OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhipsalis russellii

Rhipsalis russellii is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Saddle stitch

Saddle stitch is a hand-sewing stitch commonly used in bookbinding, saddle and bridle making, leathercraft, and shoemaking.

## Structure

Saddle stitch uses two threads in alternating running stitches through a single line of holes. The holes may be created by the sewing needles themselves in lighter materials, or by an awl, pricking iron, or stitching iron in thicker materials, such as leather.
Compared to the more common lockstitch often sewn by machine, breaking one side of a saddle stitch loosens only one side of the stitch, rather than several surrounding stitches on both sides.

## Standardization

One variant of the saddle stitch, with threads running parallel, rather than twisting, is designated stitch number 201 by ISO 4915:1991.
# John Giffening

John Frederick Giffening (4 February 1787 - 25 September 1851) was a Ceylonese proctor, public notary and politician.

## Early life and education

John Frederick Geffening was born on 4 February 1787 in Colombo, Ceylon, the son of Reverend Bernhard Abraham Giffening (1762-1812), the head of the Dutch Reformed Church in Ceylon, and Maria Sophia née Francius (1754-1812). In 1796 the British formally took control of the Dutch colonies in Ceylon, with all the Dutch colonists who agreed to stay signing a treaty of capitulation, which guaranteed they would remain loyal and not defect if the Dutch attempted to re-conquer Ceylon. In 1807 Giffening was appointed as a proctor (a position similar to a solicitor) of the District Court and in 1811 a proctor of the Supreme Court.

## Professional career

He was subsequently appointed as one of the three proctors sitting on the bench of the Supreme Court of Ceylon (known as the Vice Admiralty Court). He also served on the Board of Examiners for many years, who James de Alwis described as being an old, narrow-minded austere but clever Dutch lawyer. In 1843 he was appointed as the second unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon, representing the Burgher community, replacing J. G. Hillebrand, following the later's appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court.

## Personal life

Giffening married Henrietta Matilda Toussaint (1837-?) on 15 September 1858 at Wolvendaal Church. They had seven children: John Frederick (1859-1929); Edwin Arnold (b.1861); Dorothy Henrietta (b.1863); Peter Bernard Toussaint (1864-1925); Frederica Anna (1866-1938); Julian Theodore Louis (1870-1944); and Georgiana Matilda (c.1877-1944).
He died on 25 September 1851 in Colombo, at the age of 64. Richard Morgan was subsequently appointed to his seat on the Legislative Council.
# List of diplomats of Great Britain to the Republic of Venice

Below is an incomplete list of diplomats from Great Britain to the Republic of Venice, specifically Heads of Missions until the abolition of the republic in 1797. It includes envoys from the Kingdom of England before the Union with Scotland of 1707.

## Heads of Missions
### English Ministers Resident

* 1604-1610: Henry Wotton
* 1612-1615: Viscount Dorchester
* 1616-1619: Henry Wotton
* 1620 : Vacant
* 1621-1623: Henry Wotton
* 1634-1639: Earl of Denbigh
* 1639-1645: Sir Gilbert Talbot
* 1669-1672: Thomas Belasyse
* 1682–1685: Thomas Hobson
* 1689–1712: G. Broughton a resident diplomat
* 1697–1698: Charles Montagu, 4th Earl of Manchester Ambassador
** 1702: Sir Lambert Blackwell Envoy Extraordinary

### Ministers Resident of Great Britain

* 1707–1708: Charles Montagu, 4th Earl of Manchester Ambassador
* 1708–1714: Christian Cole Secretary
** 1713: Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough Ambassador
* 1715: Christian Cole Resident
* 1715–1719: Alexander Cunningham Resident
* 1719–1722 and 1727–1736: Colonel Elizeus Burges Resident
* 1736–1744: No diplomatic relations due to "extraordinary distinctions and honours to the Pretender's son"
* 1744–1746: Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness
* 1746–1753: Sir James Gray Resident
* 1752–1754: Unknown: possibly Consul Smith as resident
* 1754–1765: John Murray
** 1762–1763: Charles Compton, 7th Earl of Northampton Ambassador
* 1765–1773: Sir James Wright, 1st Baronet, of Venice Resident
** 1769–1771: Robert Richie in charge in Wright's absence (also in 1775)
* 1773–1789: John Strange Resident (absent from 1786)
* 1786–1790: Robert Richie in charge
* 1789–1791: Sir Francis Vincent, Bt
* 1791–1793: William Lindsay
* 1793: Francis Drake
* 1793–1797: Sir Richard Worsley, Bt
In 1797, the Republic of Venice was abolished and divided by the Treaty of Campo Formio
# Roland Swynbourne

