OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victoria Memorial Fountain, Malacca

The Victoria Memorial Fountain is situated in Dutch Square, Jalan Gereja, Malacca City, Malaysia. It was erected as a memorial to the late Queen Victoria.

## History

In 1902, the committee of the Victoria Memorial Fund in Singapore invited Malacca to participate in its proposal to erect a new town hall in Singapore as a memorial to Queen Victoria who died on 22 January 1901.
In response, a meeting was held in Malacca of leading Chinese businessmen on the invitation of Towkay Li Keng Liat, and instead it was decided to erect their own memorial in Malacca. It was noted that the sum of $1,500 was already available for the purpose, and that it should take the form of a public fountain.
Public donations were invited led by the Resident Councillor, R. N. Bland, with the list of subscribers and the amounts provided published in the newspapers. Captain Garrard acted as secretary to the fund, and in total approximately $5,000 was collected.
Designs for the fountain were called for locally but none were approved, and Doulton and Sons of London were invited to submit a design which was subsequently accepted with minor alterations.
The fountain was sent out from London to Malacca in pieces, each numbered, with instructions on how to assemble it at the site, and the erection was carried out by a Mr. Lupton, Superintendent of Works and Surveys at the Public Works Department. The cost of the fountain was about $5,000.
The unveiling ceremony took place on 24 May 1905, Empire Day, led by R. N. Bland in front of a large crowd, and his wife turned on the water with a silver key. In his speech, Bland praised the efforts of Li Keng Liat, whose idea it was to erect the fountain, but who never saw it having died shortly before it was unveiled.

## Description

The fountain is constructed of glazed, earthenware bricks of greyish green and blue tints. Around the base are four images of the Queen in bas-relief. Above is a plaque which is inscribed with the words: 'Victoria Regina 1837-1901. Erected by the people of Malacca in memory of a great Queen in 1904'.
# Kular

Kular may refer to:

## Places

* Kular Range, a mountain range in Russia
* Kular, Firozpur, a village in Firozpur district, Punjab, India
* Kular, Jalandhar, a village in Jalandhar district, Punjab, India
* Kular, Bushehr, a village in Iran
* Kular (crater), a crater on Mars

## People

* Chaneil Kular (born 1999), British actor
* Balbir Singh Kular (born 1945), Indian field hockey player
* Jasjit Singh Kular (born 1989), Indian field hockey player
* Hardev Singh Kular (1930–2013), Kenyan field hockey player
* Jagjeet Singh Kular (1942–2017), Kenyan field hockey player
* Harvinder Singh Kular (born 1958), Kenyan field hockey player
* Kuldip Kular (born 1948), Indian-born Canadian politician
* Manjeet Kular, Indian actress
# John Fairfax (disambiguation)

John Fairfax (1804–1877) was an English-born Australian journalist.
John Fairfax may also refer to:
* John Fairfax (delegate) (1762–1843), manager for George Washington who became a planter and politician in what became West virginia
* John Fairfax (minister) (1623–1700), English ejected minister
* John Fairfax, 11th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1830–1900), British peer with American citizenship
* John Fairfax (poet) (1930–2009), English poet
* John Fairfax (rower) (1937–2012), British ocean rower and adventurer
# Connectivity

Connectivity may refer to:

## Computing and technology

* Connectivity (media), the ability of the social media to accumulate economic capital from the users connections and activities
* Internet connectivity, the means by which individual terminals, computers, mobile devices, and local area networks connect to the global Internet
* Pixel connectivity, the way in which pixels in 2-dimensional images relate to their neighbors.

## Mathematics

* Connectivity (graph theory), a property of a graph.
* The property of being a connected space in topology.
* Homotopical connectivity, a property related to the dimensions of holes in a topological space, and to its homotopy groups.
* Homological connectivity, a property related to the homology groups of a topological space.

## Biology
### Neurobiology

* Homotopic connectivity - connectivity between mirror areas of the human brain hemispheres.
* Brain connectivity
* Functional connectivity
* Dynamic functional connectivity

### Ecology

* Landscape connectivity, the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement among resource patches.
* Permeability (spatial and transport planning), the extent to which urban forms permit (or restrict) movement of people or vehicles in different directions.

## Physics

* Connectivity, a parameter describing the topology of a porous medium.
# Connectivity exchange

Connectivity exchange (CONEX): In an adaptive or manually operated high-frequency (HF) radio network, the automatic or manual exchange of information concerning routes to stations that are not directly reachable by the exchange originator.
The purpose of the exchange is to identify indirect paths and/or possible relay stations to those stations that are not directly reachable.
# Jefferson Township, Ohio

Jefferson Township, Ohio, may refer to:
* Jefferson Township, Adams County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Brown County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Clinton County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Coshocton County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Crawford County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Franklin County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Greene County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Guernsey County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Knox County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Logan County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Madison County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Mercer County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Muskingum County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Noble County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Preble County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Richland County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Ross County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Scioto County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio
* Jefferson Township, Williams County, Ohio
# Kräuterin

The Kräuterin is a karst massif with a size of 10 km by 12 km, located in the Ybbstal Alps, Austria. Its highest peak is the Hochstadl, at 1919 meters above sea level.
47°41′07″N 15°04′29″E﻿ / ﻿47.6853°N 15.0747°E﻿ / 47.6853; 15.0747
* This Austrian location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Reading Rockets (PLL)

The Reading Rockets were a professional indoor lacrosse team based in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. A charter member of the Professional Lacrosse League, they began play in the Fall of 2012. Home games were played at Sovereign Center.
# Ron Pettigrew Christian School

Ron Pettigrew Christian School (RPCS) was an accredited, K-12 Christian school in Dawson Creek, British Columbia. RPCS was affiliated with the ACSI, and uses BC curriculum. It was governed by a board elected by the Dawson Creek Community Christian Education Society. In 2019, the school closed permanently and ceased operations. In 2022, Mountain Christian School expanded moved their high school to the former RPCS building.

## History

The school was started in 1989 by a group of parents who wanted a school that was interdenominational. The parents chose the name, Ron Pettigrew, a coach/teacher/principal at Bethel Christian School(now named Mountain Christian School). Ron Pettigrew was killed in a car accident in 1988, along with five members of the senior boys basketball team. Before the accident, the school was known as Bethel Christian School, but in 1989 RPCS moved to its own building. In 1992, it built the facility it currently uses. In 2013-2014 a new playground was added. The updated structure replaced the wooden jungle gym, creating a fun, safe area. In 2019, the school closed permanently and ceased operations. In 2022, Mountain Christian School expanded moved their high school to the former RPCS building.

## Sports

In the school's inaugural year (1989-1990), despite not having a gymnasium (a gym was added in 2008), the high-school girls basketball team won the BC provincial championship. They would repeat that victory in 1991 with a record of 31–3. The same girls won the provincial title as Bethel Christian School in 1989. The team played all over Western Canada and made headlines as they "Turned Tragedy Into Inspirational Fire." The members of the team were: Jeanette Bailey, Heather Bailey, Susan Stanley, Allison Casseleman, Christy Wiebe, Danette Blouin, Diane Henderson, Paige Huzel, and Jody Eldridge. The team was coached by John Bailey and Joanne Haukenfrers.
The high school boys basketball team placed second in provincials in 1992, followed by 3rd and 5th-place finishes in the following years. In 2016, the Senior Boys basketball team won BC 1A provincials.
# Ponta Nhô Martinho

Ponta Nhô Martinho is a headland on the Island of Brava, Cape Verde. It is the southernmost point of Cape Verde. It is located nearly 4 km south of Cachaço, the nearest settlement. Formerly, the point was called Salt Point (Portuguese: Ponta do Sal), for instance in the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin. There is a lighthouse on Ponta Nhô Martinho, which is the southernmost structure in Cape Verde. Its focal plane is 29 metres (95 ft) above sea level.
# Powerpet railway station

Powerpet railway station (station code: PRH), is an Indian Railways station in Eluru city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line of Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.

## History

Between 1893 and 1896, 1,288 km (800 mi) of the East Coast State Railway, between Vijayawada and Cuttack, was opened for traffic. The southern part of the East Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901.

## Electrification

The Mustabad–Gannavaram–Nuzvid–Bhimadolu sector was electrified in 1995–96.

## Classification

In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Powerpet is categorized as a Non-Suburban Grade-5 (NSG-5) railway station. Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–5 category station earns between ₹1–₹10 crore and handles 1–2 million passengers.

## Station amenities

It is one of the 38 stations in the division to be equipped with Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVMs).
# Per Andersson

Per Andersson may refer to:
* Per Andersson (biathlete) (born 1954), Swedish Olympic biathlete
* Per Andersson (rower) (born 1971), Swedish Olympic rower
* Per Andersson (actor) (born 1976), Swedish actor
# Rayborn

Rayborn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cal Rayborn (1940-1973), American motorcycle racer
* John Rayborn (born 1975), American football player
* Kenny Rayborn (born 1974), American baseball player
# Rayburn, West Virginia

Rayburn is an unincorporated community in Mason County, West Virginia, United States.
# SOS (Turkish Cypriot band)

SOS is a Turkish Cypriot rock band from Morphou, Northern Cyprus.
The band was formed in 1987 with its current band members (with the exception of Özberek) with the initiative of the guitarist Kamil Atik in Morphou. The first years of the band was centered on an idealistic ideology, with covers of foreign-language songs and composition of songs about peace. However, the band gradually grew monetary concerns and started to perform popular songs at weddings and profitable locations. During this period, Kemal Dürüst, the former Turkish Cypriot Minister of Education, was part of the group as its keyboardist and violinist, but had to leave because of his university education.
They released their first cassette in 1987, the year the band was established, and have released a number of cassettes since then. They became popular with the Turkish Cypriot youth. The band views rock music as a way of relieving "societal depression". In the 2000s, during the rallies for the Annan Plan for Cyprus, they became symbolic of the support for the plan and performed to audiences exceeding 80,000 people. The group has been active in performing the election songs of political parties. In 2014, they released an album where they interpreted Turkish Cypriot folk songs in their own style. They perform at numerous festivals across Northern Cyprus, along with bars and clubs in North Nicosia and Kyrenia.
The current band members are:
* Kamil Atik – Guitar
* Mehmet Zeyin – Guitar
* Muhittin Yangın – Vocal
* Mehmet Özçelik – Bass
* Tevfik Özberek – Drums
# SOS (arcade game)

SOS Game is a shoot 'em up arcade game that was released by Namco in 1979. It was one of the three final monochromatic titles that was released by the company; the other two were Navarone and Kaitei Takara Sagashi.

## Gameplay

The player must use a 2-way joystick to direct a fighter plane across the bottom of the screen, while enemy planes fly down towards it from the top of the screen; they can press the button to make the plane fire bullets from its nose at the enemy planes to destroy them for 10 points apiece. The plane can only fire one bullet at a time, and if it misses the player will have to wait for the bullet to go off the top of the screen before he can try again.
Occasionally, a flashing arrow will appear, and point to either side of the screen while an "SOS" signal is being heard in Morse Code. If the player can manage to move the plane to that side of the screen before the "SOS" signal stops, he will receive 30 extra points, and the number of enemy planes that have bypassed it will decrease by 9 (but if the amount is under 9 at the time, it will have no effect).
If the number of invading (侵略, shinryaku) enemy planes should ever amount to 100, the game will immediately be over, regardless of how many lives the player may have remaining. Every 2,000 points, the message "COFFEE BREAK" will appear, and will show a girl in a bikini. The operator can enable a nudity DIP switch, which will make the girl topless after 6000 points, and naked after 10000 points.
# SOR BN 10,5

SOR BN 10,5 is a low-entry midibus produced by Czech bus manufacturer SOR since 2005.

## Construction features

Bus BN 10.5 is a two-axle low-entry midibus, which is designed primarily for urban and suburban traffic. On the right side plate of the bus are three sets of hinged doors. The space between the front and middle door is a low-floor (at a height of 360 mm above the ground). The rear part of the vehicle is located at a height of 800 mm above the ground. The drive axle is back (Spanish brand DANA) front axle wishbone design with independent wheel suspension and its own production. The engine and manual transmission is located in the rear of the bus. Semi-self-body, which is made of welded steel sections, is outside plating, interior is lined with plastic sheeting.

## Production and operation

SOR BN 10.5 replaced in the production its predecessor, step-entrance midibus SOR B 10,5. Buses BN 10.5, are used for less congested urban lines or commuter lines. One of the operators of these buses as the company ČSAD buses Plzeň . In the summer, 2008 SOR won a public tender The transport undertakings in Bratislava. Total to be delivered 60 buses type BN 10.5 with a total value of 270 million Slovak crowns by 2011.
# SOR CN 12

SOR CN12 is a low-entry intercity bus produced by Czech bus manufacturer SOR since 2004.

## Construction features

SOR CN 12 is two-axle, while the space ahead of the rear axle is a low-floor. The driven axle is the rear axle and engine with gearbox is located under the floor in the rear. Vehicle body is welded from steel sections, outside is flashing, inside lined with plastic sheeting. Cab is closed. The front axle is a brand SOR, rear solid axle is brand DANA.
Low-floor is approximately in two thirds of the bus, while in the low-floor section located at a height of 360 mm above the ground. To the rear of the vehicle, under which is hidden drivetrain, has two steps (as part of a low-floor and the last door). A similar solution is quite common for other producers and indicates the general concept of low-entry (loosely translated as "vehicle with low starting edge"), respectively. abbreviation LE. In the case of the bus SOR CN 12 However, this solution is unique variable height of the roof of the vehicle, popularly known as "hump".

## Production and operation

CN 12 is two-door model of SOR BN 12, which is more suitable for intercity transportation, and was later renamed to SOR CN 12. Initially, however, was SOR CN 12 known as "SOR BN 12 two-door".
# 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the ten dimethylnaphthalene isomers, which are derived from naphthalene by the addition of two methyl groups.

## Synthesis

Alkylated naphthalenes (methyl-, dimethyl-, and poly-methyl naphthalenes, thus including 2,6-DMN) are found in low concentrations in crude oil and coal tar. Separation is difficult, expensive, and requires a number of operations such as selective crystallization and adsorption, in addition to any isomerization reactions. Alternative routes to 2,6-DMN remains of interest.
In the "alkenylation process" butadiene (1), o-xylene (2), and sodium-potassium alloy (3) are used, which react to form 5-(ortho-tolyl)pent-2-ene (OTP, 3). OTP is subsequently cyclized to 1,5-dimethyltetraline (4). Dehydrogenation then provides 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene (1,5-DMN, 5). Finally, 1,5-DMN is isomerized to 2,6-DMN (6). In the final step, other mono-, di-, and tri-methylnaphthalenes are formed. More work is therefore required in separation of the mixture, which is done by selective crystallization.
    Synthesis of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene by the alkenylation process

## Applications

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene is mainly used for the preparation of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid by oxidation of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene in the liquid phase. 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is a monomer for the production of high-performance polymers, in particular poly (ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) or shorter polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). That polyester is stronger and has a higher thermal resistance than the more frequently used polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene undergoes ammoxidation to give the 2,6-dicyanonaphthalene, which can be hydrogenated to bis(aminomethyl)naphthalene, a precursor to dyes.
# SS Edward A. Filene

SS Edward A. Filene was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Edward A. Filene, an American businessman and philanthropist. He is best known for building the Filene's department store chain and for his decisive role in pioneering credit unions across the United States.

## Construction

Edward A. Filene was laid down on 9 February 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2472, by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company, Jacksonville, Florida; she was sponsored by Catherine Filene Shouse, the niece of the namesake, and was launched on 6 April 1944.

## History

She was allocated to the American West African Line, Inc., on 20 April 1944. On 23 December 1948, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Astoria, Oregon. On 28 July 1954, she was withdrawn from the fleet to be loaded with grain under the "Grain Program 1954", she returned loaded on 7 August 1954. On 9 December 1957, she was withdrawn to be unload, she returned on empty 13 December 1957. She was sold for nontransportation use, 30 December 1965, to Foss Launch and Tug Co., for $60,000. She was removed from the fleet on 11 February 1966. She was sunk at Cook Inlet, Alaska, as a breakwater and dock.
# Jefferson Township, Oklahoma

Jefferson Township is the name of 7 townships in the U.S. state of Oklahoma:
* Jefferson Township, Caddo County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Coal County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Cotton County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Ellis County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Washington County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Woods County, Oklahoma
* Jefferson Township, Woodward County, Oklahoma
# Kräuterlikör

Kräuterlikör (German: ) (herbal liqueur or spiced liqueur, also called "half-bitters") is a type of liqueur that is flavored with herbs or spices and traditionally drunk neat as a digestif, very close to the concept of an italian amaro.
The history of Kräuterlikör recipes dates back to medieval authors like Hildegard of Bingen. Mixtures of alcohol and bitter substances were used as medicine to increase bile and gastric acid secretion. Nowadays, Kräuterlikör is also served as an ingredient of different cocktails and long drinks.
Widely sold liqueur brands are Riga Black Balsam (Latvia), Jägermeister, Killepitsch, Kuemmerling, Schierker Feuerstein, Schwartzhog, Wurzelpeter, and Underberg (Germany), Altvater (Austria), Becherovka (Czech Republic), Unicum (Hungary), as well as Bénédictine and Chartreuse (France). In Italy, amaro ("bitter") liqueurs include Cynar and Ramazzotti.
# 1990 Scottish National Party leadership election

There was a Scottish National Party leadership election to choose the new leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 1990. The election followed the announcement by SNP Leader Gordon Wilson, that he would not seek re-nomination as party leader.
Two candidates presented themselves for election. Alex Salmond, the party's depute leader and Member of Parliament for Banff and Buchan, and Margaret Ewing, MP for Moray, who had served as depute leader until 1987. Both candidates were seen as being on the left-wing of the party.
Jim Sillars, the party's other Westminster MP, supported Ewing. Although Ewing's official campaign remained positive, Silllars created an unofficial group of Ewing supporters who were highly critical of Salmond.
The result of the election was announced at the party conference, held in Perth on 22 September. Salmond won the election by 486 votes to 186, a larger-than-expected margin.
# Soda PDF

Soda PDF is an application used to view, create, and edit Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The software was developed by LULU Software in 2010, based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

## Features

Some of the main features are the following:
* Merge/Append Files. Merge or combine files / add pages to a document.
* Electronic Signature. Digitally sign online documents.
* Rearrange Pages. Rearrange/reorder pages within a document.
* Delete Pages.
* Rotate Pages.
* Access Controls/Permissions.
* Commenting/Notes.
* Cloud storage integration
Other Soda PDF features are based on older versions such as Soda PDF 2012 and Soda PDF 5. The software also has the ability to read comic book files such as CBR and CBZ, and eBook files such as EPUB.

## Soda View / 3D and Create

Soda View/3D is a free PDF application users can use to open, view, and create PDF files. The flipping animation tool of its patent-pending 3D feature enables users to go through pages of PDF files. CNET has praised the 3D Reader as being “clean and inviting,” However, the program also installs unwanted software that creates frequent pop-ups in Windows.

## Version history

| Version | Date | Description |
| Soda PDF Professional 2011 with OCR | May 2011 | New features include Create & Convert, Edit & Insert, Secure & Sign, Digital Signature, Secure Permissions, Password Security features, and OCR. |
| Soda PDF 2012 | December 2011 | 3D View, split PDF into multiple files, extract specific pages of a PDF document, easier to select text, make necessary modifications and rearrange elements within PDF documents. |
| Soda PDF 5 | October 2012 | Interface redesigned, improved layer management and form creation, additional tools for reviewing and annotating documents, support for TIFF file format for PDF creation. |
| Soda PDF 6 | November 2013 | Modular feature installation |
| Soda PDF 12 | August 2020 | User interface refresh; increased speed; E-sign |
| Soda PDF 14 | May 2022 | |