OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peptidyl-Asp metalloendopeptidase

Peptidyl-Asp metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.33, endoproteinase Asp-N, peptidyl-Asp metalloproteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Cleavage of Xaa-Asp, Xaa-Glu and Xaa- cysteic acid bonds

## History

Peptidyl-Asp metalloendopeptidase was first discovered when it was isolated from the supernatant of Pseudomonas fragi. Originally, it was thought that this bacteria produced only a single proteinase, but later it was discovered that P. fragi can produce more than one proteinase species. This is of interest due to the fact that one of the mutants identified has a cleavage specificity that was previously unknown and can be used in protein sequencing. This enzyme became commercialized as endoproteinase (Asp-N).

## Overview

The structure consists of a single chain protein with a molecular mass of 24,440 kDa when analyzed with a mass spectrometer. In an SDS gel, the band lies within the 27,000 kDa region. The protein sequence contains a HEXXH pattern which can be utilized as a zinc binding site. It belongs to the M72 family MEROPS. This enzyme is useful because it cleaves specific peptide bonds in aspartic acid (Xaa-Cya) and cysteic acid (Xaa-Cya) residues at the N-terminus however this enzyme is unable to cleave isoaspartic acid. Typically cleavage of glutamic acid requires specific conditions, but is much slower than the aspartyl peptides. This cleavage can be controlled by reducing the concentration of enzymes in the digestion process and cutting down the incubation time. There are a few ways to determine the activity of this enzyme. This can be accomplished by performing a proteinase assay using proteins as substrates, using a fluorescence assay looking for self quenching detrimeric peptide.
Succinimide is an intermediate that is formed when the alpha carbon on Asp or Asn is lost, this is a very specific event which occurs in Asp 58 and Asn 151 of alpha crystalline. This is common among beta amyloids that are received from the elderly, thus leading to believe that there is involvement with this mutation and aging. Isoaspartic acid (isoAsp) has also been shown to have involvement with aging, autoimmune disorders, cancer and neurodegeneration. This acid is created when asparagine undergoes deamination or isomerization of aspartic acid occurs. This is concerning for the pharmaceutical industry because it can cause aggregation or even disrupt enzyme activity. However, it is difficult to conduct further research because of the similarity in mass and chemical properties of isoAsp and Asp.
# Peptidyl-L-lysine(-L-arginine) hydrolase

Peptidyl-L-lysine(-L-arginine) hydrolase may refer to:
* Lysine carboxypeptidase, an enzyme
* Carboxypeptidase E, an enzyme
# Rinaldo Rafanelli

Rinaldo Rafanelli (July 4, 1949 – June 25, 2021) was an Argentine bassist and singer. He also participated as a musician, arranger and producer.
# Rizwana Yasmeen

Rizwana Yasmeen (born: 4 September 1990) is a field hockey player from Pakistan. As of November 2020, she is the captain of the Pakistan women's national field hockey team.

## Career

Yasmeen began her career in 2006. Her playing position is goalkeeper.

### National

At national competitions, Yasmeen represents WAPDA. At the National Women's Championships held in Islamabad in 2016, she was declared the tournament's best goalkeeper.

### International

In 2006, Yasmeen was one of the standbys for the 2006 Asian Games Qualifiers held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In 2010, she was part of the team selected to compete at the 2010 Asian Games Qualifiers held in Bangkok, Thailand.
She participated in the 2nd Asian Hockey Challenge held in Bangkok, Thailand in September 2013, earning six caps.
In 2016, she was part of the team which reached the semi-finals of the 4th Women’s Asian Hockey Federation Cup which was held in Bangkok, Thailand. This was the first time that the national team had reached the semi-finals of the tournament.
In 2017, Yasmeen was appointed the captain for the Asian Hockey Challenge held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It was originally a six-nation tournament, but three teams pulled out before it started. Pakistan came runners-up to Hong Kong, with Brunei finishing third.
Yasmeen led the national team at the 2018 Asian Games Qualifying Tournament in Bangkok, Thailand. There, the team lost five of their matches, winning one against seventh-placed Indonesia by a score of 3-0, their only goals in the tournament. The team placed sixth and did not qualify for the Games. Yasmeen played in four matches during the tournament, sitting out against Kazakhstan and Singapore.
Between 2013 and 2018, Yasmeen was capped 18 times, winning 4 games and drawing 2. As of 12 January 2018, she has earned 20 international caps.

