OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tipner

Tipner is a residential district of Portsmouth, located on the north western corner of Portsea Island in southern England. It includes a housing estate, built during the 1930s, that used to function as married quarters for the Royal Navy, a yachting club, allotments, a primary school, The Harbour special school, and indoor and outdoor rifle ranges. There is a nearby sports centre at Alexandra Park. Tipner is bounded to the north and west by the M275 motorway and Tipner Lake. To the south is Stamshaw.

## Gunpowder magazines

In the 1790s a gunpowder magazine was constructed on Tipner Point (as part of the Board of Ordnance's policy of distributing gunpowder stored near the Royal Dockyards to a few more isolated and scattered locations).
By 1804 facilities had been built nearby on Stamshaw Point and Horsea Island to enable damp or damaged gunpowder offloaded from ships to be restored and then reused: from Tipner, the powder was taken first to Stamshaw, where it was unpacked from its barrels, assessed and sieved ("redusted"); from there it was taken to Horsea for the dangerous process of "restoving" (drying the damp powder in specialized ovens) after which it would either be returned directly to Tipner magazine ready for re-use, or else would go via the "mixing house" at Stamshaw to be blended with fresh powder.
The magazine of 1796 still stands at Tipner, together with a later (1850s) magazine and some ancillary buildings. At one time there was also a barracks which housed the troops tasked with protecting the facility.

## Royal Naval Rifle Range

A rifle range was established at Tipner in the 19th century, in connection with the RN Gunnery School (HMS Excellent) on nearby Whale Island. It closed in 2020.

## HMS Phoenix

HMS Phoenix, the Royal Navy's fire-fighting, damage repair, and NBCD (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence) training establishment, was located on the northern edge of Tipner, adjacent to Tipner Lake, between 1946 and 1993. In 1994 its operation was transferred to new units at HMS Excellent on Whale Island.
The former site, which was used for some time as a scrap yard, survives as a large area of derelict contaminated land and is highly visible from the M275 motorway at the gateway to Portsmouth. Several redevelopment plans have been proposed for visual improvements to the area, but none of them has so far progressed.
50°49′06″N 1°05′15″W﻿ / ﻿50.8184°N 1.0875°W﻿ / 50.8184; -1.0875
# Roper Technologies

Roper Technologies, Inc. (formerly Roper Industries, Inc.) is an American diversified industrial company based in Sarasota, Florida.

## History

The company was founded by George D. Roper in 1890, primarily focused on manufacturing of home appliances, pumps, and other industrial products. He gets part ownership in the Van Wie Gas Stove Company of Cleveland, Ohio. The Van Wie plant moved to Rockford, Illinois and passed into the hands trustees in the early 1890s. George D. Roper became the sole owner of the Van Wie Gas Stove company after the company's debts had been paid off on September 1, 1894. 10 days later, a fire destroyed the facility. The factory was rebuilt and renamed as the Eclipse Gas Stove Company, and later expanded to include the Trahern Pump Company, found in 1857 and acquired in 1906.
In 1957, George D. Roper sold his stove business to the Florence Stove Co. of Kankakee, IL. The stoves continued to operate under the name George D. Roper, the original company changed its name to Roper Pump Company. In 1966, George D. Roper entered the outdoor lawn equipment market, acquiring David Bradley Manufacturing Works from Sears.
In 1981 Roper Pump Co. reorganized to Roper Industries.
In 1982, Roper moved his appliance production factory (originally Florence Stove Company) from 2207 W Station, Kankakee, IL to a plant in LaFayette, Georgia. The Kankakee factory was razed in 2016. In 1988, Electrolux purchased Roper's lawn and garden products division. Roper was added to Husqvarna and Poulan/Weedeater divisions forming the new brand American Yard Products. In 1989, Whirlpool Corporation acquired the Roper brand.
In 1992, Roper initiated a corporate acquisition program, supported by an initial public offering. Between 2001 and 2018, Brian Jellison, a former executive of General Electric and Ingersoll-Rand, served as CEO. On April 24, 2015, Roper Industries Inc. changed its corporate name to Roper Technologies, Inc.
In August 2023, it was announced that Roper Technologies had acquired the Chicago-headquartered cloud-based performance management and data solutions company, Syntellis Performance Solutions for $1.25 billion.

