# The Sympathizer (miniseries)

The Sympathizer (Vietnamese: Cảm tình viên) is a historical black comedy-drama television miniseries based on the 2015 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Viet Thanh Nguyen.
The series was created by co-showrunners Park Chan-wook and Don McKellar, with Park directing the first three episodes. The series premiered on HBO on April 14, 2024, and is produced by A24 and Rhombus Media.

## Premise

The series is based on the story of the Captain, a North Vietnamese spy serving in the South Vietnamese army. He is forced to flee to the United States with his general at the end of the Vietnam War. While living within a community of South Vietnamese refugees in Southern California, he continues to secretly spy on the community and report back to the Communist Vietnamese government that took control of the country. He struggles between his original loyalties and his new life.

## Cast
### Main

* Hoa Xuande as the Captain, a captain in the South Vietnamese military who is secretly a communist spy for the North
* Robert Downey Jr. in several antagonist roles, including (in order of appearance):
** Claude, a CIA agent who mentors the Captain
** Professor Robert Hammer, the Captain's Orientalist grad school professor
** Ned Godwin, a Congressman in Southern California trying to appeal to the local Vietnamese American population
** Niko Damianos, an auteur filmmaker making a film on the Vietnam War, inspired by Francis Ford Coppola and John Landis
** The Priest, who is the Captain's French white father
* Toan Le as the General (Trọng), a high-ranking Southern Vietnamese general who is the Captain's superior
* Fred Nguyen Khan as Bốn, the Captain's childhood best friend
* Duy Nguyễn as Mẫn, the Captain's other childhood friend and his Communist handler
* Vy Le as Lana, the General's daughter and the Captain's love interest
* Ky Duyen as Madame, the General's wife
* Phanxinê as the Major (Oanh), an incompetent major secretly running a black market operation, whom the Captain decides to frame
* Kieu Chinh as the Major's Mother
* Alan Trong as Sonny Tran, a Vietnamese American reporter and the Captain's former college rival
* Sandra Oh as Ms. Sofia Mori, a Japanese American secretary who develops a sexual relationship with the Captain

### Supporting

* VyVy Nguyen as the Major's wife
* Kayli Tran as the Communist Spy
* Scott Ly as Gunner Dao
* David Duchovny as Ryan Glenn, an acclaimed but volatile method actor playing Captain Shamus in The Hamlet, loosely based on Marlon Brando
* John Cho as James Yoon, a Korean-American actor playing Kim in The Hamlet
* Max Whittington-Cooper as Jamie Johnson, a popular soul singer and first-time actor playing Lieutenant Bellamy in The Hamlet
* Marine Delterme as Monique Thibault, the production designer of The Hamlet and Niko's girlfriend
* Phong Le as The Watchman

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Death Wish" | Park Chan-wook | Park Chan-wook and Don McKellar | April 14, 2024 (2024-4-14) | 0.206 |
| In a North Vietnamese re-education camp, a man known as the Captain is coerced by soldiers into revealing his story. In 1975, before the Fall of Saigon, the Captain was working under cover as a South Vietnamese policeman. The Captain meets CIA agent Claude and witnesses the torture of a woman with critical information alongside the General. As tensions rise two months later, Claude informs the Captain and General of the end of their partnership and the need to destroy incriminating documents, promising two planes for their evacuation under Operation Frequent Wind, though they know Claude will only have one plane. The Captain, urged by his colleague Man, decides to leave for the U.S., intending to rescue his friend Bon and his family as well. However, as bombs fall and chaos erupts at the airfield, the Captain's attempts to save Bon and his family end in tragedy, with Bon's wife and child killed while the Captain reflects on his failure to protect them. ||||||
| 2 | "Good Little Asian" | Park Chan-wook | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar and Naomi Iizuka | April 21, 2024 (2024-4-21) | 0.147 |
| In a North Vietnamese re-education camp, the Captain's confession continues. He and Bon escape Saigon with the bodies of Bon’s wife and baby, eventually reaching Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. The Captain writes to Man in Hanoi while enduring poor conditions. The General struggles to maintain peace among the refugees and is often humiliated. The Captain and Bon move to Los Angeles with sponsorship from Professor Hammer, where the Captain becomes infatuated with Hammer's secretary, Sofia, and starts a relationship with her. Later, the General relocates to Los Angeles with his family, opening a liquor store to gain trust within the South Vietnamese community. He confides in the Captain about a potential mole in his squad, causing concern. The Captain and Claude laugh off rumors that the Captain might be the mole. Claude explains he delayed the General's rescue to make the Captain appreciate his new life in America. The Captain faces tension with Bon, who is upset about his behavior in their apartment. The Captain suspects Major Oahn as the mole, and Bon offers to assist him. ||||||
| 3 | "Love It or Leave It" | Park Chan-wook | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar and Mark Richard | April 28, 2024 (2024-4-28) | 0.081 |
| The Captain and Bon visit the General to discuss the plot against Major Oanh, but the General insists on proceeding with the assignment. On the way home, Bon offers to help rob Oanh to divert suspicion from the Captain and reveals his involvement in the Phoenix Program. They sneak into Oanh’s house but are caught by his family, who mistake them for visitors. They realize Oanh has grown fond of America. At an event, the General reiterates that Oanh must be eliminated. During the Fourth of July fireworks, the Captain sneaks into Oanh’s apartment under the guise of delivering a durian. When his gun is exposed, he forces Oanh to a corner and shoots him in the stomach. Bon intervenes and beats Oanh until the Captain executes him. The Captain informs Claude of the murder, who reveals Oanh had suspected him as the mole but dismissed it. In a flashback, the Captain helps a resistance soldier die rather than confess. After Oanh’s funeral, Claude takes the Captain to meet with Godwin, Hammer, and filmmaker Niko Damianos, who wants the Captain’s involvement in a Vietnam War film. The script triggers memories and hallucinations of Oanh’s corpse for the Captain. ||||||
| 4 | "Give Us Some Good Lines" | Fernando Meirelles | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar | May 5, 2024 (2024-5-5) | 0.070 |
| 5 | "All for One" | Marc Munden | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar and Maegan Houang | May 12, 2024 (2024-5-12) | 0.058 |
| 6 | "The Oriental Mode of Destruction" | Marc Munden | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar and Anchuli Felicia King | May 19, 2024 (2024-5-19) | 0.062 |
| 7 | "Endings Are Hard, Aren't They?" | Marc Munden | Park Chan-wook & Don McKellar | May 26, 2024 (2024-5-26) | 0.088 |

## Production
### Development

According to author Viet Thanh Nguyen, he insisted that any show adapted from his novel The Sympathizer be centered around Vietnamese people speaking Vietnamese. In early meetings, producers were uneasy about this requirement, but after political unrests during the Trump administration, the murders of George Floyd in 2020 and of six Asian-American women in Atlanta in 2021, the tone shifted.
In April 2021, Viet Thanh Nguyen announced that the novel had been optioned by A24 to be adapted into a television series with Park Chan-wook directing. Rhombus Media is also involved in the production. In July, HBO ordered the series from A24, and Robert Downey Jr. joined the project in a producer and co-star role. The state of California awarded the production over $17.4 million in tax credits ensuring significant production would take place in state. Marc Munden and Fernando Meirelles were also hired to direct some episodes of the series.

### Casting

Casting director Jennifer Venditti opened a worldwide casting call in order to find a main cast of Vietnamese descent, ultimately hiring Hoa Xuande, Fred Nguyen Khan, Toan Le, Vy Le, and Alan Trong. Recurring roles for Sandra Oh, Kieu Chinh, and Nguyen Cao Ky Duyen were also announced in November 2022, and Downey was portraying several supporting antagonistic roles representing the American establishment. In May 2023, Scott Ly and Marine Delterme joined the cast, in recurring roles.
The majority of the cast and crew are of Vietnamese origin, and more than half of the dialogue is in Vietnamese in order to reflect the Vietnamese experience, including refugees in the United States. Hoa Xuande had to take a crash course to improve his Vietnamese to prepare for the main role.
The actor Phanxinê, who is a well-known filmmaker in Vietnam, wanted to keep his involvement in the project private for as long as possible to minimize the political backlash he might receive. He has said that many friends discouraged him from participating. It took him a while to decide to take the role of The Major because the project is politically sensitive. He finally took it because he saw the role as safe as "he shows a good side of Vietnamese men." Fred Nguyen Khan and Duy Nguyễn, who play the Captain's best friends, are also best friends in real life.

### Filming

Filming took place in Los Angeles and Thailand. The crew's numerous attempts to obtain permission to film in Vietnam were rebuffed by its government. The production used Thailand as a stand-in for Vietnamese scenes.
Downey shaved his head for the series in order to save the time required to use a bald cap for each of the various characters he portrayed. A significant portion of Downey's performance was improvised.

## Release

The series premiered on HBO and became available to stream on Max on April 14, 2024.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 89% of 73 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.3/10. The website's consensus reads: "The Sympathizer does a solidly satisfying job of adapting its ambitious source material, conveying its core themes even as it occasionally struggles with its structure." On Metacritic, the series holds a weighted average score of 80 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
The series received much attention in the large Vietnamese American community in California. Younger viewers believe it presents an opportunity to showcase Vietnamese stories to a global audience. For the older generation, the series had stirred some discontent – they view the focus on the lead character, who was a Communist spy, as glorifying the Communists and disparaging the South. However, the community agrees that this is a significant moment for Vietnamese representation in Hollywood.

### In Vietnam

In Vietnam, the Communist government did not allow the series to be filmed locally, and the completed series was banned from being shown. At the time of the series' premiere, no official Vietnamese translation of The Sympathizer novel (which was released in English in the US) had been published in the country. A major publisher had bought the translation rights years earlier, shortly after the novel won the Pulitzer Prize in the US.
After the series premiered, many articles about its production that were previously published in major newspapers were no longer accessible online, as if there was a censorship directive from the highest level or due to self-censorship, although unevenly applied. An article in the state-run newspaper Tuổi trẻ Thủ đô described the series as "poisonous" and warned that "social media pages belonging to hostile forces [...] acclaimed the content of the series and cleverly integrated details that distorted Vietnamese history to sabotage the Party and the State". It called on young viewers to "heighten vigilance for false information regarding territorial sovereignty as well as Vietnamese history that hostile forces cleverly integrated or propagated via cinematic works." Công an nhân dân, the official mouthpiece of the Ministry of Public Security, stated that the series has "distorted content", was created by "opposing elements", and that the release of the series so close to Reunification Day was made "with negative intention, to distort the triumph of the people of Vietnam."

### Accolades

| Award | Year | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| Astra TV Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or TV Movie | Robert Downey Jr. | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Television Awards | 2025 | Best Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie Made for Television | Robert Downey Jr. | Nominated |
| Gotham TV Awards | 2024 | Breakthrough Limited Series | Park Chan-wook, Don McKellar, Jisun Back, Amanda Burrell, Robert Downey Jr., Susan Downey, Niv Fichman, Kim Ly, Ravi Nandan, Viet Thanh Nguyen, Mark Richard, Hallie Sekoff, Ron Schmidt, and John Sloss | Nominated |
| Gotham TV Awards | 2024 | Outstanding Performance in a Limited Series | Hoa Xuande | Nominated |
| Independent Spirit Awards | 2025 | Best Breakthrough Performance in a New Scripted Series | Hoa Xuande | Nominated |
| Primetime Emmy Awards | 2024 | Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie | Robert Downey Jr. | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | 2025 | Best Miniseries & Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television | The Sympathizer | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | 2025 | Best Actor in a Miniseries, Limited Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television | Hoa Xuande | Nominated |
| Satellite Awards | 2025 | Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries & Limited Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television | Robert Downey Jr. | Won |
| Seoul International Drama Awards | 2024 | Golden Bird Prize | Park Chan-wook | Won |
| Television Critics Association Awards | 2024 | Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials | The Sympathizer | Nominated |