# Visa policy of Vietnam

Visitors to Vietnam must obtain either an e-Visa or a visa in advance, unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries.

## Visa exemption
### Ordinary passports

Holders of ordinary passports of the following countries may enter Vietnam without a visa (including all ASEAN member states).
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam, the maximum allowed period of stay depends on nationality:
| Chile | Panama |
| Czechia  Denmark  Finland  France  Germany | Italy  Japan  Norway  Poland  Russia | South Korea  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  United Kingdom |
| Belarus  Cambodia  Indonesia  Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan  Laos  Malaysia  Mongolia | Myanmar  Singapore  Thailand |
* Philippines
* Brunei
* Date of visa changes
* 15 July 1985: Kyrgyzstan (signed as USSR)
* 1 April 2000: Philippines
* 9 July 2000: Thailand
* 21 November 2001: Malaysia
* 1 December 2003: Singapore
* 4 December 2003: Indonesia
* 1 January 2004: Japan
* 5 March 2004: Laos
* 1 July 2004: South Korea
* 1 May 2005: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
* 8 August 2007: Brunei
* 4 December 2008: Cambodia
* 1 January 2009: Russia (resumed)
* 26 October 2013: Myanmar
* 1 July 2015: Belarus (unilateral), France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom
* 11 August 2017: Chile
* 1 January 2020: Myanmar (extended from 14 to 30 days)
* 15 January 2021: Panama
* 7 March 2024: Mongolia
* 25 May 2024: Kazakhstan
* 30 January 2025: Belarus (mutual)
* 1 March 2025: Switzerland, Czechia, and Poland
* Cancelled:
* Russia: 20 February 1994 (was resumed in 2009)
In addition, citizens of China, Cuba and North Korea who have a passport for public affairs or ordinary passports endorsed "for public affairs" may enter Vietnam without a visa.

### Certificate of visa exemption

Holders of certificates of visa exemption do not require a visa regardless of nationality. A certificate of visa exemption is valid for up to 5 years or up to 6 months before the passport expiration date (whichever is shorter). This is available for Vietnamese residing abroad or spouses or children of Vietnamese citizens or Vietnamese residing abroad.
The exemption is valid for 180 consecutive days of stay. There is no limit on the number of entries and exits during the stay or the minimum waiting time between each 180-day stay.

### APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of passports issued by the following countries who possess an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) containing "VNM" on the back of the card may enter Vietnam without a visa for business trips for up to 60 days.
ABTCs are issued to citizens of:
| Australia  Brunei  Chile  China  Hong Kong  Indonesia  Japan  South Korea  Malaysia | Mexico  New Zealand  Papua New Guinea  Peru  Philippines  Russia  Singapore  Taiwan  Thailand |

### Non-ordinary passports

Holders of diplomatic or official / service passports of the following countries may enter Vietnam without a visa for the following period:
| Albania  Argentina  Armenia  Bulgaria  Colombia  Costa Rica  Côte d'Ivoire  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic$^D$ | Dominican Republic  Ecuador  El Salvador  Estonia$^D$  France  Germany  Hungary  Italy  Israel$^D$  Japan | Jordan  Malta$^D$  Mexico  Moldova  Montenegro  Morocco$^D$  Nicaragua  Panama  Poland$^D$  Romania | Russia  Serbia  Slovakia$^D$  Slovenia  South Korea  Spain  Switzerland$^D$  Tunisia$^D$  Turkey  Uruguay |
| Afghanistan$^D$  Algeria  Angola  Azerbaijan  Bangladesh  Belarus  Bolivia  Brazil  Chile | China  Cuba  Egypt  India  Iraq  Kazakhstan  Kuwait  Mongolia | Mozambique  Nepal  North Korea  Pakistan  Paraguay  Peru  Saudi Arabia  Seychelles | South Africa  Sri Lanka  Sudan  Timor-Leste  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates  Uzbekistan  United Kingdom$^D$ |
* Brunei
$_{D-Diplomaticpassportsonly.}$

### Future changes

Vietnam has signed visa exemption agreements with the following countries, but they have not yet entered into force:
| Country | Passports | Agreement signed on |
| Nigeria | Diplomatic, official | October 2019 |
| Botswana | Diplomatic, service | August 2019 |
| Lithuania | Diplomatic | 23 January 2019 |
| Ethiopia | Diplomatic, service | August 2018 |
| Cameroon | Diplomatic, service | December 2017 |
In November 2023, the authorities in Vietnam proposed to abolish visas for citizens of China and India. In July 2024 Prime Minister of Vietnam instructed relevant ministries to work on expanding the list of visa exemption eligible countries.

