OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2011 MTN 8

The 2011 MTN 8 was the 37th time that this annual tournament took place. It was contested by the eight top teams of the Premier Soccer League table at the end of the 2010-11 season. The tournament began on 5 August 2011 and was won by Orlando Pirates.

## Teams

The eight teams that competed in the MTN 8 Wafa Wafa knockout competition are: (listed according to their finishing position in the 2010–11 Premier Soccer League).
* 1. Orlando Pirates
* 2. Ajax Cape Town
* 3. Kaizer Chiefs
* 4. Mamelodi Sundowns
* 5. Bloemfontein Celtic
* 6. Bidvest Wits
* 7. Supersport United
* 8. Santos

## Fixtures & Results
### New rule for MTN8

On 28 July 2011 The PSL Executive Committee held a meeting to discuss the issue of home and away fixtures. There has been an amendment to the MTN8 rules pertaining to the issue of home and away fixtures.
The approved rule reads as follows: In the first round of the competition (last 8 or quarter-finals) the clubs finishing in the top four positions of the Premier Division in the previous season will be the home clubs.

### Teams through to the Semi-finals

* 1 Ajax Cape Town
* 2 Mamelodi Sundowns
* 3 Orlando Pirates
* 4 Kaizer Chiefs
The draw for the Semi-finals was held on Monday 8 August 2011.

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Kaizer Chiefs | *1 - 1 | Ajax Cape Town | 0 - 0 | 1 - 1 |
| Orlando Pirates | 4 - 3 | Mamelodi Sundowns | 3 - 2 | 1 - 1 |
* Kaizer Chiefs advance to the final on away goal.
# Philip J. Reny

Philip J. Reny is the Hugo F. Sonnenschein Distinguished Service Professor in Economics and in the college at the University of Chicago. Reny is known as an economic theorist and perhaps is best known for the textbook Advanced microeconomic theory written jointly with Geoffrey A. Jehle. He is a member of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 2015), and was the Head Editor of Journal of Political Economy. In 1996, Reny became a fellow of the Econometric Society. He has also been a charter member of the Game Theory Society since 1999, and a fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory starting in 2012.

## Selected publications

* Jehle, G. A., & Reny, P. J. (2001). Advanced microeconomic theory. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-273-73191-7
* Reny, Philip J. (1992) "Rationality in extensive-form games." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 103–118.
* Reny, Philip J. (1999) "On the existence of pure and mixed strategy Nash equilibria in discontinuous games." Econometrica 67.5 1029–1056.
# Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Maramureș

The Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Maramureș is an eparchy (equivalent to a diocese in the Latin Church) of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church which is an Eastern Catholic particular church of the Catholic Church that is in full communion with the Holy See. Its uses the Byzantine Rite in the Romanian language in its liturgical services. It was founded in 1927. It is a suffragan diocese of the Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia. The eparchy's cathedral church is the Cathedral of the Assumption which is situated in the city of Baia Mare, Romania. The incumbent eparch is Vasile Bizău.

## History

The eparchy was founded as a consequence of the Concordate between the Holy See and The Romanian State concluded on May 10, 1927 and ratified on June 10, 1929. With the Bull Sollemni Conventione of June 5, 1930, Catholic Hierarchy of both rites was established all over the territory of the Romanian Kingdom; it was then that the creation of a new diocese, of Maramureș was decided. Its centre was to be at Baia Mare and it was suffragan of the Metropolitanate of Alba Iulia and Făgăraș.
The Diocese of Maramureș included 201 Romanian parishes and all the 38 Ruthene parishes existing on Romanian territory. It was laid under the temporary administration of Dr. Iuliu Hossu, the bishop of Cluj-Gherla.
The first Bishop of this Diocese, appointed by the Holy See on October 16, 1930, with the approval of the Romanian Government, was Dr. Alexandru Rusu, consecrated on January 30, 1931 and enthroned in his cathedral on February 2, 1931. He led the diocese until 1948, when he was arrested; he died in prison in May 1963.
In 1948, with the Decree nr. 358 of December 1, the whole Romanian Church united with Rome was declared illegal.
The second bishop of the diocese, who acted as apostolic administrator, was Dr. Ioan Dragomir, consecrated in clandestinity on March 6, 1949, at the nunciature in Bucharest. He was arrested in 1951 and remained in prison until the amnesty of 1964. After that date, he worked in clandestinity. He died on April 25, 1985.
On August 9, 1987, at the diocesan chapter, attended also by Metropolite Alexandru Todea, Fr. Lucian Mureșan was elected Ordinarius of the Diocese of Maramureș.
On May 27, 1990, he was consecrated bishop at Baia Mare. Eventually he was appointed Metropolite of the Romanian Church United with Rome. The Diocese of Maramureș was then led by Fr. Ioan Șișeștean, appointed bishop on June 20, 1993, and consecrated on September 11, 1993.
# Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Bucharest

The Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Basil the Great of Bucharest (Romanian Sfântul Vasile cel Mare de București) is an eparchy (equivalent to a diocese in the Latin Church) of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church which is an Eastern Catholic particular church of the Catholic Church that is in full communion with the Holy See. Its uses the Byzantine Rite in the Romanian language in its liturgical services. It is a suffragan diocese of the Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia. The eparchy's cathedral church is the Cathedral of Saint Basil the Great which is situated in the city of Bucharest, Romania. The incumbent eparch is Mihai Frățilă.

## History

The eparchy was erected on 29 May 2014 by Major Archbishop Lucian Cardinal Mureșan on territory split off from the Romanian Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia with the consent of the synod of the Romanian Catholic Church and the Holy See.

## Geographic remit

The jurisdiction of the eparchy comprises all Greek Catholics of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church who reside in Bucharest and the historical regions of Dobruja, Muntenia and Oltenia. The territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia.

## List of Eparchs

(all Byzantine Rite)
* Mihai Frățilă (29 May 2014 – ...), previously Titular Bishop of Novæ (2007.10.27 – 2014.05.29) & Auxiliary Bishop of Făgăraş şi Alba Iulia of the Romanians (Romania) (2007.10.27 – 2014.05.29)
# Roksana

Roksana is a female given name. Roksana is the name of:
* Roksana Tymchenko (birth 1991), a Ukrainian alpine skier
* Roksana Bahramitash a Canadian sociologist of Iranian background
* Kaniz Fatema Roksana (death 1984), first Bangladeshi woman commercial pilot
* Roksana Węgiel, a Polish singer who won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
# Philip Reis

Philip Reis may refer to:
* Philip Reis (footballer), Hong Kong international footballer in 19 May incident
* Johann Philipp Reis, also known as Philip Reis, German scientist and inventor
# Phylloporus attenuatus

Phylloporus attenuatus is a species of the fungal family Boletaceae. It was first described as a new species in 2017 from Bangladesh. This fungus is putatively associated with Shorea robusta.
# Phylloporus hyperion

Phylloporus hyperion is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae.
# Philippe Meyer (swimmer)

Philippe Meyer (born 9 May 1971) is a Swiss former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. He is a 2000 Olympian, a two-time Swiss record holder in short-course swimming, and a member of Genève Natation 1885.
Meyer competed in two swimming events for Switzerland at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He achieved a FINA B-cut of 55.04 (100 m butterfly) from the European Championships in Helsinki. On the sixth day of the Games, Meyer placed thirty-first in the 100 m butterfly. Swimming in heat four, he blasted a new Swiss record of 54.85 to race for a second seed behind Portugal's Simão Morgado by a tenth of a second (0.10). Meyer also teamed up with Remo Lütolf, Karel Novy, and Philipp Gilgen in the 4×100 m medley relay. Swimming a butterfly leg in heat one, Meyer recorded a split of 53.95, a national record, but the Swiss team settled only for sixth place and sixteenth overall in a final time of 3:42.78.
# Philip Vaughan

