# Pomeranian Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo pomorskie ; Kashubian: Pòmòrsczé wòjewództwò) is a voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. The provincial capital is Gdańsk.
The voivodeship was established on January 1, 1999, out of the former voivodeships of Gdańsk, Elbląg and Słupsk, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1997. It is bordered by the West Pomeranian Voivodeship to the west, Greater Poland and the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship to the south, the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the east, and the Baltic Sea to the north. It also shares a short land border with Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast), on the Vistula Spit. The bulk of the voivodeship is located in the historic region of Pomerania, with the territories on the eastern bank of the Vistula being part of Powiśle. The Pomeranian part of the region comprises most of Pomerelia (the easternmost part of Pomerania) with its subregions of Kashubia and Kociewie, whereas the western part, around Słupsk, is part of Farther Pomerania.
The province is one of rich cultural heritage. The Tricity urban area, consisting of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, is one of the main cultural, commercial and educational centres of Poland. Gdańsk and Gdynia are two of the major Polish seaports, the first erected by Mieszko I of Poland in the Middle Ages, the latter built in the interwar period. Amongst the most recognisable landmarks of the region are the historic city centre of Gdańsk filled with Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, the Museum of the National Anthem in Będomin, located at the birthplace of Józef Wybicki, poet and politician, author of the national anthem of Poland, the largest medieval churches of Poland (the St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk and the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Pelplin) and the Malbork Castle. The voivodeship also includes the narrow Hel Peninsula and the Polish half of the Vistula Spit. Other tourist destinations include Wejherowo, Sopot, Jurata, Łeba, Władysławowo, Puck, Krynica Morska, Ustka, Jastarnia, Kuźnica, Bytów and many fishing ports, lighthouses, and marinas.

## Etymology

The name Pomerania derives from the Slavic po more, meaning "by the sea" or "on the sea".

## Cities and towns

The voivodeship contains 7 cities and 35 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (official 2019 figures).
* Gdańsk (468,158)
* Gdynia (246,244)
* Słupsk (90,769)
* Tczew (60,120)
* Wejherowo (49,652)
* Starogard Gdański (47,775)
* Sopot (35,827)
Towns:
* Rumia (49,160)
* Chojnice (39,890)
* Malbork (38,465)
* Kwidzyn (38,444)
* Lębork (35,333)
* Pruszcz Gdański (31,135)
* Reda (26,011)
* Kościerzyna (23,776)
* Bytów (16,918)
* Ustka (15,460)
* Kartuzy (14,536)
* Człuchów (13,649)
* Puck (11,213)
* Miastko (10,439)
* Sztum (9,940)
* Władysławowo (9,930)
* Czersk (9,910)
* Nowy Dwór Gdański (9,905)
* Prabuty (8,695)
* Pelplin (7,784)
* Skarszewy (6,994)
* Gniew (6,707)
* Żukowo (6,691)
* Czarne (5,932)
* Dzierzgoń (5,364)
* Brusy (5,188)
* Debrzno (5,096)
* Nowy Staw (4,248)
* Łeba (3,644)
* Skórcz (3,625)
* Kępice (3,580)
* Hel (3,267)
* Czarna Woda (2,786)
* Jastarnia (2,704)
* Krynica Morska (1,303)
* Kobylnica

