OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oskil Dam

The Oskil Dam (Ukrainian: Оскільська ГЕС), also known as the Oskil Hydroelectric Station, was a former hydroelectric plant in Eastern Ukraine along the Oskil River. The plant first began operation in 1958, and was destroyed on April 2, 2022, during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

## History

During the 1950s, the Soviets began to plan for the construction of a series of infrastructure projects to alleviate the water shortage surrounding the Siverskyi Donets. They decided on the construction of the Siverskyi Donets – Donbas Canal and the Oskil Dam.
The construction of dam first began in 1954, and was completed by 1956. The construction for the power plant soon also completed by 1957, and both began operation in 1958. Since then, the dam has created the Oskil Reservoir as a water source for the local population.
On April 2, 2022, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, the power plant was destroyed as a result of Russian shelling. This destruction caused the water from the reservoir to create flooding in the downstream areas. The cost of the flooding is estimated to be about 3 million Hryvnias.

## Characteristics

The Hydroelectric plant is located on the Oskil River, near the town of Oskil. The dam is 1,025m long and 20m wide. The power plant contains the engine room, which is located on the right bank of the river, and also has 2 turbines to generate electricity. Each turbine generates 1,840 kW, making the total capacity of the plant to be 3,680 kW. The average annual electrical production is about 15 million kWh, which increased to 20 million kWh after some modernization efforts. The power plant was operated under the "Donbass Water Company" during its period of operation.
# Kunwar Bahadur Asthana

Kunwar Bahadur Asthana (born 9 May, 1915) was an Indian politician and Chief Justice. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Uttar Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Janata Party. He was Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court from 1974 to 1980.
# A. F. Chapman House

The A. F. Chapman House is a historic house located at 115 South Monroe Street in Watkins Glen, Schuyler County, New York.

## Description and history

It was built in 1870–1873 in the Gothic Revival style and modified in about 1888–1894. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, High Victorian/Queen Anne–style building with a steeply pitched gable roof. It features a three-story tower with Queen Anne style details.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1997.
# Blohm & Voss P 208

The Blohm & Voss P.208 was a design project for a tailless swept-wing propeller-powered interceptor designed by the German company Blohm & Voss towards the end of the Second World War.
It was the first of several such "arrow-wing" designs, the later ones all being jet powered.

## History

Around 1943-44 it became apparent to German designers that for high-speed flight the swept wing offered many advantages. The chief designer at Blohm & Voss, Richard Vogt, realised that if the tail could be moved out of the way then the engine and propeller could be moved aft in a pusher arrangement, without the need for a long propeller shaft. This left the nose free for an excellent pilot's field of view and the installation of heavy armament. Vogt came up with the idea of placing the tail surfaces at the ends of the swept-back wings. In order to obtain enough control authority for the tail, without sweeping the wing back too far, Vogt devised short tailbooms on the wing tips, to which vertical fins and outboard horizontal stabilisers were fitted.
The Škoda-Kauba SK V-6 design was modified to create the SK SL6, being given a split tail on twin booms, in order to carry out flight testing for the new wing and tail control system.
The P208.01 was developed in 1944, when in Germany there were already jet aircraft in production. The decision to fit a conventional engine to the aircraft was made because the existing jet engines had not yet reached the desired performance. Thus the project went ahead in such a way that the design could be re-fitted with a jet engine when the technical difficulties were solved, eventually leading to the Blohm & Voss P 212 jet aircraft project.
The engine was fitted at the back of the cockpit with the propeller pushing the plane forward. The tail unit was incorporated into the swept wings, which provided an improved performance. In order to withstand the added stress the wings had steel reinforcements.
Three different variants of the plane were designed. All had a retractable tricycle landing gear.

### P 208.01

A variant fitted with a Junkers Jumo 222 E, F or N engine.

