OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sasha Turner

Sasha Deborah Turner is a Jamaican-American historian who is an associate professor of history of at the Johns Hopkins University Department of the History of Medicine. Her research considers the history of the Caribbean, with a particular focus on enslavement and colonialism. She is co-president of the Coordinating Council for Women in History.

## Early life and education

Turner is from the West Indies. She was an undergraduate student at the University of the West Indies, where she majored in history. She moved to the United Kingdom for her graduate studies. She started as a master's student in public health at the University of Cambridge, and stayed there to complete her doctoral research. Her research considered gender and 18th century Jamaican sugar estates. Turner was a postdoctoral fellow at Rutgers University, Washington University in St. Louis, Pennsylvania State University and Yale University.

## Research and career

In 2010, Turner was made an assistant professor at Quinnipiac University. She moved to Johns Hopkins University as an associate professor of history. Turner studies the history of the Caribbean. In particular, she studies the lives of women and children, and how they are impacted by racial and gender stereotypes. She has studied the role of emotion in enslavement and colonialism. Whilst writing her first book, Contested Bodies: Pregnancy, Childrearing and Slavery in Jamaica, Turner became horrified by the high rates of infant mortality amongst Caribbean colonies. She started to investigate how enslaved women handled the deaths of their children. She explored these themes in her essays on black maternal grief.
Turner is a contributor to the African American Intellectual History Society.

## Awards and honors

* Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize
* Southern Association for Women Historians Julia Spurill Prize
* Latin American and Caribbean Section of the Southern Historical Association Murdo J. McLeod Prize
* African American Intellectual History Society Maria Stewart Prize
* Association for Black Women's History/Association of African American Life and History Letitia Woods Brown Memorial Prize
* Southern Historical Association of Women Historians A. Elizabeth Taylor Prize
* North American Conference on British Studies Judith R. Walkowitz Prize
* Latin American and Caribbean Section of the Southern Historical Association Kimberly Hanger Prize

## Selected publications

* Turner, Sasha (2019). Contested Bodies: pregnancy, childrearing, and slavery in Jamaica. [Place of publication not identified]: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2460-3. OCLC 1102467452.
* Turner, Sasha (2017). "The nameless and the forgotten: maternal grief, sacred protection, and the archive of slavery". Slavery & Abolition. 38 (2): 232–250. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2017.1316962. ISSN 0144-039X. OCLC 7065547784. S2CID 152228475.
* Turner, Sasha (1 January 2011). "Home-grown slaves: women, reproduction, and the abolition of the slave trade, Jamaica 1788-1807". Journal of Women's History. 23 (3): 39–62. doi:10.1353/JOWH.2011.0029. ISSN 1042-7961. PMID 22145181. Wikidata Q46935252.
# Air and Space Longevity Service Award

The Air and Space Longevity Service Award (ASLSA) is a military award of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force established as the Air Force Longevity Service Award by Air Force General Order 60, on 25 November 1957 by General Thomas D. White, Air Force Chief of Staff. The award was primarily created as an air force equivalent to the service stripes used by other branches of the United States military to denote years of military service. The award is retroactive to the establishment of the U.S. Air Force as an independent service in September 1947. The ribbon is also retroactive for any service with the U.S. Army Air Forces, U.S. Army Air Corps, or U.S. Army Air Service prior to the creation of the U.S. Air Force as a separate service as long as the serviceman was on active duty on or after 18 September 1947. On 16 November 2020, the Air Force Longevity Service Award was renamed to the Air and Space Longevity Service Award by the Secretary of the Air Force.

## Criteria

The Air and Space Longevity Service Award is awarded for completing four years of Active, Air Force Reserve, or Air National Guard service. For members of the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard, creditable service must have been in a drilling status with regular attendance of at least minimum monthly weekend drills and annual training. Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard mobilized to full-time active duty continue to accrue eligibility in the same manner as active duty Air Force personnel. Service as a student at a United States service academy, typically the USAF Academy, is also creditable so long as the member graduated. The ribbon is awarded to both officers and enlisted personnel, in contrast to service stripes which are only provided to enlisted members of the military.

## Appearance

The Air and Space Longevity Service Award is a ribbon-only award. It is ultramarine blue divided by four equal stripes of grotto blue. Oak leaf clusters are worn on the ribbon to indicate subsequent awards of the Air Force Longevity Service Award.
# Scrappy Moore

Scrappy Moore may refer to:
* Scrappy Moore (American football) (1903–1971), American football coach at the University of Chattanooga
* Scrappy Moore (baseball) (1892–1964), Major League Baseball player
# Ridit scoring

In statistics, ridit scoring is a statistical method used to analyze ordered qualitative measurements. The tools of ridit analysis were developed and first applied by Bross, who coined the term "ridit" by analogy with other statistical transformations such as probit and logit. A ridit describes how the distribution of the dependent variable in row i of a contingency table compares relative to an identified distribution (e.g., the marginal distribution of the dependent variable).

## Calculation of ridit scores
### Choosing a reference data set

Since ridit scoring is used to compare two or more sets of ordered qualitative data, one set is designated as a reference against which other sets can be compared. In econometric studies, for example, the ridit scores measuring taste survey answers of a competing or historically important product are often used as the reference data set against which taste surveys of new products are compared. Absent a convenient reference data set, an accumulation of pooled data from several sets or even an artificial or hypothetical set can be used.

### Determining the probability function

After a reference data set has been chosen, the reference data set must be converted to a probability function. To do this, let x$_1$, x$_2$,..., x$_n$ denote the ordered categories of the preference scale. For each j, x$_j$ represents a choice or judgment. Then, let the probability function p be defined with respect to the reference data set as
    $p_{j}=Prob({x_{j}}).$

### Determining ridits

The ridit scores, or simply ridits, of the reference data set are then easily calculated as
    $w_{j}=0.5p_{j}+\sum _{k<j}{p_{k}}.$
Each of the categories of the reference data set are then associated with a ridit score. More formally, for each $1\leq j\leq n$, the value w$_j$ is the ridit score of the choice x$_j$.

## Interpretation and examples

Intuitively, ridit scores can be understood as a modified notion of percentile ranks. For any j, if x$_j$ has a low (close to 0) ridit score, one can conclude that
    $\sum _{k<j}{Prob(x_{k})}$
is very small, which is to say that very few respondents have chosen a category "lower" than x$_j$.

## Applications

Ridit scoring has found use primarily in the health sciences (including nursing and epidemiology) and econometric preference studies.

## A mathematical approach

Besides having intuitive appeal, the derivation for ridit scoring can be arrived at with mathematically rigorous methods as well. Brockett and Levine presented a derivation of the above ridit score equations based on several intuitively uncontroversial mathematical postulates.
# Putumayo

Putumayo may refer to:
* Putumayo Department, Colombia
* Putumayo Province, Loreto Region, Peru
* Putumayo District, Putumayo Province, Loreto Region, Peru
* Putumayo Canton, Ecuador
* Putumayo River or Içá River, a river in South America
* Putumayo World Music, a record label
* Putumayo, a fictional store in the Seinfeld episode "The Millennium"
# Peklo milencov

"Peklo milencov" (Lovers' Hell) is a song by Marika Gombitová released on Jumbo Records in 1994.
The composition wrote Gombitová in common with Kamil Peteraj, and was issued as B-side on single "Paradiso", also written by themselves. Both songs were released on the singer's last studio album to date Zostaň (1994).

## Official versions

* "Peklo milencov" – Studio version, 1994

## Credits and personnel

* Marika Gombitová – songwriter, lead vocal
* Kamil Peteraj – lyrics
* Vašo Patejdl – producer
* Jumbo Records – copyright
# Antoine-Augustin Touttée

Antoine-Augustin Touttée (13 December 1677 – 25 December 1718) was a French Benedictine scholar of the Maurist Congregation.

## Life

Touttée was born at Riom, Puy-de-Dôme. He studied the humanities with the Oratorians at Riom, made vows at the Abbey of Vendôme, 29 October 1698, and was ordained priest in December, 1702. He taught philosophy at Vendôme from 1702 to 1704 and theology at Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire from 1704 to 1708, and at St-Denis from 1708 to 1712.

