OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucens Castle

Lucens Castle is a castle in the municipality of Lucens in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

## History

The castle's strategic location allowed it to control the Broye valley, which was an important transit corridor. Starting in the Middle Ages and until 1536 it was a residence of the Bishop of Lausanne and served to control the bishop's land in the Broye valley. During the 12th century, the castle was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. In 1476, it was destroyed by the Swiss Confederation. In 1536 the valley and the surrounding territory were conquered by Bern. It became the seat of a Bernese bailiwick at the same time. In 1542, the vogt of Moudon moved into the castle. It was enlarged between 1579 and 1586 and served as an arsenal and fortress on the border to Fribourg. In 1798, the Bernese were forced out and the Canton of Léman was formed. Shortly thereafter, the castle became the property of Canton, who sold it 1801 to private individuals. In 1925, it was converted into a Swiss Reformed institute for girls. Between 1965 and 1970, it was the seat of the Conan Doyle Foundation, and is now in private hands.

## Lucens Guidelines for Protecting Schools from Military Use

On 26–28 November 2012, experts from around the world met at Lucens Castle, to discuss developing international guidelines to better protect schools and universities from military use. The resulting document is known as the Draft Lucens Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict.
The Draft Lucens Guidelines urge all parties to armed conflict "not to use schools and universities for any purpose in support of the military effort", and then provides six guidelines of "responsible practice" for parties so as to avoid impinging on students' safety and education. The finalized guidelines then became available for countries to endorse through the Safe Schools Declaration, and have gone on to influence national legislation and military doctrine and policy.
# Jocelyn Ziegler

Jocelyn Ziegler is a French lawyer specializing in banking law and financial Fraud Defense. He is the founder of Ziegler Associes, a leading law firm known for handling complex financial fraud cases, class-action lawsuits, and Corporate Litigation.

## Early life and career

Jocelyn Ziegler was born on December 23, 1989. He pursued legal studies in France, earning multiple degrees from the univers de perpignan - UPVD. Jocelyn is a practicing lawyer, registered with the Paris Bar Association.

## Education

Bersay – Avocat-stagiaire (January 2020 – August 2020) Completed an 8-month legal internship at Bersay, a law firm based in Paris. RATP Group – Avocat-stagiaire (June 2019 – December 2019) Gained experience in corporate and administrative law at RATP Group, which manages Paris' public Transport System.
Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse – Avocat-stagiaire (January 2019 – June 2019) Worked as an intern for the French Ministry of National Education and Youth, in the Versailles region.
Cabinet de Maître Christophe SANSON – Avocat-Stagiaire collaborateur (January 2017 – June 2017).
# Cuthbert Hutton

Cuthbert Hutton of Hutton John, Cumberland (by 1512 – 10 September 1553) was an English politician.
Hutton was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cumberland in 1545. The son of Hugh Hutton of Hutton John, he had around 1529 and certainly by 1540 married Elizabeth Bellingham, a childhood friend of Katherine Parr. Elizabeth was the daughter and coheiress of Robert Bellingham of Burnehead Hall, Burneside, Westmoreland by his wife Anne Pickering. The Huttons had the son John, and at least three daughters, Katherine, Anne, and Mary. Through his daughter Mary he was the grandfather of Richard Huddleston.
When Elizabeth left court, she returned to Hutton John, where she and her husband laid out gardens in the style of those at Hampton Court.
Hutton served in the Scottish war under Edward VI. He was killed, and left as his heir his son John. His widow Elizabeth acquired the wardship.
# Luís Silva (footballer, born 1992)

Luís Manuel da Costa Silva (born 29 September 1992) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga Portugal 2 club Académico de Viseu.
He played 51 Primeira Liga games for Braga, Gil Vicente and Belenenses but spent most of his career in the second tier, achieving over 300 appearances and 30 goals for seven clubs, mainly two spells at Leixões.

