# Timeline of motor vehicle brands

This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appearance of the main (perhaps only) model that was produced.
This also gives an idea of what motor vehicles were appearing on the streets in each country around each date (allowing, too, for imports from other countries). Moreover, by showing which models were contemporary, it gives a first indication of how individual designers were being influenced by each other, and a flavor of the entrepreneurial spirit and dynamics of the pioneering days of motor vehicle manufacture.
Within each year, and country of origin, the lists are structured according to the type of vehicle first introduced. These include the following types: steam, electric, hybrid electric, internal-combustion, touring car, roadster, tonneau, phaeton, cyclecar, light car, voiturette, runabout, high wheeler, buggy, tricar, motor quadricycle, motor tricycle, motorcycle, coach, bus, fire-engine, truck, tractor, racing car, avant-train.

## Veteran era
### 1852?

Russia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co.

### 1860

Thomas Rickett's steam-powered car was particularly notable in the history of motor vehicle production inasmuch as several examples were made, and it was also advertised.
UK. Steam: Rickett

### 1861

US. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon

### 1873

The Bollée family played a significant part in the history of motor vehicle manufacture; the father with his steam car, and one of his sons, in 1895, with an internal-combustion engine design.
France. Steam bus: Amédée Bollée

### 1883

France. Steam: De Dion-Bouton (later internal-combustion, with a patent in 1889)

### 1884

France. Internal-combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville

### 1885

Karl Benz's vehicle was the first true automobile, entirely designed as such, rather than simply being a motorized stage coach or horse carriage. This is why he was granted his patent, and is regarded as its inventor. His wife and sons became the first true motorists, in 1889, when they took the car out for the specific task of paying a family visit.
Germany. Internal-combustion: Benz
UK. Internal-combustion: Butler
US. Electric: Armstrong Electric

### 1887

UK. Motorcycle: New Imperial

### 1889

The first Daimler car was a converted carriage, but with innovations that are still adopted today (cushioned engine mountings, fan cooling, finned-radiator water cooling).
France. Steam: Peugeot (later internal-combustion, and the first to be entered in an organised race, albeit for bicycles, Paris–Brest–Paris)
Germany. Internal-combustion: Daimler (DMG)
UK. Internal-combustion: Santler
US. Internal-combustion rotary engine: Adams-Farwell

### 1890

Panhard and Levassor's design of a front-mounted engine established the layout of the majority of cars since then.
France. Internal-combustion: Panhard-Levassor

### 1891

US. Steam: Black; steam tractor: Avery; internal-combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy

### 1893

France. Electric (and later internal-combustion): Jeantaud
UK. Steam: Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker)
US. Internal-combustion: Elmore, Duryea

### 1894

France. Internal-combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte, Berliet, Delahaye
UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield
US. Electric: Electrobat

### 1895

France. Internal-combustion: Léon Bollée, Corre, Rochet-Schneider
UK. Internal-combustion: Knight, Lanchester
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Laurin & Klement (later Škoda)
US. Electric: Morris & Salom
US. Internal-combustion: De La Vergne

### 1896

In the UK, the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 replaced the hugely restrictive Locomotive Acts of 1861, 1865 and 1878 (the so-called Red Flag acts) thereby finally freeing up the automotive industry in the UK (and, incidentally, was also the origin of the celebrations of the first London to Brighton Veteran Car Run). Knight had been convicted under the old act, the previous year, for not having a man precede his vehicle with a red flag, and Walter Arnold was the first person to be convicted, in January 1896, for exceeding the speed limit. Meanwhile, Serpollet was issued with what was effectively the first driving licence.
France. Steam: Gardner-Serpollet; internal-combustion: Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol, Darracq, Lorraine-Dietrich, Triouleyre; voiturette: Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon, Léon Bollée; motorcycle: Clément and Gladiator
Italy. Internal-combustion: Enrico Bernardi
Russia. Internal-combustion: Yakovlev-Frese
UK. Steam: Leyland; internal-combustion: Anglo-French, Arnold, Arrol-Johnston, Atkinson and Philipson; motorcycle: Excelsior, motor tricycle: Ariel
US. Internal-combustion: Altham, Black, Electric & internal-combustion: Brewster, Haynes-Apperson

### 1897

France. Steam: Montier & Gillet; electric: Krieger; internal-combustion: Grivel, Juzan, Société Parisienne, Mors; voiturette: Decauville, Richard; avant-train: Amiot
UK. Steam: Toward & Philipson; Electric: Bushbury Electric, Neale; electric phaeton: Electric Motive Power; internal-combustion: Belsize; bus: Thomas Harrington
US. Electric: Pope; Internal-combustion: Autocar, Oldsmobile, Plass, Winton
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Präsident (Tatra)

### 1898

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Delecroix, Métallurgique
France. Internal-combustion: Ailloud, Astresse, Auge, David & Bourgeois, De Dietrich, Lufbery, Poron, Tourey; voiturette: Le Blon, De Riancey; trucks and tractors: Latil; avant-train: Ponsard-Ansaloni
Germany. Electric: Kühlstein; internal-combustion: AWE, Wartburg
Italy. Internal-combustion: Ceirano GB & C; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Prinetti & Stucchi
UK. Electric: Oppermann; internal-combustion: Alldays & Onions, Grose, James and Browne, Madelvic, Star; tricar: Humber; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Arsenal, Eadie, Leuchters; motorcycle: Swift,
US. Steam: American Waltham; electric: Riker; internal-combustion: Rutenber, St. Louis; buggy: Stearns

### 1899

Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus
France. Electric: Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre, Monnard; internal-combustion: Allard-Latour, Esculape, La Lorraine, Luc Court, Marot-Gardon, Raouval, Renault (including the first saloon car), Turcat-Méry; light car: Naptholette; voiturette: Andre Py, Cochotte, Populaire, Rouxel; alcohol fuelled: L'Alkolumine
Germany. Internal-combustion: Opel
Italy. Internal-combustion: Fiat
Russia. Electric: Kukushka
UK. Electric: Joel-Rosenthal; internal-combustion: Accles-Turrell, Geering; voiturette: Argyll; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Allard, Anglo-American; motorcycle: Coventry-Eagle, OK-Supreme, Quadrant, Royal Enfield
US. Steam: Century, Grout, Kensington, Keystone, Kidder, Leach, Liquid Air, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, Waltham Steam; electric: American Electric, Baker, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile, Van Wagoner, Woods; internal-combustion: American, Black, Bramwell-Robinson, Buick, Gasmobile, Gurley, Holyoke, International, Media, Oakman-Hertel, Packard (Ohio), Quick, Sintz

### 1900

Belgium. Hybrid: Pieper; internal-combustion: Nagant, Pipe; voiturette: Antoine
Canada. Electric: Canadian Motor
France. Internal-combustion: Ader, Ardent, Chenard-Walcker, Maillard, Nanceene, Otto; voiturette: Chainless, Soncin; motorcycle: Buchet, Castoldi
Germany. Internal-combustion: Adler, Albion; voiturette: AGG; motorcycle (later trucks): Phänomen
Italy. Internal-combustion: Isotta Fraschini
UK. Internal-combustion: Hewinson-Bell, Napier, Smith & Dowse; voiturette: Billings-Burns; motorcycle: Rex-Acme
US. Steam: Tractobile, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope, Skene, Steamobile; electric: Hewitt-Lindstrom, National; internal-combustion: Auburn, Canda, California, Eureka, Holley, Keystone, Knox, Lozier, Peerless, Rambler, Stearns-Knight; tractor: Samson; truck: Detroit

### 1901

Canada. Light car: Queen
France. Internal-combustion: Charron, Corre La Licorne; voiturette: L'Ardennais, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray, Korn et Latil, Malliary; light car: De Boisse
Germany. Internal-combustion: Horch, Stoewer; motorcycle: NSU
UK. Electric: Electromobile; internal-combustion: Asquith, Imperial, John O'Gaunt, Sunbeam, paraffin fuelled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecar: Campion; light car: Ralph Gilbert; voiturette: Wolseley; motorcycle: Matchless, Singer
US. Steam: Aultman, Binney & Burnham, Covert, Desberon, Hidley, Hudson, Reading Steamer, Stearns, White; internal-combustion: Altman, Apperson, Buffalo, Buffum, De Dion, Empire, Marion, Pierce-Arrow, Schaum; touring car: Austin; runabout: Stevens-Duryea; high wheeler: Holsman; motorcycle: Indian

### 1902

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Minerva
France. Internal-combustion: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier
Germany. Internal-combustion: Aachener, AEG, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorised tricycle/quadricycle: Cyklon
Russia. Electric: Dux
Spain. Internal-combustion: Anglada
UK. Steam: Vapomobile; internal-combustion: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay, Rover, Vulcan; voiturette: Esculapeus, tricar: Advance; motorcycle: Norton, Triumph
US. Steam: Clipper, Hoffman, Richmond, Stanley; electric: Studebaker; internal-combustion: Blood, Brennan, Cadillac, Cameron, Cannon, Clarkmobile, Franklin (automobile), Gaeth, Hammer-Sommer, Kirk, Marmon, Reber; runabout: Glide (automobile), Smith, Standard Steel; touring car: Spaulding; light car: Greenleaf, Orient; buggy: American, Union; compound expansion: Eisenhuth; truck: Rapid

### 1903

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Excelsior
France. Internal-combustion: Ariès, Clément-Bayard, Delaunay-Belleville, Hotchkiss, Regal, Talbot; light car: Henry Bauchet
Germany. Internal-combustion bus/truck: Büssing
UK. Electric: Lems; steam (and internal-combustion): Albany; internal-combustion: Attila, Elswick, Kyma, Lea-Francis, Lee Stroyer, Standard, Vauxhall, Whitlock; avant-train: Adams; motorcycle: Chater-Lea, New Hudson, Wilkinson Sword
US. Steam: Jaxon; internal-combustion: American Chocolate (Walter), Bates, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson, Vermont, Wilson; motorcycles: Harley-Davidson, touring car: Acme, Berg, Logan, Michigan, Iroquois, Jackson, Phelps, Premier; roadster: Buckmobile; runabout: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher

### 1904

Canada. Internal-combustion: Russell
France. Internal-combustion: Cottin & Desgouttes, Grégoire; voiturette: Lavie; motor tricycle: La Va Bon Train
Germany. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Wenkelmobil
Italy. Internal-combustion: Itala
Spain. Internal-combustion: Hispano-Suiza
UK. Electric: Imperial; internal-combustion: Arbee, Armstrong Whitworth, Ascot, Calthorpe, Chambers, Crossley, Croxted, Iden, Motor Carrier, Queen; voiturette: Achilles; light car: Gilburt; tricar: Garrard; motorcycle: Phelon & Moore, Zenith
US. Steam: Empire Steamer; electric: Berwick, Marquette; internal-combustion: American, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie, Cleveland, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne, Maxwell, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine, Queen, Sampson, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland), Standard, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring car: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller, Jeffery, Pungs Finch, Richmond, Royal, Thomas, Upton; runabout: Courier, Fredonia, Northern, Pierce, Pope-Tribune; tractor: Holt

## Brass era
### 1905

France. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Brasier, Charlon, Couverchel, Delage, Eudelin, Rolland-Pilain, Sizaire-Naudin; touring car: Rebour; light car: Helbé, Urric; voiturette: Eureka; motorcycle: Herdtle & Bruneau
Germany. Steam: Altmann; internal-combustion: Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, Solidor
Italy. Internal-combustion: Diatto, Zust
UK. Electric: Alexandra, Ekstromer; internal-combustion: Adams, Austin, Edismith, Riley, Sunbeam-Talbot, Talbot; light car: One of the Best; tricar: Anglian; motorcycle: Velocette
US. Electric: Rauch and Lang; internal-combustion: Aerocar, Ardsley, Ariel, Cartercar, Corwin, Crown, Harrison, Haynes, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules, Stoddard-Dayton; touring car: Detroit-Oxford, Diamond T, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, USA Daimler; roadster: Walker, Western; light car: Bell, buggy: Deal, Hammer; motorcycle: Excelsior-Henderson, Shawmobile

