# 1991 in video games

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
1991 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Street Fighter II, Final Fantasy IV, Super Castlevania IV, Mega Man 4, Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts, and The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, along with new titles such as Sonic the Hedgehog, Battletoads, Lemmings, Sunset Riders, Duke Nukem, Fatal Fury: King of Fighters, and Streets of Rage. The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide was Capcom's arcade fighting game Street Fighter II. The year's best-selling system was the Game Boy for the second year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video game was Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog, which was also the year's top video game rental in the United States.

## Top-rated games
### Game of the Year awards

The following titles won Game of the Year awards for 1991.
| Awards | Game of the Year | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Platform(s) |
| Chicago Tribune | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sonic Team | Sega | Platformer | Sega Genesis |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sonic Team | Sega | Platformer | Sega Genesis |
| European Computer Trade Show (ECTS) | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sonic Team | Sega | Platformer | Sega Mega Drive |
| Golden Joystick Awards | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sonic Team | Sega | Platformer | Sega Mega Drive |
| Chicago Tribune | Splatterhouse | Namco | NEC | Beat 'em up | TurboGrafx-16 |
| Chicago Tribune | Super Mario Bros. 3 | Nintendo R&D4 | Nintendo | Platformer | NES |
| European Computer Trade Show (ECTS) | Lemmings | DMA Design | Psygnosis | Strategy | Home computers |
| Famitsu Best Hit Game Awards | Final Fantasy IV | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Super Famicom |
| Gamest Awards | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Capcom | Capcom | Fighting | Arcade (CP System) |

### Famitsu Platinum Hall of Fame

The following video game releases in 1991 entered Famitsu magazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receiving Famitsu scores of at least 35 out of 40.
| Title | Platform | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Score (out of 40) |
| Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Super Famicom | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | 39 |
| Final Fantasy IV | Super Famicom | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | 36 |
| Lemmings | Super Famicom | Sunsoft | Sunsoft | Strategy | 35 |

## Financial performance
### Highest-grossing arcade games

The year's highest-grossing game worldwide was Street Fighter II, which alone accounted for an estimated 60% of the global arcade game market, according to Coinslot magazine. The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade game in Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.
| Market | Title | Hardware sales | Coin drop earnings | Inflation | Manufacturer | Genre |
| Japan | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 17,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Capcom | Fighting |
| United Kingdom | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 10,000 | $229 million+ | $530 million+ | Capcom | Fighting |
| United States | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Capcom | Fighting |
| United States | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Konami | Beat 'em up |
| Australia | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Capcom | Fighting |
| Worldwide | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 50,000 | | | Capcom | Fighting |

#### Japan

In Japan, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1991, according to the annual Gamest and Game Machine charts.
| Rank | Gamest | Game Machine | Game Machine |
| Rank | Gamest | Title | Type |
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Software conversion kit |
| 2 | Final Fight | Tetris (Sega) | Software conversion kit |
| 3 | Final Lap 2 | Columns | Software conversion kit |
| 4 | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | Final Lap 2 | Standard cabinet |
| 5 | Raiden | Final Lap 2 | Deluxe cabinet |
| 6 | Super Monaco GP | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | Software conversion kit |
| 7 | Clutch Hitter | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | Software conversion kit |
| 8 | GP Rider | Final Fight | Software conversion kit |
| 9 | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | World Stadium '90 | Software conversion kit |
| 10 | Dragon Saber | Columns II | Software conversion kit |

#### United States

In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade video games of 1991.
| Rank | AAMA | AAMA | AMOA | AMOA | Play Meter |
| Rank | Title | Award | Arcade conversion kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Play Meter |
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Diamond | Street Fighter II | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles |
| 2 | The Simpsons, Neo Geo MVS | Platinum | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden | Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' | Un­known |
| 3 | The Simpsons, Neo Geo MVS | Platinum | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden | Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' | Un­known |
| 4 | High Impact Football | Gold | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden | Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' | Un­known |
| 5 | Final Lap 2 | Silver | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden | Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' | Un­known |

#### Hong Kong and Australia

In Hong Kong and Australia, the following titles were the top-grossing arcade games on the monthly charts in 1991.
| Month | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Australia (Timezone) | Australia (Timezone) | Australia (Timezone) |
| Month | Arcade conversion software kit | Arcade conversion software kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Ref | Dedicated | Conversion | Ref |
| January | Super Pang | Super Pang | Big Run | Cisco Heat | Cisco Heat | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| February | Escape Kids | Street Fighter II | Cisco Heat | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| March | Street Fighter II | Street Fighter II | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | F-15 Strike Eagle | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| April | Street Fighter II | Gun Force | F-15 Strike Eagle | F-15 Strike Eagle | F-15 Strike Eagle | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| May | Street Fighter II | Street Fighter II | F-15 Strike Eagle | F-15 Strike Eagle | Hard Drivin' | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| June | Street Fighter II | Street Fighter II | Hard Drivin' | Hard Drivin' | Hard Drivin' | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| July | Street Fighter II | Mutant Fighter | Hard Drivin' | Hard Drivin' | Hard Drivin' | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| August | Mutant Fighter | D. D. Crew | Hard Drivin' | Hard Drivin' | Time Traveler | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| September | WWF WrestleFest | Street Fighter II | Time Traveler | Time Traveler | Hard Drivin' | | Un­known | Un­known | |
| October | Street Fighter II | Vendetta | Hard Drivin' | Race Drivin' | Race Drivin' | | Final Lap 2 | Spider-Man | |
| 1991 | | | | | | | Street Fighter II | Street Fighter II | |

### Best-selling home systems

| Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | Sales | Sales | Sales | Sales |
| Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Japan | USA | Europe | Korea | Worldwide |
| 1 | Game Boy | Nintendo | Handheld | 8-bit | 1,940,000 | 4,000,000 | 1,400,000 | Un­known | 7,340,000+ |
| 2 | Super NES | Nintendo | Console | 16-bit | 3,150,000 | 1,900,000+ | — | — | 5,050,000+ |
| 3 | NES / Famicom | Nintendo | Console | 8-bit | 1,240,000 | 2,100,000 | 500,000+ | 100,000 | 3,940,000+ |
| 4 | Mega Drive / Genesis | Sega | Console | 16-bit | 700,000 | 1,600,000+ | 815,000 | 51,000 | 3,166,000+ |
| 5 | IBM PC | IBM | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,910,000 |
| 6 | Macintosh | Apple Inc. | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,100,000 |
| 7 | Master System | Sega | Console | 8-bit | Un­known | < 50,000 | 1,745,000 | 160,000 | 1,905,000+ |
| 8 | NEC PC-88 / PC-98 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit / 16-bit | 1,720,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | 1,720,000+ |
| 9 | Game Gear | Sega | Handheld | 8-bit | 400,000 | 600,000+ | 520,000 | Un­known | 1,520,000+ |
| 10 | Amiga | Commodore | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 1,035,000 |

### Best-selling home video games

Sonic the Hedgehog was the best-selling home video game of 1991, with 2 million copies sold worldwide during the year.

#### Japan

In Japan, according to Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu) magazine, the following titles were the top ten best-selling 1991 releases, including later sales in 1992.
| Rank | Title | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Platform | Sales |
| 1 | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | < 1,160,000 |
| 2 | Final Fantasy IV (Final Fantasy II) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Super Famicom | Un­known |
| 3 | Yoshi | Game Freak | Nintendo | Puzzle | Famicom | Un­known |
| 4 | Yoshi | Game Freak | Nintendo | Puzzle | Game Boy | Un­known |
| 5 | Ganbare Goemon: Yukihime Kyūshutsu Emaki (Mystical Ninja) | Konami | Konami | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | Un­known |
| 6 | SaGa 3: Jikū no Hasha (Final Fantasy Legend III) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Game Boy | < 650,000 |
| 7 | Chō Makaimura (Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts) | Capcom | Capcom | Action-platformer | Super Famicom | Un­known |
| 8 | SimCity | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | City-building | Super Famicom | Un­known |
| 9 | Super Wagan Land | Namco | Namco | Platformer | Super Famicom | Un­known |
| 10 | Super Formation Soccer (Super Soccer) | Human Entertainment | Human Entertainment | Sports (football) | Super Famicom | < 600,000 |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games on the Famitsu charts in 1991. The charts were bi-weekly up until July 1991, when they switched to a weekly format.
| Month | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 |
| January | Un­known | Un­known | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) |
| February | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) |
| March | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) |
| April | Ultraman (Super Famicom) | Ultraman (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) |
| May | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | SimCity (Super Famicom) | SimCity (Super Famicom) |
| June | SimCity (Super Famicom) | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Magical Taruruto (Game Boy) | Magical Taruruto (Game Boy) |
| July | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Super R-Type (SFC) | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) |
| August | Un­known | Un­known | Final Fantasy IV (SFC) | Dragon Ball Z II: Gekishin Freeza (FC) |
| September | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | Chibi Maruko-chan 2 (GB) | Mario Open Golf (Famicom) |
| October | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) |
| November | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Akumajō Dracula (SFC) | Super Mario World (SFC) | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC) |
| December | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC) | Mega Man 4 (FC) | SaGa 3 (Game Boy) | SaGa 3 (Game Boy) |

