OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann Zahn

Johann Zahn (29 March 1641, Karlstadt am Main – 27 June 1707) was the seventeenth-century German author of Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus Sive Telescopium (Würzburg, 1685). This work contains many descriptions and diagrams, illustrations and sketches of both the camera obscura and magic lantern, along with various other lanterns, slides, projection types, peepshow boxes, microscopes, telescopes, reflectors, and lenses. As a student of light, Zahn is considered the most prolific writer and illustrator of the camera obscura.
Zahn was a canon of the Premonstratensian monastery of Oberzell near Würzburg (see Kloster Oberzell).
The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography (that is, actually capturing the image on some sort of medium) was envisioned by Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible to actually build (see History of the camera).
In Oculus Artificialis, Zahn's comprehensive description of the magic lantern (along with twelve other different lanterns) includes some of these lanterns showing for the first time lens covers. This was a very important evolution in the history of the camera, because it meant that the screen could be kept dark while the operator changed the slide.
Zahn used the magic lantern, whose invention he credited to Athanasius Kircher, for anatomical lectures.
He also illustrated a large workshop camera obscura for solar observations using the telescope and scioptric ball. Zahn also includes an illustration of a camera obscura in the shape of a goblet, based on a design described (but not illustrated) by Pierre Hérigone. Zahn also designed several portable camera obscuras, and made one that was 23 inches long. He demonstrated the use of mirrors and lenses to erect the image, enlarge and focus it.
Zahn is also the author of a compendium of mathematics and natural history, titled Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historica Notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum (3025) Religions-Hindu

## Works

* Oculus artificialis teledioptricus sive Telescopium. Vol. 1. Herbi Poli: Quirinus Heyl. 1685. Bibcode:1685oats.book.....Z.
* Oculus artificialis teledioptricus sive Telescopium. Vol. 2. Herbi Poli: Quirinus Heyl, Johann Georg Drullmann. 1686.
* Oculus artificialis teledioptricus sive Telescopium. Vol. 3. Herbi Poli: Quirinus Heyl. 1686.
* Specula physico-mathematico-historica notabilium ac mirabilium sciendorum. Vol. 1. Norimbergae: Johann Christoph Lochner, Andreas Knorz. 1696.
* Specula physico-mathematico-historica notabilium ac mirabilium sciendorum. Vol. 2. Norimbergae: Johann Christoph Lochner, Andreas Knorz. 1696.
* Specula physico-mathematico-historica notabilium ac mirabilium sciendorum. Vol. 3. Norimbergae: Johann Christoph Lochner, Andreas Knorz. 1696.
# Grace Tully

Grace Tully (August 9, 1900 – June 15, 1984) was private secretary to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She succeeded Missy LeHand in June 1941 and served until FDR's death on April 12, 1945.

## Biography

Grace Tully was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. Her father was a businessman and a loyalist to the Democratic Party. He died when she was young, and Tully and her two sisters and brother were raised by their mother. She received her secretarial education at the Grace Institute in New York and, after graduating, was appointed as secretary to Patrick Hayes, bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.
In 1928, Grace Tully started to work for the Democratic National Committee and was assigned to assist Eleanor Roosevelt, who was organizing support for presidential nominee Al Smith. Later that year, when FDR was nominated for Governor of New York, Grace Tully went to work on his staff. After Roosevelt's successful election, Tully began serving as the assistant to Missy LeHand, who was Roosevelt's personal secretary in Roosevelt's office at Albany, New York. Tully was given the dictation and typing duties that Lehand disliked. Tully served with FDR for his four years as governor.
Grace Tully moved to Washington, D.C., in 1933, when Roosevelt was elected president. Both she and Missy LeHand were important figures for FDR during his presidency. Tully frequently accompanied FDR on his trips to Hyde Park and Shangri-La (today called Camp David).
When Missy LeHand suffered a stroke in 1941, Grace Tully took over her position as personal secretary to the President. Tully was not an intimate or romantic companion for Roosevelt in the same way as LeHand had been. She was working for the President at his "Little White House" in Warm Springs in April 1945 and was present at his death. Then she served as the Executive Secretary for the FDR Foundation. In 1949 she published her memoirs, FDR: My Boss. In 1955, she joined the staff of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee, working with Lyndon B. Johnson, the Senate Majority Leader at the time. She retired ten years later and died in 1984.
# 2027 Men's Rugby World Cup – Regional play-off and Final Qualification Tournament

The 2027 Men's Rugby World Cup – Regional play-off and Final Qualification Tournament, which doubles as Final Qualification Tournament for World Rugby Nations Championship's second division, will be the final two stages of the qualifying process for the 2027 Men's Rugby World Cup. The play-offs will begin with two cross-regional play-off matches and concludes with the Final Qualification Tournament.

## Format
### Pacific / Sudamérica qualifying play-off

This play-off will be a play-off series over 2 legs between Sudamérica 2 and Pacific 4, where the winner qualifies for the World Cup and World Rugby Nations Championship's second division as the Sudamérica / Pacific play-off winner. The runner-up will then advance to the Final Qualification Tournament as the Sudamérica / Pacific play-off loser.

### African / Asia play-off

This play-off will be an African / Asia play-off match between Africa 2 and Asia 2, with the winner earning the final spot in the Final Qualification Tournament.

### Final Qualification Tournament

The Final Qualification Tournament will be contested as a four-team round-robin tournament and hosted at a neutral venue. The participating teams will include the fifth placed team from the Europe (Europe 5) and the third placed team from South America (Sudamérica 3).
These two teams will then be joined by the loser of the Pacific / Sudamérica play-off series and the winner of the African / Asia play-off.

## Teams

Six teams will progress to the regional play-off and Final Qualification Tournament stages for the final two non-regional seeds in the World Cup. World rankings are as per date progressing to the play-off phase.
| Nation | Progression date |
| Regional Qualification play-off ||||
| Africa 2 | |
| Asia 2 | 4-5 July 2025 |
| Pacific 4 | 20 September 2025 |
| Sudamérica 2 | |
| Final Qualification Tournament ||||
| Belgium | 15 March 2025 |
| Sudamérica 3 | |

## Pacific / Sudamérica qualifying play-off
### Leg 1

* TBA
| Pacific 4 | v | Sudamérica 3 |
* TBD

### Leg 2

* TBA
| Sudamérica 3 | v | Pacific 4 |
* TBD

## Africa / Asia play-off

* TBA
| Asia 2 | v | Africa 2 |
* TBD

## Final Qualification Tournament

* Qualified as Final Qualification Tournament winner
| Pos. | Nation | Games | Games | Games | Games | Points | Points | Points | Try Bonus | Losing Bonus | Table points |
| Pos. | Nation | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Diff. | Try Bonus | Losing Bonus | Table points |
| | Belgium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Sudamérica 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Pacific / Sudamérica play-off loser | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | African / Asia play-off winner | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Points were awarded to the teams as follows: 4 points for a win, 2 points for a draw, no points for a loss 1 bonus point for scoring 4 or more tries (TBP) 1 bonus point for a loss by 7 points or under (LBP) |
# Ashlei Sharpe Chestnut

Ashlei Sharpe Chestnut is an American actress and writer who has worked on Broadway, film and television. She is best known for her roles as Ensign Sidney La Forge in the third season of Star Trek: Picard (2023) and Doctor Naomi Howard in Chicago Med.

## Early life

Ashlei Sharpe Chestnut was born to Leslie Sharpe Chestnut and Charles S. Chestnut IV and was raised in Charlotte, North Carolina. Chestnut attended Northwest School of the Arts with a major in Theatre and minor in Dance. In 2015, she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Acting from The University of North Carolina at Greensboro's School of Music, Theatre and Dance.

## Stage credits

| Year | Title | Author | Director | Role | Theater | Notes |
| 2014 | "Brother Wolf" | Preston Lane | Preston Lane | Shadow | Triad Stage | |
| 2014 | "A Christmas Carol" | Charles Dickens | Bryan Conger | Belle | Triad Stage | |
| 2016 | The Crucible | Arthur Miller | Ivo van Hove | Susanna Walcott u/s Abigail Williams | Walter Kerr Theatre | 2016 Broadway Revival Cast Broadway Debut |
| 2017 | A Doll's House, Part 2 | Lucas Hnath | Sam Gold | u/s Emmy Helmer | John Golden Theatre | Original Broadway Cast |

