# List of countries by income inequality

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like the Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included.
The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1 or 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income). Meanwhile, an index of 1 or 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income, and everyone else has no income).
Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).
Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country.

## List of EU countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

| Member state | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient |
| Member state | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Austria | 27.4 | 27.6 | 27.0 | 27.6 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 27.9 | 26.8 | 27.5 | 27.0 | 26.7 | 27.8 | 28.1 |
| Belgium | 26.3 | 26.5 | 25.9 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 26.3 | 26.1 | 25.7 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 24.2 |
| Bulgaria | 35.0 | 33.6 | 35.4 | 35.4 | 37.0 | 37.7 | 40.2 | 39.6 | 40.8 | 40.0 | 39.7 | 38.4 | 37.2 |
| Croatia | 31.2 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 29.8 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 29.2 | 28.3 | 29.2 | 28.5 | 29.7 |
| Cyprus | 29.2 | 31.0 | 32.4 | 34.8 | 33.6 | 32.1 | 30.8 | 29.1 | 31.1 | 29.3 | 29.4 | 29.4 | 29.6 |
| Czech Republic | 25.2 | 24.9 | 24.6 | 25.1 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.2 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 24.4 |
| Denmark | 26.6 | 26.5 | 26.8 | 27.7 | 27.4 | 27.7 | 27.6 | 27.8 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 27.0 | 27.7 | 28.2 |
| Estonia | 31.9 | 32.5 | 32.9 | 35.6 | 34.8 | 32.7 | 31.6 | 30.6 | 30.5 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 31.9 | 31.8 |
| Finland | 25.8 | 25.9 | 25.4 | 25.6 | 25.2 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 26.5 | 25.7 | 26.6 | 26.6 |
| France | 30.8 | 30.5 | 30.1 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.3 | 28.8 | 28.5 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.3 | 29.8 | 29.7 |
| Germany | 29.0 | 28.3 | 29.7 | 30.7 | 30.1 | 29.5 | 29.1 | 31.1 | 29.7 | 30.5 | 31.2 | 29.0 | 29.4 |
| Greece | 33.5 | 34.3 | 34.4 | 34.5 | 34.2 | 34.3 | 33.4 | 32.3 | 31.0 | 31.4 | 32.4 | 31.4 | 31.8 |
| Hungary | 26.9 | 27.2 | 28.3 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 28.7 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 27.6 | 27.4 | 29.0 |
| Ireland | 29.8 | 30.4 | 30.7 | 31.1 | 29.7 | 29.6 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 26.6 | 26.9 | 27.4 |
| Italy | 32.5 | 32.4 | 32.8 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 33.1 | 32.7 | 33.4 | 32.8 | 32.5 | 32.9 | 32.7 | 31.5 |
| Latvia | 35.1 | 35.7 | 35.2 | 35.5 | 35.4 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 35.6 | 35.2 | 34.5 | 35.7 | 34.3 | 34.0 |
| Lithuania | 33.0 | 32.0 | 34.6 | 35.0 | 37.9 | 37.0 | 37.6 | 36.9 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 35.4 | 36.2 | 35.7 |
| Luxembourg | 27.2 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 28.7 | 28.5 | 29.6 | 29.2 | 31.3 | 32.3 | 31.2 | 29.6 | 29.1 | 30.6 |
| Malta | 27.2 | 27.1 | 28.0 | 27.7 | 28.1 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 28.7 | 28.0 | 30.3 | 31.2 | 31.1 | 33.0 |
| Netherlands | 25.8 | 25.4 | 25.1 | 26.2 | 26.7 | 26.9 | 27.1 | 27.4 | 26.8 | 28.2 | 26.4 | 26.3 | 26.4 |
| Poland | 31.1 | 30.9 | 30.7 | 30.8 | 30.6 | 29.8 | 29.2 | 27.8 | 28.5 | 27.2 | 26.8 | 26.3 | 27.0 |
| Portugal | 34.2 | 34.5 | 34.2 | 34.5 | 34.0 | 33.9 | 33.5 | 32.1 | 31.9 | 31.2 | 33.0 | 32.0 | 33.7 |
| Romania | 33.5 | 34.0 | 34.6 | 35.0 | 37.4 | 34.7 | 33.1 | 35.1 | 34.8 | 33.8 | 34.3 | 32.0 | 31.0 |
| Slovakia | 25.7 | 25.3 | 24.2 | 26.1 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 23.2 | 20.9 | 22.8 | 20.9 | 21.8 | 21.2 | 21.6 |
| Slovenia | 23.8 | 23.7 | 24.4 | 25.0 | 24.5 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 23.4 | 23.9 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 23.1 | 23.4 |
| Spain | 34.0 | 34.2 | 33.7 | 34.7 | 34.6 | 34.5 | 34.1 | 33.2 | 33.0 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 32.0 | 31.5 |
| Sweden | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.9 | 26.7 | 27.6 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 27.6 | 26.9 | 26.8 | 27.6 | 29.5 |
| European Union | 30.5 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.9 | 30.8 | 30.6 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.2 | 30.0 | 30.2 | 29.6 | 29.6 |
| Eurozone | 30.6 | 30.5 | 30.7 | 31.0 | 30.7 | 30.7 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.5 | — | — |
| Serbia | — | — | 38.0 | 38.3 | 40.0 | 39.8 | 37.8 | 35.6 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.2 | — |
| Montenegro | — | — | 38.5 | 36.5 | 36.5 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 34.7 | 34.1 | 32.9 | 32.5 | 31.5 | — |
| Notes: Pink-colored cells indicate a break in the time series. Green-colored cells indicate estimated values. ↑ Serbia is a negotiating candidate for the EU. ↑ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate for the EU. ||||||||||||||

## List of OECD countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

| Country | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient | Gini coefficient |
| Country | Before taxes and transfers | After taxes and transfers | Year |
| Australia | 0.441 | 0.318 | 2020 |
| Austria | 0.486 | 0.274 | 2019 |
| Belgium | 0.489 | 0.262 | 2019 |
| Canada | 0.438 | 0.280 | 2020 |
| Chile | 0.495 | 0.460 | 2017 |
| Costa Rica | 0.551 | 0.487 | 2021 |
| Czech Republic | 0.432 | 0.248 | 2019 |
| Denmark | 0.445 | 0.268 | 2019 |
| Estonia | 0.465 | 0.305 | 2019 |
| Finland | 0.516 | 0.265 | 2020 |
| France | 0.519 | 0.292 | 2019 |
| Germany | 0.497 | 0.296 | 2019 |
| Greece | 0.525 | 0.308 | 2019 |
| Hungary | 0.463 | 0.286 | 2019 |
| Iceland | 0.369 | 0.250 | 2017 |
| Ireland | 0.520 | 0.292 | 2018 |
| Israel | 0.449 | 0.342 | 2019 |
| Italy | 0.511 | 0.330 | 2018 |
| Japan | 0.570 | 0.381 | 2021 |
| Latvia | 0.483 | 0.355 | 2020 |
| Lithuania | 0.495 | 0.357 | 2019 |
| Luxembourg | 0.490 | 0.305 | 2019 |
| Mexico | 0.435 | 0.420 | 2020 |
| Netherlands | 0.453 | 0.304 | 2020 |
| New Zealand | 0.454 | 0.320 | 2020 |
| Norway | 0.436 | 0.263 | 2020 |
| Poland | 0.452 | 0.281 | 2018 |
| Portugal | 0.511 | 0.310 | 2019 |
| Slovakia | 0.383 | 0.222 | 2019 |
| Slovenia | 0.444 | 0.246 | 2019 |
| South Korea | 0.405 | 0.331 | 2020 |
| Spain | 0.491 | 0.320 | 2019 |
| Sweden | 0.433 | 0.276 | 2020 |
| Switzerland | 0.402 | 0.316 | 2019 |
| Turkey | 0.502 | 0.415 | 2019 |
| United Kingdom | 0.507 | 0.355 | 2020 |
| United States | 0.517 | 0.375 | 2021 |