# Government of Syria

The politics of Syria takes places in a presidential system and is currently in a transitional period led by the Syrian transitional government. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. The previous government consisted of a President, a Prime Minister, and a legislative council with 250 seats.
On 8 December 2024, after the successful Syrian rebel offensives resulted in the fall of Damascus and the ouster of former president Bashar al-Assad, many former government officials under Assad's regime fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary. Tahrir al-Sham, the dominant opposition faction, has tasked Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir of the Syrian Salvation Government to head the transitional administration until 1 March 2025. The transitional period is expected to last until 2026.

## Executive branch

Syria is currently led by a transitional caretaker administration, which is expected to serve until 1 March 2025 when a more comprehensive transitional government is expected to be formed to oversee the rest of the transitional period until 2026.

### Cabinet

The cabinet performs the day-to-day administrative functions of government.

#### Mohammad al-Bashir cabinet

Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told Al Jazeera on 16 December 2024 that "for the time being" ministers from the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) would head national ministries.
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Faction |
| Prime Minister of Syria | Mohammed al-Bashir | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Administrative Development | Fadi al-Qassem | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform | Mohammed al-Ahmed | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Communications and Information Technology | Hussein al-Masri | December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Minister for Defense | Murhaf Abu Qasra | 21 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Economy and Foreign Trade | Basel Abdul Hannan | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Education | Nazir al-Qadri | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Awqaf | Hussam Haj Hussein | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Electricity | Omar Shaqrouq | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Finance | Mohammed Abazaid | December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates | Asaad al-Shaibani | 21 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Director of the General Intelligence Service | Anas Khattab | 26 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Director of the General Directorate of Customs | Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi | December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research | Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Information | Mohammad al-Omar | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Health | Maher al-Sharaa (acting) | 16 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Interior | Ali Keda | 19 January 2025 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection | Maher Khalil al-Hasan (acting) | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Minister for Justice | Shadi al-Waisi | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Local Administration and Environment | Mohamed Muslim | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | HTS |
| Minister for Oil and Mineral Resources | Ghiyath Diab | December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Minister for Transport | Bahaa Aldeen Shurm | December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Minister for Water Resources | Osama Abu Zaid | December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
| Head of Women's Affairs Office | Aisha al-Dibs | 22 December 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |

## Legislative branch

An Interim Legislative Council is expected to be formed to act as Syria's legislature until a new constitution has been adopted. Previously, the People's Assembly was Syria's legislature during the Ba'athist period. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies. The Syrian constitution of 2012 introduced a multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party. After the collapse of the Assad Regime following successful rebel offensives late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the transitional authorities and abolished on 29 January 2025.

## Judicial branch

Syria's judicial branches includes the Supreme Constitutional Court, the High Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highest tribunal. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.

## International organization participation

Syria is a member of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Arab Monetary Fund, Council of Arab Economic Unity, Customs Cooperation Council, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Food and Agriculture Organization, Group of 24, Group of 77, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Chamber of Commerce, International Development Association, Islamic Development Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations, UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Universal Postal Union, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, and World Tourism Organization.
Syria's diplomats last sat on the UN Security Council (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003.