OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raleigh, North Dakota

Raleigh is a census-designated place (CDP) in Grant County, North Dakota, United States. An unincorporated community, it was designated as part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program on March 31, 2010. It was not counted separately during the 2000 Census, but was included in the 2010 Census, where a population of 12 was reported.

## Geography

It is located in the northeast quarter of section 12 of Township 133 north, Range 86 west. The post office opened October 1, 1910, with Charles C. Leonard as postmaster, after he moved his general store here from Dogtooth, a nearby town and post office which soon afterward ceased to exist.

## History

Raleigh is situated in what was originally Morton County but today is Grant County. Raleigh was created as a coaling stop along the Milwaukee Road branch line that separated from the railroad's Pacific Extension in McLaughlin, South Dakota and ran to New England, North Dakota. The name comes from Sir Walter Raleigh and was settled by a wave of German Russians who had previously settled near Strasburg in Emmons County.
# Ragged Soul

Ragged Soul is an album by the American band Lazy Cowgirls, released in 1995. It was the band's first full studio album in five years.
The band supported the album by touring with Cosmic Psychos.

## Production

The album was produced by the band and Earle Mankey. Longtime members Pat Todd and Doug Phillips were joined by Leonard Keringer, Ed Huerta, and Michael Leigh.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
Trouser Press deemed Ragged Soul the band's masterpiece, writing that "this wonderful blast boasts cleaner, more dynamic sound without sacrificing any of the rough'n'ready urgency." The Chicago Reader thought that "their amped-up take on rock’s traditional bluster combines Pat Todd’s consistently soulful singing with a muscular, corn-fed instrumental assault and melodies that get lodged in your head without losing any power." The Columbus Dispatch declared that "Ragged Soul is a thrilling, sweaty, aggressive, pretty (yes, pretty) collection of 14 songs that will remind you of the best of the Ramones, Graham Parker and the Rolling Stones without even a hint of nostalgia."
The Chicago Tribune determined that, "while the sort of music heard on Ragged Soul has been done countless times before, this middle-aged, all-male quintet understands that it's not so much what is played, but how." The Wisconsin State Journal noted that "the album's lead track, 'I Can't Be Satisfied', sums up its 13 punk-rock successors nicely: It's urgent, speedy, bloody, explosive and hungry—yet strangely accessible, in a primal sort of way." The Daily Herald concluded that "the music is as uncompromising as ever, though vocalist Pat Todd's thoughtful lyrics adds additional appeal beyond your standard moshpit music."
AllMusic wrote: "Tough, furious, loud and proud—Ragged Soul is roots-smart old-school punk at its finest." Alternative Press included the album on its 2021 list of the 15 best punk albums of 1995.
# Rahe, Jharkhand

Rahe is a village in the Rahe CD block in the Bundu subdivision of the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Rahe is located at 23°15′55″N 85°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿23.2654°N 85.6447°E﻿ / 23.2654; 85.6447.

### Area overview

The map alongside shows a part of the Ranchi plateau, most of it at an average elevation of 2,140 feet above sea level. Only a small part in the north-eastern part of the district is the lower Ranchi plateau, spread over Silli, Rahe, Sonahatu and Tamar CD blocks, at an elevation of 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level. There is a 16 km long ridge south-west of Ranchi. There are isolated hills in the central plateau. The principal river of the district, the Subarnarekha, originates near Ratu, flows in an easterly direction and descends from the plateau, with a drop of about 300 feet at Hundru Falls. Subarnarekha and other important rivers are marked on the map. The forested area is shaded in the map. A major part of the North Karanpura Area and some fringe areas of the Piparwar Area of the Central Coalfields Limited, both located in the North Karanpura Coalfield, are in Ranchi district. There has been extensive industrial activity in Ranchi district, since independence. Ranchi district is the first in the state in terms of population. 8.83% of the total population of the state lives in this district - 56.9% is rural population and 43.1% is urban population.

## Civic administration
### Police outpost

There is a police outpost at Rahe.

### CD block HQ

The headquarters of Rahe CD block are located at Rahe village.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Rahe had a total population of 2,949, of which 1,547 (52%) were males and 1,402 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 397. The total number of literate persons in Rahe was 1,958 (76.72% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

High School Rahe Sonahatu is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established at Rahe in 1950. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X. It has a playground and a library with 501 books.
# Pacific Rim Advisory Council

The Pacific Rim Advisory Council (PRAC) is an international law firm association for the exchange of professional information among its 30 independent member law firms. The PRAC was founded in 1984 to examine legal and business issues in Asia and the broader Pacific Rim region.
# Rakowski

Rakowski (feminine: Rakowska; plural: Rakowscy) is a Polish surname. It is related to various surnames in other languages.

## Related surnames

| Language | Masculine | Feminine |
| Polish | Rakowski | Rakowska |
| Belarusian (Romanization) | Ракоўскі (Rakouski, Rakoŭski) | Ракоўская (Rakouskaya, Rakouskaia, Rakoŭskaja) |
| Bulgarian (Romanization) | Раковски (Rakovski) | Раковска (Rakovska) |
| Czech/Slovak | Rakovský | Rakovská |
| Hungarian | Rakovszky, Rakovszki | |
| Latvian | Rakovskis | Rakovska |
| Lithuanian | Rakauskas | Rakauskienė (married) Rakauskaitė (unmarried) |
| Romanian | Racovschi | |
| Russian (Romanization) | Раковский (Rakovskiy, Rakovsky, Rakovski, Rakovskij) | Раковская (Rakovskaya, Rakovskaia, Rakovskaja) |
| Ukrainian (Romanization) | Раковський (Rakovskyi, Rakovskyy, Rakovskyj) | Раковська (Rakovska) |
| Other | Rakowsky, Rakouskas, Rakofsky | |

## People

* Abraham Abba Rakovski (1854–1921), writer and translator
* Adrian Rakowski (born 1990), Polish football player
* Bronisław Rakowski (1895–1950), Polish general
* David Rakowski (born 1958), American composer
* John Rakowski (born 1948), Australian boxer
* Joseph Rakowski, American politician
* Lukáš Rakowski (born 1982), Czech figure skater
* Mary Rakowski DuBois, American chemist
* Mieczysław Rakowski (1926–2008), Polish politician
* Richard Rakowski (born 1952), American entrepreneur
* Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone (1927—2017), Polish-Canadian political scientist
* Georgi Sava Rakovski (1821—1867), Bulgarian revolutionary, and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival and resistance against Ottoman rule.
# Ramanapalem

Ramannapalem is a village in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
* This article about a location in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Rajesh Kotecha

Rajesh Kotecha (born 18 July 1963) is an Indian Ayurveda physician who received a Padmashri Award for Medicine in 2015. He was appointed Secretary of the Ministry of AYUSH in the Government of India in July 2017, and is the former Vice Chancellor of Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, a post he held from 2013 to 2016.

## Education

Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha completed his Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine & Surgery (BAMS) from Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, in 1985 and his Doctorate in Ayurveda Medicine (M.D. Ayurveda) from Gujarat Ayurveda in 1991.

## Achievements

Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha is the author of two books: Concept of Atattvabhinivesha In Ayurveda, which discusses minor psychiatric disorders within Ayurveda parameters, and A Beginner's Guide to Ayurveda, which is about Ayurveda principles and day-to-day life practices to remain healthy. He also received the Global Ayurveda Physician Award in 2007, the Ayurveda Ratna Award in 2008 and Padmashri Award for Medicine in 2015.
He founded Chakrapani Ayurveda Clinic & Research Center in Jaipur in 1998.
# Pallurikio

Pallurikio is an action platform game developed and published by Italian game developer Playstos Entertainment. It was released on WiiWare on December 11, 2009, and on PlayStation Store on July 14, 2010.

## Gameplay
### Characters

There is only one main character, which is Pallurikio, a red bouncing ball controlled by the gamer.

### Controls and movement

Pallurikio can only jump or roll, and these movements are directed using a cursor (moved with the Wii remote or the analog stick of the PS system) and calibrated holding a button to give power to the jump.

