OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Thaddeus

Michael Thaddeus (born January 12, 1967) is an American mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Columbia University. He is best known for having been a whistleblower in exposing deliberately misleading data submitted by Columbia University to U.S. News & World Report (USNWR)'s Best Colleges Ranking which exaggerated the university's college ranking.

## Early life and education

Thaddeus was born on January 12, 1967, in New York City, and grew up in Morningside Heights. His father, Patrick, and his mother, Janice, both obtained doctorates from Columbia University. Thaddeus was educated at St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School before enrolling at Hunter College High School in 1980, where he graduated in 1984.
Thaddeus matriculated at Harvard University, where his sister was also a student, with the intent to study biology but switched to mathematics. He graduated in 1988 and was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at St John's College, Oxford, where he earned his Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil). His dissertation, Algebraic Geometry and the Verlinde Formula, was published in 1992 under the supervision of Simon Donaldson.

## Academic career

In 1994, Thaddeus was elected to become a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Mittag-Leffler Institute and the Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute from 1994 and 1997. In 1998, Thaddeus joined the mathematics faculty of Columbia University. He has lectured at multiple institutions including Hunter College, Virginia Tech, and Creighton University, among others. He specializes in algebraic geometry.
Thaddeus was a member of the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2001. From 2017 to 2020, he was the chair of the math department at Columbia University.

### Columbia rankings exposé

Thaddeus' exposé, An Investigation of the Facts Behind Columbia’s U.S. News Ranking, was published in February 2022, identifying discrepancies such as shrunken class sizes and the exaggeration of faculty credentials. Due to Thaddeus' analysis, Columbia later dropped from having been ranked 2nd to being ranked 18th, sparking speculation about the integrity of college rankings.

## Selected publications

* Thaddeus, Michael; Martens, Johan (October 30, 2012). "Variations on a theme of Grothendieck". arXiv:1210.8161 [math.AG].
# Kennedy baronets of Culzean (1682)

The Kennedy baronetcy, of Culzean in the County of Ayr, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 8 December 1682 for Archibald Kennedy. He was the great-grandson of Sir Thomas Kennedy, Master of Cassilis, younger son of Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis. The 4th Baronet succeeded to the earldom of Cassilis in 1759.
Susanna, Countess of Eglinton, daughter of the 1st Baronet, was a celebrated beauty and literary patron.

## Kennedy baronets, of Culzean (1682)

* Sir Archibald Kennedy, 1st Baronet (died 1710)
* Sir John Kennedy, 2nd Baronet (died 1742)
* Sir John Kennedy, 3rd Baronet (died 1744)
* Sir Thomas Kennedy, 4th Baronet, later became the 9th Earl of Cassilis (died 1775, unmarried)
The baronetcy remained a subsidiary title of the earldom, until the baronetcy became extinct in 1792. See Marquess of Ailsa for further history of the baronetcy.
# Danshensu

Danshensu or salvianic acid A is an alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid. It is found in the plants Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Melissa officinalis. It is a component of some traditional Chinese medicine.
It was discovered in the water soluble extract of roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The substance can dissolve in water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone. In practice the roots are extracted with boiling water. Then ethanol is added to bring the concentration up to %70 ethanal. This causes precipitation of protein, starch and polysaccharides. Chloroform then extracts coloured chemicals from the alcoholic solution.
Danshensu as a racemic form has been made from protocatechuic aldehyde.

## Reactions

Danshensu is sensitive to air or alkaline conditions. It oxidises, polymerises and darkens on exposure.
Danshensu can have its hydroxy groups methylated on treatment with dimethylsulfate. In acid conditions it can convert to salvianolic acid C.

## Pharmacology

Danshensu dilates cardiac arteries.
It can be sold as a sodium salt.
# Altamirano rail disaster

The Altamirano rail disaster occurred in 1964 in the city of Altamirano, Buenos Aires, Argentina, when a passenger train collided head on with a freight train, killing 34 people.

