OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Defense College of the United Arab Emirates

The National Defense College of the United Arab Emirates, or NDC, is a national security and strategy institution in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, providing strategic training for Emirati senior military officers and mostly civilian officials. It was officially opened in December 2013 by Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the current president of the UAE, and the Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces. The college employs a rigorous assessment process and employs several notable faculty members from various countries in North America, Asia, and Africa, including faculty from the UAE.
# Cahaba shiner

The Cahaba shiner (Paranotropis cahabae) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish beloinging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it is limited to the Cahaba River. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This fish was first described in 1989. It is similar to its close relative, the mimic shiner (P. volucellus). The Cahaba Shiner is about 2.5 inches long (6.35 centimeters). It is silver in color with a dark lateral stripe and a peach-colored lateral stripe above.
This fish has been collected from about 76 miles of the Cahaba River, but as of the early 1990s its range had been reduced to about 60 miles of the river. Most individuals of the species are located in a 15-mile stretch of the waterway. It may have once occurred in the Coosa River, but if so, it has been extirpated from there. The reduction in range has been caused by the degradation of water quality in the river system, the result of urbanization and sedimentation.
# Charles A. Hoxie

Charles A. Hoxie (26 February 1867–13 October 1941) was an American electrical engineer who created the pallophotophone at General Electric. During his career (1912–1932) at General Electric, he devised a sound-on-film process to put recordings on film and so is credited as one of the inventors of sound film.
# Mo Yecong

Mo Yecong (born 26 June 2000) is a Chinese tennis player.
Mo has a career high ATP singles ranking of 545 achieved on 10 June 2024. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 914 achieved on 25 September 2023.
Mo made his ATP main draw debut at the 2023 Zhuhai Championships after receiving wildcards into the singles and doubles main draws. He also made an appearance at the 2024 Chengdu Open with a wildcard into the doubles main draw, where he recorded his first ATP-level win.
# Donnie Beechler

Donnie Beechler (born May 18, 1961) is an American former driver in the Indy Racing League. He was born in Springfield, Illinois.
Beechler raced in the 1998–2001 seasons with 36 career starts, including 4 Indianapolis 500 showings. His best career finish was 3rd, achieved twice, at the 2000 IRL Phoenix 200 won by Buddy Lazier at Phoenix International Raceway and the 2001 300-mile race won by Eddie Cheever, Jr. at Kansas Speedway.
Beechler won the 9th Annual Chili Bowl Nationals in 1995.
Since leaving IndyCars he has returned to the USAC Silver Crown Series on a part-time basis. Also was an avid roller skater competing in several Illinois State Speed Meets.

## Racing record
### American Open Wheel

(key)

#### IndyCar results

| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | Rank | Points |
| 1998 | Cahill Auto Racing | WDW | PHX | INDY 32 | TXS 27 | NHM 20 | DOV | CLT 19 | PPIR 10 | ATL 22 | TX2 19 | LVS 23 | | | 28th | 71 |
| 1999 | Cahill Racing | WDW 26 | PHX 11 | CLT C$^1$ | INDY 29 | TXS 17 | PPIR 22 | ATL 8 | DOV 10 | PPI2 20 | LVS 18 | TX2 11 | | | 21st | 130 |
| 2000 | Cahill Racing | WDW 6 | PHX 3 | LVS 26 | INDY 12 | TXS 22 | PPIR 5 | ATL 5 | KTY 10 | TX2 6 | | | | | 6th | 202 |
| 2001 | A. J. Foyt Enterprises | PHX | HMS | ATL | INDY 25 | TXS 6 | PPI 16 | RIR 7 | KAN 3 | NSH 10 | KTY 5 | STL 14 | CHI 5 | TX2 | 15th | 204 |
| 2002 | A. J. Foyt Enterprises | HMS DNS | | | | INDY DNQ | | | | | | | | | NC | - |
    $^1$ The 1999 VisionAire 500K at Charlotte was cancelled after 79 laps due to spectator fatalities.

#### Indy 500 results

| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish | Team |
| 1998 | G-Force | Oldsmobile | 24th | 32nd | Cahill |
| 1999 | Dallara | Oldsmobile | 19th | 29th | Cahill |
| 2000 | Dallara | Oldsmobile | 15th | 12th | Cahill |
| 2001 | Dallara | Oldsmobile | 27th | 25th | Foyt |
| 2002 | Dallara | Chevrolet | Failed to Qualify | Failed to Qualify | Foyt |
# 2nd Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba

The 2nd Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) was elected in 1980 by the 1st Plenary Session of the 2nd Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 2nd Party Congress.