### P 208.02

A variant powered by an Argus As 413 unit giving a maximum of 4.000 PS (made of two Junkers Jumo 213 engines). The plane had a larger radiator and the wingtip booms had small vertical fins at the trailing edge.

### P 208.03

Three proposals were made for this variant: P 208.03.01 and P 208.03.02 would be fitted with a Daimler-Benz DB 603L engine, while P 208.03.03 would have a Daimler-Benz DB 603N. The dimensions were similar and there was also almost no difference in weight between the three projected aircraft.

## Specification (P 208.03)

Data from Pohlmann (1982)
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 9.20 m (30 ft 2 in)
* Wingspan: 12.08 m (39 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 19.00 m$^2$ (204.5 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 4,125 kg (9,094 lb)
* Gross weight: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Daimler-Benz DB 603L or N liquid-cooled V12
Performance
* Maximum speed: 790 km/h (490 mph, 430 kn) at 9,000 metres (30,000 ft)
* Endurance: 1.85 hr
* Service ceiling: 11,400 m (37,400 ft)
* Wing loading: 263 kg/m$^2$ (54 lb/sq ft)
# Cornwall Capital

Cornwall Capital is a New York City-based private financial investment corporation. It is best known as one of the few investors to foresee and profit from the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007, as described in the book The Big Short by Michael Lewis.
Cornwall seeks highly asymmetric investments, in which the potential profit greatly exceeds potential loss. Its strategies including benefiting from market inefficiencies to thematic fundamental trades. From 2003 to 2012, the firm produced an average annual compounded net return of 40 percent (52 percent gross).

## History

The firm was founded in 2003 by Jamie Mai as a family office to diversify the capital of his father, Vincent Mai, who ran the private equity firm AEA Investors, one of the oldest leveraged buyout firms in the United States.
Jamie Mai became president and chief investment officer. Charlie Ledley, a former private equity colleague, joined the firm shortly thereafter. In 2005, Ben Hockett joined as head trader, bringing extensive knowledge of capital markets, derivatives, and fixed income trading.
Cornwall Capital was one of a few investors who saw and shorted the subprime mortgage crisis market before its 2007 collapse. Author Michael Lewis wrote in his 2010 book The Big Short that they were perhaps one out of 20 investors in the world who did so. This particular trade generated 80 times the initial investment. Ledley, Mai, and Hockett were featured in the film adaptation of The Big Short, fictionalized with the names Charlie Geller, Jamie Shipley, and Ben Rickert, and played by John Magaro, Finn Wittrock and Brad Pitt.
Ledley left Cornwall in 2009 to join a large Boston-based hedge fund.
Hockett has remained at the firm as the head trader and chief risk officer. Other senior members include partners JC de Swaan and Ian Haft.
In May 2011, Mai began opening the fund to a few like-minded investors with whom he could share ideas.
In 2012, Mai's investment strategy was described in Jack D. Schwager's book Hedge Fund Market Wizards, which purported to examine the world's greatest hedge fund experts and their strategies.
In 2013, Cornwall Capital was reported to have become the largest shareholder of chemicals manufacturer American Pacific Corporation, a NASDAQ-listed U.S. company, with close to 15% of the outstanding stock. American Pacific Corporation agreed to nominate Haft for election to its board of directors in order to resolve a potential proxy contest. American Pacific Corporation was sold to H.I.G. Capital in January 2014.
# Pai

Pai or PAI may refer to:

## People

* Pai (surname), Indian surname from coastal Karnataka and Goa plus people with the name
* Pai (Chinese surname), includes Chinese name origin, plus people with the name

## Fictional characters

* Pai (Manga character), a character from "3x3 Eyes"
* Pie (Tokyo Mew Mew), a villain from the manga and anime series Tokyo Mew Mew

## Places

* Pai, Iran, a village in Isfahan Province
* Pai, Thailand, a small town in Mae Hong Son Province
** Pai District, the district around the town
** Pai River
** Pai Airport
* Pai, Tank, a union council in Pakistan
* Pai Northern Thai Kitchen, a restaurant chain in Toronto, Canada

## Games

* Gwat Pai, Chinese dominoes set
* Pai Gow, Chinese gambling game
** Pai gow poker, Americanized version

## Other uses

* Pai languages (Paipai, Walapai, Havasupai)
* Pai dialect of the Northern Sotho language
* Pai (fish trap)
* "Pai", a 2016 song by Bad Gyal

## Acronyms

* PAI Partners, a French private equity firm
* PAI (Personal Activity Intelligence), a fitness indicator developed by researcher Ulrik Wisløff
* Parachute Association of Ireland, a representative/regulatory body for skydivers in Ireland
* Parti Africain de l’Indépendance (African Independence Party), a former political party in Bourkina Faso
* PartnerAid International, a German-based Christian humanitarian organization
* Partnership on AI, US-based tech nonprofit committed to responsible AI use
* Pathogenicity island, a distinct class of genomic island which is acquired by horizontal transfer
* Periodic annual increment
* Persatuan Arab Indonesia, an association of Arab Indonesians
* Personality Assessment Inventory, a test given by psychologists
* Photoacoustic imaging
* Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a protein that inhibits fibrinolysis (breakdown of blood clots)
* Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), another protein that inhibits fibrinolysis
* Poalei Agudat Yisrael, an Israeli political party
* Polizia dell'Africa Italiana (Italian Police of Africa, police force in the Italian colonies
* Polyamide-imide, a thermoplastic polymer
* Polyatomic ion
* Population Action International
* Primary adrenal insufficiency (primary adrenocortical insufficiency), that is, Addison's disease, a rare endocrine disorder
* Public Accountability Initiative
# 28th General Assembly of Nova Scotia

The 28th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between 1882 and 1886.
Angus McGillivray was chosen as speaker for the house.
The assembly was dissolved on May 20, 1886.

## List of Members

| Electoral District | Name | Party | First elected / previously elected |
| Annapolis County | J. W. Longley | Liberal | 1882 |
| Annapolis County | Henry M. Munro | Liberal | 1882 |
| Antigonish County | John S.D. Thompson | Conservative | 1877 |
| Antigonish County | Angus McGillivray | Liberal | 1878 |
| Antigonish County | Charles B. Whidden (1882) | Conservative | 1882 |
| County of Cape Breton | Alonza J. White | Liberal | 1867, 1882 |
| County of Cape Breton | William Buchanan | Liberal | 1882 |
| Colchester County | William M. Blair | Conservative | 1878 |
| Colchester County | William A. Patterson | Conservative | 1874 |
| Cumberland County | William T. Pipes | Liberal | 1882 |
| Cumberland County | Charles J. Townshend | Conservative | 1878 |
| Cumberland County | Thomas Reuben Black (1884) | Liberal | 1884 |
| Digby County | Henri M. Robicheau | Liberal | 1878 |
| Digby County | John S. McNeill | Liberal | 1882 |
| Guysborough County | Otto Schwartz Weeks | Liberal | 1875, 1882 |
| Guysborough County | James A. Fraser | Liberal | 1882 |
| Halifax County | William D. Harrington | Conservative | 1878 |
| Halifax County | Michael Joseph Power | Liberal | 1882 |
| Halifax County | William S. Fielding | Liberal | 1882 |
| Hants County | Allen Haley | Liberal | 1882 |
| Hants County | Nathaniel Spence | Conservative | 1878 |
| Inverness County | Alexander Campbell | Conservative | 1867, 1878 |
| Inverness County | Duncan J. Campbell | Liberal | 1872 |
| Inverness County | Angus MacLennan (1883) | Conservative | 1883 |
| Kings County | Thomas L. Dodge | Liberal | 1882 |
| Kings County | Thomas R. Harris | Conservative | 1882 |
| Lunenburg County | Charles E. Church | Liberal | 1882 |
| Lunenburg County | George A. Ross | Liberal | 1882 |
| Pictou County | Robert Hockin | Conservative | 1882 |
| Pictou County | Charles H. Munro | Conservative | 1882 |
| Pictou County | Adam C. Bell | Conservative | 1878 |
| Queens County | Jason M. Mack | Liberal | 1882 |
| Queens County | Joseph H. Cook | Liberal | 1882 |
| Richmond County | Isidore LeBlanc | Liberal | 1878 |
| Richmond County | Murdoch McRae | Conservative | 1867, 1882 |
| Shelburne County | Thomas Johnston | Liberal | 1867, 1882 |
| Shelburne County | William F. McCoy | Liberal | 1882 |
| Victoria County | John A. McDonald | Conservative | 1882 |
| Victoria County | William F. McCurdy | Liberal | 1878 |
| Yarmouth County | Albert Gayton | Liberal | 1871 |
| Yarmouth County | Thomas Corning | Conservative | 1882 |
# Phoeby Okech

