OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jingkai Street Circuit

The Jingkai Street Circuit, also known as the Beijing International Street Circuit, was a street circuit in Yizhuang, a suburb 10 miles (15 km) to the south-east of central Beijing, China. It was first used on the weekend of 10–12 November 2006 for the third round of the A1GP. China became the only country to host two events in the 2006–07 A1 Grand Prix series.
It was announced in the Shanghai Daily on March 23, 2007 that, due to lack of funding, no further A1 Grand Prix races were scheduled to be held in Beijing. The report suggested that preparing the street circuit for the race cost about 20 million yuan ($2.6 million).

## Safety issues

The FIA expressed safety concerns about the dual carriageway on this track before the event, so it was feared that it could have led to a "last minute" cancellation decision. However, clearance was given on the morning of November 10 for the use of the circuit for racing purposes. The tight hairpin at the end of the dual carriageway and also the backstraight was a 180 degree left turn. Later during the event, the turn was found to be far too tight for the race cars. They tried to negotiate safely by running wide but were still stopping at the mid corner, therefore the sessions were red flagged.
During qualifying, manhole covers on the roads were coming undone due to the racing cars' high downforce and low ride height. Some advertising banners also came loose around the circuit. It was announced the races would start behind the safety car, as the first corner was also deemed unsafe.

## Circuit layout changes

As a result of safety issues and difficulties experienced during the first practice session for the inaugural race at the circuit—the A1GP cars found it difficult to negotiate the tight 180-degree Turn 8 hairpin—the circuit was revised overnight prior to practice on November 11, 2006. The straight leading up to Turn 8 was shortened and the turn was made less tight. The shorter circuit, down from 3.048 to 2.231 km (1.894 to 1.386 mi), was created and creating another less tight hairpin halfway up the straight, bypassing most of the old straight. However, this corner was still not ideal as drivers ran wide despite the corner being wider, and had to avoid the pitlane entry barrier.
# Pranlal Patel

Pranlal Karamshibhai Patel (1 January 1910 – 18 January 2014) was a photographer from Gujarat, India. He had career spanning eight decades.

## Biography

Patel was born in Keshiya (now in Jamnagar district, Gujarat, India). Patel received training in photography starting in 1932 from Balwant Bhatt and Ravishankar Raval, initially using a box camera. He later used cameras such as the Super Ikonta (from 1936), Rolleiflex (from 1939), and Nikon.
His work is primarily in black and white photography and is described in terms of art as belonging to the pictorial style, which emphasizes delicate emotional expression and prioritizes beauty, making it appealing to the general public. Patel's photographs gained widespread recognition in numerous popular and prestigious magazines and exhibitions in Gujarat, India, and internationally due to this artistic approach.
Patel extensively documented rural life in India, its historical buildings, and its natural beauty through his photography from 1933 to 1989, earning him numerous national awards. He also received international accolades in 1942, 1964, 1966, and 1976. In 2013-14, an exhibition of his photographs, titled Refocusing the Lens: Pranlal K. Patel's Photographs of Women at Work in Ahmedabad, was held at Hamilton College in New York State, USA.
Beyond documenting the lives of ordinary citizens, Patel is also remembered for his photographs of prominent Indian leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Patel.
Patel established the Patel Photo Studio in 1945 opposite Ahmedabad Town Hall. Throughout his long career, he mentored numerous photographers. He also played a key role in promoting photography education and its organized institutional structure by founding the Niharika Club of Photography in Ahmedabad in 1939 and the Camera Club of Karnavati in Ahmedabad in 1980.
He died on 18 January 2014 in Ahmedabad.

## Awards and recognition

* Gaurav Puraskar by the Gujarat Government in 1990.
* Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, in 2011.
* Kailash Kala Award by Morari Bapu at the 'Asmita Parv' held in Talgajarda near Mahuva in 2013.
* Other significant awards include recognitions from the Photo Kala Club (Amreli) (2005), Federation of Indian Photography Convention (2010), Federation of Senior Photographer (2010), 'Niharika' The Society of Gujarat Pictorialists Award (2011), the Photo Division Award from the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (2011), Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture Award (Rajkot) (2011), Sanskar Dham Award (2011), Nilkanth Patangnagar Pratibha Award (2012), Manav Pratishthan Award by Shrimati V. M. Modi Educational & Charitable Trust (2012), Kailash Lalit Kala Award (2013), and Rajkot Photographers Association Award (2013).
# Duchess of Westminster

Duchess of Westminster is a title given to the wife of the Duke of Westminster, an extant title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom which was created in 1874 by Queen Victoria. The incumbent is Olivia Henson, wife of Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster, since their marriage in 2024.