## Members

| Rank | Name | 1st POL | 3rd POL | Birth | Death | Gender |
| 1 | Fidel Castro Ruz | Old | Reelected | 1926 | 2016 | Male |
| 2 | Raúl Castro Ruz | Old | Reelected | 1931 | — | Male |
| 3 | Juan Almeida Bosque | Old | Reelected | 1927 | 2009 | Male |
| 4 | Ramiro Valdés Menéndez | Old | Not | 1932 | — | Male |
| 5 | Guillermo García Frías | Old | Not | 1928 | — | Male |
| 6 | José Ramón Machado Ventura | Old | Reelected | 1930 | — | Male |
| 7 | Blas Roca Calderío | Old | Not | 1908 | 1987 | Male |
| 8 | Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez | Old | Reelected | 1913 | 1997 | Male |
| 9 | Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado | Old | Died | 1919 | 1983 | Male |
| 10 | Pedro Miret Prieto | Old | Reelected | 1927 | 2016 | Male |
| 11 | Sergio del Valle Jiménez | Old | Not | 1927 | 2007 | Male |
| 12 | Armando Hart Dávalos | Old | Reelected | 1930 | 2017 | Male |
| 13 | Arnaldo Milián Castro | Old | Died | 1913 | 1983 | Male |
| 14 | Jorge Risquet Valdés-Saldaña | New | Reelected | 1930 | 2015 | Male |
| 15 | Julio Camacho Aguilera | New | Reelected | 1924 | — | Male |
| 16 | Osmany Cienfuegos Gorriarán | New | Reelected | 1931 | — | Male |
| References: |||||||

## Alternate members

| Rank | Name | 1st POL | 3rd POL | Birth | Death | Gender |
| 1 | Abelardo Colomé Ibarra | New | Member | 1939 | — | Male |
| 2 | Senén Casas Regueiro | New | Alt. | 1934 | 1996 | Male |
| 3 | Sixto Batista Santana | New | Not | 1927 | 2009 | Male |
| 4 | Antonio Pérez Herrero | New | Not | 19? | ? | Male |
| 5 | Humberto Pérez González | New | Not | 1937 | — | Male |
| 6 | Jesús Montané Oropesa | New | Not | 1923 | 1999 | Male |
| 7 | Miguel Cano Blanco | New | Not | 19? | — | Male |
| 8 | Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois | New | Member | 1930 | 2007 | Female |
| 9 | Roberto Veiga Menéndez | New | Member | 1936 | — | Male |
| 10 | José Ramírez Cruz | New | Alt. | 1922 | 2014 | Male |
| 11 | Armando Acosta Cordero | New | Not | 1920 | 2009 | Male |
| References: |||||||
# Nunes (footballer, born 1954)

João Batista Nunes de Oliveira (born May 20, 1954 in Cedro de São João, SE), known as Nunes, is a former Brazilian football striker.
He became a football player in 1969, at 14 years old, playing for Flamengo's youth team. Reject by the club in 1974, at 19, he left Rio de Janeiro towards Aracaju (SE) to start his professional career at Confiança. His good performances granted him the 1976 Sergipe State Championship and a transference to Santa Cruz FC in the same year. There he won twice the Pernambuco State Championship (1976, 1978).
In 1977, he had his first cap for Brazil and became a regular in the National Team. Due to an injury, he was not selected to play the 1978 FIFA World Cup which made him miserable. Just after the World Cup, recovered from the injury, he returned to Rio de Janeiro to sign with Fluminense but he stayed there only for a few months before signing with Mexico's CF Monterrey.
Finally, in 1980, he transferred back to Flamengo to take part in a sensational team and make history as one of the most important forwards in the club's history. Once there he won two Brazilian National Championships (1980, 1982), the 1981 Libertadores Cup and the 1981 Intercontinental Cup.
In 1983 we went on a one-year-loan to Botafogo and in the following year he transferred from Flamengo to Náutico, where he won another Pernambuco State Championship (1985). He would briefly return to Flamengo once again in 1987 and, although not a regular starter, he was a member of the squad that won the Brazilian league again that year.
Nunes also played for Portugal's Boavista, Santos FC, Atlético Mineiro, Volta Redonda FC and El Salvador's Tiburones.
Nunes retired in 1993 after winning his 4th Pernambuco State Championship - the 3rd one playing for Santa Cruz.
# Ada Thompson Memorial Home

The Ada Thompson Memorial Home was a home for indigent elderly women at 2021 South Main Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. Founded in 1882 by prominent local citizens, it served in that capacity until 1976. The surviving building, a two-story brick building with Beaux Arts, Colonial Revival, and Georgian Revival features, was built in 1900 to a design by Frank Gibb and Theodore Sanders. The home was named in honor of Ada Thompson Crutchfield, who gave a major bequest to the organization in honor of her parents.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
# Gail Rebuck

Gail Ruth Rebuck, Baroness Rebuck DBE (born 10 February 1952) is a British publisher and Chair of Penguin Random House UK. She has served as a Labour member of the House of Lords since 2014.

## Early life and education

Rebuck's Latvian-born Jewish grandfather, and her own father, were both in the London rag trade. Her mother was a Dutch Jew.
At the age of four she was sent to the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle, London, where she learned to read and write in French before she did in English. She graduated with a degree in intellectual history from Sussex University in 1974.

## Career

Rebuck worked for several independent publishers and ran a paperback imprint for Hamlyn, before putting her own funds into a new imprint, Century. After a merger with Hutchinson in 1985, Century Hutchinson was taken over by Random House UK in 1989. Rebuck was appointed chair and chief executive of Random House UK in 1991.
Rebuck was fifth in a 2006 Observer list of the top people in the British books industry, and at ninth place in a 2011 Guardian version of the list. In February 2013, she was assessed as the tenth most powerful woman in the UK by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2013.
In February 2015, Rebuck succeeded Sir Neil Cossons as pro-provost and chair of council (the governing body) at the Royal College of Art (RCA); she joined the RCA council in 1999.

## Personal life

She was married to Philip Gould, until his death in November 2011. They had two daughters: Georgia Gould, who currently serves as the MP for Queen's Park and Maida Vale (UK Parliament constituency), and Grace Gould.

## Honours

Rebuck was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2000 New Year Honours, and promoted to Dame Commander of the same Order (DBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours.
In 2014, it was announced that Rebuck was to become a Labour peer in the House of Lords, following in the footsteps of her late husband. She was created a life peer on 18 September 2014, taking the title Baroness Rebuck, of Bloomsbury in the London Borough of Camden.
# Leon Kossoff

Leon Kossoff (10 December 1926 – 4 July 2019) was a British figurative painter known for portraits, life drawings and cityscapes of London, England.

## Early years and education

Kossoff was born in Islington, London, and spent most of his early life living there with his Russian Jewish parents. In 1938, he attended the Hackney Downs School in London. In 1939, he was evacuated with the school to King's Lynn, Norfolk, where he lived with Mr and Mrs R.C. Bishop, who encouraged his interest in art. During this time, Kossoff made his first paintings. When he returned to London in 1943, Kossoff went to Saint Martin's School of Art, and studied commercial art. He also attended life drawing classes in the evenings at Toynbee Hall.
He spent three years in military service with the Royal Fusiliers, attached to the 2nd Battalion Jewish Brigade, and served in Italy, Holland, Belgium and Germany. After his military service, he returned to the Saint Martin's School of Art in 1949, and at Borough Polytechnic, took special classes under David Bomberg from 1950 to 1952. He was also influenced by another one of his teacher's students, Frank Auerbach. Both young artists dealt with similar emotions and subject matter in their work, and employed heavy impasto in their paintings. Kossoff chose his subject matter mostly from the area of London where he was born. From 1950 to 1953, Kossoff's studio was located at Mornington Crescent; he then moved to Bethnal Green, where he lived until 1961. Kossoff studied at the Royal College of Art from 1953 to 1956.

## Career

In 1956, Kossoff joined Helen Lessore's Beaux Arts Gallery, located on Bruton Place in London. In 1959, Kossoff began to teach at the Regent Street Polytechnic, the Chelsea School of Art, and the Saint Martin's School of Art, all in London. While teaching, he continued his artistic career, and soon started featuring in galleries and shows, along with his friend Frank Auerbach and other artists such as Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud and Keith Critchlow, a school friend from Saint Martin's. During this time, Kossoff moved his studio to Willesden Junction, and in 1966, moved his studio to Willesden Green.
In 1995, Kossoff exhibited his artworks at the 46th Venice Biennale and in 1996 was the subject of a Tate Gallery retrospective. In 2007, London's National Gallery held an exhibition of Kossoff's work entitled "Leon Kossoff: Drawing from Painting". Kossoff declined appointment as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 2010, Kossoff exhibited a travelling show of new paintings and drawings, beginning at Annely Juda Fine Art, London, then travelling to Mitchell-Innes & Nash, New York, and ending at L.A. Louver, Los Angeles. In 2013–14, Kossoff's urban landscapes were shown in a travelling international exhibition, titled "Leon Kossoff: London Landscapes". Kossoff died at the age of 92 on 4 July 2019 from complications of a stroke. In 2023, Hastings Contemporary, organised a two-person exhibition with the work of Chaim Soutine and Leon Kossoff. In 2024, Kossoff's work was the subject of an exhibition entitled 'Close Encounters: Paintings and Drawings' at Xavier Hufkens.
# Phytophthora medicaginis

