OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jennie Gerhardt (film)

Jennie Gerhardt is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film directed by Marion Gering for Paramount Pictures. It stars Sylvia Sidney, Mary Astor, and Edward Arnold. The film is based on the 1911 novel Jennie Gerhardt by Theodore Dreiser.

## Cast

* Sylvia Sidney as Jennie Gerhardt
* Donald Cook as Lester Kane
* Mary Astor as Letty Pace
* Edward Arnold as Sen. Brander
* H.B. Warner as William Gerhardt

## Reception

The film received a mixed critical reception upon release in June 1933. Motion Picture Herald said that Jennie Gerhardt is "strictly an adult picture. Selling it successfully depends upon your ability to construct campaigns that will intrigue human interest and sympathy in the character of Jennie." He added that despite its large cast, much of the action was centred about Sylvia Sidney.
Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times stated that "although the film is handicapped by a lack of suspense and some choppy and trite dialogue, it possesses a laudable sincerity, which may result in its being popular with those who are partial to this genre of story." He further said: "Actually the producers have succeeded in putting into the picture a wealth of detail and the pity is that it is done without the necessary suspense. It is like a story told in a monotone, with vacillating characters who are a little too much at the beck and call of the director. The incidents, while not implausible, do not possess sufficient spontaneity.
Keith Newlin, author of A Theodore Dreiser Encyclopedia, described it as an "episodic picture (broken into a number of short scenes)" and considered it to be more like the novel than most other Dreiser film adaptations. However, he believed that Gering had inexplicably "inserted several jarring scenes apparently in an attempt to provide the audience with some comic relief."
Dreiser himself approved of the film, considering it to be "moving" and "beautifully interpreted".
# Porumbești, Cantemir

Porumbești is a village in Cantemir District, Moldova.

## Demographics

In the 2014 census the total population of the town was 1405 inhabitants.
# Polidoro da Lanciano

Polidoro de Rienzo da Lanciano (Lanciano, 1515 - 1565) was an Italian painter.
Relatively little is known of his life. He was born in Lanciano, a town that is a few miles inland from Ortona, a port on the Adriatic Sea. This is in the Abruzzi region of Italy, lying southeast of Pescara. His grandfather, Alessandro Rienzo, was a ceramic painter in Lanciano. Based on Venetian documents Polydoro's birthdate is taken to be 1515. At an early age he apparently showed great artistic talent. and for that reason he moved to Venice, the center of art in that region of Italy, at a young age. There he assumed a Venetian form for his name, Lanzani. His first mention in official Venetian documents is 1536, when he would have been 21 years of age. He probably came to Venice at least five years prior to that in order to begin his artistic training. His name appears as a witness to a document in the years 1536 and 1549. His Last Will and Testament bears his signature, and is dated 20 July 1565. He died the following day, with his age reported as 50. He likely worked as an assistant to Titian (c.1488/90-1576) for many years, especially given the close resemblance of his style with that of the Venetian master. This would have been in the 1530s and possibly early 1540s. It is not known whether he then set up his own studio, but that was common practice. Polidoro was also influenced by Bonifacio Veronese (1487-1557), il Pordenone (1484-1539), and later possibly Paolo Veronese (1528-1588).
In the United Kingdom, the following works are documented:
* The Fitzwilliam Museum
** Holy Family with the Infant St John Baptist and Saint Catherine
** Virgin and Child with St Catherine, Mary Magdalene and St Barbara
* Glasgow Museums
** The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine c.1540–1550
* The Courtauld Gallery
** Virgin and Child with Saint Catherine (?) and St Jerome in a Landscape
* Blairs Museum
** Virgin and Child with St Luke and a Kneeling Donor (Vision of Saint Stanislaus)
* UK Government Art Collection (Circle of Polidoro)
** Madonna and Child, St Francis and St Joseph with a Donor
* Moseley Old Hall (Circle of Polidoro)
** Madonna and Child with the Infant St John
# Robinetta

Gladiolus 'Robinetta' is a cultivar of Gladiolus which features fiery red blooms with dainty white markings. Its eye-catching flowers (up to 7 per stem), are slightly fragrant and grow on loose spikes (2-3 spikes per corm) that are adorned by narrow, deep-green sword-shaped leaves. Blooming in early summer for 3–4 weeks, this Gladiolus grows up to 18–24 inches (46–61 centimetres) tall.
# 2000 Fed Cup World Group

The World Group was the highest level of competition in the 2000 Fed Cup. This year, the World Group and World Group II merged to become one group, with one more team joining the Group from last year's World Group II Play-offs. Twelve teams were put into three pools of four teams each, with the winner of each pool joining defending champions the United States in a four-team play-off.
The defending champions claimed their seventeenth title, defeating five-time champions Spain in the final.

## Participating teams

Participating teams :
| Australia | Austria | Belgium | Croatia | Czech Republic |
| France | Germany | Italy | Russia | Russia |
| Slovakia | Spain | Switzerland | United States | United States |

## Pools
### Pool A

Venue: Bari T.C., Bari, Italy (outdoor clay)
Date: 27–30 April
| | Pool A | ESP | GER | ITA | CRO |
| 1 | Spain (3–0) | | 2–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 |
| 2 | Germany (2–1) | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Italy (1–2) | 0–3 | 1–2 | | 3–0 |
| 4 | Croatia (0–3) | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–3 | |

### Pool B

Venue: Incheba Hall, Bratislava, Slovakia (indoor hard)
Date: 27–30 April
| | Pool B | CZE | SUI | AUT | SVK |
| 1 | Czech Republic (3–0) | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| 2 | Switzerland (2–1) | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Austria (1–2) | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 2–0 |
| 4 | Slovakia (0–3) | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–2 | |

### Pool C

Venue: Olympic Stadium, Moscow, Russia (indoor carpet)
Date: 27–30 April
| | Pool C | BEL | FRA | RUS | AUS |
| 1 | Belgium (3–0) | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| 2 | France (2–1) | 1–2 | | 3–0 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Russia (1–2) | 1–2 | 0–3 | | 2–1 |
| 4 | Australia (0–3) | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1–2 | |

## Knockout stage

Venue: Mandalay Bay Events Center, Las Vegas, NV, United States (supreme carpet, indoor)
Date: 21–25 November
| Semifinals 21–22 November | Semifinals 21–22 November | Semifinals 21–22 November | Final 24–25 November | Final 24–25 November | Final 24–25 November |
| 1 | United States | 2 | | | |
| | Belgium | 1 | | | |
| | Belgium | 1 | 1 | United States | 5 |
| | | | 2 | Spain | 0 |
| | Czech Republic | 1 | 2 | Spain | 0 |
| 2 | Spain | 2 | | | |
# Pebadjibe

Pebadjibe is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Richard Machalek

Richard Machalek (born April 12, 1946) is a social theorist, sociobiologist, and professor of sociology. He is emeritus faculty of sociology at the University of Wyoming.
A student and colleague of sociobiologist E.O. Wilson, Machalek is best known for using traditional sociological frameworks and theories to explain complex social behavior and structures in non-human societies, with a special emphasis on ant populations.
Machalek believes that the bedrock of sociological knowledge lies in explaining social phenomena that are exhibited across many different types of species. Machalek also applies knowledge from the fields of evolutionary theory, zoology, and biology and is especially concerned with the trans-species social behaviors of cheating, cooperation, and division of labor, among others.
# Richard Grenville (disambiguation)

Sir Richard Grenville (1542–1591) was an English sailor and soldier.
Richard Grenville may also refer to:

## People
### Grenville of Devon and Cornwall

* Richard de Grenville (died after 1142), one of the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan
* Richard Grenville (died 1550), MP for Cornwall in 1529
* Richard Grenville (died 1577 or 1578), MP for Newport (Cornwall) and Dunheved
* Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet (1600–1658), Royalist leader in the English Civil War

### Grenville of Buckinghamshire

* Richard Grenville (1678–1727), British politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for Buckingham and Wendover
* Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple (1711–1779), British politician, MP for Buckingham and Buckinghamshire
* Richard Grenville (British Army officer) (1742–1823), British Army general

### Other people

* Richard Grenville Verney, 19th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1869–1923), British peer and politician, MP for Rugby

## Other uses

* Sir Richard Grenville, a GWR 3031 Class locomotive
* TSS Sir Richard Grenville (1891), a passenger tender vessel built for the Great Western Railway
** TSS Sir Richard Grenville (1931)
# Pelican Cove, Saskatchewan

Pelican Cove is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Pelican Cove had a population of 69 living in 39 of its 88 total private dwellings, a change of 64.3% from its 2016 population of 42. With a land area of 0.33 km$^2$ (0.13 sq mi), it had a population density of 209.1/km$^2$ (541.5/sq mi) in 2021.
# Richard Lubbock

Richard Lubbock (c. 1759 – 2 September 1808) was an English physician and chemist who documented the contemporary history of phlogiston theory in England his 1784 dissertation, which was based on the teachings of Joseph Black.

## Life and work

Lubbock was born in Norwich where he was educated at the Grammar School under a Mr Lemon and Mr Rigby before going to the University of Edinburgh. He then returned to practice as a physician in Norfolk and Norwich Hospital. His son Reverend Richard Lubbock, who became rector of Eccles is known for his work in natural history of the Norfolk Broads while another son Edward also became a physician. Lubbock lived on 76 St. Gile's Street. He also wrote papers on diabetes, catalepsy, apoplexy and vaccination and was held in high regard as a physician.

### Chemical theory of oxygen

The main work of Lubbock that has been examined by historians of chemistry is Lubbock's MD dissertation of 1784. Here he examined the contemporary phlogiston theory at a time when his teacher Joseph Black was beginning to give up the idea in favour of Lavoisier's theory. Lubbock conducted experiments, suggested theories, and demonstrated how some hypotheses could be rejected based on the experimental results. Lubbock conjectured that burning involved a substance reacting with air and producing another substance along with light and heat. He used the word "pure air" which he considered also as "principium sorbile sive commune" for oxygen. He noted that it combined with sulphur, charcoal, and phosphorus, setting free heat and light ("principium aeri proprium" which he considered as massless) and that the "air" lost a part of its volume. He used the terms Attractio duplex (AB+CD=AC+BD) and Attractio simplex (A+BC=AC+B) as guiding possibilities to be compared. Lubbock noted that his teacher Joseph Black taught phlogiston theory, despite having lost confidence in its soundness. A footnote in the thesis suggests that Black had rejected the idea at least by 1784 and not much later as suggested by a 1790 letter that Black wrote to Lavoisier. Lubbock also examined if "phlogiston" was involved in the gravitational force. Lubbock finally came with his theory of combustion and set out his ideas as - "pure air"/principium sorbile sive commune (now oxygen); principium aeri proprium (matter of light and heat); combustibles (phosphorus, sulphur, charcoal, some metals etc.) which after absorbing more principium sorbile than the principium aeri proprium gives up upon calcination the principium aeri proprium (heat); that the combustibles themselves never lose any principle; principium aeri proprium comes from the sun and is massless; water is made up of principium sorbile and inflammable air; organic respiration, fermentation and decay involve the use of principium sorbile from the air; and acid and calces (alkalis) are made up of some principle in combination with principium sorbile. Lubbock's ideas spread quickly into Europe.
# Pekka Varis

Pekka Varis (born 1972) is a Finnish ski-orienteering competitor. He won a silver medal in the long distance at the 1998 World Ski Orienteering Championships. He placed second in the overall World Cup in 1997.
# Pekka Vennamo

Pekka Veikko Vennamo (born 7 November 1944 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician and corporate executive. He was the leader of the Finnish Rural Party from 1979 to 1989. He was also member of the Parliament of Finland from 1972 to 1975 representing the constituency of Helsinki and again from 1979 to 1989 representing the southern constituency of Turku Province. In addition, Vennamo served as the Deputy Minister of Finance in Kalevi Sorsa's fourth cabinet from 1983 to 1987 and as the Minister of Transport in Harri Holkeri's cabinet from 1987 to 1989.
Vennamo is son of Veikko Vennamo, the founder and first leader of the Finnish Rural party. Before entering politics, he studied engineering. As the party leader, Vennamo led the Finnish Rural Party to a great victory at the 1983 parliamentary election after which the party entered the government for the first time. Vennamo left politics in 1989 when he was appointed director (later CEO) of Post and Telecommunications. He angered his previous supporters in the rural areas of the country - many typical Finnish Rural Party voters - when in an effort to improve the efficiency of the postal service he ordered the closure of very many rural post offices. When the company was split to Finland Post and Sonera in 1998, he was appointed CEO of Sonera. However, in January 1999 Vennamo was removed from office because of his controversial businesses with company shares. Since 1999, Vennamo has been CEO of a company called Sijoitus.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Pekka Vennamo Parliament of Finland. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
* ↑ Sonera selätti Matti Auran Yle on April 2, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
# Peeplya

Peeplya village is located in Chouth ka Barwara tehsil of Sawai Madhopur district, Rajasthan, India.
# Penicillium subrubescens

Penicillium subrubescens is a species of the genus of Penicillium which produces high amounts of inulinase.
# Penicillium sucrivorum

Penicillium sucrivorum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. Described as new to science in 2014, it was discovered during a fungal survey of the fynbos biome in the Western Cape of South Africa. Closely related species include P. aurantiacobrunneum, P. cairnsense, P. miczynksii, P. neomiczynskii, and P. quebecense, all of which group phylogenetically in the same clade as P. sucrivorum.
# Penicillium sumatrense

Penicillium sumatrense is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Lumnitzera racemosa. Penicillium sumatrense produces sumalarin A, sumalarin B, sumalarin C
# Pennagar, Vellore

Pennagar is a village in Ranipet district, Tamil Nadu. It is well known for holding quite good ratio of teachers in population. Though the transport facilities are limited to these kind of villages, it is a pride for having a higher secondary school with Her. Arni, Cheyyar and Arcot are the other major towns that are nearby. Farming is the main occupation here, supported by few rice-mills and shops here.

## Demographics

According to directorate of Census Operations - Tamil Nadu's 2001 reading, population here is 3019 with approximately 80% literacy ratio.

## Nearby Towns

Arcot is about 28 km, Arni is about 19 km, Cheyyar is about 21 km, Kanchipuram is about 50 km and Vellore is about 50 km from the village. Kalavai and Mambakkam are near by 6 km and 5 km simultaneously.

## Schools

* Pennagar Government higher secondary school
* Pennagar Government elementary school
# Richie George

Richard George (born 18 December 1989) is an English former professional darts player. He was born in Essex and is the son of former world championship finalist Bobby George. They became the first father-and-son duo to play in the BDO version of the World Championship, when Richie played in the 2013 event.

## Career

Richie played darts as a junior, but then left the game. He qualified for the televised stages of the 2012 Winmau World Masters, but lost to Thomas Junghans 3–1 in the last 32.
George qualified for the 2013 BDO World Championship as the 15th seed. He played Dave Prins in the first round, and survived seven match darts en route to a 3-2 win. He then beat Jimmy Hendriks 4-2 in the second round, and recovered from 3-1 down against Jan Dekker to win 5-4 and reach the semi-finals, where he was beaten 6-1 by Scott Waites.
Courtesy of his run at Lakeside, George qualified for the 2013 Grand Slam of Darts, where he was drawn in Group C alongside two-time PDC World Champion Adrian Lewis, former Lakeside winner Christian Kist, and another debutant in the Belgian Ronny Huybrechts. George finished bottom of the group, losing his opening match 5-2 to Lewis, before losing by the same scoreline to Kist to confirm his elimination. George ended his campaign with a 5-3 defeat to group winner Huybrechts.
He has not played competitive darts since the 2014 Grand Slam of Darts, where he also lost all 3 group games. He only won 3 legs in the entire tournament.

## World Championship results
### BDO

* 2013: Semi Final (lost to Scott Waites 1-6)
* 2014: First Round (lost to Robbie Green 0-3)
# Rick Fisher (lighting designer)

Rick Fisher is an American lighting designer, known for his work with Stephen Daldry on Billy Elliot the Musical and An Inspector Calls. He is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and attended Dickinson College, but has been based in the UK for the last 30 years.
He has done the lighting design for many opera companies, including Covent Garden and New York City Opera. He has been designing for the Santa Fe Opera for seven seasons; for the 2007 season he did three productions.
Fisher received the Live Design Outstanding Designer of The Year in 2008. He is the chairman of the British Association of Lighting Designers.

## Selected stage credits

* Sunny Afternoon (2014 West End)
* Billy Elliot: The Musical (2005 West End, 2008 Broadway)
* Jerry Springer the Opera (2003 West End)
* Via Dolorosa (1999 Broadway)
* Matthew Bourne's Swan Lake (1995 West End, 1998 Broadway)
* The Threepenny Opera (1994 West End)
* Hysteria (1993 Royal Court Theatre)
* Machinal (1993, Royal National Theatre)
* An Inspector Calls (1992 West End, 1994 Broadway)
* Serious Money (1988 Broadway)

## Awards

* 2009 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design for Billy Elliot the Musical (Broadway)
* 2008 Theatre Lighting Designer of the Year, LDI
* 2008 Helpmann Award for Best Lighting Design, Sydney Australia for Billy Elliot the Musical (Australia)
* 2005 Bronze Medal for Lighting Design: World Stage Design Expo, Toronto
* 2003 Gold Triga Prague Quadrennial: Member of British entry
* 2003 Garland Award: Cinderella, Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles
* 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Lady in the Dark, Chips with Everything (Royal National Theatre)
* 1996 Ovation and Los Angeles Drama Critics Award: An Inspector Calls, Los Angeles
* 1995 Gold Medal Prague Quadrennial: Member of British Entry
* 1994 Tony Award and Drama Desk Awards for An Inspector Calls (Broadway)
* 1994 Laurence Olivier Award for Hysteria, Machinal, and Moonlight
# Richland Township, Shelby County, Illinois

Richland Township is located in Shelby County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 762 and it contained 335 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.32 square miles (94.1 km$^2$), all land.
# Pentax X90

The Pentax X90 is a superzoom bridge camera announced by Pentax on February 24, 2010.
# Richard Stenysham

Richard Stenysham (fl. 1410s) was the member of Parliament for Malmesbury for the parliament of 1415.
# Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke

Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 19th Baron Latimer (28 January 1622 – 18 July 1711) was a peer in the peerage of England, High Sheriff and Member of Parliament.
He was born in 1622, the second son of Sir Greville Verney, 7th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1586–1642) and Catherine Southwell of Compton Verney, Warwickshire. He became head of the Verney family in August 1683 following the early death of his fifteen-year-old great-nephew William Verney, 10th Baron Willoughby de Broke, only male descendant of his elder brother Greville, and moved from his Rutland estate to live at Compton Verney.
Richard Verney was High Sheriff of Rutland in 1682 and High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1683. He was elected to Parliament in 1685 as knight of the shire for Warwickshire and knighted on 1 April 1685, when he presented an address of congratulation from his constituents to King James II on his accession to the throne. He was reelected in 1689.
In 1694 he formally laid claim to the dormant barony and, following a favourable ruling in the House of Lords, he assumed the title of 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke and 19th Baron Latimer in 1695. He married twice, firstly to Mary Pretyman, daughter of Sir John Pretyman of Leicestershire, and secondly to Frances Dove, daughter of Thomas Dove of Upton, Northamptonshire. By his first wife he had four children (Mary, John, George and Thomas), and by his second wife a daughter (Diana).
On his death on 18 July 1711 he was buried in the chapel at Compton Verney and the title passed to his second son George (his eldest son John, MP for Leicestershire, having died childless in 1707).
# Peavine Trail

Peavine Trail may refer to:
* A section of rail trail in the Granite Dells, near Prescott, Arizona
* Peavine Trail, an old railroad bed in southern Florida, now part of Florida State Road 724
# Pelagio Galvani

Pelagio Galvani (c. 1165 – 30 January 1230, Portuguese: Paio Galvão Latin: Pelagius) was a Leonese cardinal, and canon lawyer. He became a papal legate and leader of the Fifth Crusade.
Born at Guimarães, his early life is little known. It is repeatedly claimed that he entered the Order of Saint Benedict but this is not proven. Pope Innocent III created him cardinal-deacon of Santa Lucia in Septisolio around 1206. Later, he was promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia (probably on 2 April 1211), and finally opted for the suburbicarian see of Albano in the spring of 1213. He subscribed the papal bulls between 4 May 1207 and 26 January 1230. He was sent on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople in 1213. During this two-year mission he attempted to close Orthodox churches and imprison the clergy, but this caused such domestic upset that Henry of Flanders, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, reversed his actions which had caused the "tempest which held the city of Constantine in its grip", as noted a contemporary historian. Three years later he was elected Latin Patriarch of Antioch but his election was not ratified by the Holy See. He was dispatched in 1218 by Pope Honorius III to lead the Fifth Crusade at Damietta in Egypt, and made a poor strategic decision in turning down favourable peace offers made by the sultan al-Kamil. During his absence, the see of Albano was administer by Thomas of Capua.
He became dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals at the election to the papacy of Cardinal Ugolino Conti, who became Pope Gregory IX, on 19 March 1227. He was one of the leaders of the papal army in 1229–1230 during the War of the Keys against the Emperor Frederick II. He died at Monte Cassino and was buried there.