OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Situs orbis terre vel regionum

Situs orbis terre vel regionum is an anonymous Latin geographical treatise written sometime between the late 7th and early 9th centuries. It was composed either in Septimania or the Iberian Peninsula, both part of the Visigothic Kingdom down to 711. It is known from a single manuscript, now in Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 4841, where it occupies the first thirteen folios. Certain features of the manuscript indicate that it was copied in Septimania in the Carolingian Empire around 842.
The Situs was probably a schoolroom text, intended for an elementary level of instruction. Several corrections and glosses in the margins of the manuscript indicate that the text did see use as intended, although only one copy survives. Structurally, the work follows the outline of Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae, books XIII–XIV. It borrows his etymologies of names, but fills out its account with material taken from Orosius' History Against the Pagans. It has a prologue (Praefatio) and ten chapters:
* De oceano (on the ocean)
* De Mediterraneum mare (on the Mediterranean sea)
* De sinibus maris (on the bays of the sea)
* De lacis et stagnis (on lakes)
* Situs orbis siue regionum (location of regions)
* Asia
* Europa
* Africa
* Insulae (islands)
* [untitled chapter on other parts of Asia]
# Situs (law)

In law, the situs (pronounced /ˈsaɪtəs/) (Latin for position or site) of property is where the property is treated as being located for legal purposes. This may be important when determining which laws apply to the property, since the situs of an object determines the lex situs, that is, the law applicable in the jurisdiction where the object is located, which may differ from the lex fori, the law applicable in the jurisdiction where a legal action is brought. For example, real estate in England is subject to English law, real estate in Scotland is subject to Scottish law, and real estate in France is subject to French law.
It can be essential to determine the situs of an object, and the lex situs, because there are substantial differences between the laws in different jurisdictions governing, for example: whether property has been transferred effectively; what taxes apply (such as inheritance tax, estate tax, wealth tax, income tax and capital gains tax); and whether rules of intestacy or forced heirship apply.
The rules for determining situs vary between jurisdictions and can depend on the context. The English common law rules, which apply in most common law jurisdictions, are in outline as follows:
* the situs of real estate (land) is where it is located.
* the situs of a chattel (tangible moveable item) is the state where the chattel is [or was located] at the time of conveyance.
* the situs of a bearer instrument is where the document is located, but the situs of a registered instrument is where the register is held.
* the situs of debts is where the debtor resides, since that is generally where legal action can be taken to enforce the debt.
* the situs of intangible property, including intellectual property and goodwill, is where the property is registered, or, if not registered, where the rights to the property can be enforced.
* the situs of a ship within territorial waters is where it is located, but the situs of a ship in international waters is its port of registry.
# Seed bank (disambiguation)

A seed bank is a repository of preserved seeds.
Seed bank may also refer to:
# 1994 World Cup (disambiguation)

The 1994 World Cup was the 15th edition of the FIFA international association football tournament.
1994 World Cup may also refer to:
* 1994 IAAF World Cup
* 1994 Men's Hockey World Cup
* 1994 Alpine Skiing World Cup
# Allan Ekelund

Allan Ekelund (16 January 1918 – 4 September 2009) was a Swedish film producer. He produced 50 films between 1947 and 1964.

## Selected filmography

* The Emperor of Portugallia (1944)
* Father Bom (1949)
* To Joy (1950)
* The Kiss on the Cruise (1950)
* Summer Interlude (1951)
* Skipper in Stormy Weather (1951)
* Defiance (1952)
* Blondie, Beef and the Banana (1952)
* Secrets of Women (1952)
* Love (1952)
* Say It with Flowers (1952)
* Summer with Monika (1953)
* Dance, My Doll (1953)
* Hidden in the Fog (1953)
* No Man's Woman (1953)
* The Glass Mountain (1953)
* A Lesson in Love (1954)
* Smiles of a Summer Night (1955)
* Violence (1955)
* The Light from Lund (1955)
* The Biscuit (1956)
* The Hard Game (1956)
* Seventh Heaven (1956)
* The Song of the Scarlet Flower (1956)
* The Seventh Seal (1957)
* Night Light (1957)
* The Halo Is Slipping (1957)
* Encounters in the Twilight (1957)
* Wild Strawberries (1957)
* The Jazz Boy (1958)
* The Magician (1958)
* More Than a Match for the Navy (1958)
* Crime in Paradise (1959)
* Heaven and Pancake (1959)
* The Virgin Spring (1960)
* On a Bench in a Park (1960)
* Through a Glass Darkly (1961)
* Winter Light (1962)
* Siska (1962)
* The Mistress (1962)
* The Silence (1963)
* All These Women (1964)
# Arthur Verney

Arthur Verney (1943-2013) was a British Deaf and disability rights campaigner and activist.

## Early life and education

Verney was born in Birmingham. He had spina bifida. As a hearing child of Deaf parents (CODA), his first language was British Sign Language.
After attending Moseley Grammar school, Verney trained as a Deaf Welfare officer. He then studied Social Work at Liverpool Polytechnic (1964–66). In 1970, Verney took up a position as the first director of the course in social work with deaf people at the North London Polytechnic and in 1975 he became social work services officer at the Welsh Office.

## Deaf and disability rights activist

In 1980, Verney became general secretary of the British Deaf Association (BDA). At the time, it was a charity mostly run by hearing people. Verney was responsible for transforming it into an organisation led by Deaf people and for the campaigning arm of the association. In 1983, Jock Young, the first Deaf chairman of the association, was elected.
Verney helped to establish a training course at Durham University for Deaf people to become sign language teachers, and in 1982 he established what would become the Sign Language week, aimed at promoting the awareness and use of British Sign Language. In 1989 the BDA had more than one million pound in income for the first time and that was much due to his work.
Verney was one of the promoters, together with Jock Young, of the European Union of the Deaf, which was launched in 1985 as the European Community Regional Secretariat, bringing together Deaf associations from Germany, the Netherlands and France to work together to empower Deaf people across Europe. Verney became the EUD's executive officer from 1989 to 1992. He also helped founding the European Disability Forum (EDF).
In 1992, following a successful funding application, Verney became European regional officer of Disabled People's International, working alongside disability rights campaigner Rachel Hurst. Among his achievements, he organised a Disabled People's parliament (December 1993), where 440 disabled people took the place of the MEPs and reported to the European Commission in first person, and he ran workshops across Europe on human rights, bioethics, independent living and accessibility. He took also part in the Campaign for Independent Living. He was forced to stand down in 2002 due to ill health.

## Personal life

He married Ann Hilder in 1968, and together had a daughter. They divorced in 1990. Verney died on 24 September 2013.
# 2002–03 Panonian League season

The 2002–2003 Panonian League Season was the first season of the multinational Panonian league. Teams from Hungary, Romania and Croatia participated. At the end of the season the playoffs were held. The top two teams in the regular season qualified for the playoffs. The season lasted from November 12, 2002 to February 5, 2003.

## Teams

* KHL Mladost
* KHL Zagreb
* Ferencvárosi TC
* Progym Hargita Gyöngye
* SC Miercurea Ciuc

## Final standings

| Rk | Team | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Ferencvárosi TC | 8 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 46 | 18 | 19 |
| 2. | SC Miercurea Ciuc | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 19 | 17 |
| 3. | KHL Zagreb | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 44 | 27 | 15 |
| 4. | Progym Hargita Gyöngye | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 34 | 37 | 9 |
| 5. | KHL Mladost | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 71 | 0 |

## Playoffs

Ferencvárosi TC swept SC Miercurea Ciuc 2-0 in a best of three series.
* Game 1 February 18 - Miercurea-Ciuc - Ferencvárosi 1-2 (0-1,1-0,0-1)
* Game 2 March 11 - Ferencvárosi - Miercurea-Ciuc 1-5 (1-2,0-1,0-2), 0-0 in overtime, 2-0 in a shootout

## Games

* 12/11/2002 Progym Gheorgheni (ROU) - Mladost Zagreb (CRO) 8-2 (3-0,1-2,4-0)
* 13/11/2002 SC Miercurea-Ciuc (ROU) - Mladost Zagreb 7-0 (2-0,3-0,2-0)
* 19/11/2002 Progym Gheorgheni - KHL Zagreb (CRO) 6-4 (1-2,4-1,1-1)
* 19/11/2002 SC Miercurea-Ciuc - Ferencvárosi TC Budapest (HUN) 4-6 (0-2,1-3,3-1)
* 20/11/2002 Progym Gheorgheni - Ferencvárosi TC Budapest 3-6 (1-2,1-2,1-2)
* 20/11/2002 SC Miercurea-Ciuc - KHL Zagreb 4-2 (0-1,1-0,3-1)
* 26/11/2002 KHL Zagreb - Ferencvárosi TC Budapest 4-0
* 03/12/2002 Ferencvárosi TC Budapest - Progym Gheorgheni 8-3 (3-0,3-2,2-1)
* 03/12/2002 KHL Zagreb - Mladost Zagreb 11-1 (4-0,3-1,4-0)
* 04/12/2002 Mladost Zagreb - KHL Zagreb 1-11 (1-3,0-4,0-4)
* 04/12/2002 Ferencvárosi TC Budapest - SC Miercurea-Ciuc 1-2 a.p. (0-0,0-1,1-0,0-1)
* 08/01/2003 Mladost Zagreb - SC Miercurea-Ciuc 2-9 (1-4,1-3,0-2)
* 09/01/2003 KHL Zagreb - SC Miercurea-Ciuc 5-4 (1-3,2-0,2-1)
* 21/01/2003 Ferencvárosi TC Budapest - Mladost Zagreb 9-1 (1-1,2-0,6-0)
* 22/01/2003 Ferencvárosi TC Budapest - KHL Zagreb 5-0 by forfeit*
* 27/01/2003 Mladost Zagreb - Ferencvárosi TC Budapest 1-11 (0-2,0-7,1-2)
* 28/01/2003 Mladost Zagreb - Progym Gheorgheni 1-5 (0-3,1-0,0-2)
* 29/01/2003 KHL Zagreb - Progym Gheorgheni 7-6 (1-3,3-1,3-2)
* 04/02/2003 SC Miercurea-Ciuc - Progym Gheorgheni 5-2 (0-0,3-0,2-2)
* 05/02/2003 Progym Gheorgheni - SC Miercurea-Ciuc 1-4 (0-2,0-0,1-2)
# Sherman Township, Monona County, Iowa

Sherman Township is a township in Monona County, Iowa, United States.
# Bagni (surname)

Bagni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Bagni (born 1984), American journalist and sportscaster
* Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno (1578-1641), Italian cardinal
* Gwen Bagni (1913–2001), American screenwriter and TV writer
* John Bagni (1910–1954), American actor and writer
* Leonard Bagni (1593–1650), Istrian priest, theologian, philosopher and professor
* Margherita Bagni (1902–1960), Italian actress and voice actress
* Ray Bagni (born 1970), American wrestler and promoter, known as Chubby Dudley
* Salvatore Bagni (born 1956), Italian footballer
# Albert King Hawkes

Albert King Hawkes (June 1848 – November 1916) was an optometrist, inventor, and philanthropist and proponent of children's libraries in rural Georgia towns. Several Hawkes Children's Library buildings were constructed from his advocacy and charitable work. Some of the libraries included theaters. Hawkes planned to build 100 new libraries in Georgia. He helped fund several in his will. The Hawkes Children's Library of West Point and Hawkes Children's Library (Cedartown, Georgia) are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Libraries

* Hawkes Children's Library (West Point, Georgia)
* Hawkes Children's Library (Cedartown, Georgia)
* Hawkes Children's Library (Griffin, Georgia)
* Hawkes Children's Library (Roswell, Georgia)
# Acrospermoides

Acrospermoides is a genus of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).
# Spiritestis

Spiritestis is a genus of trematodes in the family Haploporidae.

