OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Spencer Smith

John Spencer Smith FRS (11 September 1769 – 5 June 1845) was a British diplomat, politician and writer.
Husband of Constance Smith (née Herbert) (Byron's Florence).

## Career

Smith joined the British Army in 1790 as an ensign, later promoted to lieutenant. When France declared war on Britain in February 1793 he was in Turkey with his elder brother, Sidney Smith, who obtained a position for him in the British embassy in Constantinople. He was private secretary to the ambassador, Robert Liston, and was chargé d'affaires after Liston left Constantinople in November 1795. He was formally appointed Secretary of Legation in 1798 and continued to serve as chargé d'affaires ad interim.
Smith left Constantinople in 1801 and arrived in England just in time to be invited to stand for Parliament for the borough of Dover in the United Kingdom general election of 1802. While he was a member of parliament he was sent on a mission as Envoy Extraordinary to Württemberg in 1803–04. This mission was interpreted by the French as espionage and used to justify the kidnap of Sir George Rumbold at Hamburg.
Smith withdrew from Dover at the general election of 1806 and soon afterwards settled in Normandy where he wrote on a variety of scholarly subjects. He died at Caen on 5 June 1845.
# Secondary State Highway 11C

There were two secondary state highways in Washington numbered 11C:
* Secondary State Highway 11C (Washington 1937-1953), now SR 23 between Steptoe and Sprague
* Secondary State Highway 11C (Washington 1961-1970), now SR 240 west of SR 224
# Reformed United Liberia Party

The Reformed United Liberia Party (RULP) is a political party in Liberia. It fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections.
RULP candidate William V.S. Tubman, Jr. won 1.6% of the vote in the presidential poll. The party failed to win any seats in the Senate or House of Representatives.
The party was disqualified from contesting the 2011 presidential and legislative elections.
# Saved by Love (film)

Saved by Love is a 1908 silent film short directed by Edwin S. Porter and produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company. It featured the screen debut of actress Miriam Nesbitt.

## Cast

* Florence Turner
* Pat O'Malley
* Walter Edwin
* Miriam Nesbitt
# 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.53) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + 2 H$^+$
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, NAD$^+$, and H$_2$O, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, NADH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called 4-HPAL dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism.
# Saturday (Ocean Colour Scene album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Saturday is the ninth studio album by Ocean Colour Scene and first album by the band to be released on the Cooking Vinyl independent record label. The album was produced by Gavin Monaghan, who is also known for his work with Editors, Scott Matthews, Nizlopi and The Twang and engineered by Gazz Rogers. Saturday previously had the working title of 'Blue Sky Drinking' which was changed to 'Rockfield' and again shortly before its release to its eventual name of 'Saturday'. The first single to be released from the album was 'Magic Carpet Days' as a digital download only single, the single failed to chart. Upon its release Saturday débuted and peaked at #35 in the Official UK Album Chart.
The song Harry Kidnap was written in tribute to John Weller, the deceased father of Paul Weller, and Steve Cradock contributes lead vocals to his own song composition 'Postal'.
The album is to be released on limited edition green vinyl for the first time as part of Record Store Day 2021.

## Track listing

All songs written by Simon Fowler, Steve Cradock and Oscar Harrison, unless otherwise noted.
* "100 Floors of Perception"
* "Mrs Maylie"
* "Saturday" (Fowler, Cradock, Harrison, Sealey)
* "Just a Little Bit of Love"
* "Old Pair of Jeans" (Andy Bennett, Lee Burn)
* "Sing Children Sing"
* "Harry Kidnap" (Fowler, Cradock, Harrison, Sealey)
* "Magic Carpet Days""
* "The Word"
* "Village Life"
* "Postal"
* "What's Mine Is Yours" (Sealey)
* "Fell in Love on the Street Again"
* "Rockfield"
* "Over My Head" (iTunes Exclusive)
# Rock'n'roll Etiquette

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Rock'n'roll Etiquette is the seventh studio album by Japanese rock band Guitar Wolf. It was released in Japan in February 2000 and in the U.S. on 19 October 2004. The U.S. version of the album includes the extra track "The Way I Walk".

