OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponganis Icefall

Ponganis Icefall (73°32′00″S 169°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿73.53333°S 169.85000°E﻿ / -73.53333; 169.85000) is an icefall, 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high and 1.25 nautical miles (2.32 km) wide on the east side of Coulman Island in the Ross Sea. The icefall descends from the Hawkes Heights caldera to the sea at Cape Main. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2005 after Paul J. Ponganis, Center for Marine Biotechnology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, who studied the behavior and census of Emperor penguins at Cape Crozier, Cape Washington, Beaufort Island, Franklin Island and Coulman Island in 13 field seasons, from 1987 to 2004, and for Katherine V. Ponganis (Mrs. Paul J. Ponganis), a member of the study team in five field seasons.
# Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences

The Pontifical Committee of Historical Sciences is a division of the Roman Curia established on 7 April 1954 by Pope Pius XII.

## Background

Pope Pius XII created this committee on 7 April 1954 as the successor to the Commission of Cardinals for Historical Studies, which Pope Leo XIII had created on 18 August 1883 with the apostolic letter Saepenumero considerantes. That commission was created to contribute to the development and proper use of historical sciences, especially late in the nineteenth century when parts of the Vatican's historical records, known as the Vatican Secret Archive, was opened to scholars. The new committee was created to foster cooperation with the International Committee of Historical Sciences, which was scheduled to hold its convention in Rome in 1955.
On 14 January 2019 Pope Francis created the new role of the assessor as third leadership position, after the president and the secretary.

## Recent events

In 2011, the committee held a conference devoted to St. Catherine of Siena. In 2012 it marked the 1700th anniversary of the Battle of Ponte Milvio with a conference called "Constantine the Great. To the roots of Europe". A 2014 conference considered the legacy of Pope Pius X. In 2017, the committee sponsored a three-day conference called "Luther: 500 Years Later" to examine the non-theological context of the origins of the Protestant Reformation.

## Leadership
### Presidents

* Pio Paschini [it] (1954 – 20 August 1962)
* Michele Maccarrone (1963–1989)
* Victor Saxer (1989–1998)
* Walter Brandmüller (13 June 1998 – 3 December 2009)
* Bernard Ardura, O. Praem. (3 December 2009 – present)

### Secretaries

* Michele Maccarrone (1954–1963)
* José Ruysschaert (1963–1973)
* Amato Pietro Frutaz [it] (1973–1980)
* Raffaele Farina, S.D.B. (1981–1989)
* Vittorino Grossi, O.E.S.A. (1989–2002)
* Cosimo Semeraro [it], S.D.B. (16 November 2002 – 16 May 2013)
* Luigi Michele De Palma [de] (16 May 2013 – present)

### Assessors

* Enrico dal Covolo (2019 – present)
# Poplar River

Poplar River may refer to:
* Canada
** Manitoba
*** Poplar River (Manitoba)
*** Poplar River First Nation, a First Nation community astride the river in Manitoba
** Ontario
*** Kenora District
**** Poplar River (Atikameg River), part of the Kapiskau River system
**** Poplar River (Fawn River), in the Severn River system
**** Poplar River (Manitoba) (the upper reaches of which are in Ontario)
*** Poplar River (Nipissing District), in Nipissing District, part of the French River system
** Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan), a tributary of the Missouri River in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States
* United States
** Poplar River (Lake Superior), Minnesota
** Poplar River (Lost River), Minnesota
** Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan), a tributary of the Missouri River in Saskatchewan in Canada and Montana in the United States
# Port Saint Louis

Port Saint Louis can be:
* the original name of Puerto Soledad on the Falklands
* Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône, a commune in southern France
* Port Saint-Louis, the former French name of Antsohimbondrona, in Madagascar
# Râmnic

The Râmnic is a left tributary of the river Casimcea in Romania. It flows into the Casimcea in Pantelimon de Jos. Its length is 20 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 87 km$^2$ (34 sq mi).
# Portishead Open Lawn Tennis Tournament

The Portishead Open Lawn Tennis Tournament was a Victorian period combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament first staged September 1882, organised by Portishead Lawn Tennis Club and held at Portishead, Somerset, England. The tournament ended around 1890.

