OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brenda Shanahan (businesswoman)

Brenda Shanahan is an Irish businesswoman. She won the first series of the Irish version of The Apprentice TV show. She is one of the only candidates in any of the world versions of the show to have won 10 out of 11 tasks set for participants in the show, aside Helen in season 7 of the UK version. She now works for the central personality of the show, Bill Cullen.
Shanahan grew up in Galway and lived in Limerick for some years. She is a former acrobatic gymnast, having won several competitions in the sport. She started her working life as a hotel receptionist in Galway. From there, she moved to Dublin, where she worked for some years with a mobile phone operator. She became the company's business development executive. After this, Shanahan decided to start her own business, opening a bridal shop in Cork that she still owns today. Shanahan has now moved to live in Dublin, working alongside The Apprentice boss, Bill Cullen. As a result of winning the show, Shanahan has an annual salary of €100,000.
# Charles Ottley Groom

Charles Ottley Groom, Charles Ottley Groom Napier, also self-styled Charles de Bourbon d'Este Paleologus Gonzaga, Prince of Mantua and Montferrat (14 May 1839 – 17 January 1894), was an English natural history collector, writer, best known however as an impostor, charlatan, and fraud. Aside from claiming a royal lineage, he attempted to rise in social standing by awarding a so-called "Mantua Medal" to noted artists, writers, and scientists of his time.

## Biography

Groom was born in Merchiston, Tobago to sugar planter Charles Edward Groom (1815–1838) and Ann née Napier (1815–1895). He grew up, raised alone by his mother in Sussex and was of delicate health. He spent a lot of time in natural history and science. Among his early books was The Food, Use, and Beauty of British Birds (1865). In 1869 he wrote an autobiographical book Tommy Try, or, What he did in Science (1869). He edited a chapter on conchology in a book by Louis Figuier. He promoted vegetarianism at meetings of the British Association. His book Lakes and Rivers (1879) was published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. In 1865 he changed his surname to Napier, sometimes giving his name as C.O.G. Napier of Merchiston. Still later he claimed to have traced his lineage back to King David of Israel and styled himself as the Prince of Mantua and Montferrat and gave himself and his mother the surname of Gonzaga. He threw a banquet for 7000 guests in 1879 with illuminated vellum leaves of his pedigree decorating the venue. The food was strictly vegetarian and claiming to be unwell, he did not appear in person. To promote himself further he established or claimed to revive a medal instituted in the 14th century and claimed that his ancestor had awarded numerous famous artists, writers, and scientists including Raphael, Dante, Shakespeare, and Galileo. Ruskin, Tennyson, and Sir Richard Owen were duped into receiving the medal while Gladstone and Huxley refused to accept it. He claimed in 1883 that his ancestor the Duke of Mantua and Montferrat had left £750,000 for educational purposes. He read out a purported letter of thanks written by Dante on receiving a medal from his ancestor. In 1886 he claimed that his The Book of Nature and the Book of Man (1870) had converted Victor Hugo at his deathbed to Christianity.
Through misrepresentation, he had become a director of the City of Genoa Waterworks company and was sued by some of the stockholders. He settled one suit in 1888 but another suit in 1889 for £1016 led him to declare bankruptcy. It is claimed that he tried to kill mineralogist Thomas Davies (1837 - 1892) by dropping a rock on him. He died of a heart condition at his home in 18 Elgin Avenue, Maida Vale. His mother, suffering from cancer, who then went by the name of Gonzaga registered the death under Charles de Bourbon d'Este Paleologus Gonzaga, prince of Mantua and Montferrat.
Groom was a collector of minerals, plants, and fossils. He was elected Fellow of the Geological Society on 24 May 1865 but resigned in 1878. He sold 600 prints to the British Museum.
* Alleged history of the Mantua medal
# Orthetrum julia

Orthetrum julia, the Julia skimmer, is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae.

## Distribution and status

It is found in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, possibly Burundi, and possibly Madagascar.

## Habitat

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and freshwater springs.

## Similar species

Orthetrum stemmale appears similar to O. julia falsum in south-eastern Africa. The important differences are in wing details shown in the figure (left). O. julia falsum (top) has dark subcostal Ax and has one row of cells in the radial planate (generally less than 10 cells doubled - summed over the radial planates of the four wings). This example shows a single doubled cell on each wing. O. stemmale (bottom) has pale subcostal Ax and usually at least ten cells doubled in total over the four wings - this example shows three doubled cells in the radial planate of the forewing. The pterostigma of O. julia falsum is generally dark, whereas that of O. stemmale is pale.
# Otniel

Otniel (Hebrew: עָתְנִיאֵל) is an Orthodox Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located in the southern Judaean Mountains, south of Hebron, it falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. In 2022, it had a population of 1,041.
Otniel is named after the first biblical judge of Israel, Othniel Ben Kenaz; the settlement is located between the Palestinian cities of Yatta and Dahariya, adjacent to Highway 60, which connects Jerusalem and Be'er Sheva.
Othniel serves as a regional center in the Hebron Hills and hosts numerous educational institutions: a Hesder Yeshiva, a high school yeshiva, a middle school, and a regional elementary school for the children of the settlement and the surrounding area. The nearby Jewish settlements to Othniel are Beit Hagai to the north and Shim'a and Mitzpe Eshtemoa to the south.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

## History

The settlement was established in 1983 south of Beit Hagai and north of Shim'a and the Palestinian villages of as-Samu, Yatta and ad-Dhahiriya. The settlement is named after the Biblical judge Otniel Ben Knaz.

## Status under international law

The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the West Bank to violate the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of an occupying power's civilian population into occupied territory. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the Palestinian territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

## Arab-Israeli conflict

In December 2002, four students were killed and ten were wounded by Palestinian gunmen in a shooting attack on the yeshiva.
In November 2011, an Otniel resident, Rabbi Dan Mertzbach, was killed, and two women were wounded, when an Israel Defense Forces patrol, on alert for suspected militants, fired on their car as they drove to the Cave of the Patriarchs to pray in the early hours of the morning.
In January 2016, a Palestinian entered the home of Dafna Meir and stabbed her to death in front of her three children.
In July 2016, Michael Marc, a resident of Otniel, was killed and members of his family wounded in a drive-by shooting at Adorayim Junction near Otniel and Hebron. The shooter, Muhammad Faqih (aged 29) from Dura, was later arrested.

## Notable residents

* Yehuda Glick (b. 1965), Rabbi and politician
* Yakov Nagen (b. 1967), Rabbi and activist
* Re'em Ha'Cohen (b. 1957), Rabbi of Otniel
* Orit Mark Ettinger (b. 1999), media professional
# Nguyễn Thị Doan

Nguyễn Thị Doan (born 8 November 1951) is a Vietnamese educator, former legislator and Vietnamese politician, who served as Vice President of Vietnam from 2007 to 2016. Nguyễn Thị Doan is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and a deputy to the National Assembly of Vietnam for Hà Nam Province.
Nguyễn Thị Doan is a former university professor of economics. The National Assembly elected her as the Vice President, and she served from 2007 to 2016.
Nguyễn Thị Doan was born on November 1, 1951, in the northern province of Hà Nam. She entered Hanoi University of Commerce for her degree in economics in 1977 and graduated in 1979. In the same year, Mrs. Doan became a lecturer of the university. She went to Bulgaria (Ph.D. in economics in University of National and World Economy) and France (Ph.D. in business administration) for graduate studies. In 1982, she joined the Communist Party of Vietnam. Shortly after returning to Vietnam, she was appointed as the Rector of Hanoi University of Commerce.
At the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 1996, Nguyễn Thị Doan was elected to the Party's Central Committee and became a member of the Central Committee's Supervisory Commission three years later. She was re-elected to the Party's Central Committee again in the Ninth and Tenth Congresses and served as the Permanent Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Commission. She was named Vice-President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the first session of the Twelfth National Assembly on July 25, 2007.
As of September 22, 2016, she is currently the Chairwoman of the Vietnam Association for Promoting Education.
# Barbell strategy

In finance, a barbell strategy is formed when a trader invests in long- and short-duration bonds, but does not invest in intermediate-duration bonds. This strategy is useful when interest rates are rising; as the short term maturities are rolled over they receive a higher interest rate, raising the value. A contrasting strategy is the bullet strategy, which involves investing only in intermediate-term bonds.

## Concept

A barbell strategy is one of several different types of portfolio strategies that is designed to create a reasonable return on the investments that are part of the asset portfolio. The barbell strategy is built around the concept of focusing on the maturities of the securities in the portfolio by making sure the maturity dates are either very close or at a distant date. It is similar to the laddered approach.

## Application

The key to employing a barbell strategy is seeking to include bonds and other securities set to mature either in the short term or the long term. While it is always a good idea to include a mix of investments with a variety of maturation dates, this approach concentrates those dates at opposite ends of the spectrum. This means that two blocks or groups are created within the portfolio, rather than having securities that mature consistently from one period to the next.

## Benefits

The barbell strategy allows for a quick turnover of a significant amount of the assets in the portfolio at one time. For example, attention should be paid to the block of short-term investments, so they can all be rolled over into new short-term investments as they reach maturity. Typically, this leads to an increase in the value of the investments that are turned over, thus increasing the overall value of the investment portfolio.

## Theoretical results

Under simplistic assumptions about forward rates, a bar-bell portfolio comprising only the shortest dated bond and the longest on offer has been shown to maximize modified excess return.

## Variations

One variation of the barbell strategy involves investing 90% of one's assets in extremely safe instruments, such as treasury bills, with the remaining 10% being used to make diversified, speculative bets that have massive payoff potential. In other words, the strategy caps the maximum loss at 10%, while still providing exposure to huge upside. This strategy works best during periods of high inflation for three reasons: High interest rates make put options cheaper in accordance to the Black Scholes option pricing formula, stock crashes have historically occurred during periods of high interest rates (1987, 1998, 2000, 2007, etc.), and a high interest rate helps finance the trader's bankroll for when the market doesn't crash, which is most of the time. With interest rates still at zero, this strategy is much less effective. Thirty-year bonds pay more, but are volatile. Foreign and corporate bonds are also quite volatile and far from risk-free.
# Tidewater Oil Company

Tidewater Oil Company (rendered as Tide Water Oil Company from 1887 to 1936) was a major petroleum refining company during the early 20th century. After operating independently from 1887 to 1926, Tidewater was sold to a holding company. Over the decades, it passed through various corporate hands. Its various commercial brands for selling petroleum and gasoline products / fuel included Tydol, Flying A, and Veedol.
In 2011, Veedol was sold by British Petroleum to Tidewater India. Now it is part of Andrew Yule and Company's Indian group and manufactures automotive oil for the Indian market on the sub-continent of South Asia. Tidewater does not have its own refinery, so it is dependent on base oil suppliers like HPCL and BPCL. It also manufactures a wide range of automotive lubricants. Its corporate headquarters is in Los Angeles, California.

## History

Tide Water was founded in New York City in 1887. The company entered the gasoline market and by 1920 was selling gasoline, oil and other products on the East Coast of the United States under its "Tydol" brand.
In 1926, control of Tide Water Oil was sold to a new holding company, Tide Water Associated Oil Company, which also acquired a controlling interest in California's Associated Oil Company. Soon thereafter, Standard Oil Company of New Jersey took control of the company. Flying A became the primary brand name for the company, though the Tydol and Associated names were also retained in their respective marketing areas.
Tidewater Oil Company operated a fleet of oil tankers. During World War II, it chartered ships to the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration and operated T2 tankers to support the war effort. Ships included: USS Guyandot (AOG-16), SS Byron D. Benson, SS Samuel Q. Brown, Falls of Clyde, and others.
During the 1950s, the Associated and Tydol brands gradually fell into disuse, and were dropped entirely in 1956.
In 1966, Phillips Petroleum Company (now ConocoPhillips) purchased Tidewater's western refining, distribution and retailing network. Phillips immediately rebranded all Flying A stations in the region to Phillips 66. On the East Coast that year, American-born British petrol-industrialist J. Paul Getty merged his numerous oil interests into Getty Oil Company, and Tidewater Oil was dropped as a corporate brand. The Flying A brand continued to be used on the East Coast until 1970, when stations and products were renamed Getty.
In 2000, BP acquired the Veedol brand when it bought Burmah-Castrol. In February 2011, BP offered to sell the Veedol brand, which was purchased that October by Tide Water India, part of the Andrew Yule and Company Indian subsidiary.
# Lightning Command

Lightning Command (German: Die Blitzzentrale) is a 1921 German silent action film directed by and starring Valy Arnheim.

## Cast

* Valy Arnheim as Harry Hill
* Victor Colani
* Adalbert Lenz
* Marga Lindt
* John Rappeport
* Willy Zizold
# Buda, Masovian Voivodeship

Buda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Babice, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Stare Babice, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Ożarów Mazowiecki, and 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Mega journal

A mega journal (also mega-journal and megajournal) is a peer-reviewed academic open access journal designed to be much larger than a traditional journal by exercising low selectivity among accepted articles. It was pioneered by PLOS ONE. This "very lucrative publishing model" was soon emulated by other publishers.

## Definition

A mega journal has the following defining characteristics:
* broad coverage of different subject areas;
* accepting articles for publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than selecting for perceived importance; and
* using article processing charges to cover the costs of publishing, although it is also possible for a mega journal to function as a non-profit (one example is Open Library of Humanities).
Other less universal characteristics are
* "an accelerated review and publication process", "fast turnaround time";
* "academic editors", even "a large editorial board of academic editors", (instead of professional editors); and
* value-added services such as reusable graphics and data through Creative Commons licenses.
Mega journals are also online-only, with no printed version, and are fully open access, in contrast to hybrid open access journals. Some "predatory" open access publishers use the mega journal model.

## Influence

It has been suggested that the academic journal landscape might become dominated by a few mega journals in the future, at least in terms of total number of articles published. Mega journals shift the publishing industry's funding standard from the subscription-based model common to traditional closed access publications to article processing charges. Their business model may not motivate reviewers, who donate their time to "influence their field, gain exposure to the most current cutting edge research or list their service to a prestigious journal on their CVs." Finally, they may no longer serve as "fora for the exchange ... among colleagues in a particular field or sub-field", as traditionally happened in scholarly journals. To counter that indiscrimination, PLOS ONE, the prototypical megajournal, has started to "package relevant articles into subject-specific collections."

## List of mega journals

* PLOS ONE
* ACS Omega
* Scientific Reports
* SAGE Open
* Royal Society Open Science
* BMJ Open
* PeerJ
* Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins journal)
* Biology Open
* IEEE Access
* FEBS Open Bio
* AIP Advances
* G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
* Open Library of Humanities
* De Gruyter Open imprint
* Heliyon (Elsevier)
* IET The Journal of Engineering
# 32nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia

The 32nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between 1897 and 1901.
The Liberal Party led by George Henry Murray formed the government.
Frederick A. Lawrence was chosen as speaker for the house.
The assembly was dissolved on September 3, 1901.

## List of Members

| Electoral District | Name | Party | First elected / previously elected |
| Annapolis County | Joseph A. Bancroft | Liberal | 1894 |
| Annapolis County | J. W. Longley | Liberal | 1882 |
| Antigonish County | Christopher P. Chisholm | Independent | 1891 |
| Antigonish County | Angus McGillivray | Liberal | 1878, 1887, 1895 |
| County of Cape Breton | Alexander Johnston | Liberal | 1897 |
| County of Cape Breton | Arthur S. Kendall | Liberal | 1897 |
| County of Cape Breton | Neil J. Gillis (1900) | Liberal | 1900 |
| County of Cape Breton | A. Daniel McKenzie (1900) | Liberal | 1900 |
| Colchester County | Frederick Andrew Laurence | Liberal | 1886 |
| Colchester County | Thomas G. McMullen | Liberal-Conservative | 1897 |
| Cumberland County | Thomas R. Black | Liberal | 1884, 1894 |
| Cumberland County | Alexander E. Fraser | Liberal | 1894 |
| Digby County | Ambrose H. Comeau | Liberal | 1890 |
| Digby County | Angus M. Gidney | Liberal | 1895 |
| Guysborough County | William A. Ferguson | Liberal | 1897 |
| Guysborough County | John H. Sinclair | Liberal | 1894 |
| Halifax County | David McPherson | Liberal | 1897 |
| Halifax County | George Mitchell | Liberal | 1897 |
| Halifax County | William H. Wallace | Liberal | 1896 |
| Halifax County | Michael Edwin Keefe (1900) | Liberal | 1900 |
| Hants County | Arthur Drysdale | Liberal | 1891 |
| Hants County | Charles Smith Wilcox | Liberal-Conservative | 1894 |
| Inverness County | Moses J. Doucet | Liberal | 1897 |
| Inverness County | James McDonald | Liberal | 1897 |
| Kings County | Brenton H. Dodge | Liberal | 1894 |
| Kings County | Harry H. Wickwire | Liberal | 1894 |
| Lunenburg County | Charles E. Church | Liberal | 1882 |
| Lunenburg County | John D. Sperry | Liberal | 1889, 1897 |
| Pictou County | M.H. Fitzpatrick | Liberal-Conservative | 1897 |
| Pictou County | E.M. MacDonald | Liberal | 1897 |
| Pictou County | J.D. McGregor | Liberal | 1890, 1897 |
| Pictou County | Charles Elliott Tanner | Liberal-Conservative | 1894, 1900 |
| Queens County | Edward M. Farrell | Liberal | 1896 |
| Queens County | Thomas Keillor | Liberal | 1897 |
| Richmond County | Duncan Finlayson | Liberal | 1897 |
| Richmond County | Simon Joyce | Liberal | 1894 |
| Shelburne County | Thomas Johnston | Liberal | 1867, 1882 |
| Shelburne County | Thomas Robertson | Liberal | 1894 |
| Victoria County | George Henry Murray | Liberal | 1896 |
| Victoria County | John G. Morrison | Liberal | 1894 |
| Yarmouth County | William Law | Liberal | 1886 |
| Yarmouth County | Henry S. LeBlanc | Liberal | 1897 |
| Yarmouth County | Augustus F. Stoneman (1900) | Liberal | 1900 |
# Plummer's Station

Plummer's Station is a historic house on Gap Creek south of Plumerville in Conway County, Arkansas. Built about 1830 and altered several times since, it is one of the oldest surviving structures in the county. At its core is a log cabin, built by Samuel Plummer, and served as a stop on the stagecoach route between Little Rock and Fort Smith in the 19th century. The building is currently falling apart due to a lack of funding to repair it. As it sits this historical site will not last much longer. In appearance it is now an L-shaped single-story structure, sheathed in clapboards.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
# Budki, Szydłowiec County

Budki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chlewiska, within Szydłowiec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Chlewiska, 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Szydłowiec, and 112 km (70 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Argenta

Argenta may refer to:

## People

* Argenta (surname)

## Places

* Argenta, British Columbia, Canada, a settlement
* Argenta, Emilia–Romagna, Italy, a town and comune in the province of Ferrara
* Argenta, Illinois, United States, a village
* Argenta, Montana, United States, a census-designated place
* Argenta, Nevada, United States, a ghost town abandoned in 1870
* Argenta Historic District, North Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places

## Other uses

* HMS Argenta, a prison ship of the British Armed Forces Royal Navy
* Argenta (bank), a Belgian bank
* Fiat Argenta, an Italian car
# Kanabiso Pokuna Raja Maha Vihara

Kanabiso Pokuna Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: කණබිසෝ පොකුණ රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Monaragala District, Sri Lanka. The temple is located in Handapanagala village approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) distance from Wellawaya town. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 22 November 2002 under the government Gazette number 1264.

## The temple

The temple is situated on Handapanagala-Ulkanda road about 4 km (2.5 mi) off from the Wellawaya-Tissamaharama (A2) highway. It is believed that this temple was constructed by King Dutugamunu (161 BC – 137 BC). Among the archaeological remains a ruined Stupa, scattered stone columns, and two dripledged caves are identified. The Stupa is almost in the dilapidated state, resembling a large mound of earth.