OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rashid Nurgaliyev

Rashid Gumarovich Nurgaliyev (Russian: Рашид Гумарович Нургалиев Tatar: Рәшит Гомәр улы Нургалиев; born 8 October 1956) is a Russian general and politician who currently serves as First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council. He was also Russia's interior minister from 2003 to 2012.

## Early life and education

Nurgaliyev was born in Zhetikara, Kazakh SSR, on 8 October 1956 and is of Volga Tatar ethnicity. He graduated from Kuusinen State University in Petrozavodsk in 1979. He later received a doctoral degree in economics. His thesis was on the “economic aspects of the formation of business undertakings in modern Russia".

## Career

From 1981 to 1995, he worked in the KGB Directorate of Karelia and its successor, Security Ministry of Karelia, in 1992-1994 led by Nikolai Patrushev.
In 1995, he moved to Moscow and was appointed chief inspector of the Inspectorial Directorate of FSK (FSB) and head of a section of FSB Internal Security Department led by Nikolai Patrushev.
In 2002, he became first deputy minister of interior of Russia. In 2003, he became minister of the MVD. He was removed from office on 21 May 2012 and Vladimir Kolokoltsev replaced him in the post. Two days after his dismissal he was made deputy secretary of the Security Council on 23 May.
He holds the rank of Army General.
In February 2023, by decree of President Putin, Nurgaliyev was appointed First Deputy Secretary of the Russian Security Council.

### Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2014 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 6 April 2022 the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Nurgaliyev to its list of persons sanctioned pursuant to Executive Order 14024.

## Personal life

Nurgaliyev is married and has two children. He is an Orthodox Christian.

## Honours and awards

* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd and 4th classes
* Order of Honour
* Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, 1st class (2005, Russian Orthodox Church)
* Order of Akhmad Kadyrov (2006, Chechen Republic)
* Honorary Citizen of the Republic of Karelia
* Yuri Andropov Award
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"
* Medal for Distinction in Military Service, 2nd class
* Medal of Merit in the conduct of national census
* Jubilee Medal "100 Years of the Trans-Siberian Railway"
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"
* Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
* Medal for Strengthening Military Cooperation(Defence)
* Medal "200 Years of the Ministry of Defence"
* Medal "For Military Merit" (MIA)
* Medal "For Impeccable Service", 1st class
# Shockwave (Black Tide song)

"Shockwave" is a song by American heavy metal band Black Tide. It is credited to Gabriel Garcia, Alexander Nuñez and Raul Garcia Jr. It was the first track and first single from their 2008 debut album Light from Above, with the other two singles being "Warriors of Time" and "Shout". It was released before the album. The CD single was the band's first official release and is also known as the Black Tide EP. The single version is a of the song, the word "fuck" that is mentioned in the chorus is removed.
It is one of the band's most famous songs and is played live on almost all of the band's concerts; it was also performed on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on March 27, 2008. It charted in the U.S. at number 25.

## Music video

Two music videos were made for the song and both were aired on MTV2's Headbangers Ball.
* The first was directed by Travis Kopach and features the band playing and trashing a house along with some fans. Later, the police comes and everybody escapes the house. At the beginning, vocalist/guitarist Gabriel Garcia hangs in a lamp from the ceiling. That picture later became the cover for their EP Road Warrior.
* A second video was also made and is a compilation of live scenes from Ozzfest 2007 and backstage footage. It was directed by Jason Bergh.

## In popular culture

* "Shockwave" is featured on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game Skate 2, the North American version of Guitar Hero: Modern Hits, and as a downloadable song for the PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360 versions of Rock Band.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| U.S. Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks | 25 |

## Personnel

* Gabriel Garcia: vocals, lead guitar
* Alex Nuñez: rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Zakk Sandler: bass, backing vocals
* Steven Spence: drums, percussion
# Olucak, Nurdağı

Olucak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nurdağı, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. As of 2022, its population was 441 people.
# Saint James's Club of Montreal

The Saint James's Club of Montreal (French: Club Saint-James de Montréal) is a private social club in Montreal, Quebec. The club was founded in 1857 as a gentlemen's club, but since 1979 has been mixed-sex. As with many upper-class Montreal institutions, the Saint James's Club underwent a significant upheaval during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, when much of the city's Anglo-Scottish establishment relocated to Toronto. In recent decades the club has reinvented itself as a predominantly Francophone institution.

## History

In 1864 the club opened its original clubhouse, designed by John William Hopkins and Frederick Lawford, at the northwest corner of Dorchester Boulevard and University Avenue. The clubhouse was demolished in 1961 to make way for the construction of Place Ville Marie. In 1960 the club partnered with the Yale Building Corporation to construct a combination club and office building, designed by Durnford Bolton Chadwick and Ellwood, at 620 Dorchester Boulevard West. The first three floors were to be occupied by the club while the upper ten storeys were office space. After a 60-year period, title and ownership of the building were to revert to the club.

## Club histories

* Collard, Edgar A. The Saint James's Club: The Story of the Beginnings of the Saint James's Club. Gazette Printing, 1957.
* Hudon, François. L'Histoire du Club Saint-James de Montréal/History of the Saint James's Club of Montreal: 1857-1999. Anchor-Harper, 2000.
# Bridge law

Bridge law is the body of laws which apply to bridges in a particular jurisdiction.

## United States

In the United States, legislative authority to erect a bridge is necessary in three cases: first, when toll is demanded for its use—the right to take toll being a franchise which cannot be claimed without express grant from the state; second, when the state owns the bed of the stream over which the bridge extends, as is the case in all public or navigable streams; third, when the structure interferes or threatens to interfere with navigation.
In the last case the authority of state governments is subject to the power given to Congress by the Federal Constitution to "regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states." The states may authorize bridges over navigable streams, and may regulate their size, form, and manner of construction. Until Congress intervenes in such cases, the power of the states is unlimited. When it does intervene, however, its will is supreme, and its legislation, within the limits of the constitutional grant, overrides that of any state. A bridge constructed over a navigable river in accordance with an act of Congress is a lawful structure, however much it may interfere with the public right of navigation. For example, President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped Robert Moses from building the Battery Crossing, officially out of concern about blocking navigational access to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, but actually as an act of revenge, and instead was forced into building the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel.
# Badarash

Badarash (Syriac: ܒܕܪܫ) is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Sapna valley in the district of Amadiya.
In the village, there is a Chaldean Catholic church of Mar Gewargis.

## History

After the Assyrian genocide in the First World War, Badarash was settled by Assyrian refugees of the Baz clan from modern-day Turkey in the 1920s, all of whom belonged either to the Church of the East or the Chaldean Catholic Church. The church of Mar Gewargis was constructed in 1925, and by 1938, 152 people inhabited the village, with 27 families. Badarash was destroyed and its population expelled by the Iraqi government at the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, prior to which the village had 30 houses. Villagers later returned, but Badarash was destroyed again during the Al-Anfal campaign in 1987.
The village was rebuilt again, and the population of the village reached 40 families by 2004. Violence against Assyrians in urban centres of Iraq led 102 displaced Assyrians, with 27 families, to seek refuge in Badarash by early 2009. By 2012 the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 48 houses and a community hall. Humanitarian aid was delivered to Badarash by the Assyrian Aid Society in May 2015. The village's graveyard was renovated by the French non-governmental organisation SOS Chrétiens d'Orient in 2018.
In May 2022, a group of Kurdish men from the Kurdistan Democratic Party came back to the village and began to place fences, and claimed the land belonged to them. The Assyrians resisted them and attempted to obstruct them from raising the wall, claiming that it was their land. This incident transpired in a confrontation between the two groups, where the police arrested two Assyrians who were filming the incident and the Kurdish group involved in the altercation. Although the incident was a minor one, it created an emotional reaction among Assyrians worldwide on social media. The CSW condemned the Kurdistan Regional Government after the incident.

## Gallery

* Church of Mar Gewargis
* A house in Badarash
# Angelo Tsarouchas

Angelo Tsarouchas (Greek: Άγγελος Τσαρούχας) is a Greek-Canadian comedian, actor, and writer living in Los Angeles. He is known for incorporating Greek culture into his stand-up comedy routines, and has been called the "King of Greek Ethnic Comedy." He organized World Dafni Day, a celebration of Greek diaspora from Dafni, his father's birthplace.

## Career

Angelo Tsarouchas was born in Montreal to Greek immigrant parents. Tsarouchas' father was from Sparta, while his mother was from Mytilene. Tsarouchas learned Greek at an early age as a result of his mother's struggles with learning English. During high school, Tsarouchas performed comedy acts in variety shows.
Tsarouchas temporarily gave up his dreams of becoming a comedian when he married his first wife, because she did not believe in pursuing a career in comedy. He founded several small businesses including a restaurant, a travel agency and a bowling alley. After his first marriage ended, Tsarouchas' business dissolved and he was left with only $900 to his name. He decided to drive from Ottawa to Toronto, where he began pursuing a career in comedy.
During his early years as a comedian, he performed in small comedy clubs like Yuk Yuk's. His stand-up comedy began to gain critical praise in the early 2000s, when Tsarouchas toured Canada and the United States. Tsarouchas has performed at various comedy tours and festivals, including the Wild West Comedy Show: 30 Days and 30 Nights – Hollywood to the Heartland, the Russell Peters World Tour, Edinburgh Festival Fringe, and the Just for Laughs festival. He starred in the comedy specials Still Hungry, It's All Greek to Me and Bigger is Better.
Much of his stand-up routines center on his experiences as a part of the Greek diaspora, and he is known for his distinctive style of observational humor. He played Detective Muldoon the children's mystery show The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo from 1996 to 1999.
He starred as Vinnie D'Angelo in the 2011 comedy film Fred and Vinnie opposite Fred Stoller. He won "Best Actor Award" for the role at the London Greek Film Festival, and was nominated for "Best Actor" at the 14th Canadian Comedy Awards.
Tsarouchas produced the documentary Back to Sparta, about his experiences returning to Sparta, where his father's family originated.
In 2016, Tsarouchas had the idea of organizing a festival in Dafni, Laconia to celebrate the Dafnian diaspora abroad. He also starred in 2017 along his fellow comedian Russell Peters in small role in The Indian Detective in episode 1 as an informant in car.
The first World Dafni Day was celebrated on August 15, 2019, and brought around 2,000 visitors to the village of 900 people.

## Personal life

Tsarouchas became engaged to Armenian-American businesswoman Alina Basil in 2009. The couple married and has a daughter.
# Jan Heemskerk

Jan Heemskerk Abrahamszoon (Dutch pronunciation:; 30 July 1818 – 9 October 1897) was a Dutch politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1874 to 1877, and again from 1883 to 1888. His son, Theo Heemskerk also served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

## Biography

Jan Heemskerk Abrahamszoon was born on 30 July 1818 in Amsterdam. He was the son of Abraham Heemskerk and Joanna Jacoba Stuart. He was baptized on 27 August 1818 in the Remonstrant Church in Amsterdam.
He studied law and became a lawyer, then a member of the House of Representatives. Originally a liberal politician, he became a conservative in 1866, and remained this in his Premiership.
He was three times Ministers of the Interior (1866–1868; 1874–1877; 1883–1888) and three times temporary chairman of the Council of Ministers, similar to the present-day Prime Minister, (1867–1868; 1874–1877; 1883–1888). He was Minister of State from 1885 to his death.
Heemskerk died on 9 October 1897, at the age of 79, in The Hague.

## Personal life

Heemskerk married his first cousin Anna Maria Heemskerk on 1 October 1846 in Utrecht. They had 5 sons, one of whom died in infancy, and 3 daughters. His son Theo Heemskerk (1852–1932) was Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1908 to 1913. His son Jan Frederik Heemskerk (1867–1944) was a member of the House of Representatives.

## Published works

Heemskerk's published works include
* De praktijk onzer grondwet. 2 vols. (Utrecht: J. L. Beijers, 1881.)
* Speciminis inauguralis de Montesquivio pars prior [-altera]. 2 vols. (Amstelodami: J.H. et G. van Heteren, 1839.)
# Gidon Lev

Gidon Lev (Hebrew: גדעון לב; born Peter Wolfgang Löw, 3 March 1935) is a Czechoslovak-born Israeli dairy farmer and Holocaust survivor who was interned at the Nazi ghetto of Theresienstadt between the ages of 6 and 10. Of the 9,000 children imprisoned in or transported through Theresienstadt concentration camp, he is one of the more than 2,000 children estimated to have survived.

## Early life

Lev was born in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia, on 3 March 1935. Both of his parents came from secular Jewish families that had lived for many generations in Austria-Hungary.
His family fled to Prague when Nazi Germany annexed the Sudetenland in 1938. In 1941, Lev and his family were transported to the Theresienstadt ghetto, a Nazi ghetto in Terezín, Czechoslovakia.

## Theresienstadt concentration camp

Lev was six years old when he was interned in the Theresienstadt ghetto with his family in 1941. Twenty-six of Lev's family members were murdered in the Holocaust, including his father, who died while being transported from Auschwitz to Buchenwald.
Lev was 10 years old when the Red Army liberated the concentration camp in May 1945. A total of 15,000 children were imprisoned at Terezín during the course of the war, according to Yad Vashem and the Terezín museum, and Lev was one of the very few to survive.

## Later life

After their release from the concentration camp and the end of World War II, Lev and his mother immigrated first to the United States and then to Canada in 1949. Ten years later, in 1959, Lev arrived in Israel and took up communal farming in the Kibbutz Hazorea in the Jezreel Valley.
Lev served in the Israeli Defense Force during the Six-Day War and the War of Attrition in 1967.

## TikTok career

Lev opened a TikTok account in July 2021 and has published videos primarily aimed at Holocaust education. He has received media coverage for speaking out against Holocaust denial and antisemitism.
In 2021, Lev released a TikTok video criticizing and demanding an apology from American podcaster Joe Rogan for drawing parallels between the Holocaust and mandatory proof-of-vaccination checks against COVID-19.
In November 2023, Lev deactivated his TikTok account, citing that he had lost thousands of followers and had received a barrage of hateful comments due to antisemitism following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel.

## Published works

* Gray, Julie (2020). The true adventures of Gidon Lev. Gidon Lev. Ramat Gan, Israel. ISBN 978-1-7352497-0-4. OCLC 1162202880.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Lev, Gidon (2024). Let's Make Things Better. Julie Gray. Ramat Gan, Israel. ISBN 978-1-0350439-8-9. OCLC 1475280024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## Private life

Lev was married twice and has six children, 15 grandchildren and two great-granddaughters. He was married to his second wife for forty years, until she died of cancer in 2012.
Since 2017 he has been in a relationship with writer Julie Gray.
# In/Casino/Out

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 10/10 |
In/Casino/Out (stylized as in/CASINO/OUT) is the second studio album by American post-hardcore band At the Drive-In, released on August 18, 1998, through Fearless Records. Produced by Alex Newport, it is the band's first full studio album to feature bass guitarist Paul Hinojos and drummer Tony Hajjar, who joined the band in 1996 for the tour in support of their debut album, Acrobatic Tenement, and appeared on the subsequent EP, El Gran Orgo.
In/Casino/Out is a live-in-studio album, recorded as such with the intention of better capturing the energy and sound of the band's live shows. The album marks a middle ground between the raw, lo-fi production of Acrobatic Tenement and the sleeker, more produced sound subsequently heard on their third album, Relationship of Command.
In 2016, Rolling Stone placed the album at #20 in their "40 Greatest Emo Albums of All Time" list.

## Background and recording

During the recording of the album, At the Drive-In was initially unable to find a label willing to release it. By that point in time, Flipside, the label that issued Acrobatic Tenement, had ceased operations, and Offtime Records, which had released the El Gran Orgo EP the previous year, was not in the financial position to issue more releases. The group considered self-releasing the album until Fearless Records offered their support.
Recording for the album took place in early June 1998 at Messenger's Studio in Hollywood. The entire recording was done live by the band, with little to no overdubs. Production duties were held by Alex Newport, with assistance from Doug Messenger at Harddrive Analog in North Hollywood; Newport also mixed the album "half asleep" at Paramount in Hollywood. Frontman Cedric Bixler-Zavala recalled in 2015 that the band were "rushed" during the sessions and unable to "execute maybe 30% of the ideas that were initially planned for the record because of a lack of time", though he also felt that the band benefited from the pressure.
In/Casino/Out marks founding member Jim Ward's return to the band after not appearing on El Gran Orgo; the In/Casino/Out track "Hourglass" was the first At the Drive-In song for which he provided lead vocals.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Vinyl Albums | 1 |
# Hayato (given name)

Hayato (written: 勇人, 勇斗, 勇登, 隼, 隼人, 隼斗, 速人, 早人, 早十, 駿斗 or 颯斗) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Hayato Aoki (青木 勇人, born 1977), Japanese baseball player
* Hayato Arakaki (新垣 勇人, born 1985), Japanese baseball player
* Hayato Araki (荒木 隼人, born 1996), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Chiba (千葉 逸人, born 1982), Japanese mathematician
* Hayato Date (伊達 勇登), Japanese anime director
* Hayato Fujita (藤田 勇人, born 1986), Japanese professional wrestler
* Hayato Hashimoto (橋本 早十, born 1981), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Ichihara (市原 隼人, born 1987), Japanese actor
* Hayato Ikeda (池田 勇人, 1899–1965), Japanese politician and Prime Minister
* Hayato Isomura (磯村 勇斗, born 1992), Japanese actor
* Hayato Juumonji (born 1967), or Takehito Koyasu, Japanese voice actor
* Kitakachidoki Hayato (北勝鬨 準人, born 1966), Japanese sumo wrestler
* Hayato Matsuo (松尾 早人, born 1965), Japanese composer
* Hayato Nakama (仲間 隼斗, born 1992), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Ochi (越智 隼人, born 1982), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Okamoto (disambiguation), multiple people
* Hayato Okanaka (岡中 勇人, born 1968), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Onozuka (小野塚 勇人, born 1993), Japanese actor
* Hayato Otani (大谷 駿斗, born 1997), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Sakamoto (坂本 勇人, born 1988), Japanese baseball player
* Hayato Sakurai (桜井 速人, born 1975), Japanese mixed martial artist
* Hayato Sano (佐野 勇斗, born 1998), Japanese actor and member of boy group M!LK
* Hayato Sasaki (佐々木 勇人, born 1982), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Sumino (角野隼斗, born 1995), Japanese pianist
* Hayato Suzuki (鈴木 隼人, born 1982), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Takagi (高木 勇人, born 1989), Japanese baseball player
* Hayato Tani (谷 隼人, born 1946), Japanese actor
* Hayato Terahara (寺原 隼人, born 1983), Japanese baseball player
* Hayato Yano (矢野 隼人, born 1980), Japanese footballer
* Hayato Yoshida (吉田 隼人, born 1989), Japanese cyclist
* Daieishō Hayato (大栄翔 勇人, born 1993), Japanese sumo wrestler

## Fictional characters

* Hayato Gokudera, a character in Katekyo Hitman Reborn! manga and anime
* Hayato Kanzaki, a character in Star Gladiator video game series
* Hayato Jin, a character in Getter Robo manga and anime
* Hayato Kobayashi, a character in Mobile Suit Gundam
* Hayato Maeda or Chumley Huffington, a character in Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX anime
* Hayato Kazami the main character of Future GPX Cyber Formula
* Hayato Nekketsu, a character from the Rival Schools video game series
* Hayato Matatagi, a character in Inazuma Eleven GO Galaxy