OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dendra

Dendra (Greek: Δενδρά) is a prehistoric archaeological site situated outside the village with the same name belonging to the municipality of Midea in the Argolid, Greece.
The site has a history stretching back at least to the early Bronze Age and is significant for the Bronze Age cemetery excavated by Swedish archaeologist Axel W. Persson in the first half of the 20th century. Persson excavated an unplundered tholos tomb and many Mycenaean chamber tombs, presumably belonging to the ruling classes having their dwelling at the nearby citadel of Midea.
Subsequent excavations (following partly successful attempts to plunder the unexcavated tombs) unearthed the unique and exquisite Dendra panoply of bronze armour, currently exhibited at the Archaeological Museum in nearby Nafplio. Later excavations also brought to light Bronze Age tumulus burials which included sacrificed horses.
# Noor Abuarafeh

Noor Abuarafeh (Arabic: نور أبو عرفة, Hebrew: נור אבוארפה; born 1986, Jerusalem) is a Palestinian visual artist who works primarily with video installation, performance, and text-based art. Her work explores themes of memory, imagination, and the construction and interpretation of history.

## Education

Abuarafeh earned a bachelor's degree in fine arts from Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design. After graduating, she participated in the Homeworks Space Program, a one-year program at Ashkal Alwan in Lebanon.

## Career

Much of Abuarafeh's work is concerned with memory and archives, particularly the politics of what is included or excluded from archives. Abuarafeh is also interested in Palestinian art as a whole, especially how artwork made in Palestine reached Europe.
In 2017, she wrote the novel 'The Earth Doesn't Tell Its Secrets' -- His Father Once Said for the Sharjah Biennial 13.
In 2018, Abuarafeh competed a residency at the Delfina Foundation in London. As part of this residency, she published Rumours Began Some Time Ago, which detailed her residential research.
Abuarafeh's 2018 video piece, "Am I the ageless object at the museum?" was shown at the 2019 Mediterranea Biennale, the 11th Berlin Biennale (2020), the 59th Venice Biennale (2021), the Kamel Lazaar Foundation in Tunisia (2023), and the Fries Museum (2023-2024).
Abuarafeh had her first solo exhibition in 2019, at the Al Ma'mal Foundation for Contemporary Art in Jerusalem. In 2021, Abuarafeh had a solo exhibition at the Behna El Wekalah art space in Alexandria, Egypt. In 2023, Abuarafeh held her first solo exhibition in Germany at Kunstverein München. Her work was included in the exhibition, Defenders of the Homeland, at the B7L9 Art Station in January 2023.
Abuarafeh is a member of the Sharjah Art Foundation and has received a grant from the Arab Fund for Arts and Culture.
# Paolo Boselli

Paolo Boselli (Italian:; 8 June 1838 – 10 March 1932) was an Italian politician who served as the 34th prime minister of Italy during World War I.

## Biography

Boselli was born in Savona, Liguria. Boselli was the first professor of science at the University of Rome prior to entering politics. He served for 51 years as a liberal rightist parliamentary deputy, and as a senator from 1921. Appointed Minister of Education in 1888, Boselli reorganised the Bank of Italy with his next portfolio, as Minister of the Treasury in 1899. He also served in Sidney Sonnino's 1906 government.
In June 1916, he was a relatively undistinguished center-right politician and one of the oldest members of the Italian parliament, when he was appointed prime minister, following the collapse of the Salandra government as a result of military defeats. Boselli formed an ideologically broad coalition composed of one Catholic, one republican, two reformist socialists, two radicals, five left-wing liberals, and six conservative-liberals.
His government fell in October 1917 as a result of the military defeat in the Battle of Caporetto, in which Italy lost some 800,000 men, all of the conquest made so far in World War I, as well as Friuli and parts of the Veneto. Boselli had been a strong supporter of commander-in-chief Luigi Cadorna, who was also fired in the aftermath of Caporetto.
During Boselli's time as prime minister, a decree of August 1917 extended the principle of compulsory insurance against accidents to agricultural workers generally. He died in Rome on 10 March 1932, and was buried in Turin.
# Frances Edmonds

Frances Eileen Edmonds is a British writer known for her books Another Bloody Tour: England in the West Indies (1986) and Cricket XXXX Cricket (1987), which detail her experiences touring with her husband, former England cricketer Phil Edmonds.
She appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 9 August 1987, in conversation with Michael Parkinson.

