OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rainbow Bridge (Kansas)

The Rainbow Bridge is an old bridge over Brush Creek approximately two miles west of Riverton, Kansas on former U.S. Route 66 (US-66), now a county road. The bridge is a single-span concrete Marsh arch bridge and is the sole surviving bridge of this type on the entire length of the former highway. Two other Marsh arch bridges were also located on US-66 in Kansas, both over the Spring River. It was built in 1923.
The bridge has often been covered with graffiti, but was recently re-painted white. The bridge has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places (as the Brush Creek Bridge) on March 10, 1983, due to its connection with US-66 and is also a Kansas state landmark. In 2014, Kansas Rt. 66 Historic Byway nominated a bypassed 2.1 miles (3.4 km) section of original 1926 highway, which ran south from the Brush Creek to the Willow Creek bridge near Baxter Springs, for an NRHP listing.
The bridge is fairly narrow, and due to traffic on the road, a replacement bridge has been built. The road curves toward the new bridge toward Baxter Springs, but a short, one-way road carries traffic to the Rainbow Bridge, which may still be crossed. This was part of a compromise after a disagreement between the county and the Kansas Route 66 Association as federal funds used for construction of the new bridge required demolition of the old. The bridge had been listed with the National Register, which prohibited condemnation of the old bridge.
In the year 2000, country singer Brad Paisley performed "Route 66" on the bridge for the TLC special, "Route 66: Main Street America".
# Flexible polyhedron

In geometry, a flexible polyhedron is a polyhedral surface without any boundary edges, whose shape can be continuously changed while keeping the shapes of all of its faces unchanged. The Cauchy rigidity theorem shows that in dimension 3 such a polyhedron cannot be convex (this is also true in higher dimensions).
The first examples of flexible polyhedra, now called Bricard octahedra, were discovered by Raoul Bricard (1897). They are self-intersecting surfaces isometric to an octahedron. The first example of a flexible non-self-intersecting surface in $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$, the Connelly sphere, was discovered by Robert Connelly (1977). Steffen's polyhedron is another non-self-intersecting flexible polyhedron derived from Bricard's octahedra.

## Bellows conjecture

In the late 1970s Connelly and D. Sullivan formulated the bellows conjecture stating that the volume of a flexible polyhedron is invariant under flexing. This conjecture was proved for polyhedra homeomorphic to a sphere by I. Kh. Sabitov (1995) using elimination theory, and then proved for general orientable 2-dimensional polyhedral surfaces by Robert Connelly, I. Sabitov, and Anke Walz (1997). The proof extends Piero della Francesca's formula for the volume of a tetrahedron to a formula for the volume of any polyhedron. The extended formula shows that the volume must be a root of a polynomial whose coefficients depend only on the lengths of the polyhedron's edges. Since the edge lengths cannot change as the polyhedron flexes, the volume must remain at one of the finitely many roots of the polynomial, rather than changing continuously.

## Scissor congruence

Connelly conjectured that the Dehn invariant of a flexible polyhedron is invariant under flexing. This was known as the strong bellows conjecture or (after it was proven in 2018) the strong bellows theorem. Because all configurations of a flexible polyhedron have both the same volume and the same Dehn invariant, they are scissors congruent to each other, meaning that for any two of these configurations it is possible to dissect one of them into polyhedral pieces that can be reassembled to form the other. The total mean curvature of a flexible polyhedron, defined as the sum of the products of edge lengths with exterior dihedral angles, is a function of the Dehn invariant that is also known to stay constant while a polyhedron flexes.

## Generalizations

Flexible 4-polytopes in 4-dimensional Euclidean space and 3-dimensional hyperbolic space were studied by Hellmuth Stachel (2000).{[sfnp|Stachel|2000}} In dimensions $n\geq 5$, flexible polytopes were constructed by Gaifullin (2014).
# Pisgah Branch

Pisgah Branch is a stream in Audrain and Randolph Counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Pisgah Branch took its name from Pisgah Baptist Church.
# Ancient Northern East Asian

