# Langfang

Langfang is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province, China, and was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. At the 2020 census, the population of Langfang was 5,464,087, of whom 1,147,591 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Guangyang and Anci districts; its total area is around 6,417.28 km$^2$ (2,477.73 sq mi). Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest, Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei), Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing, so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area.

## Administrative divisions

Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts, 2 county-level cities, 5 counties, 1 autonomous county, and one economic development zone (开发区).
Map :
| Anci Guangyang Gu'an County Yongqing County Xianghe County Dacheng County Wen'an County Dachang County Bazhou (city) Sanhe (city) ||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Anci District | 安次区 | Āncì Qū | 350,000 | 595 | 588 |
| Guangyang District | 广阳区 | Guǎngyáng Qū | 410,000 | 313 | 1,310 |
| Bazhou City | 霸州市 | Bàzhōu Shì | 570,000 | 784 | 727 |
| Sanhe City | 三河市 | Sānhé Shì | 480,000 | 643 | 747 |
| Gu'an County | 固安县 | Gù'ān Xiàn | 390,000 | 697 | 560 |
| Yongqing County | 永清县 | Yǒngqīng Xiàn | 370,000 | 774 | 478 |
| Xianghe County | 香河县 | Xiānghé Xiàn | 310,000 | 458 | 677 |
| Dacheng County | 大城县 | Dàchéng Xiàn | 460,000 | 910 | 505 |
| Wen'an County | 文安县 | Wén'ān Xiàn | 460,000 | 980 | 769 |
| Dachang Hui Autonomous County | 大厂回族自治县 | Dàchǎng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn | 110,000 | 176 | 625 |
Development area:
* Langfang Economic and Technological Development Area (廊坊经济技术开发区)

## Geography

Langfang City is located in the central part of Hebei Province, with latitude ranging from 38 ° 30 'to 40 ° 05' north and longitude ranging from 116 ° 07 'to 117 ° 15' east. To the north is Yanshan Mountain, to the west is Taihang Mountain, to the east is Bohai Sea, and to the south is the vast North China Plain.
The area of this city is 6429 square kilometers. In the northern region, there are Sanhe County, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County; In the central and southern regions, there are Anci District, Yongqing County, Gu'an County, Baxian County, Wen'an County, and Dacheng County. The city governs one district and eight counties, 44 towns, 110 townships, and 3228 administrative villages.
On the other hand, air pollution is a severe problem and in 2013 it was ranked among the 10 worst cities in China for air pollution, along with 6 other cities in Hebei including Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Handan, Hengshui and Tangshan, are among China's 10 most polluted cities. From the perspective of atmospheric environment, pollutants emitted from the Shanxi Plateau, Beijing Tianjin Tangshan, southern Hebei, Shandong, and southern Henan are transported by various wind belts in front of the Taihang Mountains, forming a convergence of boundary layer pollutants. In addition, influenced by the westerly wind belt and the leeward slope terrain of the Taihang Mountains, various types of terrain depressions often form in the Hebei Plain, causing the convergence of pollutants in the region.

### The "Northern Three Counties" Exclave

The "Northern Three Counties of Langfang City" exclave, separated from the rest of the province, is a part of Langfang City. The exclave comprises Sanhe County-level city, Xianghe County, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.

### Climate

Climate data for Langfang, elevation 14 m (46 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 39.1 (102.4) | 41.4 (106.5) | 40.3 (104.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 18.7 (65.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | 0.1 (32.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.7 (28.9) | 12.9 (55.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 0.2 (32.4) | −5.7 (21.7) | 7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −11.2 (11.8) | −3.0 (26.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | −5.5 (22.1) | −13.7 (7.3) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −21.8 (−7.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 5.7 (0.22) | 6.7 (0.26) | 23.6 (0.93) | 34.8 (1.37) | 77.3 (3.04) | 164.2 (6.46) | 122.0 (4.80) | 52.8 (2.08) | 29.5 (1.16) | 14.3 (0.56) | 2.3 (0.09) | 535.8 (21.07) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 63.8 |
| Average snowy days | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 9.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 50 | 48 | 45 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 74 | 76 | 70 | 63 | 59 | 53 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 173.6 | 180.2 | 226.3 | 247.0 | 275.2 | 243.2 | 215.3 | 219.6 | 214.0 | 199.7 | 165.5 | 165.7 | 2,525.3 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 57 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 55 | 48 | 52 | 58 | 59 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration all-time extreme temperature ||||||||||||||

## History

On June 26, 1900, during the Boxer Movement, belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at the Battle of Langfang, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The Chinese forces were victorious.
It was the site of another battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In the summer of 1938, on the vast fertile land on both sides of the Luan River east of Beiping and Tianjin, and west of Shanhaiguan and Qinhuangdao, an anti Japanese storm swept across the eastern region of Hebei Province - the Jidong People's Anti Japanese Armed Uprising. The Jidong Uprising, in the history of anti fascist armed uprisings during World War II, was the earliest, largest in number, most widespread in territory, had the greatest impact, and achieved the most significant results in the nationwide armed resistance against Japan.

## Economy

Langfang's economy emphasizes computers and technology and manufacturing. To that effect Langfang is home to an Export Processing Zone, an area for factories, and the Oriental University City, a 4-billion yuan investment that began construction in 1999, where some 30 universities enroll about 50,000 students.
There are two national oil and gas companies based in Langfang. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau, the primary builder of pipelines in China, and the ENN Group, a natural gas company, are both based in the city.
In recent years, Langfang has focused on digital industrialization, industrial digitization, digital governance, and data value, strengthening the digital economy and empowering high-quality development.

### Development Zone

* Langfang Export Processing Zone
The Langfang Export Processing Zone (Langfang EPZ) was established by the State Council in 2005. Langfang Export Processing Zone is a special enclosed area approved by the State Council and supervised by customs. In accordance with the instructions of the State Council leadership to optimize stock, control increment, standardize management, and improve level, the current "grazing style" for processing trade has been changed to a "captive style" centralized management. Currently, export processing zones have become an important carrier for regulating processing trade management and promoting the transformation and upgrading of processing trade in China. It has a planned area of 0.5 km2 and commenced operation in October 2008. It is the only state-level development zone in Langfang. Langfang EPZ is located in the Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone (Langfang ETDZ), which is a province-level development zone. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Beijing's third ring-road, and 50 km (31 mi) from down-town Tianjin. It is 60 km (37 mi) from Beijing Capital International Airport, and 70 km (43 mi) from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, airports which are China's first and twelfth largest airports in terms of cargo transport, respectively. The nation's fourth largest seaport, Tianjin Port, is 105 km (65 mi) from Langfang EPZ.

## Transport

Part of the Beijing Daxing International Airport (IATA: PKX, ICAO: ZBAD) is located in Guangyang District of Langfang. It is also only a one-hour drive from Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK, ICAO: ZBAA) and the Tianjin New Port.
The Guangyang railway station serves the older Beijing–Shanghai railway, while the newer Langfang railway station opened in July 2011 as the penultimate stop on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.
The Langfang Railway Station is located on Jiefang Road, Guangyang District, Langfang City, Hebei Province. Langfang Railway Station is 74 kilometers upstream from Beijing Station and 1393 kilometers downstream from Shanghai Station on the Beijing Shanghai Railway. It is under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Railway Bureau's Beijing Rolling Stock Depot and is currently a second-class station and interval station.