# Bharatiya Jana Sangh

The Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh) was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by three founding members: Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Balraj Madhok and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindutva volunteer organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of erstwhile Jan Sangh quit the Janata party after the defeat in the 1980 general elections and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh.

## Origins

Many members of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) began to contemplate the formation of a political party to continue their work, begun in the days of the British Raj, and take their ideology further. Around the same time, Syama Prasad Mukherjee left the Hindu Mahasabha political party that he had once led because of a disagreement with that party over permitting non-Hindu membership. Mainly two reasons led to the formation of Jan Sangh- first was the Liaquat–Nehru Pact and second, the ban on RSS after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. The state level units for Punjab, P.E.P.S.U. (Patiala and East Punjab States Union), Delhi, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Bharat were already established before it was formally founded at national level. The BJS was subsequently started by Mukherjee on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, with the collaboration of the R.S.S., as a "nationalistic alternative" to the Congress Party.

## History

The first plenary session of Jan Sangh was held at Kanpur in December 1952.
After the death of Mukherjee in 1953, RSS activists in the BJS edged out the career politicians and made it a political arm of the RSS and an integral part of the RSS family of organisations (Sangh Parivar).
The strongest election performance of the BJS came in the 1967 Lok Sabha election in which it won 35 seats, when the Congress majority was its thinnest ever. The party secured six out of seven parliamentary seats in Delhi and went on to wrest control of the Metropolitan Council and Municipal corporation.

## Ideology

When BJS was formed, an 8-point programme was adopted.This formed the core of its ideology over the next years.
The BJS leadership fervently supported a strong policy against Pakistan and China, and were averse to communism and the Soviet Union. Many BJS leaders also initiated the drive to ban cow slaughter nationwide in the early 1960s. Establishment of full relations with Israel was also a demand in the party manifesto. Uniform Civil Code was mentioned in the 1967 manifesto which said that the party would enact UCC if it came to power.

## Chronological list of presidents

| # | Name | Term |
| 1 | Syama Prasad Mukherjee | 1951–52 |
| 2 | Mauli Chandra Sharma | 1954 |
| 3 | Prem Nath Dogra | 1955 |
| 4 | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1956–59 |
| 5 | Pitamber Das | 1960 |
| 6 | Avasarala Rama Rao | 1961 |
| (4) | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1962 |
| 7 | Raghu Vira | 1963 |
| (4) | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1964 |
| 8 | Bachhraj Vyas | 1965 |
| 9 | Balraj Madhok | 1966 |
| 10 | Deendayal Upadhyaya | 1967–68 |
| 11 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 1968–72 |
| 12 | L. K. Advani | 1973–77 |
| See List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party ||||

## In general elections

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was created in 1951, and the first general election it contested was in 1951–52, in which it won only three Lok Sabha seats, in line with the four seats won by Hindu Mahasabha and three seats won by Ram Rajya Parishad. Syama Prasad Mukherjee and Durga Charan Banerjee were elected from Calcutta South East constituency and Midnapore Jhargram constituency in West Bengal and Uma Shankar Trivedi from Chittor constituency in Rajasthan. All the like-minded parties formed a block in the Parliament, led by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee.
| Year | General Election | Seats Won | Change in Seat | % of votes |
| 1951 | 1st Lok Sabha | 3 | – | 3.06 |
| 1957 | 2nd Lok Sabha | 4 | 1 | 5.93 |
| 1962 | 3rd Lok Sabha | 14 | 10 | 6.44 |
| 1967 | 4th Lok Sabha | 35 | 21 | 9.31 |
| 1971 | 5th Lok Sabha | 22 | 13 | 7.35 |