# Impeachment of Sara Duterte

In December 2024, four impeachment complaints were formally filed against Sara Duterte, the vice president of the Philippines, serving under President Bongbong Marcos. The measure was approved by the House of Representatives on February 5, 2025, paving the way for a trial to proceed in the Senate. Duterte became the first vice president of the Philippines to be impeached, but she will continue to hold office pending a final verdict by the Senate.

## Background
### Relationship between Marcos and Duterte

Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte were elected as president and vice president, respectively, in the 2022 Philippine election as part of the UniTeam alliance.
Duterte was appointed as Marcos's first secretary of education after they both took office in mid-2022, although she preferred to be secretary of defense. Over the next two years, Duterte's relationship with Marcos's allies deteriorated, particularly with House Speaker Martin Romualdez and First Lady Liza Araneta. She resigned in May 2023 from Lakas–CMD where she served as chairperson. Lakas is part of the ruling coalition. In January 2024, President Marcos insisted that the UniTeam is still "vibrant", referring to his working relationship with his deputy. Duterte tendered her resignation from her position as education secretary in June 2024. When asked about her friendship with Marcos in September 2024, she said they were never friends and merely running mates in the 2022 elections. Marcos responded by saying he was "deceived" about their supposed friendship. In October 2024, she detailed her fallout with Marcos, who she said "does not know how to be president".

#### Assassination threat

   Don't worry, Ma'am, to my security because I already spoke with someone. I told him if I would get killed, you kill BBM, Liza Araneta and Martin Romualdez. No joke, no joke. I gave my orders. If I die — I said, 'Don't stop okay? Until you have killed them,' and he said 'yes.'
During a midnight press conference on November 22, 2024, initiated by Zuleika T. Lopez, Duterte claimed to have spoken with a contract killer to target President Marcos, his wife Liza, and House Speaker Romualdez in the event of her assassination, which the administration deemed an "active threat" against the government. She made the statement in response to a vlogger's question over her security. At the time, Duterte had been resisting the transfer of Lopez by House authorities to the Correctional Institution for Women. Duterte later clarified that her remarks were not serious threats but rather a reflection of her fear for her personal safety after hearing threats against her.
On November 29, Marcos confirmed that he had directed the House of Representatives to refrain from filing an impeachment motion against Sara Duterte. This is despite his rift with Duterte which he described as a "a storm in a teacup" and maintained that any potential effort to impeach his deputy would be a waste of time that it "does not make a difference to even one single Filipino life".

### Confidential funds controversy

In 2022 and 2023, Duterte made use of confidential and intelligence funds for both the OVP and DepEd; the OVP under her predecessor did not make use of confidential funds. According to Duterte's chief of staff, due to the OVP's compartmentalized structure, she handled her confidential funds in direct coordination with her office's special disbursing officer Gina F. Acosta without any intermediary.

### Prior impeachment plans

The Makabayan bloc considered filing an impeachment case against Duterte back in August 2023 over alleged misuse of confidential funds of the Office of the Vice President for 2022, which ACT Teachers representative France Castro from the Makabayan bloc described as an "impeachable offense". Castro later judged the plan as "premature", citing the need to continue with the House investigation.
In August 2024, Sara Duterte said she expects an impeachment case to be filed against her following her fallout with the president and information she heard from allies within the lower house. In September 2024, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan described the impeachment of Duterte as necessary over her use of confidential funds in 2022 and 2023. In the same month, the House of Representatives denied any plot to file an impeachment complaint.

## Complaints
### December 2024 complaints

On December 2, 2024, the first formal impeachment case was lodged against Vice President Sara Duterte. The complaint listed 24 articles which was categorized in four points: graft and corruption, bribery, betrayal of public trust, and other high crimes. Aside from corruption, other cited reasons include her alleged role in the extrajudicial killings of the drug suspects and failure to make a stance against China's aggressive sovereignty claims in the South China Sea dispute.
The second impeachment complaint against Duterte was filed on December 4, 2024, by 70 activists led by the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan. They cited a single reason which is betrayal of public trust over the illegal use and mishandling of confidential funds. Duterte is accused of committing "gross abuse of discretionary powers" over the ₱612.5 million confidential funds of the Office of the Vice President and the Department of Education.
On December 5, 2024, House Secretary General Reginald Velasco disclosed that a third complaint by select members of the House of Representatives was being prepared. The complaint was filed by a group of religious workers, lawyers and civil society workers in the House of Representatives against Duterte on December 19 for betrayal of public trust.

### Fourth impeachment complaint

On February 5, 2025, 215 members of the House of Representatives signed an impeachment complaint against Duterte on charges that include corruption, plotting to assassinate President Bongbong Marcos, involvement in extrajudicial killings and incitement to insurrection and public disorder. The impeachment complaint attained more than the minimum 102 signatures, or 1/3rds of the House of Representatives as required in the Constitution. With the signature threshold reached, the impeachment complaint constitutes as the formal Articles of Impeachment against Duterte and was transmitted to the Senate without a plenary vote. This marks the fourth complaint filed against Duterte. On February 7, House Secretary General Reginald Velasco said that an additional 25 lawmakers had signed documents adding their names in support of the impeachment complaint, putting the total number of signees to 240.
Among the signatories of the impeachment complaint was President Marcos's son, Ilocos Norte representative Sandro Marcos, and Speaker Romualdez. At least 101 lawmakers from Luzon and 40 from the Visayas also signed the complaint. In Duterte's home island of Mindanao, 41 of its 60 district representatives supported impeachment. However, in her native Davao Region, only Davao del Sur representative John Tracy Cagas signed the complaint out a total of 11 district representatives. Thirty-three of 61 party-list representatives also supported impeachment.

#### Articles of Impeachment

These are the Articles of Impeachment against Vice President Sara Duterte:
The third article concerns the allegation that Duterte bribed high ranking Department of Education officials while the fifth article involves her linkage to extrajudicial killings which happened during her father and former president Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs, including the Davao Death Squad.
| # | Case | Violation |
| 1 | Contracting an assassin and plotting to murder or assassinate the incumbent president, the first lady, and speaker of the House of Representatives, as publicly admitted by her in a live broadcast. | Betrayal of public trust Culpable violation of the constitution Other high crimes |
| 2 | Misuse and malversation of confidential funds appropriated to the Office of the Vice President (OVP) and the Department of Education (DepEd) | Betrayal of public trust Graft and corruption |
| 3 | In Violation of Republic Act No. 3019 | Betrayal of public trust Bribery Graft and corruption |
| 4 | Amassing unexplained wealth and failing to disclose all her properties and interests in properties in her statement of assets and net worth (SALN), in Violation of Section 17, Article XI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. | Culpable violation of the constitution Betrayal of public trust |
| 5 | High crime of murder and conspiracy to commit murder. | Other high crimes |
| 6 | By herself and/or in concert with others, committed acts of destabilization and sedition and insurrection. | Betrayal of public trust Other high crimes |
| 7 | Totality of Respondent's conduct as Vice-President, including her commission of the foregoing acts | Betrayal of public trust Culpable violation of the constitution Graft and corruption |

