# Political divisions of Russia

Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions.

## Federal districts

The federal districts are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000. There are total eight federal districts.
| Federal district | Federal district | Date established | Area (km$^2$) | 2021 census | 2021 census | HDI (2021) | GRDP (2022) | GRDP (2022) | Federal subjects | Administrative centre | Map |
| Federal district | Federal district | Date established | Area (km$^2$) | Population | per km$^2$ | HDI (2021) | Total | Per capita | Federal subjects | Administrative centre | Map |
| | North Caucasian | 19 January 2010 | 170,400 | 10,171,000 | 60 | 0.793 | ₽3.111 trillion ($45 billion) | ₽305,334 ($4458) | 7 | Pyatigorsk | |
| | Southern | 13 May 2000 | 427,800 | 16,746,000 | 39 | 0.799 | ₽9.816 trillion ($143 billion) | ₽588,461 ($8593) | 8 | Rostov-on-Don | |
| | Central | 13 May 2000 | 650,200 | 40,342,000 | 62 | 0.845 | ₽47.368 trillion ($692 billion) | ₽1,176,273 ($17176) | 18 | Moscow | |
| | Northwestern | 13 May 2000 | 1,687,000 | 13,917,000 | 8 | 0.833 | ₽18.929 trillion ($276 billion) | ₽1,362,907 ($19901) | 11 | Saint Petersburg | |
| | Volga | 13 May 2000 | 1,037,000 | 28,943,000 | 28 | 0.804 | ₽19.664 trillion ($287 billion) | ₽683,355 ($9978) | 14 | Nizhny Novgorod | |
| | Ural | 13 May 2000 | 1,818,500 | 12,301,000 | 7 | 0.839 | ₽20.073 trillion ($293 billion) | ₽1,635,678 ($23884) | 6 | Yekaterinburg | |
| | Siberian | 13 May 2000 | 4,361,800 | 16,793,000 | 4 | 0.794 | ₽13.054 trillion ($191 billion) | ₽781,580 ($11412) | 10 | Novosibirsk | |
| | Far Eastern | 13 May 2000 | 6,952,600 | 7,976,000 | 1 | 0.808 | ₽8.656 trillion ($126 billion) | ₽1,090,778 ($15927) | 11 | Vladivostok | |

## Federal subjects

Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation. However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Kherson Oblast, the Lugansk People's Republic, the federal city of Sevastopol, and the Zaporozhye Oblast—are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.
De jure, excluding the occupied Ukrainian territories, there are 6 types of federal subjects—21 republics, 9 krais, 46 oblasts, 2 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs.
Autonomous okrugs are the only ones that have an unusual status of being federal subjects in their own right, yet at the same time they are considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception).

### Status of the Ukrainian territories occupied by Russia

On 18 March 2014, as a part of the annexation of Crimea and following the establishment of the Republic of Crimea (an independent entity that was recognized only by Russia), a treaty was signed between Russia and the Republic of Crimea incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol as constituent members of the Russian Federation. According to the Treaty, the Republic of Crimea is accepted as a federal subject with the status of a republic while the City of Sevastopol has received federal city status. Neither the Republic of Crimea nor the city of Sevastopol are politically recognized as parts of Russia by most countries.
Similarly, Russia also annexed four Ukrainian oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporozhzhia on 30 September 2022 after internationally-unrecognized referendums held days prior, during the invasion of Ukraine that began in late February, which were organized by Russian occupation authorities in territories where hostilities were ongoing and much of the population had fled. It occurred seven months after the start of the invasion and less than a month after the start of the Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive. The signing ceremony was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow in the presence of occupation authority heads Leonid Pasechnik, Denis Pushilin, Yevgeny Balitsky, and Vladimir Saldo, and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Like Crimea, none of the four occupied regions are internationally recognized as part of Russia.

## List

Federal subjects of the Russian Federation :
| Code | Name | Capital/ Administrative centre | Flag | Coat of arms | Type | | Head of subject | Federal district | Economic region | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Population | Est. |
| Code | Name | Capital/ Administrative centre | Flag | Coat of arms | Type | Titular nation | Head of subject | Federal district | Economic region | Area (km$^2$) | Total | density (km$^2$) | Est. |
| 01 | Adygea | Maykop | | | republic | Circassians | Murat Kumpilov (UR) | Southern | North Caucasus | 7,792 | 496,934 | 63.77 | 1922 |
| 02 | Bashkortostan | Ufa | | | republic | Bashkirs | Radiy Khabirov (UR) | Volga | Ural | 142,947 | 4,091,423 | 28.62 | 1919 |
| 03 | Buryatia | Ulan-Ude | | | republic | Buryats | Alexey Tsydenov (UR) | Far Eastern | East Siberian | 351,334 | 978,588 | 2.79 | 1923 |
| 04 | Altai Republic | Gorno-Altaysk | | | republic | Altai | Oleg Khorokhordin (Ind.) | Siberian | West Siberian | 92,903 | 210,924 | 2.27 | 1922 |
| 05 | Dagestan | Makhachkala | | | republic | Aghuls, Avars, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Dargins, Kumyks, Laks, Lezgins, Nogais, Rutuls, Tabasarans, Tats, Tsakhurs | Sergey Melikov (Ind.) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 50,270 | 3,182,054 | 63.30 | 1921 |
| 06 | Ingushetia | Magas (Largest city: Nazran) | | | republic | Ingush | Mahmud-Ali Kalimatov (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 3,628 | 509,541 | 163.16 | 1992 |
| 07 | Kabardino-Balkaria | Nalchik | | | republic | Balkars, Kabardians | Kazbek Kokov (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 12,470 | 904,200 | 72.51 | 1936 |
| 08 | Kalmykia | Elista | | | republic | Kalmyks | Batu Khasikov (UR) | Southern | Volga | 74,731 | 267,133 | 3.57 | 1957 |
| 09 | Karachay-Cherkessia | Cherkessk | | | republic | Abazins, Kabardians, Karachays, Nogais | Rashid Temrezov (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 14,277 | 469,865 | 32.91 | 1957 |
| 10 | Karelia | Petrozavodsk | | | republic | Karelians | Artur Parfenchikov (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 180,520 | 533,121 | 2.95 | 1956 |
| 11 | Komi Republic | Syktyvkar | | | republic | Komi | Vladimir Uyba (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 416,774 | 737,853 | 1.77 | 1921 |
| 12 | Mari El | Yoshkar-Ola | | | republic | Mari | Yury Zaitsev (UR, acting) | Volga | Volga-Vyatka | 23,375 | 677,097 | 28.97 | 1920 |
| 13 | Mordovia | Saransk | | | republic | Mordvins | Artyom Zdunov (UR) | Volga | Volga-Vyatka | 26,128 | 783,552 | 29.99 | 1930 |
| 14 | Sakha | Yakutsk | | | republic | Yakuts | Aysen Nikolayev (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 3,083,523 | 995,686 | 0.32 | 1922 |
| 15 | North Ossetia–Alania | Vladikavkaz | | | republic | Ossetians | Sergey Menyaylo (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 7,987 | 687,357 | 86.06 | 1924 |
| 16 | Tatarstan | Kazan | | | republic | Tatars | Rustam Minnikhanov (UR) | Volga | Volga | 67,847 | 4,004,809 | 59.03 | 1920 |
| 17 | Tuva | Kyzyl | | | republic | Tuvans | Vladislav Khovalyg (UR) | Siberian | East Siberian | 168,604 | 336,651 | 2.00 | 1944 |
| 18 | Udmurtia | Izhevsk | | | republic | Udmurts | Aleksandr Brechalov (UR) | Volga | Ural | 42,061 | 1,452,914 | 34.54 | 1920 |
| 19 | Khakassia | Abakan | | | republic | Khakas | Valentin Konovalov (CPRF) | Siberian | East Siberian | 61,569 | 534,795 | 8.69 | 1930 |
| 20 | Chechnya | Grozny | | | republic | Chechens | Ramzan Kadyrov (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 16,165 | 1,510,824 | 93.43 | 1991 |
| 21 | Chuvashia | Cheboksary | | | republic | Chuvash | Oleg Nikolayev (SRZP) | Volga | Volga-Vyatka | 18,343 | 1,186,909 | 64.71 | 1920 |
| 22 | Altai Krai | Barnaul | | | krai | | Viktor Tomenko (UR) | Siberian | West Siberian | 167,996 | 2,163,693 | 12.88 | 1937 |
| 23 | Krasnodar Krai | Krasnodar | | | krai | | Veniamin Kondratyev (UR) | Southern | North Caucasus | 75,485 | 5,838,273 | 77.34 | 1937 |
| 24 | Krasnoyarsk Krai | Krasnoyarsk | | | krai | | Mikhail Kotyukov (UR) | Siberian | East Siberian | 2,366,797 | 2,856,971 | 1.21 | 1934 |
| 25 | Primorsky Krai | Vladivostok | | | krai | | Oleg Kozhemyako (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 164,673 | 1,845,165 | 11.21 | 1938 |
| 26 | Stavropol Krai | Stavropol | | | krai | | Vladimir Vladimirov (UR) | North Caucasian | North Caucasus | 66,160 | 2,907,593 | 43.95 | 1934 |
| 27 | Khabarovsk Krai | Khabarovsk | | | krai | | Mikhail Degtyarev (LDPR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 787,633 | 1,292,944 | 1.64 | 1938 |
| 28 | Amur Oblast | Blagoveshchensk | | | oblast | | Vasily Orlov (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 361,908 | 766,912 | 2.12 | 1932 |
| 29 | Arkhangelsk Oblast | Arkhangelsk | | | oblast | | Alexander Tsybulsky (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 413,103 | 978,873 | 2.37 | 1937 |
| 30 | Astrakhan Oblast | Astrakhan | | | oblast | | Igor Babushkin (Ind.) | Southern | Volga | 49,024 | 960,142 | 19.59 | 1943 |
| 31 | Belgorod Oblast | Belgorod | | | oblast | | Vyacheslav Gladkov (UR) | Central | Central Black Earth | 27,134 | 1,540,486 | 56.77 | 1954 |
| 32 | Bryansk Oblast | Bryansk | | | oblast | | Alexander Bogomaz (UR) | Central | Central | 34,857 | 1,169,161 | 33.54 | 1944 |
| 33 | Vladimir Oblast | Vladimir | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Avdeyev (UR, acting) | Central | Central | 29,084 | 1,348,134 | 46.35 | 1944 |
| 34 | Volgograd Oblast | Volgograd | | | oblast | | Andrey Bocharov (Ind.) | Southern | Volga | 112,877 | 2,500,781 | 22.15 | 1937 |
| 35 | Vologda Oblast | Vologda (Largest city: Cherepovets) | | | oblast | | Oleg Kuvshinnikov (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 144,527 | 1,142,827 | 7.91 | 1937 |
| 36 | Voronezh Oblast | Voronezh | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Gusev (UR) | Central | Central Black Earth | 52,216 | 2,308,792 | 44.22 | 1934 |
| 37 | Ivanovo Oblast | Ivanovo | | | oblast | | Stanislav Voskresensky (Ind.) | Central | Central | 21,437 | 927,828 | 43.28 | 1936 |
| 38 | Irkutsk Oblast | Irkutsk | | | oblast | | Igor Kobzev (Ind.) | Siberian | East Siberian | 774,846 | 2,370,102 | 3.06 | 1937 |
| 39 | Kaliningrad Oblast | Kaliningrad | | | oblast | | Anton Alikhanov (UR) | Northwestern | Kaliningrad | 15,125 | 1,029,966 | 68.10 | 1946 |
| 40 | Kaluga Oblast | Kaluga | | | oblast | | Vladislav Shapsha (UR) | Central | Central | 29,777 | 1,069,904 | 35.93 | 1944 |
| 41 | Kamchatka Krai | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | | | krai | | Vladimir Solodov (Ind.) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 464,275 | 291,705 | 0.63 | 2007 |
| 42 | Kemerovo Oblast | Kemerovo | | | oblast | | Sergey Tsivilyov (UR) | Siberian | West Siberian | 95,725 | 2,600,923 | 27.17 | 1943 |
| 43 | Kirov Oblast | Kirov | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Sokolov (UR, acting) | Volga | Volga-Vyatka | 120,374 | 1,153,680 | 9.58 | 1934 |
