# List of state leaders in the 2020s

This is a list of state leaders in the 2020s (2020 to today), such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 21st century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

## Africa
### Africa: Central

* Angola
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * João Lourenço, President (2017–present)
* Cameroon
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Paul Biya, President (1982–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Joseph Ngute, Prime minister (2019–present)
* Central African Republic
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Firmin Ngrébada, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Henri-Marie Dondra, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Félix Moloua, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Chad
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Idriss Déby, President of the Republic (1991–2021)
      * Mahamat Déby, President of the Transitional Military Council (2021–2022)
      * Mahamat Déby, Transitional president of the Republic (2022–2024)
      * Mahamat Déby, President of the Republic (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Albert Pahimi Padacké, Prime minister (2016–2018, 2021–2022)
      * Saleh Kebzabo, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Succès Masra, Prime minister (2024)
      * Allamaye Halina, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Félix Tshisekedi, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Sylvestre Ilunga, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Sama Lukonde, Prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Judith Suminwa, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Republic of the Congo
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1979–1992, 1997–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Clément Mouamba, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Anatole Collinet Makosso, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Equatorial Guinea
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1982–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, Prime minister (2016–2023)
      * Manuela Roka Botey, Prime minister (2023–2024)
      * Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Gabon
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ali Bongo, President (2009–2023)
      * Brice Oligui Nguema, Transitional president (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Julien Nkoghe Bekale, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Rose Christiane Raponda, Prime minister (2020–2023)
      * Alain Claude Bilie By Nze, Prime minister (2023)
      * Raymond Ndong Sima, Prime minister (2012–2014, 2023–present)
* São Tomé and Príncipe
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Evaristo Carvalho, President (2016–2021)
      * Carlos Vila Nova, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Jorge Bom Jesus, Prime minister (2018–2022)
      * Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2008, 2010–2012, 2014–18, 2022–2025)
      * Ilza Amado Vaz, Prime minister (2025)
      * Américo Ramos, Prime minister (2025–present)

### Africa: East

* Burundi
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Pierre Nkurunziza, President (2005–2020)
      * Évariste Ndayishimiye, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Gervais Ndirakobuca, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Comoros
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Azali Assoumani, President (2002–2006, 2016–2019, 2019–present)
* Djibouti
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime minister (2013–present)
* Eritrea
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)
* Ethiopia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Sahle-Work Zewde, President (2018–2024)
      * Taye Atske Selassie, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Abiy Ahmed, Prime minister (2018–present)
* Kenya
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Uhuru Kenyatta, President (2013–2022)
      * William Ruto, President (2022–present)
* Madagascar
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Andry Rajoelina, President (2019–2023)
      * Christian Ntsay, Acting president (2023)
      * Richard Ravalomanana, Acting president (2023)
      * Andry Rajoelina, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Christian Ntsay, Prime minister (2018–present)
* Mauritius
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Prithvirajsing Roopun, President (2019–2024)
      * Dharam Gokhool, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Pravind Jugnauth, Prime minister (2017–2024)
      * Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Rwanda
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Édouard Ngirente, Prime minister (2017–present)
* Seychelles
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Danny Faure, President (2016–2020)
      * Wavel Ramkalawan, President (2020–present)
* Somalia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, President (2017–2022)
      * Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President (2022−present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Hassan Ali Khaire, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid, Acting Prime minister (2020)
      * Mohamed Hussein Roble, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Hamza Abdi Barre, Prime minister (2022−present)
* Somaliland
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Muse Bihi Abdi, President (2017–2024)
      * Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, President (2024–present)
* South Sudan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Salva Kiir Mayardit, President (2011–present)
* Tanzania
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * John Magufuli, President (2015–2021)
      * Samia Suluhu Hassan, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Kassim Majaliwa, Prime minister (2015–present)
* Uganda
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ruhakana Rugunda, Prime minister (2014–2021)
      * Robinah Nabbanja, Prime minister (2021–present)

### Africa: Northcentral

* Libya
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Aguila Saleh Issa, contesting President of the House of Representatives (2014–present)
      * Presidential Council (2016–present)
         * Fayez al-Sarraj, Chairman (2016–2021)
         * Mohamed al-Menfi, Chairman (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Fayez al-Sarraj, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Tunisia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Kais Saied, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Youssef Chahed, Head of government (2016–2020)
      * Elyes Fakhfakh, Head of government (2020)
      * Hichem Mechichi, Head of government (2020–2021)
      * Najla Bouden, Head of government (2021–2023)
      * Ahmed Hachani, Head of government (2023–2024)
      * Kamel Madouri, Head of government (2024–present)

### Africa: Northeast

* Egypt
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President (2014–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Moustafa Madbouly, Prime minister (2018–present)
* Sudan
   * Presidents (complete list)
      * Sovereignty Council of Sudan (2019–2021)
      * Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council (2021–present)
   * Prime Minister (complete list)
      * Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister (2019–2021, 2021–2022)
      * Osman Hussein, Prime Minister (2022–present)

### Africa: Northwest

* Algeria
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President (2019–present)
   * Prime Ministers (complete list) –
      * Abdelaziz Djerad, Prime Minister (2019–2021)
      * Aymen Benabderrahmane, Prime Minister (2021–2023)
      * Nadir Larbaoui, Prime Minister (2023–present)
* Morocco
   * Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –
      * Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)
   * Prime Ministers (complete list) –
      * Saadeddine Othmani, Prime Minister (2017–2021)
      * Aziz Akhannouch, Prime Minister (2021–present)
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Brahim Ghali, President (2016–present)
   * Prime Ministers (complete list) –
      * Mohamed Wali Akeik, Prime Minister (2018–2020)
      * Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister (2020–present)

