# Union University

Union University is a private Baptist university in Jackson, Tennessee, with additional campuses in Germantown and Hendersonville. The university is affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist Convention (Southern Baptist Convention). It was established in 1875 as "Southwestern Baptist University" on the campus of the former West Tennessee College. It absorbed the Hall-Moody Junior College of Martin, Tennessee.

## History
### Predecessors

"Jackson Male Academy" was founded in Jackson, Tennessee in 1823 as a preparatory school for wealthy students. The Tennessee General Assembly chartered the academy in 1825. In 1844, the academy reorganized and rechartered as "West Tennessee College". During the Civil War, the college was used as a military hospital by Confederate and Union troops. West Tennessee College reopened after the war. In 1874, the Tennessee Baptists acquired the college.
"Union University" was established at Murfreesboro, Tennessee in 1849. It went inactive due to the Civil War in 1859 but operated again between 1868 and 1873.

### Early history

The East Tennessee Baptist General Association, the General Association of Baptists in Middle Tennessee, and the West Tennessee Baptist Convention met in Humbolt, Tennessee on March 15, 1873, adopting a resolution to establish a "first-class college". This resulted in an Educational Convention that met on April 10, 187,4 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the former campus of Union University. The convention explored potential locations for a new campus, eventually recommending Jackson. Their recommendation included taking over the endowment and campus of West Tennessee College.
The Tennessee General Assembly issued a charter for a new school, Southwestern Baptist University, in June 1875. Southwestern Baptist University opened in October 1875 in Jackson. It was a preparatory school the first year, adding college courses for its second year. Many of Southwestern's early faculty and trustees were alumni or former faculty of Union University.
In 1907, Southwestern trustee T. T. Eaton left his 6,000-volume library to the college. Eaton was a former professor of Union University, where his father, Joseph H. Eaton, was a former president. On September 17, 1907, Southwestern changed its name to Union University to honor the Eatons and others from Union at Murfreesboro who had impacted Southwestern as faculty, administrators, trustees, and contributors.
In 1925 the Tennessee Baptist Convention secured a charter that vested the rights, authority, and property of Union University in the Tennessee Convention. This charter included the election of the university's trustees. Two years later, the Convention consolidated "Hall-Moody Junior College" at Martin (1900–1927) with Union University; the former Hall-Moody campus subsequently became the location of the University of Tennessee Junior College, now the University of Tennessee at Martin.
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools granted Union University accreditation in 1948. From the early 1950s to the early 1970s, Union operated an Extension Center in the Memphis area.

### Craig and Barefoot administrations

During President Robert Craig (1967–85) and President Hyran Barefoot's (1987–1996) administrations:
* Enrollment increased from fewer than 1,000 students to more than 2,000
* Penick Academic Complex was enlarged several times
* Additional housing units were erected
* Blasingame Academic Complex (1986) and the Hyran E. Barefoot Student Union Building (1994) were constructed
In 1962 Union developed a nursing program with the assistance of Jackson-Madison County General Hospital at the request of local physicians. In 1975 Union moved from downtown Jackson, Tennessee, to a new campus located near the Highway 45-Bypass in north Jackson. From 1987 to 1995, Union offered the degree-completion program leading to the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN track) in Memphis. At that time there were over 300 graduates of this program.

### David S. Dockery's administration

David S. Dockery was elected as the fifteenth president of Union University in December 1995. Dockery brought a desire to take Union to a more rigorous, conservative path. During his administration, which lasted until 2014, the university:
* increased enrollment from 2200 (in 1996) to more than 5300 (in 2012);
* constructed two residence halls, Miller Tower, Jennings Hall, Hammons Hall, Fesmire Field House, and the new White Hall science building;
* completed the $60 million comprehensive "Building a Future" campaign (1998–2005) (now at $69 million);
* renewed commitment to scholarship and research among Union faculty-part of Union's new Center for Faculty Development;
* created new undergraduate majors in political science, physics, theology, digital media studies, church history, ethics, sports management, sports medicine, and engineering; and graduate programs in education (M.Ed., Ed.S., and Ed.D.), nursing (MSN with tracks in education, administration, and nurse anesthesia), and intercultural studies (MAIS);
* achieved SACS Level V accreditation;
* established an extension campus in Germantown, Tennessee;
* established the Carl F.H. Henry Center for Christian Leadership;
* Established the Charles Colson Chair for Faith and Culture;
* implemented the $110 million "Union 2010" plan that includes the future addition of new tennis courts, new intramural fields, and an amphitheater, which has already included the completion of a second soccer field, the Fesmire Fieldhouse, and the state-of-the-art science building, White Hall.
* launched a Doctor of Pharmacy program.

### 2008 tornado

On February 5, 2008, at 7:02 p.m., the university was struck by an EF4 tornado, with winds between 166 and 200 miles per hour (267 and 322 km/h). The tornado destroyed 18 dormitory buildings and caused over $40 million worth of damage to the campus, which suffered a direct hit, rendering almost 80% of the dormitory space either destroyed or unlivable. None of the approximately 1,800 students on campus at the time were killed.
Fifty-one students were taken to Jackson-Madison General Hospital. While most students were released after being treated, nine were kept overnight. Some students were trapped for hours while emergency crews worked to rescue them. A total of 31 buildings received damage of varying degrees. The devastation captured nationwide attention and was featured by CNN, Fox News, The New York Times and numerous regional news outlets. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff, FEMA Director R. David Paulison and Governor of Tennessee Phil Bredesen all visited the campus after the disaster.
The Commercial Appeal reported that due to extensive damage, the campus would not reopen until February 18. Lambuth University, a rival area university, reportedly offered to open its dormitories to displaced Union students. The congregation of Englewood Baptist Church, which owned the Old English Inn in Jackson, voted unanimously to open the inn to Union students. The church's move accommodated almost 300 students until December 2008. The university also expected that around 200 students would be housed in the private homes of Union faculty, staff, and friends.
The February 5, 2008, event was the second time in just over five years that the campus was hit by a tornado. On the evening of November 10, 2002, during the Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak, the university was struck by an F1 tornado, with winds of approximately 100 miles per hour, which did approximately 2 million dollars worth of damage to the university. There were no serious injuries. Union president David Dockery stated that the February 5, 2008 tornado was about 15 times as bad at the 2002 tornado. The damage caused by the February 5th tornado was estimated at $40 million.

### Presidents

Presidents of the university have included:
| | President | Tenure | Institution |
| 1 | Joseph H. Eaton | 1848–1859 | Union University (Murfreesboro) |
| 2 | James Madison Pendleton | – | Union University (Murfreesboro) |
| 3 | Charles Manley | – | Union University (Murfreesboro) |
| 4 | John W. Conger | 1907–1909 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 5 | Isaac B. Tigrett | 1909–1911 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 6 | Robert A. Kimbrough | 1911–1913 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 7 | Richard M. Inlow | June 1913–December 1913 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 8 | Albert T. Barrett | 1913–1915 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 9 | George M. Savage | 1915–1918 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 10 | Henry Eugene Watters | 1918–1931 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 11 | John Jeter Hurt | 1931–1945 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 12 | Warren F. Jones | 1945–1963 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 13 | Francis E. Wright | 1963–1967 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 14 | Robert E. Craig | 1967–1986 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 15 | Hyran E. Barefoot | 1986–1996 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 16 | David S. Dockery | 1996–2014 | Union University (Jackson) |
| 17 | Samuel W. "Dub" Oliver | 2014–present | Union University (Jackson) |

## Academics

Union University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Its business program is also accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).

## Campus
### Jackson facilities

The campus is 290 acres (1.2 km$^2$) and includes a 2,200-seat gymnasium, dormitories for men and women including a married housing complex, separate lodges for the fraternities and sororities, academic halls, an administration center, baseball and softball parks, two soccer fields, and wellness center.

### Germantown facilities

Union also has a 35-acre (140,000 m$^2$) campus in Germantown, Tennessee, (suburban Memphis) offering graduate degrees in business, education, Christian studies & nursing. The degrees in education include the M.Ed., M.A.Ed., Ed.S., and Ed.D.

### Hendersonville facilities

Union's newest location is in Hendersonville, Tennessee, a suburb of Nashville. This campus offers graduate degrees in education and Christian studies.

### Housing

In Jackson, Union has apartment-style living. Each student has a separate private bedroom that shares a common living space with three roommates. All apartments feature a high-speed Internet connection, as well as a kitchen unit. Some apartments feature private phone lines or a washer and dryer. All private living spaces have a window and the common areas have cable TV access. There is no student housing at the Germantown campus. Temporary off-campus housing was at The Jett (the former Old English Inn) for the majority of the spring 2008 semester.

## Athletics

Union (Tenn.) athletic teams are the Bulldogs. The university is a member of the NCAA Division II level, primarily competing in the Gulf South Conference (GSC) since the 2012–13 academic year. They were also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Mid-East Region of the Division I level. The Bulldogs previously competed in the defunct TranSouth Athletic Conference (TranSouth or TSAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1996–97 to 2011–12. Union began the three-year transition to full NCAA Division II membership in 2011.
Union (Tenn.) competes in 11 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, and soccer; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball,l and volleyball. Former sports included cheerleading.

### Accomplishments

In the NAIA, Union captured five women's basketball national titles (1998, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010). Union also has won national titles in the NCCAA in volleyball (2003), men's soccer (2004), softball (2001, 2002, 2004, 2013) and women's basketball (2014).

## Student life
### Greek life

There are six social fraternities and sororities on campus, two music fraternities, and numerous academic fraternities.
Each of these groups is relatively large relative to the size of the institution and consistently contributes to philanthropies, both regionally and globally. The number of members in the social fraternities can range between 20 and 80 members per chapter.
The fraternities and sororities are an active presence on campus through philanthropy, intramural sports, and Greek Olympics.
The fraternities represented on campus are:
| Fraternity | Chapter | Chartered locally |
| Alpha Tau Omega | Tennessee Beta Tau | February 28, 1894 |
| Lambda Chi Alpha | Lambda-Zeta Zeta | December 5, 1964 |
| Sigma Alpha Epsilon | Tennessee Eta | July 4, 1857 |
The sororities represented on campus are:
| Sorority | Chapter | Chartered locally |
| Chi Omega | Upsilon | 1904 |
| Kappa Delta | Zeta Beta | February 10, 1990 |
| Zeta Tau Alpha | Beta Omega | December 11, 1935 |
The academic fraternities are:
| Fraternity | Discipline |
| Alpha Psi Omega | Theater |
| Phi Alpha Theta | History |
| Phi Beta Lambda | Business |
| Pi Gamma Mu | Social Sciences |
| Psi Chi | Psychology |
| Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia | Music |
| Sigma Tau Delta | English |
| Sigma Pi Sigma | Physics |

### LGBT students

Union University is an affiliate of the Southern Baptist Convention, and as such strictly follows a Baptist interpretation of Christian scripture. This has led to some controversies with regard to intolerance of LGBT ideologies. The school has a code of conduct that prohibits among other things, homosexual behavior and advocacy, as well as premarital sex and alcohol. Former students have claimed that anti-gay policies are enforced more strictly and that heterosexual students received smaller fines for violations, while homosexual students were given the choice of conversion therapy or expulsion.
In 2008, Union denied access to the Soulforce Equality Ride, an effort to fight discrimination against gay people. Students were warned to have no contact with the group and one student who approached them was subsequently investigated. Soulforce participants were arrested for trespassing.
In 2015, Union withdrew from the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities after two council colleges changed their policies to allow hiring faculty members in same-sex marriages. Four members of the university faculty signed the 2017 Nashville Statement, an evangelical Christian statement of faith relating to human sexuality and gender roles that was perceived by some as expressing homophobia, transphobia, and misogyny.
In 2020, the school rescinded an admissions offer to a gay graduate-level nursing student, Alex Duron, after investigating his sexual orientation. Duron subsequently joined an unsuccessful lawsuit, Elizabeth Hunter, et al. v. U.S. Department of Education, seeking to end discrimination against LGBTQ+ students at publicly funded religious colleges and universities. Union University president Dub Oliver defended the school's actions by pointing to the college's religious exemption from the prohibitions on discrimination in Title IX, which it had applied for and received from the U.S. Department of Education, and to the college's statement of principles, which all students agree to follow.

### Publications

* The Cardinal and Cream is the campus newspaper
* The Torch is the English Department's literary and arts publication

### Guest lecture events
#### Annual Scholarship Banquet

Union's Scholarship Banquet has brought prominent national and international figures to Union including former presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, former Secretary of State Colin Powell, former Russian president and Nobel Prize winner Mikhail Gorbachev, former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, former Senator Bob Dole, presidential candidate Rudy Giuliani, former British Prime Minister John Major, Tony Blair, and Winston S. Churchill, Grandson of the former British Prime Minister.

#### Union Forum

Union's Forum is an annual speaker series that has brought several national figures to Union, including Peggy Wehmeyer, William Kristol, Michael Medved, Robert Novak, Stephen Carter, Morton Kondracke, Clarence Page, Juan Williams, and Margaret Carlson.

## Notable people
### Alumni

* Bob Agee - executive director for the International Association of Baptist Colleges and Universities and president emeritus of Oklahoma Baptist University.
* J. Mercer Burrell - New Jersey Legislature
* Jesse Chism - Tennessee House of Representatives
* Sargent Prentiss Freeling - attorney general of Oklahoma
* Steve Gaines - pastor of Bellevue Baptist Church and president of the Southern Baptist Convention.
* Pauline LaFon Gore - mother of United States Vice President Albert Gore
* H. Kirk Grantham - football, basketball and baseball player and coach.
* J. D. Grey (Bachelor's degree, 1929) - Southern Baptist pastor and convention president from 1952 to 1954
* George H. Guthrie - Professor at Regent College and Benjamin W. Perry Professor of Bible and chair of the School of Christian Studies, Union University
* Eli Shelby Hammond - federal judge
* John L. Head (attended) - basketball coach
* John W. Holland - federal judge
* Bill Hopper - Major League Baseball pitcher.
* Morton B. Howell - mayor of Nashville, Tennessee
* Howell Edmunds Jackson - United States Senate and United States Supreme Court Justice
* William Hicks Jackson - Confederate general, brother of Justice Howell Edmonds Jackson
* Jim Jones - football player
* Ben B. Lindsey - progressive era judge and founder of the juvenile justice court system
* Mark Littell - baseball player
* W. M. Matthews - college football coach
* Chad McMahan - Mississippi state senator.
* Charles N. Millican - founding President for the University of Central Florida.
* Gaylon Moore - professional basketball player
* Jimmy Moore (baseball) - Major League baseball player
* Tom J. Murray (D) - U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1943 to 1966
* George A. Neeley - U.S. Representative
* David Alexander Nunn - U.S. Representative and Tennessee Secretary of State
* Luis Ortiz - Major League baseball player
* Josephine Owino - basketball player for the Washington Mystics
* Joseph B. Palmer - Confederate general and lawyer
* Herron C. Pearson (D) - U.S. Representative from Tennessee
* Albert Prago - historian
* Jeanette Brooks Priebe - Director of the Louisville Civil Service Board in Kentucky
* Kevin Ramos - professional baseball player
* Chris Rice - Christian recording artist
* Eugene Rice - United States federal judge (Eastern District of Oklahoma)
* Haywood Yancey Riddle - United States House of Representatives
* Katrina Robinson - Tennessee Senate
* Scratch Track - Indie Acoustic Hip-hop Band
* Gregory Segal - film producer
* R. R. Sneed - Tennessee Secretary of State
* L. Thomas Strong III - Professor and Dean of Leavell College at the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary.
* Bull Sullivan - college football coach
* John May Taylor (D) - U.S. Representative from Tennessee
* Andrew L. Todd Sr. - Tennessee House of Representatives and Tennessee State Senate
* Chris Todd - Tennessee House of Representatives
* William E. Troutt - president of Rhodes College
* Timothy Tucker - former president of the American Pharmacists Association
* John A. Tyson - judge of the United States Tax Court
* Kris Ward - professional soccer coach
* Dwaun Warmack - prеsidеnt of Claflin University and Harris–Stowe State University,
* Mark Weidemaier - professional baseball manager, coaching staff, and scout

### Faculty and administration

* Benjamin Lee Arnold - later became president of Oregon State University
* Milton Brown (W) - U.S. Representative and co-founder of Southwestern University (now Union University) and Lambuth University
* Ed Bryant (R) - Tennessee politician
* Charles Bell Burke - vice president and professor of English, later head of University of Tennessee Department of English
* Stephen Carls - chair of the History Department and expert on 20th-Century France, World War I, Europe between the two world wars, and French arms manufacturer Louis Loucheur.
* David Dockery - Chancellor of Trinity International University and president of Union University
* James Robinson Graves - chair of the Board of Trustees, 1885–1892; minister, journalist, author, and co-founder of Landmark Baptism
* David P. Gushee - ethicist, author of Kingdom Ethics
* George H. Guthrie - Professor at Regent College and Benjamin W. Perry Professor of Bible and chair of the School of Christian Studies, Union University
* Joe Guyon - head football coach
* Howell E. Jackson - law professor and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
* Harry Lee Poe - Charles Colson Chair of Faith and Culture
* Haywood Yancey Riddle - United States House of Representatives
* Ivy Scarborough - author and lawyer
* Roy Stewart - head football coach
* C. Pat Taylor - president of Southwest Baptist University.