OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rossby wave instability

Rossby Wave Instability (RWI) is a concept related to astrophysical accretion discs. In non-self-gravitating discs, for example around newly forming stars, the instability can be triggered by an axisymmetric bump, at some radius $r_{0}$, in the disc surface mass-density. It gives rise to exponentially growing non-axisymmetric perturbation in the vicinity of $r_{0}$ consisting of anticyclonic vortices. These vortices are regions of high pressure and consequently act to trap dust particles which in turn can facilitate planetesimal growth in proto-planetary discs. The Rossby vortices in the discs around stars and black holes may cause the observed quasi-periodic modulations of the disc's thermal emission.
Rossby waves, named after Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby, are important in planetary atmospheres and oceans and are also known as planetary waves. These waves have a significant role in the transport of heat from equatorial to polar regions of the Earth. They may have a role in the formation of the long-lived ($>300$ yr) Great Red Spot on Jupiter which is an anticyclonic vortex. The Rossby waves have the notable property of having the phase velocity opposite to the direction of motion of the atmosphere or disc in the comoving frame of the fluid.
The theory of the Rossby wave instability in accretion discs was developed by Lovelace et al. and Li et al. for thin Keplerian discs with negligible self-gravity and earlier by Lovelace and Hohlfeld for thin disc galaxies where the self-gravity may or may not be important and where the rotation is in general non-Keplerian.
The Rossby wave instability occurs because of the local wave trapping in a disc. It is related to the Papaloizou and Pringle instability; where the wave is trapped between the inner and outer radii of a disc or torus.
# Ping test (engineering)

A ping test is a physical test to determine the natural frequency of an object or assembly. The test consists of instrumenting the object or assembly with measuring devices and then tapping it with another metallic object (usually a hammer.) The undamped system will then vibrate at its natural frequency. The ping test is used on assemblies and objects where vibration can be an issue.
# Pietro Mingotti

Pietro Mingotti (born Venice, c. 1702; died Copenhagen, 28 April 1759) was an Italian impresario active across continental Europe. His brother, Angelo, formed an opera company in Prague around 1732, consisting of three male singers and five females; Pietro quickly followed suit, and the two troupes achieved European-wide success (though mostly in German and Austrian cities), sometimes performing together. Pietro's company, the more high-profile of the two, at times included Christoph Willibald Gluck and Giuseppe Sarti as members. Most of the works performed belonged to the genre of opera seria, though opere buffe were also given. Mezzo-soprano Maria Giustina Turcotti was a member of his company from 1746-1750.
After performances at the coronation of Franz I at Frankfurt (Maria Theresa's husband) in 1745, and at a royal wedding at Dresden in 1747 (when Gluck's Le nozze d'Ercole e d'Ebe, with the composer conducting, was performed), Mingotti's troupe were invited to Copenhagen by Queen Louise in the same year. The company's repertory for the Danish court included not only operas but also ballets. Sarti joined the troupe in December 1752 as music director after Gluck left during 1750. Severe financial difficulties forced Pietro to end his contract with the court at Copenhagen in 1755, and he died impoverished four years later in the Danish capital. Little is known of Angelo Mingotti's later career; from 1743 until 1751 the Oper am Gänsemarkt was used by Angelo Mingotti, performing Italian operas.
# Pietro Montanini

Pietro Montanini (1619–1689), also called Petruccio Perugino, was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born in Perugia and first apprenticed with the painter Ciro Ferri, then Salvator Rosa. Among his pupils in Perugia were Mattia Battini (born 1666)$^{:76}$ and Giuseppe Laudati (born 1672).$^{:77}$ His canvas of St Francis Xavier was painted for the Capella Decemvirale in Perugia. Francesco Busti also contributed to this chapel.$^{:77}$ His nephew, Giovanni Fonticelli, was also a painter.
# Pierre Christin

Pierre Christin (French:; 27 July 1938 – 3 October 2024) was a French comics creator and writer.

## Biography

Christin was born at Saint-Mandé on 27 July 1938.
After graduating from the Sorbonne, Christin pursued graduate studies in political science at SciencesPo and became a professor of French literature at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. His first comics story, Le Rhum du Punch, illustrated by his childhood friend Jean-Claude Mézières, was published in 1966 in Pilote magazine. Christin returned to France the following year to join the faculty of the University of Bordeaux. That year he again collaborated with Mézières to create the science-fiction series Valérian and Laureline for Pilote. The first episode was Les Mauvais Rêves (Bad Dreams).
In addition to the ongoing Valérian, Christin meanwhile wrote several other comics one-shots, including The City That Didn't Exist (La Ville qui n'existe pas), The Black Order Brigade (Les Phalanges de l'ordre noir) and The Hunting Party (Partie de chasse) (all illustrated by Enki Bilal). Among the many European comics artist he collaborated with were Enki Bilal, Jacques Tardi, Alexis, Raymond Poïvet, Jijé, Annie Goetzinger, Daniel Ceppi, and François Boucq. He also wrote screenplays and science-fiction novels.
Christin died on 3 October 2024, at the age of 86.

