# Acanthosaura

Acanthosaura is a genus of lizards, commonly known as mountain horned dragons or pricklenape agamas, in the family Agamidae. The common name "pricklenape" refers to a row of dorsal spines which runs down the back of the neck. They are arboreal lizards found in Southeast Asia. They are medium-sized, their total length (including tail) ranging from about 7.5 to 15 in (19 to 38 cm), depending on species and individual. As the common name "mountain horned dragons" implies, they tend to prefer higher elevation areas with dense vegetation.

## Diet

Mountain horned dragons are insectivorous, consuming only live food. Common foods in captivity include crickets, earthworms, silkworms, mealworms, moths, roaches, wax worms, and grasshoppers. They require a variety in diet and will often refuse food when offered in excessive redundancy.
Typical Acanthosaura feeding behavior is a sit-and-wait style. They will perch 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) off the ground until they spot their prey, which is often down on the ground. A display of aerobatics is not uncommon from Acanthosaura species when hunting food. They will eat and hunt fish, but most will not submerge their heads to catch a meal.

## Reproduction

Females of the genus Acanthosaura lay their first clutch of eggs about four months after mating. They may lay up to four clutches total per year, separated by a month or two.

## In captivity

Mountain horned dragons are popular pets, and readily available in the exotic pet trade. A. capra is considered the hardiest and most easily kept species of the genus, and is the most common species found for sale in the United States. While not considered to be difficult to breed in captivity, most specimens available are wild caught. However, due to captive breeding, more and more captive bred lizards are available.

## Species

| Scientific Name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Acanthosaura armata (Gray, 1827) | armored pricklenape, peninsular horned tree lizard | Burma, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand |
| Acanthosaura aurantiacrista Trivalairat, Kunya, Chanhome, Sumontha, Vasaruchapong, Chomngam, Chiangkul, 2020 | | Thailand |
| Acanthosaura bintangensis Wood, J. Grismer, L. Grismer, Ahmad, Onn & Bauer, 2009 | Bukit Larut Mountain horned agamid, Bintang horned tree lizard | Perak, Peninsular Malaysia |
| Acanthosaura brachypoda Ananjeva, Orlov, Nguyen T.T. & Ryabov, 2011 | | Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura capra (Günther, 1861) | green pricklenape | Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura cardamomensis Wood, J. Grismer, L. Grismer, Neang, Chav & Holden, 2010 | | western Cambodia, eastern Thailand |
| Acanthosaura coronata Günther, 1861 | crowned spiny lizard | Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura crucigera (Boulenger, 1885) | Boulenger's pricklenape, masked horned tree lizard | Burma, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Cuvier, 1829) | brown pricklenape | Burma, Cambodia, China, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura liui Liu, Hou, Mo ,& Rao, 2020 | | China |
| Acanthosaura longicaudata Liu, Rao, Hou, Orlov, Ananjeva, & Zhang, 2022 | long-tailed horned tree lizard, long-tailed horned agamid | China |
| Acanthosaura meridiona Trivalairat, Sumontha, Kunya, & Chiangkul, 2022 | | Thailand |
| Acanthosaura murphyi L.T. Nguyen, Do, Hoang, T.T. Nguyen, McCormack, T.Q. Nguyen, Orlov, V.D.H. Nguyen & S.N. Nguyen, 2018 | | Central Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura nataliae Orlov, Q.T. Nguyen & V.S. Nguyen, 2006 | | Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura phongdienensis S.N. Nguyen, Jin, Vo, L.T. Nguyen, Zhou, Che, Murphy, & Zhang, 2019 | | Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura phuketensis Pauwels, Sumontha, Kunya, Nitikul, Samphanthamit, Wood & L. Grismer, 2015 | Phuket horned tree agamid | southwestern Thailand |
| Acanthosaura prasina Ananjeva, Ermakov, Nguyen, Nguyen, Murphy, Lukonina, Orlov, 2020 | | Vietnam |
| Acanthosaura rubrilabris Liu, Rao, Hou, Orlov, Ananjeva, & Zhang, 2022 | red-lipped horned tree lizard, red-lipped horned agamid | China |
| Acanthosaura titiwangsaensis Wood, J. Grismer, L. Grismer, Ahmad, Onn & Bauer, 2009 | Malayan Mountain horned agamid, Titiwangsa horned tree lizard | Fraser's Hill and Cameron Highlands, Pahang, and Peninsular Malaysia |
| Acanthosaura tongbiguanensis Liu & Rao, 2019 | | China |

## Gallery

* Acanthosaura capra at Chester Zoo
* Acanthosaura phuketensis
* Acanthosaura phuketensis (juvenile)