## Works

He then withdrew to St-Germain-des-Prés to prepare a new Greek edition and Latin translation of the works of Cyril of Jerusalem. He died at the Abbey of St. Germain-des-Prés, aged 41. His translation was issued after his death by Prudent Maran under the title: "S. Cyrilli Hiersolymit. opera quae extant omnia et ejus nomine circumferunter; ad mss. codd. castigata" (Paris, 1720; also in Patrologia Graeca, XXXIII). It is preceded by three learned dissertations on the life, writings, and doctrine of Cyril, and was at the time the standard edition.
# Roselle, Missouri

Roselle is an unincorporated community in northwest Madison County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is situated on Missouri Route 72, approximately 13 miles west of Fredericktown and five miles east of Ironton. Stouts Creek flows past the south of the community and the St. Francis River is about 1.5 miles east.

## History

A post office called Roselle was established in 1895, and remained in operation until 1959. Some say the community was named after Roselle, a circus performer who paid the town a visit, while others believe the community's name is an amalgamation of Rose and Ella, the daughters of a pioneer citizen.
# Riwon station

Riwŏn station is a railway station in North Korea on the P'yŏngra Line of the Korean State Railway.
* This article about a railroad station in North Korea is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Reginald Carr (librarian)

Reginald Philip Carr (born 20 February 1946) is an English librarian, who was Bodley's Librarian (head of the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford) from 1997 until his retirement in 2006. He is a member of the Christadelphian church.

## Life and writings

Carr was born in Manchester and educated at Manchester Grammar School before studying French and German at the University of Leeds (obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968 with first class honours) and the University of Manchester (obtaining a Master of Arts degree in 1971). He worked as an Assistant Librarian in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester between 1970 and 1976, and was also Librarian-in-Charge of the School of Education Library at Manchester from 1972 to 1976. After two years as Sub-Librarian (Reader Services) at the University of Surrey, he was Deputy Librarian at the University of Aston (1978 to 1980) and of the University of Cambridge (1980 to 1986). Between 1986 and 1996, Carr was University Librarian and Keeper of the Brotherton Collection in the University of Leeds, before being appointed as the 23rd holder of the position of Bodley's Librarian in Oxford from January 1997. In 2000 he established Oxford University Library Services, a new organisation that formally integrated Oxford's centrally-funded libraries, and he was its first director. Other work during his time as Director of Oxford University Library Services and Bodley's Librarian included setting up the Oxford Digital Library, extending the scope of legal deposit to cover electronic publications, and significant work on buildings and fundraising. During his time as Bodley's Librarian, he was also a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He retired in December 2006, and was given the title of Bodley's Librarian Emeritus. A book of essays in his honour was published in 2008.
In retirement Carr continued until 2010 as a Member of the Harvard University Library Visiting Committee, and until 2012 as a Trustee of the Chawton House Library and as a Member of the Council of Management of the Friends of the Bodleian Library. Since 2007 he has served as the Book Editor for The Testimony magazine, and in 2011 he edited a special issue of the magazine to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the publication of the Authorised Version of the Bible.
Carr's academic and professional publications include Anarchism in France: the case of Octave Mirbeau (1977) (based on his M.A. thesis), The Mandrake Press, 1929-30 (Cambridge University Library, 1985), An Introduction to University Library Administration (Clive Bingley, 1987, joint publication) and The Academic Research Library in a Decade of Change (Chandos, 2007), as well as numerous articles in both professional and academic journals. He has co-authored a comprehensive analysis of the use of the word 'Spirit' in the New Testament, and has written a study guide to the Biblical book of Micah, a collection of essays on Christadelphian faith, life and history, and several tracts about issues of Christian faith (The Miracle of the Bible: The word of God in print and The Christian and Politics).
# Radamel

Radamel is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Radamel Falcao (born 1986), Colombian footballer
* Radamel García (1957–2019), Colombian footballer, Falcao's father
# Ryan Gentles

Ryan Michael Gentles (born November 28, 1977) is an American music manager and the CEO of Wiz Kid Management. He is best known as the longtime manager of the New York City-based band The Strokes, whom he managed from 2000 until 2020.

