OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hmong Today

Hmong Today (Xov-Xwm Hmoob) is an American nationwide newspaper documenting the news and culture of the Hmong American community. It is published biweekly and based in St. Paul, Minnesota. Because Hmong typically only read English, articles are usually in English.

## Description

Hmong Today publishes a biweekly print newspaper reporting on Hmong American and global Hmong news stories, especially about Saint Paul, Minnesota, the paper's headquarters and the largest concentration of Hmong in the United States. Founder Wameng Moua manages most aspects of the paper. Because Hmong typically only read English, articles are usually in English, and rarely in Hmong.
Along with Hmong Times, Hmong Today has been called one of the Hmong community's "most enduring publications".
The publisher of the newspaper is Sang Moua and the president of the company is Sy Vang. Wameng Moua and Sang Mouacheupao founded Hmong Today in 2003 and published the first issue January 1, 2004. The website was developed and administered by Hmongmedia.

## History

Sang Mouacheupao and Wameng Moua co-founded Hmong Today in 2003. Owners of Hmong Times Dick and Steve Wetzler offered to sell their half-share in Hmong Times to Moua in 2003 for US$200,000, which Moua declined. A white businessman had implied that Hmong couldn't run a paper without the aid of white people, so Moua and Mouacheupao started the paper on their own.
The front-page story of the first volume and edition was about Hmong in Laos facing ongoing persecution after the Laotian Civil War. Entitled "Betrayal, Lost Hope, And the Forgotten Tribe" and written by Wameng Moua, it was published December 31, 2003. Hmong scholar Her Vang reports: "Moua had dedicated many volumes and editions of Hmong Today to the plight of the Hmong in Laos."
Around 2001 Kathy Mouacheupao joined the paper writing for the arts and entertainment section. Kathy is co-founder Wameng Moua's sister and at the time had recently become staff at Center for Hmong Arts and Talent.
Copies of Hmong Today with the headline about the 2007 murder of Cha Vang were distributed at his funeral.

## Awards

At the Ethnic and Community Media Awards in 2008, Wameng Moua received honors for stories in two categories.

## Staff and leadership
### Leadership

* Sang Moua, publisher
* Sy Vang, president
* Sang Mouacheupao, founder

### Contributors

* Kathy Mouacheupao
* Wameng Moua

## Archives

Hmong Today is archived in multiple formats at several archives.
In 2022, print archives of Hmong Today were included in an expansion of the Hmong Cultural Center Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Online archives of hmongtoday.com (OCLC 647963146) are available at the Minnesota Historical Society, Wisconsin Historical Society, and University of California, Irvine. The Hmong Today website went offline in 2012.
Select stories were republished via local outlets such as Twin Cities Daily Planet.
# Skelton Castle

Skelton Castle can refer to either a ruined medieval castle or an 18th-century Gothic style country house that replaced it. The site of both buildings is the village of Skelton, in North Yorkshire, England. The house is Grade I listed.

## Castle

The castle was built of stone by Robert de Brus in 1140. It had two look-out towers, dungeons, and a moat with a drawbridge and portcullis.
In 1265 it was surrendered to King Henry III. In 1272 it went to Walter de Fauconberg and remained in the family for the next 200 years. In 1490 it was inherited by William Conyers, when it was described as ruinous. From him it passed into the Trotter family and then by marriage to the Hall family by the marriage of Joseph Hall to Catherine Trotter. Their son John inherited and changed his name to Hall-Stevenson after marrying Ann Stevenson. He formed the "Demoniacks" club who met at the ruins of the castle for drinking bouts.
His son, Joseph Hall-Stevenson, died within a year of his father and thus Joseph's son John Hall-Stevenson (1766–1843) inherited the castle. In 1788 he changed his name to John Wharton and was Member of Parliament for Beverley between 1790 and 1820. He also demolished the castle and replaced it by the current country house between 1770 and 1817.

## Country house

The present house is built of dressed sandstone with a roof of Lakeland slate. It is a two-storey block with a 5-bay frontage. It incorporates some remains of the medieval castle. The house was built c.1770 and extended in 1810-1817 by Ignatius Bonomi.
It was constructed between 1788 and 1817 for John Wharton, Member of Parliament for Beverley who had inherited the ruined Skelton Castle from his father Joseph Hall-Stevenson in 1786. John Wharton had changed his name from Hall-Stevenson to Wharton to comply with the terms of a legacy. He inherited a considerable fortune from his aunt, much of which he spent of demolishing the castle and building his new home. He died childless and in poverty in 1843 and Skelton devolved to his nephew John Thomas Wharton of Gilling. The property then descended in the Wharton family to William Henry Anthony Wharton, High Sheriff of Yorkshire for 1925, and on his death in 1938, to his daughter Margaret Winsome Ringrose Wharton. She had married Christopher Hildyard Ringrose, a Royal Navy captain, who had added the additional surname of Wharton to that of Ringrose. She lived there until at least 1986, by which time her relative, Major Wharton, actually ran the estate on account of her age.
# Piltene Parish

Piltene Parish (Latvian: Piltenes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Ventspils Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 559 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 187.856 km$^2$.

## Villages of Piltene Parish

* Bestes
* Branči
* Dziļgu
* Gārzde
* Jaunzemji
* Karaļciems
* Lagzdiena
* Landze
* Ūdrande
* Vecmuižciems
* Zūru
# Every Little Thing (film)

Every Little Thing is a 2024 documentary film about hummingbird rehabilitator Terry Masear. It was directed by Sally Aitken.
# Kevin Felida

Kevin Felida (born 11 November 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eredivisie club RKC Waalwijk. Born in the Netherlands, he represents the Curaçao national team.

## Club career

Born in Spijkenisse, where he grew up as a childhood friend of Joshua Zirkzee, Felida ended up in the youth academy of FC Den Bosch via VV Spijkenisse and Excelsior. In the 2017–18 season, he began playing for their under-21 team. Felida made his senior debut on 1 December 2017, in the 3–0 win over Go Ahead Eagles, where he came on as a substitute in the 85th minute for Muhammed Mert. On 14 November, it was announced that Felida has signed a contract extension keeping him at the club until the summer of 2020. At the same time, Felida became a regular part of the first-team squad. In the match against FC Dordrecht (4–1 win), on 16 March 2018, Felida scored his first professional goal, a strike from 30 metres out.
In the summer of 2022, Felida joined RKC Waalwijk on a three-year contract.

## International career

Felida debuted with the Curaçao national team in a 0–0 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification tie with Guatemala on 8 June 2021.

## Personal life

Born in the Netherlands, Felida is of Curaçaoan descent. He is the nephew of the footballer Charlison Benschop.
# Joanna Ferrone

Joanna Ferrone is an American writer and author. She is best known for co-creating the fictional character Fido Dido with Sue Rose. Ferrone and Rose also created Angela Anaconda, which Ferrone describes as a reflection of her upbringing.

