OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martin Gusinde

Martín Gusinde (29 October 1886, in Breslau – 10 October 1969, in Mödling, Austria) was an Austrian priest and ethnologist famous for his work in anthropology, particularly on the native groups of Tierra del Fuego. He was one of the most notable anthropologists in Chile in the first half of the 20th century, together with Max Uhle and Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro.

## Career

In 1900, Martin Gusinde joined the missionary order Divine Word Missionaries. He began higher studies in 1905 in St. Gabriel in Mödling, near Vienna. After ordination in 1911, Gusinde went to Chile. He worked as a teacher from 1912 to the end of 1913 and subsequently at the Ethnographic Museum in Santiago de Chile with Max Uhle until 1922, becoming a head of department in 1918.
Gusinde undertook four research journeys to Tierra del Fuego between the end of 1918 and 1924. The objective was to explore the different groups of Tierra del Fuegan people, the Yamana and Selkʼnam (also known as Ona), who had been displaced by immigrants and severely depleted by imported diseases for which they lacked natural resistance. He stayed in Tierra del Fuego for 22 months in total. He was allowed to participate in the initiation rites of the groups he studied. On behalf of the Berlin Phonogram Archive, he recorded the songs and chants of the indigenous peoples; these are the sole surviving audio recordings of the Tierra del Fuegan people.
In 1926 Gusinde, gained a doctorate in anthropology at the University of Vienna. Together with Ferdinand Hestermann, he edited and helped arrange for publication in 1933 of a Yamana-English dictionary, based on an 1879 manuscript by Rev. Thomas Bridges, an Anglican missionary at Ushuaia. This was later reprinted in Buenos Aires in 1987, and in a paperback edition in 2011.
During the mid-1930s, he studied the pygmies in the Congo.
Between 1949 and 1957, Gusinde served as a professor at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. He undertook an expedition to the Ayom pygmies in New Guinea in 1956. From 1959 to 1960 he taught at Nanzan University in Nagoya, Japan.
He ended his career in research, lecturing and teaching activities at the Mission St. Gabriel in Maria Enzersdorf, Vienna. Martín Gusinde died in Mödling on 10 October 1969.

## Legacy

In Puerto Williams, Chile, the Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum was erected in his honour, which records his work with the Tierra del Fuego people. He is also honoured in the placenames, Padre Martin Gusinde street in Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile and Martin-Gusinde-Gasse in Maria Enzersdorf, Austria.

## Decorations and awards

* 1952: Karl Renner Prize
* 1958: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
* 1966: Grand Silver Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
* Honorary Ring of Vienna
# Rita Ellis (politician)

Rita Ellis (born c. 1950) was the first woman elected as mayor of Delray Beach, Florida, USA. She was elected to a two-year term in 2007 but did not seek re-election in 2009 for health reasons. Ellis had served as a city commissioner in seat one for Delray Beach from 2005 to 2007; she ran for this seat unopposed.
In 2009, Ellis was given the key to the city of Delray Beach.
# Yuval Rozman

Yuval Rozman (Hebrew: יובל רוזמן; born 1984) is an Israeli actor, playwright, director, and theatre director, living in France.

## Youth and arrival to France

Rozman was born in 1984 in Tel Aviv into a left-wing religious Jewish family. He wrote his first play at the age of 18. Yuval Rozman trained at the Tel Aviv Conservatory. He deserted the Israeli army during his military service while deployed in Gaza. His 2010 play, Cabaret Voltaire, featuring Palestinian actor Mohammad Bakri, received numerous awards in Israel. He was opposed to Benjamin Netanyahu's policies and expressed this in his plays. In 2012, he decided to leave Israel for France.

## Career

His plays focus on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the issue of homosexuality, among other topics, but are not limited to these themes. In 2017, he presented Tunnel Boring Machine, a comedy exploring the journey of a Palestinian and an Israeli in the Gaza tunnels. On 26 November 2019, he visited the Valenciennes hospital center to read his texts and engage with patients.
In 2018, he directed HATE with Lætitia Dosch. In 2020, Yuval Rozman directed The Jewish Hour, a reflection on Jewish identity. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the project, but he still won the Impatience Prize. Regarding this play, he stated, "It was in France that I discovered I was Jewish".
After the start of the Gaza war, a performance of The Jewish Hour was canceled following the 2023 Brussels shooting. Speaking about the war, Yuval Rozman said in the media: "On one hand, of course, condemn Hamas, terrorism, and all its horrors directed not against the Israeli people, but against Jews, and at the same time, acknowledge that there is a responsibility of the Israeli government, that there is still an occupation, Israeli war crimes". In 2023, he presented a new play, Ahouvi, about the romantic relationship between an Israeli woman and a Frenchman.

## Works

* 2005 :Sous un ciel bleu et des nuages blancs
* 2010 :Cabaret Voltaire
* 2015 : Un Album
* 2017 :Tunnel Boring Machine
* 2018 : HATE
* 2021 :The Jewish Hour
* 2023 :Ahouvi
# Helmuth M. Backhaus

Helmuth M. Backhaus (1920–1989) was a German actor, screenwriter and film director.

## Selected filmography
### Screenwriter

* Love on Ice (1950)
* Czardas of Hearts (1951)
* The Model Husband (1956)
* At Green Cockatoo by Night (1957)
* The Schimeck Family (1957)
* The Star of Santa Clara (1958)
* The Csardas King (1958)
* The Night Before the Premiere (1959)
* Yes, Women are Dangerous (1960)
* The White Horse Inn (1960)
* The Adventures of Count Bobby (1961)

### Director

* Apartmentzauber (1963)
* If You Go Swimming in Tenerife (1964)
* The Bandits of the Rio Grande (1965)

### Actor

* Weekend in Paradise (1952)
* That Can Happen to Anyone (1952)
* Scandal at the Girls' School (1953)
# Constantine Opos (megas doux)

Constantine Opos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ὤπος) was a notable Byzantine general and aristocrat in the first half of the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118). He participated in the wars against the Normans and the Seljuk Turks, eventually reaching the rank of megas doux (commander-in-chief of the Byzantine navy).

## Biography

Constantine Opos first appears in the Alexiad in 1081, during Alexios's campaign against the Normans of Robert Guiscard, leading the tagma of the Exkoubitoi. The campaign ended in the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Dyrrhachium on 18 October 1081, which effectively shattered the last remains of the old-established regiments of the middle Byzantine army. The Exkoubitoi are never heard from again; their remnants were probably disbanded, marking the end of this historic unit, which had been founded as an elite imperial bodyguard by Emperor Leo I the Thracian (r. 457–474).
In 1090, Opos was subordinate to the admiral Constantine Dalassenos during the siege of the island of Chios, held by the forces of the Turkish emir Tzachas of Smyrna. Hoping to prevent Tzachas from crossing over from the mainland with reinforcements and relieve the siege, Dalassenos sent Opos with part of the fleet to interdict the crossing of the Chios Strait. Opos indeed encountered Tzachas's fleet attempting to cross during night, but, according to the Alexiad, as the emir had had his ships chained together, Opos feared to engage them and retreated to the Byzantine camp.
In 1092, he was charged with retaking the town of Cyzicus on the Marmara Sea, after a previous Byzantine naval expedition under Alexander Euphorbenos had failed. Opos led his forces overland to Cyzicus, and successfully stormed the town. He then dispatched troops that took Poimanenon before marching to Apollonias. He laid siege to the city, but soon the Turkish emir, Elchanes, surrendered it and his family to him.
By 1094, when he is attested in the synod that condemned Leo of Chalcedon, Opos had risen to the dignity of protoproedros. From a seal we know that he later rose further to protonobelissimos, and in a manuscript that belonged to him, he is finally recorded as megas doux. Opos is last attested in 1097, during the First Crusade, when he was tasked with preventing the forces of a certain count, Raoul, from crossing the Bosporus, and even engaged in battle with the Crusaders.
# Theodore Parsakoutenos

Theodore Parsakoutenos (Greek: Θεόδωρος Παρσακουτηνός) was a Byzantine general in the 960s and nephew of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas.

## Life

The family's surname (erroneously spelled Παρσακουντηνός, Parsakountenos, in some manuscripts) derives from the locality of "Parsakoute" (Παρσακούτη). His father, Theodoulos Parsakoutenos, married a lady from the mighty clan of the Phokades, apparently a daughter of the general Bardas Phokas the Elder, father of the general and future emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (reigned 963–969). Theodore had two (probably younger) brothers, Bardas and Nikephoros.
Theodore is first mentioned in 962, at which time he held the rank of patrikios and the post of strategos of an unnamed theme. He undertook a raid into the Hamdanid domains around Manbij with a force of 1,000 (according to Abu Firas) or 1,300 (according to Ibn Zafir) riders. The local Hamdanid governor, Abu Firas, led out a force of 70 soldiers with which he defeated a detachment of Theodore's men, recovering the plunder they had taken, but on his return to Manbij, Abu Firas was captured and brought as a prisoner to Constantinople. Theodore tried to have his prisoner, a cousin of the Hamdanid emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, exchanged for his father and one of his brothers, captured at Hadath in 954, but apparently without success until 966, when Abu Firas and other Arab captives were exchanged for Byzantines held by the Hamdanids.
Shortly after, in December 962, Nikephoros Phokas, then still commander-in-chief (Domestic of the Schools) of the Byzantine army, advanced on Aleppo, taking over the lower town but not the citadel, which continued to resist. Theodore is possibly identifiable as the unnamed nephew of Phokas who on his own initiative attacked the citadel, but was killed by a Daylamite soldier. When his severed head was brought to Phokas, the latter reportedly beheaded 1,200 Arab prisoners.
If he was not killed in 962, then he likely participated along with his brothers in the failed rebellion of their cousin Bardas Phokas the Younger in 970 against John I Tzimiskes (r. 969–976). The Parsakoutenoi tried to drum up support for Phokas at Caesarea, but abandoned him as soon as the imperial army under Bardas Skleros drew near.
# Violet

Violet goes to school and she is friends with Arielle, Ava, Sarah, and More!
Violet may refer to:

## Examples

* Violet (color), a spectral color with wavelengths shorter than blue
* One of a list of plants known as violet, particularly:
** Viola (plant), a genus of flowering plants

## Places
### United States

* Violet, Louisiana
* Violet, Missouri
* Violet, Texas
* Violet, West Virginia

### Elsewhere

* Violet, Ontario, Canada

## Media and entertainment
### Film

* Violet (1921 film), a German silent film
* Violet (1978 film), a Croatian feature film
* Violet (1981 film), a short film
* Violet (2000 film), a Canadian comedy film directed by Rosemary House
* Violet (2014 film), a Dutch film
* Violet (2021 film), an American drama film

### Music
#### Albums

* Violet (The Birthday Massacre album), 2004
* Violet (Closterkeller album), 1993
* Violet, a 2018 EP by Pentagon
* Violet (L.S. Dunes album), 2025

#### Songs

* "Violet" (Daniel Caesar song), 2015
* "Violet" (Hole song), 1995
* "Violet" (Seal song), 1992
* "Violet", a 2017 song by Pentagon from Demo_02
* "Violet", a 1996 song by Joe Morris from Elsewhere

### Other uses

* Violet (opera), a 2005 opera by Roger Scruton
* Violet (musical), by Jeanine Tesori
* Violet (computer game), a 2008 interactive fiction game
* Pokémon Violet, one of the two paired Pokémon Scarlet and Violet games for the Nintendo Switch
* Violet, the codename for Kasumi Yoshizawa, a character from Persona 5

## People

* Violet (given name), a female given name
* Arlene Violet, American nun and Attorney General
* Pierre-Noël Violet, Flemish-French miniature-painter
* Terri Violet, American politician
* Tessa Violet, American singer-songwriter

## Other uses

* NYU Violets, the teams of New York University
* Sea violet, Microcosmus sabatieri, a species of edible Mediterranean tunicate
# Crossroads, Western Cape

Crossroads is a high-density township in the Western Cape, South Africa.
It is situated near Cape Town International Airport and borders Nyanga, Philippi, Heideveld, Gugulethu and Mitchells Plain. Crossroads is one of greater Cape Town's largest townships.

## History

The establishment of Crossroads as a settlement began in the 1970s when workers from a nearby farm were told to leave and move to 'the crossroads'. By the year of 1977 a survey indicated that a total of 18,000 people were living at Crossroads.
An added motivation for the initial settlers in what was then unsettled Cape Flats Dune Strandveld was the opportunity for families to build individual, more respectable homes than the hostels of Gugulethu allowed for. Since the Apartheid authorities considered the settlement temporary, orders to evict and dismantle it were issued in 1975. In 1978, Prime Minister P.W. Botha had led a campaign to demolish Crossroads. Amid significant opposition, Botha and his minister for Black affairs Piet Koornhof agreed to "indefinitely delay" the demolitions.
Opposition came from Men's Committee and a Women's Committee that had been formed to oppose the order as well as the Black Sash. The Women's Committee was particularly successful at organising and gaining support from within and from outside of the community. In 1978 Crossroads was declared an 'emergency camp' thereby obliging the City Council to supply basic municipal services. Once Crossroads had been declared a legal settlement by the government they began to focus on dismantling the rapidly growing informal settlements in the surrounding area. The government's focus on destroying these settlements was driven by a desire to neutralise the threat the government faced in the wake of 1976 Soweto uprisings.
From this group of activists the Development Action Group was established in 1986. A non-governmental organisation that a former mayor of Cape Town, Nomaindia Mfeketo, used to work for prior to becoming mayor.
Although the 'Save Crossroads' campaign was successful violence broke out within the community due to a feud between supporters of the then head of the residents committee Johnson Ngxobongwana, and those who accused him of favouritism and rewarding his henchmen.
By 1983 the violence in Crossroads began to spread into the neighboring areas of KTC and Nyanga. Older Crossroads residents resented the rising influence of the United Democratic Front (UDF) and in response a group of these residents formed an organisation known as the 'witdoeke' (white armbands) and allied with the police to suppress the UDF.
The 'witdoeke' attacked neighbouring townships and set fire to all the shanty settlements in old Crossroads thereby leaving 60,000 people homeless. As a result, some residents moved to a tented town near Site C in Khayelitsha to avoid the violence.
# Hurt You (Toni Braxton and Babyface song)

"Hurt You" is a song by American singers Toni Braxton and Babyface. It was written by Braxton and Babyface along with Daryl Simmons and Antonio Dixon for their collaborative studio album Love, Marriage & Divorce (2014), while Babyface helmed production. The song was released on August 17, 2013, as the lead single from the album. It topped the US Adult R&B Songs and was ranked fifth on the chart's year-end listing.

## Background

In early February 2013, Braxton appeared on Good Morning America and The Wendy Williams Show to promote her new movie role in the Lifetime Movie Twist of Faith, also confirming the rumors of her retirement, revealing that she was retiring from music and stating that she would like to focus on acting: "I have to do shows here and there, but I'm not gonna do any albums, I'm falling out of love with it, it's weird. I don't know what to say when I hear songs. They don't impact me. I've been trying to listen to songs, record companies have been calling me, so it's a good situation to be in, but I'm not really interested at all". Months later in June 2013, Braxton announced that she was returning to music with a Summer Tour and that she was in the studio working on her eighth studio album after a number of singers and friends including Anita Baker, Prince, and Missy Elliott had reached out to her not to retire the music business.

## Commercial performance

"Hurt You" debuted at number 17 on the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart on September 7, 2013, later rising to the number 1 spot on December 14, 2013, for four weeks. The song spent 41 weeks on the Adult R&B Songs chart before exiting the Top 20 Chart. This marked Braxton's seventh chart topper on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release "Just Be a Man About It." The song also hit number 16 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip Hop Airplay chart.

## Music video

The music video for "Hurt You" was directed by Norwegian director Ray Kay. It premiered on October 11, 2013, on Braxton and Babyface's joint Vevo account on YouTube. The video is a representation of the track that tells about the hardships of being in a relationship. The clip opens up with Braxton and Babyface in two different rooms, which are separated by a wall. They both manage to break through the wall to express their desire to start all over again.

## Promotion

Braxton and Babyface appeared on The Arsenio Hall Show on November 22, 2013, performing "Hurt You." They also appeared on The Steve Harvey Morning Show on February 3, 2014, and The Ellen Degeneres Show on May 9, 2014, also performing "Hurt You."

