# English translations of the Quran

Following is a list of English translations of the Quran. The first translations were created in the 17th and 19th centuries by non-Muslims, but the majority of existing translations have been produced in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The earliest known English translation is The Alcoran (1649) which is attributed to Alexander Ross, chaplain to King Charles I. It was translated from the French translation, L'Alcoran de Mahomet, by the Sieur du Ryer.
The Koran, Commonly Called the Alcoran of Mohammed (1734) was the first scholarly translation of the Quran and was the most widely available English translation for 200 years and is still in print. George Sale based this two-volume translation on the Latin translation by Louis Maracci (1698). Thomas Jefferson had a copy of Sale's translation, now in the Library of Congress, that was used for House Representative Keith Ellison's oath of office ceremony on 3 January 2007.
Muslims did not begin translating the Quran into English until the early 20th century. The Qur'an (1910) was translated by Mirza Abul Fazl of Allahabad, India. He was the first Muslim to present a translation of the Qur'an in English. The English Translation of the Holy Qur'an with Commentary (1917), translated by Maulana Muhammad Ali, was "the first English translation by an Ahmadiyyah follower to be generally available and to be made accessible to the West." Muhammad Ali was the leader of the Lahori Ahmadis. Wallace Fard Muhammad, the founder of the Nation of Islam, exclusively used Ali's translation.
The Koran Interpreted (1955) by Arthur Arberry was the first English translation of the Quran by an academic scholar of Arabic, Islam, and Sufism. Arberry attempted to maintain the rhythms and cadence of the Arabic text. For many years, it was the scholarly standard for English translations.
The Holy Qur'an: Arabic Text and English Translation (1990) was the first translation by a Muslim woman, Amatul Rahman Omar.
The Noble Quran: Meaning With Explanatory Notes (2007) by Taqi Usmani is the first English translation of the Quran ever written by a traditionalist Deobandi scholar.
In October 2023, "The Glorious Quran - English Translation with annotations based on earliest authoritative sources" a new translation of the Quran by Zafarul-Islam Khan was released.

## Non-Muslim translations

* The Alcoran, Translated Out of Arabic into French. By the Andrew du Ryer, Lord of Malezair, and Resident for the French King, at Alexandria. And Newly Englished, for the Satisfaction of all that Desire to Look into the Turkish Vanities. London: Anno Dom, 1649.
* The Koran, Commonly Called the Alcoran of Mohammed, tr. into English Immediately from the Original Arabic; with Explanatory Notes, Taken from the Most Approved Commentators. To Which Is Prefixed a Preliminary Discourse. Translated by George Sale. London: C. Ackers, 1734, available online at al-quran.info.
* The Koran. Translated by John Medows Rodwell. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1861.
* The Quran. Translated by E.H. Palmer. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880.
* The Qur'an: Translated, with a Critical Re-arrangement of the Surahs. Translated by Richard Bell. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1939.
* The Koran Interpreted. 2 volumes. Translated by Arthur Arberry. New York: Macmillan, 1955.
* The Koran: A New Translation. Translated by N. J. Dawood. New York: Penguin, 1956.
* The Qur'an: A New Translation. Translated by Thomas Cleary. United States: Starlatch Press, 2004. ISBN 9781929694440.
* The Qur'an. Translated by Alan Jones. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0906094648
* The Qur'an: A New Annotated Translation. Translated by Arthur J. Droge. Sheffield: Equinox Publishing Limited, 2012. ISBN 978-1845539443
* The Qur'an (Norton Critical Editions). Translated by Jane Dammen McAuliffe. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2017. ISBN 978-0-393-92705-4.
* The Critical Qur'an: Explained from Key Islamic Commentaries and Contemporary Historical Research. Translated by Robert Spencer. New York: Bombardier Books, 2022. ISBN 978-1642939491