# List of monarchs of Punjab

The Monarchs of Punjab were the rulers of various kingdoms and republics of the Punjab beginning with the Vedic period and ending after the British empire. Much of native Punjab during the ancient period was ruled by various Tribal republics, such as the Yaudheyas, Madra, Trigarta, Audumbara, Oxydrakoi, Malloi and Gandhara with their leaders and monarchs being largely unknown.
The Ancient Period of Punjab saw the earliest known monarchs date back to the Vedic period. During the early to mid-6th century BCE, Taxila was ruled by King Pukkusati, who was a contemporary of the Achaemenid rulers. However, details regarding subsequent monarchs remain largely unrecorded until the Macedonian invasion of Punjab in the 5th century BCE. Following the death of Alexander the Great, monarchical power shifted to the Mauryan Empire in the 4th century BCE. In the 2nd century BCE, the Indo-Greek kings took over, followed by the Indo-Scythians and Indo-Parthians in the 1st century BCE. These dynasties ruled alongside native dynasties such as the Apracharajas. By the time of Apollonius’ travels through Punjab, power had largely returned to native rulers. The Kushan Empire's monarchs ruled Punjab, but by the 3rd century CE, control passed to the Gadahara and Shilada dynasties. Their rule was eventually disrupted by the Hunnic invasions in the 4th century CE.
The medieval period of Punjab saw the Eastern Punjab come under the rule of the Vardhana dynasty in the 7th century CE, while the Western Punjab was governed by the Taank Kingdom. By the 8th century, the Chach dynasty of Aror was ruling most of the Western Punjab. In the 9th century, the Hindu Shahi dynasty emerged as the rulers, until the Ghaznavids assumed monarchical control in the 11th century. Power then shifted to the Ghorid dynasty, until Muhammad Ghori 's assassination by the House of the Khokhars, paving the way for the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century.
The early modern period in the 16th century saw the rise of the Mughal Empire, which incorperated Punjab, though governance in the region was largely managed by various Sikh misls. Later, Adina Beg emerged as the ruler of Punjab. Following his death, the Sikh Empire consolidated power, ruling the region until the British conquest. During British rule, Punjab was divided into multiple territories, with certain regions governed by princely states.

## Pauravas

* Porus (before 326 BC, probably 338 BC – between 321 and 315 BC)

## Macedonian Empire (326 – 316 BC)

| Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Alexander III "the Great" | 326 – 323 (3 years) | Son of Philip II | 356 – 10/11 June 323 (aged 33)Conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire; died of illness at Babylon |

## Maurya Empire (322 – 184 BC)

| Ruler | Reign | Notes |
| Chandragupta Maurya | 322–297 BCE | Founder of first Indian united empire. |
| Bindusara | 297–273 BCE | Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of Vidarbha revolt. |
| Ashoka | 268–232 BCE | Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for Kalinga War victory. |
| Dasharatha Maurya | 232–224 BCE | Grandson of Ashoka. |
| Samprati | 224–215 BCE | Brother of Dasharatha. |
| Shalishuka | 215–202 BCE | |
| Devavarman | 202–195 BCE | |
| Shatadhanvan | 195–187 BCE | The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign |
| Brihadratha | 187–184 BCE | Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE. |

## Indo-Greeks (200 – 20 BC)

Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings, their coins, territories and chronology Based on Bopearachchi (1991) :
| | Greco-Bactrian kings | Greco-Bactrian kings | Indo-Greek kings | Indo-Greek kings | Indo-Greek kings | Indo-Greek kings | Indo-Greek kings | Indo-Greek kings |
| Territories/ dates | West Bactria | East Bactria | Paropamisade | Arachosia | Gandhara | Western Punjab | Eastern Punjab | Mathura |
| 200–190 BC | Demetrius I | Demetrius I | Demetrius I | Demetrius I | | | | |
| 190–185 BC | Euthydemus II | Euthydemus II | | | | | | |
| 190–180 BC | Agathocles | Agathocles | Agathocles | Pantaleon | Pantaleon | Pantaleon | | | | |
| 185–170 BC | Antimachus I | Antimachus I | Antimachus I | Antimachus I | | | | |
| 180–160 BC | | | Apollodotus I | Apollodotus I | Apollodotus I | Apollodotus I | | | |
| 175–170 BC | Demetrius II | Demetrius II | Demetrius II | Demetrius II | | | | | |
| 160–155 BC | | | Antimachus II | Antimachus II | Antimachus II | Antimachus II | | | |
| 170–145 BC | Eucratides | Eucratides | Eucratides | Eucratides | Eucratides | Eucratides | | | |
| 155–130 BC | Yuezhi occupation, loss of Ai-Khanoum | Eucratides II Plato Heliocles I | Menander I | Menander I | Menander I | Menander I | Menander I | Menander I |
| 130–120 BC | Yuezhi occupation | Yuezhi occupation | Zoilos I | Zoilos I | Agathokleia | Agathokleia | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 120–110 BC | | | Lysias | Lysias | Strato I | Strato I | | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 110–100 BC | | | Antialcidas | Antialcidas | Heliokles II | Heliokles II | | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 100 BC | | | Polyxenos | Polyxenos | Demetrius III | Demetrius III | | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 100–95 BC | | | Philoxenus | Philoxenus | Philoxenus | Philoxenus | | | | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 95–90 BC | | | Diomedes | Amyntas | Amyntas | Epander | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 90 BC | | | Theophilos | Peukolaos | Peukolaos | Thraso | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 90–85 BC | | | Nicias | Menander II | Menander II | Artemidoros | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| 90–70 BC | | | Hermaeus | Archebius | Archebius | Archebius | | | | Yavanarajya inscription |
| | | | Yuezhi occupation | Yuezhi occupation | Maues (Indo-Scythian) | Maues (Indo-Scythian) | | |
| 75–70 BC | | | | | Telephos | Apollodotus II | Apollodotus II | |
| 65–55 BC | | | | | | Hippostratos | Dionysios | |
| 55–35 BC | | | | | | Azes I (Indo-Scythian) | Zoilos II | |
| 55–35 BC | | | | | | | Apollophanes | |
| 25 BC – AD 10 | | | | | | | Strato II and Strato III | |
| | | | | | | | Zoilos III/ Bhadayasa | Zoilos III/ Bhadayasa |
| | | | | | | | Rajuvula (Indo-Scythian) | Rajuvula (Indo-Scythian) |

## Indo-Parthians (15 BC – 50 AD)

* Gondophares I (c. 19 – 46) Coin
* Gondophares II Sarpedones (first years AD – c. 20 AD)Coin
* Abdagases I (first years AD – mid-1st century AD) Coin
* Gondophares III Gudana, previously Orthagnes (c. 20 AD – 30 AD)
* Gondophares IV Sases, (mid-1st century AD)

## Kushan Empire (50 – 350 AD)

* Kujula Kadphises (c. 50 – c. 90)
* Vima Takto (c. 90 – c. 113), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
* Vima Kadphises (c. 113 – c. 127) First great Kushan Emperor
* Kanishka the Great (127 – c. 151)
* Huvishka (c. 151 – c. 190)
* Vasudeva I (c. 190 – c. 230) Last great Kushan Emperor
* Kanishka II (c. 230 – 247)
* Vashishka (c. 247 – 267)

### "Little Kushans";

* Kanishka III (c. 267 – 270)
* Vasudeva II (c. 270 – 300)
* Mahi (c. 300 – 305)
* Shaka (c. 305 – 335)
* Kipunada (c. 335 – 350)
vteKushan Empire Emperors, territories and chronology :
Territories/ datesWestern IndiaWestern Pakistan BalochistanParopamisadae Arachosia BajaurGandharaWestern PunjabEastern PunjabMathuraPataliputra
INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM
INDO-GREEK KINGDOM
INDO-SCYTHIAN Northern Satraps
25 BCE – 10 CE
Indo-Scythian dynasty of the APRACHARAJAS Vijayamitra (ruled 12 BCE – 15 CE)
Liaka Kusulaka Patika Kusulaka Zeionises
Kharahostes (ruled 10 BCE– 10 CE) Mujatria
Strato II and Strato III
Hagana
10-20CE
INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM Gondophares
Indravasu
INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM Gondophares
Rajuvula
20–30 CE
Ubouzanes Pakores
Vispavarma (ruled c. 0–20 CE)
Sarpedones
Bhadayasa
Sodasa
30-40 CE
KUSHAN EMPIRE Kujula Kadphises (c. 50–90)
Indravarma
Abdagases
40–45 CE
Aspavarma
Gadana
45–50 CE
Sasan
Sases
50–75 CE
75–100 CE
Indo-Scythian dynasty of the WESTERN SATRAPS Chastana
Vima Takto (c. 90–113)
100–120 CE
Abhiraka
Vima Kadphises (c. 113–127)
120 CE
Bhumaka Nahapana
PARATARAJAS Yolamira
Kanishka I (c. 127–151)
Great Satrap Kharapallana and Satrap Vanaspara for Kanishka I
130–230 CE
Jayadaman
Rudradaman I
Damajadasri I
Jivadaman
Rudrasimha I
Isvaradatta
Rudrasimha I
Jivadaman
Rudrasena I
Bagamira
Arjuna
Hvaramira
Mirahvara
Huvishka (c. 151 – c. 190)
Vasudeva I (c. 190 – 230)
230–250 CE
Samghadaman
Damasena
Damajadasri II
Viradaman
Yasodaman I
Vijayasena
Damajadasri III
Rudrasena II
Visvasimha
Miratakhma
Kozana
Bhimarjuna
Koziya
Datarvharna
Datarvharna
KUSHANO-SASANIANS
Ardashir I (c. 230 – 250)
Ardashir II (?-245)
Kanishka II (c. 230 – 247)
250–280
Peroz I, "Kushanshah" (c. 250 – 265)
Hormizd I, "Kushanshah" (c. 265 – 295)
Vāsishka (c. 247 – 267)
Kanishka III (c. 267 – 270)
280–300
Bhratadarman
Datayola II
Hormizd II, "Kushanshah" (c. 295 – 300)
Vasudeva II (c. 267 – 300)
GUPTA EMPIRE
Chandragupta I
Samudragupta
Chandragupta II
300–320 CE
Visvasena
Rudrasimha II Jivadaman
Peroz II, "Kushanshah" (c. 300 – 325)
Mahi (c. 300–305)
Shaka (c. 305 – 335)
320–388 CE
Yasodaman II
Rudradaman II
Rudrasena III
Simhasena
Rudrasena IV
Varahran I (325–350)
Shapur II Sassanid king and "Kushanshah" (c. 350)
Kipunada (c. 335 – 350)
388–396 CE
Rudrasimha III
KIDARITES invasion
↑ From the dated inscription on the Rukhana reliquary
↑ Richard Salomon (Jul–Sep 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (3): 418–452 [442]. JSTOR 605147.
↑ Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma". South Asian Studies. 11 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Jongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4. :

## Huns (390 – 550 AD)
### Kidarite Huns (390 - 455 AD)

| Yosada | c.335 CE |
| (Unknown) | fl. 388/400 |
| Varhran (II) | fl. c. 425 |
| Goboziko | fl. c. 450 |

### Alchon Huns (470 – 550 AD)

* Toramana (c. 470 – 515 CE)
* Mihirakula (c. 515 – 540 CE)
* Toramana II (c. 530 – 550 CE)

## Taank Kingdom (550 – 822)

The Taanks (Takkas) were people from a variety of clans forming a kingdom. The rulers of the kingdom are only known from sources of chronicles and minted coins. During this rule (630 AD), Lahore was said to have been visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. He described it as a great Brahmin city.
Note: Not listed chronologically.
* Ratapat
* Bahurpal
* Sahajpal
* Madanpal

## Brahmin dynasty (632 – 712)

* Chach (r. c. 632 – c. 671– )
* Chandar (r. c. 671 – c. 679– )
* Dāhir (r. c. 679 – c. 712– from Alor)

## Hindu Shahi Kingdom (822 – 1026)

* Lalliya Kallar (822 CE – 850 CE)
* Kamala Toramana (850 – ??)
* Bhimadeva (?? – ??)
* Spalapati (?? – ??)
* Samanta (around 900 – 950)
* Jayapala (964 – 1001)
* Anandpal (1001 – 1010)
* Trilochanpala (1010 – 1021)
* Bhimpala (1021 – 1026)

## Emirate of Multan (855 – 1010)
### Munnabih dynasty (855 – 959)

* Muhammad Munabbih III (855 – 864)
* Asad Qureshi (892 – early 900s, probably 918)
* Hassan II (late 800s)
* Ahmed II (late 800s – early 900s)
* Munabbih I (912 – 913)
* Muhammad Munabbih IV (913 – 920)
* Munabbih II (920 – 930)
* Fahad Munabbih (930 – 940)
* Harun Munabbih (940 – 959)

### Lodi dynasty (959 – 1010)

* Jalam bin Shayban (959 – 985)
* Hamid ibn Shayban (985 – 997)
* Nasr ibn Hamid (997 – ??)
* Abul Fateh Daud ibn Nasr (?? – 1010)

## Ghaznavid Empire (1010 – 1186)

| # | Laqab | Personal Name | Reign | Succession right | Notes |
| 1 | Yamin ad-Dawlah Abu Qasim یمین الدولہ ابو لقاسم Right-hand man of the State | Mahmud | 1010–1030 | first son of Sabuktigin | |
| 2 | Jalal ad-Dawlah جلال الدولہ Dignity of the State | Muhammad | 1030 1st reign | second son of Mahmud | |
| 3 | Shihab ad-Dawlah شھاب الدولہ Star of the State | Masud I | 1030–1041 | first son of Mahmud | Was overthrown, imprisoned and executed, following the battle of Dandanaqan |
| — | Jalal ad-Dawlah جلال الدولہ Dignity of the State | Muhammad | 1041 2nd reign | second son of Mahmud | Raised to the throne following the removal of Masud I. |
| 4 | Shihab ad-Dawlah شھاب الدولہ Star of the State | Mawdud | 1041–1048 | son of Masud I | Defeated Muhammad at the battle of Nangrahar and gained the throne. |
| 5 | ? ? | Masud II | 1048 | son of Mawdud | |
| 6 | Baha ad-Dawlah بھاء الدولہ Splendor of the State | Ali | 1048–1049 | son of Masud I | |
| 7 | Izz ad-Dawlah عز الدولہ Glory of the State | Abd al-Rashid | 1049–1052 | fifth son of Mahmud | |
| 8 | Qiwam ad-Dawlah قوام الدولہ Support of the State | Toghrul | 1052–1053 | Turkish mamluk general | Usurped the Ghaznavid throne after massacring Abd al-Rashid and eleven other Ghaznavid princes. |
| 9 | Jamal ad-Dawlah جمال الدولہ Beauty of the state | Farrukh-Zad | 1053–1059 | son of Masud I | |
| 10 | Zahir ad-Dawlah ظھیر الدولہ Help of the State | Ibrahim | 1059–1099 | son of Masud I | |
| 13 | Ala ad-Dawlah علاء الدولہ Blessing of the State | Mas'ūd III | 1099–1115 | son of Ibrahim | |
| 11 | Kamal ad-Dawlah کمال الدولہ Perfection of the State | Shir-Zad | 1115–1116 | son of Masud III | Murdered by his younger brother Arslan ibn Mas'ud. |
| 12 | Sultan ad-Dawlah سلطان الدولہ Sultan of the state | Arslan-Shah | 1116–1117 | son of Masud III | Took the throne from his older brother Shirzad, but faced a rebellion from his other brother Bahram Shah, who was supported by the sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Ahmad Sanjar. |
| 13 | Yamin ad-Dawlah یمین الدولہ Right-hand man of the state | Bahram Shah | 1117–1157 | son of Masud III | Under Bahram-Shah, the Ghaznavid empire became a tributary of the Great Seljuq Empire. Bahram was assisted by Ahmad Sanjar, sultan of the Great Seljuq empire, in securing his throne. |
| 14 | Muizz ad-Dawlah معزالدولہ Honor of the State | Khusrau Shah | 1157–1160 | son of Bahram-Shah | |
| 15 | Taj ad-Dawlah تاج الدولہ Crown of the state | Khusrau Malik | 1160–1186 | son of Khusrau-Shah | |

## Ghurid Empire (1186 – 1206)

| Coinage | Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign |
| | Sultan Abul-Fateh سلطان ابوالفتح | Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad غیاث‌ الدین محمد | 1163–1203 |
| | Sultan Shahāb-ud-din Muhammad Ghori سلطان شهاب‌ الدین محمد غوری | Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad معز الدین محمد | 1173–1206 |

## Qabacha of Multan

| Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign |
| Sultan Kaba-cha سلطان قباچه | Nasir ad-Din Qabacha ناصرالدین قباچه | 1206–1228 |

## Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526)
### Mamluk dynasty (1206 – 1290)

| S/N | Name of ruler | Birth Date | Death Date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 1 | Qutbuddin Aibak | 1150 | 14 November 1210 | 25 June 1206 | 14 November 1210 | |
| 2 | Aram Shah | unknown | June 1211 | December 1210 | June 1211 | Son of Aibak |
| 3 | Iltutmish | unknown | 30 April 1236 | June 1211 | 30 April 1236 | Son-in-law of Aibak |
| 4 | Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I) | unknown | 19 November 1236 | April/May 1236 | November 1236 | Son of Iltutmish |
| 5 | Razia Sultan | unknown | 15 October 1240 | November 1236 | 20 April 1240 | Daughter of Iltutmish |
| 6 | Muiz ud din Bahram | 9 July 1212 | 15 May 1242 | May 1240 | 15 May 1242 | Son of Iltutmish |
| 7 | Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah | unknown | 10 June 1246 | May 1242 | 10 June 1246 | Son of Ruknuddin Firuz |
| 8 | Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I) | 1229 or 1230 | 18 February 1266 | 10 June 1246 | 18 February 1266 | Grandson of Iltutmish |
| 9 | Ghiyas ud din Balban | 1216 | 1287 | February 1266 | 1287 | Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish |
| 10 | Muiz ud din Qaiqabad | 1269 | 1 February 1290 | 1287 | 1 February 1290 | Grandson of Balban |
| 11 | Shamsuddin Kayumars | 1285/1287 | 13 June 1290 | 1 February 1290 | 13 June 1290 | Son of Qaiqabad |

### Khalji dynasty (1290 – 1320)

| S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 12 | Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II) | 1220 | 19 July 1296 | 13 June 1290 | 19 July 1296 | |
| – | Ruknuddin Ibrahim | unknown | after 1296 | July 1296 | November 1296 | Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists. |
| 13 | Alauddin Khalji | c. 1266 | 4 January 1316 | November 1296 | 4 January 1316 | Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji |
| 14 | Shihabuddin Omar | 1310 or 1311 | April 1316 | 5 January 1316 | April 1316 | Son of Alauddin Khalji |
| 15 | Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah | 1299 | 9 July 1320 | 14 April 1316 | 1 May 1320 | Son of Alauddin Khalji |

### Outside of the dynasties (1320)

| S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 16 | Khusrau Khan | unknown | 1320 | 10 July 1320 | 5 September 1320 | He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty. |

### Tughluq dynasty (1320 – 1414)

| S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 17 | Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (Tughluq I) | unknown | 1 February 1325 | 8 September 1320 | 1 February 1325 | |
| 18 | Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) | c. 1290 | 20 March 1351 | 1 February 1325 | 20 March 1351 | Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
| 19 | Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) | 1309 | 20 September 1388 | 23 March 1351 | 20 September 1388 | Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
| 20 | Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II) | unknown | 14 March 1389 | 20 September 1388 | 14 March 1389 | Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 21 | Abu Bakr Shah | unknown | after 1390 | 15 March 1389 | August 1390 | Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 22 | Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III) | unknown | 20 January 1394 | 31 August 1390 | 20 January 1394 | Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 23 | Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah | unknown | 8 March 1394 | 22 January 1394 | 8 March 1394 | Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
| 24 | Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq | unknown | February 1413 | March 1394 | February 1413 | Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
| – | Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq | unknown | 1398 or 1399 | January 1395 | 1398 or 1399 | Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler. |

