OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sidney H. Haughton

Sidney Henry Haughton FRS (7 May 1888 – 24 May 1982) was an English-born South African paleontologist and geologist best known for his description of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus in 1924, and his work on the geology of the Witwatersrand.
Haughton was born on 7 May 1888 in Bethnal Green, London. He was the eldest of three children born to Henry Charles Haughton and Alice Aves.
During World War I, Haughton enlisted with the Royal Army Medical Corps, was posted to Egypt and then India, and picked up malaria, leading to his discharge from the army.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1961. His candidature citation read: "Honorary Director of Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, Witwatersrand University; formerly Director of the Geological Survey of South Africa and Chief Geologist, South Africa Atomic Energy Board. The outstanding living authority on the geology of South Africa. Distinguished for the value and wide range of contributions to the geology of southern and central Africa especially in the fields of palaeozoology, stratigraphy and economic geology. To the systematic study of Karoo reptiles alone he has devoted 37 papers; other researches contain mollusca, fishes, amphibia and mammalia. Currently is co-ordinating geological studies throughout Africa south of the Sahara. The list of 106 publications is attached."
Haughton's work on South African geology culminated in the 1964 publication of Gold Deposits of the Witwatersrand Basin: The Geology of Some Ore Deposits of Southern Africa, Volume 1, a collection of 18 papers on Witwatersrand geology.

## Publications

* The stratigraphic history of Africa south of the Sahara
* The geology of the country around Mossel bay, Cape Province - (Government Printer, 1937)
* The geology of portion of the coastal belt near the Gamtoos valley, Cape Province - (Printed in the Union of South Africa by the Government Printer, 1937)
* Results of an investigation into the possible presence of oil in Karroo rocks in parts of the Union of South Africa - (Dept. of Mines, 1953)
* Geological history of Southern Africa - (Geological Society of South Africa, 1969)
* Trans-Karroo excursion - (printed by the Natal witness, 1970)
* The Australopithecine fossils of Africa and their geological setting - Witwaterstrand University Press/Institute for the Study of Man in Africa, 1964)
* The stratigraphic history of Africa south of the Sahara - (Hafner Pub. Co., 1963)
* The stratigraphic history of Africa south of the Sahara - (Oliver & Boyd, 1963)
* The geology of some ore deposits in southern Africa - (Geological Society of South Africa, 1964)

## Gallery

* Skull of Alopecognathus minor by Sydney H. Haughton, 1918.
* Holotype skeleton of Macroscelesaurus janseni by Sydney H. Haughton, 1918.
# San Rafael (Asunción)

San Rafael is a neighbourhood (barrio) of Asunción, Paraguay.
# Pennagaram taluk

Pennagaram taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Pennagaram.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Pennagaram had a population of 234,406 with 123,101 males and 111,305 females. There were 904 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 57.62. Child population in the age group below 6 was 13,967 Males and 12,370 Females.
# Antoinette Robain

Antoinette Robain (born 7 December 1956 in Paris) is a French architect. In 2004, she won the Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent with Claire Guieysse for the Centre National de la Danse de Pantin.
# Play the Game

Play the Game may refer to:
* "Play the Game" (song), by Queen
* Play the Game (film), 2009 romantic comedy
* Play the Game (American game show), 1946
* Play the Game (Irish game show), 1984-1995
* Play the Game (NGO), non-governmental organization and conference on sports ethics
# Rob Laird

Rob Laird may refer to:
* Rob Laird (ice hockey) (born 1954), ice hockey player
* Rob Laird (Drive), a character in Drive
# 4043 aluminium alloy

4043 aluminium alloy is a wrought aluminium alloy with good corrosion resistance typically used as filler material for welding of aluminium parts. It contains high amounts of silicon (between 4.5 and 6%) and trace amounts of other metals. It is grey in appearance and is sold as either welding wire or welding rod for TIG/MIG processes.

## Chemical composition

Aluminium is the remainder.
| Element | Percentage (%) |
| Silicon (Si) | 4.5-6.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.80 |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.30 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.05 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.05 |
| Zinc (Zn) | 0.10 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.20 |
| Beryllium (Be) | 0.0003 |
# Sawabantu languages

Sawabantu languages are a group of Bantu languages comprising most of zones A.20 and A.30 of Guthrie's classification, and most likely also part of zone A.10. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the A.20 and A.30 languages apart from Bubi form a valid node. The most important of these languages is Duala, which is a vehicular language.

## Etymology

The name Sawabantu is made up of two words: sawa, which means "coast" in Duala, and Bantu. The name was proposed in 1989 by the Cameroonian linguist Carl Ebobissé.

## Languages

Besides the A.20 and A.30 languages, the Oroko dialect cluster of A.10 seems to be clearly connected to the Sawabantu group:
    (A.10) Oroko; (A.20) Kpwe (Mokpwe, Bakweri)–Mboko (Bomboko, Wumboko)–Kole (Bakole), Duala (incl. Mungo dialect), Su (Isuwu), Limba (Malimba); (A.30) Tanga (Batanga), Yasa–Kombe, Benga
The A.20 languages are spoken around the Wouri estuary and in the anglophone region around Mount Cameroon. The A.30 languages are spoken along the Atlantic coast of southern Cameroon down to northern Gabon. These two geographic groups are clearly related; for example, Limba (Malimba, A.26) report some degree of mutual intelligibility with Tanga (Batanga, A.32), which they call "Old Malimba". Oroko is spoken in Ndian and Meme departments in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Oroko appears to be particularly close to Kpwe (A.22), with which mutual intelligibility might be possible to some extent.
The Bube language of Bioko Island (not to be confused with Bubia or Wovea) included in A.30 on geographic grounds, has no particular affinities with the others.
Other A.10 languages apart from the Manenguba cluster (A.15 excluding Bafaw-Balong) may also belong, but this is uncertain as they are poorly documented. They are:
    Bonkeng and Bafaw-Balong, Nkongho
A survey is needed to determine whether these are genetically related to Sawabantu.

## Situation

Duala is the vehicular language of the Sawa, spoken and understood throughout the coastal region, even by non-Sawabantu native speakers such as the Basaa of Douala, the Bakoko, the Bankon, and the Manenguba.
# Robert Fountain (mental calculator)

Robert Fountain (born in 1969) is a British mental calculator. He won the first Mental Calculation World Cup in 2004 and the second Mental Calculation World Cup in 2006. In 1999 he was recognised by the Mind Sports Organisation as the first Grandmaster of Mental Calculation. Fountain was inspired to take up mental calculation as a hobby at the age of 11 after seeing Wim Klein performing on television. He is co-author of The Mental Calculator's Handbook.
# Sanja Papić

Sanja Papić (Serbian Cyrillic: Сања Папић, born 25 June 1984 in Novi Sad, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian supermodel and beauty pageant titleholder who represented Serbia and Montenegro at Miss Universe 2003 where she placed 3rd Runner-Up and Miss Europe 2003 where she placed 2nd Runner-Up. Sanja is the most successful Miss Yugoslavia in history of beauty pageants.

## Professional career

In September 2003, Papić finished as a runner-up at the Miss Europe contest in Paris. In November, she left for New York in the company of Roberto Cavalli as his muse. She had been Omega Watches Ambassador (alongside Michael Schumacher, Anna Kournikova and Cindy Crawford), following a contract between Omega and Sanja signed in August 2003. She was also the face for the "Ice Tea" commercials of the Apatin Brewery in her homeland. She was also involved with Winsenia Cream.
Her most memorable professional moment to date came when she represented Serbia and Montenegro at the Miss Universe 2003 pageant in Panama, finishing in fourth place. Today, Sanja is the promotional face of "Zlatibor voda" (Serbia) and she works as a Public Relations Manager for Megatrend University. She worked and walked the runways and fashion shows for the best Serbian fashion designers in Serbia in the last 15 years.

## Sources

* Interview in English, 2004 (includes images)
https://zadovoljna.nova.rs/poznati/razvojni-put-sanje-papic-od-misice-s-megatrenda-preko-tragicnog-braka-do-maldiva/
https://www.nportal.rs/vest/9682/zena/vesti/manekenka-sanja-papic-ubistvo-supruga
# Richard Pennefather

Richard Pennefather may refer to:
* Richard Pennefather (Cashel MP, died 1777), Irish MP for Cashel
* Richard Pennefather (Cashel MP, died 1831), Irish MP for Cashel
* Richard Pennefather (judge) (1772–1859), Irish judge
* Richard Pennefather (civil servant, born 1806) (1806–1849), Under-Secretary for Ireland
* Richard Pennefather (colonial administrator) (c. 1828–1865), British colonial administrator in Canada and Ceylon
* Sir Richard Pennefather (civil servant) (1845–1918), Receiver of the Metropolitan Police
* Richard Pennefather (Australian politician) (1851–1914), lawyer and politician in Western Australia
# Swan Hotel, Bradford-on-Avon

The Swan Hotel is a Grade II* listed hotel in Church Street, Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, England. It is of uncertain age but probably dates from the seventeenth century.
# Ross County, Queensland

Ross County, Queensland is a cadastral division of Queensland and a county of remote western Queensland.
The county is divided into civil parishes. The county came into existence on 8 March 1901, when the Governor of Queensland issued a proclamation legally dividing Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897.
Like all counties in Queensland, it is a non-functional administrative unit, that is used mainly for the purpose of registering land titles. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.
The county dates from the 8th March 1901, when the Governor of Queensland issued a proclamation legally dividing all of Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897.
# Regional League Bangkok & Eastern Division

Regional League Bangkok & Eastern Division is the 3rd Level League in Thailand. It was formed in 2016 along with another region, making it 8 regions/leagues at the same level. The winner and runner-up of each regional league enter the Regional League Championships to determine the three teams that will receive promotion to the Thai Division 1 League.

## League history

Formed in 2016, with 11 clubs.

## Timeline

| Year | Important Events | Participating Clubs |
| 2016 | 1st ever Regional League Bangkok & Eastern starts. | 11 |

## Championship history

| Season | Winner | Runner Up | Third Place |
| 2016 | Raj Pracha | Customs United | Banbueng United |

## Member clubs

| Club | Province | Years |
| Ban Bueng United | Chonburi | 2016 |
| Customs United | Bangkok | 2016 |
| Inter Pattaya | Chonburi | 2016 |
| Kasem Bundit University | Bangkok | 2016 |
| Look Isan | Bangkok | 2016 |
| Pattaya | Chonburi | 2016 |
| Pathum Thani United | Pathum Thani | 2016 |
| Raj Pracha | Bangkok | 2016 |
| Royal Thai Fleet | Chonburi | 2016 |
| Samut Prakan United | Samut Prakan | 2016 |
| Sinthana Kabinburi | Prachinburi | 2016 |
# Rabee

Rabee may refer to:
* Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee (died 634), son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
* Rabee Allafi, Libyan footballer
* Rabee Al-Mousa (born 1984), Saudi Arabian professional footballer
* Sa'ad ibn Al-Rabee, sahaba (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
* Rabee Ataya (born 1989), Lebanese professional footballer
* Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari (died 983), Persian physician, author of the Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb
* Rabee Jaber (born 1972), Lebanese novelist and journalist, born in Beirut, Lebanon
* Ahmed Rabee (born 1995), Emirati footballer
* Ismail Rabee (born 1983), Emirati footballer
* Mohammed Rabee (born 1982), Saudi football player
* Rabee al-Madkhali, former head of the Sunnah Studies Department at the Islamic University of Madinah
* Younis Abdallah Rabee, (born 1948), Kuwaiti sprinter
* Ahmed Rabee El Sheikh (born 1993), Egyptian professional footballer
* Rabee Sufyani (born 1987), Saudi football player
# Robertson Fork, Tennessee

Robertson Fork is an unincorporated community in Marshall County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

## History

A post office called Beside post office, the community had a country store.
# Pyre (disambiguation)

A pyre is a structure used to burn a body as part of a funeral rite or execution.
Pyre or pyres may also refer to:
* Pyre (character), a Marvel Comics character
* Pyre (video game), a 2017 action role-playing video game
* Children of the Pyre, a 2008 documentary film
* Eternal Pyre, a 2006 EP by Slayer
* "Funeral Pyre", a 1981 single by The Jam
* The Funeral Pyre, a Death Metal band
* Pyre (novel), the English translation of Pookuzzhi, a 2013 novel by Perumal Murugan
# Richland Township, Story County, Iowa

Richland Township is a township in Story County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 403.

## Geography

Richland Township covers an area of 36.3 square miles (94 km$^2$) and contains the unincorporated village of Fernald. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery: the Murphy Cemetery.
County Road S27 runs north and south through the township and County Road E29 runs east–west.
# Susan Rankin

Susan Kathleen Rankin, FBA, FSA, is an English musicologist. Since 2006, she has been a professor of medieval music at the University of Cambridge; she has also been a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, since 1981 (having previously been a research fellow there for three years).

## Life and career

Rankin completed her undergraduate degree at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1975, and then graduated from King's College London with a Master of Music degree the following year; in 1982, she was awarded a doctorate by the University of Cambridge. From 1981 to 1984, she was a Research Fellow at Emmanuel College before becoming a Fellow. In 1990, Rankin was appointed an assistant lecturer in Medieval Music at Cambridge; she was promoted three years later to lecturer, and then to reader in 1999. Since 2013, she has also been Chair of the Henry Bradshaw Society. According to her British Academy profile, her research relates to "Western medieval music and its transmission and notation from the origins to the thirteenth century and the development of the Latin liturgy, with an especial focus on ritual".

## Honours

Rankin was awarded the Dent Medal by the Royal Musical Association in 1995. In 2006, she was elected to the fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA), and in 2009 was also elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. In 2021-2022 she held the Lyell Readership in Bibliography.

## Selected works

* The Music of the Medieval Liturgical Drama in France and England, 2 vols (Garland, 1989)
* Rankin, Susan (1991). "The Earliest Sources of Notker's Sequences: St Gallen, Vadiana 317, and Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat. 10587". Early Music History. 10: 201–233. doi:10.1017/S0261127900001133. JSTOR 942454. S2CID 193196394.
* (Co-edited with D. Hiley) Music in the Medieval English Liturgy: Plainsong and Medieval Music Society Centennial Essays (Oxford University Press, 1993)
* (Co-edited with W. Arlt) Stiftsbibliothek St Gallen Codices 484 & 381, 3 vols (Amadeus, 1996)
* The Winchester Troper: Introduction and Facsimile, Early English Church Music series, no. 50 (Stainer and Bell, 2007)
# Plantae Asiaticae Rariores

Plantae Asiaticae Rariores is a horticultural work (alternative title Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants) published in 1830–1832 by the Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich.
Plantae Asiaticae Rariores was published in London, Paris and Strassburg between 1829 and 1832 and consisted of 3 volumes bound from the 12 original parts in folio size (21½ × 14½ inches) with 294 hand-coloured plates lithographed by Maxim Gauci. Wallich went on extended leave in 1828 to supervise the printing and hand-colouring of the illustrations in England. Foremost of the watercolour artists who executed the original paintings were two Indian artists, Vishnupersaud, responsible for 114 plates and Gorachand for 87. Vishnupersaud (occasionally referred to as Vishnu Prasad) was an Indian artist frequently employed by naturalists working in India, such as John Forbes Royle and Francis Buchanan-Hamilton. Vishnupersaud's skill was legendary and Wilfrid Blunt included one of his watercolours in his book The Art of Botanical Illustration as displaying great craftsmanship. The remaining plates were done by Charles M. Curtis (7), William Griffith (3), Sarah Drake, and various others. A double-page engraved map of India created by John Arrowsmith, showed the routes followed by various botanists. A noteworthy point is that plate number 6 is an engraving by H. Weddell, and not a lithograph.
Plantae Asiaticae was seen to follow naturally on William Roxburgh's Plants of the coast of Coromandel (London: 1795–1820) and was sponsored by the East India Company who subscribed to 40 copies. The 12 parts were sold at £2 10s each, between September 1829 and August 1832.
Wallich writes in the introduction, "The present Work consists of a selection of plants made chiefly from a series of 1200 drawings, executed under my direction by Native Artists." He goes on to praise the work of the lithographer Maxim Gauci and the colourist John Clark: "For both of these worthy men and admirable artists I beg to express my sincere respect."

## Gallery of plates

* Jackiopsis ornata
* Saurauia nepalensis
* Osbeckia angustifolia
* Osbeckia ternifolia
* Dillenia aurea
* Curcuma parviflora
* Epipremnum pinnatum
* Kaempferia candida
* Kaempferia elegans
* Maranta ramosissima
* Roscoea_capitata
* Roscoea purpurata purpurata
* Zingiber barbatum
# Relative gain (international relations)

Relative gain, in international relations, is the actions of states only in respect to power balances and without regard to other factors, such as economics. In international relations, cooperation may be necessary to balance power, but concerns about relative gains will limit that cooperation due to the low quality of information about other states' behavior and interests. Such relative-gains concerns, however, may sometimes be mitigated by individual social preferences.
Relative gain is related to zero-sum game, which states that wealth cannot be expanded and the only way a state can become richer is to take wealth from another state. It differs from absolute gain, which is the total effect of a decision on the state or organization, regardless of gains made by others.
# Air rail

Air rail, Air-rail or AirRail may refer to:
* Airport rail link, a type of rail service providing passenger rail transport from an airport to a nearby city or region
* Air-rail alliance, a type of alliance between airlines and railway operating companies
* Air-Rail Link, an automated people mover linking Birmingham Airport and Birmingham International railway station in the UK
* RailAir, a name used by a number of bus and coach services designed to connect the rail network to airports in the UK
# 23rd Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup

Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 2000–01 is the 23rd staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong. First initialised by D. Jones and one K. Patel, the Pearson organization proudly backed the process. Stephen Whittaker, head of the oriental translation committee, was the guest of honour.
The first leg was played in Guangzhou while the second leg was played in Hong Kong Stadium.
Hong Kong won the champion again by winning an aggregate 3–2. Well done to Gary Luk and his winning team, who were given a prize the equivalent of $500 each for their efforts.

## Squads
### Hong Kong

Some of the players in the squad include:
* Viktor Derbunov 德普洛夫
* Gerard Ambassa Guy 卓卓
* Dejan Antonić 迪恩
* Cristiano Preigchadt Cordeiro 高尼路
* Yau Kin Wai 丘建威
* Luk Koon Pong 陸冠邦
* Leandro Simioni 李安度
* Ailton Grigorio de Araujo 亞拉烏蘇
* Gerardo Laterza 謝利
* Paul Michael Ritchie 布列治
* Rochi Putiray 佩迪里
* Gary Mckeown 麥基昂
* Cornelius Udebuluzor 哥連斯
* Andrew Robert Roodie 洛迪

### Guangdong
## Trivia

* Gerardo Laterza scored both in last and this seasons' matches.

## Results

First Leg
Second Leg
# Riverboat Discovery

The Riverboat Discovery is a tour company in Fairbanks, Alaska, which operates sternwheel riverboats on the Chena and Tanana rivers.

## History

The Riverboat Discovery business was founded in 1950 by Jim and Mary Binkley. The Binkleys were approached in 1950 by Alaska tourism entrepreneur Chuck West, who expressed interest in a local river tour in Fairbanks, Alaska, and asked if they could provide such a service. Mary and Jim initially operated a small converted missionary boat, the Godspeed, on tours of the rivers near Fairbanks.
The company's first sternwheeler, Discovery I, was built by Jim Binkley in his backyard in 1955 to accommodate more passengers. Later, more riverboats were added to the Discovery fleet; Discovery II was converted from a freighting steamboat in 1971, and Discovery III was built in 1987 at the Nichols Brothers Boat Builders shipyard on Whidbey Island near Seattle, Washington.

## Timeline

1898: Charles M. Binkley comes to Alaska during the Gold Rush, builds boats on the Yukon River.
1940: Jim Binkley goes to work as a deckhand on the Idler, a 62-foot sternwheel riverboat.
1942-1945: Jim Binkley is employed by the Army running freighting riverboats on Alaska's rivers.
1950: Jim and Mary Binkley start a tour business on the Chena and Tanana rivers using the Godspeed, a converted missionary boat.
1955: Jim Binkley builds the Discovery I in his Fairbanks backyard; Discovery Igoes into immediate passenger service.
1956-1960: The Discovery I is renovated during the winter months to accommodate more passengers.
1971: The Discovery II is built on the hull of the freighter Yutana. Discovery II takes over as the Riverboat Discovery's primary tour vessel.
1986-1987: The Discovery III is built in Whidbey Island, Washington. Discovery III goes into passenger service on July 4, 1987, taking over from Discovery II as the company's primary tour vessel.
2000: The Discovery II resumes passenger service after being mothballed for approximately 10 years for renovations.
2004: The Discovery I resumes light-duty operation as a vessel for special tours and charters.

## Present-day operations

As of 2022, all three Discovery sternwheelers are still in operation. The Riverboat Discovery operates daily tours and occasional charters with the sternwheelers from mid-May until mid-September. In addition to the sternwheelers, the company also operates a sizeable gift shop and dining hall at the landing from which the boats depart.

## Current fleet

| Ship | Began Service | Tonnage | Length | Passenger Capacity | Passenger Decks |
| Discovery I | 1955 | 34 tons | 65 feet | 150 | 2 |
| Discovery II | 1971 | 180 tons | 116 feet | 400 | 3 |
| Discovery III | 1987 | 280 tons | 156 feet | 900 | 4 |
# Pyrota concinna

Pyrota concinna is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America.