#### Events participated in

* Asian Games hockey qualifiers: 2018
* Asian Hockey Federation (AHF) Cup: 2012, 2016
* Asian Hockey Challenge: 2013, 2017
* 30th Surjeet Sing Hockey Tournament 2014 Jalandhar, India
# Risto Duganov

Risto Duganov (born May 19, 1975) is a former Macedonian professional basketball Small forward who played for Žito Vardar, Nemetali Ogražden, Kumanovo and Crn Drim.
# Roadie (2011 film)

Roadie is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Michael Cuesta and written by Gerald Cuesta and Michael Cuesta. The film stars Ron Eldard, Jill Hennessy, Bobby Cannavale, Lois Smith, David Margulies and Catherine Wolf. The film was released on January 6, 2012, by Magnolia Pictures.

## Cast

* Ron Eldard as Jimmy
* Jill Hennessy as Nikki
* Bobby Cannavale as Randy Stevens
* Lois Smith as Mom
* David Margulies as Don Muller
* Catherine Wolf as Marilyn Muller
* Suzette Gunn as Lizette

## Release

The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 23, 2011. The film was released on January 6, 2012, by Magnolia Pictures.
# Risas amargas

Risas amargas (English: Bitter Laughter) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and broadcast by Telesistema Mexicano in 1961.

## Cast

* Isabela Corona
* Blanca de Castejón
* Miguel Córcega
* Manola Saavedra
* Miguel Ángel Ferriz
* Raúl Farell
# Peren

Peren may refer to:

## People
### Surname

* Geoffrey Peren, agricultural scientist and military officer
* Franz Wilhelm Peren [de], German economist, co-creator of the Peren–Clement index
* Maggie Peren [de; fr], German screenwriter and film director

## Places
### india

* Peren district, a district in Nagaland, India
** Peren Assembly constituency, legislative assembly in Nagaland, India
** Peren (town), a town in Nagaland, India
** Peren Government College, college in Peren, Nagaland
** Peren Circle
*** Old Peren, a village
*** New Peren, a village
*** Peren Namdi, a village

## Other

* Peren–Clement index, a method of risk analysis
# Periya Kalayamputhur (Dindigul district)

Periya Kalayamputhur is a panchayat village located in the Palani Block in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated 5 km from sub-district headquarter Palani and 60 km away from the district headquarter of Dindigul. The village covers an area of 1412.67 hectares and has a total population of 11,746, including 5,730 males and 6,016 females, according to 2011 census. There are about 3,171 houses in the village.
# Pet Circle

Pet Circle is an Australian online pet supplies company based in Sydney CBD, New South Wales, Australia, founded by Mike Frizell and James Edwards in 2011.

## History

Pet Circle was founded as Paws for Life by Mike Frizell and James Edwards in mid-2011. In early 2014, the company rebranded into the current name.
After a $3 million capital fund raising in 2014, the company tripled its warehouse operations and expanded its product range. Between 2013 and 2015, the company grew by over 300 per cent.
In December 2021, Pet Circle raised $125 million in Series C funding with a valuation of over $1 billion.
In May 2023, Pet Circle added pet insurance to its services. The company secured a $75 million investment in July 2023 to fund its expansion.

## Awards

In November 2014, the company was featured on Deloitte's list of fastest-growing technology companies. In 2015 the company's founder, Mike Frizell was nominated as a finalist in the Ernst and Young's Entrepreneur of the Year Awards.
# Rivière à la Loutre (Témiscamingue)

The rivière à la Loutre (English: Otter River) is a tributary of the upper part of the Ottawa River. Rivière à la Loutre crosses the territory of the municipalities of Fugèreville and Saint-Bruno-de-Guigues, in the regional county municipality (MRC) of Témiscamingue, in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