| 44 | Kostroma Oblast | Kostroma | | | oblast | | Sergey Sitnikov (Ind.) | Central | Central | 60,211 | 580,976 | 9.65 | 1944 |
| 45 | Kurgan Oblast | Kurgan | | | oblast | | Vadim Shumkov (Ind.) | Ural | Ural | 71,488 | 776,661 | 10.86 | 1943 |
| 46 | Kursk Oblast | Kursk | | | oblast | | Roman Starovoyt (UR) | Central | Central Black Earth | 29,997 | 1,082,458 | 36.09 | 1934 |
| 47 | Leningrad Oblast | Largest city: Gatchina | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Drozdenko (UR) | Northwestern | Northwestern | 83,908 | 2,000,997 | 23.85 | 1927 |
| 48 | Lipetsk Oblast | Lipetsk | | | oblast | | Igor Artamonov (UR) | Central | Central Black Earth | 24,047 | 1,143,224 | 47.54 | 1954 |
| 49 | Magadan Oblast | Magadan | | | oblast | | Sergey Nosov (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 462,464 | 136,085 | 0.29 | 1953 |
| 50 | Moscow Oblast | Largest city: Balashikha | | | oblast | | Andrey Vorobyov (UR) | Central | Central | 44,329 | 8,524,665 | 192.30 | 1929 |
| 51 | Murmansk Oblast | Murmansk | | | oblast | | Andrey Chibis (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 144,902 | 667,744 | 4.61 | 1938 |
| 52 | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | Nizhny Novgorod | | | oblast | | Gleb Nikitin (UR) | Volga | Volga-Vyatka | 76,624 | 3,119,115 | 40.71 | 1936 |
| 53 | Novgorod Oblast | Veliky Novgorod | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Dronov (UR) | Northwestern | Northwestern | 54,501 | 583,387 | 10.70 | 1944 |
| 54 | Novosibirsk Oblast | Novosibirsk | | | oblast | | Andrey Travnikov (UR) | Siberian | West Siberian | 177,756 | 2,797,176 | 15.74 | 1937 |
| 55 | Omsk Oblast | Omsk | | | oblast | | Alexander Burkov (SRZP) | Siberian | West Siberian | 141,140 | 1,858,798 | 13.17 | 1934 |
| 56 | Orenburg Oblast | Orenburg | | | oblast | | Denis Pasler (UR) | Volga | Ural | 123,702 | 1,862,767 | 15.06 | 1934 |
| 57 | Oryol Oblast | Oryol | | | oblast | | Andrey Klychkov (CPRF) | Central | Central | 24,652 | 713,374 | 28.94 | 1937 |
| 58 | Penza Oblast | Penza | | | oblast | | Oleg Melnichenko (UR) | Volga | Volga | 43,352 | 1,266,348 | 29.21 | 1939 |
| 59 | Perm Krai | Perm | | | krai | | Dmitry Makhonin (Ind.) | Volga | Ural | 160,236 | 2,532,405 | 15.80 | 2005 |
| 60 | Pskov Oblast | Pskov | | | oblast | | Mikhail Vedernikov (UR) | Northwestern | Northwestern | 55,399 | 599,084 | 10.81 | 1944 |
| 61 | Rostov Oblast | Rostov-on-Don | | | oblast | | Vasily Golubev (UR) | Southern | North Caucasus | 100,967 | 4,200,729 | 41.60 | 1937 |
| 62 | Ryazan Oblast | Ryazan | | | oblast | | Pavel Malkov (Ind.) | Central | Central | 39,605 | 1,102,810 | 27.85 | 1937 |
| 63 | Samara Oblast | Samara | | | oblast | | Dmitry Azarov (UR) | Volga | Volga | 53,565 | 3,172,925 | 59.24 | 1928 |
| 64 | Saratov Oblast | Saratov | | | oblast | | Roman Busargin (UR) | Volga | Volga | 101,240 | 2,442,575 | 24.13 | 1936 |
| 65 | Sakhalin Oblast | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | | | oblast | | Valery Limarenko (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 87,101 | 466,609 | 5.36 | 1947 |
| 66 | Sverdlovsk Oblast | Yekaterinburg | | | oblast | | Yevgeny Kuyvashev (UR) | Ural | Ural | 194,307 | 4,268,998 | 21.97 | 1935 |
| 67 | Smolensk Oblast | Smolensk | | | oblast | | Alexey Ostrovsky (LDPR) | Central | Central | 49,779 | 888,421 | 17.85 | 1937 |
| 68 | Tambov Oblast | Tambov | | | oblast | | Maksim Yegorov (UR, acting) | Central | Central Black Earth | 34,462 | 982,991 | 28.52 | 1937 |
| 69 | Tver Oblast | Tver | | | oblast | | Igor Rudenya (UR) | Central | Central | 84,201 | 1,230,171 | 14.61 | 1935 |
