# List of missions to the Moon

Missions to the Moon have been numerous and include some of the earliest space missions, conducting exploration of the Moon since 1959.
The first partially successful lunar mission was Luna 1 (January 1959), the first probe to leave Earth and fly past another astronomical body. Soon after that the first Moon landing and the first landing on any extraterrestrial body was performed by Luna 2, which intentionally impacted the Moon on 14 September 1959. The far side of the Moon, which is always facing away from Earth due to tidal locking, was seen for the first time by Luna 3 in (7 October 1959). In 1966, Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a controlled soft landing, while Luna 10 became the first mission to enter orbit, and in 1968 Zond 5 became the first mission to carry terrestrial lifeforms (tortoises) to close proximity of the Moon through a circumlunar approach.
The first crewed missions to the Moon were pursued by the Soviet Union and the United States, becoming the climax of the Space Race. While the Soviet Union shifted to robotic sample return missions, the American Apollo program proceeded successfully, with Apollo 8 becoming the first crewed mission to enter lunar orbit in December 1968. On 20 July 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the Moon, and Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. At the same time another mission, the robotic sample return mission Luna 15 by the Soviet Union, was in orbit around the Moon, becoming together with Apollo 11 the first ever case of two extraterrestrial missions being conducted at the same time. Until 1972 crewed Apollo missions and until 1976 Soviet uncrewed sample return missions, with the first ever successful extraterrestrial rovers (Lunokhod programme), continued. After that no dedicated lunar missions were conducted until 1990. Since then the following nations and organisations (in chronological order) have visited the Moon, after the Soviet Union and the United States: Japan, the European Space Agency, China, India, Luxembourg, Israel, Italy, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Pakistan, and Canada.
In 2018 the far side of the Moon was for the first time landed on by the Chang'e 4 mission at the Aitken basin on 3 January 2019 and deployed the Yutu-2 rover. Five years later, China followed with Chang'e 6 sample return mission to the far side whose lander successfully landed in Apollo crater on 1 June 2024 and collected lunar samples.
On August 23, 2023 12:34 UTC, India's Chandrayaan-3 became the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. The mission consisted of a lander and a rover for carrying out scientific experiments.
The Moon has also been visited by five spacecraft not dedicated to studying it; four of these spacecraft have flown past for the purpose of gravity assistance, and a radio telescope, Explorer 49, was placed into selenocentric orbit in order to use the Moon to block interference from terrestrial radio sources.

