# 1969 Major League Baseball season

The 1969 major league baseball season began on April 7, 1969, while the regular season ended on October 2. and the postseason began on October 4. The 65th World Series began with Game 1 on October 11 and ended with Game 5 on October 16, with the New York Mets of the National League defeating the Baltimore Orioles of the American League, four games to one, capturing their first championship in franchise history. The upstart Mets victory over the heavily favored Orioles is considered one of the greatest upsets in World Series history. Going into the season, the defending World Series champions were the Detroit Tigers from the 1968 season. The was also celebrated as the 100th anniversary of professional baseball, honoring the first professional touring baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869. The season also saw the adoption of rule changes to counteract the dominance of pitching in recent seasons, such as lowering the pitcher's mound and shrinking the height of the strike zone.
The 40th Major League Baseball All-Star Game, was held on July 23 at the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington, D.C., home of the Washington Senators. The National League won, 9–3.
The season also saw the third round of expansion of the decade (and second for each league), with the enfranchisement of the Kansas City Royals and Seattle Pilots in the American League, and the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres in the National League, seeing each league increase to twelve teams (a situation which last existed for the National League in 1899.
Because of expansion, both leagues saw their first season of the "Divisional Era", as each league split the now twelve-team leagues into two six-team divisions, playing more games against division rivals and less against interdivision teams. Each league implemented their own League Championship Series, which saw each division champion face off in a best-of-five series (later increased to seven in 1985) to determine pennant winners and World Series contenders.
The Baltimore Orioles won the AL East with a major-league-best 109–53 record, and then defeated the AL West champion Minnesota Twins in three games in the first American League Championship Series. The New York Mets won the NL East with an NL-best 100–62 record, and then defeated the NL West champion Atlanta Braves in three games in the first National League Championship Series. The "Miracle Mets", having joined the league in 1962, were the first expansion team to win a pennant.

## New commissioner

Bowie Kuhn was named the 5th commissioner of baseball at the start of the season replacing previous commissioner William Eckert. Eckert was forced out by the owners in December 1968 mainly because of his refusal to cancel games in the wake of the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. and for his refusal to help the owners during a player strike they anticipated was around the corner. Kuhn was named interim commissioner during that time and became the official commissioner by the start of the season. Kuhn remains the youngest ever commissioner of baseball, being only 42 when he took office.

## Expansion

MLB called for a four-team expansion to take place in 1971 at the 1967 Winter Meetings, the first expansion since 1962. However, there was a complication: influential U.S. Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri was irate over the American League's approval of Kansas City Athletics owner Charles O. Finley's arrangement to move his team to Oakland, California, for the 1968 season. This happened even though Finley had just signed a deal to play at Municipal Stadium at AL president Joe Cronin's behest, and Jackson County, Missouri, had just issued public bonds to build a stadium, the future Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium), which would be completed in 1973.
Symington drew up legislation to remove baseball's anti-trust exemption and threatened to pursue its passage if Kansas City did not get a new team. The leagues agreed and moved expansion up to 1969, with the AL putting one of its new franchises in Kansas City, Missouri. Ewing Kauffman won the bidding for that franchise, naming it the Kansas City Royals, after the local American Royal livestock show. The other AL team was awarded to Seattle, Washington. A consortium led by Dewey Soriano and William Daley won the bidding for the Seattle franchise and named it the Seattle Pilots, a salute to the harbor pilots of the Puget Sound maritime industry and to the city's place in the aviation industry.
In the NL, one franchise was awarded to San Diego, California; the other to Montreal, Quebec, resulting in the first MLB franchise outside the United States. C. Arnholdt Smith, former owner of the AAA Pacific Coast League's San Diego Padres, won the bidding for the San Diego franchise, and the new San Diego MLB team inherited the Padres moniker. Charles Bronfman, owner of Seagram, won the bidding for the Montreal franchise, naming them the Expos, in honor of the World's Fair that year. This was the last NL expansion until the 1993 season, and the last expansion for the major leagues overall until 1977.

## Division play

As part of the 1969 expansion, each league was to be split into two divisions of six teams each, with each league holding a best-of-five League Championship Series to decide the pennant. The AL was divided purely along geographic lines, but when it came to assign divisions in the NL, the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals insisted on being placed in the same division with the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies, on the basis that a schedule with more games with eastern teams would create a more lucrative schedule. Thus, Atlanta and Cincinnati were placed in the NL West. This alignment also addressed concerns that putting the league's three strongest clubs at the time—St. Louis, San Francisco, and the Cubs—in the west would result in divisional inequity.
The Padres and Expos each finished with 110 losses and at the bottom of their respective divisions. The Royals did better, finishing 69–93 and in fourth in the AL West, ahead of the Chicago White Sox. Even though the Pilots managed to avoid losing 100 games (they finished 64–98, last in the AL West), financial trouble would lead to a battle for team control, ending with bankruptcy and the sale of the team to Bud Selig and its move to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. The legal fallout of the battle would lead eventually to another round of expansion for the AL in the 1977 season, with Seattle getting a new team called the Mariners.

## Logo

A special silhouetted batter logo, still in use by the league today, was created by Jerry Dior to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the league. It has served as inspiration for logos for other sports leagues in the United States—most notably the National Basketball Association, which used the silhouette of Jerry West to create their current logo, unveiled after the 1968–69 season.

## Schedule

The 1969 schedule consisted of 162 games for all teams in the American League and National League, each of which had twelve teams. Each league was split into two six-team divisions. Each team was scheduled to play 18 games against their five division rivals, totaling 90 games, and 12 games against six interdivision opponents, totaling 72 games. This format was implemented due to expansion of each league from ten to twelve teams, and the subsequent split of each league into two divisions. This format would be used until 1977 in the American League and 1993 in the National League.
Opening Day took place on April 7, featuring six teams. The final day of the regular season was on October 2, featuring 18 teams. Each League Championship Series took place between October 4 and October 6. The World Series took place between October 11 and October 16.

## Rules changes

In an effort to counteract a trend of low-scoring games and pitching ruling overall, Major League Baseball adopted two measures during the Baseball Winter Meetings held in December 1968. The strike zone was reduced to the area over home plate between the armpits and the top of the knees of a batter. Also, the height of the pitcher's mound was reduced from 15 inches to 10 inches, and it was recommended that the slope be gradual and uniform in every park.
A save became an official MLB statistic to reward relief pitchers who preserve a lead while finishing a game.

## Teams

| League | Division | Team | City | Stadium | Capacity | Manager |
| American League | East | Baltimore Orioles | Baltimore, Maryland | Baltimore Memorial Stadium | 52,137 | Earl Weaver |
| American League | East | Boston Red Sox | Boston, Massachusetts | Fenway Park | 33,375 | Dick Williams |
| American League | East | Boston Red Sox | Boston, Massachusetts | Fenway Park | 33,375 | Eddie Popowski |
| American League | East | Cleveland Indians | Cleveland, Ohio | Cleveland Stadium | 76,966 | Alvin Dark |
| American League | East | Detroit Tigers | Detroit, Michigan | Tiger Stadium | 54,226 | Mayo Smith |
| American League | East | New York Yankees | New York, New York | Yankee Stadium | 67,000 | Ralph Houk |
| American League | East | Washington Senators | Washington, D.C. | Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium | 43,500 | Ted Williams |
| American League | West | California Angels | Anaheim, California | Anaheim Stadium | 43,202 | Bill Rigney |
| American League | West | California Angels | Anaheim, California | Anaheim Stadium | 43,202 | Lefty Phillips |
| American League | West | Chicago White Sox | Chicago, Illinois | White Sox Park | 46,550 | Al López |
| American League | West | Chicago White Sox | Chicago, Illinois | White Sox Park | 46,550 | Don Gutteridge |
| American League | West | Kansas City Royals | Kansas City, Missouri | Municipal Stadium | 34,164 | Joe Gordon |
| American League | West | Minnesota Twins | Bloomington, Minnesota | Metropolitan Stadium | 45,182 | Billy Martin |
| American League | West | Oakland Athletics | Oakland, California | Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum | 50,000 | Hank Bauer |
| American League | West | Oakland Athletics | Oakland, California | Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum | 50,000 | John McNamara |
| American League | West | Seattle Pilots | Seattle, Washington | Sick's Stadium | 25,420 | Joe Schultz Jr. |
| National League | East | Chicago Cubs | Chicago, Illinois | Wrigley Field | 36,644 | Leo Durocher |
| National League | East | Montreal Expos | Montreal, Quebec | Jarry Park Stadium | 28,456 | Gene Mauch |
| National League | East | New York Mets | New York, New York | Shea Stadium | 55,300 | Gil Hodges |
| National League | East | Philadelphia Phillies | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Connie Mack Stadium | 33,608 | Bob Skinner |
| National League | East | Philadelphia Phillies | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Connie Mack Stadium | 33,608 | George Myatt |
| National League | East | Pittsburgh Pirates | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Forbes Field | 35,500 | Larry Shepard |
| National League | East | Pittsburgh Pirates | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Forbes Field | 35,500 | Alex Grammas |
| National League | East | St. Louis Cardinals | St. Louis, Missouri | Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium | 49,450 | Red Schoendienst |
| National League | West | Atlanta Braves | Atlanta, Georgia | Atlanta Stadium | 51,383 | Lum Harris |
| National League | West | Cincinnati Reds | Cincinnati, Ohio | Crosley Field | 29,603 | Dave Bristol |
| National League | West | Houston Astros | Houston, Texas | Houston Astrodome | 44,500 | Harry Walker |
| National League | West | Los Angeles Dodgers | Los Angeles, California | Dodger Stadium | 56,000 | Walter Alston |
| National League | West | San Diego Padres | San Diego, California | San Diego Stadium | 50,000 | Preston Gómez |
| National League | West | San Francisco Giants | San Francisco, California | Candlestick Park | 42,500 | Clyde King |

## Spring training boycott

After the 1968 season, the Major League Baseball Players' Association and the owners had concluded the first collective bargaining agreement in major league history. However, one point remained unresolved: the owners refused to increase their contribution to the players' pension plan commensurately with revenues from television broadcasts, which were increasing as more and more fans watched games that way. With the two sides at an impasse, at the beginning of the year the union called on players to refuse to sign contracts until the issue was resolved. Many did, including stars like Brooks Robinson.
The owners did not change their position, so the players' union called for members to boycott spring training the following month if the issue had not been resolved by then. After the union rejected the owners' offer of a higher yet still fixed contribution on February 17, the day before spring training was to begin, 400 players refused to report. The owners expected the situation to resolve itself soon in their favor, since they usually lost money on training camps while the players were foregoing their pay in the meantime.
The players remained united, and few changed their minds about the boycott as it progressed. After the first week only 11 of those who initially boycotted had reported; at the time many had off-season jobs which they continued to work at, and those who did report were in many cases not certain of their futures with their teams. Meanwhile, the owners were being pressured by the television broadcasters, who would also lose money without games to broadcast, or if teams played games with largely unknown rookies—one NBC executive said his company "would not pay major league prices for minor league games".
After that first week, new commissioner Bowie Kuhn leaned on the owners to reach an agreement as well, and they soon sat down with the players again. By February 25 they had acceded to most of the players' demands: a higher contribution of approximately $5.45 million annually, an earlier age at which players could begin drawing pensions, a wider range of benefits and less playing time required for eligibility. By the end of the month, all players had reported to spring training.

## Standings
### American League

vteAL East :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| $^{(1)}$ Baltimore Orioles | 109 | 53 | .673 | — | 60‍–‍21 | 49‍–‍32 |
| Detroit Tigers | 90 | 72 | .556 | 19 | 46‍–‍35 | 44‍–‍37 |
| Boston Red Sox | 87 | 75 | .537 | 22 | 46‍–‍35 | 41‍–‍40 |
| Washington Senators | 86 | 76 | .531 | 23 | 47‍–‍34 | 39‍–‍42 |
| New York Yankees | 80 | 81 | .497 | 28½ | 48‍–‍32 | 32‍–‍49 |
| Cleveland Indians | 62 | 99 | .385 | 46½ | 33‍–‍48 | 29‍–‍51 |
vteAL West :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| $^{(2)}$ Minnesota Twins | 97 | 65 | .599 | — | 57‍–‍24 | 40‍–‍41 |
| Oakland Athletics | 88 | 74 | .543 | 9 | 49‍–‍32 | 39‍–‍42 |
| California Angels | 71 | 91 | .438 | 26 | 43‍–‍38 | 28‍–‍53 |
| Kansas City Royals | 69 | 93 | .426 | 28 | 36‍–‍45 | 33‍–‍48 |
| Chicago White Sox | 68 | 94 | .420 | 29 | 41‍–‍40 | 27‍–‍54 |
| Seattle Pilots | 64 | 98 | .395 | 33 | 34‍–‍47 | 30‍–‍51 |

### National League

vteNL East :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| $^{(1)}$ New York Mets | 100 | 62 | .617 | — | 52‍–‍30 | 48‍–‍32 |
| Chicago Cubs | 92 | 70 | .568 | 8 | 49‍–‍32 | 43‍–‍38 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 88 | 74 | .543 | 12 | 47‍–‍34 | 41‍–‍40 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 87 | 75 | .537 | 13 | 42‍–‍38 | 45‍–‍37 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 63 | 99 | .389 | 37 | 30‍–‍51 | 33‍–‍48 |
| Montreal Expos | 52 | 110 | .321 | 48 | 24‍–‍57 | 28‍–‍53 |
vteNL West :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| $^{(2)}$ Atlanta Braves | 93 | 69 | .574 | — | 50‍–‍31 | 43‍–‍38 |
| San Francisco Giants | 90 | 72 | .556 | 3 | 52‍–‍29 | 38‍–‍43 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 89 | 73 | .549 | 4 | 50‍–‍31 | 39‍–‍42 |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 85 | 77 | .525 | 8 | 50‍–‍31 | 35‍–‍46 |
| Houston Astros | 81 | 81 | .500 | 12 | 52‍–‍29 | 29‍–‍52 |
| San Diego Padres | 52 | 110 | .321 | 41 | 28‍–‍53 | 24‍–‍57 |

## Postseason
### Bracket

| League Championship Series (ALCS, NLCS) | League Championship Series (ALCS, NLCS) | League Championship Series (ALCS, NLCS) | World Series | World Series | World Series |
| East | Baltimore | 3 | | | |
| West | Minnesota | 0 | | | |
| West | Minnesota | 0 | AL | Baltimore | 1 |
| | | | NL | NY Mets | 4 |
| East | NY Mets | 3 | NL | NY Mets | 4 |
| West | Atlanta | 0 | | | |

## Managerial changes
### Off-season

| Team | Former Manager | New Manager |
| Kansas City Royals | Team enfranchised | Joe Gordon |
| Minnesota Twins | Cal Ermer | Billy Martin |
| Montreal Expos | Team enfranchised | Gene Mauch |
| Oakland Athletics | Bob Kennedy | Hank Bauer |
| San Diego Padres | Team enfranchised | Preston Gómez |
| San Francisco Giants | Herman Franks | Clyde King |
| Seattle Pilots | Team enfranchised | Joe Schultz Jr. |
| Washington Senators | Jim Lemon | Ted Williams |

### In-season

| Team | Former Manager | New Manager |
| Boston Red Sox | Dick Williams | Eddie Popowski |
| California Angels | Bill Rigney | Lefty Phillips |
| Chicago White Sox | Al López | Don Gutteridge |
| Oakland Athletics | Hank Bauer | John McNamara |
| Philadelphia Phillies | Bob Skinner | George Myatt |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | Larry Shepard | Alex Grammas |

## League leaders
### American League

Hitting leaders :
| Stat | Player | Total |
| AVG | Rod Carew (MIN) | .332 |
| OPS | Reggie Jackson (OAK) | 1.018 |
| HR | Harmon Killebrew (MIN) | 49 |
| RBI | Harmon Killebrew (MIN) | 140 |
| R | Reggie Jackson (OAK) | 123 |
| H | Tony Oliva (MIN) | 197 |
| SB | Tommy Harper (SEA) | 73 |
Pitching leaders :
| Stat | Player | Total |
| W | Denny McLain (DET) | 24 |
| L | Luis Tiant (CLE) | 20 |
| ERA | Dick Bosman (WSH) | 2.19 |
| K | Sam McDowell (CLE) | 279 |
| IP | Denny McLain (DET) | 325.0 |
| SV | Ron Perranoski (MIN) | 31 |
| WHIP | Fritz Peterson (NYY) | 0.996 |

### National League

Hitting leaders :
| Stat | Player | Total |
| AVG | Pete Rose (CIN) | .348 |
| OPS | Willie McCovey (SF) | 1.108 |
| HR | Willie McCovey (SF) | 45 |
| RBI | Willie McCovey (SF) | 126 |
| R | Bobby Bonds (SF) Pete Rose (CIN) | 120 |
| H | Matty Alou (PIT) | 231 |
| SB | Lou Brock (STL) | 53 |
Pitching leaders :
| Stat | Player | Total |
| W | Tom Seaver (NYM) | 25 |
| L | Clay Kirby (SD) | 20 |
| ERA | Juan Marichal (SF) | 2.10 |
| K | Ferguson Jenkins (CHC) | 273 |
| IP | Gaylord Perry (SF) | 325.1 |
| SV | Fred Gladding (HOU) | 29 |
| WHIP | Juan Marichal (SF) | 0.994 |

## Regular season recap

The pennant races in the American League lacked drama. In the east, the Baltimore Orioles won 109 games and won the division by a whopping 19 games over the defending world champion Detroit Tigers. The surprise team was the "new" Washington Senators. Under new manager Ted Williams, they went 86–76; it was their first winning season since joining the league in 1961. The Western Division race was a little closer, but the Minnesota Twins led most of the season and were never really threatened in winning the division by 9 games over the Oakland Athletics (who were the only other west team to finish over .500). The National League, on the other hand, was very dramatic. The Chicago Cubs won 35 of their first 50 games, and on August 16, they led the New York Mets and St. Louis Cardinals by 9 games. But the Mets proceeded to win 37 of their last 48 games while the Cubs went 20–28 in the same time period and the Mets won the division by 8 games. In the West, with 3 weeks to play in the season, 5 teams were all within 2 games of each other. The Houston Astros were the first to drop out of the race, losing 8 of 10. With two weeks to play, the San Francisco Giants led the Los Angeles Dodgers and Atlanta Braves by ½ game while the Cincinnati Reds were 2 games back. The Dodgers then lost 8 in a row and 10 of 11 to fall to 4th place. The Braves then went on a 10-game winning streak, ultimately clinching the division over the Giants on the next to last day of the season with a 3–2 win over the Reds. For the Giants, it was the 5th year in a row they would finish in 2nd place.

## Awards

Baseball Hall of Fame
* Roy Campanella
* Stan Coveleski
* Waite Hoyt
* Stan Musial
American League
* Most Valuable Player – Harmon Killebrew, Minnesota Twins
* Cy Young Award – Denny McLain, Detroit Tigers and Mike Cuellar, Baltimore Orioles
* Rookie of the Year – Lou Piniella, Kansas City Royals
National League
* Most Valuable Player – Willie McCovey, San Francisco Giants
* Cy Young Award – Tom Seaver, New York Mets
* Rookie of the Year – Ted Sizemore, Los Angeles Dodgers
Gold Glove Award
* Joe Pepitone (1B) (AL)
* Davey Johnson (2B) (AL)
* Brooks Robinson (3B) (AL)
* Mark Belanger (SS) (AL)
* Paul Blair (OF) (AL)
* Mickey Stanley (OF) (AL)
* Carl Yastrzemski (OF) (AL)
* Bill Freehan (C) (AL)
* Jim Kaat (P) (AL)

## Home field attendance

| Team name | Wins | %± | Home attendance | %± | Per game |
| New York Mets | 100 | 37.0% | 2,175,373 | 22.1% | 26,529 |
| Boston Red Sox | 87 | 1.2% | 1,833,246 | −5.5% | 22,633 |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 85 | 11.8% | 1,784,527 | 12.9% | 22,031 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 87 | −10.3% | 1,682,783 | −16.3% | 21,035 |
| Chicago Cubs | 92 | 9.5% | 1,674,993 | 60.5% | 20,427 |
| Detroit Tigers | 90 | −12.6% | 1,577,481 | −22.4% | 19,475 |
| Atlanta Braves | 93 | 14.8% | 1,458,320 | 29.5% | 18,004 |
| Houston Astros | 81 | 12.5% | 1,442,995 | 9.9% | 17,815 |
| Minnesota Twins | 97 | 22.8% | 1,349,328 | 18.0% | 16,658 |
| Montreal Expos | 52 | | 1,212,608 | | 14,970 |
| New York Yankees | 80 | −3.6% | 1,067,996 | −9.9% | 13,350 |
| Baltimore Orioles | 109 | 19.8% | 1,062,069 | 12.5% | 13,112 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 89 | 7.2% | 987,991 | 34.7% | 12,197 |
| Washington Senators | 86 | 32.3% | 918,106 | 67.9% | 11,335 |
| Kansas City Royals | 69 | | 902,414 | | 11,005 |
| San Francisco Giants | 90 | 2.3% | 873,603 | 4.3% | 10,785 |
| Oakland Athletics | 88 | 7.3% | 778,232 | −7.1% | 9,608 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 88 | 10.0% | 769,369 | 10.9% | 9,498 |
| California Angels | 71 | 6.0% | 758,388 | −26.1% | 9,363 |
| Seattle Pilots | 64 | | 677,944 | | 8,268 |
| Cleveland Indians | 62 | −27.9% | 619,970 | −27.7% | 7,654 |
| Chicago White Sox | 68 | 1.5% | 589,546 | −26.7% | 7,278 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 63 | −17.1% | 519,414 | −21.8% | 6,413 |
| San Diego Padres | 52 | | 512,970 | | 6,333 |

## Television coverage

NBC was the exclusive national TV broadcaster of MLB, airing the weekend Game of the Week, the All-Star Game, both League Championship Series, and the World Series.