### Africa: South

* Botswana (complete list) –
   * Mokgweetsi Masisi, President (2018–2024)
   * Duma Boko, President (2024–present)
* Eswatini
   * Kings (complete list) –
      * Mswati III, King (1986–present)
   * tiNdlovukati (complete list) –
      * Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Themba N. Masuku, Acting prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Cleopas Dlamini, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Mgwagwa Gamedze, Acting prime minister (2023)
      * Russell Dlamini, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Lesotho
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Tom Thabane, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Moeketsi Majoro, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Sam Matekane, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Malawi (complete list) –
   * Peter Mutharika, President (2014–2020)
   * Lazarus Chakwera, President (2020–present)
* Mozambique
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Filipe Nyusi, President (2015–2025)
      * Daniel Chapo, President (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, Prime minister (2015–2022)
      * Adriano Maleiane, Prime minister (2022–2025)
      * Maria Benvinda Levy, Prime minister (2025–present)
* Namibia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Hage Geingob, President (2015–2024)
      * Nangolo Mbumba, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Saara Kuugongelwa, Prime minister (2015–present)
* South Africa (complete list) –
   * Cyril Ramaphosa, President (2018–present)
* Zambia (complete list) –
   * Edgar Lungu, President (2015–2021)
   * Hakainde Hichilema, President (2021–present)
* Zimbabwe
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Emmerson Mnangagwa, President (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
          post currently abolished

### Africa: West

* Benin
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Patrice Talon, President (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
          post currently abolished
* Burkina Faso
   * Heads of State (complete list) –
      * Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022)
      * Ibrahim Traoré, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President (2015–2022)
      * Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Interim President (2022)
      * Ibrahim Traoré, Interim President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Lassina Zerbo, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Albert Ouédraogo, Prime minister (2022)
      * Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Cape Verde
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Jorge Carlos Fonseca, President (2011–2021)
      * José Maria Neves, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ulisses Correia e Silva, Prime minister (2016–present)
* Gambia (complete list) –
   * Adama Barrow, President (2017–present)
* Ghana (complete list) –
      * Nana Akufo-Addo, President (2017–2025)
      * John Mahama, President (2025–present)
* Guinea
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Alpha Condé, President (2010–2021)
      * Mamady Doumbouya, Interim President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ibrahima Kassory Fofana, Prime minister (2018–2021)
      * Mohamed Béavogui, Interim Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Bernard Goumou, Interim Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Bah Oury, Interim Prime minister (2024–present)
* Guinea-Bissau
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * José Mário Vaz, President (2014–2020)
      * Umaro Sissoco Embaló, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Aristides Gomes, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Nuno Gomes Nabiam, Prime minister (2020–2023)
      * Geraldo Martins, Prime minister (2023)
      * Rui Duarte de Barros, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Ivory Coast
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Alassane Ouattara, President (2010–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Amadou Gon Coulibaly, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Hamed Bakayoko, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Patrick Achi, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Robert Beugré Mambé, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Liberia (complete list) –
   * George Weah, President (2018–2024)
   * Joseph Boakai, President (2024–present)
* Mali
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, President (2013–2020)
      * Assimi Goïta, Head of State (2020)
      * Bah Ndaw, Acting President (2020–2021)
      * Assimi Goïta, Acting President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Boubou Cisse, Prime Minister (2019–2020)
      * Moctar Ouane, Acting Prime Minister (2020–2021)
      * Choguel Kokalla Maïga, Prime Minister (2021–2022, 2022-2024)
      * Abdoulaye Maïga, Acting Prime minister (2022, 2024–present)
* Mauritania
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ismail Ould Bedde Ould Cheikh Sidiya, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Mohamed Ould Bilal, Prime minister (2020–2024)
      * Mokhtar Ould Djay, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Niger
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mahamadou Issoufou, President (2011–2021)
      * Mohamed Bazoum, President (2021–2023)
      * Abdourahamane Tchiani, President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Brigi Rafini, Prime minister (2011–2021)
      * Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Ali Lamine Zeine, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Nigeria: Fourth Republic (complete list) –
   * Muhammadu Buhari, President (2015–2023)
   * Bola Tinubu, President (2023–present)
* Senegal
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Macky Sall, President (2012–2024)
      * Bassirou Diomaye Faye, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Amadou Ba, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Sidiki Kaba, Prime minister (2024)
      * Ousmane Sonko, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Sierra Leone
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Julius Maada Bio, President (2018–present)
   * Chief ministers (complete list) –
      * David J. Francis, Chief minister (2018–2021)
      * Jacob Jusu Saffa, Chief minister (2021–2023)
      * David Moinina Sengeh, Chief minister (2023–present)
* Togo
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Komi Sélom Klassou, Prime minister (2015–2020)
      * Victoire Tomegah Dogbé, Prime minister (2020–present)

