OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sticking knife

A sticking knife is primarily an agricultural tool. Sticking knives resemble daggers in shape and function, but are made for the utilitarian purpose of "sticking" or bleeding out livestock in home butchering. In some cases the animal would die directly from blood loss, where in others the animal would be killed beforehand and hung by the hind legs to bleed out.

## Description

A sticking knife usually consists of a double edge pointed blade approximately six inches long. Blades are traditionally made of high carbon steel (such as 1095). Handles are simple, consisting usually of two hardwood scales riveted through the full, flat blade tang. Sticking knives generally lack any kind of guard.
Sticking knives are generally inexpensive and rugged, making them a viable choice for gardeners, farmers and sportsmen.

## Production

Few companies continue to produce sticking knives. Firearms have generally replaced the sticking knife in home livestock processing. Most slaughterhouses use humane killers, which project a steel rod through the skull of the animal. Because sticking knives are so infrequently used, a home butcher may choose another type of knife that would serve other purposes as well. A boning knife or narrow hunting knife is commonly used in place of the more specialized sticking knife.
The Ontario cutlery company continues to produce traditional sticking knives in their "old hickory" knife line. Some people may still want a sticking knife for chores other than slaughtering livestock. Although double edged blades are usually considered by law enforcement as weapons, in situations where they are acceptable they have a few advantages. Having twice the edge length of a single edge knife they can be used longer between sharpenings. This advantage may be offset however because the thumb of the cutting hand can't press against the spine of the blade. With a single edged blade thumb pressure is often exerted for heavy cutting chores.
# 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

The finals and the qualifying heats of the Men's 4×200 metres Freestyle Relay event at the 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships were held on the second day of the competition, on Friday 18 April 1997 in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## Finals

| Rank | Final | Time |
| | Australia Michael Klim Grant Hackett Bill Kirby Matthew Dunn | 7:02.74 WR 1:45.21 1:45.61 1:46.41 1:45.51 |
| | Sweden Anders Lyrbring Anders Holmertz Lars Frölander Fredrik Letzler | 7:05.61 |
| | Great Britain Paul Palmer Andrew Clayton Mark Stevens James Salter | 7:05.81 |
| 4. | Germany | 7:05.90 |
| 5. | Denmark | 7:15.57 |
| 6. | United States | 7:16.59 |
| 7. | Brazil | 7:18.42 |
| 8. | New Zealand | 7:19.81 |

## Qualifying heats

| Rank | Heats | Time |
| 1. | Germany | 7:10.53 |
| 2. | Great Britain | 7:11.13 |
| 3. | Australia | 7:12.33 |
| 4. | Sweden | 7:13.79 |
| 5. | United States | 7:16.88 |
| 6. | Brazil | 7:17.23 |
| 7. | Denmark | 7:20.21 |
| 8. | New Zealand | 7:21.56 |
| 9. | Canada | 7:22.29 |
| 10. | Switzerland | 7:25.61 |
| 11. | Venezuela | 7:28.64 |
| 12. | Uzbekistan | 7:33.44 |
| 13. | Chile | 7:45.71 |
| 14. | South Africa | 7:51.27 |
# Pterostylis recurva

Pterostylis recurva commonly known as the jug orchid, recurved shell orchid, antelope orchid or bull orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a relatively common orchid which has up to four jug-shaped or funnel-shaped white flowers with green and brown lines and markings. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a short stalk.

## Description

Pterostylis recurva, is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of between three and seven leaves 7–40 mm (0.3–2 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. Flowering plants lack a rosette but have between ten and sixteen stem leaves which are 30–50 mm (1–2 in) long and 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide with their bases wrapped around the flowering stem. Up to four white flowers with green and brown lines are borne on the flowering stem which is 150–900 mm (6–40 in) high. The flowers are jug-shaped or funnel-shaped, 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long and 15–25 mm (0.6–1 in) wide. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood or "galea" over the column with the dorsal sepal having a narrow tip 4–6 mm (0.2–0.2 in) long. The lateral sepals are joined for about half their length and suddenly taper to narrow tips 23–26 mm (0.91–1.0 in) long which turn sharply downwards. The labellum is reddish, insect-like and held inside the flower except for its tip. Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis recurva was first formally described in 1873 by George Bentham and the description was published in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet (recurva) is a Latin word meaning "bent backward" referring to the downcurved lateral sepals.

## Distribution and habitat

The jug orchid is found in woodland, shrubland, forest and in shallow soil on granite outcrops. It grows in sand, clay, laterite and gravel soils and is common and widespread between Geraldton and Israelite Bay.