Roland Swynbourne was an English priest and academic in the 16th century.
Swynbourne was born in Chopwell and educated at the University. He graduated B.A in 1517; M.A in 1520; and B.D. in 1545. He became Fellow of Clare Hall in 1530. He was ordained on 15 June 1527 and held incumbencies at Little Shelford and North Stoneham. He was twice Master of Clare Hall, Cambridge: from 1539 to 1549, and from 1553 until his death in 1557.
# Sarah Goad

Dame Sarah Jane Frances Goad, DCVO (née Lambert; born 1940) is a British public official.
Goad was born in 1940; her parents were Uvedale Lambert and his wife Melanie. She worked for the publishers Faber and Faber from 1959 until 1970, when she became a partner in Lambert Farmers (she had been a director of Tilburstow Farms Co. for seven years prior to this). She continued as a partner until 1994.
In the meantime, Goad became increasingly involved in public life; she was made a magistrate for Surrey in 1974, and was Deputy Chair of the bench's Family Panel from 1992 to 1997. She sat on a range of other local organisations and chaired Southwark Cathedral Council from 2000 to 2008.
In 1997, Goad became Lord Lieutenant of Surrey and in 2012 was appointed a Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for her service in that office; she retired three years later.
# Porela vetusta

Porela vetusta, the ancient porela, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It was first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria.
The wingspan is about 25 mm for males and 35 mm for females.
The larvae feed on Eucalyptus and Leptospermum species.
# Veseud

Veseud may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Veseud, a village in Chirpăr Commune, Sibiu County
* Veseud, a village in Slimnic Commune, Sibiu County
# Sadratnamala

Sadratnamala is an astronomical-mathematical treatise in Sanskrit written by Sankara Varman, an astronomer-mathematician of the Kerala school of mathematics, in 1819. Even though the book has been written at a time when western mathematics and astronomy had been introduced in India, it is composed purely in the traditional style followed by the mathematicians of the Kerala school. Sankara Varman has also written a detailed commentary on the book in Malayalam.
Sadratnamala is one of the books cited in C. M. Whish's paper on the achievements of the Kerala school of mathematics. This paper published in the Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1834, was the first ever attempt to bring the accomplishments of Keralese mathematicians to the attention of Western mathematical scholarship.
Whish wrote in his paper thus: "The author of Sadratnamalah is SANCARA VARMA, the younger brother of the present Raja of Cadattanada near Tellicherry, a very intelligent man and acute mathematician. This work, which is a complete system of Hindu astronomy, is comprehended in two hundred and eleven verses of different measures, and abounds with fluxional forms and series, to be found in no work of foreign or other Indian countries."

## Synopsis of the book

The book contains 212 verses divided into six chapters, called prakarana-s.
* Chapter 1: Gives the names of numerals; defines the eight operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squaring, extracting square root, cubing, and extracting cube root.
* Chapter 2: Lists the different measures, namely, the measures of time, angles, lunar days, planets and stars, almanacs, length, grain weight, money and the directions.
* Chapter 3: Defines the rule of three and syllabic enumeration; explains methods for the computation of the elements of the almanac, namely, mean and true sun, moon and planets, lunar day, yoga and karana; gives methods for determining the time elapsed after sunrise and after sunset.
* Chapter 4: Deals with arcs and sines and its application in astronomical measurements and computations.
* Chapter 5: Deals with computations relating to the shadow, eclipse, vyatipata, retrograde motion of the planets and apses of the moon.
* Chapter 6: Explains the necessity of periodic revision of astronomical constants; gives a full description of parahita-karana.