## Subsidiaries

DAT Solutions offer freight load board products. The underlying framework is the DAT Network, an electronic freight posting service, acquired in 2001 from the Jubitz Corporation. DAT Solutions began as Dial-A-Truck, a load board operated at the Jubitz Truck Stop in Portland, Oregon.
IPA (Innovative Product Achievements, LLC) - IPA manufactures automated surgical scrub and linen dispensing equipment.
Manufacturing subsidiaries
* Compressor Controls Corporation (CCC)
* DAP Technologies
* Neptune Technology Group, Inc
* Roper Pump Co.
* Princeton Instruments
* Verathon, Inc.
Software subsidiaries
* The CBORD Group, Inc.
* The Foundry Visionmongers
* ConstructConnect ConstructConnect was acquired by Roper on October 31, 2016.
* Data Innovation
* Deltek
* Frontline Education
* iTradeNetwork
* Media Cybernetics
* Sunquest Information Systems
* Vertafore
* Transact Campus
# Urocanic acid

Urocanic acid (formally trans-Urocanic acid) is an intermediate in the catabolism of L-histidine. The cis-urocanic acid isomer is rare.

## Metabolism

It is formed from L-histidine through the action of histidine ammonialyase (also known as histidase or histidinase) by elimination of ammonium.
In the liver, urocanic acid is transformed by urocanate hydratase (or urocanase) to 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid and subsequently to glutamic acid.

## Clinical significance

Inherited deficiency of urocanase leads to elevated levels of urocanic acid in the urine, a condition known as urocanic aciduria.
An important role for the onset of atopic dermatitis and asthma has been attributed to filaggrin, a skin precursor of urocanic acid.
Urocanic acid is thought to be a significant attractant of the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis, in part because of relatively high levels in the plantar surfaces of the feet, the site through which this parasite often enters the body.

## Function

Urocanic acid is found in animal sweat and skin. its concentration varies greatly between people, from 4 nM per cm$^2$ to 34 nM per cm$^2$ with only small differences between areas other than at the sole of the foot and between sun-exposed and unexposed areas. Concentration does not link with age, sex, skin tone, photosensitivity, and stratum corneum thickness.
Among other functions, urocanic acid acts as an endogenous sunscreen or photoprotectant against UVB-induced DNA damage. However, some studies have questioned this.
Urocanic acid is found predominantly in the stratum corneum of the skin and it is likely that most of it is derived from filaggrin catabolism (a histidine-rich protein). When exposed to UVB irradiation, trans-urocanic acid is converted in vitro and in vivo to cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA). The cis form is known to activate regulatory T cells. Measuring cis-UCA provides a sensitive means at sub-erythemal doses to detect UVB, and so offers a potential method to assess the UVR protection provided by suncreams.
Some studies attribute filaggrin an important role in keeping the skin surface slightly acidic, through a breaking down mechanism to form histidine and subsequently trans-urocanic acid, however others have shown that the filaggrin–histidine–urocanic acid cascade is not essential for skin acidification.

## History

Urocanic acid was first isolated in 1874 by the chemist Max Jaffé from the urine of a dog, hence the name (Latin: urina = urine, and canis = dog).
# Mahrouna

Mahrouna (Arabic: محرونة) is a municipality in the Tyre District of the South Governorate in southern Lebanon. Located approximately 100 km south of Beirut and 18 km southeast of Tyre, the town sits at an elevation of 400 m above sea level. The only official demographic data available is from the 2014 voter registration records, which list 1,133 registered voters. The population is estimated around 3,800 residents.

## Etymology

British orientalist E. H. Palmer suggested the name Mahrûneh derives from the Arabic term for "'carded' (as cotton)."

## History

In 1875, French archaeologist Victor Guérin documented Mahrouna as a village inhabited by metawileh (Shia Muslims), noting ancient structural remains, rock-cut tombs, quarries, and a repurposed stone tank. The 1881 Survey of Western Palestine described it as a stone-built village of approximately 150 metawileh residents, surrounded by olive groves, fig trees, and farmland, with access to a spring and cisterns.
A prominent feature of the area is a hill covered in oak and olive trees, which functions as a natural park. The site includes ancient ruins, with large squared stones forming sections of a wall. Local tradition holds these remains to be part of a former fortress. During conflicts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, including the 2006 Lebanon War, portions of the hill sustained damage from aerial bombardments by Israeli jets, resulting in the destruction of oak trees.
Mahrouna was designated a municipality in 2004, with a nine-member council elected for a six-year term. Kamal Wehbe served as its inaugural president. As of 2011, the municipality managed local services under the oversight of Lebanon’s central government.
On 6 November 2024, during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the Mahrouna Mosque was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike.

## Demographics

According to 2014 voter registration data from Lebanon's Ministry of Interior and Municipalities, Mahrouna had 1,133 registered voters. Of these, 99.12% identified as Muslim, with Shia Muslims comprising 97.53%. Common family names include Wehbe (432 registered voters), Nehme (163), Shorba (91), Awada (47), and Makki (45).

## Notable people

* Haifa Wehbe (born 1972): Lebanese singer, acrtress and former beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss South Lebanon in 1992, and was first runner-up in Miss Lebanon 1996.

## Gallery

* Old Town House
* Town's Green View
* Oak Tree Hill
# Yangzhou Museum

Yangzhou Museum (simplified Chinese: 扬州博物馆; traditional Chinese: 揚州博物館; pinyin: Yángzhōu Bówùguǎn) is the biggest museum in Yangzhou, an ancient city in Jiangsu Province of China. It is located in front of the Mingyue Lake ("Bright Moon Lake") on Yangzhou' West Wenchang Road, about 4 km west of downtown Yangzhou and Slender West Lake.
Yangzhou Museum is housed in a modern building, covering an area of 50,000 m$^2$ (540,000 sq ft). It shares its lobby with the adjacent China Block Printing Museum; together the two museums are commonly known as the Yangzhou Double Museum (扬州双博馆).

## History

The museum was formerly located in the 1500-year-old Tianning Temple. The museum has had a number of different homes in its history; recently, the museum moved to a new building to accommodate its growing collections.

## Exhibition halls

The museum has seven exhibition halls, including Yangzhou history exhibition hall, Ancient Chinese sculpture art museum, Paintings and calligraphy of Yangzhou eight strange men hall, Collection of dynasty paintings and calligraphy in Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty hall, China national treasure hall, Jianyang printing museum and Yangzhou jianyang printing hall. Exhibits date from the Neolithic age down to late Qing dynasty. It features in the relics of Han dynasty, Tang dynasty, Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.

## Exhibitions

* Ancient Chinese Earthenware
* Ancient Chinese Jade
* Ancient Chinese Calligraphy & Painting
* Bronze Ware
* Cultural Relics
* Yangzhou Paper-cut Art
* Ming and Qing Porcelain

## Gallery

* Yangzhou museum inside
* Calligraphy001
* Calligraphy in ancient China
# Łukasz Zakrzewski

Łukasz Zakrzewski (born 1984) is a Polish sailor, ice sailor.
Zakrzewski is a member of Mazurski Klub Żeglarski Mikołajki team. He started ice-boating at age 7. He is a senior world vice-champion (2006 World Championships), junior world vice-champion and junior European vice-champion in sailing.

## Achievements

| Rank | Year | Event | Class |
| 1st | 1997 | Polish Championships | Ice Optimist |
| 2nd | 1998 | Polish Championships | Ice Optimist |
| 1st | 1999 | Younger Junior Polish Championships | International DN |
| 1st | 2001 | Younger Junior Polish Championships | International DN |
| 5th | 2002 | Junior World Championships (Estonia) | International DN |
| 2nd | 2003 | Junior World and European Championships (Estonia) | International DN |
| 2nd | 2003 | Junior Polish Championships | International DN |
| 3rd | 2004 | Junior Polish Championships | International DN |
| 3rd | 2004 | Grand Prix Intercomerce in Mikołajki | Omega |
| 4th | 2005 | Junior World and European Championships (Poland) | International DN |
| 2nd | 2005 | Junior Polish Championships | International DN |
| 3rd | 2005 | Grand Prix Intercomerce in Mikołajki | Omega |
| 2nd | 2006 | Senior World Championships | International DN |
| 1st | 2006 | Grand Prix Intercomerce in Mikołajki | Omega |
# Old Ashland Post Office

