# Jacksonville, North Carolina

Jacksonville is a city in Onslow County, North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,723, which makes Jacksonville the 14th-most populous city in North Carolina. Jacksonville is the county seat and most populous community of Onslow County, which is coterminous with the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Demographically, Jacksonville is the youngest city in the United States, with an average age of 22.8 years old, which can be attributed to the large military presence. The low age may also be in part due to the population drastically increasing over the past 80 years, from 783 in the 1930 census to 72,723 in the 2020 census.
It is the home of the United States Marine Corps' Camp Lejeune and New River Air Station. Jacksonville is located adjacent to North Carolina's Crystal Coast area.

## History

The end of the Tuscarora wars in 1713 and the forced removal of Native American tribes was followed by permanent settlement of the regions between New Bern and Wilmington. The New River became a major production center for naval stores like turpentine. The downtown waterfront park is built on the site original site of Wantland's Ferry.
In 1752, a devastating hurricane destroyed the county seat of Johnston, and Wantlands Ferry, located further up the New River, at the present site of Jacksonville, was chosen as the site of the new county courthouse. The area was later known as Onslow Courthouse. In 1842, the town was incorporated and renamed Jacksonville in honor of former U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The town was briefly captured and occupied in November 1862 by a raiding party led by U.S. Navy Lt. William B. Cushing.
Jacksonville and Onslow County continued to rely on naval stores, lumber, and tobacco crops for industry. In 1939, Colonel George W. Gillette of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers surveyed and mapped the area from Fort Monroe, Virginia to Fort Sumter, South Carolina which included the Onslow County coastline and the New River. The map is believed to have fostered the interest of the War and Navy Departments in establishing an amphibious training base in the area. Congressman Graham Arthur Barden of New Bern lobbied Congress to appropriate funds for the purchase of about 100,000 acres (400 km$^2$) along the eastern bank of the New River. The establishment in 1941 of Marine Barracks, New River, later renamed Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, led to the relocation of 700 families. While the landowners were compensated, many of the families displaced were sharecroppers who did not own the land on which their houses were built, and did not receive compensation for their structures. Some African American families were able to purchase property from Raymond Kellum and established the community of Kellumtown. Other displaced families established communities in Georgetown, Pickettown, Bell Fork, and Sandy Run. The latter communities have since been absorbed by Jacksonville. Colonel Gillette had planned to retire near the small village of Marine, ironically named after a local family whose surname was Marine, but lost his land to the acquisition, as well.
Construction of Camp Lejeune caused a population explosion in the small town of about 800 inhabitants, as new workers migrated to the area. Growth continued to be fueled by both young Marine families and military retirees. Today, Jacksonville's primary industry is retail sales and services. The primary migration draw continues to be the U.S. Marine Corps.
The Bank of Onslow and Jacksonville Masonic Temple, Mill Avenue Historic District, and Pelletier House and Wantland Spring are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2016, Jacksonville became the first jurisdiction to adopt a paid holiday honoring the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which made slavery in the United States and its territories illegal. The resolution of adoption mentions "the prevention of the modern slavery" which it describes as "human trafficking", including child labor and military service.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.42 square miles (146.1 km$^2$), of which 48.80 square miles (126.4 km$^2$) is land and 7.62 square miles (19.7 km$^2$) (13.51%) is water. It is about 60 minutes from Wilmington and 15 minutes from the Intracoastal Waterway.