## Track listing

* God-Speed-You
* Jet Virus
* Hot Air Jiro
* Murder by Rock
* Toiletface
* Venus Drive
* Sore Loser
* Drives with Wolves
* Sky Star Jet
* Earth Love
* Teardrop Baby
* Route 66
* Three AM Noodle Shop
* Highway Baby
* Rock'n'roll Etiquette
* The Way I Walk (U.S. version)
# Rathbeg, County Antrim

Rathbeg (from Irish An Ráth Beag, meaning 'the little fort') is a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parishes of Grange of Nilteen (3 acres) and Donegore (178 acres), both in the historic barony of Antrim Upper.

## History

The townland name is first recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, which reported that the High King of Ireland, Diarmait mac Cerbaill, was slain by Áed Dub mac Suibni, the king of Dál nAraidi and Ulaid, was slain at Rdith Bec in 565 AD. The fort after which the townland is named was removed during the construction of the M2 motorway in 1973, although the name Rathbeg was retained for the traffic roundabout in the townland.

## Archaeology

In 1967 rescue excavations took place in advance of motorway construction (at grid ref: J183882) at the rath site some 2.5 miles north-east of Antrim. The rath had been surrounded by a V-shaped ditch 19 ft wide and 9 ft deep. Fragments of a cordoned souterrain pot were found and a kiln structure and charcoal remains.
# Reclaimer (disambiguation)

A reclaimer is a machine used in bulk material handling applications.
Reclaimer may also refer to:
* Reclaimer (Halo), a title in the video game series Halo
* USS Reclaimer (ARS-42), a salvage ship in the United States Navy
* Reclaimer (album), a 2017 album by Shadow of Intent
# Sark Lighthouse

Sark Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located on the side of cliffs at Point Robert, at the north east of Sark, and guides vessels passing through the Channel Islands away from Blanchard Rock, which lies several miles to the east. It was constructed by Trinity House in 1913 and comprises a white, octagonal tower rising from flat-roofed service rooms and cottages, all built of stone. Access is provided by steps down from the top of the cliff, but the lighthouse was automated in 1994 and is now remotely monitored from the Trinity House operations centre in Harwich, Essex.
Sark was a desirable place for lighthouse keepers to be posted. As it was considered a 'rock station', pay for serving there was good but it was not as remote as other lighthouses of that class. It might have been the only rock station where the keepers could go to the pub when not working.
# Richard Krzymowski

Richard Krzymowski (5 September 1875 - 26 August 1960) was a German agricultural scientist. His main research interests were agricultural geography and agricultural history. Krzymowski's main work is "History of German Agriculture" an exemplary textbook for an integrated presentation of agricultural history, agricultural geography, and the history of agricultural production techniques.

## Literature

* Gertrud Schröder-Lembke: Richard Krzymowski zum 80.Geburtstag. In: Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie Vol 3, 1955, P. 97–99.
* E. Gerhardt: Zum Gedenken an Richard Krzymowski (1875-1960). In: Gießener Hochschulblätter Vol 8, 1960, Nr. 2/3, P. 7–8.
* Heinz Haushofer: Richard Krzymowski †. In: Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie Vol 9, 1961, P. 98–99.
* Gertrud Schröder-Lembke: Krzymowski, Richard. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Vol 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X
# Schlattingen

Schlattingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.
In 1999 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Basadingen to form a new and larger municipality Basadingen-Schlattingen.

## History

It was first mentioned in 897 as Slattingarro. Finds from the Paleolithic and Roman era indicate that there were earlier settlements in the area. In the Middle Ages the monasteries of St. Gallen, Münsterlingen, St. Katharinental and Wagenhausen all held property and rights in Schlattingen. The town of Diessenhofen held the low justice rights from 1489 to 1798 and the high justice rights after 1460.
The right to appoint pastors of the village church (built in 1275) was held by the Göberg family. Soon after the Protestant Reformation, it became part of the parish of Stammheim (today Oberstammheim and Unterstammheim) and remained so until 1827. The Diessenhofen parish staff gave the sermon after 1585 in Schlattingen. In 1827 the church of Schlattingen became a filial church of Basadingen.
In the 18th Century, the village acquired most of its own land and owned 259 acres (1.05 km$^2$) of woods. It produced grain, fruit, clover and grapes and in the 19th Century there was increased dairy farming. Between 1920 and 1980, the proportion of jobs in agriculture dropped from 72% to 46%, while the services sector saw an increase from 6% to 29%. A new housing development opened in 1945.

## Population

The population in 1850 was 488. By 1900 it had decreased to 333. In 1950 it was 406 and had increased to 512 in 1990.

## Transport

Schlattingen sits on the Lake Line between Schaffhausen and Rorschach and is served by the St. Gallen S-Bahn at the Schlattingen railway station, located at the northern edge of the city center.
# Port of Hamina-Kotka

Port of Hamina-Kotka (Finnish Hamina-Kotkan satama) is a major seaport in Kotka and Hamina in Kymenlaakso, Finland, on the northern shore of Gulf of Finland. After its creation by merging the ports of Kotka and Hamina in 2011, the Port of Hamina-Kotka has become Finland's biggest port. It serves containers, liquid and dry bulk, gas, RoRo cargo and project shipments and is important for Finnish export industries and transit traffic to Russia. The main export goods in addition to liquid and dry bulk are paper and pulp.
The Port of Hamina-Kotka is operated by HaminaKotka Satama Oy, a limited liability company founded in 2011 owned by the towns of Kotka (60%) and Hamina (40%). It consists of six ports:
* Port of Hamina, Hamina
* Port of Mussalo, Kotka
* Hietanen, Kotka
* Hietanen Etelä (Puolanlaituri), Kotka
* Kantasatama, Kotka
* Port of Sunila, Kotka
There are frequent connections to ports of Gothenburg, Tallinn, Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Tilbury, Hull, St. Petersburg and Antwerp.
Kotka Harbour is also a railway station and terminus of the railway between Kouvola and Kotka.
# Rock'n'Roll Veterans

Rock'n'Roll Veterans is the second album by the Bulgarian rock musician Georgi Minchev who is also the producer of the work. It was released in 1989 by the state-owned record company Balkanton.
The songs of the album are result from the Minchev's collaboration with the well known Bulgarian musicians Kiril Marichkov, Petar Gyuzelev and Valdi Totev from Shturtsite and Rumen Boyadzhiev from FSB as well as Minchev's friend A. Dechev. That's why, in the album notes, Minchev wrote that he would like Rock'n'Roll Veterans to be perceived not just as a solo album but as album written by six friends.
The album was originally released on Cassette and Vinyl LP. In 1997, it was re-released on CD format together with the Minchev's first LP BG Rock (1987).

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Georgi Minchev.
Side A:
* "Рокендрол ветерани" / "Rock'n'Roll Veterans" (Minchev/K. Marichkov) - 3:36
* "Момчето и аз" / "The Boy and Me" (Minchev/A. Dechev) - 3:33
* "Какви времена" / "What Times" (Minchev/K. Marichkov) - 3:58
* "Полтъргайст" / "Poltergeist" (Minchev/V. Totev) - 3:17
* "Семеен блус" / "Family Blues" (Minchev/P. Gyuzelev) - 4:48
Side B:
* "Момчета с китари" / "Boys with Guitars" (Minchev/P. Gyuzelev) - 4:22
* "Мъж в гардероб" / "Man in Wardrobe" (Minchev/K. Marichkov) - 3:14
* "Луди глави" / "Daredevils" (Minchev/V. Totev) - 2:47
* "Рокендрол в събота" / "Rock'n'Roll on Saturday" (Minchev/P. Gyuzelev) - 4:26
* "Една любов умря" / "One Love has Died" (Minchev/R. Boyadzhiev) - 4:52

## Personnel

* Georgi Minchev - All Vocals
* Petar Gyuzelev - Guitars
* Kiril Marichkov - Bass Guitar
* Valdi Totev - Keyboards
* Rumen Boyadzhiev - Keyboards
* Georgi Markov - Drums
* Emanuil Manolov-Badema - Tenor Saxophone
* Dechko Delchev - Tenor Saxophone
* Valeri Gradinarski - Guitars
* Panayot Slavchev - Piano
# Kyarkoppa

Kyarkoppa is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India there were 590 households in Kyarkoppa and a total population of 2,869 consisting of 1,474 males and 1,395 females. There were 417 children ages 0-6.
# Sebastián de Garro

Sebastian Garro y Sidrac (14??–15??) was a Basque nobleman, Viscount of Zolina, Lord of Rocafort and Sidrac.

## Biography

Sebastian Garro was born in Navarra, son of a noble family. He was married to María de Gongora, daughter of an eminent Spanish family, descendants of the Marquises of Góngora. Garro was a possible descended of Pere Arnaut de Garro, a noble knight, who served in the court of Charles II of Navarre.
# Ranking Stone

Ranking Stone (born 14 January 1973) is a Puerto Rican reggaeton artist. He made four albums, Censurado being the most known. Censurado charted in the United States, reaching #36 on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and #4 on its Tropical Albums chart.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Atrevido (1994)
* Different Styles (1995)
* Censurado (2003)
* Al Rescate (2006)

### Singles

* Sigue Batiendo 2 (con Brewley MC) (1992)
* Pide Mas (1994)
* Lirica Decente (1995)
* A Dios Le Pido (1996)
* Si Es Cuestión (1997)
* Llego El Escuadron (1998)
* En Panama (1999)
* Que Melones (2000)
* Yo Soy Un Bellako (2001)
* El Lechero (2002)
* Baila Conmigo (con Trebol Clan) (2003)
* Dale Mai (con Cheka) (2003)
* Tu Sabes (2004)
* Vuelvo & Salgo (2005)
* Donde Estas? (con Juno) (2006)
* Princesa (2007)
* Como Entender (con Jennifer Peña) (2008)
* A Romper La Disco (2009)
* Ware Monton (2010)
* Que Siga La Fiesta (con El Chicano) (2011)
* Lobo De Amor (con El Chicano) (2012)
* Enciende El Phillie (con Kris-D & El Trovon) (2013)
* Hasta Que Salga El Sol (2014)
* Reggaeton The Movie (2015)
* Mambo (2016)
* Hello (con Alberto Stylee, Falo & Rey Pirin) (2017)
* El Bam, Bam (2018)
* Qué Baúl (2019)
# R. floribunda

R. floribunda may refer to:
* Rhodanthe floribunda, a plant endemic to Australia
* Rudolfiella floribunda, an orchid native to western South America
# Saskatchewan Savings Bond

Saskatchewan Savings Bonds (SSB) were bond securities issued by the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. As of June 2010, the product is no longer offered. SSBs' principal and interest are backed by the Province of Saskatchewan. The SSBs were available from financial institutions, credit unions, and investment dealers. On July 15, 2007, the Government issued $183.7 million 5 year, 4.2 per cent Series 16 Saskatchewan Savings Bonds and redeemed $187.8 million of previous series savings bonds, for a net reduction in savings bonds outstanding of $4.1 million. The minimum purchase value was $100 and the maximum value was $200,000. As of April 2009, there were $247.2 million in SSBs outstanding.
Unlike the Canada Savings Bond, SSBs were only sold to residents of Saskatchewan.
# Schleberoda

Schleberoda is a village and a former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it has been part of the town Freyburg.
It has been proposed by Germany for inscription in the List of World Heritage. The World Heritage nomination Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is representative for the processes that shaped the continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called Landesausbau and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.

## Description

Schleberoda is located north of the Unstrut. It was founded as a result of intensive land development by clearance in the High Middle Ages such as other villages with ″root″ (Roda) in the name (e.g. Albersroda, Baumersorda, Schnellroda, Ebersroda and Schleberoda).
The closely bordering local nobles in the area separated their territories using stone landmarks, as is still visible at the historic edges of the nearby woods, authentic landmarks which have been unchanged since the High Middle Ages: The clearance work and founding of new villages ran southwards from the original parish of Mücheln and ended at the Neue Göhle forest, which belonged to the territory of the Landgraves of Thuringia and could therefore not be cleared. The forest Neue Göhle (Old Sorbian name gola = heath forest) has survived as a continuous, large forest complex. It was used for the production of pole wood in the context of winegrowing at a very early point in time, which is why it had been afforested in the form of coppice-with-standards. Stone landmarks, ditches, banks and paths are still visible at the historic edges of this woods separated the territories of the closely bordering local nobles in the area.

## Today

Schleberoda has retained the structures and authentic form dating from the time of its foundation. It is an examples of the land development in the contact area between Germans and Slavs in the High Middle Ages. It has been able to retain its original ground plan as a radial round village dating from the High Middle Ages. Around the original village pond, serving for fire-fighting, and the bake house, replaced at the end of the 18th century, forward-gabled and side-gabled buildings are grouped, some made with packed loam, with high-quality portals dating from the 16th to 19th century. The position of the former gate to the compact village settlement is still identifiable today. Including the outer boundary of the official village area is not only identifiable by a circumferential path and has survived in its original form to the north-west in the shape of an impenetrable hedge. The Romanesque choir tower of the village church with coupled abat-sons has survived.
# Posyağbasan

Posyağbasan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aladağ, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 404 (2022).
# Plátano River

The Plátano River (Banana River) is a river in Honduras which runs through the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve.
# Simple clinical colitis activity index

The Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) is a diagnostic tool and questionnaire used to assess the severity of symptoms in people who suffer from ulcerative colitis. It was created in 1998 and is still used to assess the severity of symptoms. It is also used for research purposes to determine the efficacy of various treatments aimed at relieving symptoms. The calculated score ranges from 0 to 19, where active disease is a score of 5 or higher.
The score is determined by asking the person with colitis questions regarding:
* Bowel frequency at day/night
* Urgency of defecation
* Blood in stool
* General health
* Extracolonic manifestations
# Vital effects

Vital effects are biological impacts on geochemical records. Many marine organisms, ranging from zooplankton (e.g. foraminifera) to phytoplankton (e.g diatoms) to reef builders (e.g. coral), create shells or skeletons from chemical compounds dissolved in seawater. This process, which is also called biomineralization, therefore records the chemical signature of seawater during the time of shell formation. However, different species have different metabolism and physiology, causing them to create their shells in different ways. These biological distinctions cause species to record slightly different chemical signatures in their shells; these differences are known as vital effects.

## Importance to scientific research

Vital effects are relevant to study because of their influence on paleoclimatic interpretations. Scientists study the isotopic composition of marine organisms’ shells that have been preserved in marine sediment in order to reconstruct past environmental conditions. The earliest example of this work is using oxygen isotopes from the calcium carbonate (CaCO$_3$) in belemnites to reconstruct paleotemperatures. It is important to understand vital effects because they affect how paleoclimatic data are interpreted, which influences how scientists predict future impacts of climate change.

### Examples
#### Foraminifera

Foraminifera are widely used for paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic research because of the oxygen isotopes in their calcium carbonate shells. Oxygen isotopes, or δ$^{18}$O, are used to interpret past temperature and ice volume. Foraminifera also incorporate trace amounts of boron in their shells, which is used to reconstruct past pH. Foraminiferal isotopic composition is affected by factors such as algal symbionts or species-specific physiology. The influence of such vital effects can be determined via culture experiments.

#### Coral

Similar to foraminifera shells, the isotopic composition of coral skeletons is used to reconstruct past temperature, CO$_2$ concentrations, and pH. Vital effects arise from algal symbionts and biological responses to changes in conditions such as pH. Again, culture experiments are used to quantify vital effects and calibrate the use of coral isotopic composition as a proxy.

#### Diatoms

Diatoms can also be used to study oxygen isotopes and are especially useful in regions of the ocean where foraminifera do not preserve in marine sediments. One example of vital effects in diatoms is a difference in δ$^{18}$O between two different species, Coscinodiscus marginatus and Coscinodiscus radiatus, which is attributed to their difference in size.
# Schnorr

Schnorr is a German surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:
* Claus P. Schnorr (born 1943), German mathematician and cryptographer
* Donna Schnorr (died 1984), victim of American serial killer Brian Dugan
* Veit Hans Schnorr, later Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1644–1715), German iron and cobalt magnate, ancestor of the Schnorr von Carolsfeld family
* Adolf Schnorr (1883–19??) German businessman. Founder of Adolf Schnorr GmbH, manufacturer of Disc Springs

## Schnorr von Carolsfeld

* Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794–1872), German painter; younger son of Veit Hanns Schnorr von Carolsfeld
* Ludwig Ferdinand Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1788–1853), German artist; elder son of Veit Hanns Schnorr von Carolsfeld
* Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1836–1865), German Heldentenor and creator of the role of Tristan; son of Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
* Veit Hanns Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1764–1841), German portraitist
* Malvina Garrigues, later Malvina Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1825–1904), Danish-born German operatic soprano; wife of Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld
# San Jerónimo Tecoatl

San Jerónimo Tecoatl is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 17.86 square kilometres (6.90 sq mi). It is part of the Teotitlán District in the north of the Cañada Region.
In 2005, the municipality had a population of 1,522.