OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saint-Côme (disambiguation)

Saint-Côme is the French spelling for Saint Cosmas and may also refer to:

## Places

It may refer to several communities around the world:

### Canada

* Saint-Côme, Quebec, a parish municipality in the province of Quebec
* Saint-Côme–Linière, Quebec, a municipality in the province of Quebec

### France

* Saint-Côme, a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine
* Saint-Côme-d'Olt, a commune in the Aveyron department
* Saint-Côme-de-Fresné, a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region
* Saint-Côme-du-Mont, a commune in the Manche department in Normandy
* Saint-Côme-et-Maruéjols, a commune in the Gard department

## Other

* Saint Come, a wine label
# Saint-Jean-de-Bœuf

Saint-Jean-de-Bœuf (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Premarket tobacco application

A premarket tobacco application (PMTA) is an application that must be reviewed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration before a new tobacco product can be legally marketed in the United States. The first PMTA, and only to date, was approved by US FDA on November 10, 2015, when the FDA authorized the marketing of eight Swedish Match North America Inc. snus smokeless tobacco products (to be marketed under the brand name "General").

## New tobacco product

A new tobacco product is either a product commercially marketed in the United States after February 15, 2007, or any modification to a tobacco product commercially marketed after February 15, 2007. If a predicate product existed prior to February 15, 2007, applicants can apply via the Substantial Equivalence (SE) regulatory pathway.

## FDA deeming regulation

On May 10, 2016, the US FDA finalized its "deeming" rule, subjecting additional products to scrutiny under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act as amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. The rule gives the US FDA authority to regulate e-cigarettes, cigars, and vape pens. The rule also authorizes FDA to take enforcement action against manufacturers who sell and distribute products with unsubstantiated modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims.

## Compliance periods

FDA is establishing staggered initial compliance periods based on the expected complexity of the applications to be submitted, followed by continued 12-month compliance periods of FDA review. Substantial Equivalence exemptions have a total compliance period of 24 months and an enforcement deadline of August 8, 2017. Substantial Equivalence applications have a total compliance period of 30 months and an enforcement deadline of February 8, 2018. Premarket tobacco applications have a total compliance period of 36 months and an enforcement deadline of August 8, 2018.
| Product Pathway | Initial Compliance Period | Continued Compliance Period | Total Compliance Period | FDA Enforcement Deadline |
| Substantial Equivalence Exemption Request | 12 months | 12 months | 24 months | August 8 2017 |
| Substantial Equivalence Application | 18 months | 12 months | 30 months | February 8, 2018 |
| Premarket Tobacco Application | 24 months | 12 months | 36 months | August 8, 2018 |
# Sagamore, Fayette County, Pennsylvania

Sagamore is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States.
# Prevention of the Avoidance of Income Tax Act

The Prevention of the Avoidance of Income Tax Act (No 26 of 1970), was an act passed in the Parliament of Ceylon in on 26 October 1970 that demonetized all currency notes in circulation in the island at the time with the denominations of Rupees 50 and 100. With all high value currency notes bearing a date prior to 26 October 1970, demonetized new Rupees 50 and 100 notes were introduced.
The demonetization was brainchild of the Minister of Finance, Dr N. M. Perera who had the replacement notes printed by Thomas De La Rue instead of its regular printers, to ensure secrecy. The Governor of the Central Bank William Tennekoon was not informed until the notes arrived at the bank. The objective of the demonetization, was to flush out black money, by forcing those holding the high value notes to turn them in before 3 November 1970 and thereby exposing them to the Inland Revenue Department. The demonetization failed to increase government tax revenue, the Central Bank had to bear the cost of the operation and the replacement notes had to be discontinued since they violated election laws by containing the ruling party symbol.
# Colobosauroides

Colobosauroides is a small genus of lizards in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The genus Colobosauroides is endemic to Brazil.

## Geographic range

Species in the genus Colobosauroides are found in northeastern Brazil, in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Ceará.

## Species

The genus Colobosauroides includes only the following two species:
* Colobosauroides carvalhoi M. Soares & Caramaschi, 1998
* Colobosauroides cearensis da Cunha, Lima-Verde & Lima, 1991

## Etymology

The specific name, carvalhoi, is in honor of Brazilian herpetologist Antenor Leitão de Carvalho.
# Penicillium vanderhammenii

Penicillium vanderhammenii is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from the Colombian Amazon forest.
# Race-conscious policy

A race-conscious policy is a policy that aims to improve the conditions of racial minorities. In the United States, such policies are typically aimed at improving the status of African-Americans. Many different kinds of race-conscious policies exist, ranging from nondiscrimination policy to strict numerical racial quotas. Their main purpose is twofold: to compensate for past discrimination against the target race, and to increase equality of opportunity.

## Education

In the United States, race-conscious policies like desegregation busing have long been used to counteract school segregation. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in favor of these measures more in the 1960s and the 1970s than it has since then.

## International variations

France, unlike many other Western European countries (including Britain), has avoided adopting race-conscious policies. Variations in these policies between Britain and France are in large part due to the different frames through which the policies were portrayed in the two countries.

## Public opinion

Whites are the least supportive of race-conscious policies, while African Americans are the most supportive of them. Latinos and Asian Americans take intermediate stances in their opinions of these policies. This pattern persists after controlling for measures of racial prejudice, class status, and other factors. Among white liberals, racial resentment predicts support for race-conscious programs only for black students. In contrast, among white conservatives, racial resentment is closely related to opposition to such programs regardless of the recipient's race.
# Přepychy

Přepychy may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Přepychy (Pardubice District), a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region
* Přepychy (Rychnov nad Kněžnou District), a municipality and village in the Hradec Králové Region
# Polynesia curtitibia

Polynesia curtitibia is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in the north-eastern Himalayas, Thailand and on Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland and upper montane forests.
# Polytrichum hyperboreum

Polytrichum hyperboreum (commonly referred to as Arctic haircap moss) is a species of moss belonging to the genus Polytrichum, commonly found throughout arctic regions of the world. Members of this dioecious species readily produces sporophytes with their sporophytic structure, consisting of a foot, seta, capsule, and a hairy calyptra, similar to other Polytrichum species. Polytrichum hyperboreum is distinguishable by certain unique features of there gametophytic structure that sets them apart from other genus members.

## Distribution and habitat

Polytrichum hyperboreum has been found to inhibit arctic regions in North America including Greenland, Yukon, Alaska, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, as well as in European and Asian countries such as Norway, Scandinavia and Russia. Ideal habitat for this species consists of acidic soil or sand, dry areas such as tundras or rocky areas, or alongside bodies of water, at elevations of roughly 0–1500 meters.

## Sporophytic features

The sporophytic features of P. hyperboreum are common to other members of its genus. Key features that set the Polytrichum genus apart from others, such as light brown nematodontous peristome teeth and a hairy calyptra(hence the common name for the genus "hair-cap mosses"), are found many Polytrichum species, including P. hyperboreum This species is also characterized by its relatively short, reddish setae, which is similar to the setae found on the species Polytrichum commune.

## Gametophytic features

Polytrichum hyperboreum has many gametophytic structures common to other members of the Polytrichum genus, however it also has certain unique structures that make this species identifiable from others. The basic structure of this plant that is visible to the naked eye consists of a stem (under 10 cm tall) containing hydroids and leptoids, with whitish rhizoids at the base, as well as a crowding of leaves in the distal portion of the stem. The leaves themselves are costate, with a linear-lanceolate shape and infolded margins. These leaves become erect and tight together when dried, or erect and spread when moist. The species ranges in color from green at youth, to a chestnut brown colour after maturing. One of the most unique characteristics of this plant that is visible in the cross section of the leaf is the laminae. Unlike other species in its genus, P. hyperboreum has marginal laminae that wrap completely around the vertical lamellae of the leaf, completely enclosing them. Other Polytrichum species have both lamellae and laminae, however the laminae are not long enough to enclose the lamellae, leaving them exposed. The most distinct features to this species that sets it apart from other Polytrichum members include the plant's branching pattern, their unique awn, the cells of the lamellae and the overlapping marginal laminae.
# Polytrichum juniperinum

Polytrichum juniperinum, commonly known as juniper haircap or juniper polytrichum moss, is an evergreen and perennial species of moss that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antarctica.

## Description

The stems are reddish with grey-green leaves that have a distinctive red-brown tip. This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap (Polytrichum piliferum), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip. The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals. Juniper haircap moss have a well-developed system of tiny tubes for carrying water from the rhizoids to leaves that is uncharacteristic of mosses, resembling the system that has evolved in vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. As a result of this developed system, stems have greater potential for height than in typical mosses.

