# List of mobile network operators in Europe

A mobile network operator, also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communication services.
The main mobile network operators in Europe are listed below.

## Albania

Albania as per has 3.66 million subscribers, of whom 2.49 million are active users (101% penetration rate) (Q1 2021).
Active users are considered those who have communicated in the last three months.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.
In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile, 80.27%, to a network merger in 2023.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | One Albania • Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network. | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3400/3500 MHz 5G NR (in development) | 1.914 (Q3 2021) | 4iG | 27601 27603 |
| 2 | Vodafone Albania | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE 3700 MHz/3800 MHz 5G NR | 1.740 (Q3 2025) | Vodafone Group plc (99.9%) | 27602 |

## Andorra

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers or about 113.63% mobile penetration.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Andorra Telecom (formerly Servei de Telecomunicacions d'Andorra) | 900/1800 MHz GPRS 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE-LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.088 (2021) | Government of Andorra | 21303 |

## Armenia

Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Viva Armenia | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA) LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFi LTE-1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE) | 2.2 (Q1 2022) | Viva Armenia Fedilco Group Limited (Zhe Zhang (75%) and Konstantin Sokolov (25%)) (80%) and Government of Armenia (20%) | 28305 |
| 2 | Team | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA) LTE-LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz) | 1.0 (November 2017) | Telecom Armenia CJSC | 28301 |
| 3 | Ucom | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) UMTS, HSDPA LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE) | 0.933 (December 2017) | Ucom | 28310 |

## Austria

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers (i.e. 2.0 2G, 10.8 3G and 0.1 4G SIM cards), or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | A1 | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR | 5.148 (including yesss!) (Q3 2022) | A1 Group (América Móvil (60.2%), ÖBAG (28.4%), institutional (7.9%), retail (3.3%), others (0.2%)). | 23201 |
| 2 | Magenta Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, max.mobil) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ (roams on 3's UMTS network where no UMTS) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 4.557 (Q2 2022) | Deutsche Telekom AG | 23203 |
| 3 | Drei • Includes the previous Orange network. | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) (roams on Magenta Telekom's GSM network when needed) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR | 3.222 (Q3 2022) | CK Hutchison Holdings | 23205 |

## Azerbaijan

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate. In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Azercell | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE | 4.417 (April 2013) | AzInTelecom (state-owned company) | 40001 |
| 2 | Bakcell | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE | 3.4 | Neqsol Holding | 40002 |
| 3 | Nar | GSM 1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE | 2.1 (March 2014) | Azerfon LLC | 40004 |
| 4 | Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE CDMA 800 | | Nakhtel LLC | 40006 |

## Belarus

Belarus has 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | MTS | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE | 5.7 (Q1 2022) | Beltelecom (51%) MTS (49%) | 25702 |
| 2 | A1 (formerly velcom) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi | 4.959 (Q3 2024) | A1 Group | 25701 |
| 3 | Life | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A | 1.5 (Q2 2024) | Turkcell | 25704 |

## Belgium

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate (Q4 2014).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Proximus (formerly Belgacom) | 900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 5.095 (Q4 2024) | Proximus Group N.V./S.A.(Government of Belgium 53.3%, NJJ 6.01%) | 20601 |
| 2 | Orange (formerly Mobistar, OBE) | 900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi | 3.467 (Q4 2024) | Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%) | 20610 |
| 3 | Base/Telenet | 900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi | 2.679 (Q2 2024) | Telenet Group N.V./S.A. (Liberty Global 100%) | 20620 |
| 4 | DIGI | Roaming on Proximus LTE/LTE-A Network 700/900/1800/2100/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE | Not available yet | 51% CityMesh, (subsidiary of Cegeka Groep N.V.) 49% Digi Communications N.V. | 20612 |

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total, or a 115% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers in million | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | BH Mobile (formerly GSM-BIH) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only) 5G NR (in development) | 1.577 (Q2 2023) | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%) | 21890 |
| 2 | m:tel (formerly MOBI'S) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only) | 1.273 (Q2 2023) | Telekom Srbija | 21805 |
| 3 | HT ERONET (formerly HTmobile) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only) | 0.834 (Q2 2023) | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%) | 21803 |
| 4 | Haloo (MVNO of ERONET) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, no eSIM | 0.834 (Q2 2023)? (I have no clue) | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%, Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%) | 21803 |

## Bulgaria

Bulgaria has 8 014 473 subscribers in total, or a 124.3% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2023.
The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Coverage | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | A1 (formerly Mtel, Mobiltel) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 700/3600 MHz 5G NR | 3.758 (Q2 2024) | Link | A1 Group | 28401 |
| 2 | Vivacom (formerly Vivatel) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 1800/3600 MHz 5G NR | 3.354 (Q4 2023) | Link | United Group | 28403 |
| 3 | Yettel (formerly Telenor, Globul) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM 700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR | 3.23 (Q4 2023) | Link | e& PPF Telecom Group | 28405 |

## Croatia

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (Q4 2019)
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Hrvatski Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET) | GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 3G shutdown: end of 2024 LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (postpaid only) 2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 2.326 (Q3 2021) | Deutsche Telekom AG (51.7%) | 21901 |
| 2 | A1 (formerly vip) | GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE (postpaid only), eSIM (postpaid only) 700/3600 MHz - 5G NR | 1.990 (Q3 2021) | A1 Group | 21910 |
| 3 | Telemach (formerly Tele2) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only) | 1.00 (Q3 2021) | United Group | 21902 |

## Cyprus

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus) (Q4 2022).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| Mobile network operators in Cyprus (excludes Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) ||||||
| 1 | Cytamobile-Vodafone | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 0.710 (Q4 2022) | Cyta (Government of Cyprus 100%) | 28001 |
| 2 | Epic (formerly MTN, Areeba) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 0.440 (Q4 2022) | Monaco Telecom SAM | 28010 |
| 3 | PrimeTel (formerly as MVNO on Epic) | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 900/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (RAN sharing with Epic & roaming on Epic or Cyta when needed) | 0.150 (Q4 2022) | PrimeTel PLC (Signal Capital Partners 100%) | 28020 |
| 4 | Cablenet (formerly Lemontel, as MVNO on Cyta) | 800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A eSIM (RAN sharing & roaming with Cyta when needed) | 0.093 (Q4 2022) | Cablenet Communications Systems PLC (GO Malta 63.4%) | 28022 |
| Mobile network operators operating only in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ||||||
| 1 | Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) | 0.576 (Q2 2023) | Turkcell A.Ş. | 28601 |
| 2 | Telsim Vodafone | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) | 0.382 (Q2 2023) | Vodafone Turkey A.Ş. | 28602 |

## Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | T-Mobile (formerly Paegas) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 6.523 (Q4 2023) | Deutsche Telekom AG | 23001 |
| 2 | O$_2$ (formerly Eurotel, Český Telecom) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100 (Prague Metro only) /3500 MHz 5G NR | 5.987 (Q2 2021) | PPF N.V. | 23002 |
| 3 | Vodafone (formerly Oskar) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 4.219 (Q3 2025) | Vodafone Group plc | 23003 |

## Denmark

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate (Q1 2014)
In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen, it's telecommunications regulator.
Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions:
* Økonomi- og Indenrigsministeriet [da]
* Finansministeriet
* Forsvarsministeriet
* Erhvervsministeriet
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | TDC | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 3.865 (Q4 2023) | Macquarie Group and Danish pension funds (PFA, PKA, ATP) | 23801 |
| 2 | Telenor (formerly Sonofon) | 900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telia) 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 1.696 (Q4 2024) | Telenor | 23802 |
| 3 | Telia (rebranding as Norlys Mobil) | 900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telenor) | 1.620 (Q4 2021) | Norlys | 23820 |
| 4 | 3 | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (Roams on TDC's GSM / UMTS / LTE network where 3 does not reach) | 1.524 (Q3 2022) | CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) | 23806 |

## Estonia

Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate (December 2008).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telia (formerly EMT) | GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR 3G (UMTS, HSPA) has been shut down in 2023 | 1.274 (Q1 2024) | Telia Company | 24801 |
| 2 | Elisa (formerly Radiolinja) | GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.701 (Q1 2024) | Elisa | 24802 |
| 3 | Tele2 (formerly Q-GSM) | GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.464 (Q3 2024) | Tele2 | 24803 |

## Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate (population 48,652) (2020).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Føroya Tele | GSM-900 900/2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE | 0.045 (74%) | Government of Faroe Islands | 28801 |
| 2 | Nema (formerly Hey, Vodafone, Kall) | GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE | 0.013 (25%) | Nema | 28802 |
| 3 | Tosa | GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE | 0.0 (0%) | Tosa | 28803 |

## Finland

Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate (December 2009).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Elisa (formerly Radiolinja) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 4.845 (Q4 2024) | Elisa | 24405 24406 24421 |
| 2 | DNA | GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 2.803 (Q4 2024) | Telenor | 24403 24404 24412 24413 24436 (SYV) |
| 3 | Telia (formerly Telecom Finland, Sonera) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 2.497 (Q4 2024) | Telia Company | 24420 24436 (SYV) 24491 |
| 4 | Ålcom (formerly ÅMT / Ålands Mobiltelefon) | GSM-900 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A | Not yet available | Mariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag | 24414 |

## France

France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate (September 2015).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange (formerly Orange-Itineris, Itineris) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 21.746 (Q1 2024) | Orange S.A. | 20801 |
| 2 | SFR | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 19.967 (Q1 2024) | Altice (80.4%), free float (19.6%) | 20810 |
| 3 | Bouygues Telecom | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 15.5 (Q1 2024) | Bouygues Group (90.53%) | 20820 |
| 4 | Free Mobile | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roaming on Orange 2G/3G when needed, limited to 384 kbit/s download, 384 kbit/s upload) 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 15.337 (Q2 2024) | Iliad S.A. | 20815 |

## Georgia

As of November 2024, Georgia has 5,623,128 subscribers in total.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Magticom | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced, VoLTE 5G is on FDD 700 MHz (N28) with a bandwidth of 20 MHz (2x10MHz), FDD 2600 MHz (N7) with a bandwidth of 60 MHz (2x30MHz) and TDD 3500 MHz (N78) with a bandwidth of 100 MHz. Magticom currently has the biggest 5G coverage in the country. | 2.332 (November 2024) | International Tellcell LLC | 28202 |
| 2 | Silknet (formerly Geocell) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A 2300 MHz TD-LTE, LTE Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro 800/900/1800 MHz LTE 5G–2100 MHz (Only in central Tbilisi from Freedom Square to Bagebi). Silknet has not participated in any of the 5G license auctions announced by the GNCC and has chosen to instead use its existing neutral license for 2100 MHz. Silknet currently remains the only MNO in Georgia without 5G-specific licenses and has the smallest 5G coverage. | 1.965 (November 2024) | Silk Road Group | 28201 |
| 3 | Cellfie (formerly Beeline) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced, VoLTE, VoWifi coming soon 5G – Currently in skiing resorts Bakuriani and Gudauri, seaside resorts Batumi, Gonio, Kvariati, Shekvetili, Kobuleti, as well as some of Tbilisi's neighbourhoods, such as Didube and Didi Dighomi. There is also coverage in Zugdidi. 5G is on 10 MHz (2X5 MHz) frequency resource, within the Uplink 703 - 708 MHz and Downlink 758 - 763 MHz resources; 50 MHz frequency resource within the 3550-3600 MHz resource. Cellfie also owns licenses for 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz. | 1.308 (November 2024) | CBS Group | 28204 |
| Operators in Abkhazia ||||||
| | Aquafon | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800 MHz LTE | N/A | Aquafon JSC | 28967 (MCC is not listed by ITU) |
| | A-Mobile | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE | N/A | A-Mobile LLSC | 28988 (MCC is not listed by ITU) |
| Operators in South Ossetia ||||||
| | MegaFon | GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/1800 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE | N/A | CJSC Ostelkom (branding licence agreement with MegaFon) | 25002 |

## Germany

Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate (December 2011).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telekom (formerly D1 DeTeMobil, T-Mobile) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 66.920 (Q3 2024) | Deutsche Telekom AG | 26201 |
| 2 | O$_2$ (formerly VIAG Interkom) • Includes the previous E-Plus network. | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 44.990 (Q4 2024) | Telefónica S.A. (96.8%), free float (3.2%) | 26203 |
| 3 | Vodafone Germany (formerly D2 Mannesmann) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 29.398 (Q3 2024) | Vodafone Group plc | 26202 |
| 4 | 1&1 | 2600 MHz LTE 3600 MHz 5G NR (Roams on Vodafone where there is no 1&1 coverage) VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 12.380 (Q3 2024) | United Internet AG (78.32%), free float (18.26%), TGW Logistics Group (3.00%), others (0,42 %) | 26223 |

## Gibraltar

Gibraltar, the British overseas territory, has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate (December 2009).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Gibtelecom | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A | 0.022 | Government of Gibraltar | 26601 |

## Greece

In 2022, Greece had 11.326 million subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate. The regulatory authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | COSMOTE | 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 7.373 (Q2 2023) | OTE A.E. (Deutsche Telekom AG 54.3%) | 20201, 20202 |
| 2 | Vodafone (formerly Panafon) • Includes the previous CYTA Hellas network. | 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 4.326 (Q3 2025) | Vodafone Group (100%) | 20205 (Vodafone), 20214 (CYTA Hellas) |
| 3 | NOVA (formerly TELESTET, TIM, WIND) • Includes the previous Q-TELECOM network. | 900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 3.200(Q3 2023) | United Group B.V. | 20209 (Q-TELECOM), 20210 (NOVA) |

## Guernsey

The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate (December 2005).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Sure | GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS LTE | Not yet available | Batelco | 23455 |
| 2 | JT | GSM-1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE | Not yet available | JT Group | 23450 |
| 3 | Airtel-Vodafone | GSM-1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE | 0.45 | Batelco | 23403 |

## Hungary

Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total (December 2017).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Magyar Telekom (formerly Westel 900, Westel, T-Mobile) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Yettel) 700/2100 MHz 5G NR (DSS) | 5.582 (Q3 2021) | Deutsche Telekom AG (61.39%), free float (40.79%) | 21630 |
| 2 | Yettel (formerly Pannon GSM, Pannon, Telenor HU) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Magyar Telekom) 3500 MHz 5G NR/5G SA | 3.449 (Q2 2021) | e& PPF Telecom Group | 21601 |
| 3 | One (formerly Vodafone) | • Includes the previous UPC Hungary and DIGI Mobile and Line 21 networks. | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700 MHz 5G NR (DSS) | 3.003 (Q3 2023) | 4iG (70.5%) and Government of Hungary (29.5%) | 21670 |
*900 MHz Hungarian 3G services have been suspended since July 2022.

## Iceland

Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate (July 2019).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Síminn (formerly Landssíminn) | GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS 700/1800/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 3600 MHz 5G NR | 0.173 (July 2019) | Síminn | 27401 |
| 2 | Nova | 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz 5G NR | 0.155 (July 2019) | Nova | 27411 |
| 3 | Vodafone (formerly Og Vodafone, Íslandssími) | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE | 0.130 (July 2019) | Sýn | 27402 |

## Ireland

As the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.
If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Three • Includes the previous O$_2$ network | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, eSIM | 3.447 (Q2 2022) 1.618 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022) | CK Hutchison Holdings | 27205 (Three), 27202 (O$_2$) |
| 2 | Vodafone (formerly Eircell) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC‑HSPA+ * 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS, AML, eSIM * 3G Network has been fully shutdown in 2024 | 2.154 (Q3 2025) | Vodafone Group plc | 27201 |
| 3 | eir (formerly Meteor) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 1.498 (Q3 2024) 1.164 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q2 2024) | Iliad (31.6%), NJJ (32.9%) | 27203 |

## Isle of Man

The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Manx Telecom | GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE | Not yet available | Basalt Investment Partners | 23458 |
| 2 | Sure | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHzLTE, LTE-A | Not yet available | Batelco | 23436 |

## Italy

As of March 2022, Italy has 106.5 million active lines in total, or a 174% penetration rate. The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM.
In 2016 3 Italy and Wind agreed to complete a merger that was approved by European and national authorities, and since March 2020 all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre.
A new operator, Iliad entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger.
In 2024 Swisscom acquired Vodafone Italy from Vodafone Group with the aim of merging it with its subsidiary Fastweb.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (Lines in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Wind Tre (formerly 3 Italy and Wind) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE), UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1800/2600/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 18.817 (Q4 2022) (Includes Very Mobile) | CK Hutchison Holdings | 22288 and 22299 |
| 2 | TIM (formerly SIP) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 18.438 (Q4 2022) (Includes Kena Mobile) | TIM Group | 22201 |
| 3 | Vodafone Italy (formerly Omnitel) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, AML | 17.206 (Q3 2024) (Includes ho-mobile) | Swisscom | 22210 |
| 4 | Iliad | Roaming on Wind Tre 2G 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (RAN sharing on Wind Tre 3G/4G where needed, and also 5G in Zefiro Net areas) 700/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR AML, VoLTE | 11.285 (Q2 2024) | Iliad Group | 22250 |
| 5 | Fastweb | Roaming on TIM and Wind Tre 2G/3G/4G/5G 28000 MHz 5G NR (FWA only) VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 3.087 (Q4 2022) | Swisscom | 22208 |

## Jersey

| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | JT | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE | Not yet available | JT Group | 23450 |
| 2 | Sure | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE | Not yet available | Batelco | 23455 |
| 3 | Airtel-Vodafone | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE | 0.45 | Batelco | 23403 |

## Kosovo

Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate (June 2018). As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and are currently under deployment.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in %) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Vala | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR | 51.95% (Q2 2018) | Government of Kosovo | 22101 |
| 2 | Ipko | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR | 36.07% (Q2 2018) | Telekom Slovenije | 22102 |

## Latvia

Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate (December 2009).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | LMT | GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1500/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE | 1.451 (Q1 2024) | Telia (49%), Tet (Possessor (51%) and Telia (49%)) (23%), Latvian State Radio and Television Centre (LVRTC) (23%), Possessor (5%) | 24701 |
| 2 | Tele2 | GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 1.065 (Q3 2024) | Tele2 | 24702 |
| 3 | Bitė | GSM-900 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.554 (Q1 2024) | Providence Equity Partners | 24705 |
| 4 | Triatel | 450 MHz CDMA2000 | | | 24703 |
| 5 | Xomobile | International mobile network based in Latvia | | | 24709 |

## Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate (April 2015).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | FL1 [de] (formerly Mobilkom Liechtenstein AG) | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/2100/2600 MHz LTE | not available | State-owned | 29505 |
| 2 | 7acht (formerly Orange FL) | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE | not available | Salt Mobile | 29502 |
| 3 | Swisscom FL | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 900/1800/2100 MHz LTE VoLTE | not available | Swisscom | 29501 |
The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, and customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.

## Lithuania

Lithuania has 4.49 million subscribers in total, or a 161% penetration rate (Q4 2023).
Each of the three largest network operators have flanker brands – Pildyk (Tele2), Ežys (Telia) and Labas (Bite).
The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba (RRT).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Tele2 | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 2.125 (Q3 2024) | Tele2 | 24603 |
| 2 | Telia Lietuva (formerly Omnitel, Teo LT) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500*/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 1.63 (Q1 2024) | Telia Company | 24601 |
| 3 | Bitė • includes the previous Mezon network. | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 2300 MHz TDD, 2600 MHz TDD - 5G NR | 1.19 (Q1 2024) | Providence Equity Partners | 24602 24608 • includes the previous Mezon network. |

## Luxembourg

Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate (December 2009).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange | GSM-1800 (EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.225 (Q4 2022) | Orange Belgium | 27099 |
| 2 | Tango | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.295 (Q4 2022) | Proximus Group | 27077 |
| 3 | POST | GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.250 | POST Luxembourg | 27001 |
| 4 | Luxembourg Online | 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA | Not yet available | Luxembourg Online | 27005 |

## Malta

Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate (June 2023).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Epic (formerly Telecell, Vodafone) | GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.278 (June 2023) | Monaco Telecom | 27801 |
| 2 | GO (formerly MALTACOM) | GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.251 (June 2023) | Tunisie Telecom (65.42%), public (34.58%) | 27821 |
| 3 | Melita | 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.173 (June 2023) | EQT AB (pending sale to Goldman Sachs Alternatives) | 27877 |

## Moldova

Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate (2012).
The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE | 2.097 (Q3 2021) | Orange S.A. (94.3%) | 25901 |
| 2 | Moldcell | GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE | 1.4 (2020) | CG Corp Global | 25902 |
| 3 | Moldtelecom | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A | 0.459 (2020) | Moldtelecom | 25903,25905,25999 |
| 4 | Interdnestrcom operating in Transnistria region only | 800 MHz LTE VoLTE | 0.291 (2012) | Sheriff | 25906 |

## Monaco

Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate (December 2009).
The French networks are also widely available in Monaco, but they do not disclose subscriber figures for Monaco.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Monaco Telecom | 900 MHz GSM 900/2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE 3500 MHz 5G NR | 0.021 | NJJ 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45% | 21210 |

## Montenegro

Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate (October 2013).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is (Agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštansku djelatnost).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers!! style="width:32%;"| Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | m:tel | GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE | 37% (Dec 2023) | 51% Telekom Srbija, 49% Telekom Srpske | 29703 |
| 2 | Crnogorski Telekom | GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 36% (Dec 2023) | Hrvatski Telekom (76.53%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%), free float (23.47%) | 29702 |
| 3 | One Montenegro | GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 900/1800/2100 MHz LTE 700/3600 MHz 5G NR | 27% (Dec 2023) | 4iG | 29701 |

## Netherlands

The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate (Q1 2023).
The regulatory authorities for telecommunication in the Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM: Autoriteit Consument & Markt) and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI: Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Odido (formerly T-Mobile, Ben) • Includes the previous Tele2 and Orange (Dutchtone) networks. | 900/2100* MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+** *Only active on sites without low-band antennas. **3G to be discontinued from 1 August 2026 800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/3500 MHz 5G NR ***detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website | 6.853 (Q2 2021) | WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V. (Warburg Pincus 50%, Apax Partners 50%) | 20416 and 20402 |
| 2 | KPN • Includes the previous Telfort (O$_2$ Netherlands) network. | 900* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) *2G to be discontinued as of 1 December 2027 800/900/1500/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 450 MHz CDMA (Smart meters only) **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website | 5.563 (Q3 2021) | Koninklijke KPN | 20408 |
| 3 | Vodafone (formerly Libertel) | 900/1800* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) *Only active on sites without low-band antennas. 800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/1800**/3500 MHz 5G NR **using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) ***detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website | 5.580 (Q2 2025) | VodafoneZiggo (Vodafone Group 50%, Liberty Global 50%) | 20404 |

## North Macedonia

North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate (Q3 2012).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEC.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, MOBIMAK) | GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, 700/3600 MHz 5G NR | 1.211 (Q3 2021) | Magyar Telekom (51.00%) (Stone Bridge Communications) | 29401 |
| 2 | A1 (formerly one, Vip, Cosmofon) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, 700/3600 MHz 5G NR | 1.084 (Q2 2021) | A1 Group | 29403 |

## Norway

Norway has 5.730 million subscribers in total, or a 108.97% penetration rate (December 2016).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Norway is the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telenor | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) (2G to be discontinued in 2027) 3G discontinued in January 2021 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 2.600 (Q4 2024) | Telenor Government of Norway (54%) | 24201 |
| 2 | Telia (formerly NetCom) • Includes the previous Tele2 network. | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) (2G to be discontinued in 2025) 3G discontinued in November 2021 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 1.875 (Q4 2024) | Telia Company | 24202 |
| 3 | Ice (formerly Ice.net) | 700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE (Roams on Telenor network in areas without its own coverage from March 2025) VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 0.934 (Q4 2024) | Lyse AS | 24214, 24206 |

## Poland

Poland has 58.6 million subscribers in total (Q4 2020).
The country's telecom regulator is UKE (Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange (formerly Idea) | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (shares network with T-Mobile) | 17.939 (Q2 2024) | Orange S.A. (50.67%), free float (49.33%) | 26003 |
| 2 | Play | E-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi (for supported iOS/Android devices) (Roaming 2G/3G/LTE on Orange Poland* network) * available till 31.12.2025, on some areas already inactive. | 16.665 (Q2 2024) | Iliad S.A. | 26006 |
| 3 | Plus (formerly Plus GSM) | GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 420/900/1800/2100/2600/2600TDD MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/2600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 13.086 (Q2 2024) | Grupa Polsat Plus | 26001 |
| 4 | T-Mobile (formerly Era) | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (shares network with Orange) | 12.640 (Q2 2024) | Deutsche Telekom AG | 26002 |

## Portugal

Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate (13.1 million active subscribers or 127.4% penetration rate) (Q3 2017).
The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | NOS (formerly Optimus) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 6.118 (Q3 2024) | NOS | 26803 |
| 2 | MEO (formerly TMN) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3600 MHz 5G NR | 5.698 (Q2 2024) | Altice | 26806 |
| 3 | Vodafone (formerly Telecel) | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz 5G NR | 4.796 (Q3 2025) | Vodafone Group plc | 26801 |
| 4 | DIGI (New Network) | 900/1800/2600/3500 (technologies to be confirmed) | x.xxx (Q2 2024) | Digi Communications N.V. | 26802 |

## Romania

Romania has 23.4 million active subscribers in total, or a 107% penetration rate (2023). The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange | GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (3G phase out 2025) 700(B28)/800(B20)/900(B8)/1500(B32)/1800(B3)/2100(B1)/2600(B7) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G | 9.3 (Q2 2024) | Orange S.A. | 22610 |
| 2 | Digi | GSM-900 (no GPRS, no EDGE) 800(B20)/900(B8)/2100(B1)/2600 FDD(B7)/2600 TDD(B38) LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2600FDD/ 2600TDD/3500 MHz 5G | 6.6 (Q4 2024) | Digi Communications N.V. | 22605 |
| 3 | Vodafone | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (3G phase out ongoing as of 2025, already turned off in some cities) 700(B28)/800(B20)/900(B8)/1800(B3)/2100(B1) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G | 6.2 (Q3 2024) | Vodafone Group plc | 22601 |
| 4 | Telekom (formerly Cosmorom, Cosmote) | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800(B20)/900(B8)/1800(B3)/2100(B1)/2600(B7) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100 MHz 5G | 3.6 (Q2 2024) | OTE (Deutsche Telekom AG 54.3%) | 22603 |

## Russia

The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor (RKN).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | Mobile country code |
| Big four mobile network operators ||||||
| 1 | MTS | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, VoLTE 800/900/1800 MHz NB-IoT, 4900 MHz 5G NR | 81.9 (Q3 2024) | PJSC Sistema (42.09%), PJSC MTS (1.93%), free float (50.03%) | 25001 |
| 2 | MegaFon | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2500/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE | 77.26 (Q2 2024) | OOO USM Holdings (50%), OOO AF Telecom Holdings (50%) | 25002 |
| 3 | t2 | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 450/800/900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE | 48.0 (Q3 2024) | PJSC Rostelecom | 25020 |
| 4 | Beeline | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE | 44.1 (Q3 2023) | PJSC VimpelCom | 25099 |
| Regional mobile network operators ||||||
| 5 | MOTIV Coverage: Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Khanty-Mansi, Yamalo-Nenets | GSM-1800 MHz 1800/2500 MHz LTE, VoLTE | 2.5 (2024) | OOO EKATERINBURG-2000 | 25035 |
| 6 | Tattelecom Coverage: Tatarstan | GSM-1800 MHz 1800 MHz LTE | 2.0 (2024) | PJSC Tattelecom | 25027 |
| 7 | Phoenix Coverage: Donetsk | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE | 1.5 (2023) | SUE DPR "ROS" | 25097 |
| 8 | MKS Coverage: Luhansk | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 900/1800/2600 MHz LTE | 1.0 (2022) | OOO MKS | 25098 |
| 9 | K-Telecom Coverage: Crimea, Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kherson | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 2600 MHz LTE | 0.5 (2021) | OOO K-Telecom | 25032, 25096 |
| 10 | Miranda Coverage: Crimea, Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kherson | GSM-900 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 450 MHz LTE | 0.5 (2024) | OOO Miranda-Media | 25054 |
| 11 | Vainah Telecom Coverage: Chechnya | GSM-900/1800 MHz 2300 MHz LTE | 0.1 (2020) | JSC Vainah Telecom | 25008 |

## San Marino

San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate (December 2013).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | TIM San Marino | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A | | TIM | 22201 |
| 2 | Telefonia Mobile Sammarinese | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Uses the TIM network) | 0.019 (February 2012) | Telecom Italia San Marino (51%) | 22201 |
| 3 | Prima | GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ | | San Marino Telecom | 29201 |

## Serbia

Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the three-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate (December 2013).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in %) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | MTS | 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM | 44% (Q4 2023) | Telekom Srbija | 22003 |
| 2 | Yettel | 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM) | 32% (Q4 2023) | e& PPF Telecom Group | 22001 |
| 3 | A1 | 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM, Multi-SIM) | 24% (Q4 2023) | A1 Group | 22005 |

## Slovakia

Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the three-month customer activity base (October 2019).
The regulatory authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb (RÚ).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Orange (formerly Globtel, Slovtel) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro (Allows 4ka to access 900 and 2100 MHz)700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS | 2.384 (Q1 2024) | Orange S.A. | 23101, 23105 |
| 2 | O$_2$ (formerly Telefónica, O2 Telefónica) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) (Roaming on Telekom Slovakia (2G) when needed) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1800/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS | 2.372 (Q4 2023) | e& PPF Telecom Group | 23106 |
| 3 | Telekom (formerly Eurotel, T-Mobile) | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 2600 MHz TD-LTE 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR (3600 MHz only in Bratislava)VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS | 2.219 (Q4 2023) | Deutsche Telekom AG | 23102, 23104 |
| 4 | 4ka (SWAN) | 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) (Roaming on Orange Slovakia (2G, 4G (900, 2100 MHz) when out of native coverage) 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi, RCS 3600 MHz 5G NR | 0.630 (Q2 2024) | SWAN | 23103 |

## Slovenia

Slovenia has 2,773,689 subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate (Q3 2024).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telekom Slovenije (formerly Mobitel) | GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2600/3600 MHz - 5G NR | 1.005 (Q3 2024) Including Izimobil, Spar Mobil, Mega M, Novatel MOBIL, SoftNet mobil | Telekom Slovenije | 29341 |
| 2 | A1 (formerly Si.mobil) | GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR | 0.841 (Q3 2024) Including bob, Hotmobil, re:do | A1 Group | 29340 |
| 3 | Telemach (formerly Tušmobil) | GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2300 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 700/3600 MHz - 5G NR | 0.736 (Q3 2024) | United Group | 29370 |
| 4 | T-2 | 2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA (Roaming on A1 (2G/LTE/5G, VoLTE) network when needed) 2100 MHz LTE 2300 MHz - 5G NR | 0.191 (Q3 2024) | Garnol (pending sale to Telemach) | 29364 |

## Spain

Spain has 59.528 million subscribers in total, or a 123.80% penetration rate (Apr 2024).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia).
Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Movistar | 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoNR, VoWiFi, ViLTE | 16.034 (Apr 2024) | Telefónica | 21407 |
| 2 | Orange (formerly Amena) | 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 12.861 (Apr 2024) | MásOrange | 21403 |
| 3 | Vodafone (formerly Airtel) | 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 13.5 (Feb 2025) | Zegona Communications | 21401 |
| 4 | Yoigo | 1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Roams on Orange and Movistar where there is no Yoigo coverage) 3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE | 12.641 (Apr 2024) | Grupo MásMóvil (MásOrange) | 21404 |

## Sweden

Sweden has 14.3 million subscribers in total, approximately 140% penetration rate (2020). The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.
There are four main network operators, and they share various 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G network infrastructure through co-ownership in separate network companies. Tele2 and Telenor share network infrastructure through their company Net4Mobility. Telia and Tele2 share network infrastructure through UMTS Nät AB. Tre and Telenor share network infrastructure through 3GIS.
Sweden also has a number of flanker brands and virtual operators, most notable are Halebop, Comviq, Fello, Hallon, Vimla, Mybeat, Tellusmobil and Chilimobil.
Some of world's largest producers of mobile network equipment have strong ties to Sweden. Ericsson is based in Sweden while Nokia, Siemens, Huawei and ZTE have major research centers in the country, often clustered around Kista and Lund.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Telia | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR | 3.853 (Q4 2024) | Telia Company | 24001 |
| 2 | Telenor (formerly Vodafone) | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR | 2.993 (Q4 2024) | Telenor | 24008 |
| 3 | Tele2 | GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR | 2.151 (Q4 2024) | Tele2 AB (Freya Investissement (Iliad/NJJ) 19.88%) | 24007 |
| 4 | Tre | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/2100/2600 MHz FD-LTE, 2600 MHz TD-LTE, LTE-A 2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi | 2.378 (Q3 2022) | CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) | 24002 |

## Switzerland

Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate (December 2014).
The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Swisscom | 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/900/1500 (FDD SDL)/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR | 6.378 | Partially state-owned (50% plus one share), free float (49%) | 22801 |
| 2 | Sunrise (formerly diAx) | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 900/3500 MHz 5G NR | 2.590 (Q3 2021) | Free float (100%) | 22802 |
| 3 | Salt (formerly Orange CH) | 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR | 2.141 (Q3 2014) | NJJ | 22803 |

## Turkey

Turkey has 94.5 million subscribers in total, or a 110.7% penetration rate (Q3 2024).
The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK : Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu).
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership |
| 1 | Turkcell | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) | 38.72 (Q3 2024) | Turkey Wealth Fund (26.2%), LetterOne (19.8%), free float (54%) |
| 2 | Vodafone Turkey (formerly Telsim) | GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) | 28.79 (Q3 2024) | Vodafone Group plc |
| 3 | Türk Telekom (formerly Avea, Aria, Aycell) | GSM 900 (only in rural areas)/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) | 26.99 (Q3 2024) | Türk Telekom (Turkey Wealth Fund (60%), Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey) (25%), free float (15%)) |

## Ukraine

Ukraine has 55.860 million subscribers in total, or a 129.8% penetration rate (October 2018).
The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | Kyivstar* (Including previous Beeline Ukraine network) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE | 23.4 (Q2 2024) | VEON (LetterOne (45.5%), The Stichting (7.9%), Lingotto Investment Management LLP (7.2%), Shah Capital Management Inc. (6.8%), free float 32.6%) | 25503 |
| 2 | Vodafone* (formerly MTS Ukraine, UMC) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A | 15.9 (Q2 2024) | Bakcell | 25501 |
| 3 | lifecell* (formerly life:) | 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWi-Fi | 9.8 (Q2 2024) | DVL Telecom (NJJ 85%) | 25506 |
| 4 | Intertelecom | 800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO rel.0, rev. A (Network in Odesa region only until 01.01.2025) | 0.885 (Q4 2021) | Odinaco Ltd (49%), Viktor Gushan (35.7%) | 25504 |
| 5 | TriMob* | 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA (Own 3G network in Kyiv city centre only.) (as Utel) Free 2G/3G roaming on Vodafone network available. | 0.078 (Q4 2021) as TriMob 0.054 (Q4 2021) as Lycamobile | Ukrtelecom | 25507 |
| 6 | PEOPLEnet | 800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO (Network in Dnipropetrovsk region only until 01.01.2025) | 0.036 (Q4 2021) | Telesystemy Ukrainy | 25521 |
*Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the national roaming among other operators is free and it includes voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speed up to 512 kbit/s.

## United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has 92 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate (Q3 2018).
The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom.
| Rank | Operator | Technology | Subscribers (in millions) | Ownership | MCC / MNC |
| 1 | O2 | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2300/2600 MHz TD-LTE 700/900/2100/2300/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 23.2 (Q4 2024) (Includes Giffgaff) | Virgin Media O2 (50% Telefónica, 50% Liberty Global) | 23410 |
| 2 | EE | 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600/5200 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 20.9 (Q3 2024) (Includes BT Mobile) | BT Group | 23430 and 23433 |
| 3 | Vodafone | 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE 900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML | 18.3 (Q4 2024) (Includes VOXI) | Vodafone Group plc | 23415 |
| 4 | Three | 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1500/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS | 10.9 (Q3 2024) (Includes SMARTY) | CK Hutchison Holdings | 23420 |