# Black Hills Central Railroad

The Black Hills Central Railroad is a heritage railroad that operates in Keystone, South Dakota, United States. The railroad was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003.
It currently operates the 1880 Train on the former Keystone Branch of the Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) between Hill City, South Dakota and Keystone, South Dakota. This railroad line was originally built by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) to serve mining and timber interests in the Black Hills. It reached Keystone on January 20, 1900 and was later used to haul equipment for carving nearby Mount Rushmore.
The Black Hills Central Railroad restores early twentieth century-era locomotives and train cars and has been featured on television shows such as the Gunsmoke episode "Snow Train", General Hospital and the TNT mini-series Into the West. It also appeared in the movie Orphan Train.
Trains operate between early May and early October over the scenic 10-mile (16 km) line.
The South Dakota State Railroad Museum is located adjacent to the Hill City depot, on BHCR land.

## History

In 1956 two steam enthusiasts, William Heckman and Robert Freer, promoted to “have in operation at least one working steam railroad, for boys of all ages who share America’s fondness for the rapidly vanishing steam locomotive.” They soon gathered financial, political and popular support for this venture adjacent to the tourist destination of Mount Rushmore. The intention was to have summer steam train operations with 1880-period equipment.

### Narrow Gauge

Heckman and Freer proposed a new three foot gauge heritage railroad, using the Keystone Branch, by laying a third rail on five miles of the standard gauge track. CB&Q was supportive, and the dual-gauge line was constructed from Hill City to a new terminus with a wye, to be named “Oblivion” about midway along the branch. The choice of narrow gauge was influenced by the availability, also from CB&Q, of a complete 1880s styled "Deadwood Central" trainset which had been assembled for the Chicago Railroad Fair of 1948–49. This consisted of:
* Colorado and Southern Number 9, a 2-6-0 built by Cooke Locomotive Works in 1882, originally as Denver, South Park and Pacific Number 72, which had been named Chief Crazy Horse for the Fair.
* Coaches, open observation cars and a railway post office car of 1880s style, but which had been built new by CB&Q.
Additionally, White Pass & Yukon Number 69, an outside-framed 2-8-0 built in 1908 was acquired, to be named Klondike Casey
The narrow gauge operation began in 1957 and ran successfully for several years until a decision was made to extend the operation to Keystone, which included a change to standard gauge. The third rail was removed in 1964 (although as of 2022, the abandoned Oblivion Wye rails remain in place), and the locos and rolling stock were eventually divested to other heritage railways: Number 69 went to the Nebraska Midland Railroad in 1973, and then home to the White Pass in 2001. Number 9 went to the Georgetown Loop in Colorado in 1988. As of 2020, Number 69 is operable but has been stored since 2013, and Number 9 is on static display at Breckinridge, Colorado, having suffered mechanical damage in 2006.

### Standard Gauge

BHCR gradually acquired its current range of locomotives and rolling stock, and continued operations over the full length of the branch until the 1972 Black Hills flood destroyed the last three miles of track into Keystone. Burlington Northern relocated and rebuilt two miles, to a new Keystone Junction a mile west of the town. During the rebuilding, the BHCR ran its trains out of Custer, 15 miles south of Hill City on BN’s Deadwood branch. In 1977 the Black Hills Central returned to the Keystone branch, and in 1981 acquired the trackage from BN, which withdrew freight services after its freight traffic had withered away. The last mile was continued into Keystone in 2001.
In 1986 Burlington Northern abandoned the Deadwood branch through Hill City, leaving the BHCR as an isolated railroad. (The entire former Deadwood line is now the George S. Mickelson Trail, a long distance rail trail.)

## Equipment
### Locomotives

Locomotive details :
| No. | Type | Builder | Built | Wheel arrangement | Status |
| 7 | Steam | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1919 | 2-6-2 | Display |
| 103 | Steam | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1922 | 2-6-2T | In storage, awaiting restoration |
| 104 | Steam | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1926 | 2-6-2T | Operational |
| 108 | Steam | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1926 | 2-6-6-2T | Operational |
| 110 | Steam | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1928 | 2-6-6-2T | Operational |
| 63 | EMD GP9 | General Motors Electro-Motive Division | 1956 | (B-B) | Operational |
| 6657 | GE 80-ton switcher | Geo D. Whitcomb Company | 1943 | (B-B) | Operational |

### Rolling Stock

Eight coaches are wood-bodied, arch-windowed former electric interurban cars built in 1912-13 for the Oregon Electric Railway, acquired in 1970. Two of these have been cut down to the belt rail to serve as open cars.
South of the Hill City depot, a small rail yard holds a variety of rolling stock, mostly early twentieth century, awaiting restoration.