# Outline of Israel

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Israel:
Israel – country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The State of Israel (Medinat Yisrael) came into existence as the homeland for the Jewish people at the termination of Mandatory British Palestine on 14 May 1948, through the Israeli Declaration of Independence. This was followed by massive migration of Jews from both Europe and the Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, contributing to the extensive and still ongoing Arab–Israeli conflict. Israel's financial capital and technology center is Tel Aviv and the proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world.

## General reference

* Pronunciation: /ˈɪzreɪəl, -ri-/
* Common English country name: Israel
* Official English country name: The State of Israel
* Common endonym(s): Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל (formal ˌjisräˈʔel; colloquial ˌʔisräˈel); Arabic: إسْرائيلُ (ˌʔɪsraːˈʔiːl)
* Official endonym(s): Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (formal mədiˌnät jisräˈʔel; colloquial mediˌnät‿isräˈel); Arabic: دَوْلَةُ إسْرائيلَ (ˌdɑwlæt(ʊ) ʔɪsraːˈʔiːl)
* Adjectival(s): Israeli
* Etymology: Name of Israel
* International rankings of Israel
** 151st largest country
** 96th most populous country
* ISO country codes: IL, ISR, 376
* ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IL
* Internet country code top-level domain: .il

## Geography of Israel

Geography of Israel
* Israel is: a country
* Location:
** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
** Eurasia
*** Asia
**** Southwest Asia
** Middle East
*** The Levant
** Extreme points of Israel
*** High: Har Meron 1,208 m (3,963 ft)
*** Low: Dead Sea −412 m (−1,352 ft) – lowest point on the surface of the Earth
** Time zone: Israel Standard Time (UTC+02), Israel Summer Time (UTC+03)
* Population of Israel: (May 2008) Total: 7,282,000 people - 96th most populous country
* Area of Israel: 22,072 km$^2$ (8,522 sq mi) (Including the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem) - 151st largest country
* Atlas of Israel

### Environment of Israel

* Climate of Israel
* Ecology of Israel
** Ecoregions in Israel
** Renewable energy in Israel
* Geology of Israel
* Green building in Israel
* National parks of Israel
* Protected areas of Israel
* Wildlife of Israel
** Flora of Israel
** Fauna of Israel
*** Birds of Israel
*** Mammals of Israel
* Zalul Environmental Association

#### Natural geographic features of Israel

* Lakes of Israel
* Rivers of Israel
* World Heritage Sites in Israel

### Regions of Israel
#### Administrative divisions of Israel

Administrative divisions of Israel
* Districts of Israel (6)
** Subdistricts of Israel (15)
*** Natural regions of Israel (50)
**** Municipalities of Israel

##### Districts of Israel

Districts of Israel

##### Municipalities of Israel

* Cities of Israel
** Capital of Israel: Jerusalem and largest city in area and population.
** Tel Aviv - Israel's commercial center.
** Haifa - largest city of northern Israel and a major seaport.
** Beersheba - largest city of southern Israel.
** Eilat - Israel's southernmost city and only port on the Red Sea.
* Local councils
* Regional councils

### Demography of Israel

Demographics of Israel

## Government and politics of Israel

Politics of Israel
* Form of government: parliamentary representative democratic republic
* Capital of Israel: Jerusalem
* Elections in Israel
** 194919511955195919611965196919731977198119841988199219961999200320062009201320152019 (Apr)2019 (Sept)202020212022
* Political parties in Israel
* Political scandals of Israel
* Taxation in Israel

### Branches of the government of Israel
#### Executive branch of the government of Israel

* Head of state: President of Israel, Isaac Herzog
* Head of government: Prime Minister of Israel, Naftali Bennett
* Governments of Israel
** Provisional123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536

#### Legislative branch of the government of Israel

* Knesset (unicameral parliament): Lists of Knesset members

#### Judicial branch of the government of Israel

Israeli judicial system
* The Supreme Court of Israel serves as an appellate court, High Court of Justice and constitutional court
* District Courts serve as appellate courts and also serve as courts of first instance for some cases
* Magistrate Courts serve as the court of first instance; some magistrate courts deal with specific affairs
* Separate systems, which include religious courts, military courts, labor courts

### Foreign relations of Israel

Foreign relations of Israel
* Arab–Israeli conflict
** Six-Day War
** Yom-Kippur War
** Israeli–Palestinian peace process
*** Arab-Israeli peace projects
** Israeli settlement
*** United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334
* Diplomatic missions in Israel
* Diplomatic missions of Israel
* Israel–United States relations

#### International organization membership

International organization membership of Israel Israel is a member of:

### Law and order in Israel

Law of Israel
* Capital punishment in Israel
* Censorship in Israel
* Constitution of Israel
* Crime in Israel
* Human rights in Israel
** LGBT rights in Israel
** Freedom of religion in Israel
* Law enforcement in Israel

### Military of Israel

Israel Defense Forces
* Command
** Commander-in-chief: Gadi Eizenkot
** Defence minister: Avigdor Liberman
*** Ministry of Defense of Israel
* Forces
** Army of Israel
** Navy of Israel
** Air Force of Israel
** Special forces of Israel
* Wars involving Israel
* Military operations conducted by the Israel Defense Forces
* Military history of Israel
* Military ranks of Israel

### Local government in Israel

Local government in Israel

## History of Israel

History of Israel

### History of Israel by period
#### Prehistory of Israel

* Prehistory of the Levant

#### Ancient history of Israel

History of ancient Israel and Judah
* Canaan
* Israelites
* Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) (hypothetical)
* Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
* Kingdom of Judah
* Babylonian rule
* Second Temple period
** Persian rule
** Coele-Syria (Hellenistic period)
** Hasmonean dynasty
** Herodian dynasty
*** Herodian kingdom
*** Herodian Tetrarchy
*** Destruction of the Second Temple
* Roman period
** Roman Judea
*** Jewish–Roman wars
**** First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE)
***** Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)
****** Destruction of the Second Temple
**** Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE)
** Syria Palaestina

#### The Jewish "Middle Ages" in Palestine
##### 1st Millennium

* Ancient synagogues in Israel
* Ancient synagogues in Palestine
* development of most of early Rabbinic literature, from the era of Chazal
** Mishnah, Tosefta, and Minor tractates
** Halakhic Midrash, and most of the Aggadic Midrashim
* Palestinian Talmud
* 4th century - Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
* 7th century - Jewish revolt against Heraclius
* Piyyut
** Jose ben Jose, Yannai (Payetan)
* 6th - 10th centuries- the Palestinian Masoretes
** Niqqud, Hebrew cantillation (trope).

##### 2nd millennium

* Pre-Modern Aliyah
* Chronology of Aliyah in modern times
* Old Yishuv

#### Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine
* Mandate for Palestine
* United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
* History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

#### History of modern Israel

Timeline of Israeli history
* History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Israeli Declaration of Independence
* 1948 Arab–Israeli War
* Austerity in Israel
* Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany (1952)
* Six-Day War (1967)
* Yom Kippur War (1973)
* Israeli disengagement from Gaza (2005)
* Current events of Israel

#### Years in Israel
##### 1940s

    1948
    1949

##### 1950s

    1950
    1951
    1952
    1953
    1954
    1955
    1956
    1957
    1958
    1959

##### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

##### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

##### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

##### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

##### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009

##### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

##### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024

### History of Israel by region

* History of Jerusalem (timeline)
* History of Tel Aviv (timeline)

### History of Israel by subject

* Economic history of Israel
** Start-up Nation
* Jewish history
** History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
** Jewish refugees
* Military history of Israel
** History of the Israel Defense Forces
** Arab–Israeli conflict
*** History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Postage stamps and postal history of Israel

## Culture of Israel

Culture of Israel
* Architecture of Israel
* Cuisine of Israel
* Ethnic minorities in Israel
* Festivals in Israel
* Humor in Israel
* Languages of Israel
* Media of Israel
* National symbols of Israel
** Coat of arms of Israel
** Flag of Israel
** National anthem of Israel
* People of Israel
* Prostitution in Israel
* Public holidays in Israel
* Records of Israel
* Religion in Israel
** Buddhism in Israel
** Christianity in Israel
** Hinduism in Israel
** Islam in Israel
** Judaism in Israel
* World Heritage Sites in Israel
* List of synagogues in Israel

### Art in Israel

* Art in Israel
* Cinema of Israel
* Literature of Israel
* Music of Israel
* Television in Israel
* Theatre in Israel

### Sports in Israel

Sports in Israel
* Football in Israel

## Economy and infrastructure of Israel

Economy of Israel
* Economic rank, by nominal GDP
* Agriculture in Israel
* Banking in Israel
** National Bank of Israel
* Communications in Israel
** Internet in Israel
* Companies of Israel
* Currency of Israel: New Sheqel
** ISO 4217: ILS
* Economic history of Israel
** Start-up Nation
* Energy in Israel
** Energy policy of Israel
** Oil industry in Israel
* Health care in Israel
* Mining in Israel
* Science and technology in Israel
* Tourism in Israel
* Transport in Israel
* Israel Stock Exchange
* Transportation in Israel
** Airports in Israel
** Rail transport in Israel
** Roads in Israel
* Water supply and sanitation in Israel

## Education in Israel

Education in Israel