## 20th century
### Legend

⚀ Cubesat or similar
| Mission | Mission | Spacecraft | Launch date | Carrier rocket | Operator | Mission type | Outcome |
| 1 | Pioneer 0 (Able I) | Pioneer 0 | 17 August 1958 | Thor DM-18 Able I | USAF | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit; failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first-stage explosion. Reached apogee of 16 kilometres (10 mi). ||||||
| 2 | Luna E-1 No.1 | Luna E-1 No.1 | 23 September 1958 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration. ||||||
| 3 | Pioneer 1 (Able II) | Pioneer 1 | 11 October 1958 | Thor DM-18 Able I | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure. Later known as Pioneer 1. Reached apogee of 113,800 kilometres (70,700 mi). ||||||
| 4 | Luna E-1 No.2 | Luna E-1 No.2 | 11 October 1958 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration. ||||||
| 5 | Pioneer 2 (Able III) | Pioneer 2 | 8 November 1958 | Thor DM-18 Able I | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers; third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection. Reached apogee of 1,550 kilometres (960 mi). ||||||
| 6 | Luna E-1 No.3 | Luna E-1 No.3 | 4 December 1958 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core-stage underperformance. ||||||
| 7 | Pioneer 3 | Pioneer 3 | 6 December 1958 | Juno II | NASA | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; premature first-stage cutoff. Reached apogee of 102,360 kilometres (63,600 mi). ||||||
| 8 | Luna 1 (E-1 No.4) | Luna 1 | 2 January 1959 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Partial failure |
| Carrier rocket guidance problem resulted in failure to impact Moon, flew past in a heliocentric orbit. Closest approach 5,995 kilometres (3,725 mi) on 4 January. First spacecraft to fly by the Moon. ||||||
| 9 | Pioneer 4 | Pioneer 4 | 3 March 1959 | Juno II | NASA | Flyby | Partial failure |
| Second-stage overperformance resulted in flyby at greater altitude than expected, out of instrument range, with 58,983 kilometres (36,650 mi) of distance. Closest approach at 22:25 UTC on 4 March. First U.S. spacecraft to leave Earth orbit. ||||||
| 10 | E-1A No.1 | E-1A No.1 | 18 June 1959 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; guidance system malfunction. ||||||
| 11 | Luna 2 (E-1A No.2) | Luna 2 | 12 September 1959 | Luna | OKB-1 | Impactor | Success |
| Successful impact at 21:02 on 14 September 1959. First spacecraft to impact the lunar surface. This made the Soviet Union the 1st country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 12 | Luna 3 (E-2A No.1) | Luna 3 | 4 October 1959 | Luna | OKB-1 | Flyby | Success |
| Returned the first images of the far side of the Moon. ||||||
| 13 | Pioneer P-3 Able IVB | Pioneer P-3 | 26 November 1959 | Atlas-D Able | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault. ||||||
| 14 | Luna E-3 No.1 | Luna E-3 No.1 | 15 April 1960 | Luna | OKB-1 | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; premature third-stage cutoff. ||||||
| 15 | Luna E-3 No.2 | Luna E-3 No.2 | 16 April 1960 | Luna | OKB-1 | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated ten seconds after launch. ||||||
| 16 | Pioneer P-30 (Able VA) | Pioneer P-30 | 25 September 1960 | Atlas-D Able | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; second-stage oxidizer system malfunction resulting in premature cutoff. ||||||
| 17 | Pioneer P-31 (Able VB) | Pioneer P-31 | 15 December 1960 | Atlas-D Able | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit, exploded 68 seconds after launch, at an altitude of 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi). Second stage ignited while first stage was still attached and burning. ||||||
| 18 | Ranger 3 (P-34) | Ranger 3 | 26 January 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Spacecraft failure |
| 18 | Ranger 3 (P-34) | Ranger 3 lander | 26 January 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Partial launch failure due to guidance problem; attempt to correct using spacecraft's engine resulted in it missing the Moon by 36,793 kilometres (22,862 mi). ||||||
| 19 | Ranger 4 (P-35) | Ranger 4 | 23 April 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Spacecraft failure |
| 19 | Ranger 4 (P-35) | Ranger 4 lander | 23 April 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Failed to deploy solar panels, ran out of power ten hours after launch; incidental impact on the far side of the Moon on 26 April. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. The impact made the United States the 2nd country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 20 | Ranger 5 (P-36) | Ranger 5 | 18 October 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Spacecraft failure |
| 20 | Ranger 5 (P-36) | Ranger 5 lander | 18 October 1962 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Solar panels erroneously disengaged from power system, failed 8+3⁄4 hours after launch when batteries were depleted. Missed the Moon as course correction was not completed. ||||||
| 21 | Luna E-6 No.2 | Luna E-6 No.2 | 4 January 1963 | Molniya-L | OKB-1 | Lander | Launch failure |
| Failed to depart Low Earth orbit; guidance system power failure prevented upper-stage ignition. ||||||
| 22 | Luna E-6 No.3 | Luna E-6 No.3 | 3 February 1963 | Molniya-L | OKB-1 | Lander | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; guidance failure. ||||||
| 23 | Luna 4 (E-6 No.4) | Luna 4 | 2 April 1963 | Molniya-L | OKB-1 | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Failed to perform mid-course correction, remained in high Earth orbit until given escape velocity by orbital perturbation. ||||||
| 24 | Ranger 6 (P-54) | Ranger 6 | 30 January 1964 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Spacecraft failure |
| Impacted on 2 February 1964, failed to return images due to power system failure. ||||||
| 25 | Luna E-6 No.6 | Luna E-6 No.6 | 21 March 1964 | Molniya-M | OKB-1 | Lander | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; third stage underperformed due to oxidiser valve failure. ||||||
| 26 | Luna E-6 No.5 | Luna E-6 No.5 | 20 April 1964 | Molniya-M | OKB-1 | Lander | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; power failure caused by broken connection resulted in premature third-stage cutoff. ||||||
| 27 | Ranger 7 | Ranger 7 | 28 July 1964 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Success |
| Impacted on 30 July 1964 at 13:25:48 UTC. ||||||
| 28 | Ranger 8 | Ranger 8 | 17 February 1965 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Success |
| Impacted on 20 February 1965 at 09:57:37 UTC. ||||||
| 29 | Kosmos 60 (E-6 No.9) | Kosmos 60 | 12 March 1965 | Molniya-L | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| Upper stage failed to restart due to guidance system short circuit, Failed to depart low Earth orbit. ||||||
| 30 | Ranger 9 | Ranger 9 | 21 March 1965 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-B | NASA | Impactor | Success |
| Impacted on 24 March 1965 at 14:08:20 UTC. ||||||
| 31 | Luna E-6 No.8 | Luna E-6 No.8 | 10 April 1965 | Molniya-L | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of oxidiser pressure, failed to orbit. ||||||
| 32 | Luna 5 (E-6 No.10) | Luna 5 | 9 May 1965 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Loss of control after gyroscope malfunction, failed to decelerate for landing and impacted the Moon at 19:10 UTC on 12 May 1965. ||||||
| 33 | Luna 6 (E-6 No.7) | Luna 6 | 8 June 1965 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Engine failed to shut down after performing mid-course correction manoeuvre, flew past the Moon in a heliocentric orbit. ||||||
| 34 | Zond 3 (3MV-4 No.3) | Zond 3 | 18 July 1965 | Molniya | Lavochkin | Flyby | Success |
| Flew past the Moon on 20 July 1965 at a distance of 9,200 kilometres (5,700 mi). Conducted technology demonstration for future planetary missions. ||||||
| 35 | Luna 7 (E-6 No.11) | Luna 7 | 4 October 1965 | Molniya | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Attitude control failure shortly before landing prevented controlled descent; impacted the lunar surface 22:08:24 UTC on 7 October 1965. ||||||
| 36 | Luna 8 (E-6 No.12) | Luna 8 | 3 December 1965 | Molniya | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Landing airbag punctured, resulting in loss of attitude control shortly before planned touchdown, impacted Moon on 6 December 1965 at 21:51:30 UTC. ||||||
| 37 | Luna 9 (E-6 No.13) | Luna 9 | 31 January 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC. Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC. With its soft landing, the Soviet Union became the first country to successfully land on the lunar surface. ||||||
| 38 | Kosmos 111 (E-6S No.204) | Kosmos 111 | 1 March 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Upper stage lost attitude control and failed to ignite; spacecraft never left low Earth orbit. ||||||
| 39 | Luna 10 (E-6S No.206) | Luna 10 | 31 March 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered orbit at 18:44 UTC on 3 April 1966, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. Continued to return data until 30 May. ||||||
| 40 | Surveyor 1 | Surveyor 1 | 30 May 1966 | Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Success |
| Landed in Oceanus Procellarum on 2 June 1966 at 06:17:36 UTC. Returned data until loss of power on 13 July. With its soft landing, the United States became the second country to successfully land on the lunar surface. ||||||
| 41 | Explorer 33 (AIMP-D) | Explorer 33 | 1 July 1966 | Delta E1 | NASA | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Magnetospheric probe; rocket imparted greater velocity than had been planned, leaving spacecraft unable to enter orbit. Repurposed for Earth orbit mission which was completed successfully. ||||||
| 42 | Lunar Orbiter 1 | Lunar Orbiter 1 | 10 August 1966 | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D | NASA | Orbiter | Partial failure |
| Orbital insertion at around 15:36 UTC on 14 August. Deorbited early due to lack of fuel and to avoid communications interference with the next mission, impacted the Moon at 13:30 UTC on 29 October 1966. ||||||
