OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Type 10 grenade

The Type 10 grenade (十年式手榴弾, Jyūnen-shiki Teryūdan) was the first fragmentation hand grenade designed and deployed by the Imperial Japanese Army.

## History and development

After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the Japanese army experimented with a variety of grenades; however, no design reached mass production. Japanese military observers in the European front of World War I noted the technical development and tactical application of hand grenades as infantry support weapons with considerable interest, and the Army technical bureau was tasked with a project to develop a grenade launcher that could be used in combination with the Type 38 rifle, the Japanese Army's standard infantry weapon. The project failed for a variety of reasons, including too small a bore, too long a gun barrel and difficulties with a propellant. The technical bureau then turned to a World War I-vintage German design for a small signal mortar, which was developed into the stand-alone Type 10 grenade discharger. The Type 10 grenade was designed for use with this grenade launcher when attached to a base containing a primer and propellant charge. It could also be thrown by hand, or fired from a rifle grenade launcher with a tail assembly added.

## Design

The design of the Type 10 grenade was almost identical to the later Type 91 with a grooved, "pineapple-shaped", segmented body designed to disperse sharp fragments when it exploded. The main difference was the Type 10's serrated top. A threaded socket in the bottom of the body allowed for the attachment of an auxiliary propellant canister for use in a grenade launcher, or a finned tail assembly for use as a rifle grenade. The fuse was a percussion-activated delay type, initiated by pulling out a safety pin and striking the top of the cap, which gave a 7–8 second delay. When used as a rifle grenade or mortar round, the fuse activated automatically, as the plunger was pushed in by the force of the launch. One issue with the design was the highly variable and inaccurate fuse timing, which resulted either in premature explosion, or such a long delay that the recipient could hurl the grenade back prior to detonation.

## Combat record

The Type 10 grenade was quickly superseded in front-line combat service by the Type 91 grenade, and survived into the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II primarily in the form of flare shells and signal shells.
# Grant Curtis

Grant Curtis is a film producer, who has worked with director Sam Raimi on The Gift, Drag Me To Hell, the Spider-Man films and Oz the Great and Powerful.

## Early life and education

He grew up in the rural town of Warrensburg, Missouri. Curtis received a master's degree in Mass Communication in 1997 from the University of Central Missouri (UCM), formerly CMSU. He wrote a thesis and screenplay entitled: "And God Stepped Aside". The screenplay examines the relationship between a young man who reluctantly fulfills the dying wishes of his estranged grandmother by taking her to Paris, France. The story was inspired by Curtis' own personal experiences with death within his family.

## Career

Shortly after he completed his thesis and screenplay while he lived in Los Angeles, CA., Curtis' neighbor informed him that director Sam Raimi was looking for an assistant. Curtis interviewed for the position, not entirely confident afterwards that his western Missouri accent and demeanor, not to mention his limited practical experience, garnered Raimi's consideration. After waiting many months, Curtis discovered that he got the job, and his journey towards success began.
In 2002, Curtis received the University of Central Missouri's Alumnus Associations Outstanding Recent Alumni Award.
Aside from producing films, Curtis wrote a book in 2007 called The Spider-Man Chronicles: The Art & Making of Spider-Man 3.
Curtis serves as an executive producer on the 2022 streaming series Moon Knight.
It was announced that both he and Nick Pepin will be co-producing the upcoming film The Fantastic Four: First Steps, set to be released on July 25, 2025.
# Niek van der Velden

Niek van der Velden (born 28 May 2000) is a Dutch snowboarder.

## Biography

Van der Velden started snowboarding when he was eight years old. Van der Velden used to do gymnastics, but when he was 15 years old, he was scouted by the Dutch Ski Federation. For that reason, Van der Velden moved from Nispen to Papendal to train at the national training centre, part of the national junior team.
In 2016 he made his World Cup debut in South Korea. In March 2017, Van der Velden broke his left tibia in Sierra Nevada, Spain. He couldn't compete for a few months and returned to competition in September 2017.
He became 2017 Sportsman of the Year in Roosendaal.
He qualified for the 2018 Winter Olympics, being the youngest Dutch athlete of the Dutch team, for the men's slopestyle and men's big air disciplines. However, due to a crash in the last training for the slopestyle, he broke his right arm and was not able to compete.
# USS Douglas L. Howard

USS Douglas L. Howard (DE-138) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1974.

