# Reveal system

A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist James Reveal (1941-2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lecture notes comparing the major systems in use at that time. Subsequently, Reveal became an author with the consensus Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) on the APG II 2003 and APG III 2009 processes. Although this largely supplanted the earlier and competing systems, he collaborated with Robert Thorne on his system (2007), and subsequently continued to develop his own system.

## 1997 system

* division Magnoliophyta [= angiosperms]
    class Magnoliopsida
       subclass Magnoliidae
    class Piperopsida
       subclass Piperidae
       subclass Nymphaeidae
       subclass Nelumbonidae
    class Liliopsida [= monocots]
       subclass Triurididae
       subclass Aridae
       subclass Liliidae
       subclass Arecidae
       subclass Commelinidae
       subclass Zingiberidae
    class Ranunculopsida
       subclass Ranunculidae
    class Rosopsida
       subclass Caryophyllidae
       subclass Hamamelididae
       subclass Dilleniidae
       subclass Rosidae
       subclass Cornidae
       subclass Lamiidae
       subclass Asteridae
In more detail:
* division 6. Magnoliophyta
    class 1. Magnoliopsida
       subclass 1. Magnoliidae
          superorder 1. Magnolianae
             order 1. Winterales
                family 1. Winteraceae
             order 2. Canellales
                family 1. Canellaceae
             order 3. Illiciales
                family 1. Illiciaceae
                family 2. Schisandraceae
             order 4. Magnoliales
                family 1. Degeneriaceae
                family 2. Himantandraceae
                family 3. Magnoliaceae
             order 5. Eupomatiales
                family 1. Eupomatiaceae
             order 6. Annonales
                family 1. Annonaceae
             order 7. Myristicales
                family 1. Myristicaceae
             order 8. Austrobaileyales
                family 1. Austrobaileyaceae
          superorder 2. Lauranae
             order 1. Laurales
                family 1. Amborellaceae
                family 2. Trimeniaceae
                family 3. Monimiaceae
                family 4. Gomortegaceae
                family 5. Hernandiaceae
                family 6. Lauraceae
             order 2. Calycanthales
                family 1. Calycanthaceae
                family 2. Idiospermaceae (now part of Calycantaceae)
             order 3. Chloranthales
                family 1. Chloranthaceae
    class 2. Piperopsida
       subclass 1. Piperidae
          superorder 1. Piperanae
             order 1. Piperales
                family 1. Saururaceae
                family 2. Piperaceae
          superorder 2. Lactoridanae
             order 1. Lactoridales
                family 1. Lactoridaceae
             order 2. Aristolochiales
                family 1. Aristolochiaceae
          superorder 3. Rafflesianae
             order 1. Hydnorales
                family 1. Hydnoraceae
             order 2. Rafflesiales
                family 1. Apodanthaceae
                family 2. Mitrastemonaceae
                family 3. Rafflesiaceae
                family 4. Cytinaceae
          superorder 4. Balanophoranae
             order 1. Cynomoriales
                family 1. Cynomoriaceae
             order 2. Balanophorales
                family 1. Mystropetalaceae
                family 2. Dactylanthaceae
                family 3. Lophophytaceae
                family 4. Sarcophytaceae
                family 5. Scybaliaceae
                family 6. Heloseaceae
                family 7. Langsdorffiaceae
                family 8. Balanophoraceae
       subclass 2. Nymphaeidae
          superorder 1. Nymphaeanae
             order 1. Nymphaeales
                family 1. Nymphaeaceae
                family 2. Barclayaceae
       subclass 3. Nelumbonidae
          superorder 1. Nelumbonanae
             order 1. Nelumbonales
                family 1. Nelumbonaceae
             order 2. Hydropeltidales
                family 1. Hydropeltidaceae
                family 2. Cabombaceae
          superorder 2. Ceratophyllanae
             order 1. Ceratophyllales
                family 1. Ceratophyllaceae
    class 3. Liliopsida
       subclass 1. Alismatidae
          superorder 1. Butomanae
             order 1. Butomales
                family 1. Butomaceae
          superorder 2. Alismatanae
             order 1. Alismatales
                family 1. Limnocharitaceae
                family 2. Alismataceae
             order 2. Hydrocharitales
                family 1. Hydrocharitaceae
             order 3. Aponogetonales
