OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Thomson (New Zealand politician)

David Spence Thomson CMG MC ED PC (14 November 1915 – 25 October 1999) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.

## Biography

Thomson was born in Stratford, the son of former Stratford mayor Percy Thomson. He was a dairy farmer.
He served in the Army in the Middle East in World War II and was a Prisoner of War in 1942. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) later in 1942. He married June Grace Adams in April 1942. They had one son and three daughters.
In the post-war years he was chairman of Federated Farmers. In 1953, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

## Parliamentary career

Thomson was first elected to Parliament, representing the Stratford electorate, in 1963 as a member of the National Party. He was returned for that electorate in every election until 1978, when it was disestablished. He served two terms as the Member of Parliament for Taranaki (the replacement seat) from 1978 to 1984, when he retired.
When Thomson entered Parliament, Keith Holyoake's government was in its second term. Thomson was appointed a minister in the government's third term, after the 1966 election. He initially held the roles of Minister of Defence, Minister in charge of Publicity, War Pensions and Rehabilitation, and Minister Assistant to the Prime Minister. Later he was also Minister of Tourism. For the government's fourth and final term, from 1969 to 1972, Thomson was Minister of Police and latterly in 1972 was Minister of Immigration.
Thomson won re-election in 1972 but National was unable to form a government. He served as National's Labour and Immigration spokesperson under Jack Marshall, and as Justice, Police and Immigration spokesperson under Robert Muldoon.
National formed a new government in 1975. Thomson was Minister of Justice from 1975 to 1978 and Minister of Defence and Leader of the House from 1978 to 1984, when he retired.
In the 1993 New Year Honours, Thomson was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for public services.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Who's Who in New Zealand, 8th edition 1964
* ↑ David E. Walter: Stratford: Shakespearean Town Under The Mountain. Stratford District Council 2005. ISBN 1-877399-05-1
* ↑ "Coronation Medal" (PDF). Supplement to the New Zealand Gazette. No. 37. 3 July 1953. pp. 1021–1035. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
* ↑ Wilson 1985, pp. 90, 94.
* ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 90.
* ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 91.
* ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 94.
* ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 240.
* ↑ "No. 53154". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 31 December 1992. p. 29.
# Jinte Bos

Jinte Bos (born 4 September 2002) is a Dutch wheelchair tennis player, she was a former world junior number two in 2019. She competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics where she reached the quarterfinals in the women's doubles alongside Lizzy de Greef.
Bos was born with hip dysplasia and scoliosis.
# Maria Rivarola

Maria del Carmen Rodriguez de Rivarola, better known by her artistic name Maria Rivarola (born in Buenos Aires, ca. 1957) is an Argentine dancer. She is known for performing a specific style of Argentine Tango known as Milonguero Tango. She is also a cast member of the show Tango Argentino, released in 1983, which resulted in her nomination, along with the rest of the dancers, for the Tony Award in 1986 for Best Choreography. Since her youth, Carlos Rivarola has been her dance partner. Together, they present themselves artistically as Maria and Carlos Rivarola. Maria was one of the founders of the Association of Teachers, Dancers, and Choreographers of the Argentine Tango (ATDCAT) in 2001.

## Biography

Maria del Carmen Rodriguez was born in Buenos Aires around the year 1957. She has studied dance since her youth. During her teenage years, she took part in dances that were shown on television and in the theater, dancing mostly the flamenco.
After acting in many different Latin American countries, Maria returned to Argentina in the middle of the decade in 1970. It was then she came to know Carlos Rivarola, with whom she would be a dance and life partner, adopting from that point on the artistic name Maria Rivarola. Together, in 1975, they took part in a show, organized by Nelida and Nelson, which toured Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. In addition, they acted as one of the regular partners for the television program La Botica del Tango directed by Eduardo Bergara Leumann.
In 1983, they joined a cast that premiered in the show Tango Argentino, a theatrical dance production in which half of the thirty-five songs were choreographed, produced by Claudio Segovia and Hector Orezzoli, in Paris. They toured the world for a decade. Maria and Carlos were then nominated, along with the other dancers, for the Tony Award in 1986 for Best Choreography.
Starting in 1984, the couple began traveling to Japan every year, as they established a special artist connection there. In 1996, Carlos and Maria directed a show that they prepared for Japan entitled "Los Grandes del Tango Argentino". The show included the participation of Juan Carlos Copes, Maria Nieves, Nelida and Nelson, Mayoral and Elsa Maria, Carlos and Ines Borquez and the Color Tango Orchestra. Maria and Carlos also founded and maintained many tango clubs and academies in Japan located in Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya and Osaka.

## Filmography

* Tango Bar (1989) de Marcos Zurinaga
# Calgary–Cambridge model

The Calgary–Cambridge model (Calgary-Cambridge guide) is a method for structuring medical interviews. It focuses on giving a clear structure of initiating a session, gathering information, physical examination, explaining results and planning, and closing a session. It is popular in medical education in many countries.

## Method

The Calgary–Cambridge model involves:
* initiating a session: This involves preparation by the clinician, building rapport with the patient, and an understanding of why the interview is needed.
* gathering information: This may be split into a focus on a biomedical perspective, the patient's experience, and contextual information about the patient. Contextual information may include personal history, social history, and other medical history.
* a physical examination of a patient: This varies based on the purpose of the interview.
* explaining results and planning: This aims to ensure a shared understanding, and allowing for shared decision-making.
* closing a session: This may involve discussing further plans.
This is designed to give a clear structure to the interview, and to help to build the relationship between the clinician and the patient. The importance of nonverbal communication is noted.
The model is based on 71 skills and techniques that improve patient interviews. These include maintaining eye contact, active listening (not interrupting, giving verbal cues), summarizing information frequently, asking about patient ideas and beliefs, and showing empathy.

## Advantages

The Calgary–Cambridge model was developed based on evidence from interviews of patients, and what made them successful. It is generally focussed on the patient and their experience. The guide of skills and techniques is generally seen as comprehensive.

## Disadvantages

The Calgary–Cambridge model has been criticized for creating a separation between the process of interviewing a patient and the information gained. The 71 skills are very difficult to incorporate simultaneously, making it more difficult to learn for clinicians than other techniques.

## History

The Calgary–Cambridge model is named after Calgary, Canada, and Cambridge, United Kingdom where the three authors worked. It is popular in medical education in many countries. It has also been adapted for veterinarians. Other models, such as the Global Consultation Rating Scale, have been based on the Calgary–Cambridge model.
# Miłosz Szczepański

Miłosz Szczepański (born 22 March 1998) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ekstraklasa club Piast Gliwice.

## Honours

Legia Warsaw
* Polish Cup: 2017–18
Raków Częstochowa
* I liga: 2018–19
# Smišljak, Vrbovsko

Smišljak or Smišljak Lukovdolski is a settlement in Croatia, part of the town of Vrbovsko.

## History

On 11 August 2012, drought caused the depletion of water from the storage unit responsible for tap water in Severin na Kupi, Draga Lukovdolska, Močile, Smišljak, Damalj, Klanac, Plešivica, Rim, Zdihovo and Liplje.

## Demographics

* v

## Politics

As of its foundation in 2006, it belongs to the local committee [hr] of Severin na Kupi.

## Infrastructure

The water storage unit between Severin na Kupi and Damalj is responsible for Draga Lukovdolska, Močile, Smišljak, Klanac, Plešivica, Rim, Zdihovo and Liplje.
# Sherwin House

Sherwin House, a Grade II listed building on Pilcher Gate, is the oldest surviving town house in Nottingham.

## History

It was erected between 1689 and 1699 for the Sherwin family. The building is noted for its Jacobean staircase which is the only substantial staircase to survive in Nottingham from prior to 1700.
On the South Prospect of Nottingham drawn in 1742 by Thomas Sandby, the property is shown as having three gables on the south front, and two gables on the west side.
The building was owned by the Sherwin family until the death of John Sherwin on 15 March 1800 it passed to his nephew John Longdon. By 1807 it was owned by Mr. Bigsby, attorney-at-law, who made substantial alterations including stuccoing the exterior facade. A north east wing was added before 1820. The gardens of the property were gradually sold off for building of other houses and in 1884 Pilcher gate was widened which resulted in the loss of the railings and front yard or 65 square yards (54 m$^2$) for a price of £780 (equivalent to £102,700 in 2023).. Another wing was added in the rear courtyard around 1886 when the building was converted into a lace warehouse.
The property lay derelict for many years and demolition was proposed, but in 2013, Mabec Properties started a project to stabilise the structure. Belfast developer Green Door converted it into office space and residential apartments in a scheme approved in 2016. It re-opened in 2021 as office space and residential apartments.
# Charles S. Spencer

Charles Sidney Spencer (born 12 June 1950) is an American curator, researcher, and anthropologist. He serves as the Curator of Mexican and Central American Archaeology in the Division of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. He has over 110 publications to date, including books, chapters, and articles.

## Biography

Charles Sidney Spencer was born on 12 June 1950 in Ancon, Panama, which was then part of the Panama Canal Zone. He attended local U.S.-operated schools in the Canal Zone before leaving Panama to attend Rice University, where he received his BA degree in anthropology in 1972.
He completed his graduate training at the University of Michigan, where he received his Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1981. His dissertation, "The Cuicatlán Cañada and Monte Albán: Interregional Processes and Primary State Formation in Central Oaxaca," was published in 1982 by Academic Press.
Since the 1970s, Spencer has conducted extensive archaeological fieldwork in Mexico and Venezuela. He has trained a generation of graduate students in methodologies of field research, and he also has served on doctoral committees as primary advisor and as a reader. Prior to his appointment at the AMNH in 1991, Spencer was associate professor of anthropology at the University of Connecticut.
In 2007, Spencer was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, one of the highest honors a scientist can receive from a U.S.-based organization. At his induction ceremony in April 2008, NAS President Ralph Cicerone lauded Spencer as "the leading evolutionary archaeologist of his generation." The citation continues: "His fieldwork has documented the rise of entrepreneurial rank societies, the origin of the stratified militaristic state, and the strategies of imperial colonization. His work combines empirical data with evolutionary concepts like tempo, mode, biased transmission, and adaptive peaks."
Spencer is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, along with his wife and research collaborator, Elsa M. Redmond. They reside in the Connecticut suburbs of New York City.
# 2025 in Finland

Events in the year 2025 in Finland.

## Incumbents

* President: Alexander Stubb
* Prime Minister: Petteri Orpo
* Parliament: 2023–2027 Eduskunta/Riksdag
* Speaker of the Parliament: Jussi Halla-aho

## Events

* 14 March – Yan Petrovsky, a Russian national and former commander of the far-right Russian nationalist paramilitary Rusich Group who was arrested in Finland in 2023, is sentenced by a court in Helsinki to life imprisonment for war crimes committed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

### Predicted and scheduled events

* 13 April:
** 2025 Finnish county elections
** 2025 Finnish municipal elections
* 27 August–14 September – EuroBasket 2025 in Cyprus, Finland, Latvia and Poland

## Deaths

* 8 February – Yrjö Kukkapuro, interior architect and furniture designer

## Holidays

Source:
* 1 January - New Year's Day
* 6 January - Epiphany
* 18 April - Good Friday
* 20 April - Easter Sunday
* 21 April - Easter Monday
* 1 May - May Day
* 29 May - Ascension Day
* 8 June - Whit Sunday
* 21 June – Midsummer Day
* 2 November - All Saints' Day
* 6 December – Independence Day
* 24 December - Christmas Eve
* 25 December - Christmas Day
* 26 December – Boxing Day

## Art and entertainment

* List of Finnish submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
* List of Finnish films of the 2020s
# Russian destroyer Ussuriets

Ussuriets (Russian: Уссуриец) was a Gaidamak-class destroyer built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1907, she served in the Baltic Fleet and participated in the First World War.
# 2023 Open de Tenis Ciudad de Pozoblanco

The 2023 Open de Tenis Ciudad de Pozoblanco was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Pozoblanco, Spain between 17 and 23 July 2023.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Hugo Grenier | 129 | 1 |
| USA | Nicolas Moreno de Alboran | 143 | 2 |
| ITA | Mattia Bellucci | 160 | 3 |
| USA | Emilio Nava | 168 | 4 |
| ESP | Pablo Llamas Ruiz | 183 | 5 |
| FRA | Antoine Escoffier | 185 | 6 |
| LTU | Ričardas Berankis | 204 | 7 |
| TUR | Cem İlkel | 231 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 3 July 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Edas Butvilas
* Pablo Llamas Ruiz
* Adrián Menéndez Maceiras
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Pierre-Hugues Herbert
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alberto Barroso Campos
* Daniel Cukierman
* Benjamin Lock
* Iñaki Montes de la Torre
* Filip Peliwo
* Pedro Vives Marcos

## Champions
### Singles

* Hugo Grenier def. Juan Pablo Ficovich 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–2, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$.

### Doubles

* Nam Ji-sung / Song Min-kyu def. Luke Johnson / Benjamin Lock 2–6, 6–4, [10–8].
# BOM (psychedelic)

BOM (3,4,5,beta-tetramethoxyphenethylamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is the beta-methoxy derivative of mescaline. BOM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 200 mg, and the duration unknown. BOM produces few to no effects. Very little data exists about its pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity.

## Legality
### United Kingdom

This substance is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.
# Tete virus

Tete virus is a bunyavirus found originally in Tete Province, Mozambique. It is a disease of animals and humans. Two forms, Bahig and Matruh viruses, were isolated from bird ticks including Hyalomma marginatum, but elsewhere mosquitoes and biting midges have been implicated as vectors.

## Subtypes

* Bahig virus
* Matruh virus
* Tete virus SAAn3518
* Tsuruse virus
* Weldona virus
# 2-Bromomescaline

2-Bromomescaline (2-Br-M) is a derivative of the phenethylamine hallucinogen mescaline which has an unusual 2-bromo substitution. It is an agonist for serotonin receptors, with a binding affinity of 215 nM at 5-HT$_{1A}$, 513 nM at 5-HT$_{2A}$ and 379 nM at 5-HT$_{2C}$, so while it is around ten times more tightly binding than mescaline at 5-HT$_{1A}$ and 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptors, it is over twenty times more potent at 5-HT$_{2C}$. It has been reported as a designer drug, first identified in Austria in January 2023.
# Reijo Linna

Reijo Linna is a Finnish former footballer who played as a midfielder. During his career, he played in his native Finland and Singapore. He won two Finnish championship titles and one Finnish Cup with HJK Helsinki, Singaporean FAS Premier League title with Geylang and Singapore President's Cup with Jurong.
After his playing career, Linna has worked as a youth coach for his parent club Käpylän Pallo.

## Honours

HJK
* Mestaruussarja: 1985, 1987
* Finnish Cup: 1984
Geylang International
* FAS Premier League: 1990
Jurong Town
* Singapore President's Cup: 1989
# Hanbali Mosque

The Hanbali Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الحنبلي, romanized: al-Masjid al-Ḥanbalī) is a major mosque in central Nablus, Palestine, off Jama'a Kabir Street south of Martyr's Square and west of the Great Mosque of Nablus.

## History

The Hanbali Mosque was founded by the al-Hanbali family of Nablus in the early 16th-century, between 1526 and 1527, and named after them. Ancient stone pillars with carved capitals were used during the mosque's construction, possibly dating from the Byzantine or Roman eras. According to local Muslim tradition, the wooden box in the mosque preserves three hairs of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. The box is brought out annually on the 27th day of Ramadan for worshipers to view and seek blessings from.
The minaret of the Hanbali Mosque was rebuilt in 1913. In the 1930s the imam of the mosque, Sheikh Muhammad Radi al-Hanbali maintained connections with the rebel leader Izz al-Din al-Qassam. The Hanbali family administers the mosque's affairs until the present day. During Jordanian rule in the West Bank following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, it was one of the few mosques that maintained its own zakat committee which would control the collection and distribution of zakat funds throughout the local community.
# Michael Johnson (Alaska politician)

Michael Johnson is an American educator who served as Commissioner of the Department of Education & Early Development of Alaska from 2016 to 2022. Prior to that he served in the Copper River School District as superintendent, school principal, district curriculum and staff development director, elementary teacher and special education program assistant. He announced his resignation on June 8, 2022, and officially left office June 30th, 2022.
Johnson is a recipient of the Milken Educator Award.
# Ganimi Kava

Ganimi Kava was a guerrilla warfare tactic developed by the Maratha Empire during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was pioneered by Shivaji, allowing Maratha forces to fight effectively against larger enemy armies.

## Key features

Ganimi Kava tactics included:
* Swift cavalry raids
* Hit-and-run attacks
* Using terrain to their advantage
* Intelligence gathering
* Disrupting enemy supply lines

## Implementation

Shivaji strategically used the rugged terrain of the Western Ghats. He deployed fast, mobile cavalry units to carry out surprise attacks, effectively countering the larger but slower armies of the Mughal Empire and the Adil Shahi dynasty.

## Notable battles

Key battles demonstrating Ganimi Kava include:
* Battle of Pratapgad (1659)
* Recapture of Sinhagad (1670)

## Legacy

Ganimi Kava continued to influence Maratha military strategy under later leaders such as the Peshwas. Its core principles have influenced modern guerrilla warfare and asymmetric military tactics.
# N-t-BOC-MDMA

N-t-BOC-MDMA is a chemical compound which can be both a synthetic precursor to, or a prodrug of the empathogenic drug MDMA. It was first identified in Australia in 2015 as a seizure by customs, and has subsequently been found in China, the Netherlands and other European countries. Originally it was thought to be intended as a non-illegal form of MDMA which could be easily converted into the prohibited final product after importation, however one seizure by police found N-t-BOC-MDMA in the process of being pressed into pills, and experiments with simulated gastric fluid confirmed that it can be broken down to MDMA by human stomach acid. Similar N-protected compounds such as N-t-BOC-methamphetamine, N-p-tosyl-methamphetamine, N-t-BOC-ketamine, N-t-BOC-norketamine, and N-methoxycarbonyl-MDA have also been encountered by law enforcement.

## Legal status

N-t-BOC-MDMA has been specifically listed as an illicit drug in Singapore and South Korea, but is also likely to be controlled by general drug analogue laws in various other countries.
# Nactus cheverti

Nactus cheverti, also known commonly as Chevert's gecko, the Fitzroy Island gecko, and the southern Cape York nactus, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Queensland in Australia.

## Etymology

The specific name, cheverti, refers to the ship Chevert which William John Macleay used on his 1875 expedition to New Guinea.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of N. cheverti is forest.

## Reproduction

N. cheverti is oviparous.
# Königsbrück

Königsbrück (German name; Upper Sorbian name: Kinspork, pronounced Polish: Kińsbork) is a town in the Bautzen district, in Saxony, in eastern Germany. It is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Kamenz, and 27 km (17 mi) northeast of the Saxon capital Dresden. Königsbrück is known as the western gate of the historic Upper Lusatia region.

## History

First mentioned in 1248 the settlement arose around a fortress in the Bohemian crown land of Upper Lusatia where the Via Regia trade route crossed the border with the Margraviate of Meissen. First mentioned as a town in 1331, Königsbrück from 1562 was the administrative centre of a Bohemian state country (Freie Standesherrschaft), which passed under the suzerainty of the Saxon Electorate according to the 1635 Peace of Prague. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route. In 1906 the Kingdom of Saxony had large proving grounds laid out for the XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps stationed at Dresden, that after World War II were used by the Soviet Army and finally closed in 1992.

## Transport

Königsbrück railway station is located south of the town centre. There are hourly passenger services to Ottendorf-Okrilla and Dresden.

## Notable people

* Georg Bartisch (1535–1607), physician, ophthalmologist and urologist
* Marvin Stefaniak (born 1995), footballer