OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murdoch Maxwell MacOdrum

Murdoch Maxwell MacOdrum (May 30, 1901 – August 1, 1955) was the second president of Carleton College (later Carleton University) in Ottawa, Ontario. Born in Nova Scotia, MacOdrum got his B.A. from Dalhousie University in 1923, his MA in 1925 from McGill and a PhD in English from the University of Edinburgh. In 1935 he was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in Sydney, N.S., where he ministered for four years.
After a stint at the Dominion Coal and Steel Co. in Sydney, MacOdrum came to Ottawa in 1944 to sell war bonds. There he was recruited by Carleton College's founder and president, Henry Marshall Tory, to be his executive assistant and eventual successor. MacOdrum became president upon Tory's death in 1947.
MacOdrum successfully lobbied the Ontario government to give the young but as-yet-unrecognized college a charter and degree-granting powers, which it got in 1952. He also oversaw many of the land deals that would eventually lead to Carleton's move to a new Rideau River campus in 1958, though he died three years before that move actually took place. In his honour, the second building on the new campus was named the Maxwell MacOdrum Library. He died of a heart attack in 1955.
Upon his death, MacOdrum was succeeded by acting president James Alexander Gibson.
# Denkyira

Denkyira or Denkyera was a powerful nation of Akan people that existed before the 1620s, in what is now modern-day Ghana. Like all Akans, they originated from Bono state. Before 1620, Denkyira was called Agona. The ruler of the Denkyira was called Denkyirahene and the capital was Jukwaa. The first Denkyirahene was Mumunumfi.

## History

The capital was initially Jukwaa, but it was later moved to Abankeseso. The Denkyira state capital is now Dunkwa-on-Offin. Denkyira became powerful through gold production and trade with Europe.
In the 1690s, wars took place between Denkyira and the Asen and Twifo-Heman. The goal of these struggles was to keep open the trade routes to the coast and trade with the Fante State and Europeans.
The Denkyira state together with the Fante states dominated the trade with Europeans in Western Ghana while the Akwamu dominated trade with Europeans in Eastern Ghana.
The Denkyira state dominated the neighboring states apart from the Fante, Akwamu and Akyem. The Kwaaman were subjects and tributary to Denkyira Kingdom until 1701 the unitary state came together with the help of Okomfo Anokye, the Ashanti defeated Denkyira at the Battle of Feyiase, and Denkyira became a tributary to the Ashanti Empire. This was led by Ntim Gyakari the then Denkyirahene who is a son of Kwaaman hene and later Ashanti hene Otumfou Osie Tutu.
In 1868 Denkyira entered the Fante Confederacy to align with the powerful Fante Union. The Fante Confederacy had also at this time become allies of the British. The Ashanti Empire also were allies of the Dutch.
A recent ruler of the Denkyira was Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III until his death was announced on 2 December 2016.
# Inverell Hawks

Inverell Hawks Rugby League Football Club is an Australian rugby league football club based in Inverell, New South Wales. They conduct teams for Juniors & Seniors.

## Notable Juniors

* Peter Ellis (1997-03 Sydney Roosters & St George Illawarra Dragons)
* Owen Craigie (1995-00 Newcastle Knights, Wests Tigers & South Sydney Rabbitohs)
* Peter Ellis (1997-03 Sydney Roosters & St George Illawarra Dragons)
* Preston Campbell (1998-11 Cronulla Sharks, Penrith Panthers & Gold Coast Titans)
* Phil Bailey (1999-10 Cronulla Sharks & Wigan Warriors)
* Matt White (2005-16 Newcastle Knights, Gold Coast Titans & Melbourne Storm)
* Chris Bailey (2006-15 Newcastle Knights, Manly Sea Eagles & London Broncos)
* Bevan French (2016- Parramatta Eels & Wigan Warriors)
# Bogoso

Bogoso is the Capital town of the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District in the Western Region of Ghana. It's known for its rich gold mining activities and agricultural production.

## History

Bogoso's history is tied to gold mining, which has driven its economy since the colonial era. The town grew significantly in the 20th century with the establishment of mining companies like Golden Star Resources (Bogoso/Prestea Mine).
A tragic explosion occurred in Bogoso on January 20, 2022, when a motorcycle transporting mining explosives collided with a truck, killing at least 17 people and injuring dozens.

## Geography

Bogoso lies approximately 30 km northeast of Tarkwa and 50 km southeast of Takoradi. It is situated in a tropical rainforest zone, with seasonal rainfall supporting agriculture.

## Economy

* Mining: Bogoso is a hub for small-scale and industrial gold mining. The Bogoso/Prestea Mine, operated by Future Global Resources (FGR) as of 2023, has faced criticism for environmental and safety issues.
* Agriculture: Major crops include cocoa, oil palm, and cassava. Many residents engage in subsistence farming.

## Demographics

According to the 2010 Ghana Population and Housing Census, Bogoso had a population of 13,753. The Akan ethnic groups are predominant, with Wassa and Fante (Twi) as widely spoken languages.

## Infrastructure

* Transport: Bogoso is connected to the N1 highway, linking it to Accra and Takoradi. Public transport includes shared taxis ("trotros").
* Healthcare: The Bogoso Government Hospital and private clinics serve the town.
* Education: Public, Private, primary, and junior high schools exist, alongside St. Augustine Senior High School.

## Notable Events

* 2022 Explosion: The accidental detonation of mining explosives in Apiate, a suburb of Bogoso, in 2022 drew national attention to safety concerns in artisanal mining.

### Commodities

* Gold
* Diamonds
* Cocoa

### Rock types

* Basalt
* Mylonite
* Shale
# Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion. It may also be regarded as the sodium salt of periodic acid. Like many periodates, it can exist in two different forms: sodium metaperiodate (formula‍ NaIO$_4$) and sodium orthoperiodate (normally Na$_2$H$_3$IO$_6$, but sometimes the fully reacted salt Na$_5$IO$_6$). Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

## Preparation

Classically, periodate was produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (Na$_3$H$_2$IO$_6$). This commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide:
    NaIO$_3$ + Cl$_2$ + 4 NaOH → Na$_3$H$_2$IO$_6$ + 2NaCl + H$_2$O
    NaI + 4 Br$_2$ + 10 NaOH → Na$_3$H$_2$IO$_6$ + 8 NaBr + 4 H$_2$O
Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodates, on a lead dioxide (PbO$_2$) anode, with the following standard electrode potential:
    H$_5$IO$_6$ + H$^+$ + 2e$^−$ → IO−3 + 3 H$_2$O E° = 1.6 V
Sodium metaperiodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.
    Na$_3$H$_2$IO$_6$ + 2 HNO$_3$ → NaIO$_4$ + 2 NaNO$_3$ + 2 H$_2$O

## Structure

Sodium metaperiodate (NaIO$_4$) forms tetragonal crystals (space group I4$_1$/$_a$) consisting of slightly distorted IO$^−$ $_4$ ions with average I–O bond distances of 1.775 Å; the Na$^+$ ions are surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms at distances of 2.54 and 2.60 Å.
Sodium hydrogen periodate (Na$_2$H$_3$IO$_6$) forms orthorhombic crystals (space group Pnnm). Iodine and sodium atoms are both surrounded by an octahedral arrangement of 6 oxygen atoms; however the NaO$_6$ octahedron is strongly distorted. IO$_6$ and NaO$_6$ groups are linked via common vertices and edges.
Powder diffraction indicates that Na$_5$IO$_6$ crystallises in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m).

## Uses

Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.
NaIO$_4$ is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.
In 2013 the US Army announced that it would replace environmentally harmful chemicals barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate with sodium metaperiodate for use in their tracer ammunition.
# David Mahaffey

Bishop David of Sitka, secular name Sterry David Mahaffey Jr. (25 May 1952 – 27 November 2020) was the Bishop of Sitka and Alaska from 2014 to 2020.