## Awards

* 1976: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Best French Author
* 1986: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Library Readers Award, for La voyageuse de la petite ceinture
* 1995: Haxtur Awards, Spain, nominated for Best Short Comic Strip, for El Círculo del poder (The Circles of Power)
* 1997: Angoulême International Comics Festival, Tournesol Award, for Les otages de l'Ultralum (Hostages of the Ultralum)
* 1996: Max & Moritz Prizes, Germany, Best International Writer
* 2019: Angoulême International Comics Festival René Goscinny award
# Rowd

Rowd (Sunshine) is a 2012 Indian Assamese romantic film directed by Gautam Baruah, with a screenplay by Ashim Krishna, Rupam Dutta, and Chirantan Mahanta, and produced by Mousumi Bordoloi. It stars Utpal Das, Diganta Hazarika, Moonmi Phukan and Monali Bordoloi in the lead roles. It was the debut film for both the director and actress Monali.

## Synopsis

A young boy Ankit from a middle-class family who stays in Manali with his parents falls in love with Pooja, a girl from a rich powerful family. Then he faces many challenges in his life.

## Cast

* Utpal Das as Ankit
* Diganta Hazarika as Angshuman
* Moonmi Phukan as Emon
* Monali Bordoloi as Pooja
* Bhagawat Pritam as Rudra Pratap Chaliha
* Biju Phukan
* Nikumoni Baruah
* Jayanta Bhagawati
* Padmaraag Goswami
* Hiranya Deka

## Soundtrack

The music of Rowd is composed by Jatin Sharma. Lyrics were by Rajdweep, Jananjay Saikia and Manas Mahanta.
# Pierre Le Ber

Pierre Le Ber (1669 – 1 October 1707), a son of Jacques Le Ber and brother of Jeanne Le Ber, was a painter from Montreal.

## Biography

Le Ber was a member of two of the wealthiest families in the colony and used his wealth to be a generous member of his community, founding an almshouse. He contributed to the Congregation of Notre Dame, likely because of his sister, Jeanne, was a recluse there. He was one of the founders and supporters of the Brothers Hospitallers (Hôpital Général of the Charon brothers).
Le Ber was considered an untalented amateur painter in his lifetime. In 1965, his so-called primitive painting of Marguerite Bourgeoys, restored in 1963-1964 in New York, brought him to the attention of the Canadian art world and his surviving work and his life have been examined. The oil painting of Marguerite Bourgeoys as a nearly 80-year old compassionate woman who suffered and shared the suffering of others is in the possession of the mother house of the Congregation of Notre Dame, Montreal. His work marks him as an important artist of the time.

## Gallery

* La Venerable Marguerite Bourgeoys by Pierre Le Ber c. 1700, before restoration.
* Le Ber's painting of Marguerite Bourgeoys, c. 1700, restored.
# Rostron

Rostron is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur Rostron (1869–1940), master of the ocean liner RMS Carpathia
* Kim Rostron (born 1974), English amateur golfer
* Sidney Nowell Rostron (1883–1948), Church of England priest, theologian, and academic
* Thurston Rostron, English footballer
* Wilf Rostron (born 1956), English footballer
# Rouf

Rouf may refer to:
* Rouf, Athens, a neighbourhood of Athens in Greece
* Rouf F.C., a Greek football club
* Abdur Rouf (judge), a Bangladeshi judge
* Md Abdur Rouf, a Bangladeshi kabaddi player
* Munshi Abdur Rouf, a recipient of the Bir Sreshtho military award
# Rouez

Rouez (French pronunciation:), also called Rouez-en-Champagne, is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France.