## Electronic visa (e-Visa)

Vietnam introduced a pilot electronic visa system on 1 February 2017.
Starting from August 15, 2023, an e-Visa is issued to citizens of all countries and territories and is issued for single or multiple entry up to 90 days. The e-Visa costs 25 (single) or 50 (multiple) USD. The list of border crossings that allow foreigners to enter and exit on an e-Visa includes:
List of international airports
* Noi Bai International Airport, Hanoi
* Tan Son Nhat International Airport, Ho Chi Minh City
* Cam Ranh International Airport
* Da Nang International Airport
* Cat Bi International Airport, Hai Phong
* Can Tho International Airport
* Phu Quoc International Airport
* Phu Bai International Airport, Hue
* Van Don International Airport
* Tho Xuan Airport
* Dong Hoi Airport
* Phu Cat Airport
* Lien Khuong Airport
List of road border crossings
* Mong Cai, Quang Ninh Province
* Huu Nghi, Lang Son Province$^{CN}$
* Lao Cai, Lao Cai Province$^{CN}$
* Tay Trang, Dien Bien Province
* Na Meo, Thanh Hoa Province$^{LA}$
* Nam Can, Nghe An Province$^{LA}$
* Cau Treo, Ha Tinh Province$^{LA}$
* Cha Lo, Quang Binh Province$^{LA}$
* La Lay, Quang Tri Province$^{LA}$
* Lao Bao, Quang Tri Province$^{LA}$
* Bo Y, Kon Tum Province$^{LA}$
* Moc Bai, Tay Ninh Province
* Xa Mat, Tay Ninh Province$^{KH}$
* Tinh Bien, An Giang Province$^{KH}$
* Vinh Xuong, An Giang Province$^{KH}$
* Ha Tien, Kien Giang Province$^{KH}$
List of sea border crossings
* Hon Gai Port, Quang Ninh Province
* Cam Pha Port, Quang Ninh Province
* Hai Phong Port, Hai Phong city
* Nghi Son Port, Thanh Hoa Province
* Vung Ang Port, Ha Tinh Province
* Chan May Port, Thua Thien Hue Province
* Da Nang Port, Da Nang City
* Nha Trang Port, Khanh Hoa Province
* Quy Nhon Port, Binh Dinh Province
* Dung Quat Port, Quang Ngai Province
* Vung Tau Port, Ba Ria Province - Vung Tau
* Ho Chi Minh City Port, Ho Chi Minh City
* Duong Dong Port, Kien Giang Province
e-Visa holders who present a Chinese biometric ordinary passport upon arrival must exchange their e-Visa for a free paper visa at the port of entry. This is because the passport contains a disputed map of the South China Sea, and the Vietnamese government refuses to stamp on it.

## Investor visas
### Investor visas in Vietnam 2024

| Code | Description | Length |
| DT1 | Investments over VND 100 billion (US$4.15 million), or for investment into ‘prioritised’ sectors, professions, or areas of Vietnam. | 5 years |
| DT2 | Investments between VND 50 billion (US$2.07 million) and VND 100 billion (US$4.15 million), or for investment into ‘prioritised’ sectors, professions, or areas of Vietnam. | 5 years |
| DT3 | Investor visa: issued for investors with total investment capital between VND 3 billion (US$125,000) and VND 59 billion (US$2.07 million). | 3 years |
| DT4 | Investor visa: issued for investors with total investment capital less than VND 3 billion (US$125,000). | 12 months |

## Phú Quốc Visa-free Program

Travellers who are not exempted from visa requirements may enter Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days. They must arrive at Phú Quốc directly from a third country, or from airports in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City where they will clear immigration and proceed to the domestic terminals.

## Pre-arranged visa on arrival

Holders of a visa letter issued and stamped in Hanoi or Da Nang or Ho Chi Minh City by the Vietnamese Immigration Department within the Ministry of Public Security or the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 1 or 3 months at airports in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Phu Quoc, Hai Phong, Da Lat or Nha Trang.

## Transit

Passengers of any nationality may transit through Vietnam by air without a visa for less than 24 hours providing that they do not intend to leave the sterile transit area. Staying overnight in the transit lounge is permitted.

