OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reversible hydrogen electrode

A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is a reference electrode, more specifically a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes, for electrochemical processes. Unlike the standard hydrogen electrode, its measured potential does change with the pH, so it can be directly used in the electrolyte.
The name refers to the fact that the electrode is directly immersed in the actual electrolyte solution and not separated by a salt bridge. The hydrogen ion concentration is therefore not 1 mol/L, or 1 mol/kg, but corresponds to that of the electrolyte solution. In this way, it is possible to achieve a stable potential with a changing pH value. The potential of the RHE correlates to the pH value:
    $E=0.000-0.059\times \mathrm {pH}$
In general, for a hydrogen electrode in which the reduction of the hydronium ions (H$_3$O$^+$) occurs:
    ${\ce {{2H3O+}+{2e^{-}}<=>{H2}+{2H2O}}}$
or, more often commonly written simply with  H$^+$ denoting H$_3$O$^+$:
    ${\ce {{2H+}+{2e^{-}}<=>{H2}}}$
with,
    $K={\frac {p{{\ce {H2}}}}{{\ce {(aH+)^2}}}}$
the equilibrium potential E depends on the hydrogen pressure pH$_2$ and the activity aH$^+$ as follows:
    $E=E^{\ominus }-{\frac {RT}{zF}}\ln K$
    $E=E^{\ominus }-{\frac {RT}{2F}}\ln {\frac {p{{\ce {H2}}}}{{\ce {(aH+)^2}}}}$
    $E=E^{\ominus }-{\frac {RT}{F}}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\ln p{{\ce {H2}}}-\ln {\ce {(aH+)}}\right)$
    $E=E^{\ominus }+{\frac {RT}{F}}\left(\ln a{\ce {H+}}-{\tfrac {1}{2}}\ln p{\ce {H2}}\right)$
Here, $E^{\ominus }$ is the standard reduction potential (by convention equal to zero), R is the universal gas constant, T the absolute temperature, and F is the Faraday constant.
An overpotential occurs in the electrolysis of water. This means that the required cell voltage is higher than the equilibrium potential because of kinetic limitations. The potential increases with increasing current density at the electrodes. The measurement of equilibrium potentials is therefore possible without power.

## Principle

The reversible hydrogen electrode is a fairly practical and reproducible electrode "standard". The term refers to a hydrogen electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution actually used.
The benefit of that electrode is that no salt bridge is needed:
* There is no contamination of the electrolyte by chlorides or sulfates.
* There are no diffusion potentials at the electrolyte bridge (liquid junction potential). This is important at temperature different to 25 °C.
* Long-time measurements are possible (no electrolyte bridge means no maintenance of the bridge)
# Selenia aurea

Selenia aurea, the golden selenia, is a flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is endemic to the southern United States where it grows in sunny prairies, barrens, and glades of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. It flowers between March and May.
# 2013 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships – Doubles

Alexander Peya and Bruno Soares were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Rohan Bopanna and Édouard Roger-Vasselin won the title, defeating Jamie Murray and John Peers in the final, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–4.

## Seeds

* Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan (first round)
* Marcel Granollers / Marc López (quarterfinals)
* Ivan Dodig / Marcelo Melo (quarterfinals)
* Rohan Bopanna / Édouard Roger-Vasselin (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | B Bryan M Bryan | 5 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| PR | N Almagro P Cuevas | 7 | 1 | [10] | PR | N Almagro P Cuevas | 5 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Murray J Peers | 6 | 6 | | | J Murray J Peers | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Ito G Soeda | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | J Murray J Peers | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | I Dodig M Melo | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | J Knowle J Melzer | 3 | 4 | | | | |
| WC | K Nishikori Y Uchiyama | 4 | 1 | | 3 | I Dodig M Melo | 4 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| | J Knowle J Melzer | 6 | 7 | | | J Knowle J Melzer | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | S González S Lipsky | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | J Murray J Peers | 6$^5$ | 4 |
| | D Bracciali J Tipsarević | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | R Bopanna É Roger-Vasselin | 7$^7$ | 6 |
| Alt | A Begemann M Emmrich | 6 | 6 | | Alt | A Begemann M Emmrich | 1 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | J Mónaco H Zeballos | 5 | 6 | [5] | 4 | R Bopanna É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 3 | [12] | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | R Bopanna É Roger-Vasselin | 7 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | R Bopanna É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | |
| | T Huey D Inglot | 2 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | T Huey D Inglot | 4 | 6$^6$ | | | | |
| | K Anderson P Hanley | 6 | 5 | [4] | | T Huey D Inglot | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Nieminen D Tursunov | 4 | 4 | | 2 | M Granollers M López | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Granollers M López | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Josef Winckler

Josef Winckler (7 July 1881, Bentlage, Rheine – 29 January 1966, Bensberg, Bergisch Gladbach) was a German writer, best known for his 1923 comic novel The Mad Bomberg, which was turned into films in 1932 and 1957. One of his other popular novels was Doctor Eisenbart (1929), based on the life of Johann Andreas Eisenbarth.
# St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church

St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church may refer to:

## in the United States

(by state)
* St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church (Sea Cliff, New York), a historic church in New York
* St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church (Seaford, Delaware), a historic church in Delaware
* St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church (Brooklyn, New York), also known as Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew, a historic church in New York
# 2006–07 Israeli Basketball Super League

The 2006–2007 Israeli Basketball Super League season was the 53rd season of top division basketball in Israel.

## Regular season
### Standings

* Qualified for the Final Four
* Relegated to Liga Leumit
Source: Official Ligat HaAl website Pts=Points, P=Matches played, W=Matches won, L=Matches lost, F=Points for, A=Points against, D=Points difference.

## Final four

| Semifinals 29 May | Semifinals 29 May | Final 31 May | Final 31 May |
| Hapoel Jerusalem | 96 |
| Bnei Hasharon | 83 | | |
| Bnei Hasharon | 83 | Maccabi Tel Aviv | 80 |
| | | Hapoel Jerusalem | 78 |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 93 | Hapoel Jerusalem | 78 |
| Hapoel Galil Elyon | 87 | | |
| Hapoel Galil Elyon | 87 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Bnei Hasharon | 80 |
| | | Hapoel Galil Elyon | 90 |

## Awards
### Regular season MVP

* Lee Nailon (Bnei Hasharon)

### First team

* Nikola Vujčić (Maccabi Tel Aviv)
* Mario Austin (Hapoel Jerusalem)
* Lee Nailon (Bnei Hasharon)
* Chester Simmons (Hapoel Galil Elyon)
* Raviv Limonad (Ironi Nahariya)

### Coach of the season

* Oded Kattash (Hapoel Galil Elyon)

### Best Defender

* Terence Morris (Hapoel Jerusalem)

### Israeli MVP

* Raviv Limonad (Ironi Nahariya)

### Rising star

* Guni Israeli (Hapoel Gilboa/Afula)

### Individual statistical awards

* Top scorer – Ricardo Marsh (Elitzur Ashkelon) (20.9 Per game)
* Top Rebounder – Kenny Adelka (Hapoel Galil Elyon) (9.3)
* Top Assists – Guni Israeli (Hapoel Gilboa/Afula) (6.5)
* Top Steals – Marcus Hatten (Elitzur Ashkelon) (2.7)
# Brian Leauma

Brian Leauma (born 11 July 1978) is a Samoan former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who represented Samoa in rugby league at the 2000 World Cup.

## Playing career

Leauma attended Lithgow High in Lithgow, New South Wales. In 1995 and 1996 he played for the Australian Schoolboy's.
In 1997 Leauma played for the Junior Kiwis.
In 1998 Leauma played one National Rugby League game for the Penrith Panthers.
He was named in the Samoan squad for the 2000 World Cup, and played in all four matches for Samoa.
In 2001 Leauma switched to rugby union, and played for the New South Wales Waratahs.
# Richard Bruce Stopford

Hon. Richard Bruce Stopford MA (1774 – 12 December 1844) was a Canon of Windsor from 1812 to 1844.

## Family

He was the fourth son of James Stopford, 2nd Earl of Courtown. On 19 Nov 1800 he married Eleanor Powys, daughter of Thomas Powys, 1st Baron Lilford and they had the following children:
* George Stopford (born 29 August 1801)
* Eleanor Elizabeth Stopford (4 September 1802 - 12 Oct 1851)
* Richard Henry Stopford (born 22 November 1803)
* Rev. Charles Stopford (19 January 1805 - 10 March 1864)
* William Bruce Stopford-Sackville (1 April 1806 - 29 May 1872)
* James Sydney Stopford (14 April 1808 - 8 July 1885)
* Capt. Edward Stopford (20 August 1809 - 14 October 1895)
* Lucy-Charlotte Stopford (born 16 October 1811)
* Robert Stopford (16 April 1813 - 25 May 1878) married Matilda Caroline Birch Reynardson, on 11 Aug 1853; Ancestor of Eugen Michael Simon (1992-)
* Harriet Jane Stopford (19 September 1816 - 13 December 1902)

## Career

He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford where he was awarded BA in 1796, MA in 1799.
He was appointed:
* Rector of Barton Seagrave 1798
* Vicar of Nuneaton 1803
* Prebendary of Bullinghope in Hereford Cathedral 1810-1844
* Chaplain to Queen Victoria
He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1812, a position he held until 1844.
# Days and Nights in Wuhan

Days and Nights in Wuhan (Chinese: 武汉日夜) is a 2021 state-backed documentary film detailing the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The film was directed by Cao Jinling, and co-produced by the Chinese Communist Party and the Hubei Propaganda Department. Days and Nights in Wuhan was released in China on January 22, 2021. It is unknown if there are plans to release the film outside of China.
Days and Nights in Wuhan features a song titled "You Are So Kind" by Chinese actor and singer Zhou Xun.
# Kipabiskau

Kipabiskau is a hamlet in Rural Municipality of Pleasantdale No. 398, Saskatchewan, Canada. It previously held the status of a village until April 30, 1973. The hamlet is located on the north shore of Kipabiskau Lake about 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of the village of Pleasantdale on highway 773.

## Demographics

Prior to April 30, 1973, Kipabiskau was incorporated as a village, and was restructured as a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the RM of Pleasantdale on that date.
# Sinus Amoris

Sinus Amoris /ˈsaɪnəs əˈmɔːrɪs/ (Latin sinus amōris "Bay of Love") extends northward from the northeast end of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It is located at selenographic coordinates 19.9° N, 37.3° E, and lies within a diameter of 190 km. To the north of the bay are the jumbled Montes Taurus peaks.
Near the southern end of the bay where it outlets into the Mare Tranquillitatis lies the crater Theophrastus. Along the western side is the flooded crater Maraldi and Mons Maraldi. Bordering the east side of the bay are the craters Carmichael and Hill. There are some low ridges in the central part of the bay, but otherwise it is relatively featureless.
At the southern egress where the bay joins the mare lies Mons Esam, a minor rise that lies among several small lunar domes.
# Spring Lake Township, Scott County, Minnesota

Spring Lake Township is a township in Scott County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,464 at the 2020 census.

## History

Spring Lake Township was organized in 1858, and named after Spring Lake.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 32.0 square miles (83.0 km$^2$), of which 30.3 square miles (78.5 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.6 km$^2$) (5.49%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,681 people, 1,217 households, and 1,023 families residing in the township. The population density was 121.5 inhabitants per square mile (46.9/km$^2$). There were 1,254 housing units at an average density of 41.4 per square mile (16.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.23% White, 0.30% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.05% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.
There were 1,217 households, out of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.0% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 11.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.29.
In the township the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $80,141, and the median income for a family was $83,736. Males had a median income of $52,388 versus $36,313 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,562. About 1.3% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Sadalas II

Sadalas II (Ancient Greek: Σαδάλας) was a king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace from 48 BC to 42 BC. He was the son of Cotys VI.
# Sagridola

Sagridola is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. There are at least four described species in Sagridola, found in Madagascar.

## Species

These four species belong to the genus Sagridola:
* Sagridola armiventris Fairmaire, 1903
* Sagridola hereana Villiers, Quentin & Vives, 2011
* Sagridola luteicornis Boppe, 1921
* Sagridola maculosa (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
# Sack of Budapest

Sack of Budapest may refer to:
* the devastation of Hungary after the 1241 Battle of Mohi against the Mongols
* the pillage of Buda by the Ottoman army after the 1526 Battle of Mohács
* the invasion of Hungary by the Soviet army following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
# Alexandra Canal

Alexandra Canal may refer to:
* Alexandra Canal (New South Wales), in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
* Alexandra Canal, Singapore; see List of rivers of Singapore
# 2021 in Southern Africa

The following lists events that happened during 2021 in Southern Africa. The countries are those described in the United Nations geoscheme for Southern Africa.

## Incumbents
### Botswana

Botswana
* President of Botswana: Mokgweetsi Masisi (since 2018)
** Vice-President of Botswana: Slumber Tsogwane (since 2018)

### Eswatini

Eswatini (Swaziland)
* Chief of state: Ngwenyama (King): Mswati III (since 1986)
* Head of government: Prime Minister: Themba N. Masuku (since 2020)

### Lesotho

Lesotho
* Chief of state: King: Letsie III (since 1996)
* Head of government: Prime Minister: Moeketsi Majoro (since 2020)

### Namibia

Namibia
* President: Hage Geingob (since March 21, 2015)
** Vice President: Nangolo Mbumba (since February 12, 2018)
* Prime Minister: Saara Kuugongelwa (since March 21, 2015)
** Deputy Prime Minister: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (since March 21, 2015)

### South Africa

South Africa
* President: Cyril Ramaphosa (since 2018)
** Deputy President: David Mabuza (since 2018)
* Chief Justice: Mogoeng Mogoeng
* Speaker of the National Assembly: Thandi Modise

## Events
### January to March

* January 25 – Thirteen people, including two in Eswanti die and thousands are homeless as Cyclone Eloise causes extensive flooding in Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa as well as other areas of southern Africa such as Zimbabwe and Botswana.

## Scheduled events
### Major holidays

* March 11 – Anniversary of the death of King Moshoeshoe I, Public holidays in Lesotho.
* March 22 – Independence Day, Public holidays in Namibia.
* March 23 – Southern African Liberation Day, Public holidays in Angola.
* April 19 – King Mswati III′s Birthday, Public holidays in Eswatini.
* April 27 – Freedom Day (South Africa), Public holidays in South Africa.
* May 4 – Cassinga Day, Namibia.
* May 25 – Africa Day.
* July 17 – King Letsie III′s Birthday, Lesotho.
* July 22 – King Father′s Birthday, Eswatini.
* September 6 – Somhlolo Day (Independence Day), Eswatini.
* October 1 – Botswana Day holiday
* October 4 – Independence Day, Lesotho.
* November 11 – Independence Day, Angola.
* December 10 – Human Rights Day.
* December 16 – Day of Reconciliation, South Africa.

## Deaths

* 6 January – King Victor Thulare III, 40, royal, South African king of the Pedi people (since 2020); COVID-19.
* 11 January – Mario Masuku, 69, Eswatini politician.
* 18 January – Nombulelo Hermans, South African politician, member of the National Assembly (since 2019); COVID-19.
* 20 January – Jackson Mthembu, 62, South African politician (Minister in the Presidency); COVID-19.
* 25 February – Archibald Mogwe, 99, Botswanan politician and diplomat, minister of foreign affairs (1974–1984).
* 12 March - Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, 72, South African royal (Zulu king); problems related to diabetes
# Sadie Kneller Miller

Sadie Kneller Miller (October 7, 1867 – November 21, 1920) was a Baltimore journalist, known for being one of the earliest female baseball reporters, as well as the only female correspondent covering some international events.
Miller was born in Westminster, Maryland. She graduated from Western Maryland College in 1885 and worked as a journalist for the Westminster Democratic Advocate. She then moved to Baltimore with her parents and started working for the Baltimore Telegram. At the Telegram she began covering the Baltimore Orioles in 1894 by disguising herself as a man; only after her female identity was found out was she known as the “only woman baseball reporter in the country”. She moved on to photography, submitting photos of Spanish–American War activities from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis to Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly, securing her a position there. At Leslie’s, Miller covered stories such as the Baltimore Fire of 1904, the presidential inauguration of Howard Taft, and Democratic party conventions. She also photographed portraits of Susan B. Anthony and Teddy Roosevelt.
Miller was a professional journalist, but most people did not know she was a woman. She wrote with the byline "SKM", which hid her female identity. She may have been the first woman to cover major league baseball and is one of the few to combine photography with journalism. While on national tour with the Orioles in 1897, her gender was "discovered".
She became the world's first female war correspondent while covering the fighting in Morocco between Spanish forces and the Moors in 1909.
While working on an assignment in Germany, she was arrested as a spy. She also wrote on the Yukon Gold Rush and did interviews from several countries including Cuba, Czarist Russia, and Turkey. Her most reprinted interview was with Pancho Villa, a Mexican Revolutionary general in 1916 at his guerrilla base.
A stroke in 1918 forced Miller to retire from Leslie's Illustrated Weekly, ending her career as a journalist. She died two years later. Her name was added to the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1988.
# Sains-Richaumont

Sains-Richaumont (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Sains-du-Nord

Sains-du-Nord is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Sains-du-Nord | The arms of Sains-du-Nord are blazoned : Argent, a boar's head erased sable, armed argent langued gules. (Liessies, Sains-du-Nord and Sémeries use the same arms.) |
# SK Falk

Sportsklubben Falk is a Norwegian sports club from Horten, Vestfold. It has sections for association football and handball.
It was founded in 1917 as a football club; the handball came in the 1940s. The club had an athletics section from 1920 to 1924, when it broke out and formed the club Horten FIK. Falk also had a bandy section from 1945 to 1949, when it broke out and formed the club Horten BK. In 1945 Falk absorbed the club Horten SK.
The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football, after being relegated from the Third Division in 2010. It last played in the Second Division in 1997.
# Alfonso Pinzón

Alfonso Pinzón (born 27 November 1972) is a Colombian heavy metal drummer and producer. He is known for his work with the bands Agony and Dia De Los Muertos and for founding the Festival del Diablo in Bogotá, Colombia.

## Career

Pinzón cofounded the Colombian thrash metal band Agony with and Andrés Jaramillo in 1993. They released several albums before moving to Los Angeles in 1999. In 2005, with Agony on hiatus, Pinzón cofounded the extreme metal band Dia De Los Muertos with Andres Jaramillo and Body Count bassist Vincent Price.
In 2007, Agony regrouped and headlined the festival Rock al Parque in Bogotá, Colombia. They also released the album The Devil's Breath and launched it with a live performance in Bogotá, opening for the black metal band Venom.
Pinzón has produced most of Agony's recordings. He also produced two albums for the American black metal band Inquisition: Ominous Doctrines of the Perpetual Mystical Macrocosm (2010) and Obscure Verses for the Multiverse (2013).
In 2014, Pinzón co-founded the Festival del Diablo in Bogotá, with Jan Pablo Chaparro.

## Discography
### with Agony

* Agony (1994)
* Live All the Time (1995)
* Millennium (1996)
* Reborn (2002)
* The Devil's Breath (2009)

### with Dia de los Muertos

* Day of the Dead (2005)
* Satanico – Dramatico (2011)
* No Money – No Fiesta (2014)
# SK-1 spacesuit

SK-1 is an initialism of "Skafandr Kosmicheskiy" # 1 (Скафандр Космический = "diving suit for space") is a spacesuit that was developed specially for Yuri Gagarin. As such, it is the first spacesuit ever used. After his successful flight on the Vostok 1 spacecraft, spacesuits of the SK series were used for space flights of other cosmonauts on Vostok spacecraft, in which the cosmonauts would eject and land separately from module.
The SK-1 was used from 1961-1963.

## SK-2 (CK-2)

Almost exactly the same as the SK-1 but designed for a woman, it was on June 16 through 19th in 1963 on Vostok 6.

## Specifications

Allowed ejections up to 8 km (26,000 ft).
* Name: SK-1/SK-2 Spacesuit
* Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda
* Missions: Vostok 1 to Vostok 6
* Function: Intra-vehicular activity (IVA) and Ejection
* Operating Pressure: 270 to 300 hPa (3.9 to 4.4 psi)
* Suit Weight: 20 kg (44 lb)
* Primary Life Support: Vehicle Provided
# SK-5

SK-5 may refer to
* Casio SK-5, a sampling machine
* Bell SK-5, a licence built version of the SR.N5 hovercraft