OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bleddfa Castle

Bleddfa Castle (sometimes referred to as Bledeach or Bledvach Castle) was a motte and bailey structure near Llangunllo in modern-day Powys, Wales. It is believed to have been built before 1195 and abandoned by 1304. What remains today is described as a "mutilated oval mound" of 46 by 36 metres (151 ft × 118 ft), containing some traces of masonry. It is surrounded by a rectangular bailey measuring 100 by 60 metres (330 ft × 200 ft), with a hedge on its northern border.

## Location

The ruins of castle are located along the A488 road, near Llangunllo in the northern direction of the Radnor Forest. Bleddfa means “abode of the wolves”, as in the past, during the period of the Tudors, wolves inhabited the area. The last Welsh wolf is said to have been hunted down at Cregina, which is between Builth and Glascwm.

## History

The first record of Bleddfa appears in 1195, when Hugh de Say received from King Richard I licence to fortify the castle and a square tower; Hugh had been killed in the battle of Radnor in later part of 1195 itself. In 1262 the castle was captured and razed by Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, who snatched it from the control of the Mortimers. In 1304, Edward I began using material from the castle to erect church tower nearby, which was itself destroyed by the Welsh in 1403.

## Features

There is a moat of 9.1 metres (30 ft) depth, which is mostly in a ruined state. The masonry remnant in the mound is believed to have been a square tower. It has an inscription dated 1195, recording a grant for its renovation. Also noted near the bailey are remnants of two towers, which were defended by an artificial lake on the western and southern sides.
# Arnulf Rainer

Arnulf Rainer (born 8 December 1929) is an Austrian painter noted for his abstract informal art.
Rainer was born in Baden, Austria. During his early years, Rainer was influenced by Surrealism. In 1950, he founded the Hundsgruppe (dog group) together with Ernst Fuchs, Arik Brauer, and Josef Mikl. After 1954, Rainer's style evolved towards Destruction of Forms, with blackenings, overpaintings, and maskings of illustrations and photographs dominating his later work. He was close to the Vienna Actionism, featuring body art and painting under the influence of drugs. He painted extensively on the subject of Hiroshima such as it relates to the nuclear bombing of the Japanese city and the inherent political and physical fallout.
In 1978, he received the Grand Austrian State Prize. In the same year, and in 1980, he became the Austrian representative at the Venice Biennale. From 1981 to 1995, Rainer held a professorship at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna - the same place where he aborted his own studies after three days, unsatisfied.
His works are shown in the Museum of Modern Art, the Arnulf Rainer Museum in Baden Austria and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. As the culmination of the appraisal of his work, the Arnulf Rainer Museum opened in New York City in 1993. His works have also continuously been shown at the European Cultural Centre's palazzos in Venice during the Biennale since 2011. In the same year, he published the work Unfinished into Death (ISBN 9789490784072) with the same organisation.
# Russia women's national beach handball team

The Russia women's national beach handball team is the national team of Russia. It is governed by the Handball Union of Russia and takes part in international beach handball competitions.
In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Handball Federation banned Russian and Belarus athletes and officials, and the European Handball Federation suspended the national teams of Russia and Belarus as well as Russian and Belarusian clubs competing in European handball competitions. Referees, officials, and commission members from Russia and Belarus will not be called upon for future activities. And new organisers will be sought for the YAC 16 EHF Beach Handball EURO and the Qualifier Tournaments for the Beach Handball EURO 2023, which were to be held in Moscow. In addition, it refused to allow competitions to be held in Russia. The Russian Handball Federation failed in its appeal against the decision to exclude Russia's teams from continental competition, which was rejected by the European Handball Federation Court of Handball.

## World Championships results

* 2004 – 1st place
* 2006 – 3rd place
* 2008 – 5th place
* 2018 – 7th place
# Swedish Transport Administration

The Swedish Transport Administration (Swedish: Trafikverket) is a government agency in Sweden, controlled by the Riksdag and the Government of Sweden. It is responsible for long-term infrastructure planning for transport: road, rail, shipping and aviation. It owns, constructs, operates and maintains all state-owned roads and railways and operates many car ferry services.
The agency is a member of the Nordic Road Association. For shipping and aviation, it only does planning and purchasing unprofitable traffic. Trafikverket does not do practical physical work to construct or maintain roads or railways, because that is done by separate companies which Trafikverket write contracts with and pay.