### 1906

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Impéria; hybrid: Auto-Mixte
France. Internal-combustion: AM, Ampère, Antoinette, Lion-Peugeot, Unic; light car: Doriot, Flandrin & Parant; voiturette and motorcycle: Alcyon
Germany. Internal-combustion: AAG
Italy. Internal-combustion: Aquila Italiana, Fial, Peugeot-Croizat, SCAT, SPA, Standard
UK. Internal-combustion: All-British, Ladas, Marlborough, Rolls-Royce; light car: Jowett; tricar: Addison, Armadale; dual-control car: Academy; hybrid bus: Tilling-Stevens; motorcycle: Dot
US. Steam: Doble, Ross; electric: Babcock; internal-combustion: ALCO, American, American Simplex, Apollo, Atlas, Bliss, Car de Luxe, Deere, Dorris, Dragon, Frontenac, Hol-Tan, Jewell, Kissel, Model, Moore (Ball-Bearing Car); touring car: Heine-Velox, Moon; roadster: Colburn; light car: Janney; high wheeler: ABC, Black, McIntyre, Success

### 1907

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Springuel
Canada. Internal-combustion: McLaughlin
France. Internal-combustion: Ariane, Jean-Bart, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette: Couteret, Obus, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar: Austral, Mototri Contal; hybrid: AL; amphibious: Ravailler; racing car: De Bazelaire
UK. Internal-combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane, Hillman; truck: Commer; motorcycle: Douglas
US. Electric: American Juvenile Electric, Detroit Electric; internal-combustion: Allen Kingston, Anderson, Carter Twin-Engine, Continental, Corbitt, Fuller, Griswold, Maryland, Kiblinger, Oakland, Regal, Speedwell; high wheeler: Eureka, Hatfield, Single Center, Staver; roadster: CVI; runabout: Albany, Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel, Nielson

### 1908

France. Internal-combustion: Le Pratic, X; phaeton: Siscart; voiturette: Roussel
Germany. Internal-combustion: Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir, Lloyd
Italy. Internal-combustion: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino
Russia. Internal-combustion: Russo-Balt
UK. Internal-combustion: Arno, Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car: Argon; light car: Alex; motorcycle: Premier
US. Internal-combustion: Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope, Havers, Imperial, Paige, Sears, Velie; touring car: Moyer; high wheeler: Cole, De Schaum, DeWitt, Hobbie Accessible, Michigan; runabout: Simplo; cyclecar: Browniekar; buggy: Davis

### 1909

France. Internal-combustion: Bugatti, FL, La Ponette, Le Zèbre
Italy. Racing car: Brixia-Zust; motorcycle: Della Ferrera
Netherlands. Internal-combustion: Entrop
UK. Internal-combustion: Pilot
US. Internal-combustion: Abbott-Detroit, Anhut, Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart, Cutting, EMF, Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State, Lion, Pilot; touring car: Crawford, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six; roadster: Coyote, Hudson, Kauffman; runabout: Brush; small car: Herreshoff, Hitchcock, KRIT; light car: Courier; buggy: Paterson; raceabout: Mercer; racing car: McFarlan; truck: Chase, Sanford-Herbert

### 1910

Canada. Internal-combustion: Gareau
France. Internal-combustion: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, Mathis, Plasson; light car: Simplicia; cyclecar: Bédélia
Germany. Internal-combustion: Ansbach, Apollo, Audi
Italy. Internal-combustion: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri
UK. Steam: AMC; internal-combustion: Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar: GN
US. Electric: Grinnell; internal-combustion: Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders, Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington, Maytag-Mason, Parry, Spaulding, United States; touring car: Carhartt, Chalmers, Detroit-Dearborn, Etnyre, Faulkner-Blanchard, Great Southern; tonneau: Henry, Midland; roadster: Ames, King-Remick, Penn; runabout: Empire; cyclecar: Autoette; high wheeler: Anchor Buggy; buggy: Aldo

### 1911

Canada. Internal-combustion: Clinton
France. Cyclecar: Enders
Germany. Internal-combustion: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve: Standard
Italy. Motorcycle: Benelli
UK. Internal-combustion: Aberdonia, AGR, Airedale, GWK, Newton-Bennett, Roper-Corbet; cyclecar: Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert; motorcycle: Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, Villiers
US. Electric: Hupp-Yeats, Century, Dayton Electric; internal-combustion: America, Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day, Gaylord, American Jonz (automobile) (The American), King, Komet, Marathon, Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield, Stutz, Virginian, Willys; tractor: Mogul; fire-engine: Ahrens-Fox,

### 1912

Argentina: Internal-combustion: Anasagasti
Canada. Internal-combustion: Amherst
France. Electric: Anderson Electric, internal-combustion: Albatros, Alda, Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, SCAP; light car: Luxior, truck: Laffly, avant-train: Ponts,
Hungary. Internal-combustion: Raba
Italy. Internal-combustion: Storero
Spain. Internal-combustion: Abadal
UK. Steam: Sheppee; internal-combustion: ABC; cyclecar: Adamson, Arden, Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch, Hampton, HCE, Tiny, Tyseley; motorcycle: NUT, Sunbeam
US. Electric: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal-combustion: Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder, Standard; touring car: Miller, Westcott; light-car: Lad's Car, Little; tricar: American Tri-Car, motorcycle: Cyclone; truck: Brockway, Palmer-Moore

### 1913

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Alatac
France. Internal-combustion: Ajax, Alba, Alva, Rougier; cyclecar: Jouvie
Spain. Cyclecar: David
UK. Internal-combustion: Morris, Perry, Woodrow, WW; light car: Ace, Lucar; cyclecar: Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam, BPD, Britannia, Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne, Wilbrook, Wrigley; motocycle: Montgomery
US. Electric: American Electric; internal-combustion: Allen (Ohio), Allen (Philadelphia), Chandler, Flyer, Grant, Lyons-Knight, Monarch; cyclecar: Car-Nation, Coey, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout, JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess, Twombly; touring car: Keeton; roadster: Saxon, Scripps-Booth; sports car: Duesenberg; motocycle: Bi-Autogo

### 1914

France. Internal-combustion: Ascot, Donnet-Zedel; light car: Nardini
Japan. Internal-combustion: DAT
Italy. Maserati
UK. Internal-combustion: Trojan, Utopian; light car: Bifort, cyclecar: Bradwell, Buckingham, Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motocycle: ABC
US. Electric: Ward; internal-combustion: Ajax, American, Benham, Dile, Keystone, Light, Monroe, MPM, Partin, Willys-Knight; touring car: Alter; roadster: Metz, Vulcan; light car: Fischer, Lincoln; cyclecar: Argo, Arrow, Biesel, CAC, Cricket, Davis, Dodge, Engler, Excel, Hawk, Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones, Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia

### 1915

Canada. Internal-combustion: Gray-Dort, Regal
UK. Internal-combustion: Atalanta; sports car: Aston Martin
US. Electric: Menominee, hybrid electric: Owen Magnetic, internal-combustion: All-Steel, Apple, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe, Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross, Smith Flyer, light car: Bell, Harvard, cyclecar: Koppin, racing car: Frontenac,

### 1916

Russia: AMO
US. Electric: Belmont; internal-combustion: Aland, American Junior, Auto Red Bug, Bush, Daniels, Dixie Flyer, Hackett, HAL, Jordan, Liberty, Sun, Yale; touring car: Barley, Marion-Handley,
Germany: BMW

### 1917

Canada. Internal-combustion: Moose Jaw Standard
UK. Cyclecar: Gibbons
US. Internal-combustion: Able, Amalgamated, American, Anderson, Columbia, Commonwealth, Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar; touring car: Harroun, Nelson, Olympian; light car: Gem; truck: Nash,

### 1918

Italy: trucks OM
UK. Internal-combustion: All British Ford; motorcycle: Cotton
US. Steam: Bryan, internal-combustion: Essex; motorcycle: Ner-a-Car

### 1919

France. Internal-combustion: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar: ASS, Soriano-Pedroso
Germany. Internal-combustion: AGA, Anker
UK. Internal-combustion: Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower, Ruston-Hornsby, Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecar: Aero Car, Ashby, AV, Castle Three, Economic, Tamplin; motorcycle: Brough Superior, Coventry-Victor, Dunelt, Duzmo
US. Internal-combustion: Amco, Argonne, Climber, Du Pont, Graham-Paige; truck: Huffman

## Vintage era
### 1920

Belgium. Light car: ALP
France. Electric: Electricar; internal-combustion: Janémian, Jouffret, Radior; cyclecar: Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, Santax; sports car: Fonlupt
Germany. Internal-combustion: Joswin, Selve; touring car: Steiger
Japan: Mazda
UK. Internal-combustion: Aeroford, Cubitt, Galloway, Palmerston, Payze; light car: Albert; cyclecar: Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell, Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound, Cambro, CFB, Winson; sports car: Sports Junior
USA: Ace, Alsace, Aluminum, Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll, Colonial, Colonial/Shaw, Friend, Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette, Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan, Standard Steam Car, Stanwood

