OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tudor Mendel-Idowu

Tudor Olorunninbe Mendel-Idowu (born 15 January 2005) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English side Ipswich Town.

## Early life

Born in Berkshire, England, Mendel-Idowu was regarded as a child prodigy academically, featuring numerous times in national and international competitions, most notably coming second in the 2014 edition of Child Genius. Mendel-Idowu attended independent boys' preparatory boarding school Ludgrove School. At the age of thirteen, he was made a King's Scholar at Eton College.

## Club career
### Early career

He joined the youth academy of Chelsea at under-8 level, following interest from numerous other clubs including Arsenal and Tottenham. In July 2021, he signed a new contract with the Blues.
Following the conclusion of the 2022–23 season, with his contract set to expire, Mendel-Idowu was offered a new deal by Chelsea. However, on 18 July 2023, it was reported by Spanish journalist Albert Rogé that Mendel-Idowu had rejected this offer, and was close to joining Spanish side Barcelona.

### Anderlecht

Despite these links, on 27 July 2023, he officially signed for Belgian side Anderlecht. Initially assigned to the club's reserve team, RSCA Futures, Mendel-Idowu scored on his debut in the Challenger Pro League in a 3–2 win against Dender.
On 3 September 2024, Anderlecht confirmed that Mendal-Idowu had left the club to join Premier League side Ipswich Town on a permanent deal.

## International career

Eligible to represent both England and Nigeria at international level, Mendel-Idowu was first called up to the England national under-15 football team in 2019. Tudor scored his first England U17 goal against Scotland on 8 February in a 3–0 win and followed that up with a further 2 goals in England U17's next game playing as a right winger. He later made substitute appearances against France and Luxembourg in the England U17 qualification games.

## Personal life

Mendel-Idowu's maternal grandfather is John Adeleye-Abai, who played for the Nigeria national football team as a winger. His paternal grandfather, Dr Fola Kayode Mendel-Idowu, was a gifted academic, who specialised in bio-aeronautics and was Africa's first 'flying doctor'.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 18 July 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chelsea U21 | 2022–23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| RSCA Futures | 2023–24 | Challenger Pro League | 1 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearances in the EFL Trophy
# 3C 270.1

3C 270.1 is a radio-loud quasar located in the constellation of Canes Venatici. It has a redshift of (z) 1.528, appearing as a bright unidentified source but also containing one of the most powerful jets. It is classfied as being core-dominated with broad absorption lines, making it a broad absorption line quasar (BAL QSO). It is classfied as a galaxy merger with a supermassive black hole mass of 9.0$^1$ M$_ʘ$, with its host galaxy being orientated by a position angle of 100° in east-west direction.

## Description

3C 270.1 is described as either a bend or 'dog-leg' quasar. Its radio structure is made up of two components measuring < 0.3 and 0.6 arcseconds respectively. There is a weak component located in north-west direction, described to have a low-brightness surface based on radio mapping observations at 15 GHz via a 5-kilometer telescope. In addition, it has a powerful radio core resolved as a one-sided core-jet structure when imaged at both 8.4 and 15.4 GHz by Very Long Baseline Array with two co-linear radio lobes; one being offset and the other along the source's axis. A knot is present between the core and southern lobe, indicating a jet. When imaged by very-long-baseline interferometry, the quasar has a faint feature with extensions located in south, north and perpendicular towards the axis of the jet in east direction.
Observations by the Chandra X-ray Observatory found the quasar exhibiting an unabsorbed power-law emission. There is also the presence of extended X-ray emission originating from one or two components located in the double hotspot of the southern radio lobe. But for the northern hotspot, it showed no detections of emission although the south part of the lobe has faint traces of emission but is unassociated.
A further analysis also finds 3C 270.1 has an emission ridge starting from a precursor component of the hotspot before extending towards the south-eastern hotspot peak. This in turn, changes direction which the ridge curves by 90° towards the secondary peak, showing a drop in surface brightness.
In addition, magnesium ion absorbers were detected towards the quasar. These absorption systems lie at redshifts of (z) 1.5004, (z) 0.7423 and (z) 1.5000 respectively. A cluster of red galaxies have also been detected, surrounding the quasar.
# Prix Omnium II

The Prix Omnium II is a Listed flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Saint-Cloud in late March or early April.