## History

A special committee oversaw the effectiveness of the Swedish transport agencies during 2008 and 2009. A conclusion was reached that there would be significant gains compared with the then-present situation if a new agency responsible for long-term planning of the transport system for road, rail, maritime and air traffic was formed. Preparations started in the autumn of 2009, and the new authority began its work on 1 April 2010.
It took over all operations of the Vägverket [road administration] and Banverket [rail administration], as well as parts of the Swedish Maritime Administration, Civil Aviation Administration and the Swedish Institute for Communications Analysis, except that some practical operations were transferred to new commercial companies. These companies do road and railway building and maintenance, airport operations etc.

### Companies separated from predecessors of Swedish Transport Administration

* Svevia, road construction and maintenance
* Infranord, railway construction and maintenance
* SJ AB, passenger train operator.
* Green Cargo, freight train operator.
* Euromaint, train maintenance, sold to a private owner.
* Jernhusen, owns railway related buildings, mainly railway stations.
* Swedavia, owns major profitable airports (smaller unprofitable airports are normally owned by municipalities and regions)

### Other agencies within the transport sector

Many activities have historically been performed by national business agencies such as SJ, Banverket and Swedish Road Administration. These agency activities has been taken over by the Swedish Transport Administration or by these agencies, if they weren't given to companies.
* Swedish Maritime Administration, maintains and regulates ship routes.
* Civil Aviation Administration, handles air traffic control and navigation infrastructure
* Swedish Transport Agency (Transportstyrelsen), a different Swedish government agency which handles legal regulation and control over transport operation.
# Thundercat (snowmobile)

Thundercat is the name of a series of snowmobiles produced by Arctic Cat from 1993 - 2002, and subsequently from 2017 to present. When used, Thundercat denotes the most powerful model of snowmobile in Arctic Cats Line-up.

## Thundercat 900 (1993-1997)

The Thundercat series was introduced in 1993, as Arctic Cats entry into the Musclesled category. These sleds feature extremely powerful engines placed in chassis derived from racing models. The first-gen featured a Suzuki-produced, counterbalanced case-reed triple cylinder 2-stoke 900cc engine, which produced 161.5 horsepower. The engines came stock with triple tuned pipes, 38mm VM Roundslide Mikuni Carburetors and forged pistons. This shared similarities with smaller displacement contemporaries, the Arctic Cat ZRT 800, Polaris XCR 800, and the Skidoo Mach Z 800. The sled also featured a Wilwood hydraulic Disc brake. Attaining a confirmed trap speed of 113mph while ridden by Jim Dimmerman, the 1993 sled set a then-current world speed record. These initial models were built on the AWS3 chassis, which had been introduced by Arctic Cat for select 1992 models. In 1996, the 900 was upgraded to the AWS4 chassis.

## Thundercat 1000 (1998-2002)

In 1998, in an effort to maintain dominance in the Musclesled category, the Thundercat displacement was increased to the 999cc. They continued to use a Suzuki-produced, counterbalanced case-reed triple cylinder engine, but now had an output of 172hp. The machine was also notable for using many weight-cutting measures, such as plastic skis, aluminum spindles, and aluminum-stamped rails. These measures made the sled lighter than many other manufacturers 800cc-class snowmobiles of the same year. In 1999, the model was revamped with the AWS5 chassis. In 2000, the carburetors were changed to TM Flatslides & 3-D ignition , TPS controlled timing curve. In 2002, reverse and Electric start were added.
As of 2016, when the NSSR last posted updated speed records, the 1998 Thundercat had held the stock 1000cc speed record for 18 years, with Paddy Olsen riding one to 120.893MPH

## ZR 9000 Thundercat (2017-present)

Announced in 2016, Arctic Cat reintroduced the Thundercat nameplate on their most powerful snowmobile of the 2017 line-up, after a 15 year gap. This iteration features a Yamaha-produced 998cc 4-stroke, DOHC engine with Turbo-charger, capable of excess of 200hp. The machine features the auto-tensioning Team Rapid Response II Drive clutch, a digital dash and Fox Zero QS3 shock absorbers. In a 2017 Review, Denis Lavoie praised the smooth power delivery, lighting and trail-manners of the Thundercat, while criticizing the reverse gear operation and handlebar mounted display-dial placement.

## Other use of the Thundercat Moniker

Arctic Cat utilized the Thundercat name within their ATV line, to denote the largest displacement models from 2007 until 2010.
# Priklausovirales

Priklausovirales is an order of viruses.

## Taxonomy

The order contains four families that are monotypic down to the rank of species, i.e. each family contains only one species:
* Family: Burtonviroviridae
** Genus: Burquivirus
*** Species: Burquivirus flavolapense
* Family: Dishuiviroviridae
** Genus: Essdubovirus
*** Species: Essdubovirus chlorellae
* Family: Gulliviroviridae
** Genus: Invirovirus
*** Species: Invirovirus crochense
* Family: Omnilimnoviroviridae
** Genus: Panaquavirovirus
*** Species: Panaquavirovirus qinghaense
# William W. Cocks

William Willets Cocks (July 24, 1861 – May 24, 1932) was an American politician who served three terms from New York from 1905 to 1911.

## Life

Born in Old Westbury, Long Island, he attended private schools and Swarthmore College. He engaged in agricultural pursuits.
He was elected Commissioner of Highways of the Town of North Hempstead in 1894, and was re-elected in 1896 and again in 1898. He was a member of the New York State Senate (2nd D.) in 1901 and 1902; a member of the New York State Assembly (Queens and Nassau Co.) in 1904; and a delegate to the 1908 Republican National Convention.
Cocks was elected as a Republican to the 59th, 60th and 61st United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1911.
William Cocks was a member of the board of managers of Swarthmore College and was president of the Friends Academy in Locust Valley. He was vice president of the Roslyn Savings Bank and a director of the Bank of Westbury and the Bank of Hicksville. Cocks was President of the Village of Old Westbury from its incorporation in 1924 until his death there in 1932; interment was in Friends Cemetery, Westbury.
His son, William Burling "Burley" Cocks (1915–1998) was a U.S. Hall of Fame trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses.
Congressman Frederick Cocks Hicks was a brother to William W. Cocks.
# Ram Air Freight

Ram Air Freight was a cargo airline based in Morrisville, North Carolina, United States. It specialized in prompt freight transportation. The airline had its main base at the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. It ceased operations on March 2, 2012.

## History

Ram Air Freight was established in 1982 with a fleet of Grumman Cheetah. It ceased operations on March 2, 2012.

## Destinations

The airline had flights to 37 destinations across the Mid-Atlantic and South United States.

### Alabama

* Birmingham (Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport)
* Mobile (Mobile Downtown Airport)

### Florida

* Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport)
* Fort Myers (Fort Myers-Page Field Airport)
* Jacksonville (Jacksonville-Craig Airport)
* Orlando (Orlando-Executive Airport)
* Sarasota (Sarasota International Airport)
* Jacksonville (Tampa International Airport)

### Georgia

* Atlanta (DeKalb-Peachtree Airport)
* Atlanta (Fulton County Airport)
* Gainesville (Lee Gilmer Memorial Airport)
* Macon (Middle Georgia Regional Airport)
* Savannah (Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport)

### Kentucky

* Lexington (Blue Grass Airport)
* Louisville (Bowman Field)

### Maryland

* Baltimore (Martin State Airport)

### North Carolina

* Asheville (Asheville Regional Airport)
* Charlotte (Charlotte/Douglas International Airport)
* Concord (Concord Regional Airport)
* Elizabeth City (Elizabeth City Regional Airport)
* Fayetteville (Fayetteville Regional Airport)
* Greenville (Pitt-Greenville Airport)
* Hatteras (Billy Mitchell Airport)
* Jacksonville (Albert J. Ellis Airport)
* Kinston (Kinston Regional Jetport)
* Lumberton (Lumberton Municipal Airport)
* Manteo (Dare County Regional Airport)
* New Bern (Coastal Carolina Regional Airport)
* Raleigh (Raleigh-Durham International Airport) Main Base
* Rocky Mount (Rocky Mount-Wilson Regional Airport)
* Southern Pines (Moore County Airport)
* Wilmington (Wilmington International Airport)

### South Carolina

* Beaufort (Beaufort County Airport)
* Columbia (Columbia Metropolitan Airport)
* Hilton Head (Hilton Head Airport)
* Myrtle Beach (Myrtle Beach International Airport)

### Virginia

* Abingdon (Virginia Highlands Airport)
* Newport News (Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport)
* Norfolk (Norfolk International Airport)
* Richmond (Hanover County Municipal Airport)
* Richmond (Richmond International Airport)
* Roanoke (Roanoke Regional Airport)

### West Virginia

* Charleston (Yeager Airport)