## Species

* Spiritests arabii Nagaty, 1948
* Spiritestis herveyensis Pulis & Overstreet, 2013
* Spiritestis machidai Pulis & Overstreet, 2013
# 2021–22 Slovenian First League (men's handball)

The 2021–22 Slovenian First League (known as the Liga NLB for sponsorship reasons) was the 31st season of the Slovenian First League, the top men's handball league in Slovenia. A total of fourteen teams contested this season's league, which began on 10 September 2021 and concluded on 27 May 2022.
Celje won their twenty-fifth title.

## Teams

Krka and Izola were relegated in the previous season. Šmartno and SVIŠ were promoted from the second division.

### Arenas and locations

The following 14 clubs competed in the Slovenian First League during the 2021–22 season:
| Team | Location | Arena | Capacity |
| Celje | Celje | Zlatorog Arena | 5,191 |
| Dobova | Dobova | Dobova Sports Hall | 500 |
| Gorenje | Velenje | Red Hall | 2,500 |
| Jeruzalem Ormož | Ormož | Hardek Hall | 700 |
| Koper | Koper | Arena Bonifika | 3,000 |
| Ljubljana | Ljubljana | Krim Sports Hall | 400 |
| Maribor Branik | Maribor | Tabor Hall / Lukna Sports Hall | 3,261 / 2,100 |
| Riko Ribnica | Ribnica | Ribnica Sports Centre | 600 |
| Slovan | Ljubljana | Kodeljevo Hall | 1,540 |
| Slovenj Gradec | Slovenj Gradec | Slovenj Gradec Sports Hall | 1,200 |
| Šmartno | Šmartno pri Litiji | Pungrt Hall | 700 |
| SVIŠ | Ivančna Gorica | OŠ Stična Hall | 500 |
| Trimo Trebnje | Trebnje | OŠ Trebnje Hall | 800 |
| Urbanscape Loka | Škofja Loka | Poden Sports Hall | 800 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Celje (C) | 26 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 871 | 674 | +197 | 49 | Qualification for Champions League group phase |
| 2 | Trimo Trebnje | 26 | 21 | 3 | 2 | 784 | 677 | +107 | 45 | Qualification for European League first qualifying round |
| 3 | Gorenje | 26 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 830 | 667 | +163 | 38 | Qualification for European Cup second qualifying round |
| 4 | Riko Ribnica | 26 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 767 | 740 | +27 | 31 | Qualification for European Cup second qualifying round |
| 5 | Slovenj Gradec | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 743 | 730 | +13 | 29 | Qualification for European Cup first qualifying round |
| 6 | Koper | 26 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 731 | 703 | +28 | 28 | |
| 7 | Urbanscape Loka | 26 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 711 | 682 | +29 | 28 | |
| 8 | Maribor Branik | 26 | 11 | 2 | 13 | 683 | 721 | −38 | 24 | |
| 9 | Slovan | 26 | 9 | 3 | 14 | 683 | 724 | −41 | 21 | |
| 10 | Jeruzalem Ormož | 26 | 9 | 3 | 14 | 713 | 777 | −64 | 21 | |
| 11 | Dobova | 26 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 691 | 755 | −64 | 20 | |
| 12 | SVIŠ | 26 | 6 | 0 | 20 | 658 | 741 | −83 | 12 | |
| 13 | Ljubljana (R) | 26 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 747 | 856 | −109 | 9 | Relegated to 1. B Liga |
| 14 | Šmartno (R) | 26 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 667 | 832 | −165 | 9 | Relegated to 1. B Liga |

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Aleksa Tufegdžić | Slovan | 162 |
| 2 | Uroš Miličevič | Riko Ribnica | 143 |
| 3 | Kenan Pajt | Gorenje | 133 |
| 4 | Uroš Štumpfl | Slovenj Gradec | 129 |
| 5 | Tine Poklar | Koper | 127 |
| 6 | Jure Lukman | Ljubljana | 126 |
| 7 | Matic Verdinek | Gorenje | 123 |
| 7 | Nik Rantah | Dobova | 123 |
| 9 | Rudolf Zvonimir Šafranko | Dobova | 121 |
| 10 | Rok Cvetko | Slovenj Gradec | 120 |
# Ryoji Nakata

Ryoji Nakata (中田 亮二, born November 3, 1987, in Japan) is a Japanese former professional baseball first baseman who played for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball from 2010 to 2014.
# Speziale (disambiguation)

Speziale may refer to:

## People

* Charles Speziale (1948 – 1999), American Aerospace engineer
* Jerry Speziale (born c. 1959), American law enforcement officer
* John A. Speziale (1922–2005), justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court
* Marie Speziale (born c. 1945), American musician

## Artistic works

* Lo speziale, an opera buffa by Joseph Haydn

## Places

* Speziale, a village in Italy
# Spodiopogon

Spodiopogon is a genus of Asian plants in the grass family.
One species, Spodiopogon formosanus, is grown as a cultivated millet exclusively in Taiwan.

## Species
### Species

* Spodiopogon aristatus - Gujarat
* Spodiopogon bambusoides - Guangxi, Guizhou
* Spodiopogon cotulifer - Kashmir, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, China incl Taiwan, Korea, Japan incl Ryukyu Islands
* Spodiopogon depauperatus - Japan
* Spodiopogon dubius - Tibet, Nepal, Uttarakhand
* Spodiopogon duclouxii - Sichuan, Yunnan
* Spodiopogon formosanus - Taiwan
* Spodiopogon jainii - India, Myanmar
* Spodiopogon lacei - Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand
* Spodiopogon pogonanthus - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel
* Spodiopogon rhizophorus - Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
* Spodiopogon sagittifolius - Yunnan
* Spodiopogon sibiricus - Russia (Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Irkutsk, Zabaykalsky Krai, Buryatiya), China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Korea, Japan, Mongolia
* Spodiopogon tainanensis - Gansu, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan
* Spodiopogon velutinus - Peninsular Malaysia
* Spodiopogon yuexiensis - Sichuan

### formerly included

* Spodiopogon angustifolius - Eulaliopsis binata
* Spodiopogon arcuatus - Ischaemum polystachyum
* Spodiopogon aureus - Ischaemum aureus
* Spodiopogon beccarii - Saccharum beccarii
* Spodiopogon binatus - Eulaliopsis binata
* Spodiopogon blumii - Ischaemum timorense
* Spodiopogon byronis - Ischaemum byrone
* Spodiopogon chordatus - Ischaemum polystachyum
* Spodiopogon ciliaris - Arthraxon hispidus
* Spodiopogon conjugatus - Ischaemum semisagittatum
* Spodiopogon cuspidatus - Ischaemum timorense
* Spodiopogon foliatus - Saccharum giganteum
* Spodiopogon geniculatus - Ischaemum barbatum
* Spodiopogon hildebrandtii - Saccharum hildebrandtii
* Spodiopogon inaequalivalvis - Ischaemum ciliare
* Spodiopogon involutus - Eulaliopsis binata
* Spodiopogon ischaemoides - Ischaemum minus
* Spodiopogon laniger - Eulaliopsis binata
* Spodiopogon latifolius - Ischaemum latifolium
* Spodiopogon lehmannii - Microstegium petiolare
* Spodiopogon notopogon - Eulaliopsis binata
* Spodiopogon obliquivalvis - Ischaemum ciliare
* Spodiopogon petiolaris - Microstegium petiolare
* Spodiopogon pilosus - Ischaemum afrum
* Spodiopogon rivalis - Ischaemum polystachyum
* Spodiopogon scrobiculatus - Ischaemum ciliare
* Spodiopogon semisagittatus - Ischaemum polystachyum
* Spodiopogon vaginatus - Saccharum giganteum
* Spodiopogon velutinus - Saccharum velutinum
* Spodiopogon villosus - Ischaemum ciliare
* Spodiopogon zeylanicus - Ischaemum ciliare
# Sabla (India)

The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) Sabla is a centrally sponsored program of the Government of India initiated on 1 April 2011 under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.

## Objective

The objectives of the program are:
* To enable adolescent girls' self-development and empowerment
* Improve their nutrition and health status
* Promote awareness about health, hygiene, nutrition, adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) and family and child care
* Upgrade home-based skills, life skills and integrate with the National Skill Development Program (NSDP) for vocational skills
* Mainstream out of school adolescent girls into formal/non-formal education.
* Provide information/guidance about existing public services such as PHC, CHC, post office, bank, police station, etc.

## Content

An integrated package of services is to be provided to adolescent girls as follows:
* Nutrition provision
* Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation
* Health check-up and referral services
* Nutrition and health education (NHE)
* Counseling/guidance on family welfare, ARSH, child care practices and home management
* Life skills education and accessing public services
* Vocational training for girls aged 16 and above under NSDP

## Eligibility criteria

The program would cover adolescent girls (only covered out of school girls) 11–18 years old under all Integrated Child Development Services projects in 200 selected districts in all states and UTs in the country. The target group would be subdivided into 11-15 and 15–18 years of age.
# Spilarctia kebea

Spilarctia kebea is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1904. It is found in New Guinea, where it has been recorded from Papua and Papua New Guinea.
# See of Cilicia

The See of Cilicia may refer to:
* Holy See of Cilicia, officially Armenian Catholicossate of the Great House of Cilicia, one of the two catholicossates of the Armenian Apostolic Church
* Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia, called the Patriarchate of Cilicia, of the Armenian Catholic Church
# 3-Phenoxymandelonitrile

3-phenoxymandelonitrile (also 3-phenoxy-α-cyanobenzyl alcohol) is an organic compound belonging to the group of cyanohydrins. It is primarily used in the synthesis of pyrethroids, a class of insecticides.

## Production

The synthesis of 3-phenoxymandelonitrile begins with the reaction of 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde with sodium cyanide and acetic anhydride in a water/dichloromethane mixture, using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. This reaction initially produces the acetate, which can be hydrolyzed enzymatically with a suitable lipase to yield enantiomerically pure (S)-3-phenoxymandelonitrile through chiral resolution. The desired product can be extracted at this stage. The remaining enantiomeric acetate can undergo racemization via reaction with triethylamine in toluene or diisopropyl ether to improve yield. An alternative synthesis involves transferring a cyano group from acetone cyanohydrin to 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Again, enzymatic reactions through an ester can be used to produce the enantiomerically pure compound.

## Use

(S)-3-Phenoxymandelonitrile serves as an important intermediate in the production of various pyrethroids, which are carboxylic acid esters incorporating the compound as an alcohol component, and are employed as insecticides. Notable examples within this group include deltamethrin and esfenvalerate. The presence of the 3-phenoxy group and nitriles enhances the efficacy of these compounds compared to other pyrethroids.
# 3-Pyridylnicotinamide

The organic compound 3-pyridylnicotinamide (3-pna), also known as N-(pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide, is a kinked dipodal dipyridine that is synthesized through the reaction of nicotinoyl chloride and 3-aminopyridine. The nitrogen atoms on its pyridine rings, like those of its isomer 4-pyridylnicotinamide, can donate their electron lone pairs to metal cations, allowing it to bridge metal centers and act as a bidentate ligand in coordination polymers. It can be used to synthesize polymers that have potentially useful gas adsorption properties.