OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atlantic School of Osteopathy

Atlantic School of Osteopathy was a school of osteopathy founded in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania in 1898. It moved to Buffalo, New York in 1904 and in 1905 merged into the American School of Osteopathy in Kirksville, Missouri, which is now known as A.T. Still University.

## History

In 1898, Dr. Schuyler C. Mathews and Dr. Virgil A. Hook recruited several influential philanthropists, formed an organization, and then received a charter for the Atlantic School of Osteopathy on February 21, 1899. The first presidents of the school were "Dr. V. A. Hook, Mr. J. C. Bell, and Dr. [John] W. Banning" and the first term began in February 1899. Dr. William Smith, a Scottish physician, briefly served as president in 1900.
The school was originally located in the Simon Long Building in Wilkes-Barre until the school purchased and remodeled the Central Methodist Episcopal Church in that same city. In 1904, the school moved to Buffalo, New York. In 1905, the Buffalo Municipal Court issued a warrant for Banning's arrest due to his issuing diplomas without approval from the state board of regents.
By 1906, the Atlantic School of Osteopathy merged with the American School of Osteopathy.
* Advertisement for the Atlantic School of Osteopathy in Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania (1900) with Matthews & Hook Infirmary shown at bottom of building with Atlantic School of Osteopathy labeled at the top
* Advertisement for the Atlantic School of Osteopathy from The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, Volume 4 (1905)
# Sodium chloroacetate

Sodium chloroacetate is the organic compound with the formula CH$_2$ClCO$_2$Na. A white, water-soluble solid, it is the sodium salt of chloroacetic acid. Many of its uses are similar to those of the parent acid. It is prepared by treating chloroacetic acid with sodium carbonate.

## Uses

Chloroacetate is a good alkylating agent, serving as a reagent for affixing the -CH$_2$CO$_2$$^−$ group to a wide variety of even weak nucleophiles.
In terms of practical, commercial uses, it is used to convert cellulose to carboxymethylcellulose. It is a precursor to many herbicides dimethoate and benazoline (the salt itself is also used as a contact herbicide). It is a precursor to thioglycolic acid by reaction with sodium hydrosulfide. Reaction with cyanide salts gives cyanoacetate NCCH$_2$CO$_2$Na. Cyanoacetate is a precursor to malonic acid.
Sodium chloroacetate is a common laboratory reagent in organic chemistry as illustrated by many entries in the book series Organic Syntheses. With bifunctional nucleophiles, sodium chloroacetate is a precursor to heterocycles.
Reaction with sodium nitrite give nitroacetic acid. With sodium ethoxide it gives ethoxyacetate. With ethyl acetoacetate ethyl acetosuccinate is produced.
Hydrolysis gives glycolic acid.
# Sequence (2013 film)

Sequence is a 2013 short fantasy horror film written and directed by Carles Torrens and starring Joe Hursley, Emma Fitzpatrick, and Ronnie Gene Blevins. The film premiered September 6, 2013, at the Los Angeles International Short Film Festival.

## Plot

Billy (Joe Hursley) wakes up one morning only to discover that everyone else in the world had a disturbing nightmare about him the night before. He finds a suspicious note on his car simply saying "You're it" and each person he meets has fearful, strange, or hostile reactions to seeing him in person after their dreams. Billy is unable to find anyone willing to tell him the contents of their dream. After a bitter attack by another, Billy wakes with a start in his own bed and realizes that the day's events were themselves a nightmare of his own, itself shared by everyone else in the world. But the sequence continues.

## Main cast

* Joe Hursley as Billy
* Emma Fitzpatrick as Amy
* Ronnie Gene Blevins as Robber
* Ruben Garfias as Hector
* Jayne Taini as Mrs. Dunbrow
* Meng as Kang
* Frank Alvarez as Jorge
* Richard Chagoury as Denish
* Mel Fair as Anchorman
* Marcus Dunstan as Angry Man
* Ryan King as Sign Spinner
* Richard Elfman as Homeless Guy
* Joe McDougall as Mailman
* Bonnie Forbes as Puking Lady
* Diana Lado as Waitress
* Leslie Ranne as Waitress
* Aesop Aquarian as Bishop O'Shea

## Recognition
### Reception

Variety reported that Sequence "was one of the most-applauded films at October's Sitges", and Twitch Film called the film a "major hit" and a "twisted thriller".

### Partial awards and nominations

* 2013, Won Grand Jury Prize for 'Best Direction' at 24FPS International Short Film Festival for Carles Torrens
* 2013, Won 'Best Actor' at 24FPS International Short Film Festival for Joe Hursley
* 2013, Won 'Best of the Fest Award' at LA Shorts Fest
* 2013, Nominated for Canadian Cinema Editors Award for 'Best Editing in Short Film' for Andrew Coutts
* 2013, Nominated for Maria Award for Best Short Film at Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival
* 2013, Nominated for 'Short Grand Prix' at Warsaw International Film Festival
* 2014, Won International Competition Canal+ Award at Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival
* 2014, Won 'Emerging Cinematographer Award' by International Cinematographers Guild for Kyle Klutz
* 2014, Won Faro de Plata at Festival de Cine de L'Alfàs del Pi
* 2014, Won 'Best Soundtrack' at Semana de Cine de Medina del Campo
* 2014, nominated for Gaudí Award for "Best Short Film" by the Catalan Film Academy
* 2014, nominated for Deadline Award at Landshut Short Film Festival
* 2014, nominated for Silver Biznaga 'Short Films: Special Jury Award' at Málaga Spanish Film Festival
* 2014, Nominated for 'Best Narrative Short' at Tribeca Film Festival
# Rimok station

Ri'mok station is a railway station in Ri'mong-ri, Sep'o county, Kangwŏn province, North Korea, on the Kangwŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.
The station, along with the rest of the former Kyŏngwŏn Line, was opened by the Japanese on 16 August 1914.
# Sarah Matthews

Sarah Matthews may refer to:
* Sarah Matthews (physicist)
* Sarah Matthews (deputy press secretary)
# Senadolice

Senadolice (pronounced) is a small settlement between Senadole and Štorje in the Municipality of Sežana in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
# Princess Catherine

Princess Catherine may refer to:
* Catherine Dolgorukov, Princess Yurievskaya (1847–1922), wife of Tsar Alexander II of Russia
* Catherine Radziwill (1858–1941), wife of Prince Wilhelm Radziwiłł
* Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (1915–2007), daughter of Prince John Constantinovich of Russia
* Princess Catherine of Württemberg (1821–1898), daughter of William I of Württemberg
* Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh (1871–1942), daughter of Duleep Singh
* Catherine, Princess of Asturias (1422–1424), daughter of King John II of Castile
* Princess Catherine Dashkova (1743–1810), wife of Prince Mikhail Dashkov
* Catherine Yurievskaya (1878–1959), daughter of Alexander II of Russia
* Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy (1636–1637), daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
* Catherine of Bosnia (princess) (1453–1???), daughter of King Thomas
* Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (1584–1638), daughter of King Charles IX of Sweden
* Catherine Bagration (1783–1857), daughter of Count Pavel Martinovich Skavronsky
* Catherine Caradja (1893–1993), daughter of Prince Radu Creţulescu
* Catherine Pavlovna of Russia (1788–1819), wife of William I of Württemberg
* Catherine of Brandenburg (1604–1649), daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
* Catherine Stenbock (1535–1621), wife of King Gustav I
* Catherine, Princess of Wales (born 1982), wife of William, Prince of Wales
* Catherine Jagiellon (1526–1583), wife of John III of Sweden
* Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596), daughter of Francis, Duke of Guise
* Catherine, Duchess of Braganza (1540–1614), wife of João I, Duke of Braganza
* Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Villena (1403–1439), wife of Infante Henry of Aragon
* Katherine Tudor (1503–1503), Daughter of Henry VII of England
* Catherine of York (1479–1527), daughter of Edward IV of England
* Katherine of England (1253–1257), daughter of Henry III of England
# SKA Khabarovsk

SKA Khabarovsk may refer to:
* FC SKA-Khabarovsk, a Russian football club
* Amur Khabarovsk, founded as SKA Khabarovsk, a Russian ice hockey team
# QRFP

RF(Arg-Phe)amide family 26 amino acid peptide, also known as P518, is a human protein.
The 26-amino acid RF-amide peptide, P518 functions as a high-affinity ligand of GPR103. Both GPR103 and P518 precursor mRNA exhibited highest expression in brain. The 43-amino acid QRFP peptide, a longer form of the P518 peptide is necessary to exhibit full agonistic activity with GPR103. Intravenous administration QRFP caused release of aldosterone, suggesting that QRFP and GPR103 regulate adrenal function.
# Pánd

Pánd is a village in Pest county, Hungary.

## Location

Pánd is located between the towns of Káva and Tápióbicske along the minor road connecting Nagykáta and Monor. It is almost entirely located in the valleys of Őr Hill and Dobos Hill. A smaller stream crosses the southern part of the settlement that empties into the river Tápió which is part of the Danube's drainage basin.
# Sack of Córdoba

Sack of Córdoba may refer to:
* the sack by the Berbers following the Siege of Córdoba (1009–1013)
* the sack [es] by the French following the Battle of Bailén (1808)
# STARAD

STARAD (STARfish RADiation) was a radiation-monitoring satellite used to track the artificial radiation belt created by the Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test.

## Background

On 9 July 1962, decay of debris the Starfish Prime nuclear test utccreated an unexpected increase in high-energy particles in the Earth's magnetic field. Scientists were not sure how long the radiation and its effects would last. The Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory was asked to design and build STARAD to study the radiation.

## Build and launch

The STARAD vehicle was designed and built in sixty days and was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 26 October 1962. It was equipped with nine radiation-measuring instruments.

## Results

The STARAD data showed that the radiation from the Starfish test was decaying much slower than expected and that there was little decrease in radiation after the satellite's launch. It also detected radiation from two Soviet nuclear tests conducted after its launch. The satellite's spin allowed scientists to measure Pitch angle distributions.
The satellite's existence was kept secret for some time, as were the conclusions that the artificial radiation belt could last ten years or longer. The unfavorable conclusions worsened existing criticism of the Starfish test among the scientific community.
# Puthiya Thalaimurai

Puthiya Thalaimurai is a Tamil magazine published from Chennai, India by New Generation Media. The group also has an English website, The Federal, a digital platform disseminating news, analysis and commentary. It seeks to look at India from the perspective of the states.

## History and profile

Puthiya Thalaimurai was first published in October 2018. The magazine is published on a weekly basis. It mostly publishes articles about education and Tamil Nadu politics.
The magazine awards the best performers in the teaching profession in Tamil Nadu with annual Asiriyar Awards since 2015. The awards are given to teachers who have shown excellence in the categories such as scientific awareness, rural service, girls' education, tribal development, innovation, motivation, language skill development and creativity.
The English news website Federal has launched, state focused website talking about the issues related to the federal structure of the government. They have launched Telangana and Karnataka editions as of April, 2024.

## Controversies
### Bomb attack on Puthiya Thalaimurai office

On 8 March 2015, several protesters attacked a video journalist and broke his equipment outside the Puthiya Thalaimurai office. The protests reportedly started after promos of a show about Mangalsutra was aired on 11 March 2015. The protesters claimed it hurt their religious sentiments. 10 members of the Hindu Munnani outfit were arrested in connection with the incident. Tamilisai Soundararajan the then BJP state president visited the protesters in jail and pledged them her support.
On 12 March 2015, at about 3:00 a.m., four men came on motorcycles and threw two crude bombs stuffed in tiffin boxes into the Puthiya Thalaimurai office. The event was captured on CCTV cameras. No one was said to be injured in the attack. Later the ex-youth president of the right-wing outfit Hindu Makkal Katchi and the current president of Hindu Ilaignar Sena, Pandian surrendered at the court of Madurai. Pandian has been named in a few cases together with an attack on a sub-inspector in Madurai.
# Brookings

Brookings may refer to:

## Organizations

* Brookings Institution, a nonprofit, nonpartisan public policy organization based in Washington, D.C.

## Places

* Brookings, Oregon, USA
* Brookings, South Dakota, USA
* Brookings County, South Dakota, USA

## People

* Brookings (surname)

## Other uses

* Brookings Airport, an airport in Brookings, Oregon
* The Brookings effect, a weather pattern on the Oregon coast
* Brookings Hall the administrative building at Washington University in St. Louis
* Brookings Regional Airport, an airport in Brookings, South Dakota
* The Brookings Report, a 1961 Brookings Institution report on the implications of space travel
# Rhode Island Greening

The 'Rhode Island Greening' is an American apple variety and the official fruit of the state of Rhode Island.

