# Bay County, Florida

Bay County is a county on the Emerald Coast in Northwest Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 175,216. Its county seat is Panama City. Bay County is included in the Panama City, Florida metropolitan area.

## History

On February 12, 1913, representatives from five towns on St. Andrews Bay met in Panama City to select a name for a proposed new county. The name Bay was selected because it was satisfactory to the majority of the citizens and descriptive of the territory that would be included. On July 1, 1913, the Legislature created Bay County from portions of Washington, Calhoun and Walton counties.
Panama City was where Gideon v. Wainwright, a 1963 US Supreme Court decision that gave all persons accused of a crime the right to an attorney paid for by the government, originated.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,467 square miles (3,800 km$^2$), of which 759 square miles (1,970 km$^2$) is land and 708 square miles (1,830 km$^2$) is water.
Bay County is included in the Panama City, Florida metropolitan area along with Washington County.

### Adjacent counties

* Washington County - north
* Jackson County - northeast
* Calhoun County - east
* Gulf County - southeast
* Walton County - west

### National protected area

* Apalachicola National Forest (part)

## Demographics

Bay County racial composition as of 2020 (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White (NH) | 133,790 | 128,348 | 79.24% | 73.25% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 17,844 | 17,549 | 10.57% | 10.02% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 1,033 | 795 | 0.61% | 0.45% |
| Asian (NH) | 3,298 | 4,068 | 1.95% | 2.32% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 140 | 194 | 0.08% | 0.11% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 223 | 720 | 0.13% | 0.41% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 4,417 | 9,696 | 2.62% | 5.53% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 8,107 | 13,846 | 4.8% | 7.9% |
| Total | 168,852 | 175,216 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 175,216 people, 73,536 households, and 47,432 families residing in the county.
As of the census of 2000, there were 148,217 people, 59,597 households, and 40,466 families residing in the county. The population density was 194 people per square mile (75 people/km$^2$). There were 78,435 housing units at an average density of 103 per square mile (40/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 84.17% White, 10.64% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 1.73% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. 2.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 59,597 households, out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.00% were married couples living together, 12.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were non-families. 26.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 30.20% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 98.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,092, and the median income for a family was $42,729. Males had a median income of $30,116 versus $21,676 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,700. About 9.80% of families and 13.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.30% of those under age 18 and 11.00% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### Board of Commissioners

5 members, elected from districts (zero Democrats, five Republicans)
| District | Commissioner | Party | Positions |
| 1 | Tommy Hamm | Republican | Chair of the County Commission |
| 2 | Robert Carroll | Republican | |
| 3 | Bill Dozier | Republican | |
| 4 | Doug Moore | Republican | Vice Chair of the County Commission |
| 5 | Clair Pease | Republican | |

## Politics
### Voter registration

According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans are a majority of the registered voters in Bay County.
Bay County Voter Registration & Party Enrollment as of March 31, 2022 :
| Political Party | Political Party | Total Voters | Percentage |
| | Republican | 66,358 | 53.51% |
| | Democratic | 27,605 | 22.26% |
| | Independent | 27,524 | 22.20% |
| | Other Parties | 2,508 | 2.02% |
| Total | Total | 123,995 | 100% |

### Statewide elections

United States presidential election results for Bay County, Florida :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 71,497 | 72.84% | 25,201 | 25.67% | 1,459 | 1.49% |
| 2020 | 66,097 | 70.91% | 25,614 | 27.48% | 1,502 | 1.61% |
| 2016 | 62,194 | 70.50% | 21,797 | 24.71% | 4,231 | 4.80% |
| 2012 | 56,876 | 71.01% | 22,051 | 27.53% | 1,174 | 1.47% |
| 2008 | 56,683 | 69.66% | 23,653 | 29.07% | 1,030 | 1.27% |
| 2004 | 53,404 | 71.18% | 21,068 | 28.08% | 552 | 0.74% |
| 2000 | 38,682 | 65.70% | 18,873 | 32.06% | 1,321 | 2.24% |
| 1996 | 28,365 | 54.87% | 17,068 | 33.02% | 6,261 | 12.11% |
| 1992 | 22,842 | 49.99% | 12,846 | 28.12% | 10,001 | 21.89% |
| 1988 | 31,796 | 72.51% | 11,603 | 26.46% | 452 | 1.03% |
| 1984 | 29,356 | 75.77% | 9,384 | 24.22% | 4 | 0.01% |
| 1980 | 20,948 | 60.61% | 12,389 | 35.85% | 1,224 | 3.54% |
| 1976 | 14,208 | 48.19% | 14,858 | 50.39% | 418 | 1.42% |
| 1972 | 20,245 | 83.80% | 3,914 | 16.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 5,121 | 21.07% | 4,020 | 16.54% | 15,161 | 62.39% |
| 1964 | 12,849 | 62.09% | 7,846 | 37.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 5,435 | 33.94% | 10,579 | 66.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 4,971 | 36.51% | 8,645 | 63.49% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 4,812 | 35.38% | 8,789 | 64.62% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 928 | 12.69% | 5,168 | 70.68% | 1,216 | 16.63% |
| 1944 | 1,126 | 15.13% | 6,317 | 84.87% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 684 | 11.72% | 5,153 | 88.28% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 541 | 14.45% | 3,202 | 85.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 429 | 13.75% | 2,692 | 86.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1928 | 974 | 44.27% | 1,190 | 54.09% | 36 | 1.64% |
| 1924 | 318 | 25.48% | 838 | 67.15% | 92 | 7.37% |
| 1920 | 551 | 36.98% | 818 | 54.90% | 121 | 8.12% |
| 1916 | 279 | 23.64% | 725 | 61.44% | 176 | 14.92% |
Previous gubernatorial elections results :
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
| 2022 | 78.38% 52,590 | 21.00% 14,091 | 0.61% 412 |
| 2018 | 72.17% 45,709 | 26.46% 16,757 | 1.37% 865 |
| 2014 | 71.79% 40,956 | 22.77% 12,990 | 5.44% 3,104 |
| 2010 | 66.39% 36,512 | 28.53% 15,689 | 5.08% 2,796 |
| 2006 | 65.26% 31,382 | 30.78% 14,802 | 3.96% 1,907 |
| 2002 | 70.02% 34,107 | 29.27% 14,258 | 0.71% 344 |
| 1998 | 69.01% 26,759 | 30.99% 12,017 | 0.00% 2 |
| 1994 | 56.87% 23,498 | 43.12% 17,816 | 0.01% 2 |

## Education

Bay District Schools operates public schools serving all portions of the county except Mexico Beach, which is served by Gulf County Schools.

### Schools in Bay County
#### Pre-K – 12 schools

Deane Bozeman School
North Bay Haven Charter Academy
Palm Bay Preparatory Academy
Rising Leaders Academy

#### PreK-8 Schools

Breakfast Point Academy
Bay Haven Charter Academy
University Academy

#### High schools
##### Zoned

J. R. Arnold High School (Panama City Beach)
Bay High School (Panama City)
A. Crawford Mosley High School (Lynn Haven)
Rutherford High School (Springfield)

##### Optional

A.D. Harris High School (Panama City)
Haney Technical High School (Panama City)
New Horizons Learning Center (Lynn Haven)
Rosenwald High School (Panama City)

#### Middle schools

Jinks Middle School
Merritt Brown Middle School
Mowat Middle School
Surfside Middle School (Panama City Beach)

#### Elementary schools

Callaway Elementary School
Cedar Grove Elementary School
Deer Point Elementary School
Hiland Park Elementary School
Hutchison Beach Elementary School (Panama City Beach)
Lucille Moore Elementary School
Lynn Haven Elementary School
M. Cherry Street Elementary School
Millville Elementary School
Northside Elementary School
Oakland Terrace Elementary School
Parker Elementary School
Patronis Elementary School (Panama City Beach)
Patterson Elementary School
Southport Elementary School
St. Andrew Elementary School
Tommy Smith Elementary School
Tyndall Elementary School
Waller Elementary School
West Bay Elementary School

## Public transportation
### Major highways

Bay County does not have any interstate connections; the nearest connection is with I-10 at US-231 near Cottondale.
* US 98
* US 231
* SR 20
* SR 22
* SR 30
* SR 30A
* SR 77
* SR 79
* SR 368
* SR 388
* SR 389
* SR 390
* SR 391

### Airports

The Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport opened for commercial flights in 2010. It connects the region to several major airports in the South and Midwest.

### Public surface transportation

The county operates the Bayway (formerly Bay Town Trolley), which runs several routes in and around Panama City. The county also have a greyhound in Panama City.

## Library

Bay County is part of the Northwest Regional Library System (NWRLS), which also serves Gulf and Liberty Counties. The Bay County Public Library is the headquarters library for the system. The Bay County Board of Commissioners is the system's governing authority and single administrative unit.
Locations:
* Bay County Public Library
* Panama City Beach Public Library
* Parker Public Library
* Springfield Public Library
* Gulf County Public Library
* Charles Whitehead Public Library
* Harrell Memorial Library of Liberty County
* Jimmy Weaver Memorial Library
* Bay County Law Library (at the Bay County Public Library)

## Communities
### Cities

* Callaway
* Lynn Haven
* Mexico Beach
* Panama City
* Panama City Beach
* Parker
* Springfield

### Census-designated places

* Cedar Grove
* Laguna Beach
* Lower Grand Lagoon
* Pretty Bayou
* Tyndall AFB
* Upper Grand Lagoon

### Unincorporated communities

* Bayou George
* Cedar Grove
* Fountain
* Glenwood
* Millville
* Sand Hills
* Santa Monica
* Southport
* Sunnyside
* Vicksburg
* Youngstown

### Former Census-designated places

* Hiland Park