| 43 | Luna 11 (E-6LF No.101) | Luna 11 | 21 August 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Partial failure |
| Entered orbit on 28 August 1966. Failed to return images; other instruments operated correctly. Conducted gamma ray and X-ray observations to study the composition of the Moon, investigated the lunar gravitational field, the presence of meteorites in the lunar environment and the radiation environment at the Moon. Ceased operation on 1 October 1966 after power was depleted. ||||||
| 44 | Surveyor 2 | Surveyor 2 | 20 September 1966 | Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| One thruster failed to ignite during mid-course correction manoeuvre, resulting in loss of control. Impacted the Moon at 03:18 UTC on 23 September 1966. ||||||
| 45 | Luna 12 (E-6LF No.102) | Luna 12 | 22 October 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered orbit on 25 October 1966 and returned data until 19 January 1967. Completed photography mission intended for Luna 11. ||||||
| 46 | Lunar Orbiter 2 | Lunar Orbiter 2 | 6 November 1966 | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered orbit at about 19:51 UTC on 10 November 1966 to begin photographic mapping mission. Impacted on the far side of the lunar surface following deorbit burn on 11 October 1967 at end of mission. ||||||
| 47 | Luna 13 (E-6M No.205) | Luna 13 | 21 December 1966 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| Successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 18:01 UTC on 24 December 1966. Returned images from the surface and studied the lunar soil. Operated until depletion of power at 06:31 UTC on 28 December. ||||||
| 48 | Lunar Orbiter 3 | Lunar Orbiter 3 | 5 February 1967 | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 February 1967. Deorbited at end of mission and impacted the Moon on 9 October 1967. ||||||
| 49 | Surveyor 3 | Surveyor 3 | 17 April 1967 | Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Success |
| Landed at 00:04 UTC on 20 April 1967 and operated until 3 May. Visited by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969, with some parts removed for return to Earth. ||||||
| 50 | Lunar Orbiter 4 | Lunar Orbiter 4 | 4 May 1967 | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 May 1967, operated until 17 July. Decayed from orbit, with lunar impact occurring on 6 October 1967. ||||||
| 51 | Surveyor 4 | Surveyor 4 | 14 July 1967 | Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Contact with spacecraft lost at 02:03 UTC on 17 July, two and a half minutes before scheduled landing. NASA determined that the spacecraft may have exploded, otherwise it impacted the Moon. ||||||
| 52 | Explorer 35 (AIMP-E) | Explorer 35 (AIMP-E) | 19 July 1967 | Delta E1 | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Magnetospheric probe, studying the Moon and interplanetary space. Deactivated on 27 June 1973. Presumed to have impacted the Moon during the 1970s. ||||||
| 53 | Lunar Orbiter 5 | Lunar Orbiter 5 | 1 August 1967 | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Final mission in the Lunar Orbiter series, entered selenocentric orbit on 5 August at 16:48 UTC and conducted a photographic survey until 18 August. Deorbited and impacted the Moon on 31 January 1968. ||||||
| 54 | Surveyor 5 | Surveyor 5 | 8 September 1967 | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Success |
| Landed in Mare Tranquillitatis at 00:46:44 UTC on 11 September. Last signals received at 04:30 UTC on 17 December 1967. ||||||
| 55 | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L | 27 September 1967 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to reach orbit after a blocked propellant line caused one of the first-stage engines to not ignite. ||||||
| 56 | Surveyor 6 | Surveyor 6 | 7 November 1967 | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Success |
| Landed in Sinus Medii at 01:01:04 UTC on 10 November. Made brief flight from lunar surface at 10:32 UTC on 17 November, followed by second landing after travelling 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in). Last contact at 19:14 UTC on 14 December. ||||||
| 57 | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L | 22 November 1967 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; unable to achieve orbit after second-stage engine failed to ignite. ||||||
| 58 | Surveyor 7 | Surveyor 7 | 7 January 1968 | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | NASA | Lander | Success |
| Final Surveyor mission. Landed 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Tycho crater at 01:05:36 UTC on 10 January. Operated until 21 February 1968. ||||||
| 59 | Luna E-6LS No.112 | Luna E-6LS No.112 | 7 February 1968 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit after third stage ran out of fuel. ||||||
| 60 | Luna 14 (E-6LS No.113) | Luna 14 | 7 April 1968 | Molniya-M | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Success |
| Tested communications for proposed crewed missions and studied the mass concentration of the Moon. Entered orbit on 10 April at 19:25 UTC. ||||||
| 61 | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L | 22 April 1968 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after second-stage engine incorrectly commanded to shut down. Spacecraft was recovered using its prototype launch escape system. ||||||
| 62 | Zond 5 (7K-L1 No.9L) | Zond 5 | 14 September 1968 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Success |
| Two tortoises and other life forms on board a technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Made a closest approach of 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) on 18 September, and circled the Moon before returning to Earth. Landed in the Indian Ocean on 21 September at 16:08 UTC, becoming the first Lunar spacecraft to be recovered successfully and carried the first Earth life to travel to and around the Moon. ||||||
| 63 | Zond 6 (7K-L1 No.12L) | Zond 6 | 10 November 1968 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carrying turtles, making this the second mission of Earthlings to travel in close proximity of the Moon, the flyby was on 14 November with a closest approach of 2,420 kilometres (1,500 mi). Reentered Earth's atmosphere on 17 November; recovery was unsuccessful after parachutes were prematurely jettisoned. ||||||
| 64 | Apollo 8 | Apollo 8 | 21 December 1968 | Saturn V | NASA | Crewed orbiter | Success |
| First crewed mission to the Moon; entered orbit around the Moon with four-minute burn beginning at 09:59:52 UTC on 24 December. Completed ten orbits of the Moon before returning to Earth with an engine burn at 06:10:16 UTC on 25 December. Landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15:51 UTC on 27 December. ||||||
| 65 | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L | Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L | 20 January 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Launch failure |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after one of the four second-stage engines shut down prematurely. Third-stage engine also shut down prematurely. The spacecraft was recovered using its launch escape system. ||||||
| 66 | Luna E-8 No.201 | Luna E-8 No.201 | 19 February 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 66 | Luna E-8 No.201 | Lunokhod | 19 February 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Rover | Launch failure |
| First launch of the Lunokhod rover. Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded. ||||||
| 67 | Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3 | Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3 | 21 February 1969 | N1 | OKB-1 | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| First launch of N1 rocket; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. First stage prematurely shut down 70 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed 50 kilometres (31 mi) from launch site. Spacecraft landed some 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the launch pad after successfully using its launch escape system. ||||||
| 68 | Apollo 10 | Apollo 10 | 18 May 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 68 | Apollo 10 | Lunar Module Snoopy | 18 May 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Dress rehearsal for Apollo 11. Lunar Module with two astronauts on board descended to a distance of 14.326 kilometres (8.902 mi) above the lunar surface. ||||||
| 69 | Luna E-8-5 No.402 | Luna E-8-5 No.402 | 14 June 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 69 | Luna E-8-5 No.402 | Luna E-8-5 No.402 return craft | 14 June 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Launch failure |
| Intended to land on the Moon and return lunar soil sample. Did not reach Earth orbit after fourth stage failed to ignite. ||||||
| 70 | Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5 | Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5 | 3 July 1969 | N1 | OKB-1 | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. All first-stage engines shut down 10 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed and exploded on the launch pad. Spacecraft landed safely 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the launch site after using launch escape sequence. ||||||
| 71 | Luna 15 (E-8-5 No.401) | Luna 15 | 13 July 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 71 | Luna 15 (E-8-5 No.401) | Luna 15 return craft | 13 July 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Precluded |
| Reached lunar orbit at 10:00 UTC on 17 July. Descent retro-rocket burn started at 15:47 UTC on 21 July. Contact lost three minutes after de-orbit burn; probably crashed on the Moon. ||||||
| 72 | Apollo 11 | Apollo 11 | 16 July 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 72 | Apollo 11 | Lunar Module Eagle | 16 July 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| First crewed landing on the Moon. The Lunar Module Eagle landed at 20:17 UTC on 20 July 1969. ||||||
