OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russell Kirsch

Russell A. Kirsch (June 20, 1929 – August 11, 2020) was an American engineer at the National Bureau of Standards (now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology). He was recognized as the developer of the first digital image scanner, and subsequently scanned the world's first digital photograph – an image of his infant son.

## Early life

Kirsch was born in Manhattan on June 20, 1929. His parents were Jewish emigrants from Russia and Hungary. He attended the Bronx High School of Science, graduating in 1946. He continued his education at New York University in 1950, Harvard University in 1952, and later the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Career

In 1951 Kirsch joined the National Bureau of Standards as part of the team that ran SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer). SEAC was the U.S.'s first stored-program computer to become operational, having entered service in 1950.
In 1957, Kirsch's group developed a digital image scanner, to "trace variations of intensity over the surfaces of photographs", and made the first digital scans. One of the first photographs scanned, a picture of Kirsch's three-month-old son, was captured as just 30,976 pixels, a 176 × 176 array, in an area 5 cm × 5 cm (2" x 2"). The bit depth was only one bit per pixel, stark black and white with no intermediate shades of gray, but, by combining several scans made using different scanning thresholds, grayscale information could also be acquired. They used the computer to extract line drawings, count objects, recognize alphanumeric characters, and produce oscilloscope displays. He also proposed the Kirsch operator for edge detection in images.
Later in life, Kirsch became the director of research of the Sturvil Corporation and an advisory editor for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He was the advisory editor of the journal Languages of Design.

## Personal life

Kirsch was married to Joan (née Levin) Kirsch for 65 years until his death. Together, they had four children: Walden, Peter, Lindsey, and Kara. Kirsch spent most of his professional life in Washington, D.C., where he was affiliated with the National Bureau of Standards for nearly 50 years. He moved to Portland, Oregon, in 2001 after his retirement.

## Death

Kirsch died on August 11, 2020, at his home in Portland at age 91. According to his son Walden, Kirsch's cause of death was frontotemporal dementia, a form of Alzheimer's disease.

## Accomplishments

In 2003 Kirsch's scanned picture of his son was named by Life magazine one of the "100 Photographs That Changed the World" due to its importance in the development of digital photography. The original image is in the Portland Art Museum. Although Kirsch did not work for NASA, his invention led to technology crucial to space exploration, including the Apollo Moon landing. Medical advancements such as Sir Godfrey Hounsfield’s CAT scan can also be attributed to Kirsch's research.
# Border Badmen

Border Badmen is a 1945 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Milton Raison. The film stars Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Lorraine Miller, Charles King, Ray Bennett and Arch Hall Sr. The film was released on October 10, 1945, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Cast

* Buster Crabbe as Billy Carson
* Al St. John as Fuzzy Q. Jones
* Lorraine Miller as Helen Stockton
* Charles King as Merritt
* Ray Bennett as Deputy Spencer
* Arch Hall Sr. as Gillan
* Budd Buster as Peter Evans
* Marilyn Gladstone as Roxie
* Marin Sais as Mrs. Bentley
# Aparaajitha

Aparaajitha is a 1977 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by R. S. Prabhu. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sharada, Jayabharathi and Jayan. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir
* Sharada
* Jayabharathi
* Jayan
* Sukumari
* Adoor Bhasi
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
* Sreelatha Namboothiri
* Lalithasree
* M. G. Soman
* Meena
* Pala Thankam
* Vanchiyoor Radha

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by A. T. Ummer and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Adharam Kondu Nee" | P. Jayachandran | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 2 | "Gaana Gandharvan" | P. Susheela | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 3 | "Njaanaarennariyumo" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 4 | "Peruvazhiyambalam" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 5 | "Sreeparvathy Saraswathy" | P. Susheela | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 6 | "Varnavum Neeye" | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 7 | "Varnavum Neeye" (Sad) | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki | Sreekumaran Thampi |
# Black Flag (song)

"Black Flag" is a song by the American rockband King's X. It was released as a single in support of their 1992 self-titled album.

