# Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)

The Politburo, also known as the Polit Bureau or the Political Bureau, is the executive authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). Its members are elected by the Central Committee, which is in turn elected at the Party Congress, typically convened every three years.

## History

Throughout its history, the Politburo has experienced periods of dissent and factionalism, resulting in internal crackdowns and purges. For instance, E. M. S. Namboodiripad, a co-founder of CPI(M) and four-term general secretary, conducted a series of purges within the Politburo and the Central Committee, to combat supposed "bourgeois parliamentary mentality".

## Functions and composition
### Elections

The All-India Party Congress, typically convened every three years, serves as the supreme authority of the CPI(M). Between sessions of the Party Congress, the Central Committee functions as the highest decision-making body. The Central Committee elects a Politburo from among its members, including the General Secretary, who is the party's principal leader.

### Functions

The Politburo functions as the executive body responsible for carrying out the work of the Central Committee between its sessions. It has the authority to make political and organisational decisions in the period between two meetings of the Central Committee. Additionally, the Politburo oversees the Central Secretariat, which manages the party's day-to-day operations and assists in the implementation of decisions taken by the Central Committee.

## List of Party Congresses

List of Party Congresses held by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) :
| No. | Date | Location | Elected Secretary |
| 24th | 2 – 6 April 2025 | Madurai, Tamil Nadu | TBD |
| 23rd | 6 – 10 April 2022 | Kannur, Kerala | Sitaram Yechury |
| 22rd | 18 – 22 April 2018 | Hyderabad, Telangana | Sitaram Yechury |
| 21st | April 2015 | Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh | Sitaram Yechury |
| 20th | April 2012 | Calicut, Kerala | Prakash Karat |
| 19th | 29 March – 3 April 2008 | Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu | Prakash Karat |
| 18th | 6 – 11 April 2005 | New Delhi, Delhi | Prakash Karat |
| 17th | 19 – 24 March 2002 | Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh | Harkishan Singh Surjeet |
| 16th | 5 – 11 October 1998 | Calcutta, West Bengal | Harkishan Singh Surjeet |
| 15th | 3 – 8 April 1995 | Chandigarh, Punjab | Harkishan Singh Surjeet |
| 14th | 3 – 9 January 1992 | Madras, Tamil Nadu | Harkishan Singh Surjeet |
| 13th | 27 December 1988 - 1 January 1989 | Trivandrum, Kerala | E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| 12th | 25 – 29 December 1985 | Calcutta, West Bengal | E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| 11th | 26 – 31 January 1982 | Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh | E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| 10th | 2 – 8 April 1978 | Jalandar, Punjab | E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| 9th | 27 June – 2 July 1972 | Madurai, Tamil Nadu | Puchalapalli Sundarayya |
| 8th | 23 – 29 December 1968 | Cochin, Kerala | Puchalapalli Sundarayya |
| 7th | 31 October – 7 November 1964 | Calcutta, West Bengal | Puchalapalli Sundarayya |

## 23rd Politburo

23rd Party Congress Date: 6 – 10 April 2022 Venue: Kannur, Kerala
A 17-member Politburo was elected by the Central Committee with Sitaram Yechury as the General Secretary for the third consecutive time. Ram Chandra Dome became the first Dalit leader to be inducted into the Politburo, marking a historic milestone.
* Sitaram Yechury, General Secretary (died on 12 September 2024)
* Prakash Karat (Interim Coordinator from 29 September 2024)
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Brinda Karat
* Manik Sarkar
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan (died on 1 October 2022)
* M. A. Baby
* Surjya Kanta Mishra
* Mohammed Salim
* Subhashini Ali
* B. V. Raghavulu
* G. Ramakrishnan
* Tapan Kumar Sen
* Nilotpal Basu
* Ram Chandra Dome
* A. Vijayaraghavan
* Ashok Dhawale

## 22nd Politburo

The 22nd Congress of the CPI(M) held between 18 and 22 April 2018 at Hyderabad, Telangana elected a 95 member Central Committee. There are also six special invitees and two permanent invitees to the Central Committee. The Central Committee at its meeting held on 22 April 2018 at the conclusion of the Congress elected a 17 member Politburo. The C.C. also re-elected Com. Sitaram Yechury as the General Secretary.
* Sitaram Yechury, General Secretary
* Prakash Karat
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* Biman Bose
* Manik Sarkar
* Brinda Karat
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Hannan Mollah
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
* M. A. Baby
* Surjya Kanta Mishra
* Mohammed Salim
* Subhashini Ali
* B. V. Raghavulu
* G. Ramakrishnan
* Tapan Kumar Sen
* Niloptal Basu

## 21st Politburo

The 21st Politburo was elected at the 21st party congress of CPI(M), held in Visakhapatnam in April 2015.
* Sitaram Yechury, General Secretary
* Subhashini Ali
* M. A. Baby
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
* Biman Bose
* Surja Kanta Mishra
* Prakash Karat
* A. K. Padmanabhan
* B. V. Raghavulu
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* G.Ramakrishnan
* Mohammed Salim
* Manik Sarkar
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Brinda Karat
* Hannan Mollah

## 20th Politburo

The 20th Politburo was elected at the 20th party congress of CPI(M), held in Calicut in April 2012.
* Prakash Karat, General Secretary
* M. A. Baby
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharya
* Biman Bose
* Brinda Karat
* Surja Kanta Mishra
* A. K. Padmanabhan
* B.V. Raghavulu
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* Manik Sarkar
* Nirupam Sen
* K. Varadarajan
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Sitaram Yechury

