# Shanghai International Circuit

The Shanghai International Circuit (simplified Chinese: 上海国际赛车场; traditional Chinese: 上海國際賽車場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Guójì Sàichēchǎng), also called the SAIC Shanghai International Circuit (simplified Chinese: 上海上汽国际赛车场; traditional Chinese: 上海上汽國際賽車場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Shàngqì Guójì Sàichēchǎng) for sponsorship purposes, is a motorsport race track, situated in the Jiading District, Shanghai, China. The circuit is best known as the venue for the annual Chinese Grand Prix which was hosted from 2004 to 2019, and from 2024. Besides Chinese Grand Prix, the circuit also hosts Shanghai ePrix from 2024.
The Shanghai International Circuit features over 10 top-tier domestic car racing events annually. It also boasts Shanghai's only world-class outdoor go-karting track.
As a nationally recognized 4A-rated tourist attraction, the circuit features tourism, shopping, dining, entertainment, and sports.

## History

Shanghai International Circuit was conceived by the Shanghai authorities as a way to showcase the city to the world. A 5.3 sq km site was chosen in the Jiading District in the north west of the city, close to major car parts manufacturing facilities and a budget of 2.6 billion yuan ($450 million) raised through a government-funded joint-venture company, the Shanghai Jiushi Group.
Herman Tilke was chosen to design the track and associated buildings, and between April and May 2003, engineers visited the site to draw up their plans. The site was actually a swampland, previously used as rice paddy fields, and extensive groundworks had to be completed to construct the circuit. For 18 months some 3,000 workers were on site daily to complete the facility – a remarkable feat of both engineering and logistics.
When it opened, visitors found a vast complex, dominated by the main grandstand and pit complex, which featured wing-like viewing platforms crossing the circuit at either end. This can hold 30,000 spectators alone, and others around the circuit take the total capacity to 200,000. Paddock facilities were also unique – each of the F1 teams had its own building, arranged like pavilions in a lake to resemble the ancient Yu Garden in Shanghai.
The Shanghai International Circuit is the first in China to be purpose-built for Formula One and it hosts FIA Formula One World Championship Chinese Grand Prix every year since 2004. The circuit also held a number of global high-profile series, including the FIA World Endurance Championship and the GT World Challenge Asia.
In the past, the circuit has hosted the MotoGP world championship, and a one-off V8 Supercars China Round of the Australian-based V8 Supercar championship in 2005, and also the final round of the A1 Grand Prix in 2006/2007.
In 2011, the Shanghai International Circuit signed a sponsorship deal with Audi and was subsequently named the Shanghai Audi International Circuit and the SAIC International Circuit following a deal with SAIC Motor.

## Layout

The track layout was inspired from the Chinese character shang (上), the first character in the name of the city Shanghai, meaning "above" or "ascend".
There’s a unique start to the lap as the drivers fly into the ever-tightening Turns 1 and 2, before they dart left through 3 and 4. The super-high g force Turns 7 and 8 are loved by the drivers, while the circuit also features one of the longest straights on the calendar, the 1.2 km (0.7 mi) stretch that separates turns 13 and 14.

## A lap in a Formula One car

The first two bends make a 185 km/h (115 mph) right-hand curve which leads immediately into turns 3 and 4 taken at 105 km/h (65 mph). One and two are far more difficult – a lift on entry followed by various taps of the throttle and brakes are needed so the car maintains balance throughout. It also becomes blind towards the middle of the corner. Three and four are less complicated, with three being a simple hairpin, but a good exit is needed from four to gain speed down the following straight and through turn 5. The complex of turns 1–4 makes up the first of two "snails" on the circuit, the other being turns 11–13. Turn 6 is a second gear, right-handed hairpin with plentiful run-off. Turns 7 and 8 make up a high speed chicane – the left-right complex sees a constant G-force of 3 and a minimum speed of about 160 km/h (99 mph). Turns 9 and 10 immediately follow – two slow left-handers which require a good exit to gain speed down the next straight. Turns 11 and 12 effectively make up a slow left-right chicane where the use of kerbs are important but traction is low. Turn 13 is a very long right-hander which becomes less and less tight, and a very good exit is important as DRS is available down the following straight. At 1.170 km (0.727 mi), it is the equivalent to 11 football pitches laid end to end, or the same length as three and a half of the world's biggest aircraft carriers Turn 14 is a hairpin at the end of the straight – the second gear corner is a prime overtaking spot as DRS is available in the run up to the corner. Turn 16 is the last corner – a fourth-gear left-hander which requires a quick tap on the brakes – braking early can be more effective as you can then carry more speed through the corner and then down the pit straight.

## Events
### Current

* March: Formula One Chinese Grand Prix, F1 Academy, Porsche Carrera Cup Asia, SRO GT Cup
* April: TCR Asia Series, TCR China Touring Car Championship, China Touring Car Championship
* May: Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia, F4 Chinese Championship
* June: Formula E Shanghai ePrix

### Former

* A1 Grand Prix (2006–2008)
* Asian Le Mans Series (2014, 2018–2019)
* Aston Martin Asia Cup (2008–2009)
* Audi R8 LMS Cup (2012–2019)
* China Formula Grand Prix (2015–2019)
* F3 Asian Championship (2018–2019)
* Ferrari Challenge Asia-Pacific (2011–2019)
* FIA World Endurance Championship
** 4 Hours of Shanghai (2012–2019)
* Formula BMW Pacific (2004–2008)
* Formula Masters Series (2011–2017)
* Formula Renault AsiaCup (2004–2011, 2013–2018)
* Formula V6 Asia (2008)
* Grand Prix motorcycle racing
** Chinese motorcycle Grand Prix (2005–2008)
* GP2 Asia Series (2008)
* GT Asia Series (2014–2017)
* GT World Challenge Asia (2017–2019, 2024)
* Superrace Championship (2014–2016)
* TCR International Series (2015)
* Trofeo Maserati (2012–2014)
* V8 Supercars
** V8 Supercars China Round (2005)
* World Touring Car Championship
** FIA WTCC Race of China (2012–2016)

## Lap records

The total length of the circuit is 5.451 km (3.387 mi), which is about average for a Formula One circuit. Michael Schumacher's official race lap record of 1:32.238 has stood since 2004. In Q3 of 2018 Chinese Grand Prix, Sebastian Vettel qualified on pole position with a time of 1:31.095, a new unofficial track record. As of September 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Shanghai International Circuit are listed as:
| Category | Record | Circuit Length | Circuit Layout | Driver/Rider | Vehicle | Date |
| Formula One | 1:32.238 | 5.451 km (3.387 mi) | | Michael Schumacher | Ferrari F2004 | September 26, 2004 |
| LMP1 | 1:45.892 | Sébastien Buemi | Toyota TS050 Hybrid 2017 | November 5, 2017 |
| GP2 Asia | 1:46.407 | Kamui Kobayashi | Dallara GP2/05 | October 18, 2008 |
| LMP2 | 1:51.793 | Bruno Senna | Oreca 07 Gibson | November 5, 2017 |
| A1 Grand Prix | 1:52.508 | Alex Yoong | Lola A1GP | April 2, 2006 |
| GT3 | 2:00.195 | Daniel Morad | Mercedes-AMG GT3 Evo | September 15, 2024 |
| LMP3 | 2:00.638 | Mathias Beche | Ligier JS P3 | August 27, 2017 |
| LM GTE | 2:00.948 | Kévin Estre | Porsche 911 RSR-19 | November 10, 2019 |
| Formula Regional | 2:01.440 | Daniel Cao | Tatuus F3 T-318 | September 27, 2019 |
| Lamborghini Super Trofeo | 2:04.157 | Jonathan Cecotto | Lamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo2 | September 14, 2024 |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | 2:04.675 | Daniel Cao | Tatuus FR2.0/13 | April 29, 2018 |
| Formula 4 | 2:06.219 | Cui Yuanpu | Mygale M21-F4 | September 15, 2024 |
| Porsche Carrera Cup | 2:07.723 | Philip Hamprecht | Porsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup | April 15, 2019 |
| Formula BMW | 2:12.155 | Michael Patrizi | Mygale FB02 | October 16, 2005 |
| TCR Touring Car | 2:14.904 | Hongyu Zhang | Audi RS 3 LMS TCR (2021) | June 8, 2024 |
| GT4 | 2:17.168 | Hu Hao Heng | BMW M4 GT4 Evo | October 4, 2023 |
| MotoGP | 1:59.273 | 5.281 km (3.281 mi) | | Valentino Rossi | Yamaha YZR-M1 | May 4, 2008 |
| 250cc | 2:05.738 | Jorge Lorenzo | Aprilia RSW 250 | May 6, 2007 |
| 125cc | 2:12.131 | Álvaro Bautista | Aprilia RS 125 R | May 14, 2006 |
| A1 Grand Prix | 1:35.177 | 4.603 km (2.860 mi) | | Robert Wickens | Lola A1GP | April 13, 2008 |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | 1:48.325 | Leopold Ringbom | Tatuus FR2000 | October 23, 2011 |
| TC1 | 1:50.833 | Ma Qinghua | Citroën C-Elysée WTCC | October 12, 2014 |
| V8 Supercars | 1:51.0557 | Todd Kelly | Holden VZ Commodore | June 12, 2005 |
| Super 2000 | 1:54.947 | Alain Menu | Chevrolet Cruze 1.6T | November 4, 2012 |
| TCR Touring Car | 1:59.143 | Huang Chuhan | Audi RS 3 LMS TCR | August 5, 2017 |
| Porsche Carrera Cup | 2:02.2892 | Siu Tit Lung | Porsche 911 (997 I) GT3 Cup | June 12, 2005 |
| Formula E | 1:15.358 | 3.051 km (1.896 mi) | | Norman Nato | Porsche 99X Electric | May 26, 2024 |

## Gallery

* Exterior of main grandstand
* Main grandstand
* View from the main grandstand
* Covered grandstand H & K
* Grandstand H & K
* Pit