# China Railway CR450AF

The CR450AF Fuxing (Chinese: 复兴号; pinyin: Fùxīng Hào) is a prototype Chinese electric high-speed train manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. As part of the China Standardized EMU family, the CR450AF has an operating speed of 400 km/h (250 mph) and a maximum design speed of 450km/h. Once in service, it will be one of two trains that have the highest operating speed in the world, with the other being CR450BF.

## Development
### 2020

Drafted between 26 and 29 October on the fifth plenum of the 19th Central Committee of the CCP, the project was announced as part of China's 14th five-year plan, known as "Research and development plans for speedier bullet train".

### 2023

On June 28, test runs were conducted on the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway using two trainsets: CR400AF-J-0002, a comprehensive inspection train (CIT) containing a CR450AF intermediate car, and CR400BF-J-0001, a comprehensive inspection train containing a CR450BF intermediate car. During these tests, a speed of 453 km/h (281 mph) was reached, and a relative speed of 891 km/h (554 mph) was reached, setting a new world record for the relative speed between two conventionally wheeled trains.
On June 29, test runs through the Haiwei tunnel were conducted. During these tests, a speed of 420 km/h (260 mph) was reached, and a relative passing speed of 840 km/h (520 mph) was recorded.

### 2024

On December 29, after 3 years of the development, CRRC held a press conference at the China Academy of Railway Sciences (CARS) site in Northeast Beijing, China, where it officially announced the two prototypes of CR450 family: the CR450AF-0201 and CR450BF-0501.

### 2025

The CR450AF is expected to be delivered to China Railway in 2025, enter regular service thereafter on existing high-speed lines which limits the operating speed to 350km/h due to line limitations.

### Future

In 2027 it will be deployed on the 292km long Second Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway which is expected to be finished by then, where it can reach its designed highest operating speed 400km/h and shorten the travel time between the two cities to less than 50 minutes.

## Design

According to CRRC, compared to the CR400AF, the CR450AF:
* Is 10% lighter
* Has 22% lower drag
* Consumes 20% less energy
* Retains the same 6,500 m (21,300 ft) stopping distance from 450 km/h (280 mph) as the CR400AF from 350 km/h (220 mph)

### Frame

A standard CR450AF has 8 carriages, made of lightweight materials like aluminum, carbon fiber and glass fiber. Four of the cars (cars 2/4/5/7) are power-cars and the other four (cars 1/3/6/8) are trailer-cars.
Each middle car has two pairs of doors at the end of the carriage, except the dining car, which only has one pair. The two lead cars on both of its ends also have two pair of doors fitted but one of them serves as the exclusive access to the driver's cab.
Two sets of pantographs are installed on unpowered trailer car 3 and 6 for collecting current from the overhead catenaries.
The height of the carriages are reduced on the CR450AF compared to its predecessors, which reduced drags by reducing the body cross section area.

### Electrical systems

According to CRRC, the CR450AF has a higher traction force by using permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which enables at least 3% higher energy conversion efficiency.
The train uses pantograph to gain 25kV 50Hz AC from the overhead catenary, which is the only type of energy source used on the China Railway network all across China.
It also has a storage battery system which can provide the train with a 110V DC power source.

### Mechanical systems

The CR450AF prototype has redesigned integrated bogies, which according to CRRC, are 20% lighter than previous generations of traditional externally mounted ones seen on other Chinese high-speed EMUs. Unlike other production models, they are hidden under the side skirt of the frame with a enclosure design for better aerodynamic performance and therefore reduce drag for a better energy efficiency, similar to those seen on the Japanese Shinkansen, or the end-car of German ICE 4.

### Interior

There are four classes of seating on board the CR450AF: Second Class, First Class, Premium First class and Business Class. Second Class has 482 seats in a 2-3 layout, similar to other Chinese EMUs and carriages.
First Class has 28 seats in a 2-2 layout. Compared with second class, the seats are made of leather and offer improved comfort with more width and legroom.
Premium first class has 24 seats in a 2-2 layout, and debuted in 2023 on previous CR400 trainsets. Compared with first class, it offers greater legroom and features a footrest.
The business class cabin has undergone various redesigns, consisting of three different types of seating configurations: a 6-seat classic business class setup, a business suite that accommodates six individuals, and a multi-purpose suite that offers more privacy.

## Variants
### CR450AF (Prototype)

The first trainset to be built, the CR450AF-0201, was first rolled out on November 26, 2024. It is designed for testing and qualification purposes.
Coach sequence of CR450AF-0201 :
| No | Model | Type | UIC number | Class | Capacity | Length |
| 1 | ZYS | Trailer car | ZYS01xxxx | Business/Premium First | 30 | 28550mm |
| 2 | ZES | Power car | ZES02xxxx | Second | 85 | 25650mm |
| 3 | ZE | Trailer car (with pantograph) | ZE03xxxx | Second | 90 | 25650mm |
| 4 | ZE | Power car | ZE04xxxx | Second | 80 | 25650mm |
| 5 | ZEC | Power car | ZEC05xxxx | Second/Dining car | 63 | 25650mm |
| 6 | ZE | Trailer car (with pantograph) | ZE06xxxx | Second | 90 | 25650mm |
| 7 | ZES | Power car | ZES07xxxx | Second | 80 | 25650mm |
| 8 | ZYS | Trailer car | ZYS08xxxx | Business/First | 34 | 28550mm |