## Geography

The neighboring watersheds of the Rivière à la Loutre are:
* north side: Lake Timiskaming;
* east side: Laverlochère River, Cameron stream;
* south side: Lac Témiscamingue, Ottawa River, l'Africain stream;
* west side: lac Témiscamingue.
The main tributary of the Rivière à la Loutre is the Laverlochère River (coming from the east).
Lac d'Argent (formerly Lac d'Argent) (altitude: 292 m (958 ft)) constitutes the head lake of Rivière à la Loutre. ”It is located west of Lac Brisebois and west of the village of Ville-Marie.
From Lac d'Argent, the Rivière à la Loutre flows on 8.1 km (5.0 mi) west, then north, to the south shore of Lac des Douze, which the current crosses on 2.1 km (1.3 mi) to the north; then 4.8 km (3.0 mi) north to the mouth of the Laverdochère river (coming from the north); then, 21.2 km (13.2 mi) (or 12.9 km (8.0 mi) in a direct line) westward, forming several small coils, until the outlet of a stream coming from the south; then 12.8 km (8.0 mi) (or 9.0 km (5.6 mi) in a direct line) northward, forming several coils, to the discharge (coming from the north) of Deep Lake (altitude: 222 m (728 ft)); then 8.4 km (5.2 mi) west and north, up to its mouth.
Along its course, the Rivière à la Loutre collects several agricultural streams and passing just south of the village of Fugèreville. Its mouth is located at 229 m (751 ft) of altitude in the sixth rang of Fugèreville. The river flows into Paulson Bay, on the east shore of Lake Timiskaming, on the Ottawa River.

## Toponymy

The toponym Rivière à la Loutre was made official on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Rivière à la Loutre (Saguenay River tributary)

The rivière à la Loutre (English: Otter River) is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the municipality of Saint-Fulgence in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.
The route 172 (route de Tadoussac) crosses the river at the Otter at its mouth. Rang Saint-Louis road (north–south direction) serves the west side of this river.
Forestry is the sector's primary economic activity; second, recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Rivière à la Loutre is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe traffic on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.

## Geography

The main neighboring watersheds of the Rivière à la Loutre are:
* North side: Valin River, Saint-Louis River, Canada stream;
* East side: Lajoie stream, Outardes River, Moulin brook, Glissant brook, Pelletier River, rivière de la Descente des Femmes, Saguenay River, Sainte-Marguerite River;
* South side: Saguenay River;
* West side: Valin River, Caribou River, Shipshaw River.
The Rivière à la Loutre takes its source from a mountain stream (altitude: 231 m (758 ft)). This source is located at: 0.8 km (0.50 mi) to the south of the course of the le Petit Bras and at 9.9 m (32 ft) to the north-west from the mouth of the river to the Otter.
From its source, at the confluence of two mountain streams, the course of the Rivière à la Loutre descends on 14.0 km (8.7 mi) according to the following segments:
* 4.0 km (2.5 mi) south, to rang Sainte-Anne road;
* 3.3 km (2.1 mi) southwesterly, forming an easterly curve to Rang Sainte-Marie road;
* 5.3 km (3.3 mi) to the south in a deep valley, to a stream (coming from the west) corresponding to a bend in the river;
* 1.4 km (0.87 mi) towards the south-east at the foot of a mountain, delimiting the northern part of a small plain, to the mouth of the river.
The mouth of the Rivière à la Loutre flows onto the north shore of the Saguenay River in the municipality of Saint-Fulgence. This confluence of the Rivière à la Loutre is located at:
* 2.1 km (1.3 mi) east of the mouth of the Valin River;
* 4.0 km (2.5 mi) west of the center of the village of Saint-Fulgence;
* 9.4 km (5.8 mi) north-east of downtown Saguenay;
* 99.4 km (61.8 mi) west of the mouth of the Saguenay River.
From the mouth of the Rivière à la Loutre, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River eastwards to the height of Tadoussac where it meets the Saint Lawrence River.

## Toponymy

The toponym Rivière à la Loutre was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Personal carbon credits

Personal carbon credits are carbon credits created and owned by individuals who reduce their green house gas (GHG) emissions by a real and verifiable amount. Individuals cause GHG emissions from a variety of direct and indirect activities including transportation use, electrical use and home heating and cooling. Verifiable reductions in GHG emissions are aggregated into 1 metric ton increments and they become personal Carbon Credits. There are many firms that are creating applications to efficiently measure and track these emissions, while providing options to purchase and offset personal emissions.
Traditional carbon credits are purchased by GHG emitters to offset the difference between their actual emissions and their allowable limit under a cap and trade type GHG reduction program or to reduce their total GHG emissions under a voluntary limit. These same credits are created when specific GHG reduction projects produce real, additional and verifiable GHG reductions. These carbon projects are typically large in scale and include reforestation, fuel switching and biogas projects.
Personal carbon credits follow the same concept as traditional carbon credits, but these projects are small in scale, developed by individuals and encourage actual reduction in energy demand at the use point. They are applicable globally, wherever the verification requirements can be satisfied.
Personal carbon credits differ from personal carbon trading which imposes a cap or allowance on individual GHG emissions. Personal carbon credits are a voluntary method for individuals to directly reduce energy consumption and the resulting GHG emissions. Successful individual reductions are rewarded through lower utility costs and the value of the created personal carbon credits.
Personal carbon credits were first introduced by My Emissions Exchange in April 2009. Some experts on carbon credit markets have called for inclusion of small scale GHG reduction projects and verification methods that are valid, appropriate and cost effective for projects of this size. Personal carbon credits address this need and create more opportunities for GHG reductions.

