OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St-Pierre-Jolys

St-Pierre-Jolys (formerly Rivière-aux-Rats/Rat River, St-Pierre/St. Pierre) is a village in the Canadian province of Manitoba, located 50 km (31 mi) southeast of Winnipeg on Highway 59 near the Rat River. It is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of De Salaberry, and the nearest communities to it are Steinbach, St. Malo, Morris and Niverville.
Agriculture is the dominant industry: primarily dairy farming and livestock. Being important sectors for the life of the community, the local businesses, services, and hospitality are strong.
Tourism is also important to the village: the former Crow Wing Trail is now part of the Trans-Canada Trail, and St. Pierre-Jolys hosts several popular festivals, such as la Cabane à Sucre (maple syrup festival) in April; le Festival Chantecler, a celebration of Francophone arts; and the signature St-Pierre-Jolys Frog Follies and Ag Fair (les Folies Grenouilles et Foire Agricoles), a village fair featuring the Canadian frog jumping competition.
There are 3 schools, a hospital, and a sizable Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment in the village.
Bilingual St-Pierre-Jolys has collaborated with the nearby St. Malo on several ventures, including a trade show and a hockey league.
The dramatic sequences for the 2012 documentary We Were Children were shot there.

## History

Part of the 19th-century Crow Wing Trail linking Upper Fort Garry with St. Paul (now MN), the area was initially settled by francophone people of Métis and Québécois heritage. English settlers later came as well, in smaller numbers. Father Noel-Joseph Ritchot and Mr. Joseph Dubuc both helped with St. Pierre's founding. The Brittany-born Father Jean-Marie Jolys started a parish and encouraged many Quebec families to move here. The name "Jolys" was added to "St. Pierre" around 1922 to recognize the 40 years of Father Jolys as parish priest of St. Pierre. The Roman Catholic faith has been inextricably linked to the settlement's growth. A former convent of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary is now the village museum. Though the post office opened in 1879, St. Pierre-Jolys was only incorporated as a village in 1947.
A unique part of the area's history was the establishment of a POW camp that held German soldiers captured during World War II. Located 6 miles south of St. Pierre in 1943, the camp held about 200 prisoners working on a sugar beet farm.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, St-Pierre-Jolys had a population of 1,305 living in 508 of its 518 total private dwellings, a change of 11.5% from its 2016 population of 1,170. With a land area of 2.61 km$^2$ (1.01 sq mi), it had a population density of 500.0/km$^2$ (1,295.0/sq mi) in 2021.

## Notable people

* Raymonde Gagné, senator
* Rich Gosselin, hockey player
* Mariette Mulaire, businesswoman
# Dharna Chowk, Hyderabad

Dharna Chowk is an area where protests and strikes against governments take place in Hyderabad, India. It is located opposite to Indira Park.

## History

Earlier, the place opposite to the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat was used for protests and strikes.
# ASD Pro Settimo & Eureka

Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Pro Settimo & Eureka (usually referred to as simply Pro Settimo) is an Italian association football club, based in Settimo Torinese, Piedmont. Currently plays in Serie D. The team's colors are white-green-yellow-red.
The club was founded in 2007 by the merger of Eureka Settimo and Pro Settimo Calcio. Since this merger, the new club became one of the most important in Turin area. In the following years, the team won four times the Coppa Italia Dilettanti Piemonte-Valle d'Aosta (2007–2008, 2010–2011, 2012–2013, 2013–2014) and reached the Coppa Italia Dilettanti final in 2007–2008, lost 3–1 in extra time against HinterReggio Calcio.
Pro Settimo & Eureka played in Eccellenza 2007–2008 gaining the promotion to Serie D after they got the third place. In their first season in D, the club came close to play-off (sixth place). In the season 2009–2010, Pro Settimo & Eureka recedes in Eccellenza, then played four years in Eccellenza before returning to Serie D in 2014–2015. It now plays in Eccellenza.
# 1999 Hirayama

1999 Hirayama (prov. designation: 1973 DR) is a dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 February 1973, by Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory in Germany, and later named after Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama.