## History

The event was originally called the Prix de Saint-Cloud. The first running was staged during the venue's inaugural fixture in 1901. It replaced the Prix de Vincennes, a similar race at Vincennes. It was initially contested over 2,100 metres.
The Prix de Saint-Cloud was cut to 2,000 metres in 1904. It was shortened to 1,600 metres after World War I. It continued with its original title until 1927.
The race was renamed in honour of Omnium II, a successful racehorse and sire, in 1928. It was run over 2,100 metres in 1929. From this point it was held on the same day as the Prix La Camargo, the equivalent race for fillies. It reverted to 1,600 metres in 1930.
The Prix Omnium II was held at Longchamp in 1940. It took place at Auteuil from 1941 to 1944.
The event can serve as a trial for the Poule d'Essai des Poulains. The last horse to win both races was Silver Frost in 2009.

## Records

Leading jockey since 1979 (6 wins):
* Christophe Soumillon – Silver Frost (2009), Barocci (2011), Wire to Wire (2013), Salai (2014), Markazi (2017), American Flag (2023)
Leading trainer since 1979 (5 wins):
* Jean-Claude Rouget – Gris Tendre (2008), Wire to Wire (2013), Salai (2014), Green Sweet (2015), Markazi (2017)
Leading owner since 1979 (3 wins): (includes part ownership)
* Wertheimer et Frère – Medecis (2002), Green Sweet (2015), Shaman (2019)

## Winners since 1979

* ↑ The 2000 winner Firyal Pursuit was later exported to Hong Kong and renamed Cheers Hong Kong
* ↑ The 2018 running took place at Fontainebleau

## Earlier winners

* 1901: Juniperus
* 1902: Barde
* 1903: Nordenskjold
* 1904: Borgia
* 1905: Hanoi
* 1906: Prestige
* 1907: Pernod
* 1908: Monitor
* 1909: Verdun
* 1910: Radis Rose
* 1911: Faucheur
* 1912: Le Cid
* 1913: Saint Pe
* 1914: Durbar
* 1920: Deepdale
* 1921: Spectateur
* 1922: Grillemont
* 1923: Guemul
* 1924: Soldat de France
* 1925: Burgos
* 1926: Diplomate
* 1927: Gros Chou
* 1928: Guy Fawkes
* 1929: Vatout
* 1930: Montreal
* 1931: Mameluck
* 1932: Rustaud
* 1933: Pantalon
* 1934: Rentenmark
* 1935: Nerondes
* 1936: Sanguinetto
* 1937: Allumeur
* 1938: Becasson
* 1939: Bon Voyage
* 1940: Flying Call
* 1941: Blue Mill
* 1942: Express
* 1943: Fanatique
* 1944: Coadjuteur
* 1948: Soritor
* 1961: Carteret
* 1964: Trade Mark
* 1966: Prompt
* 1967: Magic Wind
* 1968: Aslam
* 1973: Robertino
* 1974: Mount Hagen
* 1975: Condorcet
* 1976: Far North
* 1977: Water Boy
* 1978: Kenmare
# Bowflex

BowFlex is the brand name for a series of fitness training equipment, marketed and sold by BowFlex Inc., formerly Nautilus, Inc. Based in Vancouver, Washington, the company sells its products through direct, retail, and international channels. The first BowFlex product, BowFlex 2000X, was created in 1986. BowFlex products now range from cardio machines, adjustable dumbbells, and home gyms.

