OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isaac Jacob Schoenberg

Isaac Jacob Schoenberg (April 21, 1903 – February 21, 1990) was a Romanian-American mathematician, known for his invention of splines.

## Life and career

Schoenberg was born in Galați to a Jewish family, the youngest of four children. He studied at the University of Iași, receiving his M.A. in 1922. From 1922 to 1925 he studied at the Universities of Berlin and Göttingen, working on a topic in analytic number theory suggested by Issai Schur. He presented his thesis to the University of Iași, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1926. In Göttingen, he met Edmund Landau, who arranged a visit for Schoenberg to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1928. During this visit, Schoenberg began his work on total positivity and variation-diminishing linear transformations. In 1930, he returned from Jerusalem, and married Landau's daughter Charlotte in Berlin.
In 1930, he was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship, which enabled him to go to the United States, visiting the University of Chicago, Harvard, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. From 1935, he taught at Swarthmore College and Colby College. In 1941, he was appointed to the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. During 1943–1945 he was released from U. Penn. in order to perform war work as a mathematician at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. It was during this time that he initiated the work for which he is most famous, the theory of splines.
In 1966 he moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he became a member of the Mathematics Research Center. He remained there until he retired in 1973. In 1974 he won a Lester R. Ford Award.

## Books

* Schoenberg, I. J. (1973), Cardinal Spline Interpolation, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
* Schoenberg, I. J. (1982), Mathematical time exposures, Mathematical Association of America, ISBN 0-88385-438-4, Unknown ID:loc=82-062766
* Schoenberg, I. J. (1988), Selected Papers, Vol.1 and 2 (Ed. C. de Boor), Birkhäuser

## Papers

He wrote about 175 papers on many disparate subjects. Around 50 of these were on Splines. He also wrote on Approximation theory, the Kakeya problem, Polya frequency functions, and a problem of Edmund Landau. His coauthors included John von Neumann, Hans Rademacher, Theodore Motzkin, George Polya, A. S. Besicovitch, Gábor Szegő, Donald J. Newman, Richard Askey, Bernard Epstein and Carl de Boor.
# Potato riots

The "potato riots" were the mass anti-serfdom movement of udelnye krestyane (imperial peasants; peasants in the personal property lands of the Russian imperial house) in 1834, and of state peasants in 1840–44, in Russian Empire. The reason for the rebellion was the coercive introduction of potato cultivation. The government selected the best fertile sections for potatoes from peasant lands. Authorities enforced brutal punishments for the non-fulfillment of the orders and assessed different requisitions. In 1834 unrest flared up in Vyatsky and Vladimir provinces, but it reached its height among the state peasants in 1840–44. Riots appeared simultaneously and they were partly in response to Pavel Kiselyov's reforms of state villages (1837–41). In the provinces of Ural and the lower Volga Region more than 500,000 peasants rose up destroying sowings of potatoes, and thrashing officials. They arbitrarily re-elected wardens, and attacked punitive detachments with weapons. Aside from ethnic Russians, participants in the riots included the Mari population, Chuvashes, Udmurts, Tatars, and Komi. The government sent troops to suppress the riots. In a number of places, peasants were shot. Thousands of rebels were convicted, and exiled into Siberia or forcibly drafted as soldiers.
The eschatological rumours associating potato planting with the service to the Antichrist has also contributed to the magnitude of the disturbances.
# Pothiyahi

Pothiyahi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3927 people living in 627 individual households.
# Isoprednidene

Isoprednidene (developmental code name StC 407) is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid which was never marketed.
# Isopotential muscle

Isopotential muscle refers to muscle fibers which are fewer than two times the length constant.
# 2008 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Men's doubles

Potito Starace and Martín Vassallo Argüello were the defending champions. They were both present but did not compete together. Starace partnered with Nicolás Massú, but lost in the semifinals to Oliver Marach and Michal Mertiňák. Vassallo Argüello partnered with Albert Montañés, but lost in the first round to Óscar Hernández and Sergio Roitman.
Oliver Marach and Michal Mertiňák won in the final 6–2, 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, [10–7], against Agustín Calleri and Luis Horna.

## Seeds

* František Čermák / Leoš Friedl (quarterfinals)
* Oliver Marach / Michal Mertiňák (champions)
* José Acasuso / Sebastián Prieto (semifinals)
* Marcel Granollers-Pujol / Santiago Ventura (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | F Čermák L Friedl | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Berlocq O Patience | 3 | 4 | | 1 | F Čermák L Friedl | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | B Echagaray S González | 2 | 2 | | | A Calleri L Horna | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Calleri L Horna | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | A Calleri L Horna | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| 3 | J Acasuso S Prieto | 7$^7$ | 7$^7$ | | | | | | 3 | J Acasuso S Prieto | 2 | 1 | | | | | |
| | P Cuevas N Lapentti | 6$^5$ | 6$^4$ | | 3 | J Acasuso S Prieto | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Montañés M Vassallo Argüello | 4 | 5 | | | Ó Hernández S Roitman | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ó Hernández S Roitman | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | A Calleri L Horna | 2 | 7$^7$ | [7] |
| WC | L Arnold Ker C Moyá | 4 | 7$^7$ | [4] | | | | | | | | | 2 | O Marach M Mertiňák | 6 | 6$^3$ | [10] |
| | M González J Mónaco | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | M González J Mónaco | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Massú P Starace | 6 | 7 | | | N Massú P Starace | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | M Granollers-Pujol S Ventura | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | N Massú P Starace | 5 | 3 | | | | | |
| | A Fisher S Huss | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | 2 | O Marach M Mertiňák | 7 | 6 | | | | | |
| | F Fognini F Volandri | 6 | 3 | [12] | | F Fognini F Volandri | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | JP Brzezicki P Luczak | 4 | 1 | | 2 | O Marach M Mertiňák | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | O Marach M Mertiňák | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 124

The 124th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Berks and Schuylkill counties, and includes the following areas:
* Berks County
** Albany Township
** Greenwich Township
** Maxatawny Township
** Hamburg
** Kutztown
** Lenhartsville
** Tilden Township
** Upper Bern Township
** Upper Tulpehocken Township
** Windsor Township
* Schuylkill County
** Auburn
** Coaldale
** Deer Lake
** Delano Township
** East Brunswick Township
** Landingville
** New Ringgold
** Orwigsburg
** Port Clinton
** Rush Township
* Schuylkill County (continued)
** Ryan Township
** Schuylkill Township
** South Manheim Township
** Tamaqua
** Walker Township
** West Brunswick Township
** West Penn Township

## Representatives

| Representative | Party | Years | District home | Note |
| Prior to 1969, seats were apportioned by county. |||||
| Frank M. Allen | Republican | 1969 – 1972 | | |
| William K. Klingaman, Sr. | Republican | 1973 – 1990 | | |
| Dave Argall | Republican | 1985 – 2009 | Rush Township | Elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate |
| Jerry Knowles | Republican | 2009 – 2023 | | Elected May 19, 2009 to fill vacancy |
| Jamie Barton | Republican | 2023 – present | | Incumbent |
# Posta

Posta may refer to:

## Places

* Posta, Burrabazar, a neighbourhood in Kolkata
* Posta, Lazio, a comune (municipality), in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio
* Posta, Pirna, part of the town of Pirna in the Sächsische Schweiz, district of the Free State of Saxony, Germany
* Posta, the central business district of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
* Posta Fibreno, comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio
* Posta River, a tributary of the Arieş River in Romania
* Posta Ybycua, a division (compañía) of the city Capiatá in Central Department, Paraguay
* Piz Posta Biala, a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located north of Sumvitg in the canton of Graubünden
* Posta del Chuy, a historic inn situated 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away from Melo, Cerro Largo, Uruguay

## Postal services

* Posta Kenya, the postal corporation of Kenya
* Posta (company), the postal service of the Faroe Islands
* Posta e Kosovës, company responsible for postal service in Kosovo
* Poșta Moldovei, company responsible for postal service in Moldova
* Poșta Română, the national operator in the field of postal services in Romania
* Magyar Posta, the postal administration of Hungary
* Posta Uganda, the company solely responsible for postal service in Uganda
* Posta Shqiptare, the national postal service of Albania

## People

* Sándor Pósta (1888–1952), Hungarian fencer and Olympic champion in the sabre competition
* Adrienne Posta (born 1948), English actress and singer

## Other uses

* Posta sudada, traditional Colombian cuisine meat dish, particularly of Antioqueña
* Posta Rangers F.C., Kenyan professional football club, based in Nairobi
* Posta seeds, another name for Khas khas (Opium poppy) seeds, used mainly in cooking in India
* Posta (newspaper), a popular Turkish tabloid
* Posta Sandstone
* "Posta" (song), by Tini from the album Un Mechón de Pelo (2024)
# Pencak silat at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tunggal

The men's tunggal (single) seni competition at the 2018 Asian Games took place from 25 to 29 August 2018 at Padepokan Pencak Silat, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta, Indonesia.

## Schedule

All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Saturday, 25 August 2018 | 09:30 | Preliminary |
| Wednesday, 29 August 2018 | 09:00 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* DSQ — Disqualified

### Preliminary
#### Group A

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| 1 | Ilyas Sadara (THA) | 460 |
| 2 | Vũ Tiến Dũng (VIE) | 452 |
| 3 | Souksavanh Chanthilath (LAO) | 452 |
| 4 | Mohd Afifi Nordin (MAS) | 450 |
| 5 | Daisuke Aso (JPN) | 442 |

#### Group B

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| 1 | Sugianto (INA) | 467 |
| 2 | Iqbal Abdul Rahman (SGP) | 458 |
| 3 | Al-Mohaidib Abad (PHI) | 452 |
| 4 | Noman Yousaf (PAK) | 412 |
| — | Paulo Futre Dos Reis (TLS) | DSQ |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| | Sugianto (INA) | 471 |
| | Ilyas Sadara (THA) | 460 |
| | Al-Mohaidib Abad (PHI) | 455 |
| 4 | Vũ Tiến Dũng (VIE) | 435 |
| 5 | Iqbal Abdul Rahman (SGP) | 432 |
| 6 | Souksavanh Chanthilath (LAO) | 429 |
# Isocanace

Isocanace is a genus of beach flies in the family Canacidae. All known species are Australasian or Afrotropical.

## Species

* I. albiceps (Malloch, 1925)
* I. australis Mathis, 1982
* I. briani Mathis, 1982
* I. flava (Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1969)
# Isobutyryl-CoA mutase

In enzymology, an isobutyryl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    2-methylpropanoyl-CoA $\rightleftharpoons$ butanoyl-CoA
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA, and one product, butanoyl-CoA.
This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular transferases transferring other groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA CoA-carbonylmutase. Other names in common use include isobutyryl coenzyme A mutase, and butyryl-CoA:isobutyryl-CoA mutase. It uses adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor, which is bound at the enzyme's vitamin B12-binding domain. The mechanism of action of the enzyme is to generate a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical by homolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond of the cofactor. This radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate to initiate the rearrangement reaction.
# Percy Guarin

Percy Piñero Guarin is a former Filipino international footballer, coach and sports official.

## Early life

Guarin took up football at age 10 and the sport was the pastime of his closest friends and family in Dumaguete.

## Football career
### Playing career
#### Collegiate

Guarin played for the football team of Silliman University and later San Beda College. He was enrolled in both institutions.

##### Club

Guarin played for the San Miguel Corporation Football Team and the Construction Development Corporation of the Philippines Football Team.

#### International

In 1979, The scouts of the Philippine Football Federation selected him to participate in a try-out for the Philippine national youth football team. Out of the 60 other children, Guarin was among the few who officially managed to make it to the team after undergoing three months of training. He was part of the youth team under Z.Goll from 1979 to 1983.
Guarin entered the senior national team in 1981. Among other selected national team players, he participated in cultural exchange football activities between the Philippines and the former Soviet Union in 1983. He also played for the national team at the 1981 and 1983 Southeast Asian Games.

### As a coach and sports official

In Manila, Guarin secured an AFC C license in 1996 and later attained an AFC B license in Bacolod in 1997. Guarin went to Thailand in 2002 to accomplish an AFC Instructors Course. Guarin secured an AFC Conditioning Certificate in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and an International Coaching Certificate in Germany in 2004. Guarin also went to Fukushima, Japan in 2007 where he accomplished and passed the Japan Football Association C License International Course.
In 2014, Guarin joined other select coaches of the Philippine under-11 team at Loughborough University in England where the underwent training.
On January 10, 2015, Guarin was elected as president of the then-named Cagayan Misamis Oriental Football Association (now the Misamis Oriental Camiguin Ginggoog El Salvador and Cagayan de Oro Regional Football Association) succeeding Ismael C. Batiles who served for 8 years.

#### Programs

He initiated football programs in Cagayan de Oro. Among his most noted projects is the "All Heart for your Dreams" program which involved collaboration with sports associations in the city, the conduction of football clinics for children for free, and the scouting for new talents. As part of Guarin's program, the Cagayan de Oro football center, the Liga Estudiantes, and the Mindanao 1 Futbol were established and the project "Happiness" was launched.
Guarin however had limited projects in Misamis Oriental due to a lack of support from the football association and at times the association itself is inactive. He collaborated with friends, officials, and teachers from the Department of Education for his projects.

## Personal life

Guarin settled with his wife in 1987. He officially started to reside in Cagayan de Oro in 2008.
# Pound–Hitchins House

Pound–Hitchins House, also known as “Mount Providence” and Ruhlmann House, is a historic home located at Lockport, Niagara County, New York. It was built about 1833 and is a two-story, five-bay, Greek Revival style dwelling with a large two-story wing. It has a side-gable roof and end chimneys, and is constructed of large-block ashlar Gasport limestone. It features an elaborate central entry with an original six-panel wood door recessed slightly behind two engaged Ionic order columns in antis with sidelights and panels.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
# Pelecanus paranensis

Pelecanus paranensis is a fossil pelican from the Upper Miocene of the Paraná Formation, in Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. It is the first fossil pelican described from Argentina and the southernmost to be reported from South America.

## Discovery and naming

Pelecanus paranensis is known from a nearly complete pelvis, CICYTTP-PV-A-3-277 (the holotype specimen), which was found in the Cerro La Matanza locality in Victoria City, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. The specific name refers to the Paraná Formation, the stratigraphic provenance of the specimen.

## Size

The known specimen of P. paranensis falls within the size range of extant great white, Australian, American white and Peruvian pelicans. It is smaller than the Dalmatian pelican but larger than the pink-backed, spot-billed and brown pelicans.

## Classification and evolutionary history

P. paranensis exhibits derived characteristics shared with the extant brown and Peruvian pelicans, suggesting it belongs in the New World pelican clade and is closely related to these two species, whilst the American white pelican is a sister taxon to the clade including the aforementioned three species. Because the oldest known fossil pelican, Eopelecanus, is found in Egypt, and the closest relatives of pelicans (Scopidae and Balaenicipitidae) are also restricted to Africa, pelicans likely first emerged in Africa before spreading to other continents. Whilst pelicans are traditionally believed to have colonized the Americas in an eastward direction from Eurasia, the presence of P. paranensis in late Miocene South America along with its relationship to the New World clade may instead indicate the common ancestor of the New World pelicans reached South America via trans-Atlantic dispersal from Africa after diverging from the Old World clade.

## Paleoenvironment

The sediments of the Paraná Formation where P. paranensis was found represents littoral to marine facies of the Paranaense Sea, a shallow inland sea which covered parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil in the middle and late Miocene. A diverse fauna of marine life is known from the formation, including rays and sharks such as Cosmopolitodus hastalis, Otodus megalodon, Hemipristis serra and Megascyliorhinus trelewensis, as well as physeteroid cetaceans. Continental vertebrates have also been found in the Paraná Formation, including the rodents Plesiacarechimys and Cardiatherium, the pampatheriid Scirrotherium and an indeterminate flamingo of the genus Phoenicopterus.
# Prairie dock

Prairie dock is a common name for several plants:
* Silphium perfoliatum
* Silphium terebinthinaceum
* Parthenium integrifolium
# Poul Møller (disambiguation)

Poul Møller (1919-1997) was a Danish politician.
Poul Møller may also refer to:
* Paul Barfoed Møller, from the film Jeppe på bjerget
* Poul Martin Møller (1794–1838), Danish academic, writer, and poet
# Postal codes in the Netherlands

Postal codes in the Netherlands, known as postcodes, are alphanumeric, consisting of four digits followed by two uppercase letters. The letters 'F', 'I', 'O', 'Q', 'U' and 'Y' were originally not used for technical reasons, but almost all existing combinations are now used as these letters were allowed for new locations starting 2005. The letter combinations 'SS', 'SD' and 'SA' are not used because of their associations with the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.
The first two digits indicate a city and a region, the second two digits and the two letters indicate a range of house numbers, usually on the same street. Consequently, a postal address is uniquely defined by the postal code and the house number. On average, a Dutch postal code comprises eight single addresses. There are over 575,000 postal codes in the Netherlands as of 2017.

## Caribbean Netherlands

The three BES-islands, which became part of the country in 2010, do not as yet have postal codes. The address, the town and the island are sufficient for sending post to either island (with "Caribbean Netherlands" as country when sent from abroad). The Dutch government has plans for introducing postal codes on the islands that would be similar to the postal codes used in the European Netherlands.
# Pencil cactus

Pencil cactus may refer to:
* Cylindropuntia leptocaulis, a cactus native to the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico
* Euphorbia tirucalli, a shrub or small tree with pencil-thick succulent branches that is native to most of Africa and as well as parts of the Arabian Peninsula
# Pranouan

Pranouan is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Yakpabo-Sakassou, Tiébissou Department, Bélier Region, Lacs District.
Pranouan was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# 2008 Medibank International – Men's doubles

Paul Hanley and Kevin Ullyett were the defending champions. They were both present but did not compete together. Hanley partnered with Leander Paes, but lost in the first round to Martin Damm and Pavel Vízner. Ullyett partnered with Eric Butorac, but lost in the first round to Alun Jones and Joseph Sirianni.
Richard Gasquet and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won in the final 4–6, 6–4, [11–9], against Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan.

## Seeds

* Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan (final)
* Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić (first round)
* Simon Aspelin / Julian Knowle (quarterfinals)
* Martin Damm / Pavel Vízner (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | B Bryan M Bryan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Mirnyi J Murray | 4 | 2 | | 1 | B Bryan M Bryan | 7 | 3 | [11] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Erlich A Ram | 7 | 6 | | | J Erlich A Ram | 6$^1$ | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Simon F Verdasco | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | 1 | B Bryan M Bryan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| 3 | S Aspelin J Knowle | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | WC | A Jones J Sirianni | 3 | 4 | | | | | | |
| | N Mahut F Santoro | 3 | 3 | | 3 | S Aspelin J Knowle | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Jones J Sirianni | 6 | 7 | | WC | A Jones J Sirianni | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Butorac K Ullyett | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | B Bryan M Bryan | 6 | 4 | [9] |
| WC | C Guccione R Smeets | 4 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | | | R Gasquet J-W Tsonga | 4 | 6 | [11] |
| | R Gasquet J-W Tsonga | 6 | 2 | [10] | | R Gasquet J-W Tsonga | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Hanley L Paes | 6$^5$ | 4 | | 4 | M Damm P Vízner | 3 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | M Damm P Vízner | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | R Gasquet J-W Tsonga | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | |
| | M Bhupathi M Knowles | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 6 | 4 | [4] | | | | | |
| | T Berdych R Štěpánek | 6 | 6 | | | T Berdych R Štěpánek | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 7 | 6 | | | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | D Nestor N Zimonjić | 6$^5$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Isua

Isua may refer to:
* Isua Greenstone Belt, a Greenlandic greenstone belt
* Isua Iron Mine, a proposed open-pit iron mine
* Isua-Akoko, a small town in Ondo State