# 2023 Rhode Island's 1st congressional district special election

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vte :
The 2023 Rhode Island's 1st congressional district special election was held on November 7, 2023. The seat became vacant following incumbent Democratic representative David Cicilline's resignation on May 31, 2023, to become the president and CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation. This was the first congressional special election in Rhode Island since the 1967 2nd district special election and the first special election in the 1st district since 1935.
The 1st district typically elects Democrats. Cicilline was re-elected with 64.0% of the vote in 2022, while Joe Biden won the district with 63.8% of the vote in 2020. The last time a Republican was elected to represent the 1st district was in 1992, when Ronald Machtley won re-election for a third term. Gabe Amo became the first African American to represent Rhode Island in Congress following the election. Amo has worked in different governmental roles, most recently working in the Biden administration in the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs. Leonard served in the U.S. Marine Corps for more than 30 years, serving in Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait and Somalia.

## Democratic primary
### Candidates
#### Nominee

* Gabe Amo, former deputy director of the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (2021–2023)

#### Eliminated in primary

* Stephanie Beauté, insurance software executive and candidate for Rhode Island Secretary of State in 2022
* Walter Berbrick, former Naval War College professor
* Sandra Cano, state senator from the 8th district (2019–present)
* Stephen Casey, state representative from the 50th district (2013–present)
* Spencer Dickinson, former state representative from the 35th district (2011–2015), candidate for governor in 2018, and candidate for the 2nd district in 2022
* John Goncalves, Providence city councilor
* Sabina Matos, lieutenant governor of Rhode Island (2021–present)
* Ana Quezada, state senator from the 2nd district (2017–present)
* Aaron Regunberg, former state representative from the 4th district (2015–2019), nephew of U.S. Representative Brad Schneider, and candidate for lieutenant governor of Rhode Island in 2018
* Allen Waters, investment consultant, Republican nominee for this district in 2022 and for U.S. Senate in 2020

#### Withdrawn

* Nick Autiello, climate change activist, business executive, and former economic development staffer in the Raimondo administration (endorsed Matos)
* Pamela Azar, Lincoln town councilor (endorsed Quezada)
* Nathan Biah, state representative from the 3rd district (2021–present) (running for state senate)
* Donald Carlson, senior executive director of the Tsai Leadership Program at Yale Law School and former aide to then-U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy II (endorsed Cano, remained on ballot)
* Paul LeBon, author, former Nashua, New Hampshire, alderman, and nominee for Texas's 26th congressional district in 2002

#### Disqualified

* Marvin Abney, state representative from the 73rd district (2013–present)
* Mickeda Barnes, bus driver
* Kathleen Gaskell, office manager
* Larry Hutchinson Jr.
* Gregory Mundy, clinical project manager
* Bella Machado Noka, Narragansett elder
* Toni Sfameni
* Michael Tillinghast, catering server

#### Declined

* Karen Alzate, state representative from the 60th district (2019–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Gregg Amore, Rhode Island Secretary of State (2023–present)
* Sam Bell, state senator from the 5th district (2019–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Roberto DaSilva, mayor of East Providence (2019–present)
* James Diossa, Rhode Island General Treasurer (2023–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Louis DiPalma, state senator from the 12th district (2009–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Brendan Doherty, former Superintendent of the Rhode Island State Police and Republican nominee for this district in 2012
* Jorge Elorza, former mayor of Providence (2015–2023)
* Dawn Euer, state senator from the 13th district (2017–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Helena Foulkes, corporate executive and candidate for Governor of Rhode Island in 2022
* Don Grebien, mayor of Pawtucket (2011–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Meghan Kallman, state senator from the 15th district (2021–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Katherine Kazarian, state representative from the 63rd district (2013–present)
* Xay Khamsyvoravong, mayor of Newport (endorsed Amo)
* Nirva LaFortune, former Providence city councilor and candidate for mayor of Providence in 2022
* Valarie Lawson, state senator from the 14th district (2019–present) (endorsed Cano)
* Patrick Lynch, former Rhode Island Attorney General (2003–2011) (endorsed Amo)
* Dan McKee, Governor of Rhode Island (2021–present)
* Cynthia Mendes, former state senator from the 8th district (2021–2023) and candidate for lieutenant governor of Rhode Island in 2022
* Jeff Mutter, mayor of Cumberland (endorsed Cano)
* Peter Neronha, Rhode Island Attorney General (2019–present)
* Joseph R. Paolino Jr., former U.S. Ambassador to Malta (1994–1996) and former mayor of Providence (1984–1991)
* Clay Pell, lawyer, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Education, and candidate for Governor of Rhode Island in 2014
* Gina Raimondo, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (2021–present) and former governor of Rhode Island (2015–2021)
* Maria Rivera, mayor of Central Falls (2021–present)
* Joe Shekarchi, Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives (2021–present)
* Brett Smiley, mayor of Providence (2023–present)
* Angel Taveras, former mayor of Providence (2011–2015) and candidate for Governor of Rhode Island in 2014

### Endorsements

Organizations
* LGBTQ Victory Fund (co-endorsement with Carlson)
Federal officials
* Ron Klain, former White House Chief of Staff (2021–2023)
U.S. representatives
* Patrick J. Kennedy, former U.S. representative from RI-01 (1995-2011)
Statewide officials
* Patrick Lynch, former attorney general of Rhode Island (2003–2011)
Local officials
* Xay Khamsyvoravong, mayor of Newport (2022–present)
* Jon Mitchell, mayor of New Bedford (2012–present)
Organizations
* Collective PAC
* Congressional Black Caucus PAC
Labor unions
* United Auto Workers Rhode Island
Newspapers
* East Bay Newspapers
Organizations
* Reform Party
Organizations
* New Politics
* VoteVets
Organizations
* Rhode Island Fraternal Order of Police
Statewide officials
* James Diossa, Rhode Island General Treasurer (2023–present) (Cano's fiancé)
State legislators
* 13 state senators
* 6 state representatives
Local officials
* Don Grebien, mayor of Pawtucket (2010–present)
* Charles Lombardi, mayor of North Providence (2007–present)
* William Murray, former mayor of Cumberland (2015–2018)
Labor unions
* National Education Association Rhode Island
* Rhode Island Federation of Teachers and Health Professionals
* United Nurses and Allied Professionals
Individuals
* Donald Carlson, senior executive director of the Tsai Leadership Program at Yale Law School and former 2023 candidate for this seat
U.S. representatives
* Jim Himes, U.S. representative from CT-4 (2009–present)
Local officials
* Annise Parker, former mayor of Houston (2000–2016) and president of LGBTQ Victory Fund
Organizations
* LGBTQ Victory Fund (co-endorsement with Autiello)
U.S. representatives
* Adriano Espaillat, U.S. representative from NY-13 (2017–present)
* Lois Frankel, U.S. representative from FL-22 (2013–present)
* Pat Ryan, U.S. representative from NY-18 (2022–present)
* Linda Sánchez, U.S. representative from CA-38 (2003–present)
Statewide officials
* Elizabeth H. Roberts, former lieutenant governor of Rhode Island (2007–2015)
State legislators
* Grace Diaz, state representative from the 11th district (2005–present)
* Ramon Perez, state representative from the 13th district (2017–2019, 2021–present)
* Myrth York, former state senator from the 2nd district (1991–1995)
Individuals
* Eva Longoria, actress and director
* Luis A. Miranda Jr., founder of Hispanic Federation and Latino Victory Fund board member
Organizations
* CHC BOLD PAC
* EMILY's List
* Latino Victory Fund
* NewDem Action Fund
Labor unions
* International Union of Painters and Allied Trades district council 11
* Laborers' International Union of North America
State legislators
* Jose Batista, state representative from the 12th district (2021–present)
* Jeanine Calkin, former state senator from the 30th district (2017–2018, 2021–2023) (her policy co-chair)
* Enrique Sanchez, state representative from the 9th district (2023–present)
* Scott Slater, state representative from the 10th district (2009–present)
Local officials
* Pamela Azar, Lincoln town councilor (2019–present) and former 2023 candidate for this seat
* Justin Roias, Providence City Councilor from the 4th ward (2023–present)
U.S. senators
* Bernie Sanders, U.S. senator from Vermont (2007–present)
U.S. representatives
* Greg Casar, U.S. representative from TX-35 (2023–present)
* Rosa DeLauro, U.S. representative from CT-3 (1991–present)
* Jared Huffman, U.S. representative from CA-2 (2013–present)
* Ro Khanna, U.S. representative from CA-17 (2017–present)
* Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, U.S. representative from NY-14 (2019–present)
* Delia Ramirez, U.S. representative from IL-3 (2023–present)
* Jamie Raskin, U.S. representative from MD-8 (2017–present)
* Jan Schakowsky, U.S. representative from IL-9 (2009–present)
State legislators
* J. Clement Cicilline, former state senator (1993–2003), uncle of David Cicilline
* Chris Larson, Wisconsin State Senator from the 11th district (2011–present) and former Wisconsin senate minority leader
* Tiara Mack, Member of the Rhode Island Senate from the 6th district (2021–present)
* Linda Ujifusa, state senator from the 50th district (2023–present)
* 10 state representatives
Local officials
* Susan Anderbois, Providence City Councilor from the 3rd ward (2023–present)
* Helen Anthony, Providence City Councilor from the 2nd ward (2019–present)
* Rachel Miller, Providence City Council President (2023–present) from the 13th ward (2018–present)
Individuals
* Vanessa Carlton, singer
* Steven Donziger, human rights lawyer
* Jane Fonda, actress and activist
Labor unions
* Association of Flight Attendants
* Communications Workers of America Local 1400
Organizations
* 350.org Climate Action Rhode Island
* Center for Biological Diversity
* Climate Hawks Vote
* Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC
* Freethought Equality Fund
* Friends of the Earth Action
* Food & Water Action
* J Street PAC
* Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs
* Our Revolution
* Progressive Democrats of America
* Rhode Island Working Families Party
U.S. representatives
* David Cicilline, former U.S. representative from RI-01 (2011–2023)
* Brad Schneider, U.S. representative from IL-10 (2013–2015, 2017–present) (Regunberg's uncle)
Political parties
* Rhode Island Democratic Party
Labor unions
* Service Employees International Union
Organizations
* Rhode Island Democratic Socialists of America
Newspapers
* Beacon Communications
* The Boston Globe
* Breeze Publications
* Providence Business News
* The Providence Journal
* The Westerly Sun

### Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of August 16, 2023 :
| Candidate | Raised | Spent | Cash on hand |
| Gabe Amo (D) | $604,406 | $449,164 | $155,242 |
| Stephanie Beauté (D) | $16,201 | $11,144 | $5,056 |
| Walter Berbrick (D) | $183,456 | $132,976 | $50,480 |
| Sandra Cano (D) | $307,352 | $247,796 | $59,556 |
| Stephen Casey (D) | $87,008 | $48,646 | $1,817 |
| John Gonclaves (D) | $190,236 | $164,644 | $25,592 |
| Sabina Matos (D) | $578,972 | $452,718 | $126,254 |
| Ana Quezada (D) | $87,255 | $57,869 | $29,385 |
| Aaron Regunberg (D) | $629,821 | $438,556 | $191,265 |
| Source: Federal Election Commission ||||

### Debates and candidate forums

| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Gabe Amo | Stephanie Beauté | Walter Berbrick | Sandra Cano | Donald Carlson | Stephen Casey | Spencer Dickinson | John Goncalves | Sabina Matos | Ana Quezada | Aaron Regunberg | Allen Waters |
| 1 | Jul. 19, 2023 | Ray-ality TV | Raymond Baccari Jr. Ryan Lukowicz | YouTube (part 1) YouTube (part 2) | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P |
| 2 | Aug. 17, 2023 | Roger Williams University | Edward Fitzpatrick Steph Machado | YouTube | P | P | P | P | P | P | N | P | P | P | P | N |
| 3 | Aug. 22, 2023 | Rhode Island College Rhode Island PBS The Providence Journal The Public's Radio | Patrick Anderson Ian Donnis | YouTube | P | P | P | P | P | P | N | P | P | P | P | N |
| 4 | Aug. 31, 2023 | WJAR | Brian Crandall | YouTube | N | P | N | P | W | P | N | N | N | P | P | P |
| 5 | Sep. 1, 2023 | WJAR | Brian Crandall | YouTube | P | N | P | N | W | N | P | P | P | N | N | N |

### Polling

| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Marvin Abney | Gabe Amo | Nick Autiello | Sandra Cano | Don Carlson | John Goncalves | Sabina Matos | Aaron Regunberg | Other | Undecided |
| | August 27, 2023 | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race | Carlson withdraws from the race |
| Global Strategy Group (D) | August 15–17, 2023 | 451 (V) | – | – | 19% | – | 11% | 8% | – | 11% | 28% | 8% | 15% |
| | July 19, 2023 | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race | Autiello withdraws from the race |
| | July 18, 2023 | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race | Abney is disqualified from the race |
| Lake Research Partners (D) | July 12–16, 2023 | 300 (V) | – | 4% | 6% | 5% | 7% | 2% | 4% | 20% | 12% | – | 33% |
| RMG Research | June 28–30, 2023 | 300 (LV) | ± 5.7% | – | 8% | – | – | 3% | – | 17% | 22% | – | 48% |
| Expedition Strategies | June 5–8, 2023 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 4% | 3% | 3% | 6% | 2% | 5% | 22% | 9% | 4% | 43% |