## Orbit and classification

Hirayama orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,010 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The spectrum of Hirayama matches a C-type classification on the Tholen taxonomic scheme, but with a "broad absorption band that can be associated to a process of aqueous alteration". That is, the surface appears to show some form of water modification.

## Naming

This minor planet is named in honour of Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874–1943), best known for his discovery that many asteroid orbits were more similar to one another than chance would allow, leading to the concept of asteroid families, now called Hirayama families. The lunar crater Hirayama is also named in his honour. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4237).

## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period

A rotational lightcurve of Hirayama was obtained at the Menke Observatory in February 2002. It showed a periodicity of 15.63±0.01 hours, during which time the brightness of Hirayama varies by 0.45±0.04 in magnitude (U=3-). At the same time, photometric observations by astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini gave a rotation period of 22.37 hours and a brightness variation of 0.47 magnitude (U=2). These results supersede an observation from January 2005, by Hiromi and Hiroko Hamanowa at their Hamanowa Astronomical Observatory, Japan, that gave a shorter period of 13.59 hours with an amplitude of 0.57 magnitude.(U=n.a.).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 34.0 and 38.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.053 and 0.088. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.062 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.0.
# Anton Schaars

Antonius (Anton) Johannes Schaars (5 June 1887, in Deventer – 4 February 1963, in Deventer) was a Dutch Roman Catholic priest who helped rescue members of the Allied forces during World War II.

## Early life

Schaars was born in Deventer in 1887. He followed his secondary education at the Canisius College in Nijmegen before studying at the minor seminary in Culemborg and the major seminary in Rijsenburg. In August 1910 he was ordained priest by archbishop Henricus van de Wetering of Utrecht.
He worked as curate in Ameland, Hengelo, Heino, Arnhem and Zeist. After which he worked for 10 years as parson in Doornik, where he helped found a catholic primary school. In 1937 Schaars was appointed parson in Velp.

## World War II

Schaars saw the danger of Nazism and preached against it. In 1940, after the Netherlands became occupied by Nazi Germany, he created an escape route for escaped French prisoners of war, together with the married couple Timmermans. He also helped crashed allied pilots and Jewish people in hiding. Together with communist Dirk van der Voort he published a 1942 manifest calling the farmers to destroy their harvest as a form of resistance.
The Germans became aware of the escape route and both Schaars and the couple Timmermans were arrested on 5 May 1942. He was held for two months at the Oranjehotel prison in Scheveningen, before being transported to first Kamp Amersfoort, followed by Herzogenbusch concentration camp, and finally Dachau concentration camp. He was transferred to Natzweiler in October 1943, and returned to Dachau in September 1944. He stayed in Dachau until it was liberated on 29 April 1945. On his return to Velp on 26 May 1945 Schaars, dressed in camp clothing, was driven through town in an open chariot.

## Later life

Schaars would continue his work as parson in Velp until his retirement in 1956. He died in 1963 and was originally buried at the Heiderust cemetery in Rheden. In 2016 he was reburied at the Bergweg cemetery in Velp.

## Legacy

After the war in 1950 he was awarded the Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre by France.
At his retirement as parson of Velp he was offered the honorary medal in silver of the municipality of Rheden. The street Pastoor Schaarsstraat (English: Pastor Schaars street) in Velp is named after him.
Two photographs of his return to Velp, and being welcomed by Dutch Reformed Church minister Adriaan Oskamp, are part of two windows of the Protestant church Waterstaatskerk in Velp.

