OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Speleomantes

Speleomantes, or European cave salamanders, are a genus of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders. It is one of two genera in the family to inhabit the Old World (the other being Karsenia), with the remaining 250 or so species being found in North, Central and South America. The genus is endemic to Italy and a few nearby areas (San Marino, Monaco, and eastern Provence).

## Characteristics

Until recently, Speleomantes was combined with the web-toed salamander genus Hydromantes from the Sierra Nevada range of California, which are their closest relatives, and are still combined by some herpetologists. They lack lungs; respiration takes place through the skin, which must be kept moist, and the lining of the mouth. The head is broad and distinct with prominent eyes. There are characteristic deep nasolabial grooves between the nostrils and the edge of the lips. The tongue has a broad tip and is extensible, being shot forward to catch prey. The tail is short, less than half the length of the body, and limbs are robust. The toes often have blunt tips and are partially webbed.

## Behaviour

European cave salamanders are found not only in caverns but on the ground among leaf litter, usually near streams, in wooded valleys. In the open air these salamanders are nocturnal, emerging in wet weather to forage but retreating in dry weather into caves and crevices or hiding beneath stones or logs. When underground they are active at any time of day. They are agile and can climb on rock outcrops or vertical cave walls, using their tails as props. The skin secretes toxic substances, which may deter predators, as may their habit of rolling their tail upwards.
Males are a little smaller than females. They mate on land after an elaborate courtship routine. The female lays up to a dozen eggs in a damp crevice and guards them until they hatch in six months to a year; during this time she does not normally eat, though it has been known for females to eat some of their eggs. The young emerge as miniature adults about 2 cm (0.8 in) without an intervening tadpole phase.

## Species

The genus contains the following species:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Speleomantes ambrosii | Ambrosi's cave salamander | south-eastern France and north-western Italy |
| Speleomantes flavus | Monte Albo cave salamander | Sardinia, Italy. |
| Speleomantes genei | Gene's cave salamander | south-western Sardinia, Italy. |
| Speleomantes imperialis | Imperial cave salamander | Sardinia, Italy. |
| Speleomantes italicus | Italian cave salamander | Italy |
| Speleomantes sarrabusensis | Sarrabus' cave salamander | south-eastern Sardinia, Italy. |
| Speleomantes strinatii | Strinati's cave salamander | north-western Italy and south-eastern France |
| Speleomantes supramontis | Supramonte cave salamander | Sardinia, Italy. |

## Evolutionary history

The oldest record of Speleomantes is a single vertebra from the Middle Miocene of Slovakia.
# Sablale

Sablale is a town district in the southeastern Lower Shabelle region of Somalia. The broader Sablale District has a total population of 143,055 residents. The majority of Sablale residents are Dabarre sub-division of the wider Digil Rahanweyn Somalis.
# Sequence-related amplified polymorphism

A sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) is a molecular technique, developed by G. Li and C. F. Quiros in 2001, for detecting genetic variation in the open reading frames (ORFs) of genomes of plants and related organisms.
# Stephan Kekulé von Stradonitz

Stephan Kekulé von Stradonitz (1 May 1863, in Ghent – 5 May 1933, in Berlin), was a German lawyer, heraldist and genealogist who popularized a genealogical numbering system of ancestors.
Stephan was the son of the prominent chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, descended from a Czech noble family from Bohemia, and his Belgian wife Stéphanie Drory.
In 1898, Kekulé von Stradonitz published his interpretation of Eytzinger's and Sosa's method in his Ahnentafel-Atlas. Ahnentafeln zu 32 Ahnen der Regenten Europas und ihrer Gemahlinnen, Berlin: J. A. Stargardt, 1898–1904, containing 79 charts of the sovereigns of Europe and their wives. This method became the most common method of numbering ancestors and is known as the Sosa–Stradonitz Method or Ahnentafel.
# Rainey's shrew

Rainey's shrew (Crocidura raineyi) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Mount Gargues in the Matthews Range of Kenya. Its natural habitat is montane forests.
# Saddle Peak Hills

The Saddle Peak Hills are a mountain range in the Mojave Desert, in northern San Bernardino County, southern California.
They are located within the southeastern corner of Death Valley National Park, northeast of the Avawatz Mountains.
# Scorpaenopsis eschmeyeri

Scorpaenopsis eschmeyeri is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This species is found in the south-western Pacific Ocean from Fiji to New Caledonia.

