OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Putin: The New Tsar

* This article is part of a series aboutVladimir Putin
Political offices
President of Russia (2000–2008; 2012–present) Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000; 2008–2012)
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2014 annexation of Crimea
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Ozero :
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Putin: The New Tsar is 2018 a documentary produced by OxfordFilms/BBC and directed by Patrick Forbes, airing on BBC2. It discusses Vladimir Putin's rise to power. Interview subjects include politicians and non-politicians, with some being Russian and others being foreigners.

## Contents

Among the participants are Garry Kasparov, a chess prodigy; Mikhail Khodorkovsky, an oligarch; Sergei Pugachev, who was in Putin's power network; Ksenia Sobchak, a member of Russian high society; Ian Robertson, a psychologist from Trinity College Dublin; and Jack Straw, a British politician. Robertson stated that Putin's experience in a high political position "profoundly changed" his brain.
Ed Power of The Daily Telegraph stated that Putin: The New Tsar's "true purpose was to place in historical context Putin's unlikely rise from provincial obscurity in St Petersburg" to being the President of Russia. It was produced prior to the 2018 Russian presidential election. Power stated that it "fleetingly touched upon" allegations of Russian agents attacking enemies of the Russian government outside of Russia.

## Reception

Sam Wollaston of The Guardian gave the film four of five stars and stated that Putin: The New Tsar "could almost be funny if it weren't so scary".
Power gave the film four of five stars. He stated that "an attempt to diagnose Putin as an addict to absolute power" as the film's "biggest error". He concluded the film was "otherwise an exemplary portrayal of" Putin.
The Moscow Times praised the dispassionate tone in the narrator and the "[crisp] and [coherent]" pace. It criticised the "clichéd title", the lack of coverage of Russian political opposition, and overstating the level of support Putin has among Russian citizens. The paper concluded that Putin: The New Tsar is "very much worth tracking down and talking up."
# San Tommaso Apostolo (disambiguation)

San Tommaso Apostolo is a titular church in Rome.
San Tommaso Apostolo may also refer to the following churches in Italy:
* San Tommaso Apostolo, Albignasego, Padua, Veneto
* San Tommaso Apostolo, Alcamo, Trapani, Sicily
* San Tommaso Apostolo, Enna, Sicily
# Péas

Péas is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Qallunaat Island

Qallunaat Island (old spelling: Qavdlunât) is an uninhabited island in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.

## History

Qallunaat Island was briefly inhabited between 1898, when the Sarfaq settlement was founded, and 1919, when it was abandoned. Sarfaq was perched on the low-lying northern end of the island, at the shores of Kangerlussuaq Icefjord.

## Geography

Qallunaat Island is located in Tasiusaq Bay, in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago. It is separated from Tuttorqortooq Island by the Qaqqakassaup Ikerasaa strait in the north, from the mainland of Greenland by the Kangerlussuaq Icefjord in the northeast, and by channels of Tasiusaq Bay from Nuuluk Island in the east, Nutaarmiut Island in the south, and Mattaangassut Island in the west.
The island is hilly in its southern part, falling to the sea with red, silver, and light-colored cliffs. At 340 m (1,120 ft), Inngik is the highest mountain on the island, located in the western part of the island.

### Coastline

The coastline of the island is developed, with many inlets indenting the coastline, particularly in its northern part.

#### Promontories

| Name | Direction | Latitude N | Longitude W |
| (none) | Northern Cape | 73°39′44″ | 56°16′32″ |
| Inussukassat | Eastern Cape | 73°37′29″ | 56°09′50″ |
| Ikerasaassuup Akia | Southern Cape | 73°32′26″ | 56°23′20″ |
| Naajamiut Nuuat | Southwestern Cape | 73°33′09″ | 56°31′40″ |
| Inngiup Nuua | Western Cape | 73°34′46″ | 56°31′10″ |
# Qibi tribe

Qibi tribe (Chinese: 契苾 ~ 契弊; Middle Chinese: *kʲiei-pɪ̯et; Saka: Kāribari) was a Turkic tribe and a part of Tiele confederation, then Toquz Oghuz and later Uyghur Khaganate. Most famous member of the tribe was Qibi Heli.

## Area

According to the epigraphy of Qibi Song (契苾嵩), a Tiele general in the service of the Tang dynasty (730), the origins of the Qibi can be traced to the Khangai Mountains prior to their presence in the Bogda Mountains during the 6th century. They were related to the Jiepi (解批) of Gaoche, who were situated east of the Fufuluo. In early Tang period, they lived in Yingsuo Prefecture (modern Yanqi 焉耆, Xinjiang). The Qibi were dispersed shortly after the defeat of chief Geleng (哥楞). In the east they were put under the rule of a tudun (吐屯) named Ashina Hubo (阿史那斛勃), who became known as the Chebi Khagan. After 632, they were located to Yuxi Prefecture (榆溪).

## Known members

* Qibi Geleng (契苾歌楞) — Khagan of Tiele confederation as Yiwuzhenmohe Qaghan
* Qibi Ge (契苾葛) — Prince of Tiele confederation as Baghatur Tegin (莫賀咄特勤)
** Qibi Heli (契苾何力) — 1st Duke of Liang (涼國公), general in early Tang dynasty and a companion of Taizong of Tang
*** Qibi Ming (契苾明) (649-695) — 2nd Duke of Liang, general of Tang dynasty
**** Qibi Song (契苾嵩, d. 730) — General of Tang army, 3rd Duke of Liangguo
**** Qibi Zong (契苾嵸, d. 746) — General of the Left Leopard Tao Guard of Tang army (左豹韜衛大將軍)
**** Qibi Fan (契苾番, d. 746) — General of Tang army
**** Qibi Chong (契苾崇, d. 746)
*** Qibi Guang (契苾光, d. ~709) — General of the Guards during reign of Wu Zetian
**** Qibi Qin (契苾嶔, d. 728)
***** Qibi Shangbin (契苾尚賓, 705-733, died at Jingzhao)
**** Qibi Yin (契苾崟)
***** Qibi Liangbin (契苾梁濱)
*** Qibi Zhen (契苾貞) — Secretary of the Palace
*** Qibi Mou (契苾某, d. ~709)
**** Qibi Feng (契苾峰)
***** Qibi Jiabin (契苾嘉賓) — Great General of the Guard in Tang army (衛大將軍)
****** Qibi Yi (契苾漪, d. 814) — Governor of Shengzhou (勝州, near modern Yulin, Shanxi) during Yuanhe era
******* Qibi Tong (契苾通, 774-855) — Governor of Danzhou (846-847), Xianning (847), Weizhou (842), Leping (845), Shengzhou (839), Protector General to Pacify the North (852-854) and Jiedushi of Zhenwu Circuit. Fought against Wujie Qaghan
******** Qibi Gongwen (契苾公文)
******** Qibi Gongying (契苾公應)
******** Qibi Gongyu (契苾公瑜)
******** Qibi Gongwu (契苾公武)
******** Qibi Gongyue (契苾公約)
******** Qibi Gongshou (契苾公綬)
******** Qibi Gongmou (契苾公某)
******** Qibi Gongyi (契苾公廙, d. 881)
******** Qibi Gongdu (契苾公度, d. 881)
** Qibi Shamen (契苾沙門) — Chieftain of Qibi tribe under Zhenzhu Khagan
A member of the tribe, Qibi Zhang (契苾璋) was the military governor of Zhenwu Circuit (振武, headquartered in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) from 881 to 882.
# Quebec Open

Quebec Open may refer to any of the following sporting events:
* Quebec Open (darts), a darts tournament
* Quebec Open (golf), a golf tournament that was an event on the Canadian Tour until 1996
* Telus Open, a golf tournament that was an event on the Canadian Tour between 2000 and 2002, which was widely referred to as the "Telus Quebec Open" in its final year
# Sangavadi River

Sangavadi River is a river in western India in Gujarat whose origin is Gir forest. Its drainage basin has a maximum length of 38 km. The total catchment area of the basin is 576 km2.
# Que pasa

Qué pasa may refer to:
* Quepasa, a website
* ¿Qué Pasa, USA?, a bilingual sitcom
* Qué Pasa (newspaper), Spanish-language newspaper from North Carolina
* Que Pasa Radio, Spanish-language radio station from North Carolina
* Qué Pasa (magazine), a Chilean right-wing political magazine
# Qaleybuğurd

Qaleybuğurd (also, Qalaybuğurt, Kalaybugurt, Kaleybugurt, and Keleybugurt) is a village and municipality in the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 807.
# Quentin Berriman

Nigel Quentin Berriman (born 1964) is a Welsh former épée fencer.
He won the British épée national title on six occasions at the British Fencing Championships in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002. He was captain of both the Welsh and British teams.
# R. I. T. Alles

Ralph Ignatius Thomas Alles (3 October 1932 − 28 November 2013) was a Sri Lankan educationalist. He served as the State Secretary for Ministry of Education from 1989 to 1993, was the founding principal of D. S. Senanayake College Colombo 07, and was the founder of the Gateway Group and acted as its chairman until his death.
Alles was educated at St. Aloysius' College, Galle and later at St. Anthony's College.
He started his career as a teacher, eventually becoming an assistant principal at Royal College Colombo in Colombo, a leading public school in Sri Lanka, and helped to establish D. S. Senanayake College, Colombo. In 25 years at the school, he was a Director of Studies at Zahira College, Colombo in Sri Lanka. There after he established the Gateway International School.
# Qurumba

Qurumba (also, Quruba) is a village and municipality in the Lankaran Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 837.
# Questar

Questar may refer to:
* Questar Corporation, telescope manufacturer
* Questar Corporation (gas company), natural gas-focused energy company
* Questar, cartoon character leader of the Valorians in Dino-riders
* Questar Science Fiction, publisher of science fiction
* Bull Questar, Honeywell-Bull brand of mainframe terminals
# Qurchi

Qurchi, also Kypim, is a major town in Bilchiragh District in the Faryab Province, in northern Afghanistan. It lies west of Negala. The town has a significant Uzbek population.

## History

The town was occupied by Maimana officers in 1888.
Norwegian soldiers were attacked in Qurchi in July 2010.
# Quinhydrone electrode

The quinhydrone electrode may be used to measure the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of a solution containing an acidic substance.

## Principles and operation

Quinones form a quinhydrone cocrystal by formation of hydrogen bonding between ρ-quinone and ρ-hydroquinone. An equimolar mixture of ρ-quinones and ρ-hydroquinone in contact with an inert metallic electrode, such as antimony, forms what is known as a quinhydrone electrode. Such devices can be used to measure the pH of solutions. Quinhydrone electrodes provide fast response times and high accuracy. However, it can only measure pH in the range of 1 to 9 and the solution must not contain a strong oxidizing or reducing agent.
A platinum wire electrode is immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of quinhydrone, in which there is the following equilibrium
    C $_6$H $_6$O $_2$ ⇌ C $_6$H $_4$O $_2$ + 2H$^+$ +2e$^−$.
The potential difference between the platinum electrode and a reference electrode is dependent on the activity, $a_{H^{+}}$, of hydrogen ions in the solution.
    $E=E^{0}+{\frac {RT}{2F}}\ln a_{H^{+}}$ (Nernst equation)

## Limitations

The quinhydrone electrode provides an alternative to the most commonly used glass electrode. however, it is not reliable above pH 8 (at 298 K) and cannot be used with solutions that contain a strong oxidizing or reducing agent.
# Sanuk

Sanuk or Sanook may refer to:
* Sanuk (Thai culture), or sanook, the Thai word for 'fun' and a Thai cultural concept
* Sanuk (brand), a footwear brand owned by Lolë
* Sanuk, Iran, a village in Iran
* Sanook.com, a Thai website
# Quethiock

Quethiock (Cornish: Koosek, meaning "forested place") is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, roughly five miles east of Liskeard. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 429, increasing to 443 at the 2011 census. The ancient parish church of St Hugh is one of the most notable in Cornwall. The placename derives from the Old Cornish cuidoc meaning wooded place. In 1871 the population was 661 and the area 4,351 acres (17.61 km$^2$).
Formerly part of the Pentillie Estate and owned by Squire Coryton most of the properties passed into owner occupation after a forced sale to meet Estate Duty in the early 1920s. The village has not had a public house since the closure of the Mason's Arms in the 1920s. There was a post office at Ivydene until the 1960s not long before the closure of the village General Supply Stores which not only sold everything from groceries to petrol and organs but also delivered weekly groceries to farms, mills and cottages throughout a radius of 15 miles (24 km). There was a village shop which closed in the 1980s. The distinctive building that was the Methodist chapel has retained its distinctive exterior but inside has been converted into a private dwelling.
Quethiock's economy is centred principally around nearby Liskeard and Plymouth. The vast majority of the village's population is either retired or in full-time work. There is a local Church of England primary school.
Besides the church and school, three other public services are available in Quethiock: the post box, the phone box and the bus shelter. Internal village matters are communicated by means of the parish noticeboard, located at the centre of the village.

## Parish Church of St Hugh (Church of England)

The original church was cruciform in plan but a tower was added (probably in the 13th century) and then the aisle. There are old wagon roofs and a funeral recess (14th century). The stained glass and some other ornamental work is the handiwork of the late 19th century vicar, William Willimott, and there are three brasses (1471 to Roger Kyngdon, and 1631 to Richard Chiverton, d. 1617, and his wife). The church was restored in the 1880s after becoming virtually ruinous in the 1870s. Willimott's predecessor as vicar was the Rev Dr John Rooke Fletcher (d. 1878) who was vicar for 61 years. There were Methodist chapels and almshouses (Directory for 1873).
There is a Cornish cross in the churchyard. An account of its discovery was published in the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall; vol. 7, 1882. Arthur Langdon said of it: "Undoubtedly this is a magnificent monument, and in regard to height is, with the exception of the cross in Mylor churchyard, since discovered, the tallest in Cornwall".
The vicar of Quethiock is the Revd Margot Davies.
# Quảng Hợp

Quảng Hợp may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:
* Quảng Hợp, Quảng Bình, a rural commune of Quảng Trạch District.
* Quảng Hợp, Thanh Hóa [vi], a rural commune of Quảng Xương District.
# Quảng Kim

Quang Kim is a commune (xã) and village in Quảng Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam.
# Quảng Khê, Đắk Nông

Quảng Khê is a rural commune (xã) of Đắk Glong District, Đắk Nông Province, Vietnam.
# RLD

RLD may refer to:
* Red-light district
* Relocking device
* Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1946–2009), a Franco-Swiss businessman
* Rashtriya Lok Dal, an Indian political party
* Rossiyskoye Libertarianskoye Dvizhenie (The Russian Libertarian Movement)
* the IATA code of Richland Airport (Washington)
* RELOADED, a warez group
* Right Leg Driving technique, often used in biological signal amplifiers to reduce common-mode interference
# Santa Rita, Jalisco

Santa Rita is a town in the southwest of the Ayotlán Municipality, Jalisco. It has 2,608 inhabitants during the 2020 Mexico census, it is located at 11.4 km from Ayotlán, 36 km from Atotonilco El Alto and 21 km from Yurécuaro, Michoacán.
This place is better known due to the water park located at the entrance of the town, towards Yurécuaro.
# R. Lanier Anderson

R. Lanier Anderson may refer to:
* R. Lanier Anderson III (born 1936), Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
* R. Lanier Anderson (philosopher), American philosopher
# R. Lalthangliana

R. Lalthangliana is a Mizo politician and academic in Mizoram, India. He is former Cabinet Minister in the Mizo National Front ministry and held the portfolios of Health, Higher & Technical Education and Commerce & Industries. He had been elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly from the South Tuipui constituency. He lost to Jeje Lalpekhlua in the 2023 MLA Election.

## Career

Dr. R Lalthangliana started his career teaching in Pachhunga University College and was Assistant professor before he was elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly. He has been elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly in 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008.

## Education

He has completed his high school in Serkawn Christian School and completed his BA in St. Edmunds College in 1978 after which he completed his M.A. in NEHU in 1980 in Shillong after which he completed his Ph.D. from North-Eastern Hill University in Sociology.
# Upper Boat Studios

Upper Boat Studios was a television studio complex leased to the BBC in mid-2006, and formerly operated by BBC Wales.
It is located in Upper Boat, a village on the outskirts of Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taf, near Cardiff in Wales. The studios, previously a seat belt manufacturing factory for the automotive industry, were officially opened on 27 July 2006; 18 years ago (2006-07-27), by Welsh Enterprise Minister Andrew Davies, for the purpose of producing Doctor Who, along with its related spin-off programmes.

## Facilities

At ten times larger than BBC Wales existing site at Llandaff, the Doctor Who residency at Upper Boat Studios included the use of its six sound stages. Other facilities at Upper Boat included a large props store, workshops, and video editing suites.

## History

By 2011, Doctor Who was the only programme still based at Upper Boat, following the move of several BBC Wales productions to the new permanent home at the new Roath Lock studios. Doctor Who itself relocated to Roath Lock throughout 2012, with the last filming day at Upper Boat on 11 May 2012.
Despite the studio closure, production on Sherlock series 3 continued at the studios until September 2013.

## Productions
### Productions based at Upper Boat Studios

| Title | Genre | No. of episodes | Produced from | Notes |
| Doctor Who | Science fiction drama | 66 | 2006–2012 | moved from Unit Q2 in Newport, Wales moved to Roath Lock in 2012, midway through production of Series 7 |
| Doctor Who Confidential | 'Making-of' documentary | 60 | 2006–2011 | moved from Unit Q2 in Newport |
| The Sarah Jane Adventures | Science fiction children's drama | 53 | 2006–2010 | entire series produced at Upper Boat Studios |
| Torchwood | Science fiction drama | 31 | 2006–2008 | moved to Los Angeles |
| Torchwood Declassified | 'Making-of' documentary | 27 | 2006–2008 | moved to Los Angeles |
| Totally Doctor Who | Children's magazine programme | 12 | 2007 | moved from BBC Wales |
| Sherlock | Crime drama | 9 + pilot | 2009–2013 | series 1, series 2, and series 3 produced by Hartswood Films West |
| Sarah Jane's Alien Files | Children's compilation programme | 6 | 2010 | entire series produced at Upper Boat Studios |

### Productions partially filmed at Upper Boat Studios

| Title | Genre | No. of episodes | Produced from | Notes |
| Upstairs Downstairs | Costume drama | 3 | 2010 | kitchen and servant's hall sets moved to Roath Lock |
# Phalonidia basiochreana

Phalonidia basiochreana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in California, United States.
# Passamezzo moderno

The passamezzo moderno ("modern half step"; also quadran, quadrant, or quadro pavan), or Gregory Walker was "one of the most popular harmonic formulae in the Renaissance period, divid[ing] into two complementary strains thus:"
| 1) | I | IV | I | V |
| 2) | I | IV | I–V | I |
For example, in C major the progression is as follows:
    CFCGCFC–GC
The progression or ground bass, the major mode variation of the passamezzo antico, originated in Italian and French dance music during the first half of the 16th century, where it was often used with a contrasting progression or section known as ripresa. Though one of Thomas Morley's characters in Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke denigrates the Gregory Walker, comparing unskilled singing to its sound, it was popular in both pop/popular/folk and classical musics through 1700. Its popularity was revived in the mid 19th century, and the American variant (below) evolved into the twelve bar blues.

## Examples

Listed in van der Merwe (1989, 198–201):
* several in The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book
* "Up and Ware Them A Willie"
* "Jimmie Rose"
* "Darling Nelly Gray"
* "Wreck of the Old 97"
* Woody Guthrie's "There is a House in This Old Town"
* Irving Berlin's "Alexander's Ragtime Band"
* The Rolling Stones' "Honky Tonk Women" (1969)
* Carole King's "You've Got a Friend" (1971)
Listed in Helms, Ilmbrecht, and Dieckelmann (1954,):
* Hans Neusidler's Gassenhauer (Nuremberg, 1536)
* "Oxstedter Mühle" (folk dance from Lower Saxony) (B section)
* Diego Ortiz' Recercada Prima / Segunda / Tercera sobre el Passamezzo Moderno (three-part didactic composition in Tratado de Glosas sobre cláusulas y Otros Generos de Puntos en la Música de Violones, 1553). (Readers of Spanish may benefit from the Spanish-language Wikipedia's more extensive treatment of Diego Ortiz and of the Tratado de Glosas.)
Others:
* Iron & Wine's "A History of Lovers" (verses; chorus and interludes follow ripresi IV–I–IV–V progression)
* Ed Rush and George Cromarty’s "Plastic Jesus"

## American Gregory Walker

The American Gregory Walker, popular in parlour music, is a variation in which the subdominant (IV) chords become the progression IV–I.
    1)IIV–IIV 2)IIV–II–VI
For example, in C major this variation is as follows:
    CF–CCGCF–CC–GC

### Examples

Listed in van der Merwe (1989, 201–202):
* "Jesse James"
* "The Titanic"
* "My Little Old Sod Shanty"
* "Cottonfields"
* Gus Cannon's "Walk Right In" (1929)

## Other variations
### On original progression

* Second strain's first I becomes I–I$^7$ (for a stronger "lead-in" to the upcoming IV):
   * "Gathering Flowers From the Hillside": The Bluegrass variation frequently occurs in conjunction with the I–I$^7$ "lead-in" and/or the direct IV-to-V transition listed above. The resulting progression is ||| I | I | I | V || I(–I$^7$) | IV | (I–)V | I ||| ; examples include:
      * "Free Little Bird" (David Holt and Doc and Merle Watson; not to be confused with Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Free Bird").

### On American variant

* IV–I is reversed, becoming I–IV or I$^7$–IV:
   * "Tennessee Waltz" (Stewart and King 1947) (verse and second strain of chorus)
# Podkovák Nature Reserve

Podkovák is a nature reserve within the Český les Protected Landscape Area in the western part of the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It protects a small raised bog forest in a small depression with Pinus uncinata ssp. rotundata. Wood grouses appear in the reserve. The area is 5.63 ha (13.9 acres).

## Sources

* Rohlík, Jiří (2004). Český les - sever. Soubor turistických map 1:50 000 (3rd ed.). Mělník: Klub českých turistů. ISBN 80-7324-042-4.
* "Český les PLA". Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
# Isara badia

Isara badia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.
# Rodrigo R. Pimentel

Rodrigo Pimentel (born on March 2, 1971, in Rio de Janeiro) is a former member of BOPE, the elite group of the Brazilian Military Police. Pimentel co-wrote the film Elite Squad, based on a book he co-wrote with sociologist Luiz Eduardo Soares and former BOPE captain André Batista. He is also noted to have participated in the Brazilian documentary by João Moreira Salles, News From a Personal War (Noticias de uma Guerra Particular).