# List of icebreakers

This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.

## Argentina

* ARA General San Martín (1954–1982)
* ARA Almirante Irízar (1978–2007, 2017–)
* ARA Bahía Paraíso (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
* A new icebreaking Antarctic logistics vessel is planned to enter service in the late 2020s.

## Australia

* Aurora Australis (1990–2020; decommissioned)
* Nuyina (2021–)

## Austria

* Eisvogel (1955–)
* Röthelstein (1995–)

## Azerbaijan

* Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)

## Canada
### Canadian Coast Guard

* CGS Northern Light (1876–1890; sold)
* CGS Stanley (1888–1935; broken up)
* CGS Minto (1899–1915; sold to Russia)
* CGS Montcalm (1904–1942; sold to Russia)
* CGS Earl Grey (1909–1914; sold to Russia)
* CGS Mikula (1916; 1923–1937; ex-J.D. Hazen, ex-Mikula Seleaninovich; broken up)
* CCGS Saurel (1929–1967; broken up)
* CCGS N.B. McLean (1930–1979; broken up)
* CCGS Ernest Lapointe (1939–1978; museum ship)
* CCGS C.D. Howe (1950–1969; sold to private company)
* CCGS D'Iberville (1952–1983; broken up)
* CCGS Labrador (1954–1987; broken up)
* CCGS Montcalm (1957–1988; broken up)
* CCGS Sir William Alexander (1959–1989; CCGS William since 1987; sold to private company)
* CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1959–2001; sold to private company)
* CCGS Alexander Henry (1959–1984; museum ship)
* CCGS Camsell (1959–1988; broken up)
* CCGS Wolfe (1959–1988; broken up)
* CCGS Tupper (1959–1997; sold to private company)
* CCGS John A. Macdonald (1960–1991; broken up)
* CCGS John Cabot (1965–1994; sold to private company)
* CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers (1969–1993; sold to Chile)
* CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent (1969–)
* CCGS Griffon (1970–)
* Pierre Radisson class
** CCGS Pierre Radisson (1977–)
** CCGS Amundsen (1979–)
** CCGS Des Groseilliers (1982–)
** CCGS Henry Larsen (1987–)
* Samuel Risley class
** CCGS Samuel Risley (1985–)
** CCGS Earl Grey (1986–)
* Martha L. Black class
** CCGS Martha L. Black (1986–)
** CCGS George R. Pearkes (1986–)
** CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1986–)
** CCGS Kopit Hopson 1752 (1986–; ex-Edward Cornwallis)
** CCGS Sir William Alexander (1987–)
** CCGS Ann Harvey (1987–)
* CCGS Terry Fox (1991–)
* Interim icebreakers
** CCGS Captain Molly Kool (2019–; ex-Vidar Viking)
** CCGS Jean Goodwill (2022–; ex-Balder Viking)
** CCGS Vincent Massey (2023–; ex-Tor Viking)
** CCGS Judy LaMarsh (2023–; ex-Mangystau-2)
* New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy
** sixteen multi-purpose vessels
** six medium-sized "program icebreakers"
** two polar icebreakers
*** CCGS Arpatuuq (2030– (planned))
*** CCGS Imnaryuaq (2032– (planned))
** two modified Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels
*** CCGS Donjek Glacier (2026– (planned); under construction)
*** CCGS Sermilik Glacier (2027– (planned); under construction)

### Royal Canadian Navy

* HMCS Labrador (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard)
* Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel
** HMCS Harry DeWolf (2021–)
** HMCS Margaret Brooke (2022–)
** HMCS Max Bernays (2024–)
** HMCS William Hall (2024–)
** HMCS Frédérick Rolette (delivered)
** HMCS Robert Hampton Gray (under construction)

### Commercial

* Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
* Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
* Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
* Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
* Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
* Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
* Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
* Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
* Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
* Arcticaborg (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)

## China
### State Oceanic Administration
#### Polar Research Institute of China

* Xuě Lóng (雪龙; "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
* Xuě Lóng 2 (雪龙2; "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–)

#### North Sea Branch

* Ji Di (极地; "Polar") (2024–)

### People's Liberation Army Navy

* Type 071 icebreaker
** Haibing 722 (海冰722; "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; ex-C722, ex-Haibing 101; in reserve)
** Haibing 721 (海冰721; "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; ex-C721, ex-Haibing 102; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
* Type 210 icebreaker
** Haibing 723 (海冰723; "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; ex-C723; transferred to the China Marine Surveillance)
* Type 272 icebreaker
** Haibing 722 (海冰722; "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
** Haibing 723 (海冰723; "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

### China Marine Surveillance

* Haijian 111 (海监111; "Marine Surveillance 111") (2012–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)

### China Coast Guard

* Donghai 519 (东海519; "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721, ex-C721, ex-Haibing 102)
* Haijing 6401 (海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haijing 1411, ex-Haijian 111, ex-Haibing 723)

### Sun Yat-sen University

* Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di (中山大学极地; "Sun Yat-sen University Polar") (2021–; ex-Beijing Ocean Leader, ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk)

### Chinese Academy of Sciences

* Tan Suo San Hao (探索三号; "Discovery Three") (2024–)

### Other

* Bin Hai 293 (滨海293; "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)
* Beijing Ocean Leader (北京号破冰船) (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)

## Chile
### Chilean Navy

* Piloto Pardo (1959–1997; sold to private company)
* Almirante Óscar Viel (1995–2019; ex-Norman McLeod Rogers; decommissioned and later sunk as target)
* Almirante Viel (2024–)

## Denmark

* Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
* Isbjørn (1923–1965)
* Lillebjørn (1926–1968)
* Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)
* Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)
* Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)
* Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)
* Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)

## Estonia
### Estonian Maritime Museum

* Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

### Estonian Maritime Administration

* Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
* EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland and converted for icebreaking)

### Port of Tallinn

* Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
* Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

## Finland
### State-owned icebreakers
#### Steam-powered

* Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
* Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
* Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
* Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
* Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
* Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
* Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations)
* Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations)

#### Diesel-electric

* Sisu (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy)
* Voima (1954–)
* Karhu class
** Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
** Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
** Sampo (1961–1987; sold to the city of Kemi)
* Tarmo class
** Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
** Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
** Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
* Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
* Urho class
** Urho (1975–)
** Sisu (1976–)
* Otso class
** Otso (1986–)
** Kontio (1987–)
* Multipurpose icebreakers
** Fennica (1993–)
** Nordica (1994–)
** Botnica (1998–2012; sold to Estonia)
* Polaris (2016–)
* A new icebreaker is expected to enter service in 2028.

### Finnish Navy

* Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
* Louhi (2011–)

### Alfons Håkans

* Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
* Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold to Russia)

### City of Kemi

* Sampo (1987–)

### City of Helsinki

* Otso (1936–1970s; sold)
* Turso (1944–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations)
* Teuvo (1975–1985; sold)

## France
### French Navy

* L'Astrolabe (2017–)

### Compagnie du Ponant

* Le Commandant Charcot (2021–)

### Other

* L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold to private company)

## Germany
### Historical

* Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
* Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
* Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
* Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
* Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
* Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
* Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
* Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

### Alfred-Wegener-Institut

* Polarstern (1982–)
* New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2030.

### Other

* Eisvogel class
** Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
** Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
* Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
* Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)
* Neuwerk (1997–)
* Arkona (2004–)

## Italy

* Laura Bassi (2019–)

## Japan
### Imperial Japanese Navy

* Ōtomari (1921–1945)

### Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

* Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
* Shirase (1981–2008; sold to private company)
* Shirase (2008–)

### Japan Coast Guard

* Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
* Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
* Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

### Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

* Mirai II (2027– (planned); under construction)

## Kazakhstan

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:
* Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
* Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
* Tulpar (2002–)
* Mangystau-class icebreaking tugs
** Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
** Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
** Mangystau-3 (2011–)
** Mangystau-4 (2011–)
** Mangystau-5 (2011–)

### Kazakhstani Coast Guard

* Kazhymukan (2016–)

### Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

* Ledokol-2 (1984–)

## Latvia

* Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
* Varma (1994–)
* Foros (2013–2024; ex-Fobos; sold to private company)

## Netherlands
### Greenpeace

* Arctic Sunrise (1995–)

### Other

* Nabil (completed but not delivered to Russia due to sanctions)

## Norway

* NoCGV Svalbard (2001–)
* Kronprins Haakon (2018–)
* Polar Circle (2022–2024; sold to Sweden)

## Poland

* Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
* Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

## Russia
### Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

#### Nuclear-powered icebreakers

* Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
* Arktika class
** Arktika (1975–2008; ex-Leonid Brezhnev, ex-Arktika; decommissioned)
** Sibir (1977–1992; decommissioned)
** Rossiya (1985–2013; decommissioned)
** Sovetskiy Soyuz (1990–2014; decommissioned)
** Yamal (1992–)
** 50 Let Pobedy (2007–)
* Taymyr class
** Taymyr (1989–)
** Vaygach (1990–)
* Project 22220
** Arktika (2020–)
** Sibir (2021–)
** Ural (2022–)
** Yakutiya (2024–)
** Chukotka (2026– (planned); under construction)
** Leningrad (2028– (planned); under construction)
** Stalingrad (2030– (planned); ordered)
* Project 10510
** Rossiya (2030– (planned); under construction)

#### Diesel-powered icebreakers

* Wind class
** Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
** Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
** Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
* Kapitan Belousov class
** Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)
** Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)
** Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)
* Moskva class
** Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)
** Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)
** Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)
** Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)
** Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)
* Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
** Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up)
** Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1992; ex-Ledokol-2; passed over to Ukraine)
** Khariton Laptev (1962–1996; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up)
** Vasiliy Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up)
** Yerofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up)
** Ivan Kruzenstern (1964–; ex-Ledokol-6)
** Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up)
** Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; broken up)
** Yuriy Lisyanskiy (1965–2021; ex-Ledokol-9; to be broken up)
** Fyodor Litke (1970–2013; broken up)
** Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up)
** Semyon Dezhnev (1971–)
* Ermak class
** Ermak (1974–2021; broken up)
** Admiral Makarov (1975–)
** Krasin (1976–)
* Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
** Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
** Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
** Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
* Kapitan Sorokin class
** Kapitan Sorokin (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
** Kapitan Nikolaev (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
** Kapitan Dranitsyn (1980–)
** Kapitan Khlebnikov (1981–)
* Kapitan Chechkin class
** Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
** Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
** Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
** Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
** Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
** Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
* Mudyug class
** Mudyug (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986)
** Magadan (1982–)
** Dikson (1983–)
* Kapitan Evdokimov class
** Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
** Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
** Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
** Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
** Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
** Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
** Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
** Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
* Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)
* Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
* Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
* Project 21900
** Moskva (2008–)
** Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
* Project 21900M
** Vladivostok (2015–)
** Murmansk (2015–)
** Novorossiysk (2016–)
* Ob (2019–)
* Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
* Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)
* Project 21900M2
** Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (construction stopped as of 2021)
** Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (current estimate); under construction)
* Project 23620
** Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered)
** Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered)
* Project 22740M
** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)
** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)

#### Steam-powered icebreakers

* Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
* Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)
* Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)
* Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)
* Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)
* Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
* Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)
* Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)
* Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)
* A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
* Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
* Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
* Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
* Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
* Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
* Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
* Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
* Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
* Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)
* Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)
* Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)
* Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)
* Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)
* Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)
* Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
* Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
* Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
* Toros (1929–1964)
* Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
* Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
* Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
* A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
* Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
* Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
* Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
* Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)
* Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

### Other icebreaking vessels
#### Rescue and salvage vessels

* Stroptivyy class
** Stroptivyy (1979–1992; sold to private company and later broken up)
** Spravedlivyy (1980–)
** Stakhanovets (1980–2012; laid up)
** Suvorovets (1980–)
** Sibirskiy (1980–)
** Fobos (1983–2014; sold to Latvia)
** Deimos (1983–2002; sold to private company and later broken up)
* Baltika (2014–)
* Project MPSV06
** Beringov Proliv (2015–)
** Murman (2015–)
** Kerchenskiy Proliv (2024– (latest estimate); under construction)
* Project MPSV06M
** Pevek (2026– (current estimate); under construction)
** Anadyr (under construction)
* Boris Lavrov (2024– (original plan); under construction)

#### Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:
* Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Canmar Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
* Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo, ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
* Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)
* Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)
* SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
* SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
* SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
* SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
* Polar Pevek (2006–2022)
* Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
* Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
* Toboy (2008–)
* Varandey (2008–)
* Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)
* Vitus Bering (2012–)
* Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
* Aleut (2015–)
* Pomor (2016–)
* Normann (2016–)
* Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
* Stepan Makarov (2017–)
* Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
* Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
* Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)
* Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)
* Arcticaborg (2019–)
* Katerina Velikaya (under construction)
* Svyataya Mariya (under construction)
* Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)
* Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)
In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:
* Arctic (2012–)
* Antarctic (2017–)
* Polar (2021–)
* Polus (2021–)

#### Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:
* Purga (1957–1990)
* Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) and its variants
** Dobronya Nikitich (1960–1998; broken up)
** Purga (1961–2012; broken up)
** Vyuga (1962–1991; broken up)
** Ilya Muromets (1965–1993; broken up)
** Buran (1966–)
** Sadko (1968–2022; expended as target)
** Peresvet (1970–2011; broken up)
** Ivan Susanin class (Project 97P)
*** Ivan Susanin (1973–)
*** Aysberg (1974–2006; broken up)
*** Ruslan (1975–)
*** Anadyr (1976–2019; ex-Dnepr, ex-Imeni XXV syezda KPSS; broken up)
*** Dunay (1977–2017; broken up)
*** Neva (1978–)
*** Volga (1980–)
*** Murmansk (1981–2013; ex-Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS, ex-Irtysh; broken up)
* Ilya Muromets (2017–)
* Project 21180M
** Evpatiy Kolovrat (2024–)
** Svyatogor (2027– (planned); under construction)
* Project 23550
** Ivan Papanin (2025– (current estimate); under construction)
** Nikolay Zubov (2024– (original plan); under construction)
** Purga (2024– (original plan); under construction)
** Dzerzhinsky (under construction)

#### Research and survey vessels

* Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) variants
** Pyotr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; ex-Mendeleev, ex-Ledokol-10; broken up)
** Georgiy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up)
** Vladimir Kavrayskiy (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks PKZ-86)
** Otto Schmidt (1979–1991; broken up)
* Mikhail Somov (1975–)
* Akademik Fedorov (1987–)
* Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–)
* Ivan Frolov (2028– (planned); under construction)

## South Africa

* S. A. Agulhas (1977–2012; retired from Antarctic service and used as a training ship)
* S. A. Agulhas II (2012–)

## South Korea

* Araon (2009–)
* A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027

## Soviet Union

    See Russia

## Sweden
### Swedish Maritime Administration

* Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
* Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)
* Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)
* Thule (1953–1998; broken up)
* Oden (1957–1988; broken up)
* Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)
* Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)
* Ale (1973–)
* Atle class
** Atle (1974–)
** Frej (1975–)
** Ymer (1977–)
* Oden (1988–)
* Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway)
* New icebreaker is expected to be delivered in 2027 and enter service in 2028

### Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.
* Tor Viking II (2000–2015; as Tor Viking under Norwegian flag until 2003)
* Balder Viking (2000–2015)
* Vidar Viking (2001–2012; contract ended prematurely)

## Turkmenistan

* Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
* Mangystau-1 (2023–)

## Ukraine

* Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1995; broken up)
* Kapitan Belousov (1991–; damaged and later captured by Russians in 2022)
* Noosfera (2021–; ex-James Clark Ross; purchased from United Kingdom)

## United Kingdom

* HMS Endurance (1990–2008; broken up)
* RRS James Clark Ross (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine)
* RRS Ernest Shackleton (1995–2019; sold to Italy)
* HMS Protector (2011–)
* RRS Sir David Attenborough (2020–)

## United States
### United States Coast Guard

* USCGC Storis (WMEC-38) (1942–2007; broken up)
* USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
* Wind class
** USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-Severny Veter, ex-Northwind; broken up)
** USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
** USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-Admiral Makarov, ex-Atka; broken up in 1976)
** USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-Severniy Polyus; broken up)
** USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
** USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
** USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
* USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
* Polar class
** USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–)
** USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive)
* Bay class
** USCGC Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) (1979–)
** USCGC Bristol Bay (WTGB-102) (1979–)
** USCGC Mobile Bay (WTGB-103) (1979–)
** USCGC Biscayne Bay (WTGB-104) (1979–)
** USCGC Neah Bay (WTGB-105) (1980–)
** USCGC Morro Bay (WTGB-106) (1981–)
** USCGC Penobscot Bay (WTGB-107) (1985–)
** USCGC Thunder Bay (WTGB-108) (1986–)
** USCGC Sturgeon Bay (WTGB-109) (1988–)
* USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–)
* USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–)
* Polar Security Cutters
** USCGC Polar Sentinel (WMSP-21) (2030– (current estimate); ordered)
** Second Polar Security Cutter has been ordered
** Third Polar Security Cutter has been authorized
* USCGC Storis (WAGB-21) (2025–; ex-Aiviq; awaiting commissioning)

### National Science Foundation

* Nathaniel B. Palmer (1992–)
* Laurence M. Gould (1997–2024)
* Sikuliaq (2014–)

### Edison Chouest Offshore

* Aiviq (2012–2024; sold to the United States Coast Guard)
* Laurence M. Gould (2024–; laid up)