OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quantifier shift

A quantifier shift is a logical fallacy in which the quantifiers of a statement are erroneously transposed during the rewriting process. The change in the logical nature of the statement may not be obvious when it is stated in a natural language like English.

## Definition

The fallacious deduction is that: For every A, there is a B, such that C. Therefore, there is a B, such that for every A, C.
    $\forall x\,\exists y\,Rxy\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,Rxy$
However, an inverse switching:
    $\exists y\,\forall x\,Rxy\vdash \forall x\,\exists y\,Rxy$
is logically valid.

## Examples

1. Every person has a woman that is their mother. Therefore, there is a woman that is the mother of every person.
    $\forall x\,\exists y\,(Px\to (Wy\land M(yx)))\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,(Px\to (Wy\land M(yx)))$
It is fallacious to conclude that there is one woman who is the mother of all people.
However, if the major premise ("every person has a woman that is their mother") is assumed to be true, then it is valid to conclude that there is some woman who is any given person's mother.
2. Everybody has something to believe in. Therefore, there is something that everybody believes in.
    $\forall x\,\exists y\,Bxy\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,Bxy$
It is fallacious to conclude that there is some particular concept to which everyone subscribes.
It is valid to conclude that each person believes a given concept. But it is entirely possible that each person believes in a unique concept.
3. Every natural number $n$ has a successor $m=n+1$, the smallest of all natural numbers that are greater than $n$. Therefore, there is a natural number ${m}$ that is a successor to all natural numbers.
    $\forall n\,\exists m\,Snm\vdash \exists m\,\forall n\,Snm$
It is fallacious to conclude that there is a single natural number that is the successor of every natural number.
# Priapulidae

Priapulidae is the canonical family of priapulid worms, comprising Priapulus and Priapulosis as well as the Carboniferous genus Priapulites.

## Systematics

Classification and maximum trunk length:
* Family Priapulidae
** Genus Acanthopriapulus
*** Species A. horridus (24.5 mm)
** Genus Priapulopsis
*** Species P. australis (50 mm)
*** Species P. bicaudatus (100 mm)
*** Species P. cnidephorus (only known from a postlarval specimen)
** Genus Priapulus
*** Species P. abyssorum (30 mm)
*** Species P. caudatus (200 mm)
*** Species P. tuberculatospinosus (200 mm)
# Simon Ball

Simon Ball (born 1976) is a former American professional ballet dancer and was as a principal dancer with the Houston Ballet and the Boston Ballet.

## Early life and education

Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Ball trained with the School of American Ballet, the Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, The Conservatory of Point Park College, and American Ballet Theatre's School of Classical Ballet. At the age of 18, he received a gold medal from the 1994 USA International Ballet Competition in Jackson, Mississippi, and a gold medal at the 1994 Rudolf Nureyev International Ballet Competition in Budapest, Hungary.

## Career

After spending time performing as a guest artist in the United States and abroad, Ball joined Boston Ballet as member of the corps de ballet in 1995. He was promoted to soloist in 1996 and principal in 1999. He left Boston in 2003 to join Houston Ballet as a principal dancer.
His repertoire includes Prince in The Sleeping Beauty, the slave in Le Corsaire, Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the prince in Cinderella, Albrecht in Giselle, Romeo in Romeo and Juliet, Basilio in Don Quixote, Siegfried in Swan Lake, Colas in La Fille mal gardée, Vershinin in Winter Dreams, and Ivan in The Firebird.
In 1999, he was invited to perform at the Benois de la Danse in Berlin, Germany.

## Personal life

Ball's sister April is a Principal Dancer with Les Ballets de Monte Carlo and former principal dancer with Boston Ballet. In 1996 he married Frances Perez, while both were dancing with the Boston Ballet.
# A Passage into Forlorn

A Passage into Forlorn is the second studio album by Canadian death metal band Neuraxis. It was released on May 11, 2001, by Neoblast Records. It was released almost four years after the band's debut and features a new line-up, with only founding members guitarist Steven Henry and bassist Yan Thiel as returning members.
Like their debut, the album was self-released through the band's own label, Neoblast Records. After the band's signing with Galy Records and Earache Records, a compilation album was released featuring both A Passage into Forlorn and Imagery remastered.

