# List of states during the Middle Ages

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Post-classical history (also called the post-classical era) is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China). In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages.

## Europe
### British Isles
#### England

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Angevin Empire | No official | Empire | 1154–1242 AD |
| Dumnonia | Isca Dumnoniorum | Principality | 360–710 AD |
| England | Winchester, London | Kingdom | 927–1707 AD |
| East Angles | Rendlesham, Dommoc | Kingdom | 6th century–918 AD |
| Essex | Rendlesham, Dommoc | Kingdom | 527–825 AD |
| Haestingas | Hastings | Tribal kingdom | 6th century–771 AD |
| Kent | Durovernum | Kingdom | 488–871 AD |
| Lindsey | Lindum | Kingdom/Client | 410–775 AD |
| Mercia | Tamworth | Kingdom | 527–918 AD |
| Northumbria | Bamburgh | Kingdom | 653–954 AD |
| North Sea Empire | Ribe | Personal union | 1013–1042 AD |
| Sussex | Selsey | Kingdom | 477–825 AD |
| Wessex | Winchester | Kingdom | 519–1018 AD |
| Wihtwara | Wihtgarsburgh | Kingdom | 512–686 AD |

#### Scotland

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Alba | Clogher | Kingdom | 900–1286 AD |
| Cait | | Tribal kingdom | 25–871 AD |
| Cé | | Tribal kingdom | 1st century–900 AD |
| Dal Riada | Dunadd | Kingdom | 501–878 AD |
| Fortriu | | Tribal kingdom | 1–850 AD |
| Galloway | | Kingdom | c. 1000–1234 AD |
| Gododdin | | Kingdom | 5th–8th centuries AD |
| Mann and Isles | | Kingdom | 848–1266 AD |
| Moray | | Kingdom | c. 970–1130 AD |
| Pictland | | Kingdom | 452–850 |
| Scotland | Stirling, Edinburgh | Kingdom | 843–1707 AD |
| Strathclyde | Dumbarton, Govan | Kingdom | 450–1093 AD |

#### Wales

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Brycheiniog | | Kingdom | 450–1045 AD |
| Deheubarth | Dinefwr | Kingdom | 920–1197 AD |
| Dyfed | | Kingdom | 410–910 AD |
| Gwent | Caerwent, Porth-is-Coed | Kingdom | 420–1081 AD |
| Glywysing | Cardiff | Kingdom | 490–1063 AD |
| Gwynedd | Various | Kingdom | 420–1216 AD |
| Powys | Various | Kingdom | 488–1160 AD |
| Wales | Aber Garth Celyn | Principality | 1216–1542 AD |

### Ireland

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Airgíalla | Clogher | Tribal Federation/kingdom | 331–1590 AD |
| Brega | | Kingdom | 620–1013 AD |
| Breifne | Croghan | Kingdom | 700–1256 AD |
| Desmond | Killarney | Kingdom | 1118–1596 AD |
| Dublin | Dublin | Kingdom | 853–1170 AD |
| East Breifne | Belturbet, Cavan | Kingdom | 1256–1607 AD |
| Iar Connacht | Dromahair | Túatha/Kingdom | 1051–1589 AD |
| Ireland | Dublin | Lordship | 1171–1542 AD |
| Iveagh | | Túath | 4th century–1543 AD |
| Leinster | | Kingdom | 436–1632 AD |
| Mac William Íochtar | Kilmaine | Tanistry | 1330–1602 AD |
| Meath | Dublin | Kingdom | 1st century–1173 AD |
| Kingdom of Munster | Cork | Kingdom | 1st century BC –1118 AD |
| Northern Uí Néill | various | Kingdom | 420–1137 AD |
| Ossory | Kilkenny | Kingdom | 150–1185 AD |
| Thomond | Ennis | Kingdom | 1118–1543 AD |
| Tyrconnell | Dun na nGall | Kingdom | 464–1607 AD |
| Uí Failghe | Rathangan, Daingean | Kingdom | 507–1550 AD |
| Uí Fidgenti | Brugh Ríogh | Kingdom | 4th–1th century AD |
| Uí Liatháin | Castlelyons | Kingdom | 4th century–1220 AD |
| Uí Mháine | various | Túatha | 357–1611 AD |
| Ulaid | various | Kingdom | 400–1177 AD |
| West Breifne | Dromahair | Túatha | 1256–1605 AD |

### France/Germany/Low Countries

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Angevin Empire | No official | Empire | 1154–1242 AD |
| Austrasia | Metz | Kingdom | 511–751 AD |
| Bavaria | | Dukedom | 508–788 AD |
| Béarn | Various | Viscounty | 9th century–1620 AD |
| Bouillon | Bouillon | Dukedom | 1456–1794 AD |
| Brabant | Brussels | Duchy | 1183–1430 AD |
| Brittany | Various | Dukedom | 939–1547 AD |
| Burgundy | Dijon | Dukedom | 1032–1477 AD |
| Carantania | Karnburg | Principality | 658–828 AD |
| Carolingian Empire | Aachen | Empire | 800–888 AD |
| East Francia | Various | Kingdom | 843–962 AD |
| France | Paris, Versailles | Kingdom | 843–1792 AD |
| Frisia | Dorestad, Utrecht | Tribal kingdom | 600–734 AD |
| Frisia (Upstalsboom League) | | Confederacy | c. 1200–c. 1500 AD |
| Flanders | Various | Countship | 862–1795 AD |
| Frankish Empire | Tournai, Paris | Kingdom/Empire | 481–843 AD |
| Holland | The Hague | Countship | 11th century–1795 AD |
| Holy Roman Empire see List of states of the Holy Roman Empire | No official | Empire | 962–1806 AD |
| Lorraine | Nancy | Dukedom | 959–1766 AD |
| Lotharingia | | Kingdom | 855–959 AD |
| Middle Francia | Aachen | Kingdom | 843–855 AD |
| Normandy | Rouen | Duchy | 911–1259 AD |
| Old Saxony | | Dukedom | 758–804 AD |
| Pomerania | Various | Duchy | 1121–1637 AD |
| Poher | Vorgium | Principality | 520–936 AD |
| Saxons | | Tribal confederation | 5th century BC–754 AD |
| Swiss Confederacy | Various | Confederacy | c. 1300–1798 |
| Terra Mariana | Various | Confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1207–1561 AD |
| West Francia | Paris | Kingdom | 843–987 AD |

### Scandinavia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Denmark | Various | Kingdom | c. 900 AD–state exists today |
| Iceland | Þingvellir | Commonwealth (federation) | 930–1262 AD |
| Kalmar | Copenhagen (from 1443) | Union | 1397–1523 AD |
| North Sea Empire | Ribe | Personal union | 1013–1042 AD |
| Kingdom of Norway | Various | Kingdom | 872 AD–state exists today |
| Petty kingdoms of Norway | Various | Kingdoms | ?–872 AD |
| Sweden | Various | Kingdom | c.970–state exists today |