## Literature

* Hengeveld-de Jong, G. (2013). Verborgen in Velp. Nooit vertelde verhalen over moed, verzet en onderduikers (in Dutch). Velp: Stichting Velp voor Oranje. ISBN 978-90-81058-20-9.
# Souls in Metal

Souls in Metal: an Anthology of Robot Futures is an anthology of robot-themed science fiction short stories edited by Mike Ashley. It was first published in hardcover by Robert Hale in February 1977 in the United Kingdom, with an American hardcover edition following from St. Martin's Press in June of the same year, and a paperback edition from Jove/HBJ in June 1978.
The book collects nine short stories and novelettes. The stories were originally published in the magazines Astounding, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Infinity, Fantastic Universe, and Galaxy. The book includes a preface and afterword by the editor.

## Contents

* "Preface" (Mike Ashley)
* "Helen O'Loy" (Lester del Rey)
* "—That Thou Art Mindful of Him!" (Isaac Asimov)
* "The Twonky" (Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore (as Lewis Padgett))
* "A Logic Named Joe" (Murray Leinster)
* "Impostor" (Philip K. Dick)
* "Who Can Replace a Man?" (Brian W. Aldiss)
* "The Velvet Glove" (Harry Harrison)
* "I Am Crying All Inside" (Clifford D. Simak)
* "Internal Combustion" (L. Sprague de Camp)
* "Afterword" (Mike Ashley)

## Reception

John Clute considered the collection a "jalopy of a book," an "atrocious little money-spinner," whose contents could not have "required more than a modicum of research to uncover." Of the editor, he wrote "In general his editorial comments are among the most illiterate ever printed, with high-school syntax howlers and unintended neologisms breeding together ... like fruit flies in Hiroshima, nor on decipherment is what he says about his assemblage of stories even interestingly false." Clute was kinder in regard to the stories themselves. He singled out for particular praise del Rey's "Helen O'Loy," "that famous crazy comedy romp." The other tales he lumped together as "warhorses," with the exception of the Aldiss piece, which he neglected to mention.
# The Sock Knitter

The Sock Knitter is a 1915 painting by the Australian artist Grace Cossington Smith. The painting depicts a woman, believed to be the artist's sister, knitting a sock. It was the first work by Cossington Smith to be exhibited and has been "acclaimed as the first post-impressionist painting to be exhibited in Australia."
   The figure is pressed forward onto the picture plane. Tightly constructed. The creamy impasto paint of the backgrounds holds the picture together. The sitter then holds the background together. Like a jigsaw. She is the pattern maker. There are echoing triangles everywhere.
The work was included in the Follow the Flag exhibition held at the National Gallery of Victoria in 2015. Exhibition material stated that The Sock Knitter "has come to symbolise Australian women’s contribution to the [First World War] effort, which included knitting more than 1.3 million pairs of socks".
The painting was acquired by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1960.
# Dirk J. Vlug

Dirk John Vlug (August 20, 1916 – June 25, 1996) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

## Biography

Vlug joined the Army from Grand Rapids, Michigan in April 1941. On December 15, 1944, while serving as a private first class in the 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd Infantry Division, near Limon in the Philippine province of Leyte, Vlug single-handedly destroyed five enemy tanks. For his actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor on June 26, 1946. He left the army and joined the Michigan National Guard in May 1949, retiring with the rank of Master Sergeant in January 1951.
Vlug died at age 79 and interred in Greenwood Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
# Adenosylmethionine—8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase

In enzymology, an adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 8-amino-7-oxononanoate $\rightleftharpoons$ S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + 7,8-diaminononanoate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 8-amino-7-oxononanoate, whereas its two products are S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate and 7,8-diaminononanoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include 7,8-diaminonanoate transaminase, 7,8-diaminononanoate transaminase, DAPA transaminase, 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase, DAPA aminotransferase, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid, diaminopelargonate synthase, and 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in biotin metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 11 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1DTY, 1MGV, 1MLY, 1MLZ, 1QJ3, 1QJ5, 1S06, 1S07, 1S08, 1S09, and 1S0A.
# Beatrice, Queensland

Beatrice is a rural locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Beatrice had a population of 126 people.