## Track listing
### US CD promo single (PRCD 4461-2)

* "Black Flag" (Jerry Gaskill, Doug Pinnick, Ty Tabor) – 4:01

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 17 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the Black Flag liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1992 | Atlantic | CD | PRCD 4461 |
# Dangerous Curve Ahead

Dangerous Curve Ahead is a 1921 American silent comedy starring Helene Chadwick and Richard Dix. The film is considered to be lost.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Phoebe Mabee (Chadwick) is a much sought after small town belle who quarrels with her fiancé Harley Jones (Dix) after a flirtation with city youth Anson Newton (Flynn). After a period of weepy repentance the engagement is renewed and they are wed. After the children come, there is a hiatus in the domesticity of the couple. Jones is sent abroad by his job and she her children spend the summer at a watering place, where Phoebe meets her city charmer and the romance interrupted by her marriage is renewed. Phoebe develops social ambitions and these are helped along by Newton's aunt Mrs. Nixon (Lester), who is prominent in society and can help Phoebe get her social whirl. Jones the absent husband returns unexpectedly and finds one of the children ill and Phoebe about to keep an appointment to attend a function at Mrs. Nixon's house. Phoebe waivers between fear that failure to attend the function will end her budding social career and the love of her child. She attends the dinner, leaving her child in the care of a nurse, but during the course of the dinner is overcome with remorse, rushes home and arrives just in time to calm the little fellow, who was calling to her. A reconciliation with the husband follows, with motherly love and home responsibilities conquering over social aspirations.

## Cast

* Helene Chadwick as Phoebe Mabee
* Richard Dix as Harley Jones
* Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn as Anson Newton
* James Neill as Mr. Mabee
* Edythe Chapman as Mrs. Mabee
* Kate Lester as Mrs. Nixon
* Newton Hall as Phoebe's son
# Savnik

Savnik may refer to:
* Šavnik, a town in Montenegro
* Šavnik (river), a short river flowing through the town of Šavnik
* Savnik (surname)
# Albert J. Weber

Albert J. Weber (November 19, 1859 – August 8, 1925) was a justice of the Utah Supreme Court from 1919 to 1925, and was chief justice of the Utah Supreme Court from 1923 to 1925.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in West Point, Iowa, to Henry and Christine Weber, he graduated from the Iowa Wesleyan University in 1880. He entered the newspaper business, but later began preparation for the bar. Admitted to the Iowa bar in 1884 he moved to Ogden, Utah, in 1889 and entered the practice of law. He was twice elected county attorney of Weber County, Utah, in 1892 and 1894, and was an unsuccessful candidate for Utah Attorney General in 1895.
Elected to the state supreme court as a Democrat, Weber "wrote the decisions in a large number of the most important and far-reaching cases that came before that tribunal". In January 1923, he was elevated to chief justice, assuming the duties of that office without a formal ceremony.
He was a Freemason, being a member of Weber Lodge No. 4 of the Free and Accepted Masons of Utah, having gone through the three degrees sometime prior to the 1895 proceedings of that grand lodge where he is listed as a member. Sometime during the year prior to the 1915 Annual Grand Proceedings of Utah, Weber had demitted (or resigned) from his membership in Weber Lodge, and later became a member of Argenta Lodge No. 3, which is also chartered under the Grand Lodge of Utah; he remained a Mason for the rest of his life.

## Later life and death

In failing health since early in 1924, Weber made an extended trip to southern California to regain his strength, and later in the year visited the Great Lakes country, Montreal, Canada, and New York City, consulting eminent specialists in the various cities, but obtained only temporary benefit. In the latter part of 1924 he recovered enough to fill his position on the bench a considerable portion of the time. Retiring as chief justice at the close of the year, Weber administered the oath of office to his successor on January 5, 1925. Weber was appointed referee in bankruptcy by Tillman Davis Johnson of the United States district court. He opened offices in the Commercial building and was able to attend to his official business until ten days before his death, when he left his office for the last time.
Weber died shortly after 11 o'clock in the morning at his country home in Mill Creek at the age of 66, after a long illness due to a complication of diseases.
# Southern Department

There are a number of government agencies and administrative divisions with the title of Southern Department.
* Southern Department (United Kingdom)
* Southern Department (United States), see Departments of the Continental Army, or Department (United States Army)
* Southern Department of British North America (1755–1783), see Indian Department#Indian Department for British North America 1755–1867
# Albert I. Rabin