## Personnel
### Neuraxis

* Ian Campbell – vocals
* Steven Henry – guitar, backing vocals, cover concept
* Robin Milley – guitar
* Yan Thiel – bass
* Alex Erian – drums

### Additional musician

* Benji – backing vocals on track 1, 3, 7

### Production

* Yannick St-Amand – sound engineering
* Air M.S. Studio – mixing, mastering (April 2000 – February 2001)

### Additional personnel

* Jason Lee Royer – artwork
* Timodi – multimedia
* This 2000s death metal album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sopot Wyścigi railway station

Sopot Wyścigi railway station is a railway station serving the city of Sopot, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1975 and is located on the Gdańsk Śródmieście–Rumia railway. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity.
The name is derived from nearby horse racing centre (pl. Wyscigi).
A number of sources, including a map from 1919 state that before World War II the stop Schmierau was located approximately 200 m closer to Gdańsk, at the height of the racecourse. Others report that it was a seasonal stop, run only during organised racing.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Szybka Kolej Miejska services (SKM) (Lębork -) Wejherowo - Reda - Rumia - Gdynia - Sopot - Gdansk
| Preceding station | SKM Tricity | SKM Tricity | SKM Tricity | Following station |
| Sopottowards Wejherowo or Lębork | | SKM Tricity | | Gdańsk Żabiankatowards Gdańsk Śródmieście |

## Gallery

* The station is decorated with jockeys on horses.
* In some places horseshoes can be seen on the platform
# Dandougou, Mali

Dandougou is a small town and seat of the commune of Dolendougou in the Cercle of Dioila in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali.
# Alteromonas hispanica

Alteromonas hispanica is a marine bacterium.
# 1st Ranger Company (New Zealand)

The 1st Ranger Company was a short-lived independent infantry company of the New Zealand Army. The initial training course drew all its directing staff from the New Zealand Special Air Service (NZSAS). The name 'Rangers' was chosen as a reference to Gustavus von Tempsky (1828–1868) who raised a fighting unit during the New Zealand Wars known as 'von Tempsky's Bush Rangers'. The company was raised in October 1987 and disbanded in late 1989.

## History

The Company was raised on 5 October 1987. A Defence White Paper had been published earlier that year that called for greater New Zealand defence self-reliance. At this time the New Zealand Special Air Service was preparing to provide high-level security for the 1990 Commonwealth Games, scheduled to be held in Auckland, New Zealand in 1990.
In October 1987 Captain Dave Gawn, Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment, was posted in as Officer Commanding.
In early 1988 selection and training commenced. Known as the 'Basic Ranger Course', the purpose was to 'identify volunteers suitable for service with 1 Ranger Company and to develop those individuals in the basic skills required to allow them to take their place within the unit'. All directing staff were drawn from the NZSAS.
The 1st Ranger Company never reached its authorised strength, and was disbanded in late 1989 due to a reduction in the Army's funding. Many years later, in 2013, Gawn was appointed Chief of Army.

## Selections

There were three parts:
* Part A-Selection, 8 to 20 June 1988
* Part B-Amphibious and Cliff Assault, 4th to 31 July 1988
* Part C- Parachute Training, 1st to 31 August 1988
Throughout the Basic Ranger Course, candidates were assessed by Directing Staff in the skills of weapon handling, field craft, navigation and physical fitness. Candidates were expected to show good judgement, assimilation of tactics, physical endurance, honesty/integrity, maturity, reaction under stress and participation.
At the conclusion of parts B&C, 27 soldiers were selected to serve in 1st NZ Ranger Company. NZSAS had recently adopted the sand coloured 'ecru' beret worn by the British SAS. Soldiers within Ranger Company were 'capped' with the maroon beret, associated with airborne units. They continued to were the unit badges associated with their original units; e.g. Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment, Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery.
# Qi Jingxuan

Qi Jingxuan (Chinese: 戚惊萱, pinyin Qī Jīngxuān; born 9 November 1947) is a Chinese chess player, who holds the title International Master. He won the Chinese Chess Championship In 1975 and 1978.
In 1985, Qi competed in the Interzonal tournament in Taxco, Mexico. He scored 6½ points in a field of 16 players, finishing in 11th place. He was the first male Chinese player to progress to the Interzonal level of the World Championship.
Qi was a member of the Chinese national chess team. He was part of the national team at the Chess Olympiad three times in 1978-1980, 1984. He played a total of 38 games scoring 16 wins, 12 draws and 10 losses.
He also competed once at the World Team Chess Championship (1985) having played a total of 8 games (1 wins, 3 draws, 4 losses); and four times at the Asian Team Chess Championship (1977–1983) having played 31 games (18 wins, 7 draws, 6 losses).
Qi plays for the Guangdong chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).
# Saint-Broingt-les-Fosses

Saint-Broingt-les-Fosses (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Roy Wynne

Roy W. Wynne (March 23, 1894 – September 22, 1977) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Chadron State College from 1925 to 1926 and Washburn University from 1927 to 1928, compiling a career college football coaching record of 18–18. Wynne was also the head basketball coach at Chadron State from 1925 to 1927 and at Washburn from 1927 to 1930, tallying a career college basketball coaching record of 45–38.

