OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# RAF Logistics Command

The Royal Air Force's Logistics Command was a command formed to provide logistics support for the RAF.

## History

The Command was formed on 1 April 1994 and its role was to provide logistics support to the RAF. The formation of Logistics Command resulted from the Government's PROSPECT study which was aimed to achieve a 20% reduction in the UK armed forces' headquarters staff to match the previous 'Options for Change' front-line cuts. This provided the mandate to create a centre of excellence in logistics management within the RAF with the task of delivering the best standards of support for the front-line whilst at the same time achieving significant reductions in cost.
The Command brought together most of the logistics functions of the Air Member for Supply and Organisation with those of RAF Support Command. These included the Maintenance Group Defence Agency, Support Command Communication and Information Systems, the Radio Introduction Unit, and the Central Servicing Development Establishment. Logistics Command was headquartered across two sites, RAF Brampton and RAF Wyton; on the later base 4 purpose-built open-planned pavilions were built. Its motto was Sustentamus ut Bellent which means 'We sustain that they may fight'.
The Strategic Defence Review (SDR) in 1997 marked the beginning of a process of radical and far-reaching modernization of the way the Armed Forces conducted defence activities including the creation of unified logistics support. Many of the RAF's innovations in Logistics Command were incorporated into the SDR's 'Smart Procurement Initiative'.
Logistics Command was disbanded on 31 October 1999 and thereafter the majority of its functions were subsumed by the tri-Services Defence Logistics Organisation which stood up formally on 1 April 2000.

## Air Officers Commanding-in-Chief

Air Officers Commanding-in-Chief were:
* 1 April 1994 – 8 March 1996 Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Alcock GCB KBE DSc FEng FIMechE FRAeS
* 8 March 1996 – 11 July 1997 Air Chief Marshal Sir John Allison KCB CBE FRAeS
* 11 July 1997 – 30 April 1999 Air Marshal Sir Colin Terry KBE CB BSc(Eng) FRAeS FRSA FILog FCGI
* 30 April 1999 – 3 September 1999 Air Marshal Malcolm Pledger OBE AFC BSc FRAeS RAF
* 3 September 1999 – 31 October 1999 Air Vice-Marshal Graham Skinner CBE MSc BSc CEng FILT FIMechE FIMgt MRAeS
# Copa Cafam

The Copa Internacional Cafam was a pre-season football tournament played in Estadio El Campín, Bogotá in late January. The tournament was organized by Millonarios and Caja de Compensacion Familiar (Cafam).
Millonarios took the Copa Cafam title in 2009, after beating América de Cali 4–2 on penalties.

## Results

| Year | Final | Final | Final | Third Place | Third Place | Third Place |
| Year | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2008 | América de Cali | 1 – 0 | Millonarios | Santa Fe | 3 – 0 | Huracán |
| 2009 Details | Millonarios | 0 – 0 (4 – 2) | América de Cali | Atlético Nacional | 2 – 1 | Argentinos Juniors |
| 2011 | América de Cali | 2 – 1 | Millonarios | Santa Fe | Shared | Junior |

## All-time scorers
### 2 goals

* Léider Preciado (Santa Fe)
* Luis Tejada (América de Cali) (Millonarios)
* Avilés Hurtado (América de Cali)

### 1 goal

* Adrian Ramos (América de Cali)
* Ricardo Ciciliano (Millonarios)
* Martín García (Millonarios)
* Carlos Castillo (Millonarios)
* César Valoyes (Santa Fe)
* Luis Fernando Mosquera (Santa Fe)
* Jhon Valencia (América de Cali)
* Carlos Marinelli (Millonarios)
* Aldo Ramírez (Atlético Nacional)
* Jairo Palomino (Atlético Nacional)
* Matías Caruzzo (Argentinos Juniors)
* Duván Zapata (América de Cali)
* Óscar Rodas (Santa Fe)
* José Luis Tancredi (Millonarios)

## Performances by team

| Team | Winners | Runners-Up | Third | Fourth |
| América de Cali | 2 (2008) (2011) | 1 (2009) | | |
| Millonarios | 1 (2009) | 2 (2008) (2011) | | |
| Atlético Nacional | | | 1 (2009) | |
| Santa Fe | | | 1 (2008) | |
| Argentinos Juniors | | | | 1 (2009) |
| Club Atlético Huracán | | | | 1 (2008) |
# Selayar

Selayar may refer to:
* Selayar Islands
* Selayar Island
* Selayar language
* Selayar Islands Regency
* Selayar Island, Lingga Archipelago, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia
# R v Noble

R v Noble, [1997] 1 S.C.R. 874 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the right to silence under section 11(c) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court held that the silence of an accused cannot be given any independent weight.

