OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward F. Moore

Edward Forrest Moore (November 23, 1925 in Baltimore, Maryland – June 14, 2003 in Madison, Wisconsin) was an American professor of mathematics and computer science, the inventor of the Moore finite state machine, and an early pioneer of artificial life.

## Biography

Moore received a B.S. in chemistry from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia in 1947 and a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island in June 1950. He worked at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1950 to 1952 and was a visiting professor at MIT and visiting lecturer at Harvard University simultaneously in 1961-1962. He worked at Bell Labs from 1952 to 1966. After that, he was a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1966 until he retired in 1985.
He married Elinor Constance Martin and they had three children.

## Scientific work

He was the first to use the type of finite-state machine (FSM) that is commonly used today, the Moore FSM. With Claude Shannon he did seminal work on computability theory and built reliable circuits using less reliable relays. He also spent a great deal of his later years on a fruitless effort to solve the Four Color Theorem.
With John Myhill, Moore proved the Garden of Eden theorem characterizing the cellular automaton rules that have patterns with no predecessor. He is also the namesake of the Moore neighborhood for cellular automata, used by Conway's Game of Life, and was the first to publish on the firing squad synchronization problem in cellular automata.
In a 1956 article in Scientific American, he proposed "Artificial Living Plants," which would be floating factories that could create copies of themselves. They could be programmed to perform some function (extracting fresh water, harvesting minerals from seawater) for an investment that would be relatively small compared to the huge returns from the exponentially growing numbers of factories.
Moore also asked which regular graphs can have their diameter matching a simple lower bound for the problem given by a regular tree with the same degree. The graphs matching this bound were named Moore graphs by Hoffman & Singleton (1960).

## Publications

With Claude Shannon, before and during his time at Bell Labs, he coauthored "Gedanken-experiments on sequential machines", "Computability by Probabilistic Machines", "Machine Aid for Switching Circuit Design", and "Reliable Circuits Using Less Reliable Relays".
At Bell Labs he authored "Variable Length Binary Encodings", "The Shortest Path Through a Maze", "A simplified universal Turing machine", and "Complete Relay Decoding Networks".
* "Machine models of self-reproduction," Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, volume 14, pages 17–33. The American Mathematical Society, 1962.
* "Artificial Living Plants," Scientific American, (Oct 1956):118-126 JSTOR 24941788
* "Gedanken-experiments on Sequential Machines," pp 129 – 153, Automata Studies, Annals of Mathematical Studies, no. 34, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1956
# Macrosternodesmidae

Macrosternodesmidae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. Some authorities deem Macrosternodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Trichopolydesmidae. Others accept Macrosternodesmidae as a valid family but disagree regarding the genera included in this family.

## Taxonomy

In 1916, the French myriapodologist Henry W. Brölemann proposed Macrosternodesmini as a tribe to include the genus Macrosternodesmus, which he had described earlier in 1908. In 1980, the American biologist Richard L. Hoffman elevated the name to family status as Macrosternodesmidae. In 2013, however, the Russian zoologist Sergei I. Golovatch deemed Macrosternodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Trichopolydesmidae. In 2017, the biologists William A. Shear and James M. Reddell rejected this proposed synonymy and retained Macrosternodesmidae as a valid family.
Authorities often consider Nearctodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Macrosternodesmidae. In 2017, Shear and Reddell placed the genera previously assigned to the family Nearctodesmidae in a new subfamily Nearctodesminae in the family Macrosternodesmidae. Others have adopted this proposed revision.

## Genera

Authorities adopting the revisions proposed by Shear and Reddell include the following genera in the following two subfamilies in this family:

### Subfamily Macrosternodesminae Brölemann, 1916

* Chaetaspis Bollman, 1887
* Nevadesmus Shear, 2009
* Ophiodesmus Cook, 1895
* Pratherodesmus Shear, 2009
* Sequoiadesmus Shear & Shelley, 2008
* Speodesmus Loomis, 1939
* Speorthus Chamberlin, 1952
* Tidesmus Chamberlin, 1943

### Subfamily Nearctodesminae Chamberlin & Hoffman, 1950

* Bistolodesmus Shelley, 1994
* Ergodesmus Chamberlin, 1949
* Kepolydesmus Chamberlin, 1910
* Leonardesmus Shelley & Shear, 2006
* Nearctodesmus Silvestri, 1910
# Kampar language

