OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenya–Sudan relations

Kenya–Sudan relations are bilateral relations between Kenya and Sudan.

## Historical relations

Kenya and other African Great Lakes nations were known supporters of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement freedom movement in what was then southern Sudan. The country hosted refugees and is suspected to have supplied armaments to South Sudanese rebels during the First Sudanese Civil War. Aid to the SPLM negatively affected general relations between Sudan and nearby countries, including Kenya.

## Military relations

Kenya played a crucial role in Sudanese peace efforts, hosting negotiations that led to the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, which contributed to the formation of South Sudan in 2011.

## Political relations

In 2010, Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir returned from a visit to Nairobi while the ICC had issued a warrant for his arrest. In November 2011, a Kenyan court issued its own arrest warrant to Al-Bashir if he were to enter Kenya again. This led to diplomatic tension between both countries.
Additionally, Sudan and Kenya have been part of the talks aimed at ending the civil war in South Sudan.
In early 2024, Sudan recalled its ambassador to Kenya and accused Nairobi of supporting a parallel government for the RSF. Kenya defended its stance, asserting that its actions were aimed at promoting peace.
Under President William Ruto, Kenya has been accused of siding with Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces in the ongoing conflict against the Sudanese Armed Forces. In February 2025, Nairobi hosted RSF-aligned politicians for discussions on forming a parallel government, prompting Sudan to recall its ambassador and label Kenya a "rogue state."

## Economic relations

Kenya's strengthening ties with the United Arab Emirates, a country suspected of supporting the RSF, have added to economic friction with Sudan.
In response to Kenya’s hosting of the Sudanese RSF, Sudan imposed a Kenyan import ban in February 2024, significantly impacting Kenya’s exports and economic stability. The conflict, which began in April 2023, has already led to a 12% drop in tea exports.

## Diplomatic missions

* Sudan maintains an embassy in Nairobi.
* Kenya also has an embassy in Khartoum.
# Markel Etxeberria

Markel Etxeberria Mendiola (born 15 February 1995) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right back for Sestao River.

## Career

Born in Erandio, Basque Country, Etxeberria began his career in the youth ranks of local Athletic Bilbao. He was registered at their third team CD Basconia and had not yet featured for the reserves when he was called up to their squad for their UEFA Europa League play-off second leg against HJK Helsinki, remaining an unused substitute in a 3–3 draw in the Finnish capital.
He played 35 games in the 2014–15 season, as the team ascended from Segunda División B. After missing the start of the next campaign through injury, on 24 October 2015, Etxeberria made his first appearance in a professional league, starting in a goalless draw at San Mamés against fellow promoted team SD Huesca in Segunda División. He played 30 times in a season which ended in a return to the third tier, scoring his first goal for the team in a 3–2 win at RCD Mallorca the following 7 February.
After signing a new contract to last until 2018, Etxeberria returned to the second division on loan on 27 June 2016, being loaned to Real Valladolid for the upcoming season. After appearing rarely, he moved to fellow league team CD Numancia on 6 July 2017, also in a temporary deal.
On 19 June 2018, after featuring regularly as the Soria side narrowly missed out promotion in the play-offs, Etxeberria was released by Athletic as his contract was due to expire, and remained at Numancia for a further season. After failing to pin down a starting spot at Numancia he had several short term stints with limited playing times at Cartagena, Barakaldo and Eldense before signing for Sestao River in January, 2022.
# Frank Richardson (director)

Frank Atwood Richardson (1898–1962) was an American film director and screenwriter. In the 1920s and 1930s he worked in Britain, directing several quota quickies including Don't Be a Dummy (1932). Commenting on his work on The Avenging Hand, (1936) Steve Chibnall noted that he was "an American director of such incompetence that some believed he was an Englishman faking the accent, needed considerable rescuing."

## Selected filmography

* Kitty Tailleur (1921)
* Sheer Bluff (1921)
* The White Hen (1921)
* King of the Pack (1926)
* Racing Blood (1926)
* The River House Ghost (1932)
* Don't Be a Dummy (1932)
* Above Rubies (1932)
* Double Wedding (1933)
* The Howard Case (1936)
* The Avenging Hand (1937)
* That's the Ticket (1940)
* Bait (1950)
# Ourimbah Wyoming Magpies

The Ourimbah Wyoming Magpies are an Australian rugby league football club based in the suburb of Ourimbah on the Central Coast of NSW. They have numerous teams competing in competitions run by the Central Coast Division of Country Rugby League, from U/7s through to First Grade. The Magpies' current home ground is Bill Sohier Park and their traditional colours are black and white.

## History

Ourimbah cites its establishment date as 1913, when the club competed in Second Grade of the Newcastle Rugby Union. The team were runners-up to North Newcastle, losing the Final by 18 points to nine.
Ourimbah was a founding member of the Central Coast's first organised rugby league competition in 1915, along with Erina, Matcham, Wyong and Yarramalong. At the conclusion to that first season, Ourimbah upset the favourites, Erina, in a final, winning by three points to nil.
Competition was suspended after the 1915 season. A few matches were played in 1918 between Gosford, Wyong and Yarramalong. When the Wyong & District Rugby League recommenced competition in 1919, Ourimbah entered a team, finishing fourth behind Jilliby, Wyong and Gosford but above Erina and Yarramalong. They also participated in a knock-out competition that followed the premiership decider. Alex Burgess was MVP by scoring 0 points.
Ourimbah topped the competition table in 1920, and won a top-two play-off final.
From 1921, the premiership was decided without a final, unless the leading teams were tied on competition points at the completion of the rounds. A knock-out competition followed, with all teams eligible to enter. Ourimbah won both competitions in 1921 and 1922. The club's next success came in 1925, with a 'double' in Second Grade.
After five seasons with only three or four teams in either grade, the association decided to run combined competition in 1928, with Ourimbah (East and West), and Wyong (North and South) fielding two teams. Ourimbah East defeated Gosford in the knock-out final.

## Honours and records
### Team

* Premierships (12): 1915, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1960, 2010.
* Runners-up (11): 1923, 1928, 1936, 1949, 1950, 1956, 1961, 1962, 1963, 2008, 2011.
* Second / B / Reserve Grade (7): 1925, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1949, 1953, 1996.
* Third Grade (1): 1969.
* Open Age (1): 2015.
* C Grade (5): 1953, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1965.
* Under 18 (2): 1968, 1993.
* Under 19 (2): 2003, 2005.
* D Grade (5): 1960, 1964.
* Under 17 (1): 2002.
* Under 16 (1): 1972
* First Grade Knock-Out (4): 1921, 1922, 1928, 1932.
* Second Grade Knock-Out (4): 1925, 1933, 1935, 1936.

## Team Numbers

Team numbers obtained and compiled from competition tables and match results published in the newspapers, Central Coast Express, Wyong Shire Advocate and Central Coast Express Advocate. Numbers for 2003 and 2011 taken from copies of the Central Coast Division Junior Rugby League Yearbook of those years, supplied by Toukley Hawks RLFC. Age groups Under 9 and younger not included as team numbers from 1985 to 2011 not known to the author.
# Robert Logan Patton High School

Robert L. Patton High School (commonly known as Patton High School) is a public high school in Morganton, North Carolina. It is a part of the Burke County Public Schools district.

## History

Robert L. Patton High School opened its doors to students in 2007. It shares the same design as Jimmy C. Draughn High School in Valdese, North Carolina, which opened a year later in 2008.

## Athletics

The school mascot is a panther, with the school colors being red, black, and silver. Patton sports teams compete in the North Carolina High School Athletic Association and is currently a 2A school. The Panthers are a member of the Mountain Foothills 7 Conference for sports.
# Censorship of Skype

Several countries have interfered with or banned access to the telecommunications application software Skype. The use of the website has also been restricted in other ways.

## Censorship by country
### Uzbekistan

After issuance of the new amendment (Article 27.1) to the Personal Data Law on January 14, 2021, Uzbekistan government started demanding foreign agencies to store its citizens' data on Uzbekistan soil. Several companies ignored the request. Thus, Uzbekistan government formally issued a statement saying it blocked several of them including Skype, TikTok, Twitter.