## Etymology

The fish is named for William N. Eschmeyer, in recognition of his research on the fishes of the family Scorpaenidae.

## Description

This species reaches a length of at least 11.5 cm (4.5 in).
# Stephan Katt

Stephan Katt (born 15 September 1979) is a German former speedway rider. He competed in grasstrack, longtrack and motorcycle speedway. He earned one international cap for the German national speedway team.

## Career

Katt was a member of Germany national long track team and is a six times World Team Champion. In addition, he also won the German national longtrack championship three times.
He rode in Britain for Somerset Rebels in 2003 and from 2006 to 2008.
In 2023, he was part of the German team, along with Erik Riss, Martin Smolinski and Jörg Tebbe, that won the silver medal at the 2023 Team Long Track World Championship.

## Results
### World Longtrack Championship

Grand-Prix
* 2000 - 1 apps (24th) 3pts
* 2001 - 4 apps (16th) 21pts
* 2002 - 5 apps (10th) 39pts
* 2003 - 4 apps (15th) 24pts
* 2004 - 4 apps (9th) 43pts
* 2005 - 3 apps (9th) 34pts
* 2006 - 1 app (22nd) 0pts
* 2007 - 3 apps (4th) 42pts
* 2008 - 4 apps (7th) 38pts
* 2009 - 3 apps (15th) 30pts
* 2010 - 6 apps (5th) 99pts
* 2011 - 6 apps (3rd) 101pts
* 2012 - 6 apps (8th) 77pts
* 2013 - 6 apps (13th) 56pts
* 2014 - 4 apps (6th) 52pts
* 2015 - 4 apps (13th) 27pts
* 2016 - 3 apps (15th) 16pts
Best Grand-Prix Results
* Saint-Macaire First 2007
* Mariánské Lázně First 2010, Third 2011
* Marmande Second 2014
* Morizès Third 2011, 2012
* Pfarrkirchen First 2010
* Vechta First 2011

### Team Championship

* 2007 Morizès (First) 21/51pts (Rode with Gerd Riss, Enrico Janoschka, Matthias Kröger)
* 2008 Werlte (First) 7/45pts (Rode with Gerd Riss, Bernd Diener, Matthias Kröger)
* 2009 Eenrum Did not compete
* 2010 Morizès (First) 14/49pts (Rode with Matthias Kröger, Richard Speiser, Martin Smolinski)
* 2011 Scheeßel (First) 19/56pts (Rode with Richard Speiser, Jorg Tebbe, Martin Smolinski)
* 2012 Saint-Macaire (First) 22/48 (Rode with Matthias Kröger, Jorg Tebbe, Bernd Diener)
* 2013 Folkestone (4th) 16/44pts (Rode with Richard Speiser, Jorg Tebbe, Enrico Janoschka)
* 2014 Forssa (First) 6/45pts (Rode with Enrico Janoschka, Jorg Tebbe, Erik Riss)
* 2015 Mühldorf (Second) 0/41pts (Rode with Jorg Tebbe, Michael Hartel, Erik Riss)
* 2016 Mariánské Lázně (Second) 2/44pts (Rode with Martin Smolinski, Jorg Tebbe, Michael Hartel)

## European Grasstrack Championship

* 1999 Semi-finalist
* 2000 Did not compete
* 2001 Did not compete
* 2002 Berghaupten (10th) 10pts
* 2003 Semi-finalist
* 2004 Eenrum (5th) 18pts
* 2005 Schwarme (6th) 11pts
* 2006 La Réole (champion) 18pts
* 2007 Folkestone (second) 13pts
* 2008 Siddeburen (14th) 6pts
* 2009 Berghaupten (champion) 17pts
* 2010 La Réole (18th) 1pt
* 2011 Skegness (11th) 8pts
* 2012 Eenrum (champion) 16pts
* 2013 Bielefeld (6th) 17pts
* 2014 Saint-Macaire (10th) 11pts
* 2015 Staphorst (third) 16pts
* 2016 Semi-finalist
# Amsterdamsestraatweg Water Tower

The Amsterdamsestraatweg Water Tower is located in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The water tower was built at Amsterdamsestraatweg 380 in 1916, in the style of the Amsterdam School. It became derelict in 1986 and was repeatedly squatted before its redevelopment into apartments began in 2020.