## History

USS Douglas L. Howard was named in honor of Douglas Legate Howard. She was launched 24 January 1943 by Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd., Orange, Texas; sponsored by Mrs. D. I. Thomas, daughter of Douglas Legate Howard; and commissioned 29 July 1943.

### Battle of the Atlantic

Between 4 October 1943 and 19 March 1944 Douglas L. Howard escorted three convoys to Casablanca, French Morocco. She joined the hunter-killer group operating with USS Core for one cruise between 3 April and 30 May, then made a similar patrol with the group formed around USS Wake Island, from 15 June to 29 August. After repairs at Boston, Massachusetts, she joined Mission Bay for antisubmarine patrol in the South Atlantic from 8 September to 26 November.
Douglas L. Howard continued to screen Mission Bay during training in the Caribbean and the qualification of aviators in carrier operations off Mayport, Florida, then returned to ASW operations in the North Atlantic.

### Pacific War

Douglas L. Howard left Boston 30 June 1945 for San Diego, California, and reached Pearl Harbor 8 August. On 3 September she reported to Eniwetok for patrol and local escort duty, and from 25 September to 16 November she assisted in the occupation of Lele Island in the Carolines and the disposition of its surrendered military equipment. She served on occupation duty in the Marshalls until 6 January 1946 when she left Kwajalein for the United States. She called at San Diego, California, then continued to New York, arriving 15 February.

### Decommissioning and fate

On 13 March she arrived at Green Cove Springs, Florida, where she was placed out of commission in reserve 17 June 1946. She was struck from the Navy List on 1 October 1972 and was sold 14 May 1974 and scrapped.
# Asha Lul Mohamud Yusuf

Asha Lul Mohamud Yusuf is a contemporary Somali poet who has lived in exile in Britain since over 25 years.
Yusuf's dual-language Somali-English collection The Sea-Migrations was named as one of 2017's best poetry books of the year by both Jeremy Noel-Tod and Carol Rumens. Yusuf is a skilled woman poet in a field mostly generated by men, she is a master of many forms of Somali poetry like gabay that uses alliteration and rhythm to bring its argument across. She is a prominent figure in the Somali diaspora community through her engagement via her YouTube Channel and Whats App chain messages. She also is the host of a Somali TV show based in the UK.

## Works

* The Sea-Migrations: Tahriib. Translated by Clare Pollard, Said Jama Hussein and Maxamed Xasan ‘Alto’. Bloodaxe Books, 2017.
* Taste: Dookh. Translated by Maxamed Xasan ‘Alto’, Clare Pollard. The Poetry Translation Centre, 2012.
# Animo

Animo is a Latin legal term meaning 'with intention' or 'with purpose'.
Animo can be neutral or negative, "a double edged sword," but is more often negative - and rarely positive. It was formerly used only in criminal law, but later in tort cases, which was used by juries to determine "ill will" of the defendant, as in 'animosity'.
A number of Latinisms developed: animo furandi (intent to steal), animo felonico (intent to commit a felony), and animo defamadi (intent to defame). These were all negative, but neutral forms arose in estate law: animo testandi (animus testandi or testamentary intent) and animo revocandi (intent to revoke a will). Additional Latinisms include animo manendi (intent to remain) and animo revertendi (intent to return), which are essential elements of domicile.
Animus nocendi, derived from the word, is still used to describe the intent to commit a crime, and animus donandi to show the intent to give a gift or bequest.
# Ruby Valley, Nevada

Ruby Valley is an unincorporated community in Ruby Valley, in Elko County, Nevada, United States.
It was the site of the Ruby Valley Pony Express Station, which has since been moved 60 miles (97 km) to Elko, Nevada and restored and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Ruby Valley has a small K-8 school and many cattle ranches. Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge and state-owned Gallagher Fish Hatchery are in Ruby Valley.

## History

On October 1, 1863, the Treaty of Ruby Valley was signed by Gov. James W. Nye of the Nevada Territory and Gov. James Duane Doty of the Utah Territory. Twelve chiefs signed for the Western Bands of the Shoshone Nation of Indians. The treaty assured their ownership of property (that later became a U.S. nuclear test site). The treaty stated that the presence of U.S. settlements will not negate Native sovereignty. The Western Shoshone did not cede land but agreed to allow the U.S. government the "right to traverse the area, maintain existing telegraph and stage lines, construct one railroad, and engage in specified economic activities." The Union relied on this treaty to demonstrate to European governments and banks backing the Union that it could provide the gold needed for the American Civil War.
# Ganelon

In the 11th century Matter of France, Ganelon (US: /ˌɡænəˈloʊn/, French:) is the knight who betrayed Charlemagne's army to the Saracens, leading to the 778 Battle of Roncevaux Pass. His name is said to derive from the Italian word inganno, meaning fraud or deception. He is based upon the historical Wenilo, the archbishop of Sens who betrayed King Charles the Bald in 858.

## Appearances

Ganelon's most famous appearance is in The Song of Roland, where he is represented as a well-respected Frankish baron; Roland's own stepfather and Charlemagne's brother-in-law. According to this Old French chanson de geste Ganelon was married to Charlemagne's sister and had a son with her. Ganelon resents his stepson's boastfulness, great popularity among the Franks and success on the battlefield. When Roland nominates him for a dangerous mission as messenger to the Saracens, Ganelon is deeply offended and vows vengeance.
This revenge takes the form of treachery, as Ganelon plots the ambush at Roncesvals with Blancandrin. At the end, justice is served when Ganelon's comrade Pinabel is defeated in a trial by combat, showing that Ganelon is a traitor in the eyes of God. Ganelon is torn limb from limb by four fiery horses.
In Canto XXXII of the Book of Inferno in Dante's The Divine Comedy, Ganelon (Ganellone) has been banished to Cocytus in the depths of hell as punishment for his betrayal to his own country in the second round of the ninth circle called Antenora.
Ganelon (Italian: Gano; commonly: Gano di Pontieri, i.e. "Ganelon of Ponthieu" or Gano di Maganza, i.e. "Ganelon of Mainz") also appears in Italian Renaissance epic poem romances dealing with Charlemagne, Roland (Italian: Orlando) and Renaud de Montauban (Italian: Renaldo or Rinaldo), such as Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato and Luigi Pulci's Morgante. The treachery and dishonesty of the House of Maganza became proverbial in Italy, as for example in this inscription of 1472 on the wall of a castle in Canzo: Non te fidare de femina nesuna / che sono tute dela caxa de Maganza (Don't trust any woman, / for they're all from House of Mainz). Lope de Vega makes an echo of this using the word "magancesa" ('from Maganza') as a synonymous of treacherous woman in his work La bella malmaridada, v. 1450.
In Don Quixote, Cervantes wrote, "To have a bout of kicking at that traitor of a Ganelon, he [Don Quixote] would have given his housekeeper, and his niece into the bargain."
He is also mentioned in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, both in "The Shipman's Tale", where his gruesome fate is a byeword (193-94: "... God take on me vengeance/ as foul as evere hadde Genylon of France") and in "The Nun's Priest's Tale" (225: "O false assassin, lurking in thy den! O new Iscariot, new Ganelon!").
# Sara Begallo

Mesuare Begallo (born 1 March 2000) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward for Women's National Championship club FK Partizani Tirana and the Albania women's national team.

## Career statistics
### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season, and competition. Only official games are included in this table. :
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Kinostudio | 2012-13 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| Kinostudio | 2013-14 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 |
| Kinostudio | 2014-15 | 22 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 17 |
| Kinostudio | 2015-16 | 18 | 51 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 52 |
| Total | Total | 56 | 72 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 75 |
| Tirana AS | 2016-17 | 17 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 26 |
| Tirana AS | 2017-18 | 19 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 22 |
| Tirana AS | 2018-19 | 20 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 33 |
| Tirana AS | 2019-20 | 14 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 17 |
| Total | Total | 70 | 94 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 98 |
| FK Partizani Tirana (women) | 2020-21 | 21 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 17 |
| FK Partizani Tirana (women) | 2021-22 | 19 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 20 |
| FK Partizani Tirana (women) | 2022-23 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| FK Partizani Tirana (women) | 2023-24 | 18 | 45 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 45 |
| Total | Total | 63 | 82 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 82 |
| Gramshi | 2024-25 | 13 | 39+ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 40+ |
| Total | Total | 13 | 39+ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 40+ |
| Total | Total | 202 | 287+ | 19 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 221 | 295+ |

## International career

Begallo made her senior debut for Albania on 4 April 2019 during a 0–1 friendly away loss to Bosnia and Herzegovina. She has also appeared for the Albania U19 squad.
# Jim Photoglo

James G. Photoglo is an American soft rock singer and songwriter from Inglewood, California. He released two charting albums in the early 1980s and had two hit singles, "We Were Meant to Be Lovers" (No. 31, 1980) and "Fool in Love with You" (No. 25, 1981). He has also performed simply as Photoglo.
After his career as a pop artist, he became a successful country music songwriter in Nashville. He wrote songs for Garth Brooks, Faith Hill, the Everly Brothers, Dusty Springfield, Lee Roy Parnell, Patty Loveless, Highway 101, the Oak Ridge Boys, Pam Tillis, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, Neal McCoy, John Anderson, and Kathy Mattea. Four recordings made the top ten of Billboard's country chart, and two went to No. 1: "Fishin' in the Dark" by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and "Hometown Honeymoon" by Alabama. In addition, his song "She Loves Me (The Best That I Can Be)" was covered by pop/R&B singer James Ingram.
He released solo albums again in the 1990s and 2000s. Photoglo was also one of four members of a short-lived novelty country band called Run C&W, which recorded two albums for MCA between 1993 and 1995. He had a long-running association with Dan Fogelberg, serving as bass player and backup vocalist in Fogelberg's touring band for much of the 1980s and 1990s.
His most recent folk album, Halls of My Heart, was released in July 2014. It is the first album on which Photoglo wrote nearly all of its songs single-handedly.
Since 2016, Photoglo has been touring as a sideman with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, playing bass guitar and acoustic guitar, as well as adding background vocals.

## Discography
### Albums

* 1980 – Photoglo (U.S. #194)
* 1981 – Fool in Love with You (U.S. #119)
* 1983 – The Thin Man
* 1993 – Passage
* 1995 – Pure Love
* 2000 – Fly Straight Home
* 2005 – Sparks in the Radio
* 2009 – Is It Me?
* 2014 – Halls of My Heart

### Singles

* 1980 – "We Were Meant to Be Lovers" - U.S. Billboard #31, U.S. AC #14
* 1980 – "When Love Is Gone" - U.S. AC #44
* 1981 – "Fool in Love with You" - U.S. Billboard #25, U.S. AC #12, Cash Box #23; CAN AC #11
* 1981 – "More to Love" - U.S. AC #36
* 1981 - "Don't Play Another Sad Song"
* 1981 – "Tonight Will Last Forever"
* 1983 - "I Think We're Alone Now"
* 1983 – "Don't Say Goodnight"
* 1995 - "Will of the Wind"
* 1995 - "Pure Love"
* 2000 - "Fly Straight Home"
* 2005 - "Sparks in the Radio"
* 2009 - "Is It Me"
* 2014 - "Halls of My Heart"
# Prykarpattia

Prykarpattia (Ukrainian: Прикарпаття) is a Ukrainian term for Ciscarpathia, a physical geographical region for the northeastern Carpathian foothills.
Located at the outer foot of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains (Outer Subcarpathia), consisting of today's Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (predominantly) and Lviv Oblast (partially), it forms part of the larger historic region of Galicia (Haliczyna), which before the 14th century was a part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. Along with the Lviv, Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia regions, Prykarpattia is a component of the Carpathian Euroregion.

## History

Initially a part of Kievan Rus' and one of its successor states, the Principality of Halych, the area ultimately became part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Following the Partitions of Poland of 1772, Prykarpattia fell under the Habsburg monarchy.
In the wake of the World War I and the fall of Austria-Hungary, it became disputed between Poland and a short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. After the Polish-Soviet War was concluded, it remained in Poland.
After the 1939 invasion and partition of Poland between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, the area was attached to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (falling to Nazi control after the start of Operation Barbarossa and until 1944). It remains a part of modern Ukraine, incorporated into the western Ukrainian oblast of Ivano-Frankivsk, roughly corresponding to the southern half of the oblast.

## Geography

The region of Pokuttya today is used interchangeably with Prykarpattia. There are no official borders established between both of them. When referring to Prykarpattia it is understood that it is the whole Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. As for Pokuttya, it is only for the eastern part of the same region. Sometimes the southern Lviv Oblast is considered part of Prykarpattia such as cities of Stryi, Truskavets, and Drohobych. The Dnister river is the major waterway in the region to where series of other minor rivers flow. The other major cities in the region from the earlier mentioned are Halych, Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk and many others. The region is home to such Ukrainian cultures as Hutsuls, Lemky, Boyky, and others.

## Places of interest

* Deliatyn
* Hody-Dobrovidka
* Halych
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kolomyia (Romanian: Colomeea)
* Kalush
* Kosmach
* Dolyna
* Lanchyn
* Pechenizhyn
* Obertyn (Romanian: Obertin)
* Verkhovyna
* Vorokhta
* Yabluniv
* Yaremche
* Zabolotiv
* Carpathian National Nature Park
# Jüri Võigemast

Jüri Võigemast (born 18 November 1956 in Rapla) is an Estonian politician.
From 1991 he is a member of the Estonian Centre Party.
In 2002–2003 he was a member of IX Riigikogu.
His son is an actor Priit Võigemast.
# Luigi Scevola

Luigi Scevola (born Brescia, 1770 – died Milan, 7 August 1819) was an Italian dramatist.
He was born in Brescia, and became a professor of rhetoric there. After the French conquest of the Veneto, he became Secretary of Education (istruzione pubblica). In that position, he defended some of the libraries of the religious institutions from confiscation, including the Biblioteca Queriniana. With the fall of Napoleon in 1815, he lost his position and withdrew to Milan. He is described as a follower of the style of Vittorio Alfieri (Astigiano?), while other note he wrote in the style of Ugo Foscolo.
Scevola was the author of the tragedies La Morte di Socrate (Death of Socrates) in 1804; Annibale in Bitinia (Hannibal in Bythnia) in 1806; Aristodemo; Erode; and Saffo (Sappho) in 1814. One of his plays was the basis of the libretti for Giulietta e Romeo (Romeo and Juliet) by Nicola Vaccai and I Capuleti e i Montecchi by Vincenzo Bellini.
# UFF

UFF or Uff may refer to:
* Uff!, a Venezuelan boy band
* Uganda Freedom Fighters, an anti-government faction in the Ugandan Bush War
* Ulster Freedom Fighters, paramilitary wing of the Ulster Defence Association, a loyalist organisation in Northern Ireland
* United Freedom Front, an American left-wing terrorist group active in the 1970s and 1980s
* Universal File Format, a file format used in computer aided test software packages
* Universal force field, an all atom potential containing parameters for every atom
* Universidade Federal Fluminense (Fluminense Federal University), a university in Brazil
* Uzbekistan Football Federation, the governing body of association football in Uzbekistan
* Team UFF, a Brazilian cycling team
* UltraFast Fibre, a local fibre company in New Zealand, part of the Ultra-Fast Broadband initiative
* Ulandshjælp fra Folk til Folk, projects organised by the Danish organisation Tvind
# 2025 Panevėžys City mayoral election

The 2025 Panevėžys City mayoral election was held on 16 March 2025 and the second round will be held on 30 March 2025, to elect the next mayor of panevėžys. After the previous mayor was involved in scandals that led to his removal from office, an emergency election will be held. The incumbent, Acting Mayor Petras Luomanas, did not run for re-election. There were six candidates on the ballot, awaiting the votes of the people of Panevėžys.

## Overview

The mayor of Panevėžys is the elected head of the municipal government in Panevėžys, Lithuania's fifth-largest city. The mayor holds significant executive powers, overseeing the city's administration, managing public services, implementing decisions made by the Panevėžys City Council, and representing the city in both national and international affairs. The position is directly elected by the citizens of Panevėžys, with a term of four years and no limit on re-election. The mayor is responsible for shaping urban development, managing city resources, and enhancing the overall quality of life for residents.

## Electoral system

The mayor is elected in a majority vote if the voter turnout in the constituency is at least 40%. If the voter turnout is less than 40%, the candidate with the most votes (and at least 20% of the votes) is declared the winner. If there are more than two candidates and no candidate wins in the first round, a second round of voting is held within 15 days. The two leading candidates from the first round are eligible for the second round of voting. The candidate that gets more votes in the second round is declared the winner, regardless of voter turnout.