OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Puerto Marqués

Puerto Marqués is a bay located on the Pacific Coast in the Mexican State of Guerrero. Approximately 10 kilometers (6.5 miles) south of the city of Acapulco, it is the second closest Pacific port to Mexico City, approximately three hundred kilometres southwest, just north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It has two main beaches for tourists and locals, Puerto Marqués Beach and Majahua Beach.
The oldest known pottery found in Mesoamerica, a culture area within the borders of Central America, was found at Puerto Marqués. "Pox" pottery discovered there has been dated to as early as 2400 BC, roughly 3500 years ago. During these times, most people were hunters and foragers, setting up camps and continuously migrating based on the seasons.

## Geography

Puerto Marqués is located just south of present day Acapulco, in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Nearly half the terrain is mountainous, with the remainder being a mix of flat or slightly elevated. The area is hot, with a tropical climate with distinct seasonal wet and dry periods. Temperatures typically range 22–32 °C (72–90 °F) on average all year around. Puerto Marqués is at the south end of a deep semi-circular (semi-enclosed) bay, and has a developing economy with buildings such as high rise hotels increasing in number.

## History

The development of pottery has been documented at many Mesoamerican sites, and is typically seen as a sign of settlement. But in the Archaic period to which the pottery found at Perto Marqués was dated, the role of foragers and hunters was more prominent than the sedentary life, as agricultural developments were yet to be made and resources were used up from site to site as mobile bands moved around the countryside. Pottery and ceramics have often been found at archaeological sites of centuries past, as they preserve well and can allow for research. These artifacts can occur in many different ways. The earliest level excavated at Puerto Marqués had no ceramics, but the level above that yielded "Pox" pottery, so-called because of the pockmarks on its interior surface where bits of fiber temper burned away in the firing process. Temper is the material that is added to raw clay in order to heighten the clay vessel's durability, and the kind of temper (fiber, grit, shell, etc.) is a way to diagnose common traits that could indicate shared information regarding a technology. "Pox" pottery bears a red slip on the exterior, similar to ceramics from the Initial Formative period found in coastal Soconusco, and also to pottery found in Ecuador; some of these finds are dated even earlier.
The pottery found at Puerto Marqués serves as a way to relate and understand the makers' social structures, and socio-economic status within the context of their lives long ago.
# Robert Ferguson (physician)

Robert Ferguson M.D. (1799–1865) was a Scottish physician.

## Life

Ferguson was the son of Robert Ferguson of Glen Islay, Perthshire. He was born in India. He went to school at Croydon under Alexander Crombie, author of the Gymnasium, and began to study medicine as the pupil of one of his relatives, a practitioner in Soho, and in attendance at the lectures of the Great Windmill Street school of anatomy. After an interval of general study at Heidelberg, he joined the medical classes at Edinburgh and graduated M.D. in 1823.
Through family connections he became intimate with the circle of Sir Walter Scott, and on proceeding to London brought with him an introduction from Lockhart to Mr. Murray of Albemarle Street, who introduced him to literary circles in the metropolis. After travelling abroad for a time as medical attendant, he took the post of resident medical officer at the Marylebone Infirmary, where he learned from Dr. Hooper 'many of those strange resources and prescriptions on which, to the surprise of many of his contemporaries, he was wont to rely with entire confidence in some of the greatest emergencies of medical practice'. With the support of Robert Gooch he entered on special obstetric practice, was appointed physician to the Westminster Lying-in Hospital, and professor of obstetrics at the newly founded King's College in 1831. In 1827 he had been active in founding the London Medical Gazette as an organ of conservative opinion in medical politics and of academical views in medical science. Along with Watson he attended Scott in 1831 when he passed through London in broken health on his way to Naples, and again in 1832 on his way back.
He became a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1837, and afterwards councillor and censor. In 1840 he was appointed physician-accoucheur to the queen, in which capacity he attended, along with Sir Charles Locock, at the birth of all her majesty's children.
About 1857 he gradually withdrew from his extensive obstetric practice, and became a general medical consultant. He died at his cottage at Winkfield, Berkshire, on 25 June 1865.

## Works

For Murray's Family Library he afterwards compiled two volumes, anonymously, on the Natural History of Insects, and for the Quarterly Review he wrote ten articles from 1829 to 1854, most of them medical, and one or two of a philosopho-religious kind. His first publication, dated in 1825 from Baker Street, was a letter to Sir Henry Halford proposing a combination of the old inoculation of smallpox with vaccination.
His professional writings belong to the earlier period of his practice: Puerperal Fever 1839; Diseases of the Uterus and Ovaria in Tweedie's Library of Medicine; and an edition of Gooch's papers on the Diseases of Women, with concise introductory essay, for the New Sydenham Society, 1859.

## Family

He married, first, in 1830, Cecilia Labalmondiere from a French family, who died without issue in 1842. Secondly, he married in 1846, Mary, daughter of Macleod of Dunvegan, by whom he had five children.
# Pilbeam

Pilbeam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Pilbeam, American academic and paleoanthropologist
* Harriette Pilbeam (known professionally as Hatchie), Australian singer-songwriter and musician
* Mike Pilbeam, English founder of Pilbeam Racing Designs
* Nova Pilbeam, British actress
* Pamela Pilbeam, English historian
* Rex Pilbeam, Australian politician
* Sally Pilbeam, Australian paratriathlete
# Reaction shot

In film production, cinematography and video production, a reaction shot is a shot which cuts away from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a character to it. The reaction shot is a basic unit of film grammar.
A reaction shot usually implies the display of some sort of emotion on the face of the actor being shown, and is thus most commonly a close-up shot (although a group of actors may be shown reacting together). A reaction shot is also generally bereft of dialogue, though this is not an absolute rule. Its main purpose is to show an emotional response to the immediately preceding action or words of another character in the scene, or to an event in the immediately preceding scene which may or may not involve another actor (e.g., an explosion, monster, empty room, etc.)
The assumption behind the logic of the reaction shot is that the emotional reaction of the actor being depicted will either advance the story, reveal character traits of the character in the reaction shot, or emphasize character traits of another character that were displayed in the action or dialog present in the preceding shot. A completely unemotional reaction may also be important if it provides information to the audience or is unexpected in the context of the scene.
Reaction shots can be especially critical in comedy, as the reaction of an actor or actors to a dramatic incident provides a psychological cue to the audience about how to respond to that incident themselves.
In some cases, the deliberate avoidance of showing a reaction shot can be used by a filmmaker to dramatic effect; for instance, if the filmmaker wishes to conceal a character's motivations by hiding their reaction to a particular event.
# Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer

Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA buffer) is a lysis buffer used to lyse cells and tissue for the radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). This buffer is more denaturing than NP-40 or Triton X-100 because it contains the ionic detergents SDS and sodium deoxycholate as active constituents and is particularly useful for disruption of nuclear membranes in the preparation of nuclear extracts. The stronger detergents in RIPA buffer (such as SDS) cause greater protein denaturation and decrease protein-protein interactions.

## Recipe

RIPA buffer recipes vary slightly between authors and may include:
* 10-50 mM Tris-HCl (10 mM sodium phosphate may be used instead), pH 7–8
* 150 mM NaCl to keep the osmotic pressure near physiological
* nonionic detergents (1% Triton X-100 or NP-40) to prevent non-specific interactions between proteins or with the tube
* anionic detergents (0.1-0.5% deoxycholate, 0.1-0.5% SDS).
The following ingredients are optional and included as needed:
* Protease inhibitors (1 mM PMSF (fresh from 1 M stock in i-propanol), 1 μg/mL each leupeptin, aprotinin, pepstatin, 1-5 mM EDTA, 0.5-1 mM EGTA, 5 mM aminocaproic acid) or commercial protease inhibitor cocktail (use according to the manufacturer's instruction)
* 1 mM each Na$_3$VO$_4$ and Na$_4$P$_2$O$_7$ as phosphatase inhibitor (if phosphorylation status is important)
* 1 mM NaF as preservative
* 5-10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) or β-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent.
# 2022 Championnats Banque Nationale de Granby – Men's doubles

André Göransson and Sem Verbeek were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Julian Cash and Henry Patten won the title after defeating Jonathan Eysseric and Artem Sitak 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

* Hans Hach Verdugo / Luke Saville (semifinals)
* Evan King / Fabien Reboul (quarterfinals)
* Jonathan Eysseric / Artem Sitak (final)
* Julian Cash / Henry Patten (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | H Hach Verdugo L Saville | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Aurel Ciocanu Sid Donarski | 1 | 6$^3$ | | 1 | H Hach Verdugo L Saville | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Demoliner P Tsitsipas | 6$^5$ | 7 | [8] | | K Stevenson E Winter | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Stevenson E Winter | 7$^7$ | 5 | [10] | | | | | | 1 | H Hach Verdugo L Saville | 6 | 6$^6$ | [8] | | | | |
| 3 | J Eysseric A Sitak | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | J Eysseric A Sitak | 4 | 7$^8$ | [10] | | | | |
| | Alafia Ayeni Roy Smith | 4 | 4 | | 3 | J Eysseric A Sitak | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | JC Aguilar L Draxl | 6$^4$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | JC Aguilar L Draxl | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Colin Markes O O'Hoisin | 7$^7$ | 6$^3$ | [8] | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | J Eysseric A Sitak | 3 | 2 |
| | A Dougaz H Habib | 6$^4$ | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | J Cash H Patten | 6 | 6 |
| | Ezekiel Clark Kyle Seelig | 7$^7$ | 7 | | | E Clark K Seelig | 3 | 7$^7$ | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Stefan Simeunovic Marko Stakusic | 1 | 3 | | 4 | J Cash H Patten | 6 | 6$^5$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Cash H Patten | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | J Cash H Patten | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | |
| | N Chappell A McHugh | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | R Gonzales R Stalder | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | | |
| | R Gonzales R Stalder | 6 | 6 | | | R Gonzales R Stalder | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Boulais C Chidekh | 6 | 4 | [3] | 2 | E King F Reboul | 4 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | E King F Reboul | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# RFA Teakol (A167)

RFA Teakol (A167) was an Ol-class coastal tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. She was built by the Lobnitz & Co Ltd shipbuilding company and launched on 14 November 1946. She served until being decommissioned in February 1965 and was scrapped at Antwerp from September 1969 onwards.
# Sara Harris

Sara E Harris (born 1969) is a Canadian scientist, and professor in the department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, and the associate dean academic in the Faculty of Science at the University of British Columbia. In 2015, she was named a 3M National Teaching Fellow for her MOOC on climate change.

## Education

Sara Harris obtained her PhD in geological oceanography from the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University in 1998.

## Career

From 1998 to 2005, she served as the chief scientist at the Sea Education Association in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. In this role, she would take students out to sea for six weeks to teach methodologies for collecting oceanographic data as well as navigation and sailing. She was a senior instructor at the University of British Columbia prior to becoming professor of teaching there. In that role, she studies evidence-based science education and how people learn climate science. In 2013, she co-taught a massive open online course called Climate Literacy: Navigating Climate Change Conversations, and later taught Climate Change: The Science on the edX platform.

### Teaching

Harris has taught a number of courses at the University of British Columbia, including Introduction to Environmental Science, Research Project in Environmental Science, The Fluid Earth: Atmosphere and Ocean, and Global Climate Change.
# Raber's Almanac

Raber's New American Almanac is an almanac used by many Old Order Amish, published by an Amish bookstore in Baltic, Ohio. The German edition has been published since 1930, and the English edition since the 1970s; both have a plain black and white cover. It includes a register of all the Amish ministers in America, listed by state, community, and church district, a calendar of Bible verses and hymns which will be used in worship services, and traditional weather and planting forecasts.

## Sources

* "For the Amish, almanacs help keep the year in order." Robert Rhodes, Mennonite Weekly Review.
* "Almanacs long a part of American Anabaptist culture." Robert Rhodes Mennonite Weekly Review
* This article about a reference book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Raber

Raber may refer to:

## People

* Karen Raber, American academic specialising in the study of Shakespeare
* Sari Raber (born 1986), retired Canadian soccer player

## Places

* Raber, Indiana
* Raber Township, Michigan
** Raber, Michigan, an unincorporated community
* Raber Township, Hughes County, South Dakota
# RHE

RHE may refer to:
* Reversible hydrogen electrode
* Rachel Held Evans
# RHEM 2: The Cave

RHEM 2 is an adventure game from Knut Müller and Got Game Entertainment and the sequel to RHEM. It is distributed as a Macromedia Director file.
Like Myst and Riven, Rhem 2 is a node-based first-person adventure game. The player explores a series of caverns in search of a certain artifact. The puzzles involve spatial reasoning, operating machinery, and logic.
There is little plot or character interaction in Rhem 2; the emphasis lies solely on its puzzles. Many puzzles require the player to determine his location with respect to adjacent areas or objects in order to solve it. For instance, in order to solve a puzzle it may be necessary to trace a cable through a wall between two rooms, but the path from one room to the other is circuitous.

## Plot

The game opens with the player's arrival in a series of caves underneath the city of Rhem. A video greeting from another explorer, Kales, explains that the player must find an artifact hidden somewhere within the caverns, take a photograph of it, and bring the photo to Kales's brother Zetais. The player must find the artifact in order to unlock the train and leave Rhem.

## Release

RHEM 2: The Cave was rereleased on October 2, 2018, under a title Rhem II SE: The Cave.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Adventure Gamers | |
| GameZone | 7.5/10 |
RHEM 2 received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Anise Hollingshead of GameZone praised the quantity and quality of the game's puzzles but criticized the graphics and voice acting.
# Sarah Knapp

Sarah Knapp is an American actress, writer, and lyricist, probably best known for writing the lyrics for The Immigrant. As an actress, she appeared in the off-Broadway shows Opal and The No-Frills Revue. Knapp also appeared on Broadway in The Scarlet Pimpernel.
# Raycom All-Star Classic

The Raycom All-Star Classic was a postseason college football all-star game, the only edition of which took place in 2013. The game was played in Montgomery, Alabama, at the Cramton Bowl and was telecast by CBS Sports Network.

## History

Montgomery's Cramton Bowl stadium had hosted the Blue–Gray Football Classic from 1939 to 2001, and the stadium was renovated in 2011. With Raycom Media as a sponsor, the All-Star Classic provided seniors not playing in the Senior Bowl with an opportunity to be seen by scouts in advance of the 2013 NFL draft. Ten players in the game were eventually drafted.
In August 2013, city officials announced that a new traditional bowl game would be played in Montgomery, starting in 2014, between teams from the Sun Belt Conference and Mid-American Conference. As that game, the Camellia Bowl, would be sponsored by Raycom Media and played at the Cramton Bowl, the All-Star Classic was discontinued.

## Game results

| Date Played | Winning Team | Winning Team | Losing Team | Losing Team | Ref. |
| January 19, 2013 | Stripes | 31 | Stars | 3 | |

### Head coaches

2013 – Jim Bates (Stars) and Dan Reeves (Stripes)

### 2013: Stripes 31, Stars 3

Scoring summary :
| Quarter | Time | Drive | Drive | Drive | Team | Scoring information | Score | Score |
| Quarter | Time | Plays | Yards | TOP | Team | Scoring information | Stars | Stripes |
| 1 | 3:03 | 14 | 81 | 9:-- | Stripes | 21-yard field goal by Drew Alleman | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | 8:33 | | | | Stripes | Michael Hill 2-yard touchdown run, Drew Alleman kick good | 0 | 10 |
| 2 | 0:10 | | | | Stars | 30-yard field goal by Casey Barth | 3 | 10 |
| 3 | | | | | Stripes | Perry Jones 9-yard touchdown run, Jeremy Shelley kick good | 3 | 17 |
| 3 | | | | | Stripes | Tyron Laughinghouse 13-yard touchdown reception from Robert Marve, Jeremy Shelley kick good | 3 | 24 |
| 4 | 7:59 | | | | Stripes | Michael Hill 6-yard touchdown run, Jeremy Shelley kick good | 3 | 31 |
| "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | 3 | 31 |

## MVPs

* 2013 – Michael Hill (RB, Missouri Western) and Charles James (DB, Charleston Southern)
# Sant'Elena

Sant'Elena may refer to:
* Sant'Elena (island), an island of Venice, Italy
* Sant'Elena, Rome, a church in Rome, Italy
* Sant'Elena, Venice, a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church in Venice, Italy.
* Sant'Elena, Veneto, a comune in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, Italy
* Sant'Elena Sannita, a comune in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, Italy
# 2008–09 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup

The 43rd World Cup season began in late October 2008 in Sölden, Austria, and concluded in mid-March 2009, at the World Cup finals in Åre, Sweden.
Aksel Lund Svindal of Norway won the overall title by two points over Benjamin Raich of Austria. Svindal returned from a season-ending injury in December 2007, and also took the season title in super-G. Lindsey Vonn of the U.S. repeated as women's overall champion, taking the title by a substantial 384 points over Maria Riesch of Germany. Vonn also repeated as the season downhill champion, and added the season title in super-G.
Being an odd-numbered year, a break in the World Cup schedule was for the biennial World Championships. The 2009 World Championships were held 2–15 February in Val-d'Isère, Savoie, France.
No pre-Olympic World Cup alpine events were run at Whistler Mountain, Canada, during the 2009 season. In late February 2008, a women's downhill and super-combined were run on Franz's Run, the women's Olympic course. The most recent men's World Cup events on the Dave Murray Downhill course were held in late February 1995. The World Cup races in North America were switched to the early part of the season in the fall of 1995, and the men's speed events at Whistler were canceled three consecutive years (December 1996–98) due to weather issues, which prompted the switch to Lake Louise in Alberta in December 1999.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Super combined from Beaver Creek was rescheduled to Val-d'Isère on 12 December 2008
* ↑ Slalom from Val-d'Isère was rescheduled to Alta Badia on 22 December 2008
* ↑ Downhill from Garmisch-Partenkirchen was rescheduled to Kvitfjell on 6 March 2009
* ↑ Super giant slalom from Cortina d'Ampezzo was rescheduled from 22 to 26 February 2009
* ↑ Super giant slalom from Garmisch-Partenkirchen was rescheduled from 31 January 2009 to 1 February 2009
* ↑ Downhill from St. Moritz was rescheduled to Bansko to 27 February 2009
# Radical constructivism

Radical constructivism is an approach to epistemology that situates knowledge in terms of knowers' experience. It looks to break with the conception of knowledge as a correspondence between a knower's understanding of their experience and the world beyond that experience. Adopting a skeptical position towards correspondence as in principle impossible to verify because one cannot access the world beyond one's experience in order to test the relation, radical constructivists look to redefine epistemology in terms of the viability of knowledge within knowers' experience. This break from the traditional framing of epistemology differentiates it from "trivial" forms of constructivism that emphasise the role of the knower in constructing knowledge while maintaining the traditional perspective of knowledge in terms of correspondence. Radical constructivism has been described as a "post-epistemological" position.
Radical constructivism was initially formulated by Ernst von Glasersfeld, who drew on the work of Jean Piaget, Giambattista Vico, and George Berkeley amongst others. Radical constructivism is closely related to second-order cybernetics, and especially the work of Heinz von Foerster, Humberto Maturana, and Francisco Varela. During the 1980s, Siegfried J. Schmidt played a leading role in establishing radical constructivism as a paradigm within the German speaking academic world.
Radical constructivism has been influential in educational research and the philosophy of science.
Constructivist Foundations is a free online journal publishing peer-reviewed articles on radical constructivism by researchers from multiple domains.