# Fei-Fei Li

Fei-Fei Li (Chinese: 李飞飞; pinyin: Lǐ Fēifēi; born July 3, 1976) is a Chinese-American computer scientist known for establishing ImageNet, the dataset that enabled rapid advances in computer vision in the 2010s. She is the Sequoia Capital professor of computer science at Stanford University and former board director at Twitter. Li is a co-director of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence and a co-director of the Stanford Vision and Learning Lab. She served as the director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory from 2013 to 2018.
In 2017, she co-founded AI4ALL, a nonprofit organization working to increase diversity and inclusion in the field of artificial intelligence. Her research expertise includes artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, computer vision and cognitive neuroscience.
Li was named in the Time 100 AI Most Influential People list in 2023 and received the Intel Lifetime Achievements Innovation Award in the same year for her contributions to artificial intelligence. She was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Medicine in 2020, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021.
On August 3, 2023, it was announced that Li was appointed to the United Nations Scientific Advisory Board, established by Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. In 2024, Li made to the Gold House’s most impactful Asian A100 list. In 2024, Fei-Fei Li, raised $230 million for a startup called World Labs, that she and three colleagues founded to develop a "spatial intelligence" AI technology that can understand how the three-dimensional physical world works.

## Early life and education

Li was born in Beijing, China in 1976 and grew up in Chengdu, Sichuan. She studied at Sichuan Chengdu No.7 High School. When she was 12, her father emigrated to Parsippany, New Jersey from China. When she was 16, she and her mother joined him in the United States. She graduated from Parsippany High School in 1995. She was inducted to the hall of fame at Parsippany High School in 2017.
Li pursued her undergraduate studies at Princeton University. She received a Bachelor of Arts with a major in physics from Princeton University in 1999. Li completed her senior thesis, titled "Auditory binaural correlogram difference: a new computational model for Huggins dichotic pitch," under the supervision of Bradley Dickinson, professor of electrical engineering. During her years at Princeton, she returned home most weekends to help run her family's dry cleaning business and worked as a dishwasher to supplement the family income.
Li then pursued her graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology, where she received a master's degree in electrical engineering in 2001 and a Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering in 2005. Li completed her dissertation, titled "Visual Recognition: Computational Models and Human Psychophysics," under the primary supervision of Pietro Perona and secondary supervision of Christof Koch. Her graduate studies were supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans.

## Career and research

From 2005 to 2006, Li was an assistant professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and from 2007 to 2009, she was an assistant professor in the Computer Science Department at Princeton University. She joined Stanford in 2009 as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 2012, and then full professor in 2018. At Stanford, Li served as the director of Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL) from 2013 to 2018. She became the founding co-director of Stanford's University-level initiative - the Human-Centered AI Institute, along with co-director Dr. John Etchemendy, former provost of Stanford University. The institute aligns with Li's aims to advance AI research, education, policy, and oractice to improve the human condition.
On her sabbatical from Stanford University from January 2017 to fall of 2018, Li joined Google Cloud as its Chief Scientist of AI/ML and Vice President. At Google, her team focused on democratizing AI technology and lowering the barrier for entrance to businesses and developers, including the developments of products like AutoML.
In September 2017, Google secured a contract from the Department of Defense called Project Maven, which aimed to use AI techniques to interpret images captured by drone cameras. Google told employees who protested the company's work on Project Maven that their role was "specifically scoped to be for non-offensive purposes." In June 2018, Google told employees it would not seek renewal of the contract. In internal emails which were later leaked to reporters, Li expressed enthusiasm for the Google Cloud role in Project Maven, but warned against mentioning its AI component, saying that military AI is linked in the public mind with the danger of autonomous weapons. Asked about those leaked emails, Li told The New York Times, "I believe in human-centered AI to benefit people in positive and benevolent ways. It is deeply against my principles to work on any project that I think is to weaponize AI."
In the fall of 2018, Li left Google and returned to Stanford University to continue her professorship.
Li is also known for her non-profit work as the co-founder and chairperson of nonprofit organization AI4ALL, whose mission is to educate the next generation of AI technologists, thinkers and leaders by promoting diversity and inclusion through human-centered AI principles. The program was created in collaboration with Melinda French Gates and Jensen Huang.
Prior to establishing AI4ALL in 2017, Li and her former student Olga Russakovsky, currently an assistant professor in Princeton University, co-founded and co-directed the precursor program at Stanford called SAILORS (Stanford AI Lab OutReach Summers). SAILORS was an annual summer camp at Stanford dedicated to 9th grade high school girls in AI education and research, established in 2015 till it changed its name to AI4ALL @Stanford in 2017. In 2018, AI4ALL has successfully launched five more summer programs in addition to Stanford, including Princeton University, Carnegie Mellon University, Boston University, University of California Berkeley, and Canada's Simon Fraser University.
   We are at a turning point. AI’s influence continues to grow, but representation and inclusion of a diversity of researchers in the field does not. It’s critical that we seize this moment to create structures that will support long-term, positive changes. This won’t happen via a single mechanism or quick fix. It starts with early education and extends to the existing structures of power within academia, work cultures among current AI researchers, and gatekeeping functions of research publishing, to name a few levers of change.
Li has been described as a "researcher bringing humanity to AI."
Li was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021, the National Academy of Engineering in 2020, and the National Academy of Medicine in 2020.

### Research

Li works on artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, cognitive neuroscience, and computational neuroscience. She has published more than 300 peer-reviewed research papers. Her work appears in computer science and neuroscience journals including Nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Neuroscience, Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, International Conference on Computer Vision, Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, European Conference on Computer Vision, International Journal of Computer Vision, and IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. Among her best-known work is the ImageNet project, which has revolutionized the field of large-scale visual recognition.
Li has led the team of students and collaborators to organize the international competition on ImageNet recognition tasks called ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) between 2010 and 2017 in the academic community.
Li's research in computer vision contributed to a line of work called Natural Scene Understanding, or later, story-telling of images. She was recognized for her work in this area by the International Association for Pattern Recognition in 2016. She delivered a talk on the main stage of TED in Vancouver in 2015, and has since then been viewed more than 2 million times.
In recent years, Fei-Fei Li's research work expanded to artificial intelligence in healthcare, collaborating closely with Stanford University School of Medicine professor Arnold Milstein. She has also worked on improving bias in image recognition, for instance by removing concepts with low imageability from ImageNet.

### Teaching

She teaches the Stanford course CS231n on "Deep Learning for Computer Vision," whose 2015 version was previously online at Coursera. She has also taught CS131, an introductory class on computer vision.

### Board roles

In May 2020, Li joined the board of directors of Twitter as an independent director. On October 27, 2022, following Elon Musk’s purchase of the company, Li and eight others were removed from Twitter's nine-member board of directors, leaving Elon as the sole director.
On 3 August 2023, Li Fei Fei was announced as a member of the United Nations (UN) Scientific Advisory Board, established by Secretary-General António Guterres. She is among seven external scientists on this board, which also includes the Chief Scientists from various UN agencies, the UN University Rector, and the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology. The board's primary aim is to offer independent perspectives on emerging trends that intersect science, technology, ethics, governance, and sustainable development. It is designed to act as a central hub for a network of scientific networks, enhancing the integration of scientific insights into UN decision-making processes.

### Selected honors and awards

* 1999 Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans
* 2006 Microsoft Research New Faculty Fellowship
* 2009 NSF CAREER Award
* 2010 Best Paper Honorable Mention, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
* 2011 Fellow, Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship
* 2015 One of the Leading Global Thinkers of 2015, Foreign Policy
* 2016 IEEE PAMI Mark Everingham Prize [reference link]
* 2016 J.K. Aggarwal Prize, International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)
* 2016 One of the 40 “The great immigrants,” Carnegie Foundation
* 2017 WITI@UC Athena Award for Academic Leadership, University of California
* 2017 One of Seven Women in Technology honorees, Elle Magazine
* 2018 Elected as ACM Fellow for "contributions in building large knowledge bases for machine learning and visual understanding"
* 2018 "America's Top 50 Women In Tech" by Forbes
* 2018 U.S. Congressional hearing by Subcommittee on Research and Technology & Subcommittee on Energy
* 2019 Technical Leadership Abie Award Winner, AnitaB.org
* 2019 She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women.
* 2020 Elected member of the National Academy of Engineering
* 2020 Elected member of the National Academy of Medicine
* 2020 Distinguished Alumni Award Winner of California Institute of Technology
* 2020 Member of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
* 2021 Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 2022 Thomas S. Huang Memorial Prize, IEEE PAMI
* 2023 Intel Lifetime Achievements Innovation Award
* 2023 Time AI100
* 2024 Woodrow Wilson Award, Princeton
* 2024 VinFuture Prize's grand prize
* 2025 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering jointly with Yoshua Bengio, Bill Dally, Geoffrey E. Hinton, John Hopfield, Jen-Hsun Huang and Yann LeCun.

## Personal life

Li is married to Stanford professor Silvio Savarese. They have a son and a daughter.

## Publications
### Books

* Ford, Martin (2018). "Fei-Fei Li". Architects of Intelligence: The Truth About AI from the People Building it. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing. pp. 145–162. ISBN 978-1-78913-126-0. OCLC 1083340727. Interview of Li by Ford.
* Li, Fei Fei (2023). The Worlds I See: Curiosity, Exploration, and Discovery at ahe Dawn Of Ai. New York, NY: Moment of Lift Books, Flatiron Books. ISBN 978-1-250-89794-7. OCLC 1404458360.

### Selected articles

* Li, Fei Fei; VanRullen, Rufin; Koch, Christof; Perona, Pietro (July 9, 2002). "Rapid natural scene categorization in the near absence of attention". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (14): 9596–9601. doi:10.1073/pnas.092277599. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 123186. PMID 12077298.
* Li Fe-Fei; Fergus; Perona (2003). Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (PDF). IEEE. doi:10.1109/iccv.2003.1238476.
* Li Fei-Fei; Fergus, R.; Perona, P. (2004). Learning Generative Visual Models from Few Training Examples: An Incremental Bayesian Approach Tested on 101 Object Categories. IEEE. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2004.383.
* Fei-Fei Li; Perona, P. (2005). A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Learning Natural Scene Categories (PDF). Vol. 2. IEEE. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2005.16. ISBN 978-0-7695-2372-9.
* Li Fei-Fei; Fergus, R.; Perona, P. (2006). "One-shot learning of object categories". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 28 (4): 594–611. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.79. ISSN 0162-8828. Presented as slides.
* Fei-Fei, Li; Iyer, Asha; Koch, Christof; Perona, Pietro (January 31, 2007). "What do we perceive in a glance of a real-world scene?". Journal of Vision. 7 (1): 10. doi:10.1167/7.1.10. ISSN 1534-7362.