OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ramona Brussig

Ramona Brussig (20 May 1977) is a German judoka and two-time gold medal winner in Paralympic competition.

## Career

She was born in Leipzig with visual impairments meaning that she competes in B2 classification events. Brussig has an identical twin sister, Carmen Brussig, also a gold medal-winning visually-impaired judoka, who was born 15 minutes before her. Brussig began training in 1986 at the age of nine and made her senior international debut in 1998 at the World Games in Madrid. Though her sister lives in Switzerland, the pair like to meet up and train together when they can. They say that they do not have a sense of rivalry as they compete in different weight classes.
Brussig won gold in the under 57 kg weight class at the 2004 Games in Athens, her first Paralympic Games, against Spanish judoka Marta Arce Payno. She then won silver four years later in Beijing, losing to Wang Lijing in the final. Brussig and Wang both dropped down a weight class to under 52 kg for the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, meeting each other again in the final. This time Brussig was triumphant, going home with the gold. Brussig defended her title at the Rio 2016 and finished as runner-up to French judoka Sandrine Martinet, earning her a silver medal.
Through her career Brussig has won four world titles and six European titles. She says that one of her most treasured memories was winning gold in London just 15 minutes after her twin sister achieved the same feat. Both sisters are listed amongst the most promising German medal candidates for the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, resulting in them being given financial support in their endeavours.
Brussig works for the sports association of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a state in northern Germany.

## Competitive results

As of 2017:

### Paralympic Games

* 2016 - 2nd place
* 2012 - 1st place
* 2008 - 2nd place
* 2004 - 1st place

### World Championships

* 2014 - 2nd place
* 2011 - 3rd place
* 2010 - 1st place
* 2007 - 3rd place singles and team
* 2006 - 1st place singles and team

### European Championships

* 2013 - 1st place
* 2011 - 3rd place
* 2009 - 1st place
* 2007 - 1st place singles and team
* 2005 - 1st place singles and team
* 2001 - 1st place team
* 1999 - 1st place team

### German championships

* 2014 - 1st place
* 2011 - 1st place
* 2009 - 1st place
* 2008 - 1st place
* 2007 - 1st place
* 2006 - 1st place
* 2005 - 1st place
* 2003 - 1st place
* 2002 - 1st place
* 2001 - 1st place
* 2000 - 1st place
* 1999 - 1st place
# Five-paragraph essay

The five-paragraph essay is a format of essay having five paragraphs: one introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs with support and development, and one concluding paragraph. Because of this structure, it is also known as a hamburger essay, one three one, or a three-tier essay.

## Overview

The five-paragraph essay is a structured form of essay writing that consists of five distinct paragraphs:
* introduction (one paragraph)
* Body paragraphs (three paragraphs)
* Conclusion (one paragraph)

### Structure

The introductory paragraph serves to present the main idea of the essay and introduce the thesis statement. It often begins with a narrative hook to capture the reader's interest, followed by a sentence that provides a general theme and another that narrows the focus. If the essay is based on a literary text, a sentence referencing the work and its author may be included (e.g., "In the book Night, Elie Wiesel states..."). The introduction typically concludes with the thesis statement, which outlines the central argument of the essay. Additionally, an organizational sentence may be included to indicate the structure and sequence of the body paragraphs.
The three body paragraphs each present supporting evidence or arguments that reinforce the thesis statement. Each paragraph generally begins with a topic sentence, followed by analysis and examples that substantiate the argument.
The concluding paragraph summarizes the main points of the essay and restates the thesis in a broader context. It often provides a final perspective on the topic and reinforces the significance of the argument. For example, in an essay on sports, a conclusion might state: "Sports offer numerous benefits for youth, including improved physical health, better circulation, and enhanced stamina. Additionally, they contribute to the development of social and organizational skills, which are valuable in both personal and professional life."

## Critique

According to Thomas E. Nunnally and Kimberly Wesley, most teachers and professors consider the five-paragraph form ultimately restricting for fully developing an idea. Wesley argues that the form is never appropriate. Nunnally states that the form can be good for developing analytical skills that should then be expanded. Similarly, American educator David F. Labaree claims that "The Rule of Five" is "dysfunctional... off-putting, infantilising and intellectually arid" because demands for the essay's form often obscure its meaning and, therefore, largely automatize creating and reading five-paragraph essays. The five-paragraph essay format has been criticized for its rigid structure, which some educators believe stifles creativity and critical thinking. Critics argue that it promotes a formulaic approach to writing, which can limit students' ability to express more complex ideas and develop their unique writing style.
# Mel Jade

Mel Jade is a singer and songwriter. She was born in Melbourne, Australia and is half Dutch and half Australian.
Her first release, "Aliens", was a remix with Pretty Boys from Saint Tropez. The song was played by DJ Armin van Buuren on radio 538 in the Netherlands and became a "dance smash". It charted in multiple European countries.
Jade announced that she was embarking on a solo project, and initially started releasing songs and videos online. The homemade music video for the song "We Could Make a Movie", which showed couples kissing, received over a million views on YouTube.
She released "Not That Serious", the first official single from her debut solo album, on 4 May 2013. She collaborated with Fashion TV, which aired behind-the-scenes shots of her music video for "Not That Serious", which featured multiple evening gowns.
Jade's debut album Alive was released on 5 August 2013 whilst she was touring the UK.
Upon her return to Australia, Jade was honoured as a "MusicOz Legend" at the 2013 Independent Music Awards where she also presented an award and performed.
On 14 January 2015, Jade released "Bliss", the first single from her upcoming second album.

## Discography
### Albums

| Title |
| Title | Album details |
| Alive | Released: 5 August 2013 Label: N/A Format: CD, digital download |
| Dreamsick | Released: 1 July 2015 Label: Format: CD, digital download |
# Bagale Thapa
## Ethnicity of Bagale Thapa

The surname Bagale Thapa is historically associated with the Chhetri ethnic group, specifically the Bagale sub-caste, which is one of the indigenous communities of Nepal. The Chhetri people are known for their prominent role in Nepal's military and political history, and the Bagale sub-caste is particularly noted for its leadership in these areas.
Historically, the Thapa surname, which is widely used across various ethnic groups, has been commonly adopted by the Chhetri community, particularly those from the Bagale sub-caste, who played an influential role in Nepal's governance during the 18th and 19th centuries.
# Mohamed Badr Hassan

Mohamed Badr Hassan (Arabic: محمد بدر حسن; born 25 November 1989) is an Egyptian-born footballer who plays as a midfielder for Manchester 62 and the Gibraltar national team.

## Career

Badr Hassan made his international debut for Gibraltar on 10 October 2019 in a friendly match against Kosovo, which finished as a 0–1 away loss.
On 20 August 2021, Badr Hassan joined Mons Calpe on loan for the first half of the 2021–22 season.

## Personal life

Badr Hassan was born in the Cairo district of Maadi. He became a British Overseas Territories citizen in late 2019, after 5 years living in Gibraltar and playing for Lynx.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 21 November 2023
Gibraltar :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2019 | 4 | 0 |
| 2020 | 5 | 0 |
| 2021 | 5 | 0 |
| 2023 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 16 | 0 |
# 1993 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards

The 16th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1994 to honor the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1993. For the first time in Stinkers' history, there were additional categories to be included besides just Worst Picture. Such categories are shown below along with Worst Picture and its dishonorable mentions, which are films that were considered for Worst Picture but ultimately failed to make the final ballot (19 total). All winners are highlighted.

## Winners and Nominees
### Worst Picture

| Film | Production company(s) |
| Sliver | Paramount Pictures |
| Boxing Helena | MGM, United Artists, Orion Pictures |
| Cop and a Half | Universal Pictures |
| Last Action Hero | Sony |
| Son of the Pink Panther | MGM, United Artists |

#### Dishonorable Mentions

* The Beverly Hillbillies (Fox)
* Body of Evidence (MGM/UA)
* Born Yesterday (Hollywood)
* Cliffhanger (Sony)
* Coneheads (Paramount)
* Dazed and Confused (Gramercy)
* Dennis the Menace (Warner Bros.)
* Gettysburg (New Line)
* Indecent Proposal (Paramount)
* Look Who's Talking Now (Sony)
* Made in America (Warner Bros.)
* Poetic Justice (Sony)
* Short Cuts (Fine Line)
* So I Married An Axe Murderer (Sony)
* Super Mario Bros. (Hollywood)
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 3 (New Line)
* The Temp (Paramount)
* Wayne's World 2 (Paramount)
* Weekend at Bernie's II (Sony)

### Other Categories

| Worst Actor Ted Danson for Made in America as Hal Jackson Norman D. Golden II for Cop and a Half as Devon Butler Robert Redford for Indecent Proposal as John Gage Burt Reynolds for Cop and a Half as Detective Nick McKenna Arnold Schwarzenegger for Last Action Hero as Jack Slater / Himself | Worst Actress Sharon Stone for Sliver as Carly Norris Faye Dunaway for The Temp as Charlene Towne Whoopi Goldberg for Made in America as Sarah Matthews Madonna for Body of Evidence as Rebecca Carlson Demi Moore for Indecent Proposal as Diana Murphy |
| Worst Sequel Weekend at Bernie's II (Sony) Look Who's Talking Now (Sony) Wayne's World 2 (Paramount) | The Sequel Nobody Was Clamoring For Look Who's Talking Now (Sony) Son of the Pink Panther (MGM/UA) Weekend at Bernie's II (Sony) |
| Worst Resurrection of a TV Show The Beverly Hillbillies (Fox) The Coneheads (Paramount) Dennis the Menace (Warner Bros.) | Worst Fake Beards Gettysburg (New Line) |
| The Founders Award - What Were They Thinking and Why? Short Cuts (Fine Line) ||
# Chugrum

The Chugrum (Russian: Чугрум) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Utva, which in turn is a tributary of the Veslyana. The river is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.
# Kani Yilmaz

Kani Yılmaz was born in 1952 in Çewlig, a town in Bingöl Province, Turkey. Raised in a Kurdish family, he was deeply influenced by the region's complex political and cultural landscape, which would later shape his commitment to activism. Yılmaz completed his early education at local Kurdish institutions, laying the foundation for his future dedication to Kurdish political causes.

## Role in the PKK

Yılmaz became one of the founding members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the 1970s, a period of intense Kurdish resistance against Turkish state policies. He became known for his strategic insights and commitment to the Kurdish cause, quickly rising within the ranks of the organization.
Within the PKK, he took on roles including that of a military strategist and international spokesperson. However, by the early 2000s, Yılmaz parted ways with the PKK due to ideological differences, citing concerns over the organization's direction under Abdullah Öcalan's leadership.

## Political activities in Iraqi Kurdistan

Following his departure from the PKK, Yılmaz moved to Iraqi Kurdistan, where he continued to be an advocate for Kurdish political unity. He became involved with other Kurdish groups, promoting a peaceful and cooperative approach to Kurdish autonomy within Iraq.
Through his work, Yılmaz fostered collaboration between Kurdish factions, aiming to unify them within a federal Iraqi structure. His contributions helped lay the groundwork for Kurdish political representation and increased regional autonomy.

## Assassination and death

On 11 February 2006, Yılmaz was killed in a car bombing in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. His assassination remains controversial, with different sources attributing the attack to rival groups due to his prominent role in Kurdish politics. His death marked a significant loss for the Kurdish independence movement, and many leaders across the region publicly mourned his passing.

## Legacy

Kani Yılmaz is remembered as a pivotal figure in Kurdish politics and a symbol of Kurdish self-determination. His work within the PKK and later as a political figure in Iraqi Kurdistan left a lasting impact on Kurdish nationalism. Kurdish activists continue to cite his contributions as part of the ongoing struggle for autonomy and cultural preservation.
# Adeopapposaurus

Adeopapposaurus (meaning "far eating lizard", in reference to its long neck) is a genus of plateosaurian dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Cañón del Colorado Formation of San Juan, Argentina. It was similar to Massospondylus. Four partial skeletons with two partial skulls are known.
The type specimen, PVSJ568, includes a skull and most of a skeleton to just past the hips. The form of the bones at the tips of the upper and lower jaws suggests it had keratinous beaks. The fossils now named Adeopapposaurus were first thought to represent South American examples of Massospondylus; while this is no longer the case, Adeopapposaurus is classified as a massospondylid. Adeopapposaurus was described in 2009 by Ricardo N. Martínez. The type species is A. mognai, referring to the Mogna locality where it was found. The found fossils of Adeopapposaurus have provided crucial information about the different types of sauropod dinosaurs that were located in South America.

## Phylogeny

The following cladogram shows the position of Adeopapposaurus within Massopoda, according to Oliver W. M. Rauhut and colleagues, 2020:
# Osiris Rodríguez Castillos

Osiris Rodríguez Castillos (July 21, 1925 – October 10, 1996) was a Uruguayan writer, poet, composer and singer.

## Discography
### LP

* Poems and songs Oriental ( Antar PLP 5018. Montevideo, 1962 )
* The Outsider ( RCA Victor AVL 3663. Buenos Aires and Montevideo, 1966 )
* Volume 3 ( plant KL 8703. Montevideo, 1969 )
* Maroons ( Sondor 33132. Montevideo, 1973 )
* Stone Birds (Sondor 33,151. Montevideo, Epic 1974, Buenos Aires, 1974 )

### EP

* Song for my river (Antar FP 33-035. Montevideo, 1963 )
* Osiris ( Gold Laut 5000)

### Reissues and compilations

* Maroons ( Sondor 3132-2. 1996 )
* Malevo Romance ( Fingerboard 155,380, Argentina. 1997 )
* The Outsider (Ayuí / Tacuabé am41cd. 2008 )

## Literary work

* Lavalleja General Romance (1953)
* Grillo nochero (1955)
* "1904" Red Moon (1957)
* Jacinto tenths Moon (1957)
* Burial of Carnival (Freedom Gallery. 1960)
* Cantos North and South (1962)
* Song and Poetry (1974)
* Life and Adventures of gaucho Wire (Alkali Editorial. 1979)
* The New Adventures of gaucho Wire (1980)
* This article about a Uruguayan singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a Uruguayan composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Senecio bigelovii

Senecio bigelovii or nodding groundsel or nodding ragwort is a perennial herb found in the Southwestern United States.

## Description

The plant can grow up to 90 centimetres (35 in) tall. The leaves are up to 20 cm (8 in) long. Blooming from July to September, the yellow flower heads are 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) wide.

### Similar species

S. amplectens and S. neowebsteri can appear similar.

## Distribution and habitat

Native to the Colorado Plateau region of the United States, the species inhabits moist soil in grassy areas and forests.
# Quantum ESPRESSO

Quantum ESPRESSO (Quantum Open-Source Package for Research in Electronic Structure, Simulation, and Optimization; QE) is a suite for first-principles electronic-structure calculations and materials modeling, distributed for free and as free software under the GNU General Public License. It is based on density functional theory (DFT), plane wave basis sets, and pseudopotentials (both norm-conserving and ultrasoft).
The core plane wave DFT functions of QE are provided by the PWscf component (PWscf previously existed as an independent project). PWscf (Plane-Wave Self-Consistent Field) is a set of programs for electronic structure calculations within DFT and density functional perturbation theory, using plane wave basis sets and pseudopotentials. The software is released under the GNU General Public License.
The latest stable version QE-7.4.1 was released on 14 March 2025.

## Quantum ESPRESSO Project

Quantum ESPRESSO is an open initiative of the CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS National Simulation Center in Trieste (Italy) and its partners, in collaboration with different centers worldwide such as MIT, Princeton University, the University of Minnesota and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The project is coordinated by the QUANTUM ESPRESSO foundation, which was formed by many research centers and groups all over the world. The first version, called pw.1.0.0, was released on 15-06-2001.
The program is written mainly in Fortran-90 with some parts in C or in Fortran-77. It is composed of a set of core components, a set of plug-ins for advanced tasks, and a set of third-party packages.
The basic packages include Pwscf, which solves the self-consistent Kohn-Sham equations, obtained for a periodic solid, CP to carry out Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics, and PostProc, which allows data analysis and plotting. Noteworthy additional packages include atomic for pseudopotential generation, PHonon for density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) and the calculation of second- and third-order derivatives of the energy with respect to atomic displacements, and NEB (nudged elastic band) for the calculation of reaction pathways and energy barriers.

## Target problems

The different tasks that can be performed include
* Ground state calculations
* Structural optimization
* Transition states and minimum energy paths
* Response properties (DFPT), such as phonon frequencies, electron-phonon interactions and EPR and NMR chemical shifts
* Ab initio molecular dynamics: Car-Parrinello and Born-Oppenheimer MD
* Spectroscopic properties
* Quantum import
* Generation of pseudopotentials

## Parallelization

The main components of the Quantum ESPRESSO distribution are designed to exploit the architecture of today's supercomputers, which are characterized by multiple levels and layers of inter-processor communication. Parallelization is achieved using both MPI and OpenMP, allowing the main codes of the distribution to run in parallel on most or all parallel machines with very good performance. In recent years of development, Quantum ESPRESSO has increasingly adopted CUDA-basec GPU acceleration across the different tools to improve performance.
# Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley

The Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley is a heritage streetcar service in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.
The line first ran on July 15, 2000, running from the Roundhouse to Rotary Peace Park (1.14km) . On June 30, 2005, it was extended from the Roundhouse to Spook Creek (an additional 1.27km). The 2005 section was last used on October 2, 2016, and the original track on September 1, 2018, before the 2024 reopening
The line uses a single reconditioned trolley which carries tourists along Whitehorse's waterfront along the Yukon River. The electricity to power the trolley's electric motors comes not from overhead trolley wires, but instead from a diesel generator. The car ran each year from July to September, until 2018. It restarted service in 2024.

## Stations

* Spook Creek (Not in use since October 2, 2016)
* Jarvis Street (Not in use since October 2, 2016)
* Library and Cultural Centre (Request only) (Not in use since October 2, 2016)
* Trolley Roundhouse
* White Pass
* Visitor Information Centre
* Rotary Park
Until 2018, it ran daily from noon until four o'clock. A complete trip, viewing all stations, took approximately 15 minutes. The car is stored in a roundhouse/train shed at 1127 First Avenue (end of Wood Street).

## Cancellation of service

While repairs to the track aimed to have service resumed by mid-summer 2018, it was announced the trolley would not operate in the 2018 season. In April 2018, the Yukon Government announced they would cease funding the trolley due to its financial burden. Shortly after, in June 2019, track infrastructure was still deteriorating and considered a hazard. One month later, near the end of July 2019, due to concerns about deteriorating timber that covered street-running areas, these sections were lifted.

## Revival

On June 14, 2024, the service was reintroduced on a shorter stretch, from Roundhouse to Rotary Park. In summer, the timetable is Tuesday to Friday, noon to 4 pm, along with various special evening events. Autumn timetable being Saturdays only, noon to 3pm.

## Car 531 details

The car originally served the trolley/streetcar system of Lisbon, Portugal, from 1925 to 1978. In 1978, it was sold along with car 530 by CCFL to the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in Duluth. In 1999, it was sold to Whitehorse and restored by Historic Railway Restoration of Arlington, WA.
The trolley is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge vehicle and ran on the track built for the White Pass and Yukon Route. It has a capacity of 24 passengers. This single-truck (4-wheels on 2-axles), double-ended trolley car was previously owned by Lake Superior Railroad Museum, which still owns sister car 530, and both cars were originally used by Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris) in Lisbon, Portugal.
# Nova Crnja

Nova Crnja (Serbian Cyrillic: Нова Црња; Hungarian: Magyarcsernye, pronounced; German: Neuzerne, Romanian: Cernea Ungurească) is a village and municipality located in the Central Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The village has a population of 1,007, while the municipality has 8,147 inhabitants (2022 census).

## Inhabited places

Nova Crnja municipality includes the following villages:
* Nova Crnja
* Aleksandrovo
* Vojvoda Stepa
* Radojevo
* Srpska Crnja
* Toba (Hungarian: Tóba)
Although the village of Nova Crnja is a seat of municipality, the largest of these villages is Srpska Crnja.
Before 1961, there was one more village in the municipality, which was abandoned because of groundwater. The name of the village was Molin.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the population of the municipality of Novi Crnja was 10,272 inhabitants.

### Ethnic groups
#### Municipality

The population of the Nova Crnja municipality is composed of:
* Serbs (67.39%)
* Hungarians (17.71%)
* Romani (9.89%)
* Others and undeclared (5.01%)
Places with Serb ethnic majority are: Aleksandrovo, Vojvoda Stepa, Radojevo, and Srpska Crnja, while places with Hungarian ethnic majority are: Nova Crnja (Hungarian: Magyarcsernye) and Toba (Hungarian: Tóba).

#### Village

The population of the Nova Crnja village is composed of:
* Hungarians (84.58%)
* Serbs (6.02%)
* Others.

## Twin cities

* Nagyszénás, Hungary
* Jimbolia, Romania