# ICC World Test Championship

The ICC World Test Championship (WTC) is a biennial cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It is played over two years and is the premier championship for Test cricket. Australia are the current champions, having defeated India in the 2023 final. They will face South Africa in the 2025 final at Lord's.
WTC league games are organized by the host nation's cricket board, whereas the final is organized directly by the ICC. The inaugural ICC World Test Championship started with the 2019 Ashes series and finished with New Zealand lifting the trophy after defeating India in the final in June 2021. The second ICC World Test Championship started on 4 August 2021 with the England–India series and finished with Australia lifting the trophy after defeating India in the final in June 2023. The third ICC World Test Championship started on 16 June 2023 with the 2023 Ashes series and will conclude with the final in the summer of 2025.

## History

Men's World Test Championship winners :
| WTC Cycle | Champions |
| 2019-21 | New Zealand |
| 2021-23 | Australia |
This championship was first proposed in 1996 by Clive Lloyd, former cricketer and then manager of the West Indies team. Later, in 2009, when the ICC met the MCC to discuss a proposed Test match championship. Former New Zealand captain Martin Crowe was one of the main brains behind this proposal.
In July 2010 ICC chief executive Haroon Lorgat suggested a quadrennial tournament with the four best-ranked nations meeting in the semi-finals and a final, in a bid to boost flagging interest in the longest form of the sport. The first tournament was meant to replace the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy in England and Wales.
The idea of a Test championship was considered by the ICC Chief Executives' Committee at a meeting at their headquarters in Dubai in mid-September 2010. ICC spokesperson Colin Gibson said that much more would be revealed after the meeting, and that if the championship was held in England, then the favoured final venue would be Lord's. As expected, the ICC approved the plan and said that the first tournament would be held in England and Wales in 2013. The format of the tournament was also announced. It would comprise an inaugural league stage, played over a period of four years, with all ten current Test cricket nations (Australia, India, England, South Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, West Indies, Zimbabwe, and Bangladesh) participating. After the league stage the top four teams will take part in the play-offs, with the final determining the Test cricket champions.
There was a debate as to whether the play-off would take place between the top eight teams or the top four teams, but the latter was unanimously chosen by the board. It was also announced that the tournament would replace the ICC Champions Trophy. No decision had been made concerning how to decide the outcome of drawn matches in the knock-out stages.
However, in 2011, the ICC announced that the Test Championship would not take place until 2017, and that the 2013 tournament would be cancelled because of financial problems within the board, and its commitment to its sponsors and broadcasters. England and Wales, the original hosts of this cancelled tournament, were awarded the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy instead, the tournament that the Test Championship was intended to replace. This drew widespread criticism; both Greg Chappell and Graeme Smith criticised the ICC, saying that postponing the Test Championship was wrong and unjustified. The Guardian reported that this postponement was a blow to Lord's, which had been expected to host the final.
At the ICC Chief Executives' meeting in April 2012, it was confirmed that the ICC Champions Trophy would be last held in 2013 with the inaugural Test Championship play-offs being scheduled for June 2017. The ICC said that there would be only one trophy for each format of the game, which meant that the Champions Trophy would no longer take place since the Cricket World Cup is the premier event for 50-over cricket.
The final would possibly have followed the historical timeless test format. Further improvements in the structure of the championship have also been discussed.
However, in January 2014, the 2017 ICC World Test Championship was cancelled and the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was reinstated.
In October 2017, the ICC announced that a Test league had been agreed upon by its members, which would involve the top nine teams playing series over two years with the top two teams qualifying for a World Test League Championship Final, which will be considered as an ICC event.

## Tournament summary
### 2019–2021 tournament

The first tournament began with the 2019 Ashes series. In March 2020, matches were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not resuming before July 2020, with several rounds of matches being postponed or ultimately cancelled. New Zealand became the first team to qualify for the final, when it was confirmed that the series between South Africa and Australia would not proceed, followed by India. The inaugural World Test Championship Final was played between India and New Zealand from 18 to 23 June 2021 at Rose Bowl, Southampton, England. Despite the opening and fourth day of the final being washed out by rain, New Zealand managed to win in the final session of the reserve day and lifted the first World Test Championship trophy.

### 2021–2023 tournament

The WTC 2021–23 cycle began in August 2021 with Pataudi Trophy (5 matches series between India and England). The International Cricket Council officially announced the full programme with a new points system. Australia qualified for the final by winning the 3rd Test Match of the 2022–23 Border-Gavaskar Trophy. India qualified after Sri Lanka failed to win the first match of their series in New Zealand, qualifying for the final for the second consecutive time. The final was played from 7 June to 11 June 2023 at The Oval, London, England, with Australia emerging as champions after defeating India by 209 runs. This was India's second consecutive defeat at the WTC final.

### 2023–2025 tournament

The WTC 2023–25 cycle began with the 1st Ashes Test on 16 June 2023. The International Cricket Council officially announced that the WTC final will be played at Lord's in the summer of 2025.

## Results

| Year | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Year | Venue | Winners | Result | Runners-up | Player of the final |
| 2019–2021 | Rose Bowl, Southampton | New Zealand 249 & 140/2 | New Zealand won by 8 wickets (Scorecard) | India 217 & 170 | Kyle Jamieson |
| 2021–2023 | The Oval, London | Australia 469 & 270/8d | Australia won by 209 runs (Scorecard) | India 296 & 234 | Travis Head |
| 2023–2025 | Lord's, London | | | | |

## Team performances
### Key

| 1st | Winner |
| 2nd | Runners-up |
| 3rd | 2nd Runners-up |
| 4th | Fourth place |
| F | Reached final |
An overview of all the Test playing nations' performances:
| Tournament Team | 2019–2021 | 2021–2023 | 2023–2025 | Apps. |
| Australia | 3rd | 1st | F | 3 |
| Bangladesh | 9th | 9th | 7th | 3 |
| England | 4th | 4th | 5th | 3 |
| India | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd | 3 |
| New Zealand | 1st | 6th | 4th | 3 |
| Pakistan | 6th | 7th | 9th | 3 |
| South Africa | 5th | 3rd | F | 3 |
| Sri Lanka | 7th | 5th | 6th | 3 |
| West Indies | 8th | 8th | 8th | 3 |

## Tournament records

    As of 9 February 2025
World Test Championship Records :
| Batting |||
| Most runs | Joe Root | 5,543 |
| Most hundreds | Joe Root | 18 |
| Most runs in a single tournament | Joe Root | 1,968 (2023–2025) |
| Most hundreds in a single tournament | Joe Root | 8 (2021–23) |
| Highest score | David Warner v Pakistan | 335* (2019–21) |
| Bowling |||
| Most wickets | Nathan Lyon | 210 |
| Most wickets in a single tournament | Nathan Lyon | 88 (2021–23) |
| Best bowling in an innings | Ajaz Patel v India | 10/119 (2021–23) |
| Best bowling in a match | Ajaz Patel v India | 14/225 (2021–23) |
| Fielding |||
| Most dismissals by a wicket-keeper | Alex Carey | 162 |
| Most dismissals in a single tournament | Alex Carey | 95 (2023–25) |
| Most catches by a fielder | Steve Smith | 104 |
| Most catches in a single tournament | Steve Smith | 43 (2023–25) |
| Team |||
| Highest score | England v Pakistan | 823/7d (2023–25) |
| Lowest score | India v Australia | 36 (2019–21) |