# Sony Pictures Imageworks

Sony Pictures Imageworks Inc. (simply known as Imageworks) is a visual effects and computer animation studio headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia and Montreal, Quebec, with an additional office on the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City, California. SPI is a unit of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Motion Picture Group.
The company has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences winning the Best Visual Effects Oscar for their work on Spider-Man 2, as well as the Oscars for Best Animated Film for Into the Spider-Verse and Best Animated Short Film for The ChubbChubbs!, having also received many other nominations for their work.
SPI has provided visual effects for many films; most recent include The Meg, Men in Black: International, and Spider-Man: Far From Home. They also provided services for several of director Robert Zemeckis' films, including Contact, Cast Away, The Polar Express, and Beowulf.
Since the foundation of its sister company Sony Pictures Animation in 2002, SPI would go on to animate nearly all of SPA's films, including Open Season, Surf's Up, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, and films in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Smurfs and Hotel Transylvania franchises, in addition to animating films for other studios such as Arthur Christmas for Aardman Animations (co-produced by SPA), Storks and Smallfoot for Warner Animation Group (now known as Warner Bros. Pictures Animation), The Angry Birds Movie for Rovio Animation and its sequel (co-produced by SPA), Over the Moon for Netflix and Pearl Studio, and The Sea Beast for Netflix Animation.

## History

Sony Pictures Imageworks was formed in 1992 with five employees to use computers to help plan complicated scenes for live-action films. Located in the former TriStar building, their first work was a previsualization for the 1993 film Striking Distance. In April 1993, the previously unnamed unit received its current name. In 1997, SPI became part of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Digital Studios unit.
To fill the gaps between VFX jobs, SPI decided to partake in a more profitable animation business. Its first independent animated effort was the 5-minute short The ChubbChubbs! directed by Eric Armstrong. In 2002, it won the Oscar for Best Animated Short. Early Bloomer, released in 2003, was the division's second short film and originally made as a storyboarding exercise. SPI completed its first feature animation project in 2006 with the release of Open Season, which was produced by sister company Sony Pictures Animation.
In 2007, SPI acquired Indian visual effects studio FrameFlow to take advantage of lower labor costs. Renamed to Imageworks India, a modern facility was opened in Chennai a year later. To leverage New Mexico's tax rebates and talent base, a satellite production facility was opened in 2007 in Albuquerque, becoming the largest post-production operation in the state. In 2010, SPI opened a production studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, in order to take advantage of the local talent pool and government film production incentives. Two years later, the studio doubled its Vancouver facilities. At the same time, the Albuquerque studio was closed down due to declining New Mexico's subsidies and difficulty with attracting artists to move there.
In the beginning of 2014, as part of Sony's cost-cutting move, SPI transferred a portion of its technology team from its headquarters in Culver City to Vancouver. By May 2014, entire headquarters and production had been moved to Vancouver, with only a small office remaining in Culver City. At the same time, SPI closed down its Indian studio, laying off around 100 employees. A year later, over 700 artists moved into a new 74,000-square feet headquarters in Vancouver.
On October 6, 2023, Cartoon Brew reported that DreamWorks Animation was moving away from producing films in-house at their Glendale campus to rely more heavily on outside studios after 2024, as part of a layoff by chief operating officer Randy Lake in a series of meetings the previous month. According to the report, SPI was named as the animation service for a then-unannounced DreamWorks sequel (The Bad Guys 2) scheduled for 2025. The film will use a "mixed production model", in which pre-production would be done in-house at DreamWorks along with approximately 50% of the asset build and one hour of production, while SPI will handle the other 50% of asset builds and 20 minutes of shot production.

## Technology

During 2009-2010, SPI made transition from traditional biased, multi-pass rendering system to a largely singlepass, global illumination system incorporating modern ray-tracing and physically based shading techniques. They have achieved that with Arnold Renderer, an unbiased stochastic ray tracer. Arnold, started in 1997 by Marcos Fajardo, was co-developed between 2004 and 2009 with SPI, where Marcos was employed, and a commercial branch is being developed by Marcos' Madrid based company Solid Angle SL (now owned by Autodesk). Arnold was used on projects such as Monster House, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, 2012, Alice in Wonderland, The Smurfs, Arthur Christmas and is being used on all upcoming SPI's films.

## Filmography

Sony Pictures Imageworks has provided visual effects and digital animation for the following films:
| Year | Films |
| 1993 | Last Action Hero In the Line of Fire So I Married an Axe Murderer Striking Distance (CGI previsualization, uncredited) Mr. Jones (titles only) Rudy (titles only) Look Who's Talking Now (CGI titles and CGI visual effects) My Life The Pelican Brief (falcon jet air to air shot) |
| 1994 | Guarding Tess (CGI titles only) Speed Wolf Blankman (CGI blankwheel screen graphics and CGI plate supervision) |
| 1995 | Hideaway Tall Tale Die Hard with a Vengeance Johnny Mnemonic (CGI cyberspace sequence) Judge Dredd (CGI additional digital compositing) The Net (CGI plane crash sequence) Virtuosity (CGI tendril animation) Money Train (CGI money train wreck sequence/CGI digital composites) Wings of Courage |
| 1996 | James and the Giant Peach The Craft The Cable Guy Phenomenon The Ghost and the Darkness Michael |
| 1997 | Anaconda Contact Starship Troopers The Postman As Good as It Gets |
| 1998 | The Replacement Killers Sphere (CGI end sequence) City of Angels Paulie The Big Hit Godzilla You've Got Mail (titles only) Patch Adams Star Trek: Insurrection |
| 1999 | Big Daddy The Astronaut's Wife (CGI alien effects) The Ninth Gate Jakob the Liar Stuart Little Snow Falling on Cedars |
| 2000 | What Planet Are You From? What Lies Beneath Hollow Man Charlie's Angels Cast Away |
| 2001 | Evolution (CGI flatworm animation sequence) America's Sweethearts Riding in Cars with Boys Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone |
| 2002 | Spider-Man Men in Black II Stuart Little 2 The Tuxedo I Spy The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers |
| 2003 | Darkness Falls Anger Management Identity (CGI digital color timing) The Matrix Reloaded Hollywood Homicide Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle Bad Boys II Seabiscuit Matchstick Men The Matrix Revolutions The Haunted Mansion Big Fish Peter Pan |
| 2004 | 50 First Dates Spider-Man 2 Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy Little Black Book The Forgotten The Polar Express Christmas with the Kranks The Aviator Spanglish |
| 2005 | Cursed Bewitched Zathura The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe |
| 2006 | Click Superman Returns Monster House Open Season Last Holiday |
| 2007 | Ghost Rider Spider-Man 3 Surf's Up Blade Runner: The Final Cut (CGI visual effects enhancement) The Jane Austen Book Club Beowulf I Am Legend |
| 2008 | Speed Racer You Don't Mess with the Zohan Hancock Eagle Eye Body of Lies Valkyrie |
| 2009 | Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience Watchmen G-Force Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs Michael Jackson's This Is It 2012 |
| 2010 | Alice in Wonderland Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore |
| 2011 | The Green Hornet Just Go with It Green Lantern Zookeeper Captain America: The First Avenger The Smurfs Arthur Christmas |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 The Amazing Spider-Man Hotel Transylvania Here Comes the Boom |
| 2013 | Oz: The Great and Powerful The Smurfs 2 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 |
| 2014 | Captain America: The Winter Soldier The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Blended Edge of Tomorrow 22 Jump Street Deliver Us from Evil Guardians of the Galaxy Fury American Sniper The Interview |
| 2015 | Pixels Hotel Transylvania 2 Concussion |
| 2016 | The Angry Birds Movie Alice Through the Looking Glass Ghostbusters Suicide Squad Storks |
| 2017 | Smurfs: The Lost Village Spider-Man: Homecoming The Emoji Movie Kingsman: The Golden Circle Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle |
| 2018 | Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation The Meg Smallfoot Venom Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse |
| 2019 | Men in Black: International Spider-Man: Far From Home The Angry Birds Movie 2 Zombieland: Double Tap (Columbia Pictures CGI opening variant only) Jumanji: The Next Level |
| 2020 | Mulan Over the Moon |
| 2021 | The Mitchells vs. the Machines Vivo Spider-Man: No Way Home |
| 2022 | Hotel Transylvania: Transformania Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness The Sea Beast Thor: Love and Thunder |
| 2023 | Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse The Spider Within: A Spider-Verse Story The Marvels |
| 2024 | Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire Red One |
| 2025 | A Minecraft Movie The Fantastic Four: First Steps The Bad Guys 2 |
| 2026 | Goat |

### Television

* The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest ("The Edge of Yesterday")
* Stuart Little: The Animated Series (CGI animation and visual effects)
* Love, Death & Robots ("Lucky 13" and "In Vaulted Halls Entombed")
* The Falcon and the Winter Soldier ("One World, One People")
* Hawkeye (2 episodes)
* The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (TV special)

## Controversy

In an article published by Vulture in June 2023, several animators quit Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse due to unstable working conditions. According to the Animation Guild, while Imageworks is associated with Sony Pictures Animation, Imageworks remains non-union.