OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Poor Richard Club

The Poor Richard Club was a private club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, whose members were mostly members of the advertising industry. The club bestowed an annual Gold Medal of Achievement to several celebrities, including several U.S. Presidents.

## History

The club was founded in 1906 with 75 members, just a year after a similar club opened in New York. The advertising industry was on a quest for more respectability, and the clubs were created as a way to promote and enforce ethical guidelines. Nevertheless, they functioned largely as places to nurture business, social, and political relationships. The first president was Thomas Martindale, a local grocer and importer.
The following year, the club purchased a large Victorian house at 239–241 Camac Street, where their weekly lunches and monthly dinners were held. By 1911, membership had grown to 350.
In 1916, the club published "Poor Richard's Dictionary of Philadelphia", an informative, sometimes humorous, guide to all aspects of the city, including historical landmarks, businesses, churches, hotels, hospitals, and clubs. The book was presented to Associated Advertising Clubs of the World members who attended the annual meeting held at the Poor Richard Club House.
In 1925, the club moved to the Dr. Joseph Leidy House, 1319 Locust Street, which they shared with the Charles Morris Price School of Advertising and Journalism, founded by members of the club in 1920.
The club was instrumental in proposing, funding, and raising the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, built in 1933.
On January 17, 1956, the club held their 50th anniversary dinner at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel and honored then Vice President Richard Nixon with the Gold Medal of Achievement. The club had over 600 members in the 1930s, but membership declined in the 1970s. The Locust Street building was sold in 1979, and the club disbanded a few years later.

## Gold Medal of Achievement awardees

The club's major event was its annual banquet, at which the members presented an annual award for public service. Among the recipients of the club's Gold Medal of Achievement were:
# Iraq at the Olympics

Iraq first participated at the Olympic Games in 1948. It was absent from the 1952 Summer Olympics and boycotted the 1956 games over opposition to the Suez Crisis. Iraq returned to win a Bronze medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. After participating in the next three games, it did not appear in the 1972 and 1976 games to boycott apartheid South Africa. Iraq is one of the non-African countries that joined the 1976 boycott, the others being Afghanistan, Albania, Burma (Myanmar), Guyana, Sri Lanka and Syria. Since 1980, Iraq has appeared in every game.
On April 9, 2003, the National Olympic Committee of Iraq building in Baghdad was damaged in looting and fires from looters. Iraq's Olympic program recovered in time to compete in the Athens Olympics the following year, and the Iraq football team almost won a bronze medal but were defeated by Italy in the bronze medal match. Iraq has never competed at the Winter Olympic Games.
Iraq has only won one medal since they have entered the games. They won a bronze medal, in weightlifting at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
They have been represented by National Olympic Committee of Iraq since entering.

## Medal tables

| Games | Athletes | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 1948 London | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1952 Helsinki | did not participate |
| 1956 Melbourne | did not participate |
| 1960 Rome | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 41 |
| 1964 Tokyo | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1968 Mexico City | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1972 Munich | did not participate |
| 1976 Montreal | did not participate |
| 1980 Moscow | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1984 Los Angeles | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1988 Seoul | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1992 Barcelona | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 1996 Atlanta | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2000 Sydney | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2004 Athens | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2008 Beijing | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2012 London | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2020 Tokyo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2024 Paris | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 2028 Los Angeles | future event |
| 2032 Brisbane | future event |
| Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 151 |

### Medals by sport

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Weightlifting | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (1 entries) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## List of medalists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event |
| Bronze | Abdul Wahid Aziz | 1960 Rome | Weightlifting | Men's Lightweight |
# Iothia

Iothia is a genus of sea snails, the true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Lepetidae.

## Species

The following species within the genus Iothia are recognised by the World Register of Marine Species :
* Iothia albescens (Philippi, 1846) (nomen dubium)
* Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)
* Iothia fulva (O. F. Müller, 1776)
* Iothia lindbergi McLean, 1985
* Iothia megalodon Warén, Nakano & Sellanes, 2011

### Species brought into synonymy

* Iothia antarctica (E. A. Smith, 1907): synonym of Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)
* Iothia coppingeri (E. A. Smith, 1881): synonym of Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)
* Iothia depressa (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Nacella polaris (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841): synonym of Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
* Iothia fulviformis (Egorova, 1972): synonym of Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)
* Iothia pelseneeri (Thiele, 1912): synonym of Propilidium pelseneeri Thiele, 1912
* Iothia radiata (M. Sars, 1851): synonym of Piliscus commodus (Middendorff, 1851)
# Iotisis

Iotisis is a genus of deep-sea bamboo coral in the family Isididae. It is monotypic with a single species, Iotisis alba.
# Iotatubothrips

Iotatubothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. There are three described species in Iotatubothrips, found in Australia.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Iotatubothrips:
* Iotatubothrips crozieri Mound & Crespi, 1992
* Iotatubothrips daguilari Mound, Tree & Wells, 2022
* Iotatubothrips kranzae Mound, Crespi & Tucker, 1998
# Pontanus (bug)

Pontanus is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are at least four described species in Pontanus.

## Species

* Pontanus accedens (Drake, 1947)
* Pontanus cafer (Distant, 1902)
* Pontanus gibbiferus (Walker, 1873)
* Pontanus puerilis (Drake & Poor, 1936)
# Pope Eumenes of Alexandria

Pope Eumenes was the 7th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria, reigning from 129 to 141.
Eumenes was one of the most respected Christians in Alexandria, Egypt. He was chosen in July (Abib) in 129 during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. He also took over from Pope Justus as the second Dean of the Catechetical School of Alexandria.
During his time he ordained several Bishops, and he sent them to preach in all the provinces of Egypt, Nubia and to Pentapolis and to spread the good news of the Salvation.
The persecution of the Christians increased during his time and many were martyred. After reigning for thirteen years, he died on the 9th of Babah (19 October) in 141 AD.
# Peale's Barber Farm Mastodon Exhumation Site

The Peale's Barber Farm Mastodon Exhumation Site, near Montgomery, New York, is one of three sites of an 1801 exhumation of a mastodon which became "the world's first fully articulated prehistoric skeleton". The exhumation was led by artist/scientist Charles Willson Peale, owner of the Philadelphia Museum.
The site was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on October 20, 2009. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of November 6, 2009.
The mastodon skeleton is exhibited at the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt in Darmstadt, Germany, though it was returned to the US for a temporary exhibit at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
# Pele's tears

Pele's tears (closest Hawaiian translation: "nā waimaka o Pele") are small pieces of solidified lava drops formed when airborne particles of molten material fuse into tearlike drops of volcanic glass. Pele's tears are jet black in color and are often found on one end of a strand of Pele's hair. Pele's tears is primarily a scientific term used by volcanologists.
Pele's tears, like Pele's hair, are named after Pele, the Hawaiian fire goddess of volcanoes.

## Formation

The formation of these tears is a complex process depending on a number of different factors as a tiny droplet of lava is being erupted from a lava fountain. Whilst it is travelling through the air two things are happening: it is cooling down very rapidly (a process known as quenching) and it is being deformed. The deformation of a droplet depends on the speed at which it is erupted from the volcano, its surface tension, the viscosity (thickness) of the magma and the resistance it experiences as it travels through the air.
Pele's tears are also found entangled within fine strands of volcanic glass known as Pele's hair and it was considered that they formed together under similar conditions. Shimozura (1994) investigated this further and found that the velocity of the erupting lava was the main factor in determining whether Pele's tears or Pele's hair were formed. If the velocity of the erupting magma is high then Pele's hair is formed and if the velocity is low the formation of Pele's tears is favoured.
Under the microscope very tiny Pele's tears (less than 1 μm) can be found within the cavities of Pele's hair. This would suggest they formed prior to being trapped within the strand and supports a different mechanism for formation. It has been considered that they became trapped during transport in the eruptive plume.

## Scientific importance

Pele's tears are interesting to volcanologists because trapped within the glass droplet are bubbles of gas and particles called vesicles. When these are analyzed they can provide a great deal of information about the mechanisms of an eruption. For instance, the shape of a vesicle can provide an indication of the velocity of the eruption. When vesicles form within the lava they are spherical in shape. If the eruption is turbulent the vesicles will deform and become elongated in shape. If the velocity is low they will retain their spherical shape as in the case of Pele's tears.
The composition of a magma chamber includes lava, crystals and gases known as volatiles. At high pressures within the magma chamber, gases are dissolved in the melt and are soluble. As the magma rises, the pressure decreases and the gases come out of solution. Some of these gases escape and some become trapped in the melt. When the gases trapped within the vesicles of Pele's tears are analyzed they can provide a great deal of information about the chemical composition of the magma chamber. This information can be used to determine the explosive nature of an eruption and help to understand the complex processes occurring within volcanos. This is important in the management of natural hazards.
# Porta Garibaldi, Catania

The Porta Garibaldi, originally built as the Porta Ferdinandea or Porta Ferdinanda, is a triumphal arch, built in 1768, located at the end of Via Giuseppe Garibaldi, between the Piazza Palestro and Piazza Crocifisso in the quartiere Fortino of Catania, region of Sicily, Italy. It was built to celebrate the marriage of the Bourbon king Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies to the Austrian princess Maria Carolina d'Asburgo-Lorena.
The architects of the monument were Francesco Battaglia and Stefano Ittar. The monument is made of alternating white stone from Siracusa and local dark lava blocks. At the top center of the arch is now a clock, surrounded by allegorical symbols, including an eagle and a statue recalling the black elephant u Liotru, symbol of Catania. Originally, instead of a clock, was a marble bust of the Bourbon king. Flanking this tympanum, at the second level are two angels with trumpets. Flanking these are two sculptural depictions of Trophy of arms. Underneath these dsplays of weapons and armor are written two phrases: one says Litteris armatur (armed with letters) and the other Armis decoratur (decorated with arms). On the east side the tympanum shield depicts a phoenix rising with a Latin cartouche stating Melior de cinere surgo (Better I arise from the ashes), which aptly applies to Catania, that has often required rebuilding due to volcanic activity and earthquakes.
# Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering immunology and allergy as they relate to pediatrics. It was established in 1990 and is published eight times per year by John Wiley & Sons. It is the official journal of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The editor-in-chief is Philippe Eigenmann. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.377, ranking it 6th out of 28 journals in the category "Allergy".
# Pechet

Pechet is a surname, likely of early French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

## Business and industry

* Eugene Pechet (1917–2008), Canadian hotel owner and banker
* Howard Pechet, hotel, casino, restaurant owner and theater producer

## Medicine and science

* Maurice Pechet (1918–2012), American scientist, Internal medicine physician, entrepreneur and philanthropist
* Taine Pechet, American thoracic surgeon

## Television and film

* Kim Pechet, writer and narrator for Shimmy (TV series)
# Iris chrysographes

Iris chrysographes, the black iris, is a plant species that belongs to the genus Iris. It is native to Southern China and Myanmar (Burma), growing in meadows, streamsides, hillsides and forest margins.
Other irises with black flowers include Iris nigricans (the national flower of Jordan), Iris petrana, Iris atrofusca, Iris atropurpurea, Iris susiana, and some varieties of Iris germanica.

## Classification

Horticultural classification: Sino-Siberian Iris, Beardless Iris.

## Description

Iris chrysographes is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial with creeping rhizomes. The leaves are linear and greyish green, and up to 70 cm (28 in) long. The hollow flowering stems, 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) long, bear slightly scented flowers in early summer. These are reddish violet to very dark violet, almost velvety black, and 6–9 cm in diameter. The outer tepals, or falls, usually have narrow golden yellow central stripes. After flowering, the leaves die down, leaving the rhizome in the earth for a dormant period until the autumn, when it sprouts into new growth.

### Toxicity

All parts of the plant can cause indigestion if consumed.

## Cultivation

Iris chrysographes requires a neutral or acid soil, in full sun. It is hardy to USDA zone 4, −20 °C (−4 °F). Propagation is by seeds or division in the spring. Cultivars cannot be reliably grown from seed, and must be divided. For cooler areas plants do best if planted in the spring.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

### Cultivars

Some cultivars are grown, mainly "black" flowered clones under names such as 'Black Beauty', 'Black Knight', 'Black' (syn. 'Black Form', an invalid name), 'Ellenbank Nightshade', 'Stjerneskud' and 'Kew Black'. 'Rubella' is purplish violet.
Iris chrysographes has been used in a number of hybrids with other species.
# Irish Linen Guild

Irish Linen Guild is a promotional organization of the Irish linen industry that was founded in 1928. The Guild's main role is to promote Irish linen in national and international markets, through its website.
The guild's brand's trademark is the focus of all promotional activities. This mark is often colloquially referred to as the 'carpet beater symbol'. It can only be used to mark genuine Irish linen products such as linen yarn spun in Ireland and linen fabrics woven in Ireland by members of the Guild.
Products made from genuine Irish linen fabric, such as garments or table linens, can be labelled Irish linen although the made up item may have been assembled elsewhere.
# Isdalstø

Isdalstø or Isdalsstø is a village in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.
The village lies along the southern end of the Radfjorden between the villages of Alversund and Knarvik. It was a central hub for ferry traffic until the 1970s.
# Ponvasinathar Temple, Iluppur

Ponvasinathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located at Iluppur of Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Location

This temple is located at a distance of 10 km from Viralimalai, 20 km from Trichy and 20 km from Pudukkottai. Bus facilities are available from these places.

## Structure

This temple has front mandapa, artha mandapa and Garbhagriha. From the inscriptions of Kulasekara Pandya (1190-1218 CE) and Sundara Pandya (1218-1244 CE) found there it is learnt that this temple might have belonged to more than 800 years. In the vimana of the presiding deity astathikbalakas, guardian deities, facing eight directions are found. In the south Gnanasambandar, Appar, Sundarar and Manikkavacakar, in the west Kannimoola Ganapathi, Veera Ganapathy, Lakshmi Narayana, Visvanathar, Visalakshi, Ayyanar with consorts, Vishnu with consorts, Veerabhadra, Arunagirinathar, Athma Linga, and Gajalakshmi are found. In the north shrine of Chandikesvarar is found. In the north east Navagraha, and in the east Pattinathar are found. In the west prakara Muruga with his consorts is found. In the kosta, Kongana Siddha, Dakshinamurthi, Lingodbhava, Brahma, Durga and Bhikshatana are found.

## Presiding deity

As so many Iluppai trees were found here this place was known as ‘Iluppaiyur’ and now called as ‘Iluppur’. The presiding deity, facing east, is known as Hemavritthisvarar and Ponvasinathar. The goddess is in standing posture, facing south, with four hands. Her upper hands hold lotus while lower hands are in abaya and varada postures. In the prakara temple trees Vilva and Makilam are found. Pujas are held four times daily at Kalasanthi (8.00 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (6.00 p.m.) and arthajamam (8.00 p.m.).

## Worshippers

Rama and Lakshmana while going in search of Sita they went through this place, which was at that time known as 'Mathu Kavanam' and did Linga puja. As Guru worshipped the presiding deity he was known as Ponvasinathar.

## Festivals

The temple is opened for worship from 7.00 to 12.00 noon and 4.00 to 8.00 p.m. During the Tamil month of Chitirai, 10 day Brahmotsavam held. On eighth day celestial wedding of the deities, on the ninth day car festival and on 10th day Tiruvathirai are held. During these days the processional deities would go around the temple. NavaratriPanguni Uthiram are also held in this temple.
# Robert de Losinga

Robert de Losinga may refer to
* Another name for Robert the Lotharingian
* Robert de Losinga, Abbot of New Minster, Winchester, and father of Herbert de Losinga, Bishop of Norwich
# Ricaniidae

Ricaniidae is a family of planthopper insects, containing over 400 species worldwide. The highest diversity is in tropical Africa and Asia and in Australia, with a few species occurring in the Palearctic and Neotropical realms. It is one of the smaller families in the planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea.

## Subfamilies and genera

As of 2022, Fulgoromorpha Lists on the Web includes:

### Subfamily Pharsalinae Gnezdilov, 2009

(Neotropical - all presently monotypic)
* Pharsalus Melichar, 1906
* Ricamela Gnezdilov, 2019
* Silvanana Metcalf, 1947

### Subfamily Ricaniinae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843

* Acroprivesa Schmidt, 1912
* Alisca Stål, 1870
* Aliscella Fennah, 1969
* Apachnas Distant, 1909
* Aprivesa Melichar, 1923
* Armacia Stål, 1862
* Armilustrium Distant, 1917
* Carmentalia Distant, 1917
* Coniunctivena Stroinski, Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2011
* Cotrades Walker, 1858
* Cyamosa Stroinski, Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2011
* Deferundata Distant, 1917
* Deraulax Signoret, 1860
* Epitemna Melichar, 1898
* Epithalamium Kirkaldy, 1906
* Euricania Melichar, 1898
* Globularica Stroinski, Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2011
* Hajar Kirkaldy, 1905
* Isobium Melichar, 1906
* Janssensia Lallemand, 1950
* Kazukuru Stroinski, 2021
* Keiserana Synave, 1966
* Kruegeria Schmidt, 1911
* Lambertoniana Dmitriev, 2020
* Lugardia Distant, 1909
* Mahecania Stroinski, 2013
* Marleyia Distant, 1909
* Meliprivesa Metcalf, 1952
* Mesoricania Melichar, 1923
* Motua Distant, 1909
* Motumotua Distant, 1909
* Mulvia Stål, 1866
* Nasatus Stroinski, Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2011
* Neoprivesa Distant, 1917
* Nesomimas Fennah, 1971
* Orosanga Fennah, 1971
* Osaka Distant, 1909
* Paici Stroinski, 2010
* Parapiromis Bu, Larivière & Liang, 2010
* Paurostauria Kirby, 1900
* Plestia Stål, 1870
* Pocharica Signoret, 1860
* Pocharista Melichar, 1923
* Pochazia Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
* Pochazina Melichar, 1898
* Pochazoides Signoret, 1860
* Privesa Stål, 1862
* Ricania Germar, 1818 - type genus
* Ricanoides Zia, 1935
* Ricanopsis Melichar, 1898
* Ricanoptera Melichar, 1898
* Ricanula Melichar, 1898
* Scolypopa Stål, 1859
* Scotinax Fennah, 1969
* Semestra Jacobi, 1916
* Sensorica Stroinski, 2021
* Syndetica Bergroth, 1920
* Tarehylava Stroinski, 2021
* Tarundia Stål, 1859
* Trysanor Williams & Fennah, 1980

### Subfamily incertae sedis

* Jeromicanus Stroinski, 2020
* Five extinct monotypic genera

## Gallery

* Pochazia fasciata, Ghana
* Ricania speculum, India
* Ricanoptera fenestrata, Indonesia
* Scolypopa australis nymph
# Jannine Jennky

Jannine Jennky was a French racing driver.
She initially entered hillclimbs, winning in Gaillon near Rouen in 1927, and in Paris in 1928.
She made a successful debut in motor racing, finishing third in the 1927 Grand Prix de la Baule
Her only major win was in the 1928 Coupe de Bourgogne, in Dijon, a race which counted towards the French Championship that year. She beat Louis Chiron, who crashed out of the race after 22 of the 28 laps. Jennky also set the fastest lap of the race.
# Rebih

Rebih is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aboubaker Rebih (born 1983), Algerian footballer
* Krimo Rebih (1932–2012), Algerian footballer
# Phanerochersa

Phanerochersa amphignosta is a moth in the family Copromorphidae, and the only species in the genus Phanerochersa. It is found on New Ireland.
The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are grey somewhat mixed light brownish, with transverse pale leaden striae, and a series of small indistinct black dots between these. The costal edge on the posterior two-thirds is white with black marks and dots and there is an elongate dark grey spot in the middle of the disc, with an elongate white spot resting on it above. The hindwings are grey with an elongate black mark on the tornal edge.
# Jefferson Peres

José Jefferson Carpinteiro Peres (18 March 1932 – 23 May 2008), commonly known as Jefferson Peres, was a Brazilian professor and politician and a member of the Brazilian Senate (Senado Federal).

## Career

In the 2006 presidential election, Peres was the vice-presidential candidate for the Democratic Labour Party (PDT), supporting Cristovam Buarque's presidential candidacy.
Péres was involved in a popular movement to nationalize the oil industry in Brazil in the 1950s.
He opposed the reconstruction of the BR-319 highway through Brazil's rain forest. He called for the replacement of the "wholly artificial" Manaus industrial park (which exists in part because of tax incentives) with production of goods from local raw materials.
In 1988 he became the councilman of Manaus and held that position until he was elected to the Senate in 1994.
Outside politics Peres was dean of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas School of Social Studies in the 1970s. He taught economics in the same institution.
# Salvation Army Building (Spokane, Washington)

The Salvation Army Building is a historic building in Spokane, Washington. It was built in 1921, and designed by Archibald G. Rigg. It belonged to The Salvation Army until 1973. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 22, 2000.