# 2025 in paleoichthyology

This list of fossil fish research presented in 2025 is a list of new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2025.

## Jawless vertebrates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Deanaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Lin et al. | Silurian | Xikeng Formation | China | A member of Galeaspida. Genus includes new species D. longpingi. The generic name is preoccupied by Deanaspis Hughes, Ingham & Addison (1975). | |

## Placoderms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Bothriolepis zhujiangyuanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Xian et al. | Devonian (Eifelian) | Shangshuanghe Formation | China | | |
| Tongdulepis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Luo, Pan & Zhu | Devonian (Eifelian) | Qujing Formation | China | A member of Bothriolepidoidei belonging to the family Tubalepididae. The type species is T. concavus. | |

### Placoderm research

* Redescription and a study on the affinities of Exutaspis megista is published by Xue et al. (2025).

## Cartilaginous fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Antrigoulia guinoti | Sp. nov | Valid | Duffin & Batchelor | Early Cretaceous | Lower Greensand Group | United Kingdom | |
| Apolithabatis | Gen. et sp. nov | | Türtscher et al. | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) | Painten Formation | Germany | A ray in the new clade Apolithabatiformes. The type species is A. seioma. |
| Batillodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Duffin, Lauer & Lauer | Carboniferous (Kasimovian) | Kansas City Group | United States ( Kansas) | A member of Petalodontiformes belonging to the family Janassidae. The type species is B. beaveri. |
| Clavusodens | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hodnett et al. | Carboniferous (Viséan) | Ste. Genevieve Formation | United States ( Kentucky) | A member of Petalodontiformes belonging to the family Obruchevodidae. The type species is C. mcginnisi. |
| Distobatus potiguarense | Sp. nov | | Brito et al. | Cretaceous | Açu Formation | Brazil | A member of Hybodontiformes belonging to the family Distobatidae. |
| Dorsetoscyllium belbekensis | Sp. nov | | Trikolidi | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | | Crimea | A carpet shark. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024. |
| Eorapax | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Saugen et al. | Early Triassic | Vikinghøgda Formation | Norway | A neoselachian. The type species is E. serrasis. |
| Pseudorhina carinata | Sp. nov | Valid | Duffin & Batchelor | Early Cretaceous | Lower Greensand Group | United Kingdom | |
| Pseudorhina clopellensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Duffin & Batchelor | Early Cretaceous | Lower Greensand Group | United Kingdom | |
| Pseudorhina magnapraecinctorium | Sp. nov | Valid | Duffin & Batchelor | Early Cretaceous | Lower Greensand Group | United Kingdom | |
| cf. Synechodus rotheliusi | Sp. nov | Valid | Saugen et al. | Early Triassic | Vikinghøgda Formation | Norway | |
| Wimanodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Saugen et al. | Early Triassic | Vikinghøgda Formation | Norway | A neoselachian. The type species is W. marmieri. |

