OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Song Ja

Song Ja (born 1936) is a South Korean politician and academic. He has served as chancellor of Yonsei University and Myongji University, and as Minister of Education.

## Career

Song was named a professor of business management at Yonsei University in 1977. He was elevated to the position of twelfth chancellor of Yonsei University in August 1992. In November 1994, Yang Dong-kwan of the Seoul Western District Court ruled that his nomination to the chancellorship had been invalid because he formally had not yet applied for restoration of South Korean citizenship at the time, and so was legally stateless. Song had naturalised as a U.S. citizen in 1978, but gave up U.S. citizenship in 1984. However, an appeal court ruled in May 1995 that his lack of citizenship was not sufficient reason to invalidate his nomination. In January 1997, Song announced that he was resigning from his professorship at Yonsei University.
In June 1997, Song was appointed chancellor of Myongji University, also in Seoul. He became Minister of Education in 2000 during the presidency of Kim Dae-jung. He was the third former Myongji University chancellor to receive a cabinet position in the past decade.

## Personal life

Song was born in 1936 in Daejeon, then known as Taiden. His family is part of the Eunjin Song bongwan. He graduated from Yonsei University in 1960 and received a scholarship from the U.S. to study at Washington University in St. Louis. He obtained U.S. permanent residence through adjustment of status in 1970. He is married and has two daughters.
# Harriet Cains

Harriet Cains (born 17 September 1993) is a British actress. She is best known for her roles as Jem Walker in the BBC Three series In the Flesh (2013–2014) and Philippa Featherington in the Netflix period drama Bridgerton (2020–). She was a bully during school years but may have calmed down in her later years

## Early life and education

Cains is from Nottingham. She took acting classes at a drama club called Circle Up for three years before going on to train at the Television Workshop.

## Career

During her time with the Television Workshop, Cains was cast in short films roles as well as Hollyoaks Later. She became aware of auditions in Manchester for the series In the Flesh and she was cast as Jem Walker. To prepare for the role, Cains watched documentaries about post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety while also talking to people with experience to portray them in a realistic manner.
In 2015, Cains was cast as Louisa Blackwell in Safe House. Since 2016, she has appeared in various supporting roles, including Lizzie Hallum for the crime series Vera and Jade Hopkirk in Line of Duty in early 2017.
At the beginning of July 2017, it was announced that Cains would become a series regular in the second season of the ITV/Netflix series Marcella, as single mum Gail Donovan. The second series began airing in February 2018, with Cains appearing in six episodes.
Cains was a contributing performer of all-female comedy collective Major Labia until 2017.
In 2019, Cains was as cast as Philippa Featherington in the 2020 Shondaland and Netflix period drama Bridgerton, based on the books by Julia Quinn. Cains is set to star opposite Luke Brandon Field in the horror film Video Killed the Radio Star.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | The Love Interest | | Short film |
| 2012 | Human Beings | Jamie | Short film |
| 2016 | Sweet Maddie Stone | Tammy | Short film |
| 2018 | Mercury | Bambi | Short film |
| TBA | Queer Fear | | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Doctors | Sienna Roberts | Episode: "Contact" |
| 2013 | Hollyoaks Later | Harriet Gonzalez | 4 episodes |
| 2013–2014 | In the Flesh | Jem Walker | 9 episodes |
| 2015 | Safe House | Louisa Blackwell | 4 episodes |
| 2016 | Vera | Lizzie Hallum | Episode: "The Moth Catcher" |
| 2017 | No Offence | Sally Hislop | Episode: "Episode #2.4" |
| 2017 | Line of Duty | Jade Hopkirk | Episode: "In the Shadow of the Truth" |
| 2018 | Marcella | Gail Davidson | 6 episodes |
| 2020 | Urban Myths | Kathy Etchingham | Episode: "Hendrix & Handel" |
| 2020–present | Bridgerton | Philippa Featherington/Finch | |
| 2022 | The Bastard Son & The Devil Himself | Hazel | Episode: "Episode #1.2" |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Notes | Ref. |
| 2018 | European Short Film Festival of Nice | European Competition: Female Interpretation | Mercury | Won | Shared with Isabella Laughland | |
| 2021 | Screen Actors Guild Awards | Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series | Bridgerton | Nominated | | |
# Gilberto Hernández Ortega

Gilberto Hernández Ortega (21 December 1923 – 23 October 1979) was an artist from the Dominican Republic. He is considered a leading painter of his generation.

## Early life and education

He was born in Baní, Peravia Province, in 1923 but was raised in Santo Domingo. He was great-grandson of Pierre André Frier, a Frenchman.
Ortega first studied art under Celeste Woss y Gil at her private academy. Undecided about his career, he studied engineering for more than two years before committing to pursuing painting. He enrolled in the National School of Fine Arts, where he studied under Woss y Gil once again, as well as Josep Gausachs and George Hausdorf. Ortega was particularly influenced by Gausachs, maintaining a close relationship with the older artist until Gausachs's death in 1959. In addition to Gausachs, he worked closely with Jaime Colson and Clara Ledesma. Other sources of inspiration included Cuban artists Wifredo Lam and Mario Carreño Morales.

## Career

In 1946, Ortega had his first solo exhibition, exhibiting 63 paintings and drawings. He also exhibited abroad, with his first international solo exhibition being held in Caracas, Venezuela, in 1951. Other international shows included exhibitions in the United States, Spain, Argentina, Brazil, Israel and Taiwan. In addition, he was awarded prizes in national Biennial art events in 1952, 1958 and 1974.
He also taught art for many years. Ortega became a professor at the National School of Fine Arts in 1946 and was named vice director in 1954. In 1966, he opened a private art school in Santo Domingo. During his many years of teaching, Ortega had a significant influence on major Dominican artists, including Ada Balcácer, Iván Tovar, Ramón Oviedo and Elsa Núñez.
While primarily a Surrealist, he also experimented with Expressionism and Abstraction. Most of Ortega's paintings are figurative, depicting distorted human forms. Although dark colors such as blues, violets, grays, greens, browns and black predominate, his palette is often enlivened with vibrant yellows, oranges and reds.

## Death

Ortega died in Santo Domingo in 1979.
# Leidyosuchus

Leidyosuchus (meaning "Leidy's crocodile") is an extinct genus of alligatoroid from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. It was named in 1907 by Lawrence Lambe, and the type species is L. canadensis. It is known from a number of specimens from the middle Campanian age Dinosaur Park Formation. It was a medium-sized alligatoroid, with a maximum skull length greater than 40 centimeters (16 in).
A number of species had been assigned to this genus over the years, including: L. acutidentatus (Sternberg, 1932), from the Paleocene of Saskatchewan; L. formidabilis (Erickson, 1976), from the Paleocene of North Dakota and Wyoming; L. gilmorei (Mook, 1942), from the Campanian of Alberta; L. multidentatus (Mook, 1930); L. riggsi (Schmidt, 1938); L. sternbergii (Gilmore, 1910), from the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming; and L. wilsoni (Mook, 1959), from the Eocene of Wyoming. However, in 1997 Chris Brochu reevaluated the genus and reassigned most of the species, transferring L. acutidentatus, L. formidabilis, L. sternbergii, and L. wilsoni to the new genus Borealosuchus, and L. multidentatus to the new genus Listrognathosuchus, proposing L. gilmorei as a synonym of L. canadensis, and finding L. riggsi to be too fragmentary to be determinable.
Leidyosuchus is one of the basal-most members of the superfamily Alligatoroidea. Leidyosuchus's placement within Alligatoroidea can be shown in the cladogram below, based on a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates that simultaneously used morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data.
# Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia

The Eparchy of Kolomyia is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchy of the Catholic Church situated in Ukraine. The eparchy is suffragan to the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk. The eparchy was established on 20 April 1993.

## History

* 20 April 1993: Established as Eparchy of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi from the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk.
* 12 September 2017: Lost territory to establish the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Chernivtsi

## Eparchial and auxiliary bishops

The following is a list of the bishops of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi and their terms of service:
* (20 Apr 1993 – 12 Dec 2004) Pavlo Vasylyk
       (13 May 2003 – 12 Dec 2004) Volodymyr Viytyshyn, coadjutor bishop
* (12 Dec 2004 – 2 Jun 2005) Volodymyr Viytyshyn
* (2 Jun 2005 – 21 May 2013) Mykola Simkaylo
* (22 May 2013 – 13 Feb 2014) Vasyl Ivasyuk, titular bishop of Benda, Archiepiscopal Administrator
* (since 13 Feb 2014 – ) Vasyl Ivasyuk
       (since 20 Aug 2023) Petro Holiney, titular bishop of Abrittum, auxiliary
# Dorothea Braby

Dorothea Braby (17 October 1909 – 1987) was a British artist. Although she had a long career as a freelance designer producing work for several well-known companies, Braby is best known for the book illustrations she created, particularly those for the Golden Cockerel Press.

## Early life

Braby was born in Wandsworth and grew up in Putney, the third child of Percy Braby, a solicitor, and Maud Churton Braby, a journalist and author who had been born in China. Braby was educated at the St Felix School in Southwold, and then from 1926 to 1930 at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London. For a time she was enrolled at the Heatherley School of Fine Art and also studied art in Paris and Florence.

## Career

Braby's work was mostly as an illustrator of books, including several volumes produced by the Golden Cockerel Press. She spent eighteen months working on their 1948 edition of the Mabinogion. For The Saga of Llywarch the Old, Braby created colour engravings that resembled mediaeval ivory tablets. Among the other books she illustrated were a 1950 edition of John Keats' Poems and a 1954 edition of Oscar Wilde's Lord Arthur Savile's Crime. Her own volume, The Way of Wood Engraving was published in 1953. Braby exhibited widely, both in Britain and overseas. The Society of Women Artists, the Hampstead Artists' Council, and the Arts Council of Great Britain all showed works by Braby.
During her design career, Braby also produced work for The Radio Times, The Studio, and ICI.
In 1959, she gave up working as an artist for a full-time career as a social worker. A memorial exhibition was held at Burgh House, Hampstead, in 1988.

## Selected works

Books illustrated by Braby included
* Mr Chambers and Perephone by C.Whitfield, Golden Cockerel Press, 1937
* The Ninety-First Psalm by C.Whitfield, Golden Cockerel Press, 1944
* The Lottery Ticket by V.G.Calderon, Golden Cockerel Press, 1945
* The Mabinogion by V.G.Calderon, Golden Cockerel Press, 1948
* Gilgamesh, King of Erech by F.L. Lucas, Golden Cockerel Press, 1948
* Poems by John Keats, Folio Society, 1950
* Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Golden Cockerel Press, 1952
* The Fearless Treasure by Noel Streatfeild, Joseph, 1953
* Lord Arthur Savile's Crime by Oscar Wilde, Folio Society, 1954
* The Semi-Attached Couple by Emily Eden, Folio Society, 1954
* The Saga of Llywarch the Old by Glyn Jones, Golden Cockerel Press, 1955
Braby also wrote and illustrated The Commandments, published by Lewis in 1946, and The Way of Wood Engraving, published in 1953.
# Toshio Laiseni

Toshio Laiseni (born 19 June 1985) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who played as fullback or winger.

## Early career

Laiseni was born in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga.
Laiseni started his football at the Otahuhu Leopards before being selected to represent the Otahuhu-Ellerslie Leopards in the Bartercard Cup. From this competition he was signed by the New Zealand Warriors although he did not play any NRL matches for the club.

## Playing career
### 2006

Laiseni made his first-grade debut for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in round 18 of the 2006 NRL season on 9 July 2006 at Toyota Park against the Wests Tigers. On his debut, Laiseni played a part in his side's first and only try of the game, making a break and setting up Kevin Kingston to score between the posts. Despite Cronulla losing the match 22-10, Laiseni made a solid beginning to his professional rugby league career.

### 2007

Laiseni signed with the North Queensland Cowboys for the 2007 season, playing mostly for the Young Guns in the Queensland Cup.

### 2008

In 2008, he played for Newtown in the NSW Cup.
In August 2008, Laiseni was named in the Tonga training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and in October 2008 he was named in the final 24-man Tonga squad.

### Later years

In 2009, Laiseni returned to New Zealand and played for the Papakura Sea Eagles in the 2009 Fox Memorial. He again represented Tonga in a Test against the New Zealand national rugby league team. In 2010 he was part of the Auckland Vulcans squad in the NSW Cup. He later returned to play for his junior club, the Ellerslie Eagles.
# 1810 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1810.

## Reptiles

* In contrast to Cuvier and Blumenbach, Samuel Thomas von Soemmering interpreted Collini's 1784 fossil as a mammal. Specifically, he interpreted it as an unusual bat, which morphologically linked mammals with birds. He named this strange creature Ornithocephalus in his public lecture, which was published in 1812. Soemmering may have interpreted this series of forms in an evolutionary sense, following the early evolutionary ideas of Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck. Soemmering's analysis of the specimen was blemished by anatomical errors, like the misidentifications of bones. Soemmering agreed with Cuvier (who named it Pterodactylus) that the creature was a flying insectivore, however. Soemmering argued that pterosaurs walked on all fours like bats when on the ground. His advocacy for this interpretation of pterosaur terrestrial gait has been regarded as the beginning of a multi-century debate on the subject.
# Kaarnama

Kaarnama is a 1990 Bollywood film written, produced and directed by actor Ranjeet. Ranjeet had also directed the Rahul Roy and Anu Aggarwal-starrer Ghazab Tamasha. Kaarnama was based on a horse race. It had a very different story line and was well made by director Ranjeet. Farha, Vinod Khanna and Amrish Puri did their best, but it was Kimi Katkar who stole the show and did extraordinary work. Cast includes Vinod Khanna, Kimi Katkar, Farha Naaz, Neena Gupta, Paintal, Nirupa Roy and Amrish Puri. Farha's role in Kaarnama, opposite Vinod Khanna and Woh Phir Ayegi are considered her best roles ever offered to her. By that time, she had married Dara Singh's son Vindu Dara Singh.

## Cast

* Vinod Khanna as Suraj
* Kimi Katkar as Jyoti
* Farha Naaz as Mala
* Amrish Puri as Rana
* Paintal as Bhupi
* Nirupa Roy as Savitri
* Neena Gupta as Vjyanti

## Music

Lyrics: Ravindra Jain
* "Ki Karan Dus Ki Karan" – Sushil Kumar, Asha Bhosle
* "Aurat" – Neena Gupta
* "Kab Aankh Ladai Kab Kudi Patai" – Hemlata, Dilraj Kaur, Shabbir Kumar, Sushil Kumar
* "Umariya Kaise Chhupayegi" – Hemlata, Dilraj Kaur, Shabbir Kumar, Sushil Kumar
# Albertochampsa

Albertochampsa is an extinct genus of alligatorid (possibly a stem-caiman or a basal alligatorine) from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. It was named in 1972 by Bruce Erickson, and the type species is A. langstoni. It is known from a skull from the Campanian-age Dinosaur Park Formation, where it was rare; Leidyosuchus is the most commonly found crocodilian at the Park. The skull of Albertochampsa was only about 21 cm long (8.3 in).

## Phylogeny

Albertochampsa is a member of the family Alligatoridae, which includes the extant (living) alligators and caimans, although it is disputed whether Albertochampsa is more closely related to the alligators or the caimans. The below cladogram from a 2018 study shows Albertochampsa as more closely related to the caimans in the subfamily Caimaninae.
The Late Cretaceous taxa Stangerochampsa, Brachychampsa and Albertochampsa have been previously referred to as stem-group caimans, but Walter et al. (2022) recovered them as the basalmost alligatorines based on phylogenetic analysis and claimed that the earliest definitive stem-group caimans are known from the earliest Paleocene.
# Ercole, Lord of Monaco

Ercole (24 September 1562 – 29 November 1604) was Lord of Monaco from 17 May 1589 until his death on 29 November 1604 aged 42.
Ercole was the youngest of four sons of Lord Honoré I (1522–1581) and Isabella Grimaldi. His eldest brother Charles II became lord of Monaco on the death of their father in 1581. Ercole's two elder brothers Francois (1557–1586) and Horace (1558–1559) predeceased Charles, thus leaving Ercole as his eldest brother's heir. When Charles died without issue in 1589, Ercole succeeded him.
Ercole married Maria Landi on 15 September 1595;$^{:54}$ the marriage produced three children;
* Giovanna Maria Grimaldi (29 September 1596 – December 1620), married Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio, Conte di Melzo, Principe di Musocco.
* Honoré II (Monaco, 24 December 1597 – Monaco, 10 January 1662) married Ippolita Trivulzio.
* Maria Claudia Grimaldi, Carmelite nun in Genoa (1 January 1599 – 1668).
Ercole was murdered in 1604 and his six-year-old son Honoré became Lord of Monaco under the regency of Ercole's brother-in-law, Frederico Landi, 4th Prince of Val di Taro. Honoré was the first Lord of Monaco to be called Prince of Monaco.
# International Congress of Byzantine Studies

The International Congress of Byzantine Studies (French: Congrès international des études Byzantines) is a scholarly conference that seeks to promote the study and preservation of Byzantine history. It has been organized by the International Association of Byzantine Studies since 1948.

## History

The first International Congress of Byzantine Studies was held in Bucharest, Romania, in 1924. It was organized by members of the Romanian Academy to promote Byzantine history after the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The second congress was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, under the patronage of King Alexander I in 1929. Subsequent congresses were held in: Athens, Greece, in 1930 & 1932, and Sofia, Bulgaria, in 1934. The sixth congress was supposed to be held in Algiers, French Algeria in October 1939 but was postponed due to the outbreak of World War II.
During World War II many of the institutions that had organized and contributed to the congress were either destroyed or cut off from each other. Leading to the creation of several disparate local and regional Byzantine congresses across Europe after the end of the war. In 1948 the French historians Henri Grégoire and Gabriel Millet launched the International Association of Byzantine Studies after they found they had each organized a separate International Congress of Byzantine Studies for that year. The sixth congress was held in Paris, France, in July 1948, and all subsequent conferences have been organized by the International Association of Byzantine Studies since then.
In 2020 the twenty fourth congress was postponed and moved from Istanbul to Venice in protest of the Turkish Government's decision to reconvert the Hagia Sofia into a mosque.

## List of Congresses

* Bucharest, 1924
* Belgrade, 1929
* Athens, 1930
* Athens, 1932
* Sofia, 1934
* Algiers, 1939 (cancelled)
* Paris, 1948
* Brussels, 1948
* Palermo, 1951
* Thessaloniki, 1953
* Istanbul, 1955
* Munich, 1958
* Ohrid, 1961
* Oxford, 1966
* Bucharest, 1971
* Athens, 1976
* Vienna, 1981
* Washington, D.C, 1986
* Moscow, 1991
* Copenhagen, 1996
* Paris, 2001
* London, 2006
* Sofia, 2011
* Belgrade, 2016
* Venice, 2022
# Tire meatballs

Tire meatballs, which are peculiar to the Tire district of İzmir Province, Turkey, are grilled with a thickness of a pen on thin skewers. No spices other than salt are used in its minced meat; and the meatballs are served with a buttery tomato sauce. The essential taste of Tire meatballs is revealed by the village butter used in its sauce. These meatballs, also known as Delikli (drilled) meatballs and Tire Kebab in the public are served by putting fresh parsley on them. Optionally, Tire meatballs may also be served with yoghurt.