## Career

Gentles began his career in the music industry as a musician; he was the vocalist and guitarist in the band Timmsie's First Time which broke up in 1995 and then The Selzers, which broke up in 2000. Matthew Romano, The Strokes' drum technician and back-up drummer, was also in both bands, playing drums. While in school, Gentles interned for future Strokes publicist Jim Merlis at Geffen Records and New York music venue Mercury Lounge. After graduating in 1999, he was hired by Mercury Lounge and shortly became their booker. He soon came in contact with The Strokes who asked him "three or four times to manage them" despite the fact that professional managers were courting the band. He became their manager in 2000 and, at the insistence of frontman Julian Casablancas, had an equal share in the profits of the band, untypical of the music industry. Gentles was contracted to be The Strokes exclusive manager for five years and continued to manage them. He played a starring role in their 2003 music video "The End Has No End." He has been considered to be "the sixth Stroke." After twenty years of managing The Strokes, Gentles and the band parted ways in October 2020.
Gentles established his management firm, Wiz Kid Management, in 2003. In the early 2000s, he managed musicians Adam Green and Ryan Adams for a brief period. In January 2008, he merged his company with that of music business veteran's Danny Goldberg to form Gold Village/Wiz Kid Management. In June 2014, Wiz Kid joined the management division of production company C3 Presents.
Beginning in the mid-2000s, Gentles also managed other Strokes members' musical projects, including Albert Hammond, Jr.'s solo career, Nick Valensi's band CRX, and Fabrizio Moretti's project Machinegum. Gentles played guitar on one track of Strokes-guitarist Albert Hammond, Jr.'s 2006 album, titled Yours to Keep.

## Management roster

Current artists
* ROMES
* School of Seven Bells
* Streets of Laredo
* machinegum
Former artists
* The Strokes
* The Moldy Peaches
* Adam Green
* Ryan Adams
* Hinds
* Albert Hammond, Jr.
* CRX
* The Hunts
* Rathborne
* Nightbox
# Remigijus Kriukas

Remigijus Kriukas (born 1961) is a Lithuanian painter.
# Sidney H. Liebson

Sidney H. Liebson (July 9, 1920 – February 7, 2017) received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1947. His thesis was on the discharge mechanism of Geiger–Müller counters. Liebson received a US Navy award for developing the first equipment used to identify enemy radar.
Liebson participated in atomic bomb testing in the Pacific, developing radiation detectors that were used to measure bomb characteristics. In a significant test, his detectors validated the feasibility of making the hydrogen bomb. At a time when electronics had not been able to make measurements with nanosecond accuracy, he developed several techniques to accomplish this accuracy for measuring organic fluorescence decay times and organic scintillation pulse widths by indirect means.
His 1947 invention of the use of halogen gas in Geiger–Müller tubes led to considerable benefits in reducing the voltage of operation and greatly extended the life of the tubes. All modern GM tubes use his halogen-based quench gas. This innovation occurred while he was working on his thesis. Liebson died on February 7, 2017.
# Richard of Andria

Richard was Bishop of Andria, Italy. He was appointed to the see of Andria by fellow Englishman Pope Adrian IV. In 1179, Richard was one of the Bishops present at the Eleventh Ecumenical Council (Third Lateran, 1179) held by Pope Alexander III. He remained in his office until his death, a period of well over 40 years.
In 1438, under the rule of Duke Francesco II Del Balzo, a woman putatively rediscovered his remains under the main altar of the Cathedral where it was claimed they had been hidden during the Hungarian invasions. Under the patronage of Federico, he was able to obtain Richard's canonization by Pope Eugene IV.
# Sesato

Sesato is a monotypic genus of African comb-footed spiders containing the single species, Sesato setosa. It was first described by Michael I. Saaristo in 2006, and is found on the Seychelles.
# Roselle Cros

Roselle Cros (born 27 August 1947) is a French politician. She represented the department of Yvelines in the French Senate as a member of the Union of Democrats and Independents – UC from 23 January 2011 to 30 September 2011.
Cros worked as a teacher and then was director general of services for the commune of Le Pecq from 1983 to 2000. She was regional councillor for Ile-de-France from 2004 to 2010 as a member of the Democratic Movement.
Cros replaced Nicolas About, who was named to the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel, in the Senate. She was defeated when she ran for reelection in 2011.
# Rita Walter

Rita Walter (née McLaughlin; March 8, 1951 – December 25, 2022) was an American actress, best known for her role as Carol Deming on the popular soap opera As the World Turns, which she played from May 1970 to December 1981.
Originally credited by her maiden name, Rita McLaughlin, she made her acting debut in the 1960s on The Patty Duke Show, in the uncredited role of Patty Duke's double. Prior to that, she was also one of Don Herbert's child assistants in the Watch Mr. Wizard television series and was featured in a TV commercial for Phillips Milk of Magnesia in 1967.
Walter's first daytime soap role was in 1966 as the original Wendy Phillips on The Secret Storm, but it would be a short stint. Four years later, in May 1970, she joined the ATWT cast as Carol Deming (and her later married names Hughes Stallings Andropoulos Frazier) until her exit from the serial on Christmas Day 1981. She also appeared in the 1985 movie Cry From the Mountain.
Walter, who had been married to Reverend Norman Walter since 1976, was an optician working at Warby Parker in Westfield, New Jersey. She has three children, Brian, Jillian and Amy, and 8 grandchildren.
Walter died on December 25, 2022, at the age of 71.
# 4040

4040, 40-40 or 40/40 may refer to:

## Computers

* Intel 4040, a microprocessor
* Commodore 4040, a model of floppy disk drive

## Roads

* County Road 4040 (Volusia County, Florida), a historic road
* A4040 road, a road in Birmingham, England

## Sports and games

* 40–40 club, a term in baseball
* The 40/40 Club, a sports bar chain
* Forty forty, a children's game

## Music

* 40/40 (The Carpenters album)
* 40/40: The Best Selection (Olivia Newton-John album)

## Other

* 4040 Purcell, an asteroid
# Sarsfieldstown Cross

Sarsfieldstown Cross is a wayside cross and National Monument located in County Meath, Ireland.

## Location

Sarsfieldstown Cross is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of Laytown.

## Description

Sarsfieldstown Cross is a late 16th-century memorial cross erected to remember Christopher Barnewall (1522–1575). The cross remains as a fragment of a shaft with figure sculpture in false relief and inscription. The inscription in Latin around the base reads: "Archbishop Octavian, Primate of all Ireland, has granted an indulgence in perpetuity, to every penitent, as often as they shall devoutly say an Our Father, and a Hail Mary, for the souls of Christopher Barnewall; Kt, and Elizabeth Plunket, and all the faithful departed."
# Renju International Federation

The Renju International Federation (RIF) is an international organization which was founded in Stockholm, Sweden on August 8, 1988. The main purpose of the federation is to unite all the Renju and gomoku national federations all over the world, organize international tournaments such as World Championships, together with other activities in renju and gomoku, and spread renju activities in the world. The federation carry out the General Assembly every two years.

## The Central Committee

The Central Committee is responsible to the current status of the Renju International Federation, together with the activities of the officials of the Federation. According to the status, there are 6 positions in the Central Committee.
| Position | Name | Country |
| President | Madli Mirme | Estonia |
| Vice President | Norihiko Kawamura | Japan |
| Vice President | Dmitry Epifanov | Russia |
| General Secretary | Aivo Oll | Estonia |
| Treasurer | Stefan Karlsson | Sweden |

## Members

The Renju International Federation was founded in 1988 by 3 founder members: Japan, Soviet Union and Sweden. Up to 2023, there have been 21 members in the Renju International Federation. The list of members follows.
| Member | Year of joining | Status |
| Japan | 1988 | Founder Member |
| Russia | 1988 | Founder Member |
| Sweden | 1988 | Founder Member |
| Canada | 2003 | Member |
| China | 1996 | Member |
| Macau, China | 2015 | Member |
| Chinese Taipei | 1999 | Member |
| Czech Republic | 2003 | Member |
| Estonia | 1988 | Member |
| Greece | 2016 | Member |
| Mongolia | 2023 | Member |
| South Korea | 2001 | Member |
| Poland | 2009 | Member |
| Turkey | 2015 | Member |
| Ukraine | 1988 | Member |
| Uzbekistan | 1999 | Member |
| Armenia | 1988 | Idle |
| Azerbaijan | 1988 | Idle |
| Belarus | 1988 | Idle |
| Finland | 2003 | Idle |
| Latvia | 1988 | Idle |
* ↑ Russia has inherited the place of the Soviet Union since 1992.