# Jackson-Reed High School

Jackson-Reed High School (formerly known as Woodrow Wilson High School) is a public high school in Washington, D.C. It serves grades 9 through 12 as part of the District of Columbia Public Schools. The school sits in the Tenleytown neighborhood, at the intersection of Chesapeake Street and Nebraska Avenue NW. It primarily serves students in Washington's Ward 3, but nearly 30% of the student body lives outside the school's boundaries.
Opened in 1935, the school was originally named for Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States. It was renamed in 2022 for Edna Burke Jackson, the school's first African American teacher, and Vincent Reed, its first African American principal. The school building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 and extensively renovated in 2010–2011.

## History
### Early years

What is now Jackson-Reed High School was built on a patch of land acquired in 1930, known by the neighboring Tenleytowners as "French's Woods". In March 1934, DC commissioners awarded the contract to build the school to the lowest bidder: McCloskey and Co. of Philadelphia. It was built for a total cost of $1.25 million.
The school opened its doors to students on September 23, 1935, as an all-white school named for Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States, the sixth DC Interhigh school. The school started with 640 sophomores and juniors, many of whom had transferred from Central and Western. Western had been running double shifts (9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) to accommodate the students from the Wilson neighborhoods. The first principal was Norman J. Nelson, formerly assistant principal at Western.
Wilson High School graduated its first students in February 1937. Chester Moye was the president of the February graduation class. The school held its first spring commencement exercises for 290 students on June 23, 1937. Robert Davidson was the class president.

### Subsequent years

In September 1955, Wilson was integrated for the first time, enrolling two black students in the 10th grade. The same year, Edna Burke Jackson (for whom the school was later renamed) became one of the school’s first two black teachers.
In the spring of 1970, about 400 students, almost all black, gathered in the school auditorium to protest inequalities in the school. Jay Childers, the author of The Evolving Citizen: American Youth and the Changing Norms of Democratic Engagement (2012), wrote that this indicated racial tension in the school.
Stephen P. Tarason succeeded Wilma Bonner as the school's 11th principal in January 1999. Bonner worked briefly at the main DCPS office before accepting a job at Howard University School of Education.
In mid-2006, Woodrow Wilson High School was proposed as a charter school. However, the superintendent asked the school to hold off in exchange for being granted control over certain areas of autonomy, especially facilities.
Jacqueline Williams became interim principal in 2007 after Tarason left to become a middle school principal in Hagerstown, Maryland. The following year, DCPS chancellor Michelle Rhee appointed as principal Peter Cahall, a former teacher and administrator with the Montgomery County Public Schools.
The school building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
For the 2006–07 school year, Woodrow Wilson was one of 11 U.S. schools selected by the College Board for the EXCELerator School Improvement Model program, which was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

### 2010s

Along with several other D.C. public schools, the campus was renovated in 2011, bringing it to the LEED Gold standard. For the 2010–11 school year, Wilson held classes in a temporary space at the University of the District of Columbia. The renovated school reopened in October, and festivities included a 75th anniversary celebration.
Childers wrote that the school had been "increasingly troubled" before 2012.
In June 2014, Cahall came out as gay to his students during the school's gay pride day. He said that his students inspired him to come out. The Westboro Baptist Church had stated that it was going to protest against that pride day.
Cahall left his post in December 2014, in the middle of the school year, after DCPS announced that his contract would not be renewed. Cahall said his contract was not renewed due to low test scores. In 2015, Cahall became the principal of Thomas Edison High School of Technology.
In spring 2015, a panel headed by teachers and other employees, parents, and members of the surrounding community examined candidates for the principal position. DCPS ultimately hired Kimberly Martin, who had served as the principal of Lorain Admiral King High School in Lorain, Ohio, from 2003 to 2005, after teaching there for five years; as principal of Thomas W. Harvey High School in Painesville, Ohio, from 2005 to 2012; and as principal of Aspen High School in Aspen, Colorado, from 2012 to 2015. She began her term as principal of Wilson on June 29, 2015.
In 2015, DCPS proposed a $15.6 million budget for Wilson, down $300,000 from the previous year, despite a projected enrollment of more students.

### 2020s: new name

The 21st century saw sporadic discussions about whether Woodrow Wilson was an appropriate namesake for a high school. Wilson supported segregation, and his works as a historian are pillars of the Dunning School approach to the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. His presidency was part of what is known as the nadir of American race relations. As U.S. president, he began or allowed segregation and purges among federal workers, including in the U.S. military.
Such discussions gained traction in 2015 when Princeton University students argued for removing Wilson's name from campus buildings. Some suggested that the high school be renamed to honor Reno, a black community demolished in the 1930s to create Fort Reno Park, because Wilson's policies, particularly his segregation of the federal workforce, laid the groundwork for dismantling it. Proponents of changing the name argued, as the Washington Post put it in 2019, that "the community in Northwest Washington has to acknowledge that the federal government — after Wilson left office — uprooted established black communities to create the upper-income, largely white enclave it is today."
On September 15, 2020, D.C. Public Schools officials announced the school would change its name by the end of 2020, at an estimated cost of $1.2 million. After a citywide call for nominations drew more than 2,000 submissions, the Mayor settled on nine finalists and put the list to a community vote. By far, more than 30 percent of the vote went to August Wilson, the African American playwright. The DCPS leaders and the Mayor's office expressed support, so the school planned to rename itself August Wilson High School in fall 2021. However, the Mayor and DC Council failed to formally act on the name change. The class of 2022 graduated with the simplified name "Wilson High School" on their diplomas.
On December 20, 2021, the D.C. Council voiced opposition to the proposed new name and voted instead to name the school Jackson-Reed High School, after Edna Burke Jackson, the first African American teacher at Wilson High School, and Vincent Reed, an African American principal who became D.C. Public Schools superintendent. Bowser did not formally respond to the D.C. Council's actions, which passed with a veto-proof majority. The bill was transmitted for Congressional review under the Home Rule Charter without incident and became law on March 15, 2022.

## Admissions
### Demographics

As of the 2022-23 school year, Jackson-Reed serves 2,153 students. Jackson-Reed is the largest comprehensive public high school in the District.
The Beacon, the school newspaper, described the school as "an integrated school, an unusual, precious, fragile organism, attacked from many sides" in December 1970.
In 1955, 99% of Jackson-Reed students were white, and by the late 1960s, the school was still predominately white. A racial integration campaign occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The school was 17% white by 1980. By 2012, there had been a decline in students from wealthier families; by then, many alternative options for schooling had appeared in the DCPS system.

### Attendance boundary

Jackson-Reed primarily serves students in Ward 3. School boundaries encompass everything west of 16th Street, NW; all of southwest Washington north of the Anacostia River; and parts of Capitol Hill southeast. Neighborhoods include Adams Morgan, Georgetown, Glover Park, Chevy Chase, and Tenleytown.
The following elementary schools feed into Jackson-Reed:
* Bancroft Elementary School
* Hearst Elementary School
* Janney Elementary School
* Lafayette Elementary School
* Murch Elementary School
* Oyster-Adams Bilingual School
* Shepherd Elementary School
The following middle schools feed into Jackson-Reed:
* Deal Middle School
* Oyster-Adams Bilingual School
However, nearly 30% of the student body lives outside the school's boundaries. Those students come from all parts of the District, and students come to Jackson-Reed from 40 different schools in the city.
Many of the students live in poor neighborhoods near the school. Tenleytown, the neighborhood surrounding Jackson-Reed, has a median family income of over $80,000 as of 2012.
The school's student body is ethnically mixed: 29% African American, 38% Caucasian, 24% Latin American, and 4% Asian American.
12% of the students receive free and reduced lunch benefits.

## Curriculum

Students are required to complete 24 credits for graduation, including courses in Art, English, Health and Physical Education, Mathematics, Music, Science, Social Studies, and World Languages.
Many Jackson-Reed students enroll in advanced courses; As of 2024, Jackson-Reed offers 30 Advanced Placement courses and electives, which is the most in DCPS. In the 2022–2023 school year, Jackson-Reed had a 55% rate of scoring 3–5 in Advanced Placement courses
Many Jackson-Reed students, are members of NAF/PLTW/CTE academies that seek to tailor a student's curriculum to their academic or professional interests. These include IT Academy, Engineering Academy, Biomedical Academy, Academy of Finance, AV Production Academy, Academy of Graphic Design, Academy of Global Studies, Leadership Academy: JROTC & Cybersecurity, Academy of Hospitality and Tourism, and Triple A (Athletic Achievement Academy).

## Extracurricular activities
### Athletics

During its first school year in 1935–36, Jackson-Reed (then-Wilson HS) was not eligible to play in the Inter-High School Athletic Association. The newly formed basketball and baseball teams played an exhibition-only schedule the first year, and there was no football team. The basketball and baseball teams began their official Inter-High Series competition in the 1936–'37 school year. The football team played an exhibition season in 1936–37 and officially joined the Inter-High Series a year later, in the fall of 1937. School teams were frequently nicknamed "the Presidents" by newspaper sportswriters in the early years. Going into the 2024-25 school year, there will be 35 Varsity, JV, and Freshmen teams for boys and girls.

#### Baseball

By 2008, the Tigers had won sixteen consecutive DCIAA baseball championships. Through their 2011 season, the baseball program won nineteen consecutive DCIAA championships.

#### Basketball

In the 2023-24 season, the boys' varsity team was nationally ranked #39 in the country, according to MaxPreps. They went 33-3 and won the DCIAA championship game against Cardozo High School. In the DCSAA Class 2A state playoffs, they lost in the semifinal game against St. John's College High School by a score of 55-52.

#### Other sports

The boys' ultimate frisbee team is currently ranked eighth in the country, and the girls' team is 17th, according to Ultiworld magazine as of April 5, 2019. The Tigers athletic program maintains the only crew team among D.C. public high schools. Varsity softball won the DCIAA championship for three consecutive years in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2009, the team, led by seniors Kathleen McLain and Rachel Bitting, played Georgetown Visitation in the Congressional Bank Softball Classic in which the softball champion of the DC public schools played the champion of the DC private schools. Wilson won the game, 3–2.

### Publications

Jackson-Reed's school newspaper is called The Beacon. It began publication in 1935. In 2012, Jay Childers wrote that the quality of the publication and the publishing frequency of the Beacon declined as the school had increased difficulties. Historically, the school administration did not, and still does not, review Beacon articles before publication, even though the U.S. Supreme Court in Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier stated that principals have the right to have control over newspaper content. In August 2015, Principal Kimberly Martin announced that the school would require the newspaper to allow her and her staff to review all articles before publication. This led to student protests, including a Change.org petition. The newspaper staff criticized and opposed the proposal. By September, Martin and the co-editors agreed to end the prior review plan. Martin had canceled publishing a newspaper article at her previous school in Colorado.

## Campus

The campus includes an Olympic-sized swimming pool, theater space, and a large atrium. Behind the school, there is a turf football field surrounded by a 400-yard running track—closer to 350 meters than the standard 400.

### Athletic facilities

Jackson-Reed Stadium opened for duty in 1939. An artificial turf field was installed over the summer of 2007. A sound system, press box, and lights were also added to the stadium. The stadium is now used for several sports, including soccer, football, and lacrosse. The high school's campus has had an aquatic facility since the late 1970s. It first opened in 1978 but was condemned and demolished in 2007. A new Aquatic Center for Ward 3 was completed in 2009, with an indoor 50-meter swimming pool, a children's pool, and other facilities.

## Lawsuit

In December 2023, after the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, school officials denied a request by the school's Arab Student Union to show The Occupation of the American Mind, a controversial film that accuses Israel of disproportionately influencing American media and public perception of the Israel-Palestinian conflict; officials said the club had failed to follow the process for getting the event approved. In April 2024, the Arab Student Union, represented by the ACLU of DC, sued the school, alleging that it violated members First Amendment rights. The case is ongoing. In an interim agreement with DC Public Schools the students dropped their demand to show the film in exchange for an agreement to show an alternate film that had previously been rejected by the school.

## Awards and recognition

In April 2013, Jackson-Reed was named a Green Ribbon School by the U.S. Department of Education in recognition of "being good stewards of the environment."

## Notable alumni

Notable alumni of Jackson-Reed High School include:
* Aquil Abdullah (1991), Olympic rower
* Yvette Alexander (1979), former D.C. councilmember
* Robert Altman (1964), attorney and ZeniMax Media co-founder
* John Astin (1948), actor (best known for playing Gomez on The Addams Family)
* Ann Beattie (1965), short story writer and novelist
* Philip Benedict (1966), professor of European History
* Sekou Biddle (1989), former D.C. councilmember
* David Boggs (1968), engineer and co-inventor of Ethernet
* Kwame R. Brown (1989), former D.C. councilmember
* Doris Buffett (1945), philanthropist and sister of investor Warren Buffett
* Warren Buffett (1947), businessman and one of the world's wealthiest people
* Emmanuel Burriss (2003), professional baseball player
* Ruth Burtnick Glick (1960), author under name Rebecca York
* Duane Carrell (1968), NFL punter
* Jack Casady (1962), rock musician most known for Jefferson Airplane
* Ramsey Clark (1946), former United States Attorney General for President Lyndon Johnson and liberal activist
* Jean Craighead George (1937), author of Newbery-winning children's books
* Howard Dawson (1940), U.S. Tax Court judge
* Erik Todd Dellums (1982), television and film actor
* Zelda Diamond Fichandler (1941), theatrical director and producer, co-founder of Arena Stage
* Kenneth Feld (1966), CEO of Feld Entertainment, whose productions include the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice
* Adrian Fenty (attended, did not graduate), former mayor of Washington, DC
* Angelo Fields (1976), former professional American football player
* Charles Fleischer (1968), actor and voice talent
* Clarence Greenwood (1986), musician under the name Citizen Cope
* George Grizzard (1945), actor on stage, film, and television
* Gilbert Gude (1941), five-term U.S. Congressman from Maryland and author on environmental issues
* Stanley S. Harris (1945), U.S. District Court Judge in D.C.
* Hugh Newell Jacobsen (1947), award-winning architect
* Jorma Kaukonen (1959), guitarist for Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna
* Larry Kramer (1953), playwright, novelist, and gay rights activist
* Ricky Lindo (born 2000), American-Panamanian basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Romulus Z. Linney (1949), playwright and novelist
* Mark MacDonald, member of the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont Senate
* Ian MacKaye (1980), singer for Minor Threat and Fugazi
* David Mays (1986), publisher of The Source magazine
* Kenyan McDuffie (1992), D.C. councilmember
* Robert "Bud" McFarlane (1955), National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan
* Derek McGinty (1977), television journalist and news anchor
* Donald McKinnon (1956), former New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs and former Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations
* Zinora Mitchell-Rankin (1973), D.C. Superior Court Judge
* Paul Miller (1988), hip-hop musician under the name DJ Spooky
* Roger Mudd (1945), broadcast journalist and author
* Jeff Nelson (1980), drummer for Minor Threat and The Teen Idles
* Judith Perlman Martin (1955), syndicated columnist "Miss Manners"
* Adam Rapoport (1987), American magazine editor
* Frank Rich (1967), essayist, op-ed columnist, and writer
* Malaya Rivera Drew (1995), television actress
* Richard Saslaw (1958), politician and Democratic party majority leader of the Virginia Senate
* Clifford Stearns (1959), eleven-term U.S. Congressman from Florida
* Bert Sugar (1953), sports writer and boxing expert
* Harry Thomas Jr. (1978), former D.C. councilmember
* Conrad Tillard, politician, Baptist minister, radio host, author, and activist
* Melvin Tuten (1991), NFL offensive lineman
* Alex Wagner (1995), political journalist and television personality
* John Warner (1945), politician and former U.S. Senator from Virginia
* Jimmy Williams (1978), former NFL linebacker, football coach
* Toby Williams (1978), former NFL defensive tackle