## History

The water tower was built in 1916 at Amsterdamsestraatweg 380 in Utrecht, in the style of the Amsterdam School. The architect was W.K. de Wijs. It was the fourth tower built by Utrechtsche Waterleiding Maatschappij and it stood on what was then the border of Utrecht and Zuilen. The watertower stands 42 metres high and when in use it had a reservoir of 1000m³ of drinking water.
Since 1986 it has been derelict. It was squatted for a time in the 1980s, then it was sold in 1989 and converted into office space. It became a rijksmonument in 2001.

## Protests

The Dutch squatting ban criminalised the occupation of derelict buildings in the Netherlands on 1 October 2010. In 2013, the water tower was squatted for three months. It was squatted again in 2014 by the same people in protest at it being left derelict. The building was then purchased by Chris Visscher who intended to make a restaurant in the tower and live above it.
The tower was occupied in October 2017, as a protest both against it being left empty and more generally against the criminalisation of squatting, which had occurred seven years earlier. Squatters took possession of the building at 14:00 and the police began to evict at 17:00. Seven people were arrested, six inside the watertower and one outside, for insulting the police. In the eventual court case, the group of six stood trial. One person was sentenced to a prison sentence of 7 days, because he had previously been convicted of the same offence (of squatting). The other five squatters received a fine of 500 euros. The judge did not agree with the defence's argument that people should not be convicted for making a protest, saying "Squatters are free to go to demonstrations and promulgate their ideals, but those ideals do not permit them to indulge in criminal activity."
In 2018, the building was again occupied, precisely eight years after criminalisation. It was evicted one day later and four squatters were arrested. They released a statement which said "In the last eight years, house prices have rocketed and the need for housing has also increased [...] Government and owners are not held responsible and not enough is done with long term empty properties".
Squatters attempted to occupy the building again in August 2019, but were unable to do so.

## Redevelopment

The owner Chris Visscher had stated in 2014 that the tower would be converted into a restaurant and four flats by mid 2015. He intended to convert the former reservoir into an apartment for himself with 360° views over Utrecht. In February 2020, the work finally began.
The architects, Zecc Architecten, have also redeveloped water towers in Sint Jansklooster (into a look-out tower), Den Bosch (into a restaurant and office), Lutten (into a bed and breakfast) en Soest (into housing).
# Stefan Čolović

Stefan Čolović may refer to:
* Stefan Čolović (Serbian footballer) (born 1994), Serbian football midfielder
* Stefan Čolović (Swiss footballer) (born 1994), Swiss football defender
# Amunia of San Millán

Saint Amunia of San Millán was a Benedictine hermit, from what is currently the La Rioja province in Northern Spain. She became a hermit after the death of her husband, following her daughter, St. Áurea, who was also a hermit. Both saints spent their contemplative lives at the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla in La Rioja. Amunia's feast day is March 11.
# Sarapuí River

There are two rivers named Sarapuí River in Brazil:
* Sarapuí River (São Paulo)
* Sarapuí River (Rio de Janeiro)
# Andreas Christian Iversen

Andreas Christian Iversen (25 February 1834 Janderup, Denmark – 6 September 1911 Earnscleugh, New Zealand) was a Danish-born New Zealand gold miner, orchardist and irrigator.
# Sarathchandra Rajakaruna

Rajakaruna Mohotti Appuhamillage piyadasa Sarathchandra Rajakaruna (known as Sarath Chandra Rajakaruna; 22 July 1940 – 10 January 2011) was a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
* This article about a politician from Western Province, Sri Lanka is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Saratha Goggins

Saratha A. Goggins (born 1950/51) is an American politician who served as the first woman mayor of East Cleveland, Ohio.

## Biography

Goggins served on the East Cleveland City Council for a very long time and eventually became its president. On September 1, 2004, she was sworn in as mayor of East Cleveland after the resignation of her predecessor who was convicted of racketeering, extortion, mail fraud, and tax evasion, making her the first female and 4th African-American mayor of East Cleveland.
In the October 2005 primary election, running as a Democrat, she was defeated by Eric J. Brewer who earned 54.90% of the vote to her 29.96% after news broke that she had been convicted in May 1983 of voluntary manslaughter in the stabbing to death her boyfriend on September 30, 1982. She stated that the stabbing was in self-defense.
# Sarathchandra

Sarathchandra or Sarath Chandra is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Dickson Sarathchandra Dela, Sri Lankan former governor
* Manoj Sarathchandra (born 1993), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Sarathchandra Rajakaruna (1940–2011), Sri Lankan politician
* Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma (born 1960), Indian songwriter and poet
# Sarah R. Atsatt

Sarah Rogers Atsatt (October 28, 1888 - December 12, 1971) was an American herpetologist. She was an authority on reptilian behavior, and the first woman professor in biology at UCLA.

