OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abd al-Karim Sabun

Muhammad 'Abd al-Karim Sabun (died 1815) was (Sultan) of Wadai, a Muslim state in what is now eastern Chad, from 1804 to 1815. He pursued an expansionist policy, and was the greatest of the rulers of Wadai.

## Accession

Abd al-Karim Sabun ascended the throne of Wadai on Rajab 1219 (May–June 1804). Sabun was the eldest son of the ineffective Kolak Salih Derret. As the result of a conspiracy, his father was killed and Sabun assumed the throne. His father's other children were not yet grown, but his brother Asad posed a threat. Asad fled to Darfur, but was lured back on the pretense that he had support for his claim to the throne. He was then seized, taken to the capital, Wara, and blinded. Sabun became ruler of a state that under Salih Derret controlled the area of the east-central Chad Basin south of the Sahara and north of the Bahr es Salamat, between Kanem in the west and the Sultanate of Darfur in the east.

## Military conflict

Sabun supplied his army with chain mail and firearms, dispatching them on looting expeditions against Bornu and Baguirmi. Around 1805 or 1806, Sabun used the excuse that Abder Rahman Gaurang I of Baguirmi had sinfully married his own sister as a reason to attack. He captured the capital, Massenya, and killed the mbang and his family. He took a huge booty including 20,000 slaves, and appointed a puppet ruler in Bagirmi. For many years after this, the Wadai armies freely plundered their southern neighbor.
Wadai suffered raids from Dar Tama, a vassal kingdom of Darfur. Sabun complained about the raids to Muhammad al-Fadl of Darfur and received a conciliatory reply, but the raids continued. Sabun eventually invaded Dar Tama, supported by twenty-two musketeers from the Fezzan, Tripoli and Benghazi. The Tama malik, Ahmad, had to take refuge in Darfur. After further fighting, Ahmad was forced to submit to Sabun and to agree to pay annual tribute of a thousand slaves and a hundred horses. The number of slaves was later reduced to one hundred. Sabun also made tributary states of Dar Sila and Dar Runga.

## Trade

Sabun promoted trade and promoted Islam.
During his reign, Sabun gained control of a large part of the trade from the central Sudan to Tripoli via the Fezzan. Around 1810 a Majabra trader from Jalu in Cyrenaica named Schehaymah became lost while travelling to Wadai via Murzuk in the Fezzan.
He was found by some Bidayat, who took him via Ounianga to Wara, the old capital of Wadai. Sabun agreed with Schehaymah's proposal to open a caravan route to Benghazi along a direct route through Kufra, and Awjila / Jalu. This new route would bypass both Fezzan and Darfur, states that until then had controlled the eastern Saharan trade. The first caravans traveled the route between 1809 and 1820.

## Legacy

Sabun died in 1230 (1815/6). He was preparing to invade Bornu at the time of his death. His death was followed by a prolonged succession struggle. Sabun's younger brother, Muhammad al-Sharif, finally gained power in 1838 as a client of the Sultan of Darfur.
# All That Glue

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 8/10 |
| Exclaim! | 7/10 |
| Loud and Quiet | 8/10 |
| Louder Than War | 9/10 |
| MusicOMH | |
| Pitchfork | 8/10 |
All That Glue is a compilation album by British electronic music duo Sleaford Mods. It was released on 15 May 2020 on the Rough Trade label.
The album cover depicts Marcel Duchamp's readymade sculpture Fountain from 1917.

## Critical reception

All That Glue was met with "universal acclaim" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 82, based on 6 reviews.

## Track listing

Note: The album contains the 2013 version of “Jobseeker”. The original version (based on a sample of The Yardbirds' hit “For Your Love”) can be found on the album The Mekon from 2008.
Note: The album contains the slow version of “No One's Bothered”. The original version can be found on the album Key Markets.