## Visitor statistics

Most visitors arriving in Vietnam on short-term basis were from the following countries of nationality:
Data Source: Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism
| Country | 2/2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 3/2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 |
| China | 955,695 | 3,738,126 | 1,743,204 | 71,862 | 871,819 | 6,806,425 | 4,966,468 | 4,008,253 | 2,696,848 | 1,771,654 | 1,949,433 |
| South Korea | 885,142 | 4,568,941 | 3,595,062 | 769,167 | 819,089 | 4,290,802 | 3,485,406 | 2,415,245 | 1,543,883 | 1,152,349 | 849,384 |
| Cambodia* | 142,066 | 474,580 | 402,062 | 140,461 | 120,430 | 227,910 | 202,954 | 222,614 | 211,949 | 220,449 | 397,399 |
| United States | 180,214 | 779,795 | 717,073 | 215,274 | 172,706 | 746,171 | 687,226 | 614,117 | 552,644 | 492,847 | 445,945 |
| Taiwan | 218,302 | 1,288,861 | 851,024 | 89,463 | 192,216 | 926,744 | 714,112 | 616,232 | 507,301 | 425,060 | 391,040 |
| Japan | 147,398 | 711,464 | 589,522 | 128,764 | 200,346 | 951,962 | 826,674 | 798,119 | 740,592 | 677,477 | 648,612 |
| Australia | 104,817 | 490,880 | 390,087 | 99,156 | 92,227 | 383,511 | 386,934 | 370,438 | 320,678 | 323,792 | 322,424 |
| India | 92,214 | 501,427 | 145,340 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Malaysia* | 102,986 | 495,383 | 470,105 | 135,007 | 116,221 | 606,206 | 540,119 | 480,456 | 407,574 | 341,125 | 333,859 |
| Russia | 79,015 | 232,300 | 125,610 | 28,056 | 244,966 | 646,524 | 606,637 | 574,164 | 433,987 | 339,270 | 365,163 |
| Thailand* | 77,982 | 418,054 | 489,174 | 162,567 | 125,725 | 509,802 | 349,310 | 301,587 | 266,984 | 218,025 | 253,503 |
| Philippines* | 64,581 | 265,947 | 153,168 | 36,281 | 36,969 | 179,190 | 151,641 | 133,543 | 110,967 | 101,451 | 104,988 |
| United Kingdom | 72,583 | 306,194 | 253,522 | 67,337 | 81,433 | 315,084 | 298,114 | 283,537 | 254,841 | 214,866 | 203,719 |
| France | 63,046 | 278,943 | 215,508 | 58,107 | 74,480 | 287,655 | 279,659 | 255,369 | 240,808 | 211,780 | 214,569 |
| Germany | 61,325 | 249,517 | 200,425 | 59,975 | 61,465 | 226,792 | 213,986 | 199,872 | 176,015 | 134,784 | 142,843 |
| Singapore* | 51,668 | 347,495 | 328,195 | 128,399 | 51,726 | 308,969 | 286,246 | 277,658 | 257,041 | 237,496 | 202,870 |
| Indonesia* | 35,950 | 184,093 | 105,380 | 26,338 | 21,446 | 106,688 | 87,941 | 81,065 | 69,653 | 65,660 | 68,974 |
| Canada | 40,735 | 152,527 | 133,493 | 37,894 | 41,807 | 159,121 | 149,535 | 138,242 | 122,929 | 105,189 | 105,279 |
| Laos* | 33,583 | 148,655 | 120,522 | 47,002 | 36,810 | 98,492 | 120,009 | 141,588 | 137,004 | 116,349 | 136,658 |
| Italy | 21,189 | 88,912 | 57,054 | 15,051 | 17,774 | 70,798 | 65,562 | 58,041 | 51,265 | 43,202 | 36,509 |
| Poland | 21,331 | 51,157 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Netherlands | 16,120 | 78,043 | 68,057 | 19,756 | 18,265 | 81,092 | 77,300 | 72,277 | 64,712 | 48,862 | 49,837 |
| Sweden | 11,086 | 34,267 | 25,755 | 6,487 | 21,857 | 50,704 | 49,723 | 44,045 | 37,679 | 34,131 | 30,223 |
| New Zealand | 8,635 | 47,963 | 33,730 | 8,681 | 9,470 | 47,088 | 49,854 | 49,115 | 42,588 | 34,731 | 33,385 |
| Spain | 11,636 | 91,370 | 76,087 | 22,511 | 11,783 | 83,597 | 77,071 | 69,528 | 57,957 | 45,483 | 40,824 |
| Denmark | 11,018 | 36,920 | 30,231 | 8,250 | 14,444 | 42,043 | 39,926 | 34,720 | 30,996 | 27,285 | 27,115 |
| Switzerland | 8,171 | 33,584 | 27,929 | 8,025 | 10,845 | 36,577 | 34,541 | 33,123 | 31,475 | 25,765 | 32,315 |
| Norway | 7,832 | 27,936 | 22,717 | 5,235 | 8,958 | 28,037 | 26,134 | 24,293 | 23,110 | 21,130 | 23,165 |
| Belgium | 5,695 | 31,730 | 26,353 | 8,104 | 7,452 | 34,187 | 31,382 | 29,144 | 26,231 | 23,689 | 23,275 |
| Finland | N/A | N/A | 8,618 | 2,476 | 9,994 | 21,480 | 22,785 | 18,236 | 15,953 | 16,283 | 13,867 |
| Hong Kong | N/A | N/A | 112** | 43** | 3,780 | 51,618 | 62,208 | 47,721 | 34,613 | TBA | 14,871 |
| Total | 3,964,399 | 17,583,901 | 12,602,434 | 3,661,222 | 3,686,779 | 18,008,591 | 15,497,791 | 12,922,151 | 10,012,735 | 7,898,852 | 7,887,013 |
* Country in ASEAN ** Incomplete data

