OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atwood, Pennsylvania

Atwood is a borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 112 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Atwood is located at 40°44′58″N 79°15′51″W﻿ / ﻿40.74944°N 79.26417°W﻿ / 40.74944; -79.26417 (40.749400, −79.264057) in eastern Armstrong County. Pennsylvania Route 210 runs through the borough, leading 6 miles (10 km) southwest to U.S. Route 422 at Elderton and 6 miles (10 km) northeast to Plumville. Keystone Lake, a reservoir on the North Branch Plum Creek, runs near the northwestern border of the borough.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.5 km$^2$), of which 2.1 square miles (5.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.039 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 1.00%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 112 people, 42 households, and 34 families residing in the borough. The population density was 53.4 inhabitants per square mile (20.6/km$^2$). There were 43 housing units at an average density of 20.5 per square mile (7.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 96.43% White, 3.57% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.57% of the population.
There were 42 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.06.
The borough median age of 39 years was slightly less than the county median age of 40 years. The distribution by age group was 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 34.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $29,750. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $12,188 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $12,026. There were 18.2% of families and 10.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

## Cemetery

* Atwood Cemetery
# Northwest Airlines Flight 5

Northwest Airlines Flight 5 was a regularly scheduled, multiple stop flight from Chicago Municipal Airport to Boeing Field, Seattle. It had intermediate stops at Minneapolis; Fargo, North Dakota; Billings, Montana; Butte, Montana; and Spokane, Washington. On October 30, 1941, on the flight's leg between Minneapolis and Fargo, the Northwest Airlines Douglas DC-3A-269 operating the route crashed into an open field about 2 1/2 miles east of the Fargo airfield, just after 2:00 am local time. All 12 passengers and two of the three crew members aboard were killed.

## Investigation

The cause of the crash was determined to be an excessive buildup of ice on the aircraft's wings.

## Aftermath

The flight's captain Clarence Bates, the sole survivor, would end up dying himself a year later from another aviation accident in St. Paul, Minnesota, test-flying a Consolidated B-24.
# Middle finger

The middle finger, long finger, second finger, third finger, toll finger or tall man is the third digit of the human hand, located between the index finger and the ring finger. It is typically the longest digit. In anatomy, it is also called the third finger, digitus medius, digitus tertius or digitus III.

## Overview

In Western countries, extending the middle finger (either by itself, or along with the index finger in the United Kingdom: see V sign) is an offensive and obscene gesture, widely recognized as a form of insult, due to its resemblance of an erect penis. It is known, colloquially, as "flipping the bird", "flipping (someone) off", or "giving (someone) the finger".
The middle finger is often used for finger snapping together with the thumb.
# Beatrice Angle

Beatrice Angle (1859–1915) was a British sculptor who worked in terracotta and bronze.

## Biography

Angle was born in Hornsey in north London but grew up in neighbouring Islington, one of the eleven children of Susan and John Angle, a job master. Angle specialised in terracotta and bronze busts and heads, but on occasion also produced porcelian pieces and more imaginative designs. At the Paris Salon of 1892 she showed a statuette entitled The Young Venitian. Angle exhibited pieces at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool and in London, showing some 16 works at the Royal Academy between 1885 and 1899 and two pieces at the Society of Women Artists in 1890. For some time Angle maintained a studio at Yeoman's Row in Kensington but later lived at Sandwich in Kent.
# Cool S

The Cool S, also known as the Universal S, the Stüssy S, the Super S, the Pointy S, and the Graffiti S, is a graffiti sign in popular culture and childlore that is typically doodled on children's notebooks or graffitied on walls. The exact origin of the Cool S is unknown, but it became prevalent around the early 1970s as a part of graffiti culture.

## Shape

The Cool S consists of 14 line segments, forming a stylized, pointed S-shape. It has also been compared to the infinity symbol. The S appears to have depth, where the overlap in the center of the S and the appearance of a potential altitude change at the top and bottom of the S make it look like the S connects back to itself in the same way as the infinity symbol does. The Cool S has no reflection symmetry, but has 2-fold rotational symmetry.

