OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob's Ladder, Brisbane

Jacob's Ladder is a landmark in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is a long pedestrian staircase that extends from Edward and Turbot Streets up to Wickham Terrace. The name is a reference to the Biblical stairway ascending to Heaven. Jacob's Ladder has 86 steps.

## Geography

Jacob's Ladder is within King Edward Park and provides the shortest but steepest pedestrian access from the Brisbane central business district to Spring Hill on the escarpment above. It is on the boundary of the park separating it from an office tower on the north-east, formerly the site of the Brisbane Trades Hall (1891–1984).

## History

In 1895, Alderman James Hipwood made reference to:
    That concrete water-tables and asphalt footpaths be laid on foot-path through reserve, leading from Wickham terrace to Turbot street;
This reserve owned by the State Government was one of several parcels of parkland including the Observatory reserve, and municipally-owned Wickham Park.
It is unclear when Jacob's Ladder was recognised by that name, but there are references to its existence by that name from as early as 1897. This may have been about the same time as Turbot Street was extended from Albert Street east to Edward Street, as well as the relatively new Central railway station. The adjoining park reserve was known for its amorous couples by 1904. Poinsettias were to be planted alongside the steps in 1914 so the steps would 'be made bright'.
An unsuccessful attempt was made between 1918 and 1920, led by the Minister for Lands Harry Coyne but opposed by the municipal council, to resume the land so it may be added to the adjoining Trades Hall site. April 1922 saw representations to fully restore access to the steps following the trades hall construction.
In 1920, the concrete steps were built, with earlier photographs showing a steep pathway without steps. As part of demonstrating reliability captured by photograph by a newspaper, the steep stairs were driven the length by a Whippet motor car in March 1928. The 1930 request for a hill-climb test for a truck was rejected by the municipal council. An unattended car, from a Wickham Terrace surgery, careered down the stairs and down Edward Street towards Adelaide Street, resulting in the injury to one pedestrian.
In 1936, municipal parkland resumption was being considered between Albert and Edward Streets along Turbot Street, as far as Jacob's Ladder, for a new dental hospital, public library, and art gallery.
# Dickman

Dickman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emerson Dickman (1914–1981), relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Boston Red Sox
* Franklin J. Dickman (1828–1908), Republican politician in the U.S. State of Ohio, Ohio Supreme Court Judge 1886–1895
* James B. Dickman born in 1949, an American photographer, won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for feature photography
* Jill Dickman, Republican member of the Nevada Assembly
* John Dickman (1864–1910), Englishman hanged for murder
* Jonjo Dickman (born 1981), English football midfielder
* Joseph T. Dickman (1857–1927), United States Army general
* Matthew Dickman (born 1975), American poet
* Michael Dickman (born 1975), American poet
# Adamsite

Adamsite or DM is an organic compound; technically, an arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine, that can be used as a riot control agent. DM belongs to the group of chemical warfare agents known as vomiting agents or sneeze gases. First synthesized in Germany by Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1915, it was independently developed by the US chemist Roger Adams (for whom it is named) at the University of Illinois in 1918.

## Composition

DM is an odourless crystalline compound with a very low vapour pressure. The colour of the crystals ranges from bright yellow to dark green depending on the purity. It is readily soluble in some organic solvents (e.g., acetone, dichloromethane), but nearly insoluble in water. In vaporous form it appears as a canary yellow smoke.

## Effects

Adamsite is usually dispersed as an aerosol, making the upper respiratory tract the primary site of action. Although the effects are similar to those caused by typical riot control agents (e.g. CS), they are slower in onset but longer in duration, often lasting for 12 or more hours. After a latency period of 5–10 minutes irritation of the eyes, lungs and mucous membranes develops followed by headache, nausea and persistent vomiting.

## Usage

DM was produced and stockpiled by the British and the United States at the end of World War I. It was used by the British during the incursions at Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. It is now regarded as obsolete and has been widely replaced by riot control agents such as CS which are less toxic and more rapid in the onset of symptoms. Early battlefield use was intended to be via "adamsite candles". These were large metal cans or tubes (weighing approximately 5 pounds [2.3 kg]) which contained a smoke composition made of adamsite plus a slow burning pyrotechnic composition. A series of candles were lit and the adamsite-laden smoke allowed to drift towards the enemy.
In the United States, it was used against the Bonus Army who demonstrated in Washington, D.C., in 1932, reportedly causing the death and serious injury of several children who had accompanied their parents on the protests. It was again used in the Vietnam War.
In 2003, North Korea was reportedly producing adamsite at its Aoji-ri Chemical Complex in Haksong-ri, Kyŏnghŭng county for stockpiling. DM was allegedly used by Venezuelan authorities in the 2014–17 Venezuelan protests and described as "green gas" with reports of protesters vomiting following exposure and regional human rights groups condemning the usage of "green gas", stating that its usage is "internationally banned".
# Harbert Management Corporation

Harbert Management Corporation, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a United States investment management company founded in 1993 by Raymond J. Harbert.

## Overview

The company has investment funds in ten alternative asset classes in three areas of concentration: real assets, private capital, and absolute return strategies. The company was previously the majority owner of Harbinger Capital. HMC provided the original funding for Harbinger and its funds. The company also owns Harbert Realty Services.
HMC has offices in Birmingham, Atlanta, Dallas, Nashville, New York, Richmond, San Francisco, London, Luxembourg, Paris, and Madrid.
In 1998, the company established the HERO Foundation, which provides direct financial assistance to help people who have been affected by natural disasters, medical conditions or temporary financial hardships to regain their independence and self-sufficiency.
# Highland shiner

The highland shiner (Notropis micropteryx) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is endemic to the United States where it is found in tributaries of the Green, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers in southern Kentucky, northern Alabama, Virginia, and western North Carolina.
# Sahar Nowrouzzadeh

Sahar Nowrouzzadeh is an American civil servant. She worked for the U.S. Department of State since 2005, particularly on issues relating to Iran–United States relations, including negotiation and implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.

## Early life

Nowrouzzadeh was born in 1982 in Trumbull, Connecticut, to parents who had immigrated from Iran. At the time of her birth, her father was conducting a medical residency at Bridgeport Hospital to become an OB-GYN. As a child, she was not very interested in politics. However, following the September 11 attacks, her interest in Middle Eastern affairs grew. She studied at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, followed by the University of Maryland-College Park. She became fluent in Persian and Arabic, as well as Spanish.

## Career

Nowrouzzadeh began her career as a civil servant at the State Department in 2005. She was Director for Iran at the National Security Council from 2014 to 2016. She was considered instrumental in the negotiation and implementation of the Iran Nuclear Deal. She is the recipient the State Department Superior Honor Award, a National Intelligence Meritorious Unit Citation and the Secretary of Defense Medal for the Global War on Terrorism.
Nowrouzzadeh gained national media attention in 2017 when she was demoted during the administration of President Donald Trump. In 2019, a State Department Inspector General investigation confirmed that Nowrouzzadeh's demotion was due to her perceived personal political views and heritage. Nowrouzzadeh had previously been the subject of an article in the Conservative Review, a right-wing website that falsely claimed she was born in Iran, and made other false and disparaging comments about her. The article was passed around the State Department. Nowrouzzadeh reported the issue to her supervisor, Brian Hook, but he failed to adequately respond and was found to be among the Trump administration officials who decided to abruptly reassign her.
While on sabbatical from the State Department, Nowrouzzadeh was a research fellow on Iran at the Harvard Kennedy School from 2017 to 2023.
# Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR

"Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" (stylized as "VOY A LLeVARTE PA PR"; transl. "I'm Going to Take You to PR") is a song by Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny. It was released on January 5, 2025, with his sixth solo studio album Debí Tirar Más Fotos.

## Background and release

On January 3, 2025, when the singer revealed the track listing for his new album, Debí Tirar Más Fotos, the song was revealed as the second track.

## Music and lyrics

Musically, "Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" is a reggaeton song. Lyrically, "Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" emerges as a celebration of Puerto Rico's roots and wild nightlife. In addition, in the song, he also mentions the Spanish singer Rosalía.

## Visualizer

The audio visualizer was released along with the other songs and their respective visualizers upon the album's release on January 5, 2025. The visualizer for "Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" narrates the war after the war (1898-1899).

## Charts

Chart performance for "Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" :
| Chart (2025) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Argentina Hot 100) | 9 |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | 8 |
| Bolivia (Billboard) | 4 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 61 |
| Chile (Billboard) | 2 |
| Chile (Monitor Latino) | 14 |
| Colombia (Billboard) | 3 |
| Costa Rica (Monitor Latino) | 18 |
| Costa Rica (FONOTICA) | 6 |
| Ecuador (Billboard) | 4 |
| France (SNEP) | 36 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 8 |
| Greece (IFPI) | 15 |
| Honduras (Monitor Latino) | 12 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 22 |
| Latin America (Monitor Latino) | 9 |
| Luxembourg (Billboard) | 11 |
| Mexico (Billboard) | 13 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 20 |
| Peru (Billboard) | 4 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 8 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 4 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 68 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 17 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| Uruguay (CUD) | 6 |

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Voy a Llevarte Pa' PR" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 2× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Boeuf Creek

Boeuf Creek is a stream in Franklin and Gasconade counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Boeuf Creek is a tributary to the Missouri River. Alternate names include Buffalo Creek, Beef Creek, Boeuse Creek, Riviere au Boeuf and variations.
The stream headwaters are in Gasconade County at and the confluence with the Missouri is in Franklin County at .
Boeuf Creek was named for the buffalo cows in the area, "boeuf" being a word derived from the French meaning "cattle".
# Ferenc Kubinyi

Ferenc Kubinyi (March 21, 1796 – March 28, 1874) was a Hungarian noble, notary, paleontologist, geologist and politician. He was involved in the growth and establishment of the Hungarian Geological Society and, along with his brother Agoston Kubinyi, of the Hungarian National Museum. The museum at the castle of Szécsény is named after him as the Kubinyi Ferenc Museum.
Kubinyi was born in Videfalva, the son of András Kubínyi de Felsőkubin and Éva Amália Prónay de Tótpróna et Blatnicza. He was the brother of Ágoston Kubinyi and from an early age the brothers began to take an interest in natural history and collecting. Their teachers in Banská Bystrica included Christian Andreas Zipser and János Salamon Petényi who created an interest in natural history. He then studied law at Debrecen and Pest. He became a notary in 1821 and later became a judge in Nógrád county. He attended parliament from 1825 as an ambassador and joined the liberal opposition in the 1840s, representing Losonc district in 1848. His support for a revolution led to a nine-year prison sentence but he was pardoned in 1852. From 1861 he was a parliament member for Losonc. He founded and organized the Hungarian physicians and naturalists meetings and took an interest in scientific research. In 1848 he was involved in the establishment of the Hungarian Geological Society. He was elected to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1858. In 1862 he visited Constantinople. He excavated a petrified tree in Ipolytarnóc about which he wrote in 1842. The tree named as Petrefactum giganteum Humboldtii (now considered a Pinuxylon) and locally known as "gyurtyánkő lóczá" was being used as a bridge over a stream. He also collected fossils. He donated to the establishment of the Hungarian National Museum which his brother Agoston headed. A collection of eggs and minerals that he and his brother had built up at Masaryk Street was destroyed. He also supported the Losonc city library after the city was destroyed in a fire.
# Viktor Yerin

Viktor Fyodorovich Yerin (Russian: Виктор Фёдорович Ерин; 17 January 1944 – 19 March 2018) was a Russian politician and General of the Army who served as the country's first post-Soviet Minister of Internal Affairs (1992—1995). Hero of the Russian Federation (1993).

## Biography

Viktor Yerin began his career in Soviet security forces (police). Working in Tatarstan police, he participated in investigating especially dangerous criminal bands. Since 1991 Yerin served as the first deputy minister of interior of the RSFSR. In January 1992, he became Russia's interior minister. In November 1992, he led an operative staff for re-establishing constitutional order in the Ossetian-Ingush conflict region. From December 1994 to January 1995 he was in charge of the activities of the Internal Troops of Russia in Chechnya. On 30 June 1995, after the failed operation to free hostages taken by Chechen terrorists in Budyonnovsk, Yerin had to resign (as did the then-FSB director Stepashin). On 5 July 1995, Yerin was assigned the position of deputy director of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service.
In 1993, Viktor Yerin was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation for his part in quelling the anti-Yeltsin rebellion in October 1993.

## Awards

* Order of the Red Star
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin"
* Medal "For Labour Valour"
* Medal "Veteran of Labour"
* Medal Defender of a Free Russia
# 144

144 may refer to:
* 144 (number), the natural number following 143 and preceding 145
* AD 144, a year of the Julian calendar, in the second century AD
* 144 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar
* 144 (film), a 2015 Indian comedy
* 144 (video game), working title of The Path, a psychological horror art game
* 144 (New Jersey bus), a bus route in New Jersey, USA
* Volvo 144, the main 4-door sedan model of the Volvo 140 Series
* Worcestershire bus route 144
* 144 Vibilia, a main-belt asteroid
# Georg Wilhelm von Wedekind

Georg Wilhelm von Wedekind (28 July 1796 – 22 January 1856) was a German forester and writer. He published several work on the history of forestry and on forest management. He emphasized forestry as a component in the "economy of nature".

## Life and work

Von Wedekind was born in Strasbourg in a well-established family from Hanover. His father Georg Christian was a French military physician to the elector of Mainz but had moved to Strasbourg when it was taken by the Prussians. He moved back to Mainz in 1805 and in 1808 became a physician to Grand Duke Ludwig I at Darmstadt. The son went to school in Darmstadt and studied under Georg Bekker and Wilhelm Jakob Heyer. In 1812 he went to the University of Göttingen and in 1813 to Forstakademie Dreißigacker under Johann Matthäus Bechstein but during 1813-14 he became a Hessian Jagerkorps volunteer. He continued studies in 1815 and made study trips into the Weser and Harz mountains. He also traveled in the Styrian Alps. In 1816 he was posted as a forest master and in 1825 he became an Oberforstrat and was involved in teaching at the Darmstadt Oberforstkolleg. He retired in 1852 and settled in his Hiltersklingen estate in the Odenwald. He was a member of numerous learned societies.
He edited the journal Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung from 1847 to 1855. In his writings he sought the protection of grand old trees. He also wrote on bird protection in the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
# Maurice Del Mue

Maurice Del Mue (1875 – January 24, 1955) was a French-born American illustrator, poster artist, and painter. He worked for the San Francisco Chronicle and Foster & Kleiser, and he had a studio in Forest Knolls, Marin County, California.

## Life

Del Mue was born in 1875 in Paris, France, and he emigrated to the United States at age 7. He was trained at the San Francisco Art Association and the École des Beaux-Arts.
Del Mue began his career as an illustrator for the San Francisco Chronicle in the 1920s. He designed posters for Foster & Kleiser until 1941, when he established his studio in Forest Knolls, Marin County and he joined the Society of Marin Artists. He painted murals at Tamalpais High School, the College of Marin, and the officers' lounge of the Hamilton Army Airfield.
Del Mue died on January 24, 1955, in Forest Knolls, at age 79. One of his paintings is at the Worcester Art Museum.
# Rozz meʾammar

Rozz meʾammar (Egyptian Arabic: أرز معمر) is an Egyptian baked rice dish that combines rice with dairy products such as milk, butter, and eshta, resulting in a rich and creamy casserole. This dish is often prepared for special occasions and family gatherings due to its indulgent nature.

## Preparation

To prepare rozz meʾammar, short-grain rice is thoroughly washed and soaked to remove excess starch. The rice is then combined with milk, butter, and sometimes eshta in a baking dish, normally in a traditional clay pot known as a "beram". Salt and pepper are added for seasoning. The mixture is baked in the oven until the rice absorbs the liquids and develops a golden-brown crust on top. Some variations of the dish include adding chicken or meat to make it a more substantial meal.
Another version involves heating milk with spices such as cardamom and mastic to infuse it with additional flavors before combining it with the rice. The seasoned milk is then poured over the rice in a buttered baking dish, and the mixture is baked until the rice is tender and the top is bubbly and browned.
# Kedar Hazra

Kedar Hazra (born 1961) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He is a three time MLA from Jamua Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Giridih district. He won the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party. He lost the 2024 Assembly election contesting on JMM ticket.

## Early life and education

Hazra is from Jamua, Giridih district, Jharkhand. His father Damar Hazra, is a farmer. He completed his graduation at Giridih College, which is affiliated with Ranchi University. But he is a farmer.

## Career

Hazra won from Jamua Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 58, 468 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Manju Kumari of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 18,175 votes. He first became an MLA winning the first legislative election after the formation of the new state. In the 2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election, he defeated Chandrika Mahtha of JMM, by a margin of 5,134 votes. He lost the next election in 2009, but regained the seat in 2014 Assembly election and won for the third time in 2019.
# Ryan Trotman

Ryan Lara Trotman (born 27 June 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward. Born in the Netherlands, he represents Barbados internationally.

## Early life

Trotman was born in Enschede, Netherlands, as the son of the Barbadian cricketer Emmerson Trotman and a Dutch mother.

## Club career

Born in Enschede, Trotman started his career at Jong FC Twente, making his debut for the club on 6 May 2018 in a 1–1 Eredivisie draw at home to NAC Breda. In July 2019, Trotman signed for FC Den Bosch on a three-year contract.
On 25 January 2022 he signed with Lithuanian FK Kauno Žalgiris.

## International career

Born in the Netherlands, Trotman was called up to the Barbados national football team for the first time in March 2021, being eligible to represent Barbados through his father. He made his debut on 25 March 2021 in a 1–0 World Cup qualification defeat against Panama.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 5 October 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong FC Twente | 2017–18 | Derde Divisie Saturday | 7 | 2 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| FC Twente | 2017–18 | Eredivisie | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| FC Den Bosch | 2019–20 | Eerste Divisie | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
| FC Den Bosch | 2020–21 | Eerste Divisie | 19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 4 |
| FC Den Bosch | 2021–22 | Eerste Divisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FC Den Bosch | Total | Total | 29 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 5 |
| FK Kauno Žalgiris | 2022 | A Lyga | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| FK Kauno Žalgiris | 2023 | A Lyga | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| FK Kauno Žalgiris | Total | Total | 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| Glacis United | 2023–24 | Gibraltar Football League | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 51 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 54 | 10 |

### International

    As of match played 16 October 2023
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Barbados | 2021 | 3 | 0 |
| Barbados | 2023 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 0 |