# List of sovereign states in the 1850s
## Sovereign states
### A

* Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan (from 1855) Capital: Kabul
* Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella
* Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Capital: Angoche
* Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg Capital: Bernburg
* Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau Capital: Dessau
* Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen Capital: Köthen
* Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole Capital: Mbarara
* Annam – Empire of Annam Capital: Huế
* Anziku – Anziku Kingdom Capital: Monsol
* Argentina – Argentine Confederation Capital: Paraná, Entre Ríos (from 1853)
* Aro – Aro Confederacy Capital: Arochukwu
* Ashanti – Asante Union Capital: Kumasi
* Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Capital: Asaita
* Austria – Austrian Empire Capital: Vienna

### B

* Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden Capital: Karlsruhe
* Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi Capital: Massenya
* Bamana – Bambara Empire Capital: Ségou
* Baol – Kingdom of Baol Capital: Diourbel
* Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland
* Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
* Baté Empire – Baté Empire Capital: Kankan
* Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria Capital: Munich
* Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels
* Benin – Benin Empire Capital: Benin City
* Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Thimphu
* Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia Capital: Prague
* → Bolivia – Bolivian Republic Capital: La Paz
* Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora Capital: Vaitape
* Bornu – Bornu Empire Capital: Ngazargamu
* → Brazil – Empire of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro
* Bremen – Free City of Bremen
* British India - Indian Empire Capital: Calcutta
* Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
* Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
* Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
* Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
* Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
* Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
* Burma – Kingdom of Burma
* Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

### C

* Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
* Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
* Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8, 1859)
* → Chile – Republic of Chile
* China – Great Qing Empire
Cook Islands → Rarotonga
* Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
* Couto Misto
* Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)

### D

* Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
* Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
* Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
* Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
* Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic

### E

* Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
* El Salvador – El Salvador
* Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

### F

* Fiji – Tui Viti
* Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
* France
** French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
** French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
* Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
* Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
* Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

### G

* Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
* Garo – Kingdom of Garo
* Gaza – Gaza Empire
* Gera – Kingdom of Gera
* Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
* Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858)
* Greece – Kingdom of Greece
* → → Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
* Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
* Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman

### H

* Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
* → Haiti
** Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
** Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
* Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
* Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
* Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
* Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
* Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
* Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
* Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)
* Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
* Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
* Honduras – Republic of Honduras
* Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
* Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
* Huraa – Huraa dynasty
* Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)

### J

* Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
* Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
* Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
* Johor – Johor Sultanate
* Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

### K

* Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
* Kabul – Emirate of Kabul (to 1855)
* Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
* Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
* Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut
* Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
* Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
* Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
* Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
* Kong – Kong Empire
* Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
* → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
* Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

### L

* Liberia – Republic of Liberia
* → Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
* Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
* Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
* Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
* Loango – Kingdom of Loango
* Lombardy–Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
* Luba – Luba Empire
* Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
* Lunda – Lunda Empire
* Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

### M

* Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
* Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva
* Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
* Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)
* Massina – Massina Empire
* Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
* Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
* Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
* Mexico – Republic of Mexico
* Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
* Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
* Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
* Monaco – Principality of Monaco
* → Montenegro
** Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
** Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
* Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
* Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)

### N

* Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
* Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
* Nejd – Emirate of Nejd
* Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
* Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
* New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
* → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Norway → Sweden and Norway
* Nri – Kingdom of Nri

### O

* Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
* Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854)
* Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
* Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
* Oyo – Oyo Empire

### P

* Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
* Papal States – States of the Church
* Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
* Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
* Perak – Sultanate of Perak
* Persia – Sublime State of Persia
* Peru – Peruvian Republic
* Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
* Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

### Q

* Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut

### R

* Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
* Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
* Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
* Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
* Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
* → Russia – Russian Empire
* Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
* Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

### S

* Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
* San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
* Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
* Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia
* Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
* Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
* Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
* Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
* Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
* Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
* Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
* Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
* Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
* Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
* Serbia – Principality of Serbia
* Siak Sri Indrapura – Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (to 1858)
* Siam – Kingdom of Siam
* Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
* Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
South African Republic → Transvaal
* Spain – Kingdom of Spain
* Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden → Sweden and Norway
* Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
* Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

### T

* Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
* Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
* Toro – Toro Kingdom
* Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
* Transvaal – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856)
* Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
* Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

### U

* United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
* → United States – United States of America
* United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
* Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

### V

* → → Venezuela
** State of Venezuela (to 1856)
** Republic of Venezuela (from 1856)

### W

* Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
* Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

### Y

* Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)

### Z

* Zululand – Kingdom of Zululand

## Non-sovereign territories
### Oldenburg

* Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.

### United Kingdom

* Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

## States claiming sovereignty

* Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
* Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
* Goust – Republic of Goust
* State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)
* Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
* Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Political entities in the 19th century :
| Preceded by1840s | Political entities in the 1850s | Succeeded by1860s |