## Charts

Chart performance for All That Glue :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 10 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 1 |
# Sunnyside, Clackamas County, Oregon

Sunnyside is a former census-designated place in Clackamas County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in the Portland metropolitan area along Interstate 205, the population was 6,791 at the 2000 census. The area was not recorded as a distinct place for the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,791 people, 2,751 households, and 1,735 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,620.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,011.9/km$^2$). There were 2,900 housing units at an average density of 1,119.2 per square mile (432.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.91% White, 1.38% African American, 0.69% Native American, 7.05% Asian, 0.31% Pacific Islander, 2.12% from other races, and 3.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.56% of the population.
There were 2,751 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,395, and the median income for a family was $52,500. Males had a median income of $37,435 versus $31,284 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,276. About 8.3% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Bozeman Irrigators

The Bozeman Irrigators were a minor league baseball team based in Bozeman, Montana. In 1909, the Irrigators played a partial season as members of the Class D level Inter-Mountain League. The Irrigators were preceded by an 1892 Bozeman team, which played as members of the Class B level Montana State League.

## History

Bozeman, Montana first hosted minor league baseball in 1892, when the Bozeman team became a member of the six–team, Class B level Montana State League, a league that played a split–season schedule. The Butte, Great Falls Smelter Cities, Helena, Missoula and Philipsburg Burgers teams joined Bozeman in league play.
Bozeman folded during the 1892 season. On July 23, 1892, the team disbanded at the start of the second half. Bozeman folded with an overall record of 10–8, playing the season under manager B.E. Vaile. The Great Falls Smelter Cities team folded from the league on the same day. The 1892 Montana State League finished the season schedule with four teams and folded after the season was completed.
Minor league baseball returned to Bozeman during the 1909 season. On July 10, 1909, the Boise Irrigators of the Class D level Inter-Mountain League moved to Bozeman to finish the 1909 season. Boise had compiled a 13–38 record when the franchise moved to Bozeman on July 10. Bozeman hosted their first home game on July 15, 1909. On July 25, 1909, the Inter-Mountain League disbanded during the season. The Boise/Bozeman team ended the season with a record of 16–41, placing fourth in the four–team Inter-Mountain League, finishing 22.0 games behind the first place Helena Senators. The team was managed by Con Strouthers and Joe Marshall.
Bozeman, Montana has not hosted another minor league team.

## The ballpark

The name of the Bozeman minor league ballpark(s) is not directly referenced. The Gallatin County Fairgrounds were in use in the era, first constructed in 1903. Still in use today, the fairgrounds host amateur baseball at Heros Park.

## Timeline

| Year(s) | # Yrs. | Team | Level | League |
| 1892 | 1 | Bozeman | Independent | Montana State League |
| 1909 (1) | 1 | Boise Irrigators | Class D | Inter-Mountain League |
| 1909 (2) | 1 | Bozeman Irrigators | Class D | Inter-Mountain League |

## Year–by–year records

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs/Notes |
| 1892 | 10–8 | NA | B.E. Vaile | Team disbanded July 23 |
| 1909 | 16–41 | 4th | Con Strouthers / Joe Marshall | Boise (13–38) moved to Bozeman July 10 League disbanded July 25 |

## Notable alumni

* Pop Dillon (1892)
* Harry Gardner (1909)
* Charlie Hoover (1892)
* Joe Marshall (1909, MGR)
* Joe Miller (1892)
* Joe Moffet (1892)
* Con Strouthers (1909, MGR)
* Bozeman Irrigators players
# Ron Cornish

Ronald Cornish (born 21 March 1944) is a former Australian politician. He was born in Burnie, Tasmania. In 1976, he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly representing Braddon for the Liberal Party. He served as Speaker of the House from 1986 to 1988 and was a minister from 1988 to 1989 and 1992 to 1998, when he retired.
# Dirty Creature

"Dirty Creature" is a song by New Zealand art rock group Split Enz. It was released in March 1982 as the lead single from their eighth studio album Time and Tide.
Tim Finn had been suffering from panic attacks at the time, and co-wrote the song as a relief for his condition.