## Conservation

Pterostylis recurva is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Alkyl sulfonate

Alkyl sulfonates are esters of alkane sulfonic acids with the general formula R-SO$_2$-O-R'. They act as alkylating agents, some of them are used as alkylating antineoplastic agents in the treatment of cancer, e.g. Busulfan.
# Ramshah Tomar

Ramshah Tomar (born Ramsingh Tomar) was the last Tomara Rajput king of Gwalior. He was ousted by Akbar and sought refuge at his maternal home in Mewar which at the time was the only state offering resistance to Akbar. Owing to his valour, Udai Singh gave him the title of "Shaho Ka Shah" and also married one of his daughter to Ramshah's son Shalivahan Singh Tomar.
Abd al-Qadir Badayuni, a Mughal historian who fought against Ramshah in the Battle of Haldighati praised him in his book as follows -
"I saw that the warrior left the battle of the elephants on the right and reached the main part of the Mughal army and carried out dangerous manslaughter there. Ramshah, the grandson of the famous Raja Man Singh of Gwalior, who always remained in Rana's Haraval (front row), showed such valor which is beyond the power of writing. Due to his powerful attack of Mansingh kachwaha on the left side of Haraval had to flee and take shelter of the Sayyids of the right side, which also caused Asaf Khan to flee. If the Sayyid people had not survived at that time, then the runaway army of the Haraval (front row) had created such a situation that we would have faced a shameful defeat."
Abul fazl, the grand Vizier of Akbar who wrote Akbarnama wrote -
"These two (Ramshah & Shalivahan) were friends of war and enemies of life, who had made life cheap and honour expensive. Battling with valour, Ramshah, his three sons - Shalivahan Singh, Bhavani Singh, Pratap Singh, a grandson - Balbhadr and 300 of his Tomar followers were all martyred. Not a single brave man of the Tanwar clan survived the war."
Owing to their Valour and devotion, Two Chhatris (Memorials) were made by Maharana Karan Singh (grandson of Maharana Pratap) in Rakt Talai for Ramshah Tomar and Shalivahan Singh Tomar.

## Lineage & Descendants

Tanwar Descendants of Sohan Singh s/o Anangpal Tanwar, the ruler of Delhi in the 12th century.
* Virsingh nearly A.D.1375
* Uddhharandev A.D.1400
* Vikramdev
* Ganapatidev A.D.1419
* Dugarendrasingh
* Kalyanmalla
* Man Singh Tanwar A.D.1486
* Vikramaditya Tanwar
* Ramshah Tanwar
** Shalivahan Singh Tomar, married a daughter of Udai Singh II of Mewar
*** Shyamshah Tomar,..
*** Mitrasen Tomar
*** Rao Dharmagat
** Bhawani Singh Tomar
** Pratap Singh Tomar
Later on, his descendants ruled from the Thikanas in Lakhansar (Bikaner), Khetasar and Kelawa (Jodhpur) and Dalniya (Jaipur).
# Rowland Stephenson (banker)

Rowland Stephenson (19 May 1782 – 2 July 1856) was a British banker and politician who precipitated the collapse of a bank and took refuge in America.
The son of a banker and a great nephew of his namesake, MP for Carlisle (1787–1790), he had been born at sea when his family returned from Florida when their business failed after the American War of Independence. He joined Remington, Stephenson & Company on leaving Eton. He already had several properties in Essex, the manor of Cockermouth and How Hatch estate in Dagenham, before adding to his property in Romford by buying Marshalls in 1816.

## Family life

In 1771, Stephenson's father, John (died 1822), married Mary Broadley, the niece of Royal Naval commander, Thomas Broadley. In 1776, John became a member of the King's Council in Pensacola, Florida—under British control since 1763—where he worked as a merchant and provisioning agent. During the American Revolutionary War, John's business collapsed and opted to return to London and become a banking partner in his uncle Rowland Stephenson's bank. It was during their return to London while still at sea that Mary gave birth to Rowland. Stephenson was baptised 2 August 1782 in Camden Town, Greater London.
Stephenson married his cousin, Mary Eliza, on 23 April 1807. His eldest son, Rowland Macdonald Stephenson (1808–1895), became a civil engineer and managing director of the East India Railway Company, for which he was knighted in October 1856.

## Banking career

He was treasurer of St Bartholomew's Hospital from 1824 until 1829, where he had an apartment.

