OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bahçecik, Haymana

Bahçecik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 295 (2022).
The village is populated by the Kurdish Şêxbizin tribe.
# Dick Durrell

Richard J. Durrell (ca. 1925 – March 7, 2008) was an American advertising executive and one of the founding staff members for People magazine.
Durrell turned down an offer to play baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers franchise in order to attend the University of Minnesota, from which he graduated in 1948.
For most of his career, he worked for Time Inc., retiring in 1983. In his retirement years, he occasionally taught a course titled "Magazine Publication and Related Communications" at Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut.
He was married to Jacquelyn Carmen (Dow) Durrell, a former Connecticut State Representative and First Selectman of Fairfield.
# Samuel, Son & Co.

Samuel, Son & Co. is a Canadian multinational company specializing in metal processing, distribution, and industrial products. As of 2018, the company has over 5,200 employees and is one of the largest processors and distributors of metal products in North America.

## History

Samuel, Son & Co. was founded by brothers Mark and Lewis Samuel in 1855 as "M & L Samuel" in Downtown Toronto. The company operated out of the Coffin Block Building until 1881. In 1907, a larger location was built at King Street and Spadina Avenue in Toronto's Garment District (now the Entertainment District).
In 1931, ownership of the company was transferred to Sigmund Samuel, and it was renamed as Samuel, Son & Co. In 1956, Samuel expanded into the Montreal area with the opening of "Samuel & Fils", their first location outside of Toronto. In 1960, Samuel moved their headquarters to neighbouring Mississauga as the construction of the Gardiner Expressway provided growth west of Toronto.
On April 29, 1962, Sigmund Samuel died, leaving Ernest Samuel as his successor. In 1963, the "Samuel Strapping Systems" division was founded, which manufactures a range of packaging and strapping products. The following year, Samuel founded "Kim-Tam Logistics" in 1964 as a solution to handle the growing demands of their metal processing business.

## Acquisitions

In 1972, Bothwell Steel and Nelson Steel were both acquired by Samuel.
Around 1991, Samuel purchased the Ontario portion of Wilkinson Steel, and Wilkinson acquired the western divisions of Samuel. Under agreement of neither company operating in each other's respective locations. Upon the agreements end, Samuel returned to Western Canada.
On March 28, 2013, it was announced that Wilkinson Steel would be acquired by Samuel. The merger more than doubled the company's presence in the Western Canadian market. The deal was finalized in May 2013.
On December 13, 2013, Evraz sold their coil processing facility in Surrey, British Columbia to Samuel.
On November 15, 2017, Samuel announced the acquisition of Main Steel of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, with operations in four U.S. states.
On May 4, 2018, it was announced that Samuel would acquire CAID Industries Inc. of Tucson, Arizona.
On July 12, 2018, Samuel announced that they would acquire Sierra Aluminum of Riverside, California.
On June 1, 2021, Samuel announced that they had acquired Systematix Inc. of Waterloo, Ontario.
# Leptophyes laticauda

Leptophyes laticauda is a species of bush-crickets belonging to the family Tettigoniidae.

## Distribution and habitat

This species occurs from Provence across the Southern Alps to the Balkans and it is present in France, Italy, Switzerland and Croatia. These bush-crickets can be found on shaded and damp forest edges.

## Description

Leptophyes laticauda can reach a length of 16–20 millimetres (0.63–0.79 in) in males, of 16–22 millimetres (0.63–0.87 in) in females, with an ovipositor of 10–13 millimetres (0.39–0.51 in). It is the largest species of the genus Leptophyes. The basic body color of this species is light green punctuated by numerous small black spots, with a wide reddish brown longitudinal stripe along the back. Antennae, lower legs, feet, wings and cerci are yellow to reddish-brown. The wings are greatly shortened. In males cerci are stout and angularly bent, with a blunt tip.

