# Casiguran, Aurora

Casiguran, officially the Municipality of Casiguran (Tagalog/Kasiguranin: Bayan ng Casiguran; Ilocano: Ili ti Casiguran), is a municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,564 people.
The municipality is home to the Amro River Protected Landscape.

## Etymology

The name, Casiguran, is conjectured to derive from Gugurang, after the deity of the indigenous Ibalon peoples of Southern Luzon, from the provinces vulnerable to the turbulences of Mayon Volcano. The Ibalon were Christianized by Augustinian missionaries in the 1570s.
Before being colonized, the southern regions had an ancient religious system of deities. Gugurang, the "god of Good" who dwells inside of Mount Mayon is the guardian and protector of the sacred fire — which Asuang, his brother, tries to steal. When displeased, Gugurang would cause Mayon Volcano to erupt, but the lava also made the surrounding lands fertile.

## History

Casiguran was founded by Spanish missionaries on June 13, 1609. Prior to their arrival, the inhabitants of the area were the Dumagats, Aetas, and Bugkalots, followed by migrants from other parts of the Philippines. These migrants spoke different languages such as Ilocano, Visayan languages, Tagalog, Bikol languages, Kapampangan, Gaddang, Itawis and Ibanag, and from these a Kasiguranin language evolved. In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed Casiguran, as well as Baler, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and the Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Palanan from Isabela. Casiguran then became part of Nueva Vizcaya when it was created in 1839, then became part of El Príncipe District of the province of Nueva Ecija when it was created in 1856.
In 1902, Casiguran became part of the province of Tayabas (now Quezon). In 1905, the area of modern Dilasag was part of Nueva Vizcaya & transferred to Tayabas thru Casiguran. From 1906 to 1907, Casiguran was merged with the town of Baler, also then in Tayabas. Casiguran was transferred to Nueva Vizcaya in 1918, but restored to Tayabas in 1946.
In 1942, invading Japanese forces landed in the town of Casiguran. On February 19, 1945 to May 11, 1945, Allied troops as well as Philippine Commonwealth forces and recognized guerrilla units fought on the Battle of Casiguran during the return of American forces on Luzon on World War II. When the Philippines regained sovereignty in 1946, Aurora was still part of Tayabas and Casiguran was a lone northern town. Its political jurisdiction is bounded on the north by the province of Isabela, on the west by Quirino, and on the south west by Barangay Dinadiawan, which was then the boundary between Baler and Casiguran.
In 1959 and 1966, the barrios of Dilasag and Dinalungan, which were part of Casiguran and situated on its northern and south-western portions, were made into municipalities.
On August 2, 1968, the 7.6-magnitude 1968 Casiguran earthquake struck near Casiguran.

## Geography

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 715.43 square kilometers (276.23 sq mi)  constituting 22.73% of the 3,147.32-square-kilometer- (1,215.19 sq mi) total area of Aurora.
Casiguran is located 120 kilometers (75 mi) north-east of provincial capital Baler and 351 kilometers (218 mi) from Manila. It is bounded on the north-east by Dilasag, south-west by Dinalungan, north-west by Quirino and southeast by the Philippine Sea.

### Barangays

Casiguran is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 037702001 | Barangay 1 (Poblacion) | 3.0% | 790 | 799 | ▾ | −0.11% |
| 037702002 | Barangay 2 (Poblacion) | 2.5% | 665 | 665 | | 0.00% |
| 037702003 | Barangay 3 (Poblacion) | 0.9% | 235 | 257 | ▾ | −0.89% |
| 037702004 | Barangay 4 (Poblacion) | 1.2% | 307 | 302 | ▴ | 0.16% |
| 037702005 | Barangay 5 (Poblacion) | 1.7% | 439 | 432 | ▴ | 0.16% |
| 037702006 | Barangay 6 (Poblacion) | 1.2% | 325 | 310 | ▴ | 0.47% |
| 037702007 | Barangay 7 (Poblacion) | 1.1% | 288 | 278 | ▴ | 0.35% |
| 037702008 | Barangay 8 (Poblacion) | 2.3% | 612 | 601 | ▴ | 0.18% |
| 037702019 | Bianuan | 13.0% | 3,443 | 3,440 | ▴ | 0.01% |
| 037702009 | Calabgan | 2.5% | 652 | 496 | ▴ | 2.77% |
| 037702010 | Calangcuasan | 4.2% | 1,104 | 1,099 | ▴ | 0.05% |
| 037702011 | Calantas | 7.2% | 1,916 | 1,799 | ▴ | 0.63% |
| 037702020 | Cozo | 6.2% | 1,637 | 1,618 | ▴ | 0.12% |
| 037702012 | Culat | 2.9% | 776 | 630 | ▴ | 2.11% |
| 037702021 | Dibacong | 7.4% | 1,954 | 2,374 | ▾ | −1.93% |
| 037702013 | Dibet | 3.7% | 973 | 971 | ▴ | 0.02% |
| 037702022 | Ditinagyan | 2.2% | 591 | 587 | ▴ | 0.07% |
| 037702014 | Esperanza | 1.9% | 502 | 458 | ▴ | 0.92% |
| 037702023 | Esteves | 6.7% | 1,793 | 1,786 | ▴ | 0.04% |
| 037702015 | Lual | 6.0% | 1,588 | 1,482 | ▴ | 0.69% |
| 037702016 | Marikit | 2.8% | 735 | 609 | ▴ | 1.90% |
| 037702024 | San Ildefonso | 4.2% | 1,115 | 1,100 | ▴ | 0.14% |
| 037702017 | Tabas | 3.9% | 1,043 | 1,007 | ▴ | 0.35% |
| 037702018 | Tinib | 3.1% | 830 | 765 | ▴ | 0.82% |
| | Total | Total | 26,564 | 23,865 | ▴ | 1.08% |

### Climate

Climate data for Casiguran, Aurora (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.9 (93.0) | 35.3 (95.5) | 36.8 (98.2) | 38.0 (100.4) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 40.0 (104.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 35.6 (96.1) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.6 (96.1) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.1 (88.0) | 29.7 (85.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 30.7 (87.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.3 (72.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.2 (52.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.0 (55.4) | 11.6 (52.9) | 9.0 (48.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 295.4 (11.63) | 250.7 (9.87) | 239.6 (9.43) | 174.7 (6.88) | 235.7 (9.28) | 217.3 (8.56) | 298.9 (11.77) | 216.2 (8.51) | 285.0 (11.22) | 469.8 (18.50) | 645.7 (25.42) | 665.3 (26.19) | 3,994.3 (157.26) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 173 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 88 |
| Source: PAGASA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Casiguran had a population of 26,564. The population density was 37 inhabitants per square kilometre (96/sq mi).
In 1960, the population of Casiguran was 6,900. This was almost doubled by the 1970s when population was 12,128, an increase of about 76% (5.8% annual average growth rate). Between 1970 and 1975, there was a marked decreased in the number of population from 12,128 to 11,670. This reduction was due to deteriorated peace and order, which forced some of the population to move away. The trend reversed by 1980, with an increase of 19% or an annual average growth rate increase of 3.86%. Increasing population continued during the succeeding censal years (1980 to 1995) but with a declining annual average population growth rate. This is attributed to the gradual stoppage of logging operations in the area. Many workers involved in this trade were not original residents, so when the jobs were no longer available, they left. Between 1995 and 1999 there was a significant increase of the annual average population growth rate to 4.36%.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Casiguran
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2000 46.09
* 2003 22.75
* 2006 29.10
* 2009 19.73
* 2012 18.44
* 2015 12.65
* 2018 12.62
* 2021 18.10
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Notable personalities

* Athena Imperial - news field reporter, communication researcher and Miss Philippines Earth 2011.