OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2013 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles

Catalina Castaño and Mervana Jugić-Salkić were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players decided not to participate in 2013.
Lucie Hradecká and Michaëlla Krajicek won the tournament, defeating Stéphanie Foretz Gacon and Eva Hrdinová in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

## Seeds

* Stéphanie Foretz Gacon / Eva Hrdinová (final)
* Lucie Hradecká / Michaëlla Krajicek (champions)
* Lyudmyla Kichenok / Nadiya Kichenok (semifinals)
* Lara Arruabarrena / Valeria Savinykh (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | 1 | S Foretz Gacon E Hrdinová | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Hesse C Shakovets | 6 | 7$^7$ | | A Hesse C Shakovets | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | É Busson M Georges | 4 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | 1 | S Foretz Gacon E Hrdinová | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | L Arruabarrena V Savinykh | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 4 | L Arruabarrena V Savinykh | 5 | 2 | | | | |
| | M Boev V Tomova | 2 | 1 | 4 | L Arruabarrena V Savinykh | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | N Clerico N Fraňková | 7 | 6 | | N Clerico N Fraňková | 4 | 7$^8$ | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| | C Costa Melgar D Seguel | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | S Foretz Gacon E Hrdinová | 3 | 2 |
| | Y Neuwirth J Steinherr | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | L Hradecká M Krajicek | 6 | 6 |
| | V Golubic M Linette | 6 | 6 | | V Golubic M Linette | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Kushnereva C Mulder | 0 | 0 | 3 | L Kichenok N Kichenok | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | L Kichenok N Kichenok | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | L Kichenok N Kichenok | 2 | 2 | | | | |
| | M Chakhnashvili N Orlova | 3 | 0 | | | | | | 2 | L Hradecká M Krajicek | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | N Melichar T Mirčić | 6 | 6 | | N Melichar T Mirčić | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Fomina A Prislan | 6$^4$ | 4 | 2 | L Hradecká M Krajicek | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | L Hradecká M Krajicek | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# List of number-one singles of 1992 (Spain)

This is a list of the Spanish PROMUSICAE Top 20 Singles number-ones of 1992.

## Chart history

| Issue Date | Song | Artist |
| 4 January | "Black or White" | Michael Jackson |
| 11 January | "Black or White" | Michael Jackson |
| 18 January | "Black or White" | Michael Jackson |
| 25 January | "James Brown Is Dead" | L.A. Style |
| 1 February | "Black or White" | Michael Jackson |
| 8 February | "Black or White" | Michael Jackson |
| 15 February | "Puta Madre" | Terra Wan |
| 22 February | "Puta Madre" | Terra Wan |
| 29 February | "Puta Madre" | Terra Wan |
| 7 March | "Smells Like Teen Spirit" | Nirvana |
| 14 March | "Smells Like Teen Spirit" | Nirvana |
| 21 March | "Human Touch" | Bruce Springsteen |
| 28 March | "Human Touch" | Bruce Springsteen |
| 4 April | "Human Touch" | Bruce Springsteen |
| 11 April | "Quimica" | Chimo Bayo |
| 18 April | "Quimica" | Chimo Bayo |
| 25 April | "Quimica" | Chimo Bayo |
| 2 May | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 9 May | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 16 May | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 23 May | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 30 May | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 6 June | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 13 June | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 20 June | "Please Don't Go" | Double You |
| 27 June | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 4 July | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 11 July | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 18 July | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 25 July | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 1 August | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 8 August | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 15 August | "Sensacion de Vivir" | Xuxa |
| 22 August | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 29 August | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 5 September | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 12 September | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 19 September | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 26 September | "Rhythm Is a Dancer" | Snap! |
| 3 October | "Una Historia de Ellegibo" | Ellegibo |
| 10 October | "Rhythm Is a Dancer" | Snap! |
| 17 October | "Don't You Want Me" | Felix |
| 24 October | "Don't You Want Me" | Felix |
| 31 October | "Don't You Want Me" | Felix |
| 7 November | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 14 November | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 21 November | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 28 November | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 5 December | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 12 December | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 19 December | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
| 26 December | "Because the Night" | Co.Ro featuring Tarlisa |
# Rattan Lal Kataria

Rattan Lal Kataria (19 December 1951 – 18 May 2023) was an Indian politician from Haryana. He served as the Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti and Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment till 7 July 2021. He was a member of the 16th Lok Sabha. He was elected to 16th Lok Sabha from Ambala as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party with 612,121 votes out of 1,220,121 total, defeating INC candidate Raj Kumar Balmiki. Previously, he was elected to 13th Lok Sabha from Ambala as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 1987 to 1991, representing the Radaur Assembly constituency. He was born on 19 December 1951, and educated at Kurukshetra University.

## Career

In May 2019, Kataria became Minister of State for Jal Shakti and Social Justice and Empowerment. He served as the president of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Haryana unit from 2000 to 2003 and during his tenure the party started its own magazine Bhajpa Ki Baat in October 2000.

### Electoral record

Haryana Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Party | Result |
| 1982 | Radaur | BJP | Lost |
| 1987 | Radaur | BJP | Won |
| 1991 | Radaur | BJP | Lost |
Lok Sabha :
| Year | Constituency | Party | Result |
| 1999 | Ambala | BJP | Won |
| 2004 | Ambala | BJP | Lost |
| 2009 | Ambala | BJP | Lost |
| 2014 | Ambala | BJP | Won |
| 2019 | Ambala | BJP | Won |

## Personal life and death

Kataria was married and had three children. He died from pneumonia at PGI Chandigarh, on 18 May 2023, at the age of 71.
# Patania aegrotalis

Patania aegrotalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Zeller in 1852. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Gambia, Yemen and possibly the Seychelles.
# Patijn

Patijn is a Dutch surname belonging to a political family in the Netherlands.

## List of people with the surname

* Jacob Adriaan Patijn
* Mariëtte Patijn
* Michiel Patijn
* Schelto Patijn
# Redland Green

51°28′30″N 2°36′29″W﻿ / ﻿51.47488°N 2.60817°W﻿ / 51.47488; -2.60817
Redland Green is a park in the Bristol suburb of Redland. The park consists of a grassland area and an area of scrub and woodland managed as wildlife habitats by Bristol City Council in partnership with local community groups. A major event each year is Redland May Fair, organised by Redland and Cotham Amenities Society, which has been held annually for over 25 years on the first Monday in May and is opened each year by the Bristol street band The Ambling Band.
The green was once farmland, part of the manor of Redland. The name comes from the Latin Rubea Terra and in Norman, la Rede Londe, describing the red soil of the area. The palace of the Bishop of Bristol once stood there, but was destroyed by bombing in World War II. Adjacent to the green are Bristol Lawn Tennis and Squash Club, Redland Green Bowling Club and Redland Green secondary school, and to the north there are allotments. Also adjacent to Redland Green is Redland Parish Church, a Georgian place of worship, built in 1742. It is a Grade I listed building, and was previously the chapel of local manor house, Redland Court, which is why it is not dedicated to any particular saint.
The park consists of a grassed area and a larger area of scrub and woodland managed by Bristol City Council, in partnership with local community groups, to encourage biodiversity. The park is open all year round and includes a picnic area with picnic benches and a playground with equipment, including a climbing frame, swings, a roundabout, a sandpit and a zip wire.
# Pataz District

Pataz District is one of thirteen districts of the province Pataz in Peru.
# Patrick Egan (Irish politician)

Patrick Joseph Egan (14 June 1876 – 28 April 1960) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the 1923 general election. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election.
# Paul Fitzgerald (journalist)

Paul Fitzgerald is an American journalist.
# Paul Fitzgibbon

Joseph Paul Fitzgibbon (March 21, 1903 – March 12, 1975) was a professional American football player who played wide receiver for six seasons for the Duluth Eskimos, Frankford Yellow Jackets, Chicago Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. Following his football career Paul Fitzgibbon became a neurologist and later one of the seven founding members of the Permanente Medical Group, now Kaiser Permanente.
# Reflections at Bukit Chandu

Reflections at Bukit Chandu is a World War II interpretive centre developed and managed by the National Archives of Singapore, located on Bukit Chandu (Malay for "Opium Hill") off Pasir Panjang Road in Singapore.
The centre was officially opened by Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Tony Tan on 15 February 2002. This date also marks the 60th anniversary of the fall of Singapore in 1942.