In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Northern East Asian (ANEA), also known as Northern East Asian (NEA), is used to summarize the related ancestral components that represent the Ancient Northern East Asian peoples, extending from the Baikal region to the Yellow River and the Qinling-Huaihe Line in present-day central China. They are inferred to have diverged from Ancient Southern East Asians (ASEA) around 20,000 to 26,000 BCE.
The ANEA can be differentiated into broadly three sub-groups, namely the “Ancient Northeast Asians“ (ANA), “Neo-Siberians", and "Yellow River farmers". The ANEA are to be distinguished from the derived and namely similar "Ancient Northeast Asian" (ANA) lineage, which is alternatively also known as "Amur ancestry", and which forms a sub-group of the ANEA grouping, specifically ancestral to hunter-gatherer people of the 7th-4th millennia before present, in the Amur region and later expanding to far-eastern Siberia, Mongolia and the Baikal regions, but which are most closely related to other ancient northern East Asians, such as the earlier expanding "Neo-Siberians" evident in the Early Neolithic Baikal region.
In North Asia, an early branch of the Ancient Northern East Asian lineage in conjunction with the Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) resulted in the formation of the Ancient Paleo-Siberians (APS). In East Asia, an Ancient Northern East Asian lineage with a minor contribution from Ancient Southern East Asians (ASEA) led to the formation of the "Yellow River farmers". Yellow River farmers are associated with the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages.
The "Neo-Siberians," or "inland Northeast Asians" (including Yumin hunter-gatherers and Transbaikal_EMN ancestry), are associated with an inland expansion route of Ancient Northern East Asians around 14,000 years ago. They can be distinguished from the "Amur hunter-gatherers" (7,000–14,000 years ago), who carry Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) ancestry. The Neo-Siberians contributed mainly to Neolithic and Bronze Age populations in the Baikal region, such as the Neolithic Baikal hunter-gatherers of the Kitoi culture (5,200–4,200 BCE), Late Neolithic/Bronze Age Yakutia, and Krasnoyarsk groups of Eastern Siberia and the Altai-Sayan region. They may be linked to the early spread of Proto-Uralic speakers and, in conjunction with Ancient Paleo-Siberians, to Bronze Age Western Baikal hunter-gatherers of the Glazkovo culture (around 2,500 BCE), associated with early Yeniseian speakers.
Ancient Northeast Asians (Amur ancestry), represented by Mesolithic Amur specimens (c. 7-14kya) and subsequent samples from Mongolia, expanded after the dispersal of "Neo-Siberian" like groups, and may be associated with the spread of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic speakers.

## Paleolithic and Neolithic specimens

The ANEA lineage is represented by a late Paleolithic specimen (c. 19kya) from the Amur region (Amur19k), as well as Early Neolithic samples including the Yumin, Devil's Gate (Far East Russia, ~7.7 kya), Shandong (coastal China, ~9.5-7.5 kya) and Lake Baikal (southern Siberia, ~7.1-6.3 kya) individuals.
# Sphinx (senior society)

The Sphinx is a collegiate senior society at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Founded in 1885, it is the oldest of the fourteen official senior societies at the college.

## History

The Sphinx was founded as a senior-class society in 1885 by fourteen male students of the class of 1886.
The senior members of the Sphinx continue to select a small number of male students of the junior class during Winter Carnival Weekend in a process known as "tapping." Traditionally selecting 24 members per year, the delegation often is referred to as "twenty-fours."
The Sphinx originally published the names of its members in the annual Aegis, but the society has become more secretive in recent years. The identities of the members are now kept secret until Commencement when graduating members carry identifying canes.

## Tomb

The Sphinx Tomb, constructed in 1903 on East Wheelock Street, was designed by Manchester architect William M. Butterfield and reflects the Egyptian Revival architectural style popular during the mid-nineteenth century. In 1923, a significant addition was planned for the tomb; however, the proposed addition was never constructed. Instead, a smaller rear addition was constructed in 1926. The interior of the Sphinx was replaced after a fire started in the building's furnace destroyed it in 1929. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## Misconduct and scandals

The Sphinx attracted negative publicity in 1989 when thefts that took place during a scavenger hunt were traced back to the secret society. On April 27, 1989, 16 students took part in a scavenger hunt that resulted in the theft of numerous items across the Dartmouth campus, including paintings, photographs, mailboxes, life preservers, and signs. The school estimated the total value of missing items at nearly $12,000. The school demanded that all items be returned undamaged within 24 hours, in which case it would not investigate further. Most items were returned but as several were still missing, an investigation was launched, which revealed that the Sphinx was responsible for the scavenger hunt. Dartmouth revoked recognition of the Sphinx for one year, fined the organization $3,000 plus the cost of damages to the stolen items, and punished the members involved with probation or suspension.
In 2003, an unsuccessful illegal break-in was attempted by two unidentified males.
# Cansu Akalın

Cansu Akalın (born 1998) is a Turkish handballer, who plays as pivot for Konyaaltı Bld. SK in the Turkish Super League and the Turkey national team.