## History

Decree No. 390/TTg dated October 27, 1959, on the regulation of passport control, signed by Prime Minister Pham Van Dong, was the first legal document that regulated passport control in Vietnam. Article 1 of the decree states:
   Vietnamese citizens and foreigners entering or leaving the Democratic Republic of Vietnam must carry a passport with a visa issued by the competent authority of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and must present the passport with the visa to the police station at the final place when leaving or the first place when entering.
This means that both Vietnamese citizens and foreigners, when leaving or entering Vietnam, must have a passport and a visa. A person who wants to leave the territory of Vietnam must have an exit visa. Exit visas are administrative procedures imposed to restrict the freedom of citizens of a country to travel abroad. This measure was previously used by many countries, especially socialist countries, to control their citizens and migration issues. Currently, only a very few countries in the world still use exit visas (for example: Saudi Arabia). Therefore, before the Renovation period, the travel of Vietnamese citizens abroad was highly restricted and tightly controlled. Vietnamese individuals were issued passports and exit/entry visas mainly for official work purposes, with decisions made by relevant authorities.
In 1988, Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet issued the Decision of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers No. 48/CT dated February 26, 1988, on allowing Vietnamese citizens to temporarily leave the country to settle personal matters. This decision relaxed the regulations on exit permits "to meet the legitimate aspirations of our people to apply for temporary exit permits to settle personal matters".
In 1993, the Government issued Decree No. 48-CP on passports and visas, which unified the regulations on passport types and visas for the first time. The decree officially abolished entry visas for holders of Vietnamese passports, as stated in Article 10, Clause 3:
   Vietnamese citizens (except Vietnamese citizens residing abroad) holding diplomatic passports, official passports, or ordinary passports are exempt from entry visas to Vietnam.
It was not until 1997 that Prime Minister Phan Van Khai officially abolished the regulation on exit visas for Vietnamese citizens by issuing the Decision No. 957/1997/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on improving some procedures for exit and addressing the issue of Vietnamese citizens who have left the country but have not returned on time, stated in Clause 2, Article 1:
   Vietnamese citizens with valid passports are exempt from exit visas and can pass through Vietnam's international border gates.
As for foreigners, in 2000, the National Assembly abolished exit visas by referring to all types of visas (exit, entry, exit-entry, entry-exit) as visas (valid for entry and exit) in the Ordinance No. 24/2000/PL-UBTVQH10 on Entry, Exit, and Residence of Foreigners in Vietnam by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly.
In 2014, the National Assembly of Vietnam issued the Law on Entry, Exit, Transit, and Residence of Foreigners in Vietnam (No. 47/2014/QH13), which is the highest legal document that regulates all activities related to the entry, exit, transit, and residence of foreigners in Vietnam.