## Fleet

Ram Air Freight operated about 30 aircraft of four types:
* Piper PA-34 Seneca
* Piper PA-32R
* Cessna 402
* Beechcraft Baron
# Cyanella orchidiformis

Cyanella orchidiformis is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Cyanella. The plant is endemic to the Northern Cape and the Western Cape. It occurs from Steinkopf to Citrusdal. The plant blooms from July to September.
# Verwantschapslanden

Verwantschapslanden (Dutch pronunciation:; English: Kindred Countries) is an umbrella term used by some cultural institutions to refer to countries that were once, either fully or partly, Dutch colonial possessions. Besides the Netherlands itself, the countries that are usually included are: Aruba, Curaçao, Indonesia, Sint Maarten, South Africa, and Suriname. Additionally, under some definitions, this list can also be expanded to include Brazil, Ghana, Guyana, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Sri Lanka, and the United States.

## Member states

* Indonesia
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
# Ernest Geoffrey Cullwick

Ernest Geoffrey Cullwick FRSE OBE (24 May 1903 – 13 May 1981) was a British pioneer of electromagnetism in relation to its effects upon atomic particles. He served as Director of Electrical Engineering for the Royal Canadian Navy and Director of the Electrical Research Division of the Defense Research Board of Canada.
He is noted as a critic of the Special Theory of Relativity. He was also an amateur bookbinder of great skill.

## Life

He was born at 14 Snow Hill in Wolverhampton in 1903, the youngest son of Herbert Ernest Cullwick (1859–1945) and his wife, Edith Ada Ascough. In 1905 his father is noted as Director of Cullwicks Ltd, a company going into liquidation. Ernest attended Wolverhampton Grammar School. He won a place to Downing College, Cambridge graduating BA in 1925 and won a Foundation Scholarship leading to an MA in 1929. He then studied as a postgraduate at St Andrews University where he obtained a DSc. He then moved to Canada working as an assistant professor at the University of British Columbia.
In 1937, he was made Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Alberta. Whilst officially holding this role until 1947 the post was disrupted by the Second World War, during which he served as a Technical Director for both the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Navy. In 1947 he transferred to be Director of the Electrical Research Division of the Defense Research Board of Canada, based in Ottawa.
He was awarded the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946 for his war service.
In 1949, he returned to Britain to take on the role of Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of St Andrews where he also became Dean of the Faculty of Science. In 1967 he transferred to the linked Dundee University which shared facilities with St Andrews. In 1950, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were George Dawson Preston, Edward Thomas Copson, John F. Allen, and John Meadows Jackson.
He retired in 1973 and moved to Dover.
He died in Dover in Kent in 1981.

## Publications

* Fundamentals of Electromagnetism (1939)
* Electromagnetism and Relativity (1957)
* The Clock Paradox (1963)
* Electromagnetic Momentum and Newton’s Third Law

## Family

He married Mamie Ruttan Boucher in 1929. They had one son and one daughter.
# Clyde Ehrhardt

Clyde Walter Ehrhardt (July 4, 1921 – February 5, 1963) was an American football center in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Georgia and was selected in the 19th round of the 1944 NFL draft. He served as the head football coach at Presbyterian College in 1962.

## Early life

Ehrhardt was born in Bardwell, Kentucky, and was the son of a Baptist minister who served pastorates in Kentucky and Tennessee. He attended Morgan Prep School in Petersburg, Tennessee.

## College career

Ehrhardt attended and played college football at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. While at Georgia, he was part of the team that won the 1942 Orange Bowl, which was Georgia's first bowl appearance and first win. The following year, they won the 1943 Rose Bowl. Ehrhardt graduated from Georgia in 1943 and earned a master's degree from Peabody College in 1954.

## Military career

After graduating from college, Ehrhardt served in the United States Army as a company commander in Europe during World War II, during which he earned high decorations for valor and was twice seriously wounded. He then served on the staff of the Eighth United States Army during the Korean War as an intelligence officer.

## Professional football career
### Player

Ehrhardt was selected in the 19th round of the 1944 NFL draft by the Washington Redskins, where he played in 1946, 1948 and 1949. In 34 games, he had three interceptions and three fumble recoveries.

### Coach

After retiring from playing football, Ehrhardt became a football coach at Decatur High School in Decatur, Georgia, where he also taught math, physical education, and was the assistant principal. He became an assistant head coach in 1957 at Presbyterian College under head coach Frank Jones. In 1962, he succeeded Jones as head coach.

## Death

Ehrhardt died on February 5, 1963, from an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound while on a hunting trip.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Presbyterian Blue Hose (South Carolina Little Three) (1962) ||||||
| 1962 | Presbyterian | 1–9 | 1–1 | T–1st |
| Presbyterian: | Presbyterian: | 1–9 | 1–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 1–9 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# 1992 Summer Olympics torch relay

The 1992 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from 5 June until 25 July, prior to the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The route covered 5,940 kilometres (3,690 mi) and involved 9,484 torchbearers (8,885 on foot and 599 on bicycle).
On 5 June, the Olympic fire was lit in Olympia and carried by relay to Athens. On June 9, in the port of Piraeus, it was embarked on the Spanish Navy frigate Cataluña. On 13 June, it arrived in Empúries, where it began its thirty-eight day journey all around Spain passing through 652 towns. In addition to on foot, the torch was carried by bicycle, plane, ship and hydrofoil. On 25 July, Herminio Menéndez entered the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc with the torch at the opening ceremony, he gave the last relief to Juan Antonio San Epifanio who lit an arrow that Antonio Rebollo shot to the cauldron, igniting the flame.

## Route

| Date | Map |
| June 5: Olympia June 7: Athens | OlympiaAthens |
| June 13 (day 1): Empúries June 14 (day 2): Girona June 20 (day 3): Lleida | EmpúriesGironaLleida |
| June 21 (day 4): Zaragoza June 21 (day 4): Huesca June 22 (day 5): Jaca | ZaragozaHuescaJaca |
| June 23 (day 6): Pamplona | Pamplona |
| June 24 (day 7): Logroño | Logroño |
| June 25 (day 8): Vitoria-Gasteiz June 26 (day 9): Bilbao | Vitoria-GasteizBilbao |
| June 27 (day 10): Santander | Santander |
| June 27 (day 10): Gijón June 28 (day 11): Oviedo | GijónOviedo |
| June 29 (day 12): Lugo June 30 (day 13): La Coruña July 1 (day 14): Santiago de Compostela July 2 (day 15): Vigo July 3 (day 16): Ourense | LugoLa CoruñaSantiago de CompostelaVigoOurense |
| July 4 (day 17): Ponferrada July 5 (day 18): León July 6 (day 19): Valladolid July 7 (day 20): Segovia | PonferradaLeónValladolidSegovia |
| July 8 (day 21): Madrid | Madrid |
| July 9 (day 22): Toledo | Toledo |
| July 10 (day 23): Cáceres July 10 (day 23): Badajoz July 11 (day 24): Mérida | CáceresBadajozMérida |
| July 12 (day 25): Huelva July 13 (day 26): Seville | HuelvaSeville |
| July 14 (day 27): Santa Cruz de Tenerife July 14 (day 27): Las Palmas | Santa Cruz de TenerifeLas Palmas |
| July 15 (day 28): Málaga July 16 (day 29): Granada July 17 (day 30): Almería | MálagaGranadaAlmería |
| July 18 (day 31): Murcia | Murcia |
| July 19 (day 32): Alicante July 20 (day 33): Valencia July 20 (day 33): Castellón de la Plana | AlicanteValenciaCastellón de la Plana |
| July 21 (day 34): Tortosa July 22 (day 35): Tarragona | TortosaTarragona |
| July 23 (day 36): Palma de Majorca | Palma de Majorca |
| July 24 (day 37): Barcelona July 25 (day 38): Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc | BarcelonaEstadi Olímpic de Montjuïc |
# Miroslav Karas

Miroslav Karas (born 29 October 1964) is a Czech football coach and a former professional football player who played as a defender. In his native Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic he represented Vítkovice. During 1993–1995, he played in Finnish Veikkausliiga with Haka, helping the club to win the Finnish championship title in 1995. He also played in Slovakia for Senica.
After his playing career, he has also coached Vítkovice.

## Honours

Haka
* Veikkausliiga: 1995
# Safoora Town

Safoora Goth (Urdu: صفورہ گوٹھ) is a neighborhood in the Karachi East district of Karachi, Pakistan.
Safoora Goth or Safoora Chowk was previously administered as part of the Gulshan Town borough.

## History

In 2022, Karachi East District was divided into five towns namely Sohrab Goth Town, Safoora Town, Gulshan Town, Jinnah Town and Chanesar Town with 43 union councils and 172 wards respectively.