OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atractus alphonsehogei

Atractus alphonsehogei, also known commonly as Alphonse's ground snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Brazil.

## Etymology

The specific name, alphonsehogei, is in honor of Brazilian-born Belgian herpetologist Alphonse Richard Hoge.

## Geographic range

A. alphonsehogei is found in northern Brazil, in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, and Roraima.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of A. alphonsehogei is forest.

## Description

A. alphonsehogei may attain a snout-to-vent length of about 28 cm (11 in) in females, and about 22 cm (8.7 in) in males. Dorsally, it is brown to grayish black, with a cream-colored incomplete occipital collar. Ventrally, it is cream-colored, with a dark line running down each side of the belly, near the ends of the ventrals. Each smooth dorsal scale has one, or rarely two, apical pits. The dorsal scales are arranged in 17 rows throughout the whole length of the body (17/17/17). Mature males have tubercles in the cloacal region.

## Behavior

A. alphonsehogei is terrestrial and fossorial.

## Diet

A. alphonsehogei preys predominately upon earthworms.

## Reproduction

A. alphonsehogei is oviparous.
# Sedat Sir

Sedat Sir (born 6 March 1975) is a Turkish-Australian former Australian Rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). Sedat, known as a solid defender, played 24 games at senior level between 1995 and 1998. He was also a member of the Western Bulldogs 1998 reserves premiership team. At the end of 1998, he was delisted by the Bulldogs and moved to the Victorian Football League team of Williamstown. He retired from regional football at EDFL club Greenvale, to make the move back to the Western Victoria Region team he once captained: Parkside.
Of Turkish heritage, Sedat Sir was the first Muslim footballer to play in the AFL at senior level.
# Arenzana de Abajo

Arenzana de Abajo is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 8.39 square kilometres (3.24 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 274 people.

## Politics

List of mayors since the democratic elections of 1979 :
| Term | Mayor | Political Party |
| 1979–1983 | Victorino Martínez Francia | Independent |
| 1983–1987 | Javier Fernández Fernández | Independent |
| 1987–1991 | Martín Mateo Hernáez | AP |
| 1991–1995 | Martín Mateo Hernáez | PP |
| 1995–1999 | Ildefonso Francia Lejarraga | PR |
| 1999–2003 | Martín Mateo Hernáez | PP |
| 2003–2007 | Martín Mateo Hernáez | PP |
| 2007–2011 | Carlos Faustino García Fernández | Independent |
| 2011–2015 | Purificación Ruiz Monge | PP |
| 2015–2019 | Purificación Ruiz Monge | PP |
| 2019–2023 | n/d | n/d |
| 2023– | n/d | n/d |
# 1993 Paris–Tours

The 1993 Paris–Tours was the 87th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 6 October 1993. The race started in Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines and finished in Tours. The race was won by Johan Museeuw of the MG Maglificio team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Johan Museeuw (BEL) | GB–MG Maglificio | 6h 34' 50" |
| 2 | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) | Lampre–Polti | + 0" |
| 3 | Alexander Gontchenkov (UKR) | Lampre–Polti | + 5" |
| 4 | Sean Kelly (IRL) | Festina–Lotus | + 5" |
| 5 | Adri van der Poel (NED) | Mercatone Uno–Zucchini–Medeghini | + 5" |
| 6 | Alain Van Den Bossche (BEL) | TVM–Bison Kit | + 5" |
| 7 | Martin van Steen (NED) | TVM–Bison Kit | + 5" |
| 8 | Jean-Pierre Heynderickx (BEL) | Collstrop–Assur Carpets | + 5" |
| 9 | Jesper Skibby (DEN) | TVM–Bison Kit | + 5" |
| 10 | Fabio Baldato (ITA) | GB–MG Maglificio | + 5" |
# Potamogeton tepperi

Potamogeton tepperi is a water herb, belonging to the Potamogetonaceae family in the order Alismatales.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1887 by the British botanist, Arthur Bennett, from a specimen collected by Frederick Manson Bailey from a pool 500 miles north of Brisbane, and another collected from a river in South Australia by Johann Gottlieb Otto Tepper (who is honoured in the species epithet).

## Description

It is an aquatic, rhizomatous perennial herb which has both submerged and floating leaves. The stems are terete and up to 3 m long. Stipules convolute, free from the base of leaf blade. Both submerged leaves and floating leaves are petiolate with lanceolate blades. The Inflorescence is a terminal spike up to 5 cm long which emerges above the water. The peduncles are erect, and recurved when fruiting. The fruit is reddish, brownish or green and keeled with a prominent beak. It flowers and fruits in the dry season.

## Distribution & habitat

In Australia it has been found in Western Australia, South Australia, and Queensland, in warm and permanent waters.
# Pre-sunrise and post-sunset authorization

In USA AM broadcasting, presunrise authorization (PSRA) and postsunset authorization (PSSA) are permission from the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in AM on mediumwave using a power level higher than what would normally be permitted prior to sunrise/after sunset, or in the latter case, provide Class D stations with service into the evening where they would otherwise be required to sign off. Sunrise and sunset times are provided on the licensee's basic instrument of authorization.
The power level for both PSRA and PSSA service cannot exceed 500 watts. Power calculations are based on co-channel stations.

## PSRA

At 6:00am local time, stations may power up using the station's daytime antenna (if applicable).

### Daylight saving

Provided the locale participates in daylight saving time, special provisions must be made since the PSRA time is based on local time. The exact wording of the rule states:
       Between the first Sunday in April and the end of the month of April, Class D stations will be permitted to conduct pre-sunrise operation beginning at 6 a.m. local time with a maximum power of 500 watts (not to exceed the station's regular daytime or critical hours power)...
For example, if the instrument of authorization states sunrise as being at 5:30am local standard time in April, the station does not require PSRA operation since sunrise time is prior to the 6:00am rule. When the clocks advance, this becomes 6:30am local time. PSRA will permit the station to power up at 5:00am standard time, since that would be 6:00am advanced time and local time would reflect the advanced time.
As of 2007 (when the new US daylight saving times went into effect), the FCC instructed licensees to use the April advanced times when DST goes into effect in March.

## PSSA

At sunset, Class D stations must sign off if they do not possess a nighttime license. PSSA operation allows the station to remain on the air an additional two hours at reduced power level determined by several factors:
* International boundaries
* Class A Clear-channel stations
* Whether the station is on a Regional channel

### Daylight saving

There are no specific provisions related to daylight saving time within PSSA operation.

### Exceptions

PSSA operation must cease at local sunset time for the closest co-channel Class A located west of the Class D station.
Class D stations west of a co-channel Class A do not qualify.

## History

The first presunrise authorizations came from a proposed rulemaking in 1967 (Operation by Standard Broadcast Stations, 8 FCC 2d 698 (1967)). There were major concerns of skywave interference to clear channel stations, so only a handful of stations were permitted to apply.
On February 25, 1981, the FCC determined that there were no detrimental effects to clear-channel stations in remote areas, therefore, they permitted even more stations to apply for authorization.

## Current authorization

Applications for PSRA and PSSA operation are no longer required. The licensee must merely notify the FCC.
# Potter Township, Barnes County, North Dakota

Potter Township is a civil township in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 41.
# President of the Council of State of Nicaragua

The President of the Council of State of Nicaragua was the presiding officer of Nicaragua's interim legislature.
| Name | Period | Party |
| Bayardo Arce Castaño | May 1980 – 1981 | Sandinista National Liberation Front |
| Carlos Núñez Téllez | 1981 – 1984 | Sandinista National Liberation Front |

## Sources

* Carlos Nunez Tellez - Sandinista Leader, 39 - New York Times
# Preference regression

Preference regression is a statistical technique used by marketers to determine consumers’ preferred core benefits. It usually supplements product positioning techniques like multi dimensional scaling or factor analysis and is used to create ideal vectors on perceptual maps.

## Application

Starting with raw data from surveys, researchers apply positioning techniques to determine important dimensions and plot the position of competing products on these dimensions. Next they regress the survey data against the dimensions. The independent variables are the data collected in the survey. The dependent variable is the preference datum. Like all regression methods, the computer fits weights to best predict data. The resultant regression line is referred to as an ideal vector because the slope of the vector is the ratio of the preferences for the two dimensions.
If all the data is used in the regression, the program will derive a single equation and hence a single ideal vector. This tends to be a blunt instrument so researchers refine the process with cluster analysis. This creates clusters that reflect market segments. Separate preference regressions are then done on the data within each segment. This provides an ideal vector for each segment.

## Alternative methods

Self-stated importance method is an alternative method in which direct survey data is used to determine the weightings rather than statistical imputations. A third method is conjoint analysis in which an additive method is used.
# Profundisepta sportella

Profundisepta sportella is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.
# 2016–17 Antigua and Barbuda Premier Division

The 2016–17 Antigua and Barbuda Premier Division was the 46th season of the Antigua and Barbuda top-flight football league. The league consists of 10 clubs that play 18 matches with a two-match series against each other club. The season began on 15 October 2016 and concluded on 19 February 2017.
Parham won the league title amassing the best record after 18 matches. It was the club's fifth title.

