OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rudranath Indarsingh

Rudranath Indarsingh is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian politician serving Couva South in the House of Representatives in the Trinidad and Tobago Parliament.

## Political career

Indarsingh served in the 8th Republican Parliament for one day, 29 Oct 2002 – 30 Oct 2002 to participate in the Budget Debate of 2002. On 28 May 2010 he was elected to the 10th Republican Parliament for Couva South and became Minister of State in the Ministry of Works and Transport.
On 17 Jan 2011 he became Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour and Small and Micro Enterprise Development. On 27 Jun 2011 he became Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance and the Economy. On 4 Jul 2012 he became an Opposition member. He was reelected on 23 Sep 2015 to the 11th Republican Parliament. He served as an Opposition member in the 12th Republican Parliament and was reelected on 19 Aug 2020.

## Committees

In the 10th Republican Parliament he was on seven committees: Regulations, Public Accounts (Enterprises), Joint Select, Regulations, Statutory Instruments, Public Administration and Appropriations, and Standing Finance.
In the 11th Republican Parliament, he served on seven committees, including Standing, Statutory Instruments, and Privileges.
He serves on 6 committees on the 12th Republican Parliament: State Enterprises, Standing FInance, Statutory Instruments, and Social Services and Public Administration.
He served as President General of ATSGWTU, a trade union from 1999 to 2012.
# Birdsall House

Birdsall House is an English country house in Birdsall, North Yorkshire. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The house dates from the late 16th century but was remodelled in 1749 with addition of second storey (third floor) to the main range. A wing was added in 1776 and a matching right wing added in 1872.
It is constructed in ashlar with Welsh slate roofs. The central range is a 3-storey, 5-bay building connected to outlying 2-storey 2-bay side wings by single cell units. The house was the first house in England to benefit from a private gas system.

## History

The site of the house and its parkland was a monastery estate prior to the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII and the original Tudor house was built for the Sotheby family. After Elizabeth Sotherby married Thomas Willoughby the couple converted the house into the larger Georgian style house of today. The estate duly passed into the ownership of the Willoughby family, passing first to Thomas' son Henry, who afterwards inherited from his cousin the title of 5th Baron Middleton, together with other estates at Middleton and Wollaton Park, where he actually chose to live.
The 8th Baron Middleton, however, chose to live at Birdsall, employing the architect Anthony Salvin to extend the house and eventually dying there in 1877. His son, the 9th Baron likewise preferred Birdsall and likewise died there in 1922. In 1923 the family sold the Middleton and Wollaton estates and thus made Birdsall the sole family seat, which it has remained ever since. James and Cara Willoughby and their family still live and work at Birdsall, using parts of the house and grounds as a luxury wedding and event venue. In 2024, the family completed a renovation of the old Victorian Kitchens into an exclusive event venue.
# 6th Madras Native Infantry

The 6th Madras Native Infantry could refer to the:
* 1st Battalion which became the 66th Punjabis
* 2nd Battalion which became the 74th Punjabis
# 2013–14 Hamilton Academical F.C. season

The 2013–14 season was Hamilton Academical's first season in the newly formed Scottish Championship and their third consecutive season in the second tier of Scottish football. Hamilton also competed in the League Cup, Scottish Cup and the Challenge Cup.

## Summary
### Season

Hamilton finished second in the Scottish Championship with 67 points. They were promoted to the Scottish Premiership in May 2014 after defeating Hibernian in the premiership play-offs. Hamilton also reached the third rounds of the Scottish Cup and League Cup and the first round of the Challenge Cup.

## Results and fixtures

Win  Draw  Loss  Postponed

### Scottish Cup
## League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Dundee (C, P) | 36 | 21 | 6 | 9 | 54 | 26 | +28 | 69 | Promotion to the Premiership |
| 2 | Hamilton Academical (O, P) | 36 | 19 | 10 | 7 | 68 | 41 | +27 | 67 | Qualification for the Premiership play-off semi-final |
| 3 | Falkirk | 36 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 59 | 33 | +26 | 66 | Qualification for the Premiership play-off quarter-final |
| 4 | Queen of the South | 36 | 16 | 7 | 13 | 53 | 39 | +14 | 55 | Qualification for the Premiership play-off quarter-final |
| 5 | Dumbarton | 36 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 65 | 64 | +1 | 51 | |

### Division summary

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
| Ground | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H |
| Result | W | W | W | W | D | W | L | W | D | D | W | W | W | L | L | D | L | W | W | D | L | D | L | W | W | W | D | W | W | W | D | D | D | W | L | W |
| Position | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
# Advent Corporation

Advent Corporation was a consumer audio and video hardware company founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts by Henry Kloss in 1967. It closed in 1981.

## Naming

The name came from the legal description the advent corporation used in the incorporation documents as a placeholder name before the actual name was selected.

## Products

Around 1968, Kloss quit KLH to develop a low-cost projection television, but had trouble financing the leading-edge research and development that was still required. To earn some money, he decided to build a high-performance low-cost dual driver speaker system with 10-inch (25 cm) woofer called simply The Advent Loudspeaker (later given the retronym the Larger Advent, after introduction of The Smaller Advent Loudspeaker). It rivaled the sound of the then top-line AR Model 3a (which used three drivers and a 12-inch (30 cm) woofer), but only cost about half as much.
Advent produced a number of different versions of the 2-way Advent, including the Advent Loudspeaker, the Smaller Advent Loudspeaker, the "New" Advent Loudspeaker, Advent/2, Advent/3, 4000 series, and 5000 series, to name a few. They were usually offered in both wood veneer and vinyl-covered "utility" cabinet versions, which other than appearance were acoustically identical.
The popularity of the Advent Loudspeaker overshadowed any other Advent products, even the eventually released first video projector for home, Advent VideoBeam 1000.
Kloss then resumed work on increasing the fidelity of cassette tapes, a format that had originally been developed to be used only for voice dictation. The original Advent 200 model, launched in 1970, had exhibited mechanical problems and was quickly replaced by Advent 201 in 1971, incorporating Dolby B noise reduction (for both recording and playback), along with chromium dioxide tape in the first popular high fidelity cassette deck. Advent 201 was a "game changer":Stereo Review had found that it can successfully compete against more expensive reel-to-reel decks. Commercially it was not as successful as the loudspeakers were, but was manufactured for few years.
In 1972, the VideoBeam was finally released, the first large-screen projection television for home use. In 1977, Kloss founded Kloss Video Corporation (KVC) as a spin-off company. He invented the Novatron tube there, which increased the efficiency of projection TVs.

## Financial issues and closure

Advent continued to concentrate on low-cost high-performance consumer audio products. Eventually, long after Kloss' departure, Advent ran into hard times. Citing high labor costs, it closed its Cambridge factory in 1979, laying off most of its 650 workers, and moved production to New Hampshire. It did not thrive, and never emerged from a bankruptcy declared in March 1981. KVC passed on reacquiring the (by then) New Hampshire-based brand, which was later merged into Jensen Electronics, which in turn was acquired by Audiovox in 2004. KVC ran into increasing competition from Japanese manufacturers entering the now-proven market for large-format consumer TVs, eventually selling its assets and shutting down.
# About Us (novel)

About Us is a novel by the American writer Chester Aaron set in 1930s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
It tells the story of the Kahns, a Jewish family who run a small general store in the fictional village of Sundown, a coal patch in Butler County, Pennsylvania outside of Pittsburgh. The protagonist is Benny Kahn, age eight when the novel begins, and his coming-of-age is sketched against the backdrop of the events of Great Depression through World War II.
# Southern California Community Choir

The Southern California Community Choir is a choir founded by the Rev. James Cleveland.
It has appeared on several recordings, including by artists such as Aretha Franklin, Kansas, Elton John and Arlo Guthrie. It performed on several episodes of TV Gospel Time in the early 1960s, and in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers.
The choir appears in the 2018 concert film Amazing Grace featuring Aretha Franklin recording her 1972 live album of the same name.

