OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sam Wineburg

Samuel S. Wineburg (born 1958) is an American educational and cognitive psychologist. He is the Margaret Jacks Professor of Education and, by courtesy, of History & American Studies emeritus at Stanford University.
Since the 1990s, Wineburg has been a leading figure in research on historical thinking and the teaching and learning of history. Wineburg's work has proved foundational in establishing a "heuristic" stream of research on historical thinking which seeks to close the gap between the critical and interpretive work of historians and the fact-based work of students. Wineburg's more recent work has focused on how individuals evaluate the reliability of digital information.

## Early life and education

Sam Wineburg was born in 1958. He was raised in Utica, New York in a Reform Jewish family.
Wineburg attended Brown University, where he studied under Jacob Neusner. Neusner told Wineburg "you will have to leave Brown to become Jewishly educated," prompting Wineburg to spend a year and a half in Israel studying Hebrew and living on kibbutzes. Upon his return to the United States, Wineburg transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated with a degree in the history of religion. Wineburg earned his Ph.D. in Psychological Studies in Education at Stanford University in 1990, where Lee Shulman served as his advisor.

## Research Career

Wineburg's work has formed the foundation for one of two dominant streams of research on historical thinking in the United States. Wineburg argues that while historians critically analyze documents and examine the motives of authors, American students of history are relegated to the task of "searching for facts." According to Wineburg, this "breach" between school and academia can be addressed through three historical thinking heuristics: sourcing, contextualization, and corroboration. Wineburg defines heuristics as "sense-making activities [that] help their user resolve contradictions, see patterns and make distinctions among different types of evidence." Wineburg's approach "has been criticized for its overemphasis on a disciplinary form of knowledge more attuned to academic education than to the broader educational context and its attention to civic republicanism and the sociocultural milieu in which history learning takes place."
Wineburg co-founded the Stanford History Education Group in 2002 and became a member of the National Academy of Education in 2015.

### Verified

In 2023, Wineburg and Mike Caulfield released their book Verified: How to Think Straight, Get Duped Less, and Make Better Decisions About What to Believe Online. It provides a guide on how to use Caulfield's 'SIFT' method to quickly figure out what is likely or unlikely to be true.
# Reibnitz

Reibnitz may refer to:
* Günther von Reibnitz (1894–1983), a German cavalry officer
* Karl Gustav Hans Otto Freiherr von Reibnitz, a minister-president of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
* Princess Michael of Kent (born 1945), a member of the British royal family, born Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz
* Rybnica, Jelenia Góra County, a Polish village known as Reibnitz in German
# Roads & Bridges

Roads & Bridges magazine is a trade publication serving construction and maintenance professionals and heavy equipment manufacturers. The magazine was created by Scranton Gillette Communications in 1906. It provides industry news, information on relevant equipment and safety recommendations and has been cited in studies of American infrastructure. Roads & Bridges works with associations such as AASHTO, AEM, ESWP and Artba. Content is distributed through print, online, live events, custom media, and webinars.
Roads & Bridges presents multiple annual awards and produces yearly Top 10 Roads & Top 10 Bridges Lists. As of July 2013, Roads & Bridges had 61,000 subscribers for its print edition.
# Serukeirewa

Elenoa Serukeirewa (1875–1930) was a Fijian Adi.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Ro Waisea. L. Qioniwailevu and Adi Veniana Draukibei. Ro Waisea was the "Vunivalu na Vosaibaleni" of the Yavusa Nawainovo from the tokatoka Nauluvatu. Adi Elenoa was the last member of this lineage. Before she died in 1930, she held the title "Vunivalu na Vosaibaleni", inheriting it from her father. She was also the last person to have been installed to this position. Her village was Kasavu, now located in the province and district of Naitasiri. Formerly, this village consisted of three tribes, including the Yavusa Nawainovo, where the "Marama na Vunivalu" is from, and which comprises the Mataqali Vunivesi. The other two tribes were the Yavusa Sawa, consisting of the Mataqali Rokoraite, and the Yavusa Burenitu, consisting of the Mataqali Aisokula, Rokotuinakoro, Vunileba, Tabuicovi and Naisogo. However, after the sitting of the Native Lands Commission the three tribes were combined into one known as the Burenitu tribe.
Adi Elenoa married the "Gone Toga" of Rewa, Senitiki Tupou, who was the first Fijian magistrate. They met while the Gone Toga was posted to Naduruloulou, in Kasavu. The Gone Toga was from the Mataqali Vusamatai of the Yavusa Nailarube.He is the son of Ratu Manoa Nagatalevu, the Turaga na Gone Toga and Adi Ana Lelea. He died while serving his judicial duties in Vunidawa and was laid to rest at Namotobau, Seatura, in the District of Rara, Naitasiri.
The title of the "Marama na Vosaibaleni" originated from Ucunivanua in Verata. The title was said to be the twin title of the "Ratu mai Verata". The Vosaibaleni is name of the twin brother of the Ratu, who, according to Fijian tradition, took the form of a snake upon birth, hence the title Vunivalu na Vosaibaleni. Since her death in 1930, no-one has been installed into the position, even though the "Turaga ni Yavusa Burenitu" now performs the function of this title. The main reason why the position has been vacant ever since her death was because Adi Elenoa was born into a family of one. She did not have any other siblings and that all her children were registered in the Vola ni Kawabula of Nailarube. The structure of her village changed much after the sitting of the Native Lands Commission.
# Real Love (Jody Watley song)

