OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Emmanuel IV

Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 16 October 1796 until 1802, when he abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I.

## Early life

Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia was born in Turin, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia, and of his wife Infanta Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain. From his birth to his succession to the throne of Sardinia in 1796, Charles Emmanuel was styled "Prince of Piedmont".
In 1775, Charles Emmanuel married Clotilde of France, the sister of King Louis XVI of France. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.

## Reign

At the death of his father (14 October 1796), Charles Emmanuel succeeded as King of Sardinia. The kingdom included not only the island of Sardinia but also significant territories in northwest Italy including all of Piedmont.
At his succession to the throne in 1796, Sardinia had been forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris (1796) with the French Republic, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 the French, under Joubert, occupied Turin and forced Charles Emanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia, which stayed out of the reach of the French army. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain Piedmont. He and his wife lived in Rome and in Naples as guests of the wealthy Colonna family.

## Post-abdication

On 7 March 1802, Charles Emmanuel's wife, Clotilde of France, died, he was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate, on 4 June 1802, in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of king. He lived in Rome and in the nearby town of Frascati.
In Frascati he was a frequent guest of his cousin Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York, last member of the royal House of Stuart. Charles was descended from Henrietta Anne Stuart, the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England, whereas Henry Benedict Stuart was descended from Henrietta Anne's brother James II. When Henry died in 1807, Charles Emmanuel became the heir-general of Charles I, and thus inherited the Jacobite claim to the British thrones. Unlike his three predecessors, however, neither he nor his successors ever made any attempt to claim the throne.
In 1815, at the age of sixty-four, Charles Emmanuel took simple vows in the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). He was never ordained to the priesthood but lived the rest of his life at the Jesuit novitiate in Rome.
Charles Emmanuel died at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome on 6 October 1819. He is buried in the Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale.
# Paki Afu

Pakisonasi Afu (born 7 September 1990) is a professional rugby footballer who has represented Tonga in rugby league and Tonga A in rugby union. He is contracted to Austin Elite Rugby to play Major League Rugby in the United States. Afu previously played rugby league in the NSW Cup for New Zealand Warriors and Wyong Roos as a prop. His usual position in rugby union is centre.

## Early life

Pakisonasi Afu was born in Auckland, New Zealand. He played rugby league as an Otahuhu Leopards junior before moving to Australia in 2008.

## Playing career
### Rugby league

Afu played for the Canterbury Bulldogs in the Toyota Cup between 2008 and 2010. He was a Tongan international in 2009, and in 2010 he was named in the Junior Kiwis squad.
He signed with the Parramatta Eels for 2011 and played for the Wentworthville Magpies in the Bundaberg Red Cup. Following this, Afu went on a Mormon mission to the Philippines.
In 2014, he returned to New Zealand and the Otahuhu Leopards, playing in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 2015, after moving to the Point Chevalier Pirates, he was selected for Auckland and also played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NSW Cup. Later that year he was signed by the Sydney Roosters.
He played for the Wyong Roos, the Roosters' reserve side, in the NSW Cup in 2016.

### Rugby union

Afu switched codes to rugby union in 2017, representing Tonga A in the Pacific Challenge tournament where he scored two tries against Junior Japan, and in the Americas Pacific Challenge, scoring two tries against Canada A.
He signed with Austin Elite Rugby to play in the 2018 inaugural season of Major League Rugby in the United States.
# Electranthera mutica

Electranthera mutica is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a shrub or small tree, 0.3 to 5 m tall, which is native to the mountains of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and tropical Mexico.
It grows in montane forests, including oak forests, pine–oak forests, and thickets, and on dry hillsides, roadsides, and along streams from (400) 700 to 2800 meters elevation. It mostly flowers from June to January.

## Varieties

Ten varieties are accepted.
* Electranthera mutica var. carnosifolia (D.J.Crawford) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. guerreroana (B.L.Turner) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. holotricha (S.F.Blake) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. leptomera (Sherff) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. mexicana (DC.) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski (synonyms Electra mexicana DC. and Coreopsis mexicana Hemsl.)
* Electranthera mutica var. miahuatlana (B.L.Turner) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. microcephala (D.J.Crawford) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. multiligulata (D.J.Crawford) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
* Electranthera mutica var. mutica
* Electranthera mutica var. subvillosa (DC.) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski
# Del Latta

Delbert Leroy Latta (March 5, 1920 – May 12, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician who served 15 terms as a United States Representative from Ohio's 5th district from 1959 to 1989. A Republican, he is one of the state's longest-serving politicians as well as the father of Bob Latta, who has held his father's congressional seat since 2007.

## Life and career

Latta was born in Weston, Ohio, the son of Bessie Viola (Thompson) and Lester Latta. He attended the public schools in North Baltimore, Ohio, and graduated from McComb High School in 1938. He attended Findlay College, 1939–1940; Ohio Northern University, LL.B, 1943, and from the same university, A.B., 1945. He served in the Ohio National Guard and the United States Army, 37th Division, 1938–1941, and in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1942 and 1943.
He was admitted to the bar in 1944 and was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1953 to 1958, serving three terms. Del Latta practiced law and taught at Ohio Northern University. He was a delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention.

### Congress

He was elected as a Republican to the 86th and to the 14 succeeding Congresses from January 3, 1959, to January 3, 1989.
In the United States House of Representatives, Latta served on the Agriculture and Rules Committees, as well as being appointed to serve on the House Judiciary Committee during the Watergate hearings. He was one of ten Representatives on the Judiciary Committee supporting President Richard Nixon during impeachment hearings, voting 'no' on all three articles of impeachment. However, he turned against Nixon upon the release of the smoking gun tape, and stated he would vote for impeachment when the articles came up for vote in the full House, as did all of the Republicans who voted against impeachment in committee. Latta said that hearing Nixon's involvement in the cover-up indicated that "we certainly weren't given the truth" by the White House. He also served as the ranking Republican on the House Budget Committee from 1975 to his retirement in 1989.
In 1981, he co-sponsored the Gramm-Latta Omnibus Reconciliation Bill which implemented President Ronald Reagan's economic program, including an increase in military spending and some cuts in discretionary and mandatory spending. The law also mandated the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut).

## Legacy

In 2003, the Bowling Green, Ohio, Post Office was designated the Delbert L. Latta Post Office Building, Public Law 108-50.

## Personal life

Latta was married to the former Rose Mary Kiene, rural Pandora, Putnam County, Ohio, and they had two children, Rose Ellen and Robert (who currently serves in the congressional seat he formerly held), five grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.

## Death

He died at Bowling Green, Ohio, on May 12, 2016.
# Jan Luyken

Johannes or Jan Luyken (16 April 1649 – 5 April 1712) was a Dutch poet, illustrator, and engraver.

## Biography

He was born and died in Amsterdam, where he learned engraving from his father Kaspar Luyken. He was a child prodigy.
Luyken married at 19 and had several children, including renowned engraver Caspar Luyken. At age 26 Luyken converted to the Mennonite church, which inspired him to write moralistic poetry.

## Works

Luyken illustrated the 1685 edition of the Martyrs Mirror with 104 copper etchings. Thirty of these plates survive and were part of The Mirror of the Martyrs exhibit.
He also published Het Menselyk Bedryf ("The Book of Trades") in 1694, which contains numerous engravings of 17th-century trades by Luiken and his son Caspar (Caspaares).

## Cultural references

Joris-Karl Huysmans' anti-hero Des Esseintes in À rebours was an admirer of Luyken's engravings and had prints from his Religious Persecutions hung in his boudoir. He described them as "a collection of appalling plates displaying all the tortures which religious fanaticism has invented." Des Esseintes was enthralled not just by Luyken's graphic depictions but his ability to reconstruct times and places in his works.