## Background

A building manager found two young men, one named Sean Jeffrey Noble, in the building's parking lot. One was attempting to break into a car using a screwdriver. He asked for identification from Noble, who provided his driver's licence. The manager held onto the licence and called the police.
At trial, neither the manager nor anyone else could identify Noble. The trial judge ruled that as the trier of fact he could look at the licence given to the manager and see that it was the accused in the picture on the licence. He also ruled that the manager would have looked carefully at the licence at the time of the alleged crime. He noted that the driver's licence made a much tougher case to meet by the accused, yet the accused remained silent. The judge drew a negative inference from this silence and said it could add strength to the Crown's case. Noble was convicted, but his conviction was set aside on appeal. The Crown then appealed to the Supreme Court.

## Ruling of the Court

Justice Sopinka, writing for the majority, dismissed the Crown's appeal. He held that there can be no independent weight given to an accused's silence, that the accused's silence is equal to his right against self-incrimination, and that giving weight to an accused's silence violates the right to silence and the presumption of innocence under the Charter.
# Ranken Technical College

Ranken Technical College is a private technical school in St. Louis, Missouri. It offers programs in five main divisions: Automotive, Electrical, Construction, Information Technology, and Manufacturing. The school has a student body consisting of approximately 2,300 students.

## History

Ranken Technical College was founded in 1907 by David Ranken Jr., as a private, non-profit educational institution to train students for employment in a variety of technical and mechanical occupations. Established with a foundation deed of more than $1 million, Ranken began its first academic year in September 1909. David Ranken later added his entire fortune to the school's endowment, which, since then, has contributed to the substantial growth of the college and helped to reduce annual operating costs and tuition.

## Academics

Ranken Technical College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It offers primarily associate degrees although it also offers two bachelor degree programs.

## Ranken Community Development Corporation (RCDC)

Recognizing a need for housing in the community it serves, Ranken Technical College established the Ranken Community Development Corporation (RCDC) in April 1994. Prior to establishing the RCDC, Ranken students exercised their skills through projects with community organizations such as Habitat for Humanity. As student and project schedules became more difficult to coordinate, the college began working to establish a non-profit, Ranken-run organization capable of providing affordable housing to the Central West End community.
The program combines the technical skills of its students and faculty with the need for affordable housing, enhancing North St. Louis city's neighborhoods.
Through the RCDC and their required curriculum, students receive hands-on experience in the carpentry and plumbing involved in the construction and renovation of single-family homes. The non-profit organization has built more than 50 homes to date. For each house, students and faculty members from Architectural Technology, Carpentry and Building Construction Technology, Plumbing Technology, and Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology use their skills to build houses in the neighborhood surrounding the college.
Once the houses are completed, they are sold. Proceeds are then used to build more homes and involve future students in home building projects.
# 2015 Aircel Chennai Open

The 2015 Aircel Chennai Open was a men's 2015 ATP World Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 20th edition of the only ATP tournament taking place in India and took place at the SDAT Tennis Stadium in Chennai, India, from 5 January through 11 January 2015. Firsts-seeded Stan Wawrinka won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

* Stan Wawrinka defeated Aljaž Bedene, 6–3, 6–4

### Doubles

* Lu Yen-hsun / Jonathan Marray defeated Raven Klaasen / Leander Paes, 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 20 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Doubles | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $72,490 | $38,180 | $20,680 | $11,785 | $6,940 | $4,115 | $665 | $320 | — |
| Doubles* | $22,020 | $11,580 | $6,270 | $3,590 | $2,100 | — | — | — | — |
$_{*perteam}$

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SUI | Stan Wawrinka | 4 | 1 |
| ESP | Feliciano López | 14 | 2 |
| ESP | Roberto Bautista Agut | 15 | 3 |
| BEL | David Goffin | 22 | 4 |
| ESP | Guillermo García López | 36 | 5 |
| TPE | Lu Yen-hsun | 38 | 6 |
| ESP | Marcel Granollers | 46 | 7 |
| LUX | Gilles Müller | 47 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 29 December 2014

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Somdev Devvarman
* Ramkumar Ramanathan
* Elias Ymer
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Aljaž Bedene
* Evgeny Donskoy
* N Vijay Sundar Prashanth
* Luca Vanni

### Retirements

* Marcel Granollers (knee injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RSA | Raven Klaasen | IND | Leander Paes | 49 | 1 |
| GER | Andre Begemann | NED | Robin Haase | 86 | 2 |
| SWE | Johan Brunström | USA | Nicholas Monroe | 120 | 3 |
| AUT | Oliver Marach | NZL | Michael Venus | 129 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 29 December 2014

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Sriram Balaji / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan
* Mahesh Bhupathi / Saketh Myneni
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Chandril Sood / Lakshit Sood

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Alejandro González (shoulder injury)
# Schistura amplizona

Schistura amplizona is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura. It been recorded from only two river basins, the Nam Tha and Nam Youan, in northern Laos, of these the Nam Youam flows to Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, China and specimens of this species have been collected very close to the border so this species may occur in Yunnan. Its preferred habitat appears to be streams with a moderate flow and a bed of rock or pebbles. This species is harvested by local subsistence fisheries but the main potential threats are alteration of natural water courses through deforestation and agriculture.
# Poligeenan

Poligeenan (CAS No. 53973-98-1) is a low viscosity, low molecular weight, sulfated polygalactan polymer used exclusively in clinical diagnostic applications. The polymer is derived from the molecular backbone of carrageenan.

## Terminology

The name "poligeenan" was confirmed in 1988 by the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council. The Council is sponsored by the American Medical Association, the American Pharmaceutical Association, and the US Pharmacopeial Convention Inc.
Prior to 1988, poligeenan was referred to as "degraded carrageenan" in the scientific literature. The terms "poligeenan" and "degraded carrageenan" were often used interchangeably in research articles and reports. The use of the term "degraded carageenan" caused confusion, which resulted in the attribution of the negative observations associated the polymer being attributed to carrageenan. Poligeenan and carrageenan are completely different products.

## Usage
### Diagnostic

The primary use for poligeenan is for clinical diagnostic applications, and specifically the suspension of barium sulfate slurries used in X-ray studies of the mouth, throat, and esophagus during swallowing. For this application, poligeenan delivers three essential properties: First, its viscosity imparts lubricity to make the slurry easier to swallow. Second, this same viscosity is high enough to maintain full suspension of all barium sulfate particles during the complete X-ray procedure. Third, the high charge density of the poligeenan solution (ester sulfate units) prevents caking or aggregation of the barium sulfate particles during long-term storage of ready-to-use slurry products, these being easily reconstituted by shaking. The combination of these three application properties necessitates poligeenan to have molecular weights in the range 10-20 kDa.

### Experimental research

In 1969, Adrian Julian Marcus and James Watt demonstrated that poligeenan could induce gastrointestinal lesions in animal models, which was followed by decades of medical research using the substance to study inflammatory bowel disease.

### Food

Poligeenan is not an approved food additive in the United States. The low molecular weight of poligeenan precludes it from exhibiting functionality in food. The International Agency for Research on Cancer assigned poligeenan to carcinogenic risk category 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Unlike poligeenan, carrageenan is an approved food additive with an extensive toxicology data base that has been reviewed by regulatory bodies and provides scientific evidence for safe inclusion in foods.

## Production

Poligeenan is produced by the harsh acid degradation of carrageenan. Carrageenan in solution is processed at low pH (~1.0) and high temperature (90 °C (190 °F)) for up to six hours until the weight-average molecular weight (M$_w$) has been reduced to the range 10,000 – 20,000 daltons (10–20 kDa). The resulting poligeenan solution is neutralized and spray dried to a fine powder.
# Sinno

Sinno may refer to :
* Sinni (river)
* sinno family (Lebanese Family)
# Copa Bolivia (Ascenso)

Copa Bolivia was the third tier of the Bolivian Football pyramid. The inaugural season was played in 2012, and the last season was played in 2016. The Copa Bolivia comprised the nine runners-up of the Regional Leagues, the runners-up of the Torneo Nacional Interprovincial and two invited teams. The best three teams of the competition were promoted to the Liga Nacional B.
Teams had to use at least one U-20 player throughout any match; likewise, the number of non-Bolivian players was limited to a maximum of four players at any given point of a match.

## List of Champions

| Ed. | Season | Champion | Runner-up |
| 1 | 2012 | Enrique Happ Real Trópico | Ciclón |
| 2 | 2013 | ABB | García Agreda |
| 3 | 2014 | El Torno | Atlético Bermejo |
| 4 | 2015 | Royal Pari | Arauco Prado |
| 5 | 2016 | Destroyers | Always Ready |

## Titles by club

| Club | Titles | Seasons won |
| ABB | 1 | 2013 |
| Destroyers | 1 | 2016 |
| Enrique Happ Real Trópico | 1 | 2012 |
| El Torno | 1 | 2014 |
| Royal Pari | 1 | 2015 |
# Ray, Alabama

Ray is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. Its population was 326 as of the 2020 census.
# Ranken dart

The Ranken Dart was an anti-Zeppelin weapon developed during the First World War. It was an air-dropped 1 lb (450 g) explosive flechette-type of missile-shaped bomb which was 13 inches (330 mm) long and 5.9 inches (150 mm) wide while being of a steel and wood construction.
It was developed for use against German Zeppelin airships by Engineer Lieutenant Commander Francis Ranken, initially as a Royal Naval Air Service weapon but was also adopted by the Royal Flying Corps in 1916.
Usually carried in packs of 24; the darts could be dropped individually or all at once. Aircraft equipped with Ranken darts had to climb above their targets, before dropping them. It entered service in February 1916. Ranken Darts became obsolete with the advent of the combination of explosive Pomeroy bullets and incendiary ammunition fired from .303 Vickers and Lewis guns mounted on fighter aircraft.

## Design

The Ranken dart consisted of a tinplate tube 23cm long, with a cast iron pointed nose at one end, and a plug and three spring loaded arms at the other. The arms were kept closed in storage by means of a cap, either tin or rubber, which acted as a buffer when the dart was in its dropping tube. When released, the arms opened up and locked in place to act as a grapnel, thus ensuring that the body entered the fabric. The Dart contained high explosive, black powder and phosphorus which were ignited when the head penetrated the airship's outer skin.
# Strange Relations (band)

Strange Relations is an American indie rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## History

Strange Relations began in 2011, shortly after the members moved to Minneapolis. Their debut album, -CENTRISM, was released in 2015. The band released an EP in 2016 titled Going Out. In 2017, Strange Relations released their sophomore album, Editorial You, on Tiny Engines.

## Discography

Studio albums
* -CENTRISM (2015, self-released)
* Editorial You (2017, Tiny Engines)
EPs
* Going Out (2016, Tiny Engines)

## Band members

* Casey Sowa (vocals, drums)
* Maro Helgeson (vocals, bass, synth)

## Former members

* Andrew ‘Theramu’ Shaw (Guitar).
* Nate Hart-Andersen (Guitar).
# Prajñā (Buddhist monk)

Prajñā (Chinese: 般若三藏 or 般若; pinyin: Bōrě Sāncáng or Bō Rě, 734), was a 9th-century Buddhist monk born in Kapisa, near modern Kabul, Afghanistan.
He visited Tang China and contributed several important retranslations of Sanskrit sutras into Chinese. Some of his main works are:
* The Avatamsaka Sutra (Chinese: 華嚴經)
* The Heart Sutra (Chinese: 大乘理趣六波羅密多經)
* The Mahayana Sutra of Mind Meditation from the Jataka tales (Chinese: 大乘本生心地觀經)
Prajñā reportedly befriended the Japanese monk Kūkai, future founder of Shingon Buddhism, during his pilgrimage to China. He is said to have helped Kūkai learn and understand Sanskrit source texts.
According to the Zhenyuan Catalogue, Prajñā translated a work known as the Satparamita Sutra into Chinese with the help of the Christian monk Jingjing. This work does not survive.
# Sant Agustí de Lluçanès

Sant Agustí de Lluçanès (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of Osona in Catalonia, Spain.
Although the municipality lies within the natural region of Lluçanès, it voted in 2015 not to join a proposed new comarca of that name, but the plan was put on hold due to insufficient support.
# Rye Cross

Rye Cross is a hamlet in south-west Worcestershire 1 mile west of Castlemorton, 0.5 miles east of Berrow and 1 mile south of Hollybush, near the borders of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire. Eastnor Castle and the towns of Malvern, and Ledbury are nearby. There are several traditional English pubs in the area.

