OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Betsom's Hill

Betsom's Hill is a hill on the North Downs. Situated between Westerham and Tatsfield, at the western edge of the county of Kent, it lies close to where the A233 crosses the Downs en route to Biggin Hill. This is the highest part of the North Downs, with Botley Hill the highest point, nearby to the west. The hill lies at the western end of the Kent Downs, an area of outstanding natural beauty.

## History

The crest of the hill was the location of a Victorian defence fort, one of twelve locations along the North Downs built to protect London in case of attack by foreign invaders crossing the channel. Known as Betsom's Hill Fort or Westerham Fort, it was part of the London Defence scheme, and was intended to act both as a mobilisation centre for volunteer troops, and as an ammunition store. The fort which consisted of ramparts, casemates and a magazine has been partially demolished and converted for use as workshops, with private houses appropriately named Fort Cottages now occupying the site.

## Geography

The highest part of the hill is unmarked, in an area inaccessible to the public, making it the only county top that is on private land and which cannot be easily visited. The lower slopes are more accessible, with the North Downs Way, a long-distance trail, passing beneath the crest, in an area known as Hill Park. Running in parallel at the foot of the scarp slope is another more ancient route, the Pilgrims Way.
The artist and craftsman John Paul Cooper selected Betsom's Hill as the location for his house, workshop and studio. He designed the house in the Arts and Crafts style to reflect the local Kentish architecture, and lived there until his death in 1933.

## Westerham Heights

Westerham Heights, the highest point of Greater London at 245 metres (804 ft), is also part of Betsom's Hill, albeit with a separate name. It is located at TQ436564, adjacent to the A233 where the county boundary intersects the dip slope of the escarpment. On the north-west side of the hill, there is another boundary feature, a tripoint where the borders of Surrey, Kent and Greater London meet at Rag Hill.

## Westerham Hill

Westerham Hill is the name given to the stretch of the A233 that ascends Betsom's Hill up to Westerham Heights. On the 20th of August 1887 it was the venue for one of the earliest cycle hill climbs, even though it was considered nearly impossible to complete owing to the steep gradient of the then un-metalled road. Twenty-four competitors took part, using a variety of machines including penny-farthings, tricycles, and the new safety bicycles, all with solid tyres. Organised by the Catford Cycling Club, only half of the starters completed the climb. A rider of a penny-farthing came seventh. The winner was automobile pioneer Selwyn Francis Edge, using a safety bike, and celebrated deaf cyclist Arthur James Wilson finished 12th. Westerham was used for another sixteen of these hill climb events, as were a number of other Kent hills. The modern hill climb event is still run nearby at Yorks Hill.
# American Institute of Hypnosis

The American Institute of Hypnosis was a scholarly society devoted to the scientific study of hypnosis, founded on 4 May 1955 by the physician and pioneering hypnotist William Joseph Bryan. The society published an academic journal, the Journal of the American Institute of Hypnosis, edited by Bryan. Bryan's work notably found use in psychological warfare during the Cold War.
# Amphicoelina diplomphala

Amphicoelina diplomphala is a species of air-breathing snail in the family Camaenidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 11 mm.
(Original description in Latin) The shell, characterized by its open umbilicus has a discoid form. It is thin, horny, and exhibits oblique striations. It is covered in rather long folds arranged in transverse series, giving it a hirsute appearance. The spire is deeply concave. The shell consists of 6.5 to 7 somewhat convex, very narrow whorls that demonstrate slow growth. The body whorl is significantly compressed laterally and shortly deflected at the aperture. The aperture is narrow and irregularly lunar in shape. The peristome is shortly expanded and slightly reflexed, with its margins connected by a very thin, arcuate callus. The outer and basal margins of the peristome are sinuous.

## Distribution

This species was found in the province Hubei, China.
# Smith Branch (Willow Fork tributary)

Smith Branch is a stream in Moniteau County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Willow Fork.
Smith Branch has the name of A. Smith, a pioneer citizen.
# Gilze-Rijen railway station

Gilze-Rijen is a railway station located in Rijen, Netherlands in the municipality Gilze en Rijen. Although the railway station is located in Rijen, it's called Gilze-Rijen because of the Gilze-Rijen Air Base, just south of Rijen. The station was opened on 5 October 1863 and is located on the Breda–Eindhoven railway between Breda and Tilburg. The station is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

## Train service

The following services currently call at Gilze-Rijen:
* 2x per hour local services (sprinter) 's-Hertogenbosch - Tilburg - Breda

## Bus services

Bus Services 130, 131, 230 and 231 stop outside the station.
130 goes from the town hall in Rijen to the immigration detention centre in Gilze; 131 goes from Breda to Tilburg via Gilze and Rijen.
# Khalid Hussain Magsi

Khalid Hussain Magsi (Urdu: خالد حسین مگسی; born 2 February 1960) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024. Previously he was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to September 2014, from May 2016 to May 2018 and from August 2018 till August 2023.

## Early life

He was born on 2 February 1960.

## Political career

He was elected District nazim of Jhal Magsi in 2005.
He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-267 (Kachhi-cum-Jhal Magsi) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 42,240 votes and defeated an independent candidate, Abdul Raheem Rind.
In September 2014, Balochistan Election Tribunal declared the election as null and void and ordered re-election in the constituency. He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency NA-267 (Kachhi-cum-Jhal Magsi) in the by-elections held in April 2016. He received 29,630 votes and defeated Yar Muhammad Rind, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
In April 2018, he quit PML-N and joined the newly created Balochistan Awami Party (BAP).
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of BAP from Constituency NA-260 (Nasirabad-cum-Kachhi-cum-Jhal Magsi) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Methoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine

Methoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) may refer to:
* 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA or MMDA-1; 5-methoxy-MDA)
* 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-2; 6-methoxy-MDA)
* 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-3a; 2-methoxy-MDA)
* 4-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-3b; 4-methoxy-ORTHO-MDA)
* 5-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-4; 5-methoxy-ORTHO-MDA)
* 6-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA-5; 6-methoxy-ORTHO-MDA)
# Gholam Hossein Tabrizi

Gholam Hossein Tabrizi (Persian: غلامحسین تبریزی; born 1924 in Vayqan, died 1980 in Mashhad) was an Iranian Shia cleric. He is survived by his two sons, Mohammad-Mehdi Abdekhodaei and Mohammad-Hadi Abdekhodaei.

## Early life and career

Tabrizi was born Sheikh Gholam Hossein Tork in 1881 and grew up in a religious family in the city of Vayqan in Shabestar County. He later received his higher education in Mashhad, Tabriz. Other contemporary figures like Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani and Ahmad Kasravi were also studying at this time. Following his studies, Tabrizi began training at the Najaf Seminary to become a Shia cleric. For many years he led Friday evening prayers at the seminary, gave interpretations of the Quran at his house, and taught jurisprudence. He also helped Seyed Javad Khamenei with the establishment of another seminary.

## Fada'iyan-e Islam

The Mashhad branch of Fada'iyan-e Islam was headed by Tabrizi. He and other administrators and teachers led Quran interpretation sessions on Friday afternoons. The group also led provincial forums and sent letters and telegrams in support of Ruhollah Khomeini.

## Death

Tabrizi died in 1980 at the age of 97. He is buried at the Imam Reza shrine, along with Seyyed Abdulkarim Hasheminejad.

## Professors

* Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani
* Mohammed Kazem Yazdi
* Mohammad Hossein Qa'ravi Esfahani
* Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani
* Mirza Abolhassan Angaji
# Hisham Inamullah Khan

Hisham Inamullah Khan is a Pakistani politician who is the incumbent member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 10 February 2024. He has been former Provincial Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for Health, in office from 29 August 2018 to July 2021. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from August 2018 to January 2023.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency PK-92 (Lakki Marwat-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
On 29 August 2018, he was inducted into the provincial Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cabinet of Chief Minister Mahmood Khan and was appointed as Provincial Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for Health.
On 20 May 2023, he left the PTI due to the 2023 Pakistani protests.
# Mohammed al-Jassem

Mohammed al-Jassem (Arabic: محمد الجاسم, born in 1987, Jousa, Hama Governorate), also known by his nom de guerre Abu Amsha (Arabic: أبو عمشة) is a Syrian Army general commanding the 25th Division. He had previously served as the leader of the Sultan Suleiman Shah Division, a faction within the Turkish-supported group known as the Syrian National Army.
Abu Amsha gained prominence during the Syrian civil war after joining several opposition military groups. He also became well-known in March 2025, after participating in the 2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites, in which he participated as the commander of the Hama division within the newly re-formed Syrian Army under the command of Murhaf Abu Qasra.