### Results

Democratic primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Gabe Amo | 12,946 | 32.4 |
| | Democratic | Aaron Regunberg | 9,960 | 24.9 |
| | Democratic | Sandra Cano | 5,574 | 13.9 |
| | Democratic | Sabina Matos | 3,210 | 8.0 |
| | Democratic | Stephen Casey | 2,329 | 5.8 |
| | Democratic | Walter Berbrick | 1,453 | 3.6 |
| | Democratic | Ana Quezada | 1,415 | 3.5 |
| | Democratic | John Goncalves | 1,118 | 2.8 |
| | Democratic | Donald Carlson (withdrawn) | 690 | 1.7 |
| | Democratic | Allen Waters | 503 | 1.3 |
| | Democratic | Stephanie Beauté | 428 | 1.1 |
| | Democratic | Spencer Dickinson | 354 | 0.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 39,980 | 100.0 |

## Republican primary
### Candidates
#### Nominee

* Gerry Leonard Jr., operations executive and retired U.S. Marine Corps officer

#### Eliminated in primary

* Terri Flynn, former Middletown town councilor

#### Disqualified

* Gary Fagnant, nurse
* William Lebron Jr.

#### Declined

* Robert Flanders, former Associate Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court (1996–2004) and nominee for U.S. Senate in 2018
* Aaron Guckian, fundraising consultant, former aide to then-governor Donald Carcieri, and nominee for lieutenant governor of Rhode Island in 2022
* John Loughlin, former state representative from the 71st district (2005–2010) and nominee for this district in 2010
* Brian Newberry, state representative from the 48th district (2009–present) and former RI House Minority Leader (2011–2017)

### Endorsements

State legislators
* Jessica de la Cruz, Minority Leader of the Rhode Island Senate (2022–present) from the 23rd district (2019–present)
Political parties
* Rhode Island Republican Party

### Debate and forum

2023 Rhode Island's 1st congressional district republican primary debate and candidate forum :
| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Republican | Republican |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | | |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Terri Flynn | Gerry Leonard |
| 1 | Aug. 24, 2023 | The Providence Journal The Public's Radio Rhode Island PBS | Patrick Anderson Ian Donnis | YouTube | P | P |
| 2 | Sep. 1, 2023 | WJAR | Gene Valicenti | YouTube | P | P |

### Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of August 16, 2023 :
| Candidate | Raised | Spent | Cash on hand |
| Gerry Leonard Jr. (R) | $122,221 | $11,138 | $111,082 |
| Source: Federal Election Commission ||||

### Results

Republican primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Gerry Leonard Jr. | 3,076 | 75.7 |
| | Republican | Terri Flynn | 989 | 24.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,065 | 100.0 |

## Independents
### Disqualified

* Stephen Earle
* Joseph Jean-Philippe, community college instructor
* Jeffrey Lemire, construction worker and perennial candidate
* Richard O'Shea, nurse
* C. D. Reynolds
* Paul Rianna Jr., nursing assistant and candidate for Governor of Rhode Island in 2022
* John Dale Ritchie
* Julian J. Smith, IT manager
* John Vitkevich, realtor and community activist

### Declined

* Arlene Violet, former Republican Rhode Island Attorney General (1985–1987)

## General election
### Predictions

| Source | Ranking | As of |
| Inside Elections | Safe D | February 23, 2023 |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe D | February 22, 2023 |
| The Cook Political Report | Safe D | July 25, 2023 |
| Politico | Safe D | August 29, 2023 |

### Polling

| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Gabe Amo (D) | Gerry Leonard (R) | Undecided |
| Salve Regina University/Embold Research | October 12–17, 2023 | 386 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 46% | 35% | 15% |

### Results

2023 Rhode Island's 1st congressional district special election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Gabe Amo | 43,290 | 64.73 | +0.70 |
| | Republican | Gerry Leonard Jr. | 23,393 | 34.98 | −0.78 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 193 | 0.29 | +0.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 66,876 | 100.00 | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
By county :
| County | Gabe Amo Democratic | Gabe Amo Democratic | Gerry Leonard Jr. Republican | Gerry Leonard Jr. Republican | Write-in | Write-in | Margin | Margin | Total votes |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total votes |
| Bristol | 7,465 | 67.16% | 3,618 | 32.55% | 33 | 0.30% | 3,847 | 34.61% | 11,116 |
| Newport | 10,025 | 62.97% | 5,865 | 36.84% | 31 | 0.19% | 4,160 | 26.13% | 15,921 |
| Providence (part) | 25,800 | 64.76% | 13,910 | 34.92% | 129 | 0.32% | 11,890 | 29.85% | 39,839 |
| Total | 43,290 | 64.73% | 23,393 | 34.98% | 193 | 0.29% | 19,897 | 29.75% | 66,876 |