## Track listing

Digital single
* "Hurt You" – 4:11

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love, Marriage & Divorce.
* Paul Boutin – mixing, recording
* Toni Braxton – vocals, writer
* Antonio Dixon – writer
* Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds – guitar, producer, vocals, writer
* Daryl Simmons – vocal producer, writer
# John O'Connor (Australian cricketer)

John O'Connor (19 August 1868 – 2 February 1952) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1896 and 1897.
# Dessert bar

Dessert bars or simply bars or squares are a type of American "bar cookie" that has the texture of a firm cake or softer than usual cookie. They are prepared in a pan and then baked in the oven. They are cut into squares or rectangles. They are staples of bake sales and are often made for birthdays. They are especially popular during the holidays, but many people eat them all year. Many coffee shops and bakeries also offer the treats. Popular flavors include peanut butter bars, lemon bars, chocolate coconut bars, pineapple bars, apple bars, almond bars, toffee bars, chocolate cheesecake bars and the seven-layer bar. In addition to sugar, eggs, butter, flour and milk, common ingredients are chocolate chips, nuts, raspberry jam, coconut, cocoa powder, graham cracker, pudding, mini-marshmallows and peanut butter. More exotic bars can be made with ingredients including sour cream, rhubarb, pretzels, candies, vanilla, raisins, and pumpkin. The Nanaimo bar is a bar dessert that requires no baking and is named after the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia.
The seven-layer bar variant, which is also called the "magic bar", "Hello Dolly bar", or "coconut dream bar", generally contains a graham cracker base, butter, condensed milk, coconut flakes, chocolate chips, butterscotch chips, and chopped nuts. The recipe dates back at least to the mid-1960s, when early published recipes appear; the name "Hello Dolly" appears to refer to the musical Hello Dolly, though the reason for the connection is unclear.
In parts of Canada, dessert bars are called "dainties" and typically include unique staples of Canadian cuisine such as Nanaimo bars, butter tarts, and confetti squares.
Popular belief holds that lemon squares originated in Trinidad and Tobago.

## Commercial variants

In 1993, Betty Crocker added two new varieties to the four existing Supreme Dessert Bar line of baking mixes it introduced in 1992. The two new flavors, M&Ms Cookie Bars and Raspberry Bars, joined lemon bars, chocolate peanut butter bars and caramel oatmeal bars. In 2004, Krusteaz added a line of dessert bars to its selection of quick and easy baked goods. The U.S. Navy SEAL Guide to Fitness and Nutrition includes numerous bars in its "lightweight menus".
# Maha Al-Shehhi

Maha Al-Shehhi is an Emirati swimmer. She competed in the Women's 200 metre freestyle at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Maha Al Shehhi finished 28th in the women's 200-metre freestyle heats at the Paris Olympics and clocked a time of 2.17.17 in the event. She managed to break her previous personal record of 2:17.37 by 0.20 seconds.
# Qingdao Port

The Port of Qingdao is a seaport on the Yellow Sea in the vicinity of Qingdao (Tsingtao), Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. It is one of the ten busiest ports in the world (7th in 2019, considering total cargo volume).
Qingdao Port consists of four areas, which are often themselves referred to as ports due to their size: Dagang port area, Qianwan port area, Huangdong oil port area (for oil tankers), and Dongjiakou (Chinese: 董家口) port area, the latter being located 40 kilometres south of Qingdao city.
Including the Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal and the Qingdao Cosport International Container Terminal, which are located in different areas, Qingdao also has a large terminal for handling iron ore.

## History

In 2011, the Qingdao Port, together with three other Chinese ports in East China's Shandong Province, signed a strategic alliance with the largest port of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The alliance included Shandong's Qingdao Port, Port of Yantai, Port of Rizhao, Port of Weihai, and the ROK's Port of Busan and aimed to build a shipping and logistics center in Northeast Asia.
In May, 2014, Qingdao Port International Co. Ltd. announced it was seeking to raise up to US$377 million in a Hong Kong initial public offering.
In August 2014, it was revealed that the firm was involved in two lawsuits with the global warehousing firm Pacorini Logistics, claiming a total of $58.4 million in damages. This followed a lawsuit the firm had already been subject to from CITIC Resources.
The port is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to Singapore, towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa; from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal and to the Mediterranean; and from there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with connections to Central Europe and the North Sea.
A world's first suspended monorail capable of carrying fully loaded 20' and 40' containers has been under construction since 2020 at the Port of Qingdao, the first phase of which was put into operation in 2021.