## Track listing

* "Dirty Creature" 4:02
* "Make Sense of It" 3:40

## Personnel

* Tim Finn – vocals, piano
* Neil Finn – vocals, guitar
* Noel Crombie – drums, percussion
* Nigel Griggs – bass
* Eddie Rayner – percussion, keyboards

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Dirty Creature" :
| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 6 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Dirty Creature" :
| Chart (1982) | Position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 60 |
# Edward Bagshaw (MP)

Edward Bagshaw (or Bagshawe) the elder (ca. 1589 – 1662) was an English writer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.
Bagshaw was the son of Edward Bagshaw, of the City of London. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 22 February 1605, aged 15 and was awarded BA on 7 July 1608. His tutor was Robert Bolton, a puritan writer, whose life was subsequently written by Bagshaw. He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1615 and was Lent reader in 1640. As Reader, he delivered two discourses to the effect that 'a parliament may be held without bishops,' and that 'bishops may not meddle in civil affairs.' The lectures attracted the notice of William Laud, and Bagshaw was prohibited from continuing them.
These proceedings gained Bagshaw some popularity and in November 1640 he was elected Member of Parliament for Southwark in the Long Parliament. On the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the King's party at Oxford and sat in the King's parliament there. As a result, he was disabled from sitting in the Parliament at Westminster on 22 January 1644. He was taken prisoner by the Parliamentary forces and was sent to the King's Bench prison at Southwark on 29 June 1644. While imprisoned, he composed the greater number of his works. He was released in 1646. He became a bencher of his inn and in 1660 became treasurer of Middle Temple.
Bagshaw died in 1662 on 12 September or October, and was buried in the church at Moreton Pinkney, in Northamptonshire, near where his property lay.

## Writings

His writings include:
* Life and Death of Mr. Robert Bolton London, 1633.
* Editions of three of Bolton's works, 1633-35-37.
* Several speeches in parliament, viz. (1) on 9 Nov. 1640, (2) on 9 Feb. 1640 (1641); Concerning Episcopacy, 18 Feb. 1640 (1641); 12 Jan. 1641 (1642), The Trial of the Twelve Bishops.
* Two arguments in parliament, viz. (1) Concerning the Canons, (2) Concerning the Præmunire on these Canons.
* Treatise defending the Revenues of the Church, London, 1646.
* Treatise maintaining the Doctrine, Liturgy, and Discipline of the Church of England, 1646.
* Short Answer to the Book of W. Prynne entitled University of Oxford's Plea refuted (1848, printed).
* De Monarchia Absoluta, 1659.
* Just Vindication of the questioned part of the reading in Middle Temple Hall, 20 Feb. 1639, London, 1660; with A Narrative of the Cause of their Silencing by the Archbishop of Canterbury (printed together apud Rushworth).
* Short Defence of the Reformation of the Church by K. Edward and Q. Elizabeth (not printed).
# Across the Plains (book)

Across the Plains(1892) is the middle section of Robert Louis Stevenson's three-part travel memoir which began with The Amateur Emigrant and ended with The Silverado Squatters.
The book contains 12 chapters, each a story or essay unto itself. The title chapter is the longest, and is divided into 7 subsections. It describes Stevenson's arrival at New York as an immigrant, along with hundreds of other Europeans, and his train journey from New York to San Francisco in an immigrant train. Stevenson describes the train as having three sections: one for women and children, one for men, and one for Chinese. He notes that while the Europeans looked down on the Chinese for being dirty, in fact the Chinese carriages were the freshest and their passengers the cleanest.
Contents
* 1: Across The Plains (1.Leaves from the Notebook of an Emigrant Between New York and San Francisco; 2. The Emigrant Train; 3. The Plains of Nebraska; 4. The Desert of Wyoming; 5.Fellow-Passengers; 6.Despised Races 7. To the Golden Gates). (A travel description of Stevenson's railway journey across the USA).
* 2: The Old Pacific Capital. (A reminiscence on Monterey in California).
* 3: Fontainebleau. (A discourse on village communities of painters, such as those found at Fontainebleau)
* 4: Epilogue to "An Inland Voyage". (Stevenson is arrested by a French village mayor for not having a licence to sing).
* 5: Random Memories. I - The coast of Fife. (A discourse on events and people conjured up by Stevenon's memories of the coastal areas of Fife that he visited as a child).
* 6: Random Memories. II - The education of an engineer. (Stevenson describes the time he went diving at Anstruther in Scotland, in a rubber suit with a great brass helmet).
* 7: The Lantern-bearers. (Stevenson's memories of running about at night with his friends, each with a lantern hidden under his coat, which evolves into a discussion of the causes of joy).
* 8: A Chapter on Dreams. (Discusses dreams, and an author known to Stevenson whose work was based on his dreams. This author turns out to be Stevenson himself, and mentions how Olalla and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde were both based on Stevenson's own dreams).
* 9: Beggars. (A description of two beggars Stevenson had met, which evolves into a discourse on beggary in general, and charity, and concludes with recommending taxes as the best means of redistribution of wealth).
* 10: Letter to a Young Gentleman who proposes to embrace a career in art.
* 11: Pulvis et Umbra.
* 12: A Christmas Sermon.
# Abner Cloud House

Abner Cloud House, also known as Sawmill Farm, Mansion Farm, and the John S. Petitdemange House, is a historic home located near Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1822, and consists of a two-story, side-gable, double-pile main section, a two-story, gable-roof, original kitchen wing; and a one-story, 20th century modern kitchen wing. It is constructed of stone and is in a vernacular Federal style. Also on the property is a 1+1⁄2-story gable-roof, frame and stone outbuilding.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
# 2022 African Championships in Athletics – Men's high jump

The men's high jump event at the 2022 African Championships in Athletics was held on 12 June in Port Louis, Mauritius.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | 1.90 | 1.95 | 2.00 | 2.05 | 2.10 | 2.15 | 2.20 | Result |
| | Hichem Bouhanoune | Algeria | – | – | – | o | o | xo | xxx | 2.15 |
| | Mike Edward | Nigeria | xo | o | o | o | o | xo | xxx | 2.15 |
| | Mpho Links | South Africa | – | – | o | o | o | xxo | xxx | 2.15 |
| 4 | Tshwanelo Aabobe | Botswana | – | – | o | o | o | xxx | | 2.10 |
| 5 | Brian Raats | South Africa | – | – | o | o | xo | xxx | | 2.10 |
| 6 | Kudakwashe Chadenga | Zimbabwe | – | – | o | xxo | xxx | | | 2.05 |
| 6 | Matthew Sawe | Kenya | – | – | – | xxo | xxx | | | 2.05 |
| 8 | Dezardin Prosper | Mauritius | o | o | o | xxx | | | | 2.00 |
| 9 | Mohamed Aboutaleb | Egypt | o | xo | o | xxx | | | | 2.00 |
| 10 | Asbel Kiprop Kemboi | Kenya | o | xo | xo | xxx | | | | 2.00 |
| 11 | Elca Charles Ambourouet | Gabon | o | xx– | x | | | | | 1.90 |
| | Thuto Blessing Mothomme | Botswana | xxx | | | | | | | NM |
| | David Aya | Nigeria | | | | | | | | DNS |
| | Joel Tshikamba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | | | | | | | DNS |
| | Jean Paul Masanga | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | | | | | | | DNS |
| | Lognou Onadja | Burkina Faso | | | | | | | | DNS |
# SULF2

Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULF2 gene.

## Function

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as coreceptors for numerous heparin-binding growth factors and cytokines and are involved in cell signaling. Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, such as SULF2, selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate. This activity modulates the effects of heparan sulfate by altering binding sites for signaling molecules (Dai et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM]
# Sunnyside, Fresno County, California

Sunnyside (formerly, Maltermoro) is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 5 miles (8 km) north-northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 328 ft (100 m). It is an eastern suburb of Fresno. At the 2010 census, Sunnyside's population was 4,235.
The Maltermoro post office operated from 1894 to 1913. The name honored postmaster George H. Malter.

## Demographics

Sunnyside first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.
At the 2010 census Sunnyside had a population of 4,235. The population density was 2,191.7 inhabitants per square mile (846.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Sunnyside was 2,687 (63.4%) White, 176 (4.2%) African American, 58 (1.4%) Native American, 467 (11.0%) Asian, 6 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 640 (15.1%) from other races, and 201 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,525 persons (36.0%).
The census reported that 4,231 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 4 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.
There were 1,490 households, 484 (32.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 916 (61.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 154 (10.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 71 (4.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 61 (4.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 11 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 294 households (19.7%) were one person and 173 (11.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.84. There were 1,141 families (76.6% of households); the average family size was 3.24.
The age distribution was 981 people (23.2%) under the age of 18, 356 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 861 people (20.3%) aged 25 to 44, 1,190 people (28.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 847 people (20.0%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.
There were 1,562 housing units at an average density of 808.3 per square mile (312.1/km$^2$),of which 1,490 were occupied, 1,199 (80.5%) by the owners and 291 (19.5%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.5%. 3,237 people (76.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 994 people (23.5%) lived in rental housing units.
# Simon de Faultrier

Simon de Faultrier (1763–1832) was a French general during the Napoleonic Wars.
Faultrier was born in Metz. Son of an artillery officer, he enlisted very young at the Artillery School of Metz. He became lieutenant in 1781 and captain in 1790. Faultrier fought during the French Revolutionary Wars with the Army of the North, the Army of the Moselle and the Army of Sambre and Meuse. He fought at the Battle of Arlon and the Battle of Fleurus in 1794. Then, Faultrier fought in Germany and Italy, with the rank of colonel. Faultrier was wounded at the Siege of Verona in October 1805. Faultrier took command of the artillery in Bruges. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1802. Faultrier then commanded the artillery at Valence. He received the Legion of Honour, first as knight, then as officer. In 1807, he commanded the artillery in Strasbourg and then went with the French army in Spain. General Faultrier left the army in 1812 and died in 1815.

## Sources

* Mullié, Charles (1852). "Faultrier (Simon de)" . Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850 (in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie.
* Émile Auguste Bégin: Biographie de la Moselle ou, Histoire par ordre alphabétique de toutes les personnes nées dans ce département, qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs actions, leurs talents, leurs écrits, leurs vertus, ou leurs crimes, Volume 2, 1829.
# Adverse analytical finding

An adverse analytical finding (AAF), also known as a testing positive, occurs when a laboratory accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) "identifies the presence of a prohibited substance and/or its metabolites or markers in a sample". A related concept is the atypical finding (ATF) when the result is inconclusive, a category introduced in 2008. Not all AAFs result in anti-doping sanctions; the rate varies by sport. In athletics, the rate of AAFs does not vary significantly by event and averages 0.95 percent of samples analyzed. However, sprinters were more likely to test positive for anabolic steroids while middle- and long-distance runners were more likely to test positive for peptides and growth factors.
# Caesium permanganate

Caesium permanganate is the permanganate salt of caesium, with the chemical formula CsMnO$_4$.

## Preparation

Caesium permanganate can be formed by the reaction of potassium permanganate and caesium nitrate:
    CsNO$_3$ + KMnO$_4$ → KNO$_3$ + CsMnO$_4$ ↓

## Properties
### Physical

Caesium permanganate is soluble in water with a solubility of 0.97 g/L at 1 °C, 2.3 g/L at 19 °C, and 12.5 g/L at 59 °C. Its crystal structure is orthorhombic, the same as rubidium permanganate, ammonium permanganate and potassium permanganate.

### Chemical

Similar to potassium permanganate, the two-step decomposition of caesium permanganate leads to the formation of caesium manganate intermediates. It breaks down into manganese dioxide, caesium oxide and oxygen. The decomposition temperature is between 200 and 300 °C. Drift-away oxygen caused an 8% mass loss in the product.
    10CsMnO$_4$ → 3Cs$_2$MnO$_4$ + 7MnO$_2$ + 2Cs$_2$O + 6O$_2$ ↑
    2Cs$_2$MnO$_4$ → 2MnO$_2$ + 2Cs$_2$O + O$_2$ ↑
Total reaction:
    4CsMnO$_4$ → 4MnO$_2$ + 2Cs$_2$O + 3O$_2$ ↑