#### United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the following titles were the best-selling home video games on the monthly Computer and Video Games (CVG) charts in 1991.
| Month | Home computers | Sega Mega Drive | PC Engine |
| January | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (C64) | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Out Run |
| February | Speedball 2: Brutal Deluxe (Amiga) | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Out Run |
| March | Lemmings (Amiga) | Gynoug | Parasol Stars |
| April | Magicland Dizzy (ZX Spectrum) | Midnight Resistance | Parasol Stars |
| May | Magicland Dizzy (ZX Spectrum) | Midnight Resistance | Parasol Stars |
| June | Magicland Dizzy (ZX Spectrum) | Sonic the Hedgehog | Legend of Hero Tonma |
| July | Bubble Bobble (ZX Spectrum) | Sonic the Hedgehog | — |
| August | Manchester United Europe | — | — |
| September | Jimmy White's 'Whirlwind' Snooker | Streets of Rage | PC Kid 2 |
| October | Terminator 2: Judgment Day | Mercs | Hit the Ice |
| November | Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 | QuackShot | Time Cruise II |
| December | WWF WrestleMania | RoboCod | Gradius |

#### United States

In the United States, the following titles were the top three best-selling home video game releases of 1991.
| Rank | Title | Platform | Sales |
| 1 | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | 1,000,000+ |
| 2 | Super Mario World | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Un­known |
| 3 | F-Zero | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Un­known |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1991.
| Month | All platforms | All platforms | All platforms | Nintendo consoles | Nintendo consoles | Nintendo consoles | Nintendo consoles | Nintendo consoles |
| Month | Title | Platform | Ref | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref |
| May | Un­known | Un­known | | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | |
| June | Un­known | Un­known | | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | |
| August | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | |
| September | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | | Un­known | Tetris (NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Un­known | |
| October | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | |
| November | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | |
| December | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | |

## Events
### Notable releases

* January - The first two THQ releases came out in stores.
* February 14 – DMA Design releases Lemmings, a puzzle game that requires the player to lead a group of anthropomorphic lemmings through a dangerous environment to an escape portal.
* March – AOL, SSI, TSR and Stormfront Studios collaborate and launch Neverwinter Nights, credited as the first graphical MMORPG.
* March 7 – Capcom releases Street Fighter II for arcades. It becomes highly successful and is routinely listed as the grandfather of the fighting game genre. It is also credited with revitalizing the arcade game industry at the time, and popularizing direct tournament-level competition between players.
* May 6 – Sierra On-Line releases The Sierra Network, which is also credited as the first graphical MMORPG (due to its inclusion of The Shadow of Yserbius), TSN would later become its more memorable name, ImagiNation Network, after a total buyout from AT&T in 1994.
* June 23 – Sega releases Sonic the Hedgehog for the Sega Genesis which later becomes the pack-in game and defining title for the console. It introduces the eponymous character, who would go on to be Sega's mascot. Sega also releases a version of the game for the Master System and Game Gear.
* July 19 – Square releases Final Fantasy IV in Japan, the first Final Fantasy game for the Super Famicom (released in November as Final Fantasy II in North America).
* August 13 – Intelligent Systems releases SimCity for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.
* August 23 – Nintendo releases Super Mario World and F-Zero along with the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. Super Mario World was the original pack-in game for the SNES. The game introduces the Yoshi character to the Mario series.
* September – Namco releases Starblade for arcades, featuring one of the earliest instances of real-time 3D graphics in video games.
* September – Electronic Arts releases motorcycle racing combat game Road Rash for Sega Genesis, starting the series.
* October 14 - Nintendo releases Mario The Juggler, the final Game & Watch title.
* November – Nintendo releases Metroid II: Return of Samus for the Game Boy in North America.
* November – Delphine Software releases cinematic action-adventure game Another World for the Amiga, which uses polygons instead of sprites.
* November 21 – Nintendo releases The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past for the Super Famicom in Japan.
* November 25 – SNK releases Fatal Fury: King of Fighters for the Neo Geo.
* December 1 – LucasArts releases Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge for Amiga, MS-DOS, Macintosh, and FM Towns.
* December 4 – Konami releases Super Castlevania IV for SNES in North America.
* December 6 – Mega Man 4 is released in Japan.
* December 13 – Tecmo releases Tecmo Super Bowl for NES, the follow-up to 1989's Tecmo Bowl.
* December 16 – MicroProse releases Civilization. As of 2005, it is still Sid Meier's most successful game.
* Team17 release Alien Breed, the first of the series, for the Amiga.

### Hardware

* July – Atari updates their Lynx handheld system with a smaller form-factor, better screen, and longer battery life.
* August 23 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System released in North America.
* December 1 – Sega releases the Mega-CD in Japan.
* September – S3 launches with the 86C911, often regarded as the first significant graphics accelerator chip for the Microsoft Windows platform.

## Business

* New companies: Vicarious Visions, Inc, id Software, Bungie, Silicon & Synapse (now known as Blizzard Entertainment), The 3DO Company (founded as SMSG, Inc.), Cyberdreams
* In August, Game Informer (a monthly video game magazine) is released for the first time.