### Bangladesh

After the complaint from Bangladesh Awami League about using Skype for election interview process by the opposition party of Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission has blocked the telecommunications application Skype.com.

### Morocco

Morocco has boycott Skype as a part of the North African country's telecommunication operators that implemented the ban.

### Oman

Skype was blocked in Oman for several years as well as others voice calling services. In March 2020, Skype was unblocked following the coronavirus pandemic.

### China

Disruption to Skype began in October 2017. The Ministry of Public Security reported that a number of voice over internet protocol apps do not comply with local laws and has since removed Skype from the app store in China, though it is not widely used by domestic consumers.

### United Arab Emirates

In the United Arab Emirates, unlicensed VoIP services are blocked. VoIP technology used by various apps such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Viber and Snapchat are inoperative. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) blocked Skype in January 2018, explaining that the service is not licensed. UAE-based telecom operators offer paid VoIP service through their applications BOTIM and C’Me. The block is attributed to the potential loss of revenues that operators such as Du and Etisalat would face as a result of reduced demand for their own telecom services. The blocking of VoIP is a controversial topic in UAE, with many citizens asking for the block of the technology to be removed. However, by using a VPN to access UAE Skype, you will be able to easily gain full access to UAE Skype.

### Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia censors a wide range of media, including books, newspapers, magazines, films, television, and Internet content. The Saudi government closely monitors and restricts the media in accordance with official state law. Many Internet activities such as websites and VoIP (WhatsApp calling, Skype etc.) are strictly restricted in Saudi Arabia.
# The Bulwark (novel)

The Bulwark is a novel by Theodore Dreiser, published posthumously in 1946.

## Plot summary

Hannah and Rufus Barnes, both Quakers, move out of Maine to Trenton, New Jersey, where Hannah's widowed sister lives. Their son Solon, the protagonist, meets Benecia Wallin; although she is affluent and he is not, they get married. Solon works in a bank in Philadelphia, where his Quaker values are contrary to financial ethos. He summons a bank examiner from Washington DC to stop the corrupt practices of some chief executives. Eventually, he resigns.
Meanwhile, two of his offspring, Etta and Stewart, repudiate their Quaker upbringing. While Orville gets married and Isobel works in a college, Etta moves to Wisconsin and then Greenwich Village under the influence of one of her friends, Volida La Porte. She has an affair with a painter, until he decides to go West to further his career. Moreover, Stewart accidentally kills one of his dates and commits suicide shortly after. Eventually, Benecia dies upon Etta's return; Solon dies of cancer as Etta watches over him.

## Allusions to actual history

* Quaker figures by George Fox and John Woolman, with his Journals, are mentioned.
* Financiers such as Nicholas Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel I, George Dunton Widener, the Vanderbilt family, Jay Gould, J. P. Morgan, and John D. Rockefeller are mentioned.

## Allusions to other works

* The Quaker Book of Discipline and the Bible are mentioned.
* Mrs Tennet tells Orville about Fairy Berulyne. Later, Volida lends Etta a copy of The Lady of the Camellias by Alexandre Dumas, fils. Later, Etta also reads La Cousine Bette by Balzac, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and Alphonse Daudet's Sappho.
* Jack and the Beanstalk, Charles Perrault's Bluebeard, and Sinbad the Sailor are also mentioned.

## Literary significance and criticism

* Theodore Dreiser started working on this novel as early as 1914. It was published posthumously, one year after Dreiser's death.
* Dreiser read John Woolman's Journals in 1939. It has been suggested that Dreiser's reading of Thoreau in 1938 influenced some passages.
* The novel has been described as an allegory, where Solon is the figure of a saint. Moreover, it has been suggested that Solon Barnes was informed by Theodore Dreiser's own father, John Paul Dreiser.
# Hermann Strutz

Hermann Strutz (born 2 December 1938) is an Austrian speed skater. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics, the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Hang Tau Tsuen, North District

Hang Tau Tsuen or Hang Tau Village (Chinese: 坑頭村) is a village in Sheung Shui, North District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Hang Tau is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. Hang Tau Tsuen is one of the villages represented within the Sheung Shui District Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Hang Tau Tsuen is part of the Sheung Shui Rural constituency, which is currently represented by Simon Hau Fuk-tat.
# Kamu language

The Kamu language, or Gamor, was an indigenous Australian language spoken in Northern Territory, Australia. There were two speakers in 1975.
# Kamnan

A kamnan (Thai: กำนัน) is a Thai governing official at the tambon (subdistrict) level. Its official English translation is "subdistrict headman".
The position of a kamnan was introduced with the Thesaphiban administrative reforms near the end of the 19th century, first enacted in 1892. The kamnan would be chosen from among the village elders (phu yai ban) of the villages that make up the tambon. Originally, it was a lifetime post, but now is for a fixed term. The kamnan's main task was to implement the policies of the higher administrative levels, and he was the main point of government contact for the people of the tambon.
With the Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Authority Act BE 2537 (1994), the tambon assumed a role in local policy making. Under the 1997 constitution, Tambon Administrative Organizations (TAO) were created as new local administrative units. The lifetime appointment also was replaced by a five-year term of office.
# Archbishop McGrath Catholic High School

Archbishop McGrath Catholic High School is a secondary school located in Brackla, Bridgend. The school has a reputation of having highly talented musicians and in 2011 achieved grades far above the national average. 50% of students stay on to study As-Levels in the sixth form. In Archbishop McGraths Key stage 4 and 5.

## Original school

Originally built in the 1960s, Archbishop McGrath was located next to Ynysawdre Comprehensive School, Ynysawdre, Bridgend. In 2009, arsonists burnt down the Technology Department and heavily damaged the sports hall. The local council and the Archdiocese of Cardiff paid to have replacement portable buildings installed, which allowed teaching to continue whilst the Technology Department was torn down and the sports hall repaired. As the fire happened in autumn outside of school time, nobody was injured and examinations were not disturbed. Other minor structural problems were prevalent throughout the school, and it was eventually demolished outright by early 2012.

## New school

Following the fire, plans were made to build a new school designed by HLM architects at a site in Brackla, Bridgend just past the 'triangle' shopping area. The contract went to the Leadbitter Group Ltd and construction began in early 2010. Construction was completed by October 2011 but the school was in use by September that year. The new school has won multiple architecture awards and won the Gold Medal for Architecture at the National Eisteddfod of Wales of 2012.
# Kan Tau Tsuen

Kan Tau Tsuen (Chinese: 簡頭村) is a village of Hong Kong, located in Fanling, North District.

## Administration

Kan Tau Tsuen is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the villages represented within the Fanling District Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Kan Tau Tsuen is part of the Queen's Hill constituency, which is currently represented by Law Ting-tak.
# Chatham Waterfront bus station

Chatham Waterfront bus station serves the area of Medway, South East England. The bus station opened in October 2011, replacing the town's previous Pentagon bus station which was built in the 1970s and was considered an unwelcoming environment for passengers.
The bus station is part of the town's regeneration scheme. Medway Council demolished the John Hawkins flyover in Chatham town centre to make room for the bus station.
The main operators at the bus station are Arriva Southern Counties and Nu-Venture.
The bus station has 19 stands on four platforms. Bus services run from the bus station around the Medway area and to parts of Kent. The bus station has public toilets. The travel centre closed in 2020.
The bus station has been criticised for its open design and waterfront location as compared to the previous enclosed Pentagon bus station.

## Incidents

In May 2014, a bus driver collapsed at the wheel in to a traffic island on the junction of Railway Street near the station. The driver was taken to Medway Maritime Hospital.
In April 2014, a bus had crashed in to a grass verge of The Paddock. Two passengers were taken to Medway Maritime Hospital.
# Flag of Nauru

Following the independence of Nauru, the flag of Nauru (Nauruan: anidenin Naoero) was raised for the first time. The flag, chosen in a local design competition, was adopted on independence day, 31 January 1968. The design symbolically depicts Nauru's geographical position, with a star just south of the Equator.

## Proportions and symbolism

The flag reflects the geographical location of the island nation.
The narrow gold stripe with a width of 1⁄12 of the length of the flag represents the Equator. The stripe along with the star signifies the location of the island in the Pacific Ocean one degree south of the Equator. The separation of the blue flag cloth into two equal parts recalls the saga, that the first inhabitants were to have been brought to Earth from two boulders.
Nauru itself is symbolised by a white 12-pointed star. The twelve points on the star represent the island's twelve original tribes. The following twelve tribes are:
* Deiboe
* Eamwidara
* Eamwit
* Eamwitmwit
* Eano
* Eaoru
* Emangum
* Emea
* Irutsi
* Iruwa
* Iwi
* Ranibok
The blue signifies the Pacific Ocean, while the white colour of the star represents phosphate, a former major natural resource of the country.

## Construction Sheet

* Flag construction sheet

## Creation and adoption

The flag was created by a resident employed by the Australian flag manufacturer Evans. It was officially adopted on 31 January 1968. Unlike some flags of Pacific nations (e.g., that of Tuvalu), Nauru's flag has evoked little controversy.

## Other flags of Nauru

| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
| | 1969–present | Flag of the Nauru Pacific Line | a blue field with a large white twelve-pointed star in the centre with an anchor inside the star. |
| | 1924 | Proposed flag for Nauru | a white field with a blue field with 15 five-pointed stars in the canton. |

## Historical flags of Nauru

| Date | Use | Description |
| 1888–1914 | When Germany took control of the island in 1888, it was administered under German New Guinea, with the flag of the German New Guinea Company being flown in the island. | A white field with the German tricolour on the canton and defaced with a black lion with a red fleur-de-lys. |
| 1919–1948 | When Nauru was still under the trustee mandate of Australia and the United Kingdom, the Union Jack was flown in the island. | A superimposition of the flags of England and Scotland with the Saint Patrick's Saltire (Representing Ireland). |
| 1942–1945 | Flag of Nauru under the occupation of the Empire of Japan during World War II. | A white field with a red disc in the centre. |
| 1948–1968 | Flag of Nauru used during Trusteeship with Australia and the United Kingdom. | A Blue Ensign defaced with the seven-point Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter and the five stars of the Southern Cross in the fly half. |
| 1968–present | Current flag of Nauru adopted on 31 January 1968 following its independence from the trusteeship. | A blue field with the thin yellow narrow horizontal stripe across in the centre and the large white twelve-pointed star on the bottom of the stripe and near the hoist-side. |
# Rancho Corral de Tierra (Vasquez)

Rancho Corral de Tierra was a 4,436-acre (17.95 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day coastal western San Mateo County, northern California.
It was given in 1839 by Governor Pro-Tem Manuel Jimeno to José Tiburcio Vásquez. The name means “earthen corral” in Spanish. Jimeno granted Vasquez the smaller southern part of Rancho Corral de Tierra and the larger northern Rancho Corral de Tierra (Palomares) part to Francisco Guerrero y Palomares.
The dividing line between the two grants was the Arroyo de en Medio just south of El Granada. The Vasquez portion extended along the Pacific coast south from El Granada to Pilarcitos Creek, and encompassed what is now the northern section of the city of Half Moon Bay.

## History

José Tiburcio Vásquez (1795–1862), son of Jose Tiburcio Vásquez and Maria Antonia Bojorquez was born in the Pueblo of San José in Alta California. He served as a soldier at San Francisco Presidio and was administrator and major domo of Mission Dolores in Yerba Buena (present day San Francisco). His brother, José Felipe Vásquez, was the grantee of Rancho Chamisal. The bandit Tiburcio Vásquez was a nephew. He married Maria Alvina Hernandez (1796–) in 1822.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Corral de Tierra was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1853, and the grant was patented to Tiburcio Vasquez in 1873.
In 1862, Vásquez was shot while sitting in a saloon, and his killer never apprehended. Guerrero was murdered in San Francisco in 1851, and the two killings may have been related. Guerrero was scheduled to be a witness in the Santillan land fraud case, which Vasquez also served as a witness. A land grant of three square leagues at the Mission Dolores, was said to have been made in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico to Prudencio Santillan, a priest at the Mission. The Land Commission and the United States District Court confirmed the grant. But on appeal to the US Supreme Court in 1860, the Santillan grant was pronounced a fraud and rejected.