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2015 | Gotham | Officer Katherine Parks | Episode: "A Bitter Pill to Swallow" |
| 2016 | The Mysteries of Laura | Becky | Episode: "The Mystery of the Dark Heart" |
| 2016— 2017 | Homeland | Simone Bah | Recurring |
| 2018 | The Good Fight | Rachelle Dabrezil | Episode: "Day 464" |
| 2018 | Amazon Studios: Panic | Natalie Williams | Main role pilot |
| 2019 | Instinct | Theresa Daniels | Episode: "Grey Matter" |
| 2019 | Prodigal Son | Islande | Episode: "The Trip" |
| 2020 | Farewell/ Our Deadly Vows | Stacey | ABFF and BFF |
| 2020 | Give or Take | Stella | WHFF |
| 2021 | Cruel Summer | Ashley Wallis | Recurring Guest Star |
| 2021 | National Parks | Penny Stanton | Main role |
| 2022 | Rap Sh!t | Fatima Assan | Recurring Guest Star |
| 2022— 2023 | NCIS: Los Angeles | FBI Special Agent Summer Morehurst | Recurring Guest Star |
| 2023 | Star Trek: Picard | Ensign Sidney La Forge | 10 episodes |
| 2023 | The Ready Room | Herself | Episode: "The Bounty" |
| 2024 | Dear Luke, Love Me | Madison | |
| 2024 | Mistletoe & Matrimony | Olivia Morris | |
| 2024— present | Chicago Med | Student Doctor Naomi Howard | Recurring Guest Star |
# David Malloy

David Ernest Malloy is an American country music and pop songwriter, record producer and A&R executive with 41 number one hits in some category. He has received multiple Grammy nominations, as writer and/or producer, and has worked with many artists and projects including USA for Africa, Tim McGraw, Dancing with the Stars Julianne Hough, Eddie Rabbitt, Dolly Parton, Reba McEntire, Kenny Rogers, Mindy McCready, Badfinger, and Tanya Tucker. Malloy received Grammy nominations for writing the songs "Driving My Life Away" and "One Voice". He received the BMI Burton Award for "Suspicions", a song he wrote with Rabbitt.

## Early life

Music was a major part of Malloy's life from an early age. His father, Jim Malloy, is a Grammy Award–winning recording engineer. When Malloy was young, his father worked in recording studios around Los Angeles, but the family moved to Nashville when David was 13. Malloy took his first guitar lesson at 15 and immediately knew that he wanted to write and produce music for a living.

## Music career

Malloy's first major success as a songwriter/producer came in a collaborative effort with country music artists and songwriters Eddie Rabbitt and Even Stevens. Together they produced 16 number one hits. The success Malloy experienced with Rabbitt laid the groundwork for production and songwriting work with artists like Kenny Rogers, Dolly Parton, Tanya Tucker, Badfinger and Billy Burnette in the 1980s.
Malloy worked in the A&R department of Columbia/Epic Records and then ran the Nashville division of Elektra Records, and was a producer at Elektra in Los Angeles. Malloy produced the Mercury Records debut of Dancing with the Stars' Julianne Hough. The CD entered the country charts at number 1 and at number 3 on the overall Hot 100 chart. He also enjoyed chart success with Tim McGraw's version of "Suspicions" (written with Rabbitt). Other recent projects include co-producing a beach-themed concept album, Edge of the Blue, with songwriter/producer Tim Johnson.
Malloy largely retired from music in 2005 following the death of his son, but returned in 2024 to release an album titled Mirror.
# Afghanistan National Institute of Music

The Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM) is an exiled school of music that was formerly operated in Kabul, Afghanistan until the recapturing of Kabul by the Taliban and is currently based in Braga, Portugal. It was founded in 2010 by the Afghan-Australian ethnomusicologist Dr. Ahmad Naser Sarmast, and offers a curriculum combining the tuition of both Afghan and Western music. ANIM is a co-educational institute.
Per an agreement between Sarmast and the Afghan Ministry of Education, the school accommodates both exceptionally talented students and underprivileged children.

## History

In 2006, Dr. Ahmad Naser Sarmast, then a Research Fellow at the Monash School of Music and Asia Institute, of Australia's Monash University, returned to Afghanistan to assess the situation after many years of living in exile. A second trip was made in 2007 to discuss the implementation of the pilot project with the Afghan authorities and more precisely, the rebuilding of music education through establishing a dedicated music school for disadvantaged Afghan children. In April 2008, after two years of negotiations with Afghan authorities, Sarmast went again to Afghanistan to lead and implement the establishment of the Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM).
In 2013, ANIM's Afghan Youth Orchestra toured the United States, including performances at Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center.
In 2014, a suicide bomb attack at a student concert killed an audience member and the bomber, and injured many more, including Sarmast himself, who lost some of his hearing.
In 2015, the first Afghan female conductor, 17-year-old Negin Khpalwak, held her first concert with an all-female ensemble. As of 2018, a third of the 250 students are female and the proportion is growing; in 2019, Sarmast took the all-female Zohra Orchestra on a European tour.
In 2018, the Afghanistan National Institute of Music and Sarmast were awarded the Polar Music Prize.
After the Taliban's recapturing of Kabul on 15 August 2021, everything was destroyed, including all the school's instruments, and ANIM's administrators and students relocated to Braga, Portugal.
# Ramjas School

Ramjas School may refer to:
* Ramjas Public School (Day Boarding), Anand Parbat, New Delhi, India
* Ramjas School, Pusa Road, Pusa Road, New Delhi, India
* Ramjas School, R. K. Puram, Rama Krishna Puram, New Delhi, India
* Ramjas College, constituent college of University of Delhi, Delhi India
# 1914 Oklahoma Sooners football team

The 1914 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1914 college football season. In their 10th year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 9–1–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 440 to 96.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 26 | | Central State (OK) | Boyd FieldNorman, OK | W 67–0 | |
| October 3 | | at Kingfisher | Kingfisher, OK | W 63–0 | |
| October 9 | | East Central | Boyd FieldNorman, OK | W 96–6 | |
| October 17 | | Missouri | Boyd FieldNorman, OK (rivalry) | W 13–0 | |
| October 24 | | vs. Texas | Fair Park StadiumDallas, TX (Red River Shootout) | L 7–32 | 7,500 |
| October 31 | | at Kansas | McCook FieldLawrence, KS | T 16–16 | 4,000 |
| November 6 | 3:36 p.m. | Oklahoma A&M | Boyd FieldNorman, OK (Bedlam) | W 28–6 | |
| November 13 | | at Kansas State | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS | W 52–10 | |
| November 21 | 3:30 p.m. | vs. Arkansas | Fair ParkOklahoma City, OK | W 35–7 | |
| November 26 | | vs. Haskell | Association ParkKansas City, MO | W 33–12 | 5,000 |
| November 30 | | at Kendall | Tulsa, OK | W 26–7 | |
# RMLL

RMLL may stand for:
* Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League
* Rencontres Mondiales du Logiciel Libre, the French name of the Libre Software Meeting
* Revolutionary Marxist–Leninist League
# Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig

Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig (2014) C‑333/13 is an EU law case, concerning the free movement of citizens in the European Union.

## Facts

Ms Dano and her son Florin, Romanian nationals, claimed an entitlement to unemployment benefits at the Leipzig Social Court, after being denied by the Jobcenter Leipzig. She was not seeking employment, had no training and had not worked in Germany or Romania before, but had lived in Germany since November 2010 at her sister’s home. Ms Dano received €184 per month in child benefits and €133 per month for maintenance payments. The German law on Grundsicherung denied help to people who enter purely for social assistance or while searching for employment. The Social Code Book II (Sozialgesetzbuch II) said a person must be ‘capable of earning a living’ although the code as a whole was ‘to enable the beneficiaries to lead a life in keeping with human dignity’. It excluded ‘foreign nationals whose right of residence arises solely out of the search for employment and their family members’.

## Judgment
### Advocate General Opinion

AG Wathelet advised that Ms Dano should not be entitled to social assistance. 131. ‘It serves to prevent persons exercising their right to free movement without intending to integrate themselves from becoming a burden on the social assistance system... In other words, it serves to prevent abuse and a certain form of ‘benefit tourism’.’

### Court of Justice

The Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice held Ms Dano did not have sufficient resources and could not claim a right of residence in Germany. Therefore, they could not invoke the principle of non-discrimination in the Directive and Regulation. The Citizens Rights Directive article 24(2) did not require granting social assistance in the first three months of residence. The right to equal treatment depends on ‘residing on the basis of this Directive’. Under article 7(1)(b) that requires one to ‘have sufficient resources for themselves and their family members not to become a burden on the social assistance system’. For residence between three months and five years, economically inactive persons should have sufficient resources of their own to prevent a host member state’s welfare system being used as a means of subsistence. A member state should be able to refuse social assistance to economically inactive citizens. Domestic law can exclude migrants from ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’ although they are granted to nationals of the host member state who are in the same situation. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) did not apply, because when member states put conditions on benefits and their extent, they are not implementing EU law.
   78 ... Member State must therefore have the possibility... of refusing to grant social benefits to economically inactive Union citizens who exercise their right to freedom of movement solely in order to obtain another Member State’s social assistance although they do not have sufficient resources to claim a right of residence
# Rancho Cañada de Salsipuedes

Rancho Cañada de Salsipuedes was a 6,656-acre (26.94 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Pedro Cordero. Salsipuedes means "get out if you can", and the name refers to the narrow winding canyons and trails along Salsipuedes Creek. The grant was southeast of present-day Lompoc.

## History

Pedro Regalado Cordero (1785-1851) was the son of Mariano Antonio Cordero (1750-1821). He married Maria Dolores Claudia Quijada (1793-1843) of Rancho Bolsa de Chamisal in 1808. He was granted the one and a half square league Rancho Cañada de Salsipuedes in 1844. The rancho was only a few miles west of Rancho Las Cruces granted to his brother Miguel Cordero in 1837.
In 1850, John C. Kays (often referred to as "Keyes" in documents) purchased the rancho from Pedro Cordero. John C. Kays (1813-1896), born in Ireland, came to America in 1833. In 1842, he came to Los Angeles, where he operated a dry-goods business. He served in the army during the Mexican–American War. In 1847 he married Josefa, a daughter of Captain Burke. In 1849 he moved to Santa Barbara, where he operated a dry-goods business.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Cañada de Salsipuedes was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to John C. Kays in 1874.
Kays amassed a considerable fortune, owning at one time three ranchos; but he lost them in real-estate speculations. Colonel W.W. Hollister and Thomas and Albert Dibblee purchased Rancho Cañada de Salsipuedes.
# Expedition 73

Expedition 73 will be the 73rd long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). The expedition will begin with the departure of Soyuz MS-26, expected to take place in mid-April 2025. Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will serve as the commander of the expedition, the third JAXA astronaut to take command of the station. It will continue the extensive scientific research conducted aboard the ISS, focusing on various fields, including biology, human physiology, physics, and materials science. The crew members will also maintain and upgrade the space station systems.

## Crew

| Flight | Crew member | Increment 73 |
| SpaceX Crew-10 (planned) | Anne McClain, NASA Second spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
| SpaceX Crew-10 (planned) | Nichole Ayers, NASA First spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
| SpaceX Crew-10 (planned) | Takuya Onishi, JAXA Second spaceflight | Commander |
| SpaceX Crew-10 (planned) | Kirill Peskov, Roscosmos First spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
| Soyuz MS-27 (planned) | Sergey Ryzhikov, Roscosmos Third spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
| Soyuz MS-27 (planned) | Alexey Zubritsky, Roscosmos First spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
| Soyuz MS-27 (planned) | Jonny Kim, NASA First spaceflight | Flight Engineer |
# Daejeon station (Daejeon Metro)

Daejeon Station (Korean: 대전역; Hanja: 大田驛) is a station of the Daejeon Metro Line 1 in Jeong-dong, Dong District, Daejeon, South Korea.
# Haringhata Mahavidyalaya

Haringhata Mahavidyalaya, established in 1986, is a general degree college in Nadia district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to University of Kalyani.

## Location

The college is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Barajaguli, beside National Highway 34.

## Departments
### Science

* Chemistry
* Physics
* Mathematics
* Computer Science

### Arts and Commerce

* Bengali
* English
* History
* Geography
* Political Science
* Economics
* Sociology
* Sanskrit
* Philosophy
* Physical Education
* Education
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). In 2006, it was accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and awarded B grade, an accreditation that has since then expired.