## Awards

The Choir has received the following awards:
* Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance (1975)

## Discography

* 1972: Amazing Grace - Aretha Franklin
* 1974: Arlo Guthrie
* 1976: Blue Moves - Elton John
* 1988: In the Spirit of Things - Kansas
# Birtsmorton

Birtsmorton is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills of Worcestershire, England, which at the 2021 census had a population of 257. It is in the south-west of the county, not far from the borders with Herefordshire and Gloucestershire.

## History

The church is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul and dates from the 14th century. There is a large manor house, Birtsmorton Court, which is used today as a wedding venue. It was the home for many centuries of the Nanfan family, some of whose tombs are in the church.
In 1703, the Rev. Samuel Juice, a former rector, endowed a village school in Rye Street.
Birtsmorton was the birthplace of the chairmaker Philip Clissett who lived in the parish from his birth in 1817 until about 1842.

## Toponymy

The village belonged to the Le Bret family from the 12th century onwards. Bret means Breton. The same family name is associated with Westonbirt House near Tetbury, Gloucestershire.
# Spadefoot

Spadefoot may refer to the following toads:
* Scaphiopodidae, a family, the American spadefoot toads
* Megophrys edwardinae, Edwardina's spadefoot toad, a species of southeast Asia
* Notaden, a genus, the Australian spadefoot toads
* Pelobatidae, a family with one extant genus, Pelobates, the European spadefoot toads
# Ricola macrops

Ricola macrops is the only species of the monotypic genus Ricola, a genus of the family Loricariidae of catfish (order Siluriformes).
Ecological and behavioral data are unavailable for this species. This species is native to Argentina and Uruguay where it occurs in the lower Paraná River basin. R. macrops probably inhabits sandy substrates with flowing waters. R. macrops reaches a length of 21.0 centimetres (8.3 in) SL.
It shares features with representatives of different groups within Loricariini. For example, it possesses conspicuous fringed barbels on the lower lip, a feature shared by the representatives of the Pseudohemiodon group. It also bears numerous papillae on the inner surfaces of the lips and numerous straight bicuspid teeth that are characteristic of the Rineloricaria group.
# Sidi Aïssa District

Ouled Sidi Brahim district is an Algerian administrative district in the M'Sila province. Its capital is the town of Sidi Aïssa.

## Communes

The district is composed of three communes.
* Sidi Aïssa
* Bouti Sayah
* Beni Ilmane
# Advent City

Advent City is an abandoned coal mining settlement located on the east side of Adventfjorden on the island of Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It was founded in the early 20th century and was the first year-round mining village in Svalbard. The village was situated on a fell field with a High Arctic tundra vegetation grazed by Svalbard reindeer and geese and dominated by mountain avens (Dryas octopetala), polar willow (Salix polaris), mosses and lichens. Today, the mine has caved in and Advent City only consists of ruins, the only visible remains being the building foundations. Most of the former buildings, however, are still present in their original state at Hiorthhamn (Moskushamn). In 2019, a team of archeologists made a 3D reconstruction of Advent City in its heyday.
Advent City was a coal mining camp operated by the Spitzbergen Coal & Trading Co., Ltd, based in Sheffield, United Kingdom. After the discovery of a seam of Early Cretaceous coal in 1901, a coal claim was staked out by the Norwegian A/S Bergen-Spitsbergen Kulgrubekompani. The mining activity started in 1903 and the first structures appeared, which included a small smithy, a kitchen and a mess tent. Additional buildings and structures, including a bakery and two streets, followed in 1905 after the Spitzbergen Coal & Trading Co. had taken over the mine in 1904.
Advent City had c. 100 inhabitants from 1904 to 1908. The small coal mine was, however, unprofitable due to, among other factors, the disappointing quality of the coal, the poor working conditions in an exposed environment, and the differences in language and culture between the British management and the Scandinavian workers. Advent City was abandoned in 1908. Unpaid guards confiscated portable possessions and a neighbouring mine salvaged some machinery and buildings. All remaining buildings were moved to Hiorthhamn in 1916 and 1917.
The human activity at Advent City was short but intensive and with significant local environmental pressure. The settlement and mine changed the local landscape. The inhabitants hunted and fowled, disposed waste, and imported non-native animals and plants. After a hundred years after the abandonment of the settlement and mine, ground clearances, animal dung and waste dumps continue to have an effect on landscape and vegetation. Dung and waste dumps are highly eutrophic and are still unsuitable for liverworts and lichens. A reduction of the natural patchiness of the tundra vegetation can also be observed. However, despite these effects on the vegetation, the impact of Advent City is mainly restricted to the visual impact of its ruins on the landscape.
# Boojum

Boojum may refer to:
* A fictional animal species in Lewis Carroll's nonsense poem The Hunting of the Snark; a particularly dangerous kind of snark
* Jud Wilson (Jud "Boojum" Wilson), American baseball player
* Boojum (superfluidity), a phenomenon in physics associated with superfluid helium-3
* Boojum tree or cirio of the Baja California peninsula in Mexico
* SSM-A-5 Boojum, a planned, but never completed, supersonic version of the SM-62 Snark, an intercontinental cruise missile
* Boojum (restaurant), a chain of Mexican restaurants in Ireland
# Swati Mia Saini

Swati Maria Saini, popularly known as Mia Saini, is a financial journalist and video host who has also interned for CNBC and worked as a freelance reporter for TheStreet.com. She is currently a Hong Kong–based reporter for Bloomberg Television, having joined the network in June 2011, and covers business, economics, and global markets. As of December 2014, she was listed as a former reporter on the Bloomberg terminal system. Previously she was an anchor/reporter for Forbes Video Network, covering markets, business, economic and political news, and a video host for MBA Pod TV on www.MBAPodcaster.com
Prior to Harvard Business School she worked on the trading floor at Goldman Sachs and as a freelance TV reporter for Jim Cramer's website, TheStreet.com. She is an alumna of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and has an MBA from Harvard Business School (HBS). Mia writes her own column "Money with Mia" for HBS's newspaper Harbus and has interviewed numerous CEOS and money managers including President of BlackRock, President of Lloyds, and Former Merrill Lynch CEO, John Thain. She also anchors HBS TV Market Minute with Mia Saini , now called H-Biz Tonight which features short daily reports from the financial markets
Mia has won numerous awards including being chosen as a Truman Scholar recipient, and as Glamour Magazine's Top 10 College Woman, winning the 1st place prize for community service. She is originally from Tracy, California.
# Special Economic Zones (Nepal)

Special Economic Zones is a set of geographic areas inside Nepal that have been allocated to promote and diversify the export based industries. It was conceptualized by Nepal Government in 2013 and laws were formulated in 2016 in the form of Special Economic Zone Act (2016). The laws were subsequently revised in 2019. The industries inside the Special Economic Zones are given various facilities and in return they have to commit to export a minimum of 60% of their production to the foreign market.

## Background

The trade deficit was gradually increasing in Nepal, which is the main reason for setting up the zones.
In the eighth five-year plan (1992–97), Nepal formulated policies to reduce the deficit by introduction of various policies that would directly or indirectly help to promote exports and establishment of industries. These policies included environment, investment, transit and logistics, transport and trade facilitation. In 2000 AD, the first zone was established in Bhairahawa to manufacture mineral-based products and kitchen utensils. Later, an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was established in Simara mainly to process garment.

## Key features

* The zones are regulated by the Special Economic Zone's Authority with their own set of rights and regulations.
* The industries are allowed to sell 100% of the production or service inside Nepali for the first year. From the second year, the export has to be 60%. The export was 75% in the initial act and was revised later on the request of enterpruners.
* The infrastructural setup inside zones is taken care by the Nepal Government. Facilities such as road, electricity, water and others amenities are maintained as well.
* The industries have to rent the land inside the zone for their industries. The rental charge depends on the place. For instance, the monthly rental charge at Bhairahawa is NPR 20 (US$0.2) per square meter.
* The industries inside the zone are exempted from the Custom duties, VAT and other taxes.

## Locations

The zones are located in following areas:
| Province | Location | Allocated area (Bigha) |
| Koshi | Damak, Jhapa | 2600 |
| Madhesh | Murtiha, Sarlahi | 1565 |
| Bagmati | Mayurdhap, Makawanpur | 300 |
| Gandaki | Chyalingtar, Gorkha | 300 |
| Lumbini | Motipur (Rupendehi), Naubasta (Banke), Dharna and Laxmipur (Dang) | 1,877 |
| Karnali | Surkhet | 1,000 |
| Sudur Pachhim | Daiji, Kanchanpur | 900 |
# Setrobuvir

Setrobuvir (also known as ANA-598) was an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C that was discovered at Anadys Pharmaceuticals, which was acquired by Roche in 2011; Roche terminated development in July 2015. It was in Phase IIb clinical trials, used in combination with interferon and ribavirin, targeting hepatitis C patients with genotype 1.
Setrobuvir works by inhibiting the hepatitis C enzyme NS5B, an RNA polymerase.
# 450 Park Avenue

450 Park Avenue (also known as Franklin National Bank Building) is an office building on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The building has 33 floors and is 390 feet (120 m) tall.
450 Park Avenue has a steel skeleton with concrete floors. The exterior is dominated by black granite and glass. The building was designed by Emery Roth & Sons and developed by Peter Sharp. Adjacent to the building is a public plaza, a privately owned public space, with benches.

## History

In June 2002, 450 Park Avenue was purchased by Taconic Investment Partners. That company spent around $13 million on renovating the lobby, replacing the elevators, and redesigning public areas.
Five years later, in June 2007, Somerset Partners bought 450 Park Avenue for $509 million, or $1,566 per square foot ($16,860/m$^2$). This made it the highest price per square foot paid for an office building at the time in the United States. To pay for the building, Somerset Partners signed a $175 million loan. In mid-2008, Somerset Partners also moved its head office to the building.
On October 30, 2010, a brand of the Phillips de Pury auction house opened on the first three floors of 450 Park Avenue. The first auction was held on November 8 of that year. The auction house covers an area of almost 334,000 sq ft (31,030 m$^2$).
In February 2014, 450 Park Avenue was sold to Crown Acquisitions and Oxford Properties for $545 million.

## Location

450 Park Avenue is located in Midtown Manhattan on Park Avenue between East 56th Street and East 57th Street. There are four New York City Subway stations in the immediate vicinity of the tower: 57th Street (F and <F> train), Fifth Avenue–59th Street (N, ​R, and ​W trains), Fifth Avenue/53rd Street (E and ​M trains). and Lexington Avenue–59th Street (4, ​5, ​6, <6>​, N, ​R, and ​W trains).
450 Park Avenue borders two buildings, including 432 Park Avenue to the southwest and a branch of Turbull & Asser to the west. On the other side of East 57th Street is the Davies Building and on the other side of Park Avenue is 445 Park Avenue. Other striking buildings in the immediate vicinity of 450 Park Avenue are Trump Tower, Four Seasons Hotel New York, Sony Tower, and the General Motors Building.
# 886 Washingtonia

886 Washingtonia is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 16 November 1917, from Washington, D.C., and is named after the 1st President of the United States, George Washington.

## Discovery circumstances

Credit for the discovery of 886 Washingtonia has been given to George Peters of the US Naval Observatory, who was the first to report it. The object was, however, observed four days earlier by Margaret Harwood, who was advised not to report it as a new discovery because "it was inappropriate that a woman should be thrust into the limelight with such a claim". The first woman to be credited with the discovery of a minor planet was Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn, eleven years later.
# Sevenia garega

Sevenia garega, the montane tree nymph, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, north-western Tanzania, northern Zambia and Mozambique. The habitat consists of forests and woodland.
Adults are attracted to fermenting fruit.
The larvae feed on Sapium mannicum.
# Sevenia natalensis

Sevenia natalensis, the Natal tree nymph, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae found in southeastern Africa.
Wingspan: 40–48 mm.
Flight period year round, peaking between February and May.
Larvae feed of Sapium reticulatum and Sapium integerrimum.
# Sevenia benguelae

Sevenia benguelae is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania (from the western part of the country to the Kigoma district), the Republic of the Congo, the central and western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, western Zambia and Namibia. The habitat consists of savanna woodland.
Adults are attracted to fermenting fruit.
The larvae feed on Maprounea africana.