OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karpatiosorbus latifolia

Karpatiosorbus latifolia (the broad-leaved whitebeam or service tree of Fontainebleau; French: alisier de Fontainebleau) is a species of whitebeam that is endemic to the area around Fontainebleau, south of Paris in France, where it has been known since the early eighteenth century.

## Description

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that grows to between ten and twenty metres tall, with a trunk up to sixty centimetres in diameter. The leaves are five to ten centimetres long and broad (rarely, up to 20 cm long and 12 cm broad), but, most typically, the leaves are approximately as broad as they are long. (Latifolia is the Latin word for 'broad-leaved'.) They are green above, downy with greyish-white hairs beneath, with six to ten small triangular teeth along each margin. The flowers are between one centimetre and 1.5 centimetres in diameter, with five creamy-white petals and yellowish stamens; they are produced in corymbs about eight centimetres in diameter in mid-spring. The fruit is a globular, dull brownish-red, pome of ten to twelve millimetres diameter, dotted with large pale lenticels, ripening in late autumn.

## Taxonomy

The tree is of hybrid origin, between Sorbus torminalis (wild service tree) and a member of the Sorbus aria (whitebeam) group, but it exhibits apomixis and breeds true from seed.
It was at one time thought to be a variety of Sorbus intermedia (Swedish whitebeam), and it was treated as such by some authors, such as A. P. de Candolle and J. C. Loudon, during the nineteenth century. Meanwhile, the horticulturalist, George Loddiges, whom Loudon held in high regard, labelled his arboretum trees at Abney Park Cemetery in 1840, as Sorbus latifolia, the currently-accepted binomial. Reflecting the considerable difference in opinion over the past two centuries as to its origins and identity, many synonyms have been used for the tree, including Crataegus latifolia Lam.; Pyrus latifolia (Lam.) Lindl.; P. intermedia var. latifolia (Lam.) D.C., and P. edulis Willd. It is now placed in Karpatiosorbus.

## Cultivation and uses

The service tree of Fontainebleau has occasionally been planted in ornamental contexts, or in arboretum schemes of woodland planting, or in gardens and parks, throughout Europe and North America, since its introduction into European horticulture about 1750. Since it is very fertile and grows true from seed, it has occasionally been able to naturalise in woodlands beyond its origins in the protected Fontainebleau woods, as at Abney Park Cemetery (an early Victorian garden cemetery in Stoke Newington, London).
Although it is rare, the tree has been noted for several commercial uses. Its edible fruit was sold in open-air markets at Fontainebleau until the 1950s, and its homogeneous and long-lasting wood has proved to be valuable for certain uses.
The ancient woodlands where it occurs are under the protection of France's Office National des Forêts.
# Scopula nigrocellata

Scopula nigrocellata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on the Moluccas.
# Kiss FM (Finland)

Kiss FM was a Finnish commercial radio station established in 1995 and owned by SBS Broadcasting Group. It was renewed and renamed to Uusi Kiss in the end of 2005 due to an announcer scandal. In 2007, it was discontinued and replaced by The Voice.
The station's target group were people between 15 and 35 years of age (formats Hot AC and CHR). It was known for its Internet chat room and prank calls.
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# Cyperus undulatus

Cyperus undulatus is a species of sedge that is native to Tanzania and Kenya in eastern tropical Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Georg Kükenthal in 1925.
# Alquimia

Alquimia (Spanish for alchemy) may refer to:
* Alquimia (band) salsa trio from Colombia
* Alquimia album by Venezuelan gaita zuliana group Gran Coquivacoa 1997
# Ràdio Ciutat de Badalona

Ràdio Ciutat de Badalona (RCB) is the municipal public radio station of Badalona (Barcelona). Founded in July 1981, it broadcasts 24 hours a day via FM on frequency 94.4, and streams live on the Internet via rcb.cat
Studios of the station are situated at 11 San Agustí Street, Badalona, in the neighborhood of Morera. RCB is part of the city's communication group Badalona Comunicació, which also includes the station, Televisió de Badalona (TVB) and the monthly local magazine Bétulo. The director of Ràdio Ciutat de Badalona is Franc Famades, a journalist who also heads TVB. The program director is Juanjo Zambrano and the information director Jordi Martí.

## History

In 1981 Badalona became the first major city in Catalonia to create a municipal station, through the founding of Radio Cuitat. This became a communication channel for all Badalonian people.
The information, the music and especially the sports have been from day one quality the hallmark of the station which has been with local sports broadcasts both the CF Badalona and the Joventut Badalona.
The oldest program is Safari Pop, which is broadcast from 1988.
The programming has always been a current affairs magazine in the morning, with different formats, but focused primarily on the daily development of the information in the city and another in the afternoon, and containing more sociocultural.
Some of Radio Ciutat magazine programs have been:
* Les boges d’abril
* Matins al punt
* Això va així
* Badalona al dia
* L’últim avís
* Bdn
* Truca’m més tard
* 5 minuts més
* Ciutat oberta
# Dante Ambrosio

Dante Lacsamana Ambrosio (July 15, 1951 – June 4, 2011) was a Filipino ethnologist, astronomer, college professor, and activist who was known as the "Father of Philippine Ethnoastronomy".

## Education and career

Ambrosio attended Philippine Science High School. It was during his time at PSHS when he decided to become an activist. However he had to transfer to Tondo High School due to his heart condition. He became involved in the protest against the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos during First Quarter Storm
Ambrosio is also known for his written works which discussed the importance of celestial bodies to various Philippine ethnic groups especially in his 2005 University of the Philippines journal article published at the titled Balatik: Katutubong Bituin ng mga Pilipino. His research found that Orion and the Pleiades are locally known as Balatik and Moroporo respectively. He has looked on studies by foreigners on Philippine anthro-astronomical studies dating back as early as the 1950s
# Carnival of Awussu

The Carnival of Awussu, or in French carnaval d'Aoussou, is an annual festive and cultural event that unfolds each 24th of July in Sousse, Tunisia.
It's a parade of symbolic chariots, fanfares and folk groups from Tunisia and elsewhere which takes place near the beach of Boujaafar, at the eve of the beginning of 'Awussu (The word designating the heat wave of the month of August according to the Berber calendar). Originally it was a Pagan feast (Neptunalia) celebrating the god of the seas, Neptune in the Roman province of Africa, and might even go back to Phoenician times : the appellation Awussu is a possible deformation of Oceanus. The cult transformed as time unfold and lost all religious connotations. In the modern era, prior to the Tunisian revolution, the festival was used for political propaganda.
In 2014, it was canceled for organizational and financial reasons, but celebrations of the festival resumed in 2015.
# Bougaâ District

Bougaâ District is a district of Sétif Province, Algeria.
The district is further divided into 3 municipalities:
* Aïn Roua
* Beni Hocine
* Bougaa
# Dhanapala

Dhanapala is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Dhanapala Attygalle, Ceylonese lawyer
* Dhanapala Udawaththa, Sri Lankan singer
* Dhanapala Weerasekera (1924–2011), Ceylonese politician
* D. B. Dhanapala (1905–1971), Sri Lankan journalist
* Jayantha Dhanapala (1938–2023), Sri Lankan diplomat
* Thiran Dhanapala (born 1996), Sri Lankan cricketer
# Thomas Gamble (mayor)

Thomas Gamble Jr. (March 16, 1868 – July 13, 1945) was an American historian and a politician from Georgia, United States. He was Mayor of Savannah and was a Democrat.

## Background

Thomas Gamble who was a Newspaperman, six-term Mayor of Savannah, Mayor of Savannah Beach, Historical Researcher and Writer, the father of Armstrong Junior College, a Publisher, a Husband, a Father, a decorated Chevalier Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, a recipient of a bronze medallion from the LS. Pulaski Sesqui-centennlal commission, a recipient of the Lucas Cup trophy and member of various other notable civic and social societies, commissions and boards. He was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1868 and died in 1945 after adopting Savannah as his home in 1888. He published a number of history books, including A History of the City Government of Savannah, Ga. (1901) and Savannah's Duels and Duelists, (1927).

## Political career

Gamble served as Mayor of Tybee Beach and Secretary to the Mayor of Savannah, until he became Savannah's chief executive. He ran for Mayor of Savannah in 1932 and won the election. He took office in early 1933 and was re-elected in 1934, serving until 1937. He did not run for re-election in 1936, but was returned to office in 1938 and was re-elected in 1940, 1942 and 1944.

## Death

Gamble died in office at Signal Mountain, Tennessee on July 13, 1945 of coronary thrombosis at the age of 77. He was succeeded by Peter Roe Nugent.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bazemore, Russell William (1988-11-16). "A Biography of the Life of Thomas Gamble | Savannah Biographies | Special Collections at Lane Library (Armstrong) | Georgia Southern University". digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
* ↑ Savannah Morning News, December 14, 1932
* ↑ Savannah Morning News, July 26, 1945
* ↑ "Savannah Mayor's Rites Set Today". The Columbus Ledger. July 15, 1945 – via Newspapers.com.
# Schistura alticrista

Schistura alticrista is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Schistura. This stone loach has only been recorded in the basin of the Nam Mae Yuam, a tributary of the Salween River in Mae Hong Son Province, north west Thailand. It has been reported that this species has been recorded in the Salween mainstream near the inflow of the Nam Mae Yuam. The habitat from which the species has been collected is small streams over a substrate of pebbles. This fish is harvested by subsistence fisheries. Species in the genus Schistura are omnivores although the majority of their diet is animal matter such as zooplankton, insects, worms and crustaceans with small amounts of plant material and detritus. S. alticrista is occasionally traded in the aquarium trade.
# Aix-en-Issart

Aix-en-Issart (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. A place named in Ascio is mentioned as early as 800 AD while during the Middle Ages the place used to be called Rodenaken by Flemish speaking people.

## Geography

A small village situated some 5 miles(7 km) east of Montreuil-sur-Mer, at the D149 and D129 crossroads, by the banks of the small river Bras de Bronne, a tributary of the Canche.

## Notable person

Jean de Beaurain (1696–1771), geographer, was born in Aix-en-Issart.
# 2008 hurricane season

2008 hurricane season may refer to:
* the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
* the 2008 Pacific hurricane season
In sports:
# Salomon Sweers

Salomon Sweers (15 June 1611 in Nijmegen – 2 March 1674 in Amsterdam) was a bookkeeper and a counsel for the Dutch East India Company. His younger brother was Admiral Isaac Sweers employed by the Admiralty of Amsterdam.

## Early life

Salomon Sweers was the son of Aernout Sweerts, a member of the vroedschap, and Alida van Bronckhorst. In 1628 the family moved to Amsterdam, when his father became a representative in the East India Company.

## East India period

Seventeen-year-old Salomon joined the East India Company VOC as a clerk. In 1632 Sweers left for the East, under the command of Antonie van Diemen, who protected him.
In 1638 in Batavia he married Catharina Jans, a widow from Hoorn. Together they paid a visit to their homeland. In 1640 he undertook a second journey to Batavia, being appointed to the Council of India.
Together with Antonie van Diemen, Cornelis Witsen, Cornelis van der Lijn and Joan Maetsuycker, Sweers was involved in the two expeditions of Abel Tasman. Tasman named several islands after members of the Council, as here can be seen. In 1646 he left Batavia again, after being accused of "private trade". Frederick Coyett took charge of his goods.

## Later life

In 1649 Sweers bought a house on next to Johannes van Rensselaer, Patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck in the New Netherlands. In 1653 he became involved in the upbringing of Jacques Specx's children.
In 1661 his wife died. In 1662 he remarried Elisabeth Bicker, a daughter of Andries Bicker. Four years later he remarried a widow in Rotterdam.

## Legacy

Sweers Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria (17°06′08″S 139°37′08″E﻿ / ﻿17.1022°S 139.6188°E﻿ / -17.1022; 139.6188﻿ (Sweers Island)) was named by Matthew Flinders in 1802, a name it still carries. Flinders gave it this name as an honour to the Dutch who had been there before him, and hence this eight by two kilometre island is indeed named after Salomon Sweers.
The Sweers Islands in van Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) were named by Abel Tasman in November 1642, but the exact location of these islands remains unknown. Tasman also named 'Salomon Suwers (Sweers) hoeck' or Salomon Sweers Cape on the northern coast of Lavongai (New Hanover) in the Bismarck Archipelago, north-east of Papua New Guinea during the 1642 journey, and in 1644 Tasman named the Sweers River in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia. This river's probable location is Investigator Road (in which case it was not a river), the strait between Bentinck and Sweers Island, two of the South Wellesley Islands. None of these names are in use today.
# Alexander Hogarty

Alexander "Joe" Hogarty was an American football player and coach, as well as a collegiate basketball coach and athletic director.

## Bethany College

Hogarty served as the head football coach at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia in 1913.

## Duquesne University

Hogarty served as the head men's basketball coach (1913–1914) and athletic director at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Professional football

Hogarty spent one season playing for the Dayton Triangles of the Ohio League in 1918. He played both quarterback and halfback.
In October 1918, he accepted a position as athletic director at Camp Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky.
# Daniel Smith (artist)

Daniel Smith is an American painter who resides in Bozeman, Montana. He is known best for his realistic wildlife portrayals.

## Biography

In 1988, Smith won the US Federal Duck Stamp with a painting of a snow goose.

## Legacy

Painting full-time for over twenty years, the artist's works are in collections including The Hiram Blauvelt Art Museum, Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, and The Wildlife Experience. Smith is in the annual Western Visions exhibit at the National Museum of Wildlife Art and Masters of the American West exhibit at the Autry National Center. He has been awarded by the Society of Animal Artists. Through his art, the artist endorses and aids many conservation efforts. Nature is the sole inspiration for his fruitful career.
# Castaibert II

The Castaibert II was Pablo Castaibert's second aircraft, powered by a 25 hp (19 kW) Anzani 24.5hp 3-cyl fan engine and reached 46.5 miles per hour (75 km/h). After building a Demoisselle style monoplane, which was unsuccessful, Castaibert built a Bleriot style monoplane which was successfully flown.

## Specifications (Castaibert II)

Data from
General characteristics
* Length: 8.15 m (26 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 19.138 m$^2$ (206.00 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 320 kg (705 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Anzani 3-cylinder air-cooled fan engine, 19 kW (25 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 75 km/h (47 mph, 40 kn)
# Ann Finkbeiner

Ann Finkbeiner is a science writer who has contributed to various publications including Scientific American, Nature, Science, Hakai Magazine, Quanta Magazine, Discover, Sky & Telescope, and Astronomy.

## Finkbeiner test

The Finkbeiner test is named after her. The test is a checklist to help science journalists avoid gender bias in articles about women in science. Finkbeiner is an English major, and for 20 years taught and directed a graduate science-writing program at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Career

Finkbeiner has written columns for USA Today and Defense Technology International (now defunct) and her book reviews have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, and Nature.
Finkbeiner is a co-proprietor of the science blog The Last Word on Nothing.

## Books

* A Grand and Bold Thing.
* The Jasons.
* After the Death of a Child.

## Articles

* Ann Finkbeiner, "Orbital Aggression: How do we prevent war in space?", Scientific American, vol. 323, no. 5 (November 2020), pp. 50–57.
# Kito, Tokushima

Kitō (木頭村, Kitō-son) was a village located in Naka District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,743 and a density of 7.47 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 233.44 km$^2$.
On March 1, 2005, Kitō, along with the towns of Aioi, Kaminaka and Wajiki, and the village of Kisawa (all from Naka District), was merged to create the city of Naka.
# 2008 in Antarctica

Events from the year 2008 in Antarctica

## Events

* January - The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists, led by Hugh Corr and David Vaughan, reported (in the journal Nature Geoscience) that 2,000 years ago, a volcano erupted under Antarctica's ice sheet (based on airborne survey with radar images).
* February 7: A NASA team embarks on a mission to Lake Untersee, searching for extremophiles in its highly alkaline waters.
# STAG1

Cohesin subunit SA-1 (SA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAG1 gene. SA1 is a subunit of the Cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. In somatic cells cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2 whereas in meiosis, cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1B, REC8 and SA3. There is a nonprofit community formed for those with a STAG1 Gene mutation at www.stag1gene.org.

## Structure

SA1 is one of three human homologues of the yeast protein Scc3 which is a core subunit of the cohesin complex (the three human paralogues are SA1, SA2 and SA3). SA1 and SA2 are expressed in somatic cells whereas SA3 is the main SA paralogue in meiotic cells. In humans, SA2 has been shown to be more abundant than SA1; however, in other cell types, SA1 is the dominant form.
SA1 stably binds to cohesin via the RAD21 subunit and functions as a platform for other regulatory subunits. The sequences of SA1 and SA2 are 75% conserved. They demonstrate a distinction between the N-terminal region and the C-terminal region. SA1 has an evident AT-hook at the N-terminal region.

## Function

SA1 has roles in regulating both cohesin loading and release. SA1 functions specifically in telomere cohesion.
In mice, SA1 is required for embryonic development and has been shown to be lethal if not expressed.
# 2011 Barcelona Ladies Open

The 2011 Barcelona Ladies Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 5th edition of the Barcelona Ladies Open, and an International-level tournament on the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tennis de la Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from April 25 through May 1, 2011.

## Entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Marion Bartoli | 12 | 1 |
| ROU | Alexandra Dulgheru | 28 | 2 |
| BUL | Tsvetana Pironkova | 35 | 3 |
| RUS | Ekaterina Makarova | 38 | 4 |
| ITA | Sara Errani | 41 | 5 |
| ITA | Roberta Vinci | 42 | 6 |
| CZE | Iveta Benešová | 44 | 7 |
| ESP | Lourdes Domínguez Lino | 45 | 8 |
| CZE | Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová | 47 | 9 |
* Rankings are as of April 18, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Marion Bartoli
* Nuria Llagostera Vives
* María-Teresa Torró-Flor
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Estrella Cabeza Candela
* Chang Kai-chen
* Zuzana Kučová
* Silvia Soler Espinosa
The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot:
* Maria Elena Camerin
* Jamie Hampton

### Withdrawals

* Timea Bacsinszky (ankle injury)
* Lourdes Domínguez Lino (foot injury)

## Champions
### Singles

Roberta Vinci def. Lucie Hradecká, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
* It was Vinci's 1st title of the year and 4th of her career. It was her 2nd win at the event, also winning in 2009.

### Doubles

Iveta Benešová / Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová def. Natalie Grandin / Vladimíra Uhlířová, 5–7, 6–4, [11–9]
# Castagnoli, Gaiole in Chianti

Castagnoli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Gaiole in Chianti, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 86.
# Silvano Beltrametti

Silvano Beltrametti (born 22 March 1979) is a former Swiss alpine skier, and was one of the young, promising downhill racers of Switzerland. Beltrametti is now unable to walk due to vertebral column injuries suffered in a World Cup racing accident on December 8, 2001, in Val d'Isère. His accident led to the introduction of the blue lines in ski competitions, which lead the way to the next poles.
# Derryneill

Derryneill (from Irish Doire Néill, meaning 'Niall's oak-wood') is a townland of 1,049 acres in County Down, Northern Ireland, near to Leitrim, County Down. It is situated in the civil parish of Drumgooland and the historic barony of Iveagh Upper, Lower Half. Derryneill is mainly made up of small rocky drumlins.

## History

In 1609 Derryneill was part of the holding of Ballyward held by Shane McEvard.
# Emperor Zhi

The Emperor Zhi (simplified Chinese: 帝挚; traditional Chinese: 帝摯, Dì Zhì; fl. c. 2366 – c. 2358 BC) was a legendary emperor of ancient China.

## Legend

Zhi is recorded as one of the quasihistorical prehistoric rulers of ancient China between the mythological era of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and the firmly historical Zhou. His title di is usually translated into English as emperor but was shared by Shangdi, the "high god" of the earliest known Chinese writing. Much later Chinese historians like Sima Qian reported the surviving accounts that Zhi was a son of Emperor Ku, succeeding him for nine years roughly placed between 2366 and 2358 BC.
The Annals of the Five Emperors in Sima's Records of the Grand Historian say that Zhi reigned badly but was succeeded by his younger half-brother Fang Xun, who as King Yao became proverbial for the wisdom and success of his rule.
According to the Bamboo Annals written earlier but rediscovered later, a descendant of Shennong named Shu Qi attempted to rebel upon the death of the Emperor Zhuanxu. Gao Xin, the prince of Xin and descendant of the Yellow Emperor, defeated him and established himself as Emperor Ku. In the 45th year of Ku's reign, he named his son Prince Yao of Tang as his successor but, upon his death in the 63rd year of his reign, the older son Ku took the through instead. The Bamboo Annals agree that Zhi ruled for nine years but states that he was then deposed and replaced by his brother Yao.