OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Flowerdew

Edward Flowerdew (died 1586), was an English judge and Member of Parliament (MP).

## Life

Flowerdew, fourth son of John Flowerdew of Hethersett, Norfolk, a large landed proprietor, was educated at Cambridge, but took no degree. He became a member of the Inner Temple 11 October 1552, and in the autumn of 1569 and Lent of 1577 was reader, and in 1579 treasurer. He obtained considerable celebrity as a lawyer in his own county.
In 1571 Flowerdew became counsel to the dean and chapter of Norwich, and in 1573 to the town of Great Yarmouth. He was counsel also to Thomas Gresham. The town of Norwich gave him a silver cup in 1571, presumably for professional services, and various grateful clients settled annuities on him, Thomas Grimesdiche settling 40s. and John Thornton 26s. 8d. in 1573, and Simon Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, one third of five marks in 1575.
Flowerdew was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Castle Rising in 1572, but replaced by William Drury in 1581 when he reported sick. On 12 February 1584 he received a grant from the clerk of the royal kitchen of a buck in summer and a doe in winter yearly from any royal forest in Norfolk or elsewhere. He was then returned as MP for Norwich in 1581 when their MP fell sick. The replacements were later ruled inadmissible and invalid. He became a serjeant-at-law and recorder of Great Yarmouth, 16 October 1580, and on 23 October 1584 third baron of the exchequer, when he resigned his recordership.
On 20 February 1585 Flowerdew was a member of the special commission for the county of Middlesex, before which William Parry was tried and convicted for high treason. In the winter of 1585 and 1586 he went on circuit in South Wales, and in March held the notorious Lent Black Assize of Exeter from 14 March 1586.
Flowerdew was a man of grasping temper, but apparently not of fine feelings. In 1564 he purchased Stanfield Hall and its furniture from John Appleyard, in order to live there. In 1575 he acquired the site of the dissolved abbey of Wymondham. The parishioners, wishing to preserve the church, petitioned the crown to be allowed to buy it at a valuation, and paid the money. Flowerdew, however, stripped it of its lead and carried off a quantity of freestone, whereupon the exasperated parishioners dismantled it. His lands were dispersed on his death.
Flowerdew died on 31 March 1586. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Forster, but the marriage was childless.
# National Economic Council (Indonesia)

The National Economic Council (Indonesian: Dewan Ekonomi Nasional) is an Indonesian government economic advisory council that advises the President on strategic economic policy formulation and recommendation. The council is led by a chairman, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, since 21 October 2024 (2024-10-21).
First established on November 30, 1999 under the leadership of President Abdurrahman Wahid. However, this institution was disbanded through Presidential Decree No. 122/P of 2000 in less than a year of its operation on September 1, 2000.
On October 20, 2024, the National Economic Council was re-established by President Prabowo Subianto with institutional status at the same level as a ministry based on Presidential Decree No. 139/P of 2024.
Despite originating from the former Coordinating Ministry of Maritime and Investment Affairs, the council does not coordinate technical ministries like coordinating ministry. The council only produces presidential studies containing strategic economic policy formulations and recommendations reserved for the president's eyes only. The coordination of economic affairs is done by the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, except fiscal and monetary which are the domains of the Ministry of Finance.

## Council Members

The First National Economic Council (1999–2000) members was:
| Position | Name |
| Chairperson | Emil Salim |
| Deputy Chairperson | Subiakto Tjakrawerdaya |
| Secretary | Sri Mulyani |
| Members | Anggito Abimanyu [id] Boediono Harbrinderjit Singh Dillon Bambang Subianto Kuntoro Mangkusubroto Hadi Soesastro Arsyad Anwar Gunami Soeworo Hasan Zein Mahmud Teddy Rahmat |
The Second National Economic Council (2024–) members are:
As of October 21, 2024, National Economic Council is led by Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, a retired TNI officer and former minister under the leadership of Abdurrahman Wahid and Joko Widodo.
| Position | Name |
| Chairperson | Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan |
| Deputy Chairperson | Mari Elka Pangestu |
| Members | Chatib Basri Arief Anshory Yusuf Haryanto Adikoesoemo Heriyanto Irawan Septian Hario Seto Firman Hidayat |

## Organization

Based on Presidential Decree No. 160/2024, the National Economic Council is organized into the following:
* National Economic Council
** Office of the National Economic Council Chair
** Office of the National Economic Council Deputy Chair
* Executive Secretariat
** Office of the Executive Secretary
** Office of the Head Secretary
** Executive Directorate for Economic Strategies and Policies
** Executive Directorate for Acceleration of Economic Priority Programs
** Executive Directorate for Policy Synchronization of Economic Priority Programs
** Executive Directorate for Monitoring and Evaluation of Economic Priority Programs
# Hoffman Island

Hoffman Island is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) artificial island in the Lower New York Bay, off the South Beach of Staten Island, New York City. A smaller, 4-acre (1.6 ha) artificial island, Swinburne Island, lies immediately to the south. Created in 1873 upon the Orchard Shoal by the addition of land fill, the island is named for former New York City mayor (1866–1868) and New York Governor (1869–1871) John Thompson Hoffman.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Hoffman and Swinburne Islands were used as a quarantine station, housing immigrants who, upon their arrival at the immigrant inspection station at nearby Ellis Island, presented with symptoms of contagious disease(s).

## World War II

Starting in 1938 and extending through World War II, the United States Merchant Marine used Hoffman and Swinburne Islands as a training station. The Quonset huts built during this period are no longer evident on Hoffman Island. As of 2017, their remnants remain on Swinburne Island. During World War II the islands also served as anchorages for anti-submarine nets intended to protect New York Bay and its associated shipping/naval activities, from enemy submarines entering from the Atlantic Ocean.

## Post–World War II

Since World War II, several proposals for utilizing Hoffman and Swinburne Islands have been presented. In the 1950s, city planner Robert Moses and political consultant Bernard Baruch advocated transforming the islands into a city park, but this plan was not realized. In 1962, the New York City Board of Estimate had approved the purchase of rock excavated from the Richmond Tunnel for a bulkhead to join the two islands, but the rock dug out from the tunnel was of poor quality and was instead dumped on the North Shore of Staten Island.
In 1961, all existing buildings on Hoffman Island were razed. In 1965 on Hoffman Island, eleven people, including the filmmaker Leon Gast, were arrested on charges including trespassing and indecent exposure for their roles in creating a Nudie film on the island.
In the 1980s, in response to plans of New York City to open new homeless shelters amidst Staten Island's residential neighborhoods, some of the potentially affected residents proposed a never-implemented plan to construct a homeless shelter on Hoffman Island, Swinburne Island or both.

## Current use

Hoffman and Swinburne islands are managed by the National Park Service, as part of the Staten Island Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area. The island was transferred from the city to the National Park Service in 1974. To protect the islands' avian residents, which include great egret, snowy egret, black-crowned night heron, glossy ibis, double-crested cormorant and great black-backed gull, the island is off limits to the public. Beginning in 2001, harbor seals have been observed wintering on and near the islands.
# 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase

The 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase will begin on 18 March 2025 with the quarter-finals and end with the final on 23–25 May 2025 at the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon, Portugal, to decide the champions of the 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League.

## Schedule

The schedule of the competition is as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).
| Round | Draw date | First leg | Second leg |
| Quarter-finals | 7 February 2025 | 18–19 March 2025 | 26–27 March 2025 |
| Semi-finals | 7 February 2025 | 19–20 April 2025 | 26–27 April 2025 |
| Final | 7 February 2025 | 23–25 May 2025 at Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon | 23–25 May 2025 at Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon |

## Qualified teams

The knockout phase involve the eight teams which qualified as winners and runners-up of each of the four groups in the group stage.
| Group | Winners (seeded in quarter finals draw) | Runners-up (unseeded in quarter finals draw) |
| A | Lyon | VfL Wolfsburg |
| B | Chelsea | Real Madrid |
| C | Arsenal | Bayern Munich |
| D | Barcelona | Manchester City |

## Bracket

| Quarter-finals | Final | Final |
| Real Madrid | | |
| Arsenal | | |
| Bayern Munich | | |
| Bayern Munich | 24 May – Lisbon | 24 May – Lisbon |
| Lyon | 24 May – Lisbon | 24 May – Lisbon |
| VfL Wolfsburg | | |
| Barcelona | | |
| Manchester City | | |
| Chelsea | | |

## Quarter-finals

The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 7 February 2025.

### Summary

The first legs will be played on 18 and 19 March, and the second legs on 26 and 27 March 2025.
Quarter-finals :
| Team 1 | Agg. Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Real Madrid | 1 | Arsenal | 18 Mar | 26 Mar |
| Bayern Munich | 2 | Lyon | 18 Mar | 26 Mar |
| VfL Wolfsburg | 3 | Barcelona | 19 Mar | 27 Mar |
| Manchester City | 4 | Chelsea | 19 Mar | 27 Mar |

### Matches
## Semi-finals

The draw for the semi-finals was held on 7 February 2025 (after the quarter-final draw).

### Summary

The first legs will be played on 19 and 20 April, and the second legs on 26 and 27 April 2025.
Semi-finals :
| Team 1 | Agg. Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Winner of match 3 | 1 | Winner of match 4 | 19–20 Apr | 26–27 Apr |
| Winner of match 1 | 1 | Winner of match 2 | 19–20 Apr | 26–27 Apr |

### Matches
## Final

The final will be played on 24 May 2025 at the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon. A draw was held on 7 February 2025 (after the quarter-final and semi-final draws), to determine which semi-final winner was designated as the "home" team for administrative purposes.
# 1994 in Colombia

Events of 1994 in Colombia.

## Incumbents

* President:
** César Gaviria (7 August 1990–7 August 1994).
** Ernesto Samper (7 August 1994–7 August 1998).
* Vice President:
** Humberto De la Calle (7 August 1994–19 September 1997).

## Events
### Ongoing

* Colombian conflict.
* Massacre of Trujillo.

### January

* 6 January – The Attorney General's office of Colombia announces that it has conducted a raid in Jerusalén, Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá against El Parche gang, arresting 23 people, 13 of whom are children.
* 31 January – An avalanche in Florida, Valle del Cauca kills 14 with 60 others missing.

### February

* 13 February – Three homeless children, Javier Gonzalez (16), Jairo Murcia (14), “Asprilla” (12), are shot while sleeping and killed in Timiza, Bogotá. They are believed to be victims of the "social cleansing" carried out by armed right-wing gangs and militias.

### March

* 13 March – The 1994 legislative election takes place. The Liberal Party wins majorities in both house, 88/163 Chamber seats and 56/102 Senate seats.

### April

* 27-29 April – On the 27th, Benjamin Santos is kidnapped from his home in Barrancabermeja by a Colombian Army counter-insurgency unit; he is seen in an army uniform, forced to 'patrol' the community with the unit. His body, showing signs of torture, is dumped in the local cemetery on the 29th.

### May

* 25 May – A public bus on Avenida Boyacá in Bogotá is hijacked by seven men and a woman; they rob and rape its passengers. They would be caught by police four days later.

### June

* 6 June – 1994 Páez earthquake: Over 1,000 indigenous Páez people die as a result of a 6.8 magnitude earthquake at the Páez River and ensuing mudslides and avalanches.
* 13 June – México, Colombia, and Venezuela sign the G3 Free Trade Agreement.
* 19 June – The 1994 presidential election take place; Ernesto Samper wins, becoming the 29th President of Colombia.

### July

* 2 July – Andrés Escobar is shot dead in Medellín.
* 7 July – The Disappearances Law, which was passed by Congress, is vetoed by president Gaviria.

### August

* 7 August – The 29th President of Colombia, Ernesto Samper, is inaugurated.

### September

* Human rights activist Jairo Barahona, who had previously been subjected to harassment by security forces, is disappeared by people identifying themselves as National Police a part of the Anti-Extortion and Kidnapping Unit (UNASE).

### October

* 16-17 October – Robbery on the Bank of the Republic: In Valledupar,
* 30 October – The 1994 local elections take place.

### November

* 2 November – A police convoy is ambushed in Puracé, Cauca by FARC and ELN rebels, killing 11 police officers and two bystanders.

### December

* 16 December –President Samper signs the ratification Protocol II of the Geneva Convention.

## Births

* 28 January – Maluma, singer.
* 12 March – Carlos Ramírez, cyclist and Olympic bronze winner.
* 23 September – Yerry Mina, footballer.

## Deaths

* 2 July – Andrés Escobar, footballer (b. 1967).
# Thought I Was Dead

"Thought I Was Dead" is a song by American rapper and producer Tyler, the Creator featuring fellow American rapper Schoolboy Q and American singer Santigold, with physical releases of the album additionally featuring American rapper Playboi Carti. It was released through Columbia Records as the eleventh track from the former's studio album, Chromakopia, on October 28, 2024. The song was produced by Tyler, the Creator himself.

## Composition

The song has been considered similar in style to the music of Tyler, the Creator's album Cherry Bomb (2015). It contains a horn-led beat with a "busy" drum pattern, while Tyler uses a "bassy" delivery.

## Critical reception

The song received generally positive reviews. Elias Andrews of HotNewHipHop wrote of the song, "The chorus is simple and catchy. ScHoolboy Q, who also popped up on a stellar Cherry Bomb cut, brings his typical hybrid of menace and energy to the table. He's the perfect rapper to get on a beat this bizarre." Matt Mitchell of Paste wrote "Tyler and Schoolboy Q go toe-to-toe in a sparring match of dick-swinging verses". Fred Garratt-Stanley of NME commented the song has an "infectious hip-hop bite". Reviewing Chromakopia for Pitchfork, Heven Haile stated "Tyler is an amazing rapper when he wants to be, even on cartoony beats like 'Balloon' and 'Thought I Was Dead.'" Francis Buseko of The Quietus called the song "a powerful declaration of resilience that exudes Tyler's confidence, dismissing doubts and signalling his unapologetic survival."

## Controversy

In the lyrics, Tyler references his previous comments in an interview with marketer and media personality Maverick Carter ("White boys mockin' this shit, and y'all mad at me? Y'all can suck my dick / Pull up old tweets, pull up old t-shirts, all that; I moonwalk over that bitch") in which he criticized a "white kid" (allegedly rapper Ian) for mocking rappers like Future and Gucci Mane.

## Music video

A music video for the song was released on October 26, 2024 in promotion of Chromakopia. It was directed by Tyler, the Creator and shot by Luis "Panch" Perez. In it, Tyler is dressed in a military uniform as he dances, prances, marches and stands on the wing of a vintage airplane that appears to be delivering his Chromakopia shipping container in the middle of an airfield. He is also shown inside the carrier, in a pitch-black background wearing a flesh-toned mask. Men in suits stand guard around the aircraft. The clip is mainly filmed in a sepia tone, but Tyler's attire is revealed to be green in the end.

## Alternative version

An alternative version of the song featuring a guest verse from American rapper Playboi Carti appears on the vinyl and CD versions of Chromakopia as a bonus track.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Thought I Was Dead" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 58 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 49 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 41 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 32 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 11 |
# Lenham Cross

The Lenham Cross is a chalk cross carved into the hillside to the north of Lenham in Kent, in England.
The Latin cross is 200 ft (61 m) high with arms 70 ft (21 m) wide. It was designed by Mr C H Groom, the headmaster of the village school, as a First World War memorial. It was created in a field on the south-facing slopes of the North Downs, close to the Pilgrim's Way, by volunteers from the village, and unveiled in September 1922 (102 years ago) (1922-09) by Major General Sir Arthur Lynden-Bell, who had served as an officer with the Buffs (East Kent Regiment) in the Second Boer War and on the general staff in the First World War.
The cross was filled in during the Second World War to prevent it being used as a navigation aid by the German Luftwaffe. It became a Grade II listed building in 2017.
A dedicatory stone of rough-hewn granite was sited in an enclosure with steps and railings at the south end of the cross, beside the Pilgrim's Way, with a smooth face inscribed by the names of 42 men of the parish who were killed during the First World War. A smaller stone listing 14 more names was added after the Second World War. The memorial stone was moved in 1960 to stand beside St Mary's Church, Lenham, about 1 km (0.62 mi) south west of its original location. A bench and plaque were added to the original memorial enclosure in 1977, donated by the Ashford branch of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Association.
# Misa Telefoni Retzlaff

Misa Telefoni Retzlaff (born Hermann Theodor Retzlaff, 21 May 1952) is a Samoan author and retired politician who served as the deputy prime minister of Samoa and deputy leader of the Human Rights Protection Party from 2001 to 2011. A member of the Human Rights Protection Party, Retzlaff was also minister of finance from 2006 to 2011.

## Background

Retzlaff is of German-Swedish-Samoan descent, having inherited his German ancestry from his paternal grandfather. His name "Telefoni", is the name that was given by the Samoan community in the early twentieth century, to his grandfather, when he arrived in the German colony, as a public servant of the postal services, to introduce the telephone to the country. He was educated at Marist Brothers in Apia and King's College in Auckland, New Zealand. He studied law at the University of Auckland, graduating in 1974. After returning to Samoa, he studied to become a Certified Public Accountant, graduating in 1977, before going on to practice law. He was appointed Attorney-General of Samoa in 1986. His eldest son Lemalu Herman Retzlaff was subsequently appointed and also served as Attorney General of Samoa in 2016.

## Political career

In 1988 he resigned his position as Attorney-general to run for election, winning the seat of Falelatai & Samatau. Initially part of the opposition, he joined the government of Tofilau Eti Alesana in 1991 as Minister of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries and Shipping. In 1996 he became Minister of Health, and in 2001, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance. In 2006 he was appointed Minister of Tourism, Trade, Labor and Commerce. He retired at the 2011 general election.

## Publications

Retzlaff has had two books published; "Love and Money", a love story about the richest young bachelor in Auckland New Zealand falling in love with and marrying the young Samoan kitchen help from his exclusive boarding school; and "To Thine Own Self be True", a collection of articles, speeches and poems. In 2021 he published an autobiography, Tautua – Memoirs of a Public Servant.
# Tiny Kahn

Norman "Tiny" Kahn (1923 – August 19, 1953) was an American jazz drummer, arranger, and composer.
He was born in New York, United States. Kahn began playing drums at age 15. He played with Boyd Raeburn (1948), Georgie Auld, Chubby Jackson, and Charlie Barnet (1949), and played drums and vibraphone under Elliot Lawrence (1952–53). He also performed and recorded with Red Rodney, Serge Chaloff, Lester Young, Al Cohn, and Stan Getz.
He worked with many of the ensembles he played in as an arranger, and also arranged for Woody Herman and Elliot Lawrence. He composed "Tiny's Blues" and "Father Knickerbopper" among other tunes. Kahn never led a recording session; he died in Edgartown, Massachusetts, of a heart attack at age 30.

## Discography credits

* Serge Chaloff, The Complete Small Group Bop Sessions (Jazz Factory, 1999)
* Al Cohn, Al Cohn's Tones (Savoy, 1956)
* Stan Getz, The Complete Roost Recordings (Blue Note, 1997)
* Al Haig, Meets the Master Saxes Vol. Three (Spotlite, 1980)
* Bill Harris, Bill Harris Herd (Norgran, 1956)
* J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding, Jay & Kai (Savoy, 1955)
* Boyd Raeburn, On the Air Vol. 2 (Hep, 1974)
* Lester Young, The Aladdin Sessions (Blue Note, 1975)
# Moody Park station

Moody Park is a light rail station on METRORail's Red Line in Houston, Texas, United States. It opened as part of the Red Line extension on December 21, 2013. It services Moody Park.

## Bus connections

* 79 Irvington
vteNorthside, Houston :
This list is incomplete. A portion coincides with the Fifth Ward (template). At one time Mickey Leland College Preparatory Academy for Young Men resided on the grounds of Crawford Elementary School in that area. :
* This article relating to rapid transit systems in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Texas train station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Muhammad Ifrahim

Muhammad Ifrahim (Urdu: محمد افراہیم; born 14 August 1944) is a Pakistani singer who is known for his national songs like, "Zameen ki goad rang se umang se" and others.

## Early life and family

Muhammad Ifrahim was born in Delhi, India in 1944 and migrated to Pakistan in 1965. He lives in Karachi with his wife, three daughters and a son.

## Singing career

Ifrahim was inspired by the Indian playback singer Mohammad Rafi and also got some music training from him while still in India. After coming to Pakistan, he sang his first song for movie, "Jaag Utha Insaan"(1966) under the composition of musician Lal Mohammad Iqbal. Then he rendered his voice in a few more films but didn't have any luck as a playback singer. Meanwhile, he started singing semi-classical songs and 'ghazals' for Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television. Eventually, in 1978, he was offered a national song, "Zameen ki goad rang se umang se bhari rahe" which was composed by the famous musician Sohail Rana. When vocalized by Ifrahim, the song became an all-time popular national melody and it gave him country-wide fame. Afterwards, he recorded many patriotic songs for Pakistan Television. He is known as a singer of national songs.

## Popular songs

| Song title | Lyrics by | Music by |
| "Gori zara phir se baja payalya peepal ki chhaon main" (along with Naseema Shaheen in movie, "Jaag Utha Insaan") | Dukhi Premnagri | Lal Mohammad Iqbal |
| "Bichray meet ab aan milay hein" (along with Mehnaz) | Shabi Farooqi | Sohail Rana |
| "Tum akelay wahan hum akelay yahan" | Shabi Farooqi | Sohail Rana |
| "Zameen ki goad rang se umang se bhari rahe" | Asad Muhammad Khan | Sohail Rana |
| "Kal chaudavi ki raat thi shab bhar raha charcha tera" | Ibn-e-Insha | |
| "Ae watan maan ki tarah" | Sehba Akhtar | Niaz Ahmed |