The Kampar language (Kampar: Bahaso Kampau or Bahaso Ocu) is a Malayic language spoken mainly by the Kampar people, who are descendants of the Minangkabau from West Sumatra that resides in Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia. The linguistic classification of the Kampar language remains a topic of debate, as it is sometimes regarded as a dialect of either Riau Malay or Minangkabau. The Agency for Language Development and Cultivation under Indonesia’s Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education officially categorizes Kampar as a Minangkabau dialect spoken in Riau. Similarly, the Minangkabau community considers the Kampar language to be a variant of Minangkabau due to its resemblance to the Limapuluh Kota dialect. However, this perspective is contested by the Kampar community, who assert that Kampar is a dialect of Riau Malay.
# Wayne Snyder

Wayne Snyder is an associate professor at Boston University known for his work in E-unification theory.
He was raised in Yardley, Pennsylvania, worked in his father's aircraft shop, attended the Berklee School of Music, and obtained an MA in Augustan poetry at Tufts University. He then studied computer science, and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1988. In 1987 he came to Boston University, teaching introductory computer science, and researching on automated reasoning, and, more particularly, E-unification.

## Selected publications

* Gallier, J.H. & Snyder, W. (1987). "A General Complete E-Unification Procedure". In Lescanne, Pierre (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 2nd Int. Conf., RTA-87. LNCS. Vol. 256. Springer. pp. 216–227.
* Jean H. Gallier & Wayne Snyder (1989). "Complete Sets of Transformations for General E-Unification". Theoretical Computer Science. 67 (2–3): 203–260. doi:10.1016/0304-3975(89)90004-2.
* Snyder, W. (1989). "Efficient Ground Completion: An O(n log n) Algorithm for Generating Reduced Sets of Ground Rewrite Rules Equivalent to a Set of Ground Equations E". In Nachum Dershowitz (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 3rd Int. Conf., RTA-89. LNCS. Vol. 355. Springer. pp. 419–433.
* Wayne Snyder (Jul 1990). "Higher order E-unification". Proc. 10th Conference on Automated Deduction. LNAI. Vol. 449. Springer. pp. 573–587.
* Jean H. Gallier and Paliath Narendran and David A. Plaisted and Wayne Snyder (1990). "Rigid E-Unification: NP-Completeness and Applications to Equational Matings". Inf. Comput. 87 (1/2): 129–195. doi:10.1016/0890-5401(90)90061-l.
* Snyder, W. & Lynch, C. (1991). "Goal Directed Strategies for Paramodulation". In Ronald V. Book (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 4th Int. Conf., RTA-91. LNCS. Vol. 488. Springer. pp. 150–161.
* Lynch, C. & Snyder, W. (1993). "Redundancy Criteria for Constrained Completion". In Kirchner, Claude (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 5th Int. Conf., RTA-93. LNCS. Vol. 690. Springer. pp. 2–16.
* Jean H. Gallier and Paliath Narendran and David A. Plaisted and Stan Raatz and Wayne Snyder (1993). "An Algorithm for Finding Canonical Sets of Ground Rewrite Rules in Polynomial Time" (PDF). J. ACM. 40 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1145/138027.138032. S2CID 820591.
* Franz Baader and Wayne Snyder (2001). "Unification Theory" (PDF). In Alan Robinson and Andrei Voronkov (ed.). Handbook of Automated Reasoning. MIT Press + Elsevier. pp. 439–526.
# Amit Peled

Amit Peled (born 1973) is an Israeli-American cellist, conductor, and pedagogue. He plays a ca. 1695 Grancino cello on loan from the Roux Family Foundation. From 2012-2018 he played Pablo Casals's 1733 Matteo Goffriller cello. Prior to Casals's cello, Peled played a 1689 Andrea Guarneri cello.
Amit Peled's two critically acclaimed CDs The Jewish Soul and Cellobration were released under the Centaur Records label. His third CD with Centaur Records, Reflections, was released in September 2012.
He released recordings of five of Bach's Cello Suites on the albums Bach Suites 1–3 (2018) and Solus et Una (2022) and Brahms' Cello Sonatas on To Brahms, with Love: From the Cello of Pablo Casals (2018).
At a height of 5'11”, Peled started out as a basketball player and was called "larger than life" when he enveloped his Guarneri cello and "Jacqueline du Pré in a farmer's body." Peled often surprises audiences with the ways he breaks down barriers between performers and the public, making classical music more accessible to wider audiences through explanations, jokes, and even with a basketball game challenge.
Peled was a student of Bernard Greenhouse and is now a sought-after pedagogue of cello at Peabody Institute. When he began there, he was the youngest professor at a top musical institution.
Amit Peled is Online Master Teacher at iClassical Academy with whom he has recorded several online Masterclasses.
Peled also collaborates with pianist Alon Goldstein and clarinetist Alexander Fiterstein in the Goldstein-Peled-Fiterstein Trio as well as with pianist Alon Goldstein and violinist Ilya Kaler in the Tempest Trio.
He also has been named Music Director for CityMusic Cleveland for the 2019-2020 season. His students include Frances G. Borowsky.
# Ran Libeskind-Hadas

Ran Libeskind-Hadas is the founding chair of the Department of Integrated Sciences at Claremont McKenna College. He was previously a professor of computer science at Harvey Mudd College where he served as chair of that department and associate dean of faculty. His research interests lie in the area of algorithms for computational biology.
Libeskind-Hadas graduated from Harvard University with a degree in applied mathematics in 1987. He went on to complete an M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1993. In August of that year, he was hired into the Department of Mathematics at Harvey Mudd College and, the following year, moved to the Department of Computer Science.
Libeskind-Hadas serves on the Executive Board of the Computing Research Association, the editorial board of the Communications of the ACM, and the National Science Foundation CISE Advisory Council.
# The Game of Life (1922 film)

The Game of Life is a 1922 British silent historical film directed by G. B. Samuelson and starring Isobel Elsom, Lillian Hall-Davis and Dorothy Minto. It was made at Isleworth Studios.

## Cast

* Isobel Elsom as Alice Fletcher
* Lillian Hall-Davis as Rose Wallingford
* Dorothy Minto as Betsy Rudd
* Campbell Gullan as Edward Travers
* Tom Reynolds as Jim Cobbles
* James Lindsay as Reggie Walker
* Allan Aynesworth as John
* Hubert Carter as Marcus Benjamin
* Wyndham Guise as Abel Fletcher
* Frederick Lewis as Richard Wallington
* C. Tilson-Chowne as Richard Travers
* Mickey Brantford as Nipper
* Mrs. Henry Lytton as Queen of Hearts
# Independence Savings Bank

Independence Community Bank was a bank based in Brooklyn, New York. In 2006, the bank was acquired by Santander Bank.

## History

The bank was originally chartered in 1850 as South Brooklyn Savings Bank. George A. Jarvis was one of the 26 co-founders and was vice president for 33 years. James S. T. Stranahan was also a co-founder.
In 1975, the name of the bank was changed to Independence Savings Bank. The bank acquired Long Island City Savings and Loan Association in 1992. Four years later, Independence Savings Bank acquired Bay Ridge Federal Savings Bank for $144 million in cash. In 1998, the bank converted from a mutual organization to a joint-stock company and became a public company via an initial public offering. The same year, the bank changed its name to Independence Community Bank. Independence Community Bank acquired SI Bank & Trust in 2004 and was itself acquired by Santander Bank two years later.
# Strzelecki National Park

Strzelecki National Park is a national park on Flinders Island, Tasmania (Australia), 307 km north of Hobart. The park is home to abundant wildlife including more than one hundred bird species, wombats, and potoroos. It is named after Sir Paul Edmund Strzelecki, a famous Polish explorer and geologist who made a lot of his explorations on the Australian continent and was proclaimed in 1967.

## Popular activities in the park

Strzelecki National Park contains the highest point on Flinders Island, Mount Strzelecki, after which it is named; the park contains multiple hiking trails and scenic peaks. The park also contains scenic beaches that are popular spots for swimming, snorkeling, fishing, and kayaking. Additionally, there is a diverse spread of biomes in the park ranging from Tasmanian Blue Gum Forests to coastal heatlands, and the sprawling mountains. It was the also first peak climbed in the Three Peaks Race.
# Leucanthemum × superbum

Leucanthemum × superbum, the Shasta daisy, is a commonly grown flowering herbaceous perennial plant with the classic daisy appearance of white petals (ray florets) around a yellow disc, similar to the oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Lam, but larger.
It originated as a hybrid produced in 1890 by the American horticulturist Luther Burbank from a number of daisies. First, he crossed Leucanthemum vulgare with Leucanthemum maximum; this double hybrid was itself crossed with Leucanthemum lacustre. The resulting Leucanthemum triple hybrid was crossed with Nipponanthemum nipponicum, creating an intergeneric cross of species from three continents. It was named after Mount Shasta, because its petals were the color of the snow. Some members of the genus are considered noxious weeds, but the Shasta daisy remains a favorite garden plant.
Many cultivars are suitable for cut flowers, such as 'Becky', 'Esther Read', 'Silberprinzesschen' (Silver Princess), 'Snow Lady', 'Tinkerbell', 'Wirral Pride', 'Wirral Supreme'. The cultivars 'T.E. Killin' and 'Wirral Supreme' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Hurn (surname)

Hurn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ashton Hurn, Australian politician
* Brian Hurn (1939–2015), Australian first-class cricketer
* Christopher Hurn, American writer, entrepreneur, and business executive
* David Hurn (born 1934), British documentary photographer
* James Hurn (1926–2003), English cricketer
* Raymond Hurn (1921–2007), minister and general superintendent in the Church of the Nazarene
* Reba Hurn (1881–1967), lawyer and state legislator
* Shannon Hurn (born 1987), Australian rules footballer
* Scott Hurn (born 1988), 62,394th Fittest Man 2025
# 1 Train (New York City)

Route
The 1 Train Runs From Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station
to South Ferry/Whitehall Street station.
The 1 train uses R62a type subway cars.
It runs on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Along-side the ➁ and ➂ trains, they run Along-side each-other from 96 Street to Chambers Street , where they divert in different directions.
* ↑ "1 Train (Broadway-7 Avenue Local) Line Map". MTA. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
* ↑ "Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
* ↑ "Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
# Josh Tedeku

Joshua Kwabena Banin Tedeku (born March 2003) is a British actor. He is known for his roles in Rapman's Netflix superhero series Supacell and the BBC Three coming-of-age teen comedy-drama Boarders (both 2024).

## Early life and education

Joshua Kwabena Banin Tedeku was born in March 2003 and grew up in Essex. He attended Burnt Mill Academy in Harlow. He won the regional final of the Jack Petchey Speak Out Challenge in 2019.

## Career

Tedeku first came to prominence in 2019, when he was cast for The Last Straw II. In 2021 he was in the BBC One British medical TV soap opera Doctors. He played the lead role in the 2022 science fiction television series Moonhaven produced by AMC+.
In 2023, Tedeku starred in the short film Festival of Slaps. He then played Jaheim in the BBC Three British teen drama series Boarders.
In August 2022, Tedeku was announced as a lead character in Netflix's Supacell, directed by Rapman. The series premiered on 27 June 2024.

## Personal life

Tedeku is a fan of Arsenal FC.

## Filmography
### Television and film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2019 | The Last Straw II | Josh |
| 2021 | Doctors | Todd Jarrett |
| 2022 | Moonhaven | Wish |
| 2023 | Festival of Slaps | Young Ade |
| 2023 | A Town Called Malice | Eddie Carter |
| 2024 | Boarders | Jaheim |
| 2024 | Supacell | Tazer |
# San Tau

San Tau (Chinese: 䃟頭) is a village on Lantau Island, Hong Kong.

## Administration

San Tau is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

## Conservation

San Tau Beach, a shallow sheltering beach on the west coast of Tung Chung Bay, covering an area of 2.7 hectares, was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1994.

## Access

San Tau is located along Tung O Ancient Trail.
# Rayhana bint Zayd

Rayhana bint Zayd (Arabic: ريحانة بنت زيد, romanized: Rayḥāna bint Zayd; died c. 631 CE) was a Jewish convert to Islam from the Banu Nadir. Through marriage, she was also a part of the Banu Qurayza, another local Jewish tribe. During the siege of Banu Qurayza in 627, she was widowed and taken captive by the early Muslims and subsequently became a concubine and according to some also a wife of Muhammad. Their relationship produced no children and in 631 she died while in her home city of Medina.

## Biography

The 9th century Arab historian Ibn Sa'd wrote that Rayhana went on to be manumitted and subsequently married to Muhammad upon her conversion to Islam from Judaism.
It has been a subject of much speculation and controversy if Muhammed married Rayhana, and her status as a wife have been contested. Rayhana has been referred to as one of the concubines of Muhammad, as well as a wife, and may have been a wife or a concubine. Different sides have put forward different arguments.
The 11th-century Persian religious scholar Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi agreed that she became one of Muhammad's wives and cited evidence that he had paid mahr for her. The 15th-century Egyptian religious scholar Ibn Hajar makes reference to Muhammad giving Rayhanah a home upon their marriage. Antonie Wessels of Cambridge University suggested that Muhammad married Rayhana for political reasons, particularly in light of her direct affiliation with two of the region's Jewish tribes—the Banu Nadir and the Banu Qurayza—while British-American author Lesley Hazleton felt it was evidence of Muhammad creating alliances. Conversely, Indian religious scholar Barakat Ahmad felt such rationale to support the notion of Rayhana and Muhammad's marriage was "meaningless" after both Jewish tribes were wiped out, in accordance with Talmudic law, following their betrayal of the early Muslims.
Similar to the status of the Egyptian woman Maria al-Qibtiyya—who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was gifted to Muhammad by the Egyptian governor Al-Muqawqis in 628—there is no universal consensus among Muslim scholars as to whether Rayhanah was one of Muhammad's wives. It was said that she did not convert, and hence Muhammed did not marry her but kept her as a concubine. She is mentioned alongside Maria al-Qibtiyya as a slave-concubine. Hafiz ibn Minda and Indian religious scholar Shibli Nomani, for example, believed that she returned to the Banu Nadir upon her manumission.
Abu ‘Ubaydah said about Muhammed:
   He had four [concubines]: Mariyah, who was the mother of his son Ibraaheem; Rayhaanah; another beautiful slave woman whom he acquired as a prisoner of war; and a slave woman who was given to him by Zaynab bint Jahsh."
Rayhanah died in Medina in 631, eleven days after hajj and one year before Muhammad's death. She was buried in the city's al-Baqi Cemetery, like other members of Muhammad's family, known as Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أَهْل البَيْت, lit. 'people of the house or household').
# Malicious (2018 film)

Malicious is a 2018 American horror thriller film written and directed by Michael Winnick. It stars Bojana Novakovic, Josh Stewart, Melissa Bolona, Yvette Yates, Luke Edwards, and Delroy Lindo.
The summary: A young university professor lives with his pregnant wife, they are in anticipation of their upcoming child, he inadvertently causes Kian to be released, who has many destructive and murderous intentions.

## Cast

* Bojana Novakovic as Lisa
* Josh Stewart as Adam
* Delroy Lindo as Dr. Clark
* Melissa Bolona as Becky
* Luke Edwards as James Harper
* Yvette Yates as Emily Harper
# West A. Hamilton

Col. West Alexander Hamilton (c. 1886 – 1985) was an American teacher, military officer, newspaper publisher, and civic leader. He served as a United States Army colonel, and was a veteran of World War I and World War II. He had served for 22 years on the District of Columbia School Board (now District of Columbia State Board of Education).

## Early life and education

West A. Hamilton was the son of John A. Hamilton and Julia West Hamilton, a prominent community leader.
He graduated from Dunbar High School in Washington D.C., and Miner Teachers College (now the University of the District of Columbia). He received a master's degree from American University in 1955.

## Career

In 1905, Hamilton enlisted in the United States National Guard. He served with the 10th Cavalry Regiment of Buffalo Soldiers. He served in during World War I.
He and his brother Percival Y. Hamilton established the Hamilton Printing Company in 1910 in Washington, D.C., which published the Sentinel newspaper (or Washington Sentinel). They advertised in The Crisis. He served on the District of Columbia School Board (now District of Columbia State Board of Education).
In 1928, he spoke before a congressional committee in favor of a museum and gathering place in Washington D.C. to honor the contributions of African Americans in the United States. In 1928, he wrote to W. E. B. Du Bois about Ferdinand D. Lee's efforts for the National Memorial Association to establish a museum honoring African Americans and their contributions including as soldiers for the United States.
He commanded the 366th Infantry Regiment during World War II, an all "Colored" (segregated) unit of the United States Army. On March 15, 1941, the Pittsburgh Courier reported that a “Lack of Officers Nearly Cost Race 366th Command.” The article stated "Lack of enough Negro Lieutenant Colonels to serve under him almost cost Col. West A. Hamilton command of the 366th Infantry, the Associated Negro Press learned this week. But pressure exerted on the War Department caused army officials to go through with their original plans of having an all-Negro Army staff." "Colored" men were not allowed to command whites.
In 1983, the National Guard gave him an honorary promotion to brigadier general. The Anacostia Community Museum in Washington, D.C. has a collection of his papers.
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