### 1921

Canada: Brock Six, London Six
France: Amilcar, Ballot, Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, Solanet
Germany: Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic, Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, Zündapp
Italy: Ansaldo, Aurea, IENA, motorcycle: Moto Guzzi
Japan: Ales
UK: Amazon, Barnard, Scott Sociable, Skeoch
US. Steam: Coats, Davis, internal combustion: Adria, Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic, Birmingham, Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant, Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler, Wills Sainte Claire

### 1922

Canada: Colonial
France: Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG, Vaillant
Germany: Juho, Komet
UK: Abbey, Abingdon, Albatros, Alberford, Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynne, Packman & Poppe, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, Xtra
US. Steam: Alena, American Steamer, Endurance, internal combustion: ABC, Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker, DAC, Dagmar, Detroit, Gray, Jewett, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker, Star, Stewart-Coats

### 1923

Belgium: ADK, De Wandre, Juwel
Canada. Steam: Brooks
France: Bell, Henou, Willème
Germany: Alan, Kenter, Pilot, motorcycle: BMW
UK: Astral, Urecar
USA: Flint, Rugby

### 1924

Czech Republic: Skoda
France: AEM, AS, Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset
Germany: Amor, Ehrhardt-Szawe, Tempo
Japan: Otomo
UK: HRD, Morris, Paydell
US. Steam: American; internal-combustion: Chrysler, Junior R, Pennant

### 1925

Belgium: Jeecy-Vea
France: Heinis, Jack Sport
Germany: Hanomag, Sablatnig-Beuchelt, Seidel-Arop
Italy: Amilcar Italiana, Maggiora, Moretti
UK: Brocklebank, Invicta, Jappic, McEvoy, MG
USA: Empire Steam Car, Ajax, Diana

### 1926

France: Alma, Arzac, Chaigneau-Brasier, Constantinesco, Lambert, Ratier, SAFAF, Sensaud de Lavaud, Tracta
Germany: Daimler-Benz, Gutbrod, Mercedes-Benz
UK: Arab, HP, Marendaz, Swallow
USA: Ansted, Divco, Dodgeson
Pontiac

### 1927

France: Rosengart, Silva-Coroner
UK: Arrol-Aster, Avro, Streamline (Burney Car)
USA: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle
Sweden: Volvo

### 1928

Germany: BMW, DKW
UK: Ascot, Vincent
USA: DeSoto, Plymouth

### 1929

France: Alphi, Michel Irat
Germany: Borgward
Italy: Ferrari
Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Izh
Spain: National Pescara
UK: Alta
USA: American Austin, Blackhawk, Cord, Roosevelt, Ruxton, Viking, Windsor

## Pre-war years
### 1930

Belgium: Astra
France: AER, Virus
Germany: Ardie-Ganz
Soviet Union: KIM

### 1931

Germany: Maikäfer
Soviet Union: ZIS
Japan: Datsun
UK: Squire
USA: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile)

### 1932

Italy: Nardi
Poland: Polski Fiat
Soviet Union: GAZ
UK: Vale Special
USA: Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger

### 1933

France: Tracford
Germany: Standard Superior
UK: André, Railton, SS Cars (predecessor of Jaguar Cars)
USA: Continental

### 1934

France: Simca
Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz
Japan: Ohta Jidosha
UK: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft

### 1935

France: Talbot-Lago
Germany: Henschel
UK: Autovia, Batten, Jensen, Reliant
USA: Stout Scarab

### 1936

France: Darl'mat, Monocar
UK: Allard, HRG, Lammas, Lloyd, Skirrow
Japan: Toyota

### 1937

France: Ardex, Danvignes
Germany: Volkswagen
UK: Atalanta

### 1938

France: DB, Rolux
UK: Nuffield

## War years
### 1939

Soviet Union: SMZ
USA: Albatross, Crosley, truck: Peterbilt
Italy: Ferrari

### 1940

UK: DMW

### 1941

Soviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle: IMZ-Ural

### 1942

Brazil. Trucks: F.N.M.

