# Rockdale County, Georgia

Rockdale County is a county located in the North Central portion in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,570 up from 85,215 in 2010. The county seat is Conyers.
Rockdale County is included in Metro Atlanta.

## History

Rockdale County was formed on October 18, 1870 and received its name from Rockdale Baptist Church (est. 1846), which was named after the granite strata that rests under the county's red clay top soil. A bill introduced by John F. Hardin and John Harris carved Rockdale out of the northern portion of Newton County; parts of Rockdale County also came from neighboring Henry, Walton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties. Conyers, Rockdale's only incorporated town and urban center, became the county seat.
Prior to Rockdale becoming a county, the land had been inhabited by the Creek and Cherokee; the boundary between the two native nations, the Hightower Trail, ran directly through the area. Burial remains have been discovered in the Honey Creek and Hi-Roc areas. Whites began migrating to the area in the early 19th century and initial white settlers suffered from Indian raids. Early white settlements developed along Big Haynes Creek in the northern part of the county, the Yellow River in the middle portion of the county, and Honey Creek in the south.
Communities formed around grist mills and newly formed churches such as Haralson Mill, Costleys Mill, Dial Mill, Zacharys Mill, McElroys Mill, Union Grove Baptist Church, Ebenezer Methodist Church, Philadelphia Methodist Church, Salem Baptist Church, Smyrna Presbyterian Church, Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, Bethel Christian Church, Honey Creek Baptist Church, and Whites Chapel Methodist Church. Other communities included Magnet and Zingara. These settlers were largely subsistence farmers.
During the American Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman marched the Union Army north of Conyers on his way to Covington from Lithonia. Seizure and destruction of property accompanied his army's march through the area. Many of the residents of Conyers, fearing Sherman would raze the city, fled to nearby Social Circle in Walton County, since Conyers was an important stop on the Georgia Railroad, but Conyers remained unscathed by the war.
The city is a fine example of residential and commercial architecture of the 19th century. According to a historical marker on U.S. Highway 278 west of Conyers, Major General Joseph Wheeler of the Confederate States Army and part of his staff were captured by Union troops pursuing Jefferson Davis on May 9, 1865. Wheeler was later released in Athens only to be recaptured again. He was wounded three times and had his horse shot out from under him sixteen times.
During Reconstruction, Conyers and Rockdale County experienced tremendous growth. According to the local newspaper, The Weekly Farmer, the population of Conyers increased from 300 to 2,000. The number of stores, businesses, schools, and churches of the county rapidly multiplied as well. Parts of the county were infamous for moonshining and the county became dry in 1882, prohibiting the sale and manufacture of liquor except by a licensed pharmacist as prescribed by a physician. The economy of the county was still based primarily on agriculture into the early 20th century. The PBS documentary The Lost Children of Rockdale County is about a syphilis outbreak which occurred in the county during the 1990s.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 132 square miles (340 km$^2$), of which 130 square miles (340 km$^2$) is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km$^2$) (1.7%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Georgia by area, ahead of Clarke County.
The entirety of Rockdale County is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin.

### Adjacent counties

* Newton County – Southeast
* Henry County – southwest
* DeKalb County – west
* Walton County – northeast
* Gwinnett County – north

## Communities
### City

* Conyers

### Census-designated place

* Lakeview Estates

## Demographics

Rockdale County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the U.S. census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 50,967 | 34,826 | 24,500 | 72.69% | 40.87% | 26.18% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 12,670 | 38,996 | 53,785 | 18.07% | 45.76% | 57.48% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 166 | 179 | 168 | 0.24% | 0.21% | 0.18% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 1,339 | 1,498 | 1,532 | 1.91% | 1.76% | 1.64% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 36 | 52 | 72 | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.08% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 100 | 230 | 617 | 0.14% | 0.27% | 0.66% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 651 | 1,371 | 3,356 | 0.93% | 1.61% | 3.59% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4,182 | 8,063 | 9,540 | 5.96% | 9.46% | 10.20% |
| Total | 70,111 | 85,215 | 93,570 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 93,570 people, 32,792 households, and 23,533 families residing in the county.
In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $53,599, and the median income for a family was $60,065. Males had a median income of $41,087 versus $29,189 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,300. About 5.70% of families and 8.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.00% of those under age 18 and 7.70% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and policing
### Rockdale County Sheriff

The Sheriff's Office provides police patrol to the county areas other than in Conyers which has a municipal police department. The Sheriff also protects the court, maintains the county prison, and provides administration services.

## Politics

A former Republican stronghold, Rockdale County has undergone a massive shift towards the Democratic Party in recent decades, primarily due to large growth of the African-American population. In 2000, Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush won 62.64% of the county's vote, defeating Democrat Al Gore by 29 percentage points. However, just 20 years later, Democratic nominee Joe Biden won 69.88% of the county's vote, defeating Republican incumbent Donald Trump by nearly 41 percentage points. Contrary to national and statewide trends, Rockdale County delivered an even larger margin for Democratic nominee Kamala Harris in 2024, who defeated Republican nominee Donald Trump by 47 percentage points even as Trump narrowly flipped the state of Georgia back to the GOP column.
United States presidential election results for Rockdale County, Georgia :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 11,711 | 25.75% | 33,165 | 72.94% | 595 | 1.31% |
| 2020 | 13,014 | 29.11% | 31,237 | 69.88% | 448 | 1.00% |
| 2016 | 13,478 | 35.39% | 23,255 | 61.06% | 1,354 | 3.56% |
| 2012 | 15,716 | 41.19% | 22,023 | 57.72% | 417 | 1.09% |
| 2008 | 16,921 | 44.78% | 20,526 | 54.32% | 337 | 0.89% |
| 2004 | 18,856 | 60.42% | 12,136 | 38.89% | 214 | 0.69% |
| 2000 | 15,440 | 62.64% | 8,295 | 33.65% | 914 | 3.71% |
| 1996 | 13,006 | 57.31% | 7,656 | 33.73% | 2,034 | 8.96% |
| 1992 | 11,945 | 52.64% | 7,003 | 30.86% | 3,742 | 16.49% |
| 1988 | 12,413 | 73.77% | 4,330 | 25.73% | 83 | 0.49% |
| 1984 | 10,121 | 75.46% | 3,291 | 24.54% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 5,300 | 52.65% | 4,395 | 43.66% | 372 | 3.70% |
| 1976 | 2,974 | 39.06% | 4,640 | 60.94% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 3,560 | 81.82% | 791 | 18.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 1,195 | 25.85% | 1,213 | 26.24% | 2,215 | 47.91% |
| 1964 | 1,503 | 43.25% | 1,972 | 56.75% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 496 | 21.94% | 1,765 | 78.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 484 | 21.39% | 1,779 | 78.61% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 321 | 16.16% | 1,665 | 83.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 146 | 9.86% | 1,209 | 81.63% | 126 | 8.51% |
| 1944 | 96 | 9.21% | 946 | 90.79% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 86 | 6.23% | 1,291 | 93.55% | 3 | 0.22% |
| 1936 | 73 | 8.01% | 837 | 91.88% | 1 | 0.11% |
| 1932 | 18 | 3.73% | 461 | 95.45% | 4 | 0.83% |
| 1928 | 156 | 24.84% | 472 | 75.16% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 24 | 5.53% | 382 | 88.02% | 28 | 6.45% |
| 1920 | 201 | 29.17% | 488 | 70.83% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 56 | 9.05% | 490 | 79.16% | 73 | 11.79% |
| 1912 | 51 | 10.32% | 432 | 87.45% | 11 | 2.23% |
Board of Commissioners :
| District | Commissioner | Party |
| CHAIR (at-large) | JaNice Van Ness (chairwoman) | Democratic |
| Post 1 | Tuwanya Smith | Democratic |
| Post 2 | Doreen Williams | Democratic |

## Recreation

* Georgia International Horse Park
* Black Shoals Lake and Covered Bridge
* Old Towne Conyers Historic District
* Monastery of the Holy Spirit
* Salem Campground
* Smyrna Campground
* Milstead Historic Mill Village
* Panola Mountain State Park
* Rockdale Baptist Church
* Georgia Revolution FC

## Transportation
### Major highways

* I-20 / US 278 / SR 12 / SR 402
* SR 20
* SR 138
* SR 162
* SR 212

### Pedestrians and cycling

* Arabia Mountain Path
* Conyers Trail
* Deer Run Trial
* Rockdale River Trail
* S River Trail

## Notable people

* Jill Arrington, ESPN college football reporter
* Billy Buckner, former Major League Baseball player
* Pop-punk band Cartel's Will Pugh, Joseph Pepper, Jeff Lett, Nic Hudson, & Kevin Sanders
* David Elder, former Major League Baseball player
* Dakota Fanning, actress
* Elle Fanning, actress
* Holly Hunter, actress
* John Mark Karr, JonBenét Ramsey's falsely claimed murderer
* Clint Mathis, World Cup soccer player
* Jack McBrayer, actor
* Kevin Ware, current college basketball player
* E.R. Shipp - Pulitzer Prize recipient
* Grady Jarrett - NFL player