OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1888 in animation

Events in 1888 in animation.

## Events

* December 1: Charles-Émile Reynaud files a patent for his animated moving picture system Théâtre Optique. The patent was issued on 14 January 1889. Reynaud in the 1888 patent: "The aim of the apparatus is to obtain the illusion of motion, which is no longer limited to the repetition of the same poses at each turn of the instrument, as is necessary in all known apparatus (Zootropes, Praxinoscopes, etc.), but Having, on the contrary, an indefinite variety and duration, and thus producing real scenes animated by unlimited development. Hence the name of Optical Theater given by the inventor to this apparatus" (translated from French).
* Date uncertain - Charles-Émile Reynaud creates the animated film Un bon bock (A Good Beer). It consisted of 700 individually painted 6 x 6 cm pictures in a 50 meter long flexible strip. Reynaud manipulated the speed and repeated movements by moving the film back and forth through the projector to tell a visual story that lasted close to fifteen minutes. The film would not be exhibited to the public until 1892.

## Births
### January

* January 22: Win Smith, Canadian-American animator and comics artist (Penguin Pete, Looney Luke, Mickey Mouse, Looney Tunes), (d. 1941).

### February

* February 1: Manuel Urda Marín, Spanish comics artist and animator, (d. 1974).

### March

* March 3: Seitarō Kitayama, Japanese animation director, credited with the first examples of commercial production of anime, (directed animated adaptations of The Crab and the Monkey, Urashima Tarō, and Momotarō), (d. 1945).
* March 12: Hall Johnson, American composer and choirmaster (voice of the Deacon Crow in Dumbo), (d. 1970).

### April

* April 6: Hans Richter, German film producer of animated films, painter, graphic artist, and art historian (pioneer of abstract animation, directed the animated short films Rhythmus 21, and Ghosts Before Breakfast), (d. 1976).
* April 17: Gwen Williams, American actress (voice of Mary in Mr. Bug Goes to Town), (d. 1962).

### September

* September 12: Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (sang the title song in The Aristocats), (d. 1972).

### October

* October 3: Claud Allister, English actor (voice of Sir Giles in The Reluctant Dragon, and Mr. Rat in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad), (d. 1970).

### December

* December 24: Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky, Russian animator, cinematographer, film director, and screenwriter, (directed The Skating Rink, one of the first traditionally animated Soviet cartoons, and Bolvashka's Adventures, the first Soviet short film that combined live-action and stop motion animation), (d. 1955).
# 1948 Villanova Wildcats football team

The 1948 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1948 college football season. The head coach was Jordan Olivar, coaching his sixth season with the Wildcats.
Villanova was ranked at No. 24 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.
The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | Texas A&M | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 34–14 | 35,000 |
| September 25 | at Army | Michie StadiumWest Point, NY | L 0–28 | |
| October 1 | Duquesne | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | W 46–0 | |
| October 8 | at Miami (FL) | Burdine StadiumMiami, FL | W 19–10 | |
| October 15 | at Boston College | Braves FieldBoston, MA | L 13–20 | 30,178 |
| October 30 | at Detroit | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit, MI | W 27–6 | 24,381 |
| November 6 | at Kentucky | Stoll Field/McLean StadiumLexington, KY | T 13–13 | 22,000 |
| November 13 | Georgetown | Shibe ParkPhiladelphia, PA | W 36–7 | 16,500 |
| November 20 | San Francisco | Shibe ParkPhiladelphia, PA | W 46–13 | 10,000 |
| November 27 | at NC State | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | W 21–7 | 8,500 |
| January 1 | vs. Nevada | Balboa StadiumSan Diego, CA (Harbor Bowl) | W 27–7 | 20,000 |
# Mughal conquest of Kashmir

The Mughal conquest of Kashmir was an invasion of the Kashmir Sultanate by the Mughal Empire in 1585–1589. After severe fighting and heavy casualties, the Mughals defeated the Kashmiris in the Battle of Hastivanj (10 October 1586) and annexed the sultanate into their empire as the Sarkar of Kashmir. Armed struggle against the Mughals continued until Yakub Shah's surrender in 1589.
# Oguri Cap

Oguri Cap (Japanese : オグリキャップ, 27 March 1985 – 3 July 2010) was a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse and stud, sired by Dancing Cap. Oguri Cap was inducted into the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 1991.

## Racing career

In May 1987 Oguri Cap made his debut at Kasamatsu Racecourse in Gifu Prefecture. After winning 9 starts in 11 races, including 7 consecutive victories and 4 stakes wins, he was transferred to the ownership of Chuo Horse Racing in January 1988 and recorded 13 more wins including four Grade I stakes, two Grade II stakes, and four Grade III stakes. Some of his biggest wins include the Mile Championship (G1), 2 wins in the Arima Kinen (Grand Prix) (G1), and a win in the Yasuda Kinen (G1). He also racked up victories in the New Zealand Trophy (G2), Takamatsunomiya Kinen (G2), and 2 wins in the Mainichi Ōkan (G2).
In 1988 Oguri Cap won JRA Best Three-Year-Old Colt and in 1990 he won JRA Best Older Male Horse and Japanese Horse of the Year. Nicknames include "Oguri" and the "Grey-Haired Monster".

### Other Major Racing Wins

* 1989 Sankei Sho All Comers (G3) [NSR]
* 1988 Mainichi Broadcast. Kyoto Yonsaitokubetsu (G3)
* 1988 Mainichi Hai (G3)
* 1988 Pegasus Stakes (G3)

## Retirement

After retirement in 1991, Oguri Cap was sent to the Yushun Stallion Station to stand stud. He was not able to produce any racers of his caliber, and in 2007 he was retired from stud duty. After retirement, he lived as a pensioned stallion at the Yushun Stallion Station. On July 3, 2010, he fractured one of the tibias in his legs, and was subsequently euthanized.

## Popular culture

An anthropomorphized version of Oguri Cap has made an appearance in the video game and anime Uma Musume Pretty Derby, and is also the main character of the manga Uma Musume Cinderella Gray.
In the manga/anime series Nichijou, one of character Mai Minakami's dogs is named Oguri Cap.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Oguri Cap :
| Sire Dancing Cap | Native Dancer | Polynesian | Unbreakable |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Native Dancer | Polynesian | Black Polly |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Native Dancer | Geisha | Discovery |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Native Dancer | Geisha | Miyako |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Merry Madcap | Grey Sovereign | Nasrullah |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Merry Madcap | Grey Sovereign | Kong |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Merry Madcap | Croft Lady | Golden Cloud |
| Sire Dancing Cap | Merry Madcap | Croft Lady | Land of Hope |
| Dam White Narubi | Silver Shark | Buisson Ardent | Relic |
| Dam White Narubi | Silver Shark | Buisson Ardent | Rose o'Lynn |
| Dam White Narubi | Silver Shark | Palsaka | Palestine |
| Dam White Narubi | Silver Shark | Palsaka | Masaka |
| Dam White Narubi | Never Narbi | Never Beat | Never Say Die |
| Dam White Narubi | Never Narbi | Never Beat | Bride Elect |
| Dam White Narubi | Never Narbi | Senju | Guersant |
| Dam White Narubi | Never Narbi | Senju | Star Narubi |
# Oregon truffle

Oregon truffle may refer to:
* Leucangium carthusianum, Oregon black truffle
* Tuber gibbosum, Oregon spring white truffle
* Tuber oregonense, Oregon winter white truffle
* Kalapuya brunnea, Oregon brown truffle
# 2025 Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats leadership election

The 2025 Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats leadership election was held on 9 February 2025 to elect a new chairperson of the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats.
Ingrida Šimonytė, the former Prime Minister of Lithuania, officially announced on 23 December 2024, that she will not be running for leader.
In late December 2024, it became clear who the candidates were: Arvydas Anušauskas, Daivaras Rybakovas, Laurynas Kasčiūnas, Radvilė Morkūnaitė-Mikulėnienė, and Žygimantas Pavilionis.

## Candidates
### Declared

| Candidate | Political office |
| Laurynas Kasčiūnas | Minister of National Defence (25 March 2024 – 11 December 2024) Member of the Seimas (present) |
| Radvilė Morkūnaitė-Mikulėnienė | Minister of Education, Science and Sports (27 June 2024 – 14 November 2024) Member of the European Parliament (14 July 2009 – 30 June 2014) Member of the Seimas (present) |
| Arvydas Anušauskas | Minister of National Defence (11 December 2020 – 25 March 2024) Member of Seimas (present) |
| Žygimantas Pavilionis | Member of the Seimas (present) |
| Daivaras Rybakovas | Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture (until August) |

## Results

Laurynas Kasčiūnas was elected chairman of the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD), securing nearly 80% of the vote.
# Bronisław Abramowicz

Bronisław Abramowicz (1837–1912) was a Polish painter, born in Załuchów.
In the years 1858-1861 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. He continued to study painting in the academy of fine arts in Munich and Vienna. He also graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. He painted historical paintings, genre scenes and portraits of hunting, including Bavarian King Ludwig III (1867). From 1868, he participated in exhibitions in Kraków. His works of art restoration are found in old churches of Kraków and his paintings in the national gallery.
# Den Hegarty

Denis Hegarty (born 13 September 1954) is an Irish rock and roll, doo-wop and a cappella singer, television presenter, and psychology lecturer.

## Biography
### Darts (1976–1978)

At an early age Hegarty moved to Brighton, England. Hegarty formed the 1950s styled band, Darts in August 1976, along with vocalists Rita Ray, Griff Fender and sax player Horatio Hornblower, all of whom he had played with in the band Rocky Sharpe & the Razors (pre-Rocky Sharpe and the Replays). His role in Darts was as the bass singer, songwriter, arranger and music director.
Described as "wild eyed", "wild haired and manic", "maniacal", and as a "kinetic and charismatic performer", Hegarty gave the group a distinctive, anarchic edge. As the former BBC radio executive Lesley Douglas later recalled of a 1970s gig: "I remember sitting in the front row terrified of the Darts singer Den Hegarty, because all the papers had said that he was the mad man of music and that he would dive into the crowd". Music journalist Will Hodgkinson recounted another incident, during a Spanish eurovision TV show in 1979, where "the grandiosity of the whole affair proved too much for the bug-eyed Hegarty, who felt compelled to jump into a fountain and roll around in it, mid-performance", before taking off his socks and wringing them down the neck of actress Sylvia Kristel. Dave Haslam recalled how Hegarty "had a thing for clambering on the speaker stacks at the side of the stage (by far the highlight of the set)".

### After Darts (1978–)

Hegarty left Darts in 1978. He signed to Mercury Records and released a solo single "Voodoo Voodoo" in March 1979 which was his only solo hit, reaching number 73 in the UK Singles Chart. The following year, he made a guest appearance on The Clash's album Sandinista!.
Hegarty moved into broadcasting, hosting the Tyne Tees Television show Alright Now. After working for BBC Radio 1 (presenting Talkabout), and featuring in three series of Jack Good's final television show, Let's Rock, he moved on to host the final series of Tiswas along with DJ Gordon Astley, comedian/impressionist Fogwell Flax, and Sally James. Hegarty's contributions included "inexplicably sitting in a bathtub full of baked beans or providing loud 'BONG's in his booming bass tones for a section aping the 10 o'clock news called News At Den". After the demise of Tiswas, Hegarty became a cable show quizmaster, and then took another direction providing voices for animated characters in television advertisements.
Hegarty lives with his wife and one son in Devon. As of 2014 he was working as a lecturer in psychology at Exeter College and with the Open University, but he is still singing. He has fronted an a cappella band called Slackapella, plus a 15-piece outfit called Soul Traders, and still sings with the doo-woppers, The Metrotones. Hegarty helped revive Darts in 2006 and still performs at occasional gigs with the reformed band.
# First Battle of Jalalabad Airport

The First Battle of Jalalabad Airport was a battle between fighters associated with the Afghan Interim Government and Afghan Armed Forces that took place at Jalalabad Airport on 6–8 March 1989. It was part of the Battle of Jalalabad and the greater Afghan Civil War that began after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989. A second battle broke out at the airport on 9 March 1989, where the airport was recaptured by the government.

## Background

In February 1989, the Soviet Union withdrew its forces from the Republic of Afghanistan as part of the Geneva Accords. In March 1989, the Afghan Interim Government launched an attack on the Eastern city of Jalalabad with the support of the Pakistani Inter-Service Intelligence. The Americans were reportedly motivated by their wish to humiliate the Marxists and send them out of Afghanistan, "clinging to their helicopters", thus avenge the fall of South Vietnam; Pakistan wished to establish a friendly government in Kabul led by the Peshawar Seven.
# Brock Sheahan

Brock Sheahan (born May 6, 1984) is a Canadian former ice hockey player and the head coach of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey team.

## Playing career

Sheahan played his college ice hockey at Notre Dame from 2004 to 2008. He recorded four goals and 29 assists in 161 games. He served as alternate captain his senior year, and helped lead the Irish to the Frozen Four for the first time in program history.
Following his collegiate career, he played four seasons in the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL), one season with the Wheeling Nailers, two seasons with the Cincinnati Cyclones and one with the Ontario Reign.

## Coaching career

On August 10, 2014, Sheahan was named an assistant coach for Holy Cross.
Following four years at Holy Cross, he then served as an associate head coach for the Chicago Steel of the United States Hockey League (USHL) for two years. On December 1, 2019, he was promoted to head coach of the Steel, after former head coach Greg Moore left midway through the 2019–20 season. He finished the 2019–20 with a record of 26–3–0–0, in a season that was shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and led the Steel to the Anderson Cup. He again led the Steel to the Anderson Cup during the 2020–21 season, and the Clark Cup in 2021. He finished his career with the Steel as the winningest coach in program history, with a record of 108–30–12–3, including the postseason.
On August 23, 2022, he was named head coach of the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL). During the 2022–23 season, he led the Wolves to a 35–29–5 regular season record.
On June 20, 2023, he was named an associate head coach for Notre Dame. On June 24, 2024, he was named the head coach in waiting for Notre Dame, after longtime head coach Jeff Jackson announced he would retire following the 2024–25 season. On March 17, 2025, he was officially named the head coach for Notre Dame.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference |
| Notre Dame Fighting Irish (Big Ten) (2025–present) ||||||
| 2025–26 | Notre Dame | 0–0–0 | 0–0–0 |
| Notre Dame: | Notre Dame: | 0–0–0 | 0–0–0 |
| Total: | Total: | 0–0–0 | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||

## Personal life

Sheahan's second cousin, Riley Sheahan, is a former professional ice hockey player.
# James Nallen

James Nallen (born 1973 in Castlebar) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the Mayo county team. He is the team's record appearance holder with 132.
He has worked as Chief Technical Officer at NUI Galway's School of Physics NUI Galway. His brother Tom and their uncle John also played for Mayo and Crossmolina.

## Playing career

Nallen played in five All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) finals, including an All-Ireland SFC final replay against Meath in 1996, and won two All Stars, in 1996 and 2004. He won a National Football League medal in 2001. However, he never won an All-Ireland SFC medal. He retired from inter-county football in 2010.
At club level Nallen won Mayo Senior Football Championship titles in 1995, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2006, as well as Connacht Senior Club Football Championship titles in 1999, 2000, 2002, and an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship title in 2001.
Nallen has been a selector for Mayo. He spent three seasons working as part of James Horan's management team. He served as "runner" during games.
# Change (Ray Wilson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Change is the first solo studio album by Ray Wilson, after his live album the previous year. He started to gain success after a series of sold-out gigs during the 2001 Edinburgh Festival. The album achieved a new form of success and he did a series of tour dates throughout Europe.

## Track listing (Regular edition)

* "Intro" (Ray Wilson) - 0:26
* "Goodbye Baby Blue" (R. Wilson) - 3:58
* "Change" (R. Wilson) - 4:09
* "Along the Way" (Steve Wilson) - 3:39
* "Yesterday" (R. Wilson) - 3:31
* "Beach" (R. Wilson) - 3:28
* "Cry If You Want To" (R. Wilson) - 3:27
* "Beautiful Child" (R. Wilson) - 2:57
* "She Fades Away" (S. Wilson) - 3:34
* "I Look for You There" (S. Wilson) - 0:55
* "Believe" (R. Wilson) - 3:03
* "Another Day" (R. Wilson) - 3:50
* "The Last Horizon" (R. Wilson) - 4:09

### Track listing (Special edition extra tracks)

* "Gouranga" (R. Wilson) - 4:48
* "Dark" (S. Wilson) - 4:55
* "Cool Water" (R. Wilson) - 3:54

### Track listing (2CD Tour edition)

* "No Son of Mine" (Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Mike Rutherford) - 4:47
* "Change" (R. Wilson) - 3:43
* "Follow You Follow Me" (Banks, Collins, Rutherford) - 3:43
* "Along the Way" (R. Wilson) - 3:40
* "Ripples" (Banks, Rutherford) - 4:07
* "Believe" (R. Wilson) - 3:13
* "One" (U2) - 4:42
* "Beach" (R. Wilson) - 3:15
* "I Know What I Like" (Banks, Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett, Rutherford) - 4:00
* "Fading Lights" (Banks, Collins, Rutherford) - 5:03

## Personnel

* Ray Wilson – vocals, acoustic piano, strings, guitars, bass guitar, mouth organ
* Uncle Jack – programming
* Brian McAlpine – accordion (1, 5, 8, 12, 13)
* Irvin Duguid – Wurlitzer electric piano (2, 4, 7, 9), Hammond organ (2, 4, 7, 9), strings (2, 4, 7, 9)
* Adam Holzman – Wurlitzer electric piano (3, 6)
* Paul Holmes – keyboards (14, 15), strings (14, 15)
* Steve Wilson – guitars, backing vocals
* Taj Wyzgowski – guitars (2, 3, 5), slide guitar (2, 3, 5), mandolin (2, 3, 5)
* Andy Hess – bass guitar (3, 6, 9, 12)
* David Paton – bass (4)
* John Haimes – bass (14, 15)
* Nir Z – drums (2-4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15), percussion (2-4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15)
* James Mackintosh – percussion (5)
* Jenny Gardner – violin (14)
* Ornette Clennon – clarinet (16)
* Amanda Lyon – vocals

### Production

* Ray Wilson – producer
* Uncle Jack – engineer, mixing
* Mark Finlay – mastering
* David Taylor – mastering
* CAVT (Las Vegas, Nevada) – mastering location
* Thomas Ewerhard – cover design, layout
* Scott Spence – cover design
* Bernie Velasco – photography
* Frajo Kromeich – management

## Singles

* "Change" (March 2003)
* "Change" (Radio Edit)
* "Change" (Album Version)
* "Change" (Radio Remix)
* "Gouranga" (Single Bonus Track)
* "Not About Us" (taken from Live & Acoustic)
* "Goodbye Baby Blue" (September 2003)
* "Goodbye Baby Blue" (Single Edit)
* "Goodbye Baby Blue" (Album Version)
* "Change" (Live Acoustic Version)
* "Ripples" (Live Acoustic Version)
* "Believe" (Live Acoustic Version)
# Choe Sang-Hun

Choe Sang-Hun (Korean: 최상훈, born 1962) is a South Korean journalist. He has received a Pulitzer Prize and is Seoul Bureau Chief for The New York Times.

## Early life

Choe was born in Ulju County, Ulsan, South Korea. He received a B.A. in Economics from Yeungnam University and a master's degree in interpretation and translation from the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Seoul.

## Career

Choe began his journalism career as a political reporter at The Korea Herald, an English-language daily. He joined the Associated Press's Seoul Bureau in 1994 and covered natural disasters, North Korea and 1997 Asian financial crisis.
In 2000, he won the Pulitzer Prize in the Investigative Reporting along with Charles J. Hanley and Martha Mendoza for uncovering the massacre of Korean civilians by U.S. soldiers at the No Gun Ri bridge during the Korean War. The series of investigative reports they produced on the No Gun Ri Massacre and similar incidents during the Korean War, published between September and December 1999, helped trigger broader private and government-sponsored investigations of wartime atrocities. He was the first Korean to receive a Pulitzer Prize.
He joined The New York Times (then the International Herald Tribune) in 2005 as its Korea Correspondent. He covered Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 with four other reporters from the International Herald Tribune, winning awards, including Asia Society’s Osborn Elliott Prize for Excellence in Journalism on Asia. In 2018, Choe was a member of the team of New York Times reporters who won the Overseas Press Club's Bob Considine Award for best newspaper, news service or digital interpretation of international affairs for its coverage of North Korea’s nuclear arsenal.
He was a 2010–2011 Koret Fellow in the Korean Studies Program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, part of Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.

## Awards

* 1999 Worth Bingham Prize
* 1999 Overseas Press Club's Madeline Dane Ross Award
* 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting
* 2000 George Polk Awards
* 2000 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists Award
* 2000 Johns Hopkins University SAIS-Novartis International Journalism Award
* 2007 Human Rights Press Awards
* 2009 Asia Society’s Osborn Elliott Prize for Excellence in Journalism
* 2018 Overseas Press Club's Bob Considine Award

## Works

* Hanley, Charles J.; Choe, Sang-Hun; Mendoza, Martha (2001), The Bridge at No Gun Ri: a hidden nightmare from the Korean War, New York: Henry Holt and Co., ISBN 978-0-8050-6658-6, OCLC 46872329
* Choe, Sang-Hun; Torchia, Christopher (2002), How Korean Talk: A Collection of Expressions, Seoul: Unhengnamu, ISBN 978-8-9879-7695-2, OCLC 820945501
* Kirk, Donald; Choe, Sang-Hun (2006), Korea Witness: 135 years of war, crisis and news in the land of the morning calm, Seoul: Eunhaeng Namu, ISBN 978-89-5660-155-7, OCLC 708318187
* Choe, Sang-Hun; Torchia, Christopher (2006), Looking for Mr. Kim in Seoul: a guide to Korean expressions, New York: Infini Press, ISBN 978-1-932457-03-2, OCLC 123193849
# Highland English

Highland English (Scots: Hieland Inglis, Scottish Gaelic: Beurla na Gaidhealtachd) is the variety of Scottish English spoken by many in Gaelic-speaking areas and the Hebrides. It is more strongly influenced by Gaelic than are other forms of Scottish English.

## Phonology

* The epenthesis ("helping vowel"), which is used in some consonant combinations in Gaelic and Scots, is sometimes used in the Hebrides and so "film" may be pronounced "fillum".

## Vocabulary

* Up south and down north, as opposed to the usual English up north and down south, are used in parts of the Highlands and Islands, most notably in Uist. It is likely derived from Gaelic usage, attested in the Wester Ross dialect.