# List of Greek and Latin roots in English/H–O

The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from H to O. See also the lists from A to G and from P to Z.
Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O

## Collation

Note that root groups such as "ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, am-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-" are collated under the head item (first item listed), which is sometimes followed by alternative roots that might have collated earlier in the table had they been listed separately (in this example, "a-" and "ac-").

## Roots H–O

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* X
* Z

## H

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- | have | Latin | habere "to have", habitus "habit", habitare "to live (reside)" | ability, able, debenture, debile, debilitate, debility, debit, debitor, debt, debtor, devoir, disability, disable, disenable, disinhibit, disinhibition, due, duty, enable, enablement, endeavor, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habeas corpus, habendum, habenula, habile, habilitate, hability, habit, habitable, habitance, habitant, habitat, habitation, habitator, habitual, habituate, habituation, habitude, habitudinal, inability, indubitable, inhabile, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhabitation, inhibit, inhibition, inhibitory, nonhabitual, prebend, prebendary, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibitory, provender, rehabilitant, rehabilitate, rehabilitation, rehabilitative, rehabilitator |
| hadr- | thick | Greek | ἁδρός (hadrós) | Hadrocodium, Hadromys, hadron, Hadropithecus, hadrosaur, hadrosaurid |
| haem-, hem- | blood | Greek | αἷμα, αἵματος (haîma, haímatos) | anaemia, anemia, haematemesis, haematopoiesis, haematuria, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, haemophobia, haemoptysis, haemorrhage, haemorrhoid, haemosiderosis, haemostatic, hematocrit, hematogenesis, hematoma, hematophagous, hematophagy, hematopoiesis, hematopoietic, hematuria, hemocoel, hemocyte, hemoglobin, hemoglobinuria, hemophagy, hemophilia, hemophiliac, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic, hemorrhea, hemorrhoid, hemorrhoidectomy, hemosiderin, hemosiderosis, hemostat, hemotherapy, hyperaemia, hyperemia, hyphaema, hyphema, methemoglobin, methemoglobinemia, microhematuria, microhemorrhage, polycythaemia |
| haere- | choose, take | Greek | αἱρεῖν (haireîn), αἱρεῖσθαι (haireîsthai), αἱρετός (hairetós), αἱρετικός (hairetikós), αἵρεσις (haíresis) | aphaeresis, diaeresis, heresiarch, heresy, heretic, plasmapheresis, synaeresis, syneresis |
| hal- | salt | Greek | ἅλς, ἁλός (háls, halós), ἅλινος (hálinos) | halide, halieutic, halite, halochromic, halochromism, halogen, halomancy, halophile, halophyte, oxohalide, thermohaline |
| hal-, -hel- | breathe | Latin | halare, halatus | anhelation, anhele, anhelous, exhalable, exhalant, exhalation, exhale, halitus, inhalable, inhalant, inhalation, inhale |
| hapl- | simple, single | Greek | ἁπλοῦς (haploûs), ἅπλωσις (háplōsis), ἅπλωμα (háplōma) | haplochromine, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy, haplography, haploid, haplology, haplont, haplontic, haplophase, haplopia, haplosis, haplotype |
| haur-, haust- | draw | Latin | haurire, haustus | exhaust, exhaustible, exhaustion, exhaustive, hauriant, haurient, haustellate, haustellum, haustorium, haustrum, inexhaustible, nonexhaustive |
| heb- | youth | Greek | ἥβη (hḗbē), ἡβητικός (hēbētikós), ἔφηβος (éphēbos), ἡβᾶν (hēbân), ἡβάσκω, ἡβητής (hēbētḗs) | ephebeum, ephebia, ephebiatrics, ephebic, ephebiphobia, ephebophilia, ephebos, hebephilia, hebephobia, hebephrenia, hebetic, hebiatrics, hebophile, hebophilia |
| hed- (ΕΔ) | sit | Greek | ἕδος, ἕδεος (hédos, hédeos), ἕδρα (hédra), ἕζεσθαι (hézesthai) | cathedra, chair, dodecahedron, dodecahemidodecahedron, endohedric, ephedra, exedra, hemipolyhedron, hexahedron, octahedron, pentahedroid, pentahedron, polyhedron, pyritohedron, rhombohedron, sanhedrin, synedrion, tetrahedroid, trapezohedron, trisoctahedron |
| hed- | pleasant, sweet | Greek | ἥδεσθαι, ἡδόμενον, ἡδύς (hēdómenon, hēdús), ἡδύτης, σϝηδύς, ἡδονή (hēdonḗ) | anhedonia, anhedonic, hedonics, hedonism, hedonist, hedonistic, hedonology, hyphedonia |
| heg- | lead | Greek | ἄγω, ἡγεῖσθαι (hēgeîsthai), ἡγούμενος (hēgoúmenos), ἡγεμών (hēgemṓn), ἡγεμονία, ἡγεμονικός | diegesis, diegetic, eisegesis, exegesis, exegete, exegetic, hegemon, hegemonic, hegemony, hegumen, hypodiegetic, metadiegetic, protohegumen |
| heli- | sun | Greek | ἥλιος (hḗlios) | aphelion, heliocentric, heliocentrism, heliodor, heliograph, heliolatry, heliomania, heliometer, heliopause, Heliophila, heliophobia, heliophyte, Helios, helioscope, heliosphere, heliostat, heliotherapy, heliotrope, heliotropic, heliotropism, helium, parhelion, perihelion |
| helic- | something twisted or spiral | Greek | ϝελίσσω, ἑλίσσειν (helíssein), ἕλιξ, ἕλικος (hélix, hélikos), ἕλιξις, ἕλιγμα (hélixis, héligma), (helikoeidḗs) | anthelix, antihelix, helicine, helicograph, helicoid, helicopter, helicospore, helix |
| Hell- | Greece, Hellas | Greek | Ἑλλάς, ἑλλάδος (Hellás, helládos) | Helladic, Hellenic, Hellenism, Hellenistic |
| helminth- | worm | Greek | ἕλμινς, ἕλμινθος (hélmins, hélminthos) | anthelmintic, antihelminthic, helminth, helminthic, helminthoid |
| helot- | enslaved | Greek | Εἵλως, Εἵλωτος, Εἱλώτης | Helot, helotism, helotry |
| hemer- | day | Greek | ἡμέρα (hēméra) | Decameron, ephemeral, ephemeris, ephemeron, ephemerous, hemeralopia |
| hemer- | tame | Greek | ἥμερος (hḗmeros), ἡμερότης (hēmerótēs) | hemeroby, hemerochora, hemerophile |
| hemi- | half | Greek | ἥμισυς (hḗmisus) | anhemitonic, hemiballismus, hemicryptophyte, hemicube, hemicycle, hemidesmosome, hemimelia, hemimetabolic, hemimetabolism, hemimetaboly, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemipolyhedron, hemisphere, hemitonic |
| hen- | one | Greek | ἕν (hén), ἑνάς, ἑνάδος (henás, henádos), ἕνωσις (hénōsis) | enosis, enotikon, henad, hendiadys, henotheism, hyphen |
| hendec- | eleven | Greek | ἕνδεκα (héndeka) | hendecagon, hendecagram, hendecagrammic, hendecane, hendecasyllabic, hendecasyllable hendecahedron |
| hepat- | liver | Greek | ἧπαρ, ἥπατος (hêpar, hḗpatos), ἡπατικός (hēpatikós) | heparin, hepatic, hepatitis, hepatocyte, hepatology, hepatomancy, hepatoscopy, hepatotoxic, hepatotoxin, hepatotropic |
| hept- | seven | Greek | ἑπτά (heptá) | heptachord, heptagon, heptagram, heptagraph, heptahedron, heptamer, heptameric, heptameter, Heptateuch, heptathlete, heptathlon, heptatonic, heptode |
| her-, heir- | heir | Latin | heres (genitive heredis) | heir, heiress, hereditary, heredity, heritage, inherit |
| here-, hes- | cling, stick | Latin | haerere, haesus | adhere, adherence, adherend, adherent, adhesion, adhesive, cohere, coherence, coherent, cohesion, cohesive, decoherence, hesitancy, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, hesitator, incoherent, inhere, inherency, inherent, inhesion, nonadherence, nonadherent, nonadhesive |
| herald- | messenger, envoy | Latin | heraldus | herald, heraldic, heraldry |
| herb- | grass | Latin | herba | herbal, herbicide, herbivore |
| heres-, heret- | choose, take | Greek | αἱρεῖν (haireîn) "to take, choose" | heresy, heretic, heretical |
| herm- | Hermes | Greek | Ἑρμῆς (Hermês) | herm, hermaphrodite, hermetic |
| hermeneu- | interpret, explain | Greek | ἑρμηνεύς (hermēneús), ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneúō), ἑρμηνευτικός (hermēneutikós), ἑρμήνευσις, ἑρμήνευμα | hermeneutic, hermeneutics |
| hero- | hero | Greek | ἥρως, ἥρωος (hḗrōs, hḗrōos), ἡρωίνη (hērōínē), ἡρωϊκός (hērōïkós), ἡρωϊσμός (hērōïsmós) | antihero, hero, heroic, heroine, heroism |
| herp- | creep | Greek | ἕρπειν (hérpein), ἕρπης, ἕρπητος (hérpēs, hérpētos) | herpes, herpetology |
| heter- | different, other | Greek | ἕτερος (héteros) | heterochromatin, heterodox, heterodoxy, heterogeneity, heterogeneous, heterophobia, heterosexuality, heterosexual, heterosis, heterotic |
| heur- | find | Greek | εὑρίσκειν (heurískein), εὕρηκα (heúrēka), εὕρημα (heúrēma) | eureka, heuristic, metaheuristic |
| hex- | six | Greek | ἕξ (héx), ἑξάς, ἑξάδος (hexás, hexádos) | hexachord, hexad, hexadic, hexagon, hexagram, hexahedron, hexamer, hexamerous, hexameter, hexapod, hexastyle, hexasyllabic, Hexateuch, hexatonic, hexode, tetrahemihexahedron |
| hi- | gape | Latin | hiare | dehisce, dehiscence, dehiscent, hiatal, hiatus, indehiscence, indehiscent, inhiation |
| hibern- | wintry | Latin | hibernus | hibernacle, hibernaculum, hibernal, hibernate, hibernation, hibernator |
| hidrot- | sweat | Greek | ἱδρώς, ἱδρῶτος (hidrṓs, hidrōtos), ἱδροῦν (hidroûn), ἵδρωσις (hídrōsis) | anhidrosis, dyshidrosis, dyshidrotic, hematidrosis, hidrocystoma, hidropoiesis, hidroschesis, hidrosis, hidrotic, hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis |
| hiem- | winter | Latin | hiems | hiemal |
| hier- | holy, sacred | Greek | ἱερός (hierós) | hierarch, hierarchy, hieratic, hierocracy, hierodeacon, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, hierogram, hierolatry, hieromonk, hierurgy |
| hipp- | horse | Greek | ἵππος (híppos) | ephippium, hippeis, hippocampus, hippodrome, hippology, Hippolyte, hippomancy, hippophagy, hippophile, hippophobia, hippopotamus, parahippocampus |
| hirsut- | hairy | Latin | hirtus, hirsutus | hirsute, hirsutulous |
| hispid- | bristly | Latin | hispidus | hispidity, hispidulous |
| histri- | actor | Latin | histrio, histrionis | histrionic |
| hod- | way | Greek | ὁδός (hodós) | anode, cathode, diode, electrode, episode, ergodic, exodos, exodus, heptode, herpolhode, hodograph, hodology, hodometer, hodonym, hodophobia, hodoscope, hydathode, method, methodic, Methodism, Methodist, methodology, octode, parodos, pentode, period, periodic, synod, tetrode, triode |
| hol- | whole | Greek | ὅλος (hólos), ὁλικός (holikós) | catholic, holiatry, holism, holistic, holography, holomorphic, holonomy |
| hom- | same | Greek | ὁμός (homós) | homiletic, homily, homogeneous, homograph, homologous, homology, homomorphism, homonym, homophobia, homophone, homosexual, homozygous |
| homal- | even, flat | Greek | ὁμαλός (homalós) "even", from ὁμός (homós) "same" | anomalous, anomaly |
| homin- | human | Latin | homo, hominis | ad hominem, bonhomie, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homuncular, homunculus, human, humane, humanitarian, humanity, inhuman, inhumane, inhumanity, Nemo, nonhuman, omber, ombre, prehuman, subhuman, superhuman, transhuman |
| homoe-, home- | like, similar | Greek | ὅμοιος (hómoios), ὁμοῖος, ὁμοιότης | homeomorphism, homeopathy, homeostasis, homeothermy, homoeopathy, homoiotherm, homoiothermic |
| honor- | esteem | Latin | honos, honoris | dishonor, dishonorable, honorable, honorand, honorarium, honorary, honoree, honorific |
| hor- | boundary | Greek | ὅρος (hóros), ὁρίζειν (horízein) | aorist, aphorism, aphorismus, aphorize, diorite, horizon, horopter, horotelic |
| hor- | hour | Greek | ὥρα (hṓra) | horologist, horology, horometry, horoscope |
| horm- | that which excites | Greek | ὁρμᾶν, ὁρμεῖν (hormân, hormeîn), ὁρμή (hormḗ), ὅρμησις (hórmēsis), ὁρμῶν (hormôn) | horme, hormephobia, hormesis, hormetic, hormic, hormone |
| hort- | garden | Latin | hortus, horti | antecourt, cohort, cortege, court, courteous, courtesan, courtesy, courtier, curtain, curtilage, Curtis, discourteous, discourtesy, frontcourt, horticultural, horticulture |
| hospit- | host | Latin | hospes, hospitis | co-host, hospice, hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostal, hostel, hosteler, hostler, hotel, hotelier, inhospitable, inhospitality |
| host- | enemy | Latin | hostis | host, hostile, hostility |
| hum- | ground | Latin | humus, humare | disinhume, exhumation, exhume, humate, humation, humble, humic, humicolous, humiliate, humiliation, humility, humus, inhumation, inhume |
| hyal- | glass | Greek | ὕαλος (húalos) | hyaline, hyaloid |
| hybr- | wantonness | Greek | ὕβρις (húbris), ὑβρίζω, ὕβριστος, ὑβριστικός (hubrízō, húbristos, hubristikós), ὑβρισμός, ὕβρισμα, ὑβριστής | hubris, hubristic, hybris, hybristic |
| hydn- | truffle | Greek | ὕδνον (húdnon) | hydnoid, Hydnum |
| hydr- | water | Greek | ὕδωρ, ὕδατος (húdōr, húdatos), ὕδρα (húdra) | clepsydra, dehydrate, hydathode, hydatid, hydatidosis, hydra, hydrant, hydrate, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrochloric, hydrodynamics, hydroelectric, hydrogen, hydrologist, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydromancy, hydrophile, hydrophilic, hydrophily, hydrophobia, hydrophobic, hydroponic, hydrosphere, hydrostat, hydrostatic, hydrothermic, hydrous, hydrozoa, polyhydric |
| hygie- | healthy | Greek | ὑγιής (hugiḗs), ὑγίεια (hugíeia), ὑγιεινός (hugieinós), ὑγιάζειν | Hygieia, hygiene, hygienic, hygienics, hygienist |
| hygr- | wet | Greek | ὑγρός (hugrós) | hygric, hygroma, hygrometer |
| hymen- | skin or membrane | Greek | ὑμήν, ὑμένος (humḗn, huménos) | hymen, hymenium, hymenomycete, hymenophore, hymenoplasty, Hymenoptera, hymenorrhaphy, hymenotomy |
| hyo- | U-shaped | Greek | ὑοειδής (huoeidḗs) | hyoid, hyostyly |
| hyp-, hypo- | under , below | Greek | ὑπό (hupó) | hyphen, hypoallergenic, hypodermic, hypogene, hypothermia, hypothesis, hypotonic, hypoxemia, hypoxia |
| hyper- | above, over | Greek | ὑπέρ (hupér) | hyper, hyperbaric, hyperbola, hyperbole, Hyperion, hyperlink, hyperoxia, hyperpyrexia, hyperthermia, hypertonic |
| hyph- | weave | Greek | ὑφαίνειν (huphaínein), ὕφασμα, ὑφή (huphḗ) "web" | hypha, hyphomycete, hyphopodium |
| hypn- | sleep | Greek | ὕπνος (húpnos) | hypnagogia, hypnagogic, hypnolepsy, hypnophobia, hypnopompia, hypnopompic, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotic, hypnotist, hypnotize |
| hyps- | height | Greek | ὕψι, ὕψιστος, ὕψος (húpsos), ὑψοῦ, ὑψόθεν | hypsography, hypsometer, hypsophobia |
| hys- | hog | Greek | ὗς (hûs), ὕαινα (húaina) | hyena, hyenoid |
| hyster- | womb | Greek | ὑστέρα (hustéra) | hysteralgia, hysteratresia, hysterectomy, hysteria, hysteric, hysterosalpingography |
| hyster- | later | Greek | ὑστερεῖν (hustereîn), ὕστερος (hústeros), ὑστέρησις (hustérēsis), ὑστέρημα (hustérēma) | hysteresis, hysteretic, hysteron proteron |
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## I

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| i- | go | Greek | ἰέναι (iénai), ἴμμεναι, ἰόν, ἰών (ímmenai, ión, iṓn) | anion, anionic, cation, cationic, ion, ionic, ionize, polyanion, polycation |
| iatr- | heal | Greek | ἰᾶσθαι (iâsthai), ἰατρός (iatrós), ἰατρικός (iatrikós), ἰατρεύειν (iatreúein), ἰατρεία (iatreía), ἴασις, ἴαμα | iatrogenic, physiatry, podiatrist, podiatry, psychiatrist, psychiatry |
| ichthy- | fish | Greek | ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος (ikhthús, ikhthúos) | ichthyology, Ichthyophaga, ichthyophobia, ichthyoplankton, ichthyosis |
| icos- | twenty | Greek | ϝεικοσι, εἴκοσι (eíkosi), εἰκοσάς, εἰκοσάκις "twenty times" | hemi-icosahedron, icosagon, icosahedron |
| icter- | jaundice | Greek | ἴκτερος (íkteros), ἰκτερικός (ikterikós), ἰκτεριάω | icteric, icterogenic, icterohemorrhagic, icterohepatitis, icteroid, icterus |
| id- (ϜΙΔ) | shape, form, picture | Greek | εἶδειν (eîdein), εἶδος (eîdos) | eidetic, eidolon, eidos, idol, idolater, idolatry, idyll, idyllic, idyllist, pareidolia |
| ide- | idea, thought | Greek | ἰδεῖν (ideîn), ἰδέα (idéa) | ideogram, ideologue, ideology |
| idi- | own, peculiarity | Greek | ϝίδιος, ἴδιος (ídios), "private, personal, one's own" | idiolect, idiom, idiopathic, idiopathy, idiophone, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiot, idiotic |
| ign- | fire | Latin | ignis | igneous, ignite, ignition |
| ignorare- | "not to know, to be unacquainted; mistake, misunderstand | Latin | ignotus | ignore, ignorant, ignorance |
| imagin- | copy | Latin | imāgō, imāginis | image, imagine |
| imbr- | heavy rain | Latin | imber, imbris | ignimbrite, imbrex, imbricate, imbrication, imbriferous |
| in- | sinew | Greek | ἴς, ἰνός (ís, inós), ἰνίον (iníon) | inion, inotrope, inotropic |
| in- (1), il-, im- | in, on | Latin | in | illuminate, import, incur, intend, invite |
| in- (2), il-, im-, ir- | not, un- (negation) | Latin | in- | illicit, impossible, inimical, insane, irrational |
| inan- | empty, vain | Latin | inanitio "emptiness" and inanitas "worthlessness", from inanire "to empty", from inanis "empty, void, worthless" | inane, inanition, inanity |
| infra- | below, under | Latin | infra | infrared, infrastructure |
| insul- | island | Latin | insula | insular, insulation |
| integr- | whole, complete | Latin | in-, teg- | integrate, integration, integer, integrational, disintegrate, integral, unintegrated |
| inter- | among, between | Latin | inter (preposition) | intercollegiate, intermission, intersection |
| intra- | inside , within | Latin | intra | intramural, intravenous |
| iota- | I, i | Greek | iota | iotacism |
| irasc-, irat- | be angry | Latin | irasci "grow angry", from ira "anger" | irascible, irate, ire |
| irid- | rainbow | Latin | iris | iridescent |
| is-, iso- | equal, same | Greek | ϝίσϝος (wíswos), ἴσος (ísos) | isogloss, isograph, isometric, isomorphic, isosceles, isotonic, isotropic |
| -itis | inflammation | Greek | -ῖτις | appendicitis, diverticulitis, arthritis, tonsillitis, dermatitis, iritis, carditis, gastritis, colitis, cystitis |
| ischi- | hip joint | Greek | ἰσχίον (iskhíon), ἰσχιαδικός (iskhiadikós) | ischiadic, ischium, sciatic, sciatica |
| iter- | again | Latin | iterum, iterare | iteration |
| itiner- | journey | Latin | iter, itineris | itinerary |
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## J

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| jac- | lie | Latin | jaceo "to be thrown" | adjacency, adjacent, circumjacency, circumjacent, ease, easy, interjacent, interjoist, joist, nonadjacent, subjacent, superjacent |
| jac-, -ject- | cast, throw | Latin | jacio (also spelled iacio), iectus | abject, adjectival, adjective, conjectural, conjecture, deject, dejection, disject, disjection, ejaculate, ejaculation, ejaculatory, eject, ejecta, ejection, ejective, ejectment, ejector, inject, injection, injective, injector, interject, interjection, interjectional, interjector, interjectory, introject, introjection, introjective, jactation, jactitation, jaculate, jaculation, jaculator, jaculatory, jaculiferous, jet, jetsam, jettison, nonobjective, object, objectification, objection, objectionable, objective, objectivity, objector, parget, project, projectile, projection, projective, projector, reject, rejectamenta, rejection, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivity, subjicible, surjection, surjective, traject, trajectile, trajection, trajectory, trijet |
| janu- | door | Latin | janua | janitor, January |
| joc- | jest | Latin | jocus (also spelled iocus) | jewel, jewelry, jocose, jocosity, jocular, jocularity, joke, jongleur, juggle, injucundity, jocund, jocundity |
| journ- | pertaining to the day, daily | Latin | diurnus (also spelled journe) | adjourn, journal, journalist, journey, journeyman, sojourn |
| judic- | judge | Latin | iudex, iūdicis | adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory, extrajudicial, injudicious, judge, judgement, judgment, judgmental, judicable, judicative, judicator, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judiciary, judicious, nonjudgmental, nonjudicial, prejudge, prejudgment, prejudice, prejudicial, quasijudicial |
| jug- | yoke | Latin | jugo, jugum | conjugal, subjugate |
| jung-, junct- | join | Latin | iungo, junctus | adjoin, adjoint, adjunct, adjunction, adjunctive, conjoin, conjoint, conjunct, conjunction, conjunctive, disjoin, disjoint, disjunct, disjunction, disjunctive, enjoin, enjoinder, enjoinment, injunction, injunctive, join, junction, juncture, junta, junto, nondisjunction, nonjoinder, rejoin, rejoinder, sejoin, sejungible, subjoin, subjoinder, subjunctive, surrejoinder |
| junior- | younger | Latin | junior | junior, juniority |
| jus-, jur- | law, justice | Latin | ius, iuris | abjure, jurisprudence, jury, just, justice, objurgate, perjury |
| juv-, jut- | help | Latin | juvo, jutus | adjument, adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, coadjutant, coadjutor |
| juven- | young, youth | Latin | juvenis | juvenile, rejuvenate |
| juxta- | beside, near | Latin | juxta | juxtaposition |
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## K

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| -kary- | nucleus | Greek | καρυον (karyon) | Eukaryote, Prokaryote |
| kastan- | brown | Greek | καφέ (kafé) | Kastanophobia |
| kilo- | thousand | Greek | χίλιοι (khílioi) | kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer, kiloliter |
| kine-, cine- | movement, motion | Greek | κινεῖν (kineîn), κίνησις (kínēsis), κίνημα (kínēma) | akinesia, akinesis, akinete, akinetic, cinema, cinematic, diakinesis, dyskinesia, dyskinetic, hyperkinesia, hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic, hypokinesia, hypokinesis, hypokinetic, kinematics, kinescope, kinesiologist, kinesiology, kinesis, kinesthetic, kinetic, kineticism, kinetics, kinetochore, kinetophobia, photokinesis, telekinesis |
| klept- | steal | Greek | κλέπτειν (kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptēs) | kleptocracy, kleptomania, kleptophobia, kleptoplasty |
| ktet- | possession, ownership | Greek | κτητικός (ktētikós), κτήτωρ (ktḗtōr) | ktetic, ktetor |
| kudo- | glory | Greek | κῦδος (kûdos) | kudos |
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## L

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| lab-, lep- | grasp, seize, take | Greek | λαμβάνειν (lambánein), λῆψις (lêpsis), λῆμμα (lêmma) | analemma, analemmatic, analeptic, catalepsy, cataleptic, dilemma, dilemmatic, epilepsy, epileptic, hypnolepsy, hysteroepilepsy, metalepsis, narcolepsy, nympholepsy, octosyllabic, procatalepsis, prolepsis, proleptic, proslepsis, syllabic, syllabism, syllable, syllabogram, syllepsis, trisyllabic, trisyllable |
| lab-, laps- | slide, slip | Latin | labi, lapsus | collapse, collapsible, elapse, labile, lapse, prolapse, relapse |
| labi- | lip | Latin | labia, labiae | bilabial, bilabiate, infralabial, labial, labiate, labium, sublabial, supralabial |
| labor- | work | Latin | labor | collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, elaborate, elaboration, elaborative, elaborator, labor, laboratory, laborious |
| lacer- | tear | Latin | lacer | laceration |
| lacrim- | cry, tears | Latin | lacrima | lachrymal, lachrymose, lachrymosity, lacrimal, lacrimation, lacrimator, lacrimatory, lacrimous |
| lact- | milk | Latin | lac, lactis, lactare | ablactate, ablactation, lactary, lactase, lactate, lactation, lactational, lacteal, lacteous, lactescent, lactic, lactose, laitance, latte |
| lag- | hare | Greek | λαγός (lagós) | lagomorph, Sylvilagus |
| lamin- | layer, slice | Latin | lāmina | bilamellate, bilaminar, lame, lamé, lamella, lamellar, lamellate, laminate, lamination, laminose, laminous, multilaminar, omelet, omelette, trilaminar, unilaminar |
| lamp- | shine, torch | Greek | λάμπειν (lámpein), λαμπάς (lampás) | lamp, lamprid, Lampris |
| lapid- | stone | Latin | lapis, lapidis | dilapidate, dilapidation, lapidarian, lapidary, lapidate, lapidation, lapidator, lapideous, lapidescence, lapidescent, lapidicolous, lapidification, lapillation, lapilli |
| larg- | large | Latin | largus | allargando, enlarge, enlargement, largamente, largando, large, largess, largesse, largition, largo |
| larv- | ghost, mask | Latin | larva | larva, larvae, larval |
| lat- | broad, wide | Latin | latus | laticlave, latifoliate, latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian, latitudinous |
| later- | side | Latin | latus, lateris | ambilateral, ambilaterality, bilateral, bilaterality, collateral, contralateral, equilateral, extralateral, inequilateral, ipsilateral, lateral, laterality, matrilateral, multilateral, nonlateral, patrilateral, plurilateral, quadrilateral, semilatus, septilateral, trilateral, unilateral |
| laud-, laus- | praise | Latin | laudare "to praise" | laud, laudable, laudanum, laudation, Lauds, summa cum laude |
| lav- | wash | Latin | lavare | launder, laundry, lava, lavation, lavatory, lave, lavender, lavish, lotion |
| lax- | not tense, slack | Latin | laxus, laxare | delay, disrelish, laches, lax, laxation, laxative, laxity, leasable, lease, relax, relaxant, relaxation, relay, release, relish, sublease |
| lecith- | egg yolk | Greek | λέκιθος (lékithos) | lecithin |
| led-, les-, -lid-, -lis- | hurt, strike | Latin | laedere, laesus, -lidere | allision, collide, collision, elide, elidible, elision, illesive, lesion |
| leg- | say | Greek | λέγειν (légein), λέγεσθαι (légesthai), λεκτός (lektós), λεκτικός (lektikós), λέξις (léxis), λεξικός (lexikós), λεξικόν (lexikón), λόγος (lógos), (logḗ), λεγόμενον (legómenon), λογεῖον | alexia, alexithymia, apologetic, apologia, apology, dialect, dialectic, dialectologist, dialectology, dialog, dialogue, dyslexia, dyslexic, dyslogia, dyslogism, ethnolect, legomenon, lexeme, lexicography, lexicology, lexicon, lexigram, lexis, logic, logion, logos, prolegomenon |
| leg-, lect- | choose, gather, read | Latin | legere | coil, colleague, collect, collectible, collection, collective, collector, college, collegial, collegiality, collegian, collegiate, collegium, counterintelligence, cull, deselect, diligence, diligent, elect, electability, electable, electee, election, elective, elector, electoral, electorate, eligibility, eligible, elite, illegibility, illegible, ineligibility, ineligible, intellect, intellection, intellectual, intellectuality, intelligence, intelligent, intelligentsia, intercollegiate, lectern, lectin, lection, lectionary, lector, lectorate, lecture, legend, legendary, legendry, legibility, legible, legion, legionary, legionnaire, legume, leguminous, lesson, neglect, negligee, negligence, negligent, negligible, nonelective, nonelite, nonnegligible, nonselective, postelection, predilect, predilection, preelection, prelect, prelection, prelector, preselect, recollect, recollection, reelect, reelection, religion, reselect, sacrilege, select, selectance, selectee, selection, selective, selectivity, selector, superselection, uniselector |
| leg- | law | Latin | lex, legis | allege, disloyal, disloyalty, extralegal, illegal, legal, legality, legific, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legitim, legitimacy, legitimate, loyal, loyalty, nonlegal, privilege |
| leg- | send | Latin | legare (from legis) | allegation, delegable, delegacy, delegate, delegatee, delegation, delegator, delegatory, league, legacy, legatary, legate, legatee, legatine, legation, legato, nondelegate, relegate, relegation, superdelegate |
| lei- | smooth | Greek | λεῖος (leîos) | leiomyoma |
| lekan-, lanx-, lanc- | dish, pot | Greek, Latin | λεκάνη (lekánē lanx | balance, lekane, phalanx, valance |
| leni- | gentle | Latin | lenis, lenire | leniency, lenient, leniment, lenis, lenition, lenitive, lenitude, lenity |
| leon- | lion | Latin | leo, leonis | dandelion, Leo, leonine, Leopold |
| lep- | flake, peel, scale | Greek | λέπειν (lépein), λεπίς, λεπίδος (lepís, lepídos) | antilepton, lepidolite, Lepidoptera, Lepidorhombus, lepidote, lepidotrichia, leprosy |
| lepto- | small, fine, thin | Greek | λεπτός (leptós) | leptocyte, leptogenesis, Leptomonas, lepton, leptophyllous |
| leuc-, leuk- | white | Greek | λευκός (leukós) | aleukemia, aleukocytosis, leucism, leucocyte, leucopenia, leucoplast, leukemia, leukocytopenia, leukopenia, leucophore |
| lev- | lift, light, raise | Latin | levare "lighten, raise", from levis "light" (in weight) | alleviate, alleviation, bas-relief, counter-relief, deleverage, elevate, elevation, elevator, leaven, legerity, levade, Levant, levee, lever, leverage, leviable, levitate, levitation, levity, levy, relevé, relief, relieve, sublevation, superelevation |
| liber- | free | Latin | liber, liberare | deliver, deliverance, illiberal, illiberality, liberal, liberality, liberalize, liberate, liberation, liberator, libertarian, liberticide, libertinage, libertine, liberty, ultraliberal |
| libr- | book | Latin | liber, libri | interlibrary, libel, libellant, libellee, libellous, librarian, library, libretto |
| lig- | bind | Latin | ligare, ligatus | ligament, ligature |
| limac- | slug | Latin | limax, limacis | limacine, limacoid, limacon, Limax |
| limpa- | clear, water | Latin | limpa "water" | limpid, limpidity, lymph |
