OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kofa Mountains

The Kofa Mountains (Yavapai: Wi:kasayeo) of Yuma and La Paz counties in Arizona is the central mountain range of the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge. The range lies about 60 miles northeast of Yuma in the southwestern part of the state. Kofa Wilderness takes up 547,719 acres of the refuge, making it the second largest wilderness area in Arizona. The equally extensive Castle Dome Mountains comprise the southern refuge border; the western end of the Tank Mountains are in the southeast of the wildlife refuge, and the New Water Wilderness in the New Water Mountains ends the extension of the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge to the north. Scenic "King Valley" is south of the Kofa Mountains between the Castle Dome Mountains.
These mountains are home to a number of endemic or rare species including the Kofa Mountain Barberry Berberis harrisoniana. In addition, it contains the only native California fan palms in the state of Arizona located high up in Palm Canyon. These are relicts of the ice age when the range of California fan palms was much larger than its isolated groves today.
The Kofa Mountains are a northwest-southeast range with an extension northwards meeting the New Water Mountains. There are three major peaks in the high region: two in the west: Signal Peak at 4,877 feet (1,487 m) and Squaw Peak at 4,416 feet (1,346 m), and Polaris Mountain at 3,624 feet (1,105 m) in the south.
The closest community to the Kofa Mountains is Quartzsite, 30 miles northwest on Interstate 10. Access roads to the range depart a north-south stretch of US 95, five miles to the west. There are a number of winter homes in King Valley.
The wildlife refuge and the Kofa Mountains are arid and rugged volcanic remnant mountains of Tertiary age. They are home to one of the larger Desert Bighorn Sheep ranges. The wildlife refuge and the mountains are some of the hottest areas in the southwest Sonoran Desert.

## Origin of name

The Kofa Mountains are named for the rich King of Arizona gold mine, discovered in King Valley in 1896. The mine used to stamp its property "K of A" and is commonly known as the Kofa Mine. The old mine and its surroundings are private property. The Kofa, Arizona post office was established June 5, 1900 and was discontinued August 27, 1928. Some of the old buildings are still in use as winter homes.

## Gallery

* Berberis harrisoniana, the Kofa Mountain Barberry
* Berberis harrisoniana
* Prickly pear blossoms
* The desert in bloom
* Kofa Mountains
# Sedley (surname)

Sedley is a surname, and may refer to:
* Amelia Sedley, fictional character from the novel Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray
* Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester (1657–1717), mistress of King James II
* Sir Charles Sedley, 2nd Baronet (1721–1778), British politician
* Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet (1639–1701), English wit, dramatist and politician, and Speaker of the House of Commons
* David Sedley (born 1947), the seventh Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy at Cambridge University
* Kate Sedley, the pen-name of Brenda Margaret Lilian Honeyman Clarke (1926–2022), English historical novelist
* Stephen Sedley, (born 1939), (The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Sedley), a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales
* William Sedley, High Sheriff of Kent in 1547
# Poet Laureate of Michigan

This is a list of Poets Laureate of Michigan.
| Poet Laureate | Term | Notes |
| Edgar A. Guest | 1952–1959 | First Poet Laureate |
| Nandi Comer | 2023–present | |
# Proterogyrinus

Proterogyrinus is an extinct genus of early tetrapods from the order Embolomeri. Fossil remains of Proterogyrinus have been found in Scotland, UK, and West Virginia, United States, and date back to the Serpukhovian (mid-Carboniferous period), which is from about 331 to 323 million years ago. The genus was originally named by renowned vertebrate paleontologist Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1970. A comprehensive redescription was later published by Canadian paleontologist Robert Holmes in 1984. The generic name "Proterogyrinus" is Greek for "earlier wanderer" or "earlier tadpole". This name was chosen by Romer in keeping with a trend of naming long-bodied early tetrapods (such as Eogyrinus and Crassigyrinus) with the suffix "-gyrinus".
Romer hesitated from designating Proterogyrinus as a true embolomere, because its intercentra (the forward portion of each vertebra) were smaller than its pleurocentra (the rear portion). He used the group Anthracosauria to encompass embolomeres and their close relatives such as Proterogyrinus. However, other sources prefer a wider definition of Embolomeri similar in usage to Romer's Anthracosauria, thus counting Proterogyrinus as an embolomere.

## Description

In most respects Proterogyrinus resembled other embolomeres such as Archeria, with a moderately elongated skull that was taller than that of other early tetrapods such as colosteids and temnospondyls. Members of the genus had strong limbs with several fully-ossified ankle and wrist bones. This would have given Proterogyrinus the ability to walk and hunt on land. However, the presence of lateral line grooves and otic notches which likely held spiracles show that they were probably more well-adapted for the water. The tail was long and tall, and was likely a powerful method of locomotion. The eyes were positioned high on the skull, supporting the idea that Proterogyrinus had an active lifestyle near the surface of the water.
# Kofan

Kofan may refer to:
* Kofan, Mali, a rural commune in Mali
* Kofan people, or Cofan, an ethnic group of Ecuador and Colombia
* Kofan language, or Cofan, a language of Ecuador and Colombia
# Vahap

Vahap is a Turkish given name for males. Notable people with the name include:
* Vahap Işık (born 1982), Turkish footballer
* Vahap Özaltay (1908–1965), Turkish footballer and coach
* Vahap Şanal (born 1998), Turkish chess grandmaster
# List of foreign players in Serbia

The List of foreign players in Serbia may refer to:
* List of foreign basketball players in Serbia
* List of foreign football players in Serbia
# Joe Reader

Josiah "Joe" Reader (27 February 1866 – 8 March 1954) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He spent his entire professional career with West Bromwich Albion and served the club as a player, coach and steward for a total of 65 years. He made one appearance for England in a 2–2 draw against Ireland on 3 March 1894.

## Biography

Reader was born in West Bromwich, where he attended Beeches Road School and St Phillips School. He joined West Bromwich Albion as an amateur in January 1885 and turned professional in August of the same year. Reader made his league debut in October 1889 in a Division One match away to Aston Villa. He won an FA Cup winners medal with Albion when they beat Villa 3–0 in the 1892 final. In 1894 he won his only England cap, in a 2–2 draw with Ireland in Belfast. He helped Albion reach the FA Cup Final once more in 1895, but this time was on the losing side as Aston Villa won 1–0. Following Albion's move to The Hawthorns in 1900, Reader became the only player to have represented the club in a competitive match at three different grounds, namely Four Acres, Stoney Lane and The Hawthorns. After 370 senior appearances for Albion, Reader retired from playing football due to illness in April 1901. He then took up the role of trainer-coach at the club, and later became a ground steward at The Hawthorns until 1950. He died in West Bromwich in March 1954, aged 88.
# Joe Abraham

Joseph Conrad Abraham, is an American-born comic book illustrator and actor. He is best known for his work as the artist on the comic, Hero Squared published by Boom! Studios. He has also worked on comics in the Warhammer 40,000 and Cthulhu universes. His work has been acclaimed by comic book writer Keith Giffen, who compared his art on Hero Squared to the work of Kevin Maguire and Adam Hughes.
# College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang

College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) is a sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore located at Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan.
The college was established in 2006 as an initiative for veterinary education under special consideration of Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Khalid Maqbool (then Governor of the Punjab and Chancellor, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore). The founder Principal of the college was Prof. Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, who was a renowned Veterinary Pathologist. The current principal is Prof. Dr. Muhammad Fiaz Qamar.
The college comprises five major departments offering a five-year DVM degree program. The new campus of CVAS, scattered over 100 acres (0.40 km$^2$) in two blocks, Academics Block and Clinical Veterinary Hospital at a site located 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang near Chenab College, Jhang. The academic, research and supporting services blocks, dairy and poultry farms, processing units for milk, meat and feed, Clinical Centrum for all species, libraries, auditorium, sports facilities and residences are all under development.

## Recognition

The Degree programs are accredited by the Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (PVMC). Students from this campus participate in world veterinary day.

## Departments

* Department of Pathobiology (Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology)
* Department of Basic Sciences (Anatomy & Histology, Physiology & Biochemistry and Pharmacology & Toxicology)
* Department of Animal Sciences (Livestock Production, Poultry Production, Animal Nutrition, Animal Breeding & Genetics)
* Department of Clinical Sciences (Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Surgery, Theriogenology and Epidemiology & Public Health)
* Department of Social Sciences (Computer Science, Math & Statistics, Islamic Studies, Pakistan Studies, Economics, English and Continuing Education & Extension)
The college offers 5-year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) and 4-year BS Honors programs in Applied Microbiology and Poultry Sciences. Postgraduate programs are offered in 10 disciplines.
# College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy

College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences is a veterinary college located at Mannuthy, Thrissur city of the Indian state of Kerala. The college is part of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

## History

The college came into existence in 1955 as Government Veterinary College. Initially, the college was affiliated to Kerala University. It switched to Calicut University in 1966. It was later renamed Kerala Veterinary College and Research Institute. When Kerala Agricultural University was formed in February 1972, the college was transferred to it and was renamed the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.
On 12 June 2010 a new university exclusively for veterinary science was created by ordinance on the campus of the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, near Vythiri, in Wayanad district. According to the Ordinance, the proposed university would have the jurisdiction of the entire state.
The Mannuthy Veterinary College and its 400 acres of campus, the Pookode Veterinary College and its 90 acres of campus, the veterinary clinical complex of the Pookode Veterinary College, College of Dairy Science Technology, Mannuthy, Livestock Research Station in Palakkad and its 400 acres of campus, dairy farm at Kolahalamedu in Idukki, various farms in Mannuthy, the cattle infertility centre in Kozhikode and the Veterinary Hospital in Thrissur, cattle breeding farm at Thumboormuzhy, is handed over to the university. The Government of Kerala established India's first exclusive hospital for elephants there.

## Academic Courses Offered

* UG Courses
* PG Courses
* Doctorate Courses
* PG Certificate Courses
* PG Diploma Courses
* Diploma
* Technology Enabled Distance Learning
* Externship
# College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand

College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand is a college for the study of veterinary medicine in Anand, Gujarat, in india.

## History

The college was established on 16 August 1964 by the government of Gujarat, becoming a part of Gujarat Agriculture University in 1974. Now, it is a constituent college of Anand Agricultural university.

## Campus

The campus is spread over 63 acres of land with 18 departments, four research stations, a molecular genetics laboratory, a veterinary hospital, an instructional farm, a library, and indoor and outdoor sports facilities.

## Co-curricular activities

* Student's Representative Council
* Rotaract Club
* Nature Club
* NCC
* NSS

## Other activities

* Clinical and infertility camps
* Ambulatory health services
* Diagnostic services
* Refresher/short-term courses for veterinary officers
* Seminars on livestock health and production

## Student counselling

Candidates are called for counselling by the Admission Committee and also for verification of physical fitness, original mark sheet, certificates etc. before admission and registration. The candidates have to produce a medical certificate of physical fitness in the form prescribed by the Universities from a Registered Medical Officer.

## Departments

* Livestock Products Technology
* Department of Animal Biotechnology
* Veterinary Anatomy
* Animal Physiology
* Animal Bio Chemistry & Bio Technology
* Veterinary Microbiology
* Livestock Production & Management
* Animal Genetics & Breeding
* Veterinary Parasitology
* Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
* Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics
* Veterinary Pathology
* Veterinary Medicine
* Veterinary Pharmacology
* Reproductive Biology Research
* Poultry Science
* Animal Nutrition
* Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex
* Veterinary Public Health
* Livestock Research Station
AAVCA is the name of the Alumni Association of Veterinary College Anand.
# Colin Browne

Colin Browne is a Canadian writer, documentary filmmaker and academic. He is most noted for his documentary film White Lake, which was a Genie Award nominee for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990, and his poetry collection Ground Water, which was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for English-language poetry at the 2002 Governor General's Awards.
A longtime professor of film at Simon Fraser University, he launched the PRAXIS workshop for aspiring screenwriters and has been active in efforts to preserve and archive old and rare British Columbia films.
His other films as a documentarian have included Strathyre (1979), A Visit from Captain Cook (1980), Hoppy: A Portrait of Elisabeth Hopkins (1984), The Image Before Us (1986), Father and Son (1992) and Linton Garner: I Never Said Goodbye (2003). As a poet, he has also been a two-time nominee for the Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize, receiving nods in 2003 for Ground Water and in 2013 for The Properties, and a ReLit Award nominee in 2008 for The Shovel.
# Kjellaug Nordsjö

Astrid Kjellaug Nordsjö (November 14, 1926 – March 31, 2021) was a Swedish-Norwegian artist. Nordsjö is considered one of the Nordic countries' foremost icon painters. She is represented in the Saint Catherine's Monastery in Egypt, in churches in Rome, London and New York City, but most of her artistic work is found in churches and chapels along with private collections in Norway and Sweden.
Kjellaug Nordsjö was born in 1926 in Vestfossen, Norway, to a farming family with five daughters, where she was the oldest. The farm where the family lived was occupied during the German occupation of Norway during World War II by German soldiers. After the war, Nordsjö began studying at an art school in Oslo, where she was accommodated by acquaintances of her family. Later she was employed at the Norwegian Seamen's Church in Rotterdam, and at the same time she could continue studying at a local art school there. In Rotterdam. she came in contact with icons and icon painting. Back home in Vestfossen, she married the local parish minister Per Nordsjö. The couple soon moved to Sweden where the shortage of ministers in the Diocese of Karlstad was the reason why Norwegian ministers with families were attracted there. One of them was the Nordsjö family, who settled near the Norwegian border in Bogen's vicarage in northern Gunnarskog. Besides her duties in the vicarage, she did some artistic work, mainly batik and painting.
When her husband retired and the family moved to Arvika, her artistic activity increased. Her husband took care of the household and finally Nordsjö was able to devote herself to icon painting full time. In 1982-1987, she participated in art courses in Paris for the icon painter Robert de Caluwé. She also worked with icon painters Erland Forsberg, Gothenburg, and George Drobot, Paris. Kjellaug Nordsjö painted almost 3,000 icons ranging from the small format to big pictures. She died at the age of 94 in 2021 in Arvika, Sweden.
# Valeriu Chițan

Valeriu Chițan (born 1 June 1955) is a Moldovan economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Finance of Moldova from 1994 until 1998.
# Knife Edge
## Arts

Knife Edge, Knife-edge, or Knife's Edge may refer to:
* Knife Edge (film), a 2009 British thriller about gaslighting
* "Knife-Edge" (Emerson, Lake & Palmer song)
* Knife Edge: Nose Gunner, a video game
* Young Sherlock Holmes: Knife Edge, a 2003 book in the Young Sherlock Holmes book series
* Standing Figure: Knife Edge, a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore
* Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65, an abstract bronze sculpture by Henry Moore
* Knife Edge, a 2004 novel in the Noughts & Crosses novel series
* "Knife Edge", a song by The Alarm from Strength

## Places

* Knife's Edge, a bridge in the Zambezi River near Victoria Falls in Zambia
* Knife Edge, a hiking trail on Mount Katahdin, ME, US

## Others

* Knife-edge effect, a redirecting of radiation from striking an obstacle
* Knife-edge flight, a radio controlled aerobatic maneuver
* Knife-edge scanning microscope
* On a Knife Edge (documentary), a 2017 film about Native Americans
* Knife-edge measurement in statistics
# Colobothea bicuspidata

Colobothea bicuspidata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pierre André Latreille in 1811. It is known from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and French Guiana.
# Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso

Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso (May 26, 1760 – June 9, 1826) was a German historian and philologist.
Manso was born in Zella-Mehlis, and studied in Jena. He taught at the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha from 1785, and in 1790 moved to the Magdaleneum in Breslau, where he was first prorector and then from 1793 rector. He died in Breslau in 1826.
He is also remembered today for a dispute with Friedrich Schiller. Writing in the journal Neue Bibliothek der schönen Wissenschaften und der freyen Künste, Manso criticized Schiller's writing for obscurantism, for the way he adopted Kantian terminology for his arguments, and for his idealization of Ancient Greece. Manso's own writing was in turn mocked by Schiller, writing together with Goethe, in their Xenien.

## Works

Historical:
* Sparta, ein Versuch zur Aufklärung der Geschichte und Verfassung dieses Staats (Leipzig, 1800–1805, 3 vols.)
* Leben Konstantins des Großen (Breslau, 1817)
* Geschichte des preußischen Staats seit dem Hubertsburger Frieden (Frankfurt, 1819–1820, 3 vols.; 2nd ed. 1835)
* Geschichte des ostgotischen Reichs in Italien (Breslau, 1824)
Philological:
* An edition of Meleager (Gotha, 1789)
* An edition of Bion and Moschus with a German translation (Gotha, 1784; 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1807)
Miscellaneous writings:
* Vermischte Schriften (Gotha, 1801, 2 vols.)
* Vermischte Abhandlungen (Breslau, 1821)
# Vardablur

Vardablur or Vartablur or Verdablur may refer to:
* Vardablur, Aragatsotn, Armenia
* Vardablur, Lori, Armenia
# Johann Friedrich Gleditsch

Johann Friedrich Gleditsch (15 August 1653 – 26 March 1716) was a major book publisher in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

## Early career

Gleditsch was born in Eschendorf, near Pirna, on 15 August 1653, son of pastor Georg Gleditsch (1615–65) and his wife Catherine (née Nikolai, 1624–1671). After his father died when he was young, he attended the Thomas School in Leipzig. For financial reasons, he began to work for Elert Schumacher, a bookseller in Wittenberg, working as an assistant there until 1680. In 1681 he joined the publishing business of the late John Frederick Fritsch, whose widow Catarina Margaretha he married in November 1681. In the following years he developed the already prestigious company into a prominent scientific publisher, famous mainly for the publication in Leipzig of the Acta Eruditorum. He brought out the first issue of this work in cooperation with the great Erben publishing house in 1682.

## Independent publisher

At the end of 1693 Gledistch handed the business over to his stepson, Thomas Fritsch, and founded his own publishing bookshop. Within a few years this enterprise became important as well, excelling in lavish publications. These included the main history of the Reformation, Seckendorff's Commentarius de Lutheranismo, Ziegler's Schauplatz und Labyrinth, Lohenstein's Arminius and the major biblical and theological works of Johann Tarnow (Tarnovius), Salomo Glassius, Benedikt Carpzov der Jüngere and Valerius Herberger.
Gledistch and his brother Johann Ludwig, stepfather of Moritz Georg Weidmann, persuaded the leading Dutch booksellers to send their works to the Leipzig fair instead of to Frankfurt, a major breakthrough for the book trade in the city. In addition to the great authors, Gleditsch achieved success in the two key growth sectors of the book market of the early 18th Century: encyclopedias and journals. He published John Huebner's Reale Staats-und Zeitungs-Lexicon (States and places lexicon) (1704), which with a supplementary volume published in 1712 became the indispensable reference when reading to the newspapers. It allowed people to look up places and countries that were named without explanation in the papers, as was the convention of the day.
From the encyclopedias of Gottlieb Siegmund Corvinus (alias Amaranthe), he compiled the Woman's Lexicon (1715). Among the journals he published Acta Eruditorum in Latin, supplemented in 1712 by the German Acta Eruditorum, from which the leading review of historical writings developed. Gleditsch's companies created their synergy effects. Books published by the Gledisch were often discussed and promoted by his journals.
Gleditsch died, aged 62, in Leipzig.
# Vangueria schliebenii

Vangueria schliebenii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania.
# Vangueria induta

Vangueria induta is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Kenya and northern Tanzania.
# Koiak 14

Koiak 13 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 15
The fourteenth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 10, of the Julian calendar, and December 23 of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The martyrdom of Saint Ammonius, the Bishop of Esna
* The martyrdom of Saint Behnam and Saint Sarah, his sister
* The martyrdom of Saints Simeon of Menouf, Abba Hor, and Abba Mina the Elder
* The departure of Pope Christodoulos, the sixty-sixth Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
* The departure of Saint Christodoulos the Anchorite
# Vanport

Vanport may refer to:

## Locations

* Vanport, Oregon
* Vanport Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
# Vanport Mosaic Festival

Vanport Mosaic Festival is an annual summer festival begun in 2016 commemorating the history of Vanport, Oregon's then second-largest city, which was destroyed by the 1948 Columbia River flood, and the Fair Housing Act. It is described by its organizers as an act of "memory activism".