OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1950 East Tennessee State Buccaneers football team

The 1950 East Tennessee State Buccaneers football team was an American football team that represented East Tennessee State College (ETSC)—now known as East Tennessee State University—as a member of the Smoky Mountain Conference and the Volunteer State Athletic Conference (VSAC) during the 1950 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Loyd Roberts, the Buccaneers compiled an overall a record of 3–5–1, with marks of 1–2–1 against Smoky Mountain opponents and 0–1–1 in VSAC play. This was the program's first losing record under Roberts and the first losing season since 1941. The team's co-captains were Mark Sutherland and Bob "Snake" Evans. The 1950 squad beat local rival Tusculum. They also tied Milligan in the final meeting between the two rivals as Milligan dropped football after the season. One of the few bright spots of the year was the transfer of Hal Morrison from Tennessee, as he became a record-setting target over the next three seasons. This was the first Buccaneer football team to receive athletic scholarships after the players had gone on strike the previous year.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 23 | 8:00 p.m. | at Tennessee Wesleyan* | Athens, TN | W 38–12 |
| September 30 | 8:00 p.m. | at Erskine* | Fairground StadiumGreenwood, SC | L 6–12 |
| October 7 | 8:00 p.m. | at Western Carolina* | High school stadiumWaynesville, NC | L 6–13 |
| October 14 | | Maryville (TN)* | Johnson City, TN | W 33–14 |
| October 20 | | at Carson–Newman | Jefferson City, TN | L 6–25 |
| October 28 | | Middle Tennessee | State College StadiumJohnson City, TN | L 6–19 |
| November 4 | 8:00 p.m. | Emory and Henry | State College StadiumJohnson City, TN | L 0–19 |
| November 11 | | at Tusculum | Greeneville, TN | W 20–6 |
| November 18 | | Milligan | Johnson City, TN | T 6–6 |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||
# Kumaran Krishnan

Kumaran s/o Krishnan (born 20 February 1978) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bagan Dalam since August 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.

## Election results

Penang State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct. | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct. | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2023 | N09 Bagan Dalam | Kumaran Krishnan (DAP) | 10,506 | 71.49% | Jayaraman Kunchu Kannu (PAS) | 2,964 | 20.17% | 14,868 | 7,542 | 70.06% |
| 2023 | N09 Bagan Dalam | Kumaran Krishnan (DAP) | 10,506 | 71.49% | Satees Muniandy (IND) | 1,111 | 7.56% | 14,868 | 7,542 | 70.06% |
| 2023 | N09 Bagan Dalam | Kumaran Krishnan (DAP) | 10,506 | 71.49% | S. Rajasakanan (PFP) | 115 | 0.78% | 14,868 | 7,542 | 70.06% |
# Van Laar equation

The Van Laar equation is a thermodynamic activity model, which was developed by Johannes van Laar in 1910-1913, to describe phase equilibria of liquid mixtures. The equation was derived from the Van der Waals equation. The original van der Waals parameters didn't give good description of vapor-liquid equilibria of phases, which forced the user to fit the parameters to experimental results. Because of this, the model lost the connection to molecular properties, and therefore it has to be regarded as an empirical model to correlate experimental results.

