OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samantha Chase

Samantha Chase was a pseudonym used by Eileen Buckholtz and Ruth Glick.
The books they wrote under this pseudonym were:
* Postmark (1988) ISBN 9780944276112
* Needlepoint (1989) ISBN 9780944276587
Samantha Chase also wrote the Shaughnessy Brothers series of novels.
# Reactive intermediate

In chemistry, a reactive intermediate or an intermediate is a short-lived, high-energy, highly reactive molecule. When generated in a chemical reaction, it will quickly convert into a more stable molecule. Only in exceptional cases can these compounds be isolated and stored, e.g. low temperatures, matrix isolation. When their existence is indicated, reactive intermediates can help explain how a chemical reaction takes place.
Most chemical reactions take more than one elementary step to complete, and a reactive intermediate is a high-energy, hence unstable, product that exists only in one of the intermediate steps. The series of steps together make a reaction mechanism. A reactive intermediate differs from a reactant or product or a simple reaction intermediate only in that it cannot usually be isolated but is sometimes observable only through fast spectroscopic methods. It is stable in the sense that an elementary reaction forms the reactive intermediate and the elementary reaction in the next step is needed to destroy it.
When a reactive intermediate is not observable, its existence must be inferred through experimentation. This usually involves changing reaction conditions such as temperature or concentration and applying the techniques of chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, or spectroscopy. Reactive intermediates based on carbon are radicals, carbenes, carbocations, carbanions, arynes, and carbynes.

## Common features

Reactive intermediates have several features in common:
* low concentration with respect to reaction substrate and final reaction product
* with the exception of carbanions, these intermediates do not obey the lewis octet rule, hence the high reactivity
* often generated on chemical decomposition of a chemical compound
* it is often possible to prove the existence of this species by spectroscopic means
* cage effects have to be taken into account
* often stabilisation by conjugation or resonance
* often difficult to distinguish from a transition state
* prove existence by means of chemical trapping

## Carbon

* Radical
* Carbene
* Carbocation
* Carbanion
* Carbyne
* Benzyne (an aryne)

## Other reactive intermediates

* Carbenoid
* Ion-neutral complex
* Keto anions
* Nitrenes
* Oxocarbenium ions
* Phosphinidenes
* Phosphoryl nitride
* Tetrahedral intermediates in carbonyl addition reactions
# Son of Skip James

Son of Skip James is the thirtieth album by American singer/songwriter Dion. It was released on November 6, 2007, on the Verve Forecast Records label. The album stayed on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for twelve weeks, peaking at No. 4 on November 24, 2007.
The album serves as a follow-up to Dion's 2006 Grammy-nominated blues album, Bronx in Blue. The majority of tracks on Son of Skip James are cover versions of well-known blues songs, some of them classics. The album's title references blues legend Skip James, a friend of Dion's. Dion described the use of James's name for the album as "a kind of mission statement for the project".

## Critical reception

Son of Skip James :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | |
| Standard-Speaker | |
| The Philadelphia Inquirer | |
The album was generally positively received by critics, who called out its authenticity, simplicity, and emotional depth. The original tracks, particularly "The Thunderer", were considered to stand on equal or even superior footing to the cover tracks. Most critics agreed that Dion had effectively personalized the covers, although Tony Sclafani of PopMatters disagreed, calling the track selection "too familiar", and his recordings "too reverent" to bring the project fully to life. Martin Halo of JamBase highlighted Dion's dedication to researching the origins of the cover songs as part of what made the album distinctive among other blues cover albums.
Joel Selvin of SFgate.com called it "another landmark in a career littered with them". Thom Jurek, writing for AllMusic, called it "one of the best records of the year". Chris Jones of BBC Music called it "every inch the equal of its predecessor". Nick Cristiano of The Philadelphia Inquirer found it "exceptionally warm and intuitive". Despite his criticism of the track selection, Sclafani said the album "does not fall short when it comes to ass-kicking". Halo felt that the album featured "master musicianship and stunning vocals", but called it "nothing we haven’t heard before."

## Track listing

Except where noted, credits are adapted from AllMusic.

## Personnel

Adapted from AllMusic.

### Musicians

* Bob Guertin – audio engineer, organ, percussion
* Dion DiMucci – audio production, guitar, harmonica, producer, vocals
* Rick Krive – piano

### Additional personnel

* Bill Bush – photography
* Susan DiMucci – photography
* Michael Friedman – photography
* Richard Gottehrer – executive producer
* Hollis King – art direction
* Emily Lazar – mastering
* Kazumi Matsumoto – graphic design
# Roqia Abubakr

Roqia Abubakr (7 June 1917 – ?) was an Afghan politician, and jointly the first woman elected to parliament in the country.

## Biography

Born in 1917, Abubakr married her first husband M. Yousof in August 1933. He died two years later. She studied at the Faculty of Sociology at Kabul University, and became a teacher in 1940. Between 1941 and 1949, she was director of the Zarghuna Girls School in Kabul. In 1945 she married M. Abubakr; the couple had two daughters and a son, and divorced in 1970.
After leaving Zarghuna Girls School, she worked as general director of the Women's Welfare Society until 1962, before joining the Ministry of Education in 1963. She also served as general director of the Red Crescent Society.
In 1964 Abubakr was elected to the Constitutional Assembly that drew up the 1964 constitution, which introduced women's suffrage. She was subsequently one of four women elected to Parliament in the 1965 elections, representing the First District of Kabul City.
She was one of the first six women to be member of Parliament after the 1965 elections: Anahita Ratibzad of Kabul, Khadija Ahrari of Kabul, Ruqia Abubakr of Kandhahar and Masuma Esmati of Herat for the House of the People, and Homaira Saljuqi and Aziza Gardizi for the Senate.
However, she did not contest the 1969 elections.
Abubakr returned to the Ministry of Education, serving as national director of the literacy programme from 1972 until 1973. She was also a presenter on Radio Afghanistan for five years.
# Santa Cruz Hemp Allstars

The Santa Cruz Hemp Allstars are a super-jam group put together by Poco Marshall, featuring members of Sound Tribe Sector 9, Estradasphere, Netwerk:Electric, The Disco Biscuits, The Slip, The Living Daylights, and DJ Logic. The first show was held at Palookaville in Santa Cruz, California on April 20, 2001, as a Santa Cruz Hemp Fest afterparty. The group plays totally unrehearsed improvised jam sessions. There have only been a total of seven appearances ever by the Santa Cruz Hemp Allstars. Their last show was completely sold out.
# QRA locator

The QRA locator, also called QTH locator in some publications, is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of the Maidenhead Locator System. As a radio transmitter or receiver location system the QRA locator is considered defunct, but may be found in many older documents.

## History

The QRA locator system in the 4-character format was introduced at a meeting of the VHF Working Group in The Hague in October 1959. The QRA locator was further developed with the addition of the fifth character at the Region 1 Conference in Malmö (1963).
The QRA locator was officially adopted by IARU Region 1 in 1966 and was renamed "QTH-locator" a year later.

## Description

QRA locator references consist of a string of two capital letters, two numerical digits and one lower case letter, e.g. FG32c.
* The two capital letters mark an area, or square, of two degrees longitude by one degree latitude, like the squares of Maidenhead Locator. The bottom left corner of square AA was at 40.0° N - 0.0° E. Therefore, square "AA" of the QRA locator corresponds to square "JN00" of Maidenhead locator. Maidenhead locator square "IO91", which covers part of Greater London, belongs to QRA locator square "ZL".
* The main squares are subdivided to 80 smaller squares, each one covering 12' by 7'30", and which are numbered from 01 to 80. The small squares are numbered from North to South and West to East. The northwest corner of the main square is indicated with "01" and the southeastern corner with 80.
| 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 |
| 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 |
| 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
* Each small square is further subdivided into nine squares, each one covering 4' by 2'30", indicated by the letters 'a' to 'j' (excluding 'i'), in a spiral pattern.
| h | a | b |
| g | j | c |
| f | e | d |
With this system, a location at 52° 26' 12" N - 0° 13' 6"E would have a QRA locator reference AM52g.

