OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cardiovascular disease and air pollution
## Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
### Introduction

Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), contributing to heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, and heart failure. Exposure to pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is responsible for approximately 7 million premature deaths annually, with a significant proportion attributed to cardiovascular complications.
Long-term exposure to air pollution has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, induce systemic inflammation, and trigger acute cardiovascular events. The risk is particularly high in urban areas with heavy traffic, industrial emissions, and poor air quality control. Understanding the link between air pollution and CVD is essential for implementing effective public health interventions and regulatory policies to mitigate these health effects.

### Types of Air Pollutants and Their Cardiovascular Effects

Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10)
* PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers) can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
* PM10 (particles smaller than 10 micrometers) is linked to increased risks of hypertension and heart disease.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
* Generated from vehicle emissions and industrial processes, NOx contributes to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
* Long-term exposure is linked to elevated blood pressure and heart failure.
Ozone (O3)
* Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile organic compounds in sunlight.
* Exposure can impair lung function and trigger systemic inflammatory responses, increasing the risk of arrhythmias and heart attacks.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
* CO binds to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport in the blood.
* This can lead to hypoxia, increased cardiac workload, and worsening of ischemic heart disease.

### Epidemiological Evidence

* Global Studies

### Conclusion

Air pollution is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease, affecting millions worldwide. Exposure to pollutants such as PM2.5, NOx, and ozone leads to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. While global regulatory efforts and public health initiatives aim to mitigate these effects, continued research and policy advancements are necessary to protect vulnerable populations.
# Constantine Phokas

Constantine Phokas (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Φωκᾶς; died 953/954) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general.

## Life

Constantine was the youngest son of Bardas Phokas the Elder, and brother of the general and later emperor Nikephoros II Phokas and the general Leo Phokas the Younger. When his father was appointed as Domestic of the Schools (commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army) in 945, Constantine was appointed strategos (military governor) of the theme of Seleucia, on the Empire's southeastern border with the Muslim world.
He participated in his father's campaigns against the Muslims, and was captured by the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, at the Battle of Marash in 953. Constantine took part in Sayf al-Dawla's subsequent triumphal entry into Aleppo, but he soon fell ill and died (probably in early 954). Some Byzantine sources suggest that he was poisoned by Sayf al-Dawla after refusing to convert to Islam, while Arab sources claim that he was poisoned by Byzantine agents after Sayf al-Dawla refused a huge ransom offered by Bardas Phokas. Whatever the truth, Constantine's death seems to have been blamed on Sayf al-Dawla by the Byzantines, and many Arab captives, including some of the Hamdanid emir's relatives, were executed as a result. Some Byzantine and Arab sources claim that this resulted in the failure of a peace embassy sent by the Byzantines in June 954 under Paul Monomachos, but modern scholars discount this.
# List of 2025 box office number-one films in Austria

This is a list of films which placed number one at the weekend box office for the year 2025.

## Number-one films

| Week | Weekend End Date | Film | Total weekend gross (Euro) | Weekend openings in the Top 10 |
| 1 | January 5, 2025 | Mufasa: The Lion King | €613,000 | Nosferatu (#5), Better Man (#8) |
| 2 | January 12, 2025 | Mufasa: The Lion King | €356,000 | We Live in Time (#6) |
| 3 | January 19, 2025 | Mufasa: The Lion King | €267,872 | Den of Thieves 2: Pantera (#2), A Real Pain (#9) |
| 4 | January 26, 2025 | Mufasa: The Lion King | €200,000 | Die drei ??? und der Karpatenhund (#2), The Count of Monte Cristo (#3), Aida - Verdi (MET 2024/25) (#4) |
| 5 | February 2, 2025 | Paddington in Peru | €329,809 | Babygirl (#3), The Brutalist (#8) |
| 6 | February 9, 2025 | Paddington in Peru | €291,000 | Maria (#6), Companion (#10) |
| 7 | February 16, 2025 | Captain America: Brave New World | €420,000 | Wunderschöner (#3) |
| 8 | February 23, 2025 | Captain America: Brave New World | €212,096 | Disney Channel Cinema Party (#3), Flight Risk (#6), The Monkey (#7) |
| 9 | March 2, 2025 | Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy | €207,000 | A Complete Unknown (#2), Ein Mädchen namens Willow (#5) |
| 10 | March 9, 2025 | Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy | €151,384 | Mickey 17 (#2), The Day Iceland Stood Still (#10) |
| 11 | March 16, 2025 | Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy | €170,000 | Fidelio - Beethoven (MET 2024/25) (#6) |