| 73 | Zond 7 (7K-L1 No.11L) | Zond 7 | 7 August 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Success |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carried four turtles in a lunar flyby on 10 August, with a closest approach of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi); returned to Earth and landed in Kazakhstan at 18:13 UTC on 14 August. ||||||
| 74 | Kosmos 300 (E-8-5 No.403) | Kosmos 300 | 23 September 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 74 | Kosmos 300 (E-8-5 No.403) | Kosmos 300 return craft | 23 September 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample return | Launch failure |
| Third attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to oxidiser leak. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere about 4 days after launch. ||||||
| 75 | Kosmos 305 (E-8-5 No.404) | Kosmos 305 | 22 October 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 75 | Kosmos 305 (E-8-5 No.404) | Kosmos 305 return craft | 22 October 1969 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Launch failure |
| Fourth attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to control system malfunction. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere within one orbit after launch. ||||||
| 76 | Apollo 12 | Apollo 12 | 14 November 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 76 | Apollo 12 | Lunar Module Intrepid | 14 November 1969 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| Second crewed lunar landing. ||||||
| 77 | Luna E-8-5 No.405 | Luna E-8-5 No.405 | 6 February 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 77 | Luna E-8-5 No.405 | Luna E-8-5 No.405 return craft | 6 February 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample return | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit ||||||
| 78 | Apollo 13 | Apollo 13 | 11 April 1970 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| 78 | Apollo 13 | Lunar Module Aquarius | 11 April 1970 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Precluded |
| 78 | Apollo 13 | Lunar Module Aquarius | 11 April 1970 | Saturn V | NASA | Rescue mission | Success |
| Lunar landing aborted following Service Module oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon; flew past the Moon (free-return trajectory) and returned the crew safely to Earth. ||||||
| 79 | Luna 16 (E-8-5 No.406) | Luna 16 | 12 September 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| 79 | Luna 16 (E-8-5 No.406) | Luna 16 return craft | 12 September 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample return | Success |
| First robotic sampling mission. ||||||
| 80 | Zond 8 (7K-L1 No.14L) | Zond 8 | 20 October 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Flyby | Success |
| Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; returned to Earth successfully. ||||||
| 81 | Luna 17 (E-8 No.203) | Luna 17 | 10 November 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| 81 | Luna 17 (E-8 No.203) | Lunokhod 1 | 10 November 1970 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Rover | Success |
| Luna 17 deployed Lunokhod 1. ||||||
| 82 | Apollo 14 | Apollo 14 | 31 January 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 82 | Apollo 14 | Lunar Module Antares | 31 January 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| Third crewed lunar landing. ||||||
| 83 | Apollo 15 | Apollo 15 | 26 July 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 83 | Apollo 15 | Lunar Module Falcon | 26 July 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| 83 | Apollo 15 | Lunar Roving Vehicle | 26 July 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Rover | Success |
| Fourth crewed lunar landing, and first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle. ||||||
| 84 | PFS-1 | PFS-1 | 26 July 1971 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| PFS-1 was deployed from Apollo 15. ||||||
| 85 | Luna 18 (E-8-5 No.407) | Luna 18 | 2 September 1971 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 85 | Luna 18 (E-8-5 No.407) | Luna 18 return craft | 2 September 1971 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample return | Spacecraft failure |
| Failed during descent to lunar surface. ||||||
| 86 | Luna 19 (E-8LS No.202) | Luna 19 | 28 September 1971 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Success |
| Entered an orbit around the Moon on 2 October 1971 after two midcourse corrections on 29 September and 1 October. ||||||
| 87 | Luna 20 (E-8-5 No.408) | Luna 20 | 14 February 1972 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| 87 | Luna 20 (E-8-5 No.408) | Luna 20 return craft | 14 February 1972 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample return | Success |
| Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius (or Apollonius highlands) near Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fertility), 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed. ||||||
| 88 | Apollo 16 | Apollo 16 | 16 April 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 88 | Apollo 16 | Lunar Module Orion | 16 April 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| 88 | Apollo 16 | Lunar Roving Vehicle | 16 April 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Rover | Success |
| 5th crewed lunar landing. ||||||
| 89 | PFS-2 | PFS-2 | 16 April 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| PFS-2 deployed from Apollo 16. ||||||
| 90 | Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 | Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 | 23 November 1972 | N1 | OKB-1 | Orbiter | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. ||||||
| 91 | Apollo 17 | Apollo 17 | 7 December 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 91 | Apollo 17 | Lunar Module Challenger | 7 December 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Lander/Launch Vehicle | Success |
| 91 | Apollo 17 | Lunar Roving Vehicle | 7 December 1972 | Saturn V | NASA | Rover | Success |
| Sixth and last crewed lunar landing and last use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle; the orbiting command module included five mice. ||||||
| 92 | Luna 21 (E-8 No.204) | Luna 21 | 8 January 1973 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| 92 | Luna 21 (E-8 No.204) | Lunokhod 2 | 8 January 1973 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Rover | Success |
| Deployed Lunokhod 2. ||||||
| 93 | Explorer 49 (RAE-B) | Explorer 49 | 10 June 1973 | Delta 1913 | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Radio astronomy spacecraft, operated in selenocentric orbit to avoid interference from terrestrial radio sources. ||||||
| 94 | Mariner 10 | Mariner 10 | 3 November 1973 | Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Interplanetary spacecraft, mapped lunar north pole to test cameras. ||||||
| 95 | Luna 22 (E-8LS No.206) | Luna 22 | 29 May 1974 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Orbiter | Success |
| Inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974 ||||||
| 96 | Luna 23 (E-8-5M No.410) | Luna 23 | 28 October 1974 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Partial failure |
| 96 | Luna 23 (E-8-5M No.410) | Luna 23 return craft | 28 October 1974 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Precluded |
| Tipped over upon landing, precluding any sample return attempt. Functioned for three days on surface. ||||||
| 97 | Luna E-8-5M No.412 | Luna E-8-5M No.412 | 16 October 1975 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Launch failure |
| 97 | Luna E-8-5M No.412 | Luna E-8-5M No.412 return craft | 16 October 1975 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Launch failure |
| Failed to orbit. ||||||
| 98 | Luna 24 (E-8-5M No.413) | Luna 24 | 9 August 1976 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Lander | Success |
| 98 | Luna 24 (E-8-5M No.413) | Luna 24 return craft | 9 August 1976 | Proton-K/D | Lavochkin | Sample Return | Success |
| Entered orbit on 11 August 1976 and landed in Mare Crisium at 16:36 UTC on 18 August. Sample capsule launched at 05:25 UTC on 19 August and recovered 96+1⁄2 hours later. Returned 170.1 grams (6.00 oz) of lunar regolith. Final mission to the Moon from the Soviet Union. ||||||
| 99 | ISEE-3 (ICE/Explorer 59) | ISEE-3 | 12 August 1978 | Delta 2914 | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Five flybys in 1982 and 1983 en route to comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner. ||||||
| 100 | Hiten (MUSES-A) | Hiten | 24 January 1990 | Mu-3S-II | ISAS | Orbiter | Success |
| 100 | Hiten (MUSES-A) | Hagoromo | 24 January 1990 | Mu-3S-II | ISAS | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| Designed for flyby, placed into selenocentric orbit during extended mission after failure of Hagoromo. Deorbited and impacted in USGS quadrangle LQ27 on 10 April 1993. Hagoromo was deployed from Hiten. The impact made Japan the 3rd country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 101 | Geotail | Geotail | 24 July 1992 | Delta II 6925 | ISAS/NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Series of flybys to regulate high Earth orbit. ||||||
| 102 | WIND | WIND | 1 November 1994 | Delta II 7925-10 | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Made two flybys on 1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994 to reach the Earth–Sun L1 Lagrangian point. ||||||
| 103 | Clementine (DSPSE) | Clementine | 25 January 1994 | Titan II (23)G Star-37FM | USAF/NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Completed Lunar objectives successfully; failed following departure from selenocentric orbit. ||||||
| 104 | HGS-1 | HGS-1 | 24 December 1997 | Proton-K/DM3 | Hughes | Flyby | Success |
| Communications satellite; made two flybys in May and June 1998 en route to geosynchronous orbit after delivery into wrong orbit. ||||||
| 105 | Lunar Prospector (Discovery 3) | Lunar Prospector | 7 January 1998 | Athena II | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| The mission ended on July 31, 1999 ||||||
| 106 | Nozomi (PLANET-B) | Nozomi | 3 July 1998 | M-V | ISAS | Flyby | Success |
| Two flybys en route to Mars. ||||||

## 21st century
### Legend

⚀ Cubesat or similar
| Mission | Mission | Spacecraft | Launch date | Carrier rocket | Operator | Mission type | Outcome |
| 107 | WMAP | WMAP | 30 June 2001 | Delta II 7425-10 | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Flyby on 30 July 2001 to reach the Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point. ||||||
| 108 | SMART-1 | SMART-1 | 27 September 2003 | Ariane 5G | ESA | Orbiter | Success |
| Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ26 at end of mission on 3 September 2006. The impact made the ESA member states collectively the 4th to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 109 | STEREO | STEREO A | 25 October 2006 | Delta II 7925-10L | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| 109 | STEREO | STEREO B | 25 October 2006 | Delta II 7925-10L | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Both component spacecraft entered heliocentric orbit on 15 December 2006. ||||||
| 110 | ARTEMIS | ARTEMIS P1 | 17 February 2007 | Delta II 7925 | NASA | Orbiter | Operational |
| 110 | ARTEMIS | ARTEMIS P2 | 17 February 2007 | Delta II 7925 | NASA | Orbiter | Operational |
| Two THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011. ||||||
| 111 | SELENE | Kaguya | 14 September 2007 | H-IIA 2022 | JAXA | Orbiter | Success |
| 111 | SELENE | Okina | 14 September 2007 | H-IIA 2022 | JAXA | Orbiter | Success |
| 111 | SELENE | Ouna | 14 September 2007 | H-IIA 2022 | JAXA | Orbiter | Success |
| Deployed Okina and Ouna satellites. Kaguya and Okina impacted the Moon at end of mission. Ouna completed operations on 29 June 2009 but remains in selenocentric orbit. ||||||
| 112 | Chang'e 1 | Chang'e 1 | 24 October 2007 | Long March 3A | CNSA | Orbiter | Success |
| Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ21 on 1 March 2009, at end of mission. The impact made China the 6th country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 113 | Chandrayaan-1 | Chandrayaan-1 | 22 October 2008 | PSLV-XL C11 | ISRO | Orbiter | Success |
| 113 | Chandrayaan-1 | Moon Impact Probe | 22 October 2008 | PSLV-XL C11 | ISRO | Impactor | Success |
| Succeeded through mission. Orbit lasted 312 days, short of intended 2 years; However mission achieved most of its intended objectives. Terminated in 2009, remains in selenocentric orbit; discovered water ice on the Moon. Moon Impact Probe was deployed from the orbiter. It successfully impacted Moon's Shackleton Crater in the USGS quadrangle LQ30 at 20:31 on 14 November 2008 releasing underground debris that could be analyzed by the orbiter for presence of water/ice. With this mission, India became the 4th nation to impact the lunar surface and 5th as an agency. ||||||
| 114 | LRO & LCROSS | Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter | 18 June 2009 | Atlas V 401 | NASA | Orbiter | Operational |
| 114 | LRO & LCROSS | LCROSS | 18 June 2009 | Atlas V 401 | NASA | Impactor | Success |
| LCROSS observed impact of Centaur upper stage that launched it and LRO, then impacted itself. Impacts in USGS quadrangle LQ30. LRO entered orbit on June 23, 2009. ||||||
| 115 | Chang'e 2 | Chang'e 2 | 1 October 2010 | Long March 3C | CNSA | Orbiter | Success |
| Following completion of six month Lunar mission, departed selenocentric orbit for Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point and subsequently flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis for a close encounter with the asteroid at a distance of 3.2 kilometers and a relative velocity of 10.73 km/s. ||||||
| 116 | GRAIL | Ebb (GRAIL-A) | 10 September 2011 | Delta II 7920H | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 116 | GRAIL | Flow (GRAIL-B) | 10 September 2011 | Delta II 7920H | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Impacted the Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ01 on 17 December 2012 at end of mission. ||||||
| 117 | LADEE | LADEE | 7 September 2013 | Minotaur V | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| Mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon. ||||||
| 118 | Chang'e 3 | Chang'e 3 | 1 December 2013 | Long March 3B | CNSA | Lander | Operational |
| 118 | Chang'e 3 | Yutu | 1 December 2013 | Long March 3B | CNSA | Rover | Success |
| Entered orbit on 6 December 2013 with landing at 13:12 UTC on 14 December. Yutu rover was deployed from Chang'e 3. With its soft landing, China became the third country to successfully land on the lunar surface. ||||||
| 119 | Chang'e 5-T1 | Chang'e 5-T1 | 23 October 2014 | Long March 3C | CNSA | Orbiter | Operational |
| 119 | Chang'e 5-T1 | Chang'e 5-T1 Return Capsule | 23 October 2014 | Long March 3C | CNSA | Orbiter | Success |
| 119 | Chang'e 5-T1 | Manfred Memorial Moon Mission | 23 October 2014 | Long March 3C | LuxSpace | Flyby / Impactor (post mission) | Success |
| Demonstration of re-entry capsule for Chang'e 5 sample-return mission at lunar return velocity. Orbiter may still be in lunar orbit. Manfred Memorial Moon Mission attached to third stage of CZ-3C used to launch Chang'e 5-T1. Impacted the Moon on 4 March 2022. The impact made Luxembourg the 8th country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 120 | TESS | TESS | 18 April 2018 | Falcon 9 Full Thrust | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| Flyby on 17 May 2018 to designated high Earth orbit. ||||||
| 121 | Queqiao | Queqiao relay satellite | 21 May 2018 | Long March 4C | CNSA | Relay Satellite | Operational |
| 121 | Queqiao | Longjiang-1 | 21 May 2018 | Long March 4C | CNSA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| 121 | Queqiao | Longjiang-2 | 21 May 2018 | Long March 4C | CNSA | Orbiter | Success |
| Launched on the same rocket as Queqiao. Longjiang-1 never entered Moon orbit, while Longjiang-2 operated in lunar orbit until 31 July 2019, when it impacted the lunar surface. Queqiao entered designated Earth–Moon L$_2$ orbit on 14 June in preparation of Chang'e 4 far-side lunar lander in December 2018. ||||||
| 122 | Chang'e 4 | Chang'e 4 | 7 December 2018 | Long March 3B | CNSA | Lander | Operational |
| 122 | Chang'e 4 | Yutu-2 | 7 December 2018 | Long March 3B | CNSA | Rover | Operational |
| First spacecraft to soft land on the far side of the Moon (South Pole–Aitken basin). Landed 3 January 2019 and deployed the Yutu-2 rover. Cottonseeds sprouted in the lander in a biological experiment, the first plants to sprout on the Moon. ||||||
| 123 | Beresheet | Beresheet | 22 February 2019 | Falcon 9 | SpaceIL | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| First Israeli and first privately funded lunar lander mission. Technology demonstration. Instrumentation included a magnetometer and laser retroreflector. Spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface after main engine failure during descent from lunar orbit phase. The impact made Israel the 7th country to impact the surface of the Moon. ||||||
| 124 | Chandrayaan-2 | Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter | 22 July 2019 | LVM3 | ISRO | Orbiter | Operational |
| 124 | Chandrayaan-2 | Vikram | 22 July 2019 | LVM3 | ISRO | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 124 | Chandrayaan-2 | Pragyan | 22 July 2019 | LVM3 | ISRO | Rover | Precluded |
| Entered orbit on 20 August 2019. Lander separated from orbiter but crashed during a landing attempt on 6 September 2019, attributed to a software glitch. Both lander and rover were lost. Orbiter remained operational. ||||||
| 125 | Chang'e 5 | Chang'e 5 Orbiter | 23 November 2020 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Orbiter | Operational |
| 125 | Chang'e 5 | Chang'e 5 Lander | 23 November 2020 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Lander | Success |
| 125 | Chang'e 5 | Chang'e 5 Ascender | 23 November 2020 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Launch Vehicle | Success |
| 125 | Chang'e 5 | Chang'e 5 Returner | 23 November 2020 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Sample Return | Success |
| First lunar sample return mission from China, which returned 1.731 kg (61.1 oz) of lunar samples on 16 December 2020. The orbiter received a mission extension and is currently in a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) of the Moon. ||||||
| 126 | CAPSTONE | ⚀ CAPSTONE | 28 June 2022 | Electron | NASA | Orbiter | Operational |
| Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station. ||||||
| 127 | Danuri | Danuri | 4 August 2022 | Falcon 9 | KARI | Orbiter | Operational |
| Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) of South Korea. The orbiter, its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators. The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminium, and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites. ||||||
| 128 | Artemis I | Artemis I Orion MPCV CM-002 | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Orbiter | Success |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ LunaH-Map | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ Lunar IceCube | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ CubeSat for Solar Particles | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ Near-Earth Asteroid Scout | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ OMOTENASHI | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | JAXA | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ ArgoMoon | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | ASI | Flybys | Operational |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ EQUULEUS | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | JAXA | Flybys | Operational |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ LunIR | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | Lockheed Martin | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ BioSentinel | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | NASA | Flyby | Success |
| 128 | Artemis I | ⚀ Team Miles | 16 November 2022 | SLS Block 1 | Fluid & Reason | Flyby | Success |
| Uncrewed test of Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and lunar Distant retrograde orbit. ||||||
| 129 | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Hakuto-R | 11 December 2022 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | ispace | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 129 | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | SORA-Q | 11 December 2022 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Tomy/JAXA/Dodai | Rover | Precluded |
| 129 | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Rashid | 11 December 2022 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | UAESA/MBRSC | Rover | Precluded |
| 129 | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | ⚀ Lunar Flashlight | 11 December 2022 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | NASA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| Lunar lander technology demonstration. Contact lost during final stage of landing and deemed a failure. Cause of failure determined to be a software bug associated with the altitude estimation system., Emirates Lunar Mission Rashid was a small rover demonstration. The impact made the United Arab Emirates the 9th country to impact the surface of the Moon. Lunar Flashlight initially scheduled to be launched on the Artemis I mission, moved to a Falcon 9 Block 5 after not making it for the payload integration deadline. NASA announced later that it would not make its planned orbit or monthly flybys due to thruster issues. ||||||
| 130 | Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer | Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer | 14 April 2023 | Ariane 5 ECA | ESA | Flyby | Success |
| Flew by the Moon in August 2024 en route to Ganymede. ||||||
| 131 | Chandrayaan-3 | Chandrayaan-3 | 14 July 2023 | LVM3 | ISRO | Orbiter | Success |
| 131 | Chandrayaan-3 | Vikram lander | 14 July 2023 | LVM3 | ISRO | Lander | Success |
| 131 | Chandrayaan-3 | Pragyan rover | 14 July 2023 | LVM3 | ISRO | Rover | Success |
| Launched on 14 July 2023, Orbit insertion on 5 August 2023, Lander separated from propulsion module on 17 August 2023, landed on 23 August 2023, 12:32 UTC and deployed the Pragyan rover. With its soft landing, India became the fourth country to successfully land on the lunar surface. Later during extended operations, the Propulsion Module returned to Earth's orbit. ||||||
| 132 | Luna 25 | Luna 25 | 10 August 2023 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat | Roscosmos | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| Launched on 10 August 2023, Orbital insertion on 16 August 2023, failed orbital maneuver on 19 August 2023 set the spacecraft on the crash course with the Moon's surface. Loss of communication was confirmed by Roscosmos on 20 August 2023. The impact made Russia the 10th country to impact the lunar surface. ||||||
| 133 | SLIM | SLIM | 6 September 2023 | H-IIA | JAXA | Lander | Success |
| 133 | SLIM | LEV-1 | 6 September 2023 | H-IIA | JAXA | Hopper | Success |
| 133 | SLIM | LEV-2 (Sora-Q) | 6 September 2023 | H-IIA | Tomy / JAXA / Doshisha University | Rover | Success |
| Launched alongside XRISM as a co-passenger on 7 September 2023. Performed lunar swing-by, followed by lunar orbital insertion on 25 December 2023. SLIM landed intact and within 100 m of its target on 19 January 2024, 15:20 UTC, which met JAXA's criteria for a successful landing. However, it had landed with incorrect attitude to orient solar panels towards the Sun, which led to temporary power loss until the Sun was in the right position. LEV-1 and LEV-2 were successfully deployed and landed separately from SLIM shortly before its own landing. LEV-1 conducted six hops on lunar surface. With its soft landing, Japan became the fifth country to successfully land on the lunar surface. ||||||
| 134 | Peregrine Mission One | Peregrine | 8 January 2024 | Vulcan Centaur VC2 | Astrobotic Technology | Lander | Spacecraft failure |
| 134 | Peregrine Mission One | Colmena × 5 | 8 January 2024 | Vulcan Centaur VC2 | UNAM | Rovers | Precluded |
| 134 | Peregrine Mission One | ⚀ Iris | 8 January 2024 | Vulcan Centaur VC2 | CMU | Rover | Precluded |
| Part of CLPS. Peregrine lander's reaction thrusters' leak deemed the spacecraft uncontrollable for landing and it decayed in the Earth's atmosphere 10 days later. ||||||
| 135 | IM-1 | Nova-C Odysseus | 14 February 2024 | Falcon 9 B5 | Intuitive Machines | Lander | Success |
| 135 | IM-1 | ⚀ EagleCam | 14 February 2024 | Falcon 9 B5 | ERAU | Deployable camera | Spacecraft failure |
| First Nova-C mission. First private spacecraft to soft land on the Moon. Payloads successfully delivered for NASA CLPS and for private customers. Though it landed successfully, one of the lander's legs broke upon landing and it tilted up on other side, 18° due to landing on a slope, but the lander survived and payloads are functioning as expected. EagleCam was not ejected prior to landing. It was later ejected on the 28th of February but minimal data was obtained. ||||||
| 136 | DRO A/B | DRO-A | 13 March 2024 | Long March 2C | CAS | Relay Satellite | Operational |
| 136 | DRO A/B | DRO-B | 13 March 2024 | Long March 2C | CAS | Relay Satellite | Operational |
| Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit. ||||||
| 137 | Queqiao-2 | Queqiao-2 | 20 March 2024 | Long March 8 | CNSA | Relay Satellite | Operational |
| 137 | Queqiao-2 | Tiandu-1 | 20 March 2024 | Long March 8 | Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (DSEL, Tiandu Lab) | Orbiter | Operational |
| 137 | Queqiao-2 | Tiandu-2 | 20 March 2024 | Long March 8 | Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (DSEL, Tiandu Lab) | Orbiter | Operational |
| Relay satellite to support future missions of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program targeting south pole region. Tiandu satellites are launched with them to test communications for future lunar satellite constellation technologies. ||||||
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | Chang'e 6 Orbiter | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Orbiter | Success |
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | Chang'e 6 Lander | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Lander | Success |
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | Chang'e 6 Ascender | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Launch Vehicle | Success |
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | Chang'e 6 Returner | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Sample Return | Success |
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | Jinchan | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Rover | Success |
| 138 | Chang'e 6 | ⚀ ICUBE-Q | 3 May 2024 | Long March 5 | SUPARCO | Orbiter | Operational |
| First spacecraft to have collected lunar samples from the far side of the Moon (Apollo crater, South Pole–Aitken basin). ICUBE-Q is Pakistan's first lunar mission. Lander carries international payloads from ESA, France, Italy, and Sweden. It also carried a mini rover to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface. The orbiter went to Sun Earth L2 under mission extension. ||||||
| 139 | Blue Ghost M1 | Blue Ghost Lander | 15 January 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Firefly Aerospace | Lander | Operational |
| Lunar lander, carrying NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial payloads to Mare Crisium. First fully-successful private lunar landing. ||||||
| 140 | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Hakuto-R | 15 January 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | ispace | Lander | En route |
| 140 | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Tenacious | 15 January 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | ispace Europe | Rover | En route |
| Launched on the same rocket as Blue Ghost. Landing expected no earlier than 6 June. ||||||
| 141 | Lunar Trailblazer | Lunar Trailblazer | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | NASA | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure |
| Lunar orbiter aimed to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. Flyby on 3 March 2025. ||||||
| 142 | Brokkr-2 | Brokkr-2 | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | AstroForge | Flyby | Spacecraft failure |
| Asteroid probe intended to flyby the near-Earth asteroid 2022 OB5. Communication failure. Flyby on 3 March 2025. ||||||
| 143 | Chimera-1 | Chimera-1 | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Epic Aerospace | Flyby | Spacecraft failure? |
| Space tug planed TLI to Geosynchronous. Communication failure?. Flyby on 3 March 2025. ||||||
| 144 | IM-2 | Nova-C | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Intuitive Machines | Lander | Partial failure |
| 144 | IM-2 | μNova | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Intuitive Machines | Hopper | Precluded |
| 144 | IM-2 | MAPP | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Lunar Outpost/ Nokia | Rover | Precluded |
| 144 | IM-2 | AstroAnt | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | MIT | Rover | Precluded |
| 144 | IM-2 | Yaoki | 27 February 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Dymon | Rover | Precluded |
| Second Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers. MAPP and μNova will test a new Nokia lunar communication system. Lander achieved a soft landing on 6 March but landed on its side, precluding recharging and deployment of payloads. Mission concluded one day after landing. ||||||