## Population

The 2000 census showed the area to have a population of <700 (Castlemorton, Birtsmorton, Rye Cross, Berrow predominantly)
* This Worcestershire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Rachel Cooper

Rachel Cooper might refer to:
* Rachel Cooper (philosopher) (born 1974), British philosopher
* Rachel Cooper (presenter) (born 1954), American arts presenter
* Rachel Cooper (soccer) (born 1989), Australian football player
# Real Cortijo de San Isidro

The Real Cortijo de San Isidro is a village that is administratively part of the municipality of Aranjuez within the Community of Madrid, Spain. As the name of the village implies, it was a royal agricultural estate and it retains a winery complete with wine-cellar which unusually was built with royal patronage.
It has a voluntary, but official, village council known as 'una entidad local menor' that presides over an area of 1126 hectares. The Spanish State Statistical Survey of 2013 found 296 male and 306 female residents.

## Etymology

The settlement was named after San Isidro the farm-worker, the patron saint of farmers.

## History

Real Cortijo is notable because it was built as an experimental agricultural station in 1766 during the Enlightenment, which was inspired by King Carlos III, an enthusiastic physiocrat who was persuaded that the value of his kingdom lay more in its lands and people than in the gold and silver stored in its treasury.
After the death of Carlos III, the Cortijo fell into decay, as his son, Carlos IV, showed little interest in agriculture. In 1868, during the reign of Isabel II, the farm was sold off.
In 1944, after the civil war, the Spanish National Institute of Colonization sequestered the land. Previous owners and new settlers from various other provinces became tenants. The existing residential area was extended by the addition of newly built homes.
In the 1950s local land and houses were sold to individuals. A royal decree of September 1957 formally established the local council as a legal entity. On 15 May, the saints-day of the patron San Isidro, a festival is celebrated which traditionally includes a lively sale of local farm and market-garden produce.

## Facilities

It possesses a great house La Casa Grande, a winery known as La Real Bodega de Carlos III, and an associated wine cellar, La Cueva. In 1788, the year in which Carlos III died, a neo-classical Church, La Ermita del Real Cortijo de San Isidro en Aranjuez, was added.
# Say It (Kids in the Kitchen song)

"Say It" is a song by Australian pop/new wave group Kids in the Kitchen. The song was released in August 1987 as the second single from their second studio album, Terrain (1987). The song peaked at number 31 on the Australian Kent Music Report.

## Track listing

7" (K-368)
* Side A "Say It" - 4:05
* Side B "White Love" (Live At The Peking Cultural Centre) - 4:16
12" (X13294)
* Side A "Say It" (Extended Version) - 6:22
* Side B "Say It" (Swelter Bound Mix) - 6:25

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| Australian Kent Music Report | 31 |
# Scott Campbell (author)

Scott Campbell (born March 24, 1945, in Michigan) is an American writer. He lives in Boston and works as Director of Communications in the MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Campbell holds a master's in creative writing from Vermont College.

## Early life

Scott Campbell received his undergraduate degree in English from Ohio University, completed his graduate work in Public Communications at Boston University, and completed his education with a master's in creative writing from Vermont College.

## Career

Campbell's early career spans from being a producer for a Boston ad agency to a talent agent while as a restaurant waiter before pursuing his freelance writing. Campbell has taught writing at MIT and Emerson College. He lives in Jamaica Plain, Boston, and works as Director of Communications in the School of Architecture and Planning. His book Aftermath, which was inspired by trending suicides in the gay community, was filmed by Caroline Link in 2008 in Germany as A Year Ago in Winter (German: Im Winter ein Jahr). he also wrote the book Touched in 1996.
# 396th

396th may refer to:
* 396th Bombardment Group, inactive United States Air Force unit
* 396th Bombardment Squadron, associate unit of the 15th Wing at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii
* 396th Fighter Squadron or 182d Fighter Squadron, unit of the Texas Air National Guard 149th Fighter Wing located at Kelly Field Annex
* 396th Infantry, infantry regiment of the United States Army National Guard that saw action in World War I and World War II
# Powhattan, Ohio

Powhattan is an unincorporated community in Champaign County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Powhattan was founded no later than the 1850s. The community was named after Chief Powhatan.
# Sant Alís

Sant Alís is the highest mountain of Montsec d'Ares, the central part of the Serra del Montsec in Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,675 metres above sea level.