Phoeby Okech Owiti (born 10 October 1994) is a Kenyan women's professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Indian Women's League club Gokulam Kerala and the Kenya women's national team.

## Club career

End January 2023, End January 2023, Okech moved to Turkey, and signed with Hakkarigücü Spor to play in the 2022-23 Women's Super League.

## International career

Okech made her debut for the team in a 2022 African Cup of Nations qualifiers against South Sudan.
# Tala Upazila

Tala (Bengali: তালা) is an upazila of the Satkhira District in Khulna Division of Bangladesh.

## Geography

Tala is located at 22°45′00″N 89°15′00″E﻿ / ﻿22.7500°N 89.2500°E﻿ / 22.7500; 89.2500 and has a total area of 337.24 km$^2$.

## History

Tala thana was established in 1913 and made an upazila in 1983.

## Demographics

Religions in Tala Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 75.96% | 75.96% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 23.36% | 23.36% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.59% | 0.59% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.09% | 0.09% |
As of the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Tala upazila had 72,465 households and a population of 299,820. 55,963 (18.67%) were under 10 years of age. Tala had an average literacy rate of 50.88%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1007 females per 1000 males. 9,528 (3.18%) of the population lived in urban areas.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Tala has a population of 251,388. 51.31% of the population is male, and 48.69% is female.

## Administration

Tala Upazila is divided into 12 union parishads: Dhandia, Islamkati, Jalalpur, Khalilnagar, Khalishkhali, Khesra, Kumira, Magura, Nagarghata, Sarulia, Tala, and Tentulia. The union parishads are subdivided into 150 mauzas and 229 villages.

## Education

According to Banglapedia, Kumira Multilateral High School, founded in 1902, is a notable secondary school.
# Sabato de Sarno

Sabato De Sarno is an Italian designer who was the Creative Director of the fashion house Gucci between 2023 and 2025. He left the role in February 2025, and the design team created the brands Fall-Winter 2025 collection.

## Career

Born in Naples, De Sarno started his career with Prada in 2005. He later worked for Dolce & Gabbana and, from 2009, as Director of men’s and women’s collections at Valentino.
In 2023, De Sarno was appointed Creative Director of Gucci, marking his first role as the creative head of a major fashion house. His debut collection for the Italian luxury brand was presented at Milan Fashion Week in September 2023.
De Sarno's tenure at Gucci concluded on February 6, 2025, when the company announced his departure from the Creative Director position.
# Hakodate Racecourse

Hakodate Racecourse (函館競馬場, Hakodate-keibajō) is a horse racing track in Hakodate, Japan, built in 1896. During 2008 and 2009, Hakodate Racecourse was closed for renovation and refurbishment of the grandstand. Work was completed in June 2010. As part of this refurbishment, Mitsubishi Electric installed a Diamond Vision Screen. Races that were supposed to be held at Hakodate during that period were moved to Sapporo Racecourse. Hakodate Racecourse has both a grass course, and a dirt course.