## Club career

Born in Matosinhos, Porto District, Silva began his career at local side Leixões S.C. in the second division, making his professional debut on 21 August 2011 as the season began with a 1–0 away win against Associação Naval 1º de Maio. He scored his first goal as the game's only on 20 November at home to Santa Maria F.C. in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal, while all seven of his league goals came the following campaign.
On 19 March 2013, Silva agreed to join S.C. Braga upon the expiration of his contract. He appeared in just four matches, with his Primeira Liga debut coming on 16 August as a late substitute in a 2–0 opening victory at F.C. Paços de Ferreira. He played more regularly on loan at Gil Vicente F.C. also in the top flight, signing in January and July of the following year.
After scoring six times in the 2015–16 LigaPro for G.D. Chaves, Silva returned to the highest tier at C.F. Os Belenenses, where he was again rarely used and subsequently loaned down to C.D. Cova da Piedade in January 2017. He then returned to Leixões and after his first season, agreed to a new deal until 2021, which he rescinded one year early amidst a COVID-related pay dispute. A highlight of his second spell at the Estádio do Mar was scoring twice in a 4–0 win over Cova da Piedade on 10 March 2018.
Following a return to Chaves and a relegated season at Varzim SC, Silva remained in division two by signing for U.D. Vilafranquense in July 2022. A year later, he renewed for a second year, while the club relocated to Vila das Aves and merged with C.D. Aves to become AVS Futebol SAD.
On 22 January 2025, Silva joined second-tier Académico de Viseu F.C. on a six-month contract.

## International career

Silva earned nine caps for Portugal at under-20 and under-21 level, all in friendly games. On his debut on 10 January 2012, he played the second half of a 1–1 draw with Slovakia in Leiria.
# Tiéna Coulibaly

Tiéna Coulibaly (born 1952) is a Malian politician who has served as Minister of Defense in the government of Mali from 2017 to 2020. Previously he was Minister of Finance from 1988 to 1991, and again from 2012 to 2013. Coulibaly was ousted during the 2020 Malian coup d'état and replaced by Colonel Sadio Camara.

## Early life and education

Coulibaly was born in Boré, Mali. He attended primary education from 1959 to 1964 in his native village before pursuing secondary education in Prosper Kamara High School in Bamako and graduated in 1971. He studied at Université Laval in Québec, where he earned a bachelor's degree in agricultural economics in 1977. Later, he went to graduate school at Purdue University, receiving an M.S. in agricultural economics in 1978.

## Career

Between 1981 and 1987, he was technical adviser to the Ministry of Livestock. From 1987 to 1988, he served as Deputy Director-General of the Libyan-Malian Livestock Development Corporation. In 1988, he was appointed Minister of Finance and Trade under President Moussa Traoré. Coulibaly was arrested following the ouster of Moussa Traoré in the March Revolution of 1991, but acquitted after the "Crimes of blood" trial in 1993.
He was appointed technical advisor to the Cotton Sector Restructuring Mission (FRSC). In November 2008, he became chairman and chief executive officer of the Malian Textile Development Company (CMDT), a position he held until he was appointed to the government. He was appointed Minister of the Economy, Finances and Budget on 24 April 2012, serving in that post until 22 June 2013, when he was instead appointed Minister of Trade and Industry.
On 13 November 2014 he was appointed Ambassador to the United States, where he was accredited on 18 November 2014.
On 11 April 2017, President Keita named Coulibaly as Minister of Defence and Veteran Affairs in a cabinet reshuffle.

## Personal life

He is married and has four children.
# Hamida Zakariya

Hamida Zakariya Esma'il was the first female judge in South Yemen, Yemen, and the Arab World.

## Education and career

Zakariya had a law degree from Cairo University and in 1970 worked at the South Yemen Ministry of Justice as a legal councilor.
In 1971, at the age of 27, Zakaria was appointed as a judge at the Court of Assizes, in Aden. Her appointment made her the first woman judge in the Arab world.

## Personal life

Zakariya was married and was a mother. She died prior to 2015.
# Doyle Redotelojor Edeni

Doyle Redotelojor Edeni (born 23 December 1969) is a Nigerian industrialist and the current Managing Director of Blue Seal Energy Group. He is also the founder of Blue Seal Chemical Production Plant. In addition to his business ventures, he is a philanthropist and serves as the Director of the Stand Up Speak Out Initiative.

## Early life and education

Doyle Edeni was born in Ebu, Delta State, Nigeria.
He studied Biochemistry at the University of Benin, where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree. He later earned a Master of Science degree in Chemical Engineering and General Management from Harvard Business School and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Organizational Leadership from Our Lady of the Lake University..

## Career

Doyle Edeni is an entrepreneur, scientist, philanthropist and industrialist, He began his career in 1996 as a young Biochemistry graduate in Nigeria. After years of working with oil field companies and chemical production plants across Africa and North America, he went on to found and co-found five companies, Blue Seal Energy Group, Blue Seal Chemical Production Plant, Hilton Drilling, Chapters USA Inc., Chapters Construction and Infrastructure Development Company, Gateway Africa,
Edeni is an author and post-graduate research scholar, He Founded the Doyle Edeni Prize for literature, an award that honors young creative writers in Nigeria.
In 2016, Doyle Edeni founded Blue Seal Energy Group, a Nigerian-based energy company in the oil and gas sector. He has led the company as Chairman and Managing Director since its inception, expanding it from a single oil and gas company into a group of companies that later diversified into the chemical industry with the establishment of the Blue Seal Chemical Production Plant in 2018.

### Stand Up Speak Out Initiative

Doyle Edeni is the founder of the Stand Up Speak Out Initiative, a non-profit organization focused on leadership development and governance in Africa. The initiative mentors aspiring African leaders and promotes excellence among Nigerian youth. Under Edeni’s leadership, the organization has undertaken several initiatives, including:
* Donating learning materials, providing scholarships to young Nigerians, and enhancing lecture delivery by supplying solar-powered laboratories and computers to the University of Benin.
* Establishing a writers' community in Nigeria and launching the Doyle Edeni Prize for Literature, which recognizes outstanding contributions to literature.
* Supporting farmers in Jigawa State by providing agricultural tools and fertilizers to improve food security in Nigeria.

## Award

* In 2024, he was honored with an Award of Excellence at the Nigerian Law School for his philanthropic efforts.
# Erdős–Diophantine graph

An Erdős–Diophantine graph is an object in the mathematical subject of Diophantine equations consisting of a set of integer points at integer distances in the plane that cannot be extended by any additional points. Equivalently, in geometric graph theory, it can be described as a complete graph with vertices located on the integer square grid $\mathbb {Z} ^{2}$ such that all mutual distances between the vertices are integers, while all other grid points have a non-integer distance to at least one vertex.
Erdős–Diophantine graphs are named after Paul Erdős and Diophantus of Alexandria. They form a subset of the set of Diophantine figures, which are defined as complete graphs in the Diophantine plane for which the length of all edges are integers (unit distance graphs). Thus, Erdős–Diophantine graphs are exactly the Diophantine figures that cannot be extended. The existence of Erdős–Diophantine graphs follows from the Erdős–Anning theorem, according to which infinite Diophantine figures must be collinear in the Diophantine plane. Hence, any process of extending a non-collinear Diophantine figure by adding vertices must eventually reach a figure that can no longer be extended.

## Examples

Any set of zero or one point can be trivially extended, and any Diophantine set of two points can be extended by more points on the same line. Therefore, all Diophantine sets with fewer than three nodes can be extended, so Erdős–Diophantine graphs on fewer than three nodes cannot exist.
By numerical search, Kohnert & Kurz (2007) have shown that three-node Erdős–Diophantine graphs do exist. The smallest Erdős–Diophantine triangle is characterised by edge lengths 2066, 1803, and 505. The next larger Erdős–Diophantine triangle has edges 2549, 2307 and 1492. In both cases, the sum of the three edge-lengths is even. Brancheva has proven that this property holds for all Erdős–Diophantine triangles. More generally, the total length of any closed path in an Erdős–Diophantine graph is always even.
An example of a 4-node Erdős–Diophantine graph is provided by the complete graph formed by the four nodes located on the vertices of a rectangle with sides 4 and 3.
# Rosario Salvatore Aitala

Rosario Salvatore Aitala is an Italian jurist specialising in criminal law. Aitala was elected as a judge of the International Criminal Court in 2017, for a mandate from 11 March 2018 to 10 March 2027.

## Youth and childhood

Aitala was born in Catania in Italy on (1967-09-24)24 September 1967.

## Early career

Prior to becoming a judge, Aitala was a police officer.

## Judge and prosecutor

Aitala has been a judge and a prosecutor in Milan, Trapani and Rome for three decades, specialising in criminal law cases involving the Mafia, terrorism, corruption and international crime including terrorism.

### International Criminal Court judge

On 6 December 2017, Aitala was elected as a judge of the International Criminal Court (ICC), with 84 votes in favour by states party to the Rome Statute. His term as an ICC judge is from 11 March 2018 to 10 March 2027. He was a judge of Pre-Trial Chamber II from 2018 and was elected as its presiding judge from 2021. In March 2023, Russia initiated a criminal investigation against Aitala, Tomoko Akane and Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godinez in response of an arrest warrant against its president Vladimir Putin for the unlawful deportations of Ukrainian children to Russia during the Russian-Ukrainian war.

## Government and international advisor

Aitala has been an advisor to Italian foreign ministers and the president of the Italian Senate. In European Union (EU) roles, Aitala has been Coordinator of the Cocaine Route Monitoring and Support Programme of the European Union, and an advisor for EU assistance missions for justice and monitoring money laundering and economic crime.

## Academic career

Aitala has carried out research and teaching in criminal law, geopolitics and international relations at LUISS Guido Carli, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (2006–2014), and University of Rome Tor Vergata.
# 7 cm mountain gun

The 7 cm mountain gun was a Japanese ordnance first used in 1883. It was used in the First Sino-Japanese War as the main artillery, and was used again in the Russo-Japanese War by second-line troops .

## History

From 1880, the Imperial Japanese Army wanted to produce guns on its own. With Italian help, the army designed new 75 mm guns. Because steel was expensive as a raw material in Japan at the time, bronze was used to produce the gun barrel.
# Old Customshouse (Erie, Pennsylvania)

The Old Customshouse is an historic, American custom house building that is located in Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

## History and architectural features

Built between 1838 and 1839, this historic structure is a two-story, rectangular, brick and Vermont marble building. The front facade features a pedimented portico with six two-story, Doric order columns. Designed in the Greek Revival style, this building housed Erie's post office until 1867, served as the Customs House for the port of Erie from 1849 to 1888, and later housed a Grand Army of the Republic post and the Erie County Historical Society. It is now part of a five-building complex of the Erie Art Museum.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
# Bil Keating

Bil Keating (died 2022) was an Irish television and theatrical producer, director, lighting designer and founder of the Bil Keating Centre in Dublin.
Born and raised in Allingham Buildings in The Liberties, Dublin, he later moved to London. His training in stagecraft in London in the 1950s led to a director job with the BBC. His productions included Brendan Behan's play The Hostage. He also directed The Late Late Show for RTE in Ireland. Keating directed television programmes and was formerly a tutor at the Bil Keating Centre teaching television production.
# Riyadh railway station

Riyadh railway station is one of the two main railway stations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the other being Riyadh North Station. It is located in the Sinaiyah Qadeem district, and is the western terminus of the Dammam–Riyadh line.
The station was designed by Italian architect Lucio Barbera in 1978 and was opened for public service in 1981. The station's design was inspired by the architecture of some mosques along the Mediterranean Sea. The building comprises the main lobby from which extends two wings. The wings, enclose the railway platforms. The roof is made from prefabricated, pre-stressed beams. The exterior is clad in local limestone. The style and decoration of the building use elements such as triangular openings to construct windows, arcades and parapets with rectangular steps, elements bearing a resemblance to Nejd architecture but also common in other Arab architecture. The station includes a main concourse, ticket area, and platform area.
The stations in Riyadh, Dammam, and Hofuf were all designed by Lucio Barbera and share similar design.
# Boglewice

Boglewice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jasieniec, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Grójec and 46 km (29 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Poki

Poki may refer to:
* Kade Poki (born 1988), New Zealand rugby union player
* Poki language, a West Chadic language of Bauchi State, Nigeria
* Poki Ng (born 1991), Hong Kong singer in the boy band Error
* Pokimane (born 1996), Moroccan-Canadian internet personality
* Poki, a computer poker player developed at the University of Alberta
* Poki.com, a video game website from the Netherlands
# Reshma Rathod

Reshma Subhash Rathod (born 31 December 2001) is an Indian kho kho player from Maharashtra. She plays for the India women's national kho kho team as an allrounder. She was part of the Indian women’s team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup held at New Delhi in January 2025.

## Early life and education

Rathod is from Badlapur village, Thane district, Maharashtra. Her father Subhash Rathod is a truck driver and her mother, Ghanubai, is a housewife. She is the youngest of five siblings. She did her graduation at Ulhasnagar's SST College of Arts and Commerce. In 2010, she started playing kho kho while studying Class 5. In 2024, she bagged a government job at Nashik in sports quota.

## Career

Rathod was part of the Indian women's team that won the first Kho Kho World Cup at New Delhi in January 2025. The Indian team defeated South Korea, IR Iran and Malaysia in the group stages, Bangladesh in quarterfinals and South Africa in semifinals. They defeated Nepal 78-40 in the final.
She first represented Maharashtra in a big tournament, the Under 14 National tournament in Maharashtra when she was in Class 8, where she wore shoes in a match for the first time and played on a mat. Later on, she received Khelo India scholarship of Rs.10,000 per month for five years, which helped her family and supported her in the sport.
# Nico Diederichs

Nicolaas Johannes "Nico" Diederichs, DMS (17 November 1903 – 21 August 1978) served as the third state president of South Africa from 1975 to 1978.

## Education and career

After completing school, he attended Grey University College between 1921 and 1925 where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts (Dutch & Ethics) and Master of Arts (Philosophy).$^{:1}$ As an economist, he educated himself overseas at universities in Munich, Cologne, Berlin and Leiden, obtaining a doctorate from the University of Leiden and a D.Litt degree.$^{:1}$ Resuming a career in South Africa, he became a lecturer and later a professor at the University of the Orange Free State, in Political Science and Philosophy.$^{:1}$ During the 1930s and 1940s, he became a prominent figure in Afrikaner nationalist circles. He founded the Reddingsdaadbond organisation to promote the economic wellbeing of Afrikaners.$^{:1}$
After visiting the country in 1938, Diederichs became a staunch admirer of Nazi Germany.

## Political career

Diederichs was a National Party member of Parliament from 1953 to 1975. He served as Minister of Economic Affairs from 1958 to 1967, as Minister of Mines from 1961 to 1964, and as Minister of Finance from 1967 to 1975.$^{:2}$ In the latter capacity he became known as "Mr Gold".$^{:3}$ He served as the first chancellor of the Rand Afrikaans University$^{:5}$ and ceremonial State President of South Africa from 1975 until his death, after a short illness, of a heart attack on 21 August 1978 in Cape Town.

## Honours

Diederichs was honoured with medals from various countries. he was awarded a gold medal from the City of Paris (1971), made a Knight of the Greater Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1973, and an Order of Merit from Paraguay in 1974.$^{:4}$ He was awarded honorary doctoral degrees from the University of the Orange Free State and the University of Stellenbosch.$^{:4}$
* Decoration for Meritorious Services

### Depiction on coins

He is depicted on the obverses of the 1979 coins of the South African rand from 1/2 cent to 1 rand, which were struck as a memorial commemorative series.

## Publications by Nicolaas Diederichs (selection)

* Nicolaas Diederichs: Vom Leiden und Dulden. Bonn, 1930. (Dissertation Leiden University)
* N. Diederichs: Die Volkebond, sy ontstaan, samestelling en werksaamhede. Pretoria, 1933
* N. Diederichs: Nasionalisme as lewensbeskouing en sy verhouding tot internasionalisme. Bloemfontein, 1936