OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Melzer

Jean Isabel Melzer OAM (née McLeod); 7 February 1926 – 18 June 2013) was an Australian politician and activist. She was a Senator for Victoria from 1974 to 1981, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). A long-time supporter of the anti-war and anti-nuclear movements, she left the party in 1984 over its failure to ban uranium mining and stood unsuccessfully for the Nuclear Disarmament Party at the 1984 federal election.

## Early life

Melzer was born on 7 February 1926 in Elsternwick, Victoria. She was the daughter of Lilian Rosa (née Ford) and George Kenneth McLeod. Her father, a World War I veteran, was an accountant and civil servant.
Melzer was educated at Ormond State School, Ormond East State School, and Gardenvale Central School, completing her secondary education at Mac.Robertson Girls' High School from 1939 to 1941. Her father committed suicide in 1940 and she had to leave school early to support her family. She began working as a clerk with the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission and later worked for radio station 3AW and for the Building Workers' Industrial Union.

## Politics and activism
### Early years

Melzer joined the Communist Party of Australia as a teenager. She was active in the leftist New Theatre as an actor, assistant director, and costume designer. She left the Communist Party in 1957.
In the 1960s, Melzer was active in the peace movement and was involved with the United Nations Association, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the Victorian Council for Civil Liberties, and the League of Women Voters of Victoria. In response to Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, she joined the anti-conscription Save Our Sons movement and participated in anti-war demonstrations.
Melzer joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) after the 1966 federal election. She became secretary of the Camberwell branch and was campaign manager for the federal seat of Chisholm. She was appointed state secretary of the ALP in 1971 and was the chief organiser of the party's campaign in Victoria at the 1972 election, which saw the election of the Whitlam government.

### Senate

She was elected at the 1974 election, becoming the first woman Labor senator from Victoria. In 1978 she was the first woman elected as the Secretary of the Labor Caucus. She served two terms, being defeated at the 1980 election as she was placed third on the Labor ticket. Her final term ended on 30 June 1981.
She stood unsuccessfully as the lead Victorian senate candidate for the Nuclear Disarmament Party in the 1984 election. She received 7.1% of the vote.
Melzer was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2006.

## Personal life

Melzer had four children with her first husband, William Griffiths, whom she married in 1946. She was divorced in 1961 and remarried in the same year to Wilton Melzer, with whom she had another two children. Her second marriage also ended in divorce in 1974, the same year she was elected to the Senate.
Melzer was the president of U3A Network Victoria. She died on 18 June 2013.
# Eric Louis Boetzel

Eric Louis Boetzel (May 18, 1884 – January 1958) was the deputy Attorney General of New York State, and a former Manhattan Assistant District Attorney.

## Biography

He was born in Germany on May 18, 1884, to Augusta and Theodore Boetzel. They arrived in the United States in November 1889 and on June 2, 1905, he was made a US citizen. In 1907 he graduated from New York University with a law degree. In 1913 he resigned as Assistant District Attorney to become the assistant manager of the 1913 New York City mayoralty campaign of John Purroy Mitchel, the fusion candidate, who won the mayoralty.
In 1919 Boetzel was convicted for mail fraud. In 1920 he was disbarred.
By 1941 he was living in Ridgewood, New Jersey and working for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. He died in January 1958 in Florida.
# Willum Þór Þórsson

Willum Þór Þórsson (born 17 March 1963) is an Icelandic former football player and manager and politician. From 2021 to 2024, he served as the Icelandic Minister of Health.
From 2013 to 2016, he served on the Althing, the Icelandic parliament, for the Progressive Party, and is currently a member of parliament since 2017. He holds a Master's degree in Microeconomics from the University of Copenhagen and used to teach economics at Menntaskólinn í Kópavogi.

## Playing career

Willum began his career at KR before moving on to Breiðablik and later Þróttur where he started his manager career.
He represented Iceland at youth level both in basketball and football.

## Managerial career

Willum led Þróttur to Iceland's top league, the Úrvalsdeild in 1997. The wait had been long as Þróttur last played at the top level in 1985. In 2000, he became the manager of Haukar, and in 2002, he was appointed manager of KR and led them to two successive championships in 2002 and 2003. In 2004 KR finished without a title and Þórsson's contract was not renewed. He took charge of Valur who had just been promoted to the Úrvalsdeild and finished the 2005 season in 2nd place after champions FH.
Valur won the 2005 Icelandic Cup with a 1–0 victory over Fram. In 2006, Valur ended the season in 3rd place and in 2007 Willum managed Valur to their first League title in 20 years and won Manager of the Season in Landsbankadeildin. He left with mutual agreement on 1 July 2009. On 29 September 2009, after the season had finished for the year, he was appointed the new manager of Keflavík.
He is the only manager who has won every single league in Iceland (4 in total), 2nd and 3rd division with Haukar, 1st division with Þróttur and the Premier League with KR and Valur.
In November 2010, Willum was appointed as the first manager for the Icelandic futsal team.