## Personal life

Cansu Akalın was born in Ankara, Turkey in 1998. She has a twin sister Selen.

## Club career

Akalın is 1.82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) tall at 73 kg (161 lb). She plays in the pivot position.

### Çankaya Bld. Anka GSK

Cansu played seven seasons in her hometown club Çankaya Anka Bld. GSK together with her twin sister Selen, who is a goalkeeper. She took part in the 2013–14 EHF Cup.

### Muratpaşa Bld. SK

For the 2016–17 Turkish Super League season, she went together with her sister to Antalya to join Muratpaşa Bld. SK. She was with Muratpaşa Bld. SK including the 2020–21 season. She played in the 2016–17 EHF Cup, 2018–19 EHF Champions League, 2018–19 EHF Cup, 2019–20 EHF Cup, and 2020–21 EHF European Cup.

### Kastamonu Bld. GSK

In the 2021–22 season, she transferred to Kastamonu Bld. GSK. She played in the 2021–22 EHF Champions League.

### Konyaaltı Bld. SK

In 2022, she signed a deal with the Antalya-based club Konyaaltı Bld. SK, played in the 2022–23 EHF European Cup, and experienced her team's champion title of the cup. She was named Golden Seven (Turkish: Altın Yedi) member of the 2022–23 Super League season by the Turkey Handball Federation.

## International career

Akalın is a member of the Turkey national team. She took part in the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship qualification matches . In 2022, she played in the national team, which became champion at the 5th Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya, Turkey.

## Honours
### Individual
#### Turkish Women's Handball Super League

    Golden Seven member (1): 2022–223 (Konyaaltı Bld. SK)

### Club
#### Turkish Women's Handball Super League
   #### Muratpaşa Bld. SK

       Champion (1): 2017–18
       Runner-up (1): 2018–19

   #### Kastamonu Bld. SK

       Champion (1): 2021–22

#### Women's EHF European Cup

       Konyaaltı Bld. S
       Champion (1): 2022–23

### International
#### Turkey women's national handball team
   #### Islamic Solidarity Games

       Champion (1): 2021.
# Eddie Garrett

Eddie Garrett (né Edward Gehrt; November 19, 1927 – May 13, 2010) was an American actor best known for his role on the NBC television series, Quincy, M.E., in which he portrayed a silver-haired photographer for the Los Angeles coroner's office in more than 100 episodes of the series.
Garrett was born as Edward Gehrt on November 19, 1927, to parents, Robert and Anna Gehrt. He was raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin He became interested in acting by doing impressions of Bing Crosby for his parents. Ultimately, Garrett learned more than 100 voices and impressions, which he would later use in a nightclub act that lasted more than 16 years.
Both of Garrett's parents died within nine months of each other when he was 13 years old. He was sent to live with aunts, first in Sacramento, California and then to Los Angeles.
His film credits included a role as a bartender in the 1977 film, Looking for Mr. Goodbar, opposite Diane Keaton and a police officer in the 1971 film, Dirty Harry, starring Clint Eastwood. On television, Garrett was best known for playing a coroner's office photographer in more than 100 episodes of Quincy, M.E. throughout the 1980s. His other television credits included roles on Medical Center, Batman (episode 39) and Ironside. Garrett also appeared on The Odd Couple, opposite Jack Klugman, a personal friend.
In 2006, Garrett published a book, I Saw Stars ... In the 40s and 50s. His book included more than one hundred photographs which he had taken of actors as a high school student.
Garrett died of a stroke at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California, on May 13, 2010, at the age of 82. He was survived by his wife, Maggie Hartshorn, whom he married in 1957, and two stepdaughters, Carla Jean Hartshorn and Susan Licursi.

## Partial filmography

* Don't Make Waves (1967) – Sheriff (uncredited)
* Speedway (1968) – Passenger in Elevator (uncredited)
* Dirty Harry (1971) – Policeman (uncredited)
* Mame (1974) – Party Guest (uncredited)
* Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough (1975) – Maitre d' at Polo Lounge
* Harry and Walter Go to New York (1976) – Restaurant Patron (uncredited)
* New York City (1977) – Reporter
* Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) – Bartender
* Meteor (1979) – Reporter (uncredited)
# Operation Bretagne

Operation Bretagne was a French Union military operation between 1 December 1952 and 4 January 1953, during the First Indochina War.
Four Mobile Groups (Groupes Mobiles, GM) and General de Berchoux's two Amphibian Sub-Groups hunted and engaged the 9th Regiment (304th Division) and the 48th Regiment (320th Division) of the Viet Minh, who were threatening the bishopric of Bui Chu, in Nam Định province. Defeated, the Việt Minh split in small groups, disguised themselves with peasant clothes and escaped to the south.
# Turners Branch

Turners Branch is a stream in Audrain County in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Turners Branch has the name of Gus Turner, an early settler.
# Shannon Branch

Shannon Branch is a stream in Audrain County in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Shannon Creek bears the name of a pioneer settler.
# Poppy seed test

In medicine, the poppy seed test is a diagnostic test used before surgery to predict if surgery will find a vesicointestinal fistula or colovesical fistula (an abnormal direct pathway between the colon and urinary bladder) or other type of vesicointestinal fistula.

## Method

The test is very simple. The patient is fed 1.25 ounces of poppy seeds with 12 ounces of fluid or 6 ounces of yogurt. The patient's urine is then collected for the next 48 hours and examined for poppy seeds. If a poppy seed is found in the urine, the patient has a colovesical or related fistula.
The test is very accurate. In a series of 49 patients who underwent surgery for colovesical fistula due to sigmoid diverticulitis, the poppy seed test gave a correct diagnosis more often than abdominopelvic computerized tomography, magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen, cystogram, retrograde colonic enema, urethrocystoscopy, and colonoscopy. In a series of 20 patients in the United States, the poppy seed test was significantly more accurate than computed tomography. In these two series, respectively, sensitivity of the test was 94.6% and 100%. Because of the physical nature of the test, specificity of the test is necessarily 100%.
The test is very inexpensive. In the United States, it has been reported to cost under 6 dollars and two orders of magnitude less than computed tomography.
The test was first described in the English medical literature in 2001, by a group of urologists in Germany. From 1994 to 1999, they gave 250 grams (8.8 oz) of poppy seeds to a series of 17 patients, then examined the patients' urine for two days. The test results were correct for all patients: 11 patients with fistulas did pass poppy seeds in their urine and 6 patients without fistulas did not pass poppy seeds.
# Maria of Portugal, Hereditary Princess of Parma

Infanta Maria of Guimarães (12 August 1538 – 9 July 1577) was a Portuguese infanta, daughter of Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães (son of King Manuel I of Portugal), and Isabel of Braganza. She married Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza on 11 November 1565. She was Hereditary Princess of Parma by marriage.

## Issue

| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
| Margherita Farnese | 7 November 1567 | 13 April 1643 | married, 1581, Vincenzo I, Duke of Mantua; no issue |
| Ranuccio Farnese | 28 March 1569 | 5 March 1622 | succeeded as Duke of Parma married, 1600, Margherita Aldobrandini; had issue |
| Odoardo Farnese | 7 December 1573 | 21 February 1626 | became a Cardinal |

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Maria of Portugal, Hereditary Princess of Parma :
# Flexible polyhedron

In geometry, a flexible polyhedron is a polyhedral surface without any boundary edges, whose shape can be continuously changed while keeping the shapes of all of its faces unchanged. The Cauchy rigidity theorem shows that in dimension 3 such a polyhedron cannot be convex (this is also true in higher dimensions).
The first examples of flexible polyhedra, now called Bricard octahedra, were discovered by Raoul Bricard (1897). They are self-intersecting surfaces isometric to an octahedron. The first example of a flexible non-self-intersecting surface in $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$, the Connelly sphere, was discovered by Robert Connelly (1977). Steffen's polyhedron is another non-self-intersecting flexible polyhedron derived from Bricard's octahedra.

## Bellows conjecture

In the late 1970s Connelly and D. Sullivan formulated the bellows conjecture stating that the volume of a flexible polyhedron is invariant under flexing. This conjecture was proved for polyhedra homeomorphic to a sphere by I. Kh. Sabitov (1995) using elimination theory, and then proved for general orientable 2-dimensional polyhedral surfaces by Robert Connelly, I. Sabitov, and Anke Walz (1997). The proof extends Piero della Francesca's formula for the volume of a tetrahedron to a formula for the volume of any polyhedron. The extended formula shows that the volume must be a root of a polynomial whose coefficients depend only on the lengths of the polyhedron's edges. Since the edge lengths cannot change as the polyhedron flexes, the volume must remain at one of the finitely many roots of the polynomial, rather than changing continuously.

## Scissor congruence

Connelly conjectured that the Dehn invariant of a flexible polyhedron is invariant under flexing. This was known as the strong bellows conjecture or (after it was proven in 2018) the strong bellows theorem. Because all configurations of a flexible polyhedron have both the same volume and the same Dehn invariant, they are scissors congruent to each other, meaning that for any two of these configurations it is possible to dissect one of them into polyhedral pieces that can be reassembled to form the other. The total mean curvature of a flexible polyhedron, defined as the sum of the products of edge lengths with exterior dihedral angles, is a function of the Dehn invariant that is also known to stay constant while a polyhedron flexes.

## Generalizations

Flexible 4-polytopes in 4-dimensional Euclidean space and 3-dimensional hyperbolic space were studied by Hellmuth Stachel (2000). In dimensions $n\geq 5$, flexible polytopes were constructed by Gaifullin (2014).
# Puccinia evadens

Puccinia evadens is a species of rust fungus that is found on Baccharis plants. According to Manual of the Rusts in United States and Canada (1934), Puccinia evadens is present throughout the Americas and the Caribbean.
# Stanislas Rigault

Stanislas Rigault (born 16 May 1999 in Angers) is a French right-wing politician and activist. He is the founder and leader of "Génération Z", the youth wing of Reconquête, the political party of Éric Zemmour, in which he is a spokesperson until March 2025.

## Life and career

Stanislas was born on 16 May 1999, he is the youngest of a family of four children. His father is an officer in the French Army and his mother is a health professional. He spent part of his childhood overseas France, where his father was stationed.
He completed his secondary education at the Prytanée national militaire, then he started a law degree at the Catholic University of Vendée.
In 2019, he co-founded L’Étudiant libre, a far-right monthly newspaper and blog aimed at young people.
Before the end of his studies, he is recruited as a chargé de mission by the Institut de formation politique [fr], where he met the future campaign managers of the journalist Éric Zemmour for the 2022 presidential election. He mets Zemmour for the first time in 2020 thanks to Sarah Knafo and became his assistant at CNews.
In February 2021, he created "Génération Z" to support the possible candidacy of Éric Zemmour to the 2022 presidential election, the organisation became later the official youth wing of Reconquête.
He presented himself in the Vaucluse's 2nd constituency during 2022 legislative election. He's eliminated in the first round, obtaining 10.54% of the votes.
During the 2024 European election, he's sixth on the Reconquête list led by Marion Maréchal he isn't elected as only the five first members of the list are elected.
In March 2025, he announced that he was leaving Reconquête and that his function as the president of "Génération Z" would be given to Hilaire Bouyé.
# Jēkabs Kazaks

Jēkabs Kazaks (18 February 1895, in Riga – 30 November 1920, in Riga) was a Latvian modernist painter.

## Biography

Kazaks was born in a relatively meager surroundings and had to struggle to finish his high school education. He studied at the Riga Art School between 1913 and 1915 (under Vilhelms Purvītis and Roberts Tillbergs) and the Penza Art School during World War I, (1915-1917). Like many Latvian modernists, his formal artistic training and the choice of his most compelling subjects derived from his experience as a refugee during World War I. Kazaks style contained elements of Impressionism, West European Old Masters, modern French painters and early 20th century Latvian Modernism. He was also profoundly inspired by the series of paintings of his fellow countryman Jazeps Grosvalds, bringing to these themes his own intimist painter's sensitivity.
He used his influences and interests to create a personal style characterised by expressiveness, simplicity, synthesis and distortion of forms. He was involved in the formation of the Expressionists' Group in 1919 and then the Riga Artists' Group as its theoretician and first chairman.
Several of his major works portray the everyday life of refugees, he also painted portraits and self-portraits. His medium was conditional colour pattern in oil and water colour which he augmented with various graphic techniques (Indian ink, drawing, linocut, woodcut). Over 40 of his oil paintings as well as around 150 of his water colours and drawings are exhibited at the Latvian State Museum of Art.

## Selected paintings

* Portrait of Julijas Sproga
* At the Table
* Bathers
* Refugees
* Ladies at the Seaside (1920)