# List of wars involving Peru

The following is a list of wars involving the Republic of Peru and its predecessor state, the Viceroyalty of Peru.

## Spanish Peru (1532–1824)

| Conflict | Peru and allies | Opponents | Results |
| Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (1532–1572) Conquest of Bolivia Conquest of Chile Conquest of Ecuador 2nd Inca-Spanish War Manco Inca Rebellion Titu Cusi's Vilcabamba campaign Tupac Amaru I's Vilcabamba campaign | Spanish Empire New Castile New Toledo Indian auxiliaries Huancas Chankas Cañaris Huaylas Chachapoyas Huascarist Incas Catholicized Inca nobility Neo-Inca State (1533–1536) Tlaxcaltecas Nicaraguas | Inca Empire (until 1535) Neo-Inca State (since 1537) | Spanish Victory Establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Spanish monarchs attain the right of succession of the Sapa Inca monarchy through Translatio imperii. |
| Spanish conquest of New Granada (1502–1540) Expedition of Sebastián de Belalcázar Battle of Tocarema | Spanish Empire Province of Tierra Firme (since 1502) Klein-Venedig (since 1530) New Castile (since 1533) Indian auxiliaries Southern Muisca Zipazgo | Chibchan peoples Muisca Confederation Tairona Non-Chibcha peoples Panche people Muzo people Kingdom of Quito | Foundation of the New Kingdom of Granada after overwhelming the indigenous peoples of the territory. |
| Grijalva expedition to the South Pacific (1537–1542) | Spanish Empire New Spain New Castile (since 1539) | Hostile indigenous people of Polynesiamutinous Spaniards | The ship is lost in New Guinea, where almost the entire crew died. The rest are rescued by the Portuguese from Ternate. |
| Civil Wars between conquerors of Peru (1537–1554) | Pizarristas New Castile Vaca de Castro Royalists Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Royalists Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty authorities Viceroyalty of Peru | Almagristas New Toledo Neo-Inca State (until 1542) Almagristas  New Castile-New Toledo royal union Gonzalistas Encomenderos Francisco Hernandes Girón rebels Encomenderos | 1° Pizarrist victory: New Castile stays with Cuzco. Deaths of: Diego de Almagro "el viejo" and Francisco Pizarro. 2° Crown of Castille victory: Abolition of the hereditary governorships of New Castile and New Toledo after the attempt of unification and independence of the Kingdom of Spain. Establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru to ensure compliance with the orders of the King of Spain [mostly Laws of Burgos]. Death of Diego Almagro "el mozo" and Cristóbal Vaca de Castro. 3° Stalemate: The encomiendas in Peru are gradually annulled through the New Laws and Laws of the Indies until the 18th century; death of Gonzalo Pizarro and Blasco Núñez Vela. 4° Viceroyalty of Peru victory: Death of Francisco Hernández Girón and end of the rebellions of the encomenderos. Consolidation of Indian Law to protect the natural rights of the indigenous person in Peru. |
| Orellana Expedition to Amazon river (1541–1542) | Viceroyalty of Peru Province of Quito | Hostile Amazonian peoples | Stalemate Discovery of the Amazon River until the Atlantic Ocean, but Spaniards retreat due to diseases (dying Francisco de Orellana). Start of catholic missions on Maynas. |
| Spanish conquest and colonization of Argentina (1543–1593) Expeditions in Tucumán Diego de Rojas entry to Tucumán Western colonizing current Northern colonizing current (1543–1593) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Province of Charcas Governorate of Paraguay Captaincy General of Chile Indian auxiliaries | Indigenous peoples northern tehuelches Diaguitas Guarani | Victory of the Spanish conquistadors. These territories weren't any unified entity and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as the Governorate of the Río de la Plata. |
| First Communero Rebellion (1544) | Viceroyalty of Peru Paraguay | Comuneros Encomendero | Defeat of the royal authorities Establishment of Domingo Martínez de Irala as governor by popular election of the Encomenderos, according to The Royal Decree of September 12, 1537, which determined the charge of a governor in Paraguay would be elected by the vote of the inhabitants. |
| Arauco War (1550-1662) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Indian auxiliaries Yanakuna Indios reyunos Boroano people | Indigenous peoples of Araucania and Futahuillimapu Mapuches Huilliche Pehuenche Cunco | Stalemate Initial failure of the Spanish conquest in the Mapuche territories south of the Biobío River. The Hispanic Monarchy recognizes the indigenous de facto authonomy of the lands to the south of the Biobío River ruled by the Mapuche, and in the Mapuche Parliaments they recognize being under the protection of the King of Spain. |