## History

The locality presumably takes its name from the Beatrice River which flows through the locality which in turn was named in November 1882 by explorer and prospector Christie Palmerston after a Melbourne friend.
Approval was given to erect a school at Beatrice River in March 1921. Beatrice River State School opened on 14 November 1921. It closed in 1946. It was at 73 Pheasant Road (17°32′34″S 145°36′23″E﻿ / ﻿17.54276°S 145.60641°E﻿ / -17.54276; 145.60641﻿ (Beatrice River State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Beatrice had a population of 99 people.
In the 2021 census, Beatrice had a population of 126 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Beatrice. The nearest government primary schools are Millaa Millaa State School in neighbouring Millaa Millaa to the north and Ravenshoe State School in neighbouring Ravenshoe to the south-west. The nearest government secondary schools are Ravenshoe State High School in Ravenshoe and Malanda State High School in Malanda to the north.
# Business Language Testing Service

The Business Language Testing Service (BULATS) was an English language test provided by Cambridge English Language Assessment. It has been officially retired on 6 December 2019. It assesses the level of a person in a used language and in a professional context. This foreign language skills assessment is validated by a two-years valid certificate. The languages evaluated are English, German (in collaboration with the Goethe-Institut), Spanish (in collaboration with the University of Salamanca) and French (in collaboration with the Alliance Française).
It's an online test that gives a score between 0 and 100, giving a direct equivalence with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages levels.
| BULATS score | Level description | CEFR level |
| 90–100 | Upper advanced | C2 |
| 75–89 | Advanced | C1 |
| 60–74 | Upper intermediate | B2 |
| 40–59 | Intermediate | B1 |
| 20–39 | Elementary | A2 |
| 10–19 | Beginner | A1 |
# Self Explanatory

Self Explanatory may refer to:
* Self Explanatory (I-20 album), 2004
* Self Explanatory (Classified album), 2009
# Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials

The Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Society for Experimental Mechanics. Jennifer L. Jordan (Los Alamos National Laboratory) has been the editor-in-chief since 2020. The journal was established in 2015 with Eric N. Brown as the inaugural editor-in-chief.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Astrophysics Data System
* Ei Compendex
* Emerging Sources Citation Index
* ProQuest databases
* Scopus
# Abacetus cordatissimus

Abacetus cordatissimus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Straneo in 1941.
# The Secret Lover

The Secret Lover (Italian: L'amante segreta) is a 1941 Italian drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Alida Valli, Fosco Giachetti and Vivi Gioi. It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.

## Plot

After her tutor embezzles and squanders her inheritance, a young woman is forced to seek work in a series of different occupations.

## Cast

* Alida Valli as Renata Croci
* Fosco Giachetti as Giorgio Amholt
* Vivi Gioi as Diana Ponzio
* Osvaldo Valenti as Valentini
* Luigi Almirante as Il pittore Riganti
* Camillo Pilotto as Giacomo Mori
* Ada Dondini as Antonia Mori
* Bella Starace Sainati as La contessa Bianca Lotti
* Anita Farra as Teresa Amholt
* Luigi Pavese as Melchiorri
* Carlo Lombardi as L'attore Mario Fulvi
* Arturo Bragaglia as Il ragionere
* Jacchi Gambino as Krick
* Claudio Ermelli as Il cameriere Ottaviano
* Giuseppe Pierozzi as Marini
* Luigi Erminio D'Olivo as Il barone
* Marina Doge as Un'amica di Renata
* Fedele Gentile as Un amico di Renata
* Mario Giannini as Un amico di Renata
* Mara Landi as Un'amica di Renata
* Alfredo Martinelli as Un cliente dell'albergo
* Edda Soligo as La cameriera dell'albergo
* Alfredo Varelli as Un amico di Renata
* Giuseppe Varni as Il portiere dell'albergo
# Adenosylmethionine hydrolase

In enzymology, an adenosylmethionine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ L-homoserine + methylthioadenosine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl-L-methionine and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are L-homoserine and methylthioadenosine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ether bonds involving sulfur (thioether and trialkylsulfonium hydrolases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine hydrolase. Other names in common use include S-adenosylmethionine cleaving enzyme, methylmethionine-sulfonium-salt hydrolase, and adenosylmethionine lyase.
# SHOC2

Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein SHOC-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHOC2 gene. The best-studied role of SHOC2 is in modulating signals of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway by forming a holophosphatase complex that activates RAF proteins(PMID 16630891, 33526449). This protein was initially identified in Caenorhabditis elegans as SUR-8/SOC2 and was found to be a critical positive regulator of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway that integrates the Ras and RAF components of the ERK1/2 pathway into a multiprotein complex. Specifically, SHOC2 tethers RAS and PP1C proteins and in close proximity to RAF to dephosphorylate “S259” to enable MAPK signaling. It has been shown that activity that results in lipidation (specifically Myristoylation) of SHOC2 can cause Noonan syndrome.

## Interactions

SHOC2 has been shown to interact with the catalytic phosphatase subunit PP1C(PMID 16630891) and MRAS as well as canonical RAS isoforms (H/K/NRAS)(PMID 35768504, 35831509, 35830882). The ternary complex SHOC2-RAS-PP1C functions to dephosphorylate an inhibitory phosphorylation site ('S259') on RAF family proteins to enable MAPK signaling(PMID 16630891).

## SHOC2 Dependent Dynamic Regulation of MAPK signaling

The amplitude of SHOC2-mediated ERK1/2 signals has been proposed to be regulated by differential regulation of RAF activation at the plasma membrane and internalized endosome compartment (PMID 31213532) as well an alternative model proposing post-translational modifications(PMID 25022756). SHOC2 ubiquitination mediated by HUWE1 is triggered by growth factor activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and is a prerequisite for the subsequent ubiquitination of the RAF-1 kinase associated with SHOC2. However, the current data has yet to address how these ubiquitin modifications regulate the SHOC2 holophosphatase function to reduce the amplitude of RAF-ERK1/2 signals.
# Beatrice, Mississippi

Beatrice is an unincorporated community in Stone County, Mississippi, and is located approximately 23 mi (37 km) southeast of Wiggins. Beatrice is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. The main period of significance was between 1894 and 1915.
Surrounded by the De Soto National Forest, Beatrice has long been a timber and sawmill community. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Beatrice Sawmill served as a distribution center for portable sawmills that were needed to convert storm-ravaged trees into lumber.
Little Creek Baptist Church and headquarters for Red Creek Wildlife Management Area are located in the Beatrice community.

## Education

* The Beatrice community is served by the Stone County School District.

## Transportation

* The Beatrice community is served by Mississippi Highway 15.

## Notoriety

On the night of January 24, 2015, 57-year-old Timmy Garrison, owner of Beatrice Sawmill was found dead outside his place of business. Subsequent investigation by law enforcement revealed a murder-for-hire involving Evelyn Garrison, wife of the murder victim; Emmett Entriken, her childhood friend; and Entriken's distant cousin, Jody Parks. On March 10, 2017, 23-year-old Jody Parks pleaded guilty to capital murder and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole. On August 21, 2017, 56-year-old Evelyn Garrison accepted a plea of first-degree murder and received a sentence of life in prison with the possibility of parole. On September 16, 2017, the third suspect, 67-year-old Emmett Entriken, pleaded guilty to first-degree murder and was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole.
# Summerlee, West Virginia

Summerlee is an unincorporated community and coal town in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Summerlee is 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northwest of Oak Hill. The Summerlee Mine was located here and was owned by the New River Coal Company.
The community supposedly is named after a place in Scotland. The Scottish Summerlee is an area within the town of Coatbridge.
# Abacetus contractus

Abacetus contractus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1876.
# Sopo

Sopo may refer to:
* Sopó, a town in Colombia
* Sopo (structure), a storage or granary structure in Batak Toba culture
* Sopo River, a river in South Sudan
* Sopo, Portugal, a town in Portugal
* A nickname for South Portland Maine USA