## Coaching career

Wynne the 19th head football coach at Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas, a position he held for two seasons, from 1927 until 1928, compiling a record of 3–14.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Chadron Normal Eagles (Nebraska College Athletic Conference) (1925–1926) ||||||
| 1925 | Chadron Normal | 9–0 | 6–0 | 1st |
| 1926 | Chadron Normal | 6–4 | 6–0 | 1st |
| Chadron Normal: | Chadron Normal: | 15–4 | 12–0 | |
| Washburn Ichabods (Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference) (1927) ||||||
| 1927 | Washburn | 1–7 | 1–6 | T–13th |
| Washburn Ichabods (Central Intercollegiate Conference) (1928) ||||||
| 1928 | Washburn | 2–7 | 1–5 | 6th |
| Washburn: | Washburn: | 3–14 | 2–11 | |
| Total: | Total: | 17–33–6 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Ship camel

A ship camel is an external flotation tank that can be fitted to a ship to increase her buoyancy or reduce her draught. Its inner walls may be concave and curve to fit the hull of the ship. The ship camels are partially sunk using water ballast, fitted to the ship in opposed pairs, and the water is then pumped out again. The increased displaced volume provided by the camels allows the system to float at a reduced draught.

## History

The ship camel was invented in 1690 by the Dutchman Meeuwis Meindertsz Bakker to allow large ships of the line to cross shallow banks that isolated the harbour of Amsterdam from the open sea. In April, he tested the device with the large ship of the line Princess Maria, which was sailed over the shallow waters of Pampus in the Zuiderzee. The Admiralty of Amsterdam rewarded Bakker for his invention.
The camel was mostly used in the Dutch Golden Age for accessing the shallow waters at Pampus, which were unreachable for large merchant ships. Instead of a real ship camel, sometimes light (sailing) ships were used to lift a ship. The merchant ship was raised from the middle, and if the direction of the wind was favourable, the ship could then sail on to Amsterdam. At the beginning of the 19th century, the difficulties of getting stuck in the Zuiderzee led to a canal being built through Waterland (an area of North Holland) and Marken. But after the failure of that project, the Noordhollandsch Kanaal was dug.
In the early 19th century, French engineer Mathurin-François Boucher went to Holland to study the system, and successfully applied it on the 74-gun ships Rivoli and Mont Saint-Bernard, allowing construction of 74-gun ships in Venice harbour by lifting them to cross the pass of Malamocco.
In C. S. Forester's 1945 novel The Commodore, set in 1812, one of the vessels under the command of Horatio Hornblower uses camels to reduce its draught during bombardment of French troops besieging Riga in the Baltic Sea.
Ship camels were also used on the barge Louqsor to facilitate her crossing of Bogaz.
* Dutch warship in camels (Gerard Groenewegen, 1789)
* Model of the Rivoli as she exited Venice harbour.
* Schematics of the barge Louqsor crossing Bogaz
# Dandridge (character)

Doctor Spartacus Dandridge is a fictional character appearing in British comic anthology 2000 AD, created by Alec Worley and Warren Pleece. First appearing in a Past Imperfect story in 2009, Dandridge has since become a ghost tracking and destroying evil spirits and poltergeist, aided by his assistant, Shelley.

## Characters

* Doctor Spartacus Dandridge - A ghost hunter
* Shelley - Dandridge's assistant
# Alteromonas stellipolaris

Alteromonas stellipolaris is a marine bacterium.
# 2017–18 Moldovan National Division (basketball)

The 2017–18 Moldovan National Division season, was the 27th season of the top basketball league in Moldova.
Basco are the defending champions.

## Competition format

Five teams joined the regular season, played as a double-legged round-robin tournament. The four best qualified teams joined the playoffs, that would be played in a best-of-five format.