## Gallery

* Jesus the Teacher
* Caiaphas
* Serious mistreatment of Christian slaves by the Turks
* Turk and clergyman with Christian slaves (1684)
* The Cruelty of Shah Safi (1697)
* Anne Boleyn's Execution
* Alexander Farnese marries Maria Princess of Portugal (1720)
# Sun Air Express

Sun Air Express was a United States airline with its headquarters in Dania Beach, Florida in Greater Miami (the headquarters had a Fort Lauderdale mailing address). It operates charter services as well as scheduled passenger services subsidized under the federal Essential Air Service (EAS) program.
The airline ended subsidized scheduled service to Victoria Regional Airport from George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas on October 31, 2014 after its two-year EAS contract expired. A little over a month later, Sun Air began service from Washington Dulles International Airport to Lancaster Airport (Pennsylvania) and Hagerstown Regional Airport in Maryland.
Sun Air had planned to begin service between Atlanta and Middle Georgia Regional Airport in Macon, Georgia on December 1, 2012. However, the airline decided to pull out of the airport deal.
Sun Air Express had a focus city at Pittsburgh International Airport and provided frequent daily service to Altoona, Hagerstown (Maryland), Jamestown (New York), Lancaster, Bradford and Franklin/Oil City.
Upon beginning scheduled service, Sun Air Express' passenger bookings were handled by Pacific Wings and their flight listings in travel reservation systems were under Pacific Wings' IATA code, LW. On April 21, 2015, Sun Air Express flights began being handled by and listed under the code of Mokulele Airlines, (6G).
As of November 2013, Sun Air International received $6,583,848 in annual Federal subsidies for Essential Air Services that they provided to Hagerstown, Maryland, Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Victoria, Texas airports in the U.S.
On March 7, 2016, Southern Airways Express bought Sun Air Express for an undisclosed amount. It will continue the routes currently running and will keep the focus cities that were established by Sun Air. The company withdrew from its Jamestown service after losing Essential Air Service funding.

## Destinations

| State | City served | Airport | Notes |
| Pennsylvania | Altoona | Altoona–Blair County Airport | |
| Pennsylvania | Bradford | Bradford Regional Airport | |
| Pennsylvania | Franklin | Venango Regional Airport | |
| New York | Jamestown | Chautauqua County-Jamestown Airport | |
| Maryland | Hagerstown | Hagerstown Regional Airport | |
| Pennsylvania | Lancaster | Lancaster Airport (Pennsylvania) | |
| Pennsylvania | Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh International Airport | Focus City |
| Virginia Washington, D.C. | Washington, D.C. | Washington Dulles International Airport | |

## Fleet

| Aircraft | In service | Passengers | Notes |
| Piper PA-31 Navajo | 9 | 8 | |
| Cessna 208B Grand Caravan | 3 | 9 | All aircraft leased from and operated by Mokulele Airlines. |
# Domi Richardson

Dominique Elyse Richardson (born October 18, 1992) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender for Tampa Bay Sun FC of the USL Super League. She previously played in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) for the Houston Dash and NJ/NY Gotham FC (formerly Sky Blue FC).

## Club career
### Houston Dash, 2014

Richardson signed with the Houston Dash after participating in open tryouts. She played in 2 games before being released by the club in May 2014.

### FC Kansas City, 2015

Richardson signed with FC Kansas City as a discovery player in 2015. She was on the roster but never appeared in a game for FCKC. She was waived by the club on July 17, 2015

### NJ/NY Gotham FC, 2016–2022

Richardson signed with Sky Blue FC in 2016. The team changed its name to NJ/NY Gotham FC in 2021.

### Tampa Bay Sun FC, 2024–

On April 23, 2024, Richardson was announced was announced as one of the first-ever signings for Tampa Bay Sun, who will begin play in the USL Super League in August 2024. Richardson was joined by Erika Tymrak and Jordyn Listro.

## Honors

FC Kansas City
* National Women's Soccer League: 2015
# Sporopipes

Sporopipes is a genus of birds in the weaver family.

## Species

Genus Sporopipes – Cabanis, 1847 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Scaly-feathered weaver | Sporopipes squamifrons (Smith, 1836) | Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Speckle-fronted weaver | Sporopipes frontalis (Daudin, 1800) | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Gabriel Chen-Ying Ly

Gabriel Chen-Ying Ly (Chinese: 李振英; pinyin: Li Zhenying; 4 October 1929 – 18 February 2023) was a Taiwanese philosopher who was secretary-general of the Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference and president of Fu Jen Catholic University. He was a philosophy professor at Fu Jen and the National Chengchi University.
Ly died on 18 February 2023, at the age of 93.
# Latifa Ben Mansour

Latifa Ben Mansour (Arabic: لطيفة بن منصور) (born 1950 in Tlemcen) is an Algerian writer, psychoanalyst, and linguist. Her work deals with issues such as the role of women in Algerian society, Islamic extremism, storytelling, trauma, and memory.

## Biography

Having studied Linguistics at the École Normale Supérieure d'Alger, where she obtained her Ph.D. in the subject, Ben Mansour went on to teach it at the University of Paris III and communications at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.
She received the Prix méditerranéen de la nouvelle in 1996 for her short story "Le Cocu Cadi". Her novel, La Prière de la peur, 1997 (ed. La Différence) has been awarded the Prix Beur FM Méditerranée.

## Specific works

Latifa Ben Mansour's novel La Prière de la peur tells the story of Hanan, a young woman returning to her family in Algeria after living several years in France. When her plane lands, the airport is attacked by extremists and Hanan is wounded. Her legs must be amputated and she suffers from trauma associated with the attack. The novel centers around her account of her life and works and her close friendship with her cousin, also named Hanan.
Le Chant du lys et du basilic is about a young girl named Meriem who is injured in a mysterious accident. While in the hospital listening to her family around her but unable to respond, Meriem recalls the major events in her life leading up to the accident in an effort to remember what happened. The novel explores the lives of women in contemporary Algeria, giving attention to issues such as the education of girls.

## Complete bibliography

* Trente-trois Tours à son Turban (play, Rencontres Théâtrales du Niger, Mar 2003, directed by Boubacar Ibrahim Dambagi)
* Frères musulmans, frères féroces: Voyages dans l'enfer du discours islamiste (non-fiction, 2002)
* L'Année de l'Eclipse (novel, Calmann-Lévy, 2001)
* La Prière de la Peur (novel, La Différence, 1997)
* Le Chant du Lys et du Basilic (novel, J.-C. Lattès, 1990, 2nd edition by La Différence in 1998)
* Trente-trois Tours à son Turban (play, Actes-Sud-Papiers)

## Critical articles

* Jane E. Evans. 2006. "Widowhood, Motherhood, Selfhood in Latifa Ben Mansour's L'année de l'éclipse" The Selected Works of Jane E. Evans. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/jane_evans/14
* Mertz-Baumgartner, B. (2001) ‘Le rôle de la mémoire chez quelques écrivaines algériennes de l'autre rive’ In Bonn, C., Redouane, N. and Bénayoun-Szmidt, Y. (Eds.) Algérie: Nouvelles Écritures. Colloque international de l'Université York, Glendon, et de l'Université de Toronto 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 Mai 1999 Paris: L'Harmattan.
# Streamline Air

Streamline Air was an American regional-airline based at Hanscom Field in Bedford, Massachusetts. The airline started operations on April 4, 2011. Streamline operated four daily flights between its two destinations. Streamline Air, LLC. was a subsidiary of Charter Air Transport. All flights offered by Streamline were designated by the Department of Transportation as Public Charters.

## History

Streamline Air started operations on April 4, 2011. All flights were operated by Charter Air Transport, Inc. as a publicly sold air service. All flights were flown with the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia regional airliner, seating 30.
The aircraft registered N651CT was painted to represent the new Streamline brand.
The service structure was geared toward routine business travel, but the airline considered adding service to seasonal leisure destinations.
On September 15, 2012, Streamline Air ceased operations.

## Destinations

Streamline Air offered weekday service between two destinations, Hanscom Field in Bedford, Massachusetts and Trenton-Mercer Airport in Ewing, New Jersey. Effective September 14, 2012, Streamline ceased operations at Trenton-Mercer Airport. Streamline was looking to add Pease Airport in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, but was unable to begin service as desired in September due to aircraft and crew scheduling conflicts.

## Fleet

| Aircraft | Seats | Notes |
| Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia | 30 | owned by Charter Air Transport |
Streamline Air used an Embraer Brasilia turbo-prop regional aircraft for all its services.
# Jigegol station

Jigegol Station (Korean: 지게골역) is a station on the Busan Metro Line 2 in Munhyeon-dong, Nam District, Busan, South Korea.
# Sir Fynwy Torfaen (Senedd constituency)

Sir Fynwy Torfaen (Welsh for 'Monmouthshire [and] Torfaen') is a proposed six-member constituency of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) to be used for the 2026 Senedd election.
It was proposed following the 2026 review of Senedd constituencies, and will be a pairing of the two UK Parliament constituencies of Monmouthshire and Torfaen. It is to have a Welsh-only name.

## Boundaries

A Senedd constituency comprising the boundaries of the UK Parliament constituencies of Monmouthshire and Torfaen, has been proposed by the Democracy and Boundary Commission Cymru for the 2026 election to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Senedd Cymru). It was initially proposed using the English name Monmouthshire and Torfaen in September 2024, but was renamed to Mynwy Torfaen in December proposals with most constituencies using Welsh-only names. It was then given the Welsh-only name Sir Fynwy Torfaen and its boundaries were confirmed in the commission's final recommendations in March 2025.
It encompasses the entire principal areas (counties/county boroughs) of Monmouthshire and Torfaen in South Wales. The constituency is to be established by 2026, following the passing of the Senedd Cymru (Members and Elections) Act 2024. The act legislates electoral reform of the Senedd to create 16 larger "super constituencies", pairing the 32 UK Parliament constituencies in Wales, and using a new fully proportional voting system, with each constituency electing six Members of the Senedd (MSs) rather than one previously.

## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s

Next Senedd election: Sir Fynwy Torfaen :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | win (new seat) | win (new seat) | win (new seat) | win (new seat) | win (new seat) |
# Sara al-Nams

Sara al-Nams is an Algerian writer and editor. She was born in 1989 in Tiaret. She studied English at Ferhat Abbas University in Sétif. She currently manages the Algerian publishing house Ajniha. She has authored several books:
* Love With An Algerian Flavour (2012)
* Water and Salt–Letters to a Palestinian Prisoner (2016)
* J (Dar al-Adab, 2019)
Her latest novel, J, was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize in 2021.
# Jiaozhou North railway station

Jiaozhou North (simplified Chinese: 胶州北站; traditional Chinese: 膠州北站; pinyin: Jiāozhōu běi zhàn) is a railway station found on the boundary between Jiaodong Subdistrict and Jiaolai Town of Jiaozhou, Qingdao, Shandong, China. It currently is on the Qingdao–Jinan high-speed railway and Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway.

## History

Construction was approved by the Ministry of Railways in June 2006, and construction began in November 2008. Train service began on January 11, 2011, with four trains, two towards Jinan and two towards Qingdao.

## Service

Before reconstruction, the station offered trains to Qingdao and Jinan, as well as trains to Beijing and Shanghai. Out of the ten trains that enter the station, nine of them are China Railway High-speed trains (designated by "D" and "G"), while the last is a "Common-Fast" train (designated by "K") originating from Dandong.
In 2016, the station is temporarily closed for construction of tracks and platforms for the Qingdao-Jinan high-speed railway. It was reopened in 2018, along with the opening of the new high-speed railway.

## Qingdao Metro

Jiaozhou North Railway Station (Chinese: 胶州北站) is a station on Line 8 of the Qingdao Metro. It opened on 24 December 2020. It is located in Licang District and it serves Jiaozhou North railway station.

### Gallery

* Concourse
# Matilda of Savoy

Matilda (or Mechtilde) of Savoy (1390–1438) was Electress Palatine as the second wife of the Elector Palatine Louis III, whom she married on 30 November 1417.. She was a daughter of Amadeo, Prince of Achaea and Catherine of Geneva.

## Children

Matilda had the following five children:
* Mathilde (7 March 1419 – 1 October 1482), married:
** in 1434 to Count Louis I of Württemberg
** in 1452 to Duke Albrecht VI of Austria
* Louis IV, Elector Palatine (1 January 1424 – 13 August 1449)
* Frederick I, Elector Palatine (1 August 1425 – 12 December 1476)
* Rupprecht (27 February 1427 – 26 July 1480), Prince-elector archbishop of Cologne
* Margarete (ca. 1428 – 23 November 1466), a nun at Liebenau monastery