## History

The BowFlex grew out of a now-expired patent first conceived by an Ethiopian engineering student in the United States, named Tessema Dosho Shifferaw. BowFlex of America, Inc. began marketing the first product, BowFlex 2000X in 1986. Instead of conventional weights or pulley machines, the original BowFlex machine used a combination of polymer rods to create constant resistance or tension.
BowFlex of America merged with Stratford Software Corporation, USA in 1993 and changed its name to BowFlex, Inc. It became a public company on the Toronto Stock Exchange. In 1998, the company changed its name to Direct Focus, Inc. and initiated an IPO on Nasdaq. With the success of BowFlex, the company bought Nautilus International, Inc., Schwinn Fitness, and Stairmaster. In 2002, the company moved to the NYSE and renamed itself The Nautilus Group, then Nautilus, Inc.
The company changed its name from Nautilus, Inc. to BowFlex Inc. and refreshed the BowFlex® brand identity in 2023.
In March 2024, BowFlex declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy, citing poor post-COVID sales for its collapse. Taiwan-based Johnson Health Tech soon announced that it would acquire all of BowFlex's assets for $37.5 million.

## Recalls

On January 29, 2004, about 420,000 BowFlex machines were recalled due to mechanical problems. In November 2004, there was a recall of nearly 800,000 (680,000 Power Pro units and 102,000 Ultimate units) BowFlex machines after reports that several models had broken unexpectedly. The Consumer Product Safety Commission said that the seats could unexpectedly break and that the backboard bench could collapse when in the incline position on the Power Pro model. This recall was voluntary and the company offered every purchaser a free safety repair kit.
In March 2006, about 17,000 BowFlex Ultimate 2's were recalled due to problems. In December 2007 about 68,000 home gyms were recalled. In March 2009, about 78,000 BowFlex Ultimate 2's were recalled due to problems with the horizontal seat rail.
# Abdul Majeed (politician)

Abdul Majeed (born 8 October 1950) is a Bangladeshi politician. He is a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Comilla-2 constituency. He lost his position as a Member of Parliament in 2024 following the dissolution of the National Parliament through the Non-cooperation movement.

## Early life

Abdul Majeed was born on 8 October 1950 to Tota Mia and Feroza Begum in Joynagar village of Homna Upazila, Comilla. He obtained his master's degree in Applied Mathematics from University of Dhaka.
# Ceresiosaurus

Ceresiosaurus is an extinct aquatic genus of lariosaurine nothosaurid sauropterygian known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian boundary) of Monte San Giorgio, southern Switzerland and northern Italy. Ceresiosaurus, meaning "Lizard of Ceresio" (Ceresio is the name of the Lake Lugano, in Switzerland). The type species, Ceresiosaurus calcagnii, was named by Bernhard Peyer in 1931. C. calcagnii is known from both the Cava superiore and Cava inferiore beds of the Lower Meride Limestone at Monte San Giorgio, dating to the latest Anisian of the Middle Triassic. Rieppel (1998) suggested that the back then monospecific genus Ceresiosaurus, is a junior synonym of the better known Lariosaurus, yet he kept it type species as a separate species under the new combination L. calcagnii. In 2004, however, this synonymy was objected by Hänni who described and name a second species of Ceresiosaurus, C. lanzi - a separation supported by several other authors since. This species is known only from the stratigraphically younger Cassima beds of Monte San Giorgio, although also from the Lower Meride Limestone, dating to possibly the lowest Ladinian age. The species in a subtropical lagoonal environment with varying open marine influences, and alongside many related but smaller species of nothosaurids and pachypleurosaurids. Ceresiosaurus represents one of the largest vertebrate of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) snout-tail length from the very diversified paleoenvironment of the Middle Triassic Monte San Giorgio.