Philip Vaughan was a Welsh inventor and ironmaster who patented the first design for a ball bearing in 1794. Vaughan's patent described how iron balls could be placed between the wheel and the axle of a carriage. The balls let the carriage wheels rotate freely by reducing friction.
Vaughan was granted a patent in 1794 for a ball bearing that sits between the axle and the wheel on a carriage. His design has the balls running inside deep grooves, and sealed in place with a stopper.
Bearings are used in most rotating machines in the modern world - found throughout the rotating parts in cars, bikes, trains, planes etc. These modern ball bearings work in much the same way as Vaughan's initial invention. They make vehicles more efficient by reducing the friction between the moving parts. Without bearings, our mechanical world would simply not work.
Vaughan was a proprietor and agent of the iron foundry at Carmarthen and Kidwelly. He owned one house called Green Hall in the Four roads village near Kidwelly, and also used a Villa on Llangunnor hill, built for him by John Morgan Sr. He married Elizabeth Griffiths in 1793 in St Peter's Church, Carmarthen.
On January 1, 1800, Philip Vaughan signed a copartnership deed with John Morgan Junior, William and Thomas Morris, and William Morgan, the partners all agreeing to bring £12,000 in equal shares of £2,400 each. On the same day the co-partners started a 21-year lease for the Carmarthen rolling mills from John Morgan Sr. The lease included Kidwelly Forge, Blackpool Forge, the tin mills and various clauses for the watercourse leading to the Carmarthen works. Philip Vaughan was elected a burgess of Carmarthen on 2 October 1797. He died in 1824. His son, of the same name, went on to become a solicitor and mayor in Brecon.
# Phillip Riggs

Phillip Riggs is an American educator and the recipient of the 2016 Grammy Award for Music Educator. He is also a 2015 inductee into the Ronald W. Reagan High School Hall of Fame. Riggs received a Bachelor of Music in music education from Appalachian State University in 1988, and a Master of Education from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He taught music education at the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics for 30 years before retiring in 2019. He was inducted into the Rhododendron Society at Appalachian State, an honor given to alumni for their exemplary service to education and to their communities.
# Phintella abnormis

Phintella abnormis is a spider species of the family Salticidae (jumping spiders).

## Distribution

This species is seen in Primorsky Krai (written as primore in original text$^{:301}$) of Russia, Korean peninsula, Japan,$^{:336}$, Mainland China and Taiwan.。
The type locality of the species is in Japan.
# Philippe Boivin

Philippe Boivin (born 1954) is a French contemporary composer.

## Life

Born in Metz, after studying musicology at the Sorbonne, Boivin obtained his Certificate of Aptitude for Secondary Teaching Professorship in 1976, which allowed him to teach. Between 1977 and 1979, Boivin studied writing at the Conservatoire de Paris and followed Alain Bernaud's harmony classes. He then studied composition at the École normale supérieure de Paris with Max Deutsch. Registered at the University of Vincennes in 1979, he trained in new technologies, notably with Iannis Xenakis. The following year, he attended a training course on computer-assisted music composition at IRCAM. He then went to California at the Center for Music Experiment of the University of California, San Diego. From 1985 to 1988, he was a regular producer at Radio France. Since 1990, Boivin has been involved in musical composition and educational activities, regularly participating in seminars and giving lectures. He continues his activities as director of the Conservatoire de musique et de danse of Ivry-sur-Seine, and since 2008 at the Centre de formation des musiciens intervenants of the University of Provence.
His compositions are written for a variety of instrumentists, from soloists to large orchestras, with a predominance of chamber ensembles.