### Sayyid dynasty (1414 – 1451)

| S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 25 | Khizr Khan | unknown | 20 May 1421 | 28 May 1414 | 20 May 1421 | |
| 26 | Mubarak Shah | unknown | 19 February 1434 | 21 May 1421 | 19 February 1434 | Son of Khizr Khan |
| 27 | Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV) | unknown | January 1445 | February 1434 | January 1445 | Grandson of Khizr Khan |
| 28 | Alam Shah | unknown | July 1478 | January 1445 | 19 April 1451 | Son of Muhammad Shah |

### Lodi dynasty (1451 – 1526)

| S/N | Name | Birth date | Death date | Beginning of reign | End of reign | Notes |
| 29 | Bahlul Lodi | 1420 | 12 July 1489 | 19 April 1451 | 12 July 1489 | |
| 30 | Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II) | 17 July 1458 | 21 November 1517 | 17 July 1489 | 21 November 1517 | Son of Bahlul Lodi |
| 31 | Ibrahim Lodi | 1480 | 21 April 1526 | November 1517 | 21 April 1526 | Son of Sikandar Lodi |

## Chiefs of Pothohar
### House of Khokhars

| Ruler | Reign | Note |
| Nusrat Khokhar | ?? ‐ 1394 | died fighting the Timurid forces |
| Shaikha Khokhar | 1394 - 1420 | |
| Jasrat Khokhar | 1420 - 1442 | Had capital at Sialkot |

### House of Gakhars

| Ruler | Reign | Note |
| Kaigohar Gakhar | unknown | Built Pharwala Fort |
| Jhanda Khan Ghakkar | unknown - c.1493 | Established city of Rawalpindi |
| Polakh Khan Gakhar | unknown | Father of Hathi Khan Gakhar |
| Tatar Khan Ghakkar | unknown - 1519 | Made alliance with Babur |
| Hathi Khan Gakkar | 1519 - 1526 | |
| Sarang Khan Gakhar | 1526 - 1545 | Died fighting against Sher Shah Suri at Rawat |
| Adam Khan Gakhar | 1546 - 1555 | Under Mughal Empire |
| Kamal Khan Gakhar | 1555 - 1566 | |
| Mubarak Khan Gakhar | Unknown | |
| Said Khan Gakhar | 1563 - 1597 | founded Saidpur village |
| Nazar Khan Gakhar | Unknown | Commander of 500 |
| Miran Shah Ghazi Gakhar | Unknown | Founder of Mirpur |
| Allah Quli Khan Gakhar | 1681 - 1705 | |
| Muqarrab Khan Gakhar | 1705 - 1767 | Last effective ruler of Pothohar |

## Langah Sultanate (1445 – 1540)

| Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign |
| Sultan Qutbu'd-Din سلطان قطب الدین | Rai Sahra Langah رائے ساحرہ لنگہ | 1445–1469 |
| Sultan Husseyn I سلطان حسین اول | Husseyn Shah Langah حسین لنگہ | 1469–1498 |
| Sultan Mahmud I سلطان محمود اول | Budha Khan Langah بدھا خان لنگہ | 1498–1518 |
| Sultan Husseyn II سلطان حسین دوم | Husseyn Langah حسین لنگہ | 1518–1526 |
| Sultan Mahmud II سلطان محمود دوم | Mahmud Khan Langah محمود خان لنگہ | 1426–1540 |

## Mughal Empire (1526 – 1799)

| Portrait | Titular Name | Birth Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
| 1 | Babur بابر | Zahir Ud-Din Muhammad Ghazi ظہیر الدین محمد | 14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan | 20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 (4 years 8 months 9 days) | 26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India |
| 2 | Humayun ہمایوں | Nasir Ud-Din Baig Muhammad Khan ناصر الدین بیگ محمد خان | 6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan | 22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556 (10 years 3 months 25 days) | 27 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India |
| 3 | Akbar اکبر | Abu'l Fath Jalal Ud-Din Muhammad ابوالفتح جلال الدین محمد | 15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan | 11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605 (49 years 9 months 0 days) | 27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India |
| 4 | Jahangir جہانگیر | Nur Ud-Din Baig Muhammad khan Salim نورالدین بیگ محمد خان سلیم | 31 August 1569 Agra, India | 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627 (21 years 11 months 23 days) | 28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| 5 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہان | Shahab Ud-Din Muhammad Khurram شہاب الدین محمد خرم | 5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan | 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658 (30 years 8 months 25 days) | 22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India |
| 6 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب Alamgir عالمگیر | Muhi Ud-Din Muhammad محی الدین محمد | 3 November 1618 Gujarat, India | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707 (48 years 7 months 0 days) | 3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India |
| 7 | Azam Shah اعظم شاہ | Qutb Ud-Din Muhammad قطب الدين محمد | 28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India | 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 | 20 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India |
| 8 | Bahadur Shah بہادر شاہ Shah Alam شاہ عالم | Abul-Nasr Sayyid Qutb-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam ابوالنصر سید قطب الدین مرزا محمد معظم | 14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 (4 years, 253 days) | 27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan |
| 9 | Jahandar Shah جہاندار شاہ | Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan Bahādur معیز الدین بیگ محمد خان بہادر | 9 May 1661 Deccan, India | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713 (0 years, 350 days) | 12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India |
| 10 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیر | Abu'l Muzaffar Muīn-ud-Dīn Muhammad Shāh Farrukhsiyar Alim Akbar Sāni Wālā Shān Pādshāh-i-bahr-u-bar ابوالمظفر معین الدین محمد شاہ فرخ سیار علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha | 20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719 (6 years, 48 days) | 19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India |
| 11 | Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدرجات | Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar ابوالبرکات شمس الدین محمد رفیع الدراجات پادشاہ غازی شہنشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha | 1 December 1699 | 28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719 (0 years, 98 days) | 6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India |
| 12 | Shah Jahan II شاہ جہان دوم | Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah رفیع الدین محمد رفیع الدولہ Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha | 5 January 1696 | 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719 (0 years, 105 days) | 18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India |
| 13 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ | Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur Ghazi ناصر الدین محمد شاہ روشن اختر بہادر غازی Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha | 7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 (28 years, 212 days) | 26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India |
| 14 | Ahmad Shah Bahadur احمد شاہ بہادر | Abu-Nasir Mujahid ud-din Muhammad Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ghazi ابو ناصر مجاہد الدین محمد احمد شاہ بہادر غازی | 23 December 1725 Delhi, India | 29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 (6 years, 37 days) | 1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India |
| 15 | Alamgir II عالمگیر دوم | Aziz Ud-Din Muhammad عزیز اُلدین محمد | 6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India | 3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759 (5 years, 180 days) | 29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India |
| 16 | Shah Jahan III شاہ جہان سوم | Muhi Ul-Millat محی اُلملت | 1711 | 10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760 (282 days) | 1772 (aged 60–61) |
| 17 | Shah Alam II شاہ عالم دوم | Abdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar عبدالله جلال الدین ابوالمظفر هم الدین محمد میرزا علی گوهر شاه علم دوم | 25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788 (27 years, 301 days) | 19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India |
| 18 | Shah Jahan IV جہان شاه چہارم | Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah بیدار بخت محمود شاه بهادر جہان شاہ | 1749 Delhi, India | 31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788 (63 days) | 1790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India |
| 19 | Shah Alam II شاہ عالم دوم | Abdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar عبدالله جلال الدین ابوالمظفر هم الدین محمد میرزا علی گوهر شاه علم دوم Puppet King under the Maratha Empire | 25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806 (18 years, 339 days) | 19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India |
| 20 | Akbar Shah II اکبر شاہ دوم | Sultan Ibn Sultan Sahib al-Mufazi Wali Ni'mat Haqiqi Khudavand Mujazi Abu Nasir Mu'in al-Din Muhammad Akbar Shah Pad-Shah Ghazi سلطان ابن سلطان صاحب المفاضی ولی نعمت حقی خداوند مجازی ابو ناصر معین الدین محمد اکبر شاہ پاد شاہ غازی Puppet King under the East India Company | 22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India | 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 (30 years, 321 days) | 28 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India |

## Sur Empire (1540 – 1556)

| S. n. | Name | Birth date | Death date | Reign | Notes |
| 1st | Sher Shah Suri | 1472 or 1486 | 22 May 1545 | 6 April 1538/17 May 1540 — 22 May 1545 | |
| 2nd | Islam Shah Suri | 1507 | 22 November 1554 | 26 May 1545 — 22 November 1554 | Son of Sher Shah Suri. |
| 3rd | Firuz Shah Suri | 4 May 1542 | 1554 | 1554 | Son of Islam Shah Suri. |
| 4th | Muhammad Adil Shah | unknown | 1557 | 1554 — 1555 | Son-in-law of Sher Shah Suri. |
| 5th | Ibrahim Shah Suri | unknown | 1567/1568 | 1555 | Brother-in-law of Sher Shah Suri. |
| 6th | Sikandar Shah Suri | unknown | 1559 | 1555 — 22 June 1555 | Brother-in-law of Sher Shah Suri. |
| 7th | Adil Shah Suri | unknown | April 1557 | 22 June 1555 — 1556 | Brother of Sikandar Shah Suri. |

## Sial Dynasty (1723 – 1818)

* Walidad Khan Sial 1723 – 1747
* Inayatullah Khan Sial 1747 – 1787
* Kabir Khan Sial 1787 – 1798
* Ahmad Khan Sial 1798 – 1818

## Misls
### Bhangi Misl (1716 – 1802)

* Chhajja Singh Dhillon (1716 – ??)
* Bhuma Singh Dhillon (?? – 1746)
* Hari Singh Dhillon (1746 – 1766)
* Jhanda Singh Dhillon (1766 – 1774)
* Ganda Singh Dhillon (1774 – 1776)
* Charhat Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1776)
* Desu Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1782)
* Gulab Singh Dhillon (1782 – 1800)
* Gurdit Singh Dhillon (1800 – 1802)

### Singhpuria Misl (1733 – 1816)

* Kapur Singh 1733 – 1753
* Khushal Singh 1753 – 1795
* Buddh Singh 1795 – 1816

### Ramgarhia Misl (1748 – 1808)

| Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign | Ref. |
| Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723 – 20 April 1803) | | 1748 – 1803 | |
| Jodh Singh Ramgarhia (died August 1815) | | 1803 – 1808 | |