## Sankara Varman (1774–1839)

Sankara Varman, author of Sadratnamala, was born as a younger prince in the principality of Katathanad in the North Malabar in Kerala. To the local people he was known as Appu Thampuran. The date of birth of Sankara Varman is still uncertain. There are some strong arguments in favour of the year 1774 CE. Sankara Varman died in 1839 CE.
# Rzeczyca, Otwock County

Rzeczyca is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Posadas-Encarnación International Train

The Posadas–Encarnación International Train is a 8 km (5.0 mi) commuter rail international service operated between Posadas in Argentina and Encarnación in Paraguay, running on the Urquiza Railway standard gauge tracks. The service was opened in January 2014.

## Overview

Trains are run by private company Casimiro Zbikoski S.A. under an operation agreement with State-owned Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado (SOFSE). The train crosses the San Roque González de Santa Cruz Bridge which joins the two countries together and has an average journey time of 10 minutes with a 30-minute frequency.
The current rolling stock consists of two-carriage diesel-hydraulic railcars originally called "Wadloper", built between 1981 and 1983 by German company Duewag for the Dutch railway company Nederlandse Spoorwegen, and have a capacity to carry 250 people. Those railcars had been previously used in the binational service Tren de los Pueblos Libres that joined Argentina and Uruguay, having been active only for one year.
With passenger numbers increasing rapidly after the opening of the service, the Argentine Ministry of the Interior and Transport stated in March 2015 that it may have to evaluate adding more rolling stock and extending the length of the platforms.
In August 2015, the service was suspended for an unspecified period of time, with no reasons given from both, the concessionaire –Casimiro Zbikoski– and Trenes Argentinos. At the time of the service being suspended, the train had carried 250,000 people within the year. On the other hand, the Government of Paraguay stated that they had no objections to anything related to the service, blaming the Argentine authorities for the suspension of the train. Other versions affirmed that the service could be reestablished the second week in September. On 7 September, service resumed as normal, though the three-week interruption had not been explained.
# Posada de Valdeón

Posada de Valdeón (Astur-Leonese: Valdión) is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain.

## Population

According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 526 inhabitants.

## Villages

Posada de Valdeón's municipality has eight villages (Popular name / Official name):
* Caín / Caín de Valdeón
* Santa Marina / Santa Marina de Valdeón
* Caldevilla / Caldevilla de Valdeón
* Cordiñanes / Cordiñanes de Valdeón
* Los Llanos / Los Llanos de Valdeón
* Posada / Posada de Valdeón
* Prada / Prada de Valdeón
* Soto / Soto de Valdeón

## Climate

Vega de Liordes, an enclave in the Leon sector of Picos de Europa belonging to the municipality of Posada de Valdeón registered −35.8 °C (−32.4 °F) on January 7, 2021.
# Posada del Bierzo

Posada del Bierzo is a village in the municipality of Carracedelo, in the region of El Bierzo, in the province of Leon, in Castile and Leon, (Spain).

## History

In the late 1950s construction of the Barcena reservoir [es] forced the relocation of the inhabitants of two villages which were to be inundated, ancient Barcena and Posada del Rio. The result was the construction of Posada del Bierzo.

## Demographic evolution

| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| 175 | 170 | 171 | 168 | 166 | 170 | 179 | 170 | 175 | 173 | 165 | 164 | 159 | 150 |

## Landmark buildings and interesting places

* The Square Simón González Ferrando. Inaugurated by General Francisco Franco, on 16 September 1961.
* Saint Isidro's Church.
* The four spouts Fountain.
* San Isidro Museum, created by Mr. Dario Martinez.
* The Olde Oven, Ethnographic Heritage.

## Festivals and cultural activities

* January 5: Visit of the Three Wishes Kings and a chocolate party.
* February/March: Carnival.
* May 15: Saint Isidro Labrador (Village's Pattern).
* June 23: Bonfire of San Juan.
* July: Trip by the association.
* July–August: Summer parties.
* November: Magosto (chestnut party).
* December: Nativity scene in the village's church.

## Economy
### Agriculture

In the village fruit production predominates, particularly pears and apples. They are shipped to cooperatives and exported to various cities of Europe.

## Climate

Climate data for Posada del Bierzo(period 2001–2013, Posada del Bierzo weather station ) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F | 42.6 | 48.4 | 54.9 | 57.9 | 64.6 | 74.3 | 79.7 | 78.6 | 72.1 | 59.7 | 49.6 | 43.5 | 60.4 |
| Daily mean °F | 36.3 | 40.3 | 45.3 | 47.8 | 54.3 | 61.9 | 67.6 | 66.2 | 59.9 | 50.2 | 43.2 | 38.3 | 50.9 |
| Mean daily minimum °F | 28.0 | 30.0 | 34.0 | 36.0 | 43.2 | 49.6 | 54.7 | 52.5 | 47.1 | 38.5 | 37.2 | 29.3 | 39.9 |
| Mean daily maximum °C | 5.9 | 9.1 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 18.1 | 23.5 | 26.5 | 25.9 | 22.3 | 15.4 | 9.8 | 6.4 | 15.8 |
| Daily mean °C | 2.4 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 12.4 | 16.6 | 19.8 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 10.1 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 10.5 |
| Mean daily minimum °C | −2.2 | −1.1 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 6.2 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 3.6 | 2.9 | −1.5 | 4.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82 | 98 | 156 | 187 | 196 | 268 | 307 | 287 | 217 | 156 | 99 | 63 | 2,116 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||
# Pedoptila nemopteridia

Pedoptila nemopteridia is a moth in the Himantopteridae family. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1885. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Sierra Leone and South Africa.
The wingspan is about 23 mm. The wings are semitransparent. The basal two-fifths of the forewings and the basal third of the hindwings is bright russet reddish, the remainder of the wings are grey. The veins are darker than the ground colour. The body is sienna reddish and the antennae are dark brown.
# 2007 Northwestern Wildcats football team

The 2007 Northwestern Wildcats football team represented Northwestern University in the Big Ten Conference during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Pat Fitzgerald, in his second season at Northwestern, was the team's head coach. The Wildcats played their homes games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois.
Before the beginning of the 2007 season, Northwestern showed potential for improvement upon the previous year's record. ESPN.com's Mark Schlabach stated that Northwestern has the seventh easiest schedule in college football, and SI.com's Steve Megargee claimed that Indiana was the only Big Ten school with an easier schedule. Running back Tyrell Sutton was one of 64 players in college football to be put on the Maxwell Award watch list for the nation's best college football player.
The Wildcats began the season with their first shutout since 1997 in a 27–0 win against the Northeastern Huskies. On October 7, quarterback C. J. Bachér broke Brett Basanez's school record for single-game passing yards by throwing for 520 yards in a victory over Michigan State. Bachér went on to be named the Walter Camp National Offensive Player of the Week and the Big Ten Conference Offensive Player of the Week. Another strong performance in a win against Minnesota earned Bachér Big Ten Conference Offensive Player of the Week honors for the second week in a row.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | 11:00 am | Northeastern* | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 27–0 | 16,199 |
| September 8 | 11:00 am | Nevada* | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 36–31 | 17,653 |
| September 15 | 7:00 pm | Duke* | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | L 14–20 | 23,716 |
| September 22 | 2:30 pm | at No. 8 Ohio State | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH | ABC/ESPN | L 7–58 | 105,178 |
| September 29 | 11:00 am | Michigan | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL (rivalry) | BTN | L 16–28 | 40,604 |
| October 6 | 11:00 am | at Michigan State | Spartan StadiumEast Lansing, MI | BTN | W 48–41 $^{OT}$ | 67,378 |
| October 13 | 11:00 am | Minnesota | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 49–48 $^{2OT}$ | 23,314 |
| October 19 | 6:00 pm | at Eastern Michigan* | Ford FieldDetroit, MI | ESPNU | W 26–14 | 10,000 |
| October 27 | 11:00 am | at Purdue | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | BTN | L 17–35 | 58,237 |
| November 3 | 11:00 am | Iowa | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | ESPN2 | L 17–28 | 30,173 |
| November 10 | 11:00 am | Indiana | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | ESPNC | W 31–28 | 20,466 |
| November 17 | 11:00 am | at No. 20 Illinois | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (Sweet Sioux Tomahawk) | ESPN | L 22–41 | 54,116 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time |||||||
# Peenetal/Loitz

Peenetal/Loitz is an Amt in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Loitz.
The Amt Peenetal/Loitz consists of the following municipalities:
* Görmin
* Loitz
* Sassen-Trantow
# 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 19 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place. The last champion was Australia.
This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:
| World record | Germany (GER) Petra Dallmann (54.53) Daniela Götz (53.87) Britta Steffen (52.66) Annika Lurz (54.16) | 3:35.22 | Budapest, Hungary | July 31, 2006 |
| Pan Pacific Championships record | Australia (AUS) Jodie Henry (54.94) Alice Mills (55.15) Petria Thomas (55.35) Sarah Ryan (54.34) | 3:39.78 | Yokohama, Japan | August 24, 2002 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | CR | Championships record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Heats

Heats weren't performed, as only seven teams had entered.

### Final

The final was held on August 19, at 19:57.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | Amanda Weir (53.76) Natalie Coughlin (53.21) Kara Lynn Joyce (54.54) Lacey Nymeyer (54.29) | United States | 3:35.80 | CR |
| | 3 | Victoria Poon (56.54) Genevieve Saumur (55.38) Julia Wilkinson (55.37) Erica Morningstar (54.54) | Canada | 3:41.83 | |
| | 4 | Shayne Reese (55.58) Kelly Stubbins (55.92) Linda Mackenzie (55.62) Melanie Schlanger (54.72) | Australia | 3:41.84 | |
| 4 | 7 | Maki Mita (55.98) Norie Urabe (55.53) Ai Shibata (56.11) Kaori Yamada (56.04) | Japan | 3:43.66 | |
| 5 | 6 | Lauren Boyle (57.35) Helen Norfolk (56.34) Alison Fitch (55.89) Hannah McLean (55.66) | New Zealand | 3:45.24 | |
| 6 | 2 | Lee Keo-Ra (56.61) Kim Dal-Eun (56.67) Lee Nam-Eun (57.26) Lee Ji-Eun (57.29) | South Korea | 3:47.83 | |
| 7 | 1 | Hannah Wilson (57.24) Sze Hang Yu (58.20) Tsai Hiu Wai (57.16) Lee Leong Kwai (58.90) | Hong Kong | 3:51.50 | |
# 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

The women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 18 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place. The last champion was the United States.
This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:
| World record | Germany (GER) Petra Dallmann (1:59.14) Daniela Samulski (1:58.27) Britta Steffen (1:57.77) Annika Lurz (1:55.64) | 7:50.82 | Budapest, Hungary | August 3, 2006 |
| Pan Pacific Championships record | United States (USA) Natalie Coughlin (1:58.21) Elizabeth Hill (2:00.92) Diana Munz (1:59.58) Lindsay Benko (1:58.25) | 7:56.96 | Yokohama, Japan | August 28, 2002 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | CR | Championships record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Heats

Heats weren't performed, as only seven teams had entered.

### Final

The final was held on August 18, at 19:58.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Natalie Coughlin (1:58.37) Lacey Nymeyer (2:00.06) Dana Vollmer (1:58.87) Katie Hoff (1:57.32) | United States | 7:54.62 | CR |
| | 5 | Bronte Barratt (1:59.58) Shayne Reese (1:59.46) Kelly Stubbins (2:00.08) Linda Mackenzie (1:58.88) | Australia | 7:58.00 | |
| | 2 | Maki Mita (1:59.61) Norie Urabe (1:59.93) Ai Shibata (1:58.83) Haruka Ueda (2:02.28) | Japan | 8:00.65 | |
| 4 | 3 | Lauren Boyle (2:04.20) Helen Norfolk (2:02.85) Alison Fitch (2:02.98) Melissa Ingram (2:03.17) | New Zealand | 8:13.20 | |
| 5 | 7 | Lee Keo-Ra (2:04.28) Kim Dal-Eun (2:07.41) Jung Yoo-Jin (2:05.44) Lee Ji-Eun (2:03.43) | South Korea | 8:20.56 | |
| 6 | 1 | Hannah Wilson (2:05.79) Tsai Hiu Wai (2:04.93) Lee Leong Kwai (2:13.11) Sze Hang Yu (2:04.32) | Hong Kong | 8:28.15 | |
| - | 6 | Julia Wilkinson (2:01.20) Maya Beaudry (2:00.05) Melanie Bouchard (2:01.65) Brittany Reimer (-) | Canada | DSQ | |