# Alexandria Governorate

Alexandria Governorate (Egyptian Arabic: محافظة اسكندريه) is one of the governorates of Egypt. The city of Alexandria was historically the capital of Egypt until the foundation of Fustat, which was later absorbed into Cairo. Today the Alexandria governorate is considered second in importance after the Cairo Governorate. It is located in the northern part of the country, directly on the Mediterranean Sea, making it one of the most important harbours in Egypt.
Along with Cairo, Port Said and Suez, Alexandria is one of four governorates in the country that are also municipalities. The governorate capital is the city of Alexandria, the second largest city in Egypt. Alexandria governorate lies along the Mediterranean coast and stretch for about 70 km northwest of the Nile Delta. The governorate is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, El Behera governorate in the south and the east and Matrouh governorate in the west. The total area size of Alexandria governorate is almost 2818 km2. It has the most important harbour in Egypt and it is the second largest urban governorate in the country with population more than four and half million (4,799,740 in March 2015) and population density of 1700 square kilometres according to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Alexandria has a unique geographical location and a mild climate. It is also considered an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are concentrated, especially chemicals, food, spinning and weaving as well as petrol industries and fertilizers.

## Municipal divisions

The governorate is divided into municipal divisions with a total estimated population as of January 2024 of 5,599,387.
Municipal Divisions :
| Number | Anglicized name | Native name | Egyptian Arabic transliteration | Population (January 2023 Est.) | Type |
| 1 | Alexandria Port Police Dept. | ادارة شرطه مينا اسكندريه | Edaret Shortet Mīna Eskenderiyyah | 0 | Police-administrated Area |
| 2 | El Dekhela | الدخيله | El-Dekheilah | 502,094 | esm = district |
| 3 | 1st El Amreya | قسم أول العامريه | Esm Awwal El-ʻamreyyah | 504,562 | esm = district |
| 4 | 2nd El Amreya | قسم تانى العامريه | Esm Tani El-ʻamriyyah | 295,528 | esm = district |
| 5 | El Atareen | العطارين | El-ʻattārīn | 39,159 | esm = district |
| 6 | El Gomrok | الجمرك | El-Gomrok | 98,055 | esm = district |
| 7 | El Labban | اللبان | El-Labbān | 43,578 | esm = district |
| 8 | El Manshiyya | المنشيه | El-Mansheyyah | 24,903 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 9 | 1st El Montaza | قسم أول المنتزه | Esm Awwal El-Montazah | 1,109,010 | esm = district |
| 10 | 2nd El Montaza | قسم تانى المنتزه | Esm Tāni El-Montazah | 575,067 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 11 | 1st El Raml | قسم أول الرمل | Esm Awwal Er-Raml 1 | 294,477 | esm = district |
| 12 | 2nd El Raml | قسم تانى الرمل | Esm Tani El-Raml 2 | 669,233 | esm = district |
| 13 | North Coast | الساحل الشمالى | El-Sāḥel El-Shamāli | 2,963 | Unorganized Area |
| 14 | Bab Shar' | باب شرق | Bāb Shar' | 240,760 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 15 | Borg El-Arab | برج العرب | Borg el-ʻarab | 92,175 | Markaz |
| 16 | Karmouz | كرموز | Karmūz | 110,533 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 17 | New Borg El-Arab City | برج العرب الجديده | Borg el-ʻarab el-Gedīdah | 43,921 | New City |
| 18 | Mina El Basal | مينا البصل | Mīna el-Basal | 268,252 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 19 | Moharam Bek | محرم بك | Mḥarram Beh | 297,318 | Kism (fully urban) |
| 20 | Sidi Gaber | سيدى جابر | Sīdi Gāber | 267,152 | esm = district |

### Districts

The municipal divisions are further grouped into 10 districts (singular: حى ḥay, plural: أحياء aḥya') which fall directly under the administration of the Alexandria Governorate, while the New Borg El Arab City falls under the jurisdiction of the New Urban Communities Authority.

## Industrial zones

According to the Governing Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), the following industrial zones are located in Alexandria:
* Zone name
* 31 Km Desert Road Industrial Zone
* El Agami South Betash
* El Nahda Industrial Zone
* El Nasria Industrial Zone
* Margham Industrial Zone
* New El Manshia Industrial Zone
* Om Zeghio Industrial Zone
* Sebko Industrial Zone

## Schools

* Forsan American School
* Forsan International School
* Riada American School
* Riada Language School
* Gems Alexandria Academy
* Schutz American School
* House of English
* New El Quds International School
* International British School of Alexandria

## Tourism

Alexandria is known with its diverse history as it was occupied by several cultures throughout the years. Several monuments nowadays shape Alexandria's historic sites.

### Monuments

* Bibliotheca Alexandrina
* Citadel of Qaitbay
* Graeco-Roman Museum
* Alexandria National Museum
* Royal Jewelry Museum
* Serapeum
* Pompey's Pillar
* Roman Amphitheatre
* Lighthouse of Alexandria

### Gardens

* Al Montaza Gardens
* Al Shallalat Gardens
* Antoniadis Garden
* El-Nozha Garden
* International Park of Alexandria

## Education
### Notable educational institutes

* Bibliotheca Alexandrina
* Alexandria University
* Alexandria International University
* Borg El Arab Technological University
* Senghor University
* Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport
* Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology in New Borg El Arab city.
* City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications
* Pharos University
* Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology

## Sports

The governorate of Alexandria has several sports clubs that represents the governorate such as:
* El Ittihad Alexandria Club
* Egyptian Olympic Athletes Club
* Smouha Sporting Club
* Alexandria Sporting Club
Alexandria governorate most common sport is football and holds three main stadiums which are:
* Borg El Arab Stadium
* Alexandria Stadium
* Haras El-Hedoud Stadium

## Former governors

Alexandria Governorate has had several governors throughout the years, below is listed the former governors since 1952 up to 2017:
* Counselor Mohammed Mustafa Kamal Dib (from April 10, 1952 to January 5, 1957)
* Mr. Mahmoud Ismael Mehanna (from March 4, 1957 to September 10, 1960)
* Major Sedeek Abdul Latif (from October 8, 1960 to November 12, 1961)
* Mr. Mohammed Hamdi Ashour (from November 12, 1961 to October 27, 1968)
* Major General Ahmed Kamel (from November 6, 1968 to November 17, 1970)
* Major Mamdouh Salem (from November 18, 1970 to May 13, 1971)
* Dr. Ahmed Fouad Muhyiddin (from May 8, 1971 to September 7, 1972)
* Prof. Abdel Moneim Wehbe (From September 8, 1972 to May 28, 1974)
* Major General. Ahmed Abdel Tawab Hdaib (from May 29, 1974 to November 27, 1978)
* Prof. Mohamed Fouad Hilmi (from November 28, 1978 to May 14, 1980)
* Prof. Naim Mustafa Abu Talib (from May 15, 1980 to August 23, 1981)
* Mr. Mohammed Saeed Al-Mahi (from August 24, 1981 to May 17, 1982)
* Major General Mohamed Fawzy Maaz (from May 18, 1982 to June 9, 1986)
* Counselor Ismail El-Gawsaqi (from July 10, 1986 to July 8, 1997)
* Major General Mohamed Abdel Salam Mahgoub (from July 9, 1997 to August 28, 2006)
* General Adel Labib (from August 2006 to February 2011)
* Dr. Essam Salem (from April 3, 2011 to July 2011)
* Dr. Osama Foley (from August 4, 2011 to July 2012)
* Counselor Mohamed Atta Abbas (from September 4, 2012 to June 1, 2013)
* Counselor Maher Mohamed Zahir Baybars (from June 16, 2013 to August 12, 2013)
* General Tarek Mahdy (from August 13, 2013 to February 6, 2015)
* Mr. Hany El-Mesiry (from February 7, 2015 to October 25, 2015)
* Engineer Mohamed Ahmed Abd-El-Zaher (from December 26, 2015 to September 7, 2016)
* General Reda Mohamed Farahat (from September 9, 2016 to February 16, 2017)
* Dr. Mohamed Ali Sultan (from February 16, 2017 to August 30, 2018)
* Dr. Abdul Aziz Qansua (from August 30, 2018 to July 2024)
* Ahmed Khaled Hassan Saeed (present)

## Transportation
### Ports

* Alexandria Port
* Al Dekheila Port
* Abu Qir Port
* Eastern Port

### Railroads

* Alexandria Tram
* Alexandria Railways
* Alexandria Metro

### Airports

* Borg El Arab Airport