OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 3-alkylpyridinium

3-alkylpyridinium (3-AP) compounds are natural chemical compounds that are found in marine sponges belonging to the order Haplosclerida. Some polymers derived from 3-APs are anticholinesterase agents and show hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. More than 70 structurally different 3-APs have been isolated from marine sponges. However, not all such sponges contain 3-AP compounds. Variation in content of 3-APs has been detected even within a single sponge species collected from different geographical area. Although 3-APs look structurally quite simple, the structure elucidation by NMR spectroscopy is complicated by the fact that most of the methylene groups in the alkyl chains show the same chemical shift. Therefore, the 3-APs are an ideal test case for a combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

## History

The chemical studies on sponges of the order Haplosclerida started in 1978 with the work of Schmitz et al. on different species of the genus Haliclona with the aim to identify the compounds responsible for the high ichthyotoxicity of the aqueous extract of this sponge. They were able to isolate the toxic halitoxin, identified as a complex mixture of 3-alkylpyridinium polymeric salts.

## Biological activities

Some 3-APs have biological activities such as cytotoxicity, ichthyotoxicity, inhibition of bacterial growth, and enzyme inhibition. These activities largely depend on degree of polymerization. The 3-APs polymers possess antimicrobial activity with increase in polymers and show cytolytic, cytotoxic and antifouling activities. The most widely employed are cytotoxicity assays on different normal or transformed cell lines, or antimicrobial assays.

### Cytolytic activity

3-alkylpyridinium monomers and compounds are considered to have cytolytic activity but at present there are no such reports found that support this mechanism. It appears that the 3-APs compounds that are polymeric in nature are able to permeabilize the cells. In addition the compounds of alkylpyridines are found to be structurally similar to the cationic surfactants indicating that they might be cytolytically quite active in future.

### Cytotoxic activity

Almost all 3-APs compounds contains moderate cytotoxicity mechanism in concentration range of few micrograms per milliliter. Some of the cyclic alkylpyridinium compounds such as Cyclostellerramines and dehydrocyclostellettamines are reported to inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and histone deacetylase enzymes.

### Antifouling agents

Poly-APs and other natural 3-alkylpyridine are effective on preventing microbial film formation and the tests also confirm that poly-APs form antifouling activities.
# Kerekharaszt

Kerekharaszt is a village in Heves County, located in Northern Hungary Region of Hungary.
# Lepidium jaredii

Lepidium jaredii is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name Jared's pepperweed. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Joaquin Valley to just within the central Coast Ranges.

## Description

Lepidium jaredii is a mustardlike annual herb growing slender, erect stems up to about 70 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped and up to 10 centimeters long. There are two subspecies of the plant; ssp. jaredii, Jared's or Carrizo pepperweed, has yellow petals, whereas ssp. album, Panoche pepperweed, has white petals. Subspecies album is validly published, but not currently recognized in Jepson Manual 2.
The species appears to have a strict edaphic affinity for clay soils and particularly those with substantial gypsum and salt accumulation in the lower soil profile. For soils of ssp. album, the parent material is typically a marine shale, especially the Moreno shale formation. This soil is an extreme substrate type in which Lepidium jaredii typically dominates, relatively free of competition with other plant species. The soil is typically 3 to 5 inches of high shrink-swell clay topsoil (smectite clay; hard, cloddy when dry) over several inches of subsoil enriched in precipitated gypsum and salts (powdery when dry). The pH of the soils is typically very acidic (as low as 4.5).
Lepidium jaredii is of conservation concern as both ssp. jaredii and ssp. album have limited ranges. Subspecies jaredii is primarily restricted to Carrizo Plain and primarily at the south end of Soda Lake (Panorama Road) where there is a single very large population varying between several thousand to more than a million plants per year. The habitat is nearly level alkali sink (clay flat). The population is on land owned and protected by the Bureau of Land Management Bakersfield Field Office as Carrizo Plain National Monument. Other smaller populations occur farther north on private land near Kecks Corner in western Kern County. The habitat there is on hill slopes. Numerous widely distributed populations of ssp. album occur on hill slopes in western Fresno County and eastern San Benito County at Panoche Hills, Tumey Hills, Griswold Hills, Ciervo Hills, and Big Blue Hills. Much of its habitat is located on land owned and protected by the Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office.
The southernmost known population of ssp. album is located at Oil Canyon north of the city of Coalinga, while the northernmost population of ssp. jaredii is located near Kecks Corner. There is a separation in the known range of the two subspecies of about 40 air miles.
# Inter Revisjon

Inter Revisjon was until July 2011 a chain of accountancy companies located in Norway. Member companies mainly execute financial audit and related consultant services.
Inter Revisjon was established in December 1985, and is wholly owned by its Norwegian members. It was one of Norway's largest auditing chains.
Inter Revisjon had at the most 40 local offices across Norway, with approx. 400 employees. Head office was located in Trondheim. Most of the 18,000 clients were small and medium-sized enterprises.
Summer 2011 the chain merged into BDO Norway, which is member of the world's fifth largest accountancy network, BDO International.
# No Stranger (Tom Cochrane album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
No Stranger is Canadian singer Tom Cochrane's fifth solo studio album and first album for Universal Music Canada. Released in October 2006, it was his first album in seven years following Xray Sierra in 1999. No Stranger included the singles "Didn't Mean", "The Party's Not Over", "Northern Star", "Out of My Head", and a cover version of Norman Greenbaum's "Spirit in the Sky". The album debuted at #25 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

## Recording

Recording took place at Metalworks Studios and Layastone. Cochrane produced the album and mixed it at his studio in Northern Ontario. Red Rider bandmates Ken Greer and Jeff Jones performed on the album. No Stranger received a Juno Award nomination for Canadian Adult Alternative Album of the Year.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tom Cochrane unless otherwise noted
# Remote Data Services

Remote Data Services (RDS, formerly known as Advanced Data Connector or ADC) is an older technology that is part of Microsoft SQL Server, and used in conjunction with ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). RDS allowed the retrieval of a set of data from a database server, which the client then altered in some way and then sent back to the server for further processing. With the popular adoption of Transact-SQL, which extends the SQL programming with constructs such as loops and conditional statements, RDS became less necessary and it was eventually deprecated in Microsoft Data Access Components version 2.7. Microsoft produced SOAP Toolkit 2.0, which allows clients to do this via an open XML-based standard.
# Jacob Nunnemacher

Jacob "Jake" Nunnemacher (1819–ca. 1876), was a prominent businessman from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is known for the Nunnemacher Grand Opera House and also for the Nunnemacher Distillery which operated from 1842 to 1862.

## Background

Nunnemacher was born in a German-speaking area of Switzerland. He emigrated to New Orleans in 1841, and then moved to Milwaukee in 1843 because of its large German–speaking population.

## Meat market and distillery

Nunnemacher first sold meat at a stall in the public market, and then went on to buy a large two–story building. He had his meat market below and lived above with his family. He bought an additional property in the Town of Lake in 1854, which later became a part of Milwaukee. He had a cattle farm and distillery there. His home included a saloon.

## Nunnemacher Grand Opera House

Nunnemacher and his son Hermann built the Nunnemacher Grand Opera House in 1871. It spanned an entire block and was three stories high. It was later sold to Frederick Pabst who renamed the theater Das Neue Deutsche Stadt-Theater, or Stadt Theater. The theater suffered a large fire, was rebuilt and is now known as Pabst Theater, which is still in operation today.

## Criminal involvement

Nunnemacher eventually sold his distillery, which went on to become the Kinnickinnic Distillery.
However, in 1875 Nunnemacher was caught in the Whiskey Ring, and he was convicted and sent to prison for six months. The courts felt that he had conspired with the new owner of the distillery with manufacturing and removing illicit spirits, and that Jacob and his son, Hermann, were still operating as employees there and paying off tax revenue agents to avoid paying a $2 per barrel tax on whiskey.
Nunnemacher spent two months in jail. His influential Republican friends petitioned President Ulysses S. Grant for a pardon, which was granted.

## Death

Nunnemacher died the same year he was released from prison.

## Family

The Nunnemachers became one of Milwaukee's most prominent families, heavily involved in the business community, especially banking, manufacturing, and grain/shipping. Jacob's son Robert Nunnemacher founded Galland Henning Nopak, Inc., then a manufacturer of pneumatic malting equipment for the beer brewing industry. Now in its 132nd year of operation, the company remains family-owned with fourth-generation member Heath A. Nunnemacher serving as chairman of the board.
# AktionsGemeinschaft

AktionsGemeinschaft (AG) is an Austrian students' organization. In the last national-wide election in 2023, it regained its position as the second strongest political faction in the Federal Parliament of the Austrian Students' Association, winning 12 out of 55 mandates. Overall, it considers itself to be non-partisan, but is politically close to the Austrian People's Party, which temporarily funded parts of its activities in the 1990s.
AktionGemeinschaft is currently chaired by Muhammed Durmaz, who was elected as its chairman in 2022. The organization was founded in the early 1980s by a merger of the Austrian Students' Union (ideologically close to the Austrian People's Party) and the non-partisan service-oriented Austrian Students' Forum. Many of its members have also been active in various Christian and conservative students' organisations.
AktionsGemeinschaft is a member organisation of the European Democrat Students. Founded in Vienna by Scandinavian, German and Austrian students in 1961, the Freie Österreichische Studentenschaft, a legal predecessor of AG, was one of its initial members. At European level, AktionsGemeinschaft is today represented by its International Secretary, Anna Vorderwinkler.

## Famous former members

Gerald Bast, Gunther Fehlinger-Jahn, Andreas Maislinger, Wilhelm Molterer, Gerfried Sperl, Ernst Strasser, Matthias Strolz, Markus Wallner, Harald Mahrer.
# George Laking

Sir George Robert Laking KCMG (15 October 1912 – 10 January 2008) was a New Zealand diplomat who served as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to the United States, Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Chief Ombudsman.

## Early life

Laking was born in Auckland, and educated at Auckland Grammar School, before completing his LLB at Victoria University College. He started working in the New Zealand Customs Department in 1929, before moving to the Prime Minister's Department in the fledgling Foreign Ministry. In 1940, Laking became head of the Organisation for National Security, managing the War Cabinet Secretariat, a post he held until 1948.

## Early postings

In 1949, Laking was appointed Minister to the New Zealand Embassy in Washington, serving as deputy to Ambassador Carl Berendsen, for seven years. During this time, Laking was frequently the main point of contact between New Zealand and the US administration, owing to Berendsen's substantial involvement in the establishment of the United Nations as Permanent Representative to that organisation.
Laking returned to Wellington in 1956, following the death of deputy secretary Foss Shanahan, to act as Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs under Alister McIntosh. Laking was Acting High Commissioner to London from 1958 to 1961.

## Ambassador to Washington

Laking was based in Washington as Ambassador to the United States from 1961 to 1967. This was considered to be the most important of New Zealand's foreign postings, due to the prominence of the United States, and the shift of allegiance away from the United Kingdom towards the US. During this time, the key themes were the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and under President Lyndon B. Johnson, the tumultuous years of escalation of US involvement in Vietnam. Laking supported New Zealand involvement in Vietnam, and was under pressure from the US Government for New Zealand to send combat troops to the conflict. McIntosh was less supportive of the idea, but Defence Chiefs in Wellington, with the notable exception of Defence Secretary Jack Hunn, and politicians unwilling to offend US interests, supported the move.

## Secretary of Foreign Affairs

In 1967, Laking returned to Wellington where he succeeded McIntosh in the posts of Secretary of Foreign Affairs and as head of the Prime Minister's Department. He retired from the position of secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in October 1972 when he was replaced by Frank Corner. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1969 New Year Honours.

## Chief Ombudsman

Laking was appointed an Ombudsman in 1975, working under Sir Guy Powles. In 1977, Laking succeeded Powles as Chief Ombudsman, holding that post until 1984. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1985 Queen's Birthday Honours.
Laking chaired the government commission which recommended changes in the alcohol licensing laws. These resulted in the 1989 Sale of Liquor Act.
# Sky Vision

Sky Vision was a production and distribution company founded by Carl Hall in 2002 as Parthenon Media Group and was acquired and rebranded by Sky in 2012 as Sky Vision. The business had investments in nine production businesses in the UK and US: Love Productions, Blast Films!, Sugar Films, True North, Parthenon Entertainment, Chrysalis Vision and Sky Vision Productions in the United Kingdom, and Jupiter Entertainment, Talos Films and Znak & Co. in the United States.
In addition to its investments, the company also worked with independent producers in the UK and US including Asylum Entertainment, Double Nickel Entertainment and Peacock Alley Entertainment in North America, and Avanti Media, Bohemia, Chalkboard, LittleRock Pictures, Merman Films and Spring Films in the United Kingdom.

## History

Parthenon was founded in April 2002 by Carl Hall, the former managing director at HIT Entertainment subsidiary HIT Wildlife. After HIT decided to focus exclusively on its children's properties, they accepted a management buyout from Hall to purchase all of HIT Wildlife's assets including its 30 hours of programming in production and its 300-hour library.
In November 2007, investment company Arkaga Fund purchased Parthenon Entertainment. Two months later, Arkaga's children's management division Entara Ltd. was folded under Parthenon Entertainment, with the combined business rebranding as the Parthenon Entertainment Group. This allowed for Parthenon to expand to the children's media and licensing market.
In July 2009, Carl Hall purchased back Parthenon from Arkaga Fund after they filed for administration. Hall rebranded the business as the Parthenon Media Group.
In April 2019, it was announced that Sky Vision's distribution business would be folded into Comcast's NBCUniversal Global Distribution. On 1 October, Sky Vision Distribution officially merged with NBCUniversal Global Distribution. Production assets were transferred to newly founded Sky Studios in the same year.
# Muldoon

Muldoon (Irish: Ó Maoldúin) is an Irish family name. It is represented throughout the world where descendants of emigrants of people bearing that name have settled; e.g. U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries.
Muldoon is an anglicisation of the Irish surname Ó Maoldúin, meaning "descendant of Maoldúin". The personal name Maolduin is composed of the elements "maol," meaning "chieftain," and "dún," meaning "fortress," or "chief of the fortress." Máel Dúin was one of the Kings from Mag Rath in Dál Riata, a Gaelic 'kingdom' that covered parts of north-eastern Ulster and south-western Scotland (see List of the kings of Dál Riata), Máel Dúin mac Conaill (died c. 689).
According to The Surnames of Ireland by Edward MacLysaght, there are three distinct septs of Muldoon: Galway (around Uí Maine), Clare (whose names were generally Anglicised to Malone), and in Co. Fermanagh where the name is most common.
The family motto is Pro Fide Et Patria, Latin for "For Faith and Country".

## Notable Muldoons

* Bristow Muldoon, Scottish politician
* Enda Muldoon, Gaelic footballer
* John Muldoon, Connacht Rugby Pro 12 winning captain
* Patrick Muldoon, American actor
* Paul Muldoon, Northern Ireland poet
* Pete Muldoon, American ice hockey coach
* Rhys Muldoon, Australian actor
* Sir Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984
* Royston Maldoom, choreographer
* Sylvan Muldoon, American writer
* William Muldoon, professional wrestler
* Martin Muldoon, Professional Wrestler aka Luther Valentine

## Fictional characters

* The Muldoon Family, fictional characters at the centre of Netflix's The Sinner, Season 4 (2022)
* Officer Francis Muldoon, a fictional character in the television show Car 54, Where Are You? and the movie of the same name
* Seamus Muldoon, fictional character in Survival of the Dead
* Robert Muldoon, a fictional character in the Jurassic Park series of novels and films
* Spotty Muldoon, a fictional character created by Peter Cook, and featured in his 1965 song The Ballad of Spotty Muldoon
* Stoat Muldoon, a fictional character in the animated series Butt-Ugly Martians.
* Roberta Muldoon, a fictional character played by John Lithgow in The World According to Garp
* Skip Muldoon, a fictional character in the video game Hitman: Blood Money
* Jo Muldoon, a fictional character in the Lady Gregory play, "Spreading the News"
* Detective Muldoon, a fictional character in the 2020 film The Grudge
* Percy Muldoon, a fictional character in the TV series The Sinner season fourth
* Shane Muldoon, a fictional character in the TV series Longmire season five and six

## Others

* Solid Muldoon, a supposedly preserved prehistoric body, actually a hoax
* Sgt. Muldoon (pro-wrestler) ring name of John Callahan
# 2020 Finnish Cup

The 2020 Finnish Cup is the 66th season of the Finnish Cup football competition.
Until the 2017–2018 season, the tournament was held in the autumn-spring schedule from July to September of the following year. The introduction of this new format of the contest meant that the League Cup was suspended.
The winner of the Finnish Cup qualifies for the 2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League.

## Teams

| Round | Dates | Clubs involved | Winners from previous round | New entries this round | Leagues entering this round |
| First round (group stage) | 25 January – 29 February 2020 | 24 | - | - | Veikkausliiga (12), Ykkönen (12). |
| 1/8 finals | 16–17 June 2020 | 16 | 12 | 4 | |
| Quarter-finals | 23–24 June 2020 | 8 | | – | |
| Semi-finals | 27–28 June 2020 | 4 | | – | |
| Finals | 3 October 2020 | 2 | | – | |

## Group stage

The teams participating in the Group Stage were the teams of Veikkausliiga (12), Ykkönen (12). The group stage was played between January and February 2020 with teams divided into 4 divisional groups, two groups with Veikkausliiga and Ykkönen teams. The four best teams of the Veikkausliiga A and B groups, the first two teams of the Ykkönen A and B teams, and the winners of Kakkonen groups continued in the eighth finals.

### Veikkausliiga – Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| HJK | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 13 |
| Inter Turku | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 10 |
| Honka | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
| TPS Turku | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | −3 | 5 |
| HIFK | 5 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 3 |
| IFK Mariehamn | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 11 | −6 | 2 |

### Veikkausliiga – Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| FC Ilves | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 4 | +6 | 11 |
| KuPS | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 2 | +6 | 11 |
| FC Haka | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 3 | +4 | 11 |
| FC Lahti | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 7 | −1 | 6 |
| SJK | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 11 | −7 | 1 |
| RoPS | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 11 | −8 | 1 |

### Ykkönen – Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| KTP | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 3 | +6 | 13 |
| MP | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 9 |
| Ekenäs IF | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | −1 | 7 |
| Gnistan | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| MuSa | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 9 | −3 | 5 |
| MYPA | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 12 | −5 | 3 |

### Ykkönen – Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| AC Oulu | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 6 | +7 | 11 |
| KPV | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 8 |
| VPS | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| AC Kajaani | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 7 |
| FF Jaro | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 9 | −2 | 4 |
| K07 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 13 | −10 | 4 |
# Emily Menashes

Emily Menashes is an American government official serving as the acting assistant secretary for oceans and atmosphere and acting administrator for National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) since 2025. She has been the NMFS deputy assistant administrator for operations at since 2023.

## Early life and education

Menashes grew up in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. She attended Bowdoin College, where she earned a B.A. in biology and environmental studies. She later obtained a M.S. in marine resource management from Oregon State University.

## Career

Menashes began her career as a Knauss Sea Grant Fellow at National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). She remained with the agency for the next 17 years, working in the Office of Protected Resources and the Office of Sustainable Fisheries. During this time, she served as deputy director in the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, where she handled national policy and regulatory issues related to marine fishery resources and seafood management.
Menashes later held leadership positions across multiple National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) line offices, including NOAA Fisheries, National Ocean Service (NOS), and Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). At NOS, she served as chief of staff, and she also held the role of senior policy advisor and acting NOAA deputy chief of staff. She completed a one-year detail as deputy director for ocean and coastal policy with the Council on Environmental Quality.
Menashes was deputy assistant administrator for programs and administration at OAR. In September 2023, she was appointed deputy assistant administrator for operations at NMFS. In this role, she oversees the agency's budget and facilities operations, along with the several headquarters offices. In early 2025, Menashes began performing the duties of acting assistant secretary for oceans and atmosphere and acting assistant administrator for NFMS, succeeding Janet Coit.

## Personal life

Menashes resides in Silver Spring, Maryland.