## Political career
### Parliament

Willum has taken active part in politics with the Progressive Party. In the 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election he was elected to the Althing for the Southwest constituency and served until 2016, before being elected back into parliament for the same constituency in 2017.
He served as the fourth vice president of the Althing between 2019 and 2021. Furthermore, he sat on the Economic Affairs and Trade Committee between 2013 and 2016 and again between 2020 and 2021, concurrently with the Constitutional and Supervisory Committee during the former term. He also sat on the Judicial Affairs and Education Committee in 2013 and again between 2017 and 2019. He also led the Budget Committee between 2017 and 2021.

## Personal life

Willum married to Ása Brynjólfsdóttir, with whom he has five children, which includes Willum Þór Willumsson, an Icelandic international footballer, as well Brynjólfur Andersen Willumsson, an Icelandic youth international footballer.
# G. Edward Williams

G. Edward Williams (1885 – August 17, 1940) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician.

## Biography

G. Edward Williams was born in 1885. He received a B. S. degree from Mississippi College in 1905. In 1915, Williams was elected to represent the 12th District in the Mississippi State Senate, as the Hinds and Warren Counties floater representative. He was a resident of Jackson, Mississippi, at the time. After his district was redistricted in the middle of the term, George Anderson of Vicksburg was elected, but Williams contested his seat due to being "legislated out of office". Williams moved to Clarksdale, Mississippi, in 1920, where he served as a chancery judge for several years. On August 17, 1940, Williams was driving his car, when it was struck by another car; he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the Dr. I. W. Barrett Clinic in Clarksdale 30 minutes later.
# Ana Luiza Franceschi

Ana Luiza Franceschi De Souza (born 18 February 2008) is a Brazilian rhythmic gymnast. She's a multiple Pan American champion as a member of the national junior group.

## Career

In 2023, Ana Luiza was incorporated into the national junior group and competed at the Pan American Championships along Laura Gamboa, Isadora Beduschi, Yumi Rodrigues, Maria Paula Caminha and Lavinia Silvério, winning all three titles. In July she was selected for the Junior World Championships in Cluj-Napoca, finishing 12th in teams, 6th in the All-Around, 6th with 5ropes and 8th with 5 balls.
Franceschi became a senior in 2024. In December she participated in the selection for the new Brazilian senior group. A week later it was revealed she was selected to integrate the group.
# Vile Parle

Vile Parle (IPA:, also known as Parla), is a suburb and also the name of the railway station in the Western suburb of Mumbai. Vile Parle has a significantly strong base of Marathi population. It serves as the location of the first Parle factory

## History

A village named Padale/Padle near Santacruz and Irle near Andheri and the station named Vidlai Padlai led to the name Vile Parle. In this village, there was a huge colony of Christians called Padale. The current southern village region has Bhandar Wada as an independent colony. The old road near Bhandar Wada and Padale joins the Sahar village via bullock carts. Hence there is a railway crossing at Padale.
The Wadias purchased Juhu and Parle. They signed a contractual bond up to 1843. The purpose of selling these 2 villages to Wadia was to increase the population and to increase the amount in the treasury. Wadia had to improve the living conditions in these villages by digging wells, and arranging for food, clothing and shelter in order to attract crowds and sustain a decent population. Wadia used to collect taxes from the villagers and pay them to the government. After him, Shri Barve and Shri Agashe were the chief managers of Wadia Trust.

## Economy

Vile Parle has now become a second major education centre after Churchgate to Charni Road area. The establishment and growth of a huge educational complex are financed by the Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal and Parle Tilak Vidyalaya Association. Thus, a constant flow of students in and out of Vile Parle can be seen throughout the day.
One of the leading Indian confectionery and biscuit manufacturers, Parle Products was started in Vile Parle. There is still a factory in Vile Parle East and it is commonly known as Parle Biscuit Factory.