### Construction

* The Cool S is started by drawing three short vertical lines, parallel and evenly-spaced, and then drawing another, identical group of three lines below them, separated by a gap the same length as each line segment. On a Cartesian coordinate system, these segments can be described as (0,4)–(0,3) / (1,4)–(1,3) / (2,4)–(2,3) and (0,2)–(0,1) / (1,2)–(1,1) / (2,2)–(2,1).
* Two diagonal lines are drawn, each connecting two of the line segments drawn in the prior step: (0,3)–(1,2) and (1,3)–(2,2)
* Two V shapes are drawn to create the top and bottom of the shape. One is inverted: (0,4)–(1,5)–(2,4) and the other is upright: (0,1)–(1,0)–(2,1)
* Finally, the two open ends are connected to the diagonal segments' midpoints: (0,2)–(1⁄2,21⁄2) and (2,3)–(11⁄2,21⁄2)

## History

The exact origin of the symbol is unclear; however, it is generally considered to be an artifact of childlore, meaning that it is taught by children to children over the course of generations.
Jon Naar's photographs of graffiti in New York City, which were taken in 1973 and published in The Faith of Graffiti in 1974, frequently contain the symbol. Jean-Michel Basquiat's artworks also occasionally feature it, such as in Charles the First, and in Untitled (Olive Oyl) it is labelled "CLASSIC S OF GRAFF".
In July 2020, the S was trademarked in the United States as "The S Thing" by a man who had no involvement in its creation. However, he claimed that he does not intend to sue people for drawing it.

### False origin theories

Several unverified claims have been made about the origin of the Cool S. The name "Superman S" comes from a belief that it was a symbol for Superman, whose costume features a stylized S in a diamond shape, but that shape is different. It has been suggested to originate with the band Sacred Reich, but a member of the band denied this. A marketing manager at Suzuki, whose logo was another purported origin of the symbol, denied that its logo ever contained the symbol. It has also been suggested to be associated with the Sureños. According to a prominent former detective, southern Californian gangs usually use "S-13" or "SUR" and "S" would likely not be associated with the Sureños.
Emmy Coats (who has worked alongside Shawn Stussy since 1985) has stated that it was never a symbol of Stussy's Californian surf company.
# Psychrolutes microporos

Psychrolutes microporos is a species of deepwater marine fish in the family Psychrolutidae, commonly known as a blobfish or fathead. It is found in the abyssal zone in waters around Australia and New Zealand. A photograph of an individual taken in 2003 has become famous on the internet.

## Discovery

A specimen of Psychrolutes microporos was trawled by the RV James Cook and Doctor Ignacio Hernández Ricordi in 1983 and described by Joseph Nelson in 1995. The holotype is in the Museum of New Zealand. Another specimen was collected at a depth of 980 m (3,200 ft) off the coast of New Zealand. Another specimen was collected in 2007 in the Tasman Sea at a depth of 1,200 m (3,900 ft).

## Description

Psychrolutes microporos is a whitish colour and is flattened laterally, with a wide mouth. Blobfish which are pulled up from the depths too quickly suffer severe tissue damage because of the drastic drop in pressure, and become a gelatinous mass (hence the name "blobfish") with a prominent proboscis. Blobfish in their natural deep-sea habitat have a completely different appearance, recognizably piscine, compact, and with no proboscis. Blobfish can support extremely high pressures in the deep ocean, when compared to pressures closer to the surface of the ocean.

## Distribution

Psychrolutes microporos is found in the abyssal depths between the Australian mainland and Tasmania. Two specimens were collected in the month-long NORFANZ Expedition of 2003 which was examining the biodiversity of the seamounts and slopes of the Norfolk Ridge. They averaged 1.7 kg (4 lb) and were found in a single location.

## Biology

The texture of Psychrolutes microporos's body is gelatinous, a feature often found in deep sea fish. Little is known of its behaviour because of the difficulty of observing it in its natural habitat. It is thought to be an ambush predator, consuming anything edible that comes within its reach. Due to the species' gelatinous composition, it has been found to be able to absorb arsenic toxins found in water on a nanoscopic level.

## Popularity

During Kerryn Parkinson’s time on the NORFANZ expedition (2003), she was tasked to photograph rare or unknown specimens. Encountering the Psychrolutes microporos, Parkinson found the specimen amusing and took a photograph of it. The team nicknamed the pink gloopy fish as Mr Blobby.
Seven years later, the image had gained attraction and became very popular on several social media sites. In 2013, the frowning pink-gloopy specimen in Parkinson’s photograph was voted to be the mascot for the Ugly Animal Preservation Society, unofficially titling it as the World’s Ugliest Animal. The Smithsonian magazine argued the "ugly" looks appear only when fished, outside of its high-pressure habitat.
On March 2025 the Blobfish has been voted New Zealand's Fish of the Year, securing nearly 1,300 votes in the annual competition organized by the Mountains to Sea Conservation Trust. This contest aims to raise awareness about marine biodiversity, and the blobfish's unique appearance has made it a mascot for the Ugly Animal Preservation Society.
# List of monarchs of Haiti

The monarchs of Haiti (French: monarques d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Monak Ayiti) were the heads of state and rulers of Haiti on three non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century.
With complete independence achieved from France in 1804, Haiti became an independent monarchy—the First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806). Haiti reverted to a monarchy in the 1810s, during the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820). Haiti reverted for a third and final time to a monarchy during the Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859).
The period known as the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986), despite the misleading name, is not a period of monarchy but of an authoritarian family dictatorship (Hereditary dictatorship).

## First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Title | Ref. |
| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign began | Reign ended | Time reigning | Title | Ref. |
| | | Jacques I (1758–1806) | 22 September 1804 | 17 October 1806 † | 2 years, 25 days | Emperor of Haiti (Empereur d'Haïti) | |

## Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Title | Ref. |
| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign began | Reign ended | Time reigning | Title | Ref. |
| | | Henry I (1767–1820) | 28 March 1811 | 8 October 1820 † | 9 years, 194 days | King of Haiti (Roi d'Haïti) | |
| | | Henry II (1804–1820) | 8 October 1820 | 18 October 1820 † | 10 days | (Unproclaimed) King of Haiti (Roi d'Haïti) | |

## Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Title | Ref. |
| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name (birth–death) | Reign began | Reign ended | Time reigning | Title | Ref. |
| | | Faustin I (1782–1867) | 26 August 1849 | 15 January 1859 | 9 years, 142 days | Emperor of Haiti (Empereur d'Haïti) | |

## Kingdom of La Gonâve

| Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Title | Ref. |
| Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Reign began | Reign ended | Time reigning | Title | Ref. |
| | Ti Memenne (19th century –fl. 1929) | ca. 1920s | ca. 1920s | | Queen of La Gonâve (Reine de La Gonâve) | |
| | Faustin II (1896–1945) | 18 July 1926 | 1929 | 2–3 years | King of La Gonâve (Roi de La Gonâve) | [1][2] [3][4] [5][6] [7] |
# Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era

The current state of quantum computing is referred to as the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet for fault-tolerance or large enough to achieve quantum advantage. These processors, which are sensitive to their environment (noisy) and prone to quantum decoherence, are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction. This intermediate-scale is defined by the quantum volume, which is based on the moderate number of qubits and gate fidelity. The term NISQ was coined by John Preskill in 2018.
According to Microsoft Azure Quantum's scheme, NISQ computation is considered level 1, the lowest of the quantum computing implementation levels.
In October 2023, the 1,000 qubit mark was passed for the first time by Atom Computing's 1,180 qubit quantum processor. However, as of 2024, only two quantum processors have over 1,000 qubits, with sub-1,000 quantum processors still remaining the norm.

## Algorithms

NISQ algorithms are quantum algorithms designed for quantum processors in the NISQ era. Common examples are the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), which use NISQ devices but offload some calculations to classical processors. These algorithms have been successful in quantum chemistry and have potential applications in various fields including physics, materials science, data science, cryptography, biology, and finance. However, due to noise during circuit execution, they often require error mitigation techniques. These methods constitute a way of reducing the effect of noise by running a set of circuits and applying post-processing to the measured data. In contrast to quantum error correction, where errors are continuously detected and corrected during the run of the circuit, error mitigation can only use the outcome of the noisy circuits.

## Beyond-NISQ era

The creation of a computer with tens of thousands of qubits and enough error correction would eventually end the NISQ era. These beyond-NISQ devices would be able to, for example, implement Shor's algorithm for very large numbers and break RSA encryption.
In April 2024, researchers at Microsoft announced a significant reduction in error rates that required only 4 logical qubits, suggesting that quantum computing at scale could be years away instead of decades.
# Zarafa (software)

Zarafa was an open-source groupware application that originated in the city of Delft in the Netherlands. The company that developed Zarafa, previously known as Connectux, is also called Zarafa. The Zarafa groupware provided email storage on the server side and offered its own Ajax-based mail client called WebAccess and a HTML5-based, WebApp. Advanced features were available in commercially supported versions ("Small Business", "Professional" and "Enterprise" (different feature levels)). Zarafa has been superseded by Kopano.
Zarafa was originally designed to integrate with Microsoft Office Outlook and was intended as an alternative to the Microsoft Exchange Server. Connectivity with Microsoft Outlook was provided via a proprietary client-side plugin. Support for the plugin has been discontinued after Q1/2016, though Outlook from then on can use its own ActiveSync implementation instead. The WebApp (and WebAccess) has the same "look-and-feel" as the Outlook OWA. The software handles a personal address-book, calendar, notes and tasks, "Public Folders", a shared calendar (inviting internal and external users, resource management), exchange of files, and video chat. The open source edition does not support any MAPI-based Outlook users, while the community edition supports three Outlook users.
All server-side components and the WebApp/WebAccess of Zarafa are published under the Affero General Public License (AGPL), based on the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2). Introducing and maintaining a dual-licensing strategy, on 18 September 2008 Zarafa released the full core software, that is the server side software stack, under the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3 (AGPLv3).

## Technology

Zarafa provides its groupware functionality by connecting the Linux-based server with Outlook clients using MAPI. The communication between server and client is based upon SOAP technology. The connection to Outlook clients can be secured using TLS/SSL, either directly between the Zarafa server program and the client, or via an HTTPS proxy. All data is generally stored in a MySQL database, although attachments can be saved on the filesystem. The Zarafa server can get its user information from LDAP, Active Directory, Unix user accounts or the MySQL database. The webmail is based on HTML5 (WebApp) and AJAX technology (WebAccess), with a PHP backend using a MAPI PHP extension. Other clients can connect via POP3, IMAP and iCalendar/CalDAV.
Zarafa initiated a project called Z-push in October 2007. It supports Exchange ActiveSync compatible devices (Symbian, Pocket PC, iPhone (firmware 2.0 and higher), Android (version 2.1 and higher), Nokia (mail4Exchange)) implementing the ActiveSync protocol and using the Incremental Change System (ICS) provided by the PHP-MAPI extension.
# Héloïse Werner

Héloïse Werner is a French soprano and composer based in London.