## Verification

Verification and certification of all carbon credits are necessary to insure real GHG reductions are occurring and to insure buyer confidence in using credits to offset GHG emissions. There are many certification standards in existence today for both the compliance and voluntary credit markets. Personal carbon credits are a new approach to GHG reduction strategies and as such there are no specific protocols existing today within the various certification standards, specifically, because personal carbon credits are so new. However, the proper design of the verification system, such as the use of utility company billing meters and review of historical consumption patterns, can insure that personal carbon credits comply with all the requirements of The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by the World Resources Institute, including additionality. Greater awareness of personal carbon credits will encourage certification organizations to develop specific protocols in the future.
# Perth Assembly

Perth Assembly was a controversial book published by the Pilgrims in Leiden in 1619.
In the same year, before they departed on the Mayflower for Massachusetts; the book was smuggled into Scotland in wine vats. The book was critical of the Five Articles of Perth, a church statute which had been ratified by the General Assembly in Perth in 1618.
The Five Articles forced the episcopacy form of church governance onto Scotland, a change which King James I strongly supported and the Pilgrims rejected. The King considered the book, and its printers, publishers, and distributors, to be subversive.
The printer was Johannes Sol ("Soule") and the primary publishers were Thomas Brewer and William Brewster who went into hiding in 1619 before surreptitiously departing for Plymouth to escape threat of arrest. Other Pilgrims, such as George Soule (presumably the brother of the printer Johannes Sol), were also believed to have been involved in the printing of the book, and the controversy caused them to flee on the Mayflower and disguise their origins.
Johannes Sol's apprentice, Edward Raban, fled to Scotland in 1620 with Sol's pregnant widow after his death in a printing ink accident.
# Perth Building Society

Perth Building Society was Western Australia’s first building society. It operated from 1862 to 1987, when it amalgamated with the Hotham Permanent Building Society to form Challenge Bank.
PBS was founded by WA Attorney General George Frederick Stone, Lt. Col. J. Bruce, Adjutant General W. Knight, Rev. G.P. Pownall, Magistrate H. Wakefield and Joseph Thomas Reilly.
It proposed an earlier merger in 1981 with Bendigo Building Society, but Bendigo customers and shareholders opposed the move.
Bryce Moore's history of the Perth Building Society was published in 1989.
# Peshawbestown, Michigan

Peshawbestown (/ˈpʃɔːbətaʊn/ PSHAW-bə-town) is an unincorporated community in Suttons Bay Township of Leelanau in the U.S. state of Michigan. In historical documents, the name is spelled variously as Peshabetown, Peshabatown, Pshawbatown, Preshabestown.
The community is on M-22 about 10 miles (16 km) south of Northport, 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Suttons Bay, and about 20 miles (32 km) north of Traverse City. It is on the east side of the Leelanau Peninsula on the western shore of the Grand Traverse Bay.
Peshawbestown occupies about 12.5 acres (51,000 m$^2$) of the federally recognized Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians reservation. The primary economic base of the community is tourism, with the main feature being the Leelanau Sands Casino. Other notable feature include the historic Kateri Tekakwitha Catholic Church, dedicated to the first Native American saint in the Roman Catholic Church, who was canonized in 2012. She was a Mohawk woman who converted to Catholicism in New York in the French colonial period, later moving to Kahnawake near Montreal. The tribe holds the annual Peshawbestown Pow-Wow, which takes place each August with native foods, tribal art, and dancing.