## Distribution

Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats. It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by fire and logging. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods. Although Juniper haircap moss is not usually found in moist or wet environments, it has been found growing on moist woods and other moist sites such as streambanks.

## Reproduction

It is a dioecious plant, meaning that the male and female gametophytes are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs. The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends. The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the archegonia to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an operculum, and a calyptra. There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.
# Rumbold

Rumbold (sometimes Rumwold) is an Old English name that may refer to:

## People

* St. Rumbold of Buckingham (662), English infant saint
* Saint Rumbold of Mechelen (6th/7th/8th century?), Irish or Scottish Christian missionary
* Rumbold baronets including:
** Sir Thomas Rumbold, 1st Baronet (1736–1791), British politician and administrator in India
** Sir George Rumbold, 2nd Baronet (1764–1807), British diplomat
** Sir Arthur Carlos Henry Rumbold, 5th Baronet (1820–1869), British soldier and diplomat
** Sir Horace Rumbold, 8th Baronet (1829–1913), British diplomat
** Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th Baronet (1869–1941), British diplomat
** Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet (1911–1983), British diplomat
* Dame Angela Rumbold (1932–2010), British politician
* Charles Rumbold (1788–1857), British politician
* George Rumbold (1911–1995), English professional footballer
* Gyula Rumbold (1887–1959), Hungarian amateur footballer who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
* Hugo Rumbold (1884–1932), British theatrical scenery and costume designer
* Richard Rumbold (1622–1685), English soldier who plotted to assassinate Charles II of England
* William Richard Rumbold (1760–1786), English Member of Parliament

## Characters

* Cuthbert Rumbold, a character in the sitcom Are You Being Served?
# Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu Perak Jombang

Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu Perak Jombang is an Islamic religious education in Gading Mangu, Jombang, East Java Province. in Indonesia, The school is managed by Yayasan Budi Utomo.
The school emphasizes the teaching of Al-Quran Al-Hadith and the formation of Karimah akhlakul.
Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu currently accommodates 3,500 students, both girls and boys, from all over Indonesia. Of the total number of 1139 students of the school at SMU Budi Utomo, 917 people sat on the bench SMK Budi Utomo and 806 people became junior high school students Budi Utomo.
Operating since 1952, the scholl has dormitories, hostel building, hall, guest house, kitchen and activity center of the mosque Baitul Antiq

## Brief History

Boarding School Gadingmangu located in the Village Gadingmangu Gadingmangu, Silver District, Jombang, East Java, or about 13 kilometers from the city of Jombang. Distance from Surabaya Gadingmangu Boarding School about 93 miles or the distance of about 2 hours.
Pesanteren Gadingmangu cottage was founded in 1952 by:
* Mr. H. Bey Prawironoto (village head at the time)
* Mr. H.M. Mercy
* Mr. H. Nurhadi
* Mr. H. Nurhasan
Leadership Period:
* Year 1952 - 1963 led by Mr. H. Bey Prawironoto
* Year 1963 - 2006 led by Mr. KH. Abdul Syukur
* 2006 - now led by Mr. KH. Ahmad Fathoni

## Structure Ponpes Gadingmangu

Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu have an organizational structure as follows:
* Council Kyai: It is a supreme body consisting of elders boarding school authorities as the principal policy penentuk Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu-member 6 (six) people.
* Teacher Council: Council policy is the executing agency of the Kyai in the field of educational continuity. The agency consists of the Teacher / Ustad Pondok Pesantren Gadingmangu.
* Daily Council: An executive council in charge of daily administration, management and other social activities. Daily Board members consist of representatives from Chairman, Secretary, treasurer and parts.

## Education Programs at Pondok Pesantren Gading Mangu
### Religious education

* Quran; reading, translations, and commentaries
* Hadith Association
* Faroidh; law of distribution of inheritance
* Qiroatu sab'ah
* Nahwu shorof
* Kutubu Sitta

### General Education

* Budi character / akhlakul Karimah
* Insights nationality
* Sports and Outbound
* Entrepreneurship and
* Community Service
# Polorós

Polorós is a municipality in the La Unión department of El Salvador. The 2007 census counted a population of 9,701.

## History

Polorós was a pre-Columbian Lenca settlement. Around 1577 it was given to the Franciscan friars of the convent of San Andres Nacaome. As a town of the parish of Gotera, according to Pedro Cortes y Larraz, it had a total of 171 inhabitants in 1770, and was known as San Gaspar Polorós. The town was part of the district of Gotera from 1786 to 1827. Since 1883 it has belonged to the district of Santa Rosa de Lima, and after having been in the department of San Miguel, in 1865 it became part of the department of La Union. The town earned the title of city by a legislative decree on February 28, 1891.

## Overview

The municipality covers an area of 126.60 km ² and is at an altitude of 380 meters. The name Polorós means "Place of piles of leaves", "Place of leaves" or "City is reborn." The city's saints day festivities are celebrated in the month of June in honor of John The Baptist.
* This El Salvador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ponta Varandinha

Ponta Varandinha is a headland and the westernmost point of the island of Boa Vista, Cape Verde. To its north lies the beach Praia da Varandinha. The nearest village is Povoação Velha, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the east. There is a lighthouse on the cape. Its focal height is 22 meters (72 ft) and its range extends to 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi).
# Polyrhaphis argentina

Polyrhaphis argentina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1978. It is known from Bolivia, Argentina, Peru, and Paraguay.
# Popinjay

Popinjay may refer to:
* Old-fashioned term for a parrot (cf. Old French papegeai and papegai, German Papagei )
* A dandy or foppish person
* Popinjay (sport), a shooting sport that can be performed with either rifles or archery equipment
* Popinjay, Stibochiona nicea, a species of butterfly
* Popinjay (Wild Cards), a Wild Cards character
* Popinjays, a British indie pop band
* Corporal Popinjay, a Catch-22 character
# Pompeiiana, Inc.

Pompeiiana, Inc. was a 501c3 not-for-profit corporation dedicated to the study of Latin at the secondary school level. It was founded by Bernard F. Barcio, L.H.D. and was run by a board of directors, which included Allen W. Clowes (vice president), Carl R. Dortch (treasurer), Mrs. Lillian R. Barcio (secretary), and Philip S. Kappes (legal counsel) It was known for sponsoring and coordinating "such nation-wide Latin-oriented multi-discipline projects as the National Catapult Contest,", the National Chariathon, and for publishing the Pompeiiana Newsletter.

## The National Catapult Contest

The National Catapult Contest, was a national competition started by Bernard F. Barcio, L.H.D., while he was a Latin teacher at Park School in Indianapolis in 1966. The contest expanded annually until ceasing in 1977. During the first year of the contest, students were only allowed to utilize tools and techniques that would have been available to ancient Romans. Later, the use of modern technology was allowed. Over the course of the history of the event, more than 100 catapults were created by high school students from all over the United States. Coverage of the National Catapult Contest appeared extensively in the national media of the United States, including in Sports Illustrated, Seventeen Magazine, and on NBC News. In 1978, Dr. Barcio published an authoritative history of the contest, including detailed instructions on the building of modern catapults, in a book titled Catapult Design, Construction & Competition.

## The Pompeiiana Newsletter

The Pompeiiana Newsletter was a monthly publication distributed to Latin students all over the world. It included feature articles, poems, comics, puzzles and other items intended to aid in the instruction of Latin and Classical Studies. The Pompeiiana Newsletter was published from 1974 through 2003. In 2008, Dr. Barcio granted Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers exclusive rights too all back issues of the publication. Bolchazy-Carducci subsequently uploaded all 229 issues of the newsletter to their website where the content is offered free "to Latin teachers, students, and others interested in Classics."
# Ryotaro Doi

Ryotaro Doi (土居 龍太郎, Doi Ryōtarō) (born January 11, 1981) is a former professional baseball player in Japan. Doi for a period played for the Yokohama BayStars. Doi played as a pitcher.
# Poropuntius solitus

Poropuntius solitus is a species of freshwater, ray-finned fish in the genus Poropuntius. It was first described by Maurice Kottelat in 2000. This species is found in tributaries to the Xe Kong River on the eastern half of the Bolaven Plateau in Laos. Its population is decreasing due to overfishing, and proposed efforts to dam the river and its tributaries further threaten the species. The Poropuntius solitus is currently considered an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
# Russell Brand: Re:Birth

Russell Brand: Re:Birth is a 2018 standup comedy film written and performed by English comedian and activist Russell Brand. It debuted on Netflix on 4 December 2018.
Re:Birth was filmed at the Hackney Empire theatre in East London in April 2018 during his 2017–18 comedy tour of the same name.