# Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.

## History
### 1790 - Creation of the Seine-Inférieure department

    The department was created from part of the old province of Normandy during the French Revolution, on 4 March 1790, through the application of a law of 22 December 1789.

### 1815 - Occupation

    After the victory at Waterloo of the coalition armies, the department was occupied by British forces from June 1815 till November 1818.

### 1843 – Railways and industry

    In Rouen, Elbeuf, and Bolbec, the number of textile factories is increasing. Metallurgy and naval construction as well.

### 1851 - A republican department

    Following President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte's 1851 Coup d'état, Seine-Inférieure was one of several departments placed under a state of emergency (literally, in French, state of siege) following fears of significant resistance to the new government.

### World War II

    In 1942, during occupation by Nazi Germany, two Allied raids, the Bruneval and Dieppe, took place at towns of the channel coast of Seine-Inférieure.

### 1955 - Rename to Seine-Maritime

In 1955, the department's name was officially changed to Seine-Maritime.

### Heraldry

* The arms of the departement Seine-Maritime are blazoned : Gules a fess wavy argent between two lions passant gardant or armed and langued azure.

## Geography

The department can be split into three main areas:
* The Seine valley. The Seine flows through the provincial capital Rouen.
* The chalk plateau Pays de Caux, with its abrupt coastline (the Alabaster Coast).
* The Norman Pays de Bray, with its hills and bocage landscape.

### Administration

The département was created in 1790 as Seine-Inférieure, one of five departements that replaced the former province of Normandy. In 1800 five arrondissements were created within the département, namely Rouen, Le Havre, Dieppe, Neufchatel and Yvetot, although the latter two were disbanded in 1926. On 18 January 1955 the name of the département was changed to Seine-Maritime, in order to provide a more positive-sounding name and in-keeping with changes made in a number of other French departements.

### Principal towns

The most populous commune is Le Havre; the prefecture Rouen is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:
| Commune | Population (2019) |
| Le Havre | 168,290 |
| Rouen | 112,321 |
| Sotteville-lès-Rouen | 29,068 |
| Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray | 28,352 |
| Dieppe | 28,241 |
| Le Grand-Quevilly | 25,963 |
| Le Petit-Quevilly | 22,000 |

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1801 | 609,843 | — |
| 1821 | 655,804 | +0.36% |
| 1831 | 693,683 | +0.56% |
| 1841 | 737,206 | +0.61% |
| 1851 | 762,039 | +0.33% |
| 1861 | 789,988 | +0.36% |
| 1872 | 790,022 | +0.00% |
| 1881 | 814,068 | +0.33% |
| 1891 | 839,876 | +0.31% |
| 1901 | 853,883 | +0.17% |
| 1911 | 877,383 | +0.27% |
| 1921 | 880,671 | +0.04% |
| 1931 | 905,278 | +0.28% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1936 | 915,628 | +0.23% |
| 1946 | 846,131 | −0.79% |
| 1954 | 941,684 | +1.35% |
| 1962 | 1,035,844 | +1.20% |
| 1968 | 1,113,977 | +1.22% |
| 1975 | 1,172,743 | +0.74% |
| 1982 | 1,193,039 | +0.25% |
| 1990 | 1,223,429 | +0.31% |
| 1999 | 1,239,138 | +0.14% |
| 2006 | 1,243,830 | +0.05% |
| 2011 | 1,251,282 | +0.12% |
| 2016 | 1,255,755 | +0.07% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
source: :
Previously lacking a demonym, the inhabitants of Seine-Maritime (as the department had been renamed in 1955) chose, following a public consultation, to be identified in official documents as "Seinomarins" (males) and "Seinomarines" (females).

## Politics

The president of the Departmental Council is Bertrand Bellanger, elected in 2019.

### Presidential elections 2nd round

| Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % |
| 2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 55.28 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 44.72 |
| 2017 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 60.42 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 39.58 |
| 2012 | François Hollande | PS | 54.94 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 45.06 |
| 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.20 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 49.80 |
| 2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 82.58 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 17.42 |

### Current National Assembly Representatives

| Constituency | Member | Party |
| Seine-Maritime's 1st constituency | Florence Hérouin-Léautey | Socialist Party |
| Seine-Maritime's 2nd constituency | Annie Vidal | Renaissance |
| Seine-Maritime's 3rd constituency | Édouard Bénard | French Communist Party |
| Seine-Maritime's 4th constituency | Alma Dufour | La France Insoumise |
| Seine-Maritime's 5th constituency | Gérard Leseul | Socialist Party |
| Seine-Maritime's 6th constituency | Patrice Martin | National Rally |
| Seine-Maritime's 7th constituency | Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo | Horizons |
| Seine-Maritime's 8th constituency | Jean-Paul Lecoq | French Communist Party |
| Seine-Maritime's 9th constituency | Marie-Agnès Poussier-Winsback | Horizons |
| Seine-Maritime's 10th constituency | Robert Le Bourgeois | National Rally |

## Transport

In 1843 the railway from Paris reached the region. The département is connected to the adjacent Eure department via the Tancarville and Pont de Normandie bridge crossings of the Seine.

## Culture

Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert is set in Seine Maritime.
The novel La Place by Annie Ernaux largely takes place in Seine-Maritime and describes events and changes that take place in relation to French society in the 20th century especially in relation to the rural population.
The first story of the long-running series Valérian and Laureline is set in Seine-Maritime, with the character Laureline originating from the area.
Cauchois is the dialect of the Pays de Caux, and is one of the most vibrant forms of the Norman language beyond Cotentinais.

## Tourism

* Notre-Dame of Rouen
* Element of the Atlantic Wall near Fécamp
* Entirely destroyed during World War II, Le Havre has been rebuilt in modernist style
* Limestone cliffs of Étretat
* the jardin jungle of Eu