#### Signatories

A total of 215 lawmakers signed the impeachment complaint against vice president Sara Duterte on February 5, 2025. Sandro Marcos (Ilocos Norte–1st), who is also the son of president Bongbong Marcos was the first to affix his signature; House Speaker Martin Romualdez was the last. It was noted that 41 out of 60 lawmakers from Mindanao voted to impeach Sara Duterte. In the Duterte family's home region of Davao, only John Tracy Cagas (Davao del Sur) was in favor of the vice president's impeachment.
On the following day, 25 more legislators who were previously not physically present affixed their signatures.
Members of the House of Representatives who signed the impeachment complaint against Vice President Sara Duterte :
| No. | Representative | Party | District | Bloc |
| 1 | Sandro Marcos | PFP | Ilocos Norte–1st | Majority |
| 2 | Aurelio Gonzales Jr. | Lakas | Pampanga–3rd | Majority |
| 3 | Manuel Jose Dalipe | Lakas | Zamboanga City–2nd | Majority |
| 4 | Jurdin Jesus Romualdo | Lakas | Camiguin–Lone | Majority |
| 5 | David C. Suarez | Lakas | Quezon–2nd | Majority |
| 6 | Jay Khonghun | Lakas | Zambales–1st | Majority |
| 7 | Anna Suarez | ALONA | Party-list | Majority |
| 8 | Paolo Ortega | Lakas | La Union–1st | Majority |
| 9 | Rodge Gutierrez | 1-Rider | Party-list | Minority |
| 10 | Yasser Balindong | Lakas | Lanao del Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 11 | Lex Anthony Colada | AAMBIS-Owa | Party-list | Minority |
| 12 | Stephen Paduano | Abang Lingkod | Party-list | Minority |
| 13 | Jude Acidre | Tingog | Party-list | Majority |
| 14 | Danilo Fernandez | NUP | Santa Rosa–Lone | Majority |
| 15 | Zia Alonto Adiong | Lakas | Lanao del Sur–1st | Majority |
| 16 | Yedda Romualdez | Tingog | Party-list | Majority |
| 17 | Pammy Zamora | Lakas | Taguig–2nd | Majority |
| 18 | Janette Garin | Lakas | Iloilo–1st | Majority |
| 19 | Marvin Rillo | Lakas | Quezon City–4th | Majority |
| 20 | Raul Tupas | Lakas | Iloilo–5th | Majority |
| 21 | Ernix Dionisio | Lakas | Manila–1st | Majority |
| 22 | Irwin Tieng | Lakas | Manila–5th | Majority |
| 23 | Fidel Nograles | Lakas | Rizal–4th | Majority |
| 24 | Rolando Valeriano | NUP | Manila–2nd | Majority |
| 25 | Wowo Fortes | NPC | Sorsogon–2nd | Majority |
| 26 | Emeng Pascual | Lakas | Nueva Ecija–4th | Majority |
| 27 | Presley de Jesus | PHILRECA | Party-list | Minority |
| 28 | Ace Barbers | Nacionalista | Surigao del Norte–2nd | Majority |
| 29 | Sergio Dagooc | APEC | Party-list | Minority |
| 30 | Amben Amante | Lakas | Laguna–3rd | Majority |
| 31 | Rommel T. Angara | LDP | Aurora–Lone | Majority |
| 32 | Wilter Palma | Lakas | Zamboanga Sibugay–1st | Majority |
| 33 | Solomon Chungalao | NPC | Ifugao–Lone | Majority |
| 34 | Miguel Luis Villafuerte | NUP | Camarines Sur–5th | Majority |
| 35 | Ando Oaminal | Lakas | Misamis Occidental–2nd | Majority |
| 36 | Mike Dy III | Lakas | Isabela–5th | Majority |
| 37 | Michael Morden | API | Party-list | Majority |
| 38 | Allen Jesse Mangaoang | Nacionalista | Kalinga–Lone | Majority |
| 39 | Alfredo Marañon III | NUP | Negros Occidental–2nd | Majority |
| 40 | Peter Miguel | Lakas | South Cotabato–2nd | Majority |
| 41 | Carlito Marquez | NPC | Aklan–1st | Majority |
| 42 | Dante Garcia | Lakas | La Union–2nd | Majority |
| 43 | Gerardo Espina Jr. | Lakas | Biliran–Lone | Majority |
| 44 | Lorenz Defensor | NUP | Iloilo–3rd | Majority |
| 45 | Gerardo Valmayor Jr. | NPC | Negros Occidental–1st | Majority |
| 46 | Nicanor Briones | AGAP | Party-list | Majority |
| 47 | Ann Matibag | Lakas | Laguna–1st | Majority |
| 48 | Irene Gay Saulog | Kalinga | Party-list | Majority |
| 49 | Ray T. Reyes | Anakalusugan | Party-list | Majority |
| 50 | Tawi Billones | Liberal | Capiz–1st | Majority |
| 51 | Jun Gato | NPC | Batanes–Lone | Majority |
| 52 | Danny Domingo | NUP | Bulacan–1st | Majority |
| 53 | Neptali Gonzales II | NUP | Mandaluyong–Lone | Majority |
| 54 | Fernando Cabredo | NUP | Albay–3rd | Majority |
| 55 | Mohamad Paglas | Lakas | Maguindanao del Sur–Lone | Majority |
| 56 | Teodorico Haresco Jr. | Nacionalista | Aklan–2nd | Majority |
| 57 | Jonathan Clement Abalos | 4Ps | Party-list | Minority |
| 58 | Rodolfo Ordanes | Senior Citizens | Party-list | Majority |
| 59 | Salvador Pleyto | Lakas | Bulacan–6th | Majority |
| 60 | Ambrosio Cruz | Lakas | Bulacan–5th | Majority |
| 61 | Milagros Aquino-Magsaysay | United Senior Citizens | Party-list | Majority |
| 62 | Gabriel Bordado | Liberal | Camarines Sur–3rd | Minority |
| 63 | Marivic Co-Pilar | NUP | Quezon City–6th | Majority |
| 64 | Mitch Cajayon-Uy | Lakas | Caloocan–2nd | Majority |
| 65 | Harris Ongchuan | NUP | Northern Samar–2nd | Minority |
| 66 | Paul Daza | NUP | Northern Samar–1st | Minority |
| 67 | Ed Lumayag | PFP | South Cotabato–1st | Majority |
| 68 | Leo Rodriguez | PFP | Catanduanes–Lone | Majority |
| 69 | Carmelo Lazatin II | Lakas | Pampanga–1st | Majority |
| 70 | Joseph Tan | Lakas | Isabela–4th | Majority |
| 71 | Kristine Singson-Meehan | NPC | Ilocos Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 72 | Ed Christopher Go | Lakas | Isabela–2nd | Majority |
| 73 | Joel Chua | Lakas | Manila–3rd | Majority |
| 74 | Marjorie Ann Teodoro | NUP | Marikina–1st | Majority |
| 75 | Manuel Sagarbarria | NPC | Negros Oriental–2nd | Majority |
| 76 | Zaldy Villa | Lakas | Siquijor–Lone | Majority |
| 77 | Ysabel Zamora | Lakas | San Juan–Lone | Majority |
| 78 | Inno Dy | Lakas | Isabela–6th | Majority |
| 79 | Franz Pumaren | NUP | Quezon City–3rd | Majority |
| 80 | Juliet Marie Ferrer | NUP | Negros Occidental–4th | Majority |
| 81 | Luis Raymund Villafuerte | NUP | Camarines Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 82 | Roberto Puno | NUP | Antipolo–1st | Majority |
| 83 | Bing Maniquiz | Lakas | Zambales–2nd | Majority |
| 84 | Marissa Magsino | OFW | Party-list | Minority |
| 85 | Geraldine Roman | Lakas | Bataan–1st | Majority |
| 86 | Crispin Diego Remulla | NUP | Cavite–7th | Majority |
| 87 | Roy Loyola | NPC | Cavite–5th | Majority |
| 88 | Antonino Calixto | Lakas | Pasay–Lone | Majority |
| 89 | Romeo Momo | Nacionalista | Surigao del Sur–1st | Majority |
| 90 | Celso Regencia | Lakas | Iligan–Lone | Majority |
| 91 | Lorna Silverio | NUP | Bulacan–3rd | Majority |
| 92 | Ching Bernos | Lakas | Abra–Lone | Majority |
| 93 | Benny Abante | NUP | Manila–6th | Majority |
| 94 | Eleanor Begtang | NPC | Apayao–Lone | Majority |
| 95 | Baby Alfonso | Lakas | Cagayan–2nd | Majority |
| 96 | Josefina Tallado | Lakas | Camarines Norte–1st | Majority |
| 97 | Augustina Dominique Pancho | NUP | Bulacan–2nd | Majority |
| 98 | Jose Teves Jr. | TGP | Party-list | Majority |
| 99 | Francisco Jose Matugas II | Lakas | Surigao del Norte–1st | Majority |
| 100 | James Ang Jr. | Uswag Ilonggo | Party-list | Majority |
| 101 | Jane Castro | Lakas | Capiz–2nd | Majority |
| 102 | Alan Ecleo | Lakas | Dinagat Islands–Lone | Majority |
| 103 | Antonio Ferrer | NUP | Cavite–6th | Majority |
| 104 | Maria Angela Garcia | NUP | Bataan–3rd | Majority |
| 105 | Loreto Acharon | NPC | General Santos–Lone | Majority |
| 106 | Steve Solon | Lakas | Sarangani | Majority |
| 107 | Keith Micah Tan | NPC | Quezon–4th | Majority |
| 108 | Reynante Arrogancia | NPC | Quezon–3rd | Minority |
| 109 | Ricardo Cruz Jr. | Nacionalista | Taguig–1st | Majority |
| 110 | Ralph Tulfo | PFP | Quezon City–2nd | Majority |
| 111 | Dean Asistio | Lakas | Caloocan–3rd | Majority |
| 112 | Dimszar Sali | NUP | Tawi-Tawi–Lone | Majority |
| 113 | Ronald Singson | NPC | Ilocos Sur–1st | Majority |
| 114 | Hori Horibata | NUP | Camarines Sur–1st | Majority |
| 115 | Julienne Baronda | Lakas | Iloilo City–Lone | Majority |
| 116 | Ivan Howard Guintu | PINUNO | Party-list | Majority |
| 117 | Arjo Atayde | Nacionalista | Quezon City–1st | Majority |
| 118 | Edgar Chatto | NUP | Bohol–1st | Majority |
| 119 | Vanvan Aumentado | Lakas | Bohol–2nd | Majority |
| 120 | Alexie Tutor | Lakas | Bohol–3rd | Majority |
| 121 | Mark Enverga | NPC | Quezon–1st | Majority |
| 122 | Pinpin Uy | Lakas | Zamboanga del Norte–1st | Majority |
| 123 | Alfel Bascug | NUP | Agusan del Sur–1st | Majority |
| 124 | Christian Unabia | Lakas | Misamis Oriental–1st | Majority |
| 125 | Lordan Suan | Lakas | Cagayan de Oro–1st | Majority |
| 126 | Yevgeny Emano | Nacionalista | Misamis Oriental–2nd | Majority |
| 127 | Joselito Sacdalan | NPC | Cotabato–1st | Majority |
| 128 | Albert Garcia | NUP | Bataan–2nd | Majority |
| 129 | Patrick Michael Vargas | Lakas | Quezon City–5th | Majority |
| 130 | Jose Aquino II | Lakas | Agusan del Norte–1st | Majority |
| 131 | France Castro | ACT Teachers | Party-list | Minority |
| 132 | Jam Agarao | PFP | Laguna–4th | Majority |
| 133 | Arlene Brosas | Gabriela | Party-list | Minority |
| 134 | Raoul Manuel | Kabataan | Party-list | Minority |
| 135 | Anna Veloso Tuazon | NUP | Leyte–3rd | Majority |
| 136 | Cha Hernandez | Lakas | Calamba–Lone | Majority |
| 137 | Jaime Cojuangco | NPC | Tarlac–1st | Majority |
| 138 | Victoria Yu | Lakas | Zamboanga del Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 139 | Munir Arbison Jr. | Lakas | Sulu–2nd | Majority |
| 140 | Angelica Natasha Co | BHW | Party-list | Majority |
| 141 | Perci Cendaña | Akbayan | Party-list | Minority |
| 142 | John Tracy Cagas | Nacionalista | Davao del Sur–Lone | Majority |
| 143 | Joseph Gilbert Violago | NUP | Nueva Ecija–2nd | Majority |
| 144 | Edwin Olivarez | Lakas | Parañaque–1st | Majority |
| 145 | Stella Quimbo | Lakas | Marikina–2nd | Majority |
| 146 | Gustavo Tambunting | NUP | Parañaque–2nd | Majority |
| 147 | Mercedes Lansang | NPC | Negros Occidental–6th | Majority |
| 148 | Mika Suansing | Lakas | Nueva Ecija–1st | Majority |
| 149 | Rachel del Mar | NPC | Cebu City–1st | Majority |
| 150 | Peter John Calderon | NPC | Cebu–7th | Majority |
| 151 | Jocelyn Limkaichong | NPC | Negros Oriental–1st | Majority |
| 152 | Janice Salimbangon | NUP | Cebu–4th | Majority |
| 153 | Rhea Gullas | Lakas | Cebu–1st | Majority |
| 154 | Daphne Lagon | Lakas | Cebu–6th | Majority |
| 155 | Dimple Mastura | Lakas | Maguindanao del Norte–Lone | Majority |
| 156 | Edsel Galeos | Lakas | Cebu–2nd | Majority |
| 157 | Johnny Pimentel | NUP | Surigao del Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 158 | Emmarie Dizon | Lakas | Mandaue–Lone | Majority |
| 159 | Eddiebong Plaza | NUP | Agusan del Sur–2nd | Majority |
| 160 | Christopherson Yap | Lakas | Southern Leyte–2nd | Majority |
| 161 | Jason Almonte | Nacionalista | Misamis Occidental–1st | Majority |
| 162 | Mario Vittorio Mariño | Nacionalista | Batangas–5th | Majority |
| 163 | Romeo Acop | NUP | Antipolo–2nd | Majority |
| 164 | Maximo Dalog Jr. | Nacionalista | Mountain Province–Lone | Majority |
| 165 | Jonathan Keith Flores | Nacionalista | Bukidnon–2nd | Majority |
| 166 | Marcelino Libanan | 4Ps | Party-list | Minority |
| 167 | Laarni Roque | Nacionalista | Bukidnon–4th | Majority |
| 168 | Mark Go | Nacionalista | Baguio–Lone | Majority |
| 169 | Tata Eudela | Lakas | Zamboanga Sibugay–2nd | Majority |
| 170 | Luz Mercado | Lakas | Southern Leyte–1st | Majority |
| 171 | Maria Fe Abunda | Lakas | Eastern Samar–Lone | Majority |
| 172 | Joseph Lara | Lakas | Cagayan–3rd | Majority |
| 173 | Maria Theresa Collantes | NPC | Batangas–3rd | Majority |
| 174 | Arnan Panaligan | Lakas | Oriental Mindoro–1st | Majority |
| 175 | Felimon Espares | Coop-NATCCO | Party-list | Minority |
| 176 | Lucille Nava | NUP | Guimaras–Lone | Majority |
| 177 | Glona Labadlabad | Lakas | Zamboanga del Norte–2nd | Majority |
| 178 | Odie Tarriela | PFP | Occidental Mindoro–Lone | Majority |
| 179 | Eleandro Jesus Madrona | Nacionalista | Romblon–Lone | Majority |
| 180 | Divina Grace Yu | Lakas | Zamboanga del Sur–1st | Majority |
| 181 | Jil Bongalon | Ako Bicol | Party-list | Majority |
| 182 | Gerville Luistro | Lakas | Batangas–2nd | Majority |
| 183 | Jose Manuel Alba | Lakas | Bukidnon–1st | Majority |
| 184 | Luisa Cuaresma | UNA | Nueva Vizcaya–Lone | Majority |
| 185 | Allan Ty | LPGMA | Party-list | Majority |
| 186 | Oscar Malapitan | Nacionalista | Caloocan–1st | Majority |
| 187 | Aminah Dimaporo | Lakas | Lanao del Norte–2nd | Majority |
| 188 | Jernie Jett Nisay | Pusong Pinoy | Party-list | Majority |
| 189 | Ian Amatong | Liberal | Zamboanga del Norte–3rd | Majority |
| 190 | Maria Rachel Arenas | Lakas | Pangasinan–3rd | Majority |
| 191 | Marlyn Primicias-Agabas | PFP | Pangasinan–6th | Majority |
| 192 | Linabelle Villarica | PFP | Bulacan–4th | Majority |
| 193 | Eric Buhain | Nacionalista | Batangas–1st | Majority |
| 194 | Christopher de Venecia | Lakas | Pangasinan–4th | Majority |
| 195 | Cynthia Chan | Lakas | Lapu-Lapu City–Lone | Majority |
| 196 | Arnulf Bryan Fuentebella | NPC | Camarines Sur–4th | Majority |
| 197 | Raymond Mendoza | TUCP | Party-list | Majority |
| 198 | Roman Romulo | NPC | Pasig–Lone | Majority |
| 199 | Mark Cojuangco | NPC | Pangasinan–2nd | Majority |
| 200 | Ferjenel Biron | Nacionalista | Iloilo–4th | Majority |
| 201 | Samier Tan | Lakas | Sulu–1st | Majority |
| 202 | Anna York Bondoc | Nacionalista | Pampanga–4th | Majority |
| 203 | Jaime Fresnedi | Liberal | Muntinlupa–Lone | Majority |
| 204 | Tirso Edwin Gardiola | CWS | Party-list | Majority |
| 205 | Lolita Javier | Nacionalista | Leyte–2nd | Majority |
| 206 | Michael Gorriceta | Nacionalista | Iloilo–2nd | Majority |
| 207 | Jorge Antonio Bustos | PATROL | Party-list | Majority |
| 208 | Duke Frasco | NUP | Cebu–5th | Majority |
| 209 | Aniela Tolentino | NUP | Cavite–8th | Majority |
| 210 | Jocelyn Tulfo | ACT-CIS | Party-list | Majority |
| 211 | Greg Gasataya | NPC | Bacolod–Lone | Majority |
| 212 | Ruth Hernandez | Lakas | Laguna–2nd | Majority |
| 213 | Maria Alana Samantha Santos | Lakas | Cotabato–3rd | Majority |
| 214 | Florida Robes | PFP | San Jose del Monte–Lone | Majority |
| 215 | Martin Romualdez | Lakas | Leyte–1st | Majority |
| 216 | Len Alonte | Lakas | Biñan–Lone | Majority |
| 217 | Ramon Nolasco Jr. | Lakas | Cagayan–1st | Majority |
| 218 | Tonypet Albano | Lakas | Isabela–1st | Majority |
| 219 | Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo | Lakas | Lanao del Norte–1st | Majority |
| 220 | Carl Cari | Lakas | Leyte–5th | Majority |
| 221 | Richard Kho | Lakas | Masbate–1st | Majority |
| 222 | Ara Kho | Lakas | Masbate–2nd | Majority |
| 223 | Wilton Kho | Lakas | Masbate–3rd | Majority |
| 224 | Dino Yulo | Lakas | Negros Occidental–5th | Majority |
| 225 | Midy Cua | Lakas | Quirino–Lone | Majority |
| 226 | Rihan Sakaluran | Lakas | Sultan Kudarat–1st | Majority |
| 227 | Ramon Guico Jr. | Lakas | Pangasinan–5th | Majority |
| 228 | Elizaldy Co | Ako Bicol | Party-list | Majority |
| 229 | Arthur Celeste | Nacionalista | Pangasinan–1st | Majority |
| 230 | Adrian Jay Advincula | NUP | Cavite–3rd | Majority |
| 231 | Bong Rivera | NPC | Tarlac–3rd | Majority |
| 232 | Christian Yap | Sama Sama Tarlac | Tarlac–2nd | Majority |
| 233 | Alfonso Umali Jr. | Liberal | Oriental Mindoro–2nd | Majority |
| 234 | Sonny Lagon | Ako Bisaya | Party-list | Majority |
| 235 | Jose Gay Padiernos | GP Party | Party-list | Majority |
| 236 | Richelle Singson-Michael | Ako Ilocano Ako | Party-list | Majority |
| 237 | Ron Salo | KABAYAN | Party-list | Majority |
| 238 | Caroline Tanchay | SAGIP | Party-list | Majority |
| 239 | Robert Raymond Estrella | Abono | Party-list | Majority |
| 240 | Edvic G. Yap | ACT-CIS | Party-list | Majority |

#### Non-signatories

House of Representatives members who are members of some of the incumbent senators were noted to have not signed the petition. However, some members of the lower house were overseas and had their e-signatures sent but were not included in the copy endorsed to the Senate. Joseph Stephen Paduano of Abang Lingkod said that Dino Yulo and others did sign the complaint but their signatures were not included in the endorsed copy.
Members of the House of Representatives who did not sign the impeachment complaint against Vice President Sara Duterte :
| No. | Representative | Party | District | Bloc |
| 1 | Cheeno Almario | Lakas | Davao Oriental–2nd | Majority |
| 2 | Jose Alvarez | NPC | Palawan–2nd | Majority |
| 3 | Pantaleon Alvarez | Reporma | Davao del Norte–1st | Minority |
| 4 | Eugenio Angelo Barba | Nacionalista | Ilocos Norte–2nd | Majority |
| 5 | Claudine Bautista-Lim | DUMPER PTDA | Party-list | Majority |
| 6 | Claude Bautista | NPC | Davao Occidental–Lone | Majority |
| 7 | Lianda Bolilia | Nacionalista | Batangas–4th | Majority |
| 8 | Bonifacio Bosita | 1-Rider | Party-list | Minority |
| 9 | Luis Campos Jr. | NPC | Makati–2nd | Minority |
| 10 | Rudy Caoagdan | Nacionalista | Cotabato–2nd | Majority |
| 11 | Drixie Mae Cardema | Duterte Youth | Party-list | Majority |
| 12 | Dale Corvera | Lakas | Agusan del Norte–1st | Majority |
| 13 | Nelson Dayanghirang | Nacionalista | Davao Oriental–1st | Majority |
| 14 | Alfred delos Santos | Ang Probinsyano | Party-list | Majority |
| 15 | Jack Duavit | NPC | Rizal–1st | Majority |
| 16 | Alan Dujali | Lakas | Davao del Norte–2nd | Majority |
| 17 | Paolo Duterte | HTL | Davao City–1st | Majority |
| 18 | Ian Paul Dy | Lakas | Isabela–3rd | Majority |
| 19 | Dette Escudero | NPC | Sorsogon–1st | Majority |
| 20 | Rudys Caesar Fariñas | Probinsyano Ako | Party-list | Majority |
| 21 | Jose Arturo Garcia Jr. | NPC | Rizal–3rd | Majority |
| 22 | Pablo John Garcia | NUP | Cebu–3rd | Majority |
| 23 | Vincent Garcia | Lakas | Davao City–2nd | Majority |
| 24 | Anthony Rolando Golez Jr. | Malasakit@Bayanihan | Party-list | Majority |
| 25 | Richard Gomez | PFP | Leyte–4th | Majority |
| 26 | Ruwel Peter Gonzaga | PFP | Davao de Oro–2nd | Majority |
| 27 | Carlo Lisandro Gonzales | Marino | Party-list | Majority |
| 28 | Mujiv Hataman | Liberal (BUP) | Basilan–Lone | Minority |
| 29 | Bernadette Herrera | BH | Party-list | Minority |
| 30 | Virgilio Lacson | Manila Teachers | Party-list | Majority |
| 31 | Josephine Lacson-Noel | NPC | Malabon–Lone | Majority |
| 32 | Wilbert T. Lee | AGRI | Party-list | Minority |
| 33 | Antonio Legarda Jr. | NPC | Antique–Lone | Majority |
| 34 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Lakas | Pampanga–2nd | Majority |
| 35 | Edward Maceda | NPC | Manila–4th | Majority |
| 36 | Rodante Marcoleta | SAGIP | Party-list | Majority |
| 37 | Eric Martinez | Independent | Valenzuela–2nd | Majority |
| 38 | Lani Mercado | Lakas | Cavite–2nd | Majority |
| 39 | Migs Nograles | PBA | Party-list | Majority |
| 40 | Khymer Adan Olaso | Nacionalista | Zamboanga City–1st | Majority |
| 41 | Rosemarie Panotes | Lakas | Camarines Norte–1st | Majority |
| 42 | Kid Peña | NPC | Makati–1st | Majority |
| 43 | Eduardo Rama Jr. | Lakas | Cebu City–2nd | Majority |
| 44 | Bryan Revilla | Agimat | Party-list | Majority |
| 45 | Jolo Revilla | Lakas | Cavite–1st | Majority |
| 46 | Rufus Rodriguez | CDP | Cagayan de Oro–2nd | Majority |
| 47 | Mikee Romero | 1-PACMAN | Party-list | Majority |
| 48 | Joey Salceda | Lakas | Albay–2nd | Majority |
| 49 | Horacio Suansing Jr. | NUP | Sultan Kudarat–2nd | Majority |
| 50 | Reynaldo Tamayo | ANGAT | Party-list | Majority |
| 51 | Shernee Tan | Kusug Tausug | Party-list | Majority |
| 52 | Stephen James Tan | Nacionalista | Samar–1st | Minority |
| 53 | Reynolds Michael Tan | Lakas | Samar–2nd | Minority |
| 54 | Dino Tanjuatco | NPC | Rizal–2nd | Majority |
| 55 | Toby Tiangco | Navoteño | Navotas–Lone | Majority |
| 56 | Erwin Tulfo | ACT-CIS | Party-list | Majority |
| 57 | Isidro Ungab | HTL | Davao City–3rd | Majority |
| 58 | Lord Allan Velasco | NPC | Marinduque–Lone | Majority |
| 59 | Rosanna Vergara | PFP | Nueva Ecija–3rd | Majority |
| 60 | Sam Verzosa | Tutok To Win | Party-list | Majority |
| 61 | Eddie Villanueva | CIBAC | Party-list | Majority |
| 62 | Camille Villar | Nacionalista | Las Piñas–Lone | Majority |
| 63 | Brian Yamsuan | Bicol Saro | Party-list | Minority |
| 64 | Eric Yap | Lakas | Benguet–Lone | Majority |
| 65 | Maricar Zamora | Lakas | Davao de Oro–1st | Majority |
| 66 | Jose Maria Zubiri Jr. | PFP | Bukidnon–3rd | Majority |

## Supreme Court petitions

Lawyer Catalino Generillo Jr. on February 14 filed a petition for mandamus, before the Supreme Court arguing that the Senate has the "inescapable constitutional duty" to immediately start the trial. On February 18, a group of Mindanao-based lawyers filed a certiorari and sought a temporary restraining order to prevent the start of the trial. That same day, Sara Duterte also sent a petition to the Supreme Court asking for the nullification of the impeachment complaint.

## Impeachment court

The Senate received the House of Representative's complaint on February 5, 2025, which also coincided with the last day of Senate session. The Articles of Impeachment were received by Senate secretary Renato Bantug at 5:49 p.m. but it was not reported to the plenary before it adjourned at 7:00 pm. The Senate is obliged to convene as an impeachment court to process the complaint but there is no schedule yet.

### Officers

The House of Representatives named 11 of its members who will serve as prosecutors. They will defend the lower house's motion to impeach Vice President Duterte before the Senate acting as the impeachment court. There is no lead prosecutor yet. The House also received offers for legal assistance from third party lawyers.
Senate president Chiz Escudero is expected to serve as the presiding officer of the trial.

#### Prosecutors

Prosecutors :
| Representative | Party | District | Bloc |
| Gerville Luistro | Lakas | Batangas–2nd | Majority |
| Romeo Acop | NUP | Antipolo–2nd | Majority |
| Rodge Gutierrez | 1-Rider | Party-list | Minority |
| Joel Chua | Lakas | Manila–3rd | Majority |
| Raul Angelo Bongalon | Ako Bicol | Party-list | Majority |
| Loreto Acharon | NPC | General Santos | Majority |
| Marcelino Libanan | 4Ps | Party-list | Minority |
| Arnan Panaligan | Lakas | Oriental Mindoro–1st | Majority |
| Ysabel Zamora | Lakas | San Juan | Majority |
| Lorenz Defensor | NUP | Iloilo–3rd | Majority |
| Jonathan Keith Flores | Nacionalista | Bukidnon–2nd | Majority |

#### Duterte's counsel

According to Sara Duterte, her legal team had already begun preparations as early as November 2024 in anticipation of her impeachment. In December 2024, her father, former President Rodrigo Duterte, offered to join the defense team.

### Scheduling of the trial

   In case the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed.
The Senate is not inclined to convene as a trial court before it is set to resume session on June 2, 2025, but there is a possibility the Senate could still convene during the break. However Senate president Chiz Escudero maintained that a trial cannot be "legally" started during this period since he believe that there has to be an ongoing session for the Senate to convene as an impeachment court. Senate minority leader Koko Pimentel said that the course of the impeachment could be affected by the fact that the terms of 12 of the chamber's members are due to end on June 30, along with the results of the 2025 Philippine Senate election on May 12.
Assuming that the Senate convene on June 2, there are six session days left until the 19th Congress ends on June 13 which made Escudero conclude that the impeachment trial would be heard by the 20th Congress. Escudero projects the trial to begin in July 2025 after President Marcos makes his State of the Nation Address, with a verdict due in October 2025.
Proponents of the impeachment insist that the Constitution obligates that the "trial by the Senate shall proceed forthwith," or as soon as possible. They suggest that the President may call in a special session for this purpose.
On February 27, 2025, Escudero proposed the following schedule to the Senate, House of Representatives, and the Office of the Vice President.
Proposed impeachment schedule, as proposed by Senate President Escudero :
| Date | Event |
| June 2, 2025 (3pm) | Presentation of Articles of Impeachment to the Senate by House prosecutors Approval of the Rules of Procedure on Impeachment Trials |
| June 3, 2025 (9am) | Convening of the Impeachment Court Oath-taking of incumbent senator-judges |
| June 4, 2025 | Issuance of summons |
| June 14, 2025 - June 24, 2025 | Reception of pleadings |
| June 24, 2025 - June 25, 2025 | Pre-trial proceedings |
| July 28, 2025 (10am) | Inaugural session of the 20th Congress |
| July 28, 2025 (4pm) | Joint Session of Congress for the President's State of the Nation Address. |
| July 29, 2025 (9am) | Oath-taking of the newly elected senator-judges before the Senate sitting as an Impeachment Court |
| July 29, 2025 (3pm) | Senate plenary session |
| July 30, 2025 (9am - 2pm) | Start of impeachment trial |
The Senate and House of Representatives formed their own secretariats on February 27 and 28, respectively, to provide administrative support the impeachment trial.

### Senate judges and potential outcome

If 16 out of the sitting 23 senators vote Duterte to be liable in one of the impeachable offenses, Duterte will be removed as vice president and be perpetually disqualified from holding any public office.
It is unclear if Duterte can avoid disqualification by resigning before a conviction. Associate justice Antonio Carpio believes she could do so, while constitutional law professor and lawyer Antonio La Viña differs saying the trial may still proceed despite a potential resignation. While a resignation may prove to be moot and academic, the imposition of the disqualification from public office may still be done. Constitutional law expert Paolo Tamase has a similar opinion describing the issue "open question". Tamase cites the second impeachment of U.S. President Donald Trump in 2021 where the United States Senate still proceeded with the trial despite Trump already ending his first term. Tamase asserts that Article XI, Section 3(7) is based on the American constitution.
The terms of 12 senators are set to expire on June 30, 2025. If the Senate convenes as a court in the next 20th Congress, these lawmakers will not take part unless if they win a fresh mandate in the 2025 election.
Key :
* Term expiring on June 30, 2025
* Term expiring on June 30, 2025 (term-limited)
| Senator | Party | Bloc | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment | Article of Impeachment |
| Senator | Party | Bloc | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th |
| Nancy Binay | UNA | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Alan Peter Cayetano | Independent | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Pia Cayetano | Nacionalista | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Ronald dela Rosa | PDP | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| JV Ejercito | NPC | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Francis Escudero | NPC | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Win Gatchalian | NPC | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Bong Go | PDP | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Risa Hontiveros | Akbayan | Minority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Lito Lapid | NPC | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Loren Legarda | NPC | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Imee Marcos | Nacionalista | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Robin Padilla | PDP | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Koko Pimentel | Nacionalista | Minority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Grace Poe | Independent | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Bong Revilla | Lakas | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Francis Tolentino | PFP | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Raffy Tulfo | Independent | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Joel Villanueva | Independent | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Cynthia Villar | Nacionalista | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Mark Villar | Nacionalista | Majority | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Migz Zubiri | Independent | Independent | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |

## Analysis

Antonio Soriano of the Citizens' Watch for Good Governance questioned the "shotgun" approach of the impeachment complaint. Soriano says that intent regarding Duterte's threat against the president has to be proven. He also believes that Duterte's action under the capacity of mayor of Davao City cannot be used for grounds for her impeachment and details of her alleged misused of confidential funds cannot be publicly disclosed. Soriano even speculated that the motions might even benefit a potential electoral bid of Duterte in the upcoming 2028 elections.
The impeachment procedure is seen gaining traction in the House of Representatives, but the same is not certain in the Senate, as a two-thirds supermajority of 16 out of 24 votes is needed to convict Duterte.
Ronald Llamas of the Galahad Consulting Agency, and political advisor of former president Benigno Aquino III, believes that delaying the impeachment proceedings to after the 2025 mid-term elections would render Marcos a lame-duck president. Llamas said that Marcos's earlier pronouncement to discourage impeachment proceedings can either be taken "at face value" or as a "tactical move" He previously said in August 2024 that formal impeachment proceedings were likely to begin before the 2025 election.

## Response

The Office of the President on December 3 distanced itself from the issue and reiterated its stance of discouraging any impeachment motion against Duterte, stating that it was the right of private citizens to make such moves. Senate President Chiz Escudero had advised his colleagues not to make public pronouncements about the impeachment complaints.
The Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) on December 4 announced plans to hold a rally to oppose the impeachment efforts concurring with President Marcos's stance in November 2024 that efforts to remove Duterte from office is unconstructive. On January 13, 2025, more than 1.5 million INC members went to the "National Rally for Peace" at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila; 12 simultaneous rallies were also staged across the country. Among the politicians who attended the rally at the Quirino Grandstand were Manila mayor Honey Lacuna, former Manila mayor Isko Moreno, partylist representative Rodante Marcoleta, and senators Francis Tolentino, Ronald dela Rosa, Bong Go and Robin Padilla. Bisaya Gyud Partylist first nominee Greco Belgica and Senatorial aspirants Jimmy Bondoc and Phillip Salvador, all of whom are Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (PDP) members, also attended the rally with PDP committee heads Astra Pimentel-Naik and Penny Belmonte. Actress Vivian Velez, a PDP member who has expressed displeasure with Marcos's presidency, was among the rally's attendees, stating to SMNI's Newsblast that "I guess we will only have peace if president Marcos steps down".
After the impeachment motion was passed in the House of Representatives, Sara Duterte said in an address that being rejected by a romantic partner was worse than the impeachment itself, while uttering "God save the Philippines".
If Duterte is convicted, Marcos could select among the qualified members of the House of Representatives and Senate to fill the vacancy. She would also be ineligible to run for any public position in future elections, including the presidency.

## Opinion polling

Support for Duterte's impeachment (December 12–18, 2024) according to the Social Weather Stations (SWS) :
| Region | Agree (for impeachment) | Disagree (against impeachment) | Undecided | Don't know enough | Net |
| Philippines (national) | 41% | 35% | 19% | 5% | +6 |
| National Capital Region | 45% | 37% | 14% | 4% | +8 |
| Balance Luzon | 50% | 25% | 18% | 7% | +25 |
| — North Luzon | 53% | 21% | 23% | 3% | +32 |
| — Central Luzon | 44% | 31% | 18% | 8% | +13 |
| — South Luzon | 52% | 24% | 16% | 8% | +28 |
| Visayas | 40% | 33% | 24% | 7% | +4 |
| Mindanao | 22% | 56% | 18% | 4% | -34 |
| Locale | Agree (for impeachment) | Disagree (against impeachment) | Undecided | Don't know enough | Net |
| Urban | 41% | 37% | 17% | 4% | +4 |
| Rural | 41% | 33% | 20% | 6% | +8 |
| Socio-economic class | Agree (for impeachment) | Disagree (against impeachment) | Undecided | Don't know enough | Net |
| Classes A, B, C | 50% | 34% | 14% | 2% | +16 |
| Class D | 41% | 35% | 19% | 5% | +6 |
| Class E | 37% | 36% | 20% | 7% | +1 |
* Sample size: 2,160, Margin of error: ±2%