## Statistics
### Launches by decade

This is a list of 144 missions (including failed ones) to the Moon. It includes Flybys, Impact probes, orbiters, landers, rovers and crewed missions.

### Mission milestones by country

This is a list of major milestones achieved by country. Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country to accomplish each milestone, regardless of mission type or intended outcome. For example, Beresheet was not intended to be an impactor, but achieved that milestone incidentally.

#### Legend

Attempted Milestone achieved  Attempted Milestone not achieved † First to achieve
| Country/ Agency | Flyby | Orbit | Impact | Soft landing | Rover | Sample return | Crewed orbiting | Crewed landing |
| United States | Pioneer 4, 1959 | Lunar Orbiter 1, 1966 | Ranger 4, 1962 | Surveyor 1, 1966 | LRV (Apollo 15), 1971 | Apollo 11, 1969 † | Apollo 8, 1968 † | Apollo 11, 1969 † |
| Soviet Union | Luna 1, 1959 † | Luna 10, 1966 † | Luna 2, 1959 † | Luna 9, 1966 † | Lunokhod 1, 1970 † | Luna 16, 1970 | — | — |
| China | Chang'e 5-T1, 2014 | Chang'e 1, 2007 | Chang'e 1, 2009 | Chang'e 3, 2013 | Yutu, 2013 | Chang'e 5, 2020 | — | — |
| India | Chandrayaan 3, 2023 | Chandrayaan 1, 2008 | MIP, 2008 | Chandrayaan 3, 2023 | Pragyan, 2023 | — | — | — |
| Japan | Hiten, 1990 | Hiten, 1993 | Hiten, 1993 | SLIM, 2024 | LEV-1, 2024 | — | — | — |
| Israel | — | Beresheet, 2019 | Beresheet, 2019 | Beresheet, 2019 | — | — | — | — |
| Russia | — | Luna 25, 2023 | Luna 25, 2023 | Luna 25, 2023 | — | — | — | — |
| ESA | — | SMART-1, 2003 | SMART-1, 2006 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Luxembourg | 4M, 2014 | — | 4M, 2022 | — | — | — | — | — |
| South Korea | — | Danuri, 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italy | ArgoMoon, 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| UAE | — | — | Rashid, 2023 | — | Rashid, 2023 | — | — | — |
| Pakistan | — | ICUBE-Q, 2024 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mexico | — | — | — | — | Colmena, 2024 | — | — | — |

### Landing sites

As of March 2025, there have been a total twenty eight successful soft landings on the Moon carried out by five countries that include China, India, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Among these, a total of six soft landings were crewed (Apollo) conducted by United States. All two soft landings on the far side of the Moon were carried out by China, while soft landing near the lunar south pole was carried out by India's Chandrayaan-3 and Intuitive Machines' IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus and IM-2 Nova-C Athena lander.

## Future missions

There are several future lunar missions planned or proposed by various nations and organizations.

### Funded and are under development
#### Robotic

| Mission | Spacecraft | Launch date | Carrier rocket | Operator | Mission type |
| Mark 1 Pathfinder Mission | Blue Moon | NET August 2025 | New Glenn | Blue Origin | Lander |
| First mission for the Blue Moon lander platform developed by Blue Origin and will prove the viability of the platform and BE-7 engine. It has a cargo capacity of up to 3000kg. |||||
| IM-3 | Nova-C | October 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Intuitive Machines | Lander |
| IM-3 | Khon2 | October 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | Intuitive Machines | Relay Satellite |
| IM-3 | CADRE x3 | October 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | NASA | Rovers |
| IM-3 | Lunar Vertex | October 2025 | Falcon 9 B5 | NASA Lunar Outpost | Rover |
| Third Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers. Lunar Vertex mission. |||||
| Starship Demo mission | Starship HLS | 2025 | Starship | SpaceX | Lander |
| Uncrewed demo mission of Starship HLS. |||||
| DESTINY+ | DESTINY+ | 2025 | Epsilon S | JAXA | Flyby |
| Lunar flyby toward asteroid 3200 Phaethon. |||||
| Griffin Mission 1 | Griffin lander | 2025 | Falcon Heavy | Astrobotic Technology | Lander |
| Artemis III Starship HLS delivery | Starship HLS | 2026 | Starship | SpaceX | Lander |
| Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis III mission. |||||
| TBD (CLPS Lander) | Moon to Mars Initiative: Trailblazer (Roo-ver) | 2026 | TBD | Australian Space Agency | Rover |
| APEX 1.0 | APEX 1.0 | 2026 | TBD | ispace U.S. Draper | Lander |
| APEX 1.0 | Lunar Relay Satellite 1 | 2026 | TBD | ispace U.S. Blue Canyon Technologies | Relay Satellite |
| APEX 1.0 | Lunar Relay Satellite 2 | 2026 | TBD | ispace U.S. Blue Canyon Technologies | Relay Satellite |
| Lunar lander. ispace Mission 3, and mission CP-12 of the CLPS program. |||||
| Blue Ghost M2 | Blue Ghost lander | 2026 | TBD | Firefly Aerospace | Lander |
| Blue Ghost M2 | Elytra orbital vehicle | 2026 | TBD | Firefly Aerospace | Orbiter |
| Second mission of Firefly Aerospace, part of CLPS, includes 2 stage variant of blue ghost. |||||
| Lunar Pathfinder | Lunar Pathfinder | 2026 | TBD | ESA | Relay Satellite |
| Lunar communications satellite to support future lunar missions. |||||
| Chang'e 7 | Chang'e 7 Orbiter | 2026 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Orbiter |
| Chang'e 7 | Chang'e 7 Lander | 2026 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Lander |
| Chang'e 7 | Chang'e 7 Rover | 2026 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Rover |
| Chang'e 7 | Chang'e 7 Hopper | 2026 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Hopper |
| Payloads include an orbiter, south pole lander, rover, and a mini flying probe to look for the presence of water-ice. |||||
| Starship cargo mission | Starship HLS | 2026 | Starship | SpaceX | Lander |
| First SpaceX lunar cargo mission, yet to be announced by SpaceX itself. |||||
| FLEX | FLEX | 2026 | Starship | Astrolab | Rover |
| Large Lunar rover, can accommodate cargo and 2 astronauts. |||||
| Astrobotic mission 3 | TBA | 2026 | Falcon Heavy | Astrobotic | Lander |
| Astrobotic mission 3 | ⚀ LunaGrid-Lite CubeRover | 2026 | Falcon Heavy | Astrobotic | Rover |
| Astrobotic mission 3 | Lunaris Platform | 2026 | Falcon Heavy | Astrobotic | Deployable platform |
| Third lunar mission by Astrobotic, will land at lunar south pole. LunaGrid-Lite mission. |||||
| Canadian lunar rover mission | Canadensys Lunar Rover | 2026 | TBD | Canadensys CSA | Rover |
| First Canadian lunar rover. Will fly as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative. |||||
| ZeusX | ZeusX service module | Q4 2027 | TBD | Qosmosys | Orbiter |
| ZeusX | ZeusX lunar lander | Q4 2027 | TBD | Qosmosys | Lander |
| ZeusX | LIBER | Q4 2027 | TBD | Qosmosys | Rover |
| First lunar landing attempt for Singapore, lander can carry up to 800 kg to lunar surface. |||||
| Luna 26 | Luna 26 | 2027 | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Roscosmos | Orbiter |
| Orbiter, part of the Luna-Glob programme. Will scout for Luna 27 landing site. |||||
| PPE and HALO | PPE | 2027 | Falcon Heavy | NASA Northrop Grumman | Space station assembly |
| PPE and HALO | HALO | 2027 | Falcon Heavy | NASA Northrop Grumman | Space station assembly |
| First two Lunar Gateway modules. |||||
| Chandrayaan-4 | Chandrayaan-4 | 2027–2028 | LVM3 | ISRO | Lander |
| Luna 27 | Luna 27 | 2028 | Angara A5 / Fregat | Roscosmos | Lander |
| Lander, part of Luna-Glob programme. |||||
| Chang'e 8 | Chang'e 8 Orbiter | 2028 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Orbiter |
| Chang'e 8 | Chang'e 8 Lander | 2028 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Lander |
| Chang'e 8 | Chang'e 8 Rover | 2028 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Rover |
| Chang'e 8 | Chang'e 8 Robot | 2028 | Long March 5 | CNSA | Hopper |
| South pole lander. Testing technology for using local resources and manufacturing with 3D printing. |||||
| SpaceX GLS-1 | Dragon XL | 2028 | Falcon Heavy | SpaceX | Resupply vehicle |
| First resupply mission to Lunar Gateway. |||||
| Uncrewed Blue Moon Demo mission | Blue Moon HLS | 2028 | New Glenn | Blue Origin | Lander |
| Uncrewed Blue Moon Demo mission | Cislunar Transporter | 2028 | New Glenn | Lockheed Martin | Transfer vehicle |
| Demo mission of Blue Moon lander system in preparation for crewed landing in 2029. |||||
| Artemis IV Starship HLS delivery | Starship HLS | 2028 | Starship | SpaceX | Lander |
| Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis IV mission. |||||
| Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) | LUPEX lander | 2028–2029 | H3 | ISRO | Lander |
| Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) | LUPEX rover | 2028–2029 | H3 | JAXA | Rover |
| Artemis V Blue Moon HLS delivery | Blue Moon HLS | 2029 | New Glenn | Blue Origin | Lander |
| Artemis V Blue Moon HLS delivery | Cislunar Transporter | 2029 | New Glenn | Lockheed Martin | Transfer vehicle |
| Delivery of Blue Moon HLS for Artemis V mission. |||||
| Argonaut M1 | Argonaut Lander | 2031 | Ariane 64 | ESA | Lander |
| Robotic Lander system. Will act as resupply vehicle for future Moonbase. |||||
| Lunar Voyage 3 | Mapp | TBA | TBA | Lunar Outpost | Rover |
| First fully commercial mission of Lunar Outpost MAPP program. |||||

#### Crewed

| Agency or company | Name | Spacecraft | Launch date | Launch vehicle | Notes |
| NASA CSA | Artemis II | Orion | April 2026 | SLS Block 1 | Crewed test of the Orion spacecraft on a free-return trajectory around the Moon. |
| NASA | Artemis III | Orion, Starship HLS | mid-2027 | SLS Block 1 | Deliver the "first woman and next man" to the Moon. |
| NASA | Artemis IV | Orion, Starship HLS | September 2028 | SLS Block 1B | First flight of Block 1B configuration. Deliver Lunar I-Hab and conduct second Artemis crewed lunar landing. |
| NASA | Artemis V | Orion, Blue Moon HLS | March 2030 | SLS Block 1B | Crewed Gateway and Surface expedition. Delivery of ESPRIT and Lunar Terrain Vehicle. |
| CNSA | Chinese crewed lunar mission | Mengzhou, Lanyue | ~2030 | Long March 10 | Two launches of LM-10 to put a pair of astronauts on the Moon for a 6-hour stay. |
| NASA | Artemis VI | Orion, TBD | March 2031 | SLS Block 1B | Lunar landing with delivery of Crew and Science Airlock module. |

### Proposed but full funding still unclear
#### Robotic and crewed

The following missions have been proposed but their full funding is unclear:
| Agency or company | Mission | Name of spacecraft | Proposed launch | Notes |
| GEC | ⚀ Doge-1 | ⚀ Doge-1 | TBA | 12U CubeSat, the mission is being paid for entirely with the cryptocurrency Dogecoin. First Canadian lunar mission. |
| SpaceIL | Beresheet 2 | Orbiter | 2025 | One orbiter, two landers. |
| SpaceIL | Beresheet 2 | Lander 1 | 2025 | One orbiter, two landers. |
| SpaceIL | Beresheet 2 | Lander 2 | 2025 | One orbiter, two landers. |
| Airvantis | Garatéa-L | Garatéa-L | 2025 | Proposed lunar CubeSat, Partnership between UKSA and ESA. |
| OHB IAI | LSAS lander | LSAS lander | 2025 | proposed commercial lander, will rideshare with a Geostationary satellite. |
| Parsec | Parsec lunar satellites | Parsec lunar satellites | 2025 | Parsec lunar communication constellation. |
| Turkish Space Agency | AYAP-1 | AYAP-1 | 2026 | Turkey will perform a hard landing on the Moon. |
| ESA | Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observer | Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observer | 2026 | Proposed CubeSat to observe asteroid impacts on Far side of Moon. |
| Australian Space Agency | Lunar Trailblazer | Lunar Trailblazer | 2026 | Under study for possible rover mission |
| Delft University of Technology | Lunar zebro | Lunar zebro | 2026 | Small swarming rover, radiation measurements |
| Turkish Space Agency | AYAP-2 | Lander | 2028 | Soft landing mission |
| Turkish Space Agency | AYAP-2 | Rover | 2028 | Soft landing mission |
| Roscosmos | Luna 28 | Luna 28 | 2030 | Proposed sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, may include a small rover. |
| Roscosmos | Luna 29 | Luna 29 Lander | 2030s | Proposed sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, Will include Luna-Grunt rover. |
| Roscosmos | Luna 29 | Luna-Grunt rover | 2030s | Proposed sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, Will include Luna-Grunt rover. |
| KARI | Phase 2 of the Korean lunar exploration program | Phase 2 of the Korean lunar exploration program | 2030 | Lander and rover |
| Roscosmos | Zeus | Zeus | 2030 | Nuclear Propelled Space Tug, might deliver payloads to the moon |
| CNSA Roscosmos | International Lunar Research Station (ILRS 1-5) | International Lunar Research Station (ILRS 1-5) | 2031 - 2035 | 5 crucial missions planned for comprehensive establishment of ILRS to complete the in-orbit and surface facilities |
| ISRO | Indian Lunar Crewed Mission | Indian Lunar Crewed Mission | ~2040 | National effort to send an Indian astronaut to the moon |
| NASA | BOLAS | BOLAS | TBD | 2 tethered CubeSats on a very low lunar orbit. |
| Magellan Aerospace | Autonomous Impactor for Lunar Exploration | Autonomous Impactor for Lunar Exploration | TBD | Impactor for LEAP |
| NASA | Lunar Crater Radio Telescope | Lunar Crater Radio Telescope | TBD | Radio telescope made by 4 rovers |
| LiftPort Group | Lunar space elevator | Lunar space elevator | TBD | Creating a reusable, replaceable and expandable Lunar elevator to open up the resources present on the Moon |
| ESC Aerospace | LVICE² | LVICE² | TBD | Measuring the concentration of micrometeorites |

## Lunar Rovers

| Mission | Rover | Country/Agency | Date of landing | Coordinates | Operational time | Distance travelled | Outcome |
| Luna E-8 No.201 | Lunokhod | Lavochkin | 10 November 1968 | N/A | 0 days | 0 km | Launch failure |
| First launch of the Lunokhod rover. Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded. ||||||||
| Luna 17 | Lunokhod 1 | USSR | 17 November 1970 | | 322 days | 10.5 km (6.5 mi) | Successful |
| First rover on an extraterrestrial body. |||||||
| Luna 21 | Lunokhod 2 | USSR | 15 January 1973 | | 117 days | 39 km (24 mi) | Successful |
| Farthest distance traveled on the Moon. |||||||
| Chang'e 3 | Yutu | CNSA | 14 December 2013 | | 42 days (mobile) 973 days (total) | 114.8 m (377 ft) | Successful |
| First Chinese extraterrestrial rover and first lunar rover in over 40 years. |||||||
| Chang'e 4 | Yutu-2 | CNSA | 3 January 2019 | | 2266 days | 1.455 km (0.904 mi) as of 3 January 2023 | Operational |
| First rover on the far side of the Moon. Longest fully functioning rover on the Moon. |||||||
| Chandrayaan-2 | Pragyan | ISRO | 6 September 2019 | | 0 days | 0 km | Precluded |
| Lost when Vikram lander crash landed on the Moon. |||||||
| Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Rashid | MBRSC | April 2023 | TBD | 0 days | 0 km | Precluded |
| Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Sora-Q | Tomy/JAXA/Doshisha University | April 2023 | TBD | 0 days | 0 km | Precluded |
| Contact lost during final descent of the Hakuto-R Mission 1 lander. Presumed crash landing and failure. |||||||
| Chandrayaan-3 | Pragyan | ISRO | 23 August 2023 | | 12 days | 101.4 m (333 ft) as of 2 September 2023 | Successful |
| First rover to successfully operate near lunar south pole. |||||||
| SLIM | LEV-1 | JAXA | 19 January 2024 | | 1 hour and 51 minutes | | Successful |
| SLIM | LEV-2 (Sora-Q) | JAXA | 19 January 2024 | | 1 hour and 51 minutes | | Successful |
| A hopper and a rover included in the SLIM mission which demonstrated precision landing technology. |||||||
| Peregrine Mission One | Iris | CMU | 2024 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| Peregrine Mission One | Colmena x5 | UNAM | 2024 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| Colmena would have been deployed using a small catapult mechanism. Mission cancelled along with the cancelled landing of Peregrine lander due to excessive propellant leak. |||||||
| Chang'e 6 | Jinchan | CNSA | 1 June 2024 | | 4 days | | Success |
| Conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface. |||||||
| IM-2 | MAPP LV1 | Lunar Outpost | 6 March 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| IM-2 | AstroAnt | MIT | 6 March 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| IM-2 | Micro-Nova | Intuitive Machines | 6 March 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| IM-2 | Yaoki | Dymon | 6 March 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Precluded |
| MAPP and Micro-Nova would have demonstrated a new lunar communication system. IM-2 landed on 6 March 2025. The spacecraft was intact after touchdown but resting on its side, thereby complicating its planned science and technology demonstration mission; this outcome is similar to what occurred with the company's IM-1 Odysseus spacecraft in 2024. |||||||
| Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Tenacious | ispace Europe | June 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | En route |
| Hakuto-R Mission 2 will feature a rover for surface exploration and data collection. |||||||
| IM-3 | Lunar Vertex | NASA/Lunar Outpost | Q4 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| IM-3 | CADRE x4 | NASA | Q4 2025 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Mission to study Reiner Gamma. |||||||
| Chang’e 7 | Chang’e 7 rover | CNSA | 2026 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Chang’e 7 | Chang’e 7 hopper | CNSA | 2026 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Will search for water ice in and around craters in the south pole of the Moon. |||||||
| Starship lunar cargo mission | FLEX | Astrolab | 2026 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Astrolab contracted with SpaceX to send their rover to the Moon aboard Starship |||||||
| TBD (CLPS Lander) | Moon to Mars Initiative: Trailblazer (Roo-ver) | ASA | 2026 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Australia's first lunar rover. |||||||
| Astrobotics mission 3 | ⚀ LunaGrid-Lite CubeRover | Astrobotics | 2026 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Third lunar mission by Astrobotic, will land at lunar south pole. LunaGrid-Lite mission. |||||||
| LUPEX | LUPEX Rover | JAXA ISRO | 2028 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Joint mission between ISRO and JAXA. |||||||
| Chang’e 8 | Chang’e 8 rover | CNSA | 2028 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Chang’e 8 | Chang’e 8 Robot | CNSA | 2028 | TBD | TBD | TBD | Planned |
| Chinese ISRU mission in preparation for ILRS. |||||||

## Unrealized concepts
### 1960s

* Soviet crewed lunar programs – The Soviet Union had been pursuing a crewed lunar flyby mission using Soyuz 7K-L1 launched aboard Proton-K and a crewed landing mission using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK Lander launched aboard N1 rocket. After a series of N1 failures, both of these programs were cancelled in 1970 and 1976 respectively.

### 1970s

* Canceled Apollo missions – The Apollo program had three more missions lined up until Apollo 20, but the missions beyond Apollo 17, the sixth and final landing mission, were canceled due to budget constraints, change in technical direction and hardware delays. The ambitions shifted towards developing next generation rockets like Space Shuttle, the space station Skylab and in exploration programs such as Grand Tour program.

### 2000s

* Constellation Program – The Constellation program ran from 2004–2010 and would have utilised the Ares I and Ares V rockets alongside the Orion spacecraft and Altair lunar lander to return astronauts to the Moon by 2020 in preparation for crewed missions to Mars. It was cancelled in October 2010 by the Augustine Committee. However, the Orion was spared and finally launched in November 2022 with Constellation and its rockets revised as the Artemis Program and Space Launch System.

### 2010s

* Resource Prospector – Concept by NASA of a rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon. It was canceled in April 2018.
* Indo-Russian joint mission – A joint mission between India and Russia for a robotic lander and rover was under development since 2007. Russia was supposed to develop the lander while India would develop an orbiter, a rover and launch the composite. However, with failure of Fobos-Grunt mission, Russia was unable to provide the lander in time and requested India to accept the delay and risk. The collaboration ended with India repurposing its orbiter towards Mars with its Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013. India would later go on to develop and launch its Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 mission, using an indigenously developed lander.

### 2020s

* DearMoon was an unrealized tourist mission financed by Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa. Maezawa and six to eight other civilians would have performed a lunar flyby in a SpaceX Starship. It was cancelled on June 1, 2024
* VIPER – NASA rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon. It was canceled in July 2024.