## Military career

Before the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, al-Jassem worked as a tractor and harvester driver in the Syrian countryside. With the onset of the conflict in 2011, he joined an armed opposition group known as "Khat Al-Nar" (Fire Line), which later merged with the "Martyrs of Hiyalin Battalion". On 19 November 2012, he co-founded the "Fire Line Brigade" in northern Hama Governorate.
He joined the Syrian Revolutionaries Front (SRF) in 2013. Following clashes between it and Jabhat al-Nusra, (which resulted in the dissolution of the SRF), al-Jassem relocated to northern Aleppo Governorate and joined the Levant Front. Later, he became a unit commander in the Sultan Murad Division during Operation Olive Branch in Afrin in 2018 where his unit became infamous for committing atrocities against the local Kurds. Afterward, he established the Sultan Suleiman Shah Division, which became part of the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army.
After the fall of the Assad regime, military opposition factions began to merge within the Syrian Army under the Ministry of Defense of the new administration. Al-Jassem was subsequently promoted to the rank of brigadier general and was appointed commander of the 25th Division.

## Controversies and allegations

Al-Jassem has frequently been criticized for his public appearances with armored vehicles and armed escorts. He has been accused of various human rights violations, including looting, extortion, and abuses against local populations in areas under his control. On 16 February 2022, he was removed from his leadership position by a tribunal of Syrian opposition factions investigating these allegations.
Al-Jassem has also been accused of involvement in economic activities, including managing car dealerships under his faction’s control. In August 2023, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned him and his faction, stating that they engaged in extortion, forced displacement, and property confiscation, particularly targeting Kurdish residents of Afrin.
Al-Jassem had also been accused of smuggling fighters and mercenaries from Syria to other countries.
# Brad Singleton

Bradley Singleton (born 29 October 1992) is an Ireland international rugby league footballer who plays as a prop and loose forward for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League.
He has previously played for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League and spent time on loan from Leeds at the Dewsbury Rams, Hunslet Hawks and Featherstone Rovers in the Championship, and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League. Singleton has also played for the Toronto Wolfpack in the top tier.

## Background

Singleton was born in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England.
Singleton is a Barrow Island product and a former pupil of Alfred Barrow School.

## Club career
### Leeds Rhinos

Singleton made his début in 2011's Super League XVI, coming off the bench in a 46–12 win over Salford. He spent time on loan at Dewsbury Rams in 2012 and Wakefield Trinity in 2013, before being sent to Hunslet on dual registration.
In 2011, Singleton broke into Leeds' first team and in 2015 was awarded the number 16 shirt and was part of Leeds' treble winning team.
In 2015 Singleton played in the Challenge Cup final victory over Hull KR at Wembley Stadium and the Grand Final victory over the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford.
He played in the 2017 Super League Grand Final victory over the Castleford Tigers at Old Trafford.

### Toronto Wolfpack

At the end of the 2019 Super League season, Singleton signed a three-year deal with newly-promoted Toronto Wolfpack.

### Wigan Warriors

On 17 September 2020, Singleton signed ahead of the season's transfer deadline for Wigan Warriors, and played in his third Grand Final, a 4–8 loss against St Helens.
In round 17 of the 2021 Super League season, Singleton was sent off for fighting in Wigan's 50–6 victory over Leigh. In round 18 of the 2022 Super League season, Singleton was sent off in Wigan's 20–18 loss against St Helens at Magic Weekend for a dangerous high tackle.

### Salford Red Devils

On 26 July 2023, Singleton signed for Salford as part of a swap deal with Tyler Dupree effective immediately.

### Castleford Tigers

On 19 March 2025, Single signed for Castleford Tigers until the end of the 2026 season, with Salford receiving an undisclosed fee.

## International career

Singleton has honours at Under 15s and 16s level; representing England. He also captained England Academy against the French Schoolboys in a three test series.
Singleton was named in Ireland's 2017 World Cup squad.
England Knights 2013 vs Samoa.

## Honours
### Club

* Super League (2): 2015, 2017
* League Leaders' Shield (2): 2015,2020
* Challenge Cup (2): 2015,2022
# Jordan Creek (Sinking Creek tributary)

Jordan Creek is a stream in southeastern Dade County, Missouri. It is a tributary of Sinking Creek.
The stream source is at and its confluence with Sinking Creek is at . The short stream starts just east of Missouri Route M south of Everton flows west and then northwest past Missouri Route K to its confluence with Sinking Creek west of Everton.
Jordan Creek was named after the Jordan River in southwest Asia.
# Norway women's national beach handball team

The Norway women's national beach handball team is the national team of Norway. It is governed by the Norwegian Handball Federation and it represents Norway in international beach handball competitions.

## Results

Norway was the bronze medal team at the 2007 European Beach Handball Championship, where Linn Jørum Sulland finished as top scorer and Ingrid Ødegård was named Best Goalkeeper.
In 2009 they played in the final of the European tournament, but lost to Italy after an even shootout and a golden goal in front of a home audience in Larvik. Line player Ane Brustuen was awarded Best Player of the women's tournament.
They received their first gold medal in 2010, at the 2010 World Championship in Antalya, Turkey. Ane Brustuen was named MVP of the tournament.
They made bronze at the 2012, 2014 and 2016 world championships.

### World Championships

| Year | Position |
| 2008 | 6th place |
| 2010 | 1st place |
| 2012 | 3rd place |
| 2014 | 3rd place |
| 2016 | 3rd place |
| 2018 | 2nd place |
| 2022 | 11th place |
| 2024 | 11th place |
| Total | 8/10 |

### World Games

| Year | Position |
| 2013 | 3rd place |
| 2017 | 4th place |
| 2022 | 2nd place |
| Total | 3/6 |

## Controversy

In 2021, the team was fined €1500 for being improperly dressed after the women wore bike shorts instead of bikini bottoms at a European championship match in Bulgaria. Critics derided the fine and the underlying rule. Norway's minister for culture and sport Abid Raja described the fine as being "completely ridiculous". Former tennis champion Billie Jean King supported the team tweeting "The sexualisation of women athletes must stop". Although the Norwegian Handball Federation announced they would pay the fines, pop singer Pink offered to pay for them. Later, in November 2021, the International Handball Federation changed their dress rules to allow female players to wear some kinds of shorts, specifying "Female athletes must wear short tight pants with a close fit".
# The Once

The Once is a folk trio based in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The group features Geraldine Hollett on lead vocals and vocalist-instrumentalists Phil Churchill and Andrew Dale playing a variety of instruments. The group performs a mix of original and traditional material and is noted for their three part harmonies, which are sometimes performed a cappella.
The Once's name comes from an old Newfoundland expression which means "as soon as possible", "right away", "directly" or "in a short while".

## History

The members of The Once met while taking part in a summer repertory theatre company in Trinity, Newfoundland. In August 2009, they released an eponymous album on Borealis Records. In 2014, the group went on Passenger's Whispers Tour through the US, Canada, Europe and Australia. The group also supported Passenger on his 2016 album, Young as the Morning Old as the Sea, and his 2018 album, Runaway.

## Awards

* 2009 Atlantis Music Prize (nominated for The Once)
* 2010 Canadian Folk Music Awards (won Traditional Album of the Year for The Once and New/Emerging Artist of the Year)
* 2011 East Coast Music Award (nominated for Group Recording of the Year for The Once)
* 2012 Juno Nomination Row Upon Row
* 2015 Juno Nomination Departures

## Discography

* 2009 - The Once
* 2011 - Row Upon Row of the People They Know
* 2012 - This Is a Christmas Album
* 2014 - Departures
* 2016 - We Win Some We Lose (EP)
* 2018 - Time Enough
* 2022 - Acoustic Vol. 1ce
* 2024 - Out Here
# Outrigger

An outrigger is a projecting structure on a boat, with specific meaning depending on types of vessel. Outriggers may also refer to legs on a wheeled vehicle that are folded out when it needs stabilization, for example on a crane that lifts heavy loads.