## Life and career

Ferrone was the third of eight children, raised in the Catholic faith but Ferrone would later describe herself as agnostic. She was raised in Oyster Bay, New York. Growing up, she described herself as the "consummate tomboy". She identifies as a lesbian, and her family's "only gay child". In an interview, Ferrone expressed her previous feelings that had she been born another time, she would have transitioned.$^{:338}$ Ferrone was heavily involved in the New York queer arts scene of the 1970s and 1980s.$^{:337}$ She cited queer pop art influences such as Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring as central to her and Sue Rose's practice.$^{:337}$ At the time of Fido Dido's creation, Ferrone worked as the owner to a stock photo library. Before that, she worked as a department store gift wrapper, waitress, receptionist, and the owner of a stock photography company.
Ferrone was the co-creator of the mascot Fido Dido alongside Sue Rose, Ferrone's partner at the time. He was designed in 1985 with his appearance inspired by a mutual friend of the two,$^{:337}$ and the design was initially put on t-shirts, his design later caught the attention of Patricia Field. Three years following his creation, his design caught the interest of Pepsi's agency looking for a character to market 7-Up that embodied an energy that was "cool, identifiable and really liberal in its outlook". Ferrone was responsible for naming and creating the personality of the character, and served as his "business manager". Ferrone co-created Angela Anaconda alongside Sue Rose. Ferrone described the series as a reaction to the premises she saw on TV while she was growing up and the questions she felt while comparing herself to the picture perfect families that were shown. Ferrone described Angela Anaconda as "very autobiographical, that was the most natural thing." Ferrone revealed in an interview with YouTuber Alexandra Bender that she was not involved in Angela Anaconda's eventual inclusion in Digimon: The Movie.
She served as the founder and president of Honest Entertainment, which aimed to remake Fido Dido for a modern audience. In 2002, Ferrone was slated as the co-creator and co-writer to the show Family Values alongside Tom Brady. The series was described in Variety as "wholesome ’50s-style family living in the modern world" and "'Pleasantville' gone wild". Family Values was to be produced by Honest Entertainment in collaboration with Mainframe Studios. Following the success of Angela Anaconda, Ferrone alongside Rose, were responsible for writing the Angela Anaconda companion books. Ferrone would later publish Julian Dickerson and the Higher Ups and Doreen by Doreen as an independent author. In addition, Ferrone serves as the owner of the FIDO x CIRCULAR store in Wynwood neighborhood of Miami.
# Defender (Gabriella Cilmi song)

"Defender" is a song by Australian singer–songwriter Gabriella Cilmi, released as the third single from her second studio album Ten. The single release of "Defender" included a cover of Kiki Dee's "Magic Carpet Ride" as a b-side, promotional releases however listed the two songs as a double-A Side. It was co-written by Gabriella herself alongside George Astasio, Jason Pebworth and Jon Shave.

## Release

"Defender" was released as a digital download on 26 August 2010. The single failed to appear on the UK Singles Chart.

## Critical reception

Jon O'Brien from Allmusic said that: "The epic beats of the Dido-esque power "Defender," offer a respite from the party atmosphere, but as competent as they are, Ten is much more interesting when Cilmi unleashes her previously hidden disco diva tendencies".

## Music video

The music video for "Defender" starts off with Cilmi with her back to the camera holding a microphone, a stage light is shining on her and a crowd can be heard cheering and applauding her. The video then cuts to Gabriella sitting and singing in a room wearing a white top; the room seems to be a part of a derelict space station. Clips of her walking through the corridors with a black dress intersect the parts of the video with her in the room. Whilst walking through the corridor she takes off her jewellery and her dress leaving Cilmi in just her underwear and shoes. Water then sprays over her and close ups of Gabriella with wet hair are shown.
Scenes of her in the white top intersect again. Gabriella is seen fully clothed again and she starts to cut her wet hair with a pair of scissors. She then finds some ink in a glass bottle and uses an instrument to tattoo 3 bars on her wrist. She wraps black material around her wrists and is then seen walking down the corridor again only this time she is holding a katana and she has a scarf around her mouth. The lights then go out in the space station and Gabriella fades into the darkness.

## Track listings
### Digital download

* "Defender"

### Digital EP

* "Defender"
* "Magic Carpet Ride"
* "Defender" (Cahill Remix)
# Rinascita

Rinascita (Italian: Rebirth) was a political and cultural magazine published in Rome, Italy, between 1944 and March 1991. It was one of the media outlets of Italian Communist Party (PCI).

## History and profile

Rinascita was founded in 1944. The founder was Palmiro Togliatti, the leader of the PCI. He launched the magazine upon his return to Italy from exile in Moscow. He also edited the magazine until his death in 1964. Rinascita, published on a monthly basis, was headquartered in Rome. It was an official organ of the PCI.
Rinascita was established to serve as an ideological guide for militants and to revive the Marxist movement. It argued that the Communist Party had the most comprehensive vision about the nation's interests. The magazine attempted to develop a synthesis between Gramsci and Stalin. Following the death of Stalin in 1953, Rinascita described him as a perfect Marxist.
One of the frequent topics featured in Rinascita was the resistance against Fascists. It also published a special issue about the resistance, and Gisella Floreanini was among its contributors. The other leading contributors included Carlo Bernardini, Giovanni Berlinguer, Fausto Bertinotti and Giulio Quercini.
From 1962 Rinascita was published weekly. In the 1960s the magazine provided detailed analyses on the Sino-Soviet split. During the same period it featured many articles containing discussions about the relationship between socialism and democracy and between state and party. These articles, although written by different authors, commonly concluded that centralized rule, censorship, ideological dogmatism, and administrative coercion should be condemned.
The magazine frequently featured articles on environmental issues in the 1980s. Rinascita temporarily stopped publication due to the low circulation figures in the late 1980s. It was soon relaunched, but again ceased publication in March 1991. Alberto Asor Rosa was the last editor of the magazine.

## Directors

* Palmiro Togliatti (1944-1964)
* Gian Carlo Pajetta (14 ottobre 1964 - 14 dicembre 1966)
* Luca Pavolini (15 dicembre 1966 - 1970)
* Alessandro Natta (1970-1972)
* Gerardo Chiaromonte (1972-1975)
* Alfredo Reichlin (1975-1977)
* Adalberto Minucci (1977-1979)
* Luciano Barca (1979-1983)
* Giuseppe Chiarante (1983 - 1986)
* Romano Ledda (30 aprile 1986 - 26 marzo 1987)
* Franco Ottolenghi (29 luglio 1987 - 30 luglio 1989)
* Alberto Asor Rosa (31 luglio 1989 - 24 febbraio 1991)
# Ohmefentanyl

Ohmefentanyl (also known as β-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl, OMF and RTI-4614-4) is an extremely potent opioid analgesic drug which selectively binds to the μ-opioid receptor.
There are eight possible stereoisomers of ohmefentanyl. These stereoisomers are among the most potent μ-opioid receptor agonists known, comparable to super-potent opioids such as carfentanil and etorphine which are only legally used for tranquilizing large animals such as elephants in veterinary medicine. In mouse studies, the most active stereoisomer, 3R,4S,βS-ohmefentanyl, was 28 times more powerful as a painkiller than fentanyl, the chemical from which it is derived, and 6300 times more powerful than morphine. Ohmefentanyl has three stereogenic centers and eight stereoisomers, which are named F9201–F9208. Researchers are studying the different pharmaceutical properties of these isomers.
The 4″-fluoro analogue (i.e., substituted on the phenethyl ring) of the 3R,4S,βS isomer of ohmefentanyl is one of the most potent opioid agonists yet discovered, possessing an analgesic potency approximately 18,000 times that of morphine. Other analogues with potency higher than that of ohmefentanyl itself include the 2′-fluoro derivative (i.e., substituted on the aniline phenyl ring), and derivatives where the N-propionyl group was replaced by N-methoxyacetyl or 2-furamide groups, or a carboethoxy group is added to the 4-position of the piperidine ring. The latter is listed as being up to 30,000 times more potent than morphine.
Side effects of fentanyl analogues are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Illicitly used fentanyl analogues have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.
# Passatelli

Passatelli are a pasta formed of bread crumbs, eggs, grated Parmesan cheese, and in some regions lemon, and nutmeg; it is typically cooked in chicken broth. Typically, it is found mainly in Romagna, Pesaro and Urbino province (northern Marche), Ancona province (central Marche) and other regions of Italy, such as Umbria.
Passatelli is made by passing the dough through a potato ricer, often into a boiling broth.
# Ravi Sinha

Ravi Sinha ( born 14 January 1964) is an Indian Police Service officer of 1988 batch currently posted as the secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing of India.
# Linguistic system

The idea of language as a linguistic system appears in the linguistic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure, J.R. Firth, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Louis Hjelmslev, and Michael Halliday.
The paradigmatic principle - the idea that the process of using language involves choosing from a specifiable set of options - was established in semiotics by Saussure, whose concept of value (viz. “valeur”), and of signs as terms in a system, “showed up paradigmatic organization as the most abstract dimension of meaning”

## 'System' in systemic functional linguistics

“System” is used in two related ways in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). SFL uses the idea of system to refer to language as a whole, (e.g. “the system of language”). This usage derives from Hjelmslev. In this context, Jay Lemke describes language as an open, dynamic system.
There is also the notion of “system” as used by J.R. Firth, where linguistic systems are considered to furnish the background for elements of structure. Halliday argues that, unlike system in the sense in which it was used by Firth was a conception only found in Firth’s linguistic theory.
In this use of the term “system”, grammatical, or other features of language, are considered best understood when described as sets of options. Thus, “the most abstract categories of the grammatical description are the systems together with their options (systemic features). A systemic grammar differs from other functional grammars (and from all formal grammars) in that it is paradigmatic: a system is paradigmatic set of alternative features, of which one must be chosen if the entry condition is satisfied.
In Halliday’s early work, “system” was considered to be one of four fundamental categories for the theory of grammar, the others being unit, structure and class. The category of ‘system’ was invoked to account for “the occurrency of one rather than another from among a number of like events” At that time, Halliday defined grammar as “that level of linguistic form at which operate closed systems”
In adopting a system perspective on language, systemic functional linguistics can be seen as part of a more general 20th and 21st century reaction against atomistic approaches to science, in which an essence is sought after within smaller and smaller components of the phenomenon under study. In systems thinking, any delineated object of study is defined by its relations to other units postulated by the theory. In systemic functional linguistics, this has been described as the trinocular perspective. Thus a descriptive category must be defended from three perspectives: from above (‘what does it construe?’ ‘what effect does it have in a context of use?’), below (‘how is this function realized?’) and round about (‘what else is in the neighbourhood?’ ‘what other things does this thing have to interact with?’). This gives systemic functional linguistics an affinity with studies of complex systems.
# Antifungal protein family

The antifungal protein family is a protein family, with members sharing a structure consisting of five antiparallel beta strands which are highly twisted creating a beta barrel stabilised by four internal disulphide bridges. A cationic site adjacent to a hydrophobic stretch on the protein surface may constitute a phospholipid binding site.

## Penicillium

PAF (Q01701) and PAFB (D0EXD3) are two members of PF11402 from Penicillium chrysogenum. PAF exhibits growth-inhibitory activity against a broad range of filamentous fungi. Evidence suggests that disruption of Ca$^{2+}$ signaling/homeostasis plays an important role in the mechanistic basis of PAF as a growth inhibitor. PAF also elicits hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane and the activation of ion channels, followed by an increase in reactive oxygen species in the cell and the induction of an apoptosis-like phenotype
PAF and PAFB are well-tolerated by mamallian and plant cells. They have proposed uses in medicine.

## In humans

Human epithelium produces antifungal protein S100A7, which is not a member of this protein family. Instead, S100A7 belongs in the S100 protein family. The proteins kill fungi by inducing apoptosis and/or forming pores on the cell membrane.
# Plaza del Mercado de Manatí

Plaza del Mercado de Manatí is a historic marketplace building in Manatí, Puerto Rico. It was the first structure that attempted to house under one roof all of the market functions that until 1925 were carried out in an open lot on Padial Street. This new typology was for meeting health and hygiene regulations introduced by the United States government. Constructing the building in the place of the original market helped preserve the continuity of uses and the commercial character of this part of Manatí barrio-pueblo, the downtown area of the municipality of Manatí.
The building, oriented from north to south, is located in the town square of Manatí and opens onto two streets. On Padial Street, the building is at the ground level but on Quiñones Street there is a 15 foot (4.6 m) difference, which required the construction of a monumental staircase. This difference in level allowed for the design of a basement which served as a warehouse and commercial space.

## Gallery

* Monument honoring Nuestros jíbaros (our farmers)
* Plaza del Mercado de Manatí with its monumental staircase
* The interior of the building which is now used as a (Center of Arts), Centro de las Artes
* Plaque outside Plaza del Mercado de Manatí
* Fountain on the corner of Plaza del Mercado