## Geography

The village lies in the middle of the commune, on the left bank of the Merdereau, a left tributary of the Vègre, which flows southeastward through the commune.
# Roy Diblik

Roy Diblik is an American perennial garden designer, plant nurseryman, and author of The Know Maintenance Perennial Garden (2014). He co-owns the Northwind Perennial Farm in Burlington, Wisconsin.
Diblik has collaborated with Dutch garden designer Piet Oudolf on projects such as the Lurie Garden in Chicago, Illinois.
# Round the Clock Lovin'

"Round the Clock Lovin'" is a song written by Rory Bourke and K.T. Oslin. It was recorded by American country artist Gail Davies and was released as a single via Warner Bros. Records in 1982. The song was recorded in July 1981 at the "Producer's Workshop" in Hollywood, California, United States. The session was produced entirely by Davies among previous sessions.
Released as a single in January 1982, "Round the Clock Lovin'" reached a peak of number nine on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. The song would become Davies' final top-ten hit on any Billboard chart. Additionally, the single peaked within the top-twenty on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart in 1981.
Co-writer K.T. Oslin would in later years would become a major country music artist herself. "Round the Clock Lovin'" has often been described as a catalyst for Oslin's early career. Oslin recorded her own version of the song on her 1988 album This Woman. Oslin's version served as the B-side to her 1989 single "Didn't Expect It to Go Down This Way".

## Chart performance

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Songs (RPM) | 13 |
| US Hot Country Singles (Billboard) | 9 |
# Rudnik (Ilidža)

Rudnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Рудник) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Ilidža.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 377.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 333 | 88.3% |
| Serbs | 10 | 2.7% |
| Croats | 7 | 1.9% |
| other/undeclared | 27 | 7.2% |
| Total | 377 | 100% |
# 2021 African Judo Championships – Women's 48 kg

The women's 48 kg competition in at the 2021 African Judo Championships was held on 20 May 2021 at the Dakar Arena in Dakar, Senegal.

## Results
### Main Round

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Aziza Chakir (MAR) | Aziza Chakir (MAR) | 00 | | | | | | |
| Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | 10 | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | 11 | | | | | | |
| Harriet Boniface (MWI) | Harriet Boniface (MWI) | 00 | | | | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | 11 | | | |
| | | | | | | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | 00 | | | |
| | | | Signoline Kanyamuneza (BDI) | Signoline Kanyamuneza (BDI) | 00 | | | | | | |
| Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | 10 | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | 11 | | | | | | |
| Aicha Dado Diop (SEN) | Aicha Dado Diop (SEN) | 00 | | | | | | | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | Oumaima Bedioui (TUN) | 01 |
| | | | | | | | | | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | 00 |
| | | | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | 11 | | | | | | |
| Jennie Muneme (MOZ) | Jennie Muneme (MOZ) | 00 | Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | 00 | | | | | | |
| Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | 10 | | | | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | Priscilla Morand (MRI) | 10 | | | |
| | | | | | | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | 00 | | | |
| | | | Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | 00 | | | | | | |
| Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | 11 | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | 10 | | | | | | |
| Maïmouna Diarrassouba (CIV) | Maïmouna Diarrassouba (CIV) | 00 | | | | | | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage | Repechage | Repechage | Bronze medal | Bronze medal | Bronze medal |
| | | | Aziza Chakir (MAR) | Aziza Chakir (MAR) | 00 |
| Aziza Chakir (MAR) | Aziza Chakir (MAR) | 10 | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | Rania Harbaoui (TUN) | 10 |
| Signoline Kanyamuneza (BDI) | Signoline Kanyamuneza (BDI) | 00 | | | |
| Repechage | Repechage | Repechage | Bronze medal | Bronze medal | Bronze medal |
| | | | Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | 00 |
| Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | Marie Jeanne Seck (SEN) | 00 | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | Chaimae Eddinari (MAR) | 01 |
| Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | Hadjer Mecerem (ALG) | 10 | | | |
# Pigeon House Mountain

Pigeon House Mountain (Aboriginal: Didthul) is a mountain at an elevation of 720 metres (2,360 ft) AHD on the Budawang Range that is situated within the Morton National Park, located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
The prominent remnant of a two tier sandstone structure, the nearest town is Milton. Pigeon House Mountain is a popular walking destination, taking an average of three to four hours for a complete ascent and descent from the car park.
Pigeon House Mountain is home to eastern grey kangaroos and superb lyrebirds.

## Etymology

The mountain was first seen by Captain James Cook at 7 a.m. on 21 April 1770, during his voyage of discovery along Australia's eastern coast. Cook described -
   a remarkable peaked hill which resembled a square dovehouse with a dome on top and for that reason I called it Pigeon House.$^{:24}$
The Aboriginal name for the mountain is Didthul, Didhol, or Dithol$^{:184}$ which means "woman's breast" on account of the distinctive shape of the mountain.