## History

The community developed from a Franciscan Catholic mission, beginning about 1850, to the Chippewa and Ottawa peoples of the area and appears to have been named for a chief of the indigenous people. In 1911 the village was described as "two long rows of log cabins, built in 1849," in a February 12, 1911, Detroit Free Press article quoted by Powers. He refers to the place as Pshawbatown, and said that Father Ignatius Mrak brought a group of Chippewa from Sault Ste. Marie to here in 1849 when he established the mission.
But the Catholic Encyclopedia says that from 1849 to 1851, Mrak was assisting Father Francis Pierz in Arbre Croche, a former French colonial settlement near Harbor Springs on Little Traverse Bay.
Romig says the mission was begun in 1852 by Belgian-born Fr. Angelus Van Praemel. Mrak, who referred to it as Eagletown, succeeded him in 1855. Romig writes that Mrak's successor, the "Rev. Philip Zorn, calls it as Peshaube, after its ruling chief Peshaba; from 1895 on, Rev. Bruno Torka, O.F.M., who was next in charge, calls it Peshawbeston.

## Gallery

* Leelanau Sands Casino
* Saint Kateri Tekakwitha Paris
* Overlook of churchyard
# Peshawar–Kabul–Dushanbe motorway

The Peshawar–Kabul–Dushanbe motorway is a proposed motorway it will link Dushanbe to the port city of Karachi, via Khyber Pass the planned Peshawar–Kabul–Dushanbe motorway is a part of Khyber Pass Economic Corridor.

## Khyber Pass Economic Corridor

Peshawar–Kabul–Dushanbe motorway is part of Khyber Pass Economic Corridor.

## Details

It is expected to become a vital link to Afghanistan and Central Asia. It will be part of the Pakistan's Motorway Network. On March 4, 2015, the Pakistan government informed the National Assembly that a technical feasibility to construct the motorway was under consideration.

## Sections

The motorway would be divided into three parts, 50 km long Peshawar-Torkham, 76 km Torkham-Jalalabad and 139 km Jalalabad-Kabul last section will be Kabul to Dushanbe.
# Petar Kralj

Petar Kralj (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Краљ; 4 April 1941 – 10 November 2011) was a Serbian theater, film and television actor.

## Biography

Kralj was born in Zagreb to a Serb family from Banija. During World War II his family fled to Syrmia, where he grew up. He graduated from a gymnasium in Novi Sad and studied acting at the University of Arts in Belgrade. He started his acting career at Atelje 212 theater. Kralj appeared on stage about 3,000 times, and starred in over 200 films, TV series and TV films, gaining huge popularity as one of the most recognizable Serbian actors. In December 2000, he was ranked eighth in the Serbian newspaper Večernje novosti in the "Best Serbian Actors and Actresses of the 20th Century" list. In 2005, he played the lead role in first Serbian science fiction television series The Collector.
He died in Belgrade, aged 70.
# Pas-e Pashar

Pas-e Pashar پسی پاشر is a village in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.
# Kukdeshwar Temple

Kukdeshwar Temple is located in Pune District of Maharashtra, India. It is about 15 km west of Junnar and lies on the banks of Kukadi River. It is a Shiv temple noted for its beautiful sculptures and carvings. The roof of this temple is in a dilapidated state. Chavand fort, also known as Prasannagad, is approximately 3 km from Kukdeshwar temple. Nearest Town is Junnar.
# Constrictotermes

Constrictotermes is a genus of Neotropical higher termites within the subfamily Nasutitermitinae. They form large open-air foraging columns from which they travel to and from their sources of food, similar to the Indomalayan species of processionary termites. Species of this genus commonly build epigeal or arboreal nests and feed on a variety of lichens, rotted woods and mosses.

## Description

Soldiers are monomorphic and identifiable with a notable constriction of the head behind the antenna sockets; the antenna have 13-14 articles, and the points of the mandibles are small. Species of this genus are distributed throughout the Neotropics, occurring primarily within South America and Central America; with one species, C. guantanamensis, being found within the extreme southeastern coast of Cuba. Within South America, Constrictotermes spp. can be found from the tropical rainforests of the Amazon to the xeric shrublands of Northeastern Brazil.
As with all Nasutitermitinae termites, the soldiers are capable of shooting a noxious terpene based chemical repellant from their fontanellar gun that solidifies when exposed to air.

## Species

* Constrictotermes cavifrons
* Constrictotermes cyphergaster
* Constrictotermes guantanamensis
* Constrictotermes latinotus
* Constrictotermes rupestris
* Constrictotermes cacaoensis
# Sara Mitchell

Sara Mitchell (born October 21, 1949) is an American writer and novelist. Her historical novel, Virginia Autumn was a winner of the Maggie Award and a Christy Award finalist.
# Porcine viruses

Porcine viruses may refer to:
* Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
* Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
* Porcine circovirus
* Porcine parvovirus