                family 1. Aponogetonaceae
             order 4. Najadales
                family 1. Najadaceae
             order 5. Juncaginales
                family 1. Scheuchzeriaceae
                family 2. Juncaginaceae
             order 6. Potamogetonales
                family 1. Potamogetonaceae
                family 2. Ruppiaceae
                family 3. Zannichelliaceae
                family 4. Zosteraceae
                family 5. Posidoniaceae
                family 6. Cymodoceaceae
       subclass 2. Triurididae
          superorder 1. Triuridanae
             order 1. Triuridales
                family 1. Triuridaceae
       subclass 3. Aridae
          superorder 1. Acoranae
             order 1. Acorales
                family 1. Acoraceae
          superorder 2. Aranae
             order 1. Arales
                family 1. Araceae
          superorder 3. Cyclanthanae
             order 1. Cyclanthales
                family 1. Cyclanthaceae
          superorder 4. Pandananae
             order 1. Pandanales
                family 1. Pandanaceae
       subclass 4. Liliidae
             order 1. Lilianae
             order 1. Tofieldiales
                family 1. Tofieldiaceae
             order 2. Dioscoreales
                family 1. Trichopodaceae
                family 2. Stenomeridaceae
                family 3. Avetraceae
                family 4. Dioscoreaceae
                family 5. Stemonaceae
                family 6. Croomiaceae
                family 7. Pentastemonaceae
                family 8. Taccaceae
             order 3. Smilacales
                family 1. Ripogonaceae
                family 2. Smilacaceae
                family 3. Petermanniaceae
             order 4. Nartheciales
                family 1. Nartheciaceae
             order 5. Petrosaviales
                family 1. Petrosaviaceae
             order 6. Melanthiales
                family 1. Chionographidaceae
                family 2. Heloniadaceae
                family 3. Xerophyllaceae
                family 4. Melanthiaceae
                family 5. Japonoliriaceae
                family 6. Campynemataceae
             order 7. Trilliales
                family 1. Trilliaceae
             order 8. Alstroemeriales
                family 1. Alstroemeriaceae
             order 9. Colchicales
                family 1. Burchardiaceae
                family 2. Colchicaceae
                family 3. Tricyrtidaceae
                family 4. Uvulariaceae
                family 5. Scoliopaceae
                family 6. Calochortaceae
             order 10. Liliales
                family 1. Liliaceae
                family 2. Medeolaceae
             order 11. Hypoxidales
                family 1. Hypoxidaceae
             order 12. Orchidales
                family 1. Orchidaceae
             order 13. Tecophilaeales
                family 1. Lanariaceae
                family 2. Ixioliriaceae
                family 3. Walleriaceae
                family 4. Tecophilaeaceae
                family 5. Cyanastraceae
                family 6. Eriospermaceae
             order 14. Iridales
                family 1. Iridaceae
             order 15. Burmanniales
                family 1. Burmanniaceae
                family 2. Corsiaceae
             order 16. Amaryllidales
                family 1. Hyacinthaceae
                family 2. Themidaceae
                family 3. Alliaceae
                family 4. Hesperocallidaceae
                family 5. Amaryllidaceae
             order 17. Asparagales
                family 2. Convallariaceae
                family 3. Ophiopogonaceae
                family 4. Asparagaceae
             order 18. Asteliales
                family 1. Dracaenaceae
                family 2. Ruscaceae
                family 3. Nolinaceae
                family 4. Asteliaceae
                family 6. Geitonoplesiaceae
                family 7. Luzuriagaceae
                family 8. Philesiaceae
             order 19. Hanguanales
                family 1. Hanguanaceae
             order 20. Agavales
                family 1. Dasypogonaceae
                family 2. Calectasiaceae
                family 3. Hemerocallidaceae
                family 4. Blandfordiaceae
                family 5. Xanthorrhoeaceae
                family 6. Agavaceae
                family 7. Anthericaceae
                family 8. Laxmanniaceae
                family 9. Herreriaceae
                family 10. Phormiaceae
                family 11. Johnsoniaceae
                family 12. Doryanthaceae
                family 13. Asphodelaceae
                family 14. Aloaceae
                family 15. Aphyllanthaceae
                family 16. Hostaceae