## Synopsis
### Plot

Rusty, playing with his friends a mysterious board game, is brought into a parallel dimension and becomes a bouncing ball named Pallurikio. He will try to escape and return to his world after clearing all the stages of the game.

### Stages

The game includes 50 stages, and each of them has unique features regarding:
* obstacles that can kill the ball if touched, they can be still or moving objects;
* terrain characteristics, for example unstable places or breakable ones.
# Pallur

Pallur refers to the following places:
* Pallur, Thrissur, a village in Thrissur district, Kerala, India]
* Pallur, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India
* Pallur, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Palloor, a village in Mahe district, Puducherry, India
# Ralf Metzler

Ralf Metzler (born 13 October 1968) is a physicist that focuses on nonequilibrium statistical physics and anomalous stochastic processes, with applications to biological and soft matter systems. He currently is chair professor for theoretical physics at the University of Potsdam and is an Alexander von Humboldt Polish Honorary Research Fellow.

## Education

Metzler holds a Diploma (magna cum laude) degree in physics (1994) and a PhD (summa cum laude, 1996) from the University of Ulm. He performed postdoctoral research at Tel Aviv University with Joseph Klafter and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Mehran Kardar.

## Academic career

Metzler became an assistant professor at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA) in Copenhagen in 2002. He later spend a period of time in Canada, where he was appointed Canada Research Chair in Biological Physics at the University of Ottawa and he moved to the Technical University of Munich as a professor. Since 2011, he is chair professor for theoretical physics at the University of Potsdam and is an Alexander von Humboldt Polish Honorary Research Fellow.

## Awards

* Feodor Lynen Fellow, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
* Amos de Shalit Fellow, Minerva Foundation
* Emmy Noether Fellow, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
* Canada Research Chair in Biological Physics
* Finland Distinguished Professor (FiDiPro)
* Outstanding Referee by the American Physical Society
* Sigma Phi Prize
# Rana Muhammad Afzal

Rana Muhammad Afzal is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023. Previously he was a member of the Punjab Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 10 April 1961 in Sialkot.
He graduated in Law in 1990 from the University of Karachi and has a Bachelor of Arts and a degree in the Bachelor of Laws.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency PP-128 (Sialkot-VIII) in the 2013 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-40 (Sialkot-VI) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Ramalina ketner-oostrae

Ramalina ketner-oostrae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the remote tropical island of Saint Helena, where it occurs on cliffs. It was formally described as a new species in 2008 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author south of Gregory's Battery at an elevation of 300 m (980 ft); there, it was found growing on basalt. The fruticose thallus of the lichen becomes pendant with age, reaching lengths of up to 12 cm (4.7 in), although typically it is smaller, up to 7 cm (2.8 in). The branches are thin, flattened, papery, and fan-shaped (flabellate) in outline, lacking pseudocyphellae. Thin-layer chromatography shows that the species contains usnic acid and usually also norstictic acid and connorstictic acid. The photobiont partner is dispersed in irregular groups throughout the medulla. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist and ecologist Rita Ketner-Oostra.
# Palm Beach County Glades Airport

Palm Beach County Glades Airport (IATA: PHK, ICAO: KPHK, FAA LID: PHK), also known as Pahokee Airport, is a county-owned, public-use airport in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Pahokee, Florida. The airport is owned by Palm Beach County and operated by the Palm Beach County Airports Department. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

## History

In 2004, Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne destroyed the airport's main building, causing operations to be conducted from a trailer. In 2009, new buildings were dedicated, including a 2,300 sq ft (210 m$^2$) office/lobby, a 5,000 sq ft (460 m$^2$) main hangar, and a building containing 10 rental hangars.

## Facilities and aircraft

Palm Beach County Glades Airport covers an area of 243 acres (98 ha) at an elevation of 16 feet (5 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 4,116 by 75 feet (1,255 x 23 m).
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2018, the airport had 36,750 aircraft operations, an average of 101 per day: 99% general aviation and <1% air taxi. At that time there were 10 aircraft based at this airport: all single-engine.
The airport, commonly referred to as "Pahokee", does not have a control tower. Pilots landing at Pahokee use self-announce procedures to notify other aircraft of take-offs and landings. The airport can handle aircraft with a single-wheel weight of up to 20,000 pounds (9,071 kg) although local regulations restrict aircraft to 12,500 pounds (5,670 kg) and under. Because of the VOR/DME systems and relatively low traffic, this airport is one of five South Florida airports that is used for instrument training by student pilots.
The airport's fixed-base operator (FBO) is Landmark Aviation. The former FBO was Pahokee Aviation, Inc.

## Environmental concerns

Due to environmental considerations of the Florida everglades ecosystem, water drainage is strictly regulated by the East Shore Water Control District. Excess water drains from the Airport onto Closter Farms, located adjacent to the airport. The County compensates Closter Farms for drainage services that Closter's provides to take care of the excess drainage.

## Accidents and incidents

* On March 8, 2019, a Piper PA-23 aircraft crashed into Lake Okeechobee while on approach to the airport. Five people were killed.
# Rangkiang

Rangkiang (also lumbuang) is a granary or rice barn that the Minangkabau people used to keep rice in. The rangkiang is a distinctive feature of Minangkabau architecture. The structure is traditionally found in the courtyard of a rumah gadang, the traditional house of Minangkabau people.

## Etymology

The word rangkiang is a shortened version from the Minangkabau word "ruang hyang (Dewi Sri)" ("room of goddess (Dewi Sri)"), the goddess of rice.

## Architecture

A rangkiang is a structure built over a raised pile foundation, an Austronesian legacy that can be found anywhere else in Indonesia. It has a distinguished roof shape known as gonjong ("spired") roofs, similar to a Minangkabau traditional house, the rumah gadang. The gonjong roof symbolically identifies it with buffalo horns. Similar to the rumah gadang, the roof of a rangkiang is traditionally a thatched roof made of palm fibre (ijuk), and it is also similarly decorated. The only opening to a rangkiang is a small rectangular hatch high up in the gable end, into which the harvested rice is placed. A ladder is required to reach this hatch.
A rangkiang is traditionally built on the courtyard of a rumah gadang. There are three types of rangkiangs according to its function. A rangkiang which is used to store rice that is to be consumed by the inhabitants of the house is known as si bayau-bayau. This rangkiang, the largest of all rangkiang, is traditionally supported by a minimum of six poles; in the case of a royal palace —such as the rangkiang of the Pagaruyung Palace— it can be supported by as many as twelve poles. This rangkiang is traditionally located at the right end of a rumah gadang's courtyard.
Another type of rangkiang is si tinjau lauik ("the one that explores the sea"). It is used to keep rice that is to be sold. The resulting money is used to buy things that the family cannot produce themselves. This rangkiang is traditionally located in the middle of a rumah gadang's courtyard. It is supported by four poles.
Another type of rangkiang is the si tanggung lapar or si tangguang lapa or si tangka lapa ("the one that supports hunger"), which is used to store surplus rice for use in times of scarcity. This type of rangkiang is traditionally positioned at the left end of a rumah gadang courtyard. It is basically identical to the si tinjau laut, being supported by four poles.
Other rangkiang, known as rangkiang kaciak ("little granary"), is used to keep rice seedlings (padi abuan) for agricultural purpose. This rangkiang used a simple gable roof instead of the elaborate Minangkabau roof form, thus it looks the simplest of all rangkiangs.
The number of rangkiang, as well as the degree of ornaments that decorates the rumah gadang, shows the wealth of the owner. The more rangkiang possessed by a family, the more prestigious the owner is.

## Modern use

A facade of a Minangkabau restaurant is sometimes decorated with a single gonjong roof which represents the roof of a rangkiang as a symbol of rice and food provision for people.
# Pangio bitaimac

Pangio bitaimac is a species of cyprinid fish. It is endemic to Sumatera (Indonesia) and only known from the Batang Hari River basin. It occurs in small tributary freshwater streams.
Pangio bitaimac grows to 9.5 cm (3.7 in) standard length.
# Pangio cuneovirgata

Pangio cuneovirgata is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Pangio.

## Footnotes

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pangio cuneovirgata". FishBase.
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# Ranee mouse

The ranee mouse (Haeromys margarettae) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is restricted to the island of Borneo, in the provinces of Sarawak (Malaysia) and Sabah (Malaysia). Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
# Rastić

Rastić (Serbian Cyrillic: Растић, pronounced) is a Serbo-Croatian surname, derived from hrast ("oak") or rastiti ("to grow"). It may refer to:
* Damir Rastić (born 1988), Serbian biathlete
* Resti (family), Ragusan family
# Rastko Cvetković

Rastko Cvetković (Serbian Cyrillic: Растко Цветковић; born 22 June 1970) is a Serbian former professional basketball player. Standing at 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m), he played as a center. He is a son of the famous Serbian basketball player Vladimir Cvetković.

## Playing career

A center, Cvetković played professionally 14 seasons, from 1988 to 2002. During his playing days, he played for Crvena zvezda, AEK Athens, Denver Nuggets, Soproni, Espoon Honka, Belenenses, and Seixal. In 1993, he won a YUBA League championship with Crvena zvezda. In the 1995–96 NBA season, Cvetković played for the Denver Nuggets, recording 0.7 points and 0.8 rebounds per game. He retired as a player with Seixal in 2002.

## National team career

In August 1987, Cvetković was a member of the Yugoslavian Cadets that won the gold medal at the European Championship for Cadets in Hungary. Over five tournament games, he averaged 4.8 points per game. In August 1988, Cvetković was a member of the Yugoslavia junior team that won the gold medal at the European Championship for Juniors in Yugoslavia. Over five tournament games, he averaged 3.2 points per game.

## NBA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1995–96 | Denver | 14 | 0 | 3.4 | .313 | .000 | .000 | .8 | .2 | .1 | .1 | .7 |
# Rawat, Murree

Rawat is a village and union council of Murree Tehsil in the Murree District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the north of the country in the hilly part of Punjab province, near the border with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Kashmir. The tourist resort of Bhurban is located here.
# Paolo Girolamo Besozzi

Paolo Girolamo Besozzi (17 April 1704 – 1778) was an Italian oboe virtuoso and bassoonist who devoted his life to the study of the bassoon and oboe. He was born in Parma. Together with his brothers Giuseppe and Alessandro Besozzi, he took part from June 1714 in the ducal hautboy band Guardia Irlandese, created in 1702 by Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma, and remaining in service until his nephew Antonio Besozzi succeeded him on 30 December 1727.
Around 1730 he moved back to Turin and became a member of the chapel court orchestra along with his brother Alessandro. During his stay in Paris with Alessandro in 1735, he worked on the Sonata for Bassoon and Basso Continuo in B flat major and five other Sonatas Trio for two violins and violoncello, published around 1750 by Canavasse. According to a letter of Leopold Mozart dated 28 May 1778, he would have died in Turin in 1778.
# Raudonikis

Raudonikis is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lincoln Raudonikis (born 1977), Australian rugby league footballer, son of Tommy
* Tommy Raudonikis (1950−2021), Australian rugby league footballer and coach
# Pont de Sèvres

The pont de Sèvres is a bridge above the Seine that links the cities of Boulogne-Billancourt and Sèvres, in France. The current bridge was put in service in 1963.
The bridge is also above the RD 1 and RD 7 roads, and the Île-de-France tramway Line 2.
48°49′43″N 2°13′37″E﻿ / ﻿48.8285°N 2.2270°E﻿ / 48.8285; 2.2270
* This article about a bridge in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Robert Meyers (ice hockey)

Robert Roderick Meyers (August 11, 1924 – March 22, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was a member of the Edmonton Mercurys that won a gold medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.
# Viola, California

Viola is an unincorporated community in Shasta County, California, United States. The community is located along California State Route 44 38 miles (61 km) east of Redding.
# Pseudanisentomon sininotiale

Pseudanisentomon sininotiale is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.