## Physical attributes
### Main Turf Course

1000m, 1200m, 1700m, 1800m, 2000m, and 2600m races are run on the Main turf Course.
| Length | Width |
| A-course 1,627m | A-course 29m |
| B-course 1,652m | B-course 25m |
| C-course 1,677m | C-course 21m |

### Dirt Course

1000m, 1700m, and 2400m races run on the dirt oval.
| Length | Width |
| 1,476m | 20m |

## Notable races

| Month | Race | Distance | Age/Sex |
| Grade III ||||
| June | Hakodate Sprint Stakes | Turf 1200m | 3yo + |
| July | Hakodate Nisai Stakes | Turf 1200m | 2yo |
| July | Hakodate Kinen (Handicap) | Turf 2000m | 3yo + |

## Track records

Source：レコードタイム表 (Record time table) -> 函館競馬場 (Hakodate Racecourse)
* † Reference Time.
* Last updated on July 2, 2022.

### Turf course (2yo)

| Distance | Time | Racehorse | Sex | Weight | Jockey | Date Recorded |
| 1000m | 57.2 | Hagino Top Lady | Filly | 52kg | Kiyoaki Ueno | August 12, 1979 |
| 1200m | 1:08.7 | Mon Favori | Filly | 54kg | Yutaka Take | June 20, 2020 |
| 1700m | 1:43.8 | Win Stone | Colt | 53kg | Takaaki Sugahara | August 30, 1986 |
| 1800m | 1:48.3 | Victoria | Filly | 54kg | Yasunari Iwata | July 22, 2018 |
| 2000m | 2:03.9† | Rond | Filly | 54kg | Yutaka Take | August 1, 2021 |

### Turf course (3yo+)

| Distance | Time | Racehorse | Sex | Weight | Jockey | Date Recorded |
| 1000m | 57.0 | Solo Singer | Mare 4 | 53kg | Hirofumi Shii | June 22, 1997 |
| 1200m | 1:06.8 | Jeune Ecole | Filly 3 | 50kg | Yuichi Kitamura | June 18, 2017 |
| 1700m | 1:41.0 | Keishu Leader | Horse 4 | 57kg | Yoshiyasu Tajima | August 14, 1983 |
| 1800m | 1:45.7 | Crocosmia | Mare 4 | 56kg | Yasunari Iwata | June 18, 2017 |
| 2000m | 1:57.8 | Soccer Boy | Colt 3 | 56kg | Hiroshi Kawachi | August 21, 1988 |
| 2600m | 2:37.3 | Meisho Garden | Mare 4 | 55kg | Kyōsuke Kokubun | June 17, 2017 |

### Dirt course (2yo)

| Distance | Time | Racehorse | Sex | Weight | Jockey | Date Recorded |
| 1000m | 58.5 | Luce d'Oro | Colt | 54kg | Takeshi Yokoyama | June 27, 2020 |
| 1700m | 1:47.3 | Kazu Laponian | Colt | 54kg | Kazuo Yokoyama | July 24, 2021 |

### Dirt course (3yo+)

| Distance | Time | Racehorse | Sex | Weight | Jockey | Date Recorded |
| 1000m | 57.7 | Epigraph | Colt 3 | 54kg | Mikio Matsunaga | July 23, 2000 |
| 1700m | 1:41.7 | Monde Classe | Horse 5 | 57kg | Kosei Miura | June 25, 2016 |
| 2400m | 2:32.2 | Yamano Mataka | Horse 5 | 57kg | Yūji Tannai | July 2, 2022 |
# Lake County Arts Council

The Lake County Arts Council is the official arts council for Lake County, California, USA, founded in 1981. It runs under the California Arts Council (CAC).
The Lake County Arts Council runs the Main Street Gallery, a small gallery for visual arts with space for arts classes in Lakeport, Ca. This space is also used for the Lake County Arts Council's literary program, which hosts the county's Poetry Out Loud Program, recurring Writer's Circles, and more. In addition, the Lake County Arts Council has other events and programs including Art in Public Places, the Spring Dance Festival, and the Summer Youth Art Camp.
The Lake County Arts Council also owns and operates the Soper Reese Theatre, Lake County's only fixed seating theatre located in Lakeport, California. The Soper Reese Theatre is a live performance venue that shows live theatrical shows, dance, live music, and has a Classic Cinema showing twice a month.
# KidGuard

KidGuard is a parental monitoring application for iOS and Android mobile phones. The application uses proprietary software to help parents monitor their children’s text messages, browser history, social media activity, stored videos or photos, emails, and phone GPS location.

## History

KidGuard was developed by a Los Angeles-based team and officially released in 2016. After KidGuard's launch, the application received coverage on ABC News and Inc. Magazine.
In 2017, KidGuard partnered with the startup incubator OnRamp Lab, located in Taipei, Taiwan. The same year, international security consultant Gene Yu joined the KidGuard advisory board to aid with kidnapping response and prevention measures.
In 2020, Kidguard was the victim of a data breach which released customer data.

## Features

Following the software as a service model, KidGuard is run through a web application that allows a parent to view all activity on a child's phone, including:
* Reading sent and received text messages, including deleted messages and texts sent via popular alternative messaging applications such as WhatsApp.
* Accessing browser history, call history and application usage, including duration and frequency.
* Viewing all photos and videos saved to a child's phone,
* Using a smartphone's GPS to track location, as well as setting geo-fencing to alert parents.
KidGuard also includes a feature it calls a "Situation 360 Report," in which the application automatically creates a report to aid law enforcement in the event of a child's disappearance. The report includes a full profile of a child's recent locations, behavior and message history.

## Controversy

Critics have raised concerns about the potential capability of KidGuard and its competitors to violate privacy laws or to be used as a tool by stalkers and abusers.
In May 2018, KidGuard was featured in a New York Times article which criticized the application's developers for running advertisements aimed at adults attempting to spy on their spouses or discover infidelity. After KidGuard was contacted for comment, a spokesman responded that these advertisements had been developed by a marketing partner. All content relating to infidelity was subsequently removed from the KidGuard website.

## Philanthropy

KidGuard maintains an annual "KidGuard for Education Essay Scholarship" for high school students in the United States. The scholarship is awarded to an undisclosed number of participants, based on the results of an essay content whose topics concern online safety and cyberbullying.
In 2017, KidGuard donated $25,000 in grants to 18 non-profit organizations focused on child safety and online threat prevention. The largest grant of $5,000 was awarded to the Megan Meier Foundation.
# Katherine St. John

Katherine St. John is a professor at the CUNY Graduate Center Department of Computer Science and at Lehman College Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. She is a faculty member at the New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology. In 2007 she was selected to be an AWM/MAA Falconer Lecturer where she gave a presentation on "Comparing Evolutionary Trees". She is also a former American Mathematical Society Council member at large.
# Asuncion A. Perez

Asunción Arriola-Pérez (August 15, 1895 – 1967) was a Filipino government official and the first female cabinet member who served as a Social Welfare Administrator under four Philippine presidents. She became a social worker for the Red Cross in 1924 and held such positions as Executive Secretary of the Associated Charities of Manila and the Red Cross. She and her husband were arrested and detained in Fort Santiago in 1944. Her husband, Cirilo Barcial Perez of Santa Maria, Bulacan was later executed by the Japanese and buried at the 29 Martyrs of World War 2 Memorial at the Manila North Cemetery. She was a former administrator of Social Welfare from 1948 to 1953. She was also one of the original board of trustees of the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement. She founded the an orphange, the Children's Garden of the Philippines in 1954. She also served as the president of Wesleyan University Philippines from 1954 to 1967.