# Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)

The following is a timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) in 2025.
This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Moreover, some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

## January
### 1 January

The Joint Darfur Force (JDF) said it had killed 462 Rapid Support Forces (RSF) fighters including six commanders in a failed attack on Al-Malha, North Darfur. In addition, three vehicles were destroyed. The remaining unit under Ali Rizqallah Al-Safana retreated. The JDF also called on the RSF to surrender to the JDF or the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF).

### 2 January

The SAF claimed that RSF brigadier general Ibrahim Delib was killed along with 32 RSF fighters, including a Mauritanian national, after a drone being launched by the group misfired in El Fasher.

### 4 January

Two people were killed by RSF shelling on the Saudi Hospital in El Fasher. Four others were killed by RSF shelling in Omdurman.

### 5 January

Ten people were killed in an SAF airstrike in Khartoum.
The SAF and the JDF claimed to have deflected an RSF assault on El Fasher that came from the east and southeast of the city. The JDF also intercepted a weapons convoy for the RSF, arresting both Sudanese and Libyan nationals.

### 7 January

The United States officially declared that the RSF had committed genocide and imposed sanctions on Hemedti.
The SAF retook the administrative center of Ombadda as well as Al-Shagla and the western section of the Al-Fitaihab neighborhood of Omdurman from the RSF. It also claimed to have freed three captive officers in Al-Fitaihab in a special operation that left more than 20 RSF militants dead, including a commander.
Four people were killed in an SAF airstrike on the Fata Borno IDP camp in Kutum, North Darfur.

### 8 January

The SAF retook the town of Haj Abdallah in Gezira State, 58 kilometers from Wad Madani, and the village of Mahalla, 13 kilometers from Wad Madani, from the RSF.

### 9 January

The SAF retook the town of Al-Shabarqa in Gezira State, 13 kilometers east of Wad Madani, from the RSF.

### 10 January

The SAF retook the town of Um al-Qura in Gezira State, 40 kilometers east of Wad Madani, from the RSF, while the SAF-allied Sudan Shield Forces retook Wad al-Abyad, 20 kilometres from the Hantoub bridge.
At least 26 people were killed in an attack by the Sudan Shield Forces on the village of Tayba in Gezira State.

### 11 January

The SAF retook Wad Madani, the capital of Gezira State.
Sixteen people were killed by RSF shelling on the Zamzam IDP camp in North Darfur.

### 12 January

The SAF retook the Al-Rawad residential complex in Khartoum from the RSF.

### 13 January

At least 120 people were killed by shelling in western Omdurman.
The Merowe Dam power station was damaged by RSF drones, causing a fire at the facility and power outages as far as Shendi, Port Sudan, Atbara and Omdurman.
The SAF retook Karkaraia and Hajar al-Jawad, on the road between Dalang and Kadugli in South Kordofan, from the SPLM-N (al-Hilu).
Thirteen people were killed by the SAF and allied militias in an attack on the informal settlement of Kambo Tayba in Gezira State.

### 14 January

The JDF claimed to have killed hundreds of RSF militants, destroyed 262 vehicles, and captured 21 militants and 67 vehicles during clashes in Al-Malha and Halaf in North Darfur.
At least 18 people were killed in attacks by the Sudan Shield Forces on the Shukaba camp and Camp 16 in Gezira State.

### 15 January

At least 120 people were killed in an RSF attack on a civilian convoy being escorted by the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces (GSLF) near Kabkabiya, North Darfur.
Nine people were killed in attacks by the SAF and the RSF on members of the Kanabi community, who mostly originate from Darfur, in Abu Gouta, Gezira State. Fifteen people were killed in an RSF attack on the village of Al-Khizan in Abu Gouta.
The Sultan Ali Dinar Palace Museum in El Fasher was shelled by the RSF, causing a fire that heavily damaged the structure and destroyed its contents and furniture.

### 16 January

Senior US officials reported that the SAF had recently used chemical weapons against the RSF in rural areas at least twice. The US also sanctioned SAF chief General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan for the army's conduct in the war.
The RSF said that it attacked fighters and vehicles in Kabkabiya belonging to the JDF between the SLM-Al Nur and the GSLF. The RSF called for a joint committee to investigate the incident.

### 18 January

Forty people were killed in an RSF attack on the village of Jebel Hilla in North Darfur.
Six drones struck the Al-Shawak power station in Gedaref State, injuring civil defence personnel and causing blackouts across the state and in Kassala State. Other drones hit the Gedaref state water station while another crashed near a bus station along the Gedaref-Kassala-Port Sudan highway.
The SAF reached the Al-Shukri junction in Shambat, Khartoum Bahri, while the RSF retreated by one kilometer southwards to the Hassan Ibrahim Malik University City. At least three people were killed by RSF shelling in Omdurman.
The RSF claimed to have taken Al-Hallaf, Drishaqi and Mao in North Darfur.

### 20 January

At least 11 people were killed by RSF shelling on the Abu Shouk IDP camp in El Fasher.
A coalition of SAF and allied forces claimed to have repelled two RSF incursions from Libya in North Darfur near the tri-border area with Chad and Libya, killing a total of over 950 fighters, destroying 61 vehicles, and capturing 78 others that were equipped with advanced weaponry.

### 21 January

The Sudanese Revolutionary Front expelled the United Popular Front from its member groups after the UPF accused the alliance of being unduly influenced by the RSF.
SAF units besieged at the Signal Corps garrison in Khartoum Bahri launched their first major offensive since September 2024, forcing the RSF to withdraw east towards the Kafouri neighborhood. The SAF also retook Abboud Park in Khartoum Bahri and the Juwayriyah School and the African Council Schools in Al Safiya district.
The RSF issued a 48-hour ultimatum for the SAF to withdraw from El Fasher.

### 22 January

The SAF launched an offensive towards the El-Jeili oil refinery and retook the Rotana Mills southeast of the facility.

### 23 January

The El-Jeili oil refinery caught fire with smoke being seen from Omdurman and Khartoum Bahri. The SAF claimed that the RSF had set fire to the facility, while the RSF claimed that it caught fire due to incendiary barrel bombs dropped by the Sudanese Air Force.
Two people were killed by RSF shelling on the Abu Shouk IDP camp.
An indefinite strike was launched by employees of the Bashair Hospital in Khartoum after an RSF member opened fire inside the facility the previous day.

### 24 January

At least 70 people were killed in an RSF drone strike on the maternity ward of the Saudi Hospital in El Fasher that also destroyed its emergency department.
The SAF claimed to have broken the siege around the Signal Corp's base in Khartoum. The RSF denied the claims. The SAF also claimed to have broken the siege around its General Headquarters in Khartoum and retook the El-Jeili oil refinery.
The SAF and allied militias repelled an RSF attack on El Fasher following the expiration of the latter's ultimatum for the SAF to withdraw. The JDF claimed it had killed more than 400 RSF militants, destroyed more than 25 vehicles and captured 30 others.
Ayub Osman Nahar resigned as an advisor to Hemedti, saying that he refused to be part of the RSF's atrocities against civilians and accusing the group of burning villages and killing civilians in North Darfur and Gezira State.

### 27 January

The SAF claimed to have pushed into parts of eastern Khartoum near the Al-Rabat College in Burri district, advanced through large portions of the Al-Azba, Kafouri, Ad Babaker, and Ramallah neighborhoods of Khartoun North, and continued their advances towards the El Mek Nimr Bridge. They also claimed to have deployed troops to hold several neighborhoods under their control.
More than 100 people were killed in an RSF attack on the village of Broush in North Darfur.

### 28 January

The SAF claimed to have seized the RSF's Medical Directorate located in the former SAF Paratroopers base in Shambat, as well as the Blue and Bashir Towers in Khartoum Bahri.
The RSF announced the death in action of one of its senior commanders, Rahmtalla al-Mahdi, also known as "Jalha", along with his brother. The two were reportedly killed in an airstrike east of Khartoum.

### 29 January

The SAF made further gains in Khartoum Bahri and advanced towards the El Mek Nimr Bridge, forcing the RSF out of almost the entire city except in Hillet Hamad.
Renewed fighting in El Fasher killed seven people and injured 12 others. The SAF claimed that the deaths were caused by RSF shelling on the Abu Shouk camp. The SAF also claimed to have repelled an RSF attack on the city.

### 30 January

The SAF retook the city of Umm Ruwaba in North Kordofan, advancing towards El Obeid. It shot down ten drones over El Obeid and retook Al-Azba and the eastern part of the Kafouri neighbourhood of Khartoum Bahri.

## February
### 1 February

At least 60 people were killed while 250 others were injured in an RSF attack on the Sabreen Market in Omdurman. Two others were killed in an SAF airstrike in Khartoum, while at least seven were killed by RSF shelling in El Obeid. Eleven people were killed by RSF shelling on the Abu Shouk camp, while 13 others were killed during clashes in Nyala.
The SAF claimed to have retaken the cities of Tambul, Rufaa and Al-Hasahisa in Gezira State.

### 2 February

The JDF claimed to have repelled an RSF attack on El Fasher, killing 140 fighters and mercenaries, destroying 43 vehicles and capturing 12 more. The JDF also said that RSF fighters were appearing more on foot and on camels and horses, and also appeared to be under the influence of drugs.
The SAF retook Wad Rawah and al-Nabati in Gezira State.
Renewed fighting and airstrikes in Darfur left at least 248 people dead or wounded. Health authorities believe the death toll is much higher than recorded due to the ongoing fighting preventing bodies from being recovered and counted.

### 3 February

Abdallah Hussein, a senior RSF commander was killed by an SAF airstrike in al-Kamelin in Gezira State.
The SAF claimed to have broke the siege of its Corps of Engineers garrison in the Al 'Aylafun area, and retook the al-Asaylat, Um Daw Ban, and Al 'Aylafun areas of the East Nile locality. The SAF said it plans to continue advances to recapture the Soba Bridge.
According to the state health minister of South Kordofan, the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) killed 44 people after shelling the main market, residential neighborhoods, and temporary shelters in schools in Kadugli.
Twenty-five people were killed in an SAF airstrike in Nyala.

### 4 February

At least six people were killed by RSF shelling on the al-Nao hospital in Omdurman.
The SAF claimed to have retaken al-Kamelin and laid siege to the town of Naima in White Nile State.
Engineers from the Khartoum State Water Authority were fired at by RSF snipers stationed at the Kuwaiti building while they were assessing the damage to the Bahri Water Plant.

### 5 February

The SAF claimed to have retaken the al-Rumaila district of Khartoum as well as the central mint.
Five people were killed in SAF airstrikes in Nyala.

### 6 February

The SAF claimed to have retaken the El Tekeina, El Maseed and El Noba areas south of Giad, the Saria Industrial Complex near Abu Hamama in Khartoum, and Wadi El Akhdar in the Sharg El Nil area of Khartoum Bahri.

### 7 February

The SAF claimed to have retaken the Traffic Signs and License Plates Factory along with the entire industrial area of Khartoum. They also claimed to have retaken Al-Masoudiya in Khartoum state and Abu Quta in northwestern Gezira State.
The SAF claimed to have shot down seven RSF drones over Debba, Northern State.
Three people were killed in an RSF attack on the Zamzam IDP camp. Five others were killed in an RSF attack on Saloma, southeast of El Fasher.

### 8 February

The SAF claimed to have retaken the Kafouri district of Khartoum Bahri.
The SLM and the GSLF launched an incursion into Chad from Darfur, resulting in clashes with the Chadian Army in the vicinity of the tri-border area with Sudan and Libya. Six Sudanese soldiers were killed while 13 others were injured. Three vehicles were also destroyed while two Sudanese commanders were captured and detained at Amdjarass.

### 10 February

The Transitional Sovereignty Council announced that a civilian-led transitional government would be formed once the SAF takes full control of Khartoum.

### 12 February

At least 31 people were killed following two days of RSF attacks on the Zamzam IDP camp.

### 13 February

At least 30 people were reported killed in RSF attacks on al-Jamalab and Na'ima in White Nile State. Fifteen others drowned on the White Nile river while they were boarding a boat to escape the attacks.

### 15 February

A 100-member RSF unit stationed in Al-Muzmum, Sennar State, surrendered to the SAF in Singa after previously fleeing to South Sudan.
The SAF claimed to have retaken the El Nour Islamic Complex and the Bahri Thermal Power Plant in Khartoum.

### 16 February

Ten people were killed in RSF attacks in Mellit Station in El Fasher. The SAF claimed to have destroyed an RSF base in the east of the city.

### 17 February

The SAF took control of the Kafouri area, the last RSF stronghold in Khartoum North, and the city of Er Rahad in North Kordofan. It also retook the Ministry of Animal Resources, the Tax Tower, the Malaysian Tower, and the Medical Supply Department headquarters near central Khartoum.
The Sudanese government extended the opening of the Adre border crossing with Chad until 16 May to allow humanitarian aid to reach Darfur.

### 18 February

The SAF retook the Kober Bridge connecting Khartoum with Khartoum Bahri, as well as large parts of El Sajana and El Hilla El Jadeeda in southeastern Khartoum.
The RSF announced plans to form a parallel government in exile, the Government of Peace and Unity, in Nairobi, Kenya.
More than 200 people were killed following three days of RSF attacks in the El Geteina area of White Nile State.
An RSF assault on the Zamzam camp forced thousands to flee to Tawila.

### 19 February

Six people were killed by RSF shelling in Omdurman.
The SAF claimed to have retaken the El Hurriya Bridge in central Khartoum, as well as Sidra in North Kordofan.
The United Nations confirmed a state of famine in the Zamzam, Abu Shouk and Al Salam IDP camps in North Darfur, as well as in two locations in the Western Nuba Mountains.

### 20 February

Ten people were killed in an airstrike in El Khazan Jadeed, East Darfur.
The Sudanese government recalled its ambassador to Kenya over the latter's hosting of meetings by the RSF and allied groups.

### 22 February

The SAF and the Sudan Shield Forces claimed to have forced the RSF to retreat from the Soba neighbourhood of eastern Khartoum and retook the Al-Lulua and Al-Samra neighbourhoods southeast of the Soba Bridge connecting Khartoum’s southern and eastern neighbourhoods with the rural areas of East Nile, adding that the 17 RSF militants were killed while nine vehicles were destroyed or captured.

### 23 February

The RSF, the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) and allied groups signed a charter to establish the Government of Peace and Unity following a meeting in Nairobi.
The SAF’s Sayyad Force lifted the two-year siege of El Obeid. The SAF also recaptured El Geteina.

### 24 February

The SAF claimed to have taken the eastern part of the Soba Bridge.
The SAF said that it had partially broken the siege of Dalang and captured the Al-Karkal, Koli, and Kiqa regions north of Kadugli and Hajar Al-Jawad and Karkariya to the south.
The RSF claimed to have shot down an Ilyushin fighter jet over Nyala, killing its crew. The pilot was later identified as Major General Abulgasem Ali.
The National Umma Party removed Fadlallah Burma Nasir as its acting leader following his cosigning of the Government of Peace and Unity agreement with the RSF. In response, Nasir ordered the dissolution of the party's Presidential Institution.

### 25 February

An SAF Antonov An-26 transport aircraft crashed into a residential area of Karari, Omdurman, during takeoff from Wadi Seidna Air Base, killing at least 46 people including Major-General Bahr Ahmed, a senior commander in Khartoum.
The SAF recaptured Al-Khiwai, advancing closer to relieve the siege of El-Khiwai.

### 26 February

Food aid was halted due to continued attacks on the Zamzam camp.
Russia called on the UN to support the Sudanese government's peace efforts and warned against the parallel RSF government that could halt efforts to support stability in Sudan.

### 28 February

The RSF launched a drone strike on the Merowe Power Station, leading to a power outage in the city.
The JDF claimed to have intercepted an RSF supply shipment in North Darfur and "neutralized" foreign mercenaries, demanding apologies from Colombia. The claims were denied by the RSF.

## March
### 1 March

The SAF claimed to have dismantled a cell based in the Marabi’ al-Sharif area of Soba Sharq, east of Khartoum, that counterfeited currency for the RSF and included foreign nationals.

### 2 March

The SAF retook Station 13 and parts of the El Nasr and El Huda neighbourhoods in Khartoum.

### 3 March

The SAF reached the eastern edge of the al-Manshia bridge in East Nile, Khartoum and retook the headquarters of the East Nile Central Reserve Forces.
Seven people were killed in an SAF airstrike on Umm Kuraydim, north of El Obeid.

### 4 March

More than 80 people were killed or injured by RSF shelling on Abu Shouk IDP camp.

### 5 March

The SAF retook El Dali and El Mazmum, the RSF’s last strongholds in Sennar State, as well as Al-Jabalain in White Nile state.

### 6 March

Canada imposed sanctions on al-Burhan and Hemedti, citing in part "an unwillingness on the part of the leaders to negotiate an end to the war".

### 7 March

A detention centre operated by the RSF near Khartoum was discovered, revealing evidence of torture and a nearby mass grave containing over 500 unmarked graves.

### 9 March

Seven people were killed in an RSF attack on Al Khiwai, West Kordofan, while two others were killed in RSF drone strikes in Al-Maliha, North Darfur.

### 10 March

The SAF claimed to have destroyed 47 vehicles and 100 drones belonging to the RSF in El Fasher over the course of 10 days. They also claimed that local forces killed 15 fighters and that they recaptured the whole Al-Salam neighborhood and the Lafat Taqro buildings in the south of the city.

### 12 March

Ten people were killed by RSF shelling in El Fasher, while two children were killed and eight more were injured by RSF shelling in El Obeid.

### 13 March

RSF shelling on El Obeid killed one woman and injured four others, bringing the death toll from RSF attacks on the city to 32.

### 14 March

The Sudanese government ordered a ban on imports from Kenya, citing national security concerns amid criticism over the latter's hosting of the RSF.
The SAF claimed to have shot down a drone squadron targeting Atbara. Eight civilians were killed in RSF raids on eastern Khartoum.

### 15 March

Hemedti vowed to carry out new offensives on March 17, the anniversary of the RSF's founding, claiming the RSF had undergone several changes and had made alliances with other groups such as the SPLM-N. He threatened to invade Port Sudan and attack Atbara, Shendi, Merowe, Al Dabbah, and Dongola. He also said that countries supporting the SAF would "pay the price".
The bodies of 11 people suspected to have been killed by the RSF were recovered from a well in the Fayhaa neighborhood of Khartoum.

### 16 March

Government buildings used by the RSF in El Daein and Nyala were destroyed by missiles. The SAF also claimed to have taken control of the Family Club, Khartoum 3, and part of Khartoum 2 and cut off the last RSF supply route to the Presidential Palace.
4 people were killed and 30 people were injured including 18 children from RSF shelling in the Karari area of Omdurman.