| Bandeirantes raids from Brazil (1557-18th century) Expedition led by Antônio Raposo Tavares Expedition of Luís Pedroso de Barros | Viceroyalty of Peru Maynas Government Charcas Viceroyalty of New Granada (since 1717) Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (since 1777) Paraguay Jesuit missions | Colonial Brazil Colonia del Sacramento Bandeirantes | Stalemate The Amazon forest is divided between Peru-Spain and Brazil-Portugal with the Treaty of Madrid (1750) and First Treaty of San Ildefonso. |
| Calchaquí Wars (1560–1667) 2nd Calchaqui War | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Charcas | Diaguita confederation | Victory of the Spanish Empire Spanish conquest of the Tucumán region Relocation of tens of thousands of people belonging to the Diaguita kingdoms in Pueblo de Indios. |
| Spanish-Chiriguano War (1564-17th century) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Charcas | Ava Guaraní people | Victory Successful Spanish conquest of the Eastern Bolivian region. Establishment of Jesuit Missions of Moxos and Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos |
| Bayano Wars (1548–1582) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru New Kingdom of Granada | Rebel Maroons slaves from Panama | Victory Defeat of Bayano insurgents. |
| Spanish expeditions to Solomon and Vanuatu (1567–1606) First Spanish expedition to Solomon | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of the Philippines | Hostile indigenous people of Polynesia | Defeat Discovery of multiple islands between the Golfo de la Concepción and Golfo de la Candelaria (the sea between Peru and Tuvalu), such as the Solomon Islands archipelago and the Vanuatu archipelago. Possible Spanish discovery of Australia in their search of Terra Australis Ignota. Colonization attempts failed due to disease and bellicosity of the inhabitants, as well as war crimes by explorers |
| Colonial front of the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War (1568–1648) Dutch piracy in Latin America Dutch expedition to Valdivia Battle of Carelmapu Castro combat | Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Crown of Castile New Spain Peru Crown of Portugal (1580–1640) State of Brazil Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia Holy Roman Empire Archduchy of Austria Electorate of Bavaria Catholic League Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia  Republic of Genoa Supported by: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Papal States | United Provinces Dutch East Indies  Dutch West Indies  England  France Nassau Bohemia Electorate of the Palatinate Transylvania Denmark–Norway  Venice  Savoy Duchy of Mantua Duchy of Modena  Duchy of Parma Sweden  Saxony Brandenburg-Prussia Kingdom of Portugal (from 1640) Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) Supported by: Tsardom of Russia Ottoman Empire | Defeat Foundation of the Dutch colonial Empire after obtaining its independence from the Hispanic Monarchy. Expulsion of the Anglo, French, Dutch and Danish pirates from the American coasts, with repression of colonization attempts. Expulsion of the Dutch from Valdivia, San Juan de Puerto Rico and partially from Salvador de Bahía. Partial Spanish recovery of the Island of San Martín. Peace of Westphalia and Peace of Münster Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Dutch–Portuguese War (1601–1661) and Spanish–Portuguese War (1640–1668) continue, but without attacks to Peruvian territories. |
| Castilian War (1578) Part of Ottoman-Habsburg Wars on Southeast Asia and Spanish-Moro Wars | Spanish Empire Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico and Peru Bruneians who defected to Spain | Bruneian Empire Sultanate of Sulu Maguindanao Supported by:  Ottoman Empire Turks, Egyptians, Swahilis, Somalis, Sindhis, Gujaratis, and Malabars forces Sultanate of Aceh | Status quo ante bellum Bruneian military victory to seize its independence from Spanish Empire. Becoming a city-state until today. Spanish tactical Victory in ending Bruneian empire at sea and its influence on Philippines |
| Expedition of Juan Jufré and Juan Fernández to Polynesia and New Zealand (1575–1576) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Chile | Hostile indigenous people of Polynesia | Stalemate The expedition possibly reached New Zealand and Tahiti, but there wasn't any conquest. |
| Expeditions to Chile hostile to Spain (1578–1741) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile | European Pirates Supported by:  United Provinces  England | Stalemate Mostly repressed |
| Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Drake and Hawking expeditions Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation | Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Crown of Castile New Spain Peru Crown of Portugal (1580–1640) State of Brazil Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia Duchy of Parma Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Castro Order of Saint John co-belligerent French rebels Irish rebels | Kingdom of England Corsairs Ireland co-belligerent Portuguese rebels  United Provinces France Huguenots | Indecisive, Status quo ante bellum Near Lima, Drake captured a Spanish ship with 25,000 pesos of Peruvian gold. Expulsion of the English from Spanish America and end of English interruption to Spanish transatlantic transportation and colonial expansion. The English privateers now find their needs in the service of the Dutch. England obtains the Colony of Newfoundland and Bermuda, beginning the English colonial Empire. Treaty of London |
| Antarctic Expedition of the Armada del Mar del Sur to the South Seas and Terra Australis (1603) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile | Dutch corsair | Inconclusive First western sightings of Antarctica Peruvian presence on Antarctica. |
| Spanish campaigns in Lanao (1637–1639) Spanish occupation of Jolo | Spanish Empire New Spain Philippines Peru Panama Supported by:  Republic of Genoa | Confederate States of Lanao Supported by: Dutch Empire | Stalemate Failure of the conquest and Christianize the Maranao people Truce is reached to stop Muslim raids against Zamboanga and Chavacano people. Fort Pilar is seizured. |
| Battle of Mbororé (1641) part of Portuguese Restoration War and Portuguese conquest of the Eastern Missions | Viceroyalty of Peru Paraguay Governorate of Rio de la Plata Jesuit missions among the Guaraní Indian auxiliaries | Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes Paulistas Tupi people | Victory Portuguese raids stop Guarani people are excluded from forced labour The jesuits gain more autonomy regarding the administration of their missions |
| 2nd Communero Rebellion of Paraguay (1649–1650) | Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Paraguay (loyal to Sebastián de León y Zárate) Jesuit Province of Paraguay Indian auxiliaries (Guaraní) | Governorate of Paraguay (loyal to Bernardino de Cárdenas) Cabildo of Asunción Mestizo and Criollos Encomenderos rebels (comuneros) | Royalist victory An army of 700 Indian missionaries, led by León and Zárate, occupy Asunción and imprison Cárdenas. He is then exiled from Paraguay and sent to Charcas in Upper Peru for a Trial of residence for his actions without royal permission. The institutions and properties, illegitimately usurped from the Jesuits and indigenous people, are returned to them by order of the King's Representative. |
| Mapuche uprising of 1655 (1655) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Indian auxiliaries | Mapuches Cuncos Pehuenches | Defeat The lands between the Bío Bío and Maule rivers are economically devastated and the Spanish abandon Boroa. The looting raids, led by Mestizo Alejo and other indigenous leaders, continue. Large number of freed Mapuche slaves. The Governor of Chile, Francisco Antonio de Acuña Cabrera y Bayona, is deposed twice and there is the possibility of civil war. |
| Chepo expedition (1679) | New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Viceroyalty of Peru New Granada Chile | European Pirates (English and Spaniards renegades) | Initial victory for the pirates They continue their actions on both coasts of Central America, while looting and then burning of the town of Chepo, Panama (part of Peru as Real Audiencia of Panama). Peruvian royal victory in Battle of San Marcos de Arica Execution of the pirates, with the exception of Bartolomé Sharp, who manages to return to England and is acquitted. |
| Luso-Brazilian raids against the Maynas government (1680–XVIII Century) | Viceroyalty of Peru Jesuit missions in the Amazonia Indian auxiliaries (Omaguas, Ansuares, Yurimaguas, Aisuaris) | Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes Tupi people | Military stalemate: The Peruvians, Spanish and auxiliary Indians are expelled from the Pará River, the Negro River and the Juruá-Mirim River. The Brazilians and Portuguese are expelled from the Napo River, the Aguarico River, the Marañón River and the Ucayali River. Brazilian political victory: The borders of the Treaty of Tordesillas (at the mouth of the Pará River) are discontinued in favor of those established in the Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1777 (at the confluence of the Caquetá River and the Amazon River), with Peru losing 200 leagues of territory occupied in the East by the Jesuit missions of Father Samuel Fritz. |
| Colonial front of Nine Years' War (1688–97) Raid on Cartagena de Indias (1697) | Grand Alliance:  Dutch Republic  England New England  Holy Roman Empire  Spain Spanish Netherlands Viceroyalty of Peru New Granada  Piedmont-Savoy  Sweden (until 1691)  Scotland | France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy Irish and Scottish Jacobites | Indecisive French victory in his raid on South America. Treaty of Ryswick Spain officially ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France, establishing the Saint-Domingue colony on modern Haiti. |
| West Indies and South American Front of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) Siege of Colonia del Sacramento Wager's Action Capture of the galleon San Joaquin | Kingdom of France New France French East India Company Spain loyal to Philip Crown of Castile Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily New Spain Peru (Provinces of the Peruvian coast) Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) co-belligerent: Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Principality of Transylvania | Holy Roman Empire: Austria  Prussia (from 1702) Hanover  Great Britain (formed in 1707)  England (until 1707)  Scotland (until 1707) British America British East India Company  Dutch Republic  Duchy of Savoy (after 1703) Kingdom of Portugal (from 1703) State of Brazil Spain loyal to Charles Crown of Aragon Spanish Netherlands Provinces of the Andean-Amazonian interior of Peru Danish Auxiliary Corps co-belligerent: Hungarian Royalists Kingdom of Croatia | Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Treaty of Rastatt (1714) Treaty of Baden (1714) Spain and Britain sign the Asiento Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire |
| Protests and rebellions of the 18th century in the Viceroyalty of Peru (1700s) | Viceroyalty of Peru | Rebellions of peruleros | Pyric victory of the Viceroyalty authorities. Partial reforms are given to appease the rebels, as well as severe punishments for repeat offender leaders, to prevent future insurrections among the local population. Multiple social groups, dissatisfied with the Bourbon Reforms, would continue to rebel under the motto of "Long live the King, death to the bad government" for an improvement of the Spanish state in its compliance with the colonial pact between subject and monarch, longing for the previous "fueros" and local autonomies of the traditional Monarchy of the House of Austria against the thriving Bourbon Absolutism. First notions of anti-colonial political independence in the most radical groups, usually influenced by the Spanish-American Enlightenment. |
| Huilliche uprising of 1712 (1712) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Governorate of Chiloé | Huilliches of Chiloé | Royalist Victory Harsh reprisals by the Spanish military against the Huiliches until the intervention of the Jesuit mediation. The governor of Chile, Juan Andrés de Ustáriz, created a commission (led by Pedro de Molina) to find those responsible and punish corrupt officials who provoked the Huiliche rebellion. Marín de Velasco is found guilty and is prohibited from returning to Chiloé, Ustáriz is dismissed after the Trial of residence for complicity with Garzón's escape Reforms are being made so that living conditions in the encomienda improve for the Huilliches |
| Great Revolt of the Comuneros of Paraguay (1721–1735) | Viceroyalty of Peru Paraguay Rio de la Plata Jesuit missions among the Guaraní | Comuneros Encomenderos | Royalist victory Execution of José de Antequera y Castro in the Ciudad de los Reyes (Lima). Bruno Mauricio de Zabala ordered extreme measures against the Paraguayan province. Anti-Peruvian resentments in Paraguay. |
| Mapuche uprising of 1723 (1723) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile | Mapuches Lafquenches Cuncos | Both sides claim victory A peace agreement was reached with the Parliament of Negrete, where they established a system of fairs where Mapuche-Spanish trade was regulated through 3-4 fairs per year, breaking the Spanish commercial monopoly in Araucanía. |
| Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Rio de la Plata | Portuguese Empire State of Brazil | Defeat and Status quo ante bellum Miguel de Salcedo was disposed as governor of Buenos Aires Colonia del Sacramento under Portuguese sovereignty. Montevideo under Spanish sovereignty |
| Colonial front of the War of Austrian Succession (War of Jenkins' Ear) (1739–48) George Anson's voyage around the world | Spanish Empire New Spain Cuba Florida New Granada Venezuela Province Peru  France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy  Prussia Bavaria (1741–45)  Saxony (1741–42) Sicily and Naples  Republic of Genoa (1745–48) Sweden (1741–43)  Savoy-Sardinia (1741–42) | Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy  Habsburg Monarchy Hanover  Dutch Republic  Saxony (1743–45)  Savoy-Sardinia (1742–48)  Russia (1741–43, 1748) | Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) leading to Treaty of Madrid (1750) Spain revalidated with Great Britain the right of Asiento de Negros and permission for this country to send one merchant ship a year to the Spanish colonies in America. Both points had been previously agreed on March 16, 1713, in the Treaty of Utrecht. George Anson's English troops razed the city and devastated Paita, burning it in 1742. |
| Guaraní War (1754–56) | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Paraguay Portuguese Empire State of Brazil | Guaraní Tribes Jesuits Jesuit missions among the Guaraní | Victory Ratification of Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750). Treaty of El Pardo: Declaration of the border between Spain and Portugal in South America Total abandonment of the Misiones Orientales by the Guaraní, being ceded to Portuguese Brazil. Subsequent Expulsion of the Jesuits from Portugal in 1759 and then of the Expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish Empire of 1767. |
| Colonial front of the Seven Years' War South American Front of Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763) Mojeña War Fantastic War First expedition of Cevallos to Río Grande Anglo-Portuguese invasion of the Río de la Plata (1763) | Spain (since 1762) Peru New Granada New Spain  France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy Austria  Saxony Hesse-Darmstadt Sweden  Russia (until 1762) Kalmykia  Mughal Empire (since 1757) | Portuguese Empire (since 1762) State of Brazil  Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Hanover  Prussia Hesse-Kassel Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Schaumburg-Lippe | Stalemate Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain after Treaty of Paris (1763). Spanish victory on River Plate. In present-day Uruguay, Spanish captured Colónia do Sacramento and advanced into Rio Grande do Sul. The thesis of the Portuguese Empire prevailed that the Guaporé river should serve as a border between the two Empires in the Amazon Jungle on present-day Bolivia. The Portuguese conquered most of the valley of Rio Negro, expelling the Spaniards from São Gabriel [pt] and São José de Maribatanas [pt]. |
| Mapuche uprising of 1766 (1766) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Pehuenche | Mapuches | Stagnation due to inter-ethnic indigenous conflict Spanish penetration in Araucanía is reversed. |
| Spanish expeditions to Tahití (1772–1775) | Spanish Empire Peru Christianized Tahitians | Hostile Pagan TahitiansSpanish and Peruvian mutineers | Victory Withdrawn due to anticlerical policies of Charles III and economic problems in Peru to support the stability of the Catholic missions |
| Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II (1780–1783) Includes Oruro Rebellion | Viceroyalty of Peru Council of 24 Incan Noble electors Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Charcas | Túpac Amaru II criollo, mestizo, indigenous and black rebel forces Túpac Katari indigenous rebel forces | Royalist victory Rebellion repressed. Death of Túpac Amaru II and his family. Attempt to ban Inca Culture and Quechua. Reforms in the viceroyalty (abolition of the Corregimientos and installation of the Intendencies) |
| Huilliche uprising of 1792 (1792) | Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Governorate of Valdivia Chiloé | Huilliches of Futahuillimapu | Royalist victory After the misunderstandings were resolved, the Parliament of Las Canoas was signed by Governor Ambrosio O'Higgins, by which the Huiliches were fully incorporated into the sovereignty of the Spanish Crown, while maintaining their traditional institutions (such as the cacicato). Therefore, the territorial strip between the Rahue and Damas rivers is open to Spanish colonization, allowing the refoundation of Osorno. The indigenous signatories recognized the king of Spain as their sovereign and signed an alliance agreement, but maintained considerable autonomy in the lands that they had not ceded to the Kingdom of Chile. |
| Campaigns of the Royal Army of Peru during Spanish American wars of independence (1808–1833) Bolivian War of Independence Goyeneche campaign in Upper Peru (1809) Ecuadorian War of Independence Quito revolutionary process (1809-1812) Guayaquil War of Independence Argentine War of Independence Córdoba Counterrevolution Auxiliary Expeditions to Upper Peru Gaucho war De la Serna's invasion of Jujuy and Salta Corsairs in Argentine Independence Brown's corsair expedition to the Pacific Hippolytus Bouchard Expedition Chilean War of Independence Patria Vieja Campaign Reconquest of Chile Campaign of the Chilean corsairs Colombian War of Independence Nariño campaign in the south Southern Campaigns Pasto Campaign Sucre Campaign in Upper Peru Peruvian War of Independence Tacna Insurrection (1811) Tacna Rebellion of 1813 Cusco Rebellion of 1814 Maynas War of Independence | Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of New Granada (until 1822) Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (until 1814) Unofficially supported by: Kingdom of Brazil | 1st phase Junta of Quito Bolivian Republiquetas Junta of Chile  Junta of Bogota Junta of Buenos Aires Junta of Cusco Junta of Tacna Junta of Guayaquil 2nd phase  Río de la Plata Chile Gran Colombia Peru Supported by:  Britain  Haiti | 1st phase: Initial Royalist victory during the administration of the viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa Liberal Revolutions repressed effectively in Peru, being the only territory without developing a Junta during Peninsular War. Viceroyalty of Peru reconquers for the Spanish Supreme Central Junta, and annex to Lima authorities, the territories Upper Peru and Real Audiencia of Quito in 1810, after helping counter-revolutionary forces against the considered illegal Juntas of Spanish American. Peruvian royalists in land reconquers totality of Chile after Battle of Rancagua. Also making incursions into Argentine Northwest and Southern Colombia. Even reaching some help of luso-Brazilian royalists caudillos from the Captaincy of Grão Pará and Captaincy of Matto Grosso. Peruvian royalists in sea maintain the balance of powers in favor of Lima and Spain against Valparaiso and the secessionists throughout the Pacific Ocean, protecting royalists navigation routes with Central America and Mexico (giving some aid to royalists from there against Argentine and Chilean corsairs). Militar victory against Don Jose de San Martin intervention during Battle of Moquegua. 2nd phase: Reverse during Joaquín de la Pezuela administration and final defeat during Jose de la Serna government. Dissolution of the Peruvian Royal Army after Olañeta Rebellion civil war between liberal and absolutist royalists. Then defeated by Gran Colombia forces. Royalist guerrillas remnants in Peru by the Republic of Iquicha until 1836. Also by other remnants of the royal Peruvian army, such as the Pincheira Brothers in southern Chile until 1834, and by the Fernando VII Regiment in Vallegrande (Bolivia) until 1828. |

## Republic of Peru (1821–present)

| Conflict | Peru and allies | Opponents | Results |
| Peruvian War of Independence (1811–1826) | Peru Chile Colombia Río de la Plata | Spain | Victory Peru becomes an independent country |
| Ecuadorian War of Independence (1820–1822) Quito campaign [es] | Guayaquil Colombia Chile Peru Río de la Plata | Spain | Victory Incorporation of the Real Audiencia of Quito into Gran Colombia |
| Bolivian War of Independence (1821–1825) | Bolivia Republiquetas  Colombia Peru Río de la Plata | Spain | Victory Secession of Upper Peru and foundation of the Republic of Bolívar. |
| Iquicha War (1825–1828) | Peru | Iquicha | Government victory |
| Peruvian intervention in Bolivia (1828) | Peru Republic of Upper Peru | Colombia Bolivia | Victory Treaty of Piquiza Withdrawal of Gran Colombian troops from Bolivia. End of Bolivarian influence in Bolivia. |
| Gran Colombia–Peru War (1828–1829) | Peru | Colombia | Stalemate Signing of the Larrea-Gual Treaty Peru recognises the Colombian annexation of Guayaquil Colombia recognises Peruvian sovereignty of Tumbes, Jaen and Maynas |
| Peruvian Civil War (1834) | Government of Luis José de Orbegoso | Revolutionaries under Pedro Bermudez | Government victory |
| Salaverry-Santa Cruz War (1835–1836) | Peru Government of Felipe Santiago Salaverry Agustín Gamarra's Rebels | Peru Oppposition under Luis José de Orbegoso Bolivian Army of Andrés de Santa Cruz | Defeat Establishment of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation |
| War of the Confederation (1836–1839) | Peru-Bolivian Confederation | Chile Peruvian Dissidents | Restoration victory Dissolution of the Confederation Exile of Santa Cruz |
| War between Argentina and Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1837–1839) | Peru-Bolivian Confederation | Argentina | Defeat Dissolution of the Confederation |
| Iquicha War (1839) | Peru Chile | Iquicha | Peruvian-Chilean victory Signature of the Treaty of Yanallay in which the Iquichans submit to the Republic of Peru Isolation of the caudillo Antonio Huachaca |
| Peruvian-Bolivian War of 1841-1842 (1841–1842) | Peru | Bolivia | Ceasefire Treaty of Puno Bolivian expulsion from southern Peru Peruvian Army expelled from Bolivia Bolivian Army expelled from Peru |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1843–1844 (1843–1844) | Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco's Government | Ramón Castilla's Rebels | Defeat |
| Peruvian expedition to California (1849) | PeruHispanic-American community United States local authorities | Violent bandits of the Wild west | Pirric Victory Peruvian ship "General Gamarra" succes to defend Peruvians and other Hispanics against xenofobic violence in California, while also helping American authorities to stablish order during the California gold rush. Then repatriate Peruvians after receiving more violence of bandits and also the desinterest of American government to integrate Hispanics in the region. |
| Liberal Revolution of 1854 (1854) | Constitutional Army | Liberal Army | Constitutional Army defeat |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858 (1856–1858) | Ramón Castilla's Government | Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco's Rebels | Government victory Abolition of Slavery in Peru. |
| Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1857–1860 (1857–1860) | Peru | Ecuador | Peruvian victory Subscription of the Treaty of Mapasingue [es] Diplomatic impasse arising from Ecuador's decision to grant its English creditors the vast Amazonian territories disputed with Peru. Ecuadorian failure. |
| Peruvian Slave Raids in Polynesia (1859–1863) | Peru | Polynesians Rapa Nui people Tokelauan people Micronesians | Pirric Victory Peruvian raiders, after a lot of skirmishes on Oceania (from Gilbert Islands to Rapa nui), enslave 1500 to 3000 indigenous peoples of Polynesia (mostly Rapa Nui), but most of those "canaca" died during or shortly after to its arrival in Peruvian Haciendas. Peruvian Government is forced (by pressure from French Polynesia, United Kingdom and Catholic Church authorities) to return the rest of Polynesians to their homes. Demographic and Cultural Catastrophy on Easter Island due to Pandemic of Virulence and death of Ariki class (includying the King of Easter Island). |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1865 (1865) | Juan Antonio Pezet's Government | Mariano Ignacio Prado's Rebels | Defeat |
| Chincha Islands War (1865–1866) | Chile Peru Ecuador Bolivia | Spain | Indecisive, both sides claimed victory The state of war is maintained between the belligerent parties until the signing of an indefinite armistice in 1871. Subsequently, Spain and the South American allies signed peace treaties separately: Peru (1879), Bolivia (1879), Chile (1883) and Ecuador (1885). |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1867 (1867) | Mariano Ignacio Prado's Government | Pedro Diez Canseco and José Balta's Rebels | Defeat |
| Puno Rebellion (1868–1869) | Peru | Tupac Amaru III indigenous rebel forces | Government victory |
| Huáscar Uprising of 1877 (1877) | Peru | Huáscar Rebels | Government victory |
| Battle of Pacocha (1877) | Peru | Britain | Peruvian victory |
| War of the Pacific (1879–1883) | Bolivia Peru | Chile | Peruvian defeat Chilean forces capture Lima Chilean forces occupy Tacna, Arica and Tarapaca Tacna reincorporated to Peru in 1929 Bolivia loses its access to the sea |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1884–1885 (1884–1885) | Andrés Avelino Cáceres's Government | Miguel Iglesias's Rebels | Cacerista victory |
| Huaraz Rebellion (1885–1887) | Peru | Quechua Rebels | Government victory |
| Peruvian Civil War of 1894–1895 (1894–1895) | Andrés Avelino Cáceres's Government | Nicolás de Piérola's Rebels | Defeat |
| Loretan Insurrection of 1896 (1896) | Peru | Federal State of Loreto | Government victory |
| Salt Revolt (1896–1897) | Peru | Quechua Rebels | Government victory |
| Border skirmishes between Peru and Brazil (1902–1909) | Peruco-belligerant  Bolivia (until 1903) | Brazil | Stalemate Initial Peruvian victories on their military incursions on Alto Yurúa and Alto Purús region until the intervention of Jose Ferreira forces in 1904. Brazil sough an anti-Peruvian alliance with Ecuador (Tobar-Rio Branco treaty) and Chile. After Brazilian intimidations to Peruvian authorities of a total war with all of its neighbours, it has firmed the Velarde-Rio Branco Treaty, favorable to Brazil. Peruvian withdrawal of their Acre pretensions, but ending Brazilian expansionism into Madre de Dios and Ucayali. |
| Angoteros Incident (1903) | Peru | Ecuador | Peruvian victory Advance of an Ecuadorian detachment in Peruvian territory that was repelled on the banks of the Napo River |
| Torres Causana Incident (1904) | Peru | Ecuador | Peruvian victory Advance of Ecuadorian troops in Peruvian territory in the area of the Aguarico river and Napo river until their subsequent expulsion, taking of prisoners and captured war material. |
| Peruvian-Ecuadorian tension of 1910 (1910) | Peru | Ecuador | Stalemate ABC countries and United States intervenes to garantice the peace after menace of continental war. For the first time in world history, the provisions of the 1907 Hague Convention, regarding the peaceful settlement of conflicts, were fulfilled. Peruvian position is favoured |
| Campaign of the Manuripi Region (1910) | Peru | Bolivia | Peruvian victory Recognition of most of the disputed territory as belonging to Peru (250 000 km2 of Peru). Delivery of the territory of Purus to Peruvian territory. Death of the Bolivian captain Lino Echevarria. |
| Conflict of La Pedrera (1911) | Peru | Colombia | Peruvian victory Colombian troops were evicted from the Pedrera |
| Trujillan Revolution (1932) | Peru | APRA | Government victory Massacres, bombing of Trujillo and failure of the revolution |
| Colombia–Peru War (1932–1933) | Peru | Colombia | Ceasefire Status quo ante bellum Ratification of the Solomon-Lozano Treaty |
| Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941 (1941) | Peru | Ecuador | Peruvian victory Signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol |
| World War II (1945) | United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Chile Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela Uruguay Argentina | Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang | Victory Collapse of the German Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War |
| Leftists Guerrilla Insurgencies (1962–1965) | Peru | MIR ELN  Cuba | Government victory Luis de la Puente Uceda is captured and die. End of Cuban intervention on Andean countries after the paralleling Che Guevara's failure in Bolivia. |
| Limazo (1975) | Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru | Peruvian police rebels Civilians (right-wing and radical left-wing) | Government Victory |
| Border incident of Cenepa (1978) | Peru | Ecuador | Victory The base and the camp set up by the Ecuadorian troops are now controlled by the Peruvian Army |
| Internal Conflict in Peru [Main Phase] (1980–2000) | Peru | Shining Path MRTA (1982–1997) | Government victory Strong weakening of the Shining Path Shining Path last groups still active on high jungle Total defeat of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) |
| Paquisha War (1981) | Peru | Ecuador | Peruvian victory The posts installed by Ecuadorian troops came to be controlled by the Peruvian Army Status quo ante bellum of 1942 |
| Cenepa War (1995) | Peru | Ecuador | Ceasefire Status quo ante bellum Acta of Brasilia The border was closed, as indicated in the Rio de Janeiro Protocol of 1942, and the end of all differences between the two nations was declared |
| Narcoterrorist insurgency (2000–present) Peru in Colombia Internal Conflict | Peru  Colombia | Shining Path Movimiento por la Amnistía y Derechos Fundamentales (MOVADEF) FUDEPP Comité Base Mantaro Rojo Militarized Communist Party of Peru Ethnocacerists Peruvian narcotraficants Colombian narcotraficants FARC | Ongoing |