# San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area

The San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area, most commonly known as the San Juan metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de San Juan), is the largest and most populous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, concentrated in the capital municipality of San Juan and surrounding municipalities, including Bayamón, Caguas, and Carolina, on the northeastern coastal plain of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it is within the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 primary statistical areas in the archipelago as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, the estimated population of the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area is 842,535 in municipalities in the continuous conurbation and 1,193,198 in municipalities outside the urban area, making it the fourth largest in the Caribbean.

## PSan Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area

The San Juan metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de San Juan), also simply known as the área metro (metro area), is the sprawling area concentrated in the capital municipality of San Juan, and the surrounding municipalities of Bayamón, Carolina, Guaynabo, Trujillo Alto, and Cataño. Occasionally, the suburb of Levittown in the municipality of Toa Baja is included within the statistical area. Forming a continuous conurbation, these populous municipalities are considered to be the urban or "greater" area of the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area (MSA). This highly urbanized region is also commonly referred to as the área metropolitana de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico metropolitan area), as it is the primary metropolitan area in the archipelago and island. However, it is only one of six metropolitan areas in Puerto Rico.

### Municipalities

With an area of 1,438 sq mi (3,725 km$^2$) and an estimated population of 842,535 in municipalities in the conurbation and 1,193,198 in municipalities outside the urban area, the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area (MSA) is the largest and most populous in Puerto Rico, covering 40 of 78 municipalities in the eastern half of the main island. San Juan, Bayamón, Caguas, and Guaynabo are considered to be its principal cities. As of 2023, the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area is the 36th most populated in the United States between the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA and the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA MSA.
* San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area (MSA)
** Conurbation (6 municipalities)
*** San Juan Pop: 333,005
*** Bayamón Pop: 180,835
*** Carolina Pop: 150,843
*** Guaynabo Pop: 89,039
*** Trujillo Alto Pop: 66,705
*** Cataño Pop: 22,108
** Outside urban area (34 municipalities)
*** Caguas Pop: 124,608
*** Toa Baja Pop: 71,888
*** Toa Alta Pop: 65,957
*** Vega Baja Pop: 53,527
*** Humacao Pop: 49,712
*** Río Grande Pop: 45,568
*** Canóvanas Pop: 41,513
*** Cayey Pop: 40,525
*** Gurabo Pop: 39,971
*** Cidra Pop: 39,418
*** Manatí Pop: 38,665
*** San Lorenzo Pop: 37,264
*** Juncos Pop: 36,684
*** Dorado Pop: 35,702
*** Las Piedras Pop: 34,750
*** Vega Alta Pop: 34,638
*** Corozal Pop: 34,348
*** Fajardo Pop: 31,166
*** Naranjito Pop: 29,282
*** Barranquitas Pop: 29,020
*** Yabucoa Pop: 28,897
*** Morovis Pop: 28,197
*** Aibonito Pop: 24,602
*** Aguas Buenas Pop: 23,274
*** Naguabo Pop: 22,838
*** Barceloneta Pop: 22,376
*** Loíza Pop: 22,302
*** Orocovis Pop: 21,204
*** Comerío Pop: 18,601
*** Luquillo Pop: 17,386
*** Ciales Pop: 16,691
*** Florida Pop: 11,525
*** Ceiba Pop: 10,834
*** Maunabo Pop: 10,266

### Topography

Comprising San Juan, Bayamón, Carolina, Guaynabo, Trujillo Alto, and Cataño, the conurbation or urban area of the San Juan metropolitan area is generally on the eastern part of the northern coastal plain of the main island of Puerto Rico. However, of the six municipalities within the urban area, only Cataño is completely situated on the coastal plain. In contrast, only the northern parts of San Juan, Bayamón, Carolina, Guaynabo, and Trujillo Alto are on the coastal plain, as the southern parts of Bayamón and Guayabo are on the hilly terrain of the Northern Karst Belt, and those of Carolina and Trujillo Alto are on the mountainous terrain of the Sierra de Luquillo. Less populated and restricted by rugged topography, these outer areas are mostly rural.
Roughly covering the eastern half of the main island of Puerto Rico, the topography of the 34 municipalities outside the urban area of the San Juan metropolitan area varies between the eastern and southern coastal plains, the Caguas Valley, the Yabucoa Valley, the North Karst Belt, and the Cordillera Central, Sierra de Cayey, and Sierra de Luquillo mountain subranges.
* Outside urban core
** Northern coastal plain and Northern Karst Belt
*** Barceloneta, Manatí, Vega Baja, Vega Alta, Corozal, Dorado, Toa Alta, and Toa Baja
** Northern Karst Belt and Cordillera Central
*** Ciales, Morovis, and Naranjito
** Northern Karst Belt
*** Florida
** Cordillera Central
*** Orocovis, Barranquitas, Comerío, Aguas Buenas, and Cidra
** Northern coastal plain and Sierra de Luquillo
*** Canóvanas, Loíza, Rio Grande, and Luquillo
** Eastern coastal plain and Sierra de Luquillo
*** Fajardo, Ceiba, and Naguabo
** Caguas Valley and Sierra de Luquillo
*** Gurabo, Juncos, and Las Piedras
** Caguas Valley and eastern coastal plain
*** Humacao
** Caguas Valley and Sierra de Cayey
*** Caguas and San Lorenzo
** Sierra de Cayey
*** Aibonito and Cayey
** Sierra de Cayey and southern coastal plain
*** Maunabo
** Caguas Valley, Sierra de Cayey, and Yabucoa Valley
*** Yabucoa
Aside from an urbanized, densely populated downtown area and administrative center, categorized as a barrio and known as a pueblo, and concentrated urbanized residential areas with large populations, these municipalities are mostly rural, particularly those furtherest way, in distance and elevation, from the inner urban core around the capital, San Juan. Generally, low-lying areas along or near the shoreline in coastal municipalities, like those found in Vega Baja and Humacao, are greatly more urbanized and populated than inland, karstic, and mountainous areas, especially in elevated and interior municipalities like Orocovis, which is strictly rural and sparsely populated.

## San Juan–Bayamón combined area

The San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA) comprises the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas, Arecibo, and Guayama, and the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs) of Coco, Utuado, and Lares. It is the largest and most populous of three combined statistical areas in Puerto Rico.

### Municipalities

The San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area includes three metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), three micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), covering 50 of 78 municipalities in eastern and central of the main island of Puerto Rico.
In 2009, the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area comprised 68.9% of total population in Puerto Rico. The 2010 census placed the population at 2,728,791, a 4.16% increase over the 2000 census figure of 2,622,876. The 2020 census placed the population at 2,414,593, a 11.51% decrease over the 2010 census figure of 2,728,791.
With an estimated population of 2,360,082 as of 2023, the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area is the most populous CSA in Puerto Rico and the 32nd most populous CSA in the United States between the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA and the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA.
* Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
** San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan statistical area (40 municipalities)
*** See municipalities above
** Arecibo metropolitan statistical area (4 municipalities)
*** Arecibo Pop: 85,641
*** Hatillo Pop: 37,950
*** Camuy Pop: 32,625
*** Quebradillas Pop: 23,254
** Guayama metropolitan statistical area (3 municipalities)
*** Guayama Pop: 34,765
*** Patillas Pop: 15,347
*** Arroyo Pop: 15,078
* Micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs)
** Lares micropolitan statistical area (1 municipality)
*** Lares Pop: 27,729
** Utuado micropolitan statistical area (1 municipality)
*** Utuado Pop: 27,242
** Coco micropolitan statistical area (1 municipality)
*** Salinas Pop: 27,128

### Topography

Comprising Arecibo, Hatillo, Camuy, and Quebradillas, the Arecibo metropolitan area is completely situated on the Northern Karst Belt in the northwestern region of the main island of Puerto Rico. The 3 municipalities in the Guayama metropolitan area–Patillas, Arroyo, and Guayama–are situated between the southern coastal plain and the Sierra de Cayey mountain subrange in the southeastern region of the main island. Both the Lares and Utuado micropolitan areas are situated between the Northern Karst Belt and the Cordillera Central mountain subrange in the western central region of the main island, while the Cocos micropolitan area of Salinas is situated between the southern coastal plain and the Sierra de Cayey mountain subrange in the southeastern region of the main island.
All municipalities have an urbanized, densely populated downtown area and administrative center, categorized as a barrio and known as a pueblo, and concentrated urbanized residential areas with large populations, which lie on low-lying regions along the coastline. The inland and mountainous parts of the municipalities are strictly rural and sparsely populated.

## Other statistical areas

In addition to the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA), Puerto Rico has two more combined statistical areas: the Mayagüez–Aguadilla CSA and the Ponce–Coamo CSA. The first is divided into two metropolitan statistical areas, the Mayagüez MSA and Aguadilla MSA, while the second is divided into one metropolitan statistical area, the Ponce MSA, and one micropolitan statistical area, the Coamo μSA. These statistical areas cover 22 of 78 municipalities in Puerto Rico.

### Municipalities

* Mayagüez–Aguadilla combined statistical area (CSA)
** Aguadilla metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (7 municipalities)
*** Aguadilla Pop: 53,622
*** Isabela Pop: 42,794
*** San Sebastián Pop: 38,926
*** Aguada Pop: 37,528
*** Moca Pop: 37,325
*** Añasco Pop: 24,815
*** Rincón Pop: 15,425
** Mayagüez metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (6 municipalities)
*** Mayagüez Pop: 69,798
*** Cabo Rojo Pop: 46,665
*** San Germán Pop: 30,996
*** Lajas Pop: 22,872
*** Sabana Grande Pop: 22,210
*** Hormigueros Pop: 15,336
* Ponce–Coamo combined statistical area (CSA)
** Ponce metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (7 municipalities)
*** Ponce Pop: 130,251
*** Juana Díaz Pop: 45,919
*** Yauco Pop: 32,406
*** Villalba Pop: 21,285
*** Peñuelas Pop: 19,563
*** Adjuntas Pop: 17,900
*** Guayanilla Pop: 16,813
** Coamo micropolitan statistical area (μSA) (2 municipalities)
*** Coamo Pop: 33,662
*** Santa Isabel Pop: 19,693

## No statistical area

As of 2023, there are 6 of 78 municipalities with less than 15,000 inhabitants that are not part of any statistical area in Puerto Rico.
* No statistical area
** Six municipalities
*** Jayuya Pop: 14,435
*** Guánica Pop: 12,415
*** Las Marías Pop: 8,672
*** Vieques Pop: 7,999
*** Maricao Pop: 4,523
*** Culebra Pop: 1,761