| line- | line | Latin | linea | align, alignment, ambilineal, ambilineality, bilinear, collinear, collinearity, collineation, curvilinear, curvilinearity, delineate, delineation, delineavit, line, linea, lineage, lineal, lineament, linear, linearity, lineate, lineation, matrilineal, multicollinearity, multilinear, nonalignment, noncollinear, nonlineal, nonlinear, nonlinearity, quasilinear, realign, realignment, rectilinear, rectilinearity, sesquilinear, sublineage, sublinear, supralinear, trilinear, unilinear |
| line- | smear, smudge | Latin | linere | delete, deletion, indelible, liniment |
| lingu- | language, tongue | Latin | lingua | bilingual, bilinguality, bilinguous, collingual, elinguation, interlanguage, language, ligula, ligular, ligule, lingua franca, lingual, linguiform, linguine, multilingual, prelingual, quadrilingual, sublingual, trilingual |
| linqu-, lict- | leave | Latin | linquere, lictus | relict, relinquish |
| lip- | fat | Greek | λίπος (lípos) | lipolysis, lipophile, lipophilic, lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, synaloepha |
| liqu- | flow | Latin | liquere | deliquesce, liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquor, prolix |
| lit- | prayer, supplication | Greek | λιτή (litḗ), λιτανεία (litaneía) | litany |
| liter- | letter | Latin | littera | alliteration, alliterative, biliteral, biliterate, illiteracy, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literate, literati, literatim, literation, literator, literature, multiliteral, nonliteral, nonliterary, nonliterate, obliterate, obliteration, preliterate, quadriliteral, transliteracy, transliterate, transliteration, triliteral, uniliteral |
| lith- | stone | Greek | λίθος (líthos) | aerolithology, endolith, endolithic, epilithic, lithagogue, lithic, lithography, lithology, lithophile, lithophone, lithophyte, lithosphere, lithotomy, megalith, Mesolithic, microlite, monolith, monolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic, photolithography, phytolith, regolith, stylolite |
| loc- | place | Latin | locus, locare | accouchement, allocate, bilocation, bilocular, cislocative, collocation, couch, couchant, dislocate, dislocation, interlocal, lieu, local, locale, locality, locate, location, locative, locator, locomotion, loculament, locular, locule, loculose, loculus, locus, milieu, multilocal, multilocation, multilocular, nonlocal, relocate, relocation, translocate, translocation, translocative, trilocular, unilocular |
| log-, -logy | word, reason, speech, thought | Greek | λόγος (lógos), λογία (logía) | analogy, anthology, apology, biology, dialogue doxology, ecology, epilogue, etymology, eulogy, geology, ideologue, logarithm, logic, logogram, logopaedics, logophile, logotherapy, meteorology, monologue, morphological, neologism, neurology, philology, prologue, psychology, tautology, terminology, theology, toxicology, trilogy, zoology |
| long- | long | Latin | longus | allonge, elongate, elongation, longa, longanimity, longe, longeron, longinquity, longitude, longitudinal, longum, lunge, lungo, oblong, prolong, prolongation, purloin |
| loqu-, locut- | speak | Latin | loqui | allocution, circumlocution, colloquial, colloquy, elocution, eloquent, eloquence, grandiloquent, interlocution, loquacious, loquacity, magniloquent, obloquy, soliloquy |
| luc- | bright, light | Latin | lūx (genitive lūcis), lucere | elucidate, elucidation, elucubrate, elucubration, lucent, lucid, lucidity, Lucifer (bearer of light), luciferase, luciferin, luciferous, lucifugal, lucubrate, lucubration, luculent, noctilucent, pellucid, pellucidity, relucent, semipellucid, translucency, translucent, translucid, translucidus |
| lud-, lus- | play | Latin | ludere, lusus | allude, collude, delude, elude, elusive, elusory, illude, illusion, ludicrous, lusory, prelude |
| lumin- | light | Latin | lumen, luminis, luminare | dislimn, enlumine, illuminable, illuminance, illuminant, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine, intraluminal, limn, lumen, luminaire, luminal, luminance, luminant, luminaria, luminary, lumine, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminosity, luminous, relumine, subluminal, subluminous, superluminal, transluminal |
| lu-, luv-, lut- | wash | Latin | luere (see also diluere, fluere and pluere) | abluent, ablution, alluvium, colluvium, deluge, depollute, diluent, dilute, dilution, dilutive, diluvial, diluvian, diluvium, elute, elution, eluvial, elluviation, eluvium, illuviation, illuvium, lutaceous, lutite, pollution |
| lun- | moon | Latin | lūna | circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunation, lune, lunette, luniform, lunisolar, mezzaluna, mezzelune, plenilunary, semilunar, sublunar, sublunary, superlunary, translunar |
| lut- | yellow, golden | Latin | lūtum, lūteus | corpus luteum, luteal, lutein, luteinizing hormone, luteous |
| ly-, lysi-, lyt- | dissolving | Greek | λύειν (lúein), λυτός (lutós), λυτικός (lutikós), λύσις (lúsis) | analyse, analysis, analytic, aparalytic, autolysis, catalyse, catalysis, catalyst, catalytic, cytolysis, dialysis, electrolysis, electrolyte, electrolytic, Hippolyte, hydrolysis, hydrolyte, hydrolytic, lysigeny, lysine, lysis, lysosome, lytic, meta-analysis, palsy, paralyse, paralysis, paralytic, plasmolysis, proteolysis |
| lyc- | wolf | Greek | λύκος (lýkos) | Lycaon, lycanthropy, lycopersicon, lycoris |
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## M

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| macer- | lean | Latin | macer | emaciate, macerate, meager |
| macr- | long | Greek | μακρός (makrós), μακρότης (makrótēs) "length" | macron, macrocosm |
| magn- | great, large | Latin | magnus | magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnify, magnitude, magnum |
| magnet- | lodestone | Greek | μάγνης, μάγνητος (mágnēs, mágnētos) | bioelectromagnetism, biomagnetism, diamagnetic, diamagnetism, electromagnet, geomagnetic, magnesium, magnet, magnetic, magnetism, magnetite, magnetize, magnetobiology, magnetologist, magnetometer, magnetosome, manganese, paramagnetic, paramagnetism |
| maj- | greater | Latin | major, majus | majesty, major, majority, majuscule, mayor, semimajor, supermajority |
| mal- | bad, wretched | Latin | malus | dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malediction, malefaction, malevolent, malfeasance, malfunction, malice, malicious, malignancy, malnourished, malodorous, premalignant |
| mamm- | breast | Latin | mamma | mammal, mammary, mammography |
| man-, mant- (ΜΑΝ) | crazy | Greek | μαίνεσθαι (maínesthai), μανία (manía), μανικός (manikós), μάντις | hypermania, hypomania, kleptomania, mania, maniac, manic, megalomania, monomania, pyromania, pyromaniac |
| man- | flow | Latin | mānāre, mānātus | emanant, emanate, emanation, immanant, immanation |
| man- (MAN-) | stay | Latin | manēre, mansus | immanence, immanent, impermanence, impermanent, maisonette, manor, manorial, manse, mansion, ménage, menagerie, menial, meiny, messuage, nonpermanence, nonpermanent, permanence, permanent, quasipermanent, remain, remainder, remanence, remanent, remnant, semipermanent |
| man-, manu- | hand | Latin | manus | adminicle, amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, emancipate, mainour, maintain, manacle, manage, manageable, management, managerial, mandamus, mandate, manège, maneuver, manicure, manifer, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, maniform, maniple, manipulation, manipulative, maniraptoran, maniraptoriform, manner, mansuetude, manual, manuary, manubrial, manubrium, manuduction, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manuport, manure, manus, manuscript, mortmain, Quadrumana, quadrumanous |
| mand-, -mend- | order, commit | Latin | mandāre, mandātus | command, commandant, commandment, commend, commendable, commendam, commendation, commendatory, counterdemand, countermand, demand, demandant, encomienda, mandamus, mandatary, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendation, remand, remandment |
| mar- | sea | Latin | mare, maris | maar, mariculture, marina, marinade, marinara, marinate, marination, marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, ultramarine |
| mas- | male, man | Latin | mās, māris, masculus, masculi | emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, masculate, masculine, masculinity |
| mater-, matr- | mother | Latin | mater, matris | maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron |
| maxim- | greatest | Latin | maximus | maxim, maximal, maximum, submaximal |
| mechan- | machine or instrument | Greek | μῆχος, μηχανή (mēkhanḗ), μηχανικός (mēkhanikós) | machine, mechane, mechanics, mechanism, mechanize, mechanobiology, mechanophilia, mechanophobia |
| medi-, -midi- | middle | Latin | medius, mediare | dimidiation, immediate, intermediary, mean, media, median, mediate, mediation, medieval, mediocre, Mediterranean, medium, moiety, multimedia, postmeridian, submediant |
| meg-, megal- | great, large | Greek | μέγας, μεγάλου (mégas, megálou) | acromegaly, Megacles, megacycle, megalomania, megalopolis, megaphone |
| mei- | less | Greek | μεῖον (meîon), μείωσις (meíōsis) | ameiosis, ameiotic, meiobenthos, meiosis, meiotic |
| melan- | black, dark | Greek | μέλας, μέλανος (mélas, mélanos), μελανότης | amelanism, aphaeomelanism, eumelanin, hypermelanic, melancholic, melancholy, Melanesia, melanin, melanism, melanoblastoma, melanocyte, melanoma, melanophobia, melanophore, melanosis, melatonin, neuromelanin, pheomelanin |
| melior- | better | Latin | meliorare "to improve", from melior "better" | ameliorate, amelioration, meliorism |
| meliss- | bee | Greek | μέλισσα (mélissa) | melissophobia |
| mell- | honey | Latin | mel, mellis | melliferous, mellific, mellifluence, mellifluent, mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous |
| memor- | remember | Latin | memor | commemorate, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia, memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remembrance |
| men- | month | Greek | μήν (mḗn) | menopause, menorrhea |
| mening- | membrane | Greek | μήνιγξ, μῆνιγγος (mēninx, mēningos) | leptomeninges, meninges, meningioma, meningitis, meninx |
| mend- | defect, fault | Latin | mendax "lying, a liar", from menda "defect, fault" | amend, amendment, emend, mendacious, mendacity |
| menstru- | monthly | Latin | menstruus | menstrual, menstruation |
| mensur- | measure | Latin | mensura "measurement", from metiri "to measure" | commensurable, commensurate, dimension, immense, incommensurable, incommensurate, measure |
| ment- | mind | Latin | mens, mentis | comment, dement, dementia, memento, mental, mentality, mention, reminisce, reminiscence |
| mer- | part | Greek | μείρεσθαι (meíresthai), μέρος (méros) | antimere, antimeria, biopolymer, decamer, decamerous, dimer, dimeric, dimerism, dimerous, enantiomer, enneamer, heptamer, heterodimer, heterotetramer, hexamer, homodimer, homotetramer, isomer, isomeric, isomerism, mereology, merisis, merism, meristem, meristematic, meristic, meromorphic, metamere, metamerism, Moirai, monomer, monomeric, octamer, oligomer, oligomeric, pentamer, pentamerous, photopolymer, phytomer, polymer, tautomerism, telomer, telomere, tetramer, tetrameric, trimer, trimerize |
| merc- | reward, wages, hire | Latin | merx (genitive mercis) | amercement, commerce, commercial, market, mercantile, mercenary, mercery, merchandise, merchant, mercy, noncommercial |
| merge-, mers- | dip, plunge | Latin | mergere | demerge, demersal, demerse, demersion, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent, emersion, immerge, immergence, immerse, immersible, immersion, immersive, merge, reemerge, reemergence, reimmerse, submerge, submergence, submerse, submersible, submersion |
| mes- | middle | Greek | μέσος (mésos) | Mesolithic, mesophile, mesophilic, mesoscopic, mesosphere, mesozoic |
| met-, meta- | above, among, beyond | Greek | μετά (metá) | metabolism, metalogic, metamorphic, metamorphosis, metaphase, metaphor, metaphysics, metastatic, meteor, method |
| metall- | mine | Greek | μέταλλον (métallon), μεταλλικός (metallikós) | dimetallic, electrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, metallic, metalloid, metallophobia, metallophone, metallurgist, metallurgy, organometallic, polymetal, polymetallic, pyrometallurgy, tetrametallic, trimetallic |
| meter-, metr- | measure | Greek | μέτρον (métron) | anemometer, anemometric, antisymmetric, antisymmetry, asymmetric, asymmetry, axonometric, barometer, barometric, bathometer, chronometer, diameter, diametric, dysmetria, graphometer, hexameter, hygrometer, hygrometry, isodiametric, isometric, isoperimetric, meter, metre, metric, metrology, metronome, monosymmetric, parameter, parameterize, parametric, parametrize, pentameter, perimeter, polymeter, symmetric, symmetry, telemeter, telemetric, telemetry, tetrameter, thermometer, trimeter, trimetric |
| metr- | mother | Greek | μήτηρ, μητρός (mḗtēr, mētrós), μητρικός (mētrikós) | haplometrosis, metrocyte, metropolis, pleometrosis |
| mic- | grain | Latin | mica | mica, micelle |
| micr- | small | Greek | μικρός (mikrós), μικρότης | microbe, microcosm, microeconomics, micrometer, microphone, microscope, microscopic |
| migr- | wander | Latin | migrare | countermigration, emigrant, emigrate, emigration, émigré, immigrant, immigrate, immigration, migrant, migrate, migration, migrational, migratory, nonmigratory, remigrant, remigrate, remigration, transmigrant, transmigrate, transmigration, transmigratory |
| milit- | soldier | Latin | mīles, militis | militant, military, militia |
| mill- | thousand | Latin | mille | mile, millennium, million |
| millen- | thousand each | Latin | milleni | millenarian, millenary |
| mim- | repeat | Greek | μιμεῖσθαι (mimeîsthai), μιμητικός (mimētikós), μίμος (mímos) | mime, mimeograph, mimesis, mimetic, mimic, necromimesis, pantomime, phenomime, psychomime, psychomimetic |
| min- | jut | Latin | minere | eminence, eminent, imminence, imminent, preeminence, preeminent, prominence, prominent, promontory, supereminence, supereminent |
| min- | less, smaller | Latin | minor, minus | administer, administration, administrative, administrator, administratrix, maladminister, maladministration, minestrone, minister, ministerial, ministerialis, ministerium, ministrant, ministrate, ministration, ministrative, ministry, minor, minority, minstrel, minstrelsy, minus, minuscule, quasiminuscule, semiminor |
| mina- | lead | Latin | minare, variant of minari | amenable, demeanor, promenade |
| mina- | threaten | Latin | minari | menace, minatory |
| minth- | mint | Greek | μίνθα (míntha), μίνθη (mínthē), μινθάριον | Acanthomintha, Mentha, menthol, mint, Minthostachys |
| mir- | wonder, amazement | Latin | mirus, miror, mirari, miratus sum | admirability, admirable, admiration, admirative, admire, marvel, marvelous, miracle, miraculous, mirage, Miranda, mirative, mirativity, mirror |
| mis- | hate | Greek | μισεῖν (miseîn), μῖσος (mîsos) | misandrist, misandry, misanthrope, misanthropy, misocainea, misogamist, misogamy, misogynist, misogyny, misoneism, misopaedia, misophonia, misotheism |
| misc-, mixt- | mix | Latin | miscere, mixtus | admix, admixtion, admixture, commix, commixture, immiscibility, immiscible, immix, immixture, intermix, intermixture, maslin, meddle, mestizo, Métis, miscellanea, miscellaneous, miscellany, miscibility, miscible, mix, mixture, permiscible, permix, permixtion, postmix, premix, promiscuity, promiscuous, remix |
| miser- | unhappy, wretched | Latin | miser | commiserate, commiseration, immiserate, immiseration, miser, miserable, misericord, misery |
| mit-, miss- (MIT-) | send | Latin | mittere, missus | admissibility, admissible, admission, admissive, admit, admittatur, admittee, commissar, commissariat, commissary, commission, commissive, commissural, commissure, commit, commitment, committal, committee, compromis, compromise, compromissary, decommission, decommit, decommitment, demise, demiss, demit, dimissory, dimit, dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, emissary, emission, emissitious, emissive, emissivity, emit, emittent, entremet, fideicommissary, fideicommissum, impermissible, inadmissibility, inadmissible, intermission, intermittent, intromissible, intromission, intromissive, intromit, intromittent, manumission, manumit, mess, message, messenger, missile, mission, missionary, missive, mittimus, noncommittal, omissible, omission, omissive, omit, permissible, permission, permissive, permissory, permit, permittee, premise, premiss, premit, pretermission, pretermit, promise, promisee, promissive, promissory, readmission, readmit, recommit, remise, remiss, remissible, remission, remissive, remissory, remit, remittal, remittance, remittee, remittence, remittent, remittitur, resubmit, retransmission, retransmit, subcommittee, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmissibility, transmissible, transmission, transmissive, transmit, transmittal |
| mit- | thread | Greek | μίτος (mítos) | mitochondrion, mitosis, mitospore |
| mn- | | Greek | μνᾶ (mnâ) | mina, mna |
| mne- | memory | Greek | μνᾶσθαι (mnâsthai), μνήμη (mnḗmē) | amnesia, amnesty, anamnesis, anamnestic, dysmnesia, Mneme, mneme, mnemonic |
| mod- | measure, change | Latin | modus "measure" | accommodate, accommodation, accommodative, accommodator, bimodal, bimodality, bimodular, bimodule, commode, commodification, commodious, commodity, decommodification, demodulate, demodulation, demodulator, immodest, immodesty, intermodal, intermodulation, modal, modality, mode, model, moderate, moderation, moderato, moderator, modern, modernity, modest, modesty, modicum, modification, modify, modiolus, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulo, modulus, multimodal, multimodality, postmodern, postmodernity, Quasimodo, remodel, remodulate, supermodel, trimodal, trimodality, ultramodern, ultramodernity, unimodal, unimodality, unimodular, unimodularity |
| mol- | grind | Latin | mola, molere, molitus | demolition, molar |
| moll- | soft | Latin | mollis | emollience, emollient, moil, mollescence, mollescent, mollient, mollification, mollify, mollitude, mollusc, molluscicide, molluscivore, mollusk |
| mon- | alone, only | Greek | μόνος (mónos), μονάς, μονάδος (monás, monádos) | monachism, monad, monadic, monarchy, monastery, monastic, monasticism, monatomic, monism, monist, monk, monoid, monolith, monometer, monopod, monopoly, monopsony, monotone |
| mon- | warn | Latin | monere, monitus | admonish, admonishment, admonition, admonitor, admonitory, monition, monitor, monitory, monument, monumental, premonition, premonitory, resummon, summon |
| monil- | string of beads | Latin | monile | monilifer, moniliform, Moniliformida |
| monstra- | show | Latin | monstrāre | counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrator, demonstrable, demonstrant, demonstrate, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstrator, demonstratory, indemonstrable, monster, monstrance, monstration, monstrosity, monstrous, muster, premonstrant, premonstrate, Premonstratensian, premonstration, premonstrator, remonstrance, remonstrant, remonstrate, remonstration, remonstrative |
| mont- | mountain | Latin | mons, montis | amount, Belmont, cismontane, dismount, insurmountable, intermontane, montage, montan, Montana, montane, montant, monticello, monticule, montiform, montigenous, mount, mountaineer, mountainous, nonremontant, paramount, piedmont, remontancy, remontant, remontoire, remount, submontane, surmount, surmountable, tantamount, tramontana, tramontane, transmontane, ultramontane, Vermont |
| mor- | foolish, dull | Greek | μωρός (mōrós) | moron, moronic, oxymoron, oxymoronic, sophomore, sophomoric |
| mor- | pause, delay | Latin | morari "to delay", from mora "a pause, delay" | demur, demure, demurrable, demurrage, demurral, demurrer, mora, moratorium, remora, remorate |
| mor- | custom, disposition | Latin | mos, moris | immoral, immorality, moral, morale, morality, mores, morigerous, morose, morosity |
| mord- | bite | Latin | mordere, morsus | mordacious, mordacity, mordancy, mordant, mordent, mordente, mordicancy, mordicant, mordication, mordicative, morsel, morsitation, premorse, remorse |
| morph- | form, shape | Greek | μορφή (morphḗ) | allomorph, amorphous, anamorph, anamorphic, anamorphism, anamorphosis, anthropomorphism, apomorphy, autapomorphy, automorphism, catamorphism, dimorphic, dimorphism, dysmorphic, dysmorphophobia, ectomorph, ectomorphic, enantiomorph, enantiomorphic, endomorph, endomorphic, epimorphism, geomorphology, hemimorphic, holomorph, holomorphic, holomorphism, homeomorphic, homeomorphism, homomorphic, homomorphism, hylomorphism, hypermorphosis, isomorphic, isomorphism, mesomorph, mesomorphic, metamorphic, metamorphism, metamorphosis, monomorphic, monomorphism, morpheme, Morpheus, morphine, morphology, morphosyntactic, morphosyntax, paramorph, peramorphism, peramorphosis, perimorph, plesiomorphy, polymorphic, polymorphism, pseudomorph, synapomorphy, teleomorph, teleomorphic, theriomorphic, trimorphic, trimorphism, zoomorph, zoomorphism |
| mort- | death | Latin | mors, mortis | antemortem, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, mortiferous, mortification, mortuary |
| mov-, mot-, mut- | move, motion | Latin | movere, motus | admove, amotion, amove, bimotor, cocommutator, commotion, commove, commutable, commutation, commutative, commutativity, commutator, commute, countermotion, countermove, countermovement, demote, demotion, emotion, emotional, emotive, emotivity, emove, equimomental, immobile, immutable, immutation, immute, incommutable, locomotion, locomotive, mobile, mobility, molt, moment, momental, momentaneous, momentary, momentous, momentum, motation, motif, motile, motility, motion, motional, motivate, motivation, motivational, motivator, motive, motor, moult, movant, move, movement, movent, mutability, mutable, mutate, mutation, mutineer, mutinous, mutiny, mutual, mutuality, noncommutative, noncommutativity, nonmotile, nonmotility, nonmutual, pari-mutuel, permutable, permutate, permutation, permutational, permute, promote, promotion, promotional, promotive, promotor, promove, remote, remotion, removal, remove, subpermutation, transmove, transmutable, transmutate, transmutation, transmute, transmutual, trimotor |
| mulg-, muls- | milk | Latin | mulgere | emulsion |
| multi- | many, much | Latin | multus | multilingual, multiple, multiplex, multiplication, multiplicity, multiply, multitude, multitudinous |
| mund- | world | Latin | mundus | anima mundi, antemundane, demimondaine, demimonde, extramundane, intramundane, map, mondain, mondaine, mondial, mondo, mundane, mundanity, ultramundane |
| mur- | wall | Latin | mūrus, muri | antemural, immuration, immure, immurement, intramural, murage, mural |
| mus- | mouse | Greek/Latin | μῦς, μυός (mûs, muós) / mus, muris | musophobia |
| musc- | fly | Latin | musca, muscae | Musca, muscarine, Muscicapa, Muscicapidae, Muscidae, musciform, mosquito |
| mut- | change | Latin | mūtare | immutable, mutation, permutation, transmute |
| my- | mouse | Greek | μῦς, μυός (mûs, muós), μυών | amyotrophic, electromyogram, electromyograph, electromyography, endomysium, epimysium, murine, musophobia, myoelectric, myomancy, myomorphous, myomorphy, myopathy, myositis, myotome, Nectomys, Oryzomys, perimysium, Sigmodontomys |
| my- | shut (the eyes) | Greek | μύειν (múein), μύσις (músis), μύστης (mústēs) | miosis, myopia, myopic, myosis, mystery |
| mycet- | fungus | Greek | μύκης, μύκητος (múkēs, múkētos) | ascomycete, basidiomycete, mycology, Mycoplasma, zygomycete, zygomycosis |
| mydr- | dilate | Greek | μύδρος, μυδρίασις (mudríasis) | mydriasis |
| myel- | marrow | Greek | μυελός (muelós) | amyelia, myeloblast, myelocyte, myelogenous, myeloid, myelopoiesis, poliomyelitis |
| myl- | mill | Greek | μύλη (múlē), μύλος (múlos) | amyloid, amyloidosis, amylolysis, amylopectin, amylophagia, amyloplast, amylose, amylum |
| myo- | muscle | Greek | μυς (mys) | leiomyoma |
| myri- | countless, ten thousand | Greek | μυρίος (muríos) | myriad, myriagon, myriagram, myriapod, myriapodology |
| myrmec- | ant | Greek | μύρμηξ (múrmēx) | myrmecochory, myrmecoid, myrmecology, myrmecophobia, Myrmidons, myrmomancy |
| mys- | uncleanness | Greek | μύσος (músos) | mysophilia, mysophobia |
| myth- | story | Greek | μῦθος (mûthos) | mythic, mythology, mythomania, mythopoeia, mythos |
| myx- | slime | Greek | μύσσομαι, μύξα (múxa) | match, myxedema, myxoedema, Myxini, myxogastrid |
| myz- | suck | Greek | μυζάω (muzáō), μύζησις (múzēsis) | Myzopoda |
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## N

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| nap- | turnip | Latin | nāpus | napiform, neep |
| nar- | nostril | Latin | naris | internarial, nares, narial, naris, prenarial |
| narc- | numb | Greek | ναρκᾶν (narkân), νάρκη (nárkē) | narcolepsy, narcosis, narcotic |
| narr- | tell | Latin | narrare | counternarrative, inenarrable, narration, narrative, narrator |
| nas- | nose | Latin | nāsus | intranasal, nasal, nasalance, nasalis, nasality, nasolabial, nonnasal |
| nasc-, nat- | born | Latin | nascere, nāsci (past participle natus) | adnascent, adnate, adnation, agnate, agnatic, agnation, binational, cognate, cognatic, cognation, connascence, connascent, connate, connation, connatural, denature, enascent, enate, enatic, enation, impregnate, innate, international, multinational, nada, naïf, naissant, naïve, nascency, nascent, natal, natality, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, natural, naturality, nature, née, nonnative, postnatal, pregnancy, pregnant, prenatal, preternatural, renaissance, renaissant, renascence, renascent, renature, subnational, supernatural, supranational, transnational, transnationality |
| naut- | ship | Greek | ναῦς (naûs), ναύτης (naútēs) | aeronautic, Argonaut, astronaut, cosmonaut, nausea, nautical, nautilus |
| nav- | ship | Latin | nāvis | antenave, naval, nave, navicular, navigable, navigate, navy, nonnavigable |
| ne- | spin, thread | Greek | νεῖν (neîn), νῆσις "spinning", νῆμα, νήματος (nêma, nḗmatos) | axoneme, diplonema, leptonema, nematocyst, nematocyte, nematode, nematology, pachynema, synnema, treponema, zygonema |
| ne-, neo- | new | Greek | νέϝος, νέος (néos) | Neolithic, neologism, neon, neonate, neophyte |
| neb-, nub- | cloud | Latin | nebula, nubes | nebula, nebular, nebulosity, nebulous, nuance, nubilous, obnubilate |
| necr- | dead | Greek | νεκρός (nekrós), νέκρωσις (nékrōsis) | necromancy, Necronomicon, necrophilia, necrophobia, necropolis, necropsy, necrosis, necrospermia, necrotic, necrotize, necrotomy |
| nect- | swimming | Greek | νηκτός (nēktós) | nectopod, nekton |
| nect-, nex- | join, tie | Latin | nectere, nexus | adnexum, annectent, annex, annexation, annexion, connect, connexion, deannexation, disconnect, interconnect, nexus, reconnect |
| neg- | say no | Latin | negare | negative, renegade, renege |
| nem-, nom- | arrangement, law | Greek | νέμειν (némein), νομός (nomós), νόμος (nómos), νέμεσις (némesis), νομάς, νομάδος (nomás, nomádos), νομαδικός (nomadikós), νομαδία, νομή, νομίζειν (nomízein), νόμισμα (nómisma) | anomie, anomy, antinome, antinomic, antinomy, archnemesis, autonomy, isonomy, metronomic, nemesis, nomad, nomadic, nomadism, nomadize, nomarch, nomarchy, nome, nomology, nomothetic, Numidia, numismatics |
| nemat- | hair | Greek | νῆμα, νήματος (nêma, nḗmatos) | nematocyst, nematocyte, nematode, nematology |
| nemor- | grove, woods | Latin | nemus, nemoris | nemoral, nemorous |
| nephr- | kidney | Greek | νεφρός (nephrós) | mesonephric, mesonephros, metanephridium, metanephros, nephridiopore, nephridium, nephrite, nephritis, nephrogenesis, nephrolith, nephrolithiasis, nephrologist, nephrology, nephron, nephroptosis, nephrostome, pronephros, protonephridium |
| nerv- | sinew, nerve | Latin | nervus | enervate, enervation, enervative, innervate, innervation, nerval, nervate, nerve, nervose, nervosity, nervous, reinnervation, trinervate |
| nes- | island | Greek | νῆσος (nêsos) | Chersonesus, Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Peloponnese, Polynesia |
| neur- | nerve, sinew | Greek | νεῦρον (neûron) | aponeurosis, endoneurium, epineurium, neural, neurapraxia, neurasthenia, neuritis, neuroblast, neuroblastoma, neurocranium, neurocyte, neuroendocrine, neuroendocrinology, neurologic, neurologist, neurology, neuromorphology, neuron, neurone, neuropathic, neuropathology, neuropathy, neuroplastic, neurosis, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, neurotic, neuroticism, perineurium, polyneuropathy |
| nict- | beckon, wink | Latin | nictari | nictate, nictation, nictitate, nictitation |
| nigr- | black | Latin | niger | denigrate, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, negrita, nigrities, negrito, negritude, nigrescence, nigrescent, nigrine, nigritude |
| nihil- | nothing | Latin | nihilum | annihilate, annihilation, annihilator, nihil, nil |
| niv- | snow | Latin | nix, nivis | Nevada, névé, nival, nivation, niveus, subnival, subnivean |
| noc- | hurt, harm | Latin | nocere | innocence, innocent, innocuity, innocuous, innoxious, nocebo, nocent, nociception, nociceptive, nocifensor, nocument, nocuous, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious |
| noct- | night | Latin | nox (noctis) | equinoctial, equinox, noctambulous, noctiluca, noctilucent, noctule, nocturn, nocturnal, nocturnality, nocturne, notturno, seminocturnal, trinoctial |
| nod- | knot | Latin | nodus | acnode, binodal, crunode, denouement, extranodal, internodal, internode, intranodal, multinodal, nodal, node, nodose, nodosity, nodular, nodulation, nodule, nodulose, nodulus, nodus, supernode, tacnode, trinodal, uninodal |
| nom- | arrangement, law, order | Greek | νόμος (nómos), νομή | agronomy, antinomy, astronomy, autonomous, autonomy, bionomics, economics, economy, gastronomy, metronome, numismatic, polynomial, taxonomy |
| nomad- | those who let pasture herds | Greek | νομάς, νομάδος (nomás, nomádos), νομαδικός (nomadikós) | nomad, nomadic, nomadism, nomadize |
| nomen-, nomin- | name | Latin | nomen, nominis | agnomen, agnominal, agnomination, binomen, binominal, denomination, denominational, denominative, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, innominate, innomine, interdenominational, multidenominational, multinominal, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, nomination, nominative, nominator, nominee, nondenominational, noun, postnominal, praenomen, prenominal, pronominal, pronoun, redenomination, renominate, renown, surnominal, trinomen, trinominal |
| non- | not | Latin | non | none, nonexistent, non-fiction, noninvasive |
| non- | ninth | Latin | nōnus | nonary, None, nonet, noon |
| nonagen- | ninety each | Latin | nonageni | nonagenarian, nonagenary |
| nonagesim- | ninetieth | Latin | nonagesimus | nonagesimal |
| norm- | carpenter's square | Latin | norma | abnormal, abnormality, binormal, circumnormal, denormal, enormity, enormous, nonnormal, nonnormative, norm, normable, normal, normality, normative, quasinorm, seminorm, seminormable, seminormal, subnormal |
| not- | south | Greek | νότος (nótos) | Notogaea, Notomys, Nototherium |
| not- | back | Greek | νῶτον (nôton), νῶτος, νωτιαῖος | notochord |
| not- | letter, mark, note | Latin | notare | annotate, annotation, annotator, connotation, connotational, connotative, connote, denotation, denotational, denotative, denotatum, denote, nondenotative, nonnotable, nonnotational, notability, notable, notarial, notariat, notary, notate, notation, notational |
| noth- | spurious | Greek | νόθος (nóthos) | nothogenus |
| nov-, nome-, non-, novem- | nine | Latin | novem | November, novennial, Nonillion, Nomedecillion |
| nov- | new | Latin | novus | innovate, innovation, innovational, innovative, innovator, innovatory, nova, novation, novel, novella, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovatable, renovate, renovation, renovative, renovator, supernova |
| noven- | nine each | Latin | noveni | Novena, novenary |
| novendec- | nineteen | Latin | novendecim | novemdecillion |
| nox- | harm | Latin | noxa | noxious, obnoxious |
| nu- | nod | Latin | nuere | circumnutate, circumnutation, counternutation, innuendo, innuent, numen, numinous, nutant, nutation |
| nub-, nupt- | to marry, to wed | Latin | nubes, nubis, nubere | connubial, connubiality, nubile, nuptial, postnuptial, prenuptial |
| nuc- | nut | Latin | nux, nucis | enucleate, enucleation, extranuclear, internuclear, intranuclear, multinucleate, nougat, nucament, nucellar, nucellus, nucifer, nuciferine, nuciferous, nuciform, Nucifraga, nucivorous, nuclear, nucleate, nucleation, nucleolar, nucleolate, nucleolus, nucleus, pronuclear, pronucleus, supranuclear |
| nuch- | back of neck | Latin | nucha | nuchal cord |
| nud- | naked | Latin | nudus | denudation, denude, nonnude, nude, nudist, nudity, seminude, seminudity |
| null- | none | Latin | nullus | nullify |
| numer- | number | Latin | numerus | denumerable, enumerable, enumerate, enumeration, enumerative, enumerator, equinumerant, equinumerous, innumerable, innumeracy, innumerate, innumerous, nonenumerative, numerable, numeracy, numéraire, numeral, numerary, numerate, numeration, numerative, numerator, numerical, numero, numerosity, numerous, renumerate, supernumerary |
| nunci- | announce | Latin | nuntius | announce, announcement, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denunciation, enounce, enouncement, enunciable, enunciate, enunciation, enunciative, internuncial, internuncio, nunciature, nuncio, obnounce, pronounce, pronouncement, pronunciation, pronuntiatio, renounce, renouncement, renunciation |
| nutri- | nourish | Latin | nutrire | innutrition, malnourish, malnourishment, malnutrition, nonnutritional, nourish, nourishment, nurse, nurturance, nurture, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious |
| nyct- | night | Greek | νύξ, νυκτός (núx, nuktós) | nyctalgia, nyctanthous, nyctinasty, nyctophilia, nyctophobia |
| nyst- | nod | Greek | νυστάζειν (nustázein), (nustagmós) | electronystagmography, nystagmic, nystagmus |
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## O

| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
| ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os- | against | Latin | ob | obduracy, obdurate, obduration, obfuscate, oblique, obliquity, obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostensible, ostentatious |
| obel- | spit, nail | Greek | ὀβελός (obelós), ὀβελίσκος (obelískos) | metobelus, obelisk, obelism, obelus |
| obol- | nail | Greek | ὀβολός, ὀβολοῦ (obolós, oboloû) | obol, obolus |
| ocean- | river, stream | Greek | ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) | Oceania, oceanic |
| ochl- | crowd, mob | Greek | ὄχλος, ὄχλου (ókhlos, ókhlou) | enochlophobia, ochlocracy, ochlophobia |
| oct- | eight | Greek | ὀκτώ (oktṓ), ὀκτάς (oktás), ὀκτάκις (oktákis) "eight times" | hemi-octahedron, octad, octadic, octagon, octahedron, octameter, octode |
| oct- | eight | Latin | octō | octangular, octennial, octovir |
| octav- | eighth | Latin | octāvus | octaval |
| octogen- | eighty each | Latin | octogeni | octogenarian, octogenary |
| octogesim- | eightieth | Latin | octogesimus | octogesimal |
| octon- | eight each | Latin | octoni | octonary |
| ocul- | eye | Latin | oculus, oculare | ocular, oculus, ullage |
| od- | path, way | Greek | ὁδός (hodós) | anode, diode, odometer, parodos, pentode, tetrode, triode |
| odi- | hate | Latin | odium | odious |
| odont- | tooth | Greek | ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús, odóntos) | anodontia, conodont, cynodont, dicynodont, dysodontiasis, macrodontia, mastodon, odontoid, odontology, odontophore, orthodontics, orthodontist, pedodontics, periodontal, smilodon, Thrinaxodon, Zanclodon |
| odor- | fragrant | Latin | odor | malodorous, odoriferous, odorous |
| odyn- | pain | Greek | ὀδύνη (odúnē) | allodynia, anodyne, glossodynia, mastodynia, pleurodynia |
| oec- | house | Greek | ϝοῖκος (woîkos), οἶκος (oîkos) | andromonecy, archdiocese, autoecious, autoecism, dioecious, dioecy, ecesis, ecologist, ecology, economics, economist, economize, economy, ecoregion, ecosystem, ecumenic, ecumenism, gynomonoecy, heteroecious, heteroecism, heteroecy, homoecious, monoecious, monoecy, oecology, oeconomus, oecumenic, oikology, oikophobia, palaeoecology, paleoecology, parish, paroecious, perioeci, trioecious |
| oed-, ed- | swell, swollen | Greek | οἶδος (oîdos), οἰδεῖν (oideîn), οἴδημα, οἴδηματος (oídēma, oídēmatos) | angioedema, edema, edematous, oedema, oedematous |
| oen- | wine | Greek | ϝοῖνος (woînos), οἶνος (oînos) | enology, oenochoe, oenologist, oenology, oenophile, oenophilia, oinochoe |
| oesophag- | gullet | Greek | οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos) | oesophagectomy, oesophagitis, oesophagus |
| oestr- | gadfly, sting | Greek | οἶστρος (oîstros), οἰστράω, οἴστρησις, οἴστρημα | anestrous, anestrus, anoestrus, estrogen, estrogenic, estrus, oestrone, oestrus |
| ogdo- | eighth | Greek | ὄγδοος (ógdoos), ὀγδοάς, ὀγδοάδος (ogdoás, ogdoádos) | ogdoad |
| -oid | like | Greek | -οειδής (-oeidēs) | asteroid, mucoid, organoid |
| ole- | oil | Latin | oleum | oleosity |
| olecran- | skull of elbow | Latin from Greek | ὠλέκρανον (ōlékranon) | olecranon |
| olig- | few | Greek | ὀλίγος (olígos) | oligarchy, Oligocene, oligopoly, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic |
| oliv- | olive | Latin | oliva | olivaceous, olivary, olivette |
| om- | raw | Greek | ὠμός (ōmós), ὠμότης (ōmótēs) "rawness" | omophagia, Omophagus |
| om- | shoulder | Greek | ὦμος (ômos), ὠμία (ōmía) | acromion, omohyoid, omophorion |
| -oma | morbid growth, tumor | Greek | -ωμα | melanoma |
| omas- | paunch | Latin | omasum | abomasum, omasum |
| ombr- | rain | Greek | ὄμβρος (ómbros) | ombrogenous, ombrology, ombrometer, Ombrophila, ombrophilous, ombrophobe, ombrotrophic |
| oment- | fat skin | Latin | omentum | omental |
| omin- | creepy | Latin | omen, ominis | abominable, ominous |
| ommat- | eye | Greek | ὁράω, ὦμμαι, ὄμμα, ὄμματος (ómma, ómmatos) | ommatidium, ommatophore |
| omni- | all | Latin | omnis | omnipotence, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivore |
| omphal- | navel | Greek | ὀμφαλός (omphalós) | omphalectomy, omphalic, omphalopagus, omphalophobia, paromphalocele |
| on- | ass | Greek | ὄνος (ónos), ὀνίσκος (onískos) | Oniscidea, Oniscomorpha |
| onc- | barb, hook | Greek | ὄγκος, ὄγκινος (ónkinos) | Oncinocalyx, Oncorhynchus |
| onc- (ΕΓΚ) | bulk | Greek | ἐνεγκεῖν, ὄγκος (ónkos), ὀγκόω, ὀγκωτός, ὄγκωσις, ὄγκωμα | oncocyte, oncocytoma, oncogenesis, oncologist, oncology |
| oneir- | dream | Greek | ὄνειρος (óneiros), ὀνειρώσσω, ὀνείρωξις (oneírōxis) | oneiric, oneirism, oneirocritic, Oneirocritica, Oneirodidae, oneirogen, oneirogenic, Oneiroi, oneiroid, oneirology, oneiromancy, oneironaut, oneironautics, oneirophobia, oneirophrenia, oneiroscopy |
| oner- | burden, load | Latin | onus, oneris | exonerate, exoneration, onerous, onus |
| oni- | price | Greek | ὦνος (ônos), ὤνιος (ṓnios) | oniochalasia, oniomania, oniomaniac |
| onomat- | name | Greek | ὄνομα, ὀνόματος (ónoma, onómatos), ὀνομάζω, ὀνομαστικός (onomastikós) | antonomasia, onomasiology, onomastic, onomasticon, onomastics, onomasty, onomatology, onomatophore, onomatopoeia |
| ont- | being, existence | Greek | ὄντος, ὀντότης (óntos, ontótēs), οὐσία (ousía) | dysontogenesis, homoiousia, homoousia, monoousious, ontogenesis, ontogenetic, ontogeny, ontology, ousia, parousia |
| onych- | claw | Greek | ὄνυξ, ὄνυχος (ónux, ónukhos), ὀνύχιον (onúkhion), ὀνύχινος, ὀνυχίζω | hapalonychia, Mesonychia, onychectomy, onycholysis, onychomancy, onychomycosis, onychophagia, onychophagy, onychorrhexis, onyx, paronychia, sardonyx |
| onym- | name | Greek | ὄνυμα (ónuma) | acronym, allonym, anonymous, antonym, autonym, caconym, cryptonym, eponym, eponymous, eponymy, euonym, homonym, hyperonym, hyponym, hyponymy, meronym, meronymy, metonym, metonymy, metronymic, paronym, paronymous, pseudonym, pseudonymous, synonym, synonymous, synonymy, tautonym, tautonymous, tautonymy, troponym, troponymy, xenonym, xenonymy |
| oo- | egg | Greek | ᾠόν (ōión) | bottarga, dioon, epoophoron, oidioid, oidium, ooblast, oocyst, oocyte, oocytogenesis, oogamete, oogamous, oogamy, oogenesis, oogonium, ooid, oolite, oolith, oology, oomancy, oophagy, oophorectomy, oophoron, ootheca, ootid, ootidogenesis, paroophoron |
| op- | hole | Greek | ὀπή (opḗ), ὀπαῖον (opaîon) | metope, opaion |
| opac- | shady | Latin | opacus | opacity, opacus, opaque |
| oper- | work | Latin | opus, operis | cooperate, inoperable, opera, operate, opus |
| oper- | cover | Latin | operire, operculum | interoperculum, kerchief, opercular, operculiform, operculum |
| ophi- | snake | Greek | ὄφις, ὄφεως (óphis, ópheōs) | Brachyurophis, ophicephalous, Ophicephalus, Ophiceras, Ophiclinus, ophidiophobia, ophiolite, ophiologist, ophiology, ophiophagous, Ophiophagus, ophiophagy, ophiophobia, Ophisaurus, Ophisops, ophitic |
| ophthalm- | eye | Greek | ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós) | exophthalmic, exophthalmos, microphthalmia, ophthalmia, ophthalmic, ophthalmologic, ophthalmologist, ophthalmology, ophthalmoparesis, ophthalmoplegia, parophthalmia, xerophthalmia |
| opisth- | behind | Greek | ὄπισθεν (ópisthen), ὀπίσθιος | anopisthograph, opisthion, opisthobranch, opisthodomos, opisthoglyphous, opisthognathous, opisthograph, opisthokont, opisthosoma, opsimath, opsimathy |
| ops-, opt- (ΟΠ) | eye | Greek | ὄψεσθαι (ópsesthai), ὀπτός (optós), ὀπτικός (optikós), ὄψις (ópsis) | amblyopia, anopia, autopsy, biopsy, catadioptrics, catoptrics, catoptromancy, catoptrophobia, cyclops, diopter, dioptre, dioptrics, diplopia, eisoptrophobia, emmetropia, hemianopsia, myopia, opsoclonus, optic, optokinetic, panopticon, pleoptics, synopsis, synoptic, tritanopia |
| opsi- | late | Greek | ὀψέ (opsé), ὄψιος | opsimath |
| opson- | cook, prepare for eating | Greek | ὀψωνεῖν (opsōneîn), (opsōnia) | opsonin, opsonoid |
| opt- | choose | Latin | optare | adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-option, coopt, cooptation, nonoptional, opt, optation, optative, option, optional, optionality |
| optim- | best | Latin | optimus | optimal, optimum |
| or-, oro- | mountain | Greek | ὄρος, ὄρεος (óros, óreos), ὀρειάς | Oread, orogenesis, orogenic, orogeny, orographic, orography, oronym |
| or- | mouth | Latin | os (genitive oris) "mouth" | adosculation, inosculate, inosculation, interosculate, intraoral, oral, orifice, osculant, osculum, peroral |
| ora- | pray, plead | Latin | orare "to pray, plead" | adore, adoration, exorable, inexorable, oracle, orate, oration, orator, oratorio, oratory, orison, perorate, peroration, perorator |
| orb- | circle | Latin | orbis | orbit |
| orch- | testicle | Greek | ὄρχις (órkhis), ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion) | anorchia, cryptorchidism, monorchism, orchid, orchiectomy, orchiopexy, Orchis, polyorchidism |
| orches- | dance | Greek | ὀρχεῖσθαι (orkheîsthai) | orchestra |
| ordin- | order | Latin | ōrdō, ordinis | coordinal, coordinate, coordination, coordinator, disorder, extraordinaire, extraordinary, grandorder, incoordinate, incoordination, infraorder, inordinate, inordination, insubordinate, insubordination, magnorder, mirorder, ordain, ordainment, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinand, ordinariate, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordinative, ordnance, ornery, parvorder, preordain, preorder, preordination, quasiorder, reordain, reorder, reordination, suborder, subordinary, subordinate, subordination, superordain, superorder, superordinate, superordination |
| oreg- | reach | Greek | ὀρέγειν (orégein), ὀρεκτός (orektós), ὀρεκτικός (orektikós), ὄρεξις (órexis), ὄρεγμα (óregma) | anorectic, anorexia, dysorexia, orectic, orexin, parorexia |
| org- | work | Greek | ὄργια (órgia) | orgasm |
| organ- | organ, instrument, tool | Greek | ὄργανον (órganon) | organic, organism, organogenesis |
| ori-, ort- | rise | Latin | oriri, ortus | aboriginal, abort, abortifacient, abortion, abortive, disorient, disorientation, orient, oriental, Orientalia, orientate, orientation, orientational, orientative, origin, original, originality, originate, origination, originator, reorient, reorientation |
| orn- | decorate | Latin | ōrnāre | adorn, adornment, ornament, ornamental, ornamentation, ornate, ornative, ornature, suborn, subornation |
| ornith- | bird | Greek | ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος (órnis, órnithos) | Avernus, ornithology, ornithomancy, ornithorhynchus, ornithosis |
| orphan- | | Greek | ὀρφανός (orphanós), ὀρφανότης | orphan |
| orth- | straight | Greek | ὀρθός (orthós), ὀρθότης | orthocenter, orthocentric, orthodontia, orthodontic, orthodontist, orthodox, orthodoxy, orthographic, ortholog, orthologous, orthonym, orthopedic, orthoscope, orthosis, orthostat, orthostyle, orthotic |
| oryz- | rice | Greek | ὄρυζα (óruza), ὀρύζιον | Oryza, Oryzomys, rice, risotto |
| oscill- | swing | Latin | oscillum | oscillate, oscillation, oscillator, oscillatory |
| osm- | odor | Greek | ὀσμή (osmḗ), ὄσμησις | anosmia, anosmic, cacosmia, coprosmia, dysosmia, dysosmic, euosmia, hyperosmia, hyperosmic, hyposmia, hyposmic, osmium, osmolagnia, osmophobia, osphresiolagnia, parosmia, phantosmia, troposmia |
| osm- | push, thrust | Greek | ὠσμός (ōsmós) | osmometry, osmosis, osmostat, osmotic |
| oss- | bone | Latin | os, ossis | exossation, interosseous, ossature, osselet, osseocartilaginous, osseointegration, osseous, ossicle, ossicular, ossiferous, ossification, ossifrage, ossify, ossuary |
| oste- | bone | Greek | ὀστέον, ὀστέου (ostéon, ostéou), ὀστοῦν, ὀστοῦ (ostoûn, ostoû) | dysostosis, endosteum, exostosis, hyperostosis, monostotic, Osteichthyes, osteoarthritis, osteoblast, osteochondritis, osteochondrosis, osteoclast, osteogenic, osteogenesis, osteoid, osteology, osteolysis, osteoma, osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, osteopathy, osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteosis, osteothrombosis, osteotome, osteotomy, periosteum, synostosis |
| osti- | entrance | Latin | ostium | ostiary, ostiolar, ostiole, ostium |
| ostrac- | shell | Greek | ὄστρειον (óstreion), ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō), ὄστρακον (óstrakon) | Entomostraca, Leptostraca, Malacostraca, ostracism, ostracize, ostracod, ostracoderm, ostracon, periostracum |
| ostre- | oyster | Greek | ὄστρεον | ostreophagist, oyster |
| ot- | ear | Greek | οὖς, ὠτός (oûs, ōtós) | anotia, Aotus, microtia, Myosotis, otalgia, otic, otitis, otocephaly, otocleisis, otoconium, otocyst, otodynia, otolith, otology, otopathy, otophyma, otoplasty, otorhinology, otorrhea, otosclerosis, otoscope, otoscopy, ototomy, parotic, parotid, periotic, synotia |
| ov- | egg | Latin | ovum | obovate, oval, ovarian, ovariole, ovary, ovate, ovicapsule, ovicidal, ovicide, oviduct, oviferous, oviform, oviposition, ovipositor, ovolo, ovular, ovulation, ovulatory, ovule, ovum, pluriovulate |
| ovi- | sheep | Latin | ovis | ovile, ovine |
| oxy- | sharp, pointed | Greek | ὀξύς (oxús) | anoxia, anoxic, dioxide, hypoxia, monoxide, oxide, oxyanion, oxygen, oxyhalide, oxymoron, oxyntic, oxytone, paroxysm, pentoxide, polyoxide, tetraoxygen, tetroxide, trioxide |
| oz- | smell | Greek | ὄζειν (ózein), ὄζων (ózōn), ὄζη | ozocerite, ozone, ozopore |