Albert I. Rabin (June 20, 1912 – October 24, 2010) was an American-Lithuanian psychologist.
Rabin was born in Merkinė, Lithuania, and moved to the United States in 1930. He graduated from Boston University and Harvard University, receiving his Ph.D. in psychology in 1938. He was hired by the New Hampshire State Hospital in 1939 as its chief psychologist. While there, he met Beatrice Marceau, who became his wife in 1949, the year he became a psychology professor at Michigan State University. He won the Bruno Klopfer Award in 1977
Rabin retired from MSU in 1982, continued teaching in San Diego and Berkeley, California until the 1990s and died on October 24, 2010, age 98.
# Albert II

Albert II may refer to:

## Monkeys

* Albert II (monkey), first primate and first mammal in space, died on impact following V-2 flight June 14, 1949

## People

* Albert II, Count of Namur (died 1067)
* Albert II, Count of Tyrol (died 1120s)
* Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1177–1220)
* Albert II, Archbishop of Riga (1200–1273)
* Albert II, Margrave of Meissen (1240–1314),
* Albert II, Duke of Saxony (1250–1298)
* Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (c. 1268–1318)
* Albert II of Austria (1298–1358)
* Albert II, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (died 1362)
* Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (1318–1379)
* Albert II, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (1368–1397)
* Albert II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1369–1403)
* Albert II of Germany (1397–1439), King of Germany, Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, Duke of Austria
* Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1419–1485)
* Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard (1400s)
* Albert II, Count of Hoya (1526–1563)
* Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1620–1667)
* Albert II of Belgium (born 1934), King of the Belgians
* Albert II, Prince of Monaco (born 1958), ruler of the principality of Monaco
* Albert II, Prince of Thurn and Taxis (born 1983), Prince of Thurn und Taxis, German prince
# Ruska Wieś

Ruska Wieś may refer to the following places:
* Ruska Wieś, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Ruska Wieś, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Ruska Wieś, Ełk County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Ruska Wieś, Mrągowo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Ruska Wieś, Węgorzewo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Tauá, Rio de Janeiro

Tauá is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* This Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ridings Mill, Virginia

Ridings Mill is an unincorporated community in southern Frederick County, Virginia. Ridings Mill takes its name from the mill on West Run there. The community is located to the east of Middletown at the crossroads of Ridings Mill and Huttle Roads. Named for the mill located on West Run on Ridings Mill Road, this is a rural area consisting mainly of farms.
# Space Delta 11

Space Delta 11 (DEL 11) is a United States Space Force unit responsible for space range and aggressor. It conducts live and virtual training and operations for test and training requirements. It was established on 23 August, 2021 following the establishment of the Space Training and Readiness Command (STARCOM), the field command to which it reports. It is temporarily headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Its final location requires a base selection process and the Department of the Air Force's preferred option is Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.
A ceremony was held on 30 August 2021 to recognize the delta's activation.

## Structure

DEL 11 is one of five deltas that reports to the Space Training and Readiness Command. It is composed of five subordinate units, two that were transferred from the United States Air Force and three that were created after the activation STARCOM.
| Squadron | Function | Headquarters |
| 11th Delta Operations Squadron | Delta staff | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |
| 25th Space Range Squadron | Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations Range | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |
| 98th Space Range Squadron | Orbital Warfare Range | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |
| 527th Space Aggressor Squadron | Electromagnetic Warfare Aggressor squadron | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |
| 57th Space Aggressor Squadron | Orbital Warfare Aggressor squadron | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |

## List of commanders

| No. | Commander | Commander | Term | Term | Term | Ref |
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Term Length | Ref |
| 1 | | Pumroy, Kyle J.Colonel Kyle J. Pumroy | 23 August 2021 | 7 July 2023 | 1 year, 318 days | |
| 2 | | Steingold, Jay M.Colonel Jay M. Steingold | 7 July 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 92 days | |
# Boris Borvine Frenkel

Boris Borvine Frenkel, born in Kalisz, Poland, on September 24, 1895, and died in Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent near Évreux on April 30, 1984, was a Polish Jewish painter of the School of Paris.