The Old Ashland Post Office is a historic building in Ashland, Wisconsin, United States. It now serves as the Ashland City Hall, which is what most people know it as, and refer to it as. It houses the offices of city government.
It was designed by the noted federal architect Willoughby J. Edbrooke, and constructed in 1892-93 under the supervision of local architect H.P. Padley. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for its architectural significance. The building is designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style, and constructed entirely of brownstone.
The building is of special historic interest, and is a contributing resource within the West Second Street Historic District, of downtown Ashland. It is the tallest building in the Historic District, and one of the best local examples of fine architecture.
The monumental three-story building features a prominent four-story tower, with a pyramidal-shaped roof. The tower no longer contains its bell, although the original bell still exists and is owned by the city, but kept in storage.
The first story windows have brownstone voussoirs, and archivolt moldings. The second story windows are rectangular, and the third story windows and tower openings are arched at the top. The main entrance has a large foliated arch supported by clusters of short columns, all in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. A very old flat-roofed addition on the back (north) side is made of matching materials, and matches the exact style. This addition houses the present-day City Council meeting room.
A highlight of the interior is a fine oak staircase, which leads to each floor, and up to the tower. The stairwell also has paneled wainscoting, which has been nicely restored.
The building was made with locally quarried Apostle Island brownstone of excellent quality. However, there are signs of deterioration due to recent sand-blasting that occurred while the building, once a vocational school, was renovated for use as the City Hall. In the 2010s, the building was made handicap accessible, with a new ramp on the west side.
# Bharat Singh Chaudhary

Bharat Singh Chaudhary (born 20 May 1959) is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand. He is an MLA from Rudraprayag Assembly constituency in Chamoli district. He won as an MLA in the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Chaudhary is from Rudraprayag, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. He is the son of the late Chautan Singh Chaudhary. He completed his B.A. in 1979 at a college affiliated with Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal.

## Career

Chaudhary won from Rudraprayag Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 29,660 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Pradeep Thapliyal of Indian National Congress, by a margin of 9,802 votes.
# Fanfix

Fanfix is a California-based social media technology platform that hosts membership clubs for content creators.

## History and operations

Fanfix was founded in December 2020 by college students Harry Gestetner, Simon Pompan and was later joined by Cameron Dallas as cofounder. Fanfix is a membership platform that enables content creators to monetize their followings and connect with their fans.
It allows creators to publish blogs, b-roll videos, tutorials, early access to new releases, post exclusive content and message with their fans for a fee. Fanfix creators include artists, motivational speakers, gamers, TikTokers, models, and fitness influencers. The platform is widely known for its Gen-Z creator base, with many of the top TikTok stars such as Caryn Marjory, Brooke Monk, Anna Shumate, Jumpers Jump, Cameron Dallas and the Mian Twins.
Fanfix is a Patreon-style platform focused on Gen Z. 90% of its referrals come from link-in-bios or swipe-ups from Instagram or Snapchat. Techcrunch reported that as of November 2022, the site had 9.6 million users, including two million monthly active users who had processed hundreds of thousands of transactions, with individual creators earning seven figures on the platform. In 2022, Fanfix announced the launch of SuperLink. In July 2022, it was announced that Fanfix had been acquired by SuperOrdinary, a Los Angeles, California–based brand platform. Fanfix differentiates itself from similar creator platforms by targeting Gen Z influencers and integrating directly with social media platforms to help creators maximize engagement and earnings.
# Chao (state)

Chao (Chinese: 巢; pinyin: Cháo) was a minor state of the Chinese Bronze Age, whose people belonged to the Shu tribes (群舒, literally "Many Shu") that lived south of the Huai River. Chao's exact location is unknown; traditionally, it was assumed that the state had existed in the vicinity of modern-day Chaohu, Anhui, but more recent sinologists like He Hao and Barry Blakeley consider it more likely that Chao was located further north, near the Huai River.

## History

According to the Book of Documents, Chao was a satellite of the Shang dynasty until the latter was overthrown by the Zhou dynasty, whereupon Chao voluntarily submitted to King Wu of Zhou around 1040 BCE. A few decades later during the reign of King Kang of Zhou, however, Chao rebelled and attacked Zhou territory. As result, the Zhou king sent the Six Armies of the West under Tung Kung to defeat Chao, though in the end it was the regional lord of E who defeated and captured Chao's rebellious ruler.
Despite this, Chao remained restive, and when a massive war broke out between Xu and the Zhou dynasty in the 940s BCE, the people of Chao sided with Xu against their overlords. This rebellion, too, proved unsuccessful for Chao, and was crushed when the Duke of Mao captured Chao's capital.
After the Zhou dynasty had largely collapsed in the 8th century BCE, Chao became fully independent, but soon came to be threatened by the expansionist state of Chu. Around 600 BCE, Chao and the other Shu states were forced to officially submit to Chu in order to avoid destruction. Nevertheless, the Shu states continued to maintain their desire for independence, which was supported and stirred by Chu's rival, Wu. In response, Chu began to fully conquer them one by one, beginning with Chao, whose fall is dated between 583-575 BCE by He Hao and sometime earlier by Blakeley. Even after the end of its independence, Chao's former capital continued to be a bone of contention between Chu and Wu: King Zhufan of Wu launched an attack on the city in 548 BCE, and was consequently killed during the fighting by a sniper.
# Brights Spring