## Parliamentary career

After several attempts he was elected MP for the Leominster constituency from February 1827 to February 1830, although only after the candidate who had beaten him in 1826 was disqualified.

## Banking scandal

Stephenson had apparently invested heavily in Thomas Hornor's London Colosseum and the bank was rumoured to want to remove him from partnership, when he was reported as having taken hundreds of thousands of pounds of securities and cash from Remington, Stephenson, & Coleman on 27 December 1828. He was then reported as cashing the securities, buying a brace of loaded pistols from a pawnbroker, and disappearing. The case achieved great notoriety: for example, his escape via Clovelly was included in a book of illustrations, and the American writer James Fenimore Cooper wrote of being asked in various places about why Stephenson had been allowed to remain in America after landing in Savannah, Georgia, being taken by bounty hunters to New York, but granted habeas corpus rather being returned England to stand trial.
# Roger Stevens

Roger Stevens may refer to:
* Roger Stevens (diplomat) (1906–1980), British academic, diplomat and civil servant
* Roger L. Stevens (1910–1998), American theatrical producer, arts administrator and real estate executive
* Roger Stevens, Belgian judge, President of the Council of State
# Prater & Hayes

Prater & Hayes were American black musicians from Vicksburg, Mississippi, United States, who made recordings in the 1920s. Matthew Prater was a mandolin player; Napoleon Hayes played the guitar. They were the first to record Scott Joplin's "The Entertainer", under the title "Easy Winner", combining it with another song. Another tune they borrowed from Joplin was "Somethin' Doin'."
Hayes was born in West Corinth, Mississippi in 1885, and Prater in New Albany, Mississippi on June 30, 1889.
Their recordings showed a fusion of musical styles, of string band, blues and ragtime. Prater took the lead with his mandolin, while Hayes played rhythm guitar. They recorded music under two different group names, the 'Blue Boys' and the 'Johnson Boys' (with Lonnie Johnson).
The three records that they produced were recorded in Memphis, Tennessee, on February 15, 1928.
* "Easy Winner", the Blue Boys (combined Joplin's "The Entertainer" with "Creole Belles", by J. Bodewalt Lampe)
* "Memphis Stomp" (side 2) with Lonnie Johnson on fiddle
* "Prater Blues" (side 1), the Johnson Boys
* "Violin Blues" (side 2), the Johnson Boys (Lonnie Johnson on fiddle)
* "Somethin' Doin'"
* "Nothin' Doin'"
Their lives after 1928, and the dates of their deaths, are unreported.
# Declan McDonogh

Declan McDonogh (born 21 January 1980) in County Meath is an Irish jockey who competes in Flat racing. McDonogh rode his first winner at Leopardstown Racecourse in June 1995 and has worked for trainers Kevin Prendergast, John Oxx and Joseph O'Brien . He was Irish flat racing Champion Jockey in the 2006 season.

## Major wins

Ireland
* Phoenix Stakes - (1) - La Collina (2011)
* Pretty Polly Stakes - (2) - Polaire (1999), Rebelline (2001)
* Tattersalls Gold Cup - (1) - Rebelline (2002)
* Vincent O'Brien National Stakes - (2) - Kingsfort (2009), Thunder Moon (2020)
France
* Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp - (1) - Maarek (2013)
# Pterygosomatidae

Pterygosomatidae is a family of prostigs in the order Trombidiformes. There are at least two genera and two described species in Pterygosomatidae.

## Genera

* Geckobia
* Pimeliaphilus
# Saint Agatha's Conservatory of Music and Arts

St. Agatha's Conservatory of Music and Arts or the Exchange Building, located on Exchange Street in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was Minnesota's first fine arts school, established by Ellen Ireland, Eliza Ireland, (sisters of John Ireland) and Ellen Howard. The 1908–1910 building was designed by John H. Wheeler.
* Interior hallway
* Isometric view from the north
# Sabanas de San Ángel

Sabanas de San Ángel (Spanish pronunciation:), Spanish for Savannas of Saint Angel, is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of Magdalena. Founded around 1607 with the name San Antoñito by the Spanish Colonizers as a pathway town in the route between La Guajira Department and the Magdalena River. On June 24, 1999 the municipality is created with the name of Sabanas de San Angel that segregated from the municipalities of Ariguaní, Pivijay, Chibolo and Plato.

