OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Playing Cards Act

The Playing Cards Act is a law in Thailand that prohibits individuals from owning more than 120 playing cards that have not been registered by the Excise Department. The current law was passed in 1943, superseding previous acts. The Playing Cards Acts are part of Thailand's strict anti-gambling laws dating back to 1935. To ensure legal possession of playing cards, under Section 12 of the law, a competent official has the power to enter anywhere between sunrise and sunset to conduct a search.

## Playing Cards Factory

Despite strict laws governing playing cards, Thailand has a long history of card playing. To meet the demand for cards and to control their availability, under the aegis of the Excise Department of the Thai Finance Ministry, a state enterprise called the Playing Cards Factory was authorised in 1938. The factory produces over 400,000 decks of cards per month. A factory-produced brochure shows the card brands manufactured by the factory. The Playing Cards Factory also serves as a printer for the Thai government.
# John Kinloch (police officer)

John Kinloch, of Kirriemuir, was the first Chief Inspector of Constabulary for Scotland.
# Pyrenula luteopruinosa

Pyrenula luteopruinosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. It has a neotropical distribution, occurring in Panama, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii.

## Taxonomy

Formally described as a new species in 2003 by lichenologists Javiar Etayo and André Aptroot, the species epithet luteopruinosa refers to the characteristic yellow pruina on its perithecia. The type specimen was collected near a frog trail (genus Dendrobates) in Bahía Honda, Veraguas; in this habitat in lowland rainforest on the Pacific coast of Panama, the lichen was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree.

## Description

The lichen has a small, brown to dark brown, smooth thallus lacking a cortex and a prothallus. Its apothecia are in the form of perithecia, partially immersed in the substrata, measuring 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter. The perithecia are covered by a characteristic lemon-yellow pruina – dust-like particles of crystalline pigment. The ascospores are ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrical with conical ends, have 3 septa, and typically measure 14–19 by 8–10 μm.
Pyrenula pileata, found in upland and alpine areas of the Philippines and New Guinea, is similar in appearance to P. luteopruinosa, but it lacks the yellow pruina, has larger ascomata (1.3–2.2 mm), and larger ascospores (16–24 x 8–13 μm).
# Sally Haydon

Sally Haydon (February 10, 1959 – April 13, 2014) was an American professor of equine science and a trainer of American Saddlebred horses and riders. She was Chair of the Equine Studies department at Midway College in Midway, Kentucky, president and founder of the Intercollegiate Saddle Seat Riding Association (ISSRA), and the Owner/Director of Educational Programs at the Bluegrass Riding Academy. Haydon worked several years teaching saddle seat equitation with renowned trainer and author Helen Crabtree, and she was also a former board member of The Cleveland Home (at Cleveland House).
# RSS tracking

RSS tracking is a methodology for tracking RSS feeds.

## History

RSS feeds have been around since 1999 as a form of internet marketing, however unlike other forms of publishing information on the internet, it is difficult to track the usage of RSS feeds. Feed tracking methods have been growing in popularity

## Technology

There are currently many methods of tracking RSS feeds, all with their own problems in terms of accuracy.

### Method 1

Transparent 1×1 pixel images - These images can be embedded within the content of the RSS feed by linking to the image which should be held on the web server. The number of requests made can be measured by using the web server log files. This will give a rough estimate as to how many times the RSS feed has been viewed.
The problem with this method is that not all RSS feed aggregators will display images and parse HTML.

### Method 2

Third-party services - There are services available on the Internet that will syndicate your RSS feed and then track all requests made to their syndication of your RSS feed. These services come in both free and paid forms.
The problem with this method is that all analytical data about the feeds are controlled by the service provider and so not easily accessible or transferable.

### Method 3

Unique URL per feed - This method requires heavy web server programming to auto generate a different RSS feed URL for each visitor to the website. The visitor's RSS feed activity can then be tracked accurately using standard web analytics applications.
The problem with this method is that if the feed is syndicated by a search engine for instance then this will defeat the purpose of the unique URLs as many people could potentially view the RSS feed via a single URL.

### Method 4

Estimating number of subscribers from the log files. Some aggregators (for example, Bloglines and Google Reader) include a number of unique users on whose behalf the feed is being downloaded in the HTTP request. Other readers -- such as web browsers -- can be counted by noting the number of unique IP addresses that retrieve the file in a given period.
This provides an estimate of actual readership, although it is probably higher than the real number because people may sign up for accounts with multiple aggregators and never delete their subscriptions and because they may read the same feeds at different computers, or the same computer may have a different IP address at different times.
# Vassal (disambiguation)

A vassal is a person regarded as having personal obligations to a landowner or monarch, in exchange for particular rights.
Vassal may also refer to:
* Vassal state, a state that is subordinate to another state
* Vassal Engine, a free software engine used for adapting boardgames to online play
* Vassal Gadoengin (c.1943 – 2004), Nauruan politician
# Richardson River (Canada)

The Richardson River is a waterway that flows into Richardson Bay, Coronation Gulf in the northern Canadian territory of Nunavut. Its mouth is situated northwest of Kugluktuk, Nunavut. The Rae River is 1.3 km (0.81 mi) away.
The Richardson River is named in honour of Sir John Richardson, a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer of the region.
# Radar Lake

Radar Lake is located in Woodinville, Washington and is one of the first man-made lakes built specifically for water sports. The land it is built on was initially bought and developed by water sports innovator Herb O'Brien in 1972. O'Brien, drawing from his water sports experiences as a young man, envisioned Radar Lake to be an isolated and private area where enthusiasts could come and enjoy not only the thrill of the sport but also the pristine natural environment. In 1976, the property was bought by Seattle based owner of Radar Electric, now Radar Inc. Wilbur McPherson who gave it its current name in honor of his company. McPherson and O'Brien maintained a close relationship, and O'Brien bought Radar Lake back from McPherson in 2000. McPherson continued to live on the property, along with O'Brien and their respective families, until he lost his life to cancer in 2007.
Herb O'Brien died in 2012.
# Sethia

Sethia is a census town in Chhindwara district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Sethia had a population of 4,559. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sethia has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 50%. In Sethia, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Transport

The nearest airport is Jabalpur.
# Phelotrupes auratus

Phelotrupes auratus is a species of beetle known by the common names Japanese earth-boring dung beetle and golden dung beetle.

## Description

These beetles have a body length of 15–21 mm. The body is oblong-oval shaped. The clypeus is extended forward. The longitudinal groove on the pronotum is well developed. In the male, the fore tibiae have several spines, slightly differing from each other in length. Elytra display strongly developed grooves. The color of the beetles is bright, with a strong metallic sheen ranging from golden-green to violet-purple. Antennae have 11 segments with the terminal 3 segments being flabellate.

## Range

Phelotrupes auratus can be found in eastern China, North and South Korea and throughout Japan.

## Larva

The larva is similar in structure to the larvae of other members of the family Geotrupidae. Body is thick, and white or yellowish in color. The head capsule is strongly sclerotized, colored brown or dark brown. Antennae are three-segmented. The frontal suture is absent.

## Taxonomy

Phelotrupes auratus contains the following subspecies:
* Chromogeotrupes auratus ruri
* Phelotrupes auratus yaku
* Chromogeotrupes auratus yaku
* Chromogeotrupes auratus viridiaurea
* Phelotrupes auratus auratus
# Programme for Rebuilding and Improving Existing Schools

Programme for Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools (PRIME) is a programme initiated by the Ministry of Education in 1999 to upgrade and rebuild school buildings in Singapore.

## Flexible School Infrastructure (FlexSI)

Under this framework, school infrastructure is made more flexible to support teaching approaches that better engage students, thus giving schools more room to innovate in teaching and learning.
For example, the schools could have modular classrooms that can be opened up for larger group lectures, or partitioned for smaller group discussions; special-purpose rooms could be designed such that multiple usage of such rooms can be made possible; common areas such as corridors and study areas could be designed such that they can be expanded learning spaces.

