OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polymeridium alboflavescens

Polymeridium alboflavescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. First described from specimens collected in Venezuela, it closely resembles Polymeridium albocinereum but exhibits a UV+ (yellow) thallus. The ecorticate, whitish-grey thallus is characterized by spherical, erumpent, solitary ascomata measuring 0.3–0.5 mm in diameter, with an apical ostiole. The hamathecium is not inspersed, and the ascospores number 8 per ascus, contain 7 to 11 septa, and measure 28–39 by 6–9 μm without ornamentation. The lichen's chemistry features lichexanthone. In addition to the Venezuelan holotype, Polymeridium alboflavescens has been reported in Brazil, particularly in the Ceará region at the Chapada do Araripe, where several specimens were collected in 2012.
# Alastair Robin McGlashan

Alastair Robin McGlashan (1933 – 19 June 2012) was a British Anglican priest, Tamil scholar and a Jungian analyst.
He published many books, including a critically acclaimed translation of Periyapuranam, a Saivite religious literature in Tamil.
# Robert Scotland Liddell

Robert Scotland Liddell (1885-1972) was a British reporter and photographer for The Sphere newspaper, who covered the events on the Russian front during the World War I.
Scotland Liddell arrived in Petrograd in the spring of 1915 and soon moved to Warsaw, where he served as a member of the Group of Polish Red Cross Volunteers with the Russian army. He also contributed articles to The Sphere as its special correspondent. Mr Liddell was also representing British media in Mesopotamia and Baku towards the end of World War One. He has written many articles about the political situation in the South Caucasus region between 1918 and 1920. He also interviewed several members of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic (1918/20). One of his interesting interviews was conducted with the foreign minister of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic, M.Y.Jafarov in 1919. The name of the article was First Muslim Republic: British interests.
# Sarsgrove Wood

Sarsgrove Wood is a 41.9-hectare (104-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire.
This ancient wood has a diverse geology resulting in a variety of soil conditions. A stream with poorly drained valley walls runs through the wood. More freely-drained areas have ground flora including early-purple orchid, primrose, bluebell, early dog-violet, sweet violet and narrow-leaved everlasting pea.
The site is private land with no public access.
# Roseland

Roseland may refer to:
* Roseland (film), a 1977 Merchant Ivory film
* Roseland (band), a musical collaboration (duo) between Tyler Bates and Azam Ali
* Roseland NYC Live, a live album and DVD by Portishead

## Buildings and organisations

* Roseland (Ferriday, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
* Roseland (Kingsport, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
* Roseland Ballroom in New York City
* Roseland Christian School in Chicago, Illinois, United States
* Roseland Cottage in Woodstock, Connecticut, United States
* Roseland Observatory, an astronomical observatory in Cornwall, England
* Roseland Park, a defunct amusement park in New York State
* Roseland Plantation (Faunsdale, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Alabama
* Roseland Theater, a concert venue in Portland, Oregon, United States
* Roseland Waterpark in Canandaigua, New York

## Places
### Canada

* Roseland, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
* Roseland, Manitoba, Canada

### United Kingdom

* Roseland Peninsula, Cornwall, United Kingdom

### United States

* Roseland, California
* Roseland, Florida
* Roseland, Chicago, Illinois
* Roseland, Indiana
* Roseland, Kansas
* Roseland, Louisiana
* Roseland, Minnesota
* Roseland, Missouri
* Roseland, Nebraska
* Roseland, New Jersey
* Roseland, Ohio
* Roseland Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
* Roseland Township, Adams County, Nebraska
# Religion in Great Britain

Religion in Great Britain may refer to:
* Religion in the United Kingdom
* Religion in England
* Religion in Scotland
* Religion in Wales
# Ruo

Ruo or RUO may refer to:
* Ruo (state), a small vassal state during the Chinese Zhou Dynasty
* Istro-Romanian language, spoken in Croatia (ISO 639 code = ruo)
* Huang Ruo, a Chinese-born American composer
* Ruo River, a tributary of the Shire River in Malawi and Mozambique
* Ruo Shui, a large river of northern China
* Emoh Ruo is a 1985 Australian comedy film
* Ruo, Federated States of Micronesia, a village and municipality in the state of Chuuk
* RUO, an abbreviation for "Research Use Only": designation for diagnostic products or reagents by the FDA
# 2677th Office of Strategic Services Regiment

2677th Office of Strategic Services Regiment was a commando (special operations capable) regiment that was seconded to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) as an operational armed force.
The regiment was organized on 15 July 1944 at Algiers, North Africa, sponsored by the U.S. Fifth Army. It was transferred to Caserta, Italy, where it was absorbed into the OSS Operational Group Command on 27 November 1944.

## Honors
### Campaign participation credit

* Rome-Arno
# Sarsfield Street, Limerick

Sarsfield Street is a street in Limerick, Ireland. The street commences at Sarsfield Bridge (which crosses the River Shannon) and continues in a south east direction forming a crossroads junction with Liddy Street (to the north) and Henry Street (to the south). The street continues towards its junction with O'Connell Street where it ends. Sarsfield Street along with William Street forms an overall thoroughfare that bisects Limerick City Centre from west to east. O'Connell Street in turn bisects the city centre from north to south. The street prior to the construction of the Limerick Southern Ring Road and the Shannon Bridge was the start of the main N18 road between Limerick (and the south & south east) and Galway.
The street was originally known as Brunswick Street until the early 20th century. It was renamed after Patrick Sarsfield the first Earl of Lucan and who was the Irish Jacobite leader in the Siege of Limerick (1690). Sarsfield arranged the subsequent Treaty of Limerick.
In the early 21st century, Sarsfield Street saw a number of shop closures. Dunnes Stores, which had a large shopping complex on the street, closed in 2008 and moved to nearby Henry Street. Debenhams (formerly Roches Stores) closed in 2020 due to the company entering liquidation and closing all of its Irish stores. As of 2024, the street has seen a boost of mixed retail, hospitality and planned accommodation.
In May 2019, the University of Limerick purchased the former Dunnes Stores building on the street from the retail company for €8 million. In 2021, the university redeveloped the building to house its new 'FabLab' and city centre campus, followed by a further facelift in 2022. In 2023, Limerick City and County Council granted planning permission to UL to rezone the former Dunnes Stores building from retail to educational use.
# Peter Morris (Australian footballer)

Peter Morris (26 July 1933 – 31 May 2024) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Aplodactylus arctidens

Aplodactylus arctidens, the marblefish or southern seacarp, is a species of marine ray finned fish, one of the marblefishes belonging to the family Aplodactylidae. It is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Aplodactylus arctidens was first formally described in 1842 by the Scottish naval surgeon, polar explorer and naturalist Sir John Richardson with the type locality given as Port Arthur on Tasmania. The specific name arctidens is a compound of arctatus meaning "drawn close together" and dens meaning "teeth", a reference to the densely packed rows of teeth in both jaws.

## Description

Aplodactylus arctidens has an elongate body which is one third to one fifth as deep as its standard length. It has a short snout and a rounded head which has a small mouth which is slightly downturned and has fleshy lips, the upper lip projecting. The jaws have small, tricuspid teeth with a few sharply pointed ones too and they are set on 3-4 rows in the jaws. The outermost row has the largest teeth and there are two patches of vomerine teeth. There are two pairs of nostrils, the front pair have fleshy flap with small tentacles on the front and rear margins. There is a wide, flattened spine on the operculum which does not reach the margin. The dorsal fin has a long base but it is nearly split in two by a deep and wide incision between the spiny and soft rayed parts. The dorsal fin contains 16-19 spines and 16-18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 6-8 soft rays. It has large pectoral fins which may be longer than the head and the lowest 5-6 rays are unbranched and fleshy. The body is covered in small, cycloid scales which are embedded in the skin, these extend on to the cheeks and operculum and create a sheath along base of the spiny portion of the dorsal fin. The largest total length recorded is 70 cm (28 in). The overall colour of the head, body and fins is olive green or brown with a large number of small whitish irregular spots, blotches and lines.

## Distribution and habitat

Aplodactylus arctidens is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It occurs in southern Australia from immediately east of Mallacoota in Victoria east to Kangaroo Island in South Australia and in southern Tasmania. It is found throughout New Zealand from the Three Kings Islands in the north to the Snares Islands 200 km (120 mi) south of New Zealand's South Island, it is also found at the Chatham Islands. It is found on weedy reefs in shallow water at depths between 0 and 20 m (0 and 66 ft).

## Biology

Aplodactylus arctidens is mainly herbivorous grazing on algae, mainly red and brown algae, but it will eat any small animals it finds within the algae. It is a solitary species which defends a territory, In New Zealand spawning occurs in August and September.

## Fisheries

Aplodactylus arctidens is not pursued by fisheries, its flesh is not reputed to be very palatable.
# Pot-de-fer

The pot-de-fer was a primitive cannon made of iron. It was used by the French in the Hundred Years' War. The name means "iron pot" in French. In Italy, pots-de-fer were known as vasi or vasii, meaning "pot" or "vase".

## Description

Though occasionally made with cast bronze, the pot-de-fer was essentially an iron bottle with a narrow neck. It was loaded with powder and an iron arrow-like bolt, feathered with iron. It is believed that the middle of the bolt was likely wrapped in leather for a snug fit, necessary to enhance the thrust from the gaseous pressure within the cannon. However, this feature is not shown in manuscript illuminations. The cannon was set off through a small-diameter touchhole, where a red-hot wire could be thrust to set off an explosion and fire the cannon.

## Historical uses and mentions

The pot-de-fer was first depicted in a manuscript, De officiis regum of 1326, by Walter de Millimete, an illuminated manuscript of 1327 that was presented to Edward III upon his accession to the English throne. The manuscript shows a large vase lying on a table, with an armored man behind it holding a rudimentary linstock near the bottom (in this case the linstock would have held a red-hot wire, heated in a brazier, rather than a slow match). A bolt, called a garrot, protrudes from the muzzle. Although illustrated in the treatise, no explanation or description was given.
The first confirmed usage of a pot-de-fer in Germany was during the Eltz Feud between 1331 and 1337 at a siege of Eltz Castle.
The pot-de-fer was used by the French in the Hundred Years' War in a raid on Southampton and in battles in Périgord, Cambrai, and Quesnoy. They may also have been used against the Scottish by the English.
An early reference to the name in French is as pot de fer a traire garros (an iron jug for throwing arrows). Such a 'pot de fer' had a bottle shape, which may have suggested its name.

## Scholarly interest and research

The unusual vase-like shape of the cannon, coupled with the depicted arrow projectile, caused many modern historians to doubt the efficiency — or even existence — of the weapon. In order to establish these points, researchers at the Royal Armouries reconstructed and trialled the weapon in 1999. The walls of the chamber were very thick to prevent explosion, leaving a cylindrical bore which was loaded by a wooden arrow with bronze flights (also reconstructed based on archeological findings), of 135 cm length. Estimating the size of the cannon from the illustrated man standing beside it, the reconstructed cannon was 90 cm long, and 40 cm at its widest point; cast in bronze the reconstruction weighed 410 kg. The subsequent trials showed that the gun was not powerful, firing the arrow only 180 m at most; a larger charge of powder resulted only in the destruction of the arrow.
# Presentation of Christ in the Temple (Fra Bartolomeo)

Presentation of Christ in the Temple is an oil-on-wood painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Fra Bartolomeo, most likely commissioned by Pope Leo X for the Epiphany of 1516. It originally hung in the novices' chapel in San Marco, Florence. It is inscribed with the year 1516. It is now held in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

## History and description

The painting represents the episode of the Presentation of Jesus in the temple, as ordered by the law of Moses, which Mary and Joseph did with Jesus. Simeon the priest and Anna the prophetess are other characters in the episode narrated by the Gospel of Luke.
The scene takes place in an environment with classical architecture, and an altar in the background surrounded by two columns, of which only the shaft and base are seen. In the center, Simeon, the old priest, dressed with a bright red tunic, holds the Child Jesus to whom he gives his blessing. Jesus looks to the viewer joyfully and also gives a blessing with His right hand. Joseph, depicted as beardless, unlike most representations, stands on the left and Mary on the right, who looks tenderly to Jesus. Behind there are two female figures, one of whom is the prophetess Anna. On the altar there is an altarpiece with the representation of Moses.
The leisurely rhythm, the fullness of colour, the volumes and the monumental grandeur of the characters make this work an excellent example of the painter's style and, more generally, of the San Marco school whose undisputed exponent was Fra Bartolomeo.

