OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Aintab

The siege of Aintab (French: Les Quatres Sièges d'Aïntab; Ottoman Turkish: عین تاب قوشاتماسى; Turkish: Antep Kuşatması) was a military engagement between the Turkish National Forces and the French Army of the Levant occupying the city of Aintab (present-day Gaziantep) during the Turkish War of Independence (specifically its southern front, known as the Franco-Turkish War).
Fighting began in April 1920, when French forces opened fire on the city. It ended with the Kemalist defeat and the city's surrender to the French military forces on 9 February 1921. However, despite a victory, the French ultimately decided to retreat from the city leaving it to Kemalist forces on 20 October 1921 in accordance with the Treaty of Ankara. According to Ümit Kurt, born in modern-day Gaziantep and an academic at Harvard’s Center for Middle East Studies, the resistance movement not just sought to regain the control of the city but also aimed at keeping the loots from the local Armenians and eradicating the Armenian community of the city.

## Timeline
### 1920

* 1 - 16 April: 1st Turkish siege
* 30 April - 23 May: 2nd Turkish siege
* 30 May - 18 June: 1920 armistice
* 29 July - 10 August: 3rd Turkish siege
* 11 August: beginning of French siege
* 21 November - 18 December: Goubeau column participation

### 1921

* 7 February: last exit attempt
* 8 February: sending of a city parliamentary mission - cease fire
* 9 February: capitulation
# Pigeonholing

Pigeonholing is a process that attempts to classify disparate entities into a limited number of categories (usually, mutually exclusive ones).
The term usually carries connotations of criticism, implying that the classification scheme referred to inadequately reflects the entities being sorted, or that it is based on stereotypes.

## Pitfalls

Various classification schemes often suffer from pitfalls such as these:
* The categories may be poorly defined, inadequately described, or subjective.
** Example: A poor person and a rich person may have different ideas about what counts as "too expensive".
* A single entity may be suited to more than one category.
** Example: Rhubarb is both "poisonous" (the leaves) and "safe to eat" (the stem).
* Entities may not fit into any available category.
** Example: A person who is moving from one city to another does not live in either city.
* Entities may change over time, so they no longer fit the category in which they have been placed.
** Example: Certain species of fish may change from male to female during their life.
** Example: A child who is categorized as "unable to read" may learn to read soon afterwards.
* Some properties are better viewed as a continuum than as separate categories.
** Example: There are people of every height, so categorizing all of them as "short", "average", and "tall" can result in people of almost exactly the same height being put in different categories. The tallest "short" person and the shortest "average" person will be almost the same height.
An example of pigeonholing in everyday conversation occurs when a person making an apolitical or barely political comment is assumed to have a certain political belief, without ascertaining their political stance. Such an erroneous designation is especially erroneous when assigning it to people who live in places where the left–right dichotomy is not present.
# 708 House

708 House, located at 708 El Medio Avenue in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles, was a single-family residence renovated by architect Eric Owen Moss. The building was destroyed in the Palisades Fire in January 2025.
708 House was designed by Milton H. Caughey in 1948 as a single-story residence. Beginning in 1979, Moss renovated the building to serve as his own family home, adding a second story atop the garage of the original building. It was the first instance where the second story was added without removing the first floor roof structure. One of its noteworthy features included 'flying buttresses' that frame the entrance. The 600-square foot addition was completed in 1982. The stucco exterior of the home featured a large painted 7, 0, and 8 on the northern, western, and southern faces, respectively, referring to the building's address. The three-bedroom, three-bathroom home was 1,912 square feet.
According to architectural historian Charles Jencks in his book Architecture Today, the 708 House was "a sophisticated essay in urban realism." Author Livio Sacchi said that the 708 House's extravagances would intrigue even the most distracted observer. Architectural historians David Gebhard and Robert Winter described the 708 House as "tinged with a sense of humor" and called it one of Moss's characteristic buildings.
# Kein Täter Werden

Kein Täter Werden is a project run by Charité's Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine.

## Productions

* Stigma (2016), a short film directed by Peter Jeschke
# Pro Football Reference

Pro Football Reference (PFR) is an online statistics database for professional American football maintained by Sports Reference. The site provides career statistics for players, teams, and games, as well as records and NFL draft history. PFR was established independently by Doug Drinen in 2000, and became part of Sports Reference in 2007. Sports Reference also publishes similar statistics websites for basketball, baseball, and hockey.

## History

The Pro Football Reference website and database was established by Doug Drinen in December 2000. In 2007, PFR merged with the previously unrelated Baseball Reference and Basketball Reference to form Sports Reference. In December 2019, PFR introduced the Pro Football Hall of Fame monitor. The purpose of this monitor is to apply a formula to quantify player contributions during their career (including All-Pro selections, Pro Bowl selections, various awards, and career statistics) and to highlight where Pro Football Hall of Fame players rank in comparison, often with the goal of estimating a player's chances of making the Hall of Fame. Drinen is also responsible for the creation of the "approximate value" statistic, a metric used to quantify the value of a player's season.
In 2000, John Turney and Nick Webster, members of the Professional Football Researchers Association (PFRA), conducted extensive research to create a more complete record of sacks in the NFL. After examining the play-by-play records of every NFL team as well as game film at NFL films they compiled a list of players with 100 sacks beginning in 1960. These statistics, both the official and unofficial sack counts, are counted and displayed separately on the site from 1960 onwards.
# Vincent Jansz van der Vinne

Vincent Jansz van der Vinne (1736, Haarlem – 1811, Haarlem), was a Dutch 18th century painter and the great-grandson of Vincent van der Vinne.

## Biography

According to the RKD he was a pupil of his father Jan Laurentsz van der Vinne, who made botanical paintings of flowers for bulb growers in Haarlem. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1754. He is known for Italianate landscapes and flower still lifes, and also created tapestries. He was the first curator of art for the young Teyler's Museum during the years 1778-1785. In his Will Pieter Teyler van der Hulst had stipulated that ‘an artistic painter or other lover of the arts and sciences' would live in his house (later called Fundatiehuis). His task would be to maintain the books in the library and other collections (the medals, prints and drawings); and to catalogue and conserve them. This person would also be the manager or ‘resident caretaker' of the house, and, later, of the museum. Vincent van der Vinne was the first 'resident caretaker' of Teylers Museum and set up his studio in the fundatiehuis.
He left after an argument with Martin van Marum, whereupon his position was filled by Wybrand Hendriks.

## Works

He is known for decorations for whole rooms, though little has survived of the work he did for Teylers Stichting. On the Gedempte Oude Gracht, Haarlem, a series of wall decorations symbolizing the four seasons remain as they were installed in 1776 in house number 90-92 (today a furniture store, open to the public).
* West wall with hearth, on the left, a grisaille depicting summer, above the hearth flowers with watermelon, and on the right, a grisaille depicting spring
* Grisaille depicting summer
* Flowers and fruits in a vase with watermelon (above the hearth)
* Cat and dog fighting over fruits of the hunt
* Dog guarding the fruits of the hunt
* East wall grisaille depicting Winter (across from spring)
* Flowers in a vase with a squirrel
* grisaille depicting autumn (across from summer)
# Dimethylone

Dimethylone (βk-MDDMA) is a substituted cathinone derivative with stimulant and empathogenic effects. Unlike the corresponding amphetamine derivative MDDM which is thought to be practically inactive, dimethylone substitutes for methamphetamine and MDMA in animal studies and has been sold as a designer drug.

## Legal Status

In the United States, dimethylone is considered a Schedule I controlled substance as a positional isomer of butylone.
# Soita Shitanda

Soita Shitanda (9 November 1958 – 24 May 2016) was a Kenyan politician. He belonged to New Ford Kenya and was elected to represent the Malava Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya. Soita represented Malava constituency from 1997, after he ousted the then Minister of Health, Mr. Joshua Angatia in the general election, vying on a Ford Kenya ticket. He was re-elected to parliament in 2002 on the NARC ticket and served as an assistant minister in the office of the president, being appointed minister for housing in a cabinet reshuffle in 2005. Mr. Soita was re-elected in the 2007 general elections and re-appointed Minister for Housing. He died on the afternoon of 24 May 2016 at The Nairobi Hospital.
# Charles Armijo Woodruff

Charles Armijo Woodruff (January 12, 1884 – November 23, 1945) was a United States Navy officer and the governor of American Samoa from December 6, 1914, to March 1, 1915. He captained multiple ships in both the Navy and the United States Merchant Marine. He served only briefly as governor, for a few months before ceding the office to John Martin Poyer.

## Life

Woodruff was born on January 12, 1884, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, the son of Charles Woodruff and Louise (Duff) Woodruff. After leaving the United States Navy, Woodruff became a part of the United States Merchant Marine, captaining a ship. On November 23, 1945, Woodruff died by suicide by hanging in an apartment in Hotel Bossert, Brooklyn, New York City, using the venetian blinds cord in his room. A suicide note claimed he had killed himself because he had no means of making money and "missed his boat", and that suicide provided the "easiest way out".

## Naval career

Woodruff was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Pennsylvania on September 24, 1902. In 1906, he commanded the USS Pampanga (PG-39) as a Lieutenant (junior grade). Woodruff retired from the Navy with the rank of Commander.

## Governorship

Woodruff relieved Nathan Post of the governor's office on December 6, 1914, serving until March 1, 1915.
# Abano Terme

Abano Terme (known as Abano Bagni until 1924) is a town and comune in the Province of Padua, in the Veneto region, Italy, on the eastern slope of the Euganean Hills; it is 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest by rail from Padua. Abano Terme's population is 19,062 (2001) (in 1901 it was 4,556).
The town's hot springs and mud baths are an important economic resource. The waters have a temperature of about 80 °C (176 °F).

## History

The baths were known to the Romans as Aponi fons or Aquae Patavinae. A description of them is given in a letter to Theodoric, the king of the Ostrogoths, from Cassiodorus. Some remains of the ancient baths have been discovered (S. Mandruzzato, Trattato dei Bagni d'Abano, Padua, 1789). An oracle of Geryon lay near, and the so-called sortes Praenestinae (C.I.L. i., Berlin, 1863; 1438–1454), small bronze cylinders inscribed, and used as oracles, were perhaps found here in the 16th century.
The baths were destroyed by the Lombards in the 6th century, but they were rebuilt and enlarged when Abano became an autonomous comune in the 12th century and, again, in the late 14th century. The city was under the Republic of Venice from 1405 to 1797.

## Main sights

* Abano Cathedral, or the cathedral (duomo) of St. Lawrence. The current edifice was erected in 1780 over a pre-existing church which was allegedly destroyed by Cangrande della Scala. The bell tower has parts from the 9th/10th and 14th centuries.
* The Montirone Gallery, housing works of Il Moretto, Palma il Giovane, Guido Reni, Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo and others.
* The Sanctuary of the Madonna della Salute or of Monteortone (built from 1428). It lies on the site where the Madonna appeared to Pietro Falco, healing his wounds. The church is on the Latin cross plan, with a nave and two aisles with three apses decorated by a frieze. It has with a Baroque portal (1667), a bell tower, presbytery frescoes portraying the Histories of St. Peter and Virgin by Jacopo da Montagnana (1495) and Palma il Giovane's altarpiece depicting Christ Crucifixed Between St. Augustine and St. Jerome.
Just outside the city is San Daniele Abbey (11th century). 6 km (3.7 mi) from the city is also Praglia Abbey, founded in the 11th century by Benedictine monks and rebuilt in 1496–1550. The abbey church of the Assumption, with a marble portal from 1548, has a Renaissance style interior.

## People

* Pietro d'Abano (c. 1257 – 1316), Italian physician and philosopher
* Matteo Meneghello (born 1981), Italian racing driver

## Twin towns

* Shibukawa, Japan
* Bad Füssing, Germany
* Lipik, Croatia
* Kamena Vourla, Greece
# Lucy Collinson

Lucy Collinson is a microbiologist and electron microscopist at the Francis Crick Institute, a biomedical research center in London.

## Life and career

In 1998, Collinson received a PhD in molecular microbiology from the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry of the Queen Mary University of London. That same year, she became a postdoctoral research assistant at Imperial College London and University College London.
In 2004, Collinson became the head of electron microscopy at a molecular cell biology laboratory at University College London. In 2006, Collinson became the head of electron microscopy at the London Research Institute. In 2015, Collinson became the head of electron microscopy at the Francis Crick Institute.
In 2019, Collinson co-edited Correlative Imaging: Focusing on the Future with Paul Verkade.
# Mereret (12th Dynasty)

Mereret (or Meret) was an Ancient Egyptian King's Daughter known from her burial next to the Pyramid of Pharaoh Senusret III (ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC) at Dahshur. On the north side of the king's pyramid was a row of four pyramids belonging to the king's wives. These pyramids were connected by an underground gallery. On the west side of the gallery were further burials arranged for women with the title king's daughter. They were buried in sarcophagi and placed into niches. All burials were found looted. However, the robbers missed two boxes for jewellery which contained an outstanding collection of jewellery filled with personal adornments found in 1894 by Jacques de Morgan. One of these boxes must have belonged to a king's daughter Sithathor, and the other box to a king's daughter with the name Mereret or Meret.
Not much else is known about Mereret. Her name, with different spellings, appears on several scarab seals found in the jewellery box. Here, she always bears the title King's Daughter. From the position of her burial it might be concluded that she was the daughter of King Senusret III. Among her personal adornments were also pieces with the name of King Amenemhet III, indicating that she might have died under that king (who was most likely her brother).
# Sergio Apostol

Sergio Antonio Figueroa Apostol (born January 17, 1935) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as a Philippine representative in the Leyte's 2nd district from 1992 to 2001 and again from 2010 to 2016.

## Biography

Apostol, a Roman Catholic, graduated from the Ateneo Law School and was a member of the Ateneo Law Journal. He passed the Philippine Bar exams in 1958, finishing 7th. He was the City Fiscal for Quezon City, Regional Trial Court Judge, Philippine Congressman for the 2nd District of Leyte, chairman and CEO of PNOC and Cabinet Secretary.
In 2008, Sergio Apostol was Chief Presidential Legal Counsel for Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. On October 8, 2008, Eduardo Ermita confirmed Apostol's resignation, effective October 30, to prepare for his candidacy, for Leyte congressional seat, in the 2010 Philippine general election. Apostol is a member of the board of Union Bank and the legal consultant of the SSS’ Social Security Commission (SSC). After winning his district's seat as a Lakas-CMD party candidate of Arroyo, Apostol switched allegiance to the Liberal party of Benigno Aquino, the winner of the 2010 Presidential election.

### Controversy

As Arroyo's Presidential Legal Counsel, Apostol engineered the pardon of Joseph "Erap" Estrada. The Gloria Macapagal Arroyo government thought of an amnesty for Estrada in hope of "reconciling with the opposition" and "unifying the country."
# Outline of games

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to games:
A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun. Games can also be work, art or an educational tool.

## Purpose

Individuals participate in game-play for various reasons, depending upon the aspect the particular game covers. These include:
* Education
** Learning analytics
* Entertainment
** Play
** Social relation
* Pleasure
** Hobby
* Strategy
** Tactics

## Classification

* Game classification
** By cause of uncertainty

### Genre

* Sports
* Party games
* Tabletop games
* Video games

## Game elements

* Stadium
* Frisbee
* Goalpost

### Tabletop

* Player character
* Dice
* Playing card
* Game board

## Players

* Player – Participant in a game.
** Gamer – Participant in video games or tabletop games
** Athlete – Participant in sports
*** Coach – Person who trains athletes.
**** Player-coach – Athlete who trains athletes.
*** Racecar driver – Participant in auto racing.

## History

* Pre-modern
* Modern

## Game design

* Dynamic game difficulty balancing
* Dynamic music
* Emergent gameplay
* Game balance
* Game design process
* Game mechanics
* House rule – Unofficial modifications to official rules of a game.
* Lusory attitude
* Simultaneous action selection

### Video game

* Gold sink
* Intelligent Systems
* Video game modding

## Game theory

* Cooperative game
* Evolutionary game theory
* Extensive form game
** Information set
* Kingmaker scenario
* List of games in game theory
* Normal-form game
* Payoff matrix

## Lists of games

* List of board games
** List of cross and circle games
* List of card games
* List of dice games
* List of domino games
* List of role-playing games
* List of sports
* Lists of video games
* List of best-selling video games
* List of traditional children's games
* List of games that Buddha would not play
# Iwona Matkowska

Iwona Nina Matkowska-Sadowska (Polish pronunciation:; born 28 May 1982 in Żary) is a Polish freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 48 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after beating Patricia Bermúdez in the qualifications and Davaasükhiin Otgontsetseg in the 1/8 finals, she was defeated by Mariya Stadnik in the quarterfinals and eliminated by Clarissa Chun in the repechage round. In June 2015, she competed in the inaugural European Games, for Poland in wrestling, more specifically, Women's Freestyle in the 48 kilogram range. She earned a bronze medal.
In March 2021, she competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
# Mao Weijie

Mao Weijie (Chinese: 毛伟杰; born 28 May 2005) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Dalian Yingbo in the Chinese Super League. He is known to having progressed through the Dalian youth system before making his professional debut in 2022.

## Early Life

Mao Weijie was born in Wafangdian, a county-level city under the administration of Dalian, Liaoning Province. He began playing football in elementary school and started formal training under coach Ji Xuemin in fifth grade. By sixth grade, he moved to Dalian to attend Gan Jingzi Sports School, where he further developed his skills. He later joined the Dalian Football Association's youth system and signed with Dalian Zhixing (now Dalian Yingbo) in 2022.

## Club career

Mao made his professional debut in 2022 with Dalian Zhixing in China League Two. He helped the team achieve promotion to China League One in 2023. In the 2024 season, he contributed 3 goals and 2 assists in 28 appearances for Dalian Yingbo, aiding their promotion to the Chinese Super League. His performance against Liaoning Tieren, where he scored a volley, earned him the Man of the Match award.

## International career

Mao has been a member of the China U19 national team since 2024. He participated in the 2025 AFC U20 Asian Cup, scoring a goal and providing an assist in a 5-2 victory over Kyrgyzstan.

## Career statistics

As of 16 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | Apps | Goals | Assists |
| Dalian Zhixing | 2022 | China League Two | 10 | 2 | 1 |
| Dalian Yingbo | 2023 | China League One | 28 | 3 | 2 |
| Dalian Yingbo | 2024 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Cambridge Language Research Unit

The Cambridge Language Research Unit (CLRU) was founded by Margaret Masterman in 1954 to bring together researches from different academic backgrounds to study the possibility of machine translation.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology publication Machine Translation published a special issue in 1956 dedicated to the CLRU noting that mechanical translation was, at that time an area of study unexplored within the official curriculum of any English university. Based in Millington Road, Cambridge the unit picked up on the conjectural role of an intermediate language which antecedents in the seventeenth century work of John Wilkins and George Dalgarno.

## Origins

Masterman (also known as Mrs Braithwaite) met Richard Hook Richens in 1948. Richens was a botanist specializing in research on elms. In 1946 he published The New Genetics in the Soviet Union, written with Paul S. Hudson, of the in 1946. In this booklet he discusses Dialectical Materialism, using Lenin's Materialism and Empirio-criticism to criticize the methodology used in Soviet scientific publications. He was also developing an interest in machine translation. He was approaching the problem from a mechanical perspective. While he had developed a kind of "Mechanical pidgin" he was on the verge of giving up. But then he met Masterman, a former pupil of Ludwig Wittgenstein, (she had taken the notes from some of his lectures for subsequent publication) whose approach was rooted in language. They realized that together they had some prospect of addressing the problems each had encountered. They were able to raise £250 form six supporters which they invested in "Adie's Museum", a somewhat ramshackle building in Millington Road (since demolished) owned by Walter Sibbald Adie.
# Straight Branch (Deepwater Creek tributary)

Straight Branch is a tributary of South Deepwater Creek in Bates County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Straight Branch was so named because of its relatively straight watercourse.
# Carlo Tenca

Carlo Tenca (19 October 1816 in Milan – 4 September 1883 in Milan) was an Italian man of letters, journalist, deputy and supporter of the Risorgimento. He was the central figure in the salon of Countess Clara Maffei, to whom he was romantically linked.