## Administrative division

Pomeranian Voivodeship is divided into 20 counties (powiats): 4 city counties, and 16 land counties. These are further divided into 123 gminas (communes).
The counties are listed below in order of decreasing population.
| English and Polish names | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat | Other towns | Total gminas |
| City counties ||||||
| Gdańsk | 262 | 468,158 | | | 1 |
| Gdynia | 136 | 246,244 | | | 1 |
| Słupsk | 43.15 | 90,769 | | | 1 |
| Sopot | 17.31 | 35,827 | | | 1 |
| Land counties ||||||
| Wejherowo County powiat wejherowski | 1,280 | 216,764 | Wejherowo | Rumia, Reda | 10 |
| Starogard County powiat starogardzki | 1,345 | 128,055 | Starogard Gdański | Skarszewy, Skórcz, Czarna Woda | 13 |
| Tczew County powiat tczewski | 698 | 115,738 | Tczew | Pelplin, Gniew | 6 |
| Kartuzy County powiat kartuski | 1,120 | 137,942 | Kartuzy | Żukowo | 8 |
| Słupsk County powiat słupski | 2,304 | 98,793 | Słupsk * | Ustka, Kępice | 10 |
| Chojnice County powiat chojnicki | 1,364 | 97,616 | Chojnice | Czersk, Brusy | 5 |
| Gdańsk County powiat gdański | 793 | 117,452 | Pruszcz Gdański | | 8 |
| Kwidzyn County powiat kwidzyński | 835 | 83,231 | Kwidzyn | Prabuty | 6 |
| Bytów County powiat bytowski | 2,193 | 79,260 | Bytów | Miastko | 10 |
| Puck County powiat pucki | 578 | 86,203 | Puck | Władysławowo, Jastarnia, Hel | 7 |
| Kościerzyna County powiat kościerski | 1,166 | 72,589 | Kościerzyna | | 8 |
| Lębork County powiat lęborski | 707 | 66,196 | Lębork | Łeba | 5 |
| Malbork County powiat malborski | 495 | 63,575 | Malbork | Nowy Staw | 6 |
| Człuchów County powiat człuchowski | 1,574 | 56,225 | Człuchów | Czarne, Debrzno | 7 |
| Sztum County powiat sztumski | 731 | 41,808 | Sztum | Dzierzgoń | 5 |
| Nowy Dwór Gdański County powiat nowodworski (pomorski) | 653 | 35,656 | Nowy Dwór Gdański | Krynica Morska | 5 |
| * seat not part of the county ||||||

## Governors

| Name | Period |
| Tomasz Sowińskii | 1 January 1999 - 20 October 2001 |
| Jan Ryszard Kurylczyk | 20 October 2001 - 26 July 2004 |
| Cezary Dąbrowski | 26 July 2004 - 27 January 2006 |
| Piotr Ołowski | 27 January 2006 - 26 February 2007 |
| Piotr Karczewski | 22 May 2007 - 29 November 2007 |
| Roman Zaborowski | 29 November 2007 - 25 October 2011 |
| Ryszard Stachurski | 12 December 2011 – 8 December 2015 |
| Dariusz Drelich | 8 December 2015 – present |

## Economy

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 29.2 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 5.9% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 20,800 euros or 69% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 74% of the EU average.

### Major corporations

| Corporation name Further information | Location | Kind of activity |
| Energa Gdańsk Power Generator | Gdańsk | energy supplies |
| Ergo Hestia | Sopot | insurance |
| Gdańsk Repair Yard | Gdańsk | repair shipyard |
| Gdynia Stocznia | Gdynia | shipyard |
| GE Capital Bank | Gdańsk | banking |
| Grupa LOTOS | Gdańsk | petroleum products |
| Intel Technology Poland | Gdańsk | hardware |
| International Paper Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn | paper products |
| Lubiana | Łubiana near Kościerzyna | china-ware manufacturer |
| Philips Consumer Electronics | Kwidzyn | electronics |
| Polpharma | Starogard Gdański | medicines |
| Prokom Software | Gdynia | software |
| Destylarnia Sobieski | Starogard Gdański | distillery |
| Elnord | Gdańsk | energy supplies |
| LPP | Gdańsk | designing and distributing clothes |
| Source: |||

## Transport

* Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport
* Obwodnica Trójmiejska
The A1, S6 and S7 highways pass through the province.

### Railway

* Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna
* SKM
The three busiest railway stations of northern Poland, and three of ten busiest railway stations of Poland overall, are located in the voivodeship. Those are Gdynia Główna, Gdańsk Główny and Gdańsk Wrzeszcz.

## Education
### Higher education

| Name | Location | Students in thousands | Students in thousands |
| Name | Location | total | of which women |
| Total | - | 97.9 | 55.3 |
| Uniwersytet Gdański (Gdańsk University) | Tricity | 29.3 | 19.4 |
| Politechnika Gdańska (Gdańsk University of Technology) | Gdańsk | 17.6 | 5.9 |
| Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku (Pomeranian Academy in Słupsk) | Słupsk | 8.1 | 6.0 |
| Akademia Medyczna w Gdańsku (Medical University of Gdańsk) | Gdańsk | 4.2 | 3.1 |
| Akademia Wychowanie Fizycznego i Sportu w Gdańsku (Gdańsk Sports Academy) | Gdańsk | 4.1 | 1.9 |
| Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku (Gdańsk Academy of Fine Arts) | Gdańsk | 0.9 | 0.7 |
| Akademia Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte (Polish Naval Academy) | Gdynia | . | . |
| Akademia Morska w Gdyni (Gdynia Maritime Academy) | Gdynia | . | . |
| Gdańskie Seminarium Duchowne (Gdańsk Seminary) | Gdańsk | . | . |
| Akademia Muzyczna im. Stanisława Moniuszki w Gdańsku (Stanisław Moniuszko Academy of Music, in Gdańsk) | Gdańsk | . | . |
| Data as of 31 November 2005, source http://www.stat.gov.pl ||||

## Protected areas

Protected areas in Pomeranian Voivodeship include two National Parks and nine Landscape Parks. These are listed below.
* Słowiński National Park (a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve)
* Tuchola Forest National Park (part of a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve)
* Coastal Landscape Park
* Iława Lake District Landscape Park (partly in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship)
* Kashubian Landscape Park
* Słupia Valley Landscape Park
* Tricity Landscape Park
* Tuchola Landscape Park (partly in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship)
* Vistula Spit Landscape Park
* Wdydze Landscape Park
* Zaborski Landscape Park

## Sports

Football, basketball, motorcycle speedway and volleyball enjoy the largest following in the voivodeship. The Arka Gdynia and Lechia Gdańsk football clubs contest the Tricity Derby, the fiercest football rivalry in northern Poland.
Since the establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the EuroBasket 2009, UEFA Euro 2012, 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2016 European Men's Handball Championship, 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup, 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.

## Curiosities

* There are two spa towns in the province: Sopot and Ustka.
* The provincial capital of Gdańsk was the largest city of Poland for over 250 years, from the mid-15th century to the early 18th century, when it was surpassed by the national capital of Warsaw. Gdańsk has five sites listed as Historic Monuments of Poland, a joint record with Kraków, including its historic city center.
* There are numerous castles in the province, and the Kwidzyn and Malbork castles are listed as Historic Monuments of Poland, with the latter also designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* The longest wooden pier in Europe, the Sopot Pier, is located in the voivodeship.
* In 1380, the first Scots settled in Gdańsk, founding what would eventually become a significant Scottish diaspora in Poland, and later on, Scots also lived in Chojnice, Czarne, Człuchów, Debrzno, Gniew, Kościerzyna, Puck, Starogard Gdański, Tczew. The Stare Szkoty neighbourhood of Gdańsk is named after the Scottish settlers.
* One of the three parish churches of the Armenian Catholic Church in Poland is located in Gdańsk (see also: Armenians in Poland).
* The voivodeship features several places where major international treaties were signed in the past, i.e. the Dano-Polish truce of 1458 and Polish-Swedish alliance of 1677, both signed in Gdańsk, the Polish-Swedish truces of 1629 and 1635 signed in Stary Targ and Sztumska Wieś, respectively, and the peace treaty ending the Second Northern War of 1655–1660.
* Sztutowo is the location of the former Stutthof concentration camp, the first Nazi German concentration camp established outside of pre-war Germany during World War II.
* The Westerplatte peninsula in Gdańsk was the site of the Battle of Westerplatte, the first battle of the German invasion of Poland and World War II, and is now designated a Historic Monument of Poland.
* During World War II, the Stalag II-B and Stalag XX-B major prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, British, French, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Soviet, Italian, American, Australian, New Zealander, Canadian, Senegalese, Malagasy, Tunisian, Moroccan, Algerian and other Allied POWs were operated in the territory by Nazi Germany. There are cemeteries of the POWs at the sites in Czarne and Malbork.
* There are numerous memorials at the sites of Nazi massacres of Poles from World War II, including the largest massacres in Piaśnica, Szpęgawsk and Chojnice.
* The Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of four first-level administrative divisions containing the name of the region of Pomerania, the other being the neighbouring West Pomeranian Voivodeship and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany.