OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Easley

Ralph Montgomery Easley (February 25, 1856 – September 8, 1939) was an American journalist and political organizer. He was Director of the American political reform group, the National Civic Federation.

## Background

Easley was born on February 25, 1856, in Browning, Illinois, the child of Charles J. Easley and Elisabeth Berry. He went to school n Quincy, Illinois.

## Career

In 1875, Easley moved to Hutchinson, Kansas, where he was a public school teacher, postmaster, and newspaper reporter. He founded, published, and edited the Hutchinson Daily News. In 1882, he also become postmaster of Hutchinson.
In 1887, he moved to Chicago and became a reporter on the Chicago Inter Ocean, soon specializing in politics and economics. During that time, he formed the Chicago Civic Federation. In 1891, he became a key figure in the Illinois Republican Party. In 1898, he held a first Federation conference in Saratoga, New York, on "The Future Foreign Policy of the United States."
In 1904, Easley left Chicago to found the National Civic Federation in New York, where he was the chairman of the executive council throughout the federation’s forty-five-year history.
By 1910, the National Civic Federation was working with US President Howard Taft's Conference of Governors, which the President addressed. Easley strong opposed US official recognition of the Soviet Union (which occurred in 1933)
The National Civic Federation opposed liberal-radical labor unions, particularly the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies); it championed the AFL. It also opposed the Communist Party USA and "all socialistic movements."
Members of the National Civic Federation included New York City Mayor Seth Low and American Federation of Labor (AFL) President Samuel Gompers, as well as former US Senator Mark Hanna, Ambassador August Belmont, former US President Grover Cleveland, and former New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchell.
In 1936, Easley revealed that he and Gompers used funds from ten US manufacturers to employ "secret agents" to spy in 1915 on Count Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff, Germany's ambassador to the USA. They turned information they obtained over to the federal government. During the New Deal, Easley supported the National Industrial Recovery Act. However, he strongly opposed the Works Progress Administration, run by "czars" and "racketeers." He also attacked WPA writers, the vast majority of whom had "never published a line in their lives, nor had most of the 'actors' been actors" in the WPA theatre.

## Personal life and death

In 1881, Easley married Nerva Cheney of Mechanicsburg, Ohio. In 1917, Easley married Gertrude Beeks Easley, who worked with him at the National Civic Federation.
Ralph Montomergy Easley died age 83 on September 8, 1939, at his home in Rye, New York.
# Raja Ali Haji

Raja Ali Haji bin Raja Haji Ahmad (1808/9–1869/75) was a 19th-century Bugis-Malay historian, poet and scholar who wrote Tuhfal al-Nafis. He was elevated to the status of National Hero of Indonesia in 2004. Haji has been described as one of the most important Malay writers of the 19th century.

## Early life

Raja Ali Haji was born in Selangor (although some sources stated that he was born in Penyengat) in 1808 or 1809, and was the son of Raja Ahmad, who was titled Engku Haji Tua after accomplishing the pilgrimage to Mecca. He was the grandson of Raja Ali Haji Fisabilillah (the brother of Raja Lumu, the first Sultan of Selangor). Fisabilillah was a scion of the royal house of Riau, who were descended from Bugis warriors who came to the region in the 18th century. His mother, Encik Hamidah binti Malik was a cousin of his father and also of Bugis descent. Raji Ali Haji soon relocated to Penyengat as an infant, where he grew up and received his education.

## Career

He went on pilgrimage to Mecca in 1828 when he was 19 years old. Haji undertook a diverse education and he eventually became renowned for his learning. He was 32, Haji became a joint regent who helped administer Lingga for the young Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah.

## Death

Most sources stated that Raja Ali Haji died in 1872 at Penyengat Island in Riau, but the date of his death was being debated as scattered evidences surfaced to oppose this claim. Among the best-known evidences was a letter written in 1872 when Raja Ali Haji wrote a letter to Herman Von De Wall, a Dutch cultural expert, who later died at Tanjung Pinang in 1873.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Raja Ali Haji :

## Notable works
### Poems

* 1847: Syair Abdul Muluk (disputed)
* 1847: Gurindam Dua Belas

### Books

* 1860s: Tuhfat al-Nafis (The Precious Gift)
* 1865: Silsilah Melayu dan Bugis

### Other writings

* 1857: Bustan al-Kathibin
* 1850s: Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa (uncompleted)
* 1857: Intizam Waza'if al-Malik
* 1857: Thamarat al-Mahammah
# Padirac

Padirac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.

## Notable people

* Armand Bouat (1873—1929), politician and merchant
# Rame, Punjab

Rame is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahkot, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Nakodar, 53 kilometres (33 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 183 kilometres (114 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Transport

Shahkot Malisian station is the nearest train station. The village is 94 kilometres (58 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 113 kilometres (70 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Pan-European Corridor Xa

The Corridor Xa is a branch of the Pan-European Corridor X. It runs north–south between the cities of Graz and Zagreb through three countries: Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. The road route of Corridor Xa is concurrent with the European route E59 throughout its entire length.

## Road route

The corridor starts at the A9 (Pyhrn Autobahn) highway in Graz, Austria. It follows the highway from the junction with the A2 and the European route E66 for 41 km (25 mi) to the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld.
In Slovenia the corridor continues from the Austrian border at Šentilj for 25 km (16 mi) along the A1 motorway (Slovenika) to the city of Maribor and the Slivnica. There it switches to the A4 motorway for 20 km (12 mi) until Draženci near Ptuj, continuing (while A4 construction is in progress) on the G9 main road for a few dozen kilometers to the Croatian border at Gruškovje.
In Croatia the corridor follows the A2 toll highway for 64 km (40 mi) from Macelj to Zagreb outskirts. The highway has three to six lanes throughout its entire length. Upon approaching Zaprešić interchange in suburban Zagreb, small backups on the mainline toll plaza are encountered at all times of day. The last part of the Corridor between Zaprešić and Lučko interchanges is part of the Zagreb bypass. Congestion can be bad at rush hour near interchanges, though.
* This European road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Rajan Mahadevan

Rajan Srinivasan Mahadevan (born 1957) is an Indian mnemonist.

## Early life

Mahadevan was born in Madras in 1957 and moved to Mangalore in 1959. He discovered his ability to memorize numbers at the age of 5 during a party hosted by his family. During the party, Rajan wandered to a parking lot and committed the license plate numbers of every guest's car for recitation later.

## Education

In 1977, after losing interest in engineering, Mahadevan set to memorize substantial parts of pi. On 5 July 1981, he recited from memory the first 31,811 digits of pi. This secured him a place in the 1984 Guinness Book of World Records, and he has been featured on Larry King Live and Reader's Digest.
Mahadevan received his bachelor's degree in psychology in 1984 and his master's degree in clinical psychology from the University of Mysore in 1986 during his extended participation in memory study. Mahadevan's digit span was found to be nearly ten times the average; it is estimated that, before the effects of practice, it was 15 digits.
Although Mahadevan is adept at remembering numbers, he nevertheless displays only an average memory when it comes to prose passages or geometric shapes.
Mahadevan holds the position of Distinguished Lecturer at the University of Tennessee, where he teaches courses in learning and thinking as well as cognitive psychology.
# Pagan Rhythms

Pagan Rhythms is the debut studio album by American death metal and thrash metal band SpiritWorld, released by Century Media Records on July 10, 2020.

## Reception

James Hickle of Kerrang! calls this "a soundtrack to [frontman] Stu [Folsom]'s non-musical writing, combining galloping thrash, pummelling hardcore, swinging rock’n’roll, and lyrical preoccupations with the American frontier and Native American mythology into a concoction its creator calls ‘death western’" that he rates 4 out of 5. Louder Sound's Joe Daly rated this release 4 out of 5 stars, calling this album "a bloody dive into the Wild West" that features "chaotic tempos and grinding death metal riffs".

## Track listing

All songs written by Stu Folsom.
* "Pagan Rhythms" – 5:16
* "The Bringer of Light" – 2:05
* "Unholy Passages" – 3:54
* "Night Terrors" – 3:00
* "The Demon Storm" – 3:43
* "Armageddon Honkytonk & Saloon" – 3:18
* "Godless" – 3:09
* "Comancheria" – 3:10
* "Ritual Human Sacrifice" – 3:49

## Personnel

SpiritWorld
* Stu Folsom – guitar, bass guitar, vocals, production
Additional personnel
* Raef Brylowe – additional vocals
* Adam Elliott – drums
* Lord Beezus – executive creative director
* Randy Moore – guitar
* Thomas Pridgen – drums
* Sam Pura – bass guitar, guitar, additional vocals, engineering, production, mastering
* Matt Schrum – guitar, additional vocals
* Ben Verhoek – additional vocals
# Pallur Rayrappan

Pallur Rayrappan was a supporter of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kerala, India, who fought a guerrilla-type war against the British East India Company during first decade of the 19th century.

## Background

Pazahassi Raja was defeated in battle by British and took to the forests of Wynad along with his family. From there he conducted a guerrilla campaign against the British until his death in 1806. Pallur Rayrappan was one of his supporters and helped him to fight against British forces in the forests of Kerala. The British announced a prize of 300 pagodas for helping to arrest Rayrappan, whose younger brother, Pallur Eman, was also a part of Raja's guerilla force and had a prize of 1000 pagodas on his head.
Pallur Rayrappan was killed fighting the British in January 1806 on a hill named Tirumalapad of Nilambur and before his capture, he critically wounded a British soldier.
# Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan

Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan (رانا محمد حنیف خان ) was a politician who served as the Finance minister of pakistan from 22 October 1974 to 28 March 1977. He was from the city of [chichawatni, Sahiwal which is in the Punjab, Pakistan. He was the elder son of Ch. Nawab khan who migrated from garhshankar, hoshiyarpur India.
He was barrister at law from Lincoln's Inn, and was an honorable member of the society of Lincoln's Inn. After that he came to Pakistan and started his political career in 1970 with the Pakistan People's Party. He was twice elected as a Member of the National Assembly and was assigned a number of different ministerial portfolios over a span of seven years.
* This article about a Pakistani politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Pakistani law-related biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Panchaali

Panchaali is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Muktha Srinivasan, produced by M. A. Thyagarajan, and written by Naga Shanmugam with the music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. It stars R. S. Manohar and Devika, with V. K. Ramasamy, L. Vijayalakshmi, T. P. Muthulakshmi, T. K. Ramachandran and Lakshmi Prabha in supporting roles.

## Plot

During the Panchayat elections held in the village Ponnaruvi, the Ayurveda specialist doctor, Dr. Natarajan defeats Anandan, the son of Kalyani Ammal. This causes Anandan and his mother, Kalyani to hate the kindhearted doctor. Apart from Anandan, Kalyani takes care of her other child, Gomathi and her nephew, Raghavan, whom she raises as her own child.
After returning from Madras, where he went to study medicine, Raghavan wins over the villagers with his medical expertise and helping hand. Oblivious to Kalyani's plans to get him married to Gomathi, he falls in love with Dr. Natarajan's daughter Panchaali. The rest of the film is about Raghavan discovering Anandan's misdemeanors as a servant in disguise. Complications arise when Anandan decides to murder his enemies.

## Cast

* R. S. Manohar
* Devika
* V. K. Ramasamy
* L. Vijayalakshmi
* Lakshmi Prabha
* T. P. Muthulakshmi
* T. K. Ramachandran
* S. Rama Rao
* K. K. Soundar
* S. S. Srinivasan
* "Karadi" Muthu
* R. Pakkirisamy
* Chandra
* E. R. Shanthakumari
* M. S. Thamizharasi
* M. Natarajan
* Stunt P. Krishnan

## Reception

Randor Guy stated that the film did well at the box office, despite the predictable storyline.

## Soundtrack

Music by K. V. Mahadevan. The song "Oru Murai Paarthalae Podhum" is tuned in the raga Kalyani.
| Songs | Singers | Lyrics | Length |
| "Oru Murai Paarthalae Podhum" | A. L. Raghavan | A. Maruthakasi | 03:23 |
| "Azhagu Vilayaada Amaidhi Uravaada" | A. L. Raghavan & K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | 03:41 |
| "Andhi Neram, Aathangarai Oram" | K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | |
| "Illaadha Pazhakkam Idhu" | K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | |
| "Maa Manakkudhu Thaen Manakkudhu" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan & Thiruchi Loganathan | A. Maruthakasi | |
| "Ilavu Kaatha Kili Thaano" | P. Susheela | A. Maruthakasi | |
| "Anbu Ullam Venum" | P. Susheela | Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy | |
| "Namma Naattu Vaithiyathai" | S. C. Krishnan & Thiruchi Loganathan | Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy | |
# Panchadara Kalasa

The Panchadara Kalasa is a variety of mango native to Andhra Pradesh, India, specifically in the East Godavari district. It is also grown in Telangana, the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh and Rayalaseema. The name Panchadara Kalasa translates to "sugar pot" in English, referencing its taste and pot-like shape.
Similar to the Chinna Rasalu variety of mango, the Panchadara Kalasa has a thick skin and sweet, juicy flesh, and is commonly eaten by sucking the juice or squeezing the mango. The fibers of the fruit are short and soft. It is susceptible to powdery mildew and moderately tolerant to grasshoppers.
# Randy Baumann

Randy Baumann is a radio personality, best known for his work as host of Randy Baumann and the DVE Morning Show on WDVE in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. From 2000 to 2011, he co-hosted the show with Jim Krenn as Jim Krenn, Randy Baumann and the DVE Morning Show until Krenn left WDVE in December 2011.
Before joining the DVE Morning Show in 2000, Baumann was an announcer for Rocket 101, WRKT in Erie, Pennsylvania, using the on-air name "Buckethead". Baumann's brother, Charlie Baumann, was a kicker at West Virginia University and for the New England Patriots.
# Pandanti Samsaram

Pandanti Samsaram is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language family drama film directed by Krishna and starring himself, Babloo Prithiveeraj, Ravali , Charulatha and Kota Srinivasa Rao.

## Cast

* Krishna as Krishnamanaidu
* Prithvi as Narendra
* Ravali
* Charulatha
* Kota Srinivasa Rao as Chalapathi
* Babu Mohan
* AVS
* Prasad Babu
* Narra Venkateswara Rao
* Gokina Rama Rao
* Sivaji Raja
* Gautam Raju
* Annapoorna
* Suma Kanakala
* Telangana Shakuntala
* Sana

## Production

The film began production in February of 2001, and Krishna also worked as a director and editor of the film. This film marked the debut of Krishna's two grandsons Ghattamaneni Jaya Krishna and Ashok Galla.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Vandemataram Srinivas with lyrics by Jaladi. Krishna acted without a mustache for a song in the film; he had never removed his mustache since his role in Thene Manasulu (1965). He played nine roles in another song in the film including Alluri Sitarama Raju, Bhagat Singh, Chatrapati Sivaji, Subash Chandra Bose, and Veerapandya Kattabomman.

## Reception

A critic from Full Hyderabad wrote that "The film is so contrived to the core, and there is so little intelligence involved in its making, there is hardly anything in it to talk about".

## Box office

The film ran for fifty days in two theatres: Mini Odeon in Hyderabad (now defunct) and Priyadarshini in Vijayawada.
# Pandanti Kapuram

Pandanti Kapuram is a 1972 Indian Telugu-language family drama film directed by Lakshmi Deepak. The film features an ensemble cast of Krishna, S. V. Ranga Rao, Vijaya Nirmala, Jamuna, B. Saroja Devi, Anjali Devi, Gummadi, Prabhakar Reddy. Released on July 21, 1972, Pandanti Kapuram was one of the biggest hits of the year. It is also the first film of Krishna to celebrate a silver jubilee (175 days) run at the box-office.
The film won the National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu and the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu. It was remade into the Hindi film Sunehra Sansar (1975) and in Tamil as Anbu Sagodharargal. Jayasudha made her screen debut as a child actor in this film (credited as Sujatha, her birth name)

## Cast

* Krishna as Ravi
* Jamuna as Rani Malini Devi/Savitha
* B. Saroja Devi as Sobha
* Vijaya Nirmala as Suseela "Susi"
* S. V. Ranga Rao as Narayana Rao
* Gummadi as Srinivasa Rao "Vasu"
* Prabhakar Reddy as Madhu
* Mikkilineni as Koteswara Rao
* Allu Ramalingaiah as Chengayya
* Raja Babu as Sanjeevi
* Sakshi Rangarao as Rudrayya
* Ram Mohan as Mohan
* Devika as Lakshmi
* Pandari Bai as Chinnamma
* Radha Kumari as Jagadamba
* Jayasudha as Santhi
* Sandhya Rani as Asha
* Master Naresh Kumar as Ramu
* Baby Dolly as Babu
* Balakrishna as Botany Lecturer
* Potti Prasad as Botany Lecturer's son

## Production

Jamuna's character in the film, Rani Malini Devi was inspired by Ingrid Bergman's character in the 1964 film The Visit. Jayasudha made her acting debut with this film as child artist under her real name Sujatha.

## Music

The music was composed by S. P. Kodandapani. The song "Babu Vinara" is quite popular.

## Box office

Pandanti Kapuram was the biggest hit of the year 1972. It is also the first film of Krishna to celebrate a silver jubilee run at the box office. The film completed a 100-day run in 21 centres (direct-19, shift-2).

## Awards
### National Film Awards

* National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu - 1972

### Filmfare Awards South

* Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu) (1972)
* Filmfare Special Commendation Award - Jamuna
# Raymond Davies (athlete)

Raymond Arthur Charles Davies is a male former athlete who competed for England.

## Athletics career

He represented England in the javelin at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales.
He was a member of the London University Athletic Club.
# Pirin, Blagoevgrad Province

Pirin is a village in the municipality of Sandanski, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria.
# James F. Short Jr.

James Franklin Short Jr. (June 22, 1924 – May 13, 2018) was an American sociologist.

## Biography

Born on June 22, 1924, James Franklin Short Jr. was raised on a farm near Pleasant Plains, Illinois. His father was a teacher. Short Jr. served in the United States Marine Corps before completing his doctorate in sociology at the University of Chicago, where he became known for his work with Fred Strodtbeck. He joined the faculty of Washington State University upon graduation in 1951, and retired in 1997. He was editor of the American Sociological Review from 1972 to 1975, awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975, and served as president of the American Sociological Association in 1984. Short died at the age of 93 on May 13, 2018.
# Peteina

Peteina is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Peteina erinaceus (Fabricius, 1794)
* Peteina hyperdiscalis Aldrich, 1926
# Rebecca Barnett

Rebecca Barnett is a New Zealand professional squash player. She represents New Zealand national women's squash team in international competitions. Her twin brother Jonathan Barnett is also a squash player. She is also one of the prominent squash players to have represented New Zealand in international level.

## Career

Barnett developed an interest initially in advertising during the early part of her career as a youngster. She also took an interest in broadcasting, however she changed gears to pursue her higher studies at the Massey University in Palmerston North. She also pursued her career as a squash player playing for the Lower Hutt Mitchell Park Squash Clib while spending her first year as a college going student at the Massey University. She and her brother competed at the 2012 New Zealand Junior Open and interestingly both of them emerged as winners in their respective singles events.
She emerged at the youth level notably at the 2013 Women's World Junior Squash Championships where she reached quarter finals and for her reputed performance in the competition, she was named in the New Zealand squad for the 2014 Women's World Team Squash Championships. She also made few international appearances since 2011 prior to her maiden Women's World Team Squash Championships. However New Zealand were knocked out of the first round of the tournament. In 2018, she was also awarded the Rookie Marketer of the Year by Loyalty New Zealand.
# Roy C. Strickland

Roy Clifton Strickland (September 20, 1942 – September 22, 2010) was a businessman in The Woodlands, Texas, north of Houston, who was a pioneer in the development of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Strickland challenged the Democrat Gillis William Long, a part of the Long political dynasty, for the United States House of Representatives in 1972. More than a decade later, he ran unsuccessfully for local office as a write-in candidate in Texas.
# Royalist (ship)

Several vessels have been named Royalist:
* Royalist (1794 ship) was launched at Sunderland. She was a general trader until 1812 when she became a Northern Whale Fishery whaler. She was lost in 1814 while whaling at Greenland.
* HMS Royalist was launched in 1807. She captured many privateers and letters of marque, most French, but also some from Denmark and the United States. Her crew twice were awarded the Naval General Service Medal. She was instrumental in the capture of a French frigate. The Royal Navy sold her in 1819. She then became a whaler, making three complete voyages. She was condemned after a mishap while on her fourth.
# Route 54 (disambiguation)

Route 54 may refer to:
* Route 54 (MTA Maryland), a public bus route in Baltimore, Maryland and its suburbs
* Dublin Bus (No. 54A), a bus route in Dublin, Ireland
* London Buses route 54
* Route 54 (WMATA), a public bus route in Washington, D.C.
# Royal Salute

Royal Salute may refer to:
* honors music for royalty
** "Aash Al Maleek", the national anthem of Saudi Arabia
** "As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni", the national anthem of Jordan
** "Royal Salute" (Yemen), the national anthem of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
** "As-Salam al-Malaki", the national anthem of Iraq from 1932 to 1958
** “Salām-e Shāh”, royal and national anthem of the Qajar dynasty, Persia (1873–1909)
* 21-gun salute in the Commonwealth
* Track #13 on The Format (album), 2006 rap album by AZ
* Royal Salute (whisky), a scotch produced by Chivas Brothers
# Pitar albidus

Pitar albidus, or the white venus clam, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae. It can be found along the coast of the West Indies.
# Royal Australasian College

Royal Australasian may refer to:
* Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons
* Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators
* Royal Australasian College of Physicians
* Royal Australasian College of Surgeons