## Early life and education

Sarah Rogers Atsatt was born in Mattapoisett, Massachusetts on October 28, 1888. She was descended on both sides of her family from arrivals to the US on the Mayflower. One of these ancestors was Miles Standish. The family moved to California in 1904, and Atsatt graduated from Pomona College in 1910.

## Career

Following graduation, Atsatt worked at the University of California, Berkeley, and taught biology at Mills College.
In 1915, she joined the Natural Science Department of the California State Normal School in Los Angeles. In 1919, this became the Southern Branch of the University of California. There, Atsatt was a "pioneer member of the biology department", teaching physiology and anatomy. She also taught at Scripps College between 1927 and 1933.
In 1931, Atsatt gained her doctorate from Berkeley, returning to UCLA in 1933 as a member of the Department of Biology (later zoology). She remained there until her retirement in 1955. Atsatt's principal research interest was herpetology, and particularly reptilian behavior. She spent September 1939 to January 1940 traveling through Southern and Central Africa.
Atsatt's major research contribution was “Color changes as controlled by temperature and light in the lizards of the desert regions of Southern California.” This was described as:
   an early and fundamental study in this field, carried out with careful attention to the control of experimental conditions, with precise characterization of the color changes, and with a correlation of laboratory findings and field observations.
As a professor, Atsatt introduced a number of innovations in the teaching of those courses for which she was responsible.

## Professional memberships

Atsatt was a member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, serving as president of its western division in 1936. She belonged to the Ecological Society of America, the Cooper Ornithological Society and The Herpetologists' League. In 1951, she became a council member of the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Death and legacy

Sarah Rogers Atsatt died on 12 December 1971 at Ojai, California. The University of California remembered her as:
   a warm human being particularly interested in human relationships, unstinting in helping others. She was the prime organizer of many weekend biological field trips, which included both students and faculty. She was the founder and for a long time the leader of the Bird Study Group of the Women's Faculty Club; she served on the University Welfare Committee of the Academic Senate. During the Nazi persecution of European scholars, she volunteered substantial aid to some of them. After her retirement, she was active in community affairs, became a precinct worker for her political party, and a deputy registrar of voters.
# Stephen Howard Naegle

Stephen Howard Naegle, American watercolor artist, was born in Toquerville, Utah in 1938. He attended first, Southern Utah University and later graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree and Master of Fine Arts Degree in 1968 and 1969, respectively, from Utah State University.
He taught art, drawing, ceramics and sculpture at Arkansas Polytechnic College, Russellville, Arkansas and Casper College, Casper Wyoming. Mr. Naegle created possibly thousands of watercolors in his short 42 years, as well as a number of major oil paintings.
A former student of Mr. Naegle decided to create a website documenting his life's work beginning in 2004. Three hundred seventeen art works are now documented on this website, . The site contains biographical information, a catalogue of works, photographs of many of his paintings, and a few short stories of his life. This is an educational, not-for-profit website. A work in progress, additional works are sought to broaden the depth of the artist's work.
Publications containing information regarding Mr. Naegle are: 1.) Masters of Western Art, Mary Carroll Nelson, Watson/Guptill Publications, New York, 1981. 2.) Stephen Naegle, a booklet, Nicolaysen Art Museum, Casper, Wyoming, 1988. 3.) Plant Forms and Weathered Buildings in Watercolor, Master's Thesis on Microfilm, Stephen H. Naegle, Utah State University, Merril-Cazier Library, 1969.
4.) Southwest Art Magazine, Annual Collectors Edition, October 1980. Stephen Naegle exhibit announced by C. G. Rein Galleries of Scottsdale, Arizona, page 22, exhibit opening October 23, 1980. Naegle oil painting, Navajo Sandstone - Sunrise, 50 by 60 inches displayed in the ad copy. Rein calls Mr. Naegle a contemporary "luminist". 5.) Online at Naeglefriends.org, 317 documented works, many with images, most in color. Also biographical information, short stories about the painter, and information about submissions for adding Naegle paintings to the Naegle Catalogue of Works, 2004 - 2007.
# Saratoga Township, Marshall County, Illinois

Saratoga Township is located in Marshall County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 286 and it contained 135 housing units. Saratoga Township formed from a portion of Whitefield Township sometime before 1860.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.96 square miles (93.1 km$^2$), of which 35.9 square miles (93 km$^2$) (or 99.83%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$) (or 0.17%) is water.
# Sterile alpha motif domain containing 11

Sterile alpha motif domain containing 11 is a protein that is encoded by the SAMD11 gene in humans.
# Saralasin

Saralasin is a competitive angiotensin II receptor antagonist with partial agonistic activity. The aminopeptide sequence for saralasin differs from angiotensin II at three sites:
* At position 1, sarcosine replaces aspartic acid, thereby increasing the affinity for vascular smooth muscle AT II receptors and making sara resistant to degradation by aminopeptidases.
* At position 5, isoleucine is replaced by valine
* At position 8, phenylalanine is replaced by alanine which leads to a smaller stimulatory effect. Saralasin was used to distinguish renovascular hypertension from essential hypertension before its discontinuation in January 1984 because of many false-positive and false-negative reports.
# Steria (creek)

The Steria or Cervo is a 9.6-kilometre (6.0 mi) stream of Liguria (Italy).

## Geography

The creek is formed at Monte Lago (Ligurian Prealps, 774 m) in comune of Villa Faraldi, and flows at first heading South-East; near Riva Faraldi it turns South and receives from the left hand Fontana and Paniga creeks. After leaving Villa Faraldi it enters San Bartolomeo al Mare municipality; between Molino del Fico and borgata Freschi gets the waters of its main tributary, torrente di Tovo. The Steria marks then the border between the municipalities of San Bartolomeo al Mare (West) and Cervo following southwards and, after being crossed by Genoa–Ventimiglia railway, Autostrada A10 and Aurelia national road, ends its course in the Ligurian Sea.
Steria basin (22 km2) is totally included in the Province of Imperia. Its valley borders to the West with San Pietro valley, to the North and East with Merula valley.

### Main tributaries

* Right hand:
** rio Sorba,
** rio Campanaudo,
** rio Roccafessa,
** rio del Bosco.
* Left hand:
** rio Fontana,
** rio Paniga,
** torrente del Tovo: rises not faraway from Tovo Faraldi and ends in the Steria nearby the village of Freschi,
** rio Gazzelli.

## Fishing

The Steria is considered suitable for fishing trouts in its upper course, while going downstream Cyprinidae tend to prevail.
# Sasha Gotsmanov

Sasha Gotsmanov (born September 19, 1982, in Minsk, Belarus) is an American-Belarusian soccer player, who spent one season in the MLS and two in the USL First Division.
Sasha was born into a soccer family. His father, Sergey Gotsmanov was a member of the Soviet Union national team that were runners-up for the 1988 European Football Championship. His mother, Olga, was the Belarusian national gymnastics coach. When Sasha was 15 his family moved from Belarus to Minnesota, so that Sergei could play for the Minnesota Thunder. Meanwhile, Sasha became a star player at the high school level.
In 2001, he enrolled under scholarship at the University of Rhode Island where he would play soccer for the next four years. During his time with Rhode Island he played in 82 games, scored 35 goals and assisted on 19. He was named Atlantic 10 Player of the Year in 2004.
On 8 April 2005 he signed with the Colorado Rapids as a developmental player. In 2005, he played most of the year with the Rapids Reserve team and was named the Reserves Most Valuable Player. He earned his lone MLS appearance on October 12 against Real Salt Lake. In the beginning of June 2006 he was loaned to the Minnesota Thunder but returned to the Rapids in July. At the end of the season, Gotsmanov was waived by the team. For the 2007 season, he signed up with the Thunder again, this time on a permanent deal.
He has a younger brother, Andrei, who played for the NSC Minnesota Stars.
# Anas Mostafa

Anas Mostafa is an Egyptian fencer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's foil, but was defeated in the first round.
# Sashatherina giganteus

Sashatherina giganteus is a species of freshwater silverside endemic to Lake Lakama in West Papua, Indonesia. It grows to 18.0 cm (7.1 in) in total length. This recently described species is the only known member of its genus.