# List of Soviet records in athletics

The following are the national records in athletics for the Soviet Union. These records were maintained by the Soviet Athletics Federation during the country's existence until its dissolution in 1991. The Soviet Union coincided with a successful period in athletics for the region, resulting in many national records being world and European records as well. Athletes from the Republics of the Soviet Union were eligible for national records. Many of the records have been improved upon since by athletes from the post-Soviet states.

## Outdoor
### Men

| Event | Mark | Republic | Athlete | Date | Competition | Location | Note |
| 100 m | 10.07 (±0.0 m/s) | Ukrainian SSR | Valeriy Borzov | 31 August 1972 | Olympic Games | Munich, West Germany | |
| 200 m | 20.00 (±0.0 m/s) | Ukrainian SSR | Valeriy Borzov | 4 September 1972 | Olympic Games | Munich, West Germany | |
| 400 m | 44.60 | Russian SFSR | Viktor Markin | 30 July 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 800 m | 1:44.10 | Russian SFSR | Vladimir Graudyn | 2 July 1988 | Bislett Games | Oslo, Norway | |
| 1000 m | 2:16.0 h | Russian SFSR | Vladimir Malozemlin | 11 June 1981 | | Kiev, Soviet Union | |
| 1500 m | 3:34.49 | Russian SFSR | Igor Lotaryov | 30 August 1985 | Memorial Van Damme | Brussels, Belgium | |
| 3000 m | 7:42.0 h | Russian SFSR | Mikhail Dasko | 20 August 1989 | ASV Sports Festival | Cologne, West Germany | |
| 5000 m | 13:11.99 | Russian SFSR | Valeriy Abramov | 9 September 1981 | Rieti Meeting | Rieti, Italy | |
| 10,000 m | 27:31.5 h | Lithuanian SSR | Aleksandras Antipovas | 29 August 1978 | | Prague, Czechoslovakia | |
| 20,000 m | 59:02.0 h | Russian SFSR | Rashid Sharafetdinov | 2 May 1971 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| Hour run | 20,400 m | Kazakh SSR | Nikolay Penzin | 15 August 1977 | | Moscow, USSR | |
| 25,000 m | 1:17:34,0 | Russian SFSR | Albert Ivanov | 27 September 1955 | | Moscow, USSR | |
| 25 km (road) | 1:15:22 | Russian SFSR | Vladimir Merkushin | 30 April 1978 | | Helsinki, Finland | |
| 30,000 m | 1:31:39,0 | Ukrainian SSR | Anatoly Skrypnik | 1972 | | | |
| 30 km (road) | 1:29:55 | Russian SFSR | Leonid Tikhonov | September 1988 | Run Pushkin - Leningrad | Leningrad, USSR | |
| Marathon | 2:09:17 | Russian SFSR | Yakov Tolstikov | 21 April 1991 | London Marathon | London, United Kingdom | |
| 100 km (road) | 6:24:24 | Russian SFSR | Konstantin Santalov | 19 October 1991 | 100 km of Amiens | Amiens, France | |
| 24 hours | 266,050 m | Russian SFSR | Alexander Komissarenko | September 1982 | | Tula, Soviet Union | |
| 48 hours | 427,526 m | Russian SFSR | Valery Gubar | 9 May 1991 | Surgères 48 Hour Race | Surgères, France | |
| 6 days | 836,650 m | Russian SFSR | Rustem Giniatullin | 26 October - 1 November 1991 | | Odessa, Soviet Union | |
| 110 m hurdles | 13.20 (+1.8 m/s) | Russian SFSR | Aleksandr Markin | 11 June 1988 | Brothers Znamensky Memorial | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 400 m hurdles | 47.92 | Byelorussian SSR | Aleksandr Vasilyev | 17 August 1985 | European Cup "A" Final | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 2000 m steeplechase | 5:27.89 | Ukrainian SSR | Nikolay Matyushenko | July 29, 1989 | | Ostrava, Czechoslovakia | |
| 3000 m steeplechase | 8:15.54 | Russian SFSR | Ivan Konovalov | 18 August 1985 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| High jump | 2.41 m | Kyrgyz SSR | Igor Paklin | 4 September 1985 | Universiade | Kobe, Japan | |
| Pole vault | 6.10 m | Ukrainian SSR | Sergey Bubka | 5 August 1991 | MAI Gala | Malmö, Sweden | |
| Long jump | 8.86 m AR | Armenian SSR | Robert Emmiyan | May 22, 1987 | | Tsaghkadzor, Soviet Union | (+1.9 m/s) |
| Triple jump | 17.90 m | Ukrainian SSR | Volodymyr Inozemtsev | 20 June 1990 | | Bratislava, Czechoslovakia | (+1.0 m/s) |
| Shot put | 22.24 m | Russian SFSR | Sergey Smirnov | 21 June 1988 | USSR vs GDR match | Tallinn, Soviet Union | |
| Discus throw | 71.86 m | Russian SFSR | Yuriy Dumchev | 29 June 1983 | Spartakiade | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| Hammer throw | 86.74 m WR | Russian SFSR | Yuriy Sedykh | August 30, 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | |
| Javelin throw | 85.16 m | Kazakh SSR | Viktor Yevsyukov | 21 June 1987 | | Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany | |
| Javelin throw (old model) | 94.20 m | Estonian SSR | Heino Puuste | 5 June 1983 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |
| Decathlon | 8709 points | Ukrainian SSR | Oleksandr Apaychev | 2–3 June 1984 | | Neubrandenburg, East Germany | |
| Decathlon | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | 10.96 (100 m) , 7.57 m (length) , 16.00 m (core) , 1.97 m (height) , 48.72 (400 m) / 13.93 (110 m with barriers) , 48.00 m (disc) , 4.90 m (pole) , 72.24 m (spear) , 4:26.51 (1500 m) | |
| 10,000 m walk | 38:18.0 | Lithuanian SSR | Valdas Kazlauskas | 18 September 1983 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 20,000 m walk | 1:19:22.5 | Russian SFSR | Aleksey Pershin | May 7, 1988 | | Bergen, Norway | |
| 20 km walk | 1:18:20 | Russian SFSR | Andrey Perlov | May 26, 1990 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 50,000 m walk | 3:46:11,0 | Ukrainian SSR | Nikolay Udovenko | October 3, 1980 | | Uzhhorod, Soviet Union | |
| 50 km walk | 3:37:41 | Russian SFSR | Andrey Perlov | 4 August 1989 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 4 × 100 m relay | 38.02 | Soviet Union | Aleksandr Yevgenyev Viktor Bryzhin Vladimir Muravyov Vladimir Krylov | 6 September 1987 | World Championship | Rome, Italy | |
| 4 × 200 m relay | 1:23.67 | Soviet Union | Vladimir Muravyov Andrey Shlyapnikov Vitaliy Fedotov Viktor Burakov | 20 June 1981 | | Bourges, France | |
| 4 × 400 m relay | 3:00.16 | Soviet Union | Sergey Lovachov Yevgeniy Lomtyev Aleksandr Kurochkin Viktor Markin | 18 August 1984 | Friendship Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 4 × 800 m relay | 7:07,4 | Soviet Union | Leonid Masunov Alexander Kostetskiy Vasily Matveev Victor Kalinkin | 5 August 1984 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 4 × 1500 m relay | 14:45.63 | Soviet Union | Anatoly Kalutsky Pavel Yakovlev Anatoly Legeda Igor Lotaryov | 4 August 1985 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |

### Women

| Event | Mark | Republic | Athlete | Date | Competition | Location | Note |
| 100 metres | 10.87 X | Russian SFSR | Lyudmila Kondratyeva | 3 June 1980 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 100 metres | 10.98 | Russian SFSR | Marina Zhirova | 17 August 1985 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | (wind: +0.1 m/s) |
| 200 metres | 22.19 | Russian SFSR | Natalya Bochina | July 30, 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | (wind: +1.5 m/s) |
| 400 metres | 48.27 | Ukrainian SSR | Olha Bryzhina | 6 October 1985 | 1985 IAAF World Cup | Canberra, Australia | |
| 800 metres | 1:53.43 | Ukrainian SSR | Nadiya Olizarenko | July 27, 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 1000 metres | 2:30,6 | Russian SFSR | Tatyana Providokhina | 20 August 1978 | | Podolsk, Soviet Union | |
| 1500 metres | 3:52.47 AR | Russian SFSR | Tatyana Kazankina | August 13, 1980 | Weltklasse Zürich | Zürich, Switzerland | |
| Mile run | 4:15.8 | Russian SFSR | Natalya Artyomova | 5 August 1984 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 2000 metres | 5:28.72 | Russian SFSR | Tatyana Kazankina | 4 August 1984 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 3000 metres | 8:22.62 | Russian SFSR | Tatyana Kazankina | August 26, 1984 | | Leningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 5000 metres | 14:54.08 | Russian SFSR | Natalya Artyomova | 9 September 1985 | | Podolsk, Soviet Union | |
| 10,000 metres | 30:57.21 | Russian SFSR | Olga Bondarenko | August 30, 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | |
| 15 kilometres | 48:44 | Russian SFSR | Nadezhda Ilyina | October 13, 1991 | | Nieuwegein, Netherlands | |
| 30 kilometres | 1:44:31+ | Kazakh SSR | Zoya Ivanova | November 15, 1987 | | Tokyo, Japan | |
| Marathon | 2:27:05 | Ukrainian SSR | Tatyana Polovinskaya | September 23, 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | |
| 100 km (road) | 8:05:47 | Russian SFSR | Nadezhda Gumerova | 26 May 1991 | IAU 100 km World Championships | Faenza, Italy | |
| 24-hour run | 222,000 m | Latvian SSR | Tamara Merzlikina | May 27, 1989 | 24 hours of Mitersill | Mittersill, Austria | |
| 6-day run | 506 km | Russian SFSR | Lidiya Ivanova | October 26 - November 1, 1991 | | Odessa, Soviet Union | |
| 100 m hurdles | 12.28 | Russian SFSR | Lyudmila Narozhilenko | July 11, 1991 | | Kiev, Soviet Union | (wind: +1.8 m/s) |
| 400 m hurdles | 52.94 | Russian SFSR | Marina Stepanova | 17 September 1986 | | Tashkent, Soviet Union | |
| 2000 m steeplechase | 6:16.41 | Russian SFSR | Marina Pluzhnikova | 2 August 1988 | | Kiev, Soviet Union | |
| High jump | 2.05 m | Russian SFSR | Tamara Bykova | 22 June 1984 | | Kiev, Soviet Union | |
| Long jump | 7.52 m WR | Russian SFSR | Galina Chistyakova | 11 June 1988 | Brothers Znamensky Memorial | Leningrad, Soviet Union | (wind: +1.4 m/s) |
| Triple jump | 14.95 m | Ukrainian SSR | Inessa Kravets | 10 June 1991 | Brothers Znamensky Memorial | Moscow, Soviet Union | (wind: -0.2 m/s) |
| Shot put | 22.63 m WR | Russian SFSR | Natalya Lisovskaya | 7 June 1987 | Brothers Znamensky Memorial | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| Discus throw | 73.28 m | Russian SFSR | Galina Savinkova | September 9, 1984 | Soviet Athletics Championships | Donetsk, Soviet Union | |
| Javelin throw | 70.08 m | Uzbek SSR | Tatyana Biryulina | 2 July 1980 | | Podolsk, Soviet Union | |
| Heptathlon | 7007 pts | Russian SFSR | Larisa Nikitina | 10–11 June 1989 | Soviet Championships | Bryansk, Soviet Union | |
| Heptathlon | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | 13.40 (100 m with barriers), 1.89 m (height), 16.45 m (core), 23.97 (200 (length), 53.94 m (spear), 2.15.31 (800 m) | |
| 5000 m walk | 20:50,6 | Russian SFSR | Alina Ivanova | July 15, 1989 | | Bryansk, Soviet Union | |
| 5 km walk | 20:36 | Russian SFSR | Alina Ivanova | 21 April 1991 | | Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain | |
| 10,000 m walk | 41:56.23 WR | Russian SFSR | Nadezhda Ryashkina | 24 July 1990 | Goodwill Games | Seattle, United States | |
| 10 km walk | 42:16 | Russian SFSR | Alina Ivanova | May 27, 1989 | | Novopolotsk, Soviet Union | |
| 20 km walk | 1:30:42 | Byelorussian SSR | Olga Kardopoltseva | April 29, 1990 | | Kaliningrad, Soviet Union | |
| 4 × 100 m relay | 42.00 | Soviet Union | Antonina Pobyubko Natalya Pomoshchnikova-Voronova Marina Zhirova Elvira Barbashina | 17 August 1985 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 4 × 400 m relay | 3:15.17 WR | Soviet Union | Tatyana Ledovskaya Olga Nazarova Mariya Pinigina Olha Bryzhina | October 1, 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | |
| 4 × 800 m relay | 7:50.17 WR | Soviet Union | Nadiya Olizarenko Lyubov Gurina Lyudmila Borisova Irina Podyalovskaya | 5 August 1984 | | Moscow, Soviet Union | |
| 100 km relay | 27:01:02 | Soviet Union | Nadezhda Gumerova Maria Ostrovskaya Tamara Merzlikina | May 25, 1991 | IAU 100 km World Championships | Faenza, Italy | |
* + = the result is shown en route to a longer distance
* X = unratified records