OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spitamenes

Spitamenes (Old Persian Spitamana; Greek Σπιταμένης; 370 BC – 328 BC) was a Sogdian warlord and the leader of the uprising in Sogdiana and Bactria against Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in 329 BC. He has been credited by modern historians as one of the most tenacious adversaries of Alexander.

## Biography

Spitamenes was an ally of Bessus. In 329 BC, Bessus stirred a revolt in the eastern satrapies, and the same year his allies began to be uncertain about supporting him. Alexander went with his army to Drapsaca, outflanked Bessus and sent him fleeing. Bessus was then removed from power by Spitamenes, and Ptolemy was sent to catch him.
While Alexander was founding the new city of Alexandria Eschate on the Jaxartes river, news came that Spitamenes had roused Sogdiana against him and was besieging the Macedonian garrison in Markanda. Too occupied at that time to personally lead an army against Spitamenes, Alexander sent an army under the command of Pharnuches which was promptly annihilated with a loss of no less than 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry.
The uprising now posed a direct threat to his army, and Alexander moved personally to relieve Markanda, only to learn that Spitamenes had left Sogdiana and was attacking Bactria, from where he was repulsed with great difficulty by the satrap of Bactria, Artabazos II (328 BC).
The decisive point came in December 328 BC when Spitamenes was defeated by Alexander's general Coenus at the Battle of Gabai. Spitamenes was killed by some treacherous nomadic tribes' leaders and they sent his head to Alexander, suing for peace.
Spitamenes had a daughter, Apama, who was married to one of Alexander's most important generals and an eventual Diadochi, Seleucus I Nicator (February 324 BC). The couple had a son, Antiochus I Soter, a future ruler of the Seleucid Empire. Several towns were named Apamea in her honour.
# Rootare

Rootare is a surname of Estonian origin and may refer to:
* Hillar Rootare (1928–2008), Estonian-born American physical chemist
* Salme Rootare (1913–1987), Estonian chess master
* Vidrik Rootare (1906–1981), Estonian chess player

## Other uses

* Rootare–Prenzlow equation, an equation named after Hillar Rootare and Carl Prenzlow that formulated a means to calculate cumulative surface areas of porous solids based on data taken in mercury porosimetry testing.
# Sessiluncus leei

Sessiluncus leei is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Arreskov Castle

Arreskov is an ancient Danish manor with roots stretching back to the 13th century. It is situated in Øster Hæsinge Parish, Sallinge District, within Faaborg Municipality, Arreskov lies adjacent to Arreskov Lake.

## History

It was first mentioned in historical records in 1210. The current structure represents the third incarnation of Arreskov, a testament to its pivotal role in Danish nobility and history.
The manor has been the center of considerable historical interest, including being part of the County of Muckadell, established in 1784.
Arreskov's main building, primarily dating from the mid-16th century, stands on land that has seen two prior manor locations. The estate's historical significance is also marked by King Valdemar the Victorious, who bequeathed Arreskov to his son Abel in 1241. However, it was destroyed during the subsequent civil war among Valdemar's sons and again in the unrest under King Erik Klipping. Later, the Crown took over the estate, likely building a fortified farmstead on the premises.
The manor has also served various utilitarian roles throughout history, including being repurposed as a hospital during the Three Years' War from 1848 to 1850. Its cultural significance extends into the modern era, having been used as a filming location for the Danish film "Far til Fire - i stor stil" (Father of Four - In High Style), wherein the manor appears as a castle inherited by a character named Uncle Anders.

## Present-day

Today, Arreskov remains owned by the Schaffalitzky de Muckadell family and is a part of the larger Muckadell estate, which includes other significant properties like Brobygård and Gelskov. It stands as a well-preserved example of a Danish noble estate, showcasing architecture from across centuries and reflecting an evolving history that continues to captivate visitors and historians alike.
# Ray Knowles

Raymond Knowles (born 30 September 1952 in Willesden, London Borough of Brent) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Wimbledon as a forward.
# Rob Roy Way

The Rob Roy Way is a Scottish long distance footpath that runs from Drymen in Stirling to Pitlochry in Perth and Kinross. The path was created in 2002, and takes its name from Rob Roy MacGregor, a Scottish folk hero and outlaw of the early 18th century. It traverses countryside that he knew and travelled frequently. The route crosses the Highland Boundary Fault, a geological fault where the Highlands meet the Lowlands. Views from the trail overlook Loch Lubnaig, Loch Earn, Loch Venachar and Loch Tay. The way is 127 kilometres (79 mi) in length if the direct route along the southern shore of Loch Tay and the River Tay is followed between Ardtalnaig and Aberfeldy. An optional loop also links these places via Amulree: choosing this option increases the length by a further 27 kilometres (17 mi) to 154 kilometres (96 mi).
The Rob Roy Way was designated as one of Scotland's Great Trails by NatureScot in spring 2012, and also links to two further Great Trails, meeting the Great Trossachs Path near Callander, and the West Highland Way just north of Drymen. The Rob Roy Way also shares sections of route with Route 7 of the National Cycle Network, which also links Drymen and Pitlochry. Shared sections include the minor road on the south side of Loch Tay and the section following the route of the former Callander and Oban Railway, including Glen Ogle viaduct.
Besides Drymen and Pitlochry, the way passes through Aberfoyle, Callander, Strathyre, Killin, Amulree and Aberfeldy.
About 3,000 people use the path every year, of whom about 450 complete the entire route.
# Adamsson

Adamsson is a Scandinavian surname.
* Ann-Mari Adamsson, Swedish actress
* Folke Adamsson, Swedish football manager and former player.
* Gösta Adamsson, Norwegian-born rower who represented Sweden
* Johan Adamsson, birth name of Juhani Aataminpoika, Finnish serial killer
* Stefan Adamsson, Swedish former cyclist
# Prairie bundleflower

Prairie bundleflower is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Desmanthus illinoensis
* Desmanthus leptolobus, native to North America
# Ruthergate

Ruthergate is an old road near Guisborough in Redcar and Cleveland, England, now disused. It leads southwards from Ruther Cross on Hutton Lane before winding up Kemplah Hill in a well-marked cutting. It is mentioned in early charters, sometimes as Rechergate, sometimes as Rogergate. It may have originally been created as an access road to a quarry on Highcliff.
# Spitboy

Spitboy was an American anarcho-punk band founded in the San Francisco Bay area in 1990. The all-female band aggressively criticized patriarchy and gender roles but did not associate with the contemporaneous riot grrrl movement. They released several records and toured extensively and then disbanded in 1995. Members later played in the bands Instant Girl and Aus Rotten, while drummer Michelle Cruz Gonzales and vocalist Adrienne Droogas have been active as writers.

## History

Spitboy was founded by drummer Michelle "Todd" Gonzales, vocalist Adrienne Droogas, bassist Paula Hibbs-Rines, and guitarist Karin Gembus. Paula left the band before the release of the Rasana 7-inch EP and was replaced by Dominique Davison.
The band toured the United States, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Their records were released on prominent punk rock labels Lookout Records, Allied Recordings, and Ebullition Records, including a split LP with the Chicago-based hardcore group Los Crudos.
After the breakup of the group, Davison, Gonzales, and Gembus played together in the group Instant Girl, whose sound was less aggressive than that of Spitboy. Instant Girl released an LP on Allied Recordings. Droogas was briefly a member of the group Aus Rotten and then moved to Richmond, Virginia. She also wrote columns for the punk zines Heartattack and Profane Existence. Davison is now an architect and owner of Draw in Kansas City. Gonzales teaches English at Las Positas College in Livermore, California, has published zines and memoirs on her time in Spitboy.
In April 2021, it was announced that the band would be releasing their complete discography as a new compilation, Body of Work (1990-1995), released by Don Giovanni Records on June 25. The first single, "What Are Little Girls Made Of?", was released in May 2021.

## Legacy

The band had a large impact and fans included fellow musicians Alice Bag and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day as well as members of Operation Ivy, Fugazi, Neurosis, and Citizen Fish.

## Discography

* The Threat Sexism Impressed b/w Ultimate Violations 7-inch (Lookout Records 51) - 1991
* True Self Revealed LP (Ebullition Records) - 1993
* Mi Cuerpo Es Mio 7-inch (Allied Recordings) - 1994
* The Spitboy CD (Allied Recordings) - 1994 - Contains the first two singles and the LP
* Rasana 7-inch - (Ebullition Records) - 1995
* Split LP with Los Crudos (Ebullition Records) - 1995
* Body of Work (1990-1995) (Don Giovanni Records) - 2021
# Rootes

Rootes may refer to:

## People

* Baron Rootes, a peerage in the United Kingdom
* Jamey Rootes (1966-2022), American sports executive
* Maurice Rootes (1917–1997), British film editor
* William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes (1894–1964), founder of the Rootes Group
* William Geoffrey Rootes (1917–1992), 2nd Baron Rootes

## Companies

* Rootes Group, British car and commercial vehicle manufacturer founded by William Edward Rootes
** Rootes Arrow, a badge engineered range of cars produced by the Rootes Group
** Rootes Australia, Australian assembler of Rootes Group vehicles
** Rootes Aircraft Factory, located at RAF Speke during the Second World War
# Serravalle di Chienti

Serravalle di Chienti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Macerata. It is crossed by the Chienti river. The communal territory is largely mountainous with numerous woods and pastures.
Serravalle di Chienti borders the following municipalities: Camerino, Fiuminata, Foligno, Monte Cavallo, Muccia, Nocera Umbra, Pieve Torina, Sefro, Visso.

## History

Settled since pre-historic times, in antique times the Serravalle plateau featured a lake known as Plestinam Paludem. The area was subsequently ruled by the Etruscans and the Romans.
In the Middle Ages it was a fortress of the Da Varano family of Camerino.

## Main sights

* Parish church, with 16th-century frescoes by Simone and Giovanni de Magistris.
* Church of Santa Maria di Pistia or di Plestia, in proto-Romanesque style. It was built over an ancient pagan temple of the Umbrian goddess Cupra. Once the cathedral of the town of Plestia, it was destroyed, together with the latter, by Emperor Otto III. It was rebuilt around the year 1000, to which date the current crypt and apse. The nave and the portico are later.
* Convent of Brogliano.
* Botte dei Varano, an artificial channel built by Giulio Cesare da Varano in the 15th century to dry the Karst plateau of Colfiorito. Recent restorations have shown the presence of a pre-existing Roman travertine structure.

## Comunes

* Cesi
# Crna Mlaka

Crna Mlaka is a settlement in the Jastrebarsko administrative area of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 30.
# Selmincik, Elbeyli

Selmincik is a village in the Elbeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Abdals of the Kurular tribe and had a population of 220 in 2022.
# 2016 Wilmington Hammerheads FC season

The 2016 Wilmington Hammerheads FC season was the club's 20th year of existence. They were members of the United Soccer League Eastern Conference.

## Roster

As of March 28, 2016
| No. | Position | Player | Nation |
| 0 | GK | Sam Williams | United States |
| 1 | GK | John Smits | Canada |
| 2 | DF | Tom Parratt | Scotland |
| 3 | DF | Peabo Doue | United States |
| 4 | DF | Michael Mecham | United States |
| 5 | DF | Mahamoudou Kaba | Guinea |
| 6 | MF | Liam Miller | Ireland |
| 7 | FW | Austin Martz | United States |
| 8 | MF | Mael Corboz | United States |
| 9 | FW | Matthew Barnes-Homer | England |
| 10 | MF | Justin Moose | United States |
| 12 | FW | Casey Townsend | United States |
| 13 | MF | Michael Soboff | Armenia |
| 14 | FW | Logan Miller | United States |
| 16 | GK | Eric Ati | Cameroon |
| 18 | DF | Stefan Defregger | United States |
| 19 | MF | Jeff Michaud (on loan from Tampa Bay Rowdies) | United States |
| 20 | MF | Zev Taublieb | United States |
| 22 | FW | Kyle Parker | United States |
| 23 | DF | Bruno Perone | Brazil |
| 25 | DF | Ferrety Sousa | DR Congo |
| 44 | FW | Qudus Lawal | Nigeria |
| 47 | DF | Ashani Fairclough | Jamaica |

## Competitions
### USL Regular season
#### Standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 7 | Richmond Kickers | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 33 | 26 | +7 | 45 | Conference Playoffs |
| 8 | Orlando City B | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 35 | 49 | −14 | 35 | Conference Playoffs |
| 9 | Wilmington Hammerheads FC | 30 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 37 | 47 | −10 | 34 | |
| 10 | Harrisburg City Islanders | 30 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 37 | 54 | −17 | 31 | |
| 11 | Bethlehem Steel FC | 30 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 32 | 43 | −11 | 28 | |

#### Matches

    All times in regular season on Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-04:00)
Win  Draw  Loss  Upcoming fixture
Schedule source
# Adamstal

50°38′10″N 7°22′52″E﻿ / ﻿50.63611°N 7.38111°E﻿ / 50.63611; 7.38111 Adamstal is a locality in the municipality Windhagen in the district of Neuwied in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
* This Neuwied district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Spine journal

Spine journal may refer to:
* The Spine Journal
* Spine (journal)
# Rooterberg

The Rooterberg (840 m) is a mountain north of the Alps, located between Root and Udligenswil in the canton of Lucerne. The mountain lies north of Lake Lucerne and west of Lake Zug, at the foothills of the Alps.
# 2016 TAC Cup Nanjing Challenger – Doubles

This was the first edition of the tournament.
Saketh Myneni and Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan won the title, defeating Denys Molchanov and Aleksandr Nedovyesov 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Gong Maoxin / Yi Chu-huan (first round)
* Bai Yan / Riccardo Ghedin (semifinals)
* Saketh Myneni / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan (champions)
* Nicolás Barrientos / Ariel Behar (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Gong C-h Yi | 4 | 7 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 5 | [10] | | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | Z Li Z Zhang | 6$^2$ | 6 | [7] | | M Reid G van Peperzeel | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| | M Reid Gavin van Peperzeel | 7$^7$ | 2 | [10] | | | | | | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | |
| 4 | N Barrientos A Behar | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | 4 | N Barrientos A Behar | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | |
| WC | Y Ning Z Qiu | 0 | 6$^4$ | | 4 | N Barrientos A Behar | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | C-p Hsieh D Wu | 4 | 4 | | | J Chaplin A Sarkissian | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | Jarryd Chaplin A Sarkissian | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 3 | 3 |
| WC | X Gao B Ouyang | 1 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | 3 | S Myneni J Nedunchezhiyan | 6 | 6 |
| | J Thompson A Whittington | 6 | 3 | [10] | | J Thompson A Whittington | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| | J Cerretani M Schnur | 1 | 4 | | 3 | S Myneni J Nedunchezhiyan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | S Myneni J Nedunchezhiyan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | S Myneni J Nedunchezhiyan | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | T Matsui C Wang | 2 | 6 | [7] | | | | | 2 | Y Bai R Ghedin | 3 | 2 | | | | |
| | J Jung H-y Peng | 6 | 4 | [10] | | J Jung H-y Peng | 5 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | | | |
| | M Bourgue A De Greef | 4 | 0 | | 2 | Y Bai R Ghedin | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Y Bai R Ghedin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Serravalle Langhe

Serravalle Langhe is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 340 and an area of 9.1 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi).
The municipality of Serravalle Langhe contains the frazione (subdivision) Villa.
Serravalle Langhe borders the following municipalities: Bossolasco, Cerreto Langhe, Cissone, Feisoglio, and Roddino.
# Cronyn

Cronyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Cronyn (1802–1871), the first bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Huron
* Hume Cronyn, OC (1911–2003), Canadian actor of stage and screen
* Hume Cronyn (politician) (1864–1933), Canadian politician and lawyer
# Rhytiphora rosei

Rhytiphora rosei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olliff in 1890. It is known from Australia.
# Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs and Chanteys is a compilation album of sea shanties produced by Hal Wilner. Songs are performed by artists representing a variety of genres, ranging from pop musicians like Sting, Bono, Jarvis Cocker, Lou Reed, Nick Cave and Bryan Ferry, to actors like John C. Reilly, to folk musicians like Richard Thompson, Loudon Wainwright III and Martin Carthy.

## Producers

* Hal Willner
* Gore Verbinski
* Johnny Depp
* Brett Gurewitz
* Graham Sutton

## Son of Rogues Gallery

A follow-up album Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys was released 19 February 2013.
# Polná (Hazlov)

Polná (German: Hirschfeld) is a village in Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic. It is one of the six municipality districts of Hazlov. In 2001 the village had a population of 45.

## Geography

Polná lies 2.5 kilometres southwest from Hazlov, about 535 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by forests. It neighbour with Hazlov to the east, with Lipná to the north, with Táborská to the southeast and with Libá to the southwest. To the west there is the German border.

## History

Polná was first mentioned in 1307, as a property of the Zedtwitz from Libá. From 1850 was part of Aš District, and few years later create its own municipality, with Podílná and Franky. In these days, Polná is a part of the municipality of Hazlov. In the 1960s a border-guard (Pohraniční stráž) base, was built close to the village.

## Landmarks

* Frame house from 1792, with Virgin Mary painting and with a chapel,
* two crucifix,
* conciliation cross.

## Gallery

* Conciliation cross and crucifix.
* Frame house with chapel.
# Alexander Maitland (Scottish politician)

Alexander Arbuthnot (afterwards Maitland) (baptized 17 June 1674 – June 1721) was appointed a Baron of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland after the Union of England and Scotland in 1707.
The son of Robert Arbuthnot, 2nd Viscount of Arbuthnott by his second wife Katherine Gordon, Alexander married Jean (d. 22 October 1746), eldest daughter of Sir Charles Maitland, Bt., of Pittrichie in Aberdeenshire, heiress to her brother Sir Charles Maitland, Bt. When the latter died in 1704, the couple thereby inherited the Pittrichie estate and Alexander assumed the surname and arms of Maitland.
He became a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1697, and was Provost of Bervie and Commissioner to Parliament for the burgh of Inverbervie in 1702–1707. He was then selected as one of the 45 representatives for Scotland in the English Parliament following the Union in 1707 and served as a Baron of the Exchequer from 1708 until his death.
Their son and heir was Charles Maitland of Pittrichie, MP, who died unmarried at Edinburgh, 10 February 1751. Their three daughters also all died unmarried.
# Professor of Latin (University College London)

The Professorship in Latin at University College London (UCL) is one of the original professorships at UCL. Along with the Professorship in Greek, the chair dates back to the foundations of the university in the 1820s. The first holder was the Rev. John Williams, "but he resigned in June, 1828, in deference to the opposition of his ecclesiastical superiors to the secular character of the university". Williams was succeeded by T. Hewitt Key, who was a founder of University College School and served as Head Master as well as Professor. The chair, which is a full-time position, has been occupied by a series of distinguished scholars including J. R. Seeley, Robinson Ellis, A. E. Housman, H. E. Butler, Otto Skutsch, George Goold, and Malcolm Willcock.

## List of holders

The following have held the chair of Latin:
* J. Williams, 1826-1828
* Thomas Hewitt Key, 1828-1842
* George Long, 1842-1846
* Francis William Newman, 1846-1863
* John Robert Seeley, 1863-1870
* Robinson Ellis, 1870-1876
* Alfred Goodwin, 1876-1880 (also Professor of Greek, 1879–1892)
* A. J. Church, 1880-1889
* Alfred Goodwin, 1889-1892 (second tenure)
* A. E. Housman, 1892-1911
* Harold Edgeworth Butler, 1911-1942
* Otto Skutsch, 1951-1972
* G. P. Goold, 1973-1978
* Malcolm Willcock, 1980-1991
* Gerard O'Daly, 1991-2004
* Maria Wyke, 2005–present
# Rees decomposition

In commutative algebra, a Rees decomposition is a way of writing a ring in terms of polynomial subrings. They were introduced by David Rees (1956).

## Definition

Suppose that a ring R is a quotient of a polynomial ring k[x$_1$,...] over a field by some homogeneous ideal. A Rees decomposition of R is a representation of R as a direct sum (of vector spaces)
    $R=\bigoplus _{\alpha }\eta _{\alpha }k[\theta _{1},\ldots ,\theta _{f_{\alpha }}]$
where each η$_α$ is a homogeneous element and the d elements θ$_i$ are a homogeneous system of parameters for R and η$_α$k[θ$_{fα+1}$,...,θ$_d$] ⊆ k[θ$_1$, θ$_{fα}$].