# Lianyungang

Lianyungang (simplified Chinese: 连云港; traditional Chinese: 連雲港; pinyin: Liányúngǎng) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives from Lian Island, the largest island in Jiangsu which lies off its coastline, and Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu, a few miles from the city center, and the fact that it is a port. The name can be literally translated as the Port Connecting the Clouds.
Lianyungang was home to 4.65 million inhabitants as of the 2020 census whom 1,210,767 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Haizhou and Lianyun counties. Lianyungang was known in the West as Haichow (Postal romanization), which means the City of Sea. Haichow was opened to foreign trade by the Qing imperial government in 1905.

## Geography

Lianyungang is between 118°24' and 119°48' east longitude and 34°11' and 35°07' north latitude. Lianyungang covers an area of 7,777 km$^2$ (3,003 sq mi).Lianyungang City is located in the central coastal area of China, in the northeastern part of Jiangsu Province. It borders the Yellow Sea in the east, faces North Korea, South Korea and Japan across the sea, borders Rizhao City in Shandong Province in the north, Linyi City in Shandong Province and Xuzhou City in Jiangsu Province in the west, and Suqian City, Huai'an City and Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province in the south.

## Administration

The prefecture-level city of Lianyungang administers six county-level divisions, including three districts and three counties.
Map :
| Lianyun Haizhou Ganyu Donghai County Guanyun County Guannan County Disputed islands with Rizhao in Shandong. ||||||
| Subdivision | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| City Proper ||||||
| Lianyun District | 连云区 | Liányún Qū | 292,762 | 805.9 | 363.3 |
| Haizhou District | 海州区 | Hǎizhōu Qū | 918,005 | 690.6 | 1,329 |
| Suburban ||||||
| Ganyu District | 赣榆区 | Gànyú Qū | 1,003,844 | 1,454 | 690.4 |
| Donghai County | 东海县 | Dōnghǎi Xiàn | 1,047,357 | 2,031 | 515.7 |
| Rural ||||||
| Guanyun County | 灌云县 | Guànyún Xiàn | 725,047 | 1,551 | 467.5 |
| Guannan County | 灌南县 | Guànnán Xiàn | 612,345 | 1,028 | 595.7 |
| Total | Total | Total | 4.65 million | 7,560 | 608.4 |
| Dissolved district: Xinpu District ||||||

## Economy

Lianyungang is one of the first 14 Chinese coastal cities opening to the outside world and a rising center of industry, foreign trade, and tourism in east China. It is the eastern terminus of the New Eurasian Land Bridge and the proposed Northern East West Freight Corridor. The New Eurasia Continental Landbridge continue by land, connecting Lianyungang with over 40 countries and regions in Europe, South Asia and the Middle East by railway networks.
The Lianyun-Port, in the center of the coast, links eastern sea routes with western land routes. Japan and South Korea in the east can be reached economically and conveniently from Lianyungang. Near the port, the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant is one of the biggest nuclear power plants in China, with two operational units and six more planned. Lianyungang is also rich in mineral resources. Donghai County has 70% of the national reserve of natural crystal, and is manufacturing 80% of China's crystal products.
The Chinese government has stated its intention to build an economic belt along the New Eurasia Continental Landbridge in "the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the National Economy and Social Development and the Long-range Goal for the Year 2010." On "China's 21st Century Agenda", Lianyungang is to be developed into an international seaport linking countries on the Pacific rim with those in Central Asia. In the "National Ocean Development Plan" it is listed as one of three special development zones.
Lianyungang Economic & Technological Development Zone was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of state-level development zones in December 1984. It is in the eastern new seashore urban area of Liangyungang City. The distance to the nearest airport, Liangyungang Airport is 10–20 km (6.2–12.4 mi) and the distance to the nearest highway G310 is 10–20 km (6.2–12.4 mi). Lianyungang port is 20–50 km (12–31 mi).
On July 18, 2019, began a construction on a large petrochemical storage dock in the Xuwei area of the port of Lianyungang.

## Climate

The temperature in Lianyungang can reach average highs of 30 °C in the summer and drop to as low as −4 °C in the winter. Lianyungang's climate is classified by Köppen and Geiger as Cwa (humid subtropical climate with dry winters). Due to the regulation of the ocean, the climate type is a humid monsoon climate with slightly maritime climate characteristics. Climate characteristics: four distinct seasons, cold and dry in winter, hot and rainy in summer. There is sufficient sunlight and moderate rainfall.
The vast majority of precipitation occurs between June and August, where it can measure up to 278mm of rainfall on average. Winter precipitation is quite low, making snowfall rare and short-lived. Extremes since 1961 have ranged from a record high of 40.2 °C (104 °F) on July 15, 2002, to a record low of −18.1 °C (−1 °F) on 5 February 1969.
Climate data for Lianyungang, elevation 5 m (16 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 28.0 (82.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.9 (100.2) | 40.2 (104.4) | 37.8 (100.0) | 35.8 (96.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 27.7 (81.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 40.2 (104.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 14.7 (58.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 19.6 (67.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) | 3.4 (38.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 24.1 (75.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 3.2 (37.8) | 14.8 (58.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) | −0.6 (30.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 15.3 (59.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.7 (74.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 12.6 (54.7) | 5.8 (42.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | 10.8 (51.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.3 (9.9) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −9.1 (15.6) | −1.4 (29.5) | 5.5 (41.9) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 15.6 (60.1) | 9.7 (49.5) | −0.1 (31.8) | −7.1 (19.2) | −12.1 (10.2) | −18.1 (−0.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17.5 (0.69) | 22.3 (0.88) | 33.0 (1.30) | 42.5 (1.67) | 63.9 (2.52) | 106.6 (4.20) | 252.5 (9.94) | 198.5 (7.81) | 79.7 (3.14) | 33.4 (1.31) | 36.0 (1.42) | 18.7 (0.74) | 904.6 (35.62) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 86.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 8.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 66 | 64 | 65 | 69 | 74 | 82 | 83 | 76 | 70 | 69 | 66 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 156.8 | 156.8 | 200.2 | 220.7 | 232.1 | 193.8 | 182.7 | 192.2 | 190.7 | 189.2 | 159.4 | 160.0 | 2,234.6 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 50 | 50 | 54 | 56 | 54 | 45 | 42 | 47 | 52 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 51 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Tourism
### Lian Island Resort

One of the most popular tourist attractions in Lianyungang and the only AAAA-Class beachfront in Jiangsu Province, Lian Island (Chinese: 连岛; pinyin: lián dǎo) is a beautiful island connected to Lianyun District by a 6.7 km (4.2 mi) sea dyke, the longest in China. The natural scenery of Liandao is beautiful and charming, integrating green mountains, blue sea, lush forests, sea-eroded rocks, natural beaches, and cultural landscapes of island fishing villages. The climate is mild, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. The four seasons are pleasant, and the air is fresh and pure, rich in negative ions. , the forest coverage rate reaches 80%. According to national standards, the water temperature suitable for swimming is 108 days in a year. Liandao has a monsoon marine climate transitioning from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone. It is close to the Haizhou Bay fishery. It has a wide variety of plants, abundant seafood, and unique resource advantages of sea erosion geology. There are two main beach and swimming areas, several places to eat, as well as hotels. Lian Island is home to an annual music extravaganza featuring some of China's most famous pop stars.

### Huaguo Mountain

Lianyungang City, where Huaguoshan Scenic Area is located, is located in the middle of China's thousands of miles of maritime territory, in the northeast of Jiangsu Province, bordering the Yellow Sea to the east, the Central Plains to the west, Qilu to the north, Jianghuai to the south, and facing Japan and the Korean Peninsula across the sea. The scenic area covers an area of 75.39 square kilometers and has 136 peaks. Among them, the Yunu Peak of Huaguo Mountain is the highest peak in Jiangsu Province, with an altitude of 624.4 meters and majestic cliffs.
Lianyungang is famous for its "Huaguo Shan, Shuilian Dong" (花果山水簾洞) attraction. Shuiliandong literally means the "Water Curtain Hole," since, according to legend, the hole was hidden behind a waterfall, therefore resembling a "curtain of water."
The hole is famous because according to legend it is the home of Sun Wukong, commonly known as the Monkey King from the epic novel Journey to the West. In this hole, underneath the mountain is where he and his monkey subjects lived. After learning Tao, the Monkey King travelled back to the hole so that he and his subjects could eat and play for eternity. Eventually, the Jade Emperor sent heavenly armies to battle him at this spot because of his misdeeds. While the Monkey King story is a work of fiction, Xuanzang, the monk whom he accompanies on the journey of the novel, was based on a historical person.

### Jade Girl Peak

Jade Girl Peak, with an altitude of 625 meters, was formed during the Paleozoic Era. The name of Jade Girl Peak comes from the fact that Jade Girl Peak stands tall and tall for dozens of feet, and looks like a graceful girl from a distance.

## Transport

Lianyungang has convenient transport including highway, railways, port and airport. It is one of the 42 major transportation hub cities in China.

### Airport

Lianyungang Huaguoshan International Airport, 20 km (12 mi) south of downtown Lianyungang, provides scheduled passenger service to dozens of airports in China. Lianyungang Baitabu Airport (IATA: LYG, ICAO: ZSLG) was a dual-use military and public airport serving the city of Lianyungang. All flights were transferred to Lianyungang Huaguoshan Airport on 2 December 2021.

### Railway

Lianyungang is the eastern end of the Longhai Railway (formerly the Lunghai Railway), connecting it with Lanzhou in central China. As a major arterial east–west railway in China, it runs from Lianyungang to Lanzhou, Gansu through the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, and Gansu, covering a total length of 1,759 km.
Lianyungang-Xuzhou High speed Railway, connecting Lianyungang and the important provincial transportation hub of Xuzhou, is under construction. The length of this railway is 180 km (110 mi) and the speed standard is 350 km/h (220 mph).
Qingdao-Yancheng High speed Railway, part of China's Coastal High-speed Railway, goes through Lianyungang. The length of this railway is 429 km and the speed standard is 200 km/h.
Lianyungang-Nanjing/Zhenjiang High speed Railway connects Lianyungang and the provincial capital, Nanjing. The length of this railway is 300 km (190 mi) and the speed standard is 250 km/h (160 mph).

### Expressway

Lianyungang is the intersection of G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway, G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway and G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway.

### Port

Lianyungang port is among the 10 largest ports in China and the 30 largest port in the world. The cargo throughput of Lianyungang port is 210 million ton/year (2015). The container throughput is 5 million TEU/year (2015). The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to the south via Singapore towards the southern tip of India, to Mombasa, then through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean with its connections to Central and Eastern Europe. Lianyungang Port connects the Yangtze River Delta to the south, the Bohai Bay to the north, Northeast Asia to the east across the sea, the central and western parts of the country to the west, and direct access to Central Asia and Europe. It is at the intersection of east–west communication and sea-land transformation. It is the eastern bridgehead and the new Eurasian Continental Bridge. It is one of the three main ports in my country's coastal major ports, regional central ports and the Yangtze River Delta port group.

## Notable people

* Chen Qinggang (born 1966), journalist and newspaper bureau chief
* Zhong Huijuan (born 1961), pharmaceutical entrepreneur
* He Bingjiao (born 1997), Chinese badminton player

## Sister Cities

* Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
* Greater Geelong, Australia
* Mokpo, South Korea
* Napier, New Zealand
* Sabadell, Spain
* Saga, Japan
* Sakai, Japan
* Volzhsky, Russia