# San Sebastián Nicananduta

San Sebastián Nicananduta is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of km$^2$. It is part of the Teposcolula District in the center of the Mixteca Region
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of .

## Etymology

The word Nicananduta, comes from Mixtec Nica: "calls or gushes" and ndute: "water" and means "Place where water gushes".

## History

This town was founded approximately in the year of 1700, by function of several neighboring towns. This originated from the abundance of springs and some fruit species, such as apple, Peach, tejocote and Capulín; Likewise by the abundance of wood.
The first name of the town was in the 17th century with denomination San Sebastián del Rincón, following its course until 1780, then it was named San Sebastián de Almoloya, later in the year of 1886 was held as a municipality with the name of San Sebastian Nicananduta to the present day.
At the time of the Mexican Revolution this community was the Zapatista Army barracks and was the C. Jerónimo Orlae, Caudillo of the Agraristas as well as the C. Diódoro battle, Antirreleccionista who fought the Porfirismo and was banished, taught to read and write, the people protected him.
Since the founding of the people education was paid with different educators until the year of 1930, then began the federal primary education with the name of José María Morelos Pavón counting on the first teacher named Josefina Solis.

### Notable Events

| Year | Event |
| 1909 | There was an armed conflict against the neighboring town of San Antonino Monteverde, in which they had to sell their goat cattle, 2 bells owned by the people all to raise a certain amount of money to free their prisoners who were transferred to the City of Tlaxiaco |
| 1980 | On January 20, there was an explosion of fireworks in one of the classrooms of the primary school where 3 people were severely wounded and burned and later died from their injuries. |
| 1984 | There was an explosion in the center of town in the morning around 2am, it is estimated that the amount of explosives that detonated was about 20 boxes. In the explosion 7 people were injured 1 person from the community and the other 6 from the company Hermanos Borgolla. |
| 1999 | In the month of June there was an earthquake with a scale of 7on the Richter scale, where several buildings were damaged including the church, and several schools. |

## Geography
### Location

It is located in the western part of the Mixteca Region at a height of 2,360 meters above sea level.
It limits to the north with Santa Maria Chilapa de Díaz, to the west with San Antonino Monte Verde, San Juan Ñumí and San Pedro Yucuxaco to the south, to the east with San Pedro and San Pablo Teposcolula; its approximate distance to the capital of the state Oaxaca is 135 kilometers.
The total area of the municipality is 45.06 km$^2$ and the surface of the municipality in relation to the state is 0.05%.
Towards the south of the population some quite vegetative mountainous hills are located with an altitude approximately of 3,000 meters of height on the level of the sea, towards the northwest side of the population some rather rocky hills with an altitude of approximately 2,500 msnm are located.
Nicananduta is surrounded by two mountains Cerro Ticóndo and Cerro El Tambor.

#### Cerro Ticóndo

The land around Cerro Ticóndo is located mainly in the hills, but to the southwest is the mountain. The surrounding area is at an altitude of 2,989 meters and 2.8 km south of Cerro Ticóndo. Around 9 people per square kilometer around Cerro Ticóndo have a small population. The less densely populated city is San Andrés Dinicuiti, 18.1 km north of Cerro Ticóndo. Almost distributed in the vicinity of the Ticóndo hill. [4] In the region around Cerro Ticóndo, the field is very common.

#### Cerro El Tambor

The terrain around Cerro El Tambor is quite typical of the countryside. The surrounding area has an altitude of 3,046 meters and 1.1 km west of Cerro El Tambor. There are approximately 9 people per square kilometer. around Cerro El Tambor with a small population. The least populated city is San Miguel Monteverde, 13.5 km west of Cerro El Tambor. Almost covered with El Tambor hill and its surroundings. [4] In the region around Cerro El Tambor, the field is very common.

#### Rivers

Towards the south side of the town several springs are located, leading 2 rivers that go to the center of the population in a north direction towards the south side of the mountains, a river is located towards the city of Tlaxiaco.

### Climate

It is characterized with 3 types of cold climate of the population towards the south, temperate of the population with north direction, warm to the north of the population with direction to the town of Santo Domingo Yodohino.

### Flora and Fauna

Nicananduta includes many types of flora and fauna including Trees: Oaks, Montezuma Pine, Madrona, Junipers, Cactus leaves, Agave Americana. Fauna including: Deer, rabbits, coyotes, foxes, birds of different species, armadillos, squirrels, among others.

## Culture
### Popular Festivities

In the town an annual party is celebrated, in honor of the patron saint San Sebastián Mártir, for this reason there is a fair on 19, 20 and 21 January.

### Traditions

Jaripeos (cowboy festivals), basketball games, fireworks, counts and coronation of the village queen and her princess, doing great dances, among other social events.

### Music

There is regional band music and conjunto (small musical group) music.

### Artisans

In the population the weaving of the petate (mats), tenate (baskets), made by women.

### Gastronomy

The typical and traditional foods of the town are: tamales, mole, pozole, regional sauce and without missing the delicious beef broth.

## Government
### Main Locality

The main town is the municipal seat.

### Characterization of City Hall

* The mayor
* A Trustee
* 3 councilors (Treasury, Works, Health and Education)Organization and Structure of the Municipal Public Administration

### Organization and Structure of the Municipal Public Administration
#### Functions

Municipal President: He is in charge of managing the resources that the municipality receives, as well as coping with municipal, state and federal policies.
Municipal Trustee: He is in charge of assisting the public prosecutor in the first steps.
Treasurer: Together with the President, Trustee and Treasurer, they form the Finance Commission and are responsible for administering the municipality's resources.
Board of Education: He is in charge of educational establishments, such as kindergarten, primary and telesecundaria (High School).
Councilor of Works: In charge of public works carried out in the municipality.

##### Auxiliary Authorities

Delegates of the communities

#### Political Regionalization

The municipality belongs to the 3rd federal electoral district and to the 9th local electoral district.

#### Municipal Regulation

The municipality has Municipal Ordinances.

#### Chronology of the Municipal Presidents

| Municipal President | Period of government | |
| Anastasio Avendaño | 1900 | |
| Carlos Pérez | 1901 | |
| Pedro Avendaño | 1902 | |
| Pablo Antonio | 1903 | |
| José Silvestre Martínez | 1904 | |
| Lorenzo Pérez | 1905 | |
| Felipe Santos | 1906 | |
| José Maria Ramos | 1907 | |
| Mariano Cruz Rosales | 1908 | |
| Felipe Santos | 1909 | |
| Francisco Cruz | 1910 | |
| Felipe Santos | 1911 | |
| Apolonio Vásquez | 1912 | |
| Martín Santos | 1913 | |
| Domingo Reyes | 1914 | |
| Jacinto Antonio | 1915 | |
| Victoriano Santos | 1916 | |
| Miguel Mendoza | 1917 | |
| Carlos Pérez | 1918 | |
| Mariano Cruz Rosales | 1919 | |
| Severiano Santos | 1920 | |
| José Esteban Santos | 1921 | |
| Arcadio Santos | 1922-1923 | |
| Mariano Cruz | 1924 | |
| Carlos Pérez | 1926 | |
| Albino Santos | 1927 | |
| Arcadio Santos | 1928 | |
| Trinidad Díaz | 1929 | |
| Manuel Antonio | 1930 | |
| Jacinto Hernández | 1931 | |
| Romualdo Avendaño | 1932 | |
| Severiano Santos | 1934 | |
| Pablo Santiago | 1935 | |
| Genaro Santos | 1936 | |
| Trinidad Díaz | 1937 | |
| Santiago Ramírez | 1938 | |
| Francisco Santos | 1939 | |
| Marcelino Rodríguez | 1940 | |
| Santiago Ramírez | 1941-1942 | |
| Pascual Salazar | 1943-1944 | |
| Félix Santos | 1945-1946 | |
| Margarito Sánchez | 1947-1948 | |
| Genaro Santos | 1949-1950 | |
| Rosario de Jesús | 1951-1952 | |
| Calixto Hernández | 1953-1954 | |
| Crescencio Rodríguez | 1955 | |
| Lorenzo Cruz Rosales | 1956 | |
| Marcelino Rodríguez | 1957-1958 | |
| Sebero de Jesús | 1959 | |
| Plácido Rodríguez Ramírez | 1960 | |
| Nicolás Cruz Sánchez | 1961 | |
| Plácido Rodríguez Ramírez | 1962 | |
| Guadalupe Cruz de Jesús | 1963 | |
| Daniel Cruz Rosales | 1964 | |
| Cipriano Vásquez Santos | 1965 | |
| Sebastián Rodríguez Ramírez | 1966 | |
| Crescencio Reyes Martínez | 1967 | |
| Isaac Bautista de Jesús | 1968 | |
| Andrés Cruz Salazar | 1969 | |
| Pablo Hernández Antonio | 1970 | |
| Andrés Cruz Salazar | 1971 | |
| Marcelino de Jesús Sánchez | 1972 | |
| Pablo Hernández (Falleció) | 1973 | |
| Hermelindo Bautista Hernández (Suplió) | 1973 | |
| Evaristo Santiago Hernández | 1974 | |
| Apolinar Rodríguez Santos | 1975 | |
| Pascual Santos Antonio | 1976 | |
| Fidel Ramos Reyes | 1977 | |
| Gregorio Bautista Sánchez | 1978 | |
| Pedro Morales De Jesús | 1979 | |
| Bruno Bautista Sánchez | 1980 | |
| Crescencio Reyes Martínez | 1981 | |
| Daniel Ruíz Resáles | 1982 | |
| Román de Jesús Santiago | 1983 | |
| Nemesio de Jesús | 1984 | |
| Hermelindo Bautista Hernández | 1985 | |
| Anacleto Martínez Cruz | 1986 | |
| Sabino Cruz de Jesús | 1987 | |
| Ceferino Ortiz Hernández | 1988 | |
| Norberto de Jesús Santos | 1989 | |
| Florencio Santiago Santos | 1990 | |
| Pedro Martínez Miranda | 1991 | |
| Florentino Ramos Cruz | 1992 | |
| Aurelio Cruz Velásquez | 1993 | PRI |
| Leonardo Hernández Rodríguez | 1994 | PRI |
| Galdino Rosales Martínez | 1995 | PRI |
| Eulogio Rodríguez Ramírez | 1996 | UYC |
| Bernardo Santos Sánchez | 1997 | UYC |
| Cornelio Cruz de Jesús | 1998 | UYC |
| Justino Rodríguez Ramírez | 1999 | UYC |
| Fulgencio Cruz de Jesús | 2000 | UYC |
| Máximo Pérez Rodríguez | 2001 | UYC |
| Felipe de Jesús Cruz | 2002-2004 | UYC |
| Gerardo Cruz de Jesús | 2005-2007 | UYC |
| Aureliano Bautista Martínez | 2008-2010 | UYC |
| Roberto de Jesús Santos | 2011-2013 | UYC |
| Lorenzo Martínez Cruz | 2013-2014 | UYC |
| Amadeo Ramos Pérez | 2015 | UYC |