## Powered vessels and sailboats

An outrigger describes any contraposing float rigging beyond the side (gunwale) of a boat to improve the vessel's stability. If a single outrigger is used it is usually but not always windward. The technology was originally developed by the Austronesian people. There are two main types of boats with outriggers: double outriggers (prevalent in maritime Southeast Asia) and single outriggers (prevalent in Madagascar, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia). Multihull ships are also derived from outrigger boats.
In an outrigger canoe and in sailboats such as the proa, an outrigger is a thin, long, solid, hull used to stabilise an inherently unstable main hull. The outrigger is positioned rigidly and parallel to the main hull so that the main hull is less likely to capsize. If only one outrigger is used on a vessel, its weight reduces the tendency to capsize in one direction and its buoyancy reduces the tendency in the other direction.
On a keelboat, "outrigger" refers to a variety of structures by which the running rigging (such as a sheet) may be attached outboard (outside the lateral limits) of the boat's hull. The Racing Rules of Sailing generally prohibit such outriggers, though they are explicitly permitted on specific classes, such as the IMOCA Open 60 used in several major offshore races.

## Fishing

In fishing from vessels, an outrigger is a pole or series of poles that allow boats to trawl more lines in the water without tangling and simulates a school of fish.

## Rowing

In a rowing boat or galley, an outrigger (or rigger) is a triangular frame that holds the rowlock (into which the oar is slotted) away from the saxboard (or gunwale in gig rowing) to optimize leverage. Wooden outriggers appear on the new trireme around the 7th or 6th centuries BC and later on Italian galleys around AD 1300, while Harry Clasper (1812–1870), a British professional rower, popularised the use of the modern tubular-metal version and the top rowing events accepted the physiological and ergonomic advantages so acceded to its use in competitions. In recent decades, some manufacturers of racing shells have developed wing-riggers which are reinforced arcs or flattened tubular projections akin to aircraft wings, instead of conventional triangular structures.
# Edipim

Edipim was a television production company located in Abrunheira, Sintra. It was an independent production company that produced the most varied types of television formats.
The company was founded on October 1, 1978, but it already existed before, as António Sala's debut as a television presenter took place in 1972 with the program "Música Maestro", which was Edipim's first production.
The company's two main creators were Thilo Krasmann and Vitor Mamede, who would also be the main producers of its television productions. The two formed PIM (Produtores Independentes de Música, Independent Music Producers) because of the recordings they made together. When they made the company official, they were unable to use the intended name, so they decided to use the name Edipim.
It was Edipim that created the first Portuguese soap opera, Vila Faia, opening the studios in Abrunheira, Sintra. The invitation came after the production of the program Eu Show Nico in 1980 where there was a fictional telenovela called Moita Carrasco. From playing they went on to a serious telenovela where Nicolau Breyner and the accomplished Nuno Teixeira continued.
Its second production was the series 'Gente Fina é Outra Coisa' and then the second Portuguese telenovela, Origens. In 1987, it produced the programs Eu Show Nico and Lá Em Casa Tudo Bem.
Other programs such as Joaquim Letria Outras Músicas, Humor de Perdição, 1000 Imagens, Top Mais, Parabéns and Herman Enciclopédia followed, aired by RTP. Thilo Krassman sold its 51% share to Radiotelevisão Comercial, RTP's commercial arm.
After the opening of television to the private sector, the company produced the programs Bom Baião and Um Sarilho Chamado Marina for SIC, and Quem Tudo Quer for TVI. Other programs produced for RTP in the late 90s were Há Horas Felizes, Não És Homem Não És Nada and A Última Noite.
In the sound studio, with capacity for recording jingles and bands, records were produced such as the album 'Cheio' by UHF and 'Acústico' by Júlio Pereira.
In 2001, RTP, which had purchased the rest of Edipim in 2000, combined Edipim with the production company FO&CO (which already belonged to the RTP group). In December 2002, it was decided that RTP would merge its two production companies in line with its corporate restructuring. In 2004, Edipim closed its doors, as it was dissolved, together with FO&CO, to make way for RTP - Means of Production.

## Reflist

* ↑ O que somos
* 1 2 Nº36 - ONDA POP
* ↑ Antes pobrezinho em Lisboa do que rico em Estocolmo
* ↑ Produtoras da RTP dão lugar a estrutura mais ligeira