## Equations

Van Laar derived the excess enthalpy from the van der Waals equation:
    $H^{ex}={\frac {b_{1}X_{1}b_{2}X_{2}}{b_{1}X_{1}+b_{2}X_{2}}}\left({\frac {\sqrt {a_{1}}}{b_{1}}}-{\frac {\sqrt {a_{2}}}{b_{2}}}\right)^{2}$
In here a$_i$ and b$_i$ are the van der Waals parameters for attraction and excluded volume of component i. He used the conventional quadratic mixing rule for the energy parameter a and the linear mixing rule for the size parameter b. Since these parameters didn't lead to good phase equilibrium description the model was reduced to the form:
    ${\frac {G^{ex}}{RT}}={\frac {A_{12}X_{1}A_{21}X_{2}}{A_{12}X_{1}+A_{21}X_{2}}}$
In here A$_{12}$ and A$_{21}$ are the van Laar coefficients, which are obtained by regression of experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium data.
The activity coefficient of component i is derived by differentiation to x$_i$. This yields:
    $\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ln \ \gamma _{1}=A_{12}\left({\frac {A_{21}X_{2}}{A_{12}X_{1}+A_{21}X_{2}}}\right)^{2}\\\ln \ \gamma _{2}=A_{21}\left({\frac {A_{12}X_{1}}{A_{12}X_{1}+A_{21}X_{2}}}\right)^{2}\end{matrix}}\right.$
This shows that the van Laar coefficients A$_{12}$ and A$_{21}$ are equal to logarithmic limiting activity coefficients $\ln \left(\gamma _{1}^{\infty }\right)$ and $\ln \left(\gamma _{2}^{\infty }\right)$ respectively. The model gives increasing (A$_{12}$ and A$_{21}$ >0) or only decreasing (A$_{12}$ and A$_{21}$ <0) activity coefficients with decreasing concentration. The model can not describe extrema in the activity coefficient along the concentration range.
In case $A_{12}=A_{21}=A$, which implies that the molecules are of equal size but different in polarity, then the equations become:
    $\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ln \ \gamma _{1}=Ax_{2}^{2}\\\ln \ \gamma _{2}=Ax_{1}^{2}\end{matrix}}\right.$
In this case the activity coefficients mirror at x$_1$=0.5. When A=0, the activity coefficients are unity, thus describing an ideal mixture.

### Recommended values

An extensive range of recommended values for the Van Laar coefficients can be found in the literature. Selected values are provided in the table below.
| System | A$_{12}$ | A$_{21}$ |
| Acetone(1)-Chloroform(2) | -0.8643 | -0.5899 |
| Acetone(1)-Methanol(2) | 0.6184 | 0.5797 |
| Acetone(1)-Water(2) | 2.1041 | 1.5555 |
| Carbon tetrachloride(1)-Benzene (2) | 0.0951 | 0.0911 |
| Chloroform(1)-Methanol(2) | 0.9356 | 1.8860 |
| Ethanol(1)-Benzene(2) | 1.8570 | 1.4785 |
| Ethanol(1)-Water(2) | 1.6798 | 0.9227 |
# Nicolás Franco (naturalist)

Nicolás Franco y Pascual de Pobil (born 22 October 1937) is a Spanish naturalist and economist who was President of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation between 1993 and 1999. He is a nephew of Francisco Franco as the only son of his older brother, Nicolás Franco.

## Biography

Nicolás Franco was born in 1937 in Rome during his father's time as ambassador of Spain in Italy. His father was Nicolás Franco y Bahamonde, the eldest child of Nicolás Franco y Salgado-Aráujo and María del Pilar Bahamonde y Pardo de Andrade, and was a brother of Francisco Franco, who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975. His mother was María Isabel Pascual de Pobil y Ravello.
A close friend of Juan Carlos I during his exile in Estoril, he was sent to study in England at Downside School, a Roman Catholic boarding school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, where he stayed from 1953 to 1954.
He received his doctorate in Economics from the Centre d'Etudes Industrielles of Geneva in 1959. He was later a fellow associate with Walter Adams at the Michigan State University.
After many years of his hunting exploits travelling around the world, he was elected President of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) in 1993, where he served for most of the 1990s.
# Malaklar

Malaklar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Anamur, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,160 (2022). It is at the north east of Anamur.
# Nikolai Blagoveshchensky

Nikolai Alexandrovich Blagoveshchensky (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Благове́щенский), (April 19, 1837, Moscow – July 20, 1889, Vladikavkaz), was a Russian writer, journalist and ethnographer.

