# Frans Kaisiepo International Airport

Frans Kaisiepo Airport (IATA: BIK, ICAO: WABB) is an airport on Biak island, in Papua, Indonesia. It is also known as Mokmer Airport. The airport is named after Frans Kaisiepo (1921–1979), the fourth Governor of Papua. The airport has seven aircraft parking slots, of which two are capable of handling wide-body aircraft, and a small terminal without jet bridges. The airport's only runway is 3,571m long, designated as 11/29.
The airport area and runway is also shared with Manuhua Air Force Base, a Type A airbase of the Indonesian Air Force. The airbase is named after Major (Posth.) Lambertus Manuhua, an Air Force commando that was killed during combat in 1962. Starting on 13 June 2019, it served as the homebase of the 27th Air Squadron, operating CN-235 transport aircraft.

## History

As World War II started in the Asia-Pacific region, Japan started occupying New Guinea in 1942. In an effort to win the war, some naval bases and military airbases were built there. This also happened in Biak, particularly at the village of Ambroben, where Mokmer Airfield was built. It had a 2,000 m long, 40 m wide runway and was built by Romusha workers.
Japan then attempted to build a second military airfield in Samao county. However, the airfield was never completed and abandoned when Allied troops attacked Japan's military and defense bases. Meanwhile, Mokmer Airfield was completed and was now capable of supporting Japan's military aircraft, either single-engine or twin-engine.
The allied troops landed at Biak on 16 November 1944. With the most complex equipment of that time, they built many military facilities, including air services for troop mobility, logistic hub, and defense base. Two other airfields were built at Biak; Boroku Airfield in Boroku Subdistrict (now used by the Indonesian Air Force as the HQ for the Manuhua Air Force Base) and Sorido Airfield in the village of Samau (now used by the Indonesian Navy Aviation). Mokmer Airfield's runway was extended to 3,000 X 40 m. This airfield was used by the Royal Australian Air Force. The allied troops ended their presence in Biak in 1945.

### World War II

Mokmer Airfield was part of a complex of airfields built on Biak Island by the Japanese (Mokmer, Boroku, and Sorido), of which Mokmer was the main USAAF facility after the island was taken by the United States after fierce fighting in late May and June 1944.
The Battle of Biak Island came about after a succession of Japanese defeats in 1943 and 1944 along the northern coast of New Guinea. Biak became a Japanese stronghold, which they were determined to hold to the last man. Unknown to the advancing Allies, the Japanese began fortifying the island and when the Allies invaded on 27 May 1944, the Japanese put up a fierce defense. The only tank vs. tank battle in New Guinea occurred on Biak, where Japanese Ha-Go light tanks were knocked out by American Sherman tanks. Japanese soldiers were well entrenched in the interior of the island in limestone caves and fortifications, a trend that would be seen again in islands like Palau. These entrenched troops fought an excellent defense and the casualties at Biak were high - for the American Army, 435 KIA and 2,360 WIA. The Japanese lost an estimated 6,125 KIA, with 460 POWs, and 360 Formosan POWs.

### Major Allied units stationed on Biak Island

* 38th Bombardment Group (1–15 October 1944)
* 90th Bombardment Group (10 August 1944 – 26 January 1945)
* 345th Bombardment Group (July – 12 November 1944)
* 49th Fighter Group (5 June – 24 October 1944)
* 475th Fighter Group (14 July – 28 October 1944)
* 6th Reconnaissance Group (August – 3 November 1944)
* 71st Reconnaissance Group (8 August – 5 November 1944)
* 91st Reconnaissance Wing (10 August – 12 November 1944)
* 2d Combat Cargo Group (November 1944 – May 1945)
* 54th Troop Carrier Wing (5 October 1944 – 14 February 1945)
* 374th Troop Carrier Group (14 October 1944 – 28 May 1945)
* 375th Troop Carrier Group (14 October 1944 – 28 May 1945)