## Educational institutions
### Colleges
#### Medical Colleges

* Hinduhridaysamrat Balasaheb Thackeray Medical College and Dr. R. N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital

#### Engineering Colleges

* Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
* Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

#### General Colleges

* M.L. Dahanukar College of Commerce
* Mithibai College
* Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics
* Sathaye College (Parle College)
* Usha Pravin Gandhi College of Management

#### Management Colleges

* SVKM's NMIMS

### Schools

* Jamnabai Narsee School
* Madhavrao Bhagwat High School
* M P Shah English High School
* Parle Tilak Vidyalaya English Medium School
* St Joseph's Convent High School, Mumbai
* Parle Tilak Vidyalaya Marathi Medium Secondary School
* St. Xavier's High School, Vile Parle
* Utpal Shanghvi Global School
# Rhizochaete radicata

Rhizochaete is a plant pathogen infecting planes, beeches, pines, oaks and other trees.
It was first described as Corticium radicatum in 1895 by Paul Christoph Hennings. It was transferred to the genus, Rhizochaete by Alina Greslebin, Karen Nakasone and Mario Rajchenberg in 2004. Index Fungorum and Mycobank disagree on the current name of this taxon, with Mycobank asserting it to be Phanerochaete radicata and Index Fungorum, Rhizochaete radicata.
# Rhein

Rhein may refer to:

## Places

* Rhine, a major river in Europe (German: Rhein)
* Rhein, a village in the municipality of Morsbach in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Rhein (Ostpreussen), a former name of the town Ryn in Poland
* Rhein, Saskatchewan, a village within the Rural Municipality of Wallace No. 243 in Canada

## Ships

* SMS Rhein, an 1871 steam-powered ironclad monitor of the German Imperial Navy
* SS Rhein (1899), an ocean liner for North German Lloyd
* Rhein (A513), a modern German replenishment ship

## People

* Eduard Rhein (1900–1993), German inventor, publisher and author
* Monika Rhein, German oceanographer
* Ralph Rhein (born 1965), Swiss slalom canoer
* Rhein Amacher, walk-on football player for 2008 football season; see 2008 Oregon Ducks football team
* Torben Rhein (born 2003), German football player

## Photographs

* Rhein (1996), a photograph created by Andreas Gursky
* Rhein II (1999), a photograph created by Andreas Gursky

## Other uses

* Rhein (molecule), a substance in the anthraquinone group found in rhubarb
# Milecastle 50

Milecastle 50 (High House) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY60676601).

## Description

Milecastle 50 is west of Birdoswald fort. It lies 1391 metres west of Milecastle 49 and 1501 metres east of Milecastle 51. Very little can be seen on the ground other than a ploughed-down earth platform.

## Excavations

The milecastle was excavated in 1911. Excavation showed that it measures 18.3 metres east to west by 23.2 metres north to south. It is built with narrow gauge defensive walls, which are bonded into the Narrow Wall curtain of Hadrian's Wall on either side. It has Type III gateways.
The stone milecastle replaced its predecessor, Milecastle 50TW (High House) on the Turf Wall, some 200 metres to the south (grid reference NY60716583). It is the only Turf Wall milecastle without a Stone Wall successor on it. Milecastle 50TW was excavated by F. G. Simpson and I. A. Richmond in 1934. It had turf defensive walls, a timber north tower, and a fragment of a timber construction inscription was recovered recording its construction under Aulus Platorius Nepos.

## Associated turrets

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 50 are known as Turret 50A and Turret 50B.

### Turret 50A

Turret 50A (High House) (grid reference NY60206586) was excavated in 1911. The north half of the turret is buried beneath the road, and the south half survives as a slight earthwork at the edge of the adjoining field. It replaced the earlier turf wall turret (50A TW; grid reference NY60276569) which was dismantled when the stone wall was built.

### Turret 50B

Turret 50B (Appletree) (grid reference NY59736573) was also excavated in 1911. There are no surface remains visible, but a distinct rise in the south wall of the road marks the point in which it is carried over the south wall of the turret. It replaced the earlier turf wall turret (50B TW; grid reference NY597655) which was dismantled when the stone wall was built.
# Union Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania

Union Township is a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,503 at the 2010 census.

## History

The French Creek State Park: Six Penny Day Use District, French Creek State Park: Organized Group Camp 4 District, and Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 23.5 square miles (60.8 km$^2$), of which 23.2 square miles (60.1 km$^2$) is land and 0.3 square mile (0.8 km$^2$) (1.28%) is water. The township is located in the Hopewell Big Woods.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 3,453 people, 1,324 households, and 1,035 families living in the township. The population density was 148.9 inhabitants per square mile (57.5/km$^2$). There were 1,370 housing units at an average density of 59.1 per square mile (22.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.03% White, 0.58% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96%.
There were 1,324 households, 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 17.5% of households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.93.
The age distribution was 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.
The median household income was $54,205 and the median family income was $61,048. Males had a median income of $42,685 versus $27,901 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,014. About 1.8% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Recreation

Most of French Creek State Park and a small portion of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 43 are located in Union Township.