Phytophthora medicaginis is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes root rot in alfalfa and chickpea. It is a major disease of these plants and is found wherever they are grown. P. medicaginis causes failure of stand establishment because of seedling death. Phytophthora medicaginis is part of a species complex with Phytophthora megasperma.

## Hosts and symptoms

P. medicaginis is a water mould pathogen that causes root rot and damping off of seedlings. P. medicaginis is specific to alfalfa and chickpea and can reside in soil or water, but since it is a water mold, it requires free water to infect another plant. This disease is most prevalent in newly seeded fields that experience flooding but can also be found in mature plants.

## Disease cycle

The disease cycle “starts” in the early spring as the oospores begin to germinate. Oospores are thick walled survival structures that allow the pathogen to survive winter. The oospores are then stimulated to germinate in the presence of free water and root exudates. Germination produces zoospores and sporangia which can then release more zoospores that infect other seeds. This is the asexual part of the cycle. This production of sporangia and zoospores happens until the end of the season when oogonia and antheridia engage in homothallic sexual reproduction to produce oospores once again. Spore types are disseminated via water such as during flooding. A cool environment also favors disease transmission.

## Management

An integrated disease management program incorporating host resistance with disciplined cultural, chemical, and biological methods is the best way to control P. medicaginis. The first several weeks are especially critical in the management of P. medicaginis as infected seeds die in a short amount of time. Control of alfalfa and chickpea is mostly possible using effective water management, use of resistant cultivars, proper crop rotation, and seed application of fungicides such as metalaxyl. Effective water management is aimed at keeping the plants as dry as possible while still getting them enough water. Several ways to do this include assuring good drainage, avoiding excessive irrigation, and allowing plants to be dried by the wind. Oospores can be spread by way of cultural practices on machinery, boots, and hooves. This spread can be limited by using proper sanitation before moving from an infected field to a disease free field. All of these control methods are aimed at stopping the initial infection of the seed/plant; water management also functions to limit the spread of zoospores because they may be spread by floods. Stopping the initial infection is important because this disease affects plants early on in their development as it quickly causes root rot and damping off. P. medicaginis can reside in fields as oospores for up to 3.5 years so the crop rotation must be at least 3 years long.
# Huygen's Disclosure

Huygen's Disclosure is a video game from Microforum International.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Computer Games Magazine | 1.5/5 |
| GameSpot | 2.9/10 |
| PC Player | 2/5 |
| Quad-City Times | 4/4 |
Computer Games Magazine said "In the end, Huygen’s Disclosure tries to fit in, but ends up being an outcast wallflower at its own pity party"
GameSpot said "In conclusion, Huygen attempts to combine the action of "Crusader: No Remorse" with a storyline inspired by LucasArts' "The Dig." Unfortunately, a frustrating interface and amateurish visuals make Huygen's Disclosure a chore to play - much less finish"
# Jan Kubičík

Jan Kubičík (born 19 January 1996) is a Czech snowboarder. He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Greg Bellisari

Greg Ernest Bellisari (born June 21, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.
Oldest brother Greg was a linebacker and Captain at Ohio State while his younger brother Steve Bellisari was a quarterback at Ohio State.
Greg graduated from the Ohio State University College of Medicine in 2005 and now practices as an orthopedic surgeon.
# My Secret

My Secret (Chinese: 我的秘密) is the second studio album by Hong Kong singer-songwriter G.E.M., released on October 28, 2010, by Hummingbird Music. The album spawned the single of the same name.

## Accolades

At the 2011 Chinese Music Awards, My Secret was awarded Outstanding Album and Outstanding Performance by a Female Singer. It also won Most Popular Album at the Metro Mandarin Power Awards, where G.E.M additionally won the Mandarin Female Singer award.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Hong Kong Albums (HKRMA) | 1 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for My Secret :
| Region | Date | Edition(s) | Format(s) | Label |
| Hong Kong | October 28, 2010 | Standard edition | CDdigital downloadstreaming | Hummingbird Music |
| Hong Kong | November 1, 2010 | Limited edition | CD | Hummingbird Music |
| China | December 30, 2010 | Standard edition | CD | Hummingbird Music |
# John Smith & Son

John Smith & Son is a British academic bookseller based in Ringwood, Hampshire, England.
Founded in 1751, it is the oldest bookselling company in the English-speaking world. It was based for many years at 57–61 St. Vincent Street in Glasgow, Scotland, which was also its principal retail outlet. A circulating library (established by Smith as Glasgow's first circulating library and Scotland's second overall) ultimately evolved into the academic bookselling arm of the business. From 1751 its chairmen have been three Smiths, three Knoxes and Robert Clow (1934–2022), who became the first chairman in 2000 of the continuing John Smith Group.
The St. Vincent Street shop, along with the general retail part of the business, closed in 2000. However, as part of the JS Group it continues to trade as an academic bookseller, with campus outlets including Glasgow University, Strathclyde University, and the University of London as well as overseas.
# Pala

Pala may refer to:

## Places
### Chad

* Pala, Chad, the capital of the region of Mayo-Kebbi Ouest

### Estonia

* Pala, Kose Parish, village in Kose Parish, Harju County
* Pala, Kuusalu Parish, village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County
* Pala, Järva County, village in Türi Parish, Järva County
* Pala, Jõgeva County, village in Peipsiääre Parish, Jõgeva County
* Pala Parish, former rural municipality in Jõgeva County

### India

* Pala, Kerala, a town in the state of Kerala
* Pala (State Assembly constituency)
* Pala dynasty (disambiguation), several historical ruling groups
* Pala Empire, an imperial power originating in Bengal during the Late Classical period
* Pala Lake, English name for Palak Dil, a large lake in the state of Mizoram, Northeast India

### Turkey

* Palā or Pala: a Bronze Age country in northern Anatolia,
** where the extinct Palaic language (or Palaumnili), a part of the Indo-European language family, was spoken.

### United States

* Pala, California, a small community in the Pala Indian Reservation within San Diego County
* Pala Casino Resort and Spa, a casino located in Pala, California

### Fiction

* Pala, a fictional island in Aldous Huxley's Island (Huxley novel)
* Pala, a fictional town in Far Cry 2, a video game

## Other

* Pala (album), a 2011 album by Friendly Fires
* Pala (folk art), a folk-theatre form native to Odisha, India
* Pala (surname), a list of people with the name
* Pala, a short kind of Turkish sword or kilij
* Pala Empire, an empire and dynasty on the Indian subcontinent, 750–1161
* Pala Hamburger, a Chinese fast-food chain
* Labor and Agrarian Party (Partido Laborista Agrario), Panama
* Pennsylvania Library Association
* Poetics and Linguistics Association
* Presidential Active Lifestyle Award, part of the American President's Challenge
# Adam Ivy House

Adam Ivy House is a historic home located near Van Wyck, Lancaster County, South Carolina. It was built about 1849–1850, and is a two-story, vernacular Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It has a full-width, one-story front porch. Additions and renovations took place around 1920. Also on the property are two contributing outbuildings; large and small barns located near the house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Cuban pastry

Cuban pastries (known in Spanish as pasteles or pastelitos) are baked puff pastry–type pastries filled with sweet or savory fillings.
Traditional fillings include cream cheese quesitos, guava (pastelito de guayaba) and cheese, pineapple, and coconut. The sweet fillings are made with sweetened fruit pulps. The cream cheese filling is also a slightly sweetened version of cream cheese, that resembles the flavor and texture of a cheesecake. The savory fillings are usually beef, but sometimes chicken or ham and cheese are used. The beef fillings consist of a seasoned but not spicy meat, made in a tomato-based sauce. It is typical to include raisins and green olives as part of the meat filling. It is also typical for a sweet glaze to be applied to the top of even savory fillings.
The pastries are typically consumed at any time as a snack. In Miami, one can find many "window cafeterias" with customers having a pastelito with coffee throughout the day.
They can be found at many Hispanic cafeterias and have also been introduced into the American retail market by Goya Foods. The pastries are also available in wholesale for the foodservice industry by several companies, including Hispanic wholesale frozen bakery manufacturer Latin Flavors.