## History

The Portishead Lawn Tennis was originally staged in July 1882 when it was held in conjunction with a Bazaar happening at the same time subsequently the event was thus co-promoted as the Lawn Tennis and Bazaar at Portishead.
The Bristol-based Western Daily Express reported on this event as follows:
   The Lawn Tennis Tournament and Bazaar at Portishead. Second Day. With the accompaniment of fine weather play in the Lawn Tennis Tournament was resumed on Saturday at the cricket field. Though there was good attendance of visitor number's, the tennis tournament was not well attended.
On 12 September 1883 the Portishead Open Lawn Tennis Tournament was officially established, at the first meeting of this tournament Charles Lacy Sweet won the men's singles title, against Lionel Wilberforce the brother of Herbert Wilberforce, the men's doubles was won by Charles Lacy Sweet and Mr. Pontifex defeating William Parkfield Wethered and F.E. Gibbs. The women's singles was won Miss Bryant, the women's doubles were won by Miss Reynolds and Miss Reynolds who defeated Miss Arden and Miss A. Lys, and the mixed doubles title was won by William Renshaw and Miss Arden who defeated Charles Lacy Sweet and Miss Miss A. Lys.
The inaugural open tournament received more positive reporting the following year in 1883.
   The Lawn Tennis Tournament at Portishead. This open tournament, which lasted four days, was brought to a successful termination yesterday. There was a numerous gathering of spectators during the four days, and there was favourable weather each day.
After the success of the 1883 tournament this event started to attract top players, and ever increasing attendances, and was held up to at least 1890.
The Western Daily Express once again reporting in 1887:
   The Portishead Lawn Tennis Tournament. This popular tennis meeting was commenced on the prettily situated ground of the Portishead Lawn Tennis Club yesterday, and will be continued today and Saturday. The entries are more namerous this year.
# Portishead Point Lighthouse

Portishead Point Lighthouse, more commonly known as Battery Point Lighthouse, was built in Portishead, Somerset, England, in 1931.

## History

The 9-metre-high (30 ft) lighthouse was built as an unwatched automatic light by the Chance Brothers of Smethwick at Battery Point in 1931. It consists of a black metal pyramid on a concrete base.
Initially, it had been intended to provide Portishead Point with a diaphone fog signal. However, in response to local unrest at the prospect, the decision was taken to commission a fog bell instead. Gillett & Johnston of Croydon cast the two-tonne bell was cast by in 1938 and installed it the following year. Due to structural concerns, the bell was removed in 1998; later, following public campaigning for restoration, the bell was acquired by Portishead Town Council and returned to the town in 2012. It is installed on Wyndham Way, close to the High Street.
The lighthouse is maintained by the Bristol Port Company. The light was refurbished in 2012.

## Gallery

* Close-up of the lighthouse.
* Irene sailing past Portishead Point.
* The bell, displayed on Wyndham Way.
* The lighthouse
# S. D. Pears

Steuart Durand Pears (24 February 1859 – 2 February 1953) was a British civil engineer and administrator who served as President of the Madras Corporation from 1902 to 1906.

## Biography

Born in Ootacamund, British India to Colonel Arnold Christian Pears, Pears was educated at Clifton College and left for India in July 1877. His younger brother was Sir Edmund Radcliffe Pears.
He died at Kersbrook Cottage, Lyme Regis, Dorset, aged 93.

## Career

Pears served in the Public Works Department (PWD) of the Madras Government from 1877 to 1896. From 1893 to 1896, he was in charge of the Mullaperiyar Dam project.
# S. S. Mani Nadar

S. S. Mani Nadar (died 9 November 2002) was an Indian politician and a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (TMC) candidate from Sathankulam constituency in the 1996 and 2001 elections.
Nadar had been one of five TMC MLAs, including one who was a member of the Republican Party of India but who had been elected on a TMC ticket, who objected in August 2002 to a proposed merger of the party with the Indian National Congress.
He died in Chennai on 9 November 2002, aged 66, leaving a wife and son.
# S. S. Mohammad Ismail

S. S. Mohammad Ismail was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Aravakurichi constituency in the 1996 elections. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.
# SAM Intercontinental

SAM Intercontinental was a charter airline based in Bamako, Mali. Its main base is Senou International Airport.

## Fleet

As of 2020 SAM International has no own aircraft. (ch-aviation.com states "Out of Business").

### Former fleet

As of April 2019, the SAM Intercontinental fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
# Poropuntius burtoni

Poropuntius burtoni is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Poropuntius which is common in most of the hils treams draining into the Chindwin river in Manipur.
# S.V. Tuna

S.V. Tuna is a Surinamese football club from the capital city Paramaribo, currently playing in the Lidbondentoernooi, the 3rd tier of football in Suriname.

## History

Founded on 1 November 1950 in Paramaribo, Suriname, S.V. Tuna played in the Hoofdklasse, the top flight of football in Suriname from the 1950s to the 1980s. Considered a strong club in the golden age of football in Suriname, the club brought forth many talents, such as Armand Sahadewsing, Puck Eliazer, Edwin Schal, Errol Emanuelson and Andy Atmodimedjo. Playing their home matches on the Plein van 12 Mei, the square to commemorate the abolishment of slavery, their head office is located on the Sophiastraat.
Tuna had a famous youth program, but were unable to win the national championship during their period at the top flight. During the eighties and nineties the club suffered some setbacks, and were eventually relegated to the Eerste Klasse in 1992. The club currently compete in the amateur district leagues of Suriname.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Saint Helena

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Saint Helena.

## Queen Victoria and King Edward VII (1856–1908)

The first stamp of St Helena was issued on 1 January 1856. It was a 6d blue imperforate stamp portraying Queen Victoria. From 1863 to 1880, this stamp was issued in various colours, perforated and overprinted for each value from 1d to 5s. This design continued to be used until 1884, when a new set of Victorian key types was issued for the colony.
The Victorian key types were replaced by a short-lived set of two King Edward VII key types in 1902. In 1903, a new pictorial definitive set of six values was issued. Three stamps showed King Edward and the Government House, and three others showed the King and the Wharf. In 1908, a set of four key types was issued. The values were additional values which were not included in the 1903 pictorial definitive (2½d, 4d, 6d and 10s).

## King George V and King George VI (1912–1949)

The 1912–1916 King George V definitives were similar to the 1903 definitive, the only difference being the King's profile. However this time there were ten values in the set, ranging from ½d to 3s. Between 1912 and 1913 4d and 6d stamps (not included in the pictorial set) were issued in the form of a key type.
Between 1922 and 1937, a new definitive was issued. Designed by the St Helena-born Postmaster Thomas R. Bruce, it was similar to the 1912–1916 pictorials, but instead of the Government House or the Wharf, these stamps showed the badge of St. Helena – a three-masted sailing ship near two large rocks. These values ranged from ½d to £1, and there are many varieties, such as the broken mainmast, the torn flag, and the cleft rock. In 1934, St. Helena's first commemorative set was issued. This was a set of 10 values up to 10s commemorating the centenary of British colonisation (1834–1934). In 1935, the Crown Agents omnibus issue commemorating the Silver Jubilee of King George V was issued.
The first King George VI set was that of the 1937 Coronation. Between 1938 and 1949, a new definitive was issued portraying King George VI and the badge of the Colony. However, the design was totally different from the 1922 badge set. All the commemorative sets issued in this reign were CA omnibus issues:
* Coronation of King George VI (19 May 1937)
* Victory (21 October 1946)
* Royal Silver Wedding (20 October 1948)
* 75th Anniversary of the UPU (10 October 1949)

## Queen Elizabeth II (1953–2022)

The first Queen Elizabeth issue was for the 1953 Coronation, followed by a pictorial definitive issued 1 month later. Issues were mainly commemorative or omnibus. On 12 October 1961, four Tristan da Cunha stamps were overprinted "ST. HELENA/Tristan Relief" with a surcharge. Only 454 sets were sold, mainly to tourists from a visiting cruise liner. This set was withdrawn on 19 October and is the most expensive set of St. Helena. St. Helena issues commemorative stamps regularly and still takes part in Crown Agents omnibus issues.
# PowerFilm

PowerFilm, Inc. is a manufacturer of flexible thin film solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, or solar panels, based in Ames, Iowa and is a provider of solar products for industrial, consumer and military remote power applications. PowerFilm's amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film solar modules are both built into solar charger products as well as sold to OEM integrators.

## Technology

CEO Frank Jeffrey summarizes PowerFilm technology for the podcast interview The Naked Scientists "The principal part of the solar cell itself in our cells is amorphous a silicon, which has an extremely high absorption coefficient so that we can have extremely thin semiconducting material that will still absorb a good portion of light. That thin material, even though if it were thick like a crystalline wafer, it would break, in the same type structure when it’s thin enough becomes flexible and tends to bend rather than break. So, that’s the key part, our basic absorber layer that absorbs the solar energy is only say, 5,000 angstroms thick. So it’s quite thin and flexible and we put it on a thin film plastic substrate that is also flexible and adds mechanical support and strength to the solar component." Materials used in thin film absorb more light than traditional silicon cells and therefore can be made much thinner than crystalline cells (1 vs. 200 micrometres)
Season 25 Episode 1 (4/2/15) of How It's Made shows the manufacture of the PowerFilm panels.

## History

* In 1983, thin film roll-to-roll solar cell research began at 3M. Research physicists Dr. Frank Jeffrey and Dr. Derrick Grimmer left 3M and founded Iowa Thin Film Technologies which then engaged in a partnership with 3M and Iowa State University.
* In 1988, Iowa Thin Film Technologies broke ties from 3M and the company began working in a Department of Energy lab in Ames, Iowa.
* The company's first thin-film solar product was created in 1995.
* In 1999, the company shipped thousands of solar panels due in large part to the "Y2K" scare. This resulted in the company's first profitable year.
* 2005: $3.2M contract announced to develop solar tent structures for the U.S. Army
* 2007: Company goes public on the London stock exchange under the name PowerFilm, Inc. IPO ticker symbol PFLM
* 2008: Manufacturing plant expanded by 80,000 sq ft to accommodate additional production capability
* 2010: Japan launches IKAROS. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency used PowerFilm Inc. photovoltaic thin film in the world’s first solar sail powered deep space satellite.
* 2012: U.S. Army makes $3M PowerFilm foldable solar panel purchase

## Products

* OEM thin film solar components
* Foldable solar chargers
* Rollable solar chargers
* Military solar products
* USB solar chargers

## Awards

* FLEXI Award
* Prometheus 2010 Technology Company of the Year
* Technology Association of Iowa Clean Tech Company of the Year
# Potentilla shockleyi

Potentilla shockleyi, also known as sky mousetail, is a tiny species of herbaceous perennial plant in the rose family. It is native to the alpine zone of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the western United States.
# Portrait of Narcissus

Portrait Of Narcissus is the third solo album by David Wolfenberger. It was released in 2006 on Fundamental Records with Blue Jordan Records as an imprint. The album contains 12 original tracks and features such notables as Victoria Williams on vocals, Michelle Shocked on vocals, Joshua Seurkamp on drums, Kim Taylor on vocals and Joshua Grange on pedal steel guitar. Victoria Williams also painted the portrait of Wolfenberger that is on the cover and inside the album. It was well received by British and European critics and ended up at #12 on the independent Euro Americana Chart for April 2006

## Songs

* Something's Gotta Give
* Freezin' Walt Disney Blues
* Inconsolably Overjoyed
* Parking Lot Martyrs
* Vespa Girl
* See The Evening Star
* Cicada Summer
* Ferris Wheel
* Portrait Of Narcissus
* The Wreck Election
* When Everything Is Over
* Sad, Lonely, Rotten World
# Portrait of a Married Couple in Suriname

Portrait of a Married Couple in Suriname or Portrait of the Married Couple Johannes Ellis and Maria Louisa de Hart is a daguerreotype from probably 1846. It is the oldest known surviving photograph from Suriname.
The picture shows the 33-year-old Johannes Ellis, extramarital son of the Dutchman Abraham de Veer and Fanny Ellis, and his 19-year-old Surinamese wife Maria Louisa de Hart, a wealthy couple, dressed according to the latest fashion. De Hart was a daughter of the Jewish merchant Mozes Meijer de Hart, who came from Amsterdam, and a slave girl who was bought free by him in 1827. At the time the daguerreotype was made Maria Louisa was pregnant with her son, the first and only Surinamese minister in a Dutch cabinet: Abraham George Ellis.
According to family tradition, the portrait dates from 1845, the year of their engagement and marriage, but it was probably made in Paramaribo in the spring of 1846 when the American daguerreotypes John L. Riker and Warren Thompson independently visited the north coast of South America.
The original print of the photograph was on a long-term loan from Mrs. J. Huisken to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam in 2009.
# SAF Ammunition Command

The Ammunition Command is the formation of the Singapore Army responsible for providing the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) with ammunition, explosives supply chain management and technical support for ammunition. Besides taking charge of the maintenance and storage of ammunition and explosives, they provide support for the fireworks display at national events such as the National Day Parade and Southeast Asian Games.

## History

The Ammunition Command started as the Weapon Ammunition and Optical Base (WAOB) in February 1967 at Mount Vernon Camp. The first ammunition company in the WAOB later expanded to become the Ammunition Control Company and later the SAF Ammunition Base. In late 1967, the Pasir Laba Ammunition Depot was officially opened for the storage of ammunition and explosives for all three branches of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF): the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.
In 1994, the SAF Ammunition Base became the first unit in the Army to achieve ISO 9002 certification. On 23 May 2006, the SAF Ammunition Command was formed at Rifle Range Road Camp to centralise ammunition command operations for all three branches of the SAF. In April 2010, the SAF introduced the Military Domain Experts Scheme (MDES), a separate rank structure which runs parallel to the SAF's conventional rank system. Ammunition Command regulars who have converted to the MDES, or joined after the MDES was introduced, hold ranks from Military Expert 1 (ME1) to Military Expert 8 (ME8).
# S. R. Sivalingam

S. R. Sivalingam was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Panamarathupatti constituency in the 1989 and 1996 elections. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.
# SS Hydrus

The SS Hydrus was an American steel-hulled Great Lakes bulk freighter, constructed in 1903 and launched as the R.E. Schuck. She was following the SS James Carruthers heading south on Lake Huron while carrying a load of iron ore when she and the Carruthers were caught in the Great Lakes Storm of 1913.
The Hydrus foundered and sank with a crew of twenty-four aboard on or around 8 November 1913 while heading for the St. Clair River. During the storm, waves were said to be 35 feet high along with wind gusts of 90 miles per hour. Five of the crew were found frozen to death in a lifeboat that washed ashore in Canada. The James Carruthers was also lost in the storm as well as the SS Argus, which was the sister ship of the Hydrus. The wreck of the Hydrus was located in the summer of 2015 by a team of shipwreck hunters led by David Trotter. The wreck is in over 160 feet of water, and is heavily encrusted with zebra mussels. It is upright and intact, though the hull has been damaged and the bow is twisted at a 45-degree angle from the rest of the ship. The holds still contain iron ore, and the pilothouse is intact, complete with the ship's wheel and engine-room telegraph.
# SLC2A12

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A12 gene.
# Prajapati Nagar metro station

Prajapati Nagar is the elevated eastern terminal metro station on the East-West Corridor of the Aqua Line of Nagpur Metro in Nagpur, India. This metro station was inaugurated on 11 December 2022 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was opened to the public on 12 December 2022.

## Station layout

Prajapati Nagar track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and two side platforms :
| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| L1 | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| L2 | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | Side platform | Doors will open on the left |
| L2 | Platform 1 Eastbound | Towards → Train Terminates Here |
| L2 | Platform 2 Westbound | Towards ← Lokmanya Nagar Next Station: Vaishno Devi Square |
| Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| L2 | | |
# Prabath

Prabath is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Prabath Dematanpitiya (fl. 1985), Chief of Staff of Sri Lanka Army
* Prabath de Zoysa (born 1999), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Prabath Jayasuriya (born 1991), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Prabath Kariyapperuma (born 1986), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Prabath Nissanka (born 1980), Sri Lankan cricketer

## Surname

* Danuka Prabath (born 1994), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Hashan Prabath (born 1992), Sri Lankan cricketer
# SS Thielbek

A number of steamships have carried the name Thielbek, including:
* SS Thielbek (1926)
* SS Thielbek (1940)