## Works

* Comme sur des roulettes, musical tale, 1978.
* Monopoly for 1 or 2 saxophones, 1980.
* Septuor en trio for 3 clarinets, string trio, double bass, 1980.
* TéléCom j'éCout' for zarb and a reed instrument, 1983.
* La sangsue for 12 instrumentists, 1981.
* Chalumeau for clarinet, 1982.
* Photo de classe for 12 clarinets, 1982.
* Zab ou la passion selon Saint-Nectaire double bass, 1983.
* Ouverture for harmony orchestra, 1983.
* Domino I for piano, 1986.
* Concerto for viola and orchestra, 1986.
* Concerto for viola and chamber orchestra, 1987.
* Domino II for cello, 1987.
* Big bug for 6 percussionists, 1989.
* Cadence for viola
* Chaconne for 4 timpani and 2 synthesizers, 1989.
* Aulos for oboe, 1990.
* Cinq algorithmes pour les Évangiles des grenouilles for double bass, 1990.
* Domino III for timpani, 1990.
* Trois petites lectures for oboe, 1990.
* Deux esquisses for violin or viola, 1992.
* Domino IV for string quartet, 1993.
* Concerto for brass and percussion, 1993.
* Domino V for vibraphone, 1995.
* L'homme dans le désert for soprano and piano, 1996
* Vue sur la mer, fragments for a chamber opera for soprano, clarinet, cello and 2 pianos, 1998.
* Six algorithmes for orchestra, 1999.
* Star burst for recorder, flute in G, flugelhorn, English horn and bass clarinet, 2004.
* Ce soir on improvise… for violin, cello and accordion, 2005
* TriOméga for wind quintet, piano and string quartet.
# Romesh Chander Dogra

Romesh Chander Dogra was an Indian politician from the state of Punjab. He was a minister in the Punjab government and the deputy speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly.

## Constituency

Dogra represented the Dasuya assembly constituency and was a four-term member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from 1985 to 2007.

## Political Party

Dogra was a member of Indian National Congress.

## Death

Dogra died on 23 April 2013.
# Romesh Chandra

Romesh Chandra (30 March 1919 – 4 July 2016) was a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI). He took part in the Indian independence struggle as student leader of CPI after joining it in 1939. He held various posts within the party. He became president of the World Peace Council in 1977.

## Life

Chandra was born on 30 March 1919 in Lyallpur in British India (now Faisalabad, Pakistan). He earned one degree in Lahore and another from Cambridge University in England.
In Lahore, Chandra was chairman of a students' union from 1934 to 1941. He joined the Communist Party of India in 1939, taking part in India's freedom struggle and became the member of the Central Committee of the CPI by 1952. Later he rose to the National Council in 1958 and entered the Central Executive Committee. He was member of the Central Secretariat of the National Council from 1963 to 1967. Chandra also edited the party publication New Age from 1963 to 1966.
Chandra became the General Secretary of the All-India Peace Council in 1952 and continued that position till 1963. In 1953 he joined the World Peace Council, becoming its General Secretary in 1953 and its president in 1977. He addressed the United Nations many times, the most times of any Indian. The World Peace Council gave Chandra its F. Joliot-Curie Gold Peace Medal in 1964. The Soviet Union in 1968 presented him with the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace among Nations and again honoured him by conferring the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1975. In 1971, he criticized the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a "great threat to world peace". During the Assembly of the World Peace Council held at Athens in 2000, Chandra was elected as its "President of Honour".
Chandra was married and had a son, Firoze Chandra. The couple divorced, and his ex-wife died in 2015. Around 3 p.m. IST on 4 July 2016, Chandra died in Mumbai of old age at the age of 97.
# Romualdia chimaera

Romualdia chimaera is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1935. It is found in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
# Roller sports at the 1987 Pan American Games

Roller skating and roller hockey were contested at the 1987 Pan American Games, held in Indianapolis, USA.

## Roller skating
### Men's events
#### Speed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 300 metres time-trial details | José Lozano Argentina | Doug Glass United States | Anthony Muse United States |
| Track 1500m details | Dante Muse United States | Guillermo McCargo Argentina | Hernán Díaz Colombia |
| Track 5000m details | José Lozano Argentina | Dante Muse United States | Marcelo Losauro Argentina |
| Track 10000m details | José Lozano Argentina | César Hurtado Colombia | Mike Müller United States |
| Track 20000m details | José Lozano Argentina | César Hurtado Colombia | Doug Glass United States |
| Track 10000m Relay details | Argentina Argentina | United States of America United States | Costa Rica Costa Rica |

#### Artistic

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Figure skating details | Skip Clinton United States | Kevin Carroll United States | Juan Reckziegel Argentina |
| Long Program details | Gregg Smith United States | Scott Cohen United States | Edwin Guevara Colombia |