## Provenance

In 1781 Leopold II chose it for the Tribune of the Uffizi, giving the monks copy in return, and also a crucifix, chalices, furniture, and silver. In 1792 it was exchanged for a group of works with the Vienna Museum. There are several ancient copies extant and a sketch, perhaps autograph, in the Treccani Collection in Milan.
# Shadab

Shadab or Shadaab may refer to:

## People

* Shadaab Faridi, Indian singer
* Shadab Zeest Hashmi (b. 1972), Pakistani poet
* Shadab Jakati (b. 1980), Indian cricketer
* Shadab Kabir (b. 1977), Pakistani cricketer
* Shadab Khan (b. 1998), Pakistani cricketer
* Shadaab Khan (b. 1973), Indian actor
* Shadab Rayeen (b. 1980), Indian sound engineer

## Places

* Shadab, Fars, a village in Fars Province, Iran
* Shadab, Kahnuj, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
* Shadab, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
# Southern Railway Depot

Southern Railway Depot, or variations such as Southern Railway Passenger Station or Passenger Depot, Southern Railway Freight Depot or Freight Office, may refer to any of numerous railway stations operated by the U.S.-based Southern Railway or stations operated by other Southern Railway companies.
In the United States, these include:

## Alabama

* Southern Railway Terminal Station (Bessemer, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Southern Railway Depot (Decatur, Alabama), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway System Depot (Huntsville, Alabama), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Depot (Piedmont, Alabama), listed on the NRHP

## Georgia

* Southern Railway Freight Depot (Columbus, Georgia), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway North Avenue Yards Historic District, Atlanta, listed on the NRHP
* Peachtree Southern Railway Station, Atlanta, listed on the NRHP
* Toccoa station, a train station in Toccoa, Georgia

## Kentucky

* Southern Railway Passenger Depot (Lexington, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP

## Louisiana

* Southern Railway Freight Office (New Orleans, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP

## Missouri

* Poplar Bluff (Amtrak station)

## North Carolina

* Southern Railway Passenger Depot (Asheville, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Passenger Station (Burlington, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP
* Greensboro (Amtrak station)
* Southern Railway Depot (North Wilkesboro, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP

## South Carolina

* Southern Railway Depot (Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Passenger Depot (Branchville, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Depot (Ninety Six, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Passenger Station (Westminster, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP

## Tennessee

* Southern Railway Freight Depot (Chattanooga, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP
* Cleveland Southern Railway Depot, Cleveland, listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railroad Freight Depot, Maryville, listed on the NRHP
* Southern Railway Industrial Historic District, Memphis, listed on the NRHP

## Virginia

* Southern Railway Depot (Richmond, Virginia), a passenger depot built in 1900 and demolished in 1914
* Danville station, listed on the NRHP
# Silence suppression

The term silence suppression is used in telephony to describe the process of not transmitting information over the network when one of the parties involved in a telephone call is not speaking, thereby reducing bandwidth usage.
Voice is carried over a digital telephone network by converting the analog signal to a digital signal which is then packetized and sent electronically over the network. The analogue signal is re-created at the receiving end of the network. When one of the parties does not speak, background noise is picked up and sent over the network. This is inefficient as this signal carries no useful information and thus, bandwidth is wasted.
Given that typically only one party in a conversation speaks at any one time, silence suppression can achieve overall bandwidth savings in the order of 50% over the duration of a telephone call. (While both parties may sometimes speak at the same time, there are times when both parties are silent.)
Silence suppression is achieved by recognizing the lack of speech through a speech processing mechanism called voice activity detection (VAD) which dynamically monitors background noise and sets a corresponding speech detection threshold. This technique is also known as speech activity detection (SAD).
A similar principle is used for Discontinuous Reception and discontinuous transmission in GSM mobile telephone systems.
For further bandwidth gains, silence suppression is normally done after echo cancellation.

## Drawbacks

Background noise detection may be difficult in some circumstances (relatively low speech level, or relatively high background noise level, for example).
When silence suppression is active, the line appears to have gone dead at the other (egress) end of the call. For this reason, so-called comfort noise needs to be generated to compensate for the lack of background noise. The ingress end must therefore signal the egress end that silence suppression is in effect. For best results, the level of comfort noise being generated on egress should match that of the background noise at the ingress end.
Speech activity detection must occur very quickly, otherwise clipping might occur.
Speech activity detection does not work well on non-speech calls (fax or modem communication, for example).
Thus, silence suppression is generally an optional feature on telephony devices. In some cases, it is automatically turned on based on the characteristics of a call.
# Scared to Death (2024 film)

Scared to Death is a 2024 American comedy horror film written and directed by Paul Boyd. It stars Lin Shaye, Bill Moseley, Olivier Paris, Victoria Konefal, B.J. Minor, Jade Chynoweth, Rae Dawn Chong, Lucinda Jenney, and Kurt Deimer. It premiered at Popcorn Frights Film Festival on August 11, 2024.

## Premise

Jasper is a production assistant who is eager to advance as a director in Hollywood, proposes to his boss that the crew and actors of their upcoming horror film should experience a real séance. They choose a 70 year-old abandoned children's shelter for research. As the séance starts, Jasper and the crew become trapped in the shelter and haunted by the murdered orphans who were found "scared to death" in 1942.

## Cast

* Lin Shaye as Max
* Bill Moseley as Felix
* Olivier Paris as Jasper
* Victoria Konefal as Lena
* B.J. Minor as Johnny
* Jade Chynoweth as Champ
* Rae Dawn Chong as Ruth
* Lucinda Jenney as Detective Harris
* Kurt Deimer as The Grog

## Production

In February 2023, it was reported that Paul Boyd would direct the film from a screenplay he wrote, while Lin Shaye signed on to executive produce and star. Bill Moseley, Olivier Paris and Victoria Konefal were cast in main roles. Principal photography took place in Los Angeles in March 2023. The film used Legacy Effects for the special effects.

## Release

Scared to Death premiered at Popcorn Frights Film Festival in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on August 11, 2024.
# Robert R. Rich

Robert Regier Rich (born 7 March 1941) is professor of medicine, microbiology and medical education, and dean emeritus at the University of Alabama School of Medicine. He served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Immunology from 2003 to 2008, and was elected a Fellow of AAI in 2019.

## Academic career

Rich received an AB from Oberlin College in 1962 and an MD from the University of Kansas in 1966. He was an immunology intern and resident in internal medicine at the University of Washington – Seattle from 1966 to 1968. From 1968 to 1971, Rich served as clinical associate, chief clinical associate, and senior staff fellow at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. He was a research associate at Harvard Medical School from 1971 to 1973. At Baylor College of Medicine, Rich was appointed associate professor of microbiology, immunology, and internal medicine (1973–1978), professor (1978–1995), and head of the immunology section (1978–1998). He was executive associate dean and professor of medicine, microbiology, and immunology at the Emory University School of Medicine from 1998 to 2004. In 2004, Rich became senior vice president for medicine and dean of the school of medicine at the University of Alabama – Birmingham.

### Research

At Baylor, Rich's research involved T-lymphocytes and regulation of the immune response. He also headed a search committee for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to establish a program at Baylor in structural biology.

### Awards and honors

* Distinguished Service Award, American Association of Immunologists, 1999
* Lifetime Achievement Award, American Association of Immunologists, 2008
* Distinguished Scientist Award, American Association of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 2012
* Distinguished Fellow, American Association of Immunologists, 2019
He was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator from 1977 to 1991.

## Personal life

He is married to Susan Jepsen Solliday and has three children.
# Cosmisoma nitidipenne

Cosmisoma nitidipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1962.
# Semirossia

Semirossia is a genus of bobtail squid comprising three species.

## Species

* Genus Semirossia
** Semirossia equalis Voss, 1950, greater bobtail squid
** Semirossia patagonica Smith, 1881
** Semirossia tenera (Verrill, 1880), lesser bobtail squid