OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berber cuisine

The Berber cuisine (Arabic: المطبخ البربري), though lacking a singular and standardized culinary framework, encompasses a diverse range of traditional dishes and influenced by the numerous flavours from distinct regions across North Africa. There is no consistent Berber cuisine, and it has been exposed to various influences. Berbers' meal choices were shaped by local availability of foods and personal finances. Berbers follow the same dietary laws and hygiene requirements as other Muslims. Ken Albala noted that "Describing meals as typically Berber is impossible–at best, they are samples of what is eaten in different regions by Berber families".
Berber cuisine differs from one area to another within North Africa and West Africa (Mauritania). For this reason, every dish has a distinct and unique identity and taste according to the specific region it originates from in North Africa, with some dishes estimated to be more than a thousand years old. Zayanes of the region of Khénifra around the Middle Atlas have a cuisine of a remarkable simplicity. It is based primarily on corn, barley, ewe's milk, goat cheese, butter, honey, meat, and game.
# Dadar Assembly constituency

Dadar Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha, in India. It was a segment of Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency. Dadar seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was merged into Mahim seat in 2008.

## Members of Vidhan Sabha

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1962 | Pralhad Keshav Atre | Independent |
| 1967 | Vaman Matkar | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Vaman Matkar | Indian National Congress |
| 1978 | Hemchandra Gupte | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Sharayu Thakur | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1985 | Sharayu Thakur | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Manohar Joshi | Shiv Sena |
| 1995 | Manohar Joshi | Shiv Sena |
| 1999 | Vishakha Raut | Shiv Sena |
| 2004 | Sada Sarvankar | Shiv Sena |
| 2008 onwards: Constituency merged into Mahim ||||

## Election results
### 1962 Vidhan Sabha elections

* Pralhad Keshav Atre (Independent): 22,469 votes
* Trimbak Ramchandra Narawane (INC): 21,843 votes

### 1985 Vidhan Sabha elections

* Sharayu G. Thakoor (INC): 18,134 votes
* Sudhir Joshi (IND / Shiv Sena): 14,872 votes

### 1995 Vidhan Sabha elections

* Manohar Gajanan Joshi (SHS): 58,901 votes
* Sharayu Govind Thakur (INC): 20,482 votes
# Akıncılar

Akıncılar is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Akıncılar District. Its population is 2,441 (2022). The mayor is Hasan Şen (AKP).
# Neil McKendrick

Neil McKendrick MA FRHistS (born 28 July 1935) was the 40th Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is now a life fellow of the college.
McKendrick was educated at Alderman Newton's School, Leicester, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he won an Entrance Scholarship. He is an Emeritus Reader in History having taught Modern English Social and Economic History as well as Business, Literature and Society, 1690–1990. He is also a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. During his time at the college he was successively Lecturer in History, Director of Studies in History, Graduate Tutor and Master.
McKendrick was Chairman of the college committee which presided over the plans for the Cockerell Building, now the College Library, the Auditorium, and the public rooms in Gonville Court, directed by neo-classical architect John Simpson. More recently, he was even more deeply involved in their completion and their formal openings by the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales – and in the refurbishment of the Master's Lodge, also John Simpson's work.
Also under the Mastership of Neil McKendrick the College embarked on a fundraising appeal to support the construction of a new accommodation building, the Stephen Hawking Building, on the college's West Road site.
He featured in Pseuds Corner of the Private Eye:
   There were, of course, some serious setbacks. The year 2000 saw Russia draw ahead of Caius in the number of prizes it has won.
McKendrick is the namesake of the Neil McKendrick Lectureship in History at Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge, currently held by Dr Melissa Calaresu.

## Offices held

Academic offices :
| Preceded byPeter Gray | Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 1996–2006 | Succeeded bySir Christopher Hum |

## Publications

* McKendrick, N., 1982. 'The Commercialization of Fashion' in The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England edited by Neil McKendrick, John Brewer and J.H. Plumb. London: Europa Publications Limited
* McKendrick, N., 1970. "Josiah Wedgwood and Cost Accounting in the Industrial Revolution". The Economic History Review. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 45–67. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1970.tb01013.x
* McKendrick, N., 1964. "Josiah Wedgwood and Thomas Bentley: An Inventor-Entrepreneur Partnership in the Industrial Revolution". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (Fifth Series). Vol. 14,pp. 1–33. doi:10.2307/3678942
* McKendrick, N., 1961. "Josiah Wedgwood and Factory Discipline". The Historical Journal. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 30–55.
* McKendrick, N., 1957. "Josiah Wedgwood and George Stubbs". History Today. Vol. 7, Issue 8.
# Belgium women's national handball team

The Belgium women's national handball team is the national team of Belgium. It is governed by the Royal Belgian Handball Federation and takes part in international handball competitions. As of 2024, it never participated in major international tournaments.
# Nyzhnii Verbizh rural hromada

Nyzhnii Verbizh rural hromada (Ukrainian: Нижньовербізька сільська громада) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kolomyia Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Nyzhnii Verbizh.

## Settlements

The hromada consists of 6 villages:
* Velykyi Kliuchiv
* Verkhnii Verbizh
* Kovalivka
* Myshyn
* Nyzhnii Verbizh
* Spas
# 1910 Army Cadets football team

The 1910 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1910 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Harry Nelly, the Cadets compiled a 6–2 record, shut out five of their eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 96 to 12, an average of 12.0 points scored and 1.5 points allowed. The Cadets' two losses came against 1910 national champion Harvard by a 6 to 0 score and to the Navy Midshipmen by a 3 to 0 score in the annual Army–Navy Game.
Army's center Archibald Vincent Arnold was selected by sports writer, Wilton S. Farnsworth, of the New York Evening Journal as a first-team player on the All-America team. Arnold was also selected by The New York Times as a second-team All-American.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 8 | Tufts | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 24–0 |
| October 15 | Yale | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 9–3 |
| October 22 | Lehigh | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 28–0 |
| October 29 | Harvard | The PlainWest Point, NY | L 0–6 |
| November 5 | Springfield Training School | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 5–0 |
| November 12 | Villanova | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 13–0 |
| November 19 | Trinity (CT) | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 17–0 |
| November 26 | vs. Navy | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA (Army–Navy Game) | L 0–3 |
# Dietmar I (archbishop of Salzburg)

Dietmar I or Thietmar I, commonly spelled Theotmar, was the archbishop of Salzburg from 873 to 907.

## Life

Dietmar was a chaplain at the court of King Louis the German. At the time of his appointment to Salzburg, he was a priest of that church. His predecessor, Adalwin, died on 26 August and King Louis moved immediately to Bavaria to arrange the succession, according to the Annals of Salzburg. Dietmar was ordained bishop on 13 September 873 in Regensburg. In early 874, he consecrated a church in Ptuj for the Slavic ruler Chozil.
At the request of King Carloman of Bavaria, he received the pallium from Pope John VIII in November 877. Dietmar was the archchaplain of three successive kings: Carloman (recorded 28 June 877 – 11 August 879), Arnulf (27 November 887 – 2 July 899) and Louis the Child (7 February 900 – 19 March 907). In 899, Arnulf appointed Wiching, formerly bishop in Moravia, to the vacant diocese of Passau. Theotmar objected to the appointment as contrary to canon law and removed Wiching.
Theotmar died fighting against the Hungarians at the battle of Brezalauspurc on 4 July 907. He was buried in Salzburg Cathedral on 21 July.

## Letter

Sometime between receiving news of the accession of King Louis the Child on 8 December 899 and the death of Pope John IX in 900, Dietmar wrote a letter to the pope complaining that the latter had sent an archbishop, John, and two bishops, Benedict and Daniel, to Moravia, which was properly under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Passau. The letter is evidence that the papacy still recognized the archbishopric of Moravia.
Dietmar had a low opinion of the Moravian Slavs, describing them as clinging to pagan customs like swearing oaths on dogs. He claims they shaved their heads in alliance with the pagan Hungarians. He compares Mojmir II's pagan ancestry unfavourable with Louis the Child's Christian ancestry. He notes that because the Bavarians could not secure a peace treaty with the Moravians, they were unable to come to Italy's aid when it was invaded by the Hungarians. As a result, he is unable to send his dues to the pope.
The original of Dietmar's letter does not survive, but there are several copies. As the earliest copy is found in a manuscript alongside the Lorcher forgeries of Pilgrim of Passau, the authenticity of the letter has been disputed. Fritz Lošek, its most recent editor, accepts it as genuine. Since it asserts the authority of Salzburg over Passau, it is completely at odds with Pilgrim's forgeries. An English translation has been published.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Fischer 1916, p. 32.
* ↑ Goldberg 2006, p. 318.
* ↑ Goldberg 2006, p. 319n.
* 1 2 Fischer 1916, p. 33.
* ↑ Wood 2001, p. 179.
* ↑ Airlie 2001, p. 89.
* ↑ Bowlus 1994, p. 258.
* 1 2 Bowlus 1998, pp. 1–2.
* ↑ Betti 2013, p. 52.
* ↑ Airlie 2001, p. 94.
* ↑ Wood 2001, p. 180.
* ↑ Bowlus 1994, pp. 337–339.
# Alvania ismar

Alvania ismar is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

The species occurred at the Strait of Sicily in the Pleistocene at depths of 649 meters.

## Description

The species had a height of 2.87 mm and a width of 1.7 mm. The species had a medium sized, ovate-conical shell, with a spiral sculpture on the whole teleoconch. strong axial ribs doesn't reach the base and the inner side of the outer lip is without denticles, protoconch is paucispiral.
# Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility

The Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility is a 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m$^2$) ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection plant built in Westchester County, New York, to disinfect water for the New York City water supply system. The compound is the largest ultraviolet germicidal irradiation plant in the world.
The UV facility treats water delivered by two of the city's aqueduct systems, the Catskill Aqueduct and the Delaware Aqueduct, via the Kensico Reservoir. (The city's third supply system, the New Croton Aqueduct, has a separate treatment plant.)
The plant has 56 energy-efficient UV reactors, and cost the city $1.6 billion. Mayor Michael Bloomberg created research groups between 2004-2006 to decide the best and most cost-effective ways to modernize the city's water filtration process, as a secondary stage following the existing chlorination and fluoridation facilities. The UV technology effectively controls microorganisms such as giardia and cryptosporidium which are resistant to chlorine treatment. The city staff determined that the cheapest alternatives to a UV system would cost over $3 billion. In response to this finding, Bloomberg decided to set up a public competitive contract auction. Ontario based Trojan Technologies won the contract.
The facility treats 2.2 billion U.S. gallons (8.3 billion liters) of water per day. The new facility was originally set to be in operation by the end of 2012. The facility opened on October 8, 2013.
# Point of View (West)

Point of View is a 2006 landmark public sculpture in bronze by James A. West which sits in a parklet named for the work of art, Point of View Park, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States. The piece depicts George Washington and the Seneca leader Guyasuta, with their weapons down, in a face-to-face meeting in October 1770, when the two men met while Washington was in the area examining land for future settlement along the Ohio River.

## History and notable features

The work weighs 750 lbs. and cost $130,000 for materials with charitable donations of land, pedestal and artist time.
Point of View sits on the edge of Mount Washington (Grandview Avenue at Sweetbriar Street) on the westernmost end of Grand View Scenic Byway Park and the Grand View Scenic Byway, a designated Pennsylvania scenic byway.
The sculpture was dedicated on October 25, 2006, by mayor Luke Ravenstahl.
# Brazil men's national beach handball team

The Brazil national beach handball team is the national team of Brazil. It is governed by the Confederação Brasileira de Handebol and takes part in international beach handball competitions.

## Results
### World Championships

| Year | Position |
| 2004 | 9th place |
| 2006 | 1st place |
| 2008 | 2nd place |
| 2010 | 1st place |
| 2012 | 1st place |
| 2014 | 1st place |
| 2016 | 2nd place |
| 2018 | 1st place |
| 2022 | 3rd place |
| 2024 | 6th place |
| Total | 10/10 |

### World Games

| Year | Position |
| 2001* | 3rd place |
| 2005* | 8th place |
| 2009* | 1st place |
| 2013 | 1st place |
| 2017 | 1st place |
| 2022 | 3rd place |
| Total | 6/6 |
    * invitational sport

### World Beach Games

| Year | Position |
| 2019 | 1st place |
| Total | 1/1 |
# Brazil women's national junior handball team

The Brazil women's junior national handball team is the national under-19 handball team of Brazil. Controlled by the Brazil Handball Federation that is an affiliate of the International Handball Federation IHF and also a part of the South and Central America Handball Confederation SCAHC. The team represents the country in international matches.

## Results
### Junior World Championship

Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
| Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD |
| 1977 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1979 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1981 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1983 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1985 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1987 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1989 | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify | Didn't Qualify |
| 1991 | | 15th place | | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | 13th place | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | 13th place | | | | | | | |
| 1997 | | 12th place | | | | | | | |
| 1999 | | 12th place | | | | | | | |
| 2001 | | 13th place | | | | | | | |
| 2003 | | 15th place | | | | | | | |
| 2005 | | 9th place | | | | | | | |
| 2008 | | 9th place | | | | | | | |
| 2010 | | 12th place | | | | | | | |
| 2012 | | 12th place | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 15th place | | | | | | | |
| 2016 | | 11th place | | | | | | | |
| 2018 | | 11th place | | | | | | | |
| 2022 | | 22nd place | | | | | | | |
| 2024 | | 19th place | | | | | | | |
| Total | 16/23 | 0 Titles | | | | | | | |

### South and Central American Championship

| Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD |
| 2022 | round robin | 2nd place | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 109 | 81 | +28 |
| 2023 | final | 2nd place | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 161 | 106 | +55 |
| Total | 2/2 | 0 Titles | 9 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 270 | 187 | +83 |
# Longifolene

Longifolene is a common sesquiterpene. It is an oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated. It is a tricyclic chiral molecule. The enantiomer commonly found in pines and other higher plants exhibits a positive optical rotation of +42.73°. The other enantiomer (optical rotation −42.73°) is found in small amounts in certain fungi and liverworts.

## Occurrence

Terpentine obtained from Pinus longifolia (obsolete name for Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) contains as much as 20% of longifolene.
Longifolene is also one of two most abundant aroma constituents of lapsang souchong tea, because the tea is smoked over pinewood fires.

## Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of longifolene begins with farnesyl diphosphate (1) (also called farnesyl pyrophosphate) by means of a cationic polycyclization cascade. Loss of the pyrophosphate group and cyclization by the distal alkene gives intermediate 3, which by means of a 1,3-hydride shift gives intermediate 4. After two additional cyclizations, intermediate 6 produces longifolene by a 1,2-alkyl migration.

## Synthesis and related chemistry

The laboratory characterization and synthesis of longifolene has long attracted attention.
* Longifolene total synthesis by Corey.svg
* Longifolene total synthesis by Corey.svg
It reacts with borane to give the derivative dilongifolylborane, which is a chiral hydroborating agent.
# List of North American countries by GDP (PPP)

* United States (80.1%)
* Mexico (9.2%)
* Canada (7%)
* Other (3.70%)
This is a list of North American nations ranked by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Countries are sorted by their 2023 GDP (PPP) estimates based on data from the World Economic Outlook, which is biannually by the International Monetary Fund.

## List

| CIS Rank | World Rank | Country | 2023 GDP (PPP) millions of International dollars |
| — | — | North America | 34,301,279 |
| 1 | 2 | United States | 27,357,825 |
| 2 | 12 | Mexico | 3,275,799 |
| 3 | 16 | Canada | 2,386,460 |
| 4 | 64 | Dominican Republic | 271,903 |
| 5 | 74 | Guatemala | 201,211 |
| 6 | 77 | Panama | 192,444 |
| 7 | 87 | Costa Rica | 142,845 |
| 8 | - | Cuba | 103,130 |
| 9 | 104 | El Salvador | 75,984 |
| 10 | 105 | Honduras | 75,378 |
| 11 | 120 | Nicaragua | 51,784 |
| 12 | 128 | Trinidad and Tobago | 44,528 |
| 13 | 135 | Haiti | 38,762 |
| 14 | 138 | Jamaica | 35,719 |
| 15 | 150 | The Bahamas | 18,125 |
| 16 | 167 | Aruba | 5,657 |
| 17 | 168 | Barbados | 5,639 |
| 18 | 171 | Belize | 4,915 |
| 19 | 173 | Saint Lucia | 3,441 |
| 20 | 176 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2,604 |
| 21 | 177 | Grenada | 2,346 |
| 22 | 178 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1,978 |
| 23 | 180 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1,734 |
| 24 | 182 | Dominica | 1,068 |
# Elijah Brown

Elijah Brown is a Canadian dancer and a performer. He is known for his work with Celine Dion, Franco Dragone, Marie Chouinard, and Louise Lecavalier. In 2007 he wrote a song with Claude Mego Lemay, the musical director of Celine Dion, that was chosen out of 100,000 entries to be performed at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

## Career

He is best known for his performance alongside Celine Dion as the lead character in the top grossing entertainment show A New Day... created by director Franco Dragone. Elijah also premiered in an hour long solo titled "Des Feux Dans la Nuit" at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Austria. This solo was created specifically for him by the famous choreographer Marie Chouinard. Elijah has also been touring Europe and Canada with A Few Minutes of Lock, a duet between him and dancer Louise Lecavalier. The work was created by choreographer Edouard Lock and music by Iggy Pop. Elijah graduated Valedictorian from Ryerson Theatre School after studying in the Theatre and Dance programs. He went on to do productions with the Canadian Opera Company, West Side Story and was seen in many of Michael Downing's early films. He was Wally's neighbor in The Kids in the Hall movie Brain Candy before touring internationally with Company Marie Chouinard. Elijah is currently working with director Francois Girard and is involved in the Cirque du Soleil show Zarkana
# List of Pakistani hip-hop musicians

This is a list of notable Pakistani hip hop musicians. This list includes artists who have been important to the genre.
* Bohemia
* Imran Khan
* Young Stunners
* Ali Gul Pir
* Lodhi (rapper)
* Adil Omar
* Zack Knight
* Talha Anjum
* Talha Yunus
* Faris Shafi
* Taimour Baig
* Umer Anjum
* Ahsan Mughal
* Nabeel Akbar
* Shareh Akhtar
* JJ47
# Manikandan

Manikandan(Boys) (born 1983) is an Indian actor who appears in Tamil language films. He has acted in films including Boys (2003) and Kicha Vayasu 16 (2005). He had a career resurgence with Maharaja (2024).

## Career

Manikandan, a visual communications graduate who had featured in Kala's dance troupe doing stage shows, was selected by Shankar to feature in his coming-of-age film Boys after impressing in auditions. He shot for the film throughout 2002 alongside fellow debutants Siddharth, Genelia D'Souza, Bharath, Nakul and Thaman. The story centerd on six youngsters, conveying a message about the importance of good education and career over distractions, such as romance and sex, and marked a move away from Shankar's usual brand of vigilante films, gaining much publicity prior to release. The film opened to mixed reviews but became successful at the box office, with reviewers noting the ensemble cast as "excellent". In the following years, while the other five debut actors have been successful, Manikandan has struggled to receive acclaim and feature in high-profile films.
Notably, director Shankar revealed that Manikandan was edged by Bharath to star in Balaji Sakthivel's Kaadhal (2004), which had won Bharath significant acclaim. Manikandan subsequently received offers to feature as the lead actor in Kadhal FM (2005) and then alongside Simran in Kicha Vayasu 16, but both films were low key releases and fared poorly at the box office. He missed opportunities to act in Thenmerku Paruvakaatru (2010) and Soodhu Kavvum (2013), which catapulted Vijay Sethupathi to stardom. He has since starred in several low-budget films, including Gurusamy and Kaadhal 2014.
Manikandan made his acting comeback in 2023 with Adhik Ravichandran's directorial films Bagheera and Mark Antony. In 2024, he received high praise from film critics for his portrayal of Dhana, one of the villains, in the revenge film Maharaja.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2003 | Boys | Kumar |
| 2005 | Kadhal FM | Manikandan |
| 2005 | Kicha Vayasu 16 | Kicha |
| 2006 | Yuga | Rishi |
| 2010 | Bayam Ariyaan | Pazham |
| 2010 | Moscowin Kavery | Moscow's friend |
| 2011 | Gurusamy | Subramani |
| 2014 | Kaadhal 2014 | Kumar |
| 2023 | Bagheera | Police Officer |
| 2023 | Mark Antony | Kumar |
| 2024 | Maharaja | Dhana |