## Duchesses of Westminster

| Name | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess of Westminster | Spouse | Death | Ceased being Duchess of Westminster | Reason ceased being Duchess |
| Lady Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower | 16 June 1834 | 28 April 1852 | 27 February 1874 | Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster | 19 December 1880 | 19 December 1880 | Died |
| Katherine Cavendish | 1857 | 19 July 1882 | 19 July 1882 | Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster | 19 December 1941 | 22 December 1899 | Husband's death |
| Constance Cornwallis-West | 16 May 1875 | 16 February 1901 | 16 February 1901 | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster | 21 January 1970 | 19 December 1919 | Divorce |
| Violet Nelson | 1891 | 26 November 1920 | 26 November 1920 | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster | 21 January 1970 | 1926 | Divorce |
| Loelia Ponsonby | 6 February 1902 | 20 February 1930 | 20 February 1930 | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster | 1 November 1993 | 1947 | Divorce |
| Anne Sullivan | 13 April 1915 | 7 February 1947 | 7 February 1947 | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster | 31 August 2003 | 19 July 1953 | Husband's death |
| Sally Perry | 1909 | 11 April 1945 | 19 July 1953 | Gerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of Westminster | 30 May 1990 | 25 February 1967 | Husband's death |
| Viola Lyttelton | 10 June 1912 | 3 December 1946 | 25 February 1967 | Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster | 3 May 1987 | 19 February 1979 | Husband's death |
| Natalia Phillips | 8 May 1959 | 7 October 1978 | 19 February 1979 | Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster | Alive | 9 August 2016 | Husband's death |
| Olivia Henson | 1 September 1992 | 7 June 2024 | 7 June 2024 | Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent |

## Unmarried Dukes of Westminster

* William Grosvenor, 3rd Duke of Westminster, died in 1963, unmarried and childless. Therefore, there was no Duchess consort during this period.
# Emily Penn

Emily Penn is a skipper and ocean-advocate. She is known for the founding of eXXpedition, a not-for-profit organization which hosts research expeditions at sea with all-women crews to investigate ocean pollution.

## Early life

Penn graduated from University of Cambridge in 2008 with a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture. In 2008, Penn joined the speedboat Earthrace for an extended voyage from the United Kingdom to Australia, where she planned to work as an architect.

## Career

In 2010, Penn co-founded Pangaea Explorations which used a 72-foot yacht to bring scientists, researchers, and filmmakers to remote areas. In 2014, Penn co-founded eXXpedition with Lucy Gilliam. The organization hosts research expeditions at sea with all-women crews, with the intention of advancing the general understanding of microplastics in the ocean. In 2014, Penn tested her own blood for 35 toxic chemicals that have been banned by the United Nations, and found 29 of them in her blood, a topic that Penn spoke with on the TED Radio Hour.
Penn led the 2019-2020 'Round the World' expedition that had to end early due to the COVID-19 pandemic. That same year, she established the digital SHiFT platform in 2020 to provide people with ideas on ways to reduce ocean pollution.

## Honors and awards

Penn was named Yachtmaster of the Year in at the London International Boat Show in 2010, an award presented by HRH The Princess Royal. She received the Fitzroy Award at the 2016 Ocean Awards, an award given to "the adventurer or explorer who achieved the most to further ocean conservation in the past 12 months". In 2021, she was awarded the British Empire Medal in the Queen's New Year's Honours "for [her] services to conservation and charity". In 2022, Penn was named one of PEOPLE's Women Changing the World in 2022 for her work in ocean advocacy. She also received an honorary Doctorate of Science from the University of Exeter in 2022.
# Catharina Serafin

Catharina Serafin was a Prussian lady. She had an enchondroma removed from her cardiac region, leaving the chest wall open except from a thin skin layer. This allowed the German physician Hugo von Ziemssen in 1892 to do the first cardiac pacing experiments ever. These experiments gave an understanding to how the heart works electrically.
# Nikolay Karamyshev

Nikolay Karamyshev (born 19 January 1989 in Kursk) is a Russian auto racing driver. He has competed in the European Touring Car Cup and will make his debut in the World Touring Car Championship at the 2013 FIA WTCC Race of Russia.

## Racing career
### Racing in Russia

Karamyshev started his motorsport career in 2007 in autocross and then continued in rallycross and circuit racing.
Since 2008 he drove in Russian Touring Car Championship completing 2010 season in second place in Super Production category. He missed 2011 racing season due to wrist injury. In 2012 he advanced to the top category of RTCC called Touring finishing the season in third place. Then he continued his career in european touring car racing. He came back to RCRS for 2016 and 2017. After a long pause Karamyshev resumed his motorsport career in 2022 winning RCRS championship in a lesser Touring Light category.
In 2015 and 2016 Karamyshev won traditional Russian Race of Stars.

### World Touring Car Championship

Karamyshev joined Campos Racing for the inaugural FIA WTCC Race of Russia in 2013, replacing Hugo Valente in the team in a two race deal for both the Race of Russia and the Race of Portugal.

### European Touring Car Cup

In 2012-2014 Nikolay participated in European Touring Car Cup, in 2012 he was a winner of the Super Production class, and in 2014 he was a champion of the TC2 Turbo class, by winning 6 of 10 races.

## Racing record
### Complete World Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | DC | Points |
| 2013 | Campos Racing | SEAT León WTCC | ITA 1 | ITA 2 | MAR 1 | MAR 2 | SVK 1 | SVK 2 | HUN 1 | HUN 2 | AUT 1 | AUT 2 | RUS 1 21 | RUS 2 17 | POR 1 16 | POR 2 16 | ARG 1 | ARG 2 | USA 1 | USA 2 | JPN 1 | JPN 2 | CHN 1 | CHN 2 | MAC 1 | MAC 2 | NC | 0 |
# Loring W. Tu

Loring W. Tu (traditional Chinese: 杜武亮; Wade–Giles: Tu Wu-liang; born 1955) is a Taiwanese-American mathematician working in algebraic topology and geometry.

## Life

Tu was born in Taipei, Taiwan, the grandson of Taiwanese pharmacologist Tu Tsung-ming, founder of Taiwan's first private medical school (now Kaohsiung Medical University) and the first dean of the School of Medicine of National Taiwan University.
Tu is a younger brother of Charles Tu, who is a professor of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) at the University of California, San Diego. He also has another brother, Samson Tu; all siblings became academics. During his childhood, Tu and his family lived with his grandparents. When Tsung-ming established Kaohsiung Medical University, Tu and his family moved with him to Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Tu and his brothers were educated at Datong Elementary School in Kaohsiung, and Tu attended Kaohsiung Municipal No. 2 Middle School, leaving Taiwan for United States and Canada while still in junior high school. Tu initially entered McGill University to study pure mathematics and later transferred to complete his undergraduate studies in the United States. He graduated from Princeton University in 1974 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in mathematics, then entered graduate school at Harvard University, where he was mentored by professors Raoul Bott and Phillip Griffiths. Tu earned a Master of Arts and Ph.D. in mathematics from Harvard in 1976 and 1979, respectively. His doctoral advisor was Phillip A. Griffiths. His doctoral thesis was titled "Variation of Hodge Structure and the Local Torelli Problem".

## Career

Tu has been working at Tufts University since 1986, and plans to retire after 2025. On November 12, 2024, Tufts University announced that Tu would gift the university an eight-figure donation and rename the Science and Engineering Complex as the Tsungming Tu Complex in honor of Loring's late grandfather. He has frequently collaborated with Raoul Bott.
# Elia (sculpture)

Elia is a sculpture created by Ingvar Cronhammar (1947–2021) in Herning, Denmark. It is a large, spherical dome with four columns reaching 32 meters (105 ft). The dome itself has a diameter of 60 meters (200 ft). A large tube located in the center of the sculpture randomly blasts flames 8 meters (26 ft) into the air, for about 25 seconds at a time. These random bursts can occur anytime in periods of about two months and will not occur if it is too windy or if people are too close. The work was inaugurated in September 2001 and cost 23 million Danish krone.

## Accidents

On 30 October 2016 a 21-year-old man died by falling down the center. 2 months later, on 29 December 2016, a woman died the same way, purportedly committing suicide by jumping into the centre chamber. This ultimately resulted in the sculpture getting a safety net installed. In connection with the installation of the net, an installer fell several meters down and subsequently had to be taken to hospital by ambulance. On 23 March 2021, a 46-year-old man died in one of the four steel pipes while performing maintenance on the sculpture.