## Americas
### Americas: Caribbean

* Antigua and Barbuda
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Gaston Browne, Prime minister (2014–present)
* Aruba (complete list) –
    Constituent country 2010–present
    See the Netherlands under Europe: West
* The Bahamas
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Hubert Minnis, Prime minister (2017–2021)
      * Philip Davis, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Barbados
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–2021)
      * Sandra Mason, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mia Mottley, Prime minister (2018–present)
* Cuba
   * First secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list)
      * Raúl Castro, First secretary (2011–2021)
      * Miguel Díaz-Canel, First secretary (2021–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Miguel Díaz-Canel, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Manuel Marrero Cruz, Prime minister (2019–present)
* Curaçao (complete list) –
    Constituent country 2010–present
    See the Netherlands under Europe: West
* Dominica
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Charles Savarin, President (2013–2023)
      * Sylvanie Burton, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime minister (2004–present)
* Dominican Republic (complete list) –
   * Danilo Medina, President (2012–2020)
   * Luis Abinader, President (2020–present)
* Grenada
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008; 2013–2022)
      * Dickon Mitchell, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Haiti
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Jovenel Moïse, President (2017–2021)
      * Council of Ministers (2021–2024)
      * Transitional Presidential Council, chaired by Edgard Leblanc Fils (2024)
      * Transitional Presidential Council, chaired by Leslie Voltaire (2024–2025)
      * Transitional Presidential Council, chaired by Fritz Jean (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Jean-Michel Lapin, Acting prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Joseph Jouthe, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Claude Joseph, Acting prime minister (2021)
      * Ariel Henry, Acting prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Michel Patrick Boisvert, Acting prime minister (2024)
      * Garry Conille, Acting prime minister (2024)
      * Alix Didier Fils-Aimé, Acting prime minister (2024–present)
* Jamaica
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Andrew Holness, Prime minister (2011–2012; 2016–present)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Timothy Harris, Prime minister (2015–2022)
      * Terrance Drew, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Saint Lucia
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Allen Chastanet, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Philip J. Pierre, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Sint Maarten (complete list) –
    Constituent country 2010–present
    See the Netherlands under Europe: West
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ralph Gonsalves, Prime minister (2001–present)
* Trinidad and Tobago
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Paula-Mae Weekes, President (2018–2023)
      * Christine Kangaloo, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Keith Rowley, Prime minister (2015–2025)
      * Stuart Young, Prime minister (2025–present)

### Americas: Central

* Belize
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Dean Barrow, Prime minister (2008–2020)
      * Johnny Briceño, Prime minister (2020–present)
* Costa Rica (complete list) –
   * Carlos Alvarado Quesada, President (2018–2022)
   * Rodrigo Chaves Robles, President (2022–present)
* El Salvador (complete list) –
   * Nayib Bukele, President (2019–present)
   * Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, acting president (2023–2024)
* Guatemala (complete list) –
   * Jimmy Morales, President (2016–2020)
   * Alejandro Giammattei, President (2020–2024)
   * Bernardo Arévalo, President (2024–present)
* Honduras (complete list) –
   * Juan Orlando Hernández, President (2014–2022)
   * Xiomara Castro, President (2022–present)
* Nicaragua (complete list) –
   * Daniel Ortega, President (2007–2025)
   * Daniel Ortega, Co-President (2025-present)
   * Rosario Murillo, Co-President (2025-present)
* Panama (complete list) –
   * Laurentino Cortizo, President (2019–2024)
   * José Raúl Mulino, President (2024–present)

### Americas: North

* Canada
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Justin Trudeau, Prime minister (2015–2025)
      * Mark Carney, Prime minister (2025–)
* Mexico (complete list) –
   * Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President (2018–2024)
   * Claudia Sheinbaum, President (2024–present)
* United States (complete list) –
   * Donald Trump, President (2017–2021)
   * Joe Biden, President (2021–2025)
   * Donald Trump, President (2025–present)

### Americas: South

* Argentina (complete list) –
   * Alberto Fernandez, President (2019–2023)
   * Javier Milei, President (2023–present)
* Bolivia (complete list) –
   * Jeanine Áñez, President (2019–2020)
   * Luis Arce, President (2020–present)
* Brazil (complete list) –
   * Jair Bolsonaro, President (2019–2023)
   * Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President (2023–present)
* Chile (complete list) –
   * Sebastián Piñera, President (2018–2022)
   * Gabriel Boric, President (2022–present)
* Colombia (complete list) –
   * Iván Duque Márquez, President (2018–2022)
   * Gustavo Petro, President (2022–present)
* Ecuador (complete list) –
   * Lenín Moreno, President (2017–2021)
   * Guillermo Lasso, President (2021–2023)
   * Daniel Noboa, President (2023–present)
* Guyana
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * David A. Granger, President (2015–2020)
      * Irfaan Ali, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Moses Nagamootoo, Prime minister (2015–2020)
      * Mark Phillips, Prime minister (2020–present)
* Paraguay (complete list) –
   * Mario Abdo Benítez, President (2018–2023)
   * Santiago Peña, President (2023–present)
* Peru
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Martín Vizcarra, Constitutional President (2018–2020)
      * Manuel Merino, Constitutional President (2020)
      * Francisco Sagasti, Constitutional President (2020–2021)
      * Pedro Castillo, Constitutional President (2021–2022)
      * Dina Boluarte, Constitutional President (2022–present)
   * Prime minister (complete list) –
      * Vicente Zeballos, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Walter Martos, Prime minister (2020)
      * Ántero Flores Aráoz, Prime minister (2020)
      * Violeta Bermúdez, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Guido Bellido, Prime minister (2021)
      * Mirtha Vásquez, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Héctor Valer, Prime minister (2022)
      * Aníbal Torres, Prime minister (2022)
      * Betssy Chávez, Prime minister (2022)
      * Pedro Angulo Arana, Prime minister (2022)
      * Alberto Otárola, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Gustavo Adrianzén, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Suriname (complete list) –
   * Dési Bouterse, President (2010–2021)
   * Chan Santokhi, President (2021–present)
* Uruguay (complete list) –
   * Tabaré Vázquez, President (2015–2020)
   * Luis Lacalle Pou, President (2020–2025)
   * Yamandú Orsi, President (2025–present)
* Venezuela (complete list) –
   * Nicolás Maduro, President (2013–present; disputed since 2019)
   * Juan Guaidó, Acting President (2019–2023; disputed with Nicolás Maduro)
   * Edmundo González Urrutia, President (2025–present; disputed with Nicolás Maduro)