## Transportation

As of 2019, there were 44.93 miles (72.31 km) of public roads in Union Township, of which 11.68 miles (18.80 km) were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 33.25 miles (53.51 km) were maintained by the township.
Pennsylvania Route 345 and Pennsylvania Route 724 are the numbered highways serving Union Township. PA 345 follows Shed Road along a northwest-southeast alignment through the middle of the township. PA 724 follows Main Street along an east-west alignment across the northern portion of the township.
# Amity Gardens, Pennsylvania

Amity Gardens is a census-designated place (CDP) in Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 3,715. The town lends its name to a Fountains of Wayne song.

## Geography

Amity Gardens is located at 40°16′13″N 75°44′5″W﻿ / ﻿40.27028°N 75.73472°W﻿ / 40.27028; -75.73472 (40.270155, -75.734834). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Amity Gardens has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Etymology
### Derivation of the name "Amity"

In the "History of Montgomery County", the author records the settlement of some Swedes at Douglassville a few years after 1699 and the connection of this settlement with a group of Germans at New Hanover. A road was laid out from New Hanover to Germantown. Along these roads, the word "Amity" was used to designate a locality. The name was adopted by the inhabitants of the area to symbolize their relations with the Indians. Although Sweden lost the colony in 1638, the Swedish settlers sent a letter to their homeland in 1693 asking for ministers and religious books. In this letter they stated, "We live in great amity with the Indians, who have not done us harm for many years." From this incident, those Swedish settlers who migrated up the Schuylkill beyond the Manatawny called their settlement, Amity.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 3,370 people, 1,243 households, and 948 families living in the CDP. The population density was 3,543.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,368.3/km$^2$). There were 1,269 housing units at an average density of 1,334.4 per square mile (515.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.01% White, 2.58% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31%.
There were 1,243 households, 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 18.7% of households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.12.
The age distribution was 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median household income was $60,586 and the median family income was $70,250. Males had a median income of $48,000 versus $32,234 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,614. About 2.1% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Xylophis mosaicus

Xylophis mosaicus, the Anamalai wood snake, is a species of snake in the family Pareidae. The species is non-venomous and is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.

## Geographic range

X. mosaicus is found in the Anamalai region of the Western Ghats in the Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
# Michael Lockshin (film director)

Michael Lockshin (Russian: Михаил Арнольдович Локшин; born 1981) is a film director and writer.

## Early life and education

Lockshin was born in 1981 in the United States and grew up in both the United States and Russia.
Lockshin graduated with a MA degree in psychology from Moscow State University. After graduation, Lockshin moved to London, where he began directing commercials and music videos.

## Personal life

According to Business Insider, Lockshin is not a Russian citizen. As of 2021, he lives in Los Angeles.
He is the son of the scientist Arnold Lockshin, who received political asylum in the USSR in 1986. He has Jewish heritage from his father's side.

## Career

While still studying in college, Lockshin started working in the film industry. He shot commercials for over 10 years, and his spots won numerous awards, including Cannes Lions Young Director's Awards, Golden Drum, and others. The David Duchovny ad (2014) went viral.
Lockshin's debut feature film, Silver Skates, shot in 2019, was released theatrically Christmas 2020 in Russia to high acclaim. The movie became the first Russian-language Netflix Originals movie. It premiered as the Opening Film of the Moscow International Film Festival. At the 20th Golden Eagle Awards (2021), Silver Skates was nominated for 12 awards, a record in the history of the Golden Eagle Awards, and won 6 awards, including "Best Picture". Lockshin himself was nominated for Best Director. The film also won "Best Picture" from the Association of Producers awards (APKIT), and won several awards at the Nika Awards in 2021, with Lockshin up in the category "Discovery of the Year".
His second feature film The Master and Margarita, which he also co-wrote, is based on Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, and stars German actor August Diehl. The film was shot in 2021. The film's release date was pushed multiple times due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and problems with funding the film's post-production. Initially slated for a release by Universal Pictures on December 30, 2022, the film was released in Russia on January 25, 2024.
The movie received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and audiences, but was targeted by nationalist activists, propagandists, and government officials, including Vladimir Solovyev, Margarita Simonyan, Zakhar Prilepin, and Tigran Keosayan who complained about the director's views on the war in Ukraine, the film's anti-regime stance, and the fact that the Ministry of Culture had provided funding for a critical film, even though it was before Russia's full-scale invastion into Ukraine. They demanded a criminal investigation into the film and into Lockshin himself. This was echoed by parliament members of the State Duma as well. The film received a record 14 nominations and 6 wins at the annual Russian Guild of Film Critics Awards, including Best Feature Film. At the same time the official government awards "Golden Eagle" totally ignored the film.
Despite all the backlash, the film became one of the highest grossing films ever at the Russian box office.