### Climate

Climate data for Jacksonville, North Carolina (Marine Corps Air Station New River) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) | 94 (34) | 92 (33) | 95 (35) | 99 (37) | 101 (38) | 102 (39) | 101 (38) | 97 (36) | 95 (35) | 89 (32) | 82 (28) | 102 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 74.8 (23.8) | 77.4 (25.2) | 82.6 (28.1) | 86.6 (30.3) | 91.6 (33.1) | 95.8 (35.4) | 96.3 (35.7) | 95.2 (35.1) | 91.6 (33.1) | 86.3 (30.2) | 81.0 (27.2) | 75.9 (24.4) | 97.5 (36.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.0 (13.3) | 59.3 (15.2) | 65.8 (18.8) | 74.0 (23.3) | 80.4 (26.9) | 86.5 (30.3) | 89.3 (31.8) | 87.8 (31.0) | 83.3 (28.5) | 75.0 (23.9) | 66.2 (19.0) | 59.0 (15.0) | 73.5 (23.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 45.6 (7.6) | 48.4 (9.1) | 54.5 (12.5) | 62.9 (17.2) | 70.4 (21.3) | 77.5 (25.3) | 80.9 (27.2) | 79.6 (26.4) | 74.9 (23.8) | 64.9 (18.3) | 55.1 (12.8) | 48.7 (9.3) | 63.6 (17.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 35.2 (1.8) | 37.5 (3.1) | 43.1 (6.2) | 51.8 (11.0) | 60.5 (15.8) | 68.5 (20.3) | 72.5 (22.5) | 71.4 (21.9) | 66.5 (19.2) | 54.8 (12.7) | 44.0 (6.7) | 38.4 (3.6) | 53.7 (12.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 18.3 (−7.6) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 26.5 (−3.1) | 34.5 (1.4) | 46.6 (8.1) | 57.0 (13.9) | 64.3 (17.9) | 62.9 (17.2) | 54.6 (12.6) | 37.8 (3.2) | 27.8 (−2.3) | 23.8 (−4.6) | 16.2 (−8.8) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 0 (−18) | 9 (−13) | 12 (−11) | 25 (−4) | 33 (1) | 45 (7) | 54 (12) | 54 (12) | 44 (7) | 24 (−4) | 19 (−7) | −5 (−21) | −5 (−21) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.96 (101) | 3.50 (89) | 3.79 (96) | 3.35 (85) | 4.20 (107) | 5.24 (133) | 6.18 (157) | 7.48 (190) | 7.45 (189) | 4.13 (105) | 3.55 (90) | 3.68 (93) | 56.51 (1,435) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (1.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 127.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Jacksonville racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 38,661 | 53.16% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 12,728 | 17.5% |
| Native American | 334 | 0.46% |
| Asian | 2,358 | 3.24% |
| Pacific Islander | 432 | 0.59% |
| Other/mixed | 4,670 | 6.42% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 13,540 | 18.62% |
As of the 2020 census, 72,723 people, 21,986 households, and 15,491 families resided in the city.

### 2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 66,715 people, 17,175 households, and 13,533 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,500.0 inhabitants per square mile (579.2/km$^2$). The 18,312 housing units averaged 411.7 per square mile (159.0/km$^2$). The racial composition of the city was 63.94% White, 23.96% African American, 2.07% Asian, 0.75% Native American, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 5.42% some other race, and 3.67% two or more races.
Of the 17,175 households, 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were not families. About 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.8
In the city, the population was distributed as 24.3% under 18, 36.3% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 8.8% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was 22 years. Jacksonville has been named the youngest city in the nation (lowest median age) on various lists. For every 100 females, there were 156.2 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 178.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,544, and for a family was $33,763. Males had a median income of $17,121 versus $19,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,237. About 12.5% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy
### Top employers

According to the city's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
| 1 | United States Department of Defense | 1000+ |
| 2 | Onslow County Schools | 1000+ |
| 3 | Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune | 1000+ |
| 4 | Onslow Memorial Hospital | 1000+ |
| 5 | Onslow County | 1000+ |
| 6 | Walmart | 1000+ |
| 7 | Coastal Carolina Community College | 500–999 |
| 8 | Convergys | 500–999 |
| 9 | City of Jacksonville | 500–999 |
| 10 | Food Lion | 250–499 |
| 11 | Coastal Enterprises | 250–499 |
| 12 | McDonald's | 250–499 |
| 13 | Lowe's | 250–499 |
| 14 | Alorica | 250–499 |
| 15 | Stanadyne | 250–499 |

## Law and government

The mayor of Jacksonville is Sammy Phillips. The city manager is Joshua W Ray, and the deputy city manager is Ron Massey. The postmaster of Jacksonville is Jamie Thompson.

### City Council

The Jacksonville City Council members (as of 2024) are:
* Brian Jackson – Ward 1
* Jerry Bitner – Ward 2 (mayor pro-tem)
* Logan Sosa – Ward 3
* Dr Angelia Washington – Ward 4
* Cindy Edwards – At-large
* Robert Warden – At-large

## Education
### Public schools

Onslow County Schools serves the city, except for areas on U.S. military bases, including Camp Lejeune and Marine Corps Air Station New River; the military areas are served by Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools.
Alternative school
* Onslow County Learning Center
Elementary schools
* Bell Fork Elementary School
* Blue Creek Elementary School
* Carolina Forest Elementary School
* Clyde Erwin Elementary School
* Hunters Creek Elementary School
* Jacksonville Commons Elementary School
* MeadowView Elementary School
* Morton Elementary School
* Northwoods Elementary School
* Parkwood Elementary School
* Silverdale Elementary School
* Southwest Elementary School
* Stateside Elementary School
* Summersill Elementary School
* Thompson Elementary School
* Dixon Elementary School
Middle schools
* Dixon Middle School
* Hunters Creek Middle School
* Jacksonville Commons Middle School
* Northwoods Park Middle School
* New Bridge Middle School
* Southwest Middle School
High schools
* Dixon High School
* Jacksonville High School
* Northside High School
* Richlands High School
* Southwest High School
* White Oak High School
* Swansboro High School
MCAS New River is zoned to Delalio Elementary School in MCAS New River and Brewster Middle School and Lejeune High School in Camp Lejeune.

### Private schools

* Fellowship Christian Academy
* Grace Baptist School
* Infant Of Prague Catholic School
* Jacksonville Christian Academy
* Living Water Christian School
* Montessori Children's School
* St. Anne's Day School
* Shiloh Institute of Learning
* One World Montessori School

### Public magnet schools

* Clyde Erwin Elementary School (year round school)
* New Bridge Middle School
* Northwoods Elementary School (year round school)
* Onslow Virtual Secondary School

### Higher education

* Coastal Carolina Community College
* Miller-Motte Technical College - Jacksonville branch
* University of Mount Olive - Jacksonville branch

### Charter school

* ZECA School of Arts and Technology

## Transportation

In 2009, the Jacksonville metropolitan statistical area ranked as the ninth-highest in the United States for ratio of commuters who walked to work (8.1%).
The city's commercial air services are filled by Albert J. Ellis Airport in nearby Richlands.

## Notable people

* David Charles Abell, conductor (born in Jacksonville)
* Ryan Adams, singer-songwriter, who frequently makes reference to Jacksonville in his songs
* Jones Angell, play-by-play announcer for the North Carolina Tar Heels
* Troy Barnett, former NFL defensive lineman
* Art Bell, talk radio host
* David Braxton, former NFL player
* Levi Brown, former NFL offensive tackle
* Joe Cannon, former MLB outfielder
* Devan Carroll, soccer player
* Burke Day, Georgia state legislator and businessman
* Edward B. Dudley, governor, congressman
* Dave Dunaway, former NFL player
* Jacob Evans, NBA player
* Chad Fonville, former MLB player for the Montreal Expos, Los Angeles Dodgers, Chicago White Sox, and Boston Red Sox
* Mike Frier, former NFL player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Seattle Seahawks
* David Green, former NFL and CFL player
* Sara Hickman, singer
* Marcus Jones, former NFL player for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
* Christina Koch, engineer and NASA astronaut
* Qasim Mitchell, former NFL player
* Quincy Monk, former NFL player
* Donte Paige-Moss, former AFL player
* Michael R. Nelson, former mayor of Carrboro and first openly gay mayor in North Carolina
* Dian Parkinson, television personality and model
* Danielle Peck, singer
* Andre Purvis, former NFL player for the Cincinnati Bengals
* A.J. Styles, professional wrestler
* Tyrone Willingham, former head football coach at University of Washington and the University of Notre Dame