OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlie Mayfield

Sir Andrew Charles Mayfield (born 25 December 1966) is a British businessman. He was Chairman of the John Lewis Partnership from 2007 to 2020, and was also Chairman of the UK Commission for Employment and Skills until its closure in March 2017. He previously served in the British Army as an officer.

## Early life

Mayfield was born on 25 December 1966, to Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Mayfield. He was educated at Radley College, a private boys school in Oxfordshire. He followed in his father's footsteps and joined the military after leaving school rather than attending university.

## Career
### Military career

Mayfield graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1986, winning the Sword of Honour as the best cadet on his course. On 12 April 1986, he was commissioned into the Scots Guards, British Army, as a second lieutenant. He was given the service number 523391. On 12 April 1988, he was promoted to lieutenant. During his career he served in Northern Ireland amid The Troubles. He was 19 when he was first posted there.
He retired from the British Army on 30 September 1991.

### Business career

In 1992, Mayfield graduated from the Cranfield School of Management with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.
He joined SmithKline Beecham as assistant product manager of Instant Horlicks. He was later promoted to Marketing Manager for the Lucozade sports drink brand.
In 1996, he joined McKinsey & Company as a management consultant. During his time there, he worked with consumer and retail organisations.
In 2000, he joined the John Lewis Partnership as head of business development. He was appointed to the Board one year later as Development Director. He was appointed managing director of John Lewis in 2005. In 2007, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the John Lewis Partnership. In March 2007, he became the fifth Chairman of the John Lewis Partnership.
in November 2010, Mayfield was appointed to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills, a non-departmental public body, as Chairman. This post dissolved in March 2017 with the closure of the Commission.
On 7 November 2018, Mayfield announced that he would be stepping down as Chairman of the John Lewis Partnership. He was succeeded by Sharon White at a meeting of the John Lewis Partnership Council on 4 February 2020.

## Honours

Mayfield received the General Service Medal with "Northern Ireland" clasp for his service during The Troubles on Operation Banner.
In the 2013 Birthday Honours, it was announced that Mayfield had been appointed a Knight Bachelor (Kt) for services to business. On 7 February 2014, he was knighted by Charles, Prince of Wales (on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II) during a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
On 17 July 2013, Mayfield was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of the University (D.Univ) by Loughborough University. He was presented the honorary degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc) by the University of Reading on 10 July 2014.
| Ribbon | Description | Notes |
| | Knight Bachelor (Kt) | 2013 |
| | General Service Medal | With Clasp "NORTHERN IRELAND" |
# Ring armour

Ring armour (ring mail) is an assumed type of personal armour constructed as series of metallic rings sewn to a fabric or leather foundation. No actual examples of this type of armour are known from collections or archaeological excavations in Europe. It is sometimes called ringmail or ring mail. In the Victorian era the term "mail" was used fancifully for any form of metallic body armour. Modern historians reserve the term "mail" for armour formed of an interlinked mesh of metal rings.
The Bayeux Tapestry has been misinterpreted as depicting several different types of armour. It is generally acknowledged today that virtually all the armour on the tapestry is standard mail armour and not "ring mail", "trellised mail" or "mascled mail" or any other Victorian misinterpretation.

## Theoretical construction

Ring armour was believed to be a leather or textile item of clothing (a jacket, or trousers) with a large number of metal rings sewn or tied directly into the foundation garment. Unlike mail armour, the rings are not physically interlocked with each other.

## Schiessjoppe (eyelet doublet)

It has been claimed that the garment called eyelet doublet is not a form of ring armour, but an undergarment intended to be used under actual armour. The eyelets are intended as ventilation holes. It was known as a Schiessjoppe in Germany. However, Sir John Smythe, in 1591, recommended that, "Archers should weare either Ilet holed doublets that will resist the thrust of a sword or a dagger and covered with some trim and gallant kinde of coloured cloth to the liking of the captain ... or else Iackes of maile quilted upon fustian." It is clear from this that Smythe's "eyelet holed doublet" was not intended to be worn with mail but as a standalone armour, but this quote from the book titled "The Armourer and His Craft" By Charles John Ffoulkes brings into doubt whether the eyelet doublet was related to ring armour at all.
   From the nature of their composition these "eyelet doublets" are rarely to be met with. They were made of twine or thread knitted all over in eyelets or button-holes. The appearance is much the same as modern "tatting" and macramé work.
# Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne

Prince Oscar of Sweden, Duke of Skåne (Oscar Carl Olof; born 2 March 2016) is the younger child and only son of Crown Princess Victoria and her husband, Prince Daniel. He is a grandson of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia and is third in the line of succession to the Swedish throne, after his mother and his sister, Princess Estelle.

## Birth

Prince Oscar was born on 2 March 2016 at Karolinska University Hospital in Solna. His birth was greeted by two 21-gun salutes on the island of Skeppsholmen, opposite Stockholm Palace. His names and title of Duke of Skåne were announced the following day by his maternal grandfather, the King.
A Te Deum thanksgiving service was held in the palace's Royal Chapel on 3 March 2016 to celebrate his birth.
Prince Oscar was christened on 27 May 2016 at the Royal Chapel of Stockholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden. His godparents are King Frederik X of Denmark (then Crown Prince); Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway; his maternal aunt Princess Madeleine of Sweden; his mother's cousin Oscar Magnuson; and his father's cousin Hans Åström. He was christened in the family's antique christening gown which was first worn by his great grandfather Prince Gustaf Adolf when he was christened in 1906. His name and date of christening were added in embroidery to the gown.

## Titles, styles, honours, and arms
### Titles and styles

Oscar's full title is: His Royal Highness Prince Oscar Carl Olof, Duke of Skåne.

### Honours

* Knight and Commander of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
* Knight of the Order of Charles XIII
* Recipient of the Commemorative Golden Jubilee Medal of His Majesty The King (CXVIG:sJmtIV)

### Arms

Prince Oscar's coat of arms is based on the greater coat of arms of Sweden. It features in the first and fourth quarters, the Three Crowns; in the second, the lion of the House of Bjälbo; and in the third, the griffin of the arms of Skåne, representing the titular designation of his dukedom. In the centre, on an inescutcheon, is the dynastic arms of the House of Bernadotte. Surrounding the shield is the chain of the Order of the Seraphim, of which he was presented with at his baptism.
# John Lang (writer)

John Lang (19 December 1816 – 20 August 1864) was an Australian lawyer and was Australia's first native born novelist.

## Early life and education

Lang was born at Parramatta, Sydney, Australia, second and posthumous son of Walter Lang, merchant adventurer, and his wife Elizabeth, née Harris. Lang was educated at Sydney College under William Timothy Cape. Lang went to Cambridge in March 1837 and, after qualifying as a barrister, returned to Australia.

## Career

In 1842, at a public meeting, he seconded a motion proposed by William Wentworth, that the Crown be petitioned to grant the colony a representative assembly. A few months later he went to India and was successful as a barrister, taking on high-profile clients such as the Rani of Jhansi in her battles against the British East India Company.
Lang became a journalist and in 1845 established a paper, the Mofussilite, at Meerut. He also wrote some novels which appeared serially in the Mofussilite and in Fraser's Magazine. These began to be published in book form in 1853, The Wetherbys and Too Clever by Half both 1853, followed by Too Much Alike (1854), The Forger's Wife (1855, said to be the first English-language detective novel), Captain Macdonald (1856), Will He Marry Her (1858), The Ex-Wife (1858), My Friend's Wife (1859), The Secret Police (1859), and Botany Bay; or True Stories of the Early Days of Australia (1859). Some of these were very popular and were often reprinted, the twelfth edition of Too Clever by Half appearing in 1878. Botany Bay has been reprinted several times, sometimes under the titles of Clever Criminals, or Remarkable Convicts. Fisher's Ghost reprints 10 of the 13 stories of Botany Bay. Lang also published Geraldine, A Ballad in 1854, and in 1859 Wanderings in India and other Sketches reprinted from Household Words. Lang visited London in 1859, and was for a short time at Calcutta where he issued the Optimist. Lang died in the hill station of Mussoorie, India, and is buried in Camel's Back Cemetery, which enjoys a wide vista of the Lower Western Himalaya, which Lang loved greatly. His grave had been lost for almost a century until it was sought out and discovered by the writer Ruskin Bond.
# Acura ADX

The Acura ADX is its first compact luxury crossover SUV by Acura, is engineered on the same advanced global architecture as the Acura Integra, Honda Civic (eleventh generation) and Honda HR-V (also known as Honda ZR-V). It was unveiled in November 2024 and will be released in early 2025.
Its standard powertrain is a variant of the turbocharged 1.5-liter VTEC 4-cylinder engine from the Acura Integra producing 190 hp at 6,000 rpm and 179 lb⋅ft of torque at 1,700 to 5,000 rpm with optional all-wheel drive system which can send more than 50% of torque to the rear wheels. CVT are standard on all models.
The ADX is the first model assembly outside the United States and Japan. Unlike the other American-built Acura models, the ADX is produced in Mexico at the Honda Celaya Plant in Celaya, Guanajuato instead, same as the Honda HR-V for North America market.
# Langer's lines

Langer's lines, Langer lines of skin tension, or sometimes called cleavage lines, are topological skin lines drawn on a map of the human body. They are parallel to the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis, and generally parallel to the underlying muscle fibers. Langer's lines have relevance to forensic science and the development of surgical techniques.

## History

The lines were first discovered in 1861 by Austrian anatomist Karl Langer (1819–1887), though he cited the surgeon Baron Dupuytren as being the first to recognise the phenomenon. Langer punctured numerous holes at short distances from each other into the skin of a cadaver with a tool that had a circular-shaped tip, similar to an ice pick. He noticed that the resultant punctures in the skin had ellipsoidal shapes. From this testing he observed patterns and was able to determine "line directions" by the longer axes of the ellipsoidal holes and lines.

## Application

Knowing the direction of Langer's lines within a specific area of the skin is important for surgical operations, particularly cosmetic surgery. If a surgeon has a choice about where and in what direction to place an incision, they may choose to cut in the direction of Langer's lines. Incisions made parallel to Langer's lines may heal better and produce less scarring than those that cut across. Conversely, incisions perpendicular to Langer's lines have a tendency to pucker and remain obvious, although sometimes this is unavoidable. The orientation of stab wounds relative to Langer's lines can have a considerable impact upon the presentation of the wound.
Langer's lines include breast static tension lines, which mark a guide for breast surgery incisions.
Keloids are more common when incision is given across Langer's lines. Sometimes the exact direction of the collagen fibers are unknown, because in some regions of the body there are differences between different individuals. Also, the lines described by Kraissl differ in some ways from Langer's lines, particularly on the face.

## Alternatives

Other authors have created topological skin maps. Kraissl's lines differ from Langer's lines in that while Langer's lines were defined in cadavers, Kraissl's lines have been defined in living individuals. Also, the method used to identify Kraissl's lines is not traumatic.
# Lyngbyastatins

Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptides that possess antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. These compounds, first isolated from the extract of a Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola assemblage and from L. majuscula Harvey ex Gomont (Oscillatoriaceae) strains, respectively, target the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.

## Biosynthesis

Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are encoded for by a 52 kb biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) containing one polyketide synthase (PKS)/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) hybrid (LbnA), four NRPSs (LbnB-D, LbnF), and one PKS (LbnE).
Biosynthesis commences with PKS activity — thiolation of propanoic (Lyngbyastatin 1) or butyric (Lyngbyastatin 3) acid and subsequent loading onto the ketosynthase (KS) of LbnA. An acyl unit from malonyl CoA is then coupled onto the initial substrate via an acyltransferase (AT) and then methylated at the alpha carbon through a C-methyltransferase (CMT) before an aminotransferase (AmT) conducts a transamination of the initial substrate carbonyl. The latter half of LbnA follows traditional NRPS activity containing condensation (C), adenylation (A), and thiolation (T) domains to couple 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid, which is believed to be formed from the 2-oxo analog through PKS ketoreductase (KR) activity.
LbnB, a traditional NRPS, adds glycine into the growing thioester by its amino group. LbnC is another traditional NRPS that adds L-leucine and glycine, respectively, except the L-leucine domain possesses an active N-methyltransferase (NMT) domain that methylates the nitrogen of L-leucine.
NRPS LbnD then adds L-valine, L-tyrosine, and L or D-valine, respectively to the growing molecule. PKS LbnE couples an acyl unit from malonyl-CoA onto the C-terminus of the valine residue before a C-methyltransferase methylates the carbon alpha to the thioester twice to produce a quaternary alpha carbon.
NRPS LbnF completes the biosynthesis by coupling L-alanine before the thioesterase (TE) domain conducts a head-to-tail cyclization to produce the final depsipeptide products.
# Mehr Chand Khanna

Mehr Chand Khanna (1 June 1897 – 20 July 1970) was an Indian politician who served as the Union Minister for Rehabilitation from 1954 to 1962. He served as the Law Minister from 1954 to 1957. He was the first Rehabilitation Minister of the Government of India, serving from 1948 to 1950.

## Early life and education

Khanna was born in a Hindkowan Hindu family in Peshawar on 1 June 1897 to Karam Chand Khanna, a rich businessman.
He had his schooling in Peshawar and graduated from Edwardes College, Peshawar. Khanna also graduated in law and practised for a time as a lawyer.

## Politics

Mehr Chand Khanna entered politics at an early age and founded the Hindu Sabha. In 1926, he served as member of the Peshawar Cantonment Board, as a Hindu representative. He served for some time as a member of the Frontier Crimes Regulations Enquiry Committee set up by the Government of India.
In 1932, he was elected to the North West Frontier Province Assembly from the Peshawar Cantonment constituency as a member of the Hindu-Sikh Nationalist Party. When the Frontier National Congress captured power in the province in the 1937 elections and Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan became the Premier, Khanna, whose party was in winning alliance, was made the Minister of Finance. Khanna was the only Hindu minister in the cabinet. He was also the only cabinet minister who was not related to Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
Khanna served as the Minister of Finance from 1937 to 1939, when Congress ministries all over India resigned in protest against Britain's declaration of war against Germany. He also served as Minister of Finance in the second Frontier Congress cabinet which ruled from 1945 to 1947.
Khanna participated in the Lok Sabha elections in independent India and was elected from the New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency. He served as Minister of Rehabilitation in the Jawaharlal Nehru cabinet from 1954 to 1962. Being a refugee himself, he is believed to have handled the refugee problem well. From 1954 to 1957, he also handled the law portfolio. During the 1960s, he was also giving the portfolio of housing.

## Arrest and migration

Khanna was serving as a cabinet minister in the NWFP government when the dominion of Pakistan was formed on 14 August 1947. However, the government was dismissed soon afterwards.
In January 1948 Khanna was arrested along with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan on charges of possessing firearms and lodged in Peshawar jail. The Indian government sent Anglo-Indian lawyer Frank Anthony to secure his release as no Hindu lawyer was willing to travel to Pakistan. Upon his release Khanna migrated to India and settled down in Delhi.

## Death

Mehr Chand Khanna passed away on 20 July 1970 in Delhi at the age of 73.

## Legacy

Khanna Market in Delhi was founded in 1954 and Meharchand Market was established in the early 1960s. These markets were named after their founder, Mehr Chand Khanna.
# Abuhena Saifulislam

Commander Abuhena Saifulislam (in U.S. records) or Abu Hena Saiful Islam, (Bengali: আবু হেনা সাইফুল ইসলাম), (born 1963) is a Bangladeshi-American who is the first Muslim naval officer appointed as an imam chaplain serving with units in the Marine Corps.

## Early life

Born in 1963, Abu Hena traveled to the US in 1989 for higher studies. He studied at the Southern New Hampshire University and received his MBA degree in 1992. That same year he joined the US Navy. Earlier he had applied for immigration to America by participating in the DV Lottery. He was granted US citizenship towards the end of 1995 while he was working in the U.S. Navy in the payroll and accounting department.

## Career

After obtaining citizenship, Saifulislam launched his drive to become an imam in the United States Navy Chaplain Corps, which provides chaplains to the United States Navy and Marine Corps. Saiful attended a course for chaplains serving with the Marine Corps, organized jointly by the Defense Department and the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences in Leesburg, Virginia. He studied for two years to complete the course. In 1998, he took the opportunity of the process of recruiting Navy chaplains and was commissioned in the same rank in 1999. After commissioning, the Navy assigned him to the United States Marine Corps as the first Muslim chaplain to serve with the United States Marine Corps. In this position his main task is to teach about Islam so that an understanding of the religion is built up across the US military. On his appointment as a Muslim chaplain, Saiful said, "When I found out that they were looking for Muslim chaplains, I wanted to become one. I was already involved in religious activities inside the Pentagon (Defense Department headquarters), establishing Friday services and other such things." In the Navy his rank is Commander and he is known as Chaplain Saif.
As of 2014, Chaplain Saifulislam remains the only Muslim chaplain assigned to a Marine Corps unit, and one of only two in the Navy Chaplain Corps.
# Aureliano Oyarzún

Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro (b. 1858 – d. 1947) was a Chilean physician, who became an anthropologist through his study of native cultures in Chile, including the indigenous peoples of Tierra del Fuego. He is considered among the most prominent early 20th-century researchers, together with the Austrians Max Uhle and Martin Gusinde.

## Early life and education

Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro was born to Oyarzún and Navarro. He was of Basque descent through his father. He attended local schools before university, where he studied medicine.

## Academic career

He was appointed to succeed Francisco Puelma Tupper as professor of pathology in the medical school of University of Chile in 1891. In the 1891 Chilean Civil War, Puelma was a supporter of President José Manuel Balmaceda and was expelled from the university. Oyarzún was later replaced by Emilio Croizet.
During the conflict, Oyarzún participated in the War of the Pacific and the Chilean occupation of Lima, Peru.
Oyarzún did much research of the indigenous peoples of Chile, particularly in Tierra del Fuego. He was a prolific writer on the subject, studying the Selkʼnam and Yaghan.
# Frengky Kogoya

Frengky Pare Kogoya (born 22 June 1997) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career
### Persipuncak Puncak

Frengky played for Persipuncak Puncak in the 2017 Liga 3 Papua zone, he was on the same club as Donny Monim and Frank Sokoy who were then coached by Johanes Songgonau.

## Honours
### Club
#### Persija Jakarta

* Liga 1: 2018