OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SkyLink Express

SkyLink Express is a cargo airline headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It operates dedicated air cargo / courier feeder flights throughout Canada and the United States and provides on demand air cargo charters from its bases in Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Montréal-Mirabel.

## History

The airline was established in February 1994 as QuikAire Cargo Inc. by Dan Rocheleau, founder and president of the airline, started the airline using the Cessna 208 Caravan to meet a specialized demand in the Canadian short-haul air cargo market and several 208B Grand Caravans are in use by the airline today.
In April 1996, QuikAire Cargo Inc. formed a partnership with SkyLink Group of Companies and rebranded itself as SkyLink Express Inc. The new relationship fostered the next stage of growth for the airline as it acquired courier feeder contracts across Canada. In 1996, SkyLink Express also became the first carrier in Canada to operate Raytheon factory-converted, all-cargo, Beechcraft 1900 aircraft. Today, the airline operates the largest Beechcraft 1900C fleet in Canada and second largest in North America.
In July 2009, SkyLink Express entered into a partnership with Cargojet to combine SkyLink Express operational assets and routes with a Cargojet subsidiary, Prince Edward Air, to consolidate regional air cargo operations into Cargojet Regional Partnership.
In July 2010, SkyLink Express purchased 100% of Cargojet Regional Partnership from Cargojet.
In 2013, SkyLink Express expanded into Western Canada as new flight crew / maintenance bases were launched in Vancouver (August 2013) and Winnipeg (September 2013).
Past and present courier/cargo feeder operations include United Parcel Service (UPS), FedEx, DHL Express, Altimax, Canada Post, Cargojet, Dynamex, Midland Courier, Purolator Inc. and Sameday Worldwide.
In March 2024, Skylink Express filed under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and is restructuring their businesses and financial affairs.

## Facilities

SkyLink Express maintains facilities in the following Canadian cities (as of November 2024):
* Hamilton
* Mirabel
* Montreal
* Toronto
* Vancouver
* Winnipeg

## Fleet

The SkyLink Express fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of November 2024):
SkyLink Express fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Variants | Notes |
| Beechcraft 1900 | 12 | 10 - 1900C, 2 - 1900D | Payload 5,500 lb (2,500 kg), the 1900D is not listed by SkyLink Express |
| Cessna 208 Caravan | n/a | 208B Grand Caravan | Payload 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg), listed as Cessna Grand Caravan / Super Cargomaster 208B Freighter by SkyLink Express but not registered with Transport Canada |
| Total | 12 | | |
# 2025 Epson Tour

The 2025 Epson Tour is a series of professional women's golf tournaments held from March through October 2025 in the United States. The Epson Tour is the second-tier women's professional golf tour in the United States and is the "official developmental tour" of the LPGA Tour. It was most recently known as the Symetra Tour.

## Changes for 2025

The number of tournaments was increased from 19 to 20 while total prize money remained at $5 million. Inaugural events are the Reliance Matrix Championship, Great Lakes Championship and Greater Toledo Classic, while the Casino Del Sol Golf Classic and Tuscaloosa Toyota Classic were removed from the schedule. Florida's Natural Charity Classic was renamed Central Florida Championship and Twin Bridges Championship in New York was renamed Casella Golf Championship.

## Schedule and results

The number in parentheses after winners' names show the player's total number of official money, individual event wins on the Epson Tour including that event.
| Date | Tournament | Location | Winner | WWGR points | Purse ($) |
| Mar 2 | Central Florida Championship | Florida | Riley Smyth (1) | 5 | 250,000 |
| Mar 8 | Atlantic Beach Classic | Florida | Laetitia Beck (1) | 5 | 250,000 |
| Mar 16 | IOA Golf Classic | Florida | Gina Kim (2) | 5 | 225,000 |
| Apr 27 | IOA Championship | California | | | 225,000 |
| May 4 | Reliance Matrix Championship | Nevada | | | 250,000 |
| May 11 | Carlisle Arizona Women's Golf Classic | Arizona | | | 400,000 |
| May 17 | Copper Rock Championship | Utah | | | 250,000 |
| Jun 8 | FireKeepers Casino Hotel Championship | Michigan | | | 225,000 |
| Jun 15 | Great Lakes Championship | Michigan | | | 250,000 |
| Jun 22 | Island Resort Championship | Michigan | | | 225,000 |
| Jun 29 | Otter Creek Championship | Indiana | | | 250,000 |
| Jul 13 | Hartford HealthCare Women's Championship | Connecticut | | | 225,000 |
| Jul 20 | Casella Golf Championship | New York | | | 200,000 |
| Jul 27 | Greater Toledo Classic | Ohio | | | 300,000 |
| Aug 3 | Four Winds Invitational | Indiana | | | 225,000 |
| Aug 17 | Wildhorse Ladies Golf Classic | Oregon | | | 250,000 |
| Aug 24 | Dream First Bank Charity Classic | Kansas | | | 200,000 |
| Sep 14 | Guardian Championship | Alabama | | | 250,000 |
| Sep 21 | Murphy USA El Dorado Shootout | Arkansas | | | 300,000 |
| Oct 5 | Epson Tour Championship | California | | | 250,000 |
Source:
# Vel

Vel (Tamil: வேல், lit. 'Vēl') is a divine spear associated with Murugan, the Tamil Hindu god of war.

## Significance

According to Shaiva tradition, the goddess Parvati presented the Vel to her son Kartikeya(also known as Murugan), as an embodiment of her shakti, in order to vanquish the asura Surapadman. According to the Skanda Purana, in the war between Kartikeya and Surapadman, Kartikeya used the vel to defeat all the forces of Surapadman. When a complete defeat for Surapadman was imminent, the asura transformed himself into a huge mango tree to evade detection by Murugan. Not fooled by asura's trick, Murugan hurled his vel and split the mango tree into two halves, one becoming a rooster (Tamil: சேவல், lit. 'Cēval'), and the other a peacock (Tamil: மயில், lit. 'Mayil'). Henceforth, the peacock became his vahana or mount, and the rooster became the emblem on his battle flag.
Vel, as a symbol of divinity, is an object of worship in the temples dedicated to Kartikeya. The annual Thaipusam festival celebrates the occasion when Kartikeya received the divine vel from his mother. During this festival, some of the devotees pierce their skin, tongue or cheeks with vel skewers while they undertake a procession towards the Kartikeya temple.
Adi-vel is a major festival observed in Sri Lanka by Tamil Hindus in the July/August, known as Adi. The festival takes place in cities such as Katharagama and Colombo.
The alternative interpretation of vel is that it is a symbol of wisdom/knowledge. It symbolically shows that wisdom/knowledge should be sharp as in the vel's tip, as broad and tall as the javelin. Only such wisdom is supposed to be able to destroy the darkness of ignorance.

## Gallery

* Stone vel from the Sangam period, Saluvankuppam, Tamil Nadu
* Vel, used to worship in the temple
* Statue of Murugan with Vel
* Coin of the Yaudheyas 200 BC, depicting Murugan with the Vel.
# When the Smoke Clears

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| aNewRisingMusic | |
When the Smoke Clears is the fifth studio album by American rock band Hinder. The album was released on May 12, 2015 by their new label The End Records and is their first album to feature lead vocalist Marshal Dutton.

## Production

After news broke that Austin Winkler left the band in November 2013 Hinder was extremely inactive on social media and their website. The group stayed silent until July 8, 2014 when they posted a video on Facebook apologizing for their inactivity and announced that they had been writing songs for a new album while they searched for a new lead singer. The band played a string of shows throughout the late summer of 2014 with Nolan Neal as vocalist. The first single off the then-untitled fifth album, titled "Hit The Ground," was released on November 24, 2014. On January 20, 2015 Hinder officially announced that Marshal Dutton, who had written and produced music with Hinder since 2009, was their new vocalist. The other members of Hinder said that Nolan Neal's voice was "too country" for the band's rock image. After the addition of Dutton, the band released a rerecorded version of "Hit The Ground" with Dutton on vocals.

## Release

Hinder held an online competition on their social media sites for their fans to help name the new album. On December 9, 2014 the band announced that When the Smoke Clears had been chosen as the album's title, which would be released in the spring of 2015. To help promote the album the band started a Pledge Music campaign.
On March 17, 2015 the band released the song "Rather Hate Than Hurt" via Loudwire, making it the second song to be released from the band since Winkler's departure. The band also revealed the release date of the album to be May 12, 2015.
"Intoxicated" was released on May 3, 2015 to radio mainstream rock stations as a third single.
"Letting Go" was released on December 7, 2015 as the band's fourth single.

## Personnel

* Marshal Dutton – lead vocals, guitar, producer, songwriter
* Cody Hanson – drums, producer, backing vocals, songwriter
* Joe "Blower" Garvey – lead guitar, backing vocals, songwriter
* Mark King – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, songwriter
* Mike Rodden – bass guitar, backing vocals, songwriter

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 75 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
# Pseudo-Chinese

Pseudo-Chinese (Japanese: 偽中国語, Hepburn: nise chūgokugo, pinyin: wěi Zhōngguóyǔ) is a form of Japanese Internet slang which first appeared around 2009.

## Features

Pseudo-Chinese involves taking sentences which are grammatically Japanese and stripping away the hiragana and katakana, leaving only the kanji behind. This causes the resultant sentence to appear Chinese.
The phenomenon has received attention in China, where Chinese speakers can often guess the meaning of the sentences despite not knowing Japanese. Taiwan's Central News Agency has hailed pseudo-Chinese as a new platform for Sino-Japanese communication.
This style of writing can lead to idiosyncratic word choices. For example, 非常感謝 (much appreciated) may be rendered as 大変感謝; while 感謝 (gratitude) is common to both languages, 非常 is used as an intensifier in Chinese whereas 大変 serves the same purpose in Japanese. Commentators on Baidu have noticed the similarity between pseudo-Chinese and Classical Chinese, with such expressions as 貴方明日何処行？(lit. Where will you go tomorrow?). This is not a coincidence as the Japanese writing system arose as an adaptation of classical Chinese writing.
# Sarada Prasanna Jena

Sarada Prasanna Jena (born 1971) is an Indian politician from the state of Odisha. He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency in Jagatsinghpur district. He won the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election representing the Biju Janata Dal party.

## Early life and education

Jena is from Balikuda Erasama, Jagatsinghpur district, Odisha. He is the son of Shankar Jena. He completed his Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1994 at Banki College, Banki, which is affiliated with Utkal University.

## Career

Jena won from Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency representing Biju Janata Dal in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election. He polled 93,517 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Satya Sarathi Mohanty of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), by a margin of 25,959 votes.
# Phyllomedusa bicolor

Phyllomedusa bicolor, the giant leaf frog, bicolor tree-frog, giant monkey frog, or waxy-monkey treefrog, is a species of leaf frog. It can be found in the Amazon basin of Brazil, Colombia (Amazonas), Bolivia, and Peru, and can also be found in the Guianan Region of Venezuela and the Guianas, and in Cerrado of the state of Maranhão in Brazil.

## Description

Males measure 91–103 mm (3.6–4.1 in) and females 111–119 mm (4.4–4.7 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is lime green whereas the belly is white to yellow-white or cream. Lower lips, chest and front legs bear sparse white spots with dark frames; these are more dense on the flanks and hind legs. Fingers are transparent brown and have large, green adhesive discs. There is a prominent gland extending from behind each eye over the tympanum. The iris is dark gray.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found throughout the Amazon Rainforest in Bolivia, the Guianas, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru. This frog has been found in gallery forest.

## Ecology and behaviour

The giant leaf frog is a nocturnal, arboreal frog. Males call from trees in tropical humid forests. Males fight each other for mating rights by using their heads to attempt to separate another male who is attached to a female. Males fend off rivals using a series of aggressive calls and use their hind legs to push away the rival. During mating season, males may be targeted more by predators as the fights between males are very vocal and can be easily heard by predators. However, to combat this, giant leaf frogs produce peptides in their skin that serves as a chemical defence. Giant leaf frogs reproduce like most frog species through amplexus, where the male climbs onto the female's back to fertilize the eggs. The female and male construct a leaf-nest above forest pools, where the eggs are laid in a gelatinous mass of about 70 cm above the water. The eggs hatch from these nests in approximately 14 days, and the tadpoles fall into the water, where they continue the development into adult frogs. Peak reproduction occurs during the rainy season. Eggs of the giant leaf frog are heavily predated and have a predation rate of up to 61%. Species that prey on the eggs include rove beetles, phorid flies, mammals – specifically capuchin monkeys– and other predators, such as snakes. The eggs are predated because they are source of protein for predators.

## Conservation

The IUCN endangered species database lists them in the "Least Concern" category, in view of their current wide distribution and large population.

## Medicinal use

The skin secretion of the giant leaf frog is known as Vacina do sapo (frog vaccine) and contains the opioid peptides deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and dermorphin. The secretion, known as Kambo or Sapo, has seen increasing popularity in cleansing rituals, where it induces intense vomiting.
# Gabriel Narutowicz Monument

The Gabriel Narutowicz Monument (Polish: Pomnik Gabriela Narutowicza) is a bronze bust sculpture in Warsaw, Poland, placed at the Narutowicz Square within the Old Ochota neighbourhood. It is dedicated to Gabriel Narutowicz, an engineer and politicinan, who in 1922, was elected the first President of Poland, before being assassinated five days after taking office. It was unveiled on 9 December 2002, and was a copy of a sculpture by Edward Wittig.

## History

The monument was first proposed by local Alliance of Democrats party members from Ochota in 1984.
On 5 December 1992, in the location of the future monument at the Narutowicz Square was placed a sandstone plaque, with a Polish inscription that read "Na tym skwerze zostanie wzniesiony pomnik prezydenta Gabriela Narutowicza". It translated to "At this square will be erected a monument dedicated to president Gabriel Narutowicz". It was originally envisioned as a statue designed by Tadeusz Łodziana, however it remained unreleased due to the lack of necessary funds. Instead, on 9 December 2002, there was unveiled a bronze bust placed on granite pedestal. It was a twice enlarged copy of a sculpture by Edward Wittig, from the collection of the Warsaw University of Technology. During the ceremony, actor Krzysztof Kolberger read the oath Narutowicz made during his inauguration.
In 2022, it was announced that the monument will be moved to a different location at the square, due to the constriction of a tramline there.

## Design

The monument conists of a large bronze placed on a pedestal made from polished granite. It features a Polish inscription, which reads: "Gabriel Narutowicz; 1865–1922; Pierwszy Prezydent Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej". It translates to "Gabriel Narutowicz; 1865–1922; The First President of the Republic of Poland".
# Marcus Manilius

Marcus Manilius (fl. 1st century AD) originally hailing from Syria, was a Roman poet, astrologer, and author of a poem in five books called Astronomica.

## The Astronomica

The author of Astronomica is neither quoted nor mentioned by any ancient writer. Even his name is uncertain, but it was probably Marcus Manilius; in the earlier books the author is anonymous, the later give Manilius, Manlius, Mallius. The poem itself implies that the writer lived under Augustus or Tiberius, and that he was a citizen of and resident in Rome, suggesting that Manilius wrote the work during the 20s CE. According to the early 18th-century classicist Richard Bentley, he was an Asiatic Greek; according to the 19th-century classicist Fridericus Jacob, an African. His work is one of great learning; he had studied his subject in the best writers, and generally represents the most advanced views of the ancients on astronomy (or rather astrology).
Manilius frequently imitates Lucretius. Although his diction presents some peculiarities, the style is metrically correct, and he could write neat and witty hexameters.
The astrological systems of houses, linking human affairs with the circuit of the zodiac, have evolved over the centuries, but they make their first appearance in Astronomica. The earliest datable surviving horoscope that uses houses in its interpretation is slightly earlier, c. 20 BCE. Claudius Ptolemy (100–170 CE) almost completely ignored houses (templa as Manilius calls them) in his astrological text, Tetrabiblos.

### A. E. Housman edition

The work is also known for being the subject of the most salient of A. E. Housman's scholarly endeavours; his annotated edition he considered his magnum opus, and when the fifth and final volume was published in 1930, 27 years after the first, he remarked he would now "do nothing forever and ever." He nonetheless also thought that it was an obscure pursuit; to an American correspondent he wrote, "I do not send you a copy, as it would shock you very much; it is so dull that few professed scholars can read it, probably not one in the whole United States." It remains a source of bafflement to many that Housman should have elected to abandon (as they thought) a poet like Propertius in favour of Manilius. For example, the critic Edmund Wilson pondered the countless hours Housman devoted to Manilius and concluded, "Certainly it is the spectacle of a mind of remarkable penetration and vigor, of uncommon sensibility and intensity, condemning itself to duties which prevent it from rising to its full height." This is, however, to misunderstand the technical task of editing a classical text. In the same vein, Harry Eyres interpreted it as "what you could see as an act of self-punishment" that so many years were devoted to "a minor Roman versifier whose long didactic poem on astrology must rank as one of the most obscure in the entire annals of poetry".

## Honors

An impact crater on the Moon is named after him: Manilius is located in the Mare Vaporum.
# 2031 Men's Rugby World Cup

The 2031 Rugby World Cup will be the 12th edition of the Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's rugby union teams. It is scheduled to take place in the United States, tentatively from September to October 2031. This will be the first time the tournament is held in the Americas.

## Host nation selection

USA Rugby officially launched their bid to host the 2027 or 2031 editions of the Rugby World Cup in October 2021, while in February the same year, England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland had considered a joint bid to host the 2031 edition. At the time, the United States was the only bidder for the 2031 Rugby World Cup and the following month (November 2021) were in an "exclusive targeted dialogue" with World Rugby with regard to hosting the 2031 edition.
In April 2022, President Joe Biden sent a letter of support to World Rugby affirming his support for the bid. On May 12, 2022, World Rugby announced the United States had won the bid to host the 2031 Rugby World Cup.
2031 Rugby World Cup bidding results :
| Nation | Votes |
| United States | Acclamation |

## Development and preparations
### Expansion and format

The Rugby World Cup will expand from 20 to 24 teams at the 2027 Rugby World Cup in Australia. The 2031 Rugby World Cup will be the second edition of the tournament to include 24 teams. There will be six pools consisting of four teams. A round of 16 will be introduced prior to the quarter-finals. A total of 52 matches will be played over the course of six weeks.

### Dates

The Rugby World Cup typically takes place from September to October. In the United States, this would overlap with the 2031 NFL season and the 2031 Major League Soccer season. As many of the proposed venues are NFL stadiums, MLB stadiums and MLS stadiums, there is the possibility of the tournament being held during the summer months (June–September) to minimize clashes with other leagues' schedules, mainly that of the NFL. However, a determination of scheduling is yet to be made.

### Candidate host cities

A total of 25 cities have been shortlisted for the 2031 Rugby World Cup. Shortlisted cities include Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Birmingham, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, Nashville, New Orleans, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Phoenix, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, D.C. Most of the proposed venues are NFL stadiums, with a number of MLB and MLS stadiums in the running as well. Among the 24 cities which are under consideration, 11 of them have been selected as host cities for the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

## Qualifying

The below table shows the qualified teams as of April 28, 2022:
Qualifying teams :
| Region | Team | Qualification method | Previous Apps | Previous best result | World Ranking |
| North America | United States | Hosts | TBD | TBD | |
# Nam A

Nam A (Chinese: 南丫) is a village in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Nam A is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.