## Early life

Blagoveshchensky was the son of a priest. He graduated from Alexander Nevsky religious school and from the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary, where he befriended the future writer Nikolai Pomyalovsky. After the death of Pomyalovsky, Blagoveshchensky was involved in preserving Pomyalovsky's heritage, writing the first biography of the writer, which is commonly included in editions of Pomyalovsky's collected works.

## Career

After graduating from the seminary, Blagoveshchensky was apprenticed to the Archimandrite Porfiry, a famous archaeologist and orientalist, and went with him to Mount Athos and Jerusalem, where he stayed for nearly two years (1858-1859), recording his travelling experiences in notes and drawings. The first printed works of Blagoveshchensky were stories written in the wake of the journey: From the Memoirs of a Season at Jerusalem, In Thessaly and November. Upon his return to Russia in 1862, he began working for the journal Time edited by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and his brother Mikhail.
Blagoveshchensky became known through his essays about clerical life: Athos, 1864 and Among the Pilgrims, 1871. His collection of essays Athos was printed in the magazine Russian Word, of which Blagoveshchensky became editor in 1864. In 1866 the magazine was banned, and Blagoveshchensky became the editor of the Women's Herald, along with Alexander Sheller, and later edited the journal The Week. At this time he published in Russian Word the novel Before the Dawn, which depicted the life of a raznochintsy democrat. Censors conceded they've made a grave mistake by letting part I (At the Graveyard, На погосте, 1865) slip though. So, Part II (In the Capital, В столице, 1866) was promptly banned (for "graphically depicting the inner life of a religious sect") and the magazine received a 6 months suspension.

## Later life

In 1869, Blagoveshchensky was stricken by paralysis. After partially recovering, he went on with his literary work, publishing his Essays from Working Life in the journal Notes of the Fatherland. Later, while being treated for his paralytic condition at the Caucasian Mineral Waters, he made friends with Count Loris-Melikov, at the invitation of whom he stayed in Vladikavkaz. Loris-Melikov gave Blagoveshchensky the post of Secretary of the Terek Statistical Committee. During his last years he was engaged in writing descriptions and collecting statistics relating to the Terek region. In 1880-1889 he edited Terskiye Vedomosti, a Terek-based newspaper. He died in Vladikavkaz in 1889.

### English translations

* A Visit to an Iron Foundry, from In the Depths, Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1987.
# Fairway Markets

Fairway Markets is a regional grocery chain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
The ten store chain was founded by Don Yuen in 1963 and employs over 700. The chain is a low cost grocery store with a significant emphasis on ethnic foods.

## Founder

Don Yuen was born in China, where his family had operated a grocery store for three generations and came to Canada in 1949 after the family lost their business to communism. Yuen worked at his uncle's store and at a sawmill before embarking on his own store in 1963. Yuen is now Fairway Markets' President.

## Locations

Greater Victoria
* 272 Gorge Road West, Saanich, BC - original store from 1963
* 1521 McKenzie Ave, Saanich, BC
* 101-2187 Athlone Court, Oak Bay, BC
* 2635 Quadra St, Victoria, BC - former Safeway location
* 3651 Shelbourne St, Saanich, BC
Nanaimo
* 103-4750 Rutherford Road, Nanaimo, BC
Saanich Peninsula
* 7108 West Saanich Road, Brentwood, BC
* 2531 Beacon Ave, Sidney, BC
West Shore
* 772 Goldstream Ave, Langford, BC - former Western Foods location
# Comandante FAP Germán Arias Graziani Airport

Comandante FAP Germán Arias Graziani Airport (IATA: ATA, ICAO: SPHZ) is a regional airport serving the city of Huaraz, Ancash Region, Peru. The airport is in the Santa River valley, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Huaraz, at the village of Anta. Since July 2024, the airport reopened its operations to commercial flights, after the improvement of the terminal and the runway, receiving daily flights operated by LATAM Airlines to the city of Lima.
The Anta-Huaraz non-directional beacon (ident: ATA) is located on the field.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| LATAM Perú | Lima |

## Transport

The airport is accessible by road from Huaraz in a 40-minute drive.
The terminal has an airport shuttle service operated by Aeroexpreso to the center of the city of Huaraz.
# Delft Campus railway station

Delft Campus railway station is a railway station in Delft, Netherlands, located on the railway line between The Hague and Rotterdam. The railway station was opened on 31 May 1970. The station building was demolished in June 2006. The name of the station was Delft Zuid until 14 December 2019.
The station area is dominated by the overpassing viaduct, which carries the Kruithuisweg, a provincial highway, over the railroad. The viaduct is also used by pedestrians and travellers to reach the platforms at the other side.

## Train services

The following services call at Delft Campus:
* 4x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague CS - Rotterdam - Dordrecht (Mon-Fri 5 a.m. - 20 p.m.)
* 2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague CS - Rotterdam - Dordrecht (Mon-Fri after 20 p.m., all weekend)
# Hill pigeon

The hill pigeon (Columba rupestris) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. Other names include eastern rock dove and Turkestan hill dove.

## Description

The hill pigeon is a stout-bodied pigeon, similar in size and general appearance to the rock dove (Columba livia) but mainly differentiated by its tail pattern which consists of a broad, white tail-band across the black tail. Other differences include a paler mantle and upper wings and a white patch on the back. In flight, the tail pattern is similar to the snow pigeon (Columba leuconota), but lacks the contrast between the head and neck in that species.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Two subspecies are accepted:
* C. r. rupestris, described by Pallas in 1811, is found in the northeastern part of the species' distribution.
* C. r. turkestanica, described by Buturlin in 1908, is found in the southwestern part of the species' distribution.

## Distribution and status

It is found in China, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. This pigeon is comparatively restricted in range of Pakistan to the furthest northern inner valleys of the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamirs. In Pakistan, it occurs in northern Chitral, particularly in the western part bordering Nuristan in Afghanistan, further east in valleys of Gilgit in Yasin and Hunza and Karakoram ranges in Baltistan from about 2000 m in winter, and up to 5500 m during summer. Though the overall population is decreasing, the rate of decrease is not alarming and the bird is widely distributed and abundant; it is classified as least concern by the IUCN.

## Behaviour and ecology

This species frequents open rugged country from 1,500 to 6,100 m above sea level. It is closely related to the rock dove, but is more commonly found at higher altitudes. A gregarious species throughout the year, they feed in flocks in the terraced, cultivated fields. They often mix with flocks of rock doves. They are very tame and are often found near human settlements, camps, and pilgrimage routes.
In Tajikistan, it has been recorded as starting to nest as early as February, with young from later broods fledging as late as September in northeastern Tibet. The males have a bowing display similar to that of the rock dove and display and courtship is similar. They nest in dense colonies on cliffs, gorges, and rocky outcrops. In Tibet, the nests are often placed in houses, both inhabited and empty, or in holes in the wall. Nests consist of a platform of twigs or plant stems in which generally two eggs are laid. They may raise two brood in a year.
Their feeding habits are similar to rock doves, being mainly granivorous, supplementing their diet with green shoot and leaves and occasionally small mollusks such as snails. On some occasions, they become very opportunistic, feeding on leftover food, partially digested food from kiang dung, and even undigested food from stomach of kiang carcasses which are ripped open by other predators.
# Carole Bradford

Carole Bradford (born 30 November 1961) is an English retired middle and long-distance runner.

## Biography

Bradford finished third behind Kathryn Binns in the 5,000 metres event at the 1981 WAAA Championships and second behind Debbie Peel in the 3,000 metres event at the 1984 WAAA Championships and second behind Zola Budd at the 1985 WAAA Championships.
Bradford twice won the bronze medal at the IAAF World Women's Road Race Championships, in 1984 (10 km) and 1985 (15 km), as well as winning team gold in both years. She also won a team gold at the 1986 World Cross Country Championships and team silver at the 1984 World Cross Country Championships.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Great Britain / England ||||||
| 1980 | World Cross Country Championships | Paris, France | 82nd | 4.82 km | 17:42 |
| 1981 | World Cross Country Championships | Madrid, Spain | 45th | 4.41 km | 15:13 |
| 1983 | World Road Race Championships | Madrid, Spain | 3rd | 10 km | 33:25 |
| 1984 | World Cross Country Championships | East Rutherford, United States | 39th | 5 km | 16:52 |
| 1984 | World Road Race Championships | Gateshead, United Kingdom | 3rd | 15 km | 49:49 |
| 1986 | World Cross Country Championships | Colombier, Switzerland | 10th | 4.65 km | 15:27 |
# Gustave Bebbe

Gustave Anicet Bebbe Mbangue (born 22 June 1982) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Gebzespor. He is a winger, but also plays at forward.

## Club career

Bebbe was born in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
In November 2011, Bebbe signed to play with reigning Vietnamese champions Sông Lam Nghệ An of the V-League.

## International career

Bebbe also has Turkish citizenship under the name M. Alper Aydın, however, he lost his eligibility to play for Turkey when he was capped for Cameroon in June 2008.
# HashTag (group)

HashTag (Korean: 해시태그), stylized as haShtag or HASHTAG, was a South Korean girl group formed by Luk Factory and produced by Kan Mi-youn. The group debuted on October 11, 2017, with The girl next door., and disbanded on October 12, 2024.

## History
### Pre-debut

Dajeong competed in season 1 of Produce 101 as a trainee of Hello Music Entertainment. She was eliminated in episode 5, with her final ranking being 62nd.

### 2017: Debut with The girl next door

On September 8, 2017 former Baby V.O.X member Kan Mi-youn confirmed that she will be producing a seven-member girl group named HashTag and will debut in October. On October 11, the group's debut EP The girl next door was released. The group started album promotions through a showcase on October 10, then made their broadcast debut on October 13, through Music Bank.

### 2018: Sub-unit Purple

On September 18, 2018 members Dajeong, Seungmin and Subin debuted as the project trio Purple (퍼플) with the digital single Maemmaeya.

### 2019: #Aeji #paSsion and My Style

The group had a comeback on April 16, 2019 with their 2nd mini album #Aeji #paSsion.
The group came back on October 1, 2019 with their 1st digital single My Style.

### 2023—2024: Line-up changes, Diamond and disbandment

On March 21, 2023, Luk Factory announced the departures of Dajeong and Aeji, and that the group will continue as 5 members.
Hashtag released the digital single Diamond on June 12.
On October 12, 2024, Hashtag announced their disbandment, as five of the members contracts expired.

## Former members

* Hyunji (Korean: 현지)
* Sua (수아)
* Seungmin (승민)
* Subin (수빈)
* Sojin (소진)
* Dajeong (다정) — Leader
* Aeji (애지)

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| The girl next door | Released: October 11, 2017 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Format: CD, digital download Track listing Intro Hue (ㅇㅇ) Like That (그런거) Hz When It Rains (비가 내리면) Hue (ㅇㅇ) inst. | 41 | KOR: 1,068+ |
| #Aeji #paSsion | Released: April 16, 2019 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Format: CD, digital download Track listing Intro Freesm Love Game Hello This Night (안녕이밤) Freesm inst. | 53 | KOR: 598 |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| "Hue (ㅇㅇ)" | 2017 | The girl next door |
| "Maemmaeya" (맴매야 (I 씐나)) (as PURPLE) | 2018 | Non-album single |
| "Freesm" | 2019 | #Aeji #paSsion |
| "My Style" (어때보여) | 2019 | Non-album single |
| "Diamond" | 2023 | Non-album single |

## Filmography
### Music videos

| Title | Year | Notes |
| "Hue (ㅇㅇ)" | 2017 | |
| "Maemmaeya" (맴매야 (I 씐나)) (as PURPLE) | 2018 | |
| "Freesm" | 2019 | |
| "Diamond" | 2023 | Performance version |
# Bagnato

Bagnato is a surname. Notable people with the surname includes:
* Franz Anton Bagnato (1731–1810), German architect
* Johann Caspar Bagnato (1696–1757), German architect
* Luis Bagnato (1924–1997), Argentine footballer
# Banyun language

Banyun (Banyum), Nyun, or Bainouk, is a Senegambian language group of around 8 closely related languages in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau.
Spellings are Bagnoun, Banhum, Banyung and Bainuk, Banyuk; other names are Elomay ~ Elunay; for the Gunyaamolo variety Ñuñ or Nyamone, and for Gunyuño Guñuun or Samik. The language is referred to as gu-jaaxər by its speakers.
See Baïnounk Gubëeher for the phonology of a Banyun language.

## Varieties

There are three varieties of Banyun: Baïnouk-gunyaamolo, Baïnouk Samik, and Baïnouk gunyuño.
* Bainouk-Gunyaamolo is spoken by 30,000 people in 2013. It is spoken in the northern Casamance River area, within a triangle formed by the towns of Bignona, Tobor and Niamone or north of Ziguinchor. It is also spoken in Gambia.
* Baïnouk-Samik is spoken by 1,850 people in 2006. It is found mainly on the left bank of the Casamance River, around Samik and surrounding villages, approximately 20 km east of Ziguinchor.
* Baïnouk-Gunyuño (Bainounk-Gujaher) is spoken by 8,860 people in 2006. It is found in the region of Cacheu and near São Domingos in Guinea-Bissau.
# First Hardy–Littlewood conjecture

In number theory, the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture states the asymptotic formula for the number of prime k-tuples less than a given magnitude by generalizing the prime number theorem. It was first proposed by G. H. Hardy and John Edensor Littlewood in 1923.

## Statement

Let $m_{1},m_{2},\ldots ,m_{k}$ be positive even integers such that the numbers of the sequence $P=(p,p+m_{1},p+m_{2},\ldots ,p+m_{k})$ do not form a complete residue class with respect to any prime and let $\pi _{P}(n)$ denote the number of primes $p$ less than $n$ st. $p+m_{1},p+m_{2},\ldots ,p+m_{k}$ are all prime. Then
    $\pi _{P}(n)\sim C_{P}\int _{2}^{n}{\frac {dt}{\log ^{k+1}t}},$
where
    $C_{P}=2^{k}\prod _{q{\text{ prime,}} \atop q\geq 3}{\frac {1-{\frac {w(q;m_{1},m_{2},\ldots ,m_{k})}{q}}}{\left(1-{\frac {1}{q}}\right)^{k+1}}}$
is a product over odd primes and $w(q;m_{1},m_{2},\ldots ,m_{k})$ denotes the number of distinct residues of $0,m_{1},m_{2},\ldots ,m_{k}$ modulo $q$.
The case $k=1$ and $m_{1}=2$ is related to the twin prime conjecture. Specifically if $\pi _{2}(n)$ denotes the number of twin primes less than n then
    $\pi _{2}(n)\sim C_{2}\int _{2}^{n}{\frac {dt}{\log ^{2}t}},$
where
    $C_{2}=2\prod _{\textstyle {q{\text{ prime,}} \atop q\geq 3}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{(q-1)^{2}}}\right)\approx 1.320323632\ldots$
is the twin prime constant.

## Skewes' number

The Skewes' numbers for prime k-tuples are an extension of the definition of Skewes' number to prime k-tuples based on the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture. The first prime p that violates the Hardy–Littlewood inequality for the k-tuple P, i.e., such that
    $\pi _{P}(p)>C_{P}\operatorname {li} _{P}(p),$
(if such a prime exists) is the Skewes number for P.

## Consequences

The conjecture has been shown to be inconsistent with the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture.

## Generalizations

The Bateman–Horn conjecture generalizes the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture to polynomials of degree higher than 1.