# March 11

* March 11 in recent years
* 2025 (Tuesday)
* 2024 (Monday)
* 2023 (Saturday)
* 2022 (Friday)
* 2021 (Thursday)
* 2020 (Wednesday)
* 2019 (Monday)
* 2018 (Sunday)
* 2017 (Saturday)
* 2016 (Friday)
March 11 is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 295 days remain until the end of the year.

## Events
### Pre-1600

* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 1343 O.S.), and, a year later, the first Archbishop of Prague.
* 1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: Padua, led by John Hawkwood, is victorious over Giovanni Ordelaffi of Verona.

### 1601–1900

* 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.
* 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.
* 1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper, is published for the first time.
* 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
* 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end.
* 1795 – The Battle of Kharda is fought between the Maratha Confederacy and the Nizam of Hyderabad, resulting in Maratha victory.
* 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hōne Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororāreka, New Zealand.
* 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.
* 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.
* 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
* 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.
* 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; it is located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
* 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicates his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom.
* 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400 people.

### 1901–present

* 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Frederick Stanley Maude.
* 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
* 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
* 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.
* 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established.
* 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.
* 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: Around 150 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.
* 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.
* 1981 – Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia, to give their province more political rights. The protests then became a nationwide movement.
* 1982 – Fifteen people are killed when Widerøe Flight 933 crashes into the Barents Sea near Gamvik, Norway.
* 1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia.
* 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, making Gorbachev the USSR's de facto, and last, head of state.
* 1990 – Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union.
* 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970.
* 2003 – The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague.
* 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain kill 191 people.
* 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as the first female president of Chile.
* 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Fifteen are killed and nine are injured before recent graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.
* 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile. Aftershocks of the 2010 Pichilemu earthquakes hit central Chile during the ceremony.
* 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.
* 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.
* 2018 – A Bombardier Challenger 604 crashes into the Zagros Mountains near the Iranian city of Shar-e-kord, killing all 11 people on board.
* 2020 – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares the COVID-19 virus epidemic a pandemic.
* 2021 – US President Joe Biden signs the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan into law.
* 2023 – The Burmese military kills at least 30 villagers, including 3 Buddhist monks, during the Pinlaung massacre in Shan State, Myanmar.

## Births
### Pre-1600

* 1278 – Mary of Woodstock, daughter of Edward I of England (d. c. 1332)
* 1544 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet and educator (d. 1595)

### 1601–1900

* 1738 – Benjamin Tupper, American general (d. 1792)
* 1785 – John McLean, American jurist and politician (d. 1861)
* 1806 – Louis Boulanger, French Romantic painter, lithographer and illustrator (d. 1867)
* 1811 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1877)
* 1815 – Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)
* 1818 – Marius Petipa, French-Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 1910)
* 1819 – Henry Tate, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Tate & Lyle (d. 1899)
* 1822 – Joseph Louis François Bertrand, French mathematician, economist, and academic (d. 1900)
* 1863 – Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1915)
* 1870 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1946)
* 1876 – Carl Ruggles, American composer and painter (d. 1971)
* 1880 – Harry H. Laughlin, American eugenicist and sociologist (d. 1943)
* 1884 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish minister and hymn-writer (d. 1974)
* 1885 – Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (d. 1948)
* 1887 – Raoul Walsh, American actor and director (d. 1980)
* 1890 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and academic (d. 1974)
* 1893 – Wanda Gág, American author and illustrator (d. 1946)
* 1897 – Henry Cowell, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)
* 1898 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)
* 1899 – Frederik IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
* 1899 – James H. Douglas, Jr., American lawyer, and politician, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense (d. 1988)

### 1901–present

* 1903 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand historian and scholar (d. 1989)
* 1903 – Lawrence Welk, American accordion player and bandleader (d. 1992)
* 1907 – Jessie Matthews, English actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1981)
* 1908 – Matti Sippala, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 1997)
* 1910 – Robert Havemann, German chemist and academic (d. 1982)
* 1911 – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, Scottish general and politician (d. 1996)
* 1913 – Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke, German colonel and pilot (d. 1944)
* 1915 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
* 1915 – J. C. R. Licklider, American computer scientist and psychologist (d. 1990)
* 1916 – Harold Wilson, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
* 1920 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
* 1921 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentine tango composer and bandoneon player (d. 1992)
* 1922 – Cornelius Castoriadis, Greek economist and philosopher (d. 1997)
* 1922 – Abdul Razak Hussein, Malaysian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Malaysia (d. 1976)
* 1922 – José Luis López Vázquez, Spanish actor, costume designer, scenic designer and assistant director (d. 2009)
* 1923 – Louise Brough, American tennis player (d. 2014)
* 1925 – Margaret Oakley Dayhoff, American biochemist and academic (d. 1983)
* 1926 – Ralph Abernathy, American minister and activist (d. 1990)
* 1927 – Vince Boryla, American basketball player, coach, and executive (d. 2016)
* 1927 – Freda Meissner-Blau, Austrian activist and politician (d. 2015)
* 1927 – Robert Mosbacher, American businessman, and politician, United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 2010)
* 1927 – Josep Maria Subirachs, Spanish sculptor and painter (d. 2014)
* 1929 – Timothy Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
* 1929 – Jackie McGlew, South African cricketer (d. 1998)
* 1930 – David Gentleman, English illustrator and engraver
* 1930 – Claude Jutra, Canadian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1986)
* 1931 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-American businessman and media magnate
* 1932 – Leroy Jenkins, American violinist and composer (d. 2007)
* 1932 – Nigel Lawson, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 2023)
* 1934 – Sam Donaldson, American journalist
* 1936 – Antonin Scalia, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2016)
* 1940 – Alberto Cortez, Argentinian-Spanish singer-songwriter (d. 2019)
* 1943 – Arturo Merzario, Italian race car driver
* 1945 – Dock Ellis, American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)
* 1945 – Harvey Mandel, American guitarist
* 1946 – Mark Metcalf, American actor
* 1947 – Tristan Murail, French composer and educator
* 1948 – Roy Barnes, American politician, 80th Governor of Georgia
* 1948 – Jim McMillian, American basketball player (d. 2016)
* 1950 – Bobby McFerrin, American singer-songwriter, producer, and conductor
* 1950 – Jerry Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1951 – Dominique Sanda, French model and actress
* 1952 – Douglas Adams, English author and playwright (d. 2001)
* 1953 – Derek Daly, Irish-American race car driver and sportscaster
* 1953 – Jimmy Iovine, American record producer and businessman, co-founded Beats Electronics
* 1953 – Bernie LaBarge, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1954 – David Newman, American composer and conductor
* 1954 – Gale Norton, American politician, 48th United States Secretary of the Interior
* 1955 – Leslie Cliff, Canadian swimmer
* 1955 – Nina Hagen, German singer-songwriter
* 1956 – Willie Banks, American triple jumper
* 1956 – Helen Rollason, English sports journalist and sportscaster (d. 1999)
* 1957 – Qasem Soleimani, Former Iranian commander of the Quds Force (d. 2020)
* 1958 – Anissa Jones, American child actress (d. 1976)
* 1959 – Nina Hartley, American pornographic actress/director, sex educator, sex-positive feminist, and author
* 1960 – Warwick Taylor, New Zealand rugby player
* 1961 – Elias Koteas, Canadian actor
* 1961 – Bruce Watson, Canadian-Scottish guitarist
* 1962 – Matt Mead, American politician, 32nd Governor of Wyoming
* 1962 – Jeffrey Nordling, American actor
* 1963 – Gary Barnett, English footballer and manager
* 1963 – Alex Kingston, English actress
* 1963 – David LaChapelle, American photographer and director
* 1964 – Peter Berg, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor
* 1964 – Raimo Helminen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach
* 1964 – Vinnie Paul, American drummer, songwriter and producer (d. 2018)
* 1964 – Shane Richie, English actor and singer
* 1965 – Nigel Adkins, English footballer and manager
* 1965 – Jesse Jackson, Jr., American lawyer and politician
* 1965 – Wallace Langham, American actor
* 1965 – Jenny Packham, English fashion designer
* 1966 – John Thompson III, American basketball player and coach
* 1967 – John Barrowman, Scottish-American actor and singer
* 1967 – Sergei Bautin, Belarusian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2022)
* 1967 – Brad Carson, American lawyer and politician
* 1968 – Lisa Loeb, American singer-songwriter
* 1969 – Terrence Howard, American actor and producer
* 1969 – Soraya, Colombian-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2006)
* 1971 – Johnny Knoxville, American actor and entertainer
* 1971 – Martin Ručinský, Czech ice hockey player
* 1971 – Lee Sang-hoon, South Korean baseball player
* 1974 – Bobby Abreu, Venezuelan baseball player
* 1976 – Thomas Gravesen, Danish footballer
* 1977 – Becky Hammon, American-Russian basketball player and coach
* 1977 – Michal Handzuš, Slovak ice hockey player
* 1978 – Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer
* 1978 – Albert Luque, Spanish footballer
* 1979 – Elton Brand, American basketball player
* 1979 – Fred Jones, American basketball player
* 1979 – Benji Madden, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1979 – Joel Madden, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1980 – Rich Hill, American baseball player
* 1980 – Mark Rober, American YouTuber and engineer
* 1980 – Dan Uggla, American baseball player
* 1981 – David Anders, American actor
* 1981 – Lee Evans, American football player
* 1981 – LeToya Luckett, American singer-songwriter and actress
* 1982 – Brian Anderson, American baseball player
* 1982 – Thora Birch, American actress, producer, and director
* 1983 – Lukáš Krajíček, Czech ice hockey player
* 1984 – Rob Brown, American actor
* 1985 – Paul Bissonnette, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1985 – Daniel Vázquez Evuy, Equatoguinean footballer
* 1985 – Cassandra Fairbanks, American journalist and activist
* 1985 – Stelios Malezas, Greek footballer
* 1985 – Greg Olsen, American football player and commentator
* 1985 – Nikolai Topor-Stanley, Australian footballer
* 1986 – Dario Cologna, Swiss skier
* 1987 – Marc-André Gragnani, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1987 – Tanel Kangert, Estonian cyclist
* 1987 – Ngonidzashe Makusha, Zimbabwean sprinter and long jumper
* 1988 – Pedro Báez, Dominican baseball player
* 1988 – Fábio Coentrão, Portuguese footballer
* 1988 – Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (d. 2015)
* 1989 – Malcolm Delaney, American basketball player
* 1989 – Orlando Johnson, American basketball player
* 1989 – Anton Yelchin, Russian-American actor (d. 2016)
* 1990 – Ayumi Morita, Japanese tennis player
* 1992 – Austin Swift, American producer and actor
* 1993 – Jodie Comer, English actress
* 1993 – Anthony Davis, American basketball player
* 1994 – Andrew Robertson, Scottish footballer
* 1996 – Conor Garland, American ice hockey player
* 1997 – Travis Konecny, Canadian ice hockey player
* 2003 – Tristan Vukčević, Serbian-Swedish basketball player

## Deaths
### Pre-1600

* 222 – Elagabalus, Roman emperor (b. 203)
* 638 – Sophronius of Jerusalem (b. 560)
* 1198 – Marie of France, Countess of Champagne (b. 1145)
* 1486 – Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1414)
* 1575 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian theologian and reformer (b. 1520)

### 1601–1900

* 1602 – Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian organist and composer (b. 1550)
* 1607 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer and educator (b. 1543)
* 1665 – Clemente Tabone, Maltese landowner and militia member (b. c. 1575)
* 1689 – Sambhaji, second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire (b. 1657)
* 1722 – John Toland, Irish philosopher and theorist (b. 1670)
* 1759 – John Forbes, Scottish general (b. 1707)
* 1820 – Benjamin West, American-English painter and academic (b. 1738)
* 1851 – Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of Haiti (b. 1778)
* 1851 – George McDuffie, American lawyer and politician, 55th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1790)
* 1863 – Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, English general (b. 1803)
* 1869 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1803)
* 1870 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786)
* 1874 – Charles Sumner, American lawyer and politician (b. 1811)
* 1898 – William Rosecrans, American general and politician (b. 1819)

### 1901–present

* 1907 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French lawyer and politician, 6th President of France (b. 1847)
* 1908 – Edmondo De Amicis, Italian journalist and author (b. 1846)
* 1908 – Benjamin Waugh, English minister and activist (b. 1839)
* 1915 – Thomas Alexander Browne, English-Australian author (b. 1826)
* 1931 – F. W. Murnau, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1888)
* 1937 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American businessman, co-founded Texaco (b. 1860)
* 1944 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American journalist and historian (b. 1882)
* 1944 – Edgar Zilsel, Austrian historian and philosopher of science, linked to the Vienna Circle (b. 1891)
* 1949 – Henri Giraud, French general and politician (b. 1879)
* 1952 – Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (b. 1885)
* 1955 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
* 1955 – Oscar F. Mayer, German-American businessman, founded Oscar Mayer (b. 1859)
* 1956 – Aleksanteri Aava, Finnish poet (b. 1883)
* 1957 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and explorer (b. 1888)
* 1959 – Lester Dent, American author (b. 1904)
* 1960 – Roy Chapman Andrews, American paleontologist and explorer (b. 1884)
* 1967 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano and actress (b. 1882)
* 1969 – John Wyndham, English author (b. 1903)
* 1970 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (b. 1889)
* 1971 – Philo Farnsworth, American inventor (b. 1906)
* 1971 – Whitney Young, American activist (b. 1921)
* 1978 – Claude François, French entertainer (b. 1939)
* 1982 – Edmund Cooper, English poet and author (b. 1926)
* 1982 – Horace Gregory, American poet, translator, and academic (b. 1898)
* 1986 – Sonny Terry, American singer and harmonica player (b. 1911)
* 1989 – James Kee, American lawyer and politician (b. 1917)
* 1989 – John J. McCloy, American lawyer and diplomat (b. 1895)
* 1992 – Richard Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)
* 1995 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress and singer (b. 1945)
* 1996 – Vince Edwards, American actor and director (b. 1928)
* 1999 – Herbert Jasper, Canadian psychologist, anatomist, and neurologist (b. 1906)
* 1999 – Camille Laurin, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (b. 1922)
* 2002 – James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
* 2006 – Bernie Geoffrion, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1931)
* 2006 – Slobodan Milošević, Serbian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1941)
* 2010 – Hans van Mierlo, Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1931)
* 2012 – James B. Morehead, American colonel and pilot (b. 1916)
* 2013 – Martin Adolf Bormann, German priest and theologian (b. 1930)
* 2013 – Simón Alberto Consalvi, Venezuelan journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Venezuela (b. 1927)
* 2014 – Dean Bailey, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1967)
* 2014 – Joel Brinkley, American journalist and academic (b. 1952)
* 2015 – Walter Burkert, German philologist and scholar (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (b. 1948)
* 2016 – Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper (b. 1936)
* 2016 – Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (b. 1944)
* 2018 – Ken Dodd, English comedian and singer (b. 1927)
* 2018 – Siegfried Rauch, German actor (b. 1932)
* 2018 – Karl Lehmann, German cardinal (b. 1936)
* 2018 – Mary Rosenblum, American science fiction and mystery author (b. 1952)
* 2021 – Ray Campi, American singer and musician (b. 1934)
* 2021 – Takis Mousafiris, Greek composer and songwriter (b. 1936)
* 2022 – Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia (b. 1937)
* 2024 – Paul Alexander, Polio survivor (b. 1946)
* 2025 – Junior Bridgeman, American basketball player and businessman (b. 1953)

## Holidays and observances

* Christian feast day:
** Alberta of Agen
** Constantine
** Óengus of Tallaght
** Sophronius of Jerusalem
** Vindicianus
* Day of Restoration of Independence from the Soviet Union in 1990 (Lithuania)
* Moshoeshoe Day (Lesotho)
* Saudi Flag Day