## Overview

On the morning of February 1, 1964, a diesel-hauled twelve-carriage holiday excursion train left the seaside resort of Mar Del Plata on its 230-mile journey north to the capital, Buenos Aires. It carried 1040 passengers returning home after their summer vacation. At Altamirano, 65 miles south of the capital the Firefly Express as it was called, travelling at 100 km/h crashed head-on with a steam-hauled freight train with a thunderous explosion.
The accident happened 250m from the station at Altamarino. Both locomotives exploded, spreading burning diesel fuel over a wide area. Most in the first carriage died quickly and those in the next two carriages were quickly consumed in the flames. Rescue workers were delayed by the muddy condition of the roads in the area following recent rainstorms. Once they arrived though they were unable to approach the wreck for several hours due to the intense heat. The police doctor, who gave an estimate of 34 deaths, admitted that the exact figure would never be known. "There is no telling how many bodies burned up in the fire". The cause of the disaster was thought to be a fault in the points (switch) which diverted the express into the path of the freight train.
# Annite

Annite is a phyllosilicate mineral in the mica family. It has a chemical formula of KFe$_3$$^{2+}$AlSi$_3$O$_{10}$(OH)$_2$. Annite is the iron end member of the biotite mica group, the iron rich analogue of magnesium rich phlogopite. Annite is monoclinic and contains tabular crystals and cleavage fragments with pseudohexagonal outlines. There are contact twins with composition surface {001} and twin axis {310}.
Annite was first described in 1868 for the first noted occurrence in Cape Ann, Rockport, Essex County, Massachusetts, US. It also occurs on Pikes Peak, El Paso County, Colorado. It occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks that are deficient in magnesium and is associated with fluorite and zircon in the type locality.

## Properties

The relief of a mineral refers to the way a mineral may stand out in plane polarized light. A mineral may be referred to as having a low or high relief. Minerals with a high relief, such as annite, have sharp grain boundaries and display good fracture and cleavage. When viewed under a microscope, this mineral may appear to stick out of the other minerals in the thin section. Relief primarily depends on the index of refraction of the mineral. The index of refraction of a mineral is a measure of the speed of light in the mineral. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in the given mineral. Annite has three indices of refraction known to be n$_α$ = 1.625 – 1.631 n$_β$ = 1.690 n$_γ$ = 1.691 – 1.697. It is also an anisotropic mineral, meaning under the cross polars of a microscope the mineral will become extinct every 90°. However, in plane polarized light, annite appears as a brown or green platy form and is pleochroic, meaning the mineral changes colors under a microscope without the polars being crossed.

## Uses

Annite is a member of the mica group and has very similar properties as other micas such as muscovite and biotite. More importantly, annite is interesting to geologists because it can be used for potassium-argon dating. Because annite contains large amounts of potassium, it can be used to find the absolute age of articles older than 1000 years. This type of dating also preserves a record of the direction and intensity of the local magnetic field, giving field geologists better knowledge of their surroundings.
# Horodyskia

Horodyskia is a fossilised organism found in rocks dated from 1,500 million years ago to 900 million years ago. Its shape has been described as a "string of beads" connected by a very fine thread. It is considered one of the oldest known eukaryotes.

## Biology

Comparisons of different fossils in the same locations suggest that it rearranged itself into fewer but larger main masses as the sediment grew deeper round its base. It may also have had a series of holdfasts along the bottom of the thread. Dimple marks in offshore sandstone have been found in the same deposits as Horodyskia, suggesting that they may be remnants of older holdfasts. Thin sections of Horodyskia have revealed a system of tubes within the beads, including connecting strings, and other tubes radiating outward from each bead. Partial burial and branching of these tubes suggest that it may have had a benthic sessile lifestyle. Members of the genus are distinguished by bead size and spacing, with the beads of H. moniliformis being larger and more spaced than H. minor.

## Distribution

Species of Horodyskia has been found in Western Australia, Southern China, and in parts of North America, They are found in siliciclastic rocks such as sandstone, often as casts or molds.

## Classification

Like many Precambrian organisms, the biology of Horodyskia is still poorly understood. As a result, it is difficult to classify what type of organism it may have been. Horodyskia has been considered an early metazoan, and a colonial foraminiferan. More recently it has been hypothesized that they are a type of Geosiphon-like fungus (Glomeromycota, Archaeosporales), due to the similarity of Horodyskia’s bead-like structures to the bladders of early growth stage Geosiphons. Horodyskia is almost certainly a eukaryote due to its large size and inferred cell wall, although likely a quite simple protist since its “beads” are quite cell-like in appearance. Its exact placement is unclear, as although a giant-celled alga is the best match, modern examples of these do not form lines of cells in a gelatinous matrix, alongside having rhizoids unlike Horodyskia.
# BDL Bipolar

BDL Bipolar is the debut album by British rapper Big Narstie, released on 6 July 2018 on Dice Recordings. The album's title is a reference to Narstie's collective the Base Defence League.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 55/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Clash | 6/10 |
| The Guardian | |
| Mojo | |
| Q | |
The album received mixed reviews from critics. Rachel Aroesti of The Guardian criticised the long running time of the album and the "largely incoherent comedy skits". She said that Narstie seemed "stuck in the past" and "often seems stretched thin, resorting to lazy punning", concluding, "It all adds up to a baggy and frequently baffling record". Alex McFadyen of Clash was more positive, calling Narstie "one of grime's most introspective MCs" and stated, "there are moments on this record where he discusses emotions in a way that is rare amid the hype and excitement of so much grime, and indeed, masculine culture at large", and that "while the juxtaposition of staid instrumentals with subversive lyrics is jarring, he remains a gifted MC, worth hearing out".
# Noel Crombie

Geoffrey Noel Crombie (born 17 April 1953) is a New Zealand percussionist and former member of the band Split Enz. He fulfilled multiple roles including costume and hair designer, singer, album cover designer, and music video director. Prior to Split Enz, Crombie worked as a postal assistant and was also an artist. He attended Mana College and then moved to Auckland to study art at Elam School of Fine Arts.
For the album Time and Tide, Crombie took over the role of drummer, though a year later returned to percussion, with Paul Hester becoming Split Enz's drummer. He is particularly remembered for playing spoon solos during Split Enz live shows.
After Split Enz disbanded, Noel formed the band Schnell Fenster with Phil Judd, Eddie Rayner and Nigel Griggs (all Split Enz alumni), and Michael den Elzen. Rayner left before the first album was released.
In 1988 the members of Schnell Fenster collaborated with Wendy Matthews, Michael Harris, Louis McManus, Vika Bull and Lisa Edwards under the name 'Noel's Cowards' for the movie Rikky and Pete.
Crombie has released one solo single, "My Voice Keeps Changing on Me", in 1983 while Split Enz took a break. Tim Finn was the only other band member to have a solo release during this break. According to Crombie he had to either release the single or pay for the studio time.
In 1996, Crombie assisted Crowded House by designing the stage set design for their final concert, Farewell to the World at the Sydney Opera House.
Crombie lives with his wife Sally whom he works with as a freelance designer. They designed the set for ABC-TV's musical quiz program Spicks and Specks.
# 2025 Lamar Cardinals football team

The 2025 Lamar Cardinals football team represents Lamar University in the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Cardinals play their home games at Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas, and compete in the Southland Conference. They are led by third–year head coach Pete Rossomando.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV |
| August 30 | TBA | at North Texas* | DATCU StadiumDenton, TX | |
| September 6 | TBA | South Dakota* | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | |
| September 13 | TBA | at Texas Southern* | Shell Energy StadiumHouston, TX | |
| September 27 | TBA | Central Arkansas* | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | ESPN+ |
| October 4 | TBA | Nicholls | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | ESPN+ |
| October 11 | TBA | at East Texas A&M | Ernest Hawkins Field at Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | ESPN+ |
| October 18 | TBA | UT Rio Grande Valley | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | ESPN+ |
| October 25 | TBA | at Northwestern State | Harry Turpin StadiumNatchitoches, LA | ESPN+ |
| November 1 | TBA | at Incarnate Word | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | ESPN+ |
| November 8 | TBA | Southeastern Louisiana | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | ESPN+ |
| November 15 | TBA | at Stephen F. Austin | Homer Bryce StadiumNacogdoches, TX | ESPN+ |
| November 22 | TBA | McNeese | Provost Umphrey StadiuimBeaumont, TX (Battle of the Border) | ESPN+ |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingAll times are in Central time ||||||
# Allen Wastler

Allen Wastler is a digital content executive in the financial services industry and a former financial journalist and TV personality. He currently oversees digital content in the insurance industry.

## Background

Allen Wastler was managing editor on CNBC.com from August 2007 through September 2015. In addition to managing the website and writing an online column, he made regular appearances on the network, commenting on various internet-related developments and news items.
During his time at CNBC, he also served on the board of governors of the Society of American Business Editors and Writers. He still serves as a judge in the organization's various contests.
Prior to CNBC, Wastler was managing editor of CNN's business news website, CNNMoney.com, a position he held since August 1999. He originally joined CNNfn.com, the website for the CNN's business news enterprise CNNfn, in May 1997 as a producer and became supervising producer later. The CNNfn network went out of business, but its website continued and became CNNMoney.
Before joining cable news network digital operations he wrote for the Journal of Commerce, a daily business newspaper owned by the Economist. He self-published a novel, Cargo Kills, based on his experiences during that time.
When Wastler ran the CNNMoney.com New York City newsroom, he also appeared regularly on the network's CNNMoney Morning weekday business show, and Your Money, a weekend personal finance show airing on CNN. He wrote an online column, Wastler's Wanderings, which touched on both business and personal finance issues.

## Education

Wastler has a bachelor's degree in writing from the Johns Hopkins University and an MBA from the University of San Francisco.
# Oshikango railway station

Oshikango railway station is a terminal railway station on the Namibian-Angolan border serving the village of Oshikango and the town of Helao Nafidi. It is part of the TransNamib Railway railway network. The railway station was inaugurated on 5 July 2012 by the Namibian president Hifikepunye Pohamba.

## Nearest Airport

The nearest airports are Ondangwa Airport at Ondangwa, Otjiwarongo Airport at Otjiwarongo.
# Lalor

Lalor is an Irish surname derived from the Irish Ó Leathlobhair, from leath- “leper; weak, ailing person”. Notable people with the surname include:
* Denis Lalor, athlete
* Francis Ramsey Lalor (1856–1929), politician
* James Fintan Lalor, Irish rebel
* John Joseph Lalor (1840/1841–1899), political scientist
* John Lalor (1814–1856), journalist and author
* Kieran Lalor, politician
* Mike Lalor (born 1963), ice hockey player
* Patrick Lalor (1926–2016), Irish politician
* Patrick "Patt" Lalor (1781-1856), Irish national politician
* Peter Lalor, leader of the Eureka Stockade rebellion
* Richard Lalor (1823–1893), politician
* Richard Lalor Sheil (1791–1851), politician, writer and orator
* Teresa Lalor (died 1846), Irish nun
* Sam Lalor (born 2006) Australian Rules Footballer
# Zhyva voda

Жива вода (English: Living water) is the debut studio album by Ukrainian recording artist Khrystyna Soloviy. It was released on 22 September 2015 in Ukraine through Supersymmetry.

## Information

The album consists of 12 songs, two of which were written by Khrystyna, the other ten — folk songs (9 Lemko and 1 Ukrainian) in the author's adaptation.
The recording of the album took place in Kyiv, at the studio "ZvukoTseh". The sound-producers of the album were Miloš Jelić and Svyatoslav Vakarchuk. For two songs ("Pod oblachkom" and "Trymai") filmed videos.

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format |
| Ukraine | 22 September 2015 | Supersymmetry | Digital download, CD |
# Trunk Monkey

Trunk Monkey is a concept originally created in January, 2000 by Sean Sosik-Hamor for the automotive group of Subaru enthusiasts in the New England Subaru Impreza Club, or NESIC. The original concept of a "Trunk Monkey" was a small stuffed animal placed in the trunk of a vehicle which came alive and jumped from side to side to help distribute weight during "spirited driving maneuvers".
The Trunk Monkey television ads, loosely based on this concept, were created in 2003 by the advertising agency R\West in Portland, Oregon. Originally created for the Suburban Auto Group of Sandy, Oregon, the spots have also been syndicated to multiple dealerships across the country.

## Premise

The commercials focus on the Trunk Monkey, a fictional dealer-installed car option. The optional feature consists of a live chimpanzee inside the trunk and a special button in the passenger compartment. The button is pressed in situations not found in the user's manual such as handling irate drivers in traffic, dealing with unruly children throwing eggs at the car, negotiating with highway patrol officers after being pulled over, helping deliver a child when a nearby hospital is not accessible, or dispatching a gang in the parking lot. The Trunk Monkey is also portrayed as an effective theft deterrent, as seen in one commercial where the chimpanzee knocks out a would-be car thief and throws him off a bridge. The chimpanzee also administers first aid to the driver after an accident. In addition, its security abilities are effective during a driver's daughter's first date or an alien invasion.

## Trunk Monkey — slang

Among private military companies, a rear gunner in an SUV is often referred to as a trunk monkey.
The term is also used loosely in military circles for mechanized infantry, especially when dismounted from their vehicles.
Canadian Army, Armoured Corps in Afghanistan, The Rear Gunner in a Leopard 1 Armoured Recovery Vehicle (Taurus) was often referred to as the "Trunk Monkey"
# David Buddo

David Buddo (23 August 1853 – 8 December 1937) was a New Zealand politician and member of the Liberal Party.

## Early life

Buddo was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1853. His father was a surgeon with the Indian civil service. He grew up in a rural environment. He became an engineer in Perth, Scotland and came to New Zealand in c. 1874 or 1877. He married Janet Buddo (née Rollo) in 1886. His wife's cousin, Helen Ann Rollo Buddo, became an orphan in infancy and was brought up by them together with their own children. Helen Buddo married Bryan Todd.

## Political career

He was a Member of the House of Representatives, representing the Kaiapoi electorate (with two interruptions, when he was defeated) from: 1893–96, 1899–1919, and 1922–28.
He was a Cabinet minister, serving in the cabinet of Sir Joseph Ward between 1909 and 1912 as Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Health.
After retiring from Parliament in 1928, Buddo was appointed to the Legislative Council, and served one seven-year term from 11 June 1930 to 10 June 1937, when his term ended.
He was a member of the Lyttelton Harbour Board from 1897 to 1907.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

## Death

Buddo collapsed on 8 December 1937 while in the office of the Christchurch Gas, Coal and Coke Company. He died on his way to hospital. He was buried at Waimairi Cemetery. Janet Buddo survived her husband until 1945. Helen Todd survived her husband, who died in 1987.
# Gerry Killeen

Gerry Killeen (born 27 October 1961) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for Doonbeg, as well as the Clare county team. He made his National League debut for Clare in an away game against Sligo in 1982.
Killeen won a Munster Senior Football Championship medal in 1992.
# Carlia S. Westcott

Carlia S. Westcott was an American engineer. She was the first woman to receive a first-of-a-kind license in Marine Engineering in the United States, in December 1921. She was highlighted on the cover of The Woman Engineer after the New York Times covered her. She was from Seattle, Washington.She was married to the chief engineer of the Cary-Dan' s Towing Company who worked on one of the tugboats in the Seattle region. Carlia assisted her husband on one of the vessels. There she carried out the tasks of a fireman.
Carlia Westcott took and passed the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association, No. 38 test in Seattle, Washington. She went on to complete the U.S. Steamboat Service examination, in which she passed. "Her showing in the examination was as near perfect as it could be", confirmed the supervising inspector.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 "Women in Transportation History: Carlia S. Westcott, Marine Engineer". Transportation History. 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
* ↑ "SHE URGES WOMEN TO SHOW INGENUITY; Inventive Capabilities Can Be Utilized in Domestic Engineering, Says Mrs. Gwynne-Howell. ON LABOR-SAVING DEVICES Electric Equipment Comes First in the Order of Appliances to Save Lost Motion, She Says. Fields for Women Inventors. Danger of Overdoing. Electrical Equipment First". The New York Times. 29 May 1922.
* ↑ "Image 1 of The Washington times (Washington [D.C.]), December 25, 1921, (SUNDAY MORNING)". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
* ↑ Heald, Henrietta (19 September 2019). Magnificent Women and their Revolutionary Machines. Unbound Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78352-679-6.
* ↑ "American Woman's Success". The Woman Engineer. 1 (10): 138. March 1922.
* This article about a United States engineer, inventor or industrial designer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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