# List of cities in Malaysia

In Malaysia, cities (Malay: bandaraya) are officially designated under the governance of city councils (Malay: Majlis bandaraya), although there are several exceptions. As of 2024, 20 areas in the country are officially termed cities by law. Among them, 16 are from Peninsular Malaysia, while 3 are from East Malaysia. George Town, the capital city of Penang, was declared a city on 1 January 1957 by Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, making it the first city in the country, and the only city declared before Malayan independence. George Town remained the sole city of Malaya until 1963, when Singapore was formally incorporated into Malaysia. However, Singapore's expulsion in 1965 meant that George Town would remain Malaysia's only city until Kuala Lumpur's declaration as a city in 1972, by Abdul Halim of Kedah, the fifth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. In 1988, Kuching was chartered as the first city in East Malaysia. Klang is the most recent municipality in the country declared a city, doing so on 5 February 2024.
There are also highly urbanised and populated areas across the country that did not attain city status, but are sometimes referred as cities. Officially, these areas are classified as municipalities or townships.

## Cities in Malaysia
### Current cities

| General information | General information | General information | Administrative | Administrative | Administrative | Administrative | Notes |
| Name | Image | State | Local governments | Local governments | Date of declaration | Pop. | Notes |
| Name | Image | State | Flag | Seal | Date of declaration | Pop. | Notes |
| George Town City of Penang Island Bandaraya Pulau Pinang | | Penang Northeast District (since 1957) Southwest District (since 2015) | Penang Island City Council Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang | Penang Island City Council Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang | 1 January 1957 by Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, as the City of George Town 31 March 2015 by Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIV, as the City of Penang Island | 794,313 | |
| Kuala Lumpur Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur | | Selangor Kuala Lumpur District (1972–1974)  Federal Territories Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (since 1974) | Kuala Lumpur City Hall Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur | Kuala Lumpur City Hall Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur | 1 February 1972 by Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong V, as the City of Kuala Lumpur | 1,982,112 | |
| Ipoh City of Ipoh Bandaraya Ipoh | | Perak Kinta District | Ipoh City Council Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh | Ipoh City Council Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh | 27 May 1988 by Azlan Shah of Perak, 34th Sultan of Perak, as the City of Ipoh | 759,952 | |
| Kuching City of Kuching Bandaraya Kuching | | Sarawak Kuching Division | Commission of Kuching North City Hall Suruhanjaya Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara | Commission of Kuching North City Hall Suruhanjaya Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara | 1 August 1988 by Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong VIII, as the City of Kuching | 349,147 | |
| Kuching City of Kuching Bandaraya Kuching | | Sarawak Kuching Division | – | | 1 August 1988 by Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong VIII, as the City of Kuching | 349,147 | |
| Kuching City of Kuching Bandaraya Kuching | | Sarawak Kuching Division | – | | 1 August 1988 by Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong VIII, as the City of Kuching | 349,147 | |
| Johor Bahru City of Johor Bahru Bandaraya Johor Bahru | | Johor Johor Bahru District | Johor Bahru City Council Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru | Johor Bahru City Council Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru | 1 January 1994 by Iskandar of Johor, 24th Sultan of Johor, as the City of Johor Bahru | 858,118 | |
| Putrajaya Federal Territory of Putrajaya Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya | | Federal Territories Federal Territory of Putrajaya | Putrajaya Corporation Perbadanan Putrajaya | Putrajaya Corporation Perbadanan Putrajaya | 1 October 1995 by Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong X, as the Federal Territory of Putrajaya | 109,202 | |
| Kota Kinabalu City of Kota Kinabalu Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu | | Sabah West Coast Division | Kota Kinabalu City Hall Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu | Kota Kinabalu City Hall Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu | 2 February 2000 by Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XI, as the City of Kota Kinabalu | 500,425 | |
| Shah Alam City of Shah Alam Bandaraya Shah Alam | | Selangor Petaling District | Shah Alam City Council Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam | Shah Alam City Council Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam | 10 October 2000 by Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XI, as the City of Shah Alam | 812,327 | |
| Malacca City City of Malacca Bandaraya Melaka | | Malacca Melaka Tengah District | Malacca City Council Majlis Bandaraya Melaka | Malacca City Council Majlis Bandaraya Melaka | 15 April 2003 by Sirajuddin of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII, as the City of Malacca | 453,904 | |
| Malacca City City of Malacca Bandaraya Melaka | | Malacca Melaka Tengah District | – | | 15 April 2003 by Sirajuddin of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII, as the City of Malacca | 453,904 | |
| Alor Setar City of Alor Setar Bandaraya Alor Setar | | Kedah Kota Setar District | Alor Setar City Council Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar | Alor Setar City Council Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar | 21 December 2003 by Sirajuddin of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII, as the City of Alor Setar | 423,868 | |
| Miri City of Miri Bandaraya Miri | | Sarawak Miri Division | Miri City Council Majlis Bandaraya Miri | Miri City Council Majlis Bandaraya Miri | 20 May 2005 by Abang Muhammad Salahuddin, 6th Governor of Sarawak, as the City of Miri | 248,877 | |
| Miri City of Miri Bandaraya Miri | | Sarawak Miri Division | – | | 20 May 2005 by Abang Muhammad Salahuddin, 6th Governor of Sarawak, as the City of Miri | 248,877 | |
| Petaling Jaya City of Petaling Jaya Bandaraya Petaling Jaya | | Selangor Petaling District | Petaling Jaya City Council Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya | Petaling Jaya City Council Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya | 20 June 2006 by Sharafuddin of Selangor, 9th Sultan of Selangor, as the City of Petaling Jaya | 771,687 | |
| Petaling Jaya City of Petaling Jaya Bandaraya Petaling Jaya | | Selangor Petaling District | – | | 20 June 2006 by Sharafuddin of Selangor, 9th Sultan of Selangor, as the City of Petaling Jaya | 771,687 | |
| Kuala Terengganu City of Kuala Terengganu Bandaraya Kuala Terengganu | | Terengganu Kuala Terengganu District Kuala Nerus District (since 2014) | Kuala Terengganu City Council Majlis Bandaraya Kuala Terengganu | Kuala Terengganu City Council Majlis Bandaraya Kuala Terengganu | 1 January 2008 by Tengku Muhammad Ismail, Crown Prince of Terengganu, as the City of Kuala Terengganu | 375,424 | |
| Iskandar Puteri City of Iskandar Puteri Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri | | Johor Johor Bahru District | Iskandar Puteri City Council Majlis Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri | Iskandar Puteri City Council Majlis Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri | 22 November 2017 by Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, 25th Sultan of Johor, as the City of Iskandar Puteri | 575,977 | |
| Iskandar Puteri City of Iskandar Puteri Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri | | Johor Johor Bahru District | – | | 22 November 2017 by Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, 25th Sultan of Johor, as the City of Iskandar Puteri | 575,977 | |
| Seberang Perai City of Seberang Perai Bandaraya Seberang Perai | | Penang North Seberang Perai District Central Seberang Perai District South Seberang Perai District | Seberang Perai City Council Majlis Bandaraya Seberang Perai | Seberang Perai City Council Majlis Bandaraya Seberang Perai | 16 September 2019 by Abdul Rahman Abbas, 7th Governor of Penang, as the City of Seberang Perai | 946,092 | |
| Seremban City of Seremban Bandaraya Seremban | | Negeri Sembilan Seremban District | Seremban City Council Majlis Bandaraya Seremban | Seremban City Council Majlis Bandaraya Seremban | 1 January 2020 by Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan, 11th Yamtuan Besar, as the City of Seremban | 681,541 | |
| Subang Jaya City of Subang Jaya Bandaraya Subang Jaya | | Selangor Petaling District | Subang Jaya City Council Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya | Subang Jaya City Council Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya | 20 October 2020 by Sharafuddin of Selangor, 9th Sultan of Selangor, as the City of Subang Jaya | 902,086 | |
| Pasir Gudang City of Pasir Gudang Bandaraya Pasir Gudang | | Johor Johor Bahru District | Pasir Gudang City Council Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang | Pasir Gudang City Council Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang | 22 November 2020 by Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, 25th Sultan of Johor, as the City of Pasir Gudang | 312,437 | |
| Kuantan City of Kuantan Bandaraya Kuantan | | Pahang Kuantan District | Kuantan City Council Majlis Bandaraya Kuantan | Kuantan City Council Majlis Bandaraya Kuantan | 21 February 2021 by Abdullah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVI, as the City of Kuantan | 548,014 | |
| Kuantan City of Kuantan Bandaraya Kuantan | | Pahang Kuantan District | – | | 21 February 2021 by Abdullah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVI, as the City of Kuantan | 548,014 | |
| Klang Royal City of Klang Bandaraya Diraja Klang | | Selangor Klang District | Klang Royal City Council Majlis Bandaraya Diraja Klang | Klang Royal City Council Majlis Bandaraya Diraja Klang | 5 February 2024 by Sharafuddin of Selangor, 9th Sultan of Selangor, as the Royal City of Klang | 902,025 | |
| Klang Royal City of Klang Bandaraya Diraja Klang | | Selangor Klang District | – | | 5 February 2024 by Sharafuddin of Selangor, 9th Sultan of Selangor, as the Royal City of Klang | 902,025 | |

### Former cities

| General information | General information | General information | Administrative | Administrative | Administrative | Administrative | Notes |
| Name | Image | State | Local governments | Local governments | Date of declaration | Date of abolishment | Notes |
| Name | Image | State | Flag | Seal | Date of declaration | Date of abolishment | Notes |
| Singapore City of Singapore Bandaraya Singapura | | State of Singapore Central Area (1951–1965) | City Council of Singapore Majlis Bandaraya Singapura | City Council of Singapore Majlis Bandaraya Singapura | 22 September 1951 by George VI, King of the United Kingdom, as the City of Singapore | 9 August 1965 (expelled from Malaysia) | |
| Singapore City of Singapore Bandaraya Singapura | | State of Singapore Central Area (1951–1965) | – | – | 22 September 1951 by George VI, King of the United Kingdom, as the City of Singapore | 9 August 1965 (expelled from Malaysia) | |

## History
### Penang

George Town became a city on 1 January 1957 by a royal charter granted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, becoming the first town in the Federation of Malaya to become a city (Singapore became a city in 1951). The royal charter stated that:
   ... the said Municipality of George Town shall on the First Day of January in the year of Our Lord One thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven and forever after that be a city and shall be called and styled the CITY OF GEORGE TOWN instead of the Municipality of George Town and shall thenceforth have all such rank, liberties, privileges and immunities as are incident to a City.
However, local government elections were abolished by the federal government in 1965, and the functions of the City Council were transferred to the Chief Minister of Penang in 1966. A Municipal Council for the whole of Penang Island, the Penang Island Municipal Council, was set up between 1974 and 1976.
Although the city status of George Town was never officially revoked, George Town's existence as a corporate entity was in doubt, let alone as a city. This is similar to the position of the former city of Rochester in England, the site of England's second-oldest cathedral, which had been a city from 1211 until 1998 when it was merged with a neighbouring borough. As the new council was not granted city status, and the city, through oversight, failed to appoint charter trustees to inherit the city charter, the city ceased to exist.
Most residents disagreed with this view and held that as George Town's city status has never been revoked, it remains a city to this day. According to lawyer Datuk Anwar Fazal, George Town "legally has been and is still a city because the City of George Town Ordinance 1957 had not been repealed". As city status is a matter of law, the actual legal position will depend on an analysis of the City Council of Penang (Transfer of Functions) Order 1966 and the Local Government Act 1976.
On 1 January 2015, the Malaysian federal government upgraded the Penang Island Municipal Council into the present-day Penang Island City Council, thereby expanding the city limit of George Town to encompass the entirety of Penang Island, as well as a handful of surrounding islets.

### Subsequent cities

The royal charters for Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Kota Kinabalu, Shah Alam, Malacca City, Alor Setar and Miri were from the Malaysian head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, while Ipoh, Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri and Subang Jaya were granted by their respective state sultans. Malacca City was declared a "historical city" prior to being granted city status in 2003.
Kuala Lumpur, the largest city, is the national capital and a federal territory, but as of 2012, most government ministries have relocated to the new administrative capital of Putrajaya.

### Criteria

Local governments or local authorities in Malaysia (Malay: pihak berkuasa tempatan, abbreviated PBT) are placed under the jurisdiction of their respective state governments. On the other hand, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Malay: Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan, abbreviated as KPKT) handles the classification and standardisation of local governments while providing them with consultation services (i.e. technical consultancy and federal funding). For the Federal Territories, their respective local governments are monitored by the Ministry of Federal Territories and Urban Wellbeing (Malay: Kementerian Wilayah Persekutuan, abbreviated KWP). The National Council of Local Governments (Malay: Majlis Negara Kerajaan Tempatan, abbreviated as MNKT), formed in 1960 by the federal government, is tasked on handling policies and laws related to local governments.
KPKT formally classifies local governments in three different categories: city councils, municipal councils, and district councils, with exceptions equivalent to the three respective categories. These categories are separated by certain requirements related to urban population, finances, and infrastructural developments. The 60th meeting of the MNKT, held on 3 June 2008, approved updated criterion on the selection process for the granting of city status on a local government:
* The local government must administer a region that is an administrative centre of a state;
* The region must have a population of more than 500-thousand people;
* The local government must be financially sustainable, with an annual income of not less than 100-million ringgit, and has the ability to afford stable administrative expenditures;
* The local government must have an efficient bureaucratic structure, while maintaining public services at the highest-level, e.g. tax collection, development approvals, legal enforcement, and other necessary functions;
* Urban developments planned by the local government should be sustainable;
* The local government should give further emphasis on resolving social issues, i.e. squatting, pollution, safety, affordable housing, and environmental conservation. Studies conducted by the Malaysian Urban Indicators Network (MURNInet) would also be taken account of.
* The local government must promote an urban image that is applicable towards the national identity as a representation of the country's heritage, and preserve any local objects or places of historical, cultural, or artistic significance;
* The region must contain adequate resources and institutions of finance and industry to easily facilitate trade and foreign investments;
* The region must be a local hub of education, complete with universities, colleges, museums and public libraries;
* The region must be a centre of culture, sports, and recreation;
* The local government should have the ability to host conventions of national and international level;
* The infrastructure of the region should be complete, with sufficient public utilities (e.g. disabled-persons friendly-public parks, public transportation, traffic management systems, road networks, computer services), and;
* The region must achieve nationwide or international recognition equivalent to those of other cities worldwide.

## Population

Kuala Lumpur is by far the largest urban area as well as the largest metropolitan area in Malaysia. George Town, the capital city of Penang, forms the core of the country's second largest conurbation. To the south, Johor Bahru is the heart of Johor Bahru Conurbation, the nation's third largest urban area. Other metropolitan areas with a population of more than 500,000 include Ipoh, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu.
The following table shows the largest cities by population in Malaysia.
vte Largest cities and municipalities in Malaysia Department of Statistics, Malaysia (2020) :
| | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 1 | Kuala Lumpur | Federal Territory | 1,982,112 | 11 | Ipoh | Perak | 759,952 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 2 | Kajang | Selangor | 1,047,356 | 12 | Seremban | Negeri Sembilan | 681,541 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 3 | Seberang Perai | Penang | 946,092 | 13 | Iskandar Puteri | Johor | 575,977 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 4 | Subang Jaya | Selangor | 902,086 | 14 | Kuantan | Pahang | 548,014 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 5 | Klang | Selangor | 902,025 | 15 | Sungai Petani | Kedah | 545,053 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 6 | Johor Bahru | Johor | 858,118 | 16 | Ampang Jaya | Selangor | 531,904 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 7 | Shah Alam | Selangor | 812,327 | 17 | Kota Kinabalu | Sabah | 500,425 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 8 | George Town | Penang | 794,313 | 18 | Malacca City | Malacca | 453,904 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 9 | Petaling Jaya | Selangor | 771,687 | 19 | Sandakan | Sabah | 439,050 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |
| Kuala Lumpur Kajang | 10 | Selayang | Selangor | 764,327 | 20 | Alor Setar | Kedah | 423,868 | Seberang Perai Subang Jaya |