## History

The Rhode Island Greening originated around 1650 near Green's End in Middletown, Rhode Island. The first Greenings were grown by a Mr. Green who operated a tavern and developed apple trees from seed. He gave many scions from the tree to visitors for grafting elsewhere, and the original tree died. The apples became known as "Green's Inn" apples from Rhode Island. One of the oldest surviving trees was located on Mt. Hygeia farm in Foster, Rhode Island at the turn of the 20th century. The Rhode Island Greening was one of the most popular apples grown in New York in the 19th century.

## Characteristics

It is tender, crisp, juicy, and quite tart, and similar to the 'Granny Smith'. It is best suited for baking, though can be fresh eaten after storage. The fruit is large, uniformly round in shape, and flattened on the ends, with a dark, waxy, green skin that turns a greenish-yellow when fully ripe. It ripens from September to October, keeping well into February or longer.
# Rita Larsen

Rita Larsen (born 12 September 1935) is a retired Danish freestyle swimmer. She competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and finished fourth in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, together with Mette Ove-Petersen, Greta Andersen and Ragnhild Hveger.
# Steers (surname)

Steers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred E. Steers (1860–1948), American city magistrate and politician
* Barry Steers (1927–2011), Canadian diplomat
* Burr Steers (born 1965), American actor
* Edward Steers, Jr., American historian
* Edwin K. Steers (1915-1992), American politician
* George Steers (1815–1856), American yacht designer
* Henry Steers, American shipbuilder
* Henry Steers (1832) (1832–1903), American shipbuilder
* Hugh Auchincloss Steers (1963–1995), American painter
* James Alfred Steers (1899–1987), British geographer and author
* James Rich Steers (1808–1896), American yacht builder
* Larry Steers (1888–1951), American actor
* Newton Steers (1917–1993), American Republican politician
* Thomas S. Steers (1804–1884), American police officer
* Thomas Steers (1672–1750), English civil engineer
* William D. Steers (born 1955), American urologist
# Dardan Dehari

Dardan Dehari (born 23 August 1990) is a Macedonian alpine ski racer of Albanian descent.
He competed at the 2015 World Championships in Beaver Creek, USA, in the giant slalom.
# Sandro Damilano

Sandro Damilano (born 24 February 1950) is an Italian athletics coach.
He is the brother of the Italian twin race walker Maurizio and Giorgio, which began to coached in the mid-1970s.

## Biography

He was the coach of the Italy national athletics team until 2011, he coached Italian champion Elisabetta Perrone, Erica Alfridi and after also Alex Schwazer. In 2012 he is the coach of the Chinese national of race walking.
He is one of the coaches of the Saluzzo Race Walking School, created by the town of Saluzzo in 2002, the school is also the center for the diffusion of fitwalking and training center of international race walking.
# 2012 Open Castilla y León

The 2012 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 27th edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Segovia, Spain between 21 and 27 August 2012.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Daniel Gimeno Traver | 110 | 1 |
| ESP | Daniel Muñoz de la Nava | 126 | 2 |
| SRB | Dušan Lajović | 138 | 3 |
| RUS | Evgeny Donskoy | 142 | 4 |
| RUS | Konstantin Kravchuk | 207 | 5 |
| FRA | Kenny de Schepper | 214 | 6 |
| ARG | Facundo Argüello | 229 | 7 |
| ESP | Iván Navarro | 239 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of August 13, 2012.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Andrés Artuñedo Martínavarr
* Carlos Benito Hergueta
* Jorge Hernando Ruano
* Ricardo Villacorta-Alonso
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Marin Draganja
* Cătălin-Ionuț Gârd
* Nikolaus Moser
* Luca Vanni

## Champions
### Singles

* Evgeny Donskoy def. Albano Olivetti, 6–1, 7–6$^{(13–11)}$

### Doubles

* Stefano Ianni / Florin Mergea def. Konstantin Kravchuk / Nikolaus Moser, 6–2, 6–3
# 2012 Open Castilla y León – Doubles

Johan Brunström and Frederik Nielsen were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Stefano Ianni and Florin Mergea won the title by defeating Konstantin Kravchuk and Nikolaus Moser 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Stefano Ianni / Florin Mergea (champions)
* Olivier Charroin / Purav Raja (quarterfinals)
* Marin Draganja / Lovro Zovko (semifinals)
* Rameez Junaid / Philipp Marx (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | S Ianni F Mergea | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Diez D Lajović | 2 | 1 | | 1 | S Ianni F Mergea | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Jorge Hernando Ruano Ricardo Villacorta-Alonso | 4 | 6 | [7] | | A Dăescu A Motti | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Dăescu A Motti | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | 1 | S Ianni F Mergea | 6 | 3 | [11] | | | | |
| 3 | M Draganja L Zovko | 6$^2$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 3 | M Draganja L Zovko | 4 | 6 | [9] | | | | |
| | G Granollers D Muñoz de la Nava | 7$^7$ | 2 | [5] | 3 | M Draganja L Zovko | 2 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Tošić D Zivkovic | 6 | 6 | | | G Tošić D Zivkovic | 6 | 6$^5$ | [9] | | | | | | | | | |
| | K de Schepper A Olivetti | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | S Ianni F Mergea | 6 | 6 |
| WC | A Artuñedo Jaime Pulgar-García | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | K Kravchuk N Moser | 2 | 3 |
| | K Kravchuk N Moser | 6 | 6 | | | K Kravchuk N Moser | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | James Cluskey F Martin | 6$^5$ | 5 | | 4 | R Junaid P Marx | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | R Junaid P Marx | 7$^7$ | 7 | | | | | | | | K Kravchuk N Moser | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | Vicente Joli-Viera I Navarro | 3 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | Julien Obry B Pašanski | 3 | 0 | | | | | |
| | Julien Obry B Pašanski | 6 | 1 | [10] | | Julien Obry B Pašanski | 0 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | Lorenzo Giustino N Mektić | 4 | 0 | | 2 | O Charroin P Raja | 6 | 3 | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | O Charroin P Raja | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco

The 2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It takes place in Pozoblanco, Spain between August 6 and 12, 2012.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Roberto Bautista Agut | 111 | 1 |
| POR | Frederico Gil | 117 | 2 |
| ESP | Daniel Muñoz de la Nava | 128 | 3 |
| RUS | Evgeny Donskoy | 138 | 4 |
| FRA | Josselin Ouanna | 160 | 5 |
| ESP | Javier Martí | 180 | 6 |
| ESP | Adrián Menéndez Maceiras | 182 | 7 |
| ESP | Tommy Robredo | 189 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of June 20, 2012.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Roberto Carballes Baena
* Frederico Gil
* Illya Marchenko
* Tommy Robredo
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Olivier Charroin
* Riccardo Ghedin
* Carles Poch Gradin
* Matthieu Roy

## Champions
### Singles

* Roberto Bautista Agut def. Arnau Brugués Davi, 6–3, 6–4

### Doubles

* Konstantin Kravchuk / Denys Molchanov def. Adrian Mannarino / Maxime Teixeira, 6–3, 6–3
# Dark Times

Dark Times may refer to:
* Star Wars: Dark Times, a 2006 comic book mini-series published by Dark Horse Comics
* "Dark Times", a song by Shihad from Love Is the New Hate, 2005
* "Dark Times", a song on The Weeknd's album Beauty Behind the Madness, 2015
* Dark Times (album), an album by Vince Staples, 2024
# Ayacucho Declaration

On December 9, 1974, the sesquicentennial celebration of the Battle of Ayacucho, the site of Simón Bolívar's final victory over Spain, eight Hispanic American nations stated their intention to consider arms limitations. Representatives from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela jointly declared the need to "create conditions which permit effective limitation of armaments and put an end to their acquisition for offensive military purposes, in order to dedicate all possible resources to economic development."
By 1975 the declaration's signers had reached a consensus on prohibiting a range of weapons and equipment, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; ballistic missiles; aircraft carriers; cruisers; and nuclear submarines. Colombia also remained adamant in opposing the introduction of strategic missiles into the region—a move favored by neighboring Venezuela—as well as all models of bomber aircraft.
In September 1980, Colombia joined with three of the declaration's original signers plus Costa Rica in agreeing upon the Charter of Conduct, which reaffirmed support for the peaceful resolution of conflicts and for the principles of the 1974 declaration.
# Darnay

Darnay is a given name and a surname. People with the name include:

## Given name

* Darnay Scott (born 1972), American football wide receiver
* Darnay Holmes (born 1997), American football cornerback

## Surname

* Arsen Darnay (born 1936), Hungarian-American science fiction writer
* Toni Darnay (1921–1983), American actress and dancer
* Christiane Darnay Neckaerts, Belgian beauty queen

### Fictional characters

* Charles Darnay, fictional character in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens