OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vagen, Germany

Vagen is a large village (Pfarrdorf) in the district of Rosenheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 2 km west of Bruckmühl. Vagen is administratively in Feldkirchen-Westerham municipality.

## History

In 1999 archaeological excavations revealed that Vagen was settled by at least the 5th century. The village derives its name from the Bavarian noble family of Fagana. In the High Middle Ages, it fell within the domains of the Falkensteiners. In the 12th century, Count Siboto II. von Weyarn, built a castle here overlooking the Mangfall River to the east. He called it Neuburg and it was completed by 1133. In the 14th and 15th centuries the castle fell into ruins. Locals used the stone for buildings and dug into the moraine for gravel. The last remaining stones were used to build the church in 1683, so no physical evidence remains of the castle.
Documents from the 14th and 15th centuries show Vagen with a bustling economy. Beginning in 1520 with the purchase of the Vagen Tavern, the Hafner, a bourgeois family from Münich, began buying up farms and commercial properties. The Hafners eventually became the local tax collectors. But, with the decline in the economy in the 18th century, the Hafners sold out to Franz Anton Vogt.
The Bavarians practiced a form of local justice where the village folk would run undesirables out of town. This was called haberfeldtreiben (driven to the oat field). Undesirables ranged from fallen women to usurers and con artists. In Vagen the most recently recorded haberfeldtreiben was in 1716. Information about this haberfeldtreiben was preserved because the father of the defendant sued seventeen of the village folk for assault. The case was thrown out with the court ruling that the haberfeldtreiben had been a proper use of local customary law.
In the 18th and 19th centuries Goldbach creek was harnessed to run local industry. It supported five mills and a blacksmith shop.
Before 1972, Vagen was in the municipality of Feldkirchen in the district of Bad Aibling. In 1972 it assumed its current place in the administrative structure.

## Geography

The village sits above the floodplain of the river Mangfall. The landscape is typically post-glacier deranged drainage, with Vagen sited upon a terminal moraine, left by the last glacier in the Vagen area, the Inn-Chiemsee glacier of the Würm glaciation. The area is scattered with longitudinal moraines called drumlins.
# Rondo (disambiguation)

Rondo is a musical refrain form.
Rondo may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Music

* Rondò, a two-part operatic vocal form
* Rondo (group), Moscow rock band
* Gene Rondo, stage name of Jamaican reggae singer Winston Lara (1943–1994)
* "Rondo", a song by Cirque du Soleil from Mystere
* "Rondo", a song by 6ix9ine from Day69

### Other arts and entertainment

* Rondo (1966 film), a Yugoslavian film
* Rondo (2018 film), an American thriller
* Rondo (series), a fantasy adventure series by Emily Rodda

## Places
### United States

* Rondo, Arkansas, a town
* Rondo neighborhood, Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Rondo, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Rondo, Virginia, an unincorporated community

### Elsewhere

* Rondo Island, Indonesia
* Rondo Plateau, Tanzania

## People

* Rondo (name), a list of people with the surname or given name

## Ships

* USS Rondo (SP-90), a patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1919
* USS Rondo (ID-2488), a cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919
* SS Rondo, a steam cargo ship launched in 1917

## Other uses

* Kia Rondo, a nameplate for the Kia Carens compact car
* Rondo Theatre, Bath, England
* Rondo (game), a training drill in association football
* Rondo (grape), a dark-skinned grape variety
* Rondo (soft drink), a citrus-flavored soft drink
* Rondo (confectionery), a candy brand
* Rondo dwarf galago or bushbaby, a primate species of Tanzania
* Rondo blind snake, a snake species
* Rondo, a variety of the Dutch pastry gevulde koek
# Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya

Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya was an Indian educationist and a former president of Sarvajanik Education Society, Surat, a philanthropic society which manages several educational institutions including Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology. The Government of India awarded him Padma Bhushan, the third highest Indian civilian award, in 1963.
* India portal
* Education portal
# Sebt Ait Rahou

Sebt Ait Rahou is a commune in Khénifra Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10,209 people living in 1896 households.
# Sebti Benzine

Irbeh Sebti Benzine (born 30 April 1964) is an Algerian former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Rancé

Rancé (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. It is about 20 km north of Lyon.
# Podilymbus majusculus

Podilymbus majusculus is an extinct species of grebe recovered from the Piacenzian age of the United States.

## History

The specimens were collected in the summer of 1965 from Idaho, United States by Claude W. Hibbard and the species was named in 1967 by Bertram G. Murray. The species name "majusculus" is Latin for "somewhat larger or greater", referring to the larger size of the species compared to the related pied-billed grebe (P. podiceps).

## Description

The holotype material is a complete tarsometatarsus (UMMP 52470). The tarsometatarsus is similar in characteristic to the pied-billed grebe, but being larger in size. Compared to the recently extinct Atitlán grebe (P. gigas), the tarsometatarsus of P. majusculus is slender in width and longer. Other material that Murray (1967) can confidently identified belonging to P. majusculus is the anterior portion of the sternum (UMMP 45277) and a femur that is missing the proximal end (UMMP 52455). Both of these bone material are larger than any seen in pied-billed grebes. A complete ulna (UMMP 52536), a near complete femur (UMMP 52300), another femur with its distal portion (UMMP 49496), a proximal end of a femur (UMMP 49496), and a wornout but complete tarsometatarsus (UMMP 53703), and a possible complete scapula (UMMP 52672) have been also assigned to the species. Tibiotarsii recovered from the similarly aged Rexroad Formation and the Saw Rock Canyon Formation of Kansas have been tentatively assigned to this species (UMMP 51846 and UMMP 31716 respectively).

## Classification

Classified in the genus Podilymbus, P. majusculus is the oldest known of the Podilymbus species.

## Paleobiology

P. majusculus is known from the Glenns Ferry Formation which the formation dates from the Piacenzian age of the Pliocene epoch in Idaho, United States. The environment that P. majusculus lived in was a wetland where it cohabited with various waterbirds including Aechmophorus elasson, another Neogene grebe species. There is some size variation seen in the specimens where it is possible the larger ones are males and the smaller ones are females (as seen in the recent Podilymbus species).
# Sadreddin Hejazi

Sadreddin Hejazi (7 August 1948 – 14 September 2024) was an Iranian film and television actor. He starred in many films, including Captain Khorshid, Santouri and Doubt. Hejazi died in Tehran on 14 September 2024, at the age of 76.
# Scythris munroi

Scythris munroi is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in North West province, South Africa.
# Seah (surname)

Seah is a surname in various cultures. Its languages of origin include Chinese and Muscogee.

## Origins

Seah may be a Latin-alphabet spelling of multiple Chinese surnames, based on their pronunciation in various Southern Min dialects, listed in the table below. Southern Min spellings of Chinese surnames are often found in Malaysia and Singapore, where many descendants of Chinese migrants can trace their roots to the Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China where various Southern Min dialects are spoken.
| Standard Mandarin | Character | Character | Hokkien | Hokkien | Teochew | Teochew | Notes | References |
| Hanyu Pinyin | T | S | Pe̍h-ōe-jī | IPA | Peng'im | IPA | Notes | References |
| Chéng | 成 | 成 | Siâⁿ | /ɕiã²⁴/ | Sian$^5$ | /sĩã⁵⁵/ | | |
| Shé | 佘 | 佘 | Siâ | /ɕia/ | Sia$^5$ | /sia⁵⁵/ | | |
| Xiè | 謝 | 谢 | Siā | /ɕia³³/ | Sia$^7$ | /sia¹¹/ | Literary pronunciation; the colloquial pronunciation is often spelled Chia | |
Seah may also be name in other cultures as well. For example, it was a Muscogee name, more commonly spelled Sioh.

## Statistics

The 2010 United States Census found 170 people with the surname Seah, making it the 105,079th-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 133 (120,330th-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In both censuses, more than eight-tenths of the bearers of the surname identified as Asian, and roughly one tenth as non-Hispanic White.

## People
### Chinese surname Xiè (謝)

* Seah Mong Hee (谢门熙), Singaporean quantity surveyor who became a partner of Langdon & Seah in 1949
* Seah Kian Peng (谢健平; born 1961), Singaporean politician
* Jade Seah (谢美玉; born 1983), Singaporean model
* James Seah (谢俊峰; born 1990), Singaporean actor
* Stella Seah (谢慧娴; born 1992), Singaporean singer-songwriter

### Chinese surname Shé (佘)

* Seah Eu Chin (佘有進; 1805–1883), Chinese-born Singaporean merchant
* Seah Tee Heng (佘泰兴; died 1884), Kapitan Cina in Johor, Malaya
* Seah Leng Chye (佘令财; fl. 1880s), son of Seah Tee Heng
* Seah Jim Quee (佘任桂; fl. 1890s), businessman in Johor, Malaya
* Seah Moon Ming (佘文民; born 1956), Singaporean corporate executive
* Lynnette Seah (佘美幸; born 1957), Singaporean violinist
* Seah Leong Peng (谢昂凭; 1966–2014), Malaysian politician
* Nicole Seah (佘雪玲; born 1986), Singaporean politician

### Other

* Sunday Seah (born 1978), Liberian football goalkeeper
# Ramularia subtilis

Ramularia subtilis is a fungus.
# Sebastián de Perea

Sebastián de Perea or Sebastián de Pesca (died 20 September 1607) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Seville (1587–1607).
On 27 April 1587, Sebastián de Perea was appointed by Pope Sixtus V as Auxiliary Bishop of Seville and Titular Bishop of Medaurus. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Seville until his death on 20 Sep 1607.
# Seafish Louisville

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Austin Chronicle | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
Seafish Louisville is a compilation of songs by The Gits. It was released on the Broken Rekids label in 2000, seven years after the murder of the band's frontwoman, Mia Zapata. It is primarily a collection of live tracks and alternative takes, including the then newly discovered track "Whirlwind." The CD+ section of the CD includes the video for "Seaweed" as well as photographs and lyrics.

## Track listing

* "Whirlwind" – 3:03
* "Seaweed" – 2:27
* "Absynthe" (Live) – 3:21
* "Another Shot of Whiskey" (Live) – 2:35
* "Insecurities" (Live) – 1:39
* "Slaughter of Bruce" (Live) – 3:19
* "Precious Blood" – 4:16
* "While You're Twisting, I'm Still Breathing" – 2:36
* "A"– 1:25
* "Social Love" (Live) – 1:55
* "It Doesn't Matter" – 3:27
* "Kings & Queens" – 2:00
* "Wingo Lamo" (Live) – 2:16
* "Here's To Your Fuck" (Live) – 2:02
* "Second Skin" (Live) – 2:58
* "Daily Bread" – 6:03
* (CD+ content)
* Live tracks recorded at RKCNDY, Seattle, Washington, on January 14, 1993.
# Prater's Mill

Prater's Mill was built in the mid-19th century. It is located in Whitfield county, near Varnell, Georgia. Serving the city of Dalton as a working mill, it is now used as the center piece of a country fair that showcases cultural history of Southern Appalachia. The country fair consists of mountain music, Southern foods, and living history exhibits and the handmade crafts and original art. Crafts include blacksmithing, spinning, quilting, rug hooking, woodcarving, and hand tufting.

## History

Prater's Mill is one of 70,000 properties on the National Register of Historic Places. Included in the list are all historic areas within the National Park System, over 2,200 National Historic Landmarks, and properties across the nation that have been nominated for the honor.
The mill's heritage runs back to the Cherokee Indians. It was built by Benjamin Franklin Prater in 1855. The water-powered mill was originally fitted with the latest in grain cleaning, grinding and sifting machinery, all powered by the Coahulla Creek. As the mill's popularity grew, Prater added a cotton gin, a saw mill, a wool carder, a syrup mill, a general store, and a blacksmiths shop. For almost a hundred years, farmers would line up with their mules and wagons early in the morning to get their turn with the millers.
During the American Civil War, the mill was used as campsites for both sides of the war. While used by the Union army, the mill was considered a valuable source for food so it was not destroyed. The Prater family ran the mill until the 1950s. A succession of miller's ran the mill until the 1960s. In 1971, the all-volunteer Prater's Mill Foundation took over the mill and began extensive restoration and preservation efforts. Today the mill is best known for the arts and crafts festival held the second full weekend of October. Throughout the year, the grounds are a popular site for fishing, cookouts, family reunions and other special events.
On May 20, 1995, fire was intentionally set on the north side of the mill. Two arson convictions have been made to date. Most of the damage was on the inside of the mill. The force of the fire blew out most of the windows, damaged the roof, siding, electrical system, and destroyed an antique display case.
# Vagg

Vagg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Barrie Vagg (born 1943), Australian rules footballer
* Bob Vagg (born 1940), Australian long-distance runner
* Bob Vagg (born 1941), Australian rules footballer
# Pichilemu, Valparaíso

Pichilemu is a Chilean village, located in the commune of La Ligua, in the Valparaíso Region. It is located in the surroundings of Fundo Pichilemo de Empedrado (also known as the Fundo Pichilemu), north of the Petorca River. Pichilemo de Empedrado was property of Emperatriz del Carmen Lara Retamal and Ramón Bravo Azócar (who died in 1987 due to cancer).
# Scythris neftae

Scythris neftae is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 1997. It is found in Libya, Morocco and Tunisia.
# Scrobipalpula transiens

Scrobipalpula transiens is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1987. It is found in Chile.
# Scrobipalpula tussilaginis

Scrobipalpula tussilaginis is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. The original publication for the name (as Gelechia tussilaginis) appears to be by Stainton in 1867, but it is sometimes attributed to Frey. It is found in Great Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, the North Macedonia, Greece, Ukraine and Russia.
The wingspan is 12–14 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July and again from August to September in two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Petasites albus, Petasites hybridus and Tussilago farfara. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Reid Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology

The Reid Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology is a professorship at Trinity College Dublin.

## Name and history

The chair is named after Richard Tuohill Reid (1823–83), an Irish lawyer and academic who was Perry Professor in Jurisprudence at Elphinstone College, a constituent college of the University of Bombay (now the University of Mumbai). Reid bequeathed £25,000 in trust to Irish education.
The chair was established initially in 1888 as Reid Professor of Penal Legislation, Constitutional and Criminal Law, and the Law of Evidence. This was amended to its current name by the High Court on 3 March 1975.

## Status

While nominally a chair, appointments are made on the lecturer (assistant professor) scale. The current holder is designated an adjunct assistant professor.

## Holders
### Reid Professor of Penal Legislation, Constitutional and Criminal Law, and the Law of Evidence

* Frances Moran (1925–1930)
* Mary Robinson (1969–1975)

### Reid Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology

* Mary McAleese (appointed in 1975, reappointed in 1981)
* Mark James Findlay (1979-1981)
* John Larkin (1989–1992)
* Ivana Bacik (1996, current holder)
# Reid Railton

Reid Anthony Railton (25 June 1895 – 1 September 1977) was a British automotive engineer, and designer of land and water speed record vehicles.

## Biography

Reid Anthony Railton was the son of a Manchester stockbroker: Charles Withingon Railton and his wife Charlotte Elizabeth (née Sharman), Reid was born in Chorley, Alderley Edge, Cheshire and was christened on 13 August 1895 at the local parish church. He was educated at Rugby School and Manchester University. He joined Leyland Motors in 1917 where he worked with J.G. Parry-Thomas on the Leyland Eight luxury car. He left in 1922 to set up the Arab Motor Company where he was chief designer. Only about twelve cars were built, of which two low-chassis cars survive. One is in the Isle of Man and the other one (chassis number 6, engine number 10, registration UW 2) is now in Austria having been rebuilt and rebodied by David Barker in the early 1990s.
In 1927, on the death of his friend Parry-Thomas, Railton closed the Arab factory and moved to Brooklands working for Thomson & Taylor becoming their Technical Director with responsibility for John Cobb's 1933 Napier Railton car which took the Outer Circuit record in 1933 and Sir Malcolm Campbell's Blue Bird Land Speed Record cars of 1931 to 1935. His greatest achievements were probably in designing the Railton Special car with which John Cobb set the Land Speed Record at 394.7 mph (635.2 km/h) in 1947 and designing the E.R.A. racing cars built in 1933–34 at Thompson & Taylors at Brooklands. He also tuned the Hudson chassis used on the Railton car, named after him.
As well as cars he designed high-speed boats, including the jet-powered Crusader in which John Cobb was killed in 1952 while travelling in excess of 200 mph (322 km/h) attempting to break the Water Speed Record.
In 1939 he moved to California to work for the Hall-Scott Motor Company. He died in Berkeley, California, on 1 September 1977 at the age of 82.

## Vehicles designed by Reid Railton

* Campbell-Napier-Railton Blue Bird
* Campbell-Railton Blue Bird
* Crusader (speedboat)
* Leyland Eight
* Napier-Railton
* Railton Mobil Special
* Railton Special
# Rapid River (Alaska-Yukon)

The Rapid River is a river in Yukon, Canada and Alaska, United States.

## Etymology

The stream was published as Sucker River by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS) in 1890. The current name was mentioned by R. G. McConnell of the Geological Survey of Canada in 1888. It was so named because of the "boulder stream rapids that extend three quarters of a mile up stream from its mouth."

## Hydrology

The source of the Rapid River is on the slopes of Lahchah Mountain at an elevation of 745 metres (2,444 ft), about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Old Crow. The river travels 15 kilometres (9 mi) west to reach the United States border, where it crosses into Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska at 67°38′30″N 141°00′00″W﻿ / ﻿67.64167°N 141.00000°W﻿ / 67.64167; -141.00000 at an elevation of 476 metres (1,562 ft). The river reaches its mouth at the Porcupine River at an elevation of 197 metres (646 ft), 12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi) north of the settlement of Old Rampart.
# Scottish Chief Constables Association

The Scottish Chief Constables Association was a professional body within which the leaders of Scotland's county constabularies and burgh police forces could meet to socialise, discuss policy, prepare documents and communicate with other organisations with a stake in law enforcement. It also liaised with the ACPO.
# Scottish Childminding Association

The Scottish Childminding Association (SCMA) is a charity and membership organisation based in Stirling, Scotland. It provides support, training and information to childminders in Scotland. SCMA's convenor is Barbara Anne Dennistoun and its chief executive is Graeme McAllister.

## Registration

By law, childminding services in Scotland must be registered with the Care Inspectorate the independent regulator of social care and social work services across Scotland. The Care Inspectorate regulates childminding services according to the Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010 and assesses their quality to make sure they meet the National Care Standards which are published by the Scottish Government.

## Community Childminding

SCMA's Community Childminding Service provides short-term childcare for families in need. Community Childminding Services currently operate in Aberdeen, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Glasgow, West Lothian and the Scottish Borders.

## Communications

The association publishes a quarterly magazine, Childminding, and operates a helpline.
# Scottish Hydro Electric

Scottish Hydro plc was a public electricity supplier formed on 1 August 1989 after a change of name from North of Scotland Electricity plc on that date. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but merged with Southern Electric in 1998.

## History

The company was formed on 1 April 1989 to acquire the assets of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board ahead of electricity privatisation in the United Kingdom under the name North of Scotland Electricity plc. The company was floated on the London Stock Exchange in June 1991. It merged with the English public electricity supplier Southern Electric plc to become Scottish and Southern Energy plc (SSE) on 14 December 1998.

## Operations

The Scottish Hydro name was used as a brand name by SSE plc for supplying gas and electricity in Scotland, and by Scottish Hydro-Electric Power Distribution Ltd, the distribution network operator in the north of Scotland. In 2011, power consumption of the north was largely handled by Scottish Hydro.

## Successors

The Scottish Hydro brand continued in use for a time after the 1998 merger but SSE later used its own brand throughout the UK. Following the purchase of SSE's retail business by OVO Energy in 2020, the Scottish Hydro brand became a trading name of OVO Electricity Limited until it was replaced by the Ovo brand.

## Fuel sources

The fuel sources used by SSE Energy Supply to generate power during the year 2015-16 and 2021-22 were as follows:
| Fuel | 2015-16 | 2015-16 | 2021-22 | 2021-22 |
| Fuel | % of Total | GB average (for comparison) | % of Total | GB average (for comparison) |
| Coal | 25% | 17% | 0% | 3.8% |
| Natural Gas | 35% | 32% | 70.1% | 38.5% |
| Nuclear | 7% | 24% | 0% | 16.1% |
| Sun, wind, water | 29% | 24% | 29.9% | 38.7% |
| Other | 4% | 3% | 0% | 2.9% |
| Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
# Rasmus Nielsen (biologist)

Rasmus Nielsen (born January 27, 1970) is a Danish biologist and professor in the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on statistical genetics and computational genomics as they relate to evolutionary biology. Much of his research has focused on the molecular mechanisms of evolutionary adaptations. For example, in 2010, his research group discovered the variant in the EPAS1 gene that allows Tibetans to live at high altitudes. His research has also identified an evolved genetic adaptation among the Inuit that allows them to metabolize fatty acids.
# Rasul Hoque

Rasul Hoque is an Indian politician. In 2006 he was elected as MLA of Dhubri Vidhan Sabha Constituency in Assam Legislative Assembly. He is an All India United Democratic Front politician.