## Disadvantages

The QRA locator system has two disadvantages, which led to its replacement by the current Maidenhead system:
* The main disadvantage of the QRA Locator system is that it covers only an area with a Longitude of 52° and a Latitude of 26° so within Europe this does not present a problem, but the coverage cannot not be extended to cover other regions without location ambiguity.
* Conversion from longitude and latitude to locator reference and vice versa is somewhat complicated.
# Protochimaera

Protochimaera is an extinct genus of chimaeriform fish from the Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) of central Russia. It is the oldest known representative of the order Chimaeriformes, approximately 10 million years older than Echinochimaera (from the late Serpukhovian of Montana), and far older than the Mesozoic radiation which would lead to modern chimaeriforms, commonly known as chimaeras, rat fish, or ghost sharks.
Protochimaera is known from tooth plates found at five sites southwest of the Moscow Basin. These sites correspond to the Olkhovets Formation (Tulian and Aleksinian regional stages, equivalent to the middle of the global Viséan stage) and Dashkovo Formation (Steshevian regional stage, the lower-middle part of the Serpukhovian). Like modern chimaeras (Chimaeroidei), there are three pairs of tooth plates, each developing a cutting or shearing edge. This degree of similarity suggests that Protochimaera is the sister taxon to Chimaeroidei, a proposal supported by a phylogenetic analysis. This position is more derived than Echinochimaera or even some Mesozoic taxa such as Squaloraja and Myriacanthoids.
# Scyllarus

Scyllarus is a genus of slipper lobsters from the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean and Caribbean. Until 2002, the genus included far more species, but these are now placed in other genera. The following species remain in Scyllarus:
* Scyllarus americanus (Smith, 1869)
* Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Scyllarus caparti Holthuis, 1952
* Scyllarus chacei Holthuis, 1960
* Scyllarus depressus (Smith, 1881)
* Scyllarus paradoxus Miers, 1881
* Scyllarus planorbis Holthuis, 1969
* Scyllarus pygmaeus (Bate, 1888)
* Scyllarus subarctus Crosnier, 1970
# St Albans Cathedral (Pretoria)

St Albans Cathedral is an Anglican church on Schoeman Street in downtown Pretoria, South Africa. The current cathedral is an extension of an Anglican church built on the property in 1879, which was converted into a cathedral in 1909. The church is named after Saint Alban, the first Christian martyr of Britain.
The cathedral features a metal cross in honor of Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, who died of dysentery during the Second Boer War.
# Püchersreuth

Püchersreuth is a municipality in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany.
# Senai (federal constituency)

Senai was a federal constituency in Johor, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1986 to 2004.
The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 2004 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Senai :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Renggam |||||
| 7th | P127 | 1986-1990 | Woon See Chin (云时进) | BN (MCA) |
| 8th | P127 | 1990-1995 | Woon See Chin (云时进) | BN (MCA) |
| 9th | P138 | 1995-1999 | Lim Si Cheng (林思城) | BN (MCA) |
| 10th | P138 | 1999-2004 | Lim Si Cheng (林思城) | BN (MCA) |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Kulai |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1954–59* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Senai | | | | Bandar Tenggara | | | |
| Senai | | | | | Bukit Permai | | |
| Senai | | | | Kulai | Kulai | | |
# Ryan Haynes

Ryan Haynes may refer to:
* Ryan A. Haynes (born 1985), member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
* Ryan Haynes (footballer) (born 1995), English footballer
# Rosmarie Pamer

Rosmarie Pamer (born 19 March 1971) is an Italian politician and middle school teacher from South Tyrol. A member of the South Tyrolean People's Party, she was elected to the Landtag of South Tyrol in the 2023 provincial elections.

## Early life and education

Pamer grew up on a mountain farm above St. Martin in Passeier. After elementary and middle school in St. Martin, she attended the secondary school in Merano. She then completed a biology degree at the University of Innsbruck, which she completed with a diploma thesis in 1995.

## Political career

Pamer has been politically active since 1995. She was deputy mayor and community representative of St. Martin from 1995 to 2010. In 2010, she was elected mayor with 56.3% of the vote, and was confirmed in the 2015 and 2020 local elections. Since 2022 she has been SVP district chairwoman for the Burggrafenamt. She ran for the SVP in the provincial elections in 2023 and was able to collect 12,290 preferential votes, which meant that she entered the Landtag of South Tyrol and at the same time the Trentino-South Tyrol regional council. On 1 February 2024, she was elected to the new state government; In the Kompatscher III cabinet, she acts as first deputy state governor and, as state councilor, oversees the issues of social cohesion, family and voluntary work.

## Personal life

Pamer lives in St. Martin with her partner and son.
# Rutherford P. Hayes

Rutherford Platt Hayes (June 24, 1858 – July 31, 1927) was an American librarian who was the third son of Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th president of the United States.

## Biography

Hayes attended Michigan State University and Cornell University, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, graduating in 1880. He also attended the Boston Institute of Technology.
Hayes returned to his family's home in Fremont, Ohio, in 1882 and went to work for the Fremont Savings Bank. Soon after he returned to Fremont, Hayes became a Trustee of the Birchard Library, which was founded by his grand-uncle, Sardis Birchard. He introduced several progressive ideas to its management, including the introduction of a children's area and sending boxes of books to neighboring towns (similar to today's bookmobiles). He published the library's catalog as installments in a local paper. He was one of the founders of the Ohio Library Association in 1895 and advocated for a bill in the legislature to appoint a state library commission. Hayes was appointed to the Ohio Library Commission in 1896.
Hayes left Ohio for Chicago, Illinois, where he worked on library issues and developed a traveling library. He moved to Asheville, North Carolina, where he acquired large holdings of land. He worked with Asheville resident Edward W. Pearson, an African American entrepreneur, to develop new African-American residential neighborhoods in West Asheville. In North Carolina, Hayes engaged in scientific farming on a large scale. Hayes was president of the Appalachian Forest Reserve and the western North Carolina Fair. He moved to Clearwater, Florida, in 1922. In Florida, he served as chairman of the board of directors of the Clearwater Savings and Loan Association and the First Mortgage Investment Company.
Throughout his life he maintained his interest in library matters, promoting those of Asheville and Clearwater, and retaining his membership on the board of trustees of the library in Fremont, Ohio. He served as secretary of the American Library Association and also served as vice president and acting president from October 1897 through January 1898.
Hayes died on July 31, 1927, in Tampa of prostate cancer.
# Scyllarides

Scyllarides is a genus of slipper lobsters.

## Characteristics

Scyllarides is placed in the subfamily Arctidinae, which is differentiated from other subfamilies by the presence of multiarticulated exopods on all three maxillipeds, and a three-segmented palp on the mandible. The only other genus in the subfamily, Arctides, is distinguished by having a more highly sculptured carapace, with an extra spine behind each eye, and a transverse groove on the first segment of the abdomen.

## Taxonomic history

In 1849, Wilhem de Haan divided the genus Scyllarus into two genera, Scyllarus and Arctus, but made the error of including the type species of Scyllarus in the genus Arctus. This was first recognised by the ichthyologist Theodore Gill in 1898, who synonymised Arctus with Scyllarus, and erected a new genus Scyllarides to hold the species that De Haan had placed in Scyllarus.