## Dimensions and materials

The sculpture has the following dimensions and material use:
| Measure | Meter |
| Diameter at ground level | 60.00 |
| Height above ground level (pillars) | 32.00 |
| Height to upper platform | 11.22 |
| Radius in the steel dome | 42.00 |
| Radius at bottom | 110.8 |
| Staircase width | 10.00 |
| Step height | 0.34 |
| Materials | Amount |
| Steel sheeting | 270 t |
| Structural steel | 80 t |
| Steel pillars | 30 t |
| Concrete | 250 m³ |
| Asphalt | 300 t |
| Reinforcement steel | 15 t |
| Volume of earth excavated | 7,000 m³ |
| Terrain regulation | 20,000 m³ earth |
# Concilio Cubano

Concilio Cubano was a network of pro-democracy groups in Cuba which pushed for a peaceful transition to democracy. It was founded in October 1995.
The Cuban government realised the existence of Concilio Cubano in February 1996.
# The Silent Accuser

The Silent Accuser is a 1924 American silent crime drama film directed by Chester M. Franklin. The film stars dog star Peter the Great, Eleanor Boardman, and Raymond McKee.

## Plot

As described in a review in a film magazine, while waiting for Jack (McKee), with whom she intends to elope, Barbara (Boardman) is accosted in her bedroom by Phil (Metcalfe), a boarder in her home, who is maddened with jealousy. Her screams attract her aged stepfather. She faints and Phil leaves the room in time to be met by the stepfather (Weigel), whom he kills. Peter, Jack's dog, witnesses the murder through the window. Phil escapes and Jack arrives just in time to be in a compromising position. He is convicted of the murder. Peter gains the confidence of the warden and carries messages between Jack and Barbara. When Jack escapes, Peter holds off the guards. Barbara and Jack and Peter cross the border. In a Mexican town they recognize Phil. Barbara lures Phil to their place of hiding, when Peter breaks loose and pursues the villain. After a long chase Peter finally is able to hold Phil at bay until the authorities arrive, when he confesses to the crime.

## Cast

* Eleanor Boardman as Barbara Jane
* Raymond McKee as Jack
* Earl Metcalfe as Phil
* Paul Weigel as Stepfather
* Edna Tichenor as The Painted Lady

## Preservation

A print of The Silent Accuser is reportedly held in the French archive Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée in Fort de Bois-d'Arcy.
# Taro Morishima

Taro Morishima (森嶋 太郎, Morishima Tarō, 1903 – 1989) was a Japanese mathematician specializing in algebra who attended University of Tokyo in Japan. Morishima published at least thirteen papers, including his work on Fermat's Last Theorem. and a collected works volume published in 1990 after his death. He also corresponded several times with American mathematician H. S. Vandiver.

## Morishima's Theorem on FLT

    Let m be a prime number not exceeding 31. Let p be prime, and let x, y, z be integers such that x$^p$ + y$^p$ + z$^p$ = 0. Assume that p does not divide the product xyz. Then, p² must divide m$^{p−1}$-1.

## Review

Granville wrote that Morishima's proof could not be accepted.
# GER 552 Class

The GER 552 Class was a class of ten 0-6-0 tender locomotives built by Kitson and Company for the Great Eastern Railway in 1882.$^{:48}$

## History

The 552 Class was unusual in having their footplate raised clear of the driving wheels, leaving them exposed. T. W. Worsdell replaced Massey Bromley as Locomotive Superintendent at the same time as the class was being built, and he produced his own 0-6-0 design with the Y14 class. Those had larger boilers and smaller driving wheels, giving a higher tractive effort.
Under James Holden, the 552 Class were given larger cylinders and newer boilers. By this time they were mostly relegated to ballast train duties. The entire class was withdrawn and scrapped between 1904 and 1906.
# Oak Grove (Erwin, North Carolina)

Oak Grove is a historic home located near Erwin in Harnett County and Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1764, and is a two-story, five bay by two bay, Georgian frame dwelling. It has a full-width front porch and shed roofed wings. During the American Civil War, in March, 1865, the Battle of Averasborough was fought on the grounds of Oak Grove.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
# Oak Grove (Hampton County, South Carolina)

Oak Grove, also known as Richardson Place, is a historic home located near Brunson, Hampton County, South Carolina. It was built in 1852, and is a two-story, Greek Revival style clapboard dwelling on a raised basement. The front facade features a two-story verandah. It is believed that General William Tecumseh Sherman visited Oak Grove during the American Civil War, while on his rampage through the Carolinas during his Campaign of the Carolinas.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Muhammad Hanif Alatas

Habib Muhammad Hanif bin Abdurrahman Alatas (Arabic: محمد حنيف بن عبد الرحمن العطاس, romanized: Muḥammad Ḥanīf bin ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Aṭṭās; most commonly known as Habib Hanif; born 13 January 1993) is an Indonesian Islamic cleric, preacher and activist of the Islamic Defenders Front (Indonesian: Front Pembela Islam, abbreviated as FPI). He is the son-in-law of the founder and high priest of FPI, Habib Muhammad Rizieq Shihab. He married Sharifah Zulfa Shihab, Rizieq's daughter, on 17 August 2016. FPI was disbanded by the Indonesian government on 30 December 2020, but its sympathizers then founded a new FPI organization with the acronym Islamic Brotherhood Front (Indonesian: Front Persaudaraan Islam). In 2022, a new FPI management was formed, Hanif himself then served as secretary of the shuro council of the FPI central board.

## Biography

Hanif was born in Petamburan, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta on 20 Rajab 1413 AH as the first of four children of Habib Abdurrahman Alatas and Sharifah Fadhilah binti Ahmadun Alatas. His three siblings are Sholeh Alatas, Syarifah Aisyah Alatas, and Umar Alatas. Both of them are native residents of Petamburan, Central Jakarta, but later moved to the Kembangan area, West Jakarta. His father, Abdurrahman, was one of the figures and founders of the Islamic Defenders Front when it was first formed in 1998.
# 2000 Kremlin Cup

The 2000 Kremlin Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow in Russia that was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 2000 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 23 October through 29 October 2000.

## Finals
### Men's singles

Yevgeny Kafelnikov defeated David Prinosil 6–2, 7–5
* It was Kafelnikov's 2nd title of the year and the 22nd of his career.

### Women's singles

Martina Hingis defeated Anna Kournikova 6–3, 6–1
* It was Hingis's 8th title of the year and the 34th of her career.

### Men's doubles

Jonas Björkman / David Prinosil defeated Jiří Novák / David Rikl 6–2, 6–3
* It was Björkman's 1st title of the year and the 21st of his career. It was Prinosil's 2nd title of the year and the 8th of his career.

### Women's doubles

Julie Halard-Decugis / Ai Sugiyama defeated Martina Hingis / Anna Kournikova 4–6, 6–4, 7–6(5)
* It was Halard-Decugis's 10th title of the year and the 15th of her career. It was Sugiyama's 7th title of the year and the 16th of her career.
# Let's Rock Again!

Let's Rock Again! is a music documentary film following Joe Strummer as he tours across the United States and Japan with his band the Mescaleros promoting their second album Global a Go-Go. The memoir was shot by filmmaker and longtime Strummer friend Dick Rude in the 18 months leading up to Strummer's death in 2002.
In light of Strummer's death, the film is "inevitably sad to watch now," as The Guardian wrote in a review, but still inspirational in its portrayal of "a star of rare humility".

## DVD

The DVD was released in June 2006. Bonus features include:
* Interviews with Joe Strummer
* Behind-the-scenes footage
* Joe's Suitcase [Slide Show]
* Q & A with director Dick Rude
* Five songs performed live:
* "Bigger They Come, Harder They Fall"
* "Quarter Pound an Ishens"
* "Armagideon Time"
* "Pressure Drop '72"
* "Rudie Can't Fail"
Scene selections include:
* Tom Snyder and The Clash
* 1977 (The Clash)
* 1 October 2002, Tokyo, Japan
* Main Title; Global a Go-Go
* Bhindi Bhagee
* Interaction with the Fans
* Quarter Pound an Ishens
* Trashman or Doorman?
* From Hero to Zero
* London's Burning
* Word of Mouth
* Mega Bottle Ride
* Drumming Up Business
* Get Down Moses
* Backstage Shenanigans
* Shaktar Donetsk
* Songwriting and Lyrics
* Cool 'n' Out
* 9 October 2001, New York, NY
* Minstrel Boy
* Going Underground
* 1969
* Johnny Appleseed
* End Credits