### Postwar

Postwar, the airfield complex became a major reclamation site for all types of surplus Allied aircraft.
Mokmer Airfield is located to the west of Mokmer village on Biak, parallel to the coastline and the Yapen Strait and is the only one of the three currently used as an airport and is now called Frans Kaisiepo International Airport. Mokmer Airfield also became a major refueling point for airline flights from the United States to destinations in Indonesia, prior to non-stop cross Pacific flights. On 16 July 1957, KLM Flight 844 crashed into Cenderawasih Bay shortly after takeoff. 58 out of 68 passengers on board the Lockheed 1049E Super Constellation propliner perished.
Boroku Airfield is located to the northwest of Mokmer, and is clearly visible on aerial photography. After the war the airfield was used by the Dutch who had kept it as a military airfield, flying P-2V Neptunes and later Hawker Hunters from the base until the withdrawal of Dutch forces in 1962. After the Dutch withdrawal, the airfield was used by the Indonesian Air Force. On 21 April 1969, Boroku Airfield was renamed to Manuhua Airfield. The aerial operation of the Manuhua Airfield was later moved to the current Frans Kaisiepo Airport. At least by 1992, the airfield was disused.
Sorido Airfield is due west of Mokmer, along the beach. Not used as an airfield after the American liberation, it became a Fifth Air Force Air Depot area; however, the old runways are evident in aerial photography.
The government of Netherlands soon took over the airfield. After Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, commercial flights started to operate to and from Biak, using Boroku Airfield which had a 2,000 m runway. Mokmer airfield wasn't in use that time and this continued into 1951. Because of a letter from Nieuw Guinea's governor (number 38/a.2/1935,dated 17 September 1953), Boroku Airfield was closed. Since then, the government started to search for another airport site. The choice was then finalized to the former RAAF and Allied troop airbase, Mokmer Airfield.
At first phase, the airport was revamped to accommodate piston airliners such as the Douglas DC-3. This phase was completed in 1954.
With the advent of jet airliners such as the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8, the airport went through another modernization to start accommodating them. This modernization was completed in 1959. Sorido Airfield was closed to civilian traffic and is now used by the Indonesian Navy's Naval Aviation in Biak.

### International era (1951-2024)

The first international flight was to Amsterdam via Tokyo, which operated by KLM from 1951 to 1962, as of 1970s. There are no scheduled international flights, which only served domestic flights to Ambon, Makassar, Jayapura, Sorong, Timika, Nabire, Manokwari and Manado (via Sorong)
International flights resumed in November 1986 when Garuda Indonesia airlines ran a flight from Jakarta to Los Angeles in the US, via Bali, Biak, and Honolulu; Biak was designated as a refueling stopover before flying the Trans-Pacific leg. In 1993, Garuda flew four times a week to Honolulu and Los Angeles with their Boeing 747-200 Combi and McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 wide body jetliners.
In 1990, the airport's management and operation was handed over to Angkasa Pura I.
Following the earthquake and tsunami in February 1996, the airport closed until further notice. Soon after the earthquake, the airport reopened. In 1998. due to financial crisis, Honolulu flights were ended and it only serves domestic flights (which operated by two airlines including Garuda and Merpati).
In December 2017, two Tu-95 strategic bombers belonging to the Russian Air Force exercised at the Manuhua airbase, prompting RAAF Base Darwin in Australia to raise its alert level.
In April 2024, the Ministry of Transportation revoked the airport's licence to serve international flights.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| BBN Airlines operated by Sriwijaya Air | Charter: Jayapura |
| Lion Air | Jayapura, Makassar |
| Sriwijaya Air | Jayapura, Makassar |
| Trigana Air | Serui |
| Travira Air | Charter: Sorong, Manokwari, Babo |

### Airlines previously served flights to Biak

* Garuda Indonesia (sole operator, 1962-2024)
* Merpati Nusantara Airlines (early 70's-2014)
* Pan American Airways (until 1962)

## Ground transportation

Taxis and civil transport cars (Angkot) can be used as public transport alongside private vehicles.

## Terminals

There is a terminal with a check-in hall, a departure hall, and an arrival hall.
* Terminal area: 1,367 square meters
* Passenger capacity: up to 100,000 passengers per year
The terminal is equipped with numerous facilities including a mosque, public telephone boxes, Automated Teller Machines (ATM), restaurants, and souvenir shops.