### Cartilaginous fish research

* A diverse assemblage of cartilaginous fish fossils, including the youngest record of Phoebodus latus reported to date, is described from the Upper Devovian strata from the South Urals (Russia) by Ivanov et al. (2025).
* Zhao et al. (2025) interpret Laffonia helvetica as a holocephalan egg capsule morphologically intermediate between Carboniferous Crookallia and Vetacapsula and extant chimaerid capsules.
* A well-preserved specimen of Chimaeropsis paradoxa, displaying soft parts, is described from the Tithonian strata in the Solnhofen area (Germany) by Duffin, Lauer & Lauer (2025).
* Popov & Rogov (2025) describe chimaeroid fossil material from the Coniacian strata from the Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia), providing evidence of presence of Edaphodon sp. and Harriotta sp. in the polar latitudes of eastern Siberia during the Late Cretaceous.
* Gayford & Jambura (2025) review evidence of different drivers of diversification of elasmobranchs throughout their evolutionary history.
* Greif et al. (2025) reconstruct feeding habits of Ctenacanthus concinnus, interpreting it as likely opportunistic feeder that used an array of feeding mechanisms.
* Staggl et al. (2025) study diversity dynamics of neoselachians throughout the Mesozoic, providing evidence that higher atmospheric CO$_2$ concentrations had negative effect on neoselachian diversity.
* Evidence from the study of oxygen isotope composition of teeth of Cretoxyrhina mantelli, Cretalamna appendiculata, Scapanorhynchus texanus, Squalicorax kaupi, Squalicorax pristodontus and Ptychodus mortoni from the Upper Cretaceous strata from the Gulf Coastal Plain, interpreted as likely indicative of increased body temperature of P. mortoni and indicative of active heating and migration from warmer waters by C. mantelli, is presented by Comans, Tobin & Totten (2025)
* Amadori et al. (2025) reconstruct the lower crushing plate of Ptychodus decurrens on the basis of new fossil material from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Croatia.
* Shimada et al. (2025) argue that Otodus megalodon likely had slenderer body than the great white shark, and estimate that it might have reached about 24.3 m in body length.
* A study on the evolution of members of Squaliformes is published by Marion, Condamine & Guinot (2025), who find evidence of multiple colonizations of the deep sea that coincided with marine transgressions and were likely facilitated by the evolution of bioluminescence.
* Greenfield (2025) reidentify the large rostrum and four fragmentary rostral denticles from the Dakhla Formation originally attributed to Onchopristis sp. by Capasso et al. (2024) as Sclerorhynchoidei indet. and Sclerorhynchus cf. leptodon, respectively.

## Ray-finned fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Chanos chautus | Sp. nov | Valid | Guadarrama & Cantalice | Paleocene (Danian) | Tenejapa-Lacandón Formation | Mexico | A relative of the milkfish. |
| Chilomycterus dzonotensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Cantalice et al. | Neogene | Carrillo Puerto Formation | Mexico | A species of Chilomycterus. |
| Ferruaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | | McCurry et al. | Miocene | | Australia | A member of Osmeriformes. The type species is F. brocksi |
| Iratusichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Schrøder & Carnevale | Eocene | Ølst Formation | Denmark | A probable member of the stem group of Lampriformes. The type species is I. ulrikii. |
| Moythomasia lebedevi | Sp. nov | Valid | Plax, Bakaev & Naugolnykh | Devonian (Givetian) | Stolin Beds | Belarus | |

### Otolith taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Pseudonansenia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Schrøder, Carnevale & Schwarzhans | Paleocene (Selandian) | Lellinge Greensand | Denmark | A member of Argentiniformes. The type species is P. hauniensis. | |

### Ray-finned fish research

* A study on the development of teeth of a stem ray-finned fish specimen from the Devonian Gneudna Formation (Australia), providing evidence of similarities with the organization of lungfish tooth plates, is published by Chen (2025).
* Cooper et al. (2025) study the skull roof anatomy of Gyrosteus mirabilis, and interpret both G. mirabilis and Strongylosteus hindenburgi as species distinct from Chondrosteus acipenseroides.
* Redescription of Zignoichthys oblongus, based on data from new fossil material from the Pesciara site of the Bolca locality (Italy), is published by Ridolfi et al. (2025).
* Collareta et al. (2025) report the discovery of fused dentaries of an ocean sunfish from the Lower Pliocene strata of the Siena-Radicofani Basin (Italy), representing the first finding of fossil material of a member of this group in post-Miocene strata outside North America.
* Přikryl et al. (2025) report the presence of fossil material of an indeterminate goby and members of the genera Herklotsichthys and Ophisternon in the Pleistocene Laguna Formation (Philippines).

## Lobe-finned fishes
### Lobe-finned fish research

* Cui et al. (2025) provide new information on the anatomy of Styloichthys changae, and study the evolution of cosmine in lobe-finned fishes.

## General research

* Andrews, Shirley & Figueroa (2025) report the discovery of a new, diverse fish assemblage from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Marshall Sandstone (Michigan, United States).
* Pokorný et al. (2025) describe trace fossils produced during death struggle of fishes from the Upper Cretaceous marine sediments in Lebanon, and name new ichnotaxa Pinnichnus haqilensis and P. emmae.