# Suqian

Suqian (simplified Chinese: 宿迁; traditional Chinese: 宿遷; pinyin: Sùqiān, IPA:) is a prefecture-level city in northern Jiangsu Province, China. It borders Xuzhou to the northwest, Lianyungang to the northeast, Huai'an to the south, and the province of Anhui to the west.

## History

Suqian was said to be the site of a military grain store built when the Emperor Yuan of Jin reigned. Thus, the former Xiaxiang county where the store located was renamed Suyu (宿預; means "prepared" or "usually prepared") in 405. Then the county was annexed by Xuzhou and renamed Suqian in 762 because the homophone "yu (豫)" as the given name of the Emperor Daizong of Tang was deemed to be ineffable. The county was put under the jurisdiction of Huaiyang military prefecture during the Song dynasty, then was transferred to Pizhou after Jurchen's Jin took it. The county was administered by Huai'an military prefecture during 1272–75, but restored as a part of Pizhou afterwards. It was annexed by Xuzhou again in 1733.
The area was rife with banditry during the early years of the Republic of China. In Autumn 1917, six persons were executed as bandits in Suqian. "They cut off their arms, broke their legs, cut off their ears, punched out their eyes, skinned them, then cut off their heads, and finally cut out their hearts." Suqian was put under the jurisdiction of Huaiyin in 1934. The county was converted as a county-level city in 1987, later was elevated to prefecture status in 1996.

## Geography and climate

Suqian possesses the majority of Luoma Lake, which is a major lake in the Huai River basin.
Climate data for Suqian (Suyu District), elevation 25 m (82 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.3 (63.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 32.8 (91.0) | 36.6 (97.9) | 38.5 (101.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.5 (99.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 27.8 (82.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.4 (86.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 7.7 (45.9) | 19.7 (67.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 3.9 (39.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 15.3 (59.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.2 (37.8) | 15.0 (59.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) | 0.1 (32.2) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.3 (50.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.4 (74.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | −0.4 (31.3) | 11.0 (51.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.6 (3.9) | −16.1 (3.0) | −8.0 (17.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | 3.4 (38.1) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | −1.2 (29.8) | −7.1 (19.2) | −16.5 (2.3) | −16.5 (2.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22.7 (0.89) | 26.5 (1.04) | 41.9 (1.65) | 46.9 (1.85) | 76.4 (3.01) | 127.9 (5.04) | 211.1 (8.31) | 180.1 (7.09) | 91.3 (3.59) | 41.8 (1.65) | 35.2 (1.39) | 20.2 (0.80) | 922 (36.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 12.9 | 11.4 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 88.2 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 9.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 66 | 64 | 65 | 69 | 72 | 82 | 83 | 79 | 72 | 71 | 68 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 143.5 | 143.7 | 181.4 | 200.7 | 211.5 | 182.1 | 175.4 | 180.5 | 172.9 | 177.1 | 153.3 | 151.1 | 2,073.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 45 | 46 | 49 | 51 | 49 | 42 | 40 | 44 | 47 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 47 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As of the 2020 Chinese census, Suqian had a recorded population of about 4,986,192 whom 1,622,912 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Sucheng and Suyu urban districts.

## Economy

Local Yanghe along with Moutai and Wuliangye, are the three biggest manufacturers of baijiu. Besides, several domestic companies followed JD.com to site their call centres in Suqian.

## Transport
### Roads
#### Expressways

G2513 Huai'an–Xuzhou Expressway

### Rail

Yanghe Station, known as Suqian Station on Suqian–Huai'an Railway is located in the south outskirt of Suqian.

## Education

Suqian College is the single institution in Suqian providing bachelor's degree education.

## Administration

The prefecture-level city of Suqian administers 5 county-level divisions, including 3 counties and 2 districts.
These are further divided into 115 township-level divisions, including 111 towns and township, and 4 subdistricts.
Map :
| Hongze Lake Luoma Lake Sucheng Suyu Shuyang County Siyang County Sihong County ||||||
| Subdivision | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| City Proper ||||||
| Sucheng District | 宿城区 | Sùchéng Qū | 1,034,392 | 1,018 | 1,016 |
| Suburban ||||||
| Suyu District | 宿豫区 | Sùyù Qū | 588,520 | 1,146 | 513.5 |
| Rural ||||||
| Shuyang County | 沭阳县 | Shùyáng Xiàn | 1,674,978 | 2,300 | 728.3 |
| Siyang County | 泗阳县 | Sìyáng Xiàn | 829,562 | 1,389 | 597.2 |
| Sihong County | 泗洪县 | Sìhóng Xiàn | 858,740 | 2,719 | 315.8 |
| Total | Total | Total | 4,986,192 | 8,572 | 581.7 |