### Balkans

| Name | Capital/s | State type | Existed |
| Albania | Durrës | Principality | 1328–1415 AD |
| Achaea | Andravida, Mystras | Principality | 1205–1432 AD |
| Arbanon | Kruja | Principality | 1190–1255 AD |
| Archipelago | Naxos | Duchy | 1207–1579 AD |
| Argos & Nauplia | Nauplia | Lordship/client | 1212–1388 AD |
| Arta | Arta | Despotate | 1359–1416 AD |
| Athens | Athens | Duchy | 1205–1458 AD |
| Bodonitsa | Benevento | Marquisate/client | 1204–1414 AD |
| Kingdom of Bosnia | Various | Kingdom | 1377–1463 AD |
| Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | Empire | 395–1453 AD |
| First Bulgarian Empire | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018) | Empire | 681–1018 AD |
| Second Bulgarian Empire | Tarnovo (1185 –1393) Vidin and Nikopol (1393–1396) | Empire | 1185–1396 AD |
| Emirate of Crete | Chandax | Emirate | 824–961 AD |
| Croatian duchy | Various | Principality | c. 800–925 AD |
| Croatia | Various | Kingdom | 925–1102 AD |
| Dobruja | Karvuna | Despotate | 1356–1411 AD |
| Duklja | Shkodër | Despotate | 10th century–1186 AD |
| Latin Empire | Constantinople | Empire | 1204–1261 AD |
| Despotate of Lovech | Lovech | Despotate | 1330-1446 AD |
| League of Lezhë | | Confederacy | 1444–1479 AD |
| Lower Pannonia | Various | Principality/client | 839–875 AD |
| Narentines | | Tribal chiefdom/countship/dukedom | 6th–10th centuries AD |
| Neopatras | Neopatras | Duchy | 1319–1390 |
| Lordship of Prilep | Prilep | Kingdom | 1371–1395 AD |
| Ragusa | Ragusa | Republic | 1358–1807 AD |
| Salona | Salona | Lordship | 1212–1394 |
| Principality of Serbia | Ras | Principality | 7th century–c. 970 |
| Grand Principality of Serbia | Ras | Grand Principality | c. 1080–1217 |
| Kingdom of Serbia | Ras, Žiča, Prizren | Kingdom | 1217–1346 |
| Serbian Empire | Skopje, Prizren | Empire | 1346–1371 |
| Principality of Serbia | Kruševac | Principality | 1371–1402 |
| Serbian Despotate | Kuševac, Beograd, Smederevo | Despotate | 1402–1459 |
| Travunia | Trebinje | Principality/client | 850–1482 AD |
| Thessalonica | Thessalonica | Kingdom | 1204–1224 AD |
| Principality of Valona | Valona | Principality | 1346–1417 AD |
| Vidin | Vidin | Tsardom | 1356–1365 AD |

### Iberian Peninsula

| Name | Capital/s | State type | Existed |
| Aragon | Jaca, Zaragoza | Kingdom | 1162–1716 AD |
| Asturias | Various | Kingdom | 718–924 AD |
| Castile | Various | Kingdom | 1230–1516 AD |
| Catalonia | Barcelona | Principality | 1162–1716 AD |
| Córdoba | Córdoba | Emirate | 756–929 AD |
| Córdoba | Córdoba | Caliphate | 929–1031 AD |
| Galicia | A Coruña | Kingdom | 910–1833 AD |
| Hispanica | Girona? | Marquisate | 795–801 AD |
| León | Leon | Kingdom | 910–1230 AD |
| Majorca | Palma, Perpignan | Kingdom | 1231–1715 AD |
| Navarre | Pamplona | Kingdom | 824–1841 AD |
| County of Portugal | Guimarães, Coimbra | Kingdom | 868–1139 AD |
| Portugal | Various | Kingdom | 1139–1910 AD |
| Spain | Toledo, Madrid | Composite monarchy/Kingdom | 1516 AD–state exists today |
| Taifa | Various | Confederation of kingdoms/principalities | 1011–1571 AD |
| Valencia | Valencia | Kingdom | 1238–1707 AD |
| Visigothic | Various | Kingdom | 418–720 AD |

### Italy

| Name | Capital/s | State type | Existed |
| Ancona | Ancona | Republic | 100–1532 AD |
| Apulia and Calabria | Malfi, later Salerno | County | 1043–1130 AD |
| Benevento | Benevento | Dukedom/Principality/Client | 571–1074 AD |
| Capua | Capua | Principality | 861–1139 AD |
| Ceva | Ceva | Marquisate | 1125–1427 AD |
| Republic of Cospaia | Coapaia | Republic | 1440–1826 AD |
| Florence | Florence | Republic | 1115–1532 AD |
| Duchy of Gaeta | Gaeta | Duchy | 839–1140 AD |
| Genoa | Genoa | Republic | 1005–1797 AD |
| Lombard | Pavia | Kingdom | 568–774 AD |
| Lucca | Lucca | Republic | 1160–1805 AD |
| Milan | Milan | Duchy | 1395–1796 AD |
| Naples | Naples | Duchy | 661–1137 AD |
| Republic of Noli | Noli | Republic | 1192–1797 |
| Papal | Rome | Pontifical states | 754–1870 AD |
| Republic of Pisa | Pisa | Republic | 1000–1406 |
| Salerno | Salerno | Principality | 851–1077 AD |
| San Marino | San Marino | Republic | 301 AD–state exists today |
| Sardinian kingdoms | Various | Various Kingdom | 10thcentury–1420 AD |
| Sardinia | Cagliari, Turin | Kingdom | 1324–1861 AD |
| Savoy | Chambeery, later Turin | Dukedom | 1416–1714 |
| Emirate of Sicily | Balarm | Emieate | 831–1091 AD |
| County of Sicily | Palermo | County | 1071–1130 AD |
| Kingdom of Sicily | Various | Kingdom | 1130–1816 AD |
| Siena | Siena | Republic | 1125–1555 AD |
| Sorrento | Sorrento | Duchy | 840–1137 AD |
| Venice | Venice | Republic | 697–1797 AD |
| Western Roman Empire | Ravenna | Empire | 395-480 AD |

### Hungary/Poland/Baltics

| Name | Capital/s | State type | Existed |
| Avar Khaganate | Not specified | Khaganate | 567–804 AD |
| Principality of Hungary | Esztergom, Székesfehérvár | Principality | 895–1000 AD |
| Kingdom of Hungary | Various | Kingdom | 1000–1918/ 1920–1946 AD |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | Grand Duchy | 1236–1569 AD |
| Livonia | Various | Confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1435 — 1561 AD |
| Moravia | Veligrad | Kingdom | 833–907 AD |
| Duchy of Poland | Gniezno | Kingdom | 966–1025 AD |
| Kingdom of Poland | Gniezno. later Cracovia | Kingdom | 1025-1385 AD |
| Crown of the Kingdom of Poland | Krakow | Kingdom | 1385–1795 AD |
| Terra Mariana | Various | Confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1207–1561 AD |

### Russia/Ukraine/Belarus/Lithuania

| Name | Capital/s | State type | Existed |
| Principality of Beloozero | Beloozero | Principality | 1199-1550 AD |
| Old Great Bulgaria | Phanagoria | Absolute monarchy, Khaganate | 632–668 AD |
| Principality of Chernihiv | Chernihiv | Principality | 1024–1402 AD |
| Crimean Khanate | Stary Krym, Bakhchisaray | Khanate | 1449–1783 AD |
| Principality of Dmitrov | Dmitrov | Principality | 1338-1460 AD |
| Duchy of Lithuania | Aukštaitija | Duchy | 1111-1236 AD |
| Galicia–Volhynia | Various | Principality/kingdom/client | 1199–1349 AD |
| Principality of Galich | Galich | Principality | 1200-1481 AD |
| Principality of Galicia | Halych | Principality | 1124–1199 AD |
| Principality of Kholm | Kholm | Principality | 1330-1487 AD |
| Kievan Rus' | Kiev | Federated principalities | 882–1283 AD |
| Principality of Kiev | Kiev | Principality | 1132–1471 AD |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | Grand Dukemond | 1236–1569 AD |
| Principality of Mikulin | Mikulin | Principality | 1339-1485 AD |
| Moscow | Moscow | Grand Duchy / client | 1283–1547 AD |
| Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal | Nizhny Novgorod | Principality | 1341–1425 AD |
| Novgorod Republic | Novgorod | Republic | 1136–1478 AD |
| Principality of Pereyaslavl | Krakow | Kingdom | 988–1239/1323 AD |
| Great Perm | Perm | Principality | 1190-1600 AD |
| Polotsk | Polotak | Principality | 987–1504 AD |
| Tsardom of Russia | Moscow, Saint Petersburg | Tsardom | 1547–1721 AD |
| Principality of Ryazan | Ryazan | Principality | 1129–1521 AD |
| Principality of Serpukhovsko-Borovsky | Serpukhov | Principality | 1338-1460 AD |
| Principality of Smolensk | Smolensk | Principality, vassal state | 1054–1508 AD |
| Principality of Starodub | Starodub | Principality | 1215-1451 AD |
| Principality of Tver | Tver | Principality | 1246–1485 AD |
| Principality of Vereya | Vereya | Principality | 1400-1491 AD |
| Vladimir-Suzdal | Vladimir | Principality | 1157–1331 AD |
| Principality of Volhynia | Volhynia | Principality | 1157–1331 AD |
| Principality of Yaroslavl | Yaroslavl | Principality | 1217–1470 AD |

## Middle East and North Africa
### Middle East
#### Anatolia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Ahis | Ankara | Beylik | 1230–1392 AD |
| Alaiye | Alanya | Beylik | 1293–1471 AD |
| Aydinids | Birgi, Selçuk | Beylik | 1300–1425 AD |
| Armenian Cilicia | Tarsus, Sis | Kingdom | 1198–1375 AD |
| Arminiya | Dvin | Principality/client | 653–884 AD |
| Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | Empire | 330–1453 AD |
| Beyliks of Canik | Various | Beylik | 1330s–1460 AD |
| Candar dynasty | Eflani, Kastamonu, Sinop | Beylik | 1291–1461 AD |
| Chobanids | Kastamonu | Beylik | 1211–1309 AD |
| Beylik of Çubukoğulları | Harput | Beylik | 1085–1112 AD |
| Beylik of Dilmaç | Bitlis | Beylik | 1085–1398 AD |
| Beylik of Dulkadir | Elbistan, Maras | Beylik | 1348–1522 AD |
| Germiyanids | Kütahya | Beylik | 1300–1429 AD |
| Hamidids | Eğirdir | Beylik | 1300–1391 AD |
| Inalids | Diyarbakır | Beylik | 1085–1183 AD |
| Karamanids | Karaman | Beylik | 1250–1487 AD |
| Karasids | Balıkesir, Bergama, Çanakkale | Beylik | 1286–1357 AD |
| Kurdish emirates | various | Chiefdoms/Principalities | 16th–19th century AD |
| Beylik of Lâdik | Denizli, | Beylik | 1262–1391 AD |
| Mengujekids | Erzurum | Beylik | 1072–1277 AD |
| Menteshe | Milas | Beylik | 1261–1424 AD |
| Marwanids | Diyarbakir | Emirate | 983–1085 AD |
| Nicaea | Nicaea | Empire/client | 1204–1261 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Pervâneoğlu | Sinop | Beylik | 1277–1322 AD |
| Ramadanid Emirate | Adana | Emirate | 1352–1608 AD |
| Rüm | Nicaea, Iconium | Sultanate | 1077–1307 AD |
| Sahib Ataids | Afyonkarahisar | Beylik | 1275–1341 AD |
| Saltukids | Erzurum | Beylik | 1072–1202 AD |
| Sarukhanids | Manisa | Beylik | 1300–1510 AD |
| Shah-Armens | Ahlat | Beylik | 1110–1207 AD |
| Beylik of Smyrna | Izmir | Beylik | 1081–1098 AD |
| Beylik of Tanrıbermiş | Alaşehir | Beylik | 1071–1098 AD |
| Teke | Antalya, Korkuteli | Beylik | 1321–1423 AD |
| Trebizond Empire | Trebizond | Empire/client | 1204–1461 AD |

#### Arabia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | Empire (religious) | 750–1256 AD |
| Ghassanid | Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideir | Kingdom | 220–712 AD |
| Jabrids | | Emirate | 1417–1524 |
| Jarwanid dynasty | Qatif | Kingdom | 1310–1417 AD |
| Mahdids | | Sultanate | 1155–1174 AD |
| Mecca | Mecca | Emirate | 967–1916 |
| Medina | Medina | Islamic state | 630–632 AD |
| Nabhanis | Bahla | Kingdom | 1154–1624 AD |
| Najahid dynasty | Zabid | Emirate | 1022–1158 AD |
| Ormus | Hormuz | Kingdom | 11th century–1622 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Qarmatians | al-Hasa | Republic (Utopia) | 899–1067 AD |
| Rassids | Not specified | Imamate | 897–1962 AD |
| Rasulid dynasty | Zubid | Sultanate | 1229–1454 AD |
| Sulaymanids | | Sultanate | 1063–1174 AD |
| Sulayhid dynasty | Sana'a | Sultanate | 1047–1138 AD |
| Tahirids | Zabid | Sultanate | 1454–1517 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |
| Usfurids | Al-Hasa | Kingdom | 1253–1320 AD |
| Uyunid | Al Hasa, Awal, Qatif | Emirate | 1076–1253 AD |
| Wajihids | Suhar | Emirate | 926–965 AD |
| Yu'firids | Sana'a, Shibam Kawkabam | Principality | 847–997 AD |
| Ziyadid | Zabid | Emirate (religious) | 819–1018 AD |
| Zurayids | Aden | Tribal confederacy (religious) | 1083–1174 AD |

#### Iran

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | Empire (religious) | 750–1256 AD |
| Afrasiyab dynasty | Amol | Kingdom | 1349–1504 |
| Ahmadilis | Maragheh | Kingdom | 1122–1225 AD |
| Alavids | Amol | Kingdom | 864–900/914–928 AD |
| Aq Qoyunlu | Various | Confederate/Sultanate | 1378–1501 AD |
| Baduspanids | | Kingdom | 665–1598 AD |
| Banu Ilyas | Bardsir | Emirate | 923–968 AD |
| Bavand | Perim, Sari, Amol | Kingdom | 651–1349 AD |
| Buwayhids | Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad | Emirate | 934–1062 AD |
| Chobanids | Tebriz | Kingdom | 1338–1357 AD |
| Dabuyid | Amol, Sari, Fuman | Kingdom | 642–760 AD |
| Ghurid | Various | Sultanate | 879–1215 AD |
| Hasanwayhids | Dinawar | Emirate | 959–1015 AD |
| Hazaraspids | | Chiefdom | 1115–1424 AD |
| Ilkhanate | Maragha, Tabriz, Soltaniyeh | Nomadic kingdom | 1256–1335 AD |
| Injuids | Shiraz | Empire | 1335–1357 AD |
| Jalayirid Sultanate | Baghdad, Tabriz | Sultanate | 1335–1432 AD |
| Justanids | Rudbar | Kingdom | 791–11th-century |
| Kakuyids | Isfahan, Yazd | Kingdom | 1008–1141 AD |
| Kara Koyunlu | Tabriz | Confederation | 1374–1468 AD |
| Khorshidi dynasty | Khorramabad | Kingdom | 1184–1497 AD |
| Mar'ashis | Anol, Sari, Vatashan | Kingdom | 1359–1596 AD |
| Masmughans of Damavand | Damavand | Kingdom | 651–760 AD |
| Muzaffarids | Kerman | Kingdom | 1314–1393 AD |
| Nizari Ismaili | Alamut Castle, Masyaf | Military order | 1090–1273 AD |
| Qarinvand dynasty | Lafur | Kingdom | 550s–11th century AD |
| Rawadids | Tabriz | Emirate | 955–1071 AD |
| Sadakiyans | | Chiefdom | 770–827/8 AD |
| Saffarid dynasty | Zaranj | Empire | 861–1002 AD |
| Safavid Iran | Tabriz, Qazvin, Isfahan | Empire | 1501–1736 AD |
| Sajid dynasty | Maragah, Ardabil | Kingdom | 789–929 AD |
| Salghurids | Shiraz | Atabegate | 1148–1282 AD |
| Sallarid dynasty | Tarom | Kingdom | 919–1062 AD |
| Sarbadars | Sabzevar | Kingdom | 1337–1381 AD |
| Sasanian Empire | Istakhr, Cteisphon | Empire | 224–651 AD |
| Seljuk | Nishapur, Rey, Isfahan, Merv, Hamadan | Empire | 1037–1194 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |
| Atabegs of Yazd | Yazd | Kingdom | 1141–1319 AD |
| Ziyarid dynasty | Various | Kingdom | 931–1090 AD |

#### Mesopotamia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | Empire (religious) | 750–1256 AD |
| Artuqids | Hasankeyf, Diyarbakır, Harput, Mardin | Beylik | 1102–1409 AD |
| Buwayhids | Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad | Emirate | 934–1062 AD |
| Hamdanid | Mosul, Aleppo | Emirate | 890–1003 AD |
| Jalayirid Sultanate | Baghdad, Tabriz | Sultanate | 1335–1432 AD |
| Numayrids | Harran | Emirate | 990–1081 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Uqaylid | Mosul | Emirate | 990–1096 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |
| Zengid | Aleppo | Emirate | 1127–1250 AD |

#### Levantine/Cyprus

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | Empire (religious) | 750–1256 AD |
| Antioch | Antioch | Principality/client | 1098–1268 AD |
| Assaf | Ghazir | Lordship/client | 1306–1591 AD |
| Banu Ammar | Tripoli | Principality/client (religious) | 1070–1109 AD |
| Cyprus | Nicosia | Kingdom | 1192–1489 AD |
| Edessa | Edessa, Turbessel | Countship | 1098–1150 AD |
| Galilee | Tiberias | Principality/client | 1099–1187 AD |
| Harfush | Baalbek | Lordship/client | 1490–1865 AD |
| Jarrahids | Ramla | Emirate/client | 970–1107 AD |
| Jerusalem | Jerusalem | Kingdom | 1099–1291 AD |
| Ma'n | Chouf | Lordship/client | 1120–1697 AD |
| Mirdasid | Aleppo | Emirate | 1024–1080 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Oultrejordain | Montreal (Arabah), Kerak | Lordship/client | 1118–1199 AD |
| Sidon | Sidon | Lordship/client | 1110–1260 AD |
| Tripoli | Tripoli | Countship/client | 1102–1289 AD |
| Tulunids | Al-Qata'i | Emirate | 868–905 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |

### North Africa
#### Egypt

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | Empire (religious) | 750–1256 AD |
| Ayyubid | Cairo | Confederated principalities/empire | 1171–1341 AD |
| Banu Kanz | Aswan | Empire | 943–1365 AD |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo | Nomadic kingdom | 909–1171 AD |
| Ikhshidid | Fustat | Emirate | 935–969 AD |
| Mamluk | Cairo | Sultanate | 1250–1517 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Tulunids | Al-Qata'i | Emirate | 868–905 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |

#### Maghreb

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Aghlabids | Kairouan | Vassal State | 800–909 |
| Almoravid | Aghmat, Marrakesh | Empire | 1040–1147 AD |
| Almohad | Tinmel, Marrakesh | Empire (religious) | 1121–1269 AD |
| Kingdom of the Aurès | Arris, Khenchela | Kingdom | 484–703 AD |
| Banu Khazrun | Tripoli | Kingdom | 1001–1146 AD |
| Banu Khattab | Zawila | Kingdom | 918–1177 AD |
| Banu Khurasan | Tunis | Kingdom | 1108–1159 AD |
| Banu Talis | Bani Walid | Emirate | 1258–1551 AD |
| Banu Thabit | Tripoli | Kingdom | 14th century |
| Barghawata | | Tribal Confederation | 744–1058 AD |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo | Empire | 909–1171 AD |
| Hammadid | Beni Hammad, Bejaia | Kingdom | 1014–1152 AD |
| Hafsid | Tunis | Sultanate | 1229–1574 AD |
| Idrisids | Fez | Empire (religious) | 788–985 AD |
| Kingdom of Kuku | Kuku | Sultanate | 1515–1638 AD |
| Midrarid dynasty | Sijilmasa | Kingdom | 757–976 AD |
| Maghrawa | Oujda | Emirate | 988–1069 AD |
| Marinid Sultanate | Fez | Sultanate | 1244–1465 AD |
| Nekor | Temsaman, Nekor | Emirate | 710–1012 AD |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | Empire | 1299–1922 AD |
| Kingdom of Ouarsenis | Jedars | Kingdom | 430–735 AD |
| Rustamid dynasty | Tahert | Imamate | 707–999 AD |
| Saadi Sultanate | Various | Sultanate | 1510–1659 AD |
| Sulaymanid dynasty | Tlemcen | Kingdom | 814–922 AD |
| Tlemcen | Tlemcen | Kingdom | 1235–1554 AD |
| Emirate of Tlemcen | Tlwmcen | Emirate | 757–790 AD |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire (religious) | 661–750 AD |
| Wattasid dynasty | Fez | Kingdom | 1472–1554 AD |
| Zab Emirate | Biskra | Emirate | 1350's–1402 AD |
| Zirid dynasty | Various | Vassal state | 972–1148 AD |

## Caucasus,Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia
### Caucasus

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
| Kingdom of Abkhazia | Anakopia, Kutaisi | Kingdom | 1463–1864 | |
| Principality of Abkhazia | Sukhumi | Principality | 1463–1864 | |
| Ahmadilis | Maragheh | Kingdom | 1122–1225 AD | |
| Alania | Maghas | Kingdom | Late 9th century–1240 | |
| Kingdom of Artsakh | khachen, Haterk, Vaykunik | Kingdom | 1261–1603 | |
| Avaria | Khunzakh | Khaganate | 13th century–1864 AD | |
| Bagratid Armenia | Various | Kingdom | 880s–1045 AD | |
| Circassia | Various | Kingdom | 7th century–1864 AD | |
| Eldiguzids | Nakhchivan | Atabeg | 1126–1245 AD | |
| Georgia | Kutaisi, Tbilisi | Kingdom | 1008–1491 AD | |
| Iberia | Tbilisi | Principality | 580–891 AD | |
| Kingdom of Kakheti | Gremi | Kingdom | 1465–1762 AD | |
| Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti | Telavi | Kingdom | 1014–1104 AD | |
| Karluk Yabghu | Suyab, later Balasagun | Tribal Kingdom | 756–840 AD | |
| Kingdom of Kartli | Tbilisi | Kingdom | 1478–1762 AD | |
| Principality of Khachen | Gandzasar, Haterk, Tsar | Principality | 1261–1603 | |
| Lazica | Phasis | Kingdom/client | 1st century BC–7th century AD | |
| Shirvanshahs | Shamakhi, later Baku | Kingdom | 861–1534 AD | |
| Simsim | | Kingdom | 1349–1470 AD | |
| Sarir | Humraj | Kingdom/client | 453–1000 AD | |
| Tarki Shamkhalate | Tarki | Kingdom | 8th century–1867 AD | |
| Kingdom of Syunik | Kapan | Kingdom | 987–1170 AD | |
| Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget | Matsnaberd, Lori | Kingdom | 979–1118 AD | |
| Kingdom of Vaspurakan | Van | Kingdom | 908–1021 AD | |
| Zakarid Armenia | Van | Kingdom | 1201–1050 AD | Ani |

### Eurasian Steppe

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Astrakhan Khanate | Astrakhan | Khaganate | 1466–1556 |
| Avar Khaganate | | Khaganate | 567–804 AD |
| Barsil | | Tribal union | 600–700 AD |
| Old Great Bulgaria | Phanagoria | Absolute monarchy, Khaganate | 632–668 AD |
| Volga Bulgaria | Bolghar, Bilär | Monarchy, Khaganate | 7th century–1240s AD |
| Chagatai Khanate | Almaliq | Nomadic Empire | 1226–1660 AD |
| Cumania | Not specified | Nomadic confederation | 900–1220 AD |
| Eastern Turkic Khaganate | Otuken | Nomadic Empire | 603–645 AD |
| Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom | Ganzhou | Kingdom | 894–1038 AD |
| Göktürk Khaganate | Ordu Baliq | Nomadic confederation | 552–747 AD |
| Golden Horde | Sarai Batu | Khanate | 1240–1502 AD |
| Karluk Yabghu | Suyab, later Balasagun | Tribal Kingdom | 756–840 AD |
| Kangar union | located in Ulutau mountains | Nomadic Kingdom | 659–750 AD |
| Khanate of Kazan | Kazan | Khanate | 1438–1552 AD |
| Khamag Mongol | | Tribal confederation/khanate | 1120–1206 AD |
| Kara-Khanid Khanate | Various | Nomadic confederation | 840–1212 AD |
| Khazar Khaganate | Various | Nomadic kingdom | 618–1048 AD |
| Khitan | Shangjing | Kingdom/client | 388–1211 AD |
| Kimek–Kipchak confederation | Imekia | Tribal confederation | 880–1035 AD |
| Moghulistan | Almaliq | Khaganate | 1347–1660s AD |
| Mongol Empire | Various | Empire | 1206–1368 AD |
| Nogai Horde | Saray-Jük | Horde | 1440s–1634 AD |
| Northern Yuan | Shangdu | Kingdom | 1368–1635 AD |
| Oghuz Yabgu State | Jankent | Khaganate | 766–1055 AD |
| Qocho Kingdom | Qocho | Kingdom | 843–14th century AD |
| Oirat Confederation | Tarki | Tribal Confederation | 1399–1634 AD |
| Second Turkic Khaganate | Otuken, Yarγan yurtï | Nomadic Empire | 682–744 AD |
| Khanate of Sibir | Sibir | Khaganate | 1468–1598 AD |
| Tatar | Not specified | Confederation | 8th century–1202 AD |
| Uyghur Khaganate | Otuken, later Ordu-Baliq | Nomadic Empire | 744–840 AD |
| Western Turkic Khaganate | Navekat, Suyub | Nomadic Empire | 603–742 AD |
| Xueyantuo | Ih Huree | Tribal Confederation | 623–728 AD |
| Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate | Ordo-Baliq,Kemijket | Khaganate | 693-1207 AD |
| Yuan Empire | Khanbaliq | Nomadic empire | 1271–1368 AD |

### Central Asia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Afrighid | Kath | Kingdom/client | 305–995 AD |
| Farighunids | Maymana | Client Kingdom | 9th century–1010 AD |
| Ghaznavids Empire | Ghazni, later Lahore | Empire | 977–1186 AD |
| Ghurid | Various | Sultanate | 879–1215 AD |
| Guzgan | | Principality | 7th–8th century AD |
| Kashgar | Kashgar | Kingdom/Client | 80–850 AD |
| Khotan | Khotan | Kingdom | 56–1006 AD |
| Khwarazmian Empire | Gurgani, Samarkand, Tabriz | Empire | 1077–1231 AD |
| Mihrabanids | Zaranj | Kingdom | 1236–1537 AD |
| Nasrid dynasty | Zaranj | Kingdom | 1029–1225 AD |
| Samanid Empire | Samarkand, later Bukhara | Empire | 819–999 AD |
| Timurid Empire | Samarkand, Herat | Empire | 1370–1507 AD |
| Tokhara Yabghus | Kunduz | Sub-Kingdom | 625–758 AD |
| Principality of Ushrusana | Bunjikat | Principality | 600–892/3 AD |
| Uzbek Khanate | Chimgi-Tura, Sighnaq, Isay | Confederate Khaganate | 1428–1471 AD |
| Zunbils | Ghazni | Nomadic empire | 680–870 AD |

## East Asia
### China

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Dali Kingdom | Dali Town | Chiefdom | 937–1253 AD |
| Dachanghe | Dali | Chiefdom | 902–928 AD |
| Eastern Liao | | Kingdom | 1213-1269 AD |
| Eastern Xia | Kaiyuan | Kingdom | 1215–1233 AD |
| Later Han | Kaifeng | Kingdom | 947–951 |
| Northern Han | Taiyuan | Kingdom | 951–979 |
| Great Jin | Various | Empire | 1115–1254 AD |
| Later Jin | Kaifeng | Kingdom | 936–947 |
| Later Liang | Luoyang, Kaifeng | Kingdom | 907–023 |
| Ma Chu | Changsha | Kingdom | 908–951 |
| Middag | Middag | Kingdom | ?–17th century AD |
| Min | Changle | Kingdom | 909–945 AD |
| Mongol Empire | Avarga, Karakorum, Dadu | Empire | 1206–1368 AD |
| Former Shu | Chengdu | Kingdom | 907–925 |
| Later Shu | Chengdu | Kingdom | 934–965 |
| Chiefdom of Sizhou | Sizhou | Chiefdom | 582–1413 |
| Song Empire | Bianjing, Lin'an | Empire | 960–1279 AD |
| Southern Han | Xingwang Fu | Kingdom | 917–971 |
| Tang Empire | Chang'an, Luoyang | Empire | 618–907 AD |
| Later Tang | Luoyang, Kaifeng | Kingdom | 923–937 |
| Southern Tang | Jinling | Kingdom | 937–976 |
| Western Xia | Xingqing | Kingdom | 1038–1237 AD |
| Wuyue | Qiantang | Kingdom | 907–978 AD |
| Yang Wu | Yangzhou | Kingdom | 907–937 AD |
| Yuan Empire | Khanbaliq | Nomadic Empire | 1271–1368 AD |
| Later Zhou | Kaifeng | Kingdom | 951–960 |

### Japan

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Ashikaga shogunate | Heian-kyō | Military regime | 1336–1573 AD |
| Azuchi–Momoyama | Azuchi, Heian-kyō | Military regime | 1568–1600 AD |
| Chūzan | Urasoe | Kingdom | 1314–1429 AD |
| Hokuzan | Nakijin | Kingdom | 1322–1466 AD |
| Ikkō-ikki | Ishiyama Hongan-ji | Military Confederacy | 1457–1586 AD |
| Japan | | Kingdom | 4th–7th century AD |
| Kamakura shogunate | Kamakura-kyō, Heian-kyō | Military regime | 1192–1333 AD |
| Ryukyu | Shuri | Kingdom | 1429–1879 AD |

### Korea

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Later Baekje | Wansanju | Kingdom | 892–936 |
| Balhae Empire | Dongmo | Empire | 698–926 AD |
| Goryeo | Gaegyeong | Kingdom | 918–1392 AD |
| Jeongan | | Kingdom | 938–986 AD |
| Silla | Gyeongju | Kingdom | 55 BC–935 AD |
| Tamna | | Kingdom | ?–1404 |
| Taebong | Somgak, Cheorwon | Kingdom | 901–918 |
| Usan | | Kingdom | 512–930 AD |

### Tibet

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Guge | Tsaparang | Kingdom | 910–1630 |
| Khasa Kingdom | Sinja Valley | Kingdom | 11th–14th century |
| Maryul | Shey | Kingdom | 930–1842 |
| Phagmodrupa dynasty | Nedong | Kingdom | 1354–1618 AD |
| Rinpungpa | Shigatse | Kingdom | 1435–1565 AD |
| Tibetan Empire | Lhasa, Pho brang | Empire | 618–841 AD |
| Tsangpa | Shigatse | Theocratic | 1565–1642 AD |
| Tsongkha | Tsongkha | Theocracy | 997–1104 |
| Xiliangfu | Liangzhou | Tribal Confederation | 906–1016 |

## Southeast Asia
### Burma

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Kingdom of Ava | Ava | Kingdom | 1365–1555 |
| Hanthawaddy Kingdom | various | Kingdom | 1287–1552 AD |
| Kingdom of Mrauk U | Mrauk U | Kingdom | 1430–1785 AD |
| Myinsaing Kingdom | Myinsaing | Kingdom | 1237–1313 AD |
| Pagan Kingdom | Pagan | Kingdom | 849–1297 AD |
| Pinya Kingdom | Pinya | Kingdom | 1313–1365 AD |
| Prome Kingdom | Nanzan | Kingdom | 1482–1542 AD |
| Pyu | Sri Ksetra | Federated City States | 250 BC–1085 AD |
| Sagaing Kingdom | Sagaing | Kingdom | 1315–1365 AD |
| Shan States | Various | Kingdoms | 1215–1985 |
| Thaton | Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC–1085 AD |
| Toungoo dynasty | Toungoo, Pegu, Ava | Kingdom | 1510–1752 AD |

### Cambodia/Laos/Thailand

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Haripuñjaya | Haripuñjaya | Kingdom | 629–1292 AD |
| Khmer Empire | Angkor | Empire | 802–1431 AD |
| Lan Na | Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai | Kingdom | 1292–1775 AD |
| Lavo | Lavo, Ayodhaya | Kingdom | 450–1388 AD |
| Lan Xang | Luang Prabang, later Vientiane | Kingdom | 1353–1707 AD |
| Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom | Nakhon Si Thammarat | Kingdom | 13th century–1782 AD |
| Phayao Kingdom | Phayao | Kingdom | 1094–1338 AD |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai, Song Khwae | Kingdom | 1238–1438 AD |

### Vietnam

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Đại Việt / Annam | Thăng Long | Kingdom | 938–1400 AD / 1428–1804 AD |
| Đại Ngu | Tây Đô | Kingdom | 1400–1407 AD |
| Ngưu Hống | Murong Moi | Kingdom | 1000–1432 AD |
| Vạn Xuân | Longbian | Kingdom | 544–603 AD |

### Indonesia/Malaysia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Aru Kingdom | Kota Rentang | Kingdom | 1225–1613 |
| Bali Kingdom | Bali | Kingdom | 914–1908 AD |
| Blambangan Kingdom | Banyuwangi | Kingdom | 13th–18th century AD |
| Bruneian Empire | Various | Empire | 7th–19th centuries AD |
| Sultanate of Cirebon | Various | Sultanate | 1447–1679 AD |
| Demak Sultanate | Demak | Sultanate | 1475–1554 AD |
| Galuh Kingdom | Kawali | Kingdom | 669–1482 AD |
| Sultanate of Jailolo | Jailolo | Sultanate | 13th century–1832 AD |
| Janggala | Hujung Galuh | Kingdom | 1045–1135 AD |
| Kahuripan | Kahuripan | Kingdom | 1019–1045 AD |
| Kalingga Kingdom | | Kingdom | 6th–7th century AD |
| Kalinyamat Sultanate | Kalinyamat | Sultanate | 1527–1599 AD |
| Kantoli | Kantoli | Kingdom | ???–471 AD |
| Kedah | Kedah city | Kingdom, later Sultanate | 330–present AD |
| Kediri Kingdom | Dahanapura | Kingdom | 1042–1222 AD |
| Kutai | | Kingdom, later Sultanate | 399–1844 AD |
| Lambri | | Kingdom | 822–1503 AD |
| Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100–1516 AD |
| Kingdom of Maynila | Maynila | Kingdom | 1500–1571 AD |
| Majapahit | Trowulan | Empire | 1293–1527 AD |
| Malacca Sultanate | Malacca | Sultanate | 1400–1528 AD |
| Mataram Kingdom | Various | Kingdom | 716–1016 AD |
| Mataram Sultanate | Kota Gede, Karta, Plered, Kartosuro | Sultanate | 1586–1755 AD |
| Negara Daha | | Kingdom | ? |
| Pahang | Inderapura | Kingdom | 5th century–1454 AD |
| Kingdom of Pajang | Pajang | Kingdom | 1568–1586 AD |
| Pannai | Pannai | Kingdom | 11th century–14th century AD |
| Pan Pan | ? | Kingdom | 300–700 AD |
| Segati Kingdom | Various | Kingdom | ?–16th century AD |
| Samudera Pasai Sultanate | Pasai | Sultanate | 1267–1524 AD |
| Singhasari | Tumapel | Kingdom | 1222–1292 AD |
| Kingdom of Singapura | Singapura | Kingdom | 1299–1398 AD |
| Srivijaya | Palembang | Kingdom | 671–1025 AD |
| Sulu | Various | Sultanate/client | 1405–1915 AD |
| Sunda | Pakuan Pajajaran, Kawali | Kingdom | 669–1579 AD |

### Philippines

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Caboloan | Binalatongan | Kingdom | 1225–1556 AD |
| Cebu | Singhapala | Kingdom | 1400–1565 AD |
| Dapitan Kingdom | Dapitan | Kingdom | 13th century–1595 |
| Kumalarang | | Kingdom | 13th century–1565 |
| Madya-as | | Confederation | 1200–1569 AD |
| Kingdom of Maynila | Maynila | Kingdom | 1500–1571 AD |
| Ma-i | | Kingdom | 971–1339 AD |
| Namayan | Namayan | Kingdom | (before) 1175–1571 AD |
| Tondo Empire | Tondo | City State | 900–1589 AD |

## South Asia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Ahmadnagar Sultanate | various | Sultanate | 1490–1636 |
| Alupa dynasty | Various | Kingdom | 200–1444 |
| Ay | Aykudi | Kingdom | 4th century BC–12th century AD |
| Bhauma-Kara dynasty | Jajpur | Kingdom | 8th–10th century |
| Bahmani | Gulbarga, Bidar | Sultanate | 1347–1527 |
| Baise Rajya | Various | Confederation of Kingdoms | ?–1744 |
| Bengal Sultanate | Pandua, Sonargaon, Gaur | Sultanate | 1352–1576 |
| Berar Sultanate | Ellichpur | Sultanate | 1490–1572 |
| Bidar Sultanate | Bidar | Sultanate | 1492–1619 |
| Bijapur Sultanate | Gulbarga, Bidar | Sultanate | 1490–1686 |
| Bumthang | Chakhar Gutho | Kingdom | 7th–17th centuries |
| Kingdom of Chanda | Bhutamabilika | Kingdom | 807–1751 |
| Chaubisi Rajya | Various | Confederation of principalities | ?–1744 |
| Chavda dynasty | Panchaser | Kingdom | 690–942 |
| Chero dynasty | various | Kingdom | 12th–19th century |
| Chindaka Naga | Barasur | Kingdom | 1023–1324 |
| Chowta dynasty | various | Kingdom | 12th–18th century |
| Cochin | Various | Kingdom | 12th century–1947 |
| Chahamanas of Shakambhari | Shakambhari, Ajayameru | Kingdom | 6th century–1192 |
| Eastern Chalukya | Vengi, Rajamundry | Kingdom | 624–1129 |
| Chudasama dynasty | various | Kingdom | 10th century–1472 |
| Chutia Kingdom | Sadiya | Kingdom | 14th century–1524 |
| Delhi Sultanate | Delhi | Empire | 1206-1526 |
| Deva dynasty | Bikrampur | Kingdom | 12th–13th century |
| Dimasa Kingdom | various | Kingdom | 13th century–1832 |
| Gahadavala dynasty | Banaras and Kannauj | Kingdom | 1089–1197 |
| Gajapati Empire | Cuttack | Empire | 1434-1541 |
| Garha Kingdom | Garha | Kingdom | 15th century–1781 |
| Garhwal | Various | Kingdom | 888–1949 |
| Golconda Sultanate | Golconda, Hyderabad | Sultanate | 1518–1687 |
| Gurjara Pratihara Empire | Kannauj | Empire | 650–1036 |
| Kingdom of Gujarat | Patan, Gujarat | Kingdom | 941–1298 |
| Gujarat Sultanate | Ahmedabad | Sultanate | 1394–1573 |
| Habbari Emirate | Mansura | Emirate | 854–1011 |
| Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom | Rayapura | Kingdom | 14th century–1758 |
| Hoysala Empire | Sosavur, Belur, Halebidu | Empire | 1026–1343 |
| Jaintia Kingdom | Nartiang, Jaintiapur | Kingdom | 500–1835 |
| Jaunpur Sultanate | Jaunpur | Sultanate | 1394–1493 |
| Kakatiya dynasty | Orugallu | Empire | 1163–1323 |
| Kalachuris of Sarayupara | | Kingdom | 800–1080 |
| Kalachuris of Tripuri | Tripuri | Kingdom | 7th century–1212 |
| Kalachuri dynasty | Mahishmati | Kingdom | 550–625 |
| Kalachuris of Kalyani | Kalyani | Kingdom | 1164–1181 |
| Kalachuris of Ratnapura | Ratanpur | Kingdom | 11th century–1758 |
| Kamarupa | Pragjyotishpur, Haruppeswara, Durjaya | Kingdom | 350–1140 |
| Kamata Kingdom | Kamarupanagara | Kingdom | 1257–1587 |
| Kampili kingdom | | Kingdom | 1230–1886 |
| Karnat dynasty | various | Kingdom | 1097–1324 |
| Karkota dynasty | | Kingdom | 625–855 |
| Kashmir Sultanate | Srinagar | Sultanate | 1320–1589 |
| Nayakas of Keladi | Keladi, Ikkeri, Bidanur | Kingdom | 1499–1763 |
| Khandesh Sultanate | | Sultanate | 1382–1601 |
| Khasa Kingdom | Sinja Valley | Empire | 11th–14th century |
| Kolathunadu | Various | Kingdom | 6th century BC – Modern era |
| Kumaon Kingdom | Baijnath, Champawat, Almora | Kingdom | 600–1791 |
| Langah Sultanate | Multan | Sultanate | 1445–1540 |
| Licchavi | | Kingdom | 400–750 |
| Limbuwan | | Various kingdoms | 550–1609 |
| Lohara dynasty | Srinagar | Kingdom | 1003–1320 |
| Malwa Kingdom | Dhar | Kingdom | 947–1304 |
| Malwa Sultanate | Dhar | Sultanate | 1392–1562 |
| Madurai Sultanate | Madurai | Sultanate | 1335–1378 |
| Mallabhum kingdom | Laugram, Bishnupur | Kingdom | 694–1947 |
| Malla dynasty | Various | Kingdoms | 1201–1769 |
| Mana dynasty | Wairagarh | Kingdom | 650–850 |
| Maukhari Empire | Kannauj | Empire | 550–700 |
| Madurai Nayak dynasty | Madurai | Kingdom | 1529–1736 |
| Emirate of Multan | Multan | Emirate | 855–1010 |
| Musunuri Nayakas | Warangal | Kingdom | 1335–1358 |
| Mysore | Mysore, Srirangapatna | Kingdom | 1399–1947 |
| Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh | Leh | Kingdom | 1460–1842 |
| Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur | Various | Chiefdom | 4th century–1952 |
| Odanad | Mavelikkara, Kayamkulam | Sultanate | 11th century–1746 |
| Oiniwar dynasty | Sugauna | Kingdom | 1325–1526 |
| Pala Empire | Various | Empire | 750-1161 |
| Pallava Empire | Kanchi | Empire | 250 BC–800 AD |
| Pamduvamshis | Sirpur | Kingdom | 7th–8th century |
| Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya | Bodh Gaya | Kingdom | 11th–13th century |
| Pratapgarh Kingdom | Patharkandi | Kingdom | 1489–1700s |
| Rashtrakuta dynasty | Manyakheta | Kingdom | 753–982 |
| Reddi Kingdom | Addanki | Kingdom | 1325–1448 |
| Saindhava | Bhutamabilika | Kingdom | 735–920 |
| Sambuvarayar | Rajagambhiram | Kingdom | 1236–1375 |
| Sena Empire | Gauda, Bikrampur, Nabadwip, Lakhnauti, Vijaynagar | Empire | 1070–1230 |
| Seuna dynasty | Devagiri | Kingdom | 1187–1317 |
| Shailodbhava dynasty | | Kingdom | 6th-8th century |
| Shilahara Kingdom | Thane | Kingdom | 8th–13th century |
| Sindh | Aror | Kingdom | 632–712 |
| Somavamshi dynasty | Yayatinagara | Kingdom | 9th–12th century |
| Taraf | Rajpur, later Laskarpur | Kingdom | 1200–1610 |
| Tomara dynasty | Anangpur | Kingdom | 736–1152 |
| Utpala dynasty | Awantipora | Kingdom | 855–1003 |
| Vaghela dynasty | Dhavalakka | Kingdom | 1244–1304 |
| Venad Kingdom | Quilon | Kingdom | 8/9th century–1729 |
| Vijayanagara Empire | Vijayanagara | Empire | 1336–1646 |
| Western Ganga | Kolar, Talakad | Kingdom | 350–1000 |
| Western Chalukya Empire | Manyakheta | Empire | 975–1184 |
| Yajvapala dynasty | | Kingdom | 13th century |
| Zamorin | Calicut | Kingdom | 1124–1806 |

### Sri Lanka

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Anuradhapura | Anuradhapura | Kingdom | 377 BC–1017 AD |
| Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Dambadeniya | Kingdom | 1220–1345 AD |
| Kingdom of Gampola | Gampola | Kingdom | 1341–1408 AD |
| Jaffna kingdom | Nallur | Kingdom | 1215–1619 AD |
| Kingdom of Kandy | Kandy | Kingdom | 1469–1815 AD |
| Kingdom of Kotte | Kotte | Kingdom | 1412–1597 AD |
| Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | Vijayarajapura | Kingdom | 1055–1232 AD |
| Kingdom of Sitawaka | Sitawaka | Kingdom | 1521–1594 AD |
| Vanni chieftaincies | | Chiefdom | 13th century–1782 AD |

## Sub-Saharan Africa
### Horn Africa

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Adal | Zeila, Dakkar, Harrar | Sultanate | 1415–1559 AD |
| Ajuran Empire | Mareeg, Qelafo, Mecca | Empire | 13th–17th centuries AD |
| Aksumite Empire | | Empire | 100–960 AD |
| Sultanate of Arababni | | Sultanate | 12th century–1840 AD |
| Sultanate of Bale | | Sultanate | 13th century–1320s AD |
| Dankali Sultanate | Dankali | Sultanate | 13th–18th century AD |
| Sultanate of Dahlak | Dahlak | Sultanate | 960–1557 AD |
| Kingdom of Damot | Maldarede | Kingdom | 960–1317 AD |
| Dawaro | | Principality | 960s–17th century AD |
| Ennarea | Yadare, Gowi | Kingdom | 14th century–1710 AD |
| Ethiopian Empire | Addis Ababa | Empire | 1137–1975 AD |
| Fatagar | | State | 9th–15th century |
| Gidaya | | Islamic State | 9th–15th century |
| Hargaya | | Islamic State | 9th–15th century |
| Harla Kingdom | Hubat | Kingdom | 501–1500 AD |
| Sultanate of Ifat | Wafat, Ziela | Sultanate | 1275–1403 AD |
| Makhzumi dynasty | Walale | Sultanate | 896–1286 AD |
| Medri Bahri | Debarwa | Kingdom | 1137-1879 AD |
| Sultanate of Mogadishu | Mogadishu | Sultanate | 10th–16th century AD |
| Moro | | Islamic State | 9th–15th century |
| Kingdom of Simien | | Kingdom | 350–1625 AD |
| Tunni Sultanate | Baraea | Sultanate | 9th century–13th century AD |
| Zagwe dynasty | Lalibela | Kingdom | 960–1270 AD |

### Sudan

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Al-Abwab | | Kingdom | 13th century–15th/16th century AD |
| Alodia | Soba | Empire | 680–1504 AD |
| Beja kingdoms | | Tribal Kingdoms | 7th–16th century |
| Blemmyes | | Tribal Kingdom | 600 BC–8th century AD |
| Daju kingdom | Daju | Kingdom | 12th century–15th century AD |
| Kingdom of Fazughli | | Kingdom | 1500–1685 AD |
| Makuria | Dongola | Kingdom | 340–1312 AD |
| Nobatia | Pachoras | Kingdom | 350–650 AD |
| Shilluk | Fashoda | Kingdom | 1490–1865 AD |
| Tunjur kingdom | Uri | Kingdom | 1400s–1650s AD |

### Sahel/West Africa

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Sultanate of Agadez | Agadez | Sultanate | 1404–1906 AD |
| Kingdom of Ardra | Alladh | Kingdom | 12th/13th century–1724 AD |
| Benin Empire | Benin City | Empire | 1440–1897 AD |
| Bornu Empire | Ngazargamu | Empire | 1380–1893 AD |
| Denkyira | Dunkwa-on-Offin | Kingdom | 1500–1701 AD |
| Gao | Gao | Empire | 9th century–1430 AD |
| Ghana Empire | Koumbi Saleh | Empire | 400–1235 AD |
| Great Fulo | Anyam-Godo | Empire | 1490–1776 AD |
| Guinala | Bruco | Kingdom | 14th–19th century |
| Gyaaman | Sampa | State | 1450-1895 |
| Hausa Kingdoms | Various | City-state kingdoms | 9th century–1808 AD |
| Ife Empire | Ile-Ifẹ | Empire | 1200–1410 AD |
| Isedo | Isedo | Kingdom | 1300–17th century |
| Jolof | Linguere | Empire | 1350–1549 AD |
| Igodomigodo | Ubinu | Kingdom | 40 BC –1100 AD |
| Kaabu | Kansala | Empire | 1537–1867 AD |
| Kanem Empire | Njimi | Empire | 700–1387 AD |
| Mali | Niani, Kangaba | Empire | 1230–1670 AD |
| Nri | Igbo-Ukwu | Kingdom | 948–1911 AD |
| Oron Nation | Oron | Kingdom | 1200-1908 AD |
| Oyo Empire | Oyo-Ile | Kingdom | 1400–1905 AD |
| Songhai Empire | Gao | Empire | 1464–1591 AD |
| Sosso Empire | Sosso | Empire | 1076–1235 AD |
| Takedda | Takedda | Kingdom | 1200–1600 |
| Takrur | Tumbere Jiinge, Taaga, Hoorewendu | Kingdom | 500s–1456 |

### Bantu States

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Angoche | Angoche, Moma | Kingdom | 1485–1910 AD |
| Ankole | Mbarara | Kingdom | 1478-1967 AD |
| Kingdom of Butua | Khami | Kingdom | 1450–1683 AD |
| Kasanze Kingdom | | Kingdom | 1500–1648 AD |
| Kilwa Sultanate | Kilwa | Sultanate | 957–1513 AD |
| Kongo | São Salvador | Kingdom/client | 1390–1914 AD |
| Kongo dia Nlaza | | Confederation of kingdoms | 14th–15th century |
| Mapungubwe | Not specified | Kingdom | 1075–1220 AD |
| Mutapa | Zvongombe | Kingdom | 1430–1760 AD |
| Swahili city-states | | City-states | 9th–18th century |
| Kingdom of Zimbabwe | Great Zimbabwe | Kingdom | 1220–1450 AD |

## Americas

These are prehistoric states, listed either based on archaeological evidence or based on their existence at the time of European contact.
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Chiefdom of Ameca | Ameca | Chiefdom | 1325–1522 AD |
| Aymara kingdoms | Various | Kingdoms | 1151–1477 AD |
| Azcapotzalco | Azcapotzalco | Kingdom | 995–1428 AD |
| Aztec Empire | Tenochtitlan | Empire | 1428–1521 AD |
| Cañari | Tumebamba | Tribal Confederacy | 500–1533 AD |
| Chachapoya | | Tribal Confederacy | 800–1470 AD |
| Chalco | various | Kingdom | 13th century – 1521 |
| Chimor | Chan Chan | Kingdom | 900–1470 AD |
| Cocollán | Cocollan | Chiefdom | 1100–1521 AD |
| Chincha Kingdom | | Kingdom | 900–1450 AD |
| Colhuacan | Colhuacan | City-state | 717–1521 AD |
| Kingdom of Cusco | Cusco | Kingdom | 1200–1438 AD |
| Ichma Kingdom | Pachacamac | Kingdom | 1100–1469 AD |
| Inca Empire | Cusco | Empire | 1438–1533/72 AD |
| Iroquois | Onondaga | Tribal Confederacy | 1450–1660 AD |
| Maya | Various | Kingdom City States | 2000 BC–900AD |
| Mississippian culture | | various | 800–1600 AD |
| Moche | Moche-Trujillo. | United Independent Polities | 100–800 AD |
| Nazca | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 100 BC–800 AD |
| Tsenacommacah | Werowocomoco | Tribal Confederacy | 16th century–1677 AD |
| Pueblo | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 12th century BC–14th century AD |
| Purépecha Empire | Tzintzuntzan | Empire | 1300–1530 AD |
| Quilmes | Quilmes | Chiefdom | 850–1500 AD |
| Teotihuacan Empire | Teotihuacan | Empire | 100 BC–8th century AD |
| Tiwanakun Empire | Tiwanaku | Empire | 300–1000 AD |
| Tlatelolco | Tiwanaku | Empire | 1337–1473 AD |
| Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala | Confederacy | 1348–1520 AD |
| Toltec Empire | Tula | Empire | 674–1122 AD |
| Veracruz | El Tajín | city-states | 1200–1438 AD |
| Xochimilco | Xochimilco | Kingdom | 900–1521 AD |
| Wari Empire | Huari | Empire | 500–1100 AD |
| Zapotec | | Kingdom City States | 700 BC–1521 AD |
| Muisca Confederation | Hunza and Bacatá | Tribal Confederacy | ~1450–1540 AD |
| Tairona | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 2nd century BC-16th century AD |