## Building

The building in which the exhibition is housed is a colonial-era black and white bungalow located near the site of the Battle of Pasir Panjang in February 1942. It was built at the turn of the 20th century for senior British officers.
The building was restored to preserve its original structure and design, retaining the original style of arches and windows but altering the roof.

## Background

Bukit Chandu was one of the sites of the Battle of Pasir Panjang in February 1942 before the British surrendered Singapore to the Japanese on 15 February. The battle took place just two days before the surrender. The battle saw soldiers from the Malay Regiment led by British and Malay officers defending western Singapore, being forced to retreat onto the hill. For 48 hours, the Malay Regiment C Company and remnants from the 1st and 2nd Battalions engaged in one of the fiercest battles fought in Singapore. They were greatly outnumbered, and when they ran out of ammunition, they resorted to hand-to-hand combat to defend this hill. Many soldiers died on the hill. Those who survived were captured and massacred by the Japanese including 7th platoon, C Company, and 1st Battalion commander Lieutenant Adnan bin Saidi.

## Exhibition gallery

The museum's exhibition gallery covers the history of World War II in Malaya, detailing the late 1930s socio-political climate of the Malay Peninsula, the Japanese's plans for invasion, and the British strategy for defending Malaya and Singapore. There are exhibits of photographs, maps and artefacts. The recruitment, training, principles, and values of the Malay Regiment are represented, including through documentaries commissioned by the National Archives of Singapore, World War II paraphernalia, and witness testimony from survivors.
In 2018, the gallery was closed in 2018 for redevelopment. The gallery was reopened on 8 September 2021 in a ceremony, a virtual event, where local poet Aqmal N paid tribute to the soldiers with a poem, Tanah Sang Perwira (A Hero's Land).
The gallery features a multimedia show with pre-war footage of 2nd Lieutenant Adnan Saidi drilling his troops and an Edwin Thumboo poem.

## Nearby attractions

The centre is connected to Kent Ridge Park via a canopy walk at tree-top level.
# Patrick Mahoney

Patrick Mahoney VC (c. 1827 – 30 October 1857) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

He was about 30 years old, and a sergeant in the 1st Madras European Fusiliers (later The Royal Dublin Fusiliers), Madras Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:
   For distinguished gallantry (whilst doing duty with the Volunteer Cavalry) in aiding in the capture of the Regimental Colour of the 1st Regiment Native Infantry, at Mungulwar, on the 21st of September, 1857.
   (Extract from Field Force Orders of the late Major-General Havelock, dated 17 October 1857.)
He was killed in action at Lucknow, India, on 30 October 1857.
# Renaissance (railcar)

The Renaissance fleet is a set of intercity railroad cars owned and operated by Via Rail Canada.

## History

The cars were built by Metro-Cammell in the mid-1990s for the proposed Nightstar overnight service between the United Kingdom and continental Europe via the Channel Tunnel. They are based on the British Rail Mark 4 design, but with heavy weight steel construction (by European standards) to meet safety requirements for the carriages to run through the Channel Tunnel.
In 2000, after the Nightstar concept was abandoned, Via acquired an initial three carriages for trials. In December 2000, the remaining 136 carriages were acquired, entering service in June 2002.
On May 26th, 2024 Via Rail officially retired the renaissance cars from services on the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor. The cars will remain in revenue service on long-distance routes until a suitable replacement is found which is not expected until at least the early 2030s.

## Accessibility

The Council for Canadians with Disabilities successfully sued Via Rail in Council of Canadians with Disabilities v. VIA Rail Canada Inc. over the lack of accessibility of the Renaissance cars. The Canadian Transportation Agency ordered Via to retrofit some of the fleet to ensure the availability of accessible accommodations. Nevertheless, the Renaissance cars remain the least accessible in the fleet.$^{:2–3}$$^{:129–130}$

## Car types

Via acquired the entire original 139-car fleet; as designed it comprised 72 sleepers, 47 coaches, and 20 service cars. Via rebuilt fifteen of the sleepers into dining and baggage cars. Thirty-three carriages never entered service, remaining in store at Thunder Bay.
| Type | In service | Fleet numbers | Notes |
| Baggage car | 9 | 7000–7011 | Built out of unused sleeping car shells. |
| Club car | 14 | 7100–7114 | 48-seat capacity in a 2+1 configuration. |
| Coach | 33 | 7200–7232 | 48-seat capacity in a 2+1 configuration. |
| Lounge car | 20 | 7300–7316; 7354–7359 | Via Rail refers to these as "service" cars. |
| Dining car | 3 | 7400–7402 | 48-seat capacity; built out of unused sleeping car shells. |
| Sleeping car | 27 | 7500–7589 | 10 double bedrooms. 29 unfinished shells were stored at Thunder Bay. These have since been scrapped. |
| Transition Car | 3 | 7600–7602 | Barrier vehicle used to transition between the European Renaissance couplers and the standard knuckle couplers on HEP rolling stock. |
# Patrick's test

Patrick's test or FABER test is performed to evaluate pathology of the hip joint or the sacroiliac joint.
The test is performed by having the tested leg flexed and the thigh abducted and externally rotated. If pain is elicited on the ipsilateral side anteriorly, it is suggestive of a hip joint disorder on the same side. If pain is elicited on the contralateral side posteriorly around the sacroiliac joint, it is suggestive of pain mediated by dysfunction in that joint.

## History

Patrick's test is named after the American neurologist Hugh Talbot Patrick.
# Patrick Schnetzer

Patrick Schnetzer (born 15 November 1993) is an Austrian cycle ball player. He is considered one of the best current cycle ball players, having won eight of the last eleven cycle ball world championships.
# Repellent

Repellent can refer to:
* Insect repellent
* Animal repellent
* Water repellent
# Repeller

Repeller may refer to:
* The opposite of an attractor, in dynamical systems' theory (more frequently than "repellor")
* An electrode at a voltage to repel charge carriers (in vacuum or in a plasma)
* Animal repeller
* A device or plant that repels vermin, in horticulture or gardening
* Reppeller, in religion, fantasy, science fiction, etc., a god, a magic item, or technical device with the power to protect against offenders
* Turbine rotor in a free flow, e.g. a wind turbine (the term is rarely used in English)
* A fictional villain in the Batman Beyond animated television series season 3 episode "Untouchable"
# Return of writs

The privilege of return of writs, in medieval England, was a right given to certain liberties or franchises to execute royal writs within the land in question. This in effect meant overpassing the authority normally held by the sheriff as the king's representative in the localities. Examples of such liberties in medieval England include the palatine counties (see county palatine) County Durham, Cheshire and the Duchy of Lancaster.
# Return on brand

The return on brand (ROB) is an indicator used to measure brand management performance. It is an indicator of the effectiveness of brand use in terms of generating net income, a special case of return on assets.
ROB is calculated as the ratio of net income to brand value:
    $\mathrm {ROB} ={\frac {\mbox{net income}}{\mbox{brand value}}}$

## Usage

Return on brand can be used in multi-criteria models for assessing the effectiveness of branding, as well as intellectual capital (since the brand is a component of relational capital).
It is believed that if the brand value of the company increases, its net profit should also increase, otherwise the value of ROB will decrease, which indicates a decrease in the effectiveness of brand management in terms of creating net profit. At the same time, if the brand value falls, and this does not lead to a decrease in the net profit of the enterprise, the ROB value increases, which indicates a relative increase in the brand management efficiency. The change in brand value itself, although it makes it possible to judge the effectiveness of brand management, is only indirectly, since the company does not sell the brand directly, because it is an intangible asset associated directly with company and its products. If a company sells its brand as an intangible asset to another organization, it terminates branding events with respect to it, since this function transfers to the new owner of the brand. Thus, ROB allows to clarify how effective it is for a company to change the value of the brand associated with it. For this reason, the diagnosis of the impact of brand value on a business is relevant only with a joint analysis of ROB.

## Application examples

Return on brand can be applied in several branding assessment models:
The approach of T. Munoz and S. Kumar, who propose to build a branding assessment system based on three classes of metrics (perception metrics, behavioral metrics, financial metrics), which make it possible to evaluate branding effectiveness.
A model for assessing the effectiveness of branding based on the concept of contact branding, which is based on the fact that by isolating and controlling points of contact between the brand and the consumer, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of brand management.
# Renage

Renage (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,049 | — |
| 1800 | 1,122 | +0.97% |
| 1806 | 1,146 | +0.35% |
| 1821 | 1,094 | −0.31% |
| 1831 | 1,204 | +0.96% |
| 1836 | 1,363 | +2.51% |
| 1841 | 1,494 | +1.85% |
| 1846 | 1,590 | +1.25% |
| 1851 | 1,630 | +0.50% |
| 1856 | 1,605 | −0.31% |
| 1861 | 1,700 | +1.16% |
| 1866 | 1,870 | +1.92% |
| 1872 | 1,830 | −0.36% |
| 1876 | 1,860 | +0.41% |
| 1881 | 2,173 | +3.16% |
| 1886 | 2,326 | +1.37% |
| 1891 | 2,330 | +0.03% |
| 1896 | 2,277 | −0.46% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,305 | +0.24% |
| 1906 | 2,507 | +1.69% |
| 1911 | 2,511 | +0.03% |
| 1921 | 2,393 | −0.48% |
| 1926 | 2,651 | +2.07% |
| 1931 | 2,468 | −1.42% |
| 1936 | 2,148 | −2.74% |
| 1946 | 2,004 | −0.69% |
| 1954 | 2,314 | +1.81% |
| 1962 | 2,708 | +1.98% |
| 1968 | 3,000 | +1.72% |
| 1975 | 3,055 | +0.26% |
| 1982 | 3,115 | +0.28% |
| 1990 | 3,277 | +0.64% |
| 1999 | 3,291 | +0.05% |
| 2007 | 3,596 | +1.11% |
| 2012 | 3,602 | +0.03% |
| 2017 | 3,464 | −0.78% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Paul Palmer (schooner)

The Paul Palmer was a five-masted schooner built in 1902 by George F. Welt in Waldoboro, Maine.
It was part of William F. Palmer's fleet of white-hulled vessels active in the New England coal trade. The fleet was sold to J. S. Winslow and Company in 1911.
After departing Rockport, Maine on Friday, June 13, 1913 under the command of Capt. Howard B. Allen and destined for Newport News, VA where she would pick up a load of coal for the return voyage, Paul Palmer caught fire on 15 June 1913 for unknown reasons. Attempts to douse the flames with the vessel's own pumps were not successful, and the crew abandoned ship. The Paul Palmer burned down to the waterline and then sank. There were 11 passengers and crew on board, including the captain's wife and a female guest. The passengers of the Palmer took to lifeboats and were picked up later on by the fishing schooner Rose Dorothea, bringing them to Provincetown, Massachusetts. The cutter Androscoggin was dispatched from Portland, Maine to destroy the remnants of the wreck so as to avoid a hazard to other ships.
In 2000, researchers at the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary discovered the wreck and documented it, locating artifacts that proved the ship's identity in 2002. The wreck was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Paul Palmer (physicist)

E. Paul Palmer (1926–2011) was a Brigham Young University physicist who specialized in geophysics. He coined the term "cold fusion". However he was an early critic of Fleischmann and Pons's claims to have developed a useful method of cold fusion.
Palmer served in the US Navy during World War II. He later served as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the East Central States Mission (primarily Tennessee and Kentucky). He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Utah.

## Sources

* New York Times, April 28, 1989
* BYU faculty listing
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080506023241/http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/131history.html
* http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12216633.500-science-rocks-reveal-the-signature-of-fusion-at-the-centreof-the-earth-.html
* Provo Herald obituary for Palmer
* This article about an American scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Renfrew Fair

The Renfrew Fair is an annual event held in Renfrew, Ontario. The fair has been operating since 1852, when it was "organized by local Scotsmen with a government grant".
As of 1918, it was reportedly the "second largest county fair in Ontario".
# Republic of Central America

Republic of Central America may refer to:
* Federal Republic of Central America, 1823–1839/1841 state encompassing modern-day Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Chiapas, Mexico
* Greater Republic of Central America, 1896–1898 political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua