# Mohammad Haleem

Muhammad Haleem (Urdu: محمد حلیم), LL.D. (HC), HI (1 January 1925 – 11 August 2006) was a Pakistani jurist who served as the 10th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 1981 to 1989, the longest serving Chief Justice in the history of the judicial branch in Pakistan. He was even endorsed by successive future regimes in Pakistan.

## Early life

Haleem was born in Lucknow, British India, he was the son of Barrister Muhammad Wasim, the first Advocate General of Pakistan, and the pre-independence Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh. Prior to entering legal practice he served as a lieutenant in the Pakistan Navy.

## Education

He received a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws degrees from Lucknow University in 1946, and a Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) degree from Karachi University in 1990.

## Supreme Court Tenure

While on the Supreme Court and prior to his nomination as Chief Justice, Haleem was one of the Supreme Court judges sitting on the bench which heard the Appeal from the Lahore High Court which handed down the death penalty to former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was one of three judges in the dissenting minority which voted to acquit Bhutto. However, the majority opinion was to uphold the conviction, which ultimately led to Bhutto's execution.
He was the chief justice of Pakistan from 25 March 1981 to 31 December 1989. As Chief Justice of Pakistan, he wrote the famous judgment in Benazir Bhutto's court case which made the holding of 1988 Pakistani general election possible. On 15 September 2006, paying tribute to Justice Haleem, Chief Justice of Pakistan in 2006, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry observed that Justice Haleem, without fear and favor, had helped Pakistan, with his judgment, get back on rails of parliamentary democracy in 1988.

## Awards

He was awarded Hilal-i-Imtiaz in 1996 by the Government of Pakistan.

## Positions held

* Pleader
* Assistant Advocate General (1963)
* Judge, High Court of West Pakistan (1969)
* Judge, Supreme Court of Pakistan (1977)
* Chief Justice of Pakistan (1981–1989)
* Chairman, Pakistan Law Commission
* Chairman, Indus Water Commission
* Chairman, Supreme Judicial Council
* acted as President of Pakistan on several occasions during 1981–1984

## Publications

Work papers on:
* The Proper Role of the International Court of Justice in the Law of the World Eleventh Conference of the World Peace through Law, Cairo, Egypt, September 1983
* The Challenge of Social Justice: The Third International Conference of Appellate Judges, New Delhi, India, 5–8 March 1984
* Intellectual Property Issues in Pakistan: International Property Colloquium of Judges in Asia and the Pacific, held under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization at Sydney (Australia), 8–12 October 1984
* The Advisory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice: Twelfth Conference of The World Peace Through Law Center, West Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, 21–26 July 1985
* The Development of Deep Sea Resources: Twelfth Conference of the World Peace Through Law Center, West Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, 21–26 July 1985
* Management of Supreme Court: Lawasia Conference of the Chief Justices on Management of Courts, Penang, Malaysia, 19–22 August 1985
* Public Interest Litigation – Is it an Unruly Horse? Ninth Lawasia Conference, New Delhi, India, 7–12 October 1985
* Law, Justice and Society: Fifth Pakistan Jurists Conference, Karachi, 28–30 March 1986
* The Judiciary and the Intellectual Property System: Regional Forum of Judges organized jointly by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Judges of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Association with the Law Association for Asia and the Western Pacific (LAWASIA) and with the assistance of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Islamabad, 5 to 9 October 1986
* Court as the Guardian of the Constitution: Fourth International Conference of Appellate Judges, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20–24 April 1987
* Protecting and Expanding the Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice: Thirteenth Biennial World Conference, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6–11 September 1987
* Transnational Terrorism: Thirteenth Biennial World Conference, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6–11 September 1987
* Address Delivered at the Second Conference of the Chief Justices of the LAWASIA region - South East Asian and the Western Pacific Countries, Islamabad, 18–22 October 1987
* The Domestic Application of International Human Rights Norms: Judicial Colloquium held under the auspices of the Commonwealth Secretariat, London, at Bangalore, India, 24–26 February 1988
* Permanent Sovereignty and International Responsibility: International Symposium on Legal Aspects of New International Economic Order, held at Islamabad, Pakistan, 14 March 1989