## Education

Edmonds matriculated at New Hall, Cambridge, in 1970 and graduated with a master's degree in Modern and Medieval Languages.
She is a fellow at the Distinguished Careers Institute, Stanford University.

## Personal life

Edmonds has two younger brothers, both of whom are ophthalmologists. Her older brother is the physician Kieran Moriarty CBE, FRCP, FRCPI.
Edmonds married the former England cricketer Phil Edmonds towards the end of 1976. They have a daughter.
# Suave (Kiss Me)

"Suave (Kiss Me)" is a song by American singer Nayer featuring Swedish-Congolese singer-songwriter Mohombi and American rapper Pitbull. It was released on August 2, 2011 by Mr. 305 and 2101 Records (Universal Music). Produced by RedOne and Jimmy Joker, the song interpolates elements from the 1998 Elvis Crespo song "Suavemente". It follows Pitbull's Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, "Give Me Everything" which featured additional vocals by Nayer. The song has charted at number 34 on the Canadian Hot 100.

## Music video

The official music video was released onto Nayer's official VEVO channel on October 31, 2011.
It features Nayer in black dress, with Mohombi, in a white dress, with Pitbull. It also features an island themed style, and with Mohombi in sleeveless shirts, Nayer in a black catsuit, and Pitbull in white suit. It also features some scenes in black and white. A cave scene was filmed at the end, with Nayer and Mohombi dancing in it.
As of June 2020, the video has received over 53 million views.

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Suave (Kiss Me)" – 3:42

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 27 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 34 |
| France (SNEP) | 49 |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 22 |
| Slovakia (IFPI) | 5 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Spain | August 2, 2011 | Digital download | Mr. 305, 2101 Records |
| United States | August 2, 2011 | Digital download | Mr. 305, 2101 Records |
| United Kingdom | August 2, 2011 | Digital download | Mr. 305, 2101 Records |
# Donald Trumps

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#REDIRECT Donald Trump
# Mon rêve de toujours

"Mon rêve de toujours" (lit. "My Everlasting Dream") is the second single from Celine Dion's album Mélanie. It was released in September 1984 in Quebec, Canada and also in France. The song entered the Quebec Singles Chart on 22 September 1984 and reached number 4, spending twenty one weeks on the chart. "Mon rêve de toujours" was also released as a single in France to promote Dion's second album in that country called Les oiseaux du bonheur. The song was also featured on the compilation Les premières années.

## Track listing and formats

* Canadian 7-inch single
* "Mon rêve de toujours" – 4:17
* "Chante-moi" – 3:21
* French 7-inch single
* "Mon rêve de toujours" – 4:20
* "Les oiseaux du bonheur" – 3:40

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Quebec (ADISQ) | 4 |
# Kossar's Bialys

Kossar's Bialys (Kossar's Bialystoker Kuchen Bakery) located at 367 Grand Street (and Essex Street), on the Lower East Side in Manhattan, New York City, is the oldest bialy bakery in the United States.

## Background

The bialy gets its name from the "Bialystoker Kuchen" of Białystok, in present-day Poland. Polish Jewish bakers who arrived in New York City in the late 19th century and early 20th century made an industry out of their recipe for the mainstay bread rolls baked in every household.

## History

Kossar's Bialys, originally known as Mirsky and Kossar's when Isadore Mirsky and Morris Kossar founded it in 1936, is one of the few remnants of what was once its own industry in New York City with its own union association and an owners' alliance known the Bialy Bakers Association, Inc.
Originally located at 145 Clinton Street in Manhattan's Lower East Side, Kossar's Bialys moved to its current location at Grand and Essex Streets in the early 1960s after a union dispute and subsequent fire destroyed the building.
Juda Engelmayer, Debra Engelmayer, Daniel Cohen, and Malki Cohen purchased the bakery from Morris Kossar's son-in-law and daughter, Daniel and Gloria Kossar Scheinin in 1998.
In 2013, Evan Giniger and David Zablocki purchased the bakery from the Engelmayers and Cohens. After the sale, the new owners made a number of upgrades and changes to the store, including expanding the menu and making the decision to no longer operate as a kosher establishment.
Kossar's has a history of employing many female cashiers from the Philippines and employees from other countries as well. Many of these employees worked at the bakery for decades and still work at the bakery.

## In popular culture

Kossar's Bialys was the starting point for former New York Times food critic Mimi Sheraton's research for her 2002 book, The Bialy Eaters: The Story of a Bread and a Lost World.
Kossar's Bialys is on the Lower East Side and Lower Manhattan tour circuit.
# Luigi Guglielmo Cambray-Digny

Luigi Guglielmo Cambray-Digny (8 April 1820 – 11 December 1906) was an Italian politician. He was born in Florence and he was the first mayor of his hometown. He was also the Minister of Finance from 1867 to 1869 and a member of the Italian Senate from 1860. He was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
# Patrick Sims-Williams

Patrick Sims-Williams is Emeritus Professor of Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth University and founding editor of the journal Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies.

## Education

Sims-Williams was educated at Borden Grammar School in Sittingbourne, Kent. He took a B.A. at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, achieving upper-second-class honours in the Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic tripos in 1972, followed by a PhD at the University of Birmingham.$^{:35n.130}$ His twin brother Nicholas Sims-Williams is a scholar of Central Asia.

## Career

Following the early retirement of the Celticist Rachel Bromwich from Cambridge's Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at the end of 1976, Sims-Williams was appointed to a University Assistant Lectureship in the Department from the beginning of 1977.$^{:35}$ He was promoted to a University Lectureship in 1980 and his position made permanent in 1982. In the assessment of Michael Lapidge, "it was characteristic of" the head of department at the time, Peter Clemoes, "to have appointed a younger scholar with interdisciplinary range over the Celtic languages and literatures as well as Anglo-Saxon history, rather than a dedicated specialist [...] in Old Irish or Medieval Welsh".$^{:35n.130}$
Sims-Williams was promoted to Reader in Celtic and Anglo-Saxon in 1993.$^{:35n.130}$ During the same period, he was a Fellow of St John's College. As 1993 closed, he left Cambridge, taking up the position of Professor of Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth University at the beginning of 1994.$^{:38}$ In 1981, while at Cambridge, he founded the journal Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies, renaming it Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies in 1993 upon his move to Wales.
Sims-Williams was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1996, and is a member of the Medieval Studies and Linguistics and Philology sections. From 1998 to 2008 he acted for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales as a commissioner and in 2011 became president of the International Congress of Celtic Studies. He was made an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy in 2021.
Sims-Williams has won a number of prizes, including the British Academy's Sir Israel Gollancz Prize in 1992 (for his book Religion and Literature in Western England, 600–800), the Antiquity Prize of 1999 for 1998's 'Best Paper' (for his article 'Genetics, Linguistics and Prehistory: Thinking Big and Thinking Straight', the Cambrian Archaeological Association's G. T. Clark Award in 1992 (for his book The Celtic Inscriptions of Britain: Phonology and Chronology, c. 400–1200), the Vernam Hull Prize in 2011 (for his book Irish Influence on Medieval Welsh Literature), and Jesus College, Oxford's Francis Jones Prize (for his book The Book of Llandaf as a Historical Source).

## Publications

A list of Sims-Williams's publications, complete up to 2022, can be found here. Subsequent publications include:
* Sims-Williams, Patrick (ed. and trans.), The Medieval Welsh ‘Englynion y Beddau’. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2023. ISBN 9781843847069.
# Catt

Catt or CATT may refer to:

## People

* Alfred Catt (1833–1919), Australian parliamentarian
* Anthony Catt (1933–2018), English cricketer
* Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947), American women's suffrage leader
* Helena Catt, New Zealand public servant and academic
* Ian Catt (fl. 1990s), British record producer and musician
* Mike Catt (born 1971), English rugby player
* Nathan Catt (born 1988), English rugby union player

## Acronyms

* Card agglutination test for trypnosomiasis or card-agglutination trypanosomiasis test, a serologic test used to detect human African trypanosomiasis
* Center for Advanced Transportation Technology, at the University of Maryland
* Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement, an economics research organisation at the University of Pau, France
* Children's Accelerated Trauma Technique, a treatment for PTSD in children
* China Academy of Telecommunications Technology, a Chinese institute
* Combined Arms Tactical Trainer, a British Army training installation
* New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications, at Polytechnic Institute of New York University
# Otopetrin family

The otopetrin family is a group of proteins that were first identified based on their essential role in the vestibular system, and were later shown to form proton-selective ion channels expressed in many different tissues, including taste receptor cells. They are named after the Greek word "o̱tós," which means ear and "pétrā," which means rock, in reference to their role in the formation of otoconia/otoliths in the inner ear.
The structure of otopetrin-1 (OTOP1) was predicted to include 12 transmembrane domains, with three conserved sub-domains (OD-1 to OD-III). Recently the structures of OTOP1 and OTOP3 were solved by CryoEM, which showed that the protein assembles as a dimer. The first six transmembrane domains (N-terminal domain) and the second six transmembrane domains (C-terminal) share structural similarity, such that the assembled channel adopts a pseudotetrameric stoichiometry. A permeation pathway for ions is not clear in the solved structures, which show that the central cavity is filled with lipids. Molecular dynamic simulations show that protons may permeate the channel through the N terminal domain, C terminal domain, or the interface of the two domains.
Otopetrins were initially thought to modulate calcium homeostasis and influx of calcium in response to extracellular ATP but were subsequently shown to form proton-selective ion channels.
Otopetrin 1 (OTOP1) is required for normal formation of otoconia/otoliths in the inner ear. Otoconia are minute biomineral particles embedded in a gelatinous membrane that overlies the sensory epithelium in the inner ear. Gravity and acceleration cause the octoconia to deflect the stereocilia of sensory hair cells. Otoconia are required for processing of information regarding spatial orientation and acceleration.
OTOP1 was identified as a candidate for the sour receptor in mice in 2018 and its function as a sour receptor was confirmed in subsequent studies. Despite serving as a sour taste receptor, OTOP1 is not essential for mice to respond to and avoid sour tastes.
# Tharaka-Nithi County

Tharaka-Nithi County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya. It was created from Kenya's Eastern Province. The county has an area of 2609 km$^2$ and as of the 2019 census a population of 393,177. It is home to the Meru people.
Tharaka-Nithi County is home to the Chuka, Muthambi, Mwimbi and Tharaka subgroups of the Ameru community. The people of Tharaka-Nithi County are predominantly Christian, with Catholics, Presbyterians, and Methodists being the predominant religious communities.
The county consists of three constituencies: Maara, Chuka/Igambang'ombe, and Tharaka.

## History

In 1992, Meru District was broken up into four new districts: Meru Central, Meru North, Meru South and Tharaka. Subsequently, Meru South, also known as Nithi, combined with Tharaka into the Tharaka-Nithi District. In 1998, the Tharaka-Nithi District was split into two districts, Nithi and Tharaka, but a 2009 High Court decision declared that split unconstitutional and re-combined the two. Subsequently, under the revised constitution of 2010, Tharaka-Nithi became a county.

## Economy

Like other counties surrounding Mount Kenya, the primary economic activity in Tharaka-Nithi County is farming. Crops planted include tea and coffee in the higher areas of the county while sorghum, maize, green grams and millet in the low altitude areas. Dairy farming and fish farming are also practiced in the county.

## Religion

Religion in Tharaka-Nithi County
| Religion (2019 Census) | Number |
| Catholicism | 108,266 |
| Protestantism | 172,266 |
| Evangelical churches | 70,043 |
| African-instituted churches | 18,749 |
| Orthodoxy | 2,656 |
| Other Christian | 9.114 |
| Islam | 724 |
| Hinduism | 9 |
| Traditionism | 251 |
| Other | 4,082 |
| No religion or atheism | 4.461 |
| Don't know | 615 |
| Not stated | 67 |

## Prominent personalities

* Bernard Mate, politician; member of the Legislative Council and Parliament
* Muthomi Njuki, governor of Tharaka-Nithi County
* Kithure Kindiki, Deputy president, politician; former Senator and former Cabinet Secretary of Interior and Administration
* Mzalendo Kibunjia, archaeologist and museum director
* James Ngugi, entrepreneur and economist
* Erastus Njoka, politician and former and founding vice chancellor of Chuka University.
* Peter K. Muriungi, the first and founding vice chancellor of Tharaka University.
# Francesco Ferrara

Francesco Ferrara (1810–1900) was an Italian economist, and political scientist. He helped introduce the classical economic theories of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and J. S. Mill into Italian scholarship. However, Ferrara was an early opponent of the Labour Theory of Value of Adam Smith, David Ricardo and James and J.S. Mill.
# Avalanche (blockchain platform)

Avalanche is a decentralized, open-source Layer-1 blockchain platform developed by Ava Labs and launched in September 2020. It is designed to support fast, scalable, and secure decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts.
Avalanche’s architecture features three core blockchains—the X-Chain (Exchange Chain), C-Chain (Contract Chain), and P-Chain (Platform Chain)—working together to respectively manage assets (sending of funds), smart contracts, and network coordination, making it a flexible competitor to platforms like Ethereum.
Known for its Avalanche Consensus mechanism, it blends classical and Nakamoto consensus methods to deliver high transaction speeds (throughput), low delays (latency), and strong decentralization, processing thousands of transactions per second with near-instant finality.

## History

Avalanche was conceptualized as a consensus protocol that operates efficiently in a network of unreliable machines, addressing both crash-faults and Byzantine faults. The foundations of Avalanche were first shared in May 2018 through the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) by a pseudonymous group known as "Team Rocket".
Avalanche was later developed by researchers from Cornell University, led by Emin Gün Sirer and doctoral students Maofan "Ted" Yin and Kevin Sekniqi. After the initial release phase, they founded a startup technology company to develop a blockchain network that would meet finance industry requirements. In March, 2020, the AVA codebase, part of the Developer Accelerator Program or AVA DAP) for the Avalanche consensus protocol, was released as open-source and made publicly available.
In September 2021, the Ava labs foundation secured a $230 million from a consortium including Polychain Capital and Three Arrows Capital through the purchase of the AVAX cryptocurrency.
In November 2021, following an agreement with Deloitte to improve U.S. disaster-relief funding, the Avalanche blockchain entered the top 10 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization.
In January 2023, a partnership was announced between Avalanche and Amazon Web Services (AWS) to improve Avalanche's infrastructure and decentralized application ecosystem. Arkham Intelligence also announced a partnership with Avalanche, allowing Arkham users to analyze the activities of wallets and entities within the Avalanche ecosystem.
In August 2022, the whistleblower group "Crypto Leaks" published a report alleging that Ava Labs had entered secret agreements with Kyle Roche of Roche Freedmen law firm with the intent to legally undermine Avalanche's competitors. Emin Gün Sirer, the CEO of Ava Labs, denied any involvement in illegal or unethical dealings with Roche Freedmen law firm.
In August 2024, Avalanche partnered with Tixbase and Passolig to implement blockchain technology in Turkey’s ticketing industry. The collaboration integrates blockchain-verified tickets into Passolig's system, which handles ticketing for Süper Lig and other events, while also addressing secondary market regulation and introducing NFT-based digital tickets.
In December 2024, Avalanche raised $250 million (USD) through token sale for Avalanche9000 upgrade.