### Women's events
#### Speed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 300 metres time-trial details | Beth Tucker United States | Darlene Kessinger United States | Patricia Cerezo Argentina |
| Track 1500m details | Nora Meledi Argentina | Lori Feger United States | Claudia Rodríguez Argentina |
| Track 3000m details | Darlene Kessinger United States | Luz Tristán Colombia | Beth Tucker United States |
| Track 5000m details | Luz Tristán Colombia | Isabel Gutiérrez Colombia | Deanna Parker United States |
| Track 10000m details | Rosana Sastre Argentina | Beth Tucker United States | Brenda Nyll Puerto Rico |
| Track 5000m Relay details | United States of America United States | Argentina Argentina | Colombia Colombia |

#### Artistic

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Figure skating details | Debbie Erdman United States | Renee Gerig United States | Claudia DiLuciano Argentina |
| Free skating details | Debbie Erdman United States | Renee Gerig United States | Claudia DiLuciano Argentina |

### Mixed events
#### Artistic

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Mixed pairs details | United States | United States | Colombia |
| Pairs free dance details | United States | United States | Canada |

## Roller hockey
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Team | Argentina | United States | Brazil |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | United States | 10 | 13 | 5 | 28 |
| 2 | Argentina | 8 | 2 | 6 | 16 |
| 3 | Colombia | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
| 4 | Canada | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Brazil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Puerto Rico | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Costa Rica | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 19 | 19 | 57 |
# Physiological Signal Based Security

Body Area Networks (BANs) are inherently cyber-physical systems which interact with the human body by using sensors to collect, process and communicate health data (vital signals, temperature, pressure) from the person. This information from the environment that is already being collected can be used to provide security to the BAN.
Physiological Value based Security (PVS) uses the vital signals of the human body that is collected during health monitoring operation to provide usable security to BAN.

## Properties of PVS

For PVS to succeed the scheme developed should have the following properties:
* The keys provided by PVS for security are long and random (a basic requirement in any security protocol).
* Knowing the physiological signals at any time will not provide significant advantage in knowing the keys agreed upon in future executions of the scheme, i.e. time variance (required to prevent attacker from guessing future feature values from present ones).
* The physiological stimuli used for PVS is universally (ensures that sensors at different location can measure the same signal).
* Knowing the physiological value of one individual will not provide significant advantage in guessing the keys being agreed by sensors on another individual, i.e. distinctiveness.

## Implementation of PVS using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals

Plethysmogram based Key Agreement protocol (PKA) uses PPG signals to provide PVS infrastructure to the BAN. It provides secure key agreement between two sensors that wish to communicate in a BAN.
PKA has been divided into four basic steps as described in Figure 1:
* Sensing - PPG signals are sensed using Smith Medical pulse oximeter boards. The sampling rate of the instrument was 60 Hz. 12.8 seconds of PPG signals were sensed by the two communicating sensors.
* Generate features Frequency domain features were generated by performing 256 point overlapped windowed FFT on the measured signal. The signal was divided into five Hamming windows with an overlap of 50. The first 32 coefficients of the FFT of each of the windows are concatenated to form the frequency domain features. The FFT computation is shown in Figure 2.Peak Detection, Peaks (maxima) in the FFT coefficient curve were detected by detecting sudden change in slopes (from positive to negative) of the curve. Both the peak index and the peak values were noted.Quantization, The peak indexes were represented in 8 bits binary (since they could only take values from 1 to 160). The peak values were re-quantized into 16 non uniform levels. The first twelve levels were exponential while the next 4 levels were linear. The main reason for doing this was to extract the variations in the higher frequency components (with low coefficient values) in the FFT. Thus the peak values got quantized into 5 bits binary numbers.
* Secure Transmission of Features: Fuzzy Vault security primitive was used for secure transmission of the features from transmitting sensor to receiving sensor.
* Select Common Features.
# Pibanga diamantina

Pibanga diamantina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1995. It is known from Brazil.
# Pibanga itacoatiara

Pibanga itacoatiara is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1995. It is known from Brazil.
# Pibanga transversefasciata

Pibanga transversefasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943. It is known from Brazil.