## Biography

Boris Borvine Frenkel grew up in Poland in a peasant family and received a traditional Jewish education. After attending the high school in Kalisz, he apprenticed as an engraver during the First World War. In 1919, he moved to Lvov, where he attended architecture classes.
In 1920, after a brief stint in Warsaw prison for his anarchist activities, he traveled to Berlin in the early 1920s. Employed as a sailor on a cargo ship, he traveled the world. These years proved to be decisive; he established connections with Jewish intellectual and literary circles, meeting figures such as Else Lasker-Schüler, Peretz Markish, and Hayim Nahman Bialik.
After a brief stay in Paris, in Brussels from 1924 to 1930, Borvine Frenkel dedicated his free time to painting, completing his studies at the Institute of Decorative Arts. In 1930, the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels held an exhibition dedicated to his work.
That same year, he was expelled from Belgium, settling in Paris, where he only left in order to avoid the German persecution under the occupation. He maintained contact with the group of Jewish painters from Eastern Europe associated with the École de Paris, and later joined the Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors established in 1937. While exhibiting his paintings, he also made a living from various odd jobs. As an art and literature critic, he contributed to the Yiddish-language magazine "Unzer Stimme" and participated in the establishment of the magazine "Nos artistes" in 1960.
# Antotohazo (disambiguation)

* Antotohazo, Andramasina - Antotohazo, a village in the district of Andramasina, Analamanga, Madagascar
* Antotohazo - Antotohazo, a village in the district of Ankazobe, Analamanga, Madagascar
* there is also a village with the same name, Antotohazo near Fianarantsoa.
# Schemellis Gesangbuch

Schemellis Gesangbuch (Schemelli's hymnal) is the common name of a collection of sacred songs titled Musicalisches Gesang-Buch (Musical song book) published in Leipzig in 1736 by Georg Christian Schemelli, to which Johann Sebastian Bach contributed.

## History

In 1736, Georg Christian Schemelli published Musicalisches Gesang-Buch in Leipzig, a collection of 954 sacred songs. The full title reads "Musicalisches Gesang-Buch, Darinnen 954 geistreiche, sowohl alte als neue Lieder und Arien, mit wohlgesetzten Melodien, in Discant und Baß, befindlich sind: Vornehmlich denen Evangelischen Gemeinen im Stifte Naumburg-Zeitz gewidmet" (Musical song book, with 954 spirited, both old as new songs and arias, with well-composed melodies in soprano and bass, in it: mostly dedicated to the Protestant parishioners in the Stift Naumburg-Zeitz). The texts were written in the tradition of pietism, and were probably intended for private contemplation. Only 69 of the songs come with music, a melody and a bass line. Many melodies resemble simple arias.
Johann Sebastian Bach contributed to the collection, but musicologists debate to what extent. Schemelli's son Christian Friedrich was a student of the Thomasschule from 1733 to 1735, and later studied at the Leipzig University, which explains the contact. In the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV) of Bach's works, numbers 439 to 507 list songs from the collection, but his authorship is certain only for three of them, "Dir, dir Jehovah, will ich singen", BWV 452, "Komm, süßer Tod", BWV 478, and "Vergiss mein nicht, vergiss mein nicht", BWV 505. Bach probably wrote the bass lines for the others, and possibly modified some of the melodies.
# 2008–09 Southend United F.C. season

This article documents the 2008–09 season of Essex football club Southend United F.C.

## League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 6 | Scunthorpe United (O, P) | 46 | 22 | 10 | 14 | 82 | 63 | +19 | 76 | Qualification for League One play-offs |
| 7 | Tranmere Rovers | 46 | 21 | 11 | 14 | 62 | 49 | +13 | 74 | |
| 8 | Southend United | 46 | 21 | 8 | 17 | 58 | 61 | −3 | 71 | |
| 9 | Huddersfield Town | 46 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 62 | 65 | −3 | 68 | |
| 10 | Oldham Athletic | 46 | 16 | 17 | 13 | 66 | 65 | +1 | 65 | |

## Players
### First-team squad

    Includes all players who were awarded squad numbers during the season.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | ENG | Steve Mildenhall |
| 2 | DF | ENG | Simon Francis |
| 4 | DF | FRA | Dorian Dervite (on loan from Tottenham Hotspur) |
| 5 | DF | ENG | Peter Clarke |
| 6 | DF | ENG | Adam Barrett |
| 7 | MF | ENG | Anthony Grant |
| 8 | MF | IRL | Alan McCormack |
| 9 | FW | ENG | Lee Barnard |
| 10 | MF | ENG | James Walker |
| 11 | FW | ENG | Alex Revell |
| 12 | MF | ENG | Damian Scannell |
| 14 | MF | BEL | Franck Moussa |
| 15 | DF | ENG | Osei Sankofa |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 16 | FW | ENG | Dougie Freedman |
| 17 | FW | ENG | Theo Robinson (on loan from Watford) |
| 18 | DF | ENG | Johnny Herd |
| 19 | FW | ENG | Charles Ademeno |
| 20 | MF | FRA | Jean-François Christophe |
| 21 | FW | ENG | Kevin Betsy |
| 24 | GK | USA | Ian Joyce |
| 25 | GK | ENG | Clark Masters |
| 26 | MF | FRA | Francis Laurent |
| 27 | MF | COD | Peggy Lokando |
| 30 | MF | ENG | Stuart O'Keefe |
| 37 | MF | ENG | Justin Hazell |
| 41 | MF | ENG | Femi Orenuga |

### Left club during season

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 4 | MF | ENG | Nicky Bailey |
| 20 | FW | ENG | Matt Harrold |
| 17 | MF | ENG | Hal Robson-Kanu |
| 28 | MF | ENG | Lee Sawyer (on loan from Chelsea) |
| 32 | GK | AUS | Adam Federici (on loan from Reading) |
| 34 | MF | ENG | Liam Feeney (on loan from Salisbury City) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 23 | DF | ENG | Dan Harding (on loan from Ipswich Town) |
| 33 | DF | ENG | Robert Milsom (on loan from Fulham) |
| 35 | MF | ENG | Junior Stanislas (on loan from West Ham United) |
| 22 | FW | IRL | Richie Foran |
| 29 | FW | ENG | Paul Furlong |
# 2008–09 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season

The 2008–09 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season is made up of three different basins and respective seasons; the
* 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season west of 90°E,
* 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season between 90°E and 160°E, and
* 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season east of 160°E.
# Redlichiina

Redlichiina is a suborder of the order Redlichiida of Trilobites. The suborder contains three superfamilies: Emuelloidea, Redlichioidea and Paradoxidoidea. These trilobites are some of the oldest trilobites known. They originated at the beginning of the Cambrian Period and disappeared (possibly by evolving into members of the Ptychopariida order) at the end of the middle Cambrian.

## Physiology

Cephalon: Opisthoparian facial sutures. Early forms tend to have tapering, conical glabella with furrows extending far backwards while later forms with glabella expanding forwards to inflated frontal lobe. The hypostome is conterminant (e.g., Redlichia) or natant (e.g., Dolerolenus). The rostral plate is narrower than in suborder Olenellina, bound by rostral and connective sutures.
Thorax: Fulcrate or non-fulcrate, typically with many segments (60+ in an Emmuelid). The axis is infrequently spine-bearing.
Pygidium: Typically small, but can be larger and with many segments.
# Redlich–Obersteiner's zone

The Redlich–Obersteiner's zone, also known as the root entry zone, is a boundary between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The Redlich–Obersteiner's zone is located at the point of entry of either between cranial nerves and the brain or spinal nerves and the spinal cord. This narrow zone is identified visually where there is a transition regarding myelin production. It is named after Emil Redlich and Heinrich Obersteiner.
As the Redlich–Obersteiner's zone separates the CNS and PNS, there is a transition from Schwann cell myelin to oligodendrocyte myelin. In cranial nerves this is often the place of neuro-vascular compression syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia.
# Albert Puig

Albert Puig may refer to:
* Albert Puig (swimmer)
* Albert Puig (football manager)
# Riverboat Gambler

Riverboat Gambler is a gambling-themed pinball machine produced by Williams. Pinball machine designer Mark Ritchie reportedly sings the song that plays during the game, whose gravel-voiced, New Orleans-style male voice sounds similar to Louis Armstrong.

## Description

In the center of the head of the machine, a vertical roulette wheel operates more like the Wheel of Fortune than an actual roulette wheel and does not have a ball. 7 of the 16 sections are black, and 7 are red, which alternate, with two green spaces that have stars on opposite sides. Located directly above the roulette wheel, a four-digit display keeps track of virtual chips. The player uses chips earned on the playfield to bet on the roulette wheel.
There is an easter egg in the game. With the game on and a ball at the plunger, press and hold the Red and Black buttons, then press PASS 3 times, Black 3 times, Red 3 times, and Green 3 times. The display will shimmer, then press Black and Red together. The display will display "HELLO WORLD".