OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dawa Khan Menapal

Dawa Khan Menapal (died 6 August 2021; sometimes written Meenapal, Minapal or Mina Pal) was the director of the Afghanistan government's media and information centre, and worked as a spokesman for Afghan President Ashraf Ghani. He had previously been a journalist for Radio Azadi (formerly Radio Free Afghanistan).
Menapal obtained a degree in Law and Political Science at Kabul University.
In 2008 he was kidnapped by the Taliban on the Kabul-Kandahar highway, but released three days later after protests by tribal leaders who respected his journalism as balanced and fair. In 2009, he was assaulted by Afghan police.
He won the David Burke Award for Distinguished Journalism in 2010, "for his professionalism in reporting from Kandahar, Afghanistan, despite harassment by government authorities and militants."
On 6 August 2021 he was assassinated by the Taliban, during their retaking of the country. A Taliban spokesman said he had been "punished for his deeds". He was attacked by gunmen on Darul Aman Road in Kabul while going to Friday prayers.
# Schnaudertal

Schnaudertal is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Bröckau and Wittgendorf.
# 2019 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux

The 2019 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is the twelfth edition of the tournament and part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It takes place in Bordeaux, France between 29 April and 5 May 2019.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Lucas Pouille | 32 | 1 |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 56 | 2 |
| FRA | Jo-Wilfried Tsonga | 99 | 3 |
| FRA | Grégoire Barrère | 119 | 4 |
| FRA | Antoine Hoang | 135 | 5 |
| ITA | Gianluca Mager | 144 | 6 |
| GER | Oscar Otte | 146 | 7 |
| USA | Marcos Giron | 157 | 8 |
| SWE | Mikael Ymer | 176 | 9 |
| BEL | Kimmer Coppejans | 182 | 10 |
| SVK | Filip Horanský | 187 | 11 |
| FRA | Quentin Halys | 191 | 12 |
| ITA | Roberto Marcora | 194 | 13 |
| FRA | Maxime Janvier | 201 | 14 |
| CZE | Zdeněk Kolář | 220 | 15 |
| ESP | Tommy Robredo | 224 | 16 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 22 April 2019.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Pierre Delage
* Laurent Lokoli
* Matteo Martineau
* Lucas Pouille
* Jo-Wilfried Tsonga
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Oscar Otte
The following players received entry into the singles main draw using their ITF World Tennis Ranking:
* Raúl Brancaccio
* Evan Furness
* Grégoire Jacq
* Karim-Mohamed Maamoun
* Oriol Roca Batalla
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Hugo Nys
* Albano Olivetti

## Champions
### Singles

* Lucas Pouille def. Mikael Ymer 6–3, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Grégoire Barrère / Quentin Halys def. Romain Arneodo / Hugo Nys 6–4, 6–1.
# Signal compression

Signal compression is the use of various techniques to increase the quality or quantity of signal parameters transmitted through a given telecommunications channel.
Types of signal compression include:
* Bandwidth compression
* Data compression
* Dynamic range compression
* Gain compression
* Image compression
* Lossy compression
* One-way compression function
# Abubakarpur Union

Abubakarpur is a union territory of Char Fasson Upazila in Bhola district in Bangladesh.

## Area

The area of Abubakarpur Union is 10,108 acres.

## Administrative structure

Abubakarpur Union is a union of Char Fasson Upazila. Administrative activities of this union are under Dular Hat police Station. It is part of Bhola-4 constituency 118 of the National Assembly.

## Population data

According to the 2011 census, the total population of Abubakarpur Union is 12,302. Of these, 6,032 are males and 6270 are females. The total number of families is 2,848.

## Education

According to the 2011 census, Abubakarpur Union has an average literacy rate of 56.7%.
# Robert Armen

Robert N. Armen Jr. (born Pennsylvania, 1947) is a former special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.

## Career

Armen graduated from Duquesne University with a B.A. in 1969, and earned his J.D. at Georgetown University in 1973. He and went on to receive an LL.M. from Cleveland State University in 1979.
After working for the Office of Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service (Cleveland District Counsel) from 1973 to 1978, Armen worked in the Criminal Tax Division from 1978 to 1979, as Washington District Counsel from 1979 to 1981, and as a law clerk to United States Tax Court Judge Howard A. Dawson, Jr. from 1981 to 1983.
He was Assistant Clerk of the Court from 1983 to 1985, and then became Deputy Counsel to the Chief Judge, 1986–93. He was made adjunct professor at University of Baltimore Law School (Graduate Tax Program, 1988–90), and the Northern Virginia Community College (Business Division, 1981–89). Armen was appointed as a Special Trial Judge, United States Tax Court on August 27, 1993.
He retired from active service on August 31, 2019.
# Robert Henry Kern

Robert Henry Kern (died June 4, 2015 in Danvers, Massachusetts) was an American engineer and entrepreneur who is known as the key developer responsible for designing and building the first operational space-borne cesium clock. He was also an internationally-recognized designer of cesium beam tubes and an innovator in the field of time and frequency.
Kern was born and educated in New York City. He earned a bachelor's degree of science in electrical engineering and a master's degree from the Cornell University College of Engineering. Kern served two years on active duty with the U.S. Air Force.
From 1962 until 1969, Kern was associated with the Quantum Electronics Division of Varian Associates which was acquired and reorganized by Hewlett Packard as the Frequency and Time East Division of Hewlett Packard. He was responsible for the design and engineering of cesium tubes which were utilized around the world.
In 1971, Kern founded the company Frequency and Time Systems and served as its president and general manager. In 1978, he sold his interest in this company and in the following year founded Kernco in Danvers, Massachusetts, where he lived since 1960. Kernco instrumentation flew on every space shuttle flight from 1995 until the end of the space shuttle program. Kern held eight patents relating to atomic clocks and technology that made GPS feasible.
# Sihlau railway station

Sihlau is a railway station in the Sihl Valley, and the municipality of Adliswil, in the Swiss Canton of Zürich. The station is on the Sihltal line, which is operated by the Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU). It takes its name from the nearby settlement of Sihlau.
The station is served by the following passenger trains:
| Operator | Train Type | Route | Typical Frequency | Notes |
| SZU | Zürich S-Bahn S4 | Zürich Hbf - Zürich Selnau - Zürich Giesshübel - Zürich Saalsporthalle-Sihlcity - Zürich Brunau - Zürich Manegg - Zürich Leimbach - Sood-Oberleimbach - Adliswil - Sihlau - Wildpark-Höfli - Langnau-Gattikon - Sihlwald | 3-6 trains per hour | 1 train per hour beyond Langnau-Gattikon |
# Sihler

Sihler is a surname deriving originally from Germany. Highest numbers of Sihler’s are in the United States.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Sihler (born 1941), an American linguist and comparative Indo-Europeanist
* Ernest Gottlieb Sihler (1853–1942), a professor of classics at Johns Hopkins University
* Wilhelm Sihler (1801–1885), a German Lutheran minister
* William W. Sihler (born 1937), professor of business administration at the University of Virginia
# Acacia scirpifolia

Acacia scirpifolia is a shrub or tree of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is endemic to western Australia

## Description

The dense shrub or tree typically grows to a height of 1 to 4 metres (3 to 13 ft). It has glabrous and flexuose branchlets with caducous light-brown stipules with a length of 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in). The smooth, fleshy, green phyllodes are terete to subterete with a length of 7 to 20 cm (2.8 to 7.9 in) and a width of 1 to 1.5 mm (0.039 to 0.059 in) and are slightly incurved at apex. It blooms from August to October and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescences are found on racemes in groups of three to six. The spherical flower-heads have a diameter of 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) and contain 20 to 30 golden flowers. Following flowering seed pods that resemble a string of beads form and have a length of up to 16 cm (6.3 in) and a width of 4 to 5 mm (0.16 to 0.20 in). The shiny black seeds have a length of 5 to 7 mm (0.20 to 0.28 in) and have an elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong shape.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Carl Meissner in 1855 as part of the work Botanische Zeitung. It was reclassified as Racosperma scirpifolium in 2003 by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. The species is often confused with Acacia restiacea.

## Distribution

It is native to an area in the Mid West and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia where it grows in gravelly sandy soils. It is found from the Cooloomia Nature Reserve in the north down to around Moora in the south and is often situated on road-verges.
# Robert Forsyth Scott

Sir Robert Forsyth Scott (28 July 1849 – 18 November 1933) was a mathematician, barrister and Master of St John's College, Cambridge

## Life

Scott was born in Leith, near Edinburgh, the eldest son of Reverend George Scott, a Minister in the church at Dairsie and Mary Forsyth, daughter of the Edinburgh advocate Robert Forsyth.
Scott was educated at the High School, Edinburgh, then in Stuttgart before becoming a student at University College, London. In 1870, while a student at University College, London, he was awarded a Whitworth Exhibition. He went on to read mathematics at St John's College, where he was fourth wrangler in the Tripos in 1875 and was elected to a fellowship in 1877.
After publishing The Theory of Determinants and Their Applications in 1880, Scott turned his attention to the law, become a barrister in 1883, and to institutional history, including histories of St. John's College, Cambridge, published between 1882 and 1907. In 1908 he was appointed as the Master of St John's College, a position he held until his death in Cambridge in 1933, and from 1910 to 1912 he served as Vice-chancellor of the University. On his death he left the library of St John's one of the largest collection of Burmese manuscripts in Europe.
He was the elder brother of Sir James George Scott.

## Publications

* History of St John's College, Cambridge
* The theory of determinants and their applications (2nd ed., revised by George Ballard Mathews), Cambridge University Press, 1904.
# Robert Taber

Robert Taber may refer to:
* Robert Taber (actor) (1865–1904), American actor
* Robert Taber (author) (1919–1995), American journalist, political scholar, and writer
# Sigmund Alfred Anderssen

Sigmund A. Anderssen (born 26 September 1961) is a professor in physical activity and health in the Department of Sports Medicine at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. He also holds a position as adjunct professor at Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport. He is chair of the National Council on Physical Activity, and a past member of the Medical Council of the Norwegian Diabetes Federation. His main research area is physical fitness and physical activity surveillance, and physical activity in relation to risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He has been one of the main authors of the Norwegian and the Nordic physical activity recommendations. He has published more than 100 original research articles, review papers and book chapters, in addition to two books. He was awarded The Norwegian Medical Association's prize in Preventive Medicine in 2001 and the Messner Prize in 2008 for excellence in research and ethics in sports medicine.

## Education

1990 Master's degree thesis in work physiology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NSSS)
1996 Ph.D., NSSS

## Professional experience

* 1995–96 Associate professor, NCSS
* 1997–2001 Scientific officer at Ullevål University Hospital and associate professor at NSSS
* 2001–2006 Associate professor in physical activity and health at NSSS
* 2006–current Professor, Department of Sports Medicine, at NSSS
* 2010–current Adjunct professor, Sogn og Fjordane University College
# Siegburger Mühlengraben

Siegburger Mühlengraben is a small canal of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It branches off the Sieg, flows through Siegburg, and joins the Sieg again.
# Achord, Georgia

Achord is an unincorporated community in Dodge County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A post office called Achord was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1905. Besides the post office, Achord had a rail depot.
# Silent Machine

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| MetalSucks | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
Silent Machine is the debut studio album by the Australian alternative metal band Twelve Foot Ninja. It was released through Volkanik Music on November 13, 2012.

## Personnel

* Kin Etik – lead vocals
* Steve "Stevic" MacKay – lead guitar
* Rohan Hayes – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Damon McKinnon – bass guitar
* Shane "Russ" Russell – drums
Additional musicians
* Ben Grayson – Hammond, clav, Rhodes, whurli, piano
* Nicholas Jeanney – guitar solo on track 6, additional production on track 6, dubstep synth on track 4
* Keith Draws – art direction, illustration
* John Calabro – graphic design, album layout
* Sam Luxford – graphic design, album layout
# Accurx

Accurx is a British software company working in the health sector.
The company was co-founded by Jacob Haddad and Laurence Bargery, who met and subsequently founded the company at Entrepreneur First in 2016.
Accurx's main product is Chain SMS, a messaging program used by doctor surgeries to communicate with patients. The program runs on desktop computers and sends SMS text messages. It can integrate with some software used in GP surgeries—SystmOne and EMIS Health. Chain SMS was launched in February 2018 and as of February 2019, was used in more than 1,400 GP surgeries in the UK. Since the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, Accurx integrated a videotelephony system into Chain SMS, using Whereby, and subsequently "more than 90 percent of primary care clinics in England are now using it" for online appointments.
SMS messages from Chain SMS appear from "GPSurgery" by default.
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust used Accurx’s patient messaging feature in 2022 to communicate with patients via SMS to ask if they still needed their overdue first appointment or follow-up appointment. 10% said they no longer needed the service.
Its patient-centred viewing system, Record View, was launched in May 2022. It permits clinicians to view a read-only summary of a patient’s GP medical record with the patient’s explicit permission.
# Silence the Sirens

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rapreviews | |
| The Sydney Morning Herald | (not rated) |
| Sun Herald | |
| Daily Telegraph | |
Silence the Sirens is the second album from Muph & Plutonic and was released on 21 November 2006. The album took 10 months to produce and features guest performances from several Australian MCs and Musicians, including Fatlip (The Pharcyde), Pegz, Urthboy (The Herd), Ivens (Awakenings), Raph Boogie & BVA (Mnemonic Ascent) and Red Ghost. The album is considered a classic in the Australian Hip Hop scene, due its blend of high quality production and polished lyricism. It peaked at No. 11 on the ARIA Urban Album Chart and was featured as Triple Js Album of the Week.

## Track listing

* "Intro" – 1:09
* "Walking Tightropes" – 2:55
* "Ain't All Over" – 3:36
* "Leave Your Shoes at the Door" (Featuring Raph & Bva) – 3:47
* "Comfort Zone" – 4:21
* "Goin on Tour" (Featuring Urthboy) – 4:24
* "Voice Box" – 4:13
* "Colour of Fire" – 4:47
* "The Day Off" – 3:19
* "Lost Ones" (Featuring Red Ghost) – 4:12
* "What You See" (Featuring Ivens) – 3:29
* "Silence The Sirens" – 3:25
* "Still Say Sorry Though" – 3:56
* "Pessimists Like To Party Too!!" (Featuring Fatlip & Pegz) – 3:32
* "One Side of the Bed" – 3:09
* "Blinded" – 2:16
* "Nothing's Alright, Everything's Ok" – 3:47
# Rodrigo Rivera Salazar

Rodrigo Rivera Salazar (born 20 April 1963) is a Colombian politician. A lawyer, diplomat, professor and journalist, Rivera served in the Congress first as a Member of the Chamber of Representatives for two terms from 1990 to 1998, and then as Senator of Colombia for two terms from 1998 to 2006, when he retired from Congress to run, ultimately unsuccessfully, for the 2006 Liberal presidential nomination. In 2010, Rivera was appointed Minister of National Defence of Colombia by President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón and served until his resignation the following year.
Fresh out of College, he was elected Councilman to the Pereira City Council at the age of 20 and served on it until 1989, during this time he also worked as Professor of Constitutional Law at his alma mater, the Free University of Pereira, and wrote as a columnist for the nationally syndicated newspaper of El Espectador, and the local newspaper La Tarde. In 1997 he was recognized by the Junior Chamber International as an Outstanding Young Persons of the World for his work as President of the Chamber of Representatives during the impeachment trial against President Ernesto Samper Pizano. In 2003 he was elected President of the Colombia Liberal Party Directorate. In 2007, in his first break from politics, he attended the Washington College of Law as a Humphrey Fellow, specializing in Economic Development and Human Rights.
On 31 August 2011, President Santos announced the resignation of Minister Rivera and offered him the post of Ambassador of Colombia to Belgium that is concurrently accredited to Luxembourg and the European Union. He has occupied that position since then

## Minister of Defence

Upon his return to Colombia in 2009, Rivera supported the controversial proposal for a referendum to decide on a third presidential term for President Álvaro Uribe Vélez, and openly supported Uribe's Democratic Security Policies. When it was announced that Uribe would not run for re-election because of the ruling passed down by Constitutional Court of Colombia, Rivera threw his support behind Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, Uribe's Minister of Defence and presidential nominee for the Party of the U, becoming the Political Manager of Santos' campaign.
When Santos won the 2010 Colombian presidential election, he named Rivera Minister of National Defence on 28 July 2010, pending his inauguration into office, and when this took place on 7 August 2010, Rivera was sworn in as the new Minister of National Defence.

## Selected works

* Rivera Salazar, Rodrigo (2001). Hacia Un Nuevo Federalismo Para Colombia [Towards a New Federalism in Colombia] (in Spanish). Bogotá: La Oveja Negra. ISBN 978-958-06-1001-4. OCLC 253354347.
* Rivera Salazar, Rodrigo (2004). Colombia Fragmentada: El Siguiente Paso: Un Nuevo Consenso Por Lo Social [Colombia Fragmented: The Next Step: A New Social Consensus] (in Spanish). Bogotá: La Oveja Negra. ISBN 978-958-06-1060-1. OCLC 56723192.
# Acianthera caldensis

Acianthera caldensis is a species of orchid plant native to Brazil.
# Acianthera cachensis

Acianthera cachensis is a species of orchid native to Costa Rica. It was first formally named Pleurothallis cachensis in 1923 and transferred to the genus Acianthera in 2016.
# Roccasicura

Roccasicura is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Isernia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 610 and an area of 29.0 square kilometres (11.2 sq mi).
Roccasicura borders the following municipalities: Carovilli, Forlì del Sannio, Isernia, Miranda, Vastogirardi.
# Roccati

Roccati is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cristina Roccati (1732–1797), Italian physicist and poet
* Francesco Roccati (1908–1969), Italian long-distance runner
* Marco Roccati (born 1975), Italian footballer
# Acrobasis porphyrella

Acrobasis porphyrella is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is known from Spain, Portugal, France, Corsica, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, Italy and Croatia.
The larvae feed on Erica arborea and Erica scoparia.
# Silas M. Gordon

Silas M. Gordon (1835–1888) was an anti-United States Federal government guerrilla who indirectly caused Platte City, Missouri, to be burned twice by forces during the American Civil War. The town of Gordonville, Texas, is named for him. Confederate Silas "Si" Gordon was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky in 1835 and moved with his parents, William and Lucretia (Muir) Gordon, to Platte County, Missouri.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Gordon engaged in various guerrilla actions, including kidnapping Union officers in Missouri. He was accused of masterminding the September 3 Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy in which a Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad train derailed on a sabotaged Platte River bridge at St. Joseph, Missouri.
Gordon and 30 to 40 of his followers set up camp in November 1861 by the Platte County Courthouse in Platte City. He was to engage Federal troops in November at Bee Creek, in which two Federals were killed. In December his band briefly captured Weston, Missouri.
Gordon stole county records from the courthouse and threatened to kill the district judge if he came to Platte City. Union General David Hunter issued an order from neighboring Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to the Platte County trustees to either deliver Gordon within 10 days or have the city burned and the slaves in the county freed. In early December Col. James Morgan marched from St. Joseph to Platte City and set fire to the city and courthouse and captured three of Gordon's men on December 16 during the Burning of Platte City.
On December 17 Morgan ignored the pleas for leniency from the father of one of the prisoners, a man named Black Triplett. Instead, Morgan took Triplett and prisoner Gabriel Close to the Bee Creek site where the Federals had been killed. Triplett was executed outright and Close was bayonetted as he fled. The letters "U.S." were scrawled in Triplett's blood on the Bee Creek bridge.
Gordon joined the Missouri State Guard under Sterling Price and was in the Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Iuka, Second Battle of Corinth, and Battle of Vicksburg. He was reported to have joined guerrilla fighter William Quantrill and Quantrill's Raiders in Texas. He returned to guerrilla activities in Missouri in 1864 around Platte County. In July 1864, Union troops once again burned the city in an attempt to capture him (the courthouse was not to be rebuilt from the first fire until 1867).
Gordon returned to Texas and resided in Gordonville until his death in 1888.
# Rogachevo, Bulgaria

Rogachevo is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.