OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qualification problem

In philosophy and AI (especially, knowledge-based systems), the qualification problem is concerned with the impossibility of listing all the preconditions required for a real-world action to have its intended effect. It might be posed as how to deal with the things that prevent me from achieving my intended result. It is strongly connected to, and opposite the ramification side of, the frame problem. John McCarthy gives the following motivating example, in which it is impossible to enumerate all the circumstances that may prevent a robot from performing its ordinary function:
   [T]he successful use of a boat to cross a river requires, if the boat is a rowboat, that the oars and rowlocks be present and unbroken, and that they fit each other. Many other qualifications can be added, making the rules for using a rowboat almost impossible to apply, and yet anyone will still be able to think of additional requirements not yet stated.
# 2012–13 Lebanese Women's Football League

The 2012–13 Lebanese Women's Football League was the sixth edition of the Lebanese Women's Football League since its inception in 2008. Five-time defending champions Sadaka won their sixth title.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Sadaka | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 47 | 7 | +40 | 27 | Champions |
| 2 | GFA | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 10 | +17 | 24 | |
| 3 | FC Beirut | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 13 | 14 | −1 | 15 | |
| 4 | Athletico Beirut | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 17 | −6 | 13 | |
| 5 | Arabi | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 27 | −22 | 6 | |
| 6 | Shooters | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 36 | −28 | 4 | |
# Janbu

Janbu is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Nilmar Janbu (1921–2013), Norwegian engineer and geotechnician
* Torunn Janbu (born 1954), Norwegian physician
# 2013 Maui Challenger – Doubles

Amer Delić and Travis Rettenmaier were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Lee Hsin-han and Peng Hsien-yin defeated Tennys Sandgren and Rhyne Williams 6–7$^{(1–7)}$, 6–2, [10–5] in the final to win the title.

## Seeds

* Devin Britton / Austin Krajicek (first round)
* Alex Bogomolov Jr. / Steve Johnson (semifinals)
* Lee Hsin-han / Peng Hsien-yin (Champions)
* Nicholas Monroe / Donald Young (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | D Britton A Krajicek | 6 | 4 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Klahn D Kudla | 4 | 6 | [10] | | B Klahn D Kudla | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Alves T-h Yang | 3 | 4 | | | J Andersen V Mirzadeh | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Andersen V Mirzadeh | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | J Andersen V Mirzadeh | 2 | 4 | | | | | | |
| 4 | N Monroe D Young | 7 | 1 | [10] | | | | | | | T Sandgren R Williams | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| WC | D Kosakowski M McClune | 5 | 6 | [7] | 4 | N Monroe D Young | 6 | 2 | [3] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Sandgren R Williams | 6 | 6 | | | T Sandgren R Williams | 1 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Petr Michnev Gerald Moretti | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | T Sandgren R Williams | 7$^7$ | 2 | [5] |
| | C Ball P Polansky | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | H-h Lee H-y Peng | 6$^1$ | 6 | [10] |
| | T Ito H Kondo | 4 | 3 | | | C Ball P Polansky | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Smyczek R Sweeting | 1 | 7$^7$ | [6] | 3 | H-h Lee H-y Peng | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | H-h Lee H-y Peng | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | | | | | 3 | H-h Lee H-y Peng | 6$^8$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | |
| WC | Mikael Maata Jan Tribler | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | 2 | A Bogomolov Jr. S Johnson | 7$^{10}$ | 2 | [7] | | | | | |
| WC | Rick Kepler D Lajola | 6 | 7 | | WC | R Kepler D Lajola | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kuznetsov M Zverev | 3 | 0 | | 2 | A Bogomolov Jr. S Johnson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Bogomolov Jr. S Johnson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2013 Challenger Banque Nationale de Rimouski – Doubles

Tomasz Bednarek and Olivier Charroin were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Sam Groth and John-Patrick Smith defeated Philipp Marx and Florin Mergea 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$ in the final to win the title.

## Seeds

* James Cerretani / Adil Shamasdin (quarterfinals)
* Philipp Marx / Florin Mergea (final)
* Sam Groth / John-Patrick Smith (champions)
* Rik de Voest / Izak van der Merwe (withdrawn)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Hugo Di Feo B Schnur | 3 | 3 | | 1 | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Buchanan H Moriya | 1 | 3 | | | V Pospisil B Reynolds | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Pospisil B Reynolds | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | V Pospisil B Reynolds | 7$^7$ | 6$^3$ | [5] | | | | |
| 3 | S Groth J-P Smith | 7 | 2 | [10] | | | | | 3 | S Groth J-P Smith | 6$^3$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | |
| | É Chvojka V Mirzadeh | 5 | 6 | [6] | 3 | S Groth J-P Smith | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | D King-Turner J Millman | 6 | 5 | [7] | WC | F Peliwo M Pokrajac | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | F Peliwo Milan Pokrajac | 3 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | S Groth J-P Smith | 7$^7$ | 7$^9$ |
| | J Wang D Zivkovic | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | P Marx F Mergea | 6$^5$ | 6$^7$ |
| | J McGee M Przysiężny | 4 | 4 | | | J Wang D Zivkovic | 7$^8$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Garza M Jaziri | w/o | | | | D Garza M Jaziri | 6$^6$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | R de Voest I van der Merwe | | | | | | | | | J Wang D Zivkovic | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| WC | Daniel Chu Pavel Krainik | 7$^7$ | 3 | | | | | | 2 | P Marx F Mergea | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | M Authom V Millor | 6$^2$ | 0$^r$ | | WC | D Chu P Krainik | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Britton A Krajicek | 4 | 5 | | 2 | P Marx F Mergea | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | P Marx F Mergea | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Plainoiseau

Plainoiseau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Jamiatul Atiq Mosque

Jamiatul Atiq Mosque, also locally known as Fourah Bay Mosque, is a large mosque located in the neighborhood of Fourah Bay, in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The mosque regularly holds Islamic prayer services five times a day; and its also teaches Islamic education. The chief Imam of the Jamiatul Atiq Masjid is Chief Sheikh Alhaji Hassan Karim, and the deputy chief Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Nazir King.
The mosque is the main mosque that serves the Fourah Bay community, a predominantly conservative Muslim community in Freetown.
The then Minister of Social Welfare, Gender and Children's affairs, Sylvia Blyden, who is a Christian, joined Muslims in prayers at the mosque in celebrating of the 2017 Eid al-Fitr.
# Pkhali

Pkhali (Georgian: ფხალი) is a traditional Georgian dish of chopped and minced vegetables, made of cabbage, eggplant, spinach, beans, beets and combined with ground walnuts, vinegar, onions, garlic, and herbs. Pkhali is also called mkhali. The common ingredient of all variations of pkhali is puréed walnut sauce. In Georgian restaurants, pkhali is usually served in three types: spinach, beetroot and white beans.

## Chicken pkhali

Katmis mkhali is a variation on the traditional pkhali. Boiled chicken is shredded and combined with seasoned nuts along with chicken broth in order to bind. Chopped herbs are then added and the salad is chilled for 3-5 hours. The texture of the salad is similar to paste. Pkhali is generally served with lettuce and pomegranate seeds.

## Gallery

* Cabbage pkhali
* Beetroot pkhali
# James Turner (Canadian politician)

James Turner (March 31, 1826 – October 10, 1889) was a Canadian merchant and political figure in Ontario. He sat for Ontario division in the Senate of Canada from 1884 to 1889.
He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of John Turner and Catherine Mitchell, was educated there and came to Canada in 1848, settling in Hamilton. In 1850, Turner married Caroline Greene. He was a wholesale grocer, vice-president of the Bank of Hamilton and a director of the Northern and Pacific Junction Railway. He also served as president of the Hamilton Board of Trade and of the Hamilton and Lake Erie Railway, later amalgamated with the Hamilton and North-western Railway. Turner died in office at the age of 63.
# Jane Hunter

Jane Hunter may refer to:
* Jane Hunter (scientist), Australian scientist
* Jane Edna Hunter (1881–1971), African-American social worker
# 2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix

The 2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor clay courts. It was the 35th edition of the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, and was part of the Premier tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at the Porsche Arena in Stuttgart, Germany, from 23 April until 29 April 2012. Second-seeded Maria Sharapova won the singles title.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BLR | Victoria Azarenka | 1 | 1 |
| RUS | Maria Sharapova | 2 | 2 |
| CZE | Petra Kvitová | 3 | 3 |
| POL | Agnieszka Radwańska | 4 | 4 |
| AUS | Samantha Stosur | 5 | 5 |
| DEN | Caroline Wozniacki | 6 | 6 |
| FRA | Marion Bartoli | 7 | 7 |
| CHN | Li Na | 8 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of April 16, 2012

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Kristina Barrois
* Mona Barthel
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Gréta Arn
* Iveta Benešová
* Anna Chakvetadze
* Alizé Cornet
The following players received entry as lucky loser:
* Akgul Amanmuradova
* Kateryna Bondarenko

### Withdrawals

* Daniela Hantuchová
* Sabine Lisicki
* Flavia Pennetta (wrist injury)
* Vera Zvonareva

### Retirements

* Alizé Cornet (right shoulder injury)
* Jelena Janković (low back injury)
* Andrea Petkovic (right ankle injury)

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CZE | Květa Peschke | SLO | Katarina Srebotnik | 7 | 1 |
| IND | Sania Mirza | ITA | Flavia Pennetta | 24 | 2 |
| CHN | Peng Shuai | RUS | Elena Vesnina | 45 | 3 |
| RSA | Natalie Grandin | CZE | Vladimíra Uhlířová | 45 | 4 |
| CZE | Iveta Benešová | CZE | Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová | 52 | 5 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of April 16, 2012

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Mona Barthel / Tatjana Malek
* Angelique Kerber / Andrea Petkovic
* Francesca Schiavone / Roberta Vinci
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Chan Hao-ching / Rika Fujiwara

### Withdrawals

* Flavia Pennetta (wrist injury)

### Retirements

* Paola Suárez (low back injury)

## Finals
### Singles

Maria Sharapova defeated. Victoria Azarenka, 6–1, 6–4
* It was Sharapova's 1st title of the year and 25th of her career.

### Doubles

Iveta Benešová / Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová defeated. Julia Görges / Anna-Lena Grönefeld, 6–4, 7–5
# Platypezina connexa

Platypezina connexa is a species of fly in the genus Platypezina
# Jamie (disambiguation)

Jamie is a given name.
Jamie may also refer to:

## Music

* Jamie Records, an American record label
* The Jamies, an American doo wop group
* Jamie, a 2021 album by B Wise
* "Jamie", a 1961 song by Eddie Holland
* "Jamie", a 1984 song by Ray Parker Jr.
* "Jamie", a 1994 B-side to the Weezer song "Buddy Holly"

## People with the surname

* Kathleen Jamie (born 1962), Scottish poet
* Poppy Jamie (born 1990), British entrepreneur and former television presenter

## Other uses

* Jamie (TV series), a 1953-54 American sitcom
* Jamie, a 2020 short film by Esmé Creed-Miles
* Jamie, the title character of Everybody's Talking About Jamie, a 2017 West End musical
# Jan Hjärpe

Jan Östen Hjärpe (13 July 1942) is a Swedish Islamicist and a professor emeritus in Islamic studies at the Centre for Theology and Religious Studies at Lund University.
Hjärpe was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. He earned a B.D. from Uppsala University ín 1965 and a B.A. in the history of religions and Semitic languages in 1967. From 1967 to 1968 he studied at University of Strasbourg. He studied for a Licentiate of Theology at Uppsala University in 1971 and defended his thesis in the history of religions in 1972. From 1972 to 1976 he was a senior lecturer in the history of religions at Uppsala University and Umeå University. He also served as an acting professor at Åbo Akademi University in 1976, and an acting senior lecturer in the history of religions and the psychology of religions at Lund University from 1976 to 1982. From 1982 to 1984 he was a researcher in Islamic studies at the Swedish Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences (now a part of the Swedish Research Council). From 1983 to 1984 he also served as a counsellor at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. He has held the professorship in Islamic studies at Lund University (which is the only professorship in Islamic studies in Sweden) since 1984. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and the Academia Europæa.
# Jan Heřmánek

* Image of the boxer signed for fan in 1932
* Image of the boxer signed for fan in 1932
Jan Heřmánek (May 28, 1907 – May 13, 1978) was a Czechoslovak boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.
In 1928 he won the silver medal in the middleweight class after losing the final against Piero Toscani.
He died in Prague.

## 1928 Olympic results

Below is the record of Jan Heřmánek, a Czech middleweight boxer who competed at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics:
* Round of 32: bye
* Round of 16: defeated Georges Pixius (Luxembourg) on points
* Quarterfinal: defeated Harry Henderson (United States) on points
* Semifinal: defeated Fred Mallin (Great Britain) on points
* Final: lost to Piero Toscani (Italy) on points (was awarded silver medal)
# Jang Young-chul (disambiguation)

Jang Young-chul is a South Korean television screenwriter.
Jang Young-chul or Jang Yeong-cheol may also refer to:
* Jang Young-chul (politician) (1936–2023), South Korean politician
* Jang Yeong-cheol (born 1964), South Korean sprint canoer
# Plastic Loveless Letter

"Plastic Loveless Letter" is a song by Australian alternative rock band Magic Dirt. Following the promotional singles "Vulcanella" and "Watch Out Boys", the song was released as the official lead single from the band's fourth studio album Tough Love in November 2003. The single peaked at number 34 in Australia, becoming the band's highest charting single after becoming a radio staple.
The song polled in position 35 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003.

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 35 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | November 2003 | CD Single | EastWest, Warner | 2564609872 |
# Jankuhn

Jankuhn is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herbert Jankuhn (1905–1990) German archaeologist
* Klaus Jankuhn (born 1965), German record producer and musician
* Walter Jankuhn (1888–1953), German tenor singer and actor, performed e.g. in Lotte
# Jan Welmers

Jan Welmers (6 July 1937 – 7 March 2022) was a Dutch composer and organist.

## Life and career

Born in Zuidlaren, the son of an organist and pianist and of an elementary school teacher, Welmers studied at the Prince Claus Conservatoire and at the Utrechts Conservatorium. He was author of a large number of organ compositions, mostly in minimalistic style, starting from 1961. He was professor of organ and music theory at the Utrechts Conservatorium from 1974 to 1998, and organist at the Saint Stephen's Church in Nijmegen from 1974 to 2002.
During his career Welmers was the recipient of several awards and honors, including the first prize at the 1968 International Organ Improvisation Competition [de] and the Sweelinck Prize [nl] for his career in 2005. He died on 7 March 2022, at the age of 84.
# Plançor

Plançor is a village in District of Gjakova, Kosovo, Serbia. Plançor is situated nearby to the villages Dujakë and Hereç.

## History

In the area of Plançor, a village with the name Plaqani (Plakani) is mentioned in the Ottoman defters of 1485, the village had 14 homes. Over half of the inhabitants bore Albanian names, indicating the village was inhabited by Albanians.
# Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus (consul)

Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus (fl. 490–488 BC) was a Roman politician, and consul in 490 BC.

## Family

He was a member of the gens Sulpicia, specifically he was among the Sulpicii Camerini. His father Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus (consul 500 BC) was the first consul of the Sulpicii, which may have taken its name from the town of Cameria or Camerium in Latium, and his son Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus was consul in 461 BC, and decemvir in 451 BC.

## Career

In 490 BC, Cornutus was consul with Spurius Larcius. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ascribes many odd occurrences to their consulship, such as the birth of monstrosities, and people hearing voices. Then he tells of a pestilence that mostly killed cattle, but not many people.
In 488 BC, the Volsci under Coriolanus marched on Rome and besieged the city. Cornutus, and his former colleague Lartius, were among the ambassadors sent to intercede with Coriolanus.
# Plattenspitze (Schladming Tauern)

The Plattenspitze or Plattenspitz is a mountain, 2,294 metres high (another source 2,293 m) above the village of Obertauern and on the territory of the municipality of Tweng, Austria. Its summit lies within the Schladming Tauern range and is usually traversed by climbers making for the Gamskarlspitze (2,411 m) to the south.
Neighbouring peaks are the Hundskogel (2,238 m) and Gamskarlspitze (2,411 m).
On top of the Plattenspitze is a 38-metre-high (125 ft) tower which acts as a passive repeater.
One of the lifts of the Obertauern ski region, the Plattenkarbahn runs up the mountain to the cirque beneath the summit.
# Pleuranthodium trichocalyx

Pleuranthodium trichocalyx is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Theodoric Valeton, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Pleuranthodium trichocalyx is part of the genus Pleuranthodium and the family Zingiberaceae.
The species' range is in Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Pleuranthodium piundaundensis

Pleuranthodium piundaundensis is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Pieter van Royen, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Pleuranthodium piundaundensis is part of the genus Pleuranthodium and the family Zingiberaceae.
The species' range is Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Plans and Disguises

Plans & Disguises is a Canadian disco-grunge duo from Vancouver, British Columbia. The group formerly performed as Pardon My Striptease and is most known for their single 'Pray (for LJ)' which helped to raise over $100,000 for the BC Children's Hospital Foundation.

## History
### Formation as Pardon My Striptease (2007–2010)

The group was originally formed in Chilliwack, British Columbia, under the name Pardon My Striptease in 2007 by Erron Sweeney, Adam Coleman and Dylan Weightman. After auditioning several vocalists Andrew Christopher (Putt) of Agassiz, BC, joined the band in 2009. The group released their first self-titled EP in 2010 recorded at The Factory Studios in Vancouver, published by Polar Bear Records and distributed by Fontana North.

### Release of Pray (for LJ) (2011)

In the Fall of 2011 Andrew's daughter was diagnosed with glioblastoma and that following December the group released the single Pray (for LJ) as a fundraiser for BC Children's Hospital Foundation. The band issued a donation-matching challenge to Canadian rock group Nickelback if 'Pray (for LJ)' surpassed their current single 'We Stand Together' on the iTunes Canada Rock Charts. 'Pray (for LJ)' reached #1 on the iTunes Canada charts on December 8, 2011, and peaked at #20 on the Billboard Canada Hot 100 Singles the week of December 24, 2011.

### Final show and reunion (2012–2014)

Guitarist Erron Sweeney departed in August 2012 and the group played their final show on March 2, 2013, in Harrison Hot Springs, BC Just over one year later the group was reunited to play a cancer benefit in Chilliwack, BC. The show was on April 11, 2014, and in support of a local Ride to Conquer Cancer team.

### Name change and future (2015–present)

On February 26, 2015, the group changed its name to Plans & Disguises which was evidenced on its official website as well as the social media feeds of the remaining band members. The band has announced three self-produced tracks will be released on March 17, 2015. The third track 'Sunrise' features former vocalist Andrew Christopher and all tracks were mixed by Sheldon Zaharko and mastered by Joe LaPorta.

## Members
### Current

* Brendan Woodroff - vocals, guitar
* Dylan Weightman - vocals, drums

### Past

* Andrew Christopher (Putt) - vocals, guitar
* Adam Coleman - vocals, bass guitar
* Erron Sweeney - lead guitar

### Timeline
## Discography
### As 'Pardon My Striptease'

| Title | Details |
| Pardon My Striptease EP | Release date: November, 2010 Label: Fontana North/Polar Bear |
| Pray (for LJ) | Release date: December 5, 2011 Label: Independent |
| Twenty Strong | Release date: March 2012 Label: Independent |

### Studio albums

| Title | Details |
| Ask EP | Release date: March 17, 2015 Label: Independent Mixing: Sheldon Zaharko Mastering: Joe LaPorta |
# Pliny Earle I

Pliny Earle I (December 17, 1762 – November 19, 1832) was an American inventor who made wool and cotton carding pickers.

## Biography

Pliny Earle I was born in 1762 in Leicester, Massachusetts, the son of Sarah and Robert Earle.
In 1785, he teamed with Edmund Snow in the manufacture of carding machines for cotton and wool. Among the many obstacles encountered by Samuel Slater in the introduction into the United States of the manufacture of cotton by machinery was the difficulty of procuring card clothing for his machines.
After unsuccessful applications to several other persons, he went, in 1790, to Earle, who, although it was a new and untried work, agreed to make the cards. He succeeded, but to achieve that success he was obliged to prick the holes for the teeth with two needles fastened in the handle. This led him to the invention of the machine for pricking "twilled" cards, by which the labor of a man for fifteen hours could be performed in as many minutes. This machine was in general use for years, until the machine that both pricks the leather and sets the teeth superseded it. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and, apart from his inventive genius, made extensive attainments in science and literature.
Earle subsequently took little part in political affairs. He devoted his time principally to literary work, and published an Essay on Penal Law; an Essay on the Rights of States to Alter and to Annul their Charters; Treatise on Railroads and Internal Communications (1830), and a Life of Benjamin Lundy. At the time of his death he was engaged in a translation of Sismondi's Italian Republics, and in the compilation of a Grammatical Dictionary of the French and the English Languages.
He died in Leicester, Massachusetts in November 1832 and is buried at Quaker Cemetery.

## Children

* John Milton Earle
* Pliny Earle II
* Thomas Earle

## Grandchildren

* Pliny Earle Chase
* Thomas Chase
* Lucy and Sarah Chase