## Clubs

| Team | Home city | Home ground |
| Empire | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Glanvilles | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Grenades | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Hoppers | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Liberta | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Old Road | Old Road | Old Road Recreation Ground |
| Parham | Parham | Parham Field |
| Pigotts Bullets | Piggotts | Pigotts Sports Ground |
| SAP | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |
| Tryum | St. John's | Antigua Recreation Ground |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Parham (C) | 18 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 45 | 15 | +30 | 44 | 2018 Caribbean Club Championship |
| 2 | Hoppers | 18 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 41 | 16 | +25 | 37 | |
| 3 | Grenades | 18 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 33 | 19 | +14 | 36 | |
| 4 | Old Road | 18 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 40 | 27 | +13 | 32 | |
| 5 | Empire | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 31 | 29 | +2 | 23 | |
| 6 | Pigotts Bullets | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 22 | 27 | −5 | 23 | |
| 7 | Tryum | 18 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 23 | 35 | −12 | 19 | |
| 8 | SAP (O) | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 24 | 33 | −9 | 18 | Relegation play-offs |
| 9 | Liberta (R) | 18 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 15 | 46 | −31 | 12 | 2017–18 Antigua and Barbuda First Division |
| 10 | Glanvilles (R) | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 18 | 45 | −27 | 9 | 2017–18 Antigua and Barbuda First Division |
* ↑ The champions of the Antigua and Barbuda Premier Division were eligible to enter the 2017 Caribbean Club Shield. However, the Dominica FA elected not to send any teams to the competition, meaning that Parham did not participate.
# Prosthechea brassavolae

Prosthechea brassavolae is a species of orchid native to Central America and Mexico. It is cultivated by orchid fanciers.
# Ryan Adams & the Cardinals: A View of Other Windows

A View of Other Windows is a coffee table photo-book by American musician Neal Casal documenting his time spent in the alt-country band Ryan Adams & the Cardinals from 2005 to 2009. Released on February 22, 2010 through Abrams Books, the book contains an introduction by Ryan Adams, and features written contributions from bandmates, Jon Graboff, Brad Pemberton and Chris Feinstein, throughout. Grateful Dead founding member and bass guitarist Phil Lesh wrote the book's afterword.
Upon the book's release, Casal stated: "I approached photographing [Ryan Adams] in the same way that I approached the way we played guitars together. I liken it to diving off of really high and dangerous cliffs."
The book's title is taken from the track, "Evergreen", from the band's final album, Cardinology (2008).

## Background

Regarding the book, Neal Casal stated, "I photographed my life with the band from our first rehearsal in New York through our last show in Atlanta on March 20, 2009, and the result is Ryan Adams & The Cardinals: A View of Other Windows. I didn’t begin this project with aspirations of making a book, but because I love documenting my life through photography, and the Cardinals were such endlessly fascinating subjects for me. Photography is a means to making life on the road and in the studio more interesting, and a way of telling stories that no one would know otherwise. The camera is the instrument I pick up when a room is too quiet for music. A perfect way to continue singing the song after a show has ended."
# Premier baron

In the United Kingdom the title of Premier Baron denotes a baron who takes precedence over all others of that degree. In England before the Reformation this distinction belonged ex officio to the Prior of the Order of St. John who ranked above all Lords Temporal of baronial degree, but since then it has been accorded to the holder of the oldest surviving barony not subsidiary to a higher title.
* The Baron de Ros is the Premier Baron of England and as the peers of England take precedence of all peers of Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, is the peer of that degree with the highest precedence in the entire UK. However, when this title is held by a woman, the holder of the next most senior surviving barony (Baron Mowbray) is accorded the style of Premier Baron.
* The Baron Kingsale is the Premier Baron of Ireland.
* In Scotland the title of Baron is considered to apply primarily to feudal dignitaries analogous to Lords of the Manor in England, while the peers analogous to Barons of England and Ireland are Lords of Parliament; the distinction of "Premier Baron" is not used.
# Protea subvestita

Protea subvestita, the waterlily sugarbush, is a flower bearing shrub that belongs to the well-known genus Protea. The plant is native to Lesotho and South Africa and occurs in Mpumalanga on the escarpment of the Wakkerstroom, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape (as far as Somerset East), and the Klein Swartberg. The shrub is large, erect and grows up to 5 m. It flowers mainly from January to March.
The plant dies after a fire but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a shell and released after they are ripe and are dispersed by the wind. The plant is unisexual. Pollination takes place through the action of birds. The plant grows on mountainous acid veld and fynbos at altitudes of 1,200 - 2,300 m. In Afrikaans it is known as the lippeblomsuikerbos. The plant's national number is 98.
# Protea susannae

Protea susannae, also known as stink-leaf sugarbush, is a flower-bearing shrub of the genus Protea. The plant is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa.
Other vernacular names are stink-leaf protea. In the Afrikaans language it is known as stinkblaarsuikerbos.
The tree's national number is 98.1.
The species can grow up to three metres in height. The plant is monoecious, both sexes occur in each flower. It blooms from April to September.
Protea susannae is endemic to the Western Cape province of South Africa. It occurs from Stanford to Stilbaai.

## Ecology

During the periodic wildfires which pass through its habitat adult plants die, but the seeds can survive such an event. Pollination occurs through the action of birds. The seed is stored in the old, dry infructescence which remains persistently attached to the plant. The seed is eventually dispersed by means of the wind. The plant grows in calcareous and pH-neutral soil at altitudes from sea level to 200 metres.
# 1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 20 kilometres road run

The men's 20 kilometres road run event at the 1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Lisbon, Portugal, on 24 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Clodoaldo da Silva Brazil |
| Silver | Carlos García Spain |
| Bronze | Antonello Landi Italy |

## Results
### Final

24 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Clodoaldo da Silva | Brazil | 1:03:21 |
| | Carlos García | Spain | 1:03:38 |
| | Antonello Landi | Italy | 1:03:40 |
| 4 | Isidoro Martínez | Mexico | 1:04:05 |
| 5 | José María Prieto | Spain | 1:04:11 |
| 6 | Chryssovalantis Athanassiou | Greece | 1:04:18 |
| 7 | Zsolt Bácskai | Hungary | 1:04:24 |
| 8 | Mohamed Al-Oqadi | Saudi Arabia | 1:04:25 |
| 9 | Anton Nikolesko | Russia | 1:04:36 |
| 10 | Juan Delgado | Mexico | 1:04:54 |
| 11 | Fabio Biscola | Brazil | 1:05:14 |
| 12 | Manuel Magalhães | Portugal | 1:05:39 |
| 13 | Andreas Stoffer | Germany | 1:06:30 |
| 14 | Marc Lawson | United States | 1:06:47 |
| 15 | Robert Busquaert | United States | 1:09:57 |
| | António Janeiro | Portugal | DNF |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
* Brazil (2)
* Germany (1)
* Greece (1)
* Hungary (1)
* Italy (1)
* Mexico (2)
* Portugal (2)
* Russia (1)
* Saudi Arabia (1)
* Spain (2)
* United States (2)
# Protogaster

Protogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Boletales that contains the single genus Protogaster. The genus in turn contains the single species Protogaster rhizophilus, found on the roots of Viola in the USA. The family was described by American mycologist Sanford Myron Zeller in 1934, the genus and species by Roland Thaxter.
# Proton emission

Proton emission (also known as proton radioactivity) is a rare type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state (or a low-lying isomer) of very proton-rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay. For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative (Sp < 0)—the proton is therefore unbound, and tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. The rate of proton emission is governed by the nuclear, Coulomb, and centrifugal potentials of the nucleus, where centrifugal potential affects a large part of the rate of proton emission. The half-life of a nucleus with respect to proton emission is affected by the proton energy and its orbital angular momentum. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes; proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reactions, usually using linear particle accelerators.
Although prompt (i.e. not beta-delayed) proton emission was observed from an isomer in cobalt-53 as early as 1969, no other proton-emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of lutetium-151 and thulium-147 were observed at experiments at the GSI in West Germany. Research in the field flourished after this breakthrough, and to date more than 25 isotopes have been found to exhibit proton emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses, and structure, and it is a pure example of quantum tunneling.
In 2002, the simultaneous emission of two protons was observed from the nucleus iron-45 in experiments at GSI and GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds at Caen). In 2005 it was experimentally determined (at the same facility) that zinc-54 can also undergo double proton decay.
# Protosticta monticola

Protosticta monticola, monticola reedtail, is a damselfly species in the family Platystictidae. It is endemic to southern Western Ghats in India. The species is named monticola (mountain dweller) considering the natural habitat where the species was discovered.
The genus Protosticta has fifteen species reported from India, of which twelve are known from Western Ghats.
This species was first found in 2014 in high altitudes (above 1600m) of the Anaimalai Hills of Idukki district, Kerala, southern Western Ghats. The study found the presence of this species in highland shola forest ecosystems of Kambilipparachola and Nagamalachola of Marayur forest division and Mathikettan Shola National Park. The males were found away from the forest streams, in shaded areas among the shola forest undergrowth at Kambilipparachola. A few females and males were also found frequenting the sides of streams covered with forest canopy near Nagamalachola in Marayur forests. A few female specimens were found in a forest stream inside the shola forest. Other species observed with them were Euphaea cardinalis and Esme cyaneovittata. This is the only species found within the high altitude shola forests of the southern Western Ghats.
This is one of the small-sized Protosticta like Protosticta hearseyi. This species can be distinguished from other Protosticta species based on the completely black dorsal surface of its abdomen, 7th and 8th abdominal segments without yellow or blue color dorsally, and its distinct anal appendages.
* Head (male)
* Anal appendages (male)
* Genitalia (male)
* Wings (male)