| 70 | Tomsk Oblast | Tomsk | | | oblast | | Vladimir Mazur (UR, acting) | Siberian | West Siberian | 314,391 | 1,062,666 | 3.38 | 1944 |
| 71 | Tula Oblast | Tula | | | oblast | | Aleksey Dyumin (UR) | Central | Central | 25,679 | 1,501,214 | 58.46 | 1937 |
| 72 | Tyumen Oblast | Tyumen | | | oblast | | Aleksandr Moor (UR) | Ural | West Siberian | 160,122 | 1,601,940 | 10.00 | 1944 |
| 73 | Ulyanovsk Oblast | Ulyanovsk | | | oblast | | Aleksey Russkikh (CPRF) | Volga | Volga | 37,181 | 1,196,745 | 32.19 | 1943 |
| 74 | Chelyabinsk Oblast | Chelyabinsk | | | oblast | | Aleksey Teksler (UR) | Ural | Ural | 88,529 | 3,431,224 | 38.76 | 1934 |
| 75 | Zabaykalsky Krai | Chita | | | krai | | Aleksandr Osipov (Ind.) | Far Eastern | East Siberian | 431,892 | 1,004,125 | 2.32 | 2008 |
| 76 | Yaroslavl Oblast | Yaroslavl | | | oblast | | Mikhail Yevrayev (Ind.) | Central | Central | 36,177 | 1,209,811 | 33.44 | 1936 |
| 77 | Moscow | Moscow | | | federal city | | Sergey Sobyanin (UR) | Central | Central | 2,561 | 13,010,112 | 5,080.09 | 1147 |
| 78 | Saint Petersburg | Saint Petersburg | | | federal city | | Alexander Beglov (UR) | Northwestern | Northwestern | 1,403 | 5,601,911 | 3,992.81 | 1703 |
| 79 | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | Birobidzhan | | | autonomous oblast | Jews | Rostislav Goldstein (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 36,271 | 150,453 | 4.15 | 1934 |
| 80 | Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Naryan-Mar | | | autonomous okrug | Nenets | Yury Bezdudny (UR) | Northwestern | Northern | 176,810 | 41,434 | 0.23 | 1929 |
| 81 | Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra | Khanty-Mansiysk (Largest city: Surgut) | | | autonomous okrug | Khanty, Mansi | Natalya Komarova (UR) | Ural | West Siberian | 534,801 | 1,711,480 | 3.20 | 1930 |
| 82 | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | Anadyr | | | autonomous okrug | Chukchi | Roman Kopin (UR) | Far Eastern | Far Eastern | 721,481 | 47,490 | 0.07 | 1930 |
| 83 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Salekhard (Largest city: Novy Urengoy) | | | autonomous okrug | Nenets | Dmitry Artyukhov (UR) | Ural | West Siberian | 769,250 | 510,490 | 0.66 | 1930 |
Contested territories situated within the internationally recognised borders of Ukraine :
| Code | Name | Capital/ Administrative centre | Flag | Coat of arms | Type | | Head of subject | Federal district | Economic region | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Population | Est. |
| Code | Name | Capital/ Administrative centre | Flag | Coat of arms | Type | 84 | Head of subject | Federal district | Economic region | Area (km$^2$) | Republic of Crimea | Simferopol | Est. | republic | Sergey Aksyonov (UR) | Southern | North Caucasus | 26,081 | 1,934,630 | 74.18 | 2014 |
| 85 | Sevastopol | Sevastopol | | | federal city | | Mikhail Razvozhayev (UR) | Southern | North Caucasus | 864 | 547,820 | 634.05 | 2014 |
| 86 | Donetsk People's Republic | Donetsk | | | republic | | Denis Pushilin (UR/ODDR) | | | 26,517 | 4,100,280 | 154.63 | 2022 |
| 87 | Luhansk People's Republic | Luhansk | | | republic | | Leonid Pasechnik (UR/ML) | | | 26,684 | 2,121,322 | 79.50 | 2022 |
| 88 | Zaporozhye Oblast | Melitopol (de facto) Zaporizhzhia (claimed) | | | oblast | | Yevgeny Balitsky (UR) | | | 27,183 | 1,666,515 | 61.31 | 2022 |
| 89 | Kherson Oblast | Henichesk (de facto) Kherson (claimed) (Largest city: Kherson) | | | oblast | | Vladimir Saldo (Ind.) | | | 28,461 | 1,016,707 | 35.72 | 2022 |