## Teams

| Team | City |
| Basco | Bălți |
| Gama-Sind | Cahul |
| Rîbnița | Rîbnița |
| Speranța | Chișinău |
| USMF | Chișinău |

## Regular season
### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Basco | 8 | 8 | 0 | 773 | 503 | +270 | 16 | Qualification to the playoffs |
| 2 | Speranța | 8 | 4 | 4 | 716 | 717 | −1 | 12 | Qualification to the playoffs |
| 3 | Gama-Sind | 8 | 4 | 4 | 697 | 626 | +71 | 12 | Qualification to the playoffs |
| 4 | Rîbnița | 8 | 4 | 4 | 657 | 683 | −26 | 12 | Qualification to the playoffs |
| 5 | USMF | 8 | 0 | 8 | 461 | 775 | −314 | 8 | |

## Playoffs

Playoffs started on 4 March 2018 and ended on 6 May 2018. Teams that placed better at the end of the regular season played games 1, 2 and 5 at home.
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| Basco | Basco | Basco | 94 | 91 | 83 |
| Rîbnița | Rîbnița | Rîbnița | 66 | 74 | 62 | | | | | | |
| Rîbnița | Rîbnița | Rîbnița | 66 | 74 | 62 | Basco | Basco | Basco | 106 | 92 | 74 |
| | | | | | | Gama-Sind | Gama-Sind | Gama-Sind | 58 | 70 | 62 |
| Speranța | Speranța | 85 | 84 | 86 | 86 | Gama-Sind | Gama-Sind | Gama-Sind | 58 | 70 | 62 |
| Gama-Sind | Gama-Sind | 86 | 81 | 102 | 113 | | | | | | |
| Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| Speranța | Speranța | Speranța | 75 | 98 | 58 |
| Rîbnița | Rîbnița | Rîbnița | 87 | 108 | 90 |
# Qi Junzao

Qi Junzao (Chinese: 祁寯藻; July 11, 1793 – October 22, 1866) was a Chinese politician and calligrapher. Considered one of the "four great calligraphers" of the 1800s in China, he was also a prominent poet. He later became leader of the Grand Council of the Qing dynasty's imperial court.
Qi Juanzao was Han Chinese and had special influence in the Daoguang and Xianfeng eras. He was an exponent of the Song school of Chinese poetry.

## Literature

* Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Ch'i Chün-tsao" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. Vol. I. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 125–126.
# Saint-Brisson

Saint-Brisson (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## Points of interest

* Herbularium du Morvan
# 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's singles

The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships women's singles was the 38th edition of the women's singles championship. Cao Yanhua defeated Geng Lijuan in the final by three sets to one, to win the title.

## Results

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Cao Yanhua | 21 | 19 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Yoon Kyung-mi | 11 | 21 | 9 | 12 | Cao Yanhua | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tong Ling | 21 | 21 | 21 | | Tong Ling | 22 | 16 | 19 | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alice Pelikanova | 12 | 15 | 12 | | | | | | | | Cao Yanhua | 21 | 21 | 16 | 19 | 21 | | | | | |
| Ni Xialian | 21 | 21 | 22 | | | | | | | | Qi Baoxiang | 13 | 7 | 21 | 21 | 15 | | | | | |
| Bettine Vriesekoop | 11 | 16 | 20 | | Ni Xialian | 13 | 21 | 13 | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Qi Baoxiang | 21 | 21 | 21 | | Qi Baoxiang | 21 | 16 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mok Ka Sha | 8 | 14 | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cao Yanhua | 21 | 21 | 10 | 21 |
| Geng Lijuan | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Geng Lijuan | 12 | 16 | 21 | 16 |
| Maria Alboiu | 5 | 19 | 15 | | Geng Lijuan | 16 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jiao Zhimin | 21 | 23 | 21 | | Jiao Zhimin | 21 | 21 | 12 | 17 | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Yang Young-ja | 13 | 21 | 14 | | | | | | | | Geng Lijuan | 19 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 21 | | | | | |
| Pang Chun-Dok | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | Dai Lili | 21 | 19 | 22 | 19 | 17 | | | | | |
| Olga Nemeș | 14 | 18 | 18 | | Pang Chun Dok | 10 | 12 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dai Lili | 21 | 21 | 21 | | Dai Lili | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fliura Bulatova | 9 | 12 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Rivetina excellens

Rivetina excellens is a species of praying mantis in the family Rivetinidae.
# Akweteyman

Akweteyman is a town in the Okaikwei North Municipal, a district of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
# Sam Houston Award Medal
## Eligibility

The Sam Houston Award Medal is a medal within the awards and decorations of the Texas State Guard Nonprofit Association that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces. This includes Air National Guard, Army National Guard, and State Guard.

## Use

The Sam Houston Award Medal is awarded by the Texas State Guard Nonprofit Association for exceptional achievement furthering the aims and goals of the Nation, State, Community, Texas Military Forces, and the Texas State Guard Nonprofit Association. The nominee must be considered a visionary whose distinguished service was conducted with the highest military standard of integrity, leadership, patriotism, and professionalism. The actions of the nominee must include 5 years of service to Texas Military Forces or the Association. The nominee must also be a current member or associate member of the Texas State Guard Nonprofit Association or must be a current or former member of the Military Forces of the State of Texas. Second and additional receipt of this award is indicated by a gold star.
# Simon Lamunière

Simon Lamunière (born 1961 in Geneva) is a Swiss contemporary artist, art curator and advisor.

## Career

Trained as an artist at the School of Visual Arts in Geneva (today HEAD) followed by a postgraduate course at the Schule für Gestaltung in Basel, Simon Lamunière has received grants for a residence at the Cité internationale des arts in Paris and at the Akademie Schloss Solitude, Stuttgart, and received twice a Swiss Art Award. Between 1987 and 2003, he produced, books, videos, installations and digital art works. He has participated to solo and group shows in Paris, New-York, Lisbonne, Frankfurt and in Switzerland. His last known exhibition as an artist was at the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain or MAMCO, Geneva, in 2003.
His experience as curator began at the Centre pour l'image contemporaine (CIC) in 1987 with the International Video Week, one of the first video festivals in Switzerland and Europe.
In 2000 he was appointed curator of Art|Unlimited at Art Basel, a function he held until 2011.
Since 2007, Lamuniere conceived a large public art project and was the project manager of Neon Parallax within the (FMAC) and the Canton Contemporary Art Fund (FCAC) of Geneva. Located on the largest public square of Geneva, this site-specific art project invited Swiss and international artists to create luminous artworks and neon signs for building roofs in the same way as advertising signs are placed on the Geneva lakeside. The project has been awarded the swiss Prix Visarte 2017.
In 2009, Simon Lamunière was the Director of "Utopics""(interview), the 11th Swiss Exhibition of Sculptures, a quinquennial exhibition launched in 1954 by Marcel Joray in the field of contemporary art in public space in Biel/Bienne in the Canton of Bern.
Lamunière is known for expanding usual exhibition contexts and developing large scale projects. He has for example co-curated site-specific or public art exhibitions in particular locations such as a cemetery for Open End.
From 2020 to 2023 he has directed OPEN HOUSE an exhibition on temporary housing in the fields of design, architecture, art and humanitarian aid. 35 shelters and pavilions were shown by Swiss and international participants among which Andrea Zittel, Atelier Van Lieshout, Carla Juaçaba, Didier Faustino, Frida Escobedo, Ken Isaacs, Kerim Seiler, Lang/Baumann, Matti Suuronen's Futuro, Rahbaran Hürzeler Architects.
# Rivetina karateginica

Rivetina karateginica is a species of praying mantis in the family Rivetinidae.
# Sons of Thunder (band)

The Sons of Thunder were a Christian rock band named for two of Jesus' disciples, James and John, to whom Jesus gave the name "Boanerges, which is Sons of Thunder". The group was formed in 1967 by Blaine Smith along with Robin Woodhams, Don Williamson, Joan Hettenhouser, and Donna Gadling and are now considered to be one of the original groundbreaking contemporary Christian Music pioneers. Youth Pastor, Russ Cadle, suggested and encouraged the group to form with the support of Dr. Richard C. Halverson, pastor of Fourth Presbyterian Church in Bethesda, Maryland. Their first album, Till the Whole World Knows, was released in 1968 by Zondervan Recordings.

## Original Live Recordings Discovered

A number of live shows performed by the Sons Of Thunder, many at the Forum Tea House and Gallery on M Street in Washington, D.C.'s Georgetown were recorded by Stan Kriz, the band's sound engineer. These performances are now available on YouTube in a slightly edited but largely verbatim form, which displays a compilation of performances from June 19, 20 and 29 at the Forum, as well a two other songs recorded at different times. The video also features a number of rare still photos and other pictographic history.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album |
| 1968 | Till The Whole World Knows |
| 1972 | Day Follows Night |
| 1973 | Live at Virginia Beach |
| 1974 | Rock Gospel |