## Gallery

* The summit
* View from the summit
* As seen from Mount Budawang, (Pigeon House on right horizon)
* Pigeon House ash on Pigeon House Mountain
# Pipil

Pipil may refer to:
* Nahua people of western El Salvador
* Pipil language (Nawat)
** Pipil grammar
** Pipil language (typological overview)
# Roy Armstrong

Roy Alexander Armstrong (14 January 1914 – 26 April 1991 ) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Biography

Armstrong was born in Warwick, Queensland, the son of Samuel John Armstrong and his wife Ann Isabel (née Hall) and was educated at Warwick State School. After finishing his schooling he was a timber cutter and haulier before working as a sugarcane farmer.
On 4 March 1940 he married Daphne Merle Bauld and together had one son. Daphne died in 1976 and the following year he married Marie Veronica Diery (née Thornton) (died 2006). Armstrong died in Brisbane in April 1991 and was buried in Brisbane's Mt Gravatt Cemetery.

## Public career

Armstrong started out in politics as a councilor on the Mulgrave Shire Council between 1956 and 1961.
He joined the Queensland Parliament as the Country Party member for Mulgrave following the death of Carlisle Wordsworth in 1960. He went on to represent the electorate for twenty years before retiring at the 1980 Queensland state election.
He was a person in the old Country Party mould. In 1972 the government, of which Armstrong was a member, nominated Jim Houghton to be the Speaker, Armstrong went against his party and nominated Bill Longeran who won the ballot to become the Speaker. It was these actions which ensured that Armstrong would not become a minister during his time in the parliament. After his retirement from the parliament he would often be seen in the gallery during proceedings.
# Roy Odhier

Roy Odhier (born 23 September 1964) is a Kenyan field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Pigeon Island (Solomon Islands)

Pigeon Island is of one of the Reef Islands in Temotu Province, in the independent nation of Solomon Islands, 360 nautical miles from Honiara. The island is 274 by 91 metres. In local language the island is called Ngarando, which means a faraway place.
# Pat Stevens

Patricia Stevens (née Szczepaniak; September 16, 1945 – May 26, 2010) was an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her various nurse roles, particularly as Nurse Baker on M*A*S*H and her role as the second voice of the character Velma Dinkley on two Saturday morning cartoon series The Scooby-Doo Show and Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo during the same period (1976–1979).

## Career

Stevens voiced the character of Velma Dinkley from 1976 to 1979, leaving the show midway through Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo. She appeared on the long-running television series M*A*S*H from 1974 through 1978 as various nurses in 15 non-consecutive episodes. Stevens was first credited as Nurse Mitchell, then Nurse Baker, Nurse Stevens, Nurse Brown and Nurse Able, before appearing again as Nurse Baker in the episode "Margaret's Marriage" in Season Five, and then finally in "Major Ego" during Season Seven, when she was credited as a Duty Nurse.

## Personal life and death

Stevens married former 1970s TV character actor Jess Nadelman in 1980; they had two children, Sara and David. According to an obituary published in the Worcester Telegram & Gazette, Stevens later transitioned from acting to teaching, where she worked "with elementary and secondary education teachers, integrating art into the regular curriculum including science and history".
Stevens died from breast cancer on May 26, 2010, at the age of 64 in Rutland, Massachusetts. She was surrounded by her husband, Jess Nadelman, their children, Sara and David, and her six siblings.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1984 | Crimes of Passion | Group Member #5 | (final film role) |
| Television ||||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1973 | The Girl with Something Extra | Saleslady #2 / Marian | 2 episodes |
| 1974 | Police Woman | The Secretary | Episode: The End Game |
| 1974–1978 | M*A*S*H | Nurse Mitchell / Nurse Baker / Nurse Stevens / Nurse Brown /Nurse Able | 15 episodes |
| 1975 | ABC Afterschool Specials | Tuck's Mother | Episode: "The Skating Rink" |
| 1975 | Karen | Wendy | Episode: "Dena Might" |
| 1976–1978 | The Scooby-Doo Show | Velma Dinkley | 40 episodes: 16 episodes – as part of The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour (1976) 8 episodes – as part of Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics (1977) 16 episodes – as part of Scooby's All-Stars (1978) |
| 1976 | The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour | Velma Dinkley | 16 episodes (Scooby-Doo), 3 episodes (Dynomutt) |
| 1977 | We've Got Each Other | Role Unknown | Episode: "My Brother's Keeper" |
| 1978 | Dynomutt, Dog Wonder | Velma Dinkley | 3 episodes |
| 1978 | The Bob Newhart Show | Wanda Moss | Episode: "Crisis in Education" |
| 1978 | ABC Weekend Specials | Mrs. Small | Episode: "The Contest Kid and the Big Prize" |
| 1979 | Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo | Velma Dinkley | 11 episodes |
| 1979 | Scooby Goes Hollywood | Velma Dinkley | Credited as Pat Stevens, TV movie |
| 1980 | Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels | Loni | Episode: "Cavey and the Volcanic Villain" |
# SNCF Class Z 9600

The SNCF Class Z 9600 electric multiple units were built by Alsthom between 1984–1987. They are part of the Z2 type of electric multiple units, all similarly styled. The other Z2 classes are Z 7300, Z 7500 and Z 9500. This class operate in the Loire and the Alps. The class wear several liveries. The original livery, shown in the top picture, of Dark Blue with Red fronts. Also the Blue Regional livery and the new TER livery.
* Z 9607/19607 (Z2) near Tours. This unit has been reliveried and is the same unit as in the top picture.
* Interior prior to refurbishment
* Interior after refurbishment
In this class there are 36 units.
* This French railway-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Samuel Castriota

Samuel Castriota (November 2, 1885 – July 8, 1932) was an Argentine pianist, guitarist and composer. He is the composer of the tango Mi noche triste, among other works.
Born in Buenos Aires, Castriota spent his childhood in the nearby town of San Miguel where he learned to play the guitar "by ear" that is without reading music. He returned to Buenos Aires at age 16 and began performing in small ensembles while also learning to play the piano.
He won a major prize in the lottery, and moved away from music toward establishing a hairdressing business. Eventually, however, he returned to his musical hobby and played piano in a trio that included himself, Vicente Loduca on bandoneon and Francisco Canaro on violin.
In the middle of the first decade of the twentieth century, Castriota released an instrumental tango, and Pascual Contursi provided lyrics. Carlos Gardel brought the names of Castriota and Contursi to public attention. Contursi had added lyrics to tangos composed by other artists, but not with the success that came from the collaboration with Castriota on Mi noche triste.
Castriota continued to direct his orchestra, alternating as pianist, and composing new pieces. However, those new pieces never came close to having the impact of Mi noche triste. He died in Buenos Aires on July 8, 1932.

## Compositions

* A la vejez (In old age)
* A Trípoli
* Atorrante (letra de Juan Andrés Bruno)
* Buen ejemplo (Good example)
* Campero (Camper)
* Chica moderna (Modern girl)
* ¡Cómo brilla! (How bright!)
* Como quiera (However you want)
* Como una flor (Like a flower)
* Con su china
* Cordobesita
* Cotorrita
* Despechando
* Dolor de ausencia (letra de Carlos R. De Paoli)
* Don Florencio
* El arroyito (The creek)
* El botonazo
* El ciruja de Sorrento
* El gaucho (The cowboy)
* El gorrión (Sparrow)
* El loco de los inventos (The crazy inventions)
* El señuelo (The lure)
* Flor de cardo (Thistle)
* Francia (France)
* Inesita
* Jardín de las rosas
* La cotorrita (The parrot)
* La mañanita
* La parroquiana (The parishioner)
* La piba del norte
* La yerra
* Las margaritas (Daisies)
* Lamento del corazón
* Mi coronel (Colonel)
* Mi noche alegre (My cheerful night)
* Mi noche triste (My sad night)
* Mi querida (My dear)
* Nido de amor (Love nest)
* Notas lejanas
* Patio olvidado
* Picardía (Craftiness)
* Puerto Belgrano
* Rebelde (Rebel)
* Reja de mis amores
* Reliquias camperas
* Sentate hermano (Bebé conmigo)
* ¿Te acordás, Rafaela? (Do you remember, Rafaela?)
* Una sonrisa (A smile)
* Vieja milonga
# Rostov-Luanda

Rostov-Luanda is a 1997 Mauritanian documentary film directed by Abderrahmane Sissako and co-produced by Christian Baute, Pierre Hanau, and Dominique Andreani.
The documentary deals with long standing friendship between the director Sissako who met Baribanga, an Angolan student, during a train ride from Moscow to Rostov when both were moving to study film in Moscow. Many years later, Sissako made his journey across war-torn Angola to find his friend.
The film had its premier on 25 January 1997 in the Netherlands. The film received positive reviews from critics and screened at many film festivals. In 2018, at the Namur International Festival of French-Speaking Film, it received a Special Mention at the TV5 Best Documentary Award.
# Klaudia Naziębło

Klaudia Naziębło (born 3 December 1993) is a Polish swimmer. She competed in the women's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships.