OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ray Turner (computer scientist)

Professor Raymond Turner (born 28 April 1947) is an English logician, philosopher, and theoretical computer scientist based at the University of Essex. He is best known for his work on logic in computer science and for his pioneering work in the philosophy of computer science. He is on the editorial boards for the Journal of Logic and Computation and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, for Logic, Computation, and Agency.

## Books

* Logics for Artificial Intelligence, 121 pages, E. Horwood, 1984, ISBN 0-470-20123-1
* Truth and Modality for Knowledge Representation, 141 pages, The MIT Press, 1991,ISBN 0-262-20080-5
* Constructive Foundations for Functional Languages, 288 pages, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, 1 May 1991, ISBN 0-07-707411-4
* Computable Models, 240 pages, Springer, 2009, ISBN 1-84882-051-8
* Computational Artefacts: Towards a Philosophy of Computer Science, 285 pages, Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-662-55565-1

## Selected Papers

* A theory of properties, The Journal of Symbolic Logic. 52 (02), 455–472.
* Counterfactuals without possible worlds, Journal of Philosophical Logic. 10 (4), 453–493.
* Logics of truth, Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic. 31 (2), 308–329.
* Understanding programming languages, Minds and Machines. 17 (2), 203–216.
* The Foundations of Specification Journal of Logic and Computation. 15 (5), 623–662.
* Semantics and stratification, Journal of Logic and Computation. 15 (2), 145–158.
* Type inference for set theory, Theoretical Computer Science. 266 (1–2), 951–974.
* Reading between the lines in constructive type theory, Journal of Logic and Computation. 7 (2), 229–250.
* Weak theories of operations and types, Journal of Logic and Computation. 6 (1), 5–31.
* Lazy theories of operations and types, Journal of Logic and Computation. 3 (1), 77–102.
* Philosophy of computer science, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, .
* Specification, Minds and Machines, 21 (2):135–152.
* Types, in Handbook of Logic and Language. 1st Edition. Editors: J. van Benthem A. ter Meulen. ISBN 9780080533087.

## Awards

Covey award 2017..
# Reto Delnon

Reto Delnon (May 1, 1924 – November 6, 1983) was a Swiss ice hockey player who competed for the Swiss national team at the 1952 Winter Olympics. In 1962, he was sacked from the role as coach of the Swiss national team due to his membership in the Communist Party of Labour.
# Aer Rianta International

Aer Rianta International cpt (ARI) is an airport and retail holding and management company, registered in Dublin and with its head office at Dublin Airport. ARI is a subsidiary of Ireland's state-owned DAA.
The company was established in 1988 as part of Aer Rianta (now daa). The airport division holds a 20% stake in Düsseldorf Airport. It formerly held stakes in Hamburg Airport, which it sold in December 2006 and Birmingham Airport, which it sold in September 2007. The airport retail division designs, manages and operates duty free and duty paid airport retail outlets in Europe, the Middle East, India, New Zealand and the Americas.
ARI has stores in Barbados, Bahrain, Canada, Cyprus, India, Lebanon, New Zealand, Montenegro, Qatar, Indonesia and Oman and also operates retail outlets under the brand: "The Loop" at Dublin Airport and Cork Airport. It has a managed turnover of over $1 billion and employs over 3,000 people worldwide.
In March 2007, Aer Rianta International and Barbados-based Caribbean Airways announced a new joint venture retail business named CaribbeanAri Inc. The venture is to be debuted in Barbados' Grantley Adams International Airport. The business will feature a Runway brand of luggage, cosmetics, clothing, chocolates, liquor and tobacco stores.
In 2012, the company had sales of €1.2 billion.
In February 2018, John Heffernan resigned from the ARI board. In May, Jack McGowan left the position of chief executive. In July, Ray Hernan was appointed chief executive of ARI and Anthony Kenny was appointed deputy CEO and chief financial officer.
# Ram Gopal

Ram Gopal may refer to:
* Ram Gopal (author) (born 1925), Indian writer and historian
* Ram Gopal Varma (born 1962), Indian screenwriter, film director/producer
* Ram Gopal (dancer) (1912–2003), Bangalore-born British dancer
* Ram Gopal Bajaj (born 1940), National School of Drama director
* Ram Gopal Yadav (born 1946), Indian politician
# Preajba

Preajba may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Preajba, a village in Malu Mare Commune, Dolj County
* Preajba, a village in Poeni Commune, Teleorman County
* Preajba de Jos and Preajba de Pădure, villages in Teslui Commune, Dolj County
* Preajba Mare, a village in Târgu Jiu city, Gorj County
# Renee Alway

Renee Diane Alway (born April 29, 1986), is an American fashion model, the last eliminated contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8, and the runner-up on Modelville.

## Early life

Alway was born and raised in northern Michigan, where her father was a pastor and police officer. She revealed in the first episode of Modelville on October 8, 2008, that her father was physically and mentally abusive, and that she, her siblings, and her mother Sandra, were afraid to leave due to her father's respected position in the community as well as his mental instability.

## America's Next Top Model

Alway was one of the top three contestants on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8. She heard about the audition the day before it took place in Chicago, and had been in town to get married. She went to the audition four days after she got married. On the show Alway received two first call-outs and won two challenges. She started feuds with many contestants, but after mediation with Tyra Banks the feud stopped. Alway soon began to get along with her fellow models. Alway made it to the finals but was cut after her CoverGirl ad and commercial. Despite making the best commercial and shooting the best ad, the judges felt Alway couldn't embody a Covergirl because she photographed too old. She was subsequently eliminated.

## Modeling/acting career

Alway started modeling when she was 13. Before Top Model, she modeled in New York City, Europe and Japan and appeared in Seventeen and Italian Vogue. She also appeared in ads for Delia's. Alway appeared in US Weekly with Jaslene Gonzalez, Natasha Galkina and Dionne Walters. Alway has also done post top model work for Roman Holiday Collection.
She has appeared on the CBS TV series Shark, in an episode titled "In Absentia." She competed on the reality show Modelville that aired within The Tyra Banks Show and finished 2nd.

## Personal life

Before Top Model, Alway was a stay-at-home mother. She and her husband Jason have three children.
She has said that she has a lot of respect for German supermodel Heidi Klum. She has stated that it was hard for her to find jobs because she was just lost in a sea of blond-haired, blue-eyed models.
On June 28, 2013, Alway was arrested after a six-hour standoff with police in Palm Springs, California. She was arrested for multiple offenses, including drug possession, burglary, committing a felony while on bail, theft, and fraud. She also had prior arrests that year for grand theft of more than $400, grand theft with a firearm, and receiving stolen property.
On December 10, 2014, Alway was sentenced to 12 years in prison after pleading guilty to four felony burglary counts, one count of vehicle theft, one count of firearm possession, and one misdemeanor count of identity theft. She was dismissed of more than a dozen other counts under a plea agreement. Alway was released from prison in April 2018 after serving a 5-year sentence since June 2013.
Alway publicly came out as gay in 2018.
# Selaginella elmeri

Selaginella elmeri is a species of plant in the Selaginellaceae family.

## Sources

* GBIF entry
* This lycophyte-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Scrobipalpula polemoniella

Scrobipalpula polemoniella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1925. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Ohio.
The larvae feed on Polemonium reptans.
# Scythris albocanella

Scythris albocanella is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2002. It is found in Yemen.
# Protaminase

Protaminase may refer to one of two enzymes:
* Lysine carboxypeptidase
* Carboxypeptidase B
# Aer language

Aer (/ˈaɪər/ YRE) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 100 people in Sindh, Pakistan and Gujarat, India. It is one of the smallest languages of Pakistan in terms of number of speakers, and is spoken in rural areas of Sindh including Hyderabad, Kot Ghulam Muhammad, and Kunri. Some speakers are also reported to be living in Shaheed Benazirabad, but they have a different culture.

## History

After the Partition of India in 1947, the Muslim speakers of the language migrated to Pakistan, while the Hindu speakers stayed in India. Most of the Aer speakers in Pakistan live in Deh 333, near Hyderabad in lower Sindh. The language was formed in the Indian subcontinent during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire due to the influence of Persian, Arabic, and Turkish on Indian languages.
A 1998 estimate concluded there were around 200 native speakers. Current estimates, however, put the number of speakers at 150, further cementing its 'endangered' status.

## Classification

Aer has been classified as one of the Gujarati languages. Ethnologue reports that the closest language is Kachi Koli and especially its dialects Katai Meghwar and Kachi Bhil, and that most Aer speakers are bilingual in Sindhi. Two varieties of Aer are Jikrio Goth Aer and Jamesabad Aer.

## Alphabet

Aer is commonly not written, but when it is, it is written in a variety of the Arabic script.
Aer Perso-Arabic alphabet :
| Letter | Name of Letter | Transcription | IPA |
| ا | alif | a | /a/ |
| ب | be | b | /b/ |
| پ | pe | p | /p/ |
| ت | te | t | /t/ |
| ٹ | ṭe | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | se | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | jīm | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | če | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | he | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | khe | kh | /kʱ/ |
| د | dāl | d | /d/ |
| ڈ | ḍāl | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ۮ | ɗāl | ɗ | /ɗ/ |
| ذ | zāl | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | re | r | /r/ |
| ڑ | ṛe | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ۯ | ɭe | ɭ | /ɭ/ |
| ز | ze | z | /z/ |
| ژ | je | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| س | sīn | s | /s/ |
| ش | šīn | š | /ʃ/ |
| ص | swād | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | zwād | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | to'e | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | zo'e | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | ‘ayn | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| غ | ghayn | gh | /gʱ/ |
| ف | fe | f | /f/ |
| ق | kāf | k | /k/ |
| ک | kāf | k | /k/ |
| گ | gāf | g | /g/ |
| ل | lām | l | /l/ |
| م | mīm | m | /m/ |
| ن | nūn | n | /n/ |
| ݨ | ṇūn | ṇ | /ɳ/ |
| ں | ˜ | ˜ | /˜/ |
| و | waw | w | /w/ |
| ہ | he | h | /h/ |
| ھ | _he | _h | /ʰ/ |
| ۿ | ɦ | ɦ | /ɦ/ |
| ء | hamza | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| ی | ye | y | /j/, /i/ |
| ے | ye | e, ē | /ɛ/ |
# Pan American Archery Championships

The Pan American Archery Championships is an outdoor archery sports championships gathering nations from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean.

## Championships
### Outdoor

| Edition | City | Country |
| 1972 Pan American Archery Championships | Acapulco | Mexico |
| 1974 Pan American Archery Championships | San Juan | Puerto Rico |
| 1976 Pan American Archery Championships | Valley Forge | United States |
| 1980 Pan American Archery Championships | Melgar | Colombia |
| 1982 Pan American Archery Championships | Joliette | Canada |
| 1986 Pan American Archery Championships | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil |
| 1994 Pan American Archery Championships | Sancti Spíritus | Cuba |
| 1998 Pan American Archery Championships | Havana | Cuba |
| 2000 Pan American Archery Championships | Medellín | Colombia |
| 2002 Pan American Archery Championships | San Salvador | El Salvador |
| 2004 Pan American Archery Championships | Valencia | Venezuela |
| 2006 Pan American Archery Championships | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil |
| 2008 Pan American Archery Championships | Valencia | Venezuela |
| 2010 Pan American Archery Championships | Guadalajara | Mexico |
| 2012 Pan American Archery Championships | San Salvador | El Salvador |
| 2014 Pan American Archery Championships | Rosario | Argentina |
| 2016 Pan American Archery Championships | San José | Costa Rica |
| 2018 Pan American Archery Championships | Medellín | Colombia |
| 2021 Pan American Archery Championships | Monterrey | Mexico |
| 2022 Pan American Archery Championships | Santiago | Chile |
| 2023 Pan American Archery Championships | Puerto Iguazú | Argentina |
| 2024 Pan American Archery Championships | Medellín | Colombia |
# SS Thistlegarth

SS Thistlegarth was a British armed merchant cargo ship that the German submarine U-103 torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) west-northwest of Rockall while she was travelling in Convoy OB 228 from Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom to Father Point, New Brunswick, Canada in ballast.

## Construction

Thistlegarth was built by the James Laing & Sons Ltd. shipyard at Sunderland, United Kingdom. She was launched in July and completed in September 1929. The ship was 128.32 metres (421 ft 0 in) long, had a beam of 17.07 metres (56 ft 0 in) and had a depth of 7.32 metres (24 ft 0 in). She was assessed at 4,747 gross register tons (GRT) and had one 3-cylinder triple expansion engine along with two single boilers, one auxiliary boiler and eight corrugated furnaces driving a single screw propeller. The ship could generate 430 nhp and could reach a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).

## Sinking

Thistlegarth was travelling from Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom to Father Point, New Brunswick, Canada in ballast as part of Convoy OB 228 when on 15 October 1940 at 19.33pm, the unescorted ship was hit amidships on her port side by a G7e torpedo from the German submarine U-103 in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) west-northwest of Rockall. The ship took on a noticeable list and the crew abandoned ship, but reboarded her later when they noticed that Thistlegarth did not appear to be sinking. The ship's lingering buoyancy also caught the attention of the crew of U-103, who decided to surface and fired the deck gun at the damaged ship. Not realising the Thistlegarth was armed with guns of her own, U-103 had to crash dive after firing only three shots due to their target returning fire at them.
Victory remained short, as Thistlegarth was hit by a coup de grâce under the aft mast on her starboard side at 9.42pm, which broke her in two and sank her in two minutes. The crew had all safely evacuated into two lifeboats and awaited rescue. The first lifeboat with nine crew members on board were rescued by HMS Heartsease on 18 October, but the second lifeboat containing 28 crew members, the captain and a gunner was never seen again and all were presumed lost at sea.

## Wreck

The wreck of Thistlegarth lies at 58°43′N 15°00′W﻿ / ﻿58.717°N 15.000°W﻿ / 58.717; -15.000.
# Shakespeare's Pizza

Shakespeare's Pizza, founded in 1973, is a landmark in Columbia, Missouri, USA, known for its popular pizza and unconventional decor. In November 2010, Shakespeare's was the winner of “Best Bites Challenge: College Edition” on ABC's Good Morning America. In 2019, Shakespeare's won the Barstool Sports One Bite Pizza Contest.

## Locations

Shakespeare's Pizza has three locations in Columbia. The original restaurant was located at 9th and Elm, across the street from the campus of the University of Missouri. It has since reopened in a new building at the same location. Much of the decor and some of the old building materials were re-used in the new building. A second location opened in 2004 and is often referred to as Shakespeare's West and is located at the corner of West Broadway and Broadfield Drive, on the west side of the town. A third location (Shakespeare's South) opened on Peachtree Drive, off Providence Road on the south side of Columbia in 2012. On April 1, 2015, it was announced that the iconic downtown location would be demolished and reconstructed with additional student housing built on atop. The renovated downtown location reopened in 2016.

## Frozen pizza

Frozen Shakespeare's pizza is available at grocery stores in Columbia, Mid-Missouri, Kansas City, St. Louis and Springfield. It is also available for purchase online and ships to 23 states including Missouri. Shakespeare's Frozen is also a popular fundraiser throughout the Midwest.
# Selaginella hansenii

Selaginella hansenii is a species of spikemoss known by the common name Hansen's spikemoss. It is endemic to California where it can be found throughout the central part of the state, from the lowest reaches of the Cascade Range through the Central Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada to the southern end of the Central Valley and the Tehachapis. It can be found in varied rocky habitat in hills and mountains. This lycophyte forms loose or dense mats of spreading stems with small, forking branches. The lance-shaped or triangular leaves are up to 5 or 6 millimeters long including the soft, white bristles at the tips. The leaves are green, often tinged with red, or totally red. The strobili containing the reproductive structures are under a centimeter long.
# Scrobipalpula pallens

Scrobipalpula pallens is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1987. It is found in Argentina.
# Scythris alhamrae

Scythris alhamrae is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2002. It is found in Oman.
The wingspan is 12.5–14 mm (0.49–0.55 in).

## Etymology

The species is named after Al Hamra, the type locality.
# Salacca

Salacca is a genus of about 20 species of palms native to Southeast Asia and the eastern Himalayas. They are dioecious (with the exception of Salak Bali) and pollinated by Curculionidae beetles.
They are very short-stemmed palms, with leaves up to 6–8 m long. The leaves have a spiny petiole; in most species they are pinnate with numerous leaflets, but some species, notably S. magnifica, have undivided leaves. The fruit grow in clusters at the base of the plants, and are edible in many species, with a reddish-brown scaly skin covering a white pulp and one to two large inedible seeds. The Salak (S. zalacca) or snake fruit is the species most widely grown for its fruit; the firm white pulp has a slight acidic taste. The skin of the snakefruit has a unique texture not unlike that of a snake's skin, rough to the touch in one direction but smooth in the other.

## Species

* Salacca acehensis Chikmawati. - Aceh
* Salacca affinis Griff. - Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia
* Salacca bakeriana J.Dransf. - Sarawak
* Salacca clemensiana Becc. - Borneo, Philippines
* Salacca dolicholepis Burret - Sabah
* Salacca dransfieldiana Mogea - Kalimantan
* Salacca flabellata Furtado - Malaysia
* Salacca glabrescens Griff. - Malaysia, Thailand
* Salacca graciliflora Mogea - Malaysia
* Salacca griffithii A.J.Hend. - Yunnan, Myanmar, Thailand
* Salacca lophospatha J.Dransf. & Mogea - Sabah - apparently extinct
* Salacca magnifica Mogea - Sabah
* Salacca minuta Mogea - Malaysia
* Salacca multiflora Mogea - Malaysia
* Salacca ramosiana Mogea - Sabah, Philippines
* Salacca rupicola J.Dransf. - Sarawak
* Salacca sarawakensis Mogea - Sarawak
* Salacca secunda Griff. - Assam, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar
* Salacca stolonifera Hodel - Thailand
* Salacca sumatrana Becc. - Sumatra
* Salacca vermicularis Becc. - Borneo
* Salacca wallichiana Mart. - Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra
* Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss - Java, Sumatra; naturalized in Bali, Lombok, Timor, Malaysia, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi
# Ragle Ranch Regional Park

Ragle Ranch Regional Park is a regional park in Sebastopol, California, U.S.A. that is maintained by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department. It covers an area of 157 acres (64 ha) on the west side of town. The park entrance is at 500 Ragle Road, and the day use fee is $7 per vehicle.

## Facilities and features

The park features a paved loop path 0.83 mi (1.34 km) in circumference, plus secondary paved paths associated with a par course. Unpaved trails suitable for hiking, cycling, or horseback riding provide access to Atascadero Creek and its associated wetlands. The tennis courts, volleyball courts, baseball diamond, and six soccer fields are all located on the east side of the park, within sight of Ragle Road. The park includes both a Veterans Memorial Grove and a Peace Garden. Other amenities include a children's playground, picnic tables, barbecues, a gazebo, bathrooms, and a dog park. There is a small pond behind the bathrooms.

## Gallery

* The Peace Garden
# Rilous Carter

Rilous Carter is the Vice President of Disney's Epcot. He had been the VP of Disney's Hollywood Studios before switching positions with Dan Cockerell.

## Early life

Carter was born in Town Creek, Alabama where he was also raised.

## Education

Carter had an athletic scholarship and worked his way into academic scholarships to go to any college he wanted to go to in the US. He ended up going to the University of Alabama.

## Career

Carter is the first African American to hold this position. In 2008, he was appointed as the Vice President of Disney's Hollywood Studios. Carter's non-traditional style of leading has separated himself from the rest. In his position as vice president of Disney's Epcot, he led the teams responsible for driving catering sales, services and banquet operations, and for theme park event operations at the 40-square-mile park and resort.
# Rana Riaz Ahmad

Rana Riaz Ahmad is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PP-200 (Sahiwal-V) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Sad-dar

The Sad-dar or Saddar, literally "Hundred Doors", is a Persian book about Zoroastrianism. The hundred chapters are guidelines that Zoroastrians should follow.
# Shakespeare's Kingdom

"Shakespeare's Kingdom" is a poem written by Alfred Noyes and set to music by the English composer Edward Elgar. It was one of the songs (also known as the "Pageant of Empire") written to be performed in the Pageant of Empire at the British Empire Exhibition on 21 July 1924.
The song is about the English poet, William Shakespeare, describing his arrival in London.
# Raz Mohammed Dalili

Raz Mohammed Dalili (born 1959) was the former governor of Paktia Province in Afghanistan from 2002 until 2004. His arrival as governor in the capital Gardez was delayed when local militia leader and previous governor Pacha Khan Zadran refused to let him into the city. Dalili eventually successfully served for two years. He is an ethnic Pashtun.

## Role in the custodial death of Jamal Nasser

An 18-year-old Afghan militia soldier, named Jamal Nasser, captured with seven other militiamen in March 2003, died in custody. Members of the Green Beret team who captured Nasser and his comrades were under investigation because it was alleged that they hid his death, colluded and falsified their reports. CBS News reported, on September 21, 2004, that former Paktia Governor Dalili confirmed that he had requested a Green Beret officer named "Mike" to apprehend militia soldiers who were conducting illegal roadblocks, on the Khost-Gardez highway, and extorting money from travelers. CBS News identified Dalili as the current Governor of Wardak Province.