"Real Love" is a song by American singer Jody Watley from her second studio album, Larger Than Life (1989). The single reached the number-one spot on the US Billboard Hot Black Singles and Dance Club Play charts. On the US Billboard Hot 100, "Real Love" peaked at number two for two weeks in May 1989. The song was also nominated for a Soul Train Music Award for Best Female Single.

## Music video

The music video premiered in March 1989. During mid-1989, Watley's "Real Love" video, directed by David Fincher, was nominated for six MTV Video Music Awards including Breakthrough Video, Best Art Direction, Best Dance Video, and Best Female Video at the 1989 award show. That record was held until Michael Jackson's and Janet Jackson's "Scream" received eleven VMA nominations in 1995.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Female Video for "Real Love" |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Dance Video for "Real Love" |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Direction for "Real Love" |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Art Direction for "Real Love" |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Editing for "Real Love" |
| 1989 | MTV Video Music Award nomination for Breakthrough Video for "Real Love" |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United States | March 18, 1989 | 7-inch vinyl12-inch vinylcassette | MCA |
| United Kingdom | March 28, 1989 | 7-inch vinyl12-inch vinylCD | MCA |
| Japan | April 25, 1989 | Mini-CD | MCA |
# ASD Ponziana

Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Ponziana (formerly Circolo Sportivo Ponziana 1912) is an Italian association football club based in the city of Trieste, founded in 1912.
Currently playing in the Promozione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the 7th level of the Italian football league, Ponziana however did spend some time in the Yugoslav First League following World War II, due to the city of Trieste's unique political situation at this time. Trieste's other club, Triestina, remained in the Italian League during this period.
Ponziana also competed in the Campionato Alta Italia 1944.
Past players include Giovanni Galeone, Erminio Asin and Guglielmo Cudicini, whose son Fabio and grandson Carlo both also went on to be professional players.
Past managers include Pietro Pasinati.
# Psyllo

Psyllo is a genus of Central African orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Psyllo nitida. It was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1899, and has only been found in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Redox Biology

Redox Biology is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal and an official journal of the Society for Redox Biology and Medicine and the Society for Free Radical Research-Europe. The journal covers research on redox biology, aging, signaling, biological chemistry and medical implications of free radicals for health and disease. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2020 impact factor is 11.799.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in ADONIS, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, EMBASE, EMBiology, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus and Toxicology Abstracts.
# Ruby Part

Ruby Docie Quarrell Part (1894 – 1969) was a British trade unionist and political activist.
Born in Swindon, Part trained as a milliner and moved to Bristol. Shocked by working conditions, in 1913 she joined the Workers' Union, and soon began working full-time as a union organiser, in Somerset, opening a chain of branches for women glovemakers. She later became the union's national women's organiser. She also joined the Independent Labour Party and the No More War Movement.
In 1928, Part married John Davies, a prominent figure in the Workers' Educational Association, and she became Ruby Davies. She stood for the Labour Party in Wells at the 1929 UK general election, taking third place, with 15% of the vote.
# Sherman Township, Kansas

Sherman Township is the name of a number of places in the U.S. state of Kansas:
* Sherman Township, Clay County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Crawford County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Decatur County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Dickinson County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Ellsworth County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Grant County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Leavenworth County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Ottawa County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Pottawatomie County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Riley County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Washington County, Kansas
# Red Miller (baseball)

Leo Alphonso "Red" Miller (February 11, 1897 – October 20, 1973) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. Miller played for the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1923 season. In one career game, he had a 0-0 record with a 32.40 ERA. Miller allowed six runs on six hits, in 1.7 innings pitched. He batted and threw right-handed.
Miller was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and died in Orlando, Florida.
# Robert Arntfield

Robert Arntfield is a Canadian intensivist, medical educator, researcher, and entrepreneur. His specialty is in cardiorespiratory physiology, resuscitation, and the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. He is a Professor of Medicine and Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, and is the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre. He is also the founder of the medical technology company Deep Breathe.

## Education

Arntfield received an undergraduate degree in computer science and biochemistry from Queen’s University in 2000. He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from Western University in 2004. He has been board-certified in emergency medicine and critical care medicine.
Following the completion of his medical degree, Arntfield completed an ultrasound fellowship at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.
Arntfield is a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer and holds a diplomate in adult echocardiography with the National Board of Echocardiography.

## Career

Arntfield is a Professor of Medicine and the Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University, located in London, Ontario. He is also the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre.
In May 2020, Arntfield began work with a research team at Lawson Health Research Institute to investigate how artificial intelligence systems can be used to diagnose COVID-19 through patterns in lung scans. During the project, a study involved the real-time validation of a lung ultrasound learning model in intensive care units, demonstrating high accuracy in identifying B-line patterns in critically ill patients. This system also demonstrated high accuracy and surpassed physicians in detecting COVID-19 in lung ultrasounds. This system became the first product for his medical technology company, Deep Breathe, which he founded in 2021.
Arntfield is the founder and CEO of the medical technology company Deep Breathe. He founded Deep Breathe on the premise of democratizing medical ultrasound through increased use of point-of-care diagnostics and artificial intelligence automation. The company provides artificial intelligence software to automate the interpretation of medical images. The intended use is in conjunction with handheld, point-of-care lung ultrasound technology which the company purports can enable healthcare providers to diagnose various lung conditions with speed, accuracy, and objectivity. Currently, the software utilizes Deep Breathe’s archive of lung ultrasound images, which is the largest in the world and spans over a decade of clinical research.

## Publications

Arntfield co-authored the textbook Point of Care Ultrasound. The book has received the British Medical Association’s President's Choice Award and was Highly Commended in Internal Medicine in 2015. His research has been published by the American College of Chest Physicians, Emergency Medical Clinics of North America, and the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography.
# Senator LaValle

Senator LaValle may refer to:
* Gerald LaValle (1932–2018), Pennsylvania State Senate
* Kenneth LaValle (born 1939), New York State Senate
# ASD Pisoniano

Associazione Sportiva Dilettante Pisoniano is an Italian association football club located in Pisoniano, Lazio. It played in the Eccellenza Lazio. Its colors are green and blue.
# Psyllobora plagiata

Psyllobora plagiata is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Redox Brands

Redox Brands was a marketing company formed in 2000 by Todd Wichmann and Richard Owen, former executives with the multinational consumer products firm Procter & Gamble (P&G). The company's first product was Oxydol brand purchased from P&G. P&G would continue manufacturing Oxydol and provide back office support. Redox had won out over private label companies in the purchase of Oxydol. Biz was purchased in an auction from P&G in the Summer of 2000. Forbes estimated that Oxydol was sold for $7 million and Biz for greater than $40 million. In one year, Oxydol sales were 800% greater than when acquired.
In March 2001, Allied Capital made its first investment in Redox and made an additional investment in August 2002. In 2002, Wichmann left Redox for another startup, HealthPro Brands.
Allied Capital acquired ChemPro, Inc. in March 2006. Allied then merged Redox and ChemPro, Inc., with the resulting company being renamed CR Brands.

## Brands

* Biz
* Oxydol
# Aeropolis 2001

The Aeropolis 2001 is a proposed 500-story high-rise building over Tokyo Bay in Japan, envisioned by Obayashi Corporation. With a height of 2,001 metres (6,565 ft), the mammoth structure would have been approximately five times as tall as the former World Trade Center in New York City.
The Aeropolis 2001 was proposed in 1989, amid a spate of similar projects for incredibly large buildings. All were proposed during the Japanese asset price bubble, which ended in the early 1990s. According to a 1995 article, the corporation still had plans for the structure, and gave a proposed height of 2,079 metres (6,821 ft).
At the time it proposed Aeropolis 2001, Obayashi Corp. also proposed building a city on the moon by 2050. Newspapers have reported little on either proposal since 1995.

## Proposed details

Newspapers reported that plans called for the building to have 500 floors accommodating over 300,000 working inhabitants and 140,000 live-in residents. The structure was expected to be mixed-use, including restaurants, offices, apartments, cinemas, schools, hospitals, and post offices. It would have offered eleven square kilometers of floor space.
A shuttle lift, with 300 seats, would have gone from the ground floor to the top floor in 15 minutes, and stopped at every 40th floor. The proposal called for the tower to be fully sustainable and air conditioned.
# Sherman Township, Mason County, Michigan

Sherman Township is a civil township of Mason County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,127 at the 2020 census.

## History

The township was organized in 1867. It was named for William Tecumseh Sherman, a Union Army general.

## Geography

Sherman Township is in central Mason County. The village of Fountain is in the northeast part of the township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.29 square miles (93.99 km$^2$), of which 36.23 square miles (93.84 km$^2$) are land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$), or 0.15%, are water. The township is drained by the north and south branches of the Lincoln River, a west-flowing tributary of Lake Michigan.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,090 people, 414 households, and 313 families residing in the township. The population density was 30.1 inhabitants per square mile (11.6/km$^2$). There were 509 housing units at an average density of 14.1 per square mile (5.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.32% White, 0.64% African American, 0.92% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 2.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.
There were 414 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $34,083, and the median income for a family was $37,368. Males had a median income of $31,324 versus $21,548 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,251. About 4.1% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Prok, Nepal

Prok is a village development committee in Gorkha District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 739 and had 219 houses in the village.
# Robby Schlund

Robby Schlund (born 19 February 1967) is a German politician for the populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and from 2017 to 2021 member of the Bundestag, the federal legislative body.

## Biography

Schlund was born 1967 in the East German town of Gera and was a professional soldier in the state socialist National People's Army of the GDR.
Schlund entered the newly founded populist AfD and delineates himself as a member of the right-wing factional cluster 'Der Flügel' (the wing) around Björn Höcke.
After the 2017 German federal election he became a member of the Bundestag.
# Serkan Aydın

Serkan Aydın (born May 20, 2000) is a Turkish professional basketball player, who lastly played for Galatasaray of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroCup.

## Career

Serkan Aydın started his career with Galatasaray academy in 2011, after successful tryouts.
On January 22, 2017, he made his BSL debut by playing 2 minutes against Büyükçekmece.
# Sumanapala

Sumanapala is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Sumanapala Dahanayake (1929–?), Sri Lankan politician
* Raja Sumanapala (1936–2003), Sri Lankan actor
* Rathna Sumanapala (born 1940), Sri Lankan actress
# Sherman Township, Kossuth County, Iowa

Sherman Township is a township in Kossuth County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Sherman Township was organized in 1883.
# Projovellania

Projovellania is an extinct nautiloid cephalopod belonging to the oncocerid family Jovellaniidae found in mid Silurian sediments in Europe. The shell is a longiconic cyrtocone, like that of Jovellania or Mixosiphonoceras, except for being compressed rather than depressed.
# Reef (novel)

Reef is a historical fiction novel written by Sri Lankan-born British author Romesh Gunesekera, first published by Granta Books in 1994. Written in English and set in Sri Lanka, it tells the story of a talented young chef named Triton who is so committed to pleasing his master, Mr. Salgado, a marine biologist obsessed with swamps and seafood, that he is oblivious to the political unrest threatening his country. It is Gunesekera's debut novel and second book, following his 1992 collection of short stories, Monkfish Moon.
It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994, but lost to How Late It Was, How Late by James Kelman amid much controversy; and the Guardian Fiction Prize the same year.

## Plot

Triton is a young chef who was forced to leave his father's house to work for Mr. Ranjan Salgado, a marine biologist obsessed by swamps, sea movements, and a Sri Lankan island's disappearing reef. Almost immediately, thanks to his master's obsessions, Triton works hard to please him with his carefully prepared delicacies. But neither of them know that the political unrest threatening Sri Lanka will have a devastating influence on them, most significantly on Triton. A kind of radical uprise of violent Marxist furor is introduced through the character of Wijetunga.

## Awards and nominations
### Awards

* 1997 Premio Mondello Five Continents Asia Prize - Winner
* 1994 Yorkshire Post First Work Prize - Winner
* 1994 New Voice Award - Winner
* 1994 The Economist Book of the Month

### Nominations

* 1996 International Dublin Literary Award - Longlisted
* 1994 Booker Prize - Shortlisted
* 1994 Guardian Fiction Prize - Shortlisted