### Singh Krora Misl (1748 – 1808)

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign |
| 1 | Sham Singh (died 1739) | Sham Singh (died 1739) | | ? – 1739 |
| 2 | Karam Singh | Karam Singh | ? | ? |
| 3 | Karora Singh (died 1761) | Karora Singh (died 1761) | ? | ? – 1761 |
| 4 | Baghel Singh (died 1802) | Baghel Singh (died 1802) | | 1761 – 1802 |
| 5 (disputed) | Jodh Singh (born 1751) | Sukhu Singh | ? | 1802 – ? |
| 6 | Rattan Kaur (died 1848) | Rattan Kaur (died 1848) | ? | ? – 1848 |

### Dallewalia Misl (1748 – 1807)

* Gulab Singh Khatri 1748 – 1759
* Gurdiyal Singh 1759 – 1764
* Tara Singh Ghaiba 1764 – 1807

### Nakai Misl (1748 – 1810)

* Heera Singh Sandhu Nakai (r. 1748–1767; d. 1767)
* Sardar Nar Singh Nakai (r. 1767-1775; d. 1775)
* Ran Singh Nakai (r. 1775-1784; d. 1784)
* Bhagwan Singh Nakai (r. 1784-1789; d. 1789)
* Gyan Singh Nakai (r. 1789-1807; d. 1807)
* Kahan Singh Nakai (r. 1807–1810; d. 1873).

## Nawab of Punjab

| Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign |
| Adina Beg Khan (1710 – 15 September 1758) | | 10 April 1758 – 15 September 1758 |

## Princely states
### Chamba State (550 – 1948)

* Raja Yugakar Verman
* Raja Vidagdha Verman
* Raja Dodaka Verman
* Raja Vichitra Verman
* Raja Dhariya Verman
* Raja Salavahana Verman
* Raja Soma Varman
* Raja Asata Varman
* Raja Jasata Verman
* Raja Dhala Verman
* Raja Udayan Varman
* Raja Anand Verman
* Raja Ganesa Verman
* Raja Pratap Singh Verman, (from 1559 to 1586)
* Raja Vir Vahnu Verman (1586 to 1589)
* Raja Balbhadra Verman (1589 to 1641) as Chamba.
* 1690 - 1720 Udai Singh (b. ... - d. 1720)
* 1720 - 1735 Ugar Singh
* 1735 - 1794 Raj Singh (b. 1735 - d. 1794)
* 1794 - 1808 Jit Singh (b. 1775 - d. 1808)
* 1808 - 1844 Charhat Singh (b. 1803 - d. 1844)
* 1844 - 1870 Shri Singh (b. 1839 - d. 1870)
* 1870 - Apr 1873 Gopal Singh (b. 18... - d. 1893)
* 17 Apr 1873 – 22 Jan 1904 Sham Singh (b. 1866 - d. 1905)
* 22 Jan 1904 – 22 Sep 1919 Bhuri Singh (b. 1869 - d. 1919)
* 22 Sep 1919 - 7 Dec 1935 Ram Singh (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
* 7 Dec 1935 – 15 Aug 1947 Tikka Lakshman Singh (b. 1924 - d. 1971)

### State of Bahawalpur (1748 – 1955)

| Nawab Amir of Bahawalpur | Tenure |
| Bahawal Khan Abbasi I | 1748 – 1750 |
| Mubarak Khan Abbasi II | 1750 – 1772 |
| Bahawal Khan Abbasi II | 1772 – 1809 |
| Sadeq Khan Abbasi II | 1809 – 1827 |
| Bahawal Khan Abbasi III | 1827 – 1852 |
| Sadeq Khan Abbasi III | 1852 – 1853 |
| Fath Mohammad Khan Abbasi | 1853 – 1858 |
| Rahim Yaar Khan Abbasi | 1858 – 1866 |
| Sadeq Khan Abbasi IV | 1866 – 1899 |
| Bahawal Khan Abbasi V | 1899 – 1907 |
| Sadeq Khan Abbasi V | 1907 – 1955 |

### Patiala State (1761 – 1947)

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign | Enthronement | Ref. |
| Sardars ||||||
| 1 | Ala Singh (1691 or 1695 – 1765) | 1709 – 1765 | ? | $^{:188–215}$ |
| Maharajas ||||||
| 2 | Amar Singh (7 June 1748 – February 1781) | 1765 – 1781 | ? | |
| 3 | Sahib Singh (18 August 1773 – 26 March 1813) | 1781 – 1813 | ? | |
| 4 | Karam Singh (12 October 1797 – 23 December 1845) | 1813 – 1845 | 30 June 1813 | |
| 5 | Narinder Singh (26 October 1824 – 13 November 1862) | 1845 – 1862 | 18 January 1846 | |
| 6 | Mahendra Singh (16 September 1852 – 13 or 14 April 1876) | 1862 – 1876 | 29 January 1863 | |
| 7 | Rajinder Singh (25 May 1872 – 8 November 1900) | 1876 – 1900 | 6 January 1877 | |
| 8 | Bhupinder Singh (12 October 1891 – 1938) | 1900 – 1938 | ? | |
| 9 | Yadavindra Singh (7 January 1913 – 17 June 1974) | 1938 – 1974 | ? | |

### Jind State (1763 – 1948)

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign | Enthronement |
| Sardars ||||||
| 1 | Sukhchain Singh (1683 – 1758) | ? | ? – 1758 | ? |
| Rajas ||||||
| 2 | Gajpat Singh (15 April 1738 – 11 November 1789) | | 1758 – 1789 | ? |
| 3 | Bhag Singh (23 September 1760 – 16 June 1819) | | 1789 – 1819 | November 1789 |
| 4 | Fateh Singh (6 May 1789 – 3 February 1822) | | 1819 – 1822 | ? |
| 5 | Sangat Singh (16 July 1810 – 4/5 November 1834) | | 1822 – 1834 | 30 July 1822 |
| 6 | Swarup Singh (30 May 1812 – 26 January 1864) | | 1834 – 1864 | April 1837 |
| 7 | Raghubir Singh (1832 – 7 March 1887) | | 1864 – 1887 | 31 March 1864 |
| 8 | Ranbir Singh (11 October 1879 – 1 April 1948) | | 1887 – 1948 | 27 February 1888 |

### Nabha State (1763 – 1947)

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign | Enthronement |
| Sardars ||||||
| 1 | Hamir Singh (died 1783) | 1754 – 1783 | ? |
| Rajas ||||||
| 2 | Jaswant Singh (1775 – 22 May 1840) | 1783 – 1840 | ? |
| 3 | Devinder Singh (5 September 1822 – 14/15 November 1865) | 1840 – 1846 | 15 October 1840 |
| 4 | Bharpur Singh (5 October 1840 – 9 November 1863) | 1846 – 1863 | ? |
| 5 | Bhagwan Singh (30 November 1842 – 31 May 1871) | 1863 – 1871 | 17 February 1864 |
| Maharajas ||||||
| 6 | Hira Singh (19 December 1843 – 24 December 1911) | 1871 – 1911 | 10 August 1871 |
| 7 | Ripudaman Singh (4 March 1883 – 14 December 1942) | 1911 – 1923 | 24 January 1912 |
| 8 | Partap Singh (21 September 1919 – 22 July 1995) | 1923 – 1948 | |

### Kapurthala State (1772 – 1947)

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign |
| Sardars |||||
| 1 | Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (1718–1783) | 1777 – 20 October 1783 |
| 2 | Bagh Singh Ahluwalia (1747–1801) | 20 October 1783 – 10 July 1801 |
| Rajas |||||
| 3 | Fateh Singh Ahluwalia (1784–1837) | 10 July 1801 – 20 October 1837 |
| 4 | Nihal Singh (1817–1852) | 20 October 1837 – 13 September 1852 |
| 5 | Randhir Singh (1831–1870) | 13 September 1852 – 12 March 1861 |
| Raja-i Rajgan |||||
| – | Randhir Singh (1831–1870) | 12 March 1861 – 2 April 1870 |
| 6 | Kharak Singh (1850–1877) | 2 April 1870 – 3 September 1877 |
| 7 | Jagatjit Singh (1872–1949) | 3 September 1877 – 12 December 1911 |
| Maharajas |||||
| – | Jagatjit Singh (1872–1949) | 12 December 1911 – 15 August 1947 |
| Titular |||||
| – | Jagatjit Singh (1872–1949) | 15 August 1947 – 19 June 1949 |
| 8 | Paramjit Singh | |
| 9 | Sukhjit Singh | |

## Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849)

| S. No. | Name | Birth and death | Birth and death | Reign | Reign | Reign | Note | Note |
| 1 | Maharaja Ranjit Singh | 13 November 1780 (Gujranwala) | 27 June 1839 (Lahore) | 12 April 1801 | 27 June 1839 | 38 years, 76 days | The first Sikh ruler | Stroke |
| 2 | Maharaja Kharak Singh | 22 February 1801 (Lahore) | 5 November 1840 (Lahore) | 27 June 1839 | 8 October 1839 | 103 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Poisoning |
| 3 | Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh | 11 February 1820 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 (Lahore) | 8 October 1839 | 6 November 1840 | 1 year, 29 days | Son of Kharak Singh | Assassinated |
| 4 | Maharani Chand Kaur | 1802 (Fatehgarh Churian) | 11 June 1842 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 | 18 January 1841 | 73 days | Wife of Kharak Singh and the only female ruler of Sikh Empire | Abdicated |
| 5 | Maharaja Sher Singh | 4 December 1807 (Batala) | 15 September 1843 (Lahore) | 18 January 1841 | 15 September 1843 | 2 years, 240 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Assassinated |
| 6 | Maharaja Duleep Singh | 6 September 1838 (Lahore) | 22 October 1893 (Paris) | 15 September 1843 | 29 March 1849 | 5 years, 195 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Exiled |
| 7 | Maharani Jind Kaur (regent; nominal) | 1817 (Gujranwala) | 1 August 1863 (Kensington) | 15 September 1843 | 29 March 1849 | 5 years, 195 days | Wife of Ranjit Singh | Exiled |