## Implementation
### Phasing

Launched in May 1999, PRIME was estimated to cost S$4.5 billion and is implemented in phases. As of September 2007, 243 schools have been included in the earlier nine phases of PRIME. Of these, 207 schools have completed their upgrading.

### On-site rebuilding and upgrading

Where feasible, a school will remain on-site while construction work is carried out for either upgrading or rebuilding. All construction works must be carried out outside school hours, such as between 7:00pm and 7:00am. It also has to consider noise levels between 10:30pm and 7:00am, since most of the schools are located in or around residential areas.
Otherwise it will move to a temporary holding site, known as filler school, while upgrading or rebuilding is carried out at its present site.

### Relocation

Where a vacant site is available, the new school will be built on this site. The school will relocate to the new site once the school building is ready.

### Mergers

To optimise the use of resources, schools may merge and be relocated. Such merger of schools may sometimes allow for a greater exchange of expertise and policies to provide a higher quality of education, as was the case of the merger of Ang Mo Kio North Primary School, Li Hua Primary School and Hong Dao Primary School. The three schools merged in January 2000 to be known as Anderson Primary School and was successfully validated through an External Validation, just one year after the merger, under the School Excellence Model.
# Provincial road N325 (Netherlands)

Provincial road N325 is a Dutch provincial road. The road runs from Arnhem, through Nijmegen, to the nearby German border. The N325 was previously named Rijksweg 52, which was constructed during World War II. When responsibility for the road was transferred from the Dutch state to the province of Gelderland in 1993 it was renamed A325/N325.

## Intersection Velperbroek - Nijmeegseplein

The section of the road between Intersection Velperbroek (A12) and the Nijmeegseplein is also known as the 'Pleyroute'. The Pleyroute bypasses Arnhem's city center. Notably, this route travels over the Andrej Sacharov bridge (opened in 1987) across the Nederrijn river, connecting the northern and southern parts of Arnhem. On the Andrej Sacharov bridge traffic runs in two lanes in both directions, and unusually the road here has no hard shoulder. North of the Nederrijn, a bicycle path travels alongside the N325. The speed limit on the Pleyroute is 80 km/h due to environmental and noise concerns. The Pleyroute has redirected traffic flow from the two previously existing bridges in Arnhem, the John Frostbrug and the Nelson Mandelabrug, easing congestion in the city.

## Nijmeegseplein - Intersection Ressen

Between the Nijmeegseplein and Intersection Ressen is the A325 motorway, which has a 100 km/h speed limit between 0600h-1900h. At other times the speed limit is increased to 120 km/h.

## Intersection Ressen - Keizer Traianusplein

Between intersection Ressen and the Keizer Traianusplein the road is again called N325. This part of the road is owned by the local authorities of Nijmegen. Since this section of the N325 runs within the city of Nijmegen, the speed limit is restricted to 50 km/h.

## Keizer Traianusplein - German Border

After the Keizer Traianusplein the road continues to the Dutch-German border, with a constant speed limit of 80 km/h. On the German side of the border the road continues onwards as Bundersstraße 9.
# Provincial road N367 (Netherlands)

The N367 is a provincial road in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. It runs from Winschoten in the municipality of Oldambt to Nieuwe Pekela in the municipality of Pekela.

## Route description

The provincial road N367 is 13.3 kilometres (8.3 mi) long. It starts in Winschoten in the municipality of Oldambt. It then runs south via Blijham in the municipality of Westerwolde, goes through Oude Pekela, and ends in Nieuwe Pekela in the municipality of Pekela.

## Junction and exit list

| Province | Municipality | Destinations |
| Groningen | Oldambt | A 7 / E22 – Winschoten |
| Groningen | Bellingwedde | N 368 – Blijham |
| Groningen | Pekela | N 972 – Oude Pekela |
| Groningen | Pekela | N 366 – Nieuwe Pekela |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Prize of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine for Special Achievements of Youth in the Development of Ukraine

The Prize of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine for Special Achievements of Youth in Development of Ukraine is a government award established in 1999 by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine to celebrate significant achievements of youth in various spheres of public life, and to encourage youth to participate in public life.
Initially, it was called the Prize of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine for Significant Achievements of Young People in Various Spheres of Public Life. In 2000 it was renamed the Prize of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine for Special Achievements in Youth in the Development of Ukraine.
The prize is awarded to persons under the age of 35 for achievements in the development of Ukraine during the calendar year preceding its award and may also take into account the achievements of the candidate for the award in previous years.
Every year the list of laureates is approved by the Cabinet of Ministers by its order, each laureate is awarded a diploma, a badge, and a monetary reward is paid. Up to 20 prizes in the amount of ₴50,000 each are awarded annually.

## Notable laureates

* Viktor Bankin
* Olena Bilosiuk
* Anastasia Dmitruk
* Ihor Huz
* Olha Kharlan
* Alina Komashchuk
* Pavlo Korostylov
* Yaryna Matlo
* Anastasiya Merkushyna
* Ruslan Riaboshapka
* Mykhailo Romanchuk
* Olha Saladukha
* Valentyna Semerenko
* Vita Semerenko
* Ruslan Stefanchuk
* Olga Sviderska
* Oleksandr Vorobiov
# Prize of the Christoph and Stephan Kaske Foundation

The Prize of the Christoph and Stephan Kaske Foundation (Preis der Christoph-und-Stephan-Kaske-Stiftung) is an annual award for promotion of new music. It was founded in 1988 by Karlheinz and Christiane Kaske in memory of their sons Christoph and Stephan. The Christoph and Stephan Kaske Foundation [de] has its legal seat in Munich. The aim is to promote young, promising interpreters and composers in the field of new music. The award is endowed with € 10,000. The selection of the winner is made by a board of trustees. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Künstlerhaus am Lenbachplatz [de].

## Recipients

* 1989: Hans Peter Haller
* 1990: Pierre Boulez
* 1991: Steffen Schleiermacher
* 1993: György Ligeti
* 1994: André Richard
* 1995: Robyn Schulkowsky [de]
* 1996: Wolfgang Rihm
* 1997: Mario Davidovsky
* 1998: Hans-Jürgen von Bose
* 1999: Gottfried Michael Koenig
* 2000: Péter Eötvös
* 2001: Kaija Saariaho
* 2002: Christoph Poppen
* 2004: Aleksandra Gryka
* 2004: Mateusz Bien
* 2005: Márton Illés
* 2006: Mark Andre
* 2007: Jörg Widmann
* 2008: Konstantia Gourzi
* 2008: Minas Borboudakis [fr]
* 2009: Enno Poppe
* 2010: Wilhelm Killmayer
* 2011: Adriana Hölszky
* 2013: Josef Anton Riedl
* 2013: Nico Sauer
* 2013: Luis Codera Puzo
* 2014: Isabel Mundry
* 2015: Erkki-Sven Tüür
* 2015: Klarenz Barlow
* 2015: Curtis Roads
* 2016: Georges Aperghis
* 2017: Anna Korsun
* 2018: Mikis Theodorakis
* 2019: Olga Neuwirth
* 2020: Peter Michael Hamel
* 2022: Elena Mendoza [de; es]
* 2023: Vladimir Tarnopolski
# Jacopo da Empoli

Jacopo da Empoli (30 April 1551 – 30 September 1640) was an Italian Florentine Reformist painter.
Born in Florence as Jacopo Chimenti (Empoli being the birthplace of his father), he worked mostly in his native city. He apprenticed under Maso da San Friano. Like his contemporary in Counter-Maniera (Counter-Mannerism), Santi di Tito, he moved into a style often more crisp, less contorted, and less crowded than mannerist predecessors like Vasari. He collaborated with Alessandro Tiarini in some projects. His younger brother, Domenico Chimenti, born in Empoli, was also a painter. Among his pupils were Felice Ficherelli, Giovanni Battista Brazzè (Il Bigio), Giovanni Battista Vanni, and Virgilio Zaballi.
Finally, working in a thematic often shunned by Florentine painters, after the 1620s he completed a series of exceptional still-life paintings.

