# Indigo 11

The Indigo 11 are a group of eleven protestors against the Israel–Hamas war in Canada who were arrested in November 2023 following vandalism of an Indigo Books and Music outlet in Toronto, Ontario on the anniversary of Kristallnacht.

## Background

The Israel–Hamas war broke out in October 2023, after a Hamas-led attack killed over a thousand Israelis and abducted over 200. The subsequent response by Israel has killed over 40 000 Palestinians, and has been characterised by some experts as a potential genocide. There have been a number of protests against the war in Canada, as well as a significant increase in antisemitism.
Indigo Books and Music is a major English-language bookstore chain in Canada. Indigo was founded by Jewish-Canadian businesswoman Heather Reisman. Reisman has philantropically supported former Israeli military lone soldiers through the HESEG Foundation, which she co-founded with Gerry Schwartz.

## History

On 10 November 2023, an Indigo Books and Music bookstore in downtown Toronto was targeted by vandalism, with red paint being thrown over the storefront along with graffiti targeting Indigo CEO Heather Reisman. This took place on the 85th anniversary to the day of Kristallnacht ("Crystal Night"), when Germany's Nazi forces targeted Jewish businesses for vandalism, breaking windows and abducting and murdering many Jews.
On 14 November, Toronto Police arrested one person over the vandalism. Ten more were arrested on 22 November, in a series of armed police raids in the middle of the night. The next day, the police announced that the eleven arrested would be charged with criminal mischief over $5,000 as well as conspiracy to commit an indictable offence, and that the vandalism was being investigated as a hate-motivated offence. On 30 November, the police further announced that the 11 would each be charged with an additional count of criminal harassment.
Several of the arrested were identified as faculty members of York University. The university suspended those faculty members.
In early-January 2024, the first court hearing was held for the case in the Ontario Court of Justice. On 17 May 2024, charges against four of the 11 were dropped.
In November 2024, lawyers for the accused filed an application to the court after documents were released revealing that Reisman had spoken directly to Toronto Police chief Myron Demkiw within hours of the vandalism.

## Reactions

The case provoked significant debate about antisemitism, the right to protest, and academic freedom in Canada.
Liberal Party of Canada MP and former Minister of Public Safety Marco Mendicino called the vandalism "a vile coordinated attack intent on doing harm to [Reisman's] business" perpetrated "for the simple reason that she is Jewish and supports a charitable effort in Israel." Former Canadian Anti-Hate Network chair Bernie Farber described the vandalism as a "classic case" of antisemitism, saying that when the Jews "see this kind of attack on Jewish businesses, we see our history flashing before our eyes." The Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies called the vandalism "a vile antisemitic attack."
At a Jews Say No to Genocide Coalition event, Canadian author Naomi Klein described the case as "an attack on political speech the likes of which I have not seen in Canada in my lifetime." Academic Faisal Kutty called the arrests "incredibly expensive and aggressive" and warned that the case risked "disrepute to the concept of hate-motivated crimes, and the Canadian justice system."
In January 2024, Global News reported that not all of the eleven may have known each other before being arrested. The Global News investigation found no "overt connection" between all eleven, but did find that at least six of the eleven had previously been involved in a Toronto branch of No one is illegal.
The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association called for York University to reinstate Wood, saying that "her suspension further contributes to the chilly environment in respect of expressing pro-Palestinian views on Canadian university campuses." The International Sociological Association also released a statement calling for Wood to be reinstated, saying that her suspension undermined "the fundamental right and, indeed, the core responsibility of academics to freely speak out about public matters as citizens and scholars without fear of reprisal" and had been done "despite vigorous opposition from the Department of Sociology at York." The Canadian Sociological Association also released a statement calling for Wood to be reinstated.