## Palaeobiology

Ceresiosaurus was much more elongated than its relatives, reaching 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length, and had fully developed flippers with no trace of visible toes. It had multiple elongated phalanges, making the flippers much longer than in most other nothosaurs, and more closely resembling those of the later plesiosaurs. Ceresiosaurus also had the shortest skull of any known nothosaur, which further increased its resemblance to plesiosaurs.
Although possessing a long neck and tail, Ceresiosaurus may not have swum by undulating its body. Analysis of the bone structure of the hips and powerful tail suggest that it instead propelled itself through the water much like a penguin. The evidence of pachypleurosaurs in the preserved stomach of Ceresiosaurus remains lend credence to the theory of it being a fast swimmer.
# Malcolm Rowe

Malcolm H. Rowe (born June 27, 1953) is a Canadian lawyer who is serving as a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada since 2016. Rowe is the first judge from Newfoundland and Labrador to sit on the Supreme Court.

## Early life and education

Rowe was born on June 27, 1953 in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, to parents who grew up in the province's small fishing communities.
Rowe attended Memorial University of Newfoundland, where he earned a Bachelor of Science and a Bachelor of Arts in political science. He studied at York University's Osgoode Hall Law School from 1975–78 and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws.

## Career

Rowe was called to the bar by the Law Society of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1978 and The Law Society of Upper Canada (Ontario) in 1986.
Before becoming a judge, Rowe worked in the Canadian foreign service. He also started his own private practice in Ottawa that focused on Canadian constitutional law, foreign affairs, and arbitration over maritime boundaries. He was an adviser for Progressive Conservative cabinet minister John Crosbie and Liberal cabinet minister Brian Tobin, and served as secretary to Newfoundland and Labrador's cabinet after Tobin returned as premier.
He was appointed to the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Trial Division) in 1999. He was elevated to the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal) in 2001, where he served for 16 years.
Rowe also taught public and constitutional law as a lecturer at the University of Ottawa for two years.

### Supreme Court of Canada

Rowe was nominated by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in October 2016 to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada, succeeding Justice Thomas Cromwell who retired that September. Rowe is the first judge from Newfoundland and Labrador to sit on the Supreme Court. Rowe's appointment was the result of a process newly instituted by Trudeau in which any jurist in Canada was invited to apply to a seven-member committee headed by former Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Kim Campbell. Rowe's appointment to the court was effective October 28, 2016, and he was formally sworn in at a private ceremony on October 31, 2016.
In March 2021, the Supreme Court found that the federal government's carbon price regime is constitutional. Rowe was one of three dissenting justices. He concluded that the federal government's carbon price law was unconstitutional because it interfered with areas of exclusive provincial jurisdiction.

## Personal life

Rowe was married to Moya Greene, with whom he has a grown daughter.
# Karimunjawa

Karimunjawa Islands or Karimunjava Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Karimunjawa) is an archipelago of 27 islands in the Java Sea, Indonesia, approximately 80 kilometres northwest of Jepara. They have a total land area of 45.62 km$^2$. The main island is known as Karimun (2,700 ha), while the second-largest island is Kemujan (1,400 ha).
As of the 2020 Census, the population of the island group was 9,789 which lived on five of the islands. The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 9,926. The population is largely Javanese, with pockets of Bugis and Madurese inhabitants. Javanese culture is dominant in the islands which are the only islands off Java where Javanese is the lingua franca.
Twenty-two of the islands have been declared in 2001 as a marine reserve, the Karimunjawa National Park. Five more islands are either privately owned or are under the control of the Indonesian Navy.
The archipelago is served by Dewadaru Airport which provides scheduled airline services to Semarang and Surabaya.

## Islands and administration

The Karimunjawa islands comprise a district (kecamatan) which is made up of three villages (Karimun, Kemujan, and Parang) and forms a part of the Jepara Regency (kabupaten) of Central Java province. The island of Bawean lies east of this group, and is part of Gresik Regency, in East Java province.

## History

Apart from use as a pirate base, the islands are believed to have been uninhabited until a penal settlement was established during the British occupation of Java in the early nineteenth century. Archeological finds of Chinese ceramics on the seabed near the islands which date from around the 13th century suggest that the islands were once part of a trade route to Java. The settlement was abandoned by the Dutch during the Java War of 1825–1830, but the former convicts remained as settlers. Coconut plantations set up during the convict period became a major source of income, as did fishing.
The islands were declared a national park in 1988.

## Geology and climate

The archipelago consists predominantly of pre-Tertiary continental islands primarily of quartzites and shales covered by basaltic lava. Geologically, the islands are part of Sundaland. The islands have extensive fringing and patchy coral reefs. The best time to visit the islands is during the dry season, generally from April to October.

## Economy

The main source of income for the local population is fishing, followed by services and commerce. Travel to the islands from Java is sometimes limited during the rainy season around the January–March period during bad weather which can bring large waves to the area.
There are a number of snorkeling spots. There is pressure on local environmental resources because of the rapidly expanding tourist industry.
# Allobates juami

Allobates juami is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

## Description

The adult male frog measures about 17.0 – 18.2 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog about 17.5 - 18.5 mm. Unlike other nurse frogs, the adult male A. juami does not have dark marks on his abdomen. The skin of the dorsum shows cryptic coloration, mostly dark brown. The snout is light brown in color with a lighter mark. The abdomen is yellow in color with an iridescent white stripe on the side. There is some sexual dimorphism in the color of the throat. The adult female frog has a yellow throat and the male frog can have a clear or pink one. There is a light mark near the cloacal area. The scutes on the toes can be white or black in color. The iris of the eye is dark in color with a gold ring around the pupil.

## Habitat

This frog lives in dense, closed-canopy forests. The frogs live on the leaf litter in areas in which the soil beneath has considerable amounts of white sand. Scientists saw this frog 87 meters above sea level.
Scientists have seen this frog exclusively in Estação Ecológica Juami-Japurá, which is a protected area.

## Reproduction

The male frog perches on a fallen branch approximately 10 cm above the ground and calls to the female frogs. Scientists infer that the female frog lays eggs on land and, after the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the frogs to water.

## Threats

The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction and cites no specific threats. The frog was found in a remote part of Brazil with no known human populations.

## Original description

* Simões PI; Gagliardi-Urrutia G; Rojas-Runjac FJM; Castroviejo-Fisher S (2018). "A new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatide, Allobates) from the Juami River basin, northwestern Brazilian Amazonia". Zootaxa. 4387: 109–133.
# Gutsbezirk Münsingen

Gutsbezirk Münsingen (German pronunciation:) is an unincorporated area in the German district of Reutlingen. It is located in the Swabian Jura (Baden-Württemberg).
# Francis Adams (athlete)

Francis Adams (29 October 1953 – 11 November 1987) was a sprinter from Trinidad and Tobago who specialized in the 100 metres.

## Biography

He participated twice in the Olympic Games. In 1976 in Montreal, he reached the semi-final with the 4 x 100 metres relay team, together with Christopher Brathwaite, Anthony Husbands, and Charles Joseph. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Adams participated in the 100 metres where he went out in the opening round.
Adams died at age 34 from gunshot wounds in Port of Spain.
# Gortnaleck Court Tomb

Gortnaleck Court Tomb is a court cairn and National Monument located in County Sligo, Ireland.

## Location

Gortnaleck Court Tomb is located in a small field on a deserted farm 2.1 km (1.3 mi) north of Benbulben and 2.7 km (1.7 mi) east-southeast of Grange. Benbulben dominates the view to the east while there is a wide view out across the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The monument is on private property.

## History

Gortnaleck Court Tomb was constructed in the Neolithic, c. 4000–2500 BC. The monument was surveyed by Sean O Nuallain for the Megalithic Survey of County Sligo which was published in 1976.

## Description

The monument consists of a central court which is 6 m (20 ft) in diameter. An entrance passage to the south leads into the court. A pair of galleries open to the east and west. The west gallery is 7 m (23 ft) long and the east is 5 m (16 ft) by 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long. The majority of the cairn stones are missing, haven been used to construct the massive drystone field walls around the monument.