       subclass 5. Arecidae
          superorder 1. Arecanae
             order 1. Arecales
                family 1. Arecaceae
       subclass 6. Commelinidae
          superorder 1. Bromelianae
             order 1. Bromeliales
                family 1. Bromeliaceae
             order 2. Velloziales
                family 1. Velloziaceae
          superorder 2. Pontederianae
             order 1. Haemodorales
                family 1. Haemodoraceae
             order 2. Philydrales
                family 1. Philydraceae
             order 3. Pontederiales
                family 1. Pontederiaceae
          superorder 3. Commelinanae
             order 1. Xyridales
                family 1. Rapateaceae
                family 2. Xyridaceae
                family 3. Mayacaceae
             order 2. Commelinales
                family 1. Commelinaceae
             order 3. Eriocaulales
                family 1. Eriocaulaceae
          superorder 4. Hydatellanae
             order 1. Hydatellales
                family 1. Hydatellaceae
          superorder 5. Typhanae
             order 1. Typhales
                family 1. Typhaceae
                family 2. Sparganiaceae
          superorder 6. Juncanae
             order 1. Juncales
                family 1. Juncaceae
                family 2. Thurniaceae
             order 2. Cyperales
                family 1. Cyperaceae
             order 3. Flagellariales
             order 4. Restionales
                family 1. Flagellariaceae
                family 2. Joinvilleaceae
                family 3. Restionaceae
                family 4. Anarthriaceae
                family 5. Ecdeiocoleaceae
                family 6. Centrolepidaceae
             order 5. Poales
                family 1. Poaceae
       subclass 7. Zingiberidae
          superorder 1. Zingiberanae
             order 1. Zingiberales
                family 1. Strelitziaceae
                family 2. Heliconiaceae
                family 3. Musaceae
                family 4. Lowiaceae
                family 5. Zingiberaceae
                family 6. Costaceae
                family 7. Cannaceae
                family 8. Marantaceae
    class 4. Ranunculopsida
       subclass 1. Ranunculidae
          superorder 1. Ranunculanae
             order 1. Lardizabalales
                family 1. Lardizabalaceae
                family 2. Sargentodoxaceae
                family 3. Decaisneaceae
             order 2. Menispermales
                family 1. Menispermaceae
             order 3. Berberidales
                family 1. Nandinaceae
                family 2. Berberidaceae
                family 3. Ranzaniaceae
                family 4. Podophyllaceae
                family 5. Leonticaceae
             order 4. Ranunculales
                family 1. Hydrastidaceae
                family 2. Ranunculaceae
             order 5. Circaeasterales
                family 1. Kingdoniaceae
                family 2. Circaeasteraceae
             order 6. Glaucidiales
                family 1. Glaucidiaceae
             order 7. Paeoniales
                family 1. Paeoniaceae
             order 8. Papaverales
                family 1. Pteridophyllaceae
                family 2. Papaveraceae
    class 5. Rosopsida
       subclass 1. Caryophyllidae
          superorder 1. Caryophyllanae
             order 1. Caryophyllales
                family 1. Achatocarpaceae
                family 2. Portulacaceae
                family 3. Hectorellaceae
                family 4. Basellaceae
                family 5. Didiereaceae
                family 6. Cactaceae
                family 7. Stegnospermataceae
                family 8. Phytolaccaceae
                family 9. Petiveriaceae
                family 10. Gisekiaceae
                family 11. Agdestidaceae
                family 12. Barbeuiaceae
                family 13. Nyctaginaceae
                family 14. Sarcobataceae
                family 15. Aizoaceae
                family 16. Sesuviaceae
                family 17. Tetragoniaceae
                family 18. Halophytaceae
                family 19. Molluginaceae
                family 20. Chenopodiaceae
                family 21. Amaranthaceae
                family 22. Caryophyllaceae
          superorder 2. Polygonanae
             order 1. Polygonales
                family 1. Polygonaceae
          superorder 3. Plumbaginanae
             order 1. Plumbaginales
                family 1. Plumbaginaceae
       subclass 2. Hamamelididae
          superorder 1. Trochodendranae
             order 1. Trochodendrales
                family 1. Trochodendraceae
                family 2. Tetracentraceae
             order 2. Eupteleales
                family 1. Eupteleaceae
             order 3. Cercidiphyllales
                family 1. Cercidiphyllaceae
          superorder 2. Myrothamnanae
             order 1. Myrothamnales
                family 1. Myrothamnaceae
          superorder 3. Hamamelidanae
             order 1. Hamamelidales
                family 1. Hamamelidaceae
                family 2. Altingiaceae
                family 3. Platanaceae
          superorder 4. Casuarinanae
             order 1. Casuarinales
                family 1. Casuarinaceae
          superorder 5. Daphniphyllanae
             order 1. Barbeyales
                family 1. Barbeyaceae
             order 2. Daphniphyllales
                family 1. Daphniphyllaceae
             order 3. Balanopales
                family 1. Balanopaceae
             order 4. Didymelales
                family 1. Didymelaceae
             order 5. Buxales
                family 1. Buxaceae
             order 6. Simmondsiales
                family 1. Simmondsiaceae
          superorder 6. Juglandanae
             order 1. Fagales
                family 1. Nothofagaceae
                family 2. Fagaceae
             order 2. Corylales
                family 1. Betulaceae
                family 2. Corylaceae
                family 2. Stylocerataceae
                family 3. Ticodendraceae
             order 3. Myricales
                family 1. Myricaceae
             order 4. Rhoipteleales
                family 1. Rhoipteleaceae
             order 5. Juglandales
                family 1. Juglandaceae
       subclass 3. Dilleniidae
          superorder 1. Dillenianae
             order 1. Dilleniales
                family 1. Dilleniaceae
          superorder 2. Theanae
             order 1. Paracryphiales
                family 1. Paracryphiaceae
             order 2. Theales
                family 1. Stachyuraceae
                family 2. Theaceae
                family 3. Asteropeiaceae
                family 4. Pentaphylacaceae
                family 5. Tetrameristaceae
                family 6. Oncothecaceae
                family 7. Marcgraviaceae
                family 8. Caryocaraceae
                family 9. Pellicieraceae
                family 10. Clusiaceae
             order 3. Physenales
                family 1. Physenaceae
             order 4. Ochnales
                family 1. Medusagynaceae
                family 2. Strasburgeriaceae
                family 3. Scytopetalaceae
                family 4. Ochnaceae
                family 5. Quiinaceae
             order 5. Elatinales
                family 1. Elatinaceae
             order 6. Ancistrocladales
                family 1. Ancistrocladaceae
             order 7. Dioncophyllales
                family 1. Dioncophyllaceae
          superorder 3. Lecythidanae
             order 1. Lecythidales
                family 1. Lecythidaceae
                family 2. Asteranthaceae
                family 3. Napoleonaeaceae
                family 4. Foetidiaceae
          superorder 4. Sarracenianae
             order 1. Sarraceniales
                family 1. Sarraceniaceae
          superorder 5. Nepenthanae
             order 1. Nepenthales
                family 1. Nepenthaceae
             order 2. Droserales
                family 1. Droseraceae
          superorder 6. Ericanae
             order 1. Actinidiales
                family 1. Actinidiaceae
             order 2. Ericales
                family 1. Cyrillaceae
                family 2. Clethraceae
                family 3. Ericaceae
             order 3. Diapensiales
                family 1. Diapensiaceae
             order 4. Bruniales
                family 1. Bruniaceae
                family 2. Grubbiaceae
             order 5. Geissolomatales
                family 1. Geissolomataceae
             order 6. Fouquieriales
                family 1. Fouquieriaceae
          superorder 7. Primulanae
             order 1. Styracales
                family 1. Styracaceae
                family 2. Symplocaceae
                family 3. Ebenaceae
                family 4. Lissocarpaceae
                family 5. Sapotaceae
             order 2. Primulales
                family 1. Theophrastaceae
                family 2. Myrsinaceae
                family 3. Primulaceae
          superorder 8. Violanae
             order 1. Violales
                family 1. Berberidopsidaceae
                family 2. Aphloiaceae
                family 3. Bembiciaceae
                family 4. Flacourtiaceae
                family 5. Lacistemataceae
                family 6. Peridiscaceae
                family 7. Violaceae
                family 8. Dipentodontaceae
                family 9. Scyphostegiaceae