## Species

Scyllarides comprises the following extant species:
* Scyllarides aequinoctialis (Lund, 1793)
* Scyllarides astori Holthuis, 1960
* Scyllarides brasiliensis Rathbun, 1906
* Scyllarides deceptor Holthuis, 1963
* Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960
* Scyllarides elisabethae (Ortmann, 1894)
* Scyllarides haanii (De Haan, 1841)
* Scyllarides herklotsii (Herklots, 1851)
* Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1802)
* Scyllarides nodifer (Stimpson, 1866)
* Scyllarides obtusus Holthuis, 1993
* Scyllarides roggeveeni Holthuis, 1967
* Scyllarides squammosus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
* Scyllarides tridacnophaga Holthuis, 1967
In addition, two extinct species of Scyllarides are known from the Eocene of Europe:
* Scyllarides bolcensis de Angeli & Garassino, 2008
* Scyllarides tuberculatus (König, 1825)
# Salem's Baptist Church

Salem's Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at 728 Court Street in downtown Evansville, Indiana. It was built in 1873, and is representative of Prairie School architecture.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Senator Garfield

Senator Garfield may refer to:
* James A. Garfield (1831–1881), Ohio State Senate
* James Rudolph Garfield (1865–1950), Ohio State Senate
# Ajay Singh Chautala

Ajay Singh Chautala (born 13 March 1961) is a former Indian MP and sports administrator. He is elder son of former Chief Minister of Haryana Om Prakash Chautala and father of former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana Dushyant Chautala.

## Biography

Ajay Singh Chautala is a son of Om Prakash Chautala, a former Chief Minister of Haryana, and a grandson of Chaudhary Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister of India. He has two sons Dushyant Chautala, former deputy chief minister of Haryana (youngest MP, Hisar Haryana 16th Lok Sabha) and Digvijay Chautala (national President N INSO). He did his B.A. from Kurukshetra University, M.A. (Public Administration) and LL.B. from Rajasthan University. He entered active politics in 1980s, became MLA from Rajasthan twice: first from Danta Ramgarh (1989) and then from Nohar (1993).
Ajay became MP, Lok Sabha from Bhiwani in 1999. He then became MP, Rajya Sabha from Haryana in 2004. He then became MLA from Dabwali in 2009.
Later Ajay Singh's wife Naina Singh Chautala became MLA from Dabwali In 2014. Their son Dushyant Chautala was MP, Lok Sabha from Hisar from 2014 to 2019.

## Conviction in Recruitment scam

In June 2008 Chautala and 53 others were charged in connection with the appointment of 3,206 junior basic teachers in the state of Haryana during 1999 and 2000. In January 2013 a New Delhi court sentenced Chautala and his father Om Prakash Chautala to ten years' imprisonment under various provisions of the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act. Chautala was found guilty of illegally recruiting over 3,000 teachers. A CBI investigation was ordered by the Supreme Court based on a writ filed by former director of primary education Sanjeev Kumar, a 1989 batch IAS officer.
His and his father's sentences have been upheld by the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court.
# Rosmarie Trapp

Rosmarie Agathe Erentrudis von Trapp (February 8, 1929 – May 13, 2022) was an American singer, teacher, and missionary. She was the first daughter of Maria von Trapp and Georg von Trapp.
# Sara Nathan

Sara Nathan may refer to:
* Sara Nathan (broadcaster) (born 1956), British broadcaster
* Sara Nathan (journalist) (born 1977), British journalist and television editor of The Sun
# 2018 Loughborough Trophy

The 2018 Loughborough Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Loughborough, United Kingdom between 21 and 27 May 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SVK | Lukáš Lacko | 99 | 1 |
| AUS | Max Purcell | 218 | 2 |
| USA | Christian Harrison | 220 | 3 |
| BIH | Aldin Šetkić | 251 | 4 |
| CRO | Ante Pavić | 266 | 5 |
| TUR | Cem İlkel | 276 | 6 |
| FRA | David Guez | 277 | 7 |
| JPN | Hiroki Moriya | 285 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 14 May 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Luke Bambridge
* Edward Corrie
* Lloyd Glasspool
* James Ward
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Yosuke Watanuki
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Daniel Brands
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Dan Evans
* Frederik Nielsen
* Jurij Rodionov
* Emil Ruusuvuori

## Champions
### Singles

* Hiroki Moriya def. James Ward 6–2, 7–5.

### Doubles

* Frederik Nielsen / Joe Salisbury def. Luke Bambridge / Jonny O'Mara 3–6, 6–3, [10–4].