## 19th Politburo

The 19th Politburo was elected at the 19th party congress of CPI(M), held in Coimbatore from 29 March – 3 April 2008. Former Chief Minister of West Bengal Jyoti Basu was designated as a special invitee to the Politburo.
* Prakash Karat, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan (removed from the politburo on 12 July 2009)
* Sitaram Yechury
* Mohammed Amin
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharya
* Biman Bose
* Brinda Karat
* M. K. Pandhe
* B.V. Raghavulu
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* Manik Sarkar
* Nirupam Sen
* K. Varadarajan
* Pinarayi Vijayan

## 18th Politburo

The 18th Politburo was elected at the 18th party congress of CPI(M), held in Delhi from 6-11 April 2005.
* Prakash Karat, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* Jyoti Basu
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
* Anil Biswas (died on 26 March 2006)
* Biman Bose
* Brinda Karat
* Chittabrata Majumdar (died on 20 February 2007)
* M. K. Pandhe
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* B. V. Raghavulu
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Manik Sarkar
* R. Umanath
* K. Varadarajan
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Sitaram Yechury

## 17th Politburo

The 17th Politburo was elected at the 18th party congress of CPI(M), held in Hyderabad from 19-24 March 2002.
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* E. Balanandan
* Jyoti Basu
* Biman Bose
* Anil Biswas
* Sailen Dasgupta
* Prakash Karat
* E. K. Nayanar
* M. K. Pandhe
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* P. Ramachandran
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharya
* Koratala Satyanarayana
* R. Umanath
* Sitaram Yechury
* Manik Sarkar
* Pinarayi Vijayan

## 16th Politburo

The 16th Politburo was elected at the 16th party congress of CPI(M), held in Calcutta from 5-11 October 1998.
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* E. Balanandan
* Jyoti Basu
* Benoy Choudhury
* Sailen Dasgupta
* Prakash Karat
* E. K. Nayanar
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* P. Ramachandran
* R. Umanath
* Sitaram Yechury
* Moturu Hanumantha Rao

## 15th Politburo

The 15th Politburo was elected at the 15th party congress of CPI(M), held in Chandigarh from 3-8 April 1995.
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* E. Balanandan
* Jyoti Basu
* Benoy Choudhury
* Sailen Dasgupta
* Prakash Karat
* Sunil Maitra
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* E. K. Nayanar
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* P. Ramachandran
* L.B.G. Rao
* R. Umanath
* Sitaram Yechury
* A. Nallasivan
* Moturu Hanumantha Rao

## 14th Politburo

The 14th Politburo was elected at the 14th party congress of CPI(M), held in Madras from 3-9 January 1992.
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet, General Secretary
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* E. Balanandan
* Jyoti Basu
* Nripen Chakraborty
* Benoy Chaudhury
* Sailen Dasgupta
* Prakash Karat
* Sunil Maitra
* A. Nallasivan
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* E. K. Nayanar
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* P. Ramachandran
* L.B.G. Rao
* M. Hanumantha Rao
* Sitaram Yechury

## 13th Politburo

The 13th Politburo was elected at the 13th party congress of CPI(M), held in Trivandrum from 27 December 1988 to 1 January 1989.
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive (Died on 6 April 1990)
* M. Basavapunniah
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Jyoti Basu
* Samar Mukherjee
* E. Balanandan
* Nripen Chakraborty
* Saroj Mukherjee
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* A. Nallasivan
* L.B.G. Rao

## 12th Politburo

The 12th Politburo was elected at the 12th party congress of CPI(M), held in Calcutta from 25-29 December 1985.
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive
* M. Basavapunniah
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Jyoti Basu
* Samar Mukherjee
* E. Balanandan
* Nripen Chakraborty
* Saroj Mukherjee
* V. S. Achuthanandan

## 11th Politburo

The 11th Politburo was elected at the 11th party congress of CPI(M), held in Vijayawada from 26-31 January 1982.
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive
* M. Basavapunniah
* P. Ramamurthi
* Promode Dasgupta (died on 29 November 1982)
* Jyoti Basu
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Samar Mukherjee
* E. Balanandan

## 10th Politburo

The 10th Politburo was elected at the 10th party congress of CPI(M), held in Jalandhar from 2-8 April 1978.
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive
* P. Sundarayya
* M. Basavapunniah
* P. Ramamurthi
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Jyoti Basu
* Promode Dasgupta
* Samar Mukherjee
* A. Balasubramaniam (died on 5 September 1981)
* E. Balanandan

## 9th Politburo

The 9th Politburo was elected at the 10th party congress of CPI(M), held in Madurai from 27 June – 2 July 1972.
* P. Sundarayya, General Secretary
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* A. K. Gopalan
* M. Basavapunniah
* P. Ramamurthi
* B. T. Ranadive
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* Promode Dasgupta
* Jyoti Basu

## 8th Politburo

The 8th Politburo was elected at the 8th party congress of CPI(M), held in Kochi from 23 - 29 December 1968.
* P. Sundarayya, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive
* M. Basavapunniah
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* Promode Dasgupta
* Jyoti Basu
* P. Ramamurthi
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* A. K. Gopalan

## 7th Politburo

The 7th Politburo was elected at the 7th Party Congress of CPI(M) held in Calcutta from 31 October – 7 November 1964. It was the first Party Congress after the CPI(M) emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in 1964.
* P. Sundarayya, General Secretary
* B. T. Ranadive
* Promode Dasgupta
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* M. Basavapunniah
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* P. Ramamurthi
* A. K. Gopalan
* Jyoti Basu