             order 2. Passiflorales
                family 1. Passifloraceae
                family 2. Turneriaceae
                family 3. Malesherbiaceae
                family 4. Achariaceae
             order 3. Caricales
                family 1. Caricaceae
             order 4. Salicales
                family 1. Salicaceae
             order 5. Elaeocarpales
                family 1. Elaeocarpaceae
             order 6. Tamaricales
                family 1. Tamaricaceae
                family 2. Frankeniaceae
          superorder 9. Capparanae
             order 1. Moringales
                family 1. Moringaceae
             order 2. Gyrostemonales
                family 1. Gyrostemonaceae
             order 3. Batales
                family 1. Bataceae
             order 4. Capparales
                family 1. Koeberliniaceae
                family 2. Pentadiplandraceae
                family 3. Capparaceae
                family 4. Brassicaceae
                family 5. Tovariaceae
                family 6. Resedaceae
          superorder 10. Malvanae
             order 1. Cistales
                family 1. Bixaceae
                family 2. Cochlospermaceae
                family 3. Cistaceae
                family 4. Diegodendraceae
             order 2. Malvales
                family 1. Tiliaceae
                family 2. Dirachmaceae
                family 3. Monotaceae
                family 4. Dipterocarpaceae
                family 5. Sarcolaenaceae
                family 6. Plagiopteraceae
                family 7. Huaceae
                family 8. Sterculiaceae
                family 9. Sphaerosepalaceae
                family 10. Bombacaceae
                family 11. Malvaceae
             order 3. Thymelaeales
                family 1. Gonystylaceae
                family 2. Thymelaeaceae
          superorder 11. Cucurbitanae
             order 1. Begoniales
                family 1. Datiscaceae
                family 2. Begoniaceae
             order 2. Cucurbitales
                family 1. Cucurbitaceae
          superorder 12. Urticanae
             order 1. Urticales
                family 1. Ulmaceae
                family 2. Celtidaceae
                family 3. Moraceae
                family 4. Cecropiaceae
                family 5. Urticaceae
                family 6. Cannabaceae
          superorder 13. Euphorbianae
             order 1. Euphorbiales
                family 1. Euphorbiaceae
                family 2. Pandaceae
                family 3. Dichapetalaceae
       subclass 4. Rosidae
          superorder 1. Saxifraganae
             order 1. Cunoniales
                family 1. Cunoniaceae
                family 2. Davidsoniaceae
                family 3. Eucryphiaceae
                family 4. Brunelliaceae
             order 2. Cephalotales
                family 1. Cephalotaceae
             order 3. Greyiales
                family 1. Greyiaceae
             order 4. Francoales
                family 1. Francoaceae
             order 5. Crossosomatales
                family 1. Crossosomataceae
             order 6. Saxifragales
                family 1. Tetracarpaeaceae
                family 2. Penthoraceae
                family 3. Crassulaceae
                family 4. Grossulariaceae
                family 5. Pterostemonaceae
                family 6. Iteaceae
                family 7. Saxifragaceae
          superorder 2. Podostemanae
             order 1. Gunnerales
                family 1. Gunneraceae
             order 2. Haloragales
                family 1. Haloragaceae
             order 3. Podostemales
                family 1. Podostemaceae
          superorder 3. Celastranae
             order 1. Brexiales
                family 1. Brexiaceae
             order 2. Parnassiales
                family 1. Parnassiaceae
                family 2. Lepuropetalaceae
             order 3. Celastrales
                family 1. Celastraceae
                family 2. Goupiaceae
                family 3. Lophopyxidaceae
                family 4. Stackhousiaceae
             order 4. Salvadorales
                family 1. Salvadoraceae
             order 5. Aquifoliales
                family 1. Aquifoliaceae
                family 2. Phellinaceae
                family 3. Sphenostemonaceae
                family 4. Icacinaceae
                family 5. Cardiopteridaceae
                family 6. Aextoxicaceae
             order 6. Corynocarpales
                family 1. Corynocarpaceae
          superorder 4. Santalanae
             order 1. Medusandrales
                family 1. Medusandraceae
             order 2. Santalales
                family 1. Olacaceae
                family 2. Opiliaceae
                family 3. Santalaceae
                family 4. Misodendraceae
                family 5. Loranthaceae
                family 6. Eremolepidaceae
                family 7. Viscaceae
          superorder 5. Rosanae
             order 1. Rosales
                family 1. Rosaceae
                family 2. Neuradaceae
                family 3. Chrysobalanaceae
          superorder 6. Geranianae
             order 1. Geraniales
                family 1. Oxalidaceae
                family 2. Geraniaceae
             order 2. Linales
                family 1. Hugoniaceae
                family 2. Linaceae
                family 3. Ctenolophonaceae
                family 4. Ixonanthaceae
                family 5. Humiriaceae
                family 6. Erythroxylaceae
                family 7. Zygophyllaceae
             order 3. Balsaminales
                family 1. Balsaminaceae
             order 4. Vochysiales
                family 1. Malpighiaceae
                family 2. Trigoniaceae
                family 3. Vochysiaceae
                family 4. Tremandraceae
                family 5. Krameriaceae
             order 5. Polygalales
                family 1. Polygalaceae
                family 2. Xanthophyllaceae
                family 3. Emblingiaceae
          superorder 7. Fabanae
             order 1. Fabales
                family 1. Mimosaceae
                family 2. Caesalpiniaceae
                family 3. Fabaceae
          superorder 8. Rutanae
             order 1. Sapindales
                family 1. Staphyleaceae
                family 2. Tapisciaceae
                family 3. Melianthaceae
                family 4. Sapindaceae
                family 5. Hippocastanaceae
                family 6. Aceraceae
                family 7. Bretschneideraceae
                family 8. Akaniaceae
             order 2. Tropaeolales
                family 1. Tropaeolaceae
             order 3. Limnanthales
                family 1. Limnanthaceae
             order 4. Sabiales
                family 1. Sabiaceae
             order 5. Connarales
                family 1. Connaraceae
             order 6. Rutales
                family 1. Rutaceae
                family 2. Rhabdodendraceae
                family 3. Cneoraceae
                family 4. Simaroubaceae
                family 5. Picramniaceae
                family 6. Leitneriaceae
                family 7. Surianaceae
                family 8. Irvingiaceae
                family 9. Kirkiaceae
                family 10. Ptaeroxylaceae
                family 11. Tepuianthaceae
                family 12. Meliaceae
                family 13. Lepidobotryaceae
             order 7. Coriariales
                family 1. Coriariaceae
             order 8. Burserales
                family 1. Burseraceae
                family 2. Anacardiaceae
                family 3. Podoaceae
          superorder 9. Rhamnanae
             order 1. Rhamnales
                family 1. Rhamnaceae
             order 2. Elaeagnales
                family 1. Elaeagnaceae
          superorder 10. Proteanae
             order 1. Proteales
                family 1. Proteaceae
          superorder 11. Vitanae
             order 1. Vitales
                family 1. Vitaceae
                family 2. Leeaceae
          superorder 12. Rhizophoranae
             order 1. Rhizophorales
                family 1. Anisophylleaceae
                family 2. Rhizophoraceae
          superorder 13. Myrtanae
             order 1. Myrtales
                family 1. Combretaceae
                family 2. Crypteroniaceae
                family 3. Melastomataceae
                family 4. Psiloxylaceae
                family 5. Heteropyxidaceae
                family 6. Myrtaceae
                family 7. Alzateaceae
                family 8. Rhynchocalycaceae
                family 9. Penaeaceae
                family 10. Oliniaceae
                family 11. Lythraceae
                family 12. Trapaceae
                family 13. Onagraceae
       subclass. 5 Cornidae
          superorder 1. Cornanae
             order 1. Hydrangeales
                family 1. Escalloniaceae
                family 2. Hydrangeaceae
                family 3. Abrophyllaceae
                family 4. Argophyllaceae
                family 5. Corokiaceae
                family 6. Alseuosmiaceae
                family 7. Carpodetaceae
                family 8. Phyllonomaceae
                family 9. Pottingeriaceae
                family 10. Tribelaceae
                family 11. Melanophyllaceae
                family 12. Montiniaceae
                family 13. Kaliphoraceae
                family 14. Eremosynaceae
                family 15. Vahliaceae
                family 16. Columelliaceae
             order 2. Roridulales
                family 1. Roridulaceae
             order 3. Garryales
                family 1. Aucubaceae
                family 2. Garryaceae
             order 4. Desfontainiales
                family 1. Desfontainiaceae
             order 5. Aralidiales
                family 1. Aralidiaceae
             order 6. Cornales
                family 1. Mastixiaceae
                family 2. Davidiaceae
                family 3. Nyssaceae
                family 4. Curtisiaceae
                family 5. Cornaceae
                family 6. Alangiaceae
                family 7. Griseliniaceae
          superorder 2. Eucommianae
             order 1. Eucommiales
                family 1. Eucommiaceae
          superorder 3. Aralianae
             order 1. Torricelliales
                family 1. Helwingiaceae
                family 2. Torricelliaceae
             order 2. Pittosporales
                family 1. Pittosporaceae
             order 3. Byblidales
                family 1. Byblidaceae
             order 4. Araliales
                family 1. Araliaceae
                family 2. Hydrocotylaceae
                family 3. Apiaceae
          superorder 4. Dipsacanae
             order 1. Dipsacales
                family 1. Viburnaceae
                family 2. Sambucaceae
                family 3. Adoxaceae
                family 4. Caprifoliaceae
                family 5. Valerianaceae
                family 6. Dipsacaceae
                family 7. Morinaceae
       subclass 6. Lamiidae
          superorder 1. Gentiananae
             order 1. Gentianales
                family 1. Gelsemiaceae
                family 2. Loganiaceae
                family 3. Strychnaceae
                family 4. Gentianaceae
                family 5. Saccifoliaceae
                family 6. Geniostomaceae
                family 7. Plocospermataceae
             order 2. Rubiales
                family 1. Dialypetalanthaceae
                family 2. Rubiaceae
                family 3. Carlemanniaceae
             order 3. Apocynales
                family 1. Apocynaceae
          superorder 2. Solananae
             order 1. Solanales
                family 1. Solanaceae
                family 2. Sclerophylacaceae
                family 3. Goetzeaceae
                family 4. Duckeodendraceae
                family 5. Convolvulaceae
                family 6. Cuscutaceae
                family 7. Polemoniaceae
                family 8. Hydrophyllaceae
                family 9. Boraginaceae
                family 10. Tetrachondraceae
                family 11. Hoplestigmataceae
                family 12. Lennoaceae
          superorder 3. Loasanae
             order 1. Loasales
                family 1. Loasaceae
          superorder 4. Oleanae
             order 1. Oleales
                family 1. Oleaceae
          superorder 5. Lamianae
             order 1. Lamiales
                family 1. Buddlejaceae
                family 2. Stilbaceae
                family 3. Bignoniaceae
                family 4. Paulowniaceae
                family 5. Schlegeliaceae
                family 6. Globulariaceae
                family 7. Scrophulariaceae
                family 8. Veronicaceae
                family 9. Orobanchaceae
                family 10. Oftiaceae
                family 11. Myoporaceae
                family 12. Callitrichaceae
                family 13. Gesneriaceae
                family 14. Plantaginaceae
                family 15. Pedaliaceae
                family 16. Martyniaceae
                family 17. Trapellaceae
                family 18. Acanthaceae
                family 19. Lentibulariaceae
                family 20. Verbenaceae
                family 21. Phrymaceae
                family 22. Cyclocheilaceae
                family 23. Avicenniaceae
                family 24. Lamiaceae
             order 2. Hydrostachyales
                family 1. Hydrostachyaceae
             order 3. Hippuridales
                family 1. Hippuridaceae
       subclass 7. Asteridae
          superorder Campanulanae
             order 1. Menyanthales
                family 1. Menyanthaceae
             order 2. Goodeniales
                family 1. Goodeniaceae
             order 3. Stylidiales
                family 1. Donatiaceae
                family 2. Stylidiaceae
             order 4. Campanulales
                family 1. Pentaphragmataceae
                family 2. Sphenocleaceae
                family 3. Campanulaceae
          superorder 2. Asteranae
             order 1. Calycerales
                family 1. Calyceraceae
             order 2. Asterales
                family 1. Asteraceae