## Asia
### Asia: Central

* Kazakhstan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Askar Mamin, Prime minister (2019–2022)
      * Alihan Smaiylov, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Roman Sklyar, Acting Prime minister (2024)
      * Oljas Bektenov, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Kyrgyzstan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Sooronbay Jeenbekov, President (2017–2020)
      * Sadyr Japarov, Acting President (2020)
      * Talant Mamytov, Acting President (2020–2021)
      * Sadyr Japarov, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Kubatbek Boronov, Prime minister (2020)
      * Sadyr Japarov, Prime minister (2020)
      * Artem Novikov, Acting Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Ulukbek Maripov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (2021)
      * Akylbek Japarov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (2021–2024)
      * Adylbek Kasymaliev, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (2024–present)
* Tajikistan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Emomali Rahmon, Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (1992–1994), President (1994–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime minister (2013–present)
* Turkmenistan (complete list) –
   * Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Acting President (2006–2007), President (2007–2022)
   * Serdar Berdimuhamedow, President (2022–present)
* Uzbekistan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Abdulla Aripov, Prime minister (2016–present)

### Asia: East

* China
   * Chairmen and general secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) –
      * Xi Jinping, General secretary and paramount leader (2012–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Xi Jinping, President (2013–present)
   * Premiers (complete list) –
      * Li Keqiang, Premier (2013–2023)
      * Li Qiang, Premier (2023–present)
* Japan
   * Emperors (complete list) –
      * Naruhito, Emperor (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Shinzo Abe, Prime minister (2006–2007; 2012–2020)
      * Yoshihide Suga, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Fumio Kishida, Prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Shigeru Ishiba, Prime minister (2024–present)
* North Korea
   * Leaders of the Workers' Party (complete list) –
      * Kim Jong Un, Chairman (2016–2021)
      * Kim Jong Un, General secretary (2021–present)
   * President of the State Affairs Commission (complete list)
      * Kim Jong Un, President of the State Affairs Commission (2016–present)
   * Premiers (complete list) –
      * Kim Jae-ryong, Premier (2019–2020)
      * Kim Tok-hun, Premier (2020–2024)
      * Pak Thae-song, Premier (2024–present)
* South Korea
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Moon Jae-in, President (2017–2022)
      * Yoon Suk Yeol, President (2022–present)
      * Han Duck-soo, Acting president (2024)
      * Choi Sang-mok, Acting president (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Lee Nak-yon, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Chung Sye-kyun, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Hong Nam-ki, Acting prime minister (2021)
      * Kim Boo-kyum, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Choo Kyung-ho, Acting prime minister (2022)
      * Han Duck-soo, Prime minister (2022–present)
      * Choi Sang-mok, Acting prime minister (2024–present)
* Mongolia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Khaltmaagiin Battulga, President (2017–2021)
      * Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, Prime minister (2017–2021)
      * Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Taiwan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Tsai Ing-wen, President (2016–2024)
      * Lai Ching-te, President (2024–present)
   * Premiers (complete list) –
      * Su Tseng-chang, Premier (2006–2007; 2019–2023)
      * Chen Chien-jen, Premier (2023–2024)
      * Cho Jung-tai, Premier (2024–present)

### Asia: Southeast

* Brunei (complete list) –
   * Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan (1967–present)
* Cambodia
   * Kings (complete list) –
      * Norodom Sihamoni, King (2004–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Hun Sen, Prime minister (1998–2023)
      * Hun Manet, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Indonesia (complete list) –
   * Joko Widodo, President (2014–2024)
   * Prabowo Subianto, President (2024–present)
* Laos
   * General Secretaries (complete list) –
      * Bounnhang Vorachit, President (2016–2021)
      * Thongloun Sisoulith, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Thongloun Sisoulith, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Phankham Viphavanh, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Sonexay Siphandone, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Malaysia
   * Elected monarchs (complete list) –
      * Abdullah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2019–2024)
      * Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mahathir Mohamad, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Muhyiddin Yassin, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Ismail Sabri Yaakob, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Anwar Ibrahim, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Myanmar (2011–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Win Myint, President (2018–2021)
      * Myint Swe, Acting President (2021–2024)
      * Min Aung Hlaing, Acting President (2024–present)
   * State counsellors (complete list) –
      * Position created 2016
      * Aung San Suu Kyi, State Counsellor (2016–2021)
      * Vacant since 2021
      * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Position created 2021
      * Min Aung Hlaing, Prime minister (2021–present)
   * Chairmen of the State Administration Council
      * Position created 2021
      * Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman (2021–present)
* Philippines
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Rodrigo Duterte, President (2016–2022)
      * Bongbong Marcos, President (2022−present)
* Singapore
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Halimah Yacob, President (2017–2023)
      * Tharman Shanmugaratnam, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Lee Hsien Loong, Prime minister (2004–2024)
      * Lawrence Wong, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Thailand
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Vajiralongkorn, King (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime minister (2014–2022)
      * Prawit Wongsuwon, Acting Prime minister (2022)
      * Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime minister (2022–2023)
      * Srettha Thavisin, Prime minister (2023–2024)
      * Phumtham Wechayachai, Acting Prime minister (2024)
      * Paetongtarn Shinawatra, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Timor-Leste
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Francisco Guterres, President (2017–2022)
      * José Ramos-Horta, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Taur Matan Ruak, Prime minister (2018–2023)
      * Xanana Gusmão, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Vietnam
   * General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –
      * Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary (2011–2024)
      * Tô Lâm, General Secretary (2024–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Nguyễn Phú Trọng, President (2018–2021)
      * Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, President (2021–2023)
      * Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, Acting President (2023)
      * Võ Văn Thưởng, President (2023–2024)
      * Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, Acting President (2024)
      * Tô Lâm, President (2024)
      * Lương Cường, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Phạm Minh Chính, Prime minister (2021–present)

### Asia: South

* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ashraf Ghani, President (2014–2021)
   * Chief executive officers
      * Abdullah Abdullah (2014–2020)
* Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
   * Supreme leaders (complete list) –
      * Hibatullah Akhundzada (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers –
      * Hasan Akhund (acting, 2021–present)
      * Abdul Kabir (acting, 2023)
* Bangladesh
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mohammad Abdul Hamid, President (2013–2023)
      * Mohammed Shahabuddin, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers and Chief advisers (complete list) –
      * Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (2009–2024)
      * Muhammad Yunus, Chief adviser (2024–present)
* Bhutan
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (2006–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Lotay Tshering, Prime minister (2018–2023)
      * Tshering Tobgay, Prime minister (2024–present)
* India
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ram Nath Kovind, President (2017–2022)
      * Droupadi Murmu, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Narendra Modi, Prime minister (2014–present)
* Maldives (complete list) –
   * Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, President (2018–2023)
   * Mohamed Muizzu, President (2023–present)
* Nepal
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Bidya Devi Bhandari, President (2015–2023)
      * Ram Chandra Poudel, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Khadga Prasad Oli, Prime minister (2018–2021)
      * Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Khadga Prasad Oli, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Pakistan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Arif Alvi, President (2018–2024)
      * Asif Ali Zardari, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Imran Khan, Prime minister (2018–2022)
      * Shehbaz Sharif, Prime minister (2022–2023)
      * Anwar ul Haq Kakar, Caretaker Prime minister (2023–2024)
      * Shehbaz Sharif, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Sri Lanka
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Gotabaya Rajapaksa, President (2019–2022)
      * Ranil Wickremesinghe, President (2022–2024)
      * Anura Kumara Dissanayake, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime minister (2019–2022)
      * Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2022)
      * Dinesh Gunawardena, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Harini Amarasuriya, Prime minister (2024–present)

### Asia: West

* Bahrain
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir (1999–2002), King (2002–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–2020)
      * Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Prime minister (2020–present)
* Cyprus (complete list) –
   * Nicos Anastasiades, President (2013–2023)
   * Nikos Christodoulides, President (2023–present)
* Northern Cyprus
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mustafa Akıncı, President (2015–2020)
      * Ersin Tatar, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ersin Tatar, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Ersan Saner, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Faiz Sucuoğlu, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Ünal Üstel, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Iran
   * Supreme Leaders (complete list) –
      * Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–present)
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ebrahim Raisi, President (2021–2024)
      * Mohammad Mokhber, Acting President (2024)
      * Masoud Pezeshkian, President (2024–present)
* Iraq
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Barham Salih, President (2018–2022)
      * Abdul Latif Rashid, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Adil Abdul-Mahdi, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Israel
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Reuven Rivlin, President (2014–2021)
      * Isaac Herzog, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (2009–2021)
      * Naftali Bennett, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Yair Lapid, Prime minister (2022)
      * Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Jordan
   * Kings (complete list) –
      * Abdullah II, King (1999–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Omar Razzaz, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Bisher Khasawneh, Prime minister (2020–2024)
      * Jafar Hassan, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Kuwait
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Sabah IV, Emir (2006–2020)
      * Nawaf I, Emir (2020–2023)
      * Mishal I, Emir (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Sabah Al-Khalid, Prime minister (2019–2022)
      * Ahmad Nawaf, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Mohammad Sabah, Prime minister (2024)
      * Ahmad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Lebanon
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Michel Aoun, President (2016–2022)
      * Najib Mikati, Acting President (2022–2025)
      * Joseph Aoun, President (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Saad Hariri, Prime minister (2016–2020)
      * Hassan Diab, Prime minister (2020), caretaker Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2021–2025)
      * Nawaf Salam, Prime minister (2025–present)
* Oman (complete list) –
   * Qaboos bin Said, Sultan (1970–2020)
   * Haitham bin Tariq, Sultan (2020–present)
* State of Palestine
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Mahmoud Abbas, Acting President (2005–2008), President (2008–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mohammad Shtayyeh, Prime minister (2019–2024)
      * Mohammad Mustafa, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Qatar
   * Emirs (complete list) –
      * Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (2013–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Abdullah bin Nasser, Prime minister (2013–2020)
      * Khalid bin Khalifa, Prime minister (2020–2023)
      * Mohammed bin Abdulrahman, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Saudi Arabia (complete list) –
   * Fahd, King (1982–2005)
   * Abdullah, King (2005–2015)
   * Salman, King (2015–present)
* Ba'athist Syria
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Bashar al-Assad, President (2000–2024)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Imad Khamis, Prime minister (2016–2020)
      * Hussein Arnous, Prime minister (2020–2024)
      * Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali, Prime minister (2024)
* Syria
   * Leader (complete list) –
      * Ahmed al-Sharaa, Leader (de facto) (2024–2025), President (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali, Caretaker prime minister (2024)
      * Mohammed al-Bashir, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Turkey
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President (2014–present)
* United Arab Emirates
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President (2004–2022)
      * Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (2006–present)
* Yemen
   * Republic of Yemen
      * Presidents (complete list) –
         * Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Acting President (2011–2012), President (2012–2022)
         * Rashad al-Alimi, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council (2022–present)
      * Prime ministers (complete list) –
         * Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, Prime minister (2018–2024)
         * Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, Prime minister (2024–present)
   * Supreme Political Council
      * President of the Supreme Political Council (complete list) –
         * Saleh Ali al-Sammad, President of the Supreme Political Council (2016–2018)
         * Mahdi al-Mashat, President of the Supreme Political Council (2018–present)
      * Prime ministers (complete list) –
         * Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, Prime minister (2016–2024)
         * Ahmed al-Rahawi, Prime minister (2024–present)

## Europe
### Europe: Balkans

* Albania
   * Chairmen (complete list) –
      * Ilir Meta, President (2017–2022)
      * Bajram Begaj, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Edi Rama, Prime minister (2013–present)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
   * High Representatives (complete list) –
      * Valentin Inzko, High Representative (2009–2021)
      * Christian Schmidt, High Representative (2021–present)
   * Presidency (complete list) –
      * Chairmen of the Presidency (complete list) –
         * Željko Komšić, Chairman (2019–2020)
         * Šefik Džaferović, Chairman (2020)
         * Milorad Dodik, Chairman (2020–2021)
         * Željko Komšić, Chairman (2021–2022)
         * Šefik Džaferović, Chairman (2022)
         * Željka Cvijanović, Chairwoman (2022–2023)
         * Željko Komšić, Chairman (2023–2024)
         * Denis Bećirović, Chairman (2024)
         * Željka Cvijanović, Chairman (2024-present)
      * Bosniak members of the Presidency (complete list) –
         * Šefik Džaferović, Member (2018–2022)
         * Denis Bećirović, Member (2022–present)
      * Croat members of the Presidency (complete list) –
         * Željko Komšić, Member (2018–present)
      * Serb members of the Presidency (complete list) –
         * Milorad Dodik, Member (2018–2022)
         * Željka Cvijanović, Member (2022–present)
   * Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (complete list) –
      * Zoran Tegeltija, Chairman (2019–2023)
      * Borjana Krišto, Chairwoman (2023–present)
* Bulgaria
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Rumen Radev, President (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Boyko Borisov, Prime minister (2017–2021)
      * Stefan Yanev, Acting Prime minister (2021)
      * Kiril Petkov, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Galab Donev, Prime minister (2022–2023)
      * Nikolai Denkov, Prime minister (2023–2024)
      * Dimitar Glavchev, Acting Prime minister (2024–2025)
      * Rosen Zhelyazkov, Prime minister (2025–present)
* Croatia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, President (2015–2020)
      * Zoran Milanović, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Andrej Plenković, Prime minister (2016–present)
* Greece
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Prokopis Pavlopoulos, President (2015–2020)
      * Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President (2020–2025)
      * Konstantinos Tasoulas, President (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (2019–2023)
      * Ioannis Sarmas, Prime minister (2023)
      * Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Kosovo
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ramush Haradinaj, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Albin Kurti, Prime minister (2020)
      * Avdullah Hoti, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Albin Kurti, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Montenegro
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Milo Đukanović, President (2018–2023)
      * Jakov Milatović, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Duško Marković, Prime minister (2016–2020)
      * Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Dritan Abazovic, Prime minister (2022–2023)
      * Milojko Spajić, Prime minister (2023–present)
* North Macedonia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Stevo Pendarovski, President (2019–2024)
      * Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Zoran Zaev, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Oliver Spasovski, Prime minister (2020)
      * Zoran Zaev, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Dimitar Kovačevski, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Talat Xhaferi, Prime minister (2024)
      * Hristijan Mickoski, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Romania
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Klaus Iohannis, President (2014–2025)
      * Ilie Bolojan, Acting President (2025–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ludovic Orban, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Florin Cîțu, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Nicolae Ciucă, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Marcel Ciolacu, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Serbia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Aleksandar Vučić, President (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ana Brnabić, Prime minister (2017–2024)
      * Ivica Dačić, Acting Prime minister (2024)
      * Miloš Vučević, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Slovenia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Borut Pahor, President (2012–2022)
      * Nataša Pirc Musar, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Marjan Šarec, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Janez Janša, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Robert Golob, Prime minister (2022–present)

### Europe: Baltic states

* Estonia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Kersti Kaljulaid, President (2016–2021)
      * Alar Karis, President (2021–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Jüri Ratas, Prime minister (2016–2021)
      * Kaja Kallas, Prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Kristen Michal, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Latvia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Egils Levits, President (2019–2023)
      * Edgars Rinkēvičs, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime minister (2019–2023)
      * Evika Siliņa, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Lithuania
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Gitanas Nausėda, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Saulius Skvernelis, Prime minister (2016–2020)
      * Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime minister (2020–2024)
      * Gintautas Paluckas, Prime minister (2024–present)

### Europe: British Isles

* Republic of Ireland
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Michael D. Higgins, President (2011–present)
   * Taoiseachs (complete list) –
      * Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach (2017–2020)
      * Micheál Martin, Taoiseach (2020–2022)
      * Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach (2022–2024)
      * Simon Harris, Taoiseach (2024–2025)
      * Micheál Martin, Taoiseach (2025–present)
* United Kingdom
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime Ministers (complete list) –
      * Boris Johnson, Prime Minister (2019–2022)
      * Liz Truss, Prime Minister (2022)
      * Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister (2022–2024)
      * Keir Starmer, Prime Minister (2024–present)

### Europe: Central

* Austria
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Alexander Van der Bellen, President (2017–present)
   * Chancellors (complete list) –
      * Brigitte Bierlein, Chancellor (2019–2020)
      * Sebastian Kurz, Chancellor (2020–2021)
      * Alexander Schallenberg, Chancellor (2021)
      * Karl Nehammer, Chancellor (2021–2025)
      * Alexander Schallenberg, Acting Chancellor (2025)
      * Christian Stocker, Chancellor (2025–present)
* Czech Republic
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Miloš Zeman, President (2013–2023)
      * Petr Pavel, President (2023–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Andrej Babiš, Prime Minister (2017–2021)
      * Petr Fiala, Prime Minister (2021–present)
* Germany
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Frank-Walter Steinmeier, President (2017–present)
   * Chancellors (complete list) –
      * Angela Merkel, Chancellor (2005–2021)
      * Olaf Scholz, Chancellor (2021–present)
* Hungary
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * János Áder, President (2012–2022)
      * Katalin Novák, President (2022–2024)
      * László Kövér, Acting President (2024)
      * Tamás Sulyok, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (2010–present)
* Liechtenstein
   * Sovereign Princes (complete list) –
      * Hans-Adam II, Prince (1989–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Adrian Hasler, Prime minister (2013–2021)
      * Daniel Risch, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Poland
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Andrzej Duda, President (2015–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mateusz Morawiecki, Prime minister (2017–2023)
      * Donald Tusk, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Slovakia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Zuzana Čaputová, President (2019–2024)
      * Peter Pellegrini, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Peter Pellegrini, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Igor Matovič, Prime minister (2020–2021)
      * Eduard Heger, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Ľudovít Ódor, Prime minister (2023)
      * Robert Fico, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Switzerland (complete list) –
   * Simonetta Sommaruga, President of the Confederation (2020)
   * Guy Parmelin, President of the Confederation (2021)
   * Ignazio Cassis, President of the Confederation (2022)
   * Alain Berset, President of the Confederation (2023)
   * Viola Amherd, President of the Confederation (2024)
   * Karin Keller-Sutter, President of the Confederation (2025-present)

### Europe: East

* Belarus
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Alexander Lukashenko, President (1994–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Syarhey Rumas, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Roman Golovchenko, Prime minister (2020–2025)
      * Aleksandr Turchin, Prime minister (2025–present)
* Moldova
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Igor Dodon, President (2016–2020)
      * Maia Sandu, President (2020–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ion Chicu, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Aureliu Ciocoi, Acting Prime minister (2021)
      * Natalia Gavrilița, Prime minister (2021–2023)
      * Dorin Recean, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Russia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Vladimir Putin, President (2000–2008; 2012–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Dmitry Medvedev, Prime minister (2012–2020)
      * Mikhail Mishustin, Prime minister (2020–present)
* Transnistria
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Vadim Krasnoselsky, President (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Aleksandr Martynov, Prime minister (2016–2022)
      * Aleksandr Rozenberg, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Ukraine
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President (2019–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Oleksiy Honcharuk, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Denys Shmyhal, Prime minister (2020–present)

### Europe: Nordic

* Denmark
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Margrethe II, Queen (1972–2024)
      * Frederik X, King (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Mette Frederiksen, Prime minister (2019–present)
* Finland
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Sauli Niinistö, President (2012–2024)
      * Alexander Stubb, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Sanna Marin, Prime minister (2019–2023)
      * Petteri Orpo, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Iceland
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President (2016–2024)
      * Halla Tómasdóttir, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime minister (2017–2024)
      * Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime minister (2024)
      * Kristrún Frostadóttir, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Norway
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Harald V, King (1991–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Erna Solberg, Prime minister (2013–2021)
      * Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Sweden
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Carl XVI Gustaf, King (1973–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Stefan Löfven, Prime minister (2014–2021)
      * Magdalena Andersson, Prime minister (2021–2022)
      * Ulf Kristersson, Prime minister (2022–present)

### Europe: Southcentral

* Italy
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Sergio Mattarella, President (2015–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Giuseppe Conte, Prime Minister (2018–2021)
      * Mario Draghi, Prime Minister (2021–2022)
      * Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister (2022–present)
* Malta
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * George Vella, President (2019–2024)
      * Myriam Spiteri Debono, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Joseph Muscat, Prime minister (2013–2020)
      * Robert Abela, Prime minister (2020–present)
* San Marino
   * Captains Regent (1900–present) –
      * Luca Boschi, Mariella Mularoni, Captains Regent (2019–2020)
      * Alessandro Mancini, Grazia Zafferani, Captains Regent (2020)
      * Alessandro Cardelli, Mirko Dolcini, Captains Regent (2020–2021)
      * Gian Carlo Venturini, Marco Nicolini, Captains Regent (2021)
      * Francesco Mussoni, Giacomo Simoncini, Captains Regent (2021–2022)
      * Oscar Mina, Paolo Rondelli, Captains Regent (2022)
      * Maria Luisa Berti, Manuel Ciavatta, Captains Regent (2022–2023)
      * Alessandro Scarano, Adele Tonnini, Captains Regent (2023)
      * Filippo Tamagnini, Gaetano Troina, Captains Regent (2023–2024)
      * Alessandro Rossi, Milena Gasperoni, Captains Regent (2024)
      * Francesca Civerchia, Dalibor Riccardi, Captains Regent (2024–present)
* Vatican City
   * Sovereign (complete list) –
      * Francis, Sovereign (2013–present)
   * President of the Governorate (complete list) –
      * Giuseppe Bertello, President of the Governorate (2011–2021)
      * Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, President of the Governorate (2021–2025)
      * Raffaella Petrini, President of the Governorate (2025–present)

### Europe: Southwest

* Andorra
   * Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –
      * Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-Prince (2003–present)
   * French Co-Princes (complete list) –
      * Emmanuel Macron, French Co-Prince (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Xavier Espot, Prime minister (2019–present)
* Portugal
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President (2016–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * António Costa, Prime minister (2015–2024)
      * Luis Montenegro, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Kingdom of Spain
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Felipe VI, King (2014–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister (2018–present)

### Europe: West

* Belgium
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Philippe, King (2013–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Sophie Wilmès, Prime minister (2019–2020)
      * Alexander De Croo, Prime minister (2020–2025)
      * Bart De Wever, Prime minister (2025–present)
* France
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Emmanuel Macron, President (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Édouard Philippe, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Jean Castex, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Élisabeth Borne, Prime minister (2022–2024)
      * Gabriel Attal, Prime minister (2024)
      * Michel Barnier, Prime minister (2024)
      * François Bayrou, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Luxembourg
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Henri, Grand Duke (2000–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Xavier Bettel, Prime minister (2013–2023)
      * Luc Frieden, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Monaco
   * Sovereign Prince (complete list) –
      * Albert II, Prince (2005–present)
   * Minister of State (complete list) –
      * Serge Telle, Minister of state (2016–2020)
      * Pierre Dartout, Minister of state (2020–2024)
      * Didier Guillaume, Minister of state (2024–2025)
      * Isabelle Berro-Amadeï, Acting Minister of state (2025–present)
* The Netherlands
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Willem-Alexander, King (2013–present)
   * Prime ministers of the Netherlands; Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (complete list) –
      * Mark Rutte, Prime minister (2010–2024)
      * Dick Schoof, Prime minister (2024–present)

### Eurasia: Caucasus

* Abkhazia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Raul Khajimba, President (2014–2020)
      * Valeri Bganba, Acting President (2020)
      * Aslan Bzhania, President (2020–2024)
      * Badra Gunba, Acting President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Valeri Bganba, Prime minister (2018–2020)
      * Alexander Ankvab, Prime minister (2020–2024)
      * Valeri Bganba, Acting Prime minister (2024–present)
* Armenia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Armen Sarkissian, President (2018–2022)
      * Alen Simonyan, Acting president (2022)
      * Vahagn Khachaturyan, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Nikol Pashinyan, Prime minister (2018–present)
* Republic of Artsakh
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Bako Sahakyan, President (2007–2020)
      * Arayik Harutyunyan, President (2020–2023)
      * Samvel Shahramanyan, President (2023)
   * Presidents of the National Assembly (complete list) –
      * Ashot Ghulian, President of the National Assembly (2005–2020)
      * Arthur Tovmasyan, President of the National Assembly (2020–2023)
      * Davit Ishkhanyan, President of the National Assembly (2023)
* Azerbaijan
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Ilham Aliyev, President (2003–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Ali Asadov, Prime minister (2019–present)
* Georgia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Salome Zourabichvili, President (2018–2024)
      * Mikheil Kavelashvili, President (2024–present)
   * Heads of government (complete list) –
      * Giorgi Gakharia, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Irakli Garibashvili, Prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Irakli Kobakhidze, Prime minister (2024–present)
* South Ossetia
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Anatoly Bibilov, President (2017–2022)
      * Alan Gagloev, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Erik Pukhayev, Prime minister (2017–2020)
      * Gennady Bekoyev, Acting Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Konstantin Dzhussoev, Prime minister (2022–present)

## Oceania
### Oceania: Australia and Papua New Guinea

* Australia
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Scott Morrison, Prime minister (2018–2022)
      * Anthony Albanese, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Papua New Guinea
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1975–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * James Marape, Prime minister (2019–present)

### Oceania: Pacific

* Cook Islands, state in free association
   * Queen's Representative / King's Representative (since 8 September 2022) (complete list) –
      * Sir Tom Marsters, Queen's Representative to 2022, then King's Representative since 2022 (2013–present)
   * Prime ministers
      * Henry Puna, Prime minister (2010–2020)
      * Mark Brown, Prime minister (2020–present)
* Fiji
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Jioji Konrote, President (2015–2021)
      * Wiliame Katonivere, President (2021–2024)
      * Naiqama Lalabalavu, President (2024–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Frank Bainimarama, Acting Prime minister (2007–2014), Prime minister (2014–2022)
      * Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime minister (2022–present)
* Kiribati (complete list) –
   * Taneti Mamau, President (2016–present)
* Marshall Islands (complete list) –
   * Hilda Heine, President (2016–2020)
   * David Kabua, President (2020–2024)
   * Hilda Heine, President (2024–present)
* Federated States of Micronesia (complete list) –
   * David Panuelo, President (2019–2023)
   * Wesley Simina, President (2023–present)
* Nauru (complete list) –
   * Lionel Aingimea, President (2019–2022)
   * Russ Kun, President (2022–2023)
   * David Adeang, President (2023–present)
* New Zealand
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Jacinda Ardern, Prime minister (2017–2023)
      * Chris Hipkins, Prime minister (2023)
      * Christopher Luxon, Prime minister (2023–present)
* Palau (complete list) –
   * Tommy Remengesau Jr., President (2013–2021)
   * Surangel Whipps Jr., President (2021–present)
* Samoa
   * Heads of state (complete list) –
      * Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II, O le Ao o le Malo (2017–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, Prime minister (1998–2021)
      * Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Prime minister (2021–present)
* Solomon Islands
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (2019–2024)
      * Jeremiah Manele, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Tonga
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Tupou VI, King (2012–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa, Prime minister (2019–2021)
      * Siaosi Sovaleni, Prime minister (2021–2024)
      * Samiu Vaipulu, Acting Prime minister (2024)
      * ʻAisake Eke, Prime minister (2025–present)
* Tuvalu
   * Monarchs (complete list) –
      * Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–2022)
      * Charles III, King (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Kausea Natano, Prime minister (2019–2024)
      * Feleti Teo, Prime minister (2024–present)
* Vanuatu
   * Presidents (complete list) –
      * Tallis Obed Moses, President (2017–2022)
      * Nikenike Vurobaravu, President (2022–present)
   * Prime ministers (complete list) –
      * Charlot Salwai, Prime minister (2016–2020)
      * Bob Loughman, Prime minister (2020–2022)
      * Ishmael Kalsakau, Prime minister (2022–2023)
      * Sato Kilman, Prime minister (2023)
      * Charlot Salwai, Prime minister (2023–2025)
      * Jotham Napat, Prime minister (2025–present)