## Education and career

Werner studied as a choral scholar at Clare College, Cambridge before receiving an MA from Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance.
Werner has performed in various venues such as the Royal Albert Hall andSouthbank Centre and has performed and written for with ensembles such as the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, BBC Singers, Manchester Collective, and the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra.
Her opera, The Other Side of the Sea premiered at the King's Place, London in May 2019.
She released Phrases in June 2022 and Close Ups in June 2024 both released on Delphian Records.Close Ups is nominated in the BBC Music Magazine Awards 2025 in the Vocal Category.
She is a founder of The Hermes Experiment, who were the winners of the Young Artists Award at the Royal Philharmonic Society Music Awards. The Hermes experiment also premiered a work written by Werner dedicated to Mira Calix who passed in 2022.
She is represented by Askonas Holt.
# King Alfred's Way

King Alfred's Way is a 350 km predominantly off-road cycling route that officially starts at the historic Westgate, at one end of the High Street in Winchester, and finishes at the other end, under the statue of King Alfred. The route was created by the charity Cycling UK. The charity spent three years working on the route which connects four of England’s National Trails: North Downs Way, South Downs Way, The Ridgeway, and Thames Path. Creating the route involved working with councils and landowners to upgrade footpaths to bridleways.
# Kasatka Bay

Kasatka Bay (Russian: Залив Касатка, romanized: Zaliv Kasatka), formerly known by its Japanese name Hitokappu Bay (単冠湾, Hitokappu Wan), is a natural harbor at the central part of Iturup, Kuril Islands. It has been controlled by the Soviet Union since the Soviets annexed the Kuril Islands from Japan at the end of World War II, and is currently under the administration of the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
On 26 November 1941, the Japanese Imperial Navy led 24 vessels with the six aircraft carriers from Hitokappu Bay towards Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to trigger the Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December, which led the United States declaration of war upon Japan.
# Demra Thana

Demra (Bengali: ডেমরা) is a (metropolitan) thana of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. It consists of Ward No 64, 65 (part), 66, 67, 68, 69 and 70 of Dhaka South City Corporation. Demra is situated in the eastern border area of Dhaka City.

## History

Demra thana was established in 1973. The thana consists of 6 wards & 19 mouzas.

## Geography

Demra Thana is located at 23°42′30″N 90°26′30″E﻿ / ﻿23.7083°N 90.4417°E﻿ / 23.7083; 90.4417. It has 102757 units of household and total area 22.4 km$^2$ [2011].
It is bounded by Khilgaon and Sabujbagh thanas on the north, Sampur thana and Narayanganj sadar upazila on the south, Rupganj upazila on the east, Kadamtali and Jatrabari thanas on the west.

## Demographics

Religions in Demra Thana (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 97.39% | 97.39% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 2.58% | 2.58% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.03% | 0.03% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Demra Thana had 51,645 households with average household size of 4.23 and a population of 226,679. Males constituted 53.73% (121,805) of the population while females 46.27% (104,874). Demra Thana had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 73.1%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 116.There were 21 floating people in this jurisdiction.
The religious breakdown was Muslim 97.39% (220,753), Hindu 2.58% (5,838), Christian 0.02% (41), Buddhist 0.01% (34), and others 0.01% (13). The ethnic minority people living there were 87 persons in total.

## Parliament's constituency

Demra is a part of Dhaka-5 parliamentary constituency. It is one of the 300 constituencies of the National Assembly of Bangladesh. It is the 178th seat of the Jatiya Sangsad in the Dhaka district.
The constituency was created for the first general elections in newly independent Bangladesh, held in 1973.
Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. 2008 redistricting altered the boundaries of the constituency.

## Notable people

* Habibur Rahman Mollah (26 January 1942 - 6 May 2020), politician, businessman, MP
# Mademoiselle Gobete

Mademoiselle Gobete (Italian: La Presidentessa) is a 1952 Italian comedy film directed by Pietro Germi.

## Cast

* Silvana Pampanini: Gobette
* Aroldo Tieri: Judge Luciano Pinglet
* Carlo Dapporto: Cipriano Gaudet
* Ave Ninchi: Aglae Tricoin
* Luigi Pavese: President Tricoin
* Marilyn Buferd: Angelina
* Paolo Stoppa
* Nico Pepe
* Laura Gore
* Ernesto Calindri
* Eva Vanicek

## Reception

Robert Hawkins of Variety wrote that the film "has several dull stretches, failing to capitalize on its potentials." He opined that Germi's direction "allows the actors the actors a full range, with some resultant overplaying."