## Biography

Bishop David was born Sterry David Mahaffey Jr. on May 25, 1952, in Altoona, Pennsylvania. He was raised Methodist. In 1970 he studied at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania where he met his wife, Karen Meterko. They were married on May 5, 1973 and had between them four children together.
On 1997, he received a Master in Divination from Saint Tikhon's Seminary. In 2003 he received Bachelor's in Theology and Philosophy from the University of Scranton and a Master of Arts in theology at the same school. In 2007 his wife Karen died from melanoma at the age of 55.
On September 15, 2012, he was nominated for the seat of Bishop of Alaska. He was tonsured a rasophore on September 23, 2012, and on February 21, 2014, he was consecrated as Bishop of Alaska at Saint Innocent Cathedral in Anchorage, Alaska. As bishop David called for spiritual growth and unity. In October 2014 he oversaw a church built in Kenya.
Bishop David died on November 27, 2020, of renal cancer. He was succeeded by Alexei of Bethesda.
# Charles Pratt (Askenootow)

Charles Cowley Pratt (c. 1816 – 1888), also known as Askenootow which means Worker of the earth in Cree, was an interpreter at the Treaty 4 negotiations at Fort Qu'Appelle in 1874 and 1875.
Pratt was born in about 1816 in the Qu'Appelle Valley, and was a member of a Cree-Assiniboine tribe. He attended the Church Missionary Society (CMS) school, which had been established by the Revd. John West in what was then known as the Red River Colony in what is now the province of Manitoba. He attended school with Henry Budd and James Settee. He was given the name Charles Pratt in 1823 after he was baptized into the Church of England. He then became a catechist and lay preacher for the Church of England. He also worked as a boatman for the Hudson's Bay Company.
Pratt went on to work as a school teacher on the Gordon Indian Reserve in 1876 until his death in 1888.
# Leandro Velázquez

Leandro Sebastián Velázquez (born 10 May 1989) is an Argentine professional footballer who last play as an attacking midfielder for Malaysia Super League club Johor Darul Ta'zim in 2023.

## Club career
### Vélez Sársfield

Leandro made his league debut for Vélez Sársfield in the week before his 19th birthday. He played in a 1–1 draw with Racing on 4 April 2008. He scored his first goal against Estudiantes de La Plata in the Torneo Apertura 2008 and was part of the winning team in the Torneo Clausura 2009. Leandro entered the field during the last game against Huracán when Vélez needed a victory to become champion, and was replaced by Leandro Coronel immediately after the team scored the winning goal.

#### Loan to Newell's Old Boys

Leandro was loaned for the 2009–10 season to Newell's Old Boys.

### Johor Darul Ta'zim

In October 2015, Leandro was called up in the starting eleven in the 2015 AFC Cup Final squad for Johor Darul Ta'zim, where he scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory against Istiklol.

### Deportivo Pasto

On 17 January 2016, Leandro left Johor Darul Ta'zim and joined Deportivo Pasto with free transfer fee.

### Return to Johor Darul Ta;zim

On 21 February 2019, Johor Darul Ta'zim confirm the return signing of Velazquez in the Johor Darul Ta'zim squad. On 30 April 2022, during the last fixture of the 2022 AFC Champions League group stage, he scored a free kick against 2021 K League 1 runners-up, Ulsan Hyundai which ended up with Johor progressing as group winners to the Round of 16.

## International career

In January 2009, Leandro was selected to join the Argentina U20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela. However, His team failed to qualify for the FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Having played in Malaysia since 2019, there is a possibility of Velázquez being naturalized as a Malaysian citizen in the future, thus enabling him to play for the Malaysia national team.

## Honours
### Club

Vélez Sársfield
* Argentine Primera División: 2009 Clausura
Johor Darul Ta'zim
* AFC Cup: 2015
* Malaysia Super League: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
* Malaysia Cup: 2019, 2022, 2023
* Piala Sumbangsih: 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
* Malaysia FA Cup: 2022, 2023
# Wheeler High School (Indiana)

Wheeler High School is a public high school located in Union Township, west of Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. The school is attached to Union Township Middle School and was previously located in Wheeler, Indiana. It is a part of the Union Township School Corporation.

## Academics
### Vocational education

Wheeler High School features a Law Enforcement Career Academy. This program is available to all juniors and seniors and is intended for students wishing to pursue careers in Police, Courts, or Corrections. Students at all area schools are allowed to enroll. The students can also receive three college credits from Vincennes University.
Junior and senior students may also take vocational classes at other area schools via the Porter County Vocational Education program.

### Fine arts

Wheeler High School has a choir, band (marching band, pep and colorguard) art department, and drama department.

## Athletics

Wheeler High School offers multiple athletic teams during the academic year and includes an indoor swimming pool, a fieldhouse, and a standard gym on campus. Athletic teams are known as the Bearcats and the school has won state championships in boys basketball (2010) and softball (2010).

## Demographics

In the 2009–2010 school year, Wheeler High was 49.4% female and 50.6% male. The racial breakdown was:
* White 89.9%
* Black 1.7%
* Hispanic 2.9%
* Asian 0.5%
* Native American 0.5%
* Multiracial 4.4%

## Accomplishments

* 2010 IHSAA Boys Basketball Class 2A Champions
* 2010 IHSAA Girls Softball Class 2A Champions
# Nussa

Nussa is an Indonesian animated series produced by The Little Giantz and 4Stripe Productions. The animation first aired on YouTube in November 2018.
Nussa follows the daily lives and adventures of Nussa, a 9-year-old boy with his prosthetic leg, his 5-year-old sister Rarra, and their family and friends. Each episode centers on Islamic values. Nussa, his cat Anta, and Rarra's names are intended to reflect the word Nusantara.
Nussa aired on television starting in 2019, through Indonesian networks NET, during Ramadan, and Indosiar, in October, as well as Malaysia's Astro Ceria in the same year. In Ramadan 2020, the series aired on Indonesia's Trans TV.

## Cast

* Muzakki Ramdhan as Nussa
* Aysha Razaana Ocean Fajar as Rarra
* Jessy Milianty as Umma (Nussa and Rarra's mother)
* Malka Hayfa Asyari as Abdul
* Mahira Sausan Andi as Syifa
* Hamka Siregar as Pak Ucok
* Dewi Sandra as Tante Dewi

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Appreciation | Nomination | Results |
| 2019 | Anugerah Syiar Ramadhan 2019 | Production House Indonesian Youth Inspiration | Won |
| 2019 | Anugerah Penyiaran Ramah Anak 2019 | Indonesian Animation Program | Nominated |
| 2019 | Anugerah Penyiaran Ramah Anak 2019 | Children's Favorite Program | Won |

## Movie adaptation

Nussa was adapted into a theatrical movie, produced both by The Little Giantz and Visinema Pictures. The movie, which bears the same name, was released on October 14, 2021, following several delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Purandar Mishra

Purandar Mishra (born 1960) is an Indian politician from Chhattisgarh. He is an MLA from Raipur City North Assembly constituency in Raipur District. He won the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the only Odisha native in the 6th Chhattisgarh Assembly.

## Early life and education

Mishra is from Basna, Raipur District, Chhattisgarh. His late father, Gautam Mishra, was a farmer. He completed his D.L.L.M in 1996 at S. R. Law College, Sambalpur and later did his L. L. B. In 1992 at Balangeer Law College. Earlier, he also graduated in arts in 1981.

## Career

Mishra won from Raipur City North Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 54,279 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Kuldeep Singh Juneja of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 23,054 votes.
Mishra is actively engaged in the social networks of Odia communities. He serves as the president of the Greater Odia Samaj in Chhattisgarh state and is the chief patron of the World Odisha Society, Chhattisgarh branch. He is also credited with contributing to the development of the largest Jagannath temple in Chhattisgarh, located in Gayatri Nagar, Raipur, within his constituency.
# Molten chocolate cake

Molten chocolate cake or runny core cake, is a French dessert that consists of a chocolate cake with a liquid chocolate core. It is named for that molten center, and it is also known as mi-cuit au chocolat, chocolat coulant ("flowing"), chocolate lava cake, or simply lava cake. It should not be confused with fondant au chocolat, a recipe that contains little flour, but much chocolate and butter, hence melting on the palate (but not on the plate).

## History

French chef Michel Bras said that he invented the cake in 1981, after two years of experimentation, with his original inspiration being a family group warming themselves up after a skiing trip by drinking hot chocolate. French chef and chocolatier Jacques Torres confirms that such a dessert existed in France in the 1980s.
French chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten, for his part, said that he invented the dish in New York City in 1987. He recalled pulling a chocolate sponge cake from the oven before it was done and finding that the center was still runny, but warm with both a good taste and texture. He has been credited with popularizing the molten chocolate cake in the United States, where it became an almost de rigueur inclusion on high-end restaurant dessert menus in the 1990s.
The two recipes are not at all similar, even though the resulting dish is. Bras's recipe is made in two parts: a frozen ganache core, covered by a rice starch dough, and baked in a mold. Vongerichten's recipe is simpler: a chocolate cake batter made from normal flour, baked briefly in a very hot oven. The flowing chocolate center is therefore arrived at differently in the two recipes, but Vongerichten's has proved more popular, being easier to reproduce.

## Preparation

Molten chocolate cakes characteristically contain five ingredients: butter, eggs, sugar, chocolate, and flour. The butter and chocolate are melted together, while the eggs are either whisked with the sugar to form a thick paste, producing a denser pastry, or separated, with the white whipped into a meringue to provide more lift and a lighter result. A tablespoon of strong coffee is sometimes added to enhance the chocolate flavor. Vanilla extract, salt, and cinnamon are additionally recommended in some cases to add extra flavor.
The cakes are typically baked in individual portions in ramekins, or brioche molds. However, there are a number of creative variations in chocolate lava cakes or molten chocolate cakes such as preparing the cakes in a coffee or tea mug. A variation of the cake can be prepared in a microwave oven.
A scoop of ice cream, fresh fruit, a drizzling of fruit and/or chocolate sauce, and dustings of powdered sugar are typical enhancements. Mint leaves are sometimes used as a garnish.
# Whillans Ice Stream

Whillans Ice Stream (83°40′S 145°00′W﻿ / ﻿83.667°S 145.000°W﻿ / -83.667; -145.000) is a glaciological feature of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, formerly known as Ice Stream B, renamed in 2001 in honor of Ohio State University glaciologist Ian Whillans.

## Research

Whillans Ice Stream is one of about a half-dozen large, fast-moving rivers of ice pouring from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Ross Ice Shelf. The ice stream is the subject of different glaciological studies, one of which is looking at subglacial lakes that researchers believe may be speeding the movement of the ice as they periodically fill and drain.
Other researchers funded by the National Science Foundation, reported in the June 5, 2008 issue of the journal Nature that, from seismological and GPS data, they discovered the Whillans Ice Stream releases two bursts of seismic waves every day, each one equivalent to a magnitude 7 earthquake. The data show that the river of ice moves about a half-meter within approximately 30 minutes, remains still for 12 hours, then moves another half-meter in phase with gravitational tides. Each time it moves, it emits seismic waves that are recorded at seismographs around Antarctica and even as far away as Australia, a distance of more than 6,400 kilometers. In 2024, it was shown that the large slow seismic events on the ice stream cause the adjoining Ross Ice Shelf to abruptly shift by up to 6 cm in the course of a few minutes as trapped seismic waves within the shelf propagate northward.
In 2007, an active subglacial water system consisting of several interconnected subglacial lakes was discovered under Whillans Ice Stream using repeat-track data from the ICESat satellite (Fricker and others, 2007). One of these active lakes, subglacial Lake Whillans, is the subject of a major drilling program funded by the National Science Foundation (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access (WISSARD)) which successfully reached the lake on January 28, 2013.
In January 2015, drilling near the grounding line revealed a colony of fish, crustaceans, and jellyfish inhabiting the dark, frigid waters below the ice shelf. Images taken with a remote camera showed fish 20 centimetres (7.9 in) and amphipods.