OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeff Ruby

Jeffrey Ruby (born Brian Jeffrey Kranz) is an American restaurateur and businessman. He owns several restaurants in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

## Life

Jeff Ruby was born in Newark, New Jersey. He left home at the age of 15 and rented a small room in a house he shared with senior citizens. Jeff started working at Perkins Restaurant and Bakery while still in his high school. His high school football coach assisted with Ruby getting a scholarship to Cornell University. Ruby attended Cornell University School of Hotel Administration, graduating in 1965.
After graduating from Cornell, Ruby worked for Holiday Inn in Cincinnati. He met Johnny Bench and Pete Rose, and with their financial backing, Ruby was able to open his first restaurant, The Precinct, in 1981. Ruby's second restaurant, The Waterfront, opened in 1986. The Waterfront was a floating restaurant on the Ohio River in Cincinnati. In the 2010s, The Waterfront struggled due to issues with the restaurant breaking free twice from its dock and a barge hitting it. The Waterfront became submerged in the Ohio River and had to be demolished in October 2014.
In 1999, Ruby opened Jeff Ruby's Steakhouse. The steakhouse expanded with a second location in Louisville, Kentucky, in 2001, and between 2016 and 2019 to Columbus, Lexington, and Nashville. In Spring of 2020, Ruby made daughter Brittany Ruby Miller CEO of Jeff Ruby Culinary Entertainment.
In 2010, Ruby began sponsoring jockeys in support of the Permanently Disabled Jockeys Fund. In 2018, the Spiral Stakes, an American Thoroughbred horse race at Turfway Park, was renamed the Jeff Ruby Steaks. In 2016, Ruby made a cameo appearance in the biopic "Gotti" (2018), which portrays life of John Gotti, the boss of the Gambino crime family.

## Public image

In 2013, three former waitstaff employees from Carlo & Johnny and Jeff Ruby's Steakhouse downtown filed a federal lawsuit against the restaurants, claiming they were compelled to contribute some of their tips to a pooled fund. In February 2024, another former employee initiated a class action federal labor lawsuit against Jeff Ruby Steaks, alleging that seven of the restaurants required tipped employees to share tips with back-of-house staff. Ruby characterized the allegations as originating from a "former disgruntled employee" and stated that the company intended to defend itself in court.
In 2007, Jeff Ruby's Steakhouse in Louisville made national news when Jeff refused to serve O. J. Simpson. Also in 2016, he banned Donald Trump from his restaurant during a campaign visit due to insulting comments Trump made about Arizona Sen. John McCain and other POWs, questioning their status as heroes. In 2023, Ruby catered a special dinner for the Damar Hamlin family at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Various celebrities, including Drake and Sylvester Stallone, are frequent diners at Jeff Ruby's Steakhouse.
In 2014, Ruby published his autobiography called Not Counting Tomorrow: The Unlikely Life of Jeff Ruby.
# Gmina Reszel

Gmina Reszel is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is seated in the town of Reszel. Reszel is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn and 52 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The gmina covers an area of 178.71 square kilometres (69.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 8,335 (out of which the population of Reszel amounts to 5,098, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,237).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Reszel, Gmina Reszel contains the villages and settlements of Bertyny, Bezławecki Dwór, Bezławki, Biel, Czarnowiec, Dębnik, Grodzki Młyn, Grzybowo, Kępa Tolnicka, Klewno, Kocibórz, Łabędziewo, Leginy, Łężany, Lipowa Góra, Mała Bertynówka, Mnichowo, Mojkowo, Niewodnica, Pasterzewo, Pieckowo, Pilec, Plenowo, Pudwągi, Ramty, Robawy, Siemki, Śpigiel, Śpiglówka, Staniewo, Stąpławki, Święta Lipka, Tolniki Małe, Wanguty, Widryny, Wola, Wólka Pilecka, Wólka Ryńska, Worpławki and Zawidy.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Reszel is bordered by the town of Mrągowo and by the gminas of Bisztynek, Kętrzyn, Kolno, Korsze, Mrągowo and Sorkwity.
# Jon Ander (footballer, born 1995)

Jon Ander Felipe González (born 22 May 1995), known simply as Jon Ander, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Penya Encarnada in Andorra.

## Career

Born in Getxo, Biscay, Jon Ander gonzalez feka began his career in the youth ranks of Athletic Bilbao. He was first included in a matchday squad for the reserve team on 16 November 2013, remaining an unused substitute in a 2–0 Segunda División B home win over Barakaldo CF, and had two further call-ups over the season.
In August 2014, he was loaned to a team in the same group of the division, SD Amorebieta, where he made his senior debut on the 24th in a 4–0 loss away to his parent club; he remained on the bench for the remainder of his loan. On 8 March 2015, he made his Bilbao Athletic debut, in a 1–0 loss away to CD Tudelano, and made three more appearances in a season which ended in promotion to Segunda División.
On 10 October 2015, Jon Ander made his first appearance in a professional league, keeping goal for Bilbao Athletic in a goalless draw against CD Numancia at the San Mamés Stadium, in which he saved a penalty kick from Óscar Díaz. On 7 June 2016, after suffering relegation, he was released by the Lions.
On 13 July 2016 Jon Ander signed for SD Eibar, being immediately loaned to UD Logroñés for one year. After only three appearances for the Riojans, he joined fellow third division side UE Llagostera on the same basis the following 1 February, and was again unused.
Jon Ander left for CD Toledo in July 2017, and played seven total games as back-up for Pablo Alcolea as the Manchegans were relegated. He remained without a team before returning to Amorebieta in January 2019.
On 2 January 2020, Ander joined SD Ejea on a deal for the rest of the season.
# Jadoon

The Jadoon, also known as Gadoon or Jadun (Pashto: ږدون،ګدون،سدون،زدون; Hindko: جدون) is a Pashtun tribe primarily residing in the Hazara and Kohistan regions as well as in the southern slopes of Mahaban mountains, called the Gadoon area in the Swabi district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Some members of the tribe also live in Nangarhar and Kunar in Afghanistan.

## History

A small section of the Jadoon tribe – using the ethnonym Gadun – speaks Pashto, but the rest of the tribe in the Hazara region has been assimilated into the Hindkowan Hazarewal community and speaks Hindko. Sir Olaf Caroe, a British Raj-era administrator of the NWFP, counts the Jadoon tribe under the Panni sub-division in the genealogy of the Gharghasht in his book The Pathans. According to the historian Ĭuriĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ (Yuri V. Gankovskiy), professor of Pakistan Studies at Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow, the Jadoons were a tribe of Indo-Aryan origin that were assimilated by the Kakar.

## Genetics

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yusufzai, Sayyid, Gurjar and Tanoli men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men are of predominantly East Asian paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females were marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of the Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carry Q-MEH2 and O3-M122, which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gurjars and Yusufzais. There appears to be founder effect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon. 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gurjars and 2.82% of Yusufzais carry O3-M122.
56.25% of Jadoons in another test were found to carry West Eurasian maternal Haplogroup H (mtDNA). Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the region like Yusufzais and Sayyids.

## People

* Amanullah Khan Jadoon, former MPA and Federal Minister
* Iqbal Khan Jadoon, former Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Amira Jadoon, Professor, Clemson University, United States
# Tumen (unit)

Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand"; Old Turkic: on bıñ; Mongolian: Түмэн, tümen; Turkish: on bin; Hungarian: tízezer), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000. A tumen denotes an administrative unit of 10,000 households, or a military unit of 10,000 soldiers.
English Orientalist Sir Gerard Clauson (1891-1974) defined tümän as immediately borrowed from Tokharian tmān, which according to Edwin G. Pulleyblank might have been etymologically inherited from Old Chinese tman or 萬.

## Magyar military organization of the conquest era

It was thought that the same kind of military organization was used by the Magyars during the conquest of Hungary. According to Ahmad ibn Rustah (c. 930), a Persian explorer and geographer relying on second-hand information, the "Magyars are a race of Turks and their king rides out with horsemen to the number of 10,000 and this king is called Kanda".

## Genghis Khan's organization

In Genghis Khan's military system, a tumen was recursively built from units of 10 (aravt), 100 (zuut) and 1,000 (mingghan), each with a leader reporting to the next higher level. Tumens were considered a practical size, neither too small for an effective campaign nor too big for efficient transport and supply. The military strategy was based on the use of tumens as a useful building block causing reasonable shock and attack. A Mongol army usually consisted out of three tumen, but armies consisting of only one tumen were also deployed. Regardless, tumen would often be understrength and the number of tumen deployed doesn't provide an accurate number of combatants.
The commander of a tumen was a tümen-ü noyan, a term sometimes translated "myriarch" (cf. myriad), meaning commander of 10,000.

## In modern armies

Tümen is a military unit which is still used in the Turkish Army, consisting of 6,000 to 10,000 soldiers. Its commander is a tümgeneral in the Army and Air Forces and a tümamiral in the Naval Forces. It is the equivalent of a modern division.
# Nicolas Charles Seringe

Nicolas Charles Seringe (3 December 1776 – 29 December 1858) was a French physician and botanist born in Longjumeau.
He studied medicine in Paris, and subsequently served as a military surgeon. In this role, he was involved in the German campaign under General Jean Victor Marie Moreau (1763-1813). Afterwards, he left the army and relocated to Bern, where he developed an interest in botany. From 1801 to 1820, he taught classes in Bern. He started to edit exsiccatae and exsiccata-like works distributing dried specimens in sets, among others Saules de la Suisse (1805–1814) and Collection des familles algues, champignons, hypoxylons, lichens (1809). Some of these series are mainly issued for educational purposes, for example the series Souvenir de la Suisse ou collection de plantes choisies des Alpes (~ 1825). One of his students was Ludwig Schaerer, who later became a pastor and lichenologist. Seringe followed with teaching similar duties in Geneva (1820–1830). In 1830 he was named the director of the Jardin de Plantes de Lyon, and from 1834 he taught classes at the University of Lyon.
Seringe belonged to several learned societies, including the Linnean Society of Lyon, of which he was a founding member. Among his written efforts were an 1815 monograph on willows native to Switzerland, a treatise on Swiss cereal grains titled "Monographie des céréales de la Suisse" (1818) and a work on cereal grains of Europe called "Descriptions et figures des céréales européennes" (1841).
The genus Seringia is named in his honor.
# Stari Bohorodchany rural hromada

Stari Bohorodchany rural hromada (Ukrainian: Старобогородчанська сільська громада) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Stari Bohorodchany.

## Settlements

The hromada consists of 5 villages:
* Hrynivka
* Lesivka
* Nyvochyn
* Skobychivka
* Stari Bohorodchany
# Charles Patton Keyes

General Sir Charles Patton Keyes, GCB, JP (25 November 1822 – 5 February 1896) was a British Indian Army officer.

## Career

He was commissioned into the 30th Madras Native Infantry in 1843, and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1858. He served as commanding officer of the 1st Punjab Infantry, Queen's Own Corps of Guides, Punjab Field Force and the 9th (Secunderabad) Division. He latterly served with the Indian Staff Corps. Keyes was promoted to major-general in 1881 and General in 1889. He was made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1891 Birthday Honours. In retirement he held the office of Justice of the Peace for Kent.

## Family

Keyes was the son of Thomas Keyes and Mary Anne Patton. He married Katherine Jessie Norman, daughter of Sir James Norman (and sister of Henry Wylie Norman), on 12 January 1870. Together they had nine children:
* Katherine Mary Keyes (died July 1956)
* Phyllis Marion Keyes (died 1 May 1968)
* Norman Keyes
* Admiral Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes (4 October 1872 – 26 December 1945), father of Geoffrey Keyes
* Dorothea Agnes Keyes (8 July 1874 – 2 April 1962)
* Charles Valentine Keyes (14 February 1876 – 1901)
* Sir Terence Humphrey Keyes (28 May 1877 – 26 February 1939)
* Adrian St. Vincent Keyes (19 December 1882 – 6 October 1926)
* Madeline Helen Keyes (1886-25 April 1964)
Following her husband's death, Lady Keyes was in 1902 granted use of a set of apartments in Clock Tower, Hampton Court Palace, by King Edward VII.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Charles Patton Keyes :
* NotesGranted by John Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, 29 November 1867.
* CrestAn open hand couped at the wrist Proper holding between the forefinger and thumb a key Or.
* EscutcheonPer chevron Gules and Sable three keys Or the wards of the two in chief facing each other and of the one in base to the sinister on a canton Argent a lion rampant of the first.
* MottoVirtute Adepta
# 1905 Texas Longhorns football team

The 1905 Texas Longhorns football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas (now known as the University of Texas at Austin) as a member of the Southwestern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SWIAA) during the 1905 college football season. In their third year under head coach Ralph Hutchinson, the Longhorns compiled an overall record of 5–4, with a mark of 3–1 in conference play.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 7 | | TCU* | Clark FieldAustin, TX (rivalry) | W 11–0 | 2,000 |
| October 13 | | Haskell* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | L 0–17 | |
| October 21 | | Baylor* | Clark FieldAustin, TX (rivalry) | W 39–0 | |
| October 28 | | at Vanderbilt | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | L 0–33 | |
| October 31 | | at Arkansas* | The HillFayetteville, AR (rivalry) | W 4–0 | |
| November 3 | 3:30 p.m. | vs. Oklahoma* | Colcord ParkOklahoma City, Oklahoma Territory (rivalry) | L 0–2 | 2,500 |
| November 10 | | Kentucky University* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | L 0–6 | |
| November 17 | | Sewanee | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 17–10 | |
| November 30 | | Texas A&M | Clark FieldAustin, TX (rivalry) | W 27–0 | |
| *Non-conference game |||||||
# Priscilla Montgomery

Priscilla Montgomery Clark (born 1929) is an American actress and dancer. She is best known for her role as a munchkin in The Wizard of OZ (1939) and as a dancer in It's a Wonderful Life (1946) in which she appeared with James Stewart. Montgomery is also known for her role as Spanky in Our Gang and in The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947) in which she appeared with Cary Grant.

## Early and personal life

Montgomery was born in 1929 and was raised in Alhambra, California. During the Great Depression, her mother encouraged her to have an acting career at a young age. She then went to Whittier College. After two years of studying, Montgomery left the college to married Revelle "Bud" Clark in 1949. They had two daughters, Cynthia and Carolyn. Their marriage lasted until Clark's death in 2023.

## Career

Montgomery was cast as a munchkin in The Wizard of Oz (1939) after being chosen from the Bud Murray Dance Studio in Los Angeles. She later starred in It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and in Our Gang. In 2007, she was invited to partake in the unveiling of a star for the munchkins on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1934 | George White's Scandals | Meglin Kiddie Dancer | Uncredited |
| 1937 | Rushin' Ballet | Dancer | Uncredited |
| 1937 | Our Gang Follies of 1938 | Girl with 'T' on Sweater | Uncredited |
| 1938 | Aladdin's Lantern | Tap Dancer | Uncredited |
| 1939 | The Wizard of Oz | Munchkin | |
| 1939 | Time Out for Lessons | Dancer | Uncredited |
| 1941 | Ye Olde Minstrels | Dancer | |
| 1946 | It's a Wonderful Life | Dancer | |
| 1947 | The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer | | |
# Banda Nkwanta Mosque

Banda Nkwanta Mosque is located in the West Gonja District in the formally Northern region of Ghana. It is now in the Savannah region. Banda Nkwanta is a small town along the intersection of the Bui Dam road and the Wa-Techiman highway.

## History

The mosque was built in the 18th century by Muslims who migrated south from Sudan. According to historians, the Muslims first entered Africa through Egypt in the 10th century AD and spread throughout the west and south during the gold trade and trans-Saharan slave routes.

## Features

It is built with mud in the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style. The mosque is very tall and it is said to have the tallest towers among the mud mosques in Ghana. The eastern tower of the mosque is about 42 feet high. It also has higher parapets. It is rectangular in shape with timber-frame structures and pillars which gives support to the roof. It has two pyramidal towers and a number of buttresses. It has pinnacles which stick out above the parapet.
# Government Post Graduate College

Government Post Graduate College may refer to:

## India

* Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar, Haryana
* Government Post Graduate College Noida, Uttar Pradesh
* Govt. PG College Rampur Bushahr, Himachal Pradesh
* Post Graduate Government College, Sector 11, Chandigarh
* Post Graduate College, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh

## Pakistan
### Punjab

* Government Post Graduate College (Chakwal)
* Government Post Graduate College (Jhang)
* Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal
* Government Post Graduate College Shakargarh

### Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

* Government Post Graduate College, Abbottabad
* Government Post Graduate College Bannu
* Government Post Graduate College Karak
* Government Post Graduate College Lakki Marwat
* Government Post Graduate College Mandian, Abbottabad
* Government Post Graduate College, Mansehra
* Government Post Graduate College Mardan
* Government Post Graduate College Nowshera
* Government Post Graduate College, Swabi
# Víctor Bernat

Víctor Bernat Cuadros (born 17 May 1987) is an Andorran footballer who plays as a forward for La Massana and the Andorra national team.

## Career

Bernat made his international debut for Andorra on 6 September 2020 in the UEFA Nations League against the Faroe Islands.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 6 September 2020
Andorra :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2020 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 0 |

### International goals

    Scores and results list Andorra's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 28 March 2022 | Estadi Nacional, Andorra la Vella, Andorra | Grenada | 1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
# Gehenna (disambiguation)

Gehenna is a valley in Jerusalem, and an analogue of Hell or Lake of Fire in Jewish and Christian tradition.
Gehenna may also refer to:

## Fiction

* Gehenna (comics), girlfriend of DC Comics character Jason Rusch, the current Firestorm
* Gehenna (Dungeons & Dragons), an Outer Plane of evil alignment in the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons
* Gehenna (World of Darkness), the vampires' prophesied Armageddon in the role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade
* Gehenna, a fictional planet, the setting for C. J. Cherryh's 1983 novel Forty Thousand in Gehenna

### Film and television

* Gehenna (1938 film), a 1938 Polish melodrama
* "Gehenna" (Millennium), a 1996 episode of the TV series Millennium
* Gehenna: Where Death Lives (2018 film), an American-Japanese horror film

## Music

* Gehenna (band), a Norwegian black/death metal band
* Gehenna, a 2001 EP by metal band Before the Dawn, and its title track
* "Gehenna", a song by metal band Slipknot on the 2008 album All Hope Is Gone
* "Gehenna", a music cue from the film 1917 that appears on its official soundtrack.
* "Gehenna", an original song by wotaku featuring Hatsune Miku.
# Muhammad Fiaz (Pakistani politician)

Muhammad Fiaz is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since 2024.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from constituency PP-49 Sialkot-VI in the 2024 Pakistani general election.
# Palaeotyto

Palaeotyto is an extinct genus of sophiornithid that lived during the Palaeogene period.

## Distribution

P. cadurcensis is known from the Quercy Phosphorites Formation of France.
# 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade

The 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade (German: 3. Estnische SS-Freiwilligen-Brigade) was a formation of the German Waffen-SS during World War II. It was formed in May 1943 at the SS-Truppenübungsplatz Heidelager near Dębica in the General Government through an expansion of the Estonian SS Legion (Estnische SS-Legion). Initially known as the Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, it became the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade in October 1943, when all SS brigades were numbered. The brigade was elevated to a division and renamed on January 23, 1944.

## Service history

In April 1943, the 1st Battalion of the Estonian Legion's sole unit, the 1st SS Volunteer Regiment, was renamed the Narva Battalion and dispatched to the front to replace the Finnish Battalion the SS Division Wiking. The Estonian Legion was then reorganised by German authorities into a brigade (Estnische SS-Freiwilligen-Brigade) in May 1943 to meet the increasing demand for troops. It completed its numbers through conscription of young Estonians. By December 1943, several weeks into the fighting, the brigade had the strength of 5,099 men.
In October 1943, the brigade was assigned its number and allocated anti-partisan duties in northern Belarus. According to Home Army intelligence, it departed from the Heidelager training ground on 20–22 October 1943. At the end of October, the Red Army broke through the German lines after intense fighting in the nearby Nevel section of the front. Since the German command had no reserves in the area, the Estonian Brigade was transferred to the front line where it pushed the Soviet forces back 5–15 kilometers by 13 November.
The Brigade was put under command of the VIII Corps of Army Group North. The brigade suffered severe losses fighting against numerous Red Army assaults and was eventually forced back to Opochka and transferred to the I Army Corps. It was then decided to create an Estonian Division and use the Brigade to form the cadre of the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division der SS (Estonian Number 1).
The brigade was expanded to a division and renamed the 20th Estonian SS Volunteer Division on January 23, 1944. It was returned to Estonia after the general conscription call where it was reformed into the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) established on May 26, 1944, when it absorbed all the other Estonian formations in the German military and some Estonian police units. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 was also assimilated.

## Commander

* Obersturmbannführer Franz Augsberger (22 October 1943 – 21 January 1944)