## Selected works

* Madonna in Glory with Saint Luke and Saint Ives (1579) – Louvre, Paris
* Sacrifice of Isaac (1590s) – Oil on copper, 32 x 25 cm, Uffizi, Florence
* Susanna and the Elders (1600) – Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
* Sant'Eligio (1614) – Uffizi, Florence
* Carlo Borromeo and the Rospigliosi Family (1613) – San Domenico, Pistoia
* Still Life with Games (1620s) – Oil on canvas, 114 x 152 cm, Private collection
* Judgement of Midas (1624) – Pistoia
* Saint Ives, Protector of Widows and Orphans – Palatine Gallery, Florence
* Adoration of Shepherds (attributed) –
* Preaching of John the Baptist – San Niccolò Oltrarno, Florence
* Michelangelo presents his model of San Lorenzo to Leo X (1617–1619) – Casa Buonarroti, Florence
* The Wedding of Caterina de Medici to Henry II
* Drunkedness of Noah – Uffizi Gallery, Florence
* Saint Clair accepts the veil (vows) (1620) – Caen, France
* Final Judgement –
* Pala della Concezione – San Bartolomeo
* "Three Marys At Tomb" – Blanton Art Museum, Austin, Texas
# Petra Zrimšek

Petra Zrimšek (born 19 May 1988) is a road cyclist from Slovenia. She participated at the 2012 UCI Road World Championships.
# Petra Zublasing

Petra Zublasing (born 30 June 1989) is an Italian sport shooter who won the 10 m air rifle event at the 2014 World Championships.

## Career

She first competed internationally in 2003, having begun sports shooting in 2001.
She competed in the Women's 10 metre air rifle and the women's 50 metre three positions events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won her first World Cup event in 2013 in Granada. In 2014, she won her greatest title to date, winning the women's 10 m air rifle event at the 2014 World Championships. To win, she beat the then reigning Olympic champion Yi Siling by 0.3 points with the last shot of the event. Earlier that year, she had set a new world record in the women's 50 m three positions event at the World Cup event in Fort Benning, having set the previous world record at the 2013 World Cup Final in Munich.
At the 2016 Olympics she competed in the same two events, reaching the final in the 50 m. She studied at West Virginia University.
# Protorothyris

Protorothyris is an extinct genus of Early Permian protorothyridid known from Texas and West Virginia of the United States. It was first named by Llewellyn Ivor Price in 1937 and the type species is Protorothyris archeri. P. archeri is known from the holotype MCZ 1532, a three-dimensionally preserved skull and from the referred specimens, which come from four additional individuals, MCZ 2147-2150. All specimens were collected in the Cottonwood Creek site, from the Archer City Formation, Texas, dating to the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian epoch, about 299–294.6 million years ago. A second species, P. morani, was first named by Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1952 with its own generic name, Melanothyris. In 1973, J. Clark and Robert L. Carroll recombined P. morani as a Protorothyris species. It is known from the holotype CM 8617, a three-dimensionally preserved skull. It was collected in the Blacksville site, from the Washington Formation (Asselian stage) of West Virginia. Protorothyris was the size of the average lizard, about 30 cm in length.
# Protorothyrididae

Protorothyrididae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like reptiles belonging to Eureptilia. Their skulls did not have fenestrae, like the more derived diapsids. Protorothyridids lived from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian periods, in what is now North America. Many genera of primitive reptiles were thought to be protorothyridids. Brouffia, Coelostegus, Paleothyris and Hylonomus, for example, were found to be more basal eureptiles in Muller and Reisz (2006), making the family as historically defined paraphyletic, though three genera, Protorothyris, Anthracodromeus, and Cephalerpeton, were recovered as a monophyletic group. Anthracodromeus, Paleothyris, and Protorothyris were recovered as a monophyletic group in Ford and Benson (2020) (who did not sample Cephalerpeton), who recovered them as more derived than captorhinids and Hylonomus, but less so than araeoscelidians. Anthracodromeus is the earliest known reptile to display adaptations to climbing. The majority of phylogenetic studies recover protorothyridids as basal members of Eureptilia; however, Simões et al. (2022) recover them as stem-amniotes instead.