### 1943

Soviet Union. Trucks: Ural

### 1945

Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Dnipro
UK: Bristol, Healey, Jaguar Cars
USA: Kaiser-Frazer

## Post-war years
### 1946

France: Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, Rovin
Germany: Messerschmitt
Hungary: Csepel
Italy: Bandini, Cisitalia, Stanguellini; Trucks: Astra Veicoli Industriali
Soviet Union: Moskvitch; motorcycle: ZiD
Spain: Pegaso
UK: Cooper
USA: American Motors Incorporated, Frazer

### 1947

Canada: Studebaker
France: Aerocarene, Alamagny
Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati, O.S.C.A.
Soviet Union. Trucks: Minsk Automobile Plant
UK: Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler
USA: Airscoot, Davis, Playboy

### 1948

France: J-P Wimille
Germany: Fend Flitzer
Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata
Japan. Motorcycle: Marusho
Soviet Union. Trucks: BelAZ
UK: EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar
USA: Autoette, Keller, Tucker Sedan

### 1949

France: Atlas
India: AUTOPRD
Soviet Union: RAF
Japan: Honda (Motorcycle)
UK: Dellow
USA: Aerocar, Airway, Glasspar G2; scooter: PMC

### 1950

France: Autobleu
Germany: Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, Staunau
Spain: SEAT
UK: Marauder, Paramount
USA: Muntz

### 1951

France: Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, Reyonnah
Germany: Glas
Poland: FSO
Soviet Union. Trucks: KAZ; motorcycle: Minsk
UK: Arnott, Russon, Turner
USA: Nash-Healey

### 1952

France: Martin-Spéciale, Poinard
Germany: Brütsch, Champion
Soviet Union: PAZ
UK: Austin-Healey, BMC, Greeves, Lotus
USA: Allstate, Woodill

### 1953

Germany: EMW
Japan: Subaru
USA: Eshelman, Fina-Sport

### 1954

France: Alpine, Facel Vega
Spain: Serveta
UK: Astra, Fairthorpe, Rodley, Swallow Doretti
USA: AMC, Studebaker-Packard

### 1955

Belgium: Meeussen
France: Saviem, VELAM
Germany: Goggomobil, Zwickau
Italy: Autobianchi
Soviet Union: LAZ, LuAZ
UK: Ashley, Elva

### 1956

Argentina: IKA
France: Arista
Germany: Heinkel Kabine
Soviet Union: ZiL, KAG; scooter: TMZ, Vyatka
UK: Berkeley, Tourette
USA: Auto Cub, Devin, Dual-Ghia

### 1957

France: Arbel, Atla
Germany: Neckar, Trabant
Romania: ARO
UK: Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado
USA: Aurora, Hackney

### 1958

Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks: BAZ, KrAZ
UK: Gill, Frisky
USA: Edsel, Streco Turnpike Cruiser

### 1959

Argentina: Siam Di Tella
India: Vehicle Factory Jabalpur
Soviet Union: LiAZ
UK: Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, Marcos
USA: Argonaut, Nu-Klea Starlite

## Classic era
### 1960

India: Ideal Jawa
UK: Ausper, Brabham, Rickman
US. Replica veteran car: Gaslight

### 1961

Germany: Amphicar
Soviet Union: ZAZ
UK: Diva

### 1962

Canada: Acadian
France: Automobiles René Bonnet
Soviet Union: AvtoKuban
Japan. Motorcycle: Kawasaki
USA: Apollo

### 1963

Italy: ATS, Scuderia Serenissima, Lamborghini
UK: Bond, Gordon-Keeble
USA: Exner Revival Cars; trucks: Marmon
Japan: Honda (Car)

### 1964

Italy: ASA
Soviet Union: ErAZ
USA: Fiberfab

### 1965

France: Matra
India: Heavy Vehicles Factory
Italy: Ferves
Soviet Union: IzhAvto
Spain: IPV
UK: Jago, Peel

### 1966

Bulgaria: Bulgarrenault
Italy: Bizzarrini
Soviet Union: Lada; trucks: MoAZ
Romania: Dacia
UK: Norton-Villiers, Trident, Unipower

### 1967

Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine
India: Tata motors

### 1968

Italy: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex
Turkey: Tofaş
UK: Piper
USA: Savage GT

### 1969

Australia. Trucks: RFW
Brazil. Cars: Gurgel
China: Dongfeng
Soviet Union. Trucks: Kamaz
UK: Enfield