## Biology

Leptophyes laticauda mainly feed on leaves of many deciduous woods, on blackberry and on nettle. Adults appear from July to October.
# Antoine de Loménie

Antoine de Lomenie, lord of La Ville-aux-Clerics (1560 - 17 January 1638 Paris) was a Secretary of the Navy under Louis XIII of 7 November 1613 to 10 August 1615, and Ambassador Extraordinary of France to England.
He was the son of Martial Lomenie, Seigneur de Versailles (†1572 in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, Paris) and Jacqueline Pinault.
He was Secrétaire d'État of Navarre 1595–1613.
He was, in the judgment of Adina Ruiu, "a disciple and an old friend of the Jesuits for whom he never missed a chance to do a favor".
He married on 1 October 1593 with Anne of Aubourg, lady Porcheux 1608; they had children:
* Henri-Auguste de 1595-1666 Lomenie
* Catherine Henriette 1667
* Marie Antoinette
Political offices :
| Preceded byMartin Ruze | Minister of the Navy and the Colonies 7 November 1613 - 10 August 1615 | Succeeded byHenri Auguste de Loménie |
# Dubai Open Squash

The Dubai Open Squash is a men's squash tournament held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in March. It is part of the PSA World Tour. The event was founded in 2014.

## Past Results

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score in final |
| 2018 | Mohamed El Shorbagy | Ali Farag | 9-11, 11-3, 11-9, 11-8 |
| 2017 | Mohamed El Shorbagy | James Willstrop | 12-10, 11-9, 11-8 |
| 2016 | Gregory Gaultier | Cameron Pilley | 11-4, 11-5, 8-11, 11-6 |
| 2015 | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2014 | Karim Abdel Gawad | Chris Simpson | 5-11, 11-6, 11-8, 6-11, 11-4 |
# Bruny Island Radio Spectrometer

Bruny Island Radio Specrometer, or BIRS, was a radio telescope on Bruny Island that was operated privately by Bill Erickson, who was then a research associate at the University of Tasmania. It was designed to measure relatively low frequency radio emissions from the sun; ranging from around 62 MHz down to the lowest possible frequencies that can penetrate the ionosphere, which typically fluctuates between 7 and 13 MHz, but can be as low as 3 MHz. Reliable measurements below 20 MHz are difficult to obtain with ground-based telescopes due to interference, both from local sources and distant ones. BIRS' main purpose was to detect and study coronal type II radio bursts, but has on occasion also measured radio bursts below 3 MHz believed to have originated from Jupiter. In January 2015, BIRS' sustained a hardware failure and has stopped publishing data.
Bruny Island, a small island off the southwest coast of Tasmania, was chosen as a location because the low frequency ionospheric cutoff is unusually low in the region and there is relatively little local interference.
The antenna was a 21.4m mast that supported two triangular frames with 23 dipoles ranging from 3.05 to 50 m and spaced log-periodically, diminishing in distance from a maximum 2.75 m between dipoles. Signal processing equipment was located in a nearby laboratory connected to the antenna by coaxial cable.
Because of the large amounts of interference that can affect BIRS' measurements, several methods had to be employed to process the data. Data had to first be fed to a preamplifier and slope filter to prevent interference from overloading the signal and drowning out the desired information. The signal could then be amplified and fed to a commercially bought spectrum analyzer which selects 128 relatively interference free frequencies to observe every 3 seconds for half an hour. The frequencies below 20 MHz are largely used for international communications, so the system needed to adapt its filters every half an hour to effectively remove the interference. The antenna used the galactic background radiation for calibration. The BIRS is oriented to point almost directly at the galactic south pole, so background is measured at that point for calibration.
The Bruny Island Radio Spectrometer was one of the first attempts for a terrestrial radio telescope operating at frequencies lower than 20 MHz, and systems demonstrated in BIRS would eventually be integrated into other radio spectrometers. The Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer was designed to use a similar spectrometer and data processing unit to BIRS. The Long Wavelength Array (LWA) was 'inspired by Bill Erickson's historical legacy' and BIRS is considered a predecessor to LWA according to the University of New Mexico. Bill Erickson was awarded the inaugural Grote Reber medal in 2005, in part for his significant contributions to metre wavelength telescopes with projects like BIRS.
# Schierker Feuerstein

Schierker Feuerstein is a German herbal liqueur, a half-bitters at a strength of 35% alcohol by volume (61 degrees proof, or US 70 proof), originally produced in the village of Schierke, located in the Upper Harz region of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Due to its red-brown coloration, the liqueur is named after the so-called Feuersteinklippe, a rock formation near the village made of reddish granite.

## History

The recipe was developed by the pharmacist Willy Drube (1880–1952), since 1908 proprietor of the chemist's Zum Roten Fingerhut in Schierke, and which was patented in 1924. Initially administered to Harz tourists, the liqueur soon became a big seller until production was discontinued during World War II. By the end of the war, Schierke belonged to the Soviet occupation zone.
After the death of Willy Drube in 1952 and the migration of his descendants to West Germany, production was continued at Bad Lauterberg in the Lower Saxon part of the Harz mountain range. From 1972 onwards, Schierker Feuerstein was also produced again at the original place in Schierke, East Germany by a Volkseigener Betrieb ("Publicly Owned Operation", VEB), part of a larger beverages combine (Getränkekombinat) based in Magdeburg.
Upon German reunification in 1990, the Schierke and Bad Lauterberg locations merged within the common Schierker Feuerstein GmbH & Co. KG, which continued to produce the liqueur in both facilities.

## Composition

Made according to the tightly guarded original recipe, Schierker Feuerstein is related to the following bitter drinks which are all based on the bitter herb, Artemisia: Underberg and Jägermeister (Germany), Piołunówka (Poland), Fernet-Branca (Italy) and Gammel Dansk (Denmark). Artemisia is called wormwood in England. It kills most bacteria and worms in the gut.
The company recommends that Schierker Feuerstein be kept on ice and served cold. It can also be an ingredient of different cocktails and long drinks.
# Ebullioscopic constant

In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant K$_b$ relates molality b to boiling point elevation. It is the ratio of the latter to the former:
    $\Delta T_{\text{b}}=iK_{\text{b}}b$
* i is the van 't Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved.
* b is the molality of the solution.
A formula to compute the ebullioscopic constant is:
    $K_{\text{b}}={\frac {RMT_{\text{b}}^{2}}{1000\Delta H_{\text{vap}}}}$
* R is the ideal gas constant.
* M is the molar mass of the solvent.
* T$_b$ is boiling point of the pure solvent in kelvin.
* ΔH$_{vap}$ is the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the solvent.
Through the procedure called ebullioscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term ebullioscopy means "boiling measurement" in Latin. This is related to cryoscopy, which determines the same value from the cryoscopic constant (of freezing point depression).
This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. It means that the property, in this case ΔT, depends on the number of particles dissolved into the solvent and not the nature of those particles.

## Values for some solvents

| Solvent | K$_b$ (in K⋅kg/mol) |
| Acetic acid | 3.08 |
| Benzene | 2.53 |
| Camphor | 5.95 |
| Carbon disulfide | 2.34 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 5.03 |
| Chloroform | 3.63 |
| Cyclohexane | 2.79 |
| Diethyl ether | 2.02 |
| Ethanol | 1.07 |
| Water | 0.512 |
# Defence Training Review

The Defence Training Review was established by the then Defence Secretary, Lord Robertson, on 22 July 1999 to examine all individual training and education, Service and civilian, in the British armed forces. The review report, Modernising Defence Training, was published in 2001. The report highlighted that:
* Future Defence Training needed to be more integrated;
* Training needed to be managed on a defence-wide basis to better support the increasing move towards joint deployments;
* The training estate needed investment and rationalisation to ensure that facilities were used efficiently and were fit for purpose.
These recommendations are at the heart of the Defence Training Review Rationalisation Programme, a large and complex public-private partnership (PPP) seeking to transform the way specialist training is delivered in the future. Under a PPP contract, a prospective partner will be responsible for the design and delivery of the majority of the training but the MoD, via senior military officers, will command and retain overall responsibility for the effectiveness of this training. This strong military presence will be maintained to provide skills training, and ensure that operational experience is shared with students and military ethos is upheld.
The programme consists of two projects termed Package 1 and Package 2. Package 1 involves provision of training for engineering and communications, while Package 2 was to provide training for logistics, security, policing and administration.

## The preferred bidder

In January 2007, the Secretary of State for Defence announced that the Metrix consortium had been awarded Preferred Bidder status for Package 1, and Provisional Preferred Bidder status for Package 2. By January 2008, however, the Government had decided that the Metrix Consortium was not able to offer an affordable and acceptable Package 2 solution and, therefore, alternative approaches would be considered.

## Package 1

Metrix's bid included the provision of a new Defence Technical College (DTC) at St Athan. The development was to be complementary to the Welsh Assembly Government's aspirations to create an Aerospace Centre of Excellence at St Athan. The construction programme for the college was scheduled to commence in the autumn of 2010 and would cost an estimated £700m and create 1,500 jobs. However, the project was cancelled in October 2010 and the college was eventually built at MoD Lyneham, Wiltshire.

## Package 2

A separate project team was established at Upavon, operating under the auspices of Director General Army Recruiting & Training, to determine the best way forward for Package 2 training and infrastructure.
# Badge (disambiguation)

Badge or BADGE may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* "Badge" (song) by the 1960s rock group Cream
* "Badge" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode), 2001 US TV episode
* The Badge, a 2002 American film
* James Badge Dale, American actor

## Other uses

* Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a component of epoxy resin
* Bilan d'aptitude délivré par les grandes écoles, an academic degree in France
# CEWS

CEWS may refer to:
* Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy, a temporary Canadian business assistance program during the COVID-19 pandemic
* Continental Early Warning System, a conflict early warning system of the African Union
# Levi Lewis

Levi Lewis may refer to:
* Levi Lewis (politician) (1762–1828), farmer and political figure in Upper Canada
* Levi Lewis (American football) (born 1998), American football quarterback
* Levi Lewis Dorr (1840–1934), American Civil War veteran and physician
# Abapeba abalosi

Abapeba abalosi is a species of spider belonging to the family Corinnidae.
It is native to Paraguay and Argentina.
# Aloysius Joseph Willinger

Aloysius Joseph Willinger CSsR (1886–1973) was an American member of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, commonly known as the Redemptorist Fathers, and a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Ponce from 1929 to 1946, and Bishop of Monterey-Fresno from 1953 to 1967.

## Biography

Willinger was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 19, 1886, and entered the Redemptorist novitiate located in Ilchester, Maryland, in 1905, making his profession of religious vows as a member of the Congregation on August 2, 1906. He then studied theology at Mount St. Alphonsus Seminary in Esopus, New York, where he was ordained a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer on July 2, 1911.
On March 8, 1929, Willinger was appointed the second Bishop of Ponce in Puerto Rico by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following October 28 from Archbishop Thomas Edmund Molloy, the Bishop of Brooklyn, with Bishops John Mark Gannon and John Joseph Dunn serving as co-consecrators.
Willinger was named Coadjutor Bishop of Monterey-Fresno, California, and Titular Bishop of Bida on December 12, 1946, by Pope Pius XII. He later succeeded the late Philip George Scher as the eleventh Bishop of Monterey-Fresno upon the latter's death on January 3, 1953. He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.
On October 16, 1967, Willinger retired as Bishop of Monterey-Fresno and was appointed Titular Bishop of Tiguala. He died on July 25, 1973, at age 87.
# Defence Terrain Research Laboratory

Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Delhi its primary function is research and development of techniques to evaluate terrains and assess mobility potential of inaccessible areas. The Defence Terrain Research Laboratory focuses on providing state-of-the-art terrain intelligence to the armed forces.

## History

The DTRL's origin dates back to 1964 when a Terrain Evaluation Cell (TEC) was set up as a unit of the DRDO. The cell's objectives were to develop techniques needed for evaluating terrain and assessing the mobility potential in inaccessible areas. It became a full-fledged laboratory in 1981, and was renamed the Defence Terrain Research Laboratory. DTRL was notified as self accounting unit on 17 September 1988

## Charter of duties

* To develop a reliable system for prediction of terrain characteristics and derivation of military potential of various types of terrains based on modern techniques of terrain evaluation.
* To develop infrastructure, competence and instrumentation in the latest techniques related to terrain research.
* To evolve terrain data storage and retrieval system for use by Defence services.
* To interact with the Services & other agencies including Universities for basic and applied aspects of terrain research.
* To develop methods for automatic feature extraction from remotely sensed data.
* To propagate the techniques of terrain evaluation in Defence services and conduct training in this field.
* To become the nodal agency for acquiring and processing of high resolution optical, thermal and hyperspectral imagery.

## Vision

To become a technological leader in producing high resolution terrain intelligence products for defence applications.

## Mission

Develop expertise and technologies for terrain database management. Create and update thematic maps and terrain intelligence reports for the users.

## Projects and products

DTRL is one of the services organization in DRDO; its primary aim is to provide trafficability maps for the Indian Army. Additionally, it provides consultancy services for landslide hazard zonation. Other specific research activities include subsurface target detection and identification for cross-border sites.
# Bada Bhairab

Bada Bhairab is a village development committee in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2316 people living in 419 individual households.
# Erbium boride

Erbium boride may refer to:
* Erbium tetraboride, ErB$_4$
* Erbium hexaboride, ErB$_6$
# Svend Aadnesen Løge

Svend Aadnesen Løge (3 October 1869 – 1 February 1948) was a Norwegian politician and temperance activist.
Løge was born in Time to farmer Aadne Gunleifsen Sæland and Ingeborg Nesse. He was elected representative to the Stortinget for the period 1925–1927, for the Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway. From 1927 to 1934 he was board member of the temperance organization Det norske Totalavholdsselskap; he had chaired the Stavanger chapter, where he also received honorary membership.
# Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam

Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam (Ambedkar People Movement) is a political movement in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu working for the upliftment of Dalits. The founder of AMI was Dr. V. Balasundaram. Dr.Vai. Balasundaram formed 'Ambedkar People Movement' in 1977 in a ceremony held at Rajaji Hall, Chennai, in the esteemed presence of Mr. Prabhudas Patwari, Hon’ble then Governor of Tamil Nadu.Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam is constantly fighting for social welfare, equality, human rights, women welfare, Panchami Land recovery and educational upliftment. After demise of Vai Balasundaram, his brother Vai Ramalingam was elected as president for the party in the general body meeting held at Pudukkottai on 25 January 2020. In that same general body meeting Ilamurugu Muthu was elected as President for the party.
Ambedkar Makkal Iyakka president Ilamurugu Muthu met Tamil Nadu DGP C. Sylendra Babu and raised a complaint against Rathnakumar and Chitra Lakshmanan for the controversy talk about maestro Ilaiyaraaja
# Castaibert aircraft

The Castaibert series of monoplane aeroplanes were designed and built by Pablo (Paul) Castaibert, a Frenchman living in Argentina, in the years before and during World War I. His designs were inspired by aircraft he had seen in France.

## Variants

* Castaibert I – Built in 1910, not capable of flight.
* Castaibert II – Built in 1911.
* Castaibert III – Built in 1912.
* Castaibert IV – Built in 1913. Four delivered to the Escuela Militar de Aeronáutica in Uruguay.
* Castaibert V – Built in 1914. One delivered to Uruguay.
* Castaibert VI – Built in 1915.
* Castaibert VII – Built in 1915.

## Operators

* Argentine Air Force
* Uruguayan Air Force
# Defence Synergia

Defence Synergia (DS) is an independent self funding 'British Defence and Strategy Think Tank' and was formed by several former directors and policy board members of the United Kingdom National Defence Association (UKNDA) prior to the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR). They research and investigate UK strategy and defence policy and engage with Government and defence analysts on an apolitical, not-for-profit, tri-service basis.
DS engages with the House of Commons Defence Committee (HCDC) Defence Select Committee, Public Administration Select Committee (PASC), Trident Commission Public Accounts Committee (PAC), the Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy (JCNSS), the National Audit Office (NAO), Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) Implementation Team, Government Ministers, former service chiefs, academics, members of parliament across the political spectrum. DS members meet or provide written inputs to inform and influence many of the above on the DS position that without an articulated national strategic narrative (Grand Strategy) the why, when, where and how questions in respect of UK defence capability, capacity, funding and rationale can never be adequately addressed by Her Majesty's Government.
DS also contributes to defence periodicals and with the British media to highlight these issues.
# Bada Forest Paradise

The Bada Forest Paradise (traditional Chinese: 8大森林魔法樂園; simplified Chinese: 8大森林魔法乐园; pinyin: 8 Dà Sēnlín Mófǎ Lèyuán) is a theme park in Chaozhou Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan.

## Attractions

The theme park consists of various exhibitions on plantation as well as many amusement rides.

## Transportation

The theme park is accessible by walking about 2.5km (1.6mi) east of the Chaozhou Station of Taiwan Railways.
# Didier Njewel

Didier Njewel (born 7 September 1983) is a Cameroonian football midfielder currently playing club football for Shanghai East Asia.