## Records
### Highest-grossing films

| Rank | Title | Domestic gross | Country |
| 1. | Mufasa: The Lion King | €3,249,993 | United States |
| 2. | Paddington in Peru | €1,888,318 | United Kingdom, France, United States |
| 3. | Moana 2 | €1,281,010 | United States |
| 4. | Captain America: Brave New World | €1,249,019 | United States |
| 5. | Sonic the Hedgehog 3 | €1,224,442 | United States, Japan |

### Biggest opening weekends

| Rank | Title | Distributor | Opening Weekend |
| 1 | Captain America: Brave New World | Disney | €420,000 |
| 2 | Paddington in Peru | Sony | €329,809 |
| 3 | Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy | Universal Pictures | €207,000 |
| 4 | Nosferatu | Universal Pictures | €200,000 |
| 5 | Babygirl | A24 | €165,238 |

### Biggest opening and regular weekends

| Rank | Title | Distributor | Opening Weekend |
| 1 | Mufasa: The Lion King | Disney | €613,000 |
| 2 | Captain America: Brave New World | Disney | €420,000 |
| 3 | Mufasa: The Lion King | Disney | €356,000 |
| 4 | Paddington in Peru | Sony | €329,809 |
| 5 | Moana 2 | Disney | €299,000 |
# Hermas (plant)

Hermas is a genus of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to Cape Provinces of South Africa.

## Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771. A 2021 molecular phylogenetic study found that it did not belong to any of the four subfamilies of the Apiaceae, and suggested that it could be placed in a subfamily of its own.

### Species

As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
* Hermas capitata L.f.
* Hermas ciliata L.f.
* Hermas gigantea L.f.
* Hermas intermedia C.Norman
* Hermas lanata (Hill) Magee
* Hermas proterantha B.J.de Villiers
* Hermas quercifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Hermas quinquedentata L.f.
* Hermas villosa (L.) Thunb.
# Philaretos Brachamios

Philaretos Brachamios (Greek: Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος; Armenian: Փիլարտոս Վահրամ Վարաժնունի, romanized: Pilartos Vahram Varajnuni; Latin: Philaretus Brachamius) was a distinguished Byzantine general and warlord of Armenian heritage. He was for a time a claimant to the imperial throne against Emperor Michael VII. Philaretos is attested on seals as taxiarches (commander of an infantry regiment), as well as protospatharios and topoteretes (deputy commander) of the Tagmata of Cappadocia, then as magistros and doux (duke), and finally as kouropalates and doux.

## Background

Since the 1060–1070s, the Armenian highlands and the Anti-Taurus Mountains had been exposed to Turkoman warriors and their rule, while the presence of local Christian lords in the region stretching from the Cilician plain to Diyar Mudar persisted.

## Career

Philaretos is described by Michael the Syrian as having a "tough and robust character" while Matthew of Edessa saw him as a "lawless and most evil prince". Philaretos held a high command in the army of Romanus IV Diogenes. In 1069 he was given the command of the main Byzantine army that was protecting the frontier of Mesopotamia while Romanus participated in the siege of Akhlat. He was defeated by the Seljuk Turks who advanced deep into Cappadocia and Lycaonia and plundered at will before rapidly retreating with their spoils. He was present at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, where he commanded a division of Romanus' army, and remained at the head of a considerable body of troops after the defeat.
In the aftermath of the battle, he commanded the forces of the fortress Romanopolis, and on Romanus' death he assumed the title of emperor. As the only remaining Byzantine general in the southeast he established a quasi-autonomous realm in the neighbourhood of Germanicia, which stretched from Cilicia to Edessa. The core of his army was composed of 8,000 "Franks" (Normans) under Raimbaud. In 1078, at the beginning of the rule of Nikephoros III Botaneiates, he agreed to abandon his imperial claims on condition that Botaneiates appoint him as the duke of Antioch, which included Edessa. Several seals testify him as megas domestikos and protokouropalates, then sebastos, then even protosebastos. Philaretos also tried to entice the Syriac Patriarch to restore the patriarchal seat to the Monastery of Bārid, but the patriarchs remained in Amid, their special diocese, and in the monastery of Mor Bar Sauma.
He retained his dukedom until the Turks began to press heavily upon him. In December 1084, he lost Antioch to Suleiman I, ruler of the Turks of Rum. In 1087, Edessa fell to Malik Shah and Philaretos escaped back to the fortress of Germanicia; however, some sources indicate that he died in 1086. He was the last well-known Domestic of the Schools of the East. His sons handed Germanicia to the First Crusade in 1098. After his death, his principality fell apart and various other Armenians took control of fractions of it: Kogh Vasil controlled the area of Kaysun, Raban and Hromkla, Thoros controlled Edessa, Gabriel held Melitene and a certain Constantine the town of Gargar.
# Ryan Air Service Flight 103

On 23 November, 1987, Ryan Air Service Flight 103, a Beechcraft 1900C operating a domestic flight in Alaska from Kodiak Airport to Homer Airport, crashed near the runway at Homer Airport, while approaching it. 18 of the 21 people on board were killed. It was determined that the cause of the crash was an improper loading, which led to a loss of control during landing.

## Aircraft and crew

The aircraft involved was a Beechcraft 1900C, registered as N401RA, and manufactured in 1986. The captain was 26 years old Robert Deliman Jr, he joined Ryan Air Services in 1984, he had a total of 7087 flight hours, of which 4420 in the Beechcraft 1900. The first officer was 40 years old Gareth Stoltzfus, he had been hired by Ryan Air Services in 1986, he had a total of 10532 flight hours of which 300 in the Beechcraft 1900. There were 19 passengers on board, 17 from Alaska and two from Wisconsin, of them many were hunters returning from deer hunting in Kodiak Island.

## Accident

At 5:42 pm local time the aircraft took off fully loaded, with 19 passengers on board and 651 kg of cargo, from runway 07 at Kodiak Airport. The aircraft had difficulties to become airborne, and had to accelerate to 15 knots over V1 speed to lift off from the runway. The cruise went uneventful. At 6:19 pm local time Flight 103 was cleared to land following a DME approach, after a preceding plane cancelled an instrument approach. At 6:25 pm the Homer Airport tower recieved a distress signal from the aircraft. Witnesses on the ground reported that Flight 103 was not in normal conditions during the approach. When the plane was about 24 m from the runway its wings rolled back and forth, and the aircraft started to fall steeply towards the ground. Flight 103 impacted terrain in a flat attitude, struck an airport perimeter fence, slided on its belly for a few meters and then stopped. Intially of the 21 people on board, the captain and 13 passengers were killed, but the first officer and a passenger died while being transported to the hospitals, while two other passengers died the next day at Anchorage, at the end three passengers survived. The cause of all the fatalities were the blunt forces of the impact.

## Investigation

The investigators found out that the plane was loaded 30 kg more than requested by the crew. The extension of the flaps while preparing for landing caused a loss of control, due to the fact that the center of gravity was displaced in a very aft position; icing conditions were present, but they did not caused the stall but only accelerated it. The final report stated that the cause of the crash was an improper loading, caused by the failure of the crew in supervising it, that caused a loss of control in a landing configuration. The recommendations that the NTSB made after the crah were all regarding the internal configuration of the aircraft, which contributed in great part to the fatalities.
# Tai Po Tin

Tai Po Tin (Chinese: 大埔田) is a village in Ta Kwu Ling, North District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Tai Po Tin is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

## History

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Tai Po Tin was 56. The number of males was 25.
# Yoganand Shastri

Yoganand Shastri (born 17 April 1944) is an Indian politician from Delhi. He thrice served as member of Delhi Legislative Assembly. He also served as the Speaker of Delhi Legislative Assembly from 2008 to 2013. He was a cabinet minister for Development, Food and Civil Supplies in First Dikshit cabinet and Minister for Health and Social Welfare in Second Dikshit cabinet. He twice represented Malviya Nagar Assembly constituency and one time Mehrauli Assembly constituency. He entered the Nationalist Congress Party in November 2021 in the presence of party chief Sharad Pawar and later joined congress in 2024.

## Positions held

| Year | Description |
| 1998 - 2003 | Elected to 2nd Delhi Assembly for Malviya Nagar Cabinet Minister for Development, Food and Civil Supplies |
| 2003 - 2008 | Elected to 3rd Delhi Assembly for Malviya Nagar (2nd term) Cabinet Minister for Health and Social Welfare |
| 2008 - 2013 | Elected to 4th Delhi Assembly for Mehrauli (3rd term) Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly |

## Electoral Performances

| Year | Constituency | Result | Vote percentage | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote percentage |
| 1993 | Malviya Nagar | Lost | 42.41% | Rajendra Gupta | BJP | 42.99% |
| 1998 | Malviya Nagar | Won | 55.19% | Rajendra Gupta | BJP | 40.97% |
| 2003 | Malviya Nagar | Won | 48.10% | Monika Arora | BJP | 39.56% |
| 2008 | Mehrauli | Won | 32.83% | Sher Singh Dagar | BJP | 31.15% |
| 2013 | Mehrauli | Lost | 22.21% | Parvesh Sahib Singh | BJP | 38.72% |
| 2015 | Malviya Nagar | Lost | 5.96% | Somnath Bharti | AAP | 54.98% |
# Santi Biagio e Cataldo

Santi Biagio e Cataldo or San Biagio e Cataldo was a church on the western corner of the Giudecca island in Venice, Italy. It was dedicated to saint Blaise and saint Catald.

## History

The original building dates back to the end of the 10th century and was consecrated in 1188. In 1222 a monastery was built adjoining it. The church has been restored twice. The first time was a radical restructuring in 1593 by Michele Sanmicheli, demolished the roof of the choir and sending its columns to the nearby church of Sant'Eufemia. Merian's plan of 1635 probably shows the original church prior to that restoration, on a Romanesque three-nave basilica plan with a frontage directly onto the lagoon and a Romanesque belltower with a pyramidal spire.
A second restoration early in the 18th century by Domenico Rossi and Giorgio Massari concentrated on the interior, altars and paintings. Johan Richter's view of the church of 1725 shows it still as a three nave basilica church, with a covered portico along one side - it shows the church from the lagoon and thus gives no evidence for the façade on the landward side. The square belltower with a polygonal spire above the belfry is shown further back than it is in the de Barbari plan, after Sanmicheli's radical restructuring.
The church and its monastery remained active until 1810, when it was suppressed by Napoleonic decree. It was bought by a private owner and initially converted into a hospital complex before being demolished in the second half of the 19th century to make way for the Molino Stucky industrial complex.
# Bob Butler

Robert Parker Butler (April 4, 1891 – December 17, 1959) was an American gridiron football player best known for playing college football for the University of Wisconsin. Nicknamed "Butts", he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972.

## Biography

Butler was born in 1891 in Bloomfield, New Jersey. He grew up in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, and attended high school in neighboring Montclair, where he played football (as a fullback) and basketball (as a guard) as a member of the class of 1910 at Montclair High School.
Butler played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers football team during the 1911–1913 seasons. He played as an end during his sophomore season, when the 1911 Badgers had a 5–1–1 record. Thereafter, he played as a tackle, and was selected by Walter Camp to the 1912 College Football All-America Team. Butler reportedly broke a thumb during a game early in the 1912 season, but played through the injury. The 1912 Badgers posted a 7–0 record, finishing atop the Western Conference standings. The 1913 Badgers slipped to a 3–3–1 record, while some selectors again named Butler to the 1913 College Football All-America Team. Butler was also selected to the All-Western college football teams of 1912 and 1913.
In 1915, Butler was recruited by Jack Cusack, manager of the Canton Bulldogs of the Ohio League (a predecessor of the National Football League), to bolster the Bulldogs' roster in their final game of the season, against the rival Massillon Tigers. The Bulldogs, who had lost to the Tigers two weeks earlier, 16–0, won the rematch, 6–0, with all of Canton's points scored by Jim Thorpe.
Butler married Lillian Eastlund, a fellow graduate of the University of Wisconsin, on December 31, 1918. Butler moved to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1927. At the time of his death at his Memphis home in 1959, he was operating a commercial chicken hatchery there. He was survived by his wife and a daughter.
In 1972, Butler was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame. In 1992, he was inducted to the athletic hall of fame at the University of Wisconsin.

## Sources

* Peterson, Robert W. (1996). Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195076073.
# Narayanganj Club Limited

Narayanganj Club Limited is a social club in Bangladesh. It was originally established as the European Club in Narayanganj during the period of British rule in India in 1893.

## History

Narayanganj Club Limited was established in 14 February 1993 as the European Club in Narayanganj. Initially, membership of the club was restricted to individuals from Great Britain and Ireland, and Indians were not allowed to become members; the club was expanded in 1905. During the Second World War, the club allowed some Australians and Americans to become members. In 1947 following the partition of India, membership of the club was opened to Indians. Narayanganj Club was described as livelier than Dacca Club by S. N. Maitra in his autobiographical book A Collector's Piece. He described Scots, engaged in the jute trade, celebrating St. Andrew's Day with dancing and Scotch whisky.
The second annual meeting of the Jute Association was held in Narayanganj Club on 8 December 1951 under the president of the Association, M. M. Ispahani.
In 1967, the first Bengali president, M. A. Sattar was elected.
In December 1972, Minister of Information Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury spoke at the two-day conference of the Bangladesh Journalists Association, which was held at the club. He assured them that freedom of the press would be respected in the newly independent Bangladesh.
In December 2007, Kashem Jamal, who was the vice-president of the Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association, was elected president of Narayanganj Club.
In 2010, the National Women's Chess Championship was held at the club.
Membership stood at 250 in 1992 and had increased to 1400 in 2014. On 19 July 2016, during the attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh from 2015 to 2016, Narayanganj Club received a letter from the Islamic State affiliate in Bangladesh that threatened to kill 20 members of the club. In 2018, an audit by SH Khan & Co found financial irregularities in the club's finances.
In 2018, Narayanganj Club became the runners-up in the snooker team championship held at Dhaka Club.
# Vicente Taborda

Vicente Taborda (born 14 June 2001) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Platense, on loan from Boca Juniors.

## Club career

Taborda began playing football with his local club Centro Bancario Gualeguay, before being scouted by Boca Juniors in 2010. He made his professional and senior debut with Boca Juniors in an Argentine Primera División 0–0 draw against Banfield on 25 July 2021. On 31 August 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Boca Juniors until 2025. In June 2022, he extended his contract by one year until 2026. He then joined Platense on loan until December 2023 with an option to return early as needed. On 2 August 2023, Boca activated the option to recall him and he joined their senior squad. After returning to Boca and playing a handful of games, Taborda once again joined Platense on loan on 4 September 2024.

## Career statistics

    As of 18 March 2025.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Boca Juniors | 2021 | Primera División | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Boca Juniors | 2022 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Boca Juniors | 2023 | Primera División | — | — | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Boca Juniors | 2024 | Primera División | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Boca Juniors | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Platense | 2022 | Primera División | 22 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 3 |
| Platense | 2023 | Primera División | 25 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 2 |
| Platense | 2025 | Primera División | 42 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 4 |
| Platense | Total | Total | 57 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 9 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 63 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 9 |
* ↑ Includes Copa Argentina
* ↑ Includes Copa de la Liga
* ↑ Appearances in Copa Libertadores
* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Sudamericana

## Honours
### Boca Juniors

* Primera División: 2022