Brights Spring is a stream in Barry County in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Brights Spring has the name of O. P. Bright, the original owner of the site.
# Chikashi Kubota

Chikashi Kubota (Japanese: 久保田 誓, Hepburn: Kubota Chikashi, born August 29, 1978) is a Japanese animator, character designer and animation director. He is notable for his character design works for Corpse Princess, FLCL Progressive, One-Punch Man and Robotics;Notes.

## Career

Born and raised in Katsushika, Kubota joined Xebec after working at Toei Animation Institute, and later worked at Gainax. Since then, he has provided many episode animation directions for various shows, and key animation for various movies, as well as designed the characters for Corpse Princess, One-Punch Man, FLCL, and Robotics;Notes.
In 2016, Kubota won in the "best animator" category at the Tokyo Anime Award.

## Works
### TV Anime

| Year | Title | Credit | Note |
| 2002-03 | Ojamajo Doremi Dokkān! | Key Animation (eps. 40) | |
| 2002-03 | Petite Princess Yucie | Key Animation (eps. 1, 7, 26) | |
| 2008 | Corpse Princess: Aka | Character Design, Animation Director (OP; eps. 12) | |
| 2009 | Corpse Princess: Kuro | Character Design, Animation Director (OP; eps. 11), Key Animation (OP) | |
| 2011 | Marvel Anime X-Men | Key Animation (OP) | |
| 2012-13 | From the New World | Main Character Design, Animation Director (eps. 1, 25), Assistant Animation Director (eps. 8), Key Animation (eps. 25) | |
| 2012-13 | Robotics;Notes | Animation Character Design | |
| 2015 | One-Punch Man | Character Design, Chief Animation Director (eps. 2-11), Animation Director (OP, ED; eps. 1, 12), Key Animation (eps. 12) | Season 1 |
| 2018 | FLCL Progressive | Character Design, Animation Director (eps. 1) | |
| 2019 | One-Punch Man | Character Design | Season 2 |
| 2019 | Pocket Monsters: Sun & Moon | Key Animation (eps. 144) | |
| 2020-22 | Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai | Key Animation (eps. 98) | |
| 2024-25 | Dragon Ball Daima | Chief Animation Director (eps. 1), Key Animation (eps. 1, 20) | |
| 2025–present | One Punch Man | Character Design | Season 3 |

### Anime film

| Year | Title | Credit | Note |
| 2001 | Digimon Tamers: Battle of Adventurers | Key Animation | |
| 2002 | Digimon Tamers: Runaway Locomon | Key Animation | |
| 2005 | One Piece: Baron Omatsuri and the Secret Island | Character Design, Animation Director | |
| 2005 | Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle the Movie: The Princess in the Birdcage Kingdom | Key Animation | |
| 2006 | The Girl Who Leapt Through Time | Animation Director | |
| 2018 | FLCL Progressive: The Movie | Character Design | |
| 2018 | Dragon Ball Super: Broly | Key Animation | |
| 2022 | Dragon Ball Super: Super Hero | Chief Animation Director | |
| 2022 | Suzume | Key Animation | |
| 2023 | Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Cosmos The Movie | Key Animation (Part 2) | 2-Part film |
# Hayes Branch

Hayes Branch is a stream in Barry County in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Hayes Branch has the name of the local Hayes family.
# Cretin

Cretin may refer to:
* Cretin (medicine), an archaic term for a patient with congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (cretinism)
* a pejorative term, similar to idiot
* Crétin (surname), a french-language surname

## Education

Named after Joseph Crétin
* Cretin Hall, a residence hall at the University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Cretin-Derham Hall High School, a co-educational Catholic high school in Minnesota

## Other

* Cape Cretin, a headland in the Huon Gulf in Papua New Guinea
* "Cretin", a song by Revocation from the album Chaos of Forms, 2011