## Politics
### Administrative divisions

Corregimientos and caseríos:
* Monterrubio
* Casa de Tabla
* La Horqueta
* Flores de Maria
* Pueblo de los Barrios
* San Roque
* Céspedes
* Pueblo Nuevo
* Estación Villa.
# Rajčevce

Rajčevce is a village in the municipality of Trgovište, in southeastern Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 11 people.
# Rowland Stephenson

Rowland Stephenson may refer to:
* Rowland Stephenson (banker) (1782–1856), British politician
* Rowland Stephenson (Carlisle MP) (??–1807), English politician
* Rowland Macdonald Stephenson (1808–1895), British engineer
# Roger Stevens (diplomat)

Sir Roger Bentham Stevens, GCMG (8 June 1906 – 20 February 1980) was a British academic, diplomat and civil servant.

## Life

Stevens was born 8 June 1906. He was educated at Wellington College and Queen's College, Oxford. He married his first wife, Constance Hallam Hipwell (died 1976), in 1931, and they later had a son, Bryan Constant Sebastian Bentham Stevens. His second wife was Jane Chandler (née Irving), whom he married in 1977. He died on 20 February 1980, and she deposited his papers in the Churchill Archives, University of Cambridge in 1984.

## Diplomatic career

In 1928 Stevens entered the UK Consular Service, serving in Buenos Aires, New York City, Antwerp, Denver, and the Foreign Office in London.
In 1951 he was appointed British Ambassador to Sweden, then in 1954, British Ambassador to Persia. He wrote two books on Persia, The Land of the Great Sophy (1962) and First View of Persia (1964), and continued to contribute to academic journals on the same subject in later life. In 1958 he returned to London as Deputy Under-Secretary of State, Foreign Office, until 1963.

## Other activities

In 1963 he took up the position of Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds which he held until 1970. Other positions were:
* Advisor to First Secretary of State on Central Africa, 1963–1970
* Chairman of Yorkshire and Humberside Economic Planning Council, 1965–1970,
* Panel of Inquiry into Greater London Development Plan member, 1970–1972,
* Chairman of the Committee on Mineral Planning Control, 1972–1974,
* United Nations Administrative Tribunal (UNAT) member, 1972–1977.

## Honours

Stevens was a KCMG and later GCMG. He is commemorated in the Roger Stevens Building on the campus of Leeds University.
# Samurai Sessions vol.1

Samurai Sessions vol.1 is an EP by Japanese musician Miyavi. It was released on November 14, 2012 in Japan, and featured collaboration with various artists. It charted as number twenty one on Oricon and seventeen on Billboard Japan.

## Background

This EP was released on November 14, 2012 in Japan by EMI Records Japan, in regular and limited CD/DVD format, featuring official music videos and those filmed in studio along featured artists. It is also available worldwide as a digital release on iTunes Store.
In October 2011, was released first album single, and Miyavi's twelfth major, "Strong". It was a collaboration with Japanese rapper Kreva. From then until the end of the year Miyavi went on North and South American legs of the What's My Name?, his third worldwide tour. In 2012, on February 19, Miyavi performed at the second EMI Rocks event in Saitama Super Arena. On June 29, he performed at the EHZ Festival in Helette, while on June 30, he was the only Asian representative at the Main Square Festival in Arras, France. On July 11, his thirteenth major single, "Day 1," was released in collaboration with the French electronic producer and DJ, Yuksek. On September 8, Miyavi performed at the 908 Festival, organized by Kreva, in Saitama Super Arena. In October two concerts were held in Indonesia. In November 14, when was released the album Samurai Sessions vol.1, Miyavi done many collaborations, from which songs were included in the album. The featured artists, besides Kreva and Yuksek, include breakbeat duo Hifana, rock singer Takeshi Hosomi from The Hiatus, jazz keyboardist H Zett M from Pe'z, shamisen artist Hiromitsu Agatsuma, flamenco guitarist Jin Oki, bassist and producer Seiji Kameda, and singer Miu Sakamoto.

## Release

When the album was released, it peaked at number twenty-one on the Oricon, and seventeen on Billboard Japan charts in Japan. It charted for twelve weeks on Oricon charts. The singles "Strong" and "Day 1", peaked on Japan Hot 100 at number fifteen, and sixty-six. They also charted on Hot 100 Airplay, as seventeen, and sixty-three. "Strong" also charted as twenty-one on Adult Contemporary list.
In 2013, Miyavi and Yuksek received the Best Collaboration award for "Day 1" at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Miyavi and featured artists
# Prison register

In the UK prison registers were kept from 1805 to 1892 (in London records were first kept in 1791). They list the place of birth and given name of the inmate, along with his any evidence of identity (such as distinguishing marks) and place of residence, while some also include marital status, religion and number of children.
For repeat offenders and escapees a description was added, and with juveniles, who were also housed in adult prisons, the names and address of their parents were included in the records.
A 19th century prison register is on display in the lobby of the Hamilton County Justice Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the United States.

## History
### Early registers England and Wales

Until the 19th century, prisons were run locally and did not rely on the central government to run them. These prisons were generally for minor offenses and the detainment of criminals awaiting trial. The registers at this time contained minimal information such as name, offense and sentence. During the 19th century, imprisonment as a punishment became widely known and the central government became more involved with administration and ownership. Some of the earliest prisons were Millbank (1816), Parkhurst (1838), Pentonville (1842) and Portland (1846). During this time, prison administrators began keeping exceptional records of inmates to include detailed biographical information and photographs which assisted in tracing the movement of prisoners from one prison to another.

### Classification

Prison registers fell into four distinct record sources; Home Office Prison Records (1770-1951, Prison Registers (Millbank, Parkhurst, Pentonville) 1847–1866, Register of Prisoners in County Prisons 1838–1875, and Millbank Prison Register 1816–1826.

#### Home Office prison records 1770–1951

Large set of records and contains registers of prisoners, photographs, minute books, visitor logs, order invoices, journals, and quarter session calendars.

#### Prison registers (Millbank, Parkhurst, Pentonville) 1847–1866

Besides general information these records could include prison's age, marital status, number of offspring, read or write information, trade/employment, offense, sentence, criminal record, and any prison relocation (when and where).

#### Register of prisoners in county prisons 1838–1875

County Prisons helped with the overflow from the national prisons and were located in the counties of Aylesbury, Bath, Leeds, Leicester, Northampton, Nottingham, Preston, Reading, Somerset and Wakefield.

#### Millbank Prison Register 1816–1826

This is one of the most popular registers. specific information about the prisoner was name, age, birthplace, occupation, marital status, physical details, state of health, character in prison, crime, sentence and discharge details.
# 3-Nitrobenzanthrone

3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-nitro-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one) is a chemical compound emitted in diesel exhaust; it is a potent carcinogen. It produced the highest score ever reported in the Ames test, a standard measure of the cancer-causing potential of toxic chemicals, far greater than the previous known strongest (1,8-dinitropyrene, which is also found in diesel exhaust).
# Puberty Blues

Puberty Blues may refer to:
* Puberty Blues (novel), a 1979 novel by Gabrielle Carey and Kathy Lette
* Puberty Blues (film), a 1981 film based on the novel
* "Puberty Blues" (song), a song by Jenny Morris for the film
* Puberty Blues (TV series), an Australian drama television series
# R v Governor of Brockhill Prison, ex p Evans

R v Governor of Brockhill Prison, ex parte Evans (No 2) is an English case decided by the House of Lords on appeal from the Court of Appeal. It has been called "important".
It involved the unlawful detention of a prisoner. The governor had sentenced the prisoner on the basis of an interpretation of a statute which had originally been supported by the courts, but which had subsequently been held to be wrong. It was clear that the governor was blameless, but the sentence raised questions as to whether the new interpretation of the statute should apply prospectively only. The majority of the Law Lords held that, on the facts of this case, it was not appropriate for the interpretation to apply prospectively only, but all of them also accepted that the development of a rule might, in appropriate circumstances, apply prospectively. Lord Slynn of Hadley reasoned that "there may be decisions in which it would be desirable, and in no way unjust, that the effect of judicial rulings should be prospective or limited to certain claimants."

## Court of Appeal

This was a decision of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal, on appeal from the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court.
# Saint Innocent

Saint Innocent may refer to:
* Pope Innocent I
* Saint Innocent of Alaska
* Saint Innocent, of the Theban Legion
* Saint Innocent, a bishop of Tortona
* Saint Innocent of Irkutsk, bishop
# Rosie O'Grady

Rosie O'Grady is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by John H. Collins and starring Viola Dana, Tom Blake and James Harris.

## Cast

* Viola Dana as Rosie O'Grady
* Tom Blake as Chimmie
* James Harris as Johnny Allen
# Quilmes y Los Sueldos

Quilmes y Los Sueldos is a settlement in Tucumán Province in northern Argentina.
27°05′S 65°15′W﻿ / ﻿27.083°S 65.250°W﻿ / -27.083; -65.250
* This article about a place in Tucumán Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e