# List of spaceflight records

Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in earlier experimental flights, typically to establish the feasibility of sending humans to outer space.
The notion of "firsts" in spaceflight follows a long tradition of firsts in aviation, but is also closely tied to the Space Race. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to be the first countries to accomplish various feats. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial orbital satellite. In 1961, Soviet Vostok 1 cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to enter space and orbit the Earth, and in 1969 American Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the Moon. No human has traveled beyond low Earth orbit since 1972, when the Apollo program ended.
During the 1970s, the Soviet Union directed its energies to human habitation of space stations of increasingly long durations. In the 1980s, the United States began launching its Space Shuttles, which carried larger crews and thus could increase the number of people in space at a given time. Following their first mission of détente on the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the Soviet Union and the United States again collaborated with each other on the Shuttle-Mir initiative, efforts which led to the International Space Station (ISS), which has been continuously inhabited by humans for over 20 years.
Other firsts in spaceflight involve demographics, private enterprise, and distance. Dozens of countries have sent at least one traveler to space. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6. In the early 21st century, private companies joined government agencies in crewed spaceflight: in 2004, the sub-orbital spaceplane SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded crewed craft to enter space; in 2020, SpaceX's Dragon 2 became the first privately developed crewed vehicle to reach orbit when it ferried a crew to the ISS. As of 2025, the uncrewed probe Voyager 1 is the most distant artificial object from the Earth, part of a small class of vehicles that are leaving the Solar System.

## First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country

| Country | Mission | Crew | Spacecraft | Launch vehicle | Date | Type | Notes |
| USSR | Vostok 1 | Yuri Gagarin | Vostok 3KA | Vostok-K | 12 April 1961 | Orbital | |
| USA | Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7) | Alan Shepard | Mercury Spacecraft No.7 | Mercury-Redstone | 5 May 1961 | Sub-orbital | |
| USA | Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7) | John Glenn | Mercury Spacecraft No.13 | Atlas LV-3B | 20 February 1962 | Orbital | |
| USSR | Soyuz 18A | Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov | Soyuz 7K-T | Soyuz 11A511 | 5 April 1975 | Sub-orbital | The mission was intended to be orbital, but a fault in the launch vehicle prevented the spacecraft from reaching orbit. |
| Russia | Soyuz TM-14 | Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Kaleri, Klaus-Dietrich Flade | Soyuz-TM | Soyuz-U2 | 17 March 1992 | Orbital | First Soyuz mission to occur after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. |
| China | Shenzhou 5 | Yang Liwei | Shenzhou spacecraft | Long March 2F | 15 October 2003 | Orbital | |

## Human spaceflight firsts

Note: Some space records are disputed as a result of ambiguities surrounding the border of space. Most records follow the FAI definition of the space border which the FAI sets at an altitude of 100 km (62.14 mi). By contrast, US agencies define the border of space at 50 mi (80.47 km).
| First | Person(s) | Mission | Country | Date |
| Person to reach spacePerson in orbitPerson to survive orbital reentry | Yuri Gagarin | Vostok 1 | USSR | 12 April 1961 |
| Person to make suborbital flightPerson to land in water (splashdown)Person to manually pilot spacecraft. | Alan Shepard | Freedom 7 | USA | 5 May 1961 |
| Person in space for over 24 hoursMultiple orbits during a spaceflight | Gherman Titov | Vostok 2 | USSR | 6 August 1961 – 7 August 1961 |
| Group flightAdjacent orbitsSpacecraft-to-spacecraft communications | Andrian NikolayevPavel Popovich | Vostok 3Vostok 4 | USSR | 12 August 1962 – 15 August 1962 |
| Woman in spaceCivilian in space and in orbit (at the time of selection) | Valentina Tereshkova | Vostok 6 | USSR | 16 June 1963 – 19 June 1963 |
| Spaceflight (suborbital) by winged spacecraftCivilian in space (at the time of flight)Spaceflight (suborbital) of a reusable spacecraft | Joe Walker | X-15 Flight 90 | USA | 19 July 1963 |
| Person to enter space twice (suborbital flights above 100 kilometres (62 mi)) | Joe Walker | X-15 Flights 90 and 91 | USA | 22 August 1963 |
| Three-person spaceflight in a single spacecraftHuman spaceflight without pressurized spacesuits | Vladimir KomarovKonstantin FeoktistovBoris Yegorov | Voskhod 1 | USSR | 12 October 1964 – 13 October 1964 |
| Two-person spaceflight in a single spacecraftMulti-person spaceflight with pressurized spacesuits | Pavel BelyayevAlexei Leonov | Voskhod 2 | USSR | 18 March 1965 – 19 March 1965 |
| Spacewalk | Alexei Leonov | Voskhod 2 | USSR | 18 March 1965 |
| Orbital maneuvers (change orbit) | Gus Grissom, John W. Young | Gemini 3 | USA | 23 March 1965 |
| Person to fly two orbital spaceflights | Gordon Cooper | Faith 7Gemini 5 | USA | 15 May 1963 – 16 May 196321 August 1965 – 29 August 1965 |
| Persons to spend one week in space | Gordon CooperPete Conrad | Gemini 5 | USA | 21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965 |
| Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station-keeping)Four people in space at the same time | Frank Borman, Jim LovellWalter Schirra, Thomas Stafford | Gemini 7Gemini 6A | USA | 15 December 1965 – 16 December 1965 |
| Civilian in orbit (at the time of flight) | Neil Armstrong | Gemini 8 | USA | 16 March 1966 – 17 March 1966 |
| Space docking | Neil ArmstrongDavid Scott | Gemini 8 and Agena | USA | 16 March 1966 |
| Multiple (dual) rendezvous (with Agena 10, then Agena 8) | John W. YoungMichael Collins | Gemini 10 | USA | 19 July 196620 July 1966 |
| Persons to exceed 1,000 km above Earth | Pete ConradRichard F. Gordon Jr. | Gemini 11 | USA | 12 September 1966 – 15 September 1966 |
| Spaceflight death (during landing) | Vladimir Komarov | Soyuz 1 | USSR | 23 April 1967 – 24 April 1967 |
| Person to complete three spaceflightsPerson to fly three different types of spacecraft | Wally Schirra | Mercury-Atlas 8Gemini 6AApollo 7 | USA | 22 October 1968 |
| Persons to go beyond low Earth orbit (LEO)Persons to enter the gravitational influence of another celestial bodyPersons to enter lunar orbitPersons to see the far side of the moon while in space | Frank BormanJim LovellBill Anders | Apollo 8 | USA | 24 December 1968 – 25 December 1968 |
| People to fly together twice on different missions | Frank BormanJim Lovell | Gemini 7Apollo 8 | USA | 21 December 1968 |
| Space docking of two crewed spacecraftDual spacewalkСrew transfer (Khrunov, Yeliseyev) | Vladimir ShatalovBoris VolynovAleksei YeliseyevYevgeny Khrunov | Soyuz 4Soyuz 5 | USSR | 16 January 1969 |
| Solo flight around the Moon | John Young | Apollo 10 | USA | 22 May 1969 |
| Moon landingPlanetary surface extra-vehicular activity (EVA) | Neil ArmstrongBuzz Aldrin | Apollo 11 | USA | 20 July 1969 |
| Five people in space at the same time | Georgy Shonin, Valery KubasovAnatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko | Soyuz 6Soyuz 7 | USSR | 12 October 1969 – 13 October 1969 |
| Triple spaceflightSeven people in space at the same time | Shonin, KubasovFilipchenko, Volkov, GorbatkoVladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev | Soyuz 6Soyuz 7Soyuz 8 | USSR | 13 October 1969 – 16 October 1969 |
| Person to complete four spaceflights | James A. Lovell | Gemini 7Gemini 12Apollo 8Apollo 13 | USA | 17 April 1970 |
| Person to fly two lunar flightsPerson to complete two flights beyond low Earth orbit | James A. Lovell | Apollo 8Apollo 13 | USA | 11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970 |
| Persons to fly a free-return trajectory around a celestial bodyFurthest humans have traveled from Earth | James A. LovellJack SwigertFred Haise | Apollo 13 | USA | 11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970 |
| People to spend two weeks in spaceNight launch | Andrian NikolayevVitali Sevastyanov | Soyuz 9 | USSR | 1 June 1970 – 19 June 1970 |
| People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft | Alan ShepardEdgar Mitchell | Apollo 14 | USA | 6 February 1971 |
| Person to play sports on a planetary body other than Earth | Alan Shepard | Apollo 14 | USA | 7 February 1971 |
| Docking with space station (soft dock)Night landing | Vladimir ShatalovAleksei YeliseyevNikolai Rukavishnikov | Soyuz 10Salyut 1 | USSR | 22 April 1971 – 24 April 1971 |
| Docking with space station (hard dock)Crewed space stationIn-space fatalities | Georgy DobrovolskyViktor PatsayevVladislav Volkov | Soyuz 11Salyut 1 | USSR | 7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971 |
| Person to use a telescope in space | Viktor Patsayev | Soyuz 11Salyut 1 | USSR | 7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971 |
| People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth | Dave ScottJim Irwin | Apollo 15 | USA | 31 July 1971– 2 August 1971 |
| Deep space EVA (trans-Earth trajectory) | Alfred Worden | Apollo 15 | USA | 5 August 1971 |
| Person to be in lunar orbit twice (during separate lunar expeditions) | John W. Young | Apollo 10Apollo 16 | USA | 16 April 1972 – 27 April 1972 |
| People in orbit for four weeks | Pete ConradJoseph KerwinPaul Weitz | Skylab 2 | USA | 25 May 1973 – 22 June 1973 |
| People in orbit for eight weeks | Alan BeanJack LousmaOwen Garriott | Skylab 3 | USA | 28 July 1973 – 25 September 1973 |
| People in orbit for 12 weeks | Gerald CarrWilliam PogueEdward Gibson | Skylab 4 | USA | 16 November 1973 – 8 February 1974 |
| Spaceflight aborted during liftoff (at 145 kilometers (90 mi) altitude)Re-entry with 20g acceleration (emergency) | Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov | Soyuz 7K-T No.39 | USSR | 5 April 1975 |
| International docking | Thomas P. Stafford, Vance D. Brand, Donald K. Slayton – USA Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov – USSR | Apollo–Soyuz | USA USSR | 17 July 1975 |
| Crew to visit occupied space station | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov | Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1 crew | USSR | 10 January 1978 – 16 January 1978 |
| People in orbit 19 weeks (4 months) | Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29-Soyuz 31 | USSR | 15 June 1978 – 2 November 1978 |
| People in orbit 26 weeks (6 months) | Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin | Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35-Soyuz 37 | USSR | 9 April 1980 – 11 October 1980 |
| Spaceflight (orbital) by winged spacecraft Spaceflight (orbital) of a reusable spacecraft First, and only, crew launched on a rocket's maiden flight | John W. YoungRobert L. Crippen | STS-1 | USA | 12 April 1981 |
| Person to fly four different types of spacecraft | John W. Young | GeminiApolloLunar ModuleSpace Shuttle | USA | 12 April 1981 |
| Person to complete five spaceflights | John W. Young | Gemini 3Gemini 10Apollo 10Apollo 16STS-1 | USA | 14 April 1981 |
| Re-use of previously flown spacecraft (orbital) | Joe H. EngleRichard H. Truly | STS-2 | USA | 12 November 1981 |
| Woman to visit a space station | Svetlana Savitskaya | Salyut 7, Soyuz T-7 | USSR | 20 August 1982 |
| Four-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft | Vance BrandRobert F. OvermyerJoseph P. AllenWilliam B. Lenoir | STS-5 | USA | 11 November 1982 – 16 November 1982 |
| Five-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft | Robert L. CrippenFrederick H. HauckJohn M. FabianSally K. RideNorman E. Thagard | STS-7 | USA | 18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983 |
| LGBTQ person in space | Sally K. Ride | STS-7 | USA | 18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983 |
| Use of a launch escape system in an emergency | Vladimir Titov, Gennady Strekalov | Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L | USSR | 26 September 1983 |
| Six-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft | John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw, Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Byron K. Lichtenberg – USAUlf Merbold – Germany (European Space Agency) | STS-9 | USA West Germany | 28 November 1983 – 8 December 1983 |
| Person to complete six spaceflights | John W. Young | Gemini 3Gemini 10Apollo 10Apollo 16STS-1STS-9 | USA | 8 December 1983 |
| Untethered spacewalk | Bruce McCandless II | STS-41-B | USA | 7 February 1984 |
| Eight people in space at the same time (no docking) | Oleg Atkov, Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov – USSRVance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair, Robert L. Stewart – USA | Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B | USSR USA | 8 February 1984 – 11 February 1984 |
| 11 people in space at the same time (no docking) | Oleg Atkov, Leonid D. Kizim, Yury Malyshev, Vladimir Solovyov, Gennady Strekalov – USSRRobert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, James van Hoften – USARakesh Sharma – India | STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11 | USSR USA India | 6 April 1984 – 11 April 1984 |
| People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission | Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov | Salyut 7 | USSR | 26 April – 18 May 1984 |
| Woman to enter space twice | Svetlana Savitskaya | Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-12 | USSR | 17 July 1984 |
| Spacewalk by a woman | Svetlana Savitskaya | Soyuz T-12 | USSR | 25 July 1984 |
| Welding in space | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya | Salyut 7, Soyuz T-12 | USSR | 25 July 1984 |
| People in orbit 33 weeks (7 months) | Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov | Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11 | USSR | 8 February 1984 – 2 October 1984 |
| Seven-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft | Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Paul D. Scully-Power – USAMarc Garneau – Canada | STS-41-G | USA Canada | 5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984 |
| Two women in space at the same time | Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride | STS-41-G | USA | 5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984 |
| Partial crew exchange at a space station | Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov | Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7 | USSR | 17 September 1985 – 26 September 1985 |
| Eight-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft | Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. Nagel, Bonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford – USAReinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid – West GermanyWubbo Ockels – Netherlands (European Space Agency) | STS-61-A | USA West Germany Netherlands | 30 October 1985 – 6 November 1985 |
| Deaths during launch | Francis "Dick" ScobeeMichael J. SmithEllison OnizukaJudith ResnikRonald McNairSharon Christa McAuliffeGregory Jarvis | STS-51-L | USA | 28 January 1986 |
| Space station-to-space station flightSpace station-to-space station return flightExpedition on two space stations | Leonid KizimVladimir Solovyov | Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir | USSR | 15 March 1986 – 16 July 1986 |
| Person to accumulate 1 year in space | Leonid Kizim | Soyuz T-3 Soyuz T-15 visiting Mir and Salyut 7 | USSR | 28 June 1986 |
| Complete crew exchange at a space station | Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov | Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TM-3, at Mir | USSR | 21 December 1987 – 29 December 1987 |
| People in orbit 52 weeks (one year) | Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov | Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-6 | USSR | 21 December 1987 – 21 December 1988 |
| 12 people in space at the same time (no docking) | Shuttle: Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker – USAMir: Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov – RussiaSoyuz and Soyuz/Mir: Musa Manarov, Viktor Afanasyev – RussiaToyohiro Akiyama – Japan | STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10Soyuz TM-11 | USSR USA Japan | 2 December 1990 – 10 December 1990 |
| Civilian to use a commercial space flight, and journalist to report on space from outer space | Toyohiro Akiyama – Japan | Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-11 | Japan | 2 December 1990 – 10 December 1990 |
| Three women in space at the same time | Millie Hughes-Fulford, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon | STS-40 | USA | 5 June 1991 – 14 June 1991 |
| Three-person spacewalk | Pierre J. ThuotRichard J. HiebThomas D. Akers | STS-49 | USA | 13 May 1992 |
| Married couple in space | Mark C. Lee, Jan Davis | STS-47 | USA | 12 September 1992 – 20 September 1992 |
| 13 people in space at the same time (no docking) | Shuttle: Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise – USAMir: Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov – RussiaSoyuz/Mir: Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov – RussiaNorman E. Thagard – USA | STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21 | USA Russia | 14 March 1995 – 18 March 1995 |
| Ten people in a single spacecraft (docking) | Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard – USAAnatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia | STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21 | USA Russia | 29 June 1995 – 4 July 1995 |
| Person to accumulate 2 years in space | Sergey Avdeev | Soyuz TM-15 (Mir EO-12) Soyuz TM-22 (Mir EO-20) Soyuz TM-28/Soyuz TM-29 Mir EO 27 | Russia | 10 July 1999 |
| Woman to command a space mission | Eileen Collins | STS-93 | USA | 23 July 1999 – 27 July 1999 |
| Space tourist | Dennis Tito | Soyuz TM-32/31, ISS EP-1 | USA Russia | April 28, 2001 – May 6, 2001 |
| Person to complete seven trips to space | Jerry L. Ross | STS-61BSTS-27STS-37STS-55STS-74STS-88STS-110 | USA | 19 April 2002 |
| Deaths during re-entry | Rick D. HusbandWilliam C. McCoolDavid M. BrownKalpana ChawlaMichael P. AndersonLaurel B. ClarkIlan Ramon | STS-107 | USA | 1 February 2003 |
| Privately funded human space flight (suborbital) | Mike Melvill | SpaceShipOne flight 15P | USA | 21 June 2004 |
| 13 people in a single spacecraft (docking) | Michael Barratt, Mark L. Polansky, Douglas G. Hurley, Christopher J. Cassidy, Thomas H. Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra – USAGennady Padalka, Roman Romanenko – RussiaRobert Thirsk, Julie Payette – CanadaFrank De Winne – Belgium (European Space Agency)Koichi Wakata – Japan | ISS, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-15, STS-127 | USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan | 17 July 2009 |
| Four women in space at the same time (docking) | Shuttle: Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson – USANaoko Yamazaki – JapanISS: Tracy Caldwell Dyson – USA | STS-131ISS Expedition 23 | USA Japan | 5 April 2010 – 20 April 2010 |
| Thirty-ninth launch. orbital flight, and landing of a reusable crewed spacecraft | Steven W. LindseyEric A. BoeNicole M. P. StottAlvin DrewMichael R. BarrattStephen G. Bowen | Space Shuttle DiscoverySTS-133 | USA | 24 February 2011 – 9 March 2011 |
| Six spacecraft docked to a space station | ISS: Expedition 56 | Dragon-15, Cygnus-9, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-09, Progress MS-08, Progress MS-09 | USA Russia | 9 July 2018 |
| All-woman spacewalkSpacewalk by two women | Christina KochJessica Meir | ISS Expedition 61 | USA | 18 October 2019 |
| Astronauts launched into orbit on commercial spacecraftAstronauts flying to a space station on commercial spacecraft | Bob BehnkenDoug Hurley | Crew Dragon Demo-2 | USA | 30 May 2020 – 31 May 2020 |
| 16 people in space (50 miles) at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Mark Vande Hei, Shane Kimbrough, K. Megan McArthur, – USAOleg Novitsky, Pyotr Dubrov – RussiaThomas Pesquet – FranceAkihiko Hoshide – JapanTiangong: Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, Tang Hongbo, – ChinaUnity: David Mackay, Michael Masucci, Beth Moses - USASirisha Bandla – USA/IndiaRichard Branson, Colin Bennett – United Kingdom | Soyuz MS-18, SpaceX Crew-2, Shenzhou-12, Virgin Galactic Unity-22 | USA China Russia France India Japan UK | 11 July 2021 |
| 14 people in space (100 km) at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Mark Vande Hei, Shane Kimbrough, K. Megan McArthur, – USAOleg Novitsky, Pyotr Dubrov – RussiaThomas Pesquet – FranceAkihiko Hoshide – JapanTiangong: Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, Tang Hongbo, – ChinaNew Shepard: Jeff Bezos, Mark Bezos, Wally Funk - USAOliver Daemen – Netherlands | Soyuz MS-18, SpaceX Crew-2, Shenzhou-12, Blue Origin NS-16 | USA China Russia France Japan Netherlands | 20 July 2021 |
| Orbital spaceflight with an all private crewFully commercial orbital spaceflight | Jared IsaacmanHayley ArceneauxChristopher SembroskiSian Proctor | Inspiration4 | USA | 16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021 |
| Woman commercial astronaut spaceship pilotBlack woman spaceship pilot | Sian Proctor | Inspiration4 | USA | 16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021 |
| Person with physical disability in spaceWearing of prosthetics in space | Hayley Arceneaux | Inspiration4 | USA | 16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021 |
| 14 people in orbit at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Mark Vande Hei, Shane Kimbrough, K. Megan McArthur, – USAOleg Novitsky, Pyotr Dubrov – RussiaThomas Pesquet – FranceAkihiko Hoshide – JapanTiangong: Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, Tang Hongbo, – ChinaInspiration4: Jared Isaacman, Hayley Arceneaux, Sian Proctor, Christopher Sembroski - USA | Soyuz MS-18, SpaceX Crew-2, Shenzhou-12, Inspiration4 | USA China Russia France Japan | 16 September 2021 – 17 September 2021 |
| 19 people in space (100 km) at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Mark Vande Hei, Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn, Kayla Barron – USAAnton Shkaplerov, Pyotr Dubrov, Alexander Misurkin – RussiaMatthias Maurer – GermanyYusaku Maezawa, Yozo Hirano – JapanTiangong: Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, Ye Guangfu, – ChinaNew Shepard: Laura Shepard Churchley, Michael Strahan, Dylan Taylor, Evan Dick, Lane Bess, Cameron Bess - USA | Soyuz MS-19, Shenzhou-13, SpaceX Crew-3, Soyuz MS-20, Blue Origin NS-19 | USA China Russia Germany Japan | 11 December 2021 |
| Flight to a space station with an all private crewFully commercial flight to a space station | Michael López-AlegríaLarry ConnorMark PathyEytan Stibbe | Axiom Mission 1 To ISS | USA Spain Canada Israel | 8 April 2022 – 18 April 2022 |
| Simultaneous continuous inhabitation of two crewed space stations | ISS: Soyuz, Crew Dragon and StarlinerTSS: Shenzhou | ISSTSS | Canada European Space Agency Japan USA Russia China | 5 June 2022 – |
| 5 women in space at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Jessica Watkins, Nicole Mann – USAAnna Kikina – RussiaSamantha Cristoforetti – ItalyTiangong : Liu Yang – China | SpaceX Crew-4, SpaceX Crew-5, Shenzhou-14 | USA Russia Italy China | 5 October 2022 – 14 October 2022 |
| 20 people in space (50 miles) at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Stephen Bowen, Warren Hoburg, Peggy Whitson, John Shoffner, Francisco Rubio – USA Andrey Fedyaev, Dmitry Petelin, Sergey Prokopyev – Russia Ali AlQarni, Rayyanah Barnawi – Saudi Arabia Sultan Al Neyadi – UAETSS: Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming, Zhang Lu – ChinaUnity 25: Michael Masucci, Frederick W. "CJ" Sturckow, Beth Moses, Luke Mays, Jamila Gilbert, Christopher Huie – USA | Axiom Mission 2, Soyuz MS-23, SpaceX Crew-6, Shenzhou 15, Virgin Galactic Unity 25 | USA Russia China Saudi Arabia UAE | 25 May 2023 |
| 17 people in orbit at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Stephen Bowen, Warren Hoburg, Peggy Whitson, John Shoffner, Francisco Rubio – USA Andrey Fedyaev, Dmitry Petelin, Sergey Prokopyev – Russia Ali AlQarni, Rayyanah Barnawi – Saudi Arabia Sultan Al Neyadi – UAETSS: Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming, Zhang Lu, Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu, Gui Haichao – China | Axiom Mission 2, Soyuz MS-23, SpaceX Crew-6, Shenzhou 15, Shenzhou 16 | USA Russia China Saudi Arabia UAE | 30 May 2023 – 31 May 2023 |
| Seven spacecraft docked to a space station | ISS: Expedition 70/Expedition 71 | Dragon-30, Cygnus 21, Soyuz MS-24, Soyuz MS-25, Progress MS-25, Progress MS-26, SpaceX Crew-8 | USA Russia | 25 March 2024 |
| Person to accumulate 1000 days in space | Oleg Kononenko | Expedition 71 | Russia | 5 June 2024 |
| Woman to fly on the maiden crewed flight of an orbital spacecraft | Sunita Williams | Boeing CFT | USA | 5 June 2024 |
| Person to accumulate 3 years in space | Oleg Kononenko | Soyuz TMA-12 (Expedition 17) Soyuz TMA-03M (Expedition 30/31) Soyuz TMA-17M (Expedition 44/45) Soyuz MS-11 (Expedition 57/58/59) Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 (Expedition 69/70/71) Expedition 71 | Russia | 9 September 2024 |
| 19 people in orbit at the same time (no docking) | ISS: Tracy Caldwell-Dyson, Jeanette Epps, Sunita Williams, Barry E. Wilmore, Donald Pettit, Michael Barratt, Matthew Dominick – USA Alexander Grebenkin, Ivan Vagner, Nikolai Chub, Oleg Kononenko, Aleksey Ovchinin – RussiaPolaris Dawn: Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, Anna Menon – USATSS: Ye Guangfu, Li Cong, Li Guangsu – China | Polaris Dawn, Soyuz MS-25, Soyuz MS-26, SpaceX Crew-8, Shenzhou 18 | USA Russia China | 11 September 2024 – 15 September 2024 |
| All private crew spacewalkSpacewalk with commercially developed hardware, procedures, and EVA suitFour people in the vacuum of space during a spacewalk | Jared Isaacman Scott Poteet Sarah Gillis Anna Menon | Polaris Dawn | USA | 12 September 2024 |

## Most spaceflights
### Most launches from Earth

* 10 launches
** Frederick W. Sturckow (USA), Space Shuttle and SpaceShipTwo (1998–2024)
Note: The six SpaceShipTwo flights surpass the U.S. definition of spaceflight (50 mi (80.47 km)), but fall short of the Kármán line (100 km (62.14 mi)), the definition used for FAI space recordkeeping.

### Most orbital launches from Earth

* 7 launches
** Jerry L. Ross (USA), Space Shuttle (1985–2002)
** Franklin Chang Díaz (Costa Rica/USA), Space Shuttle (1986–2002)

### Most orbital launches overall

* 7 launches
** John W. Young (USA) launched from Earth 6 times (two Gemini, two Apollo Command Module, two Space Shuttle) and from the Moon once (Apollo Lunar Module Ascent Stage) (1965–1983)
** Jerry L. Ross (USA), Space Shuttle (1985–2002)
** Franklin Chang Díaz (Costa Rica/USA*), Space Shuttle (1986–2002)

### Largest number of different spacecraft at launch (from Earth only)

* 3 spacecraft
** Walter Schirra (USA) – launched aboard a Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo (1962–1968)
** John W. Young (USA) – launched aboard a Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle (1965–1983)
** Soichi Noguchi (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2005–2020)
** Shane Kimbrough (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2008–2021)
** Akihiko Hoshide (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2008–2021)
** Thomas Marshburn (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2007–2021)
** Koichi Wakata (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (1996–2022)
** Peggy Whitson (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2002–2023)
** Michael López-Alegría (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (1995–2024)
** Michael Barratt (USA) – launched aboard a Soyuz, Space Shuttle, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2009–2024)
** Barry Wilmore (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and Boeing Starliner (2009–2024)
** Sunita Williams (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and Boeing Starliner (2006–2024)

### Largest number of different launch vehicles (overall)

* 4 launch vehicles
** John W. Young (USA) – launched from Earth aboard a Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle, and launched from the Moon aboard the Apollo Lunar Module Ascent Stage

### Largest number of different launch sites

* 3 sites
** Sunita Williams (USA) - Kennedy Space Center (aboard a Space Shuttle in 2006), Baikonur Cosmodrome (aboard a Soyuz capsule in 2012), Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (aboard a Starliner capsule in 2024).
** Barry E. Wilmore (USA) - Kennedy Space Center (aboard a Space Shuttle in 2009), Baikonur Cosmodrome (aboard a Soyuz capsule in 2014), Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (aboard a Starliner capsule in 2024).
** Frederick W. Sturckow (USA) – Kennedy Space Center (four times aboard a Space Shuttle 1998–2010), Mojave Air and Space Port (aboard a Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo in 2018), and Spaceport America (also aboard a SpaceShipTwo, five times 2021–2024).
** John Young (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, twice aboard a Gemini capsule 1965–1966), Kennedy Space Center (four times, twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1971, twice aboard a Space Shuttle 1981–1983), Descartes Highlands (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1971).
** Neil Armstrong (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1969), Tranquility Base (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
** Buzz Aldrin (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1969), Tranquility Base (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
** Pete Conrad (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (twice aboard a Gemini capsule 1965-1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1973), Ocean of Storms (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
** Alan Shepard (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Mercury capsule in 1961), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1971), Fra Mauro (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1971).
** David Scott (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1971), Hadley Rille (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1971).
** Gene Cernan (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1972), Taurus-Littrow (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1972).
Note: SpaceShipTwo flights are suborbital. SpaceShipTwo flights surpass the U.S. definition of spaceflight (50 mi (80.47 km)), but fall short of the Kármán line (100 km (62.14 mi)), the FAI definition used for most space recordkeeping.

## Duration records
### Total human spaceflight time by country

Total Human Spaceflight statistics by nation :
| Nation | Total persons | Total person flights | Total in orbit (@ update)$^*$ | Total person days$^*$$^+$ | % of Total person days |
| TOTAL | 625 | 1384 | 14 | 72327.11 | -1 |
| Russia Soviet Union | 138 | 299 | 4 | 33336.44 | 0.460912122203087 |
| United States | 368 | 902 | 6 | 27648.74 | 0.382273494774042 |
| China | 24 | 38 | 3 | 4107.32 | 0.0567881522079975 |
| ESA | 42 | 71 | - | 3958.99 | 0.0547373023208262 |
| Japan | 14 | 27 | 1 | 2103.12 | 0.0290779430906118 |
| Italy | 8 | 15 | - | 1158.81 | 0.016021837029364 |
| Germany | 12 | 17 | - | 1032.82 | 0.0142799053228855 |
| France | 10 | 19 | - | 828.66 | 0.0114571682852316 |
| Canada | 11 | 19 | - | 726.86 | 0.0100495587302853 |
| Netherlands | 2 | 3 | - | 210.69 | 0.00291301938087212 |
| Denmark | 1 | 2 | - | 208.94 | 0.0028888237512954 |
| Belgium | 2 | 3 | - | 207.65 | 0.00287105148528489 |
| United Arab Emirates | 2 | 2 | - | 193.82 | 0.00267980039578545 |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 2 | - | 193.81 | 0.00267960836697929 |
| Sweden | 2 | 3 | - | 48.39 | 0.000668999556355849 |
| Switzerland | 1 | 4 | - | 42.50 | 0.000587636951183992 |
| Israel | 2 | 2 | - | 33.01 | 0.000456346856409391 |
| Saudi Arabia | 3 | 3 | - | 25.52 | 0.000352872134207704 |
| Turkey | 1 | 1 | - | 21.65 | 0.000299372908810302 |
| Spain | 1 | 2 | - | 18.78 | 0.00025968055457612 |
| Ukraine | 1 | 1 | - | 15.69 | 0.000216934942323924 |
| Belarus | 1 | 1 | - | 13.78 | 0.000190502177155394 |
| Bulgaria | 2 | 2 | - | 11.80 | 0.000163128470836659 |
| Malaysia | 1 | 1 | - | 10.88 | 0.000150483373950733 |
| South Korea | 1 | 1 | - | 10.88 | 0.000150483373950733 |
| South Africa | 1 | 1 | - | 9.89 | 0.000136772517190595 |
| Brazil | 1 | 1 | - | 9.89 | 0.000136695705668129 |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | 1 | - | 9.84 | 0.000136090814928711 |
| Afghanistan | 1 | 1 | - | 8.85 | 0.000122379958168573 |
| Syria | 1 | 1 | - | 7.96 | 0.000110070911693435 |
| Czechoslovakia | 1 | 1 | - | 7.93 | 0.00010961004255864 |
| Austria | 1 | 1 | - | 7.93 | 0.000109571636797407 |
| Poland | 1 | 1 | - | 7.92 | 0.000109475622394325 |
| Slovakia | 1 | 1 | - | 7.91 | 0.000109418013752476 |
| India | 1 | 1 | - | 7.90 | 0.000109264390707544 |
| Hungary | 1 | 1 | - | 7.86 | 0.000108736311490592 |
| Cuba | 1 | 1 | - | 7.86 | 0.000108717108609976 |
| Mongolia | 1 | 1 | - | 7.86 | 0.000108707507169668 |
| Vietnam | 1 | 1 | - | 7.86 | 0.000108707507169668 |
| Romania | 1 | 1 | - | 7.86 | 0.000108697905729359 |
| Mexico | 1 | 1 | - | 6.88 | 9.50926648126115e-05 |
| Astronauts currently in space: Sunita Lyn "Suni" Williams * Barry Eugene "Butch" Wilmore * Donald Roy Pettit Lingdong Song Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorbunov Anne Charlotte "Annimal" McClain Nichole Stilwell Vapor Ayers Takuya Onishi Xuzhe Cai Haoze Wang Aleksei Nikolaevich Ovchinin Tyler Nicklaus "Nick" Hague Ivan Viktorovich Vagner Kirill Aleksandrovich Peskov | Astronauts currently in space: Sunita Lyn "Suni" Williams * Barry Eugene "Butch" Wilmore * Donald Roy Pettit Lingdong Song Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorbunov Anne Charlotte "Annimal" McClain Nichole Stilwell Vapor Ayers Takuya Onishi Xuzhe Cai Haoze Wang Aleksei Nikolaevich Ovchinin Tyler Nicklaus "Nick" Hague Ivan Viktorovich Vagner Kirill Aleksandrovich Peskov | Astronauts currently in space: Sunita Lyn "Suni" Williams * Barry Eugene "Butch" Wilmore * Donald Roy Pettit Lingdong Song Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorbunov Anne Charlotte "Annimal" McClain Nichole Stilwell Vapor Ayers Takuya Onishi Xuzhe Cai Haoze Wang Aleksei Nikolaevich Ovchinin Tyler Nicklaus "Nick" Hague Ivan Viktorovich Vagner Kirill Aleksandrovich Peskov | Crew Vehicles currently in space: SpaceX Crew-9 Soyuz MS-26 Shenzhou-19 SpaceX Crew-10 | Crew Vehicles currently in space: SpaceX Crew-9 Soyuz MS-26 Shenzhou-19 SpaceX Crew-10 | Crew Vehicles currently in space: SpaceX Crew-9 Soyuz MS-26 Shenzhou-19 SpaceX Crew-10 |
| Table data accurate as of 2025-03-16 04:05 UTC ||||||
| * includes those in orbit at time table was updated +TOTAL person days in orbit will not match the sum of the totals for individual nations as some individuals are dual citizens (based solely on those identified as such by spacefacts.de - see table references). ||||||

### Most time in space

The record for most time in space is held by Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, who has spent 1110 days, 14 hours, 57 minutes in space over five missions. He broke the record of Gennady Padalka on 4 February 2024 at 07:30:08 UTC during his fifth spaceflight aboard Soyuz MS-24/25 for a one year long-duration mission on the ISS. He later became the first person to stay 900, 1,000, and 1,100 days in space on 25 February 2024, 4 June 2024, and 12 September 2024 respectively. Gennady Padalka is currently second, having spent 878 days in space. He himself had broken the all-time duration record on 28 June 2015 when he surpassed the previous record holder, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes (about 2.2 years) during six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and the International Space Station.
As of 16 March 2025 the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space are:
Color key:
* Currently in space
* Active
* Retired
* Deceased
| Rank | Person | Days | Flights | Status | Nationality |
| 1 | Oleg Kononenko | 1110.623 | 5 | Active | Russia |
| 2 | Gennady Padalka | 878.480 | 5 | Retired | Russia |
| 3 | Yuri Malenchenko | 827.389 | 6 | Retired | Russia |
| 4 | Sergei Krikalev | 803.371 | 6 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 5 | Aleksandr Kaleri | 769.276 | 5 | Retired | Russia |
| 6 | Sergei Avdeev | 747.593 | 3 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 7 | Anton Shkaplerov | 709.336 | 4 | Retired | Russia |
| 8 | Valeri Polyakov | 678.690 | 2 | Deceased | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 9 | Peggy Whitson | 675.158 | 4 | Active | United States |
| 10 | Fyodor Yurchikhin | 672.860 | 5 | Retired | Russia |
| 11 | Anatoly Solovyev | 651.117 | 5 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 12 | Sunita Williams | 605.897 | 3 | Active | United States |
| 13 | Sergey Prokopyev | 567.633 | 2 | Active | Russia |
| 14 | Aleksey Ovchinin | 560.928 | 3 | Active | Russia |
| 15 | Oleg Artemyev | 560.754 | 3 | Active | Russia |
| 16 | Donald Pettit | 555.81 | 4 | Active | United States |
| 17 | Viktor Afanasyev | 555.772 | 4 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 18 | Yury Usachov | 552.934 | 4 | Retired | Russia |
| 19 | Sergey Volkov | 547.931 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 20 | Pavel Vinogradov | 546.939 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 21 | Aleksandr Skvortsov | 545.964 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 22 | Oleg Novitsky | 545.069 | 4 | Active | Russia |
| 23 | Musa Manarov | 541.021 | 2 | Retired | Soviet Union / Azerbaijan |
| 24 | Oleg Skripochka | 536.159 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 25 | Jeffrey Williams | 534.116 | 4 | Retired | United States |
| 26 | Mikhail Tyurin | 532.118 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 27 | Oleg Kotov | 526.211 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 28 | Mark T. Vande Hei | 523.374 | 2 | Active | United States |
| 29 | Scott Kelly | 520.440 | 4 | Retired | United States |
| 30 | Mikhail Kornienko | 516.417 | 2 | Retired | Russia |
| 31 | Koichi Wakata | 504.773 | 5 | Active | Japan |
| 32 | Aleksandr Viktorenko | 489.066 | 4 | Deceased | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 33 | Anatoli Ivanishin | 476.195 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 34 | Barry E. Wilmore | 462.218 | 3 | Active | United States |
| 35 | Michael Barratt | 446.640 | 3 | Active | United States |
| 36 | Nikolai Budarin | 444.060 | 3 | Retired | Russia |
| 37 | Yuri Romanenko | 430.765 | 3 | Retired | Soviet Union |
| 38 | Thomas Pesquet | 396.482 | 2 | Active | France |
| 39 | Aleksandr Volkov | 391.495 | 3 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 40 | Yury Onufriyenko | 389.615 | 2 | Retired | Russia |
| 41 | Shane Kimbrough | 388.728 | 3 | Retired | United States |
| 42 | Vladimir Titov | 387.036 | 4 | Retired | Soviet Union / Russia |
| 43 | Ivan Vagner | 381.909 | 2 | Active | Russia |
| 44 | Vasily Tsibliyev | 381.662 | 2 | Retired | Russia |
| 45 | Valery Korzun | 381.653 | 2 | Retired | Russia |
| 46 | Michael Fincke | 381.633 | 3 | Active | United States |
| 47 | Christopher Cassidy | 377.742 | 3 | Retired | United States |
| 48 | Leonid Kizim | 374.749 | 3 | Deceased | Soviet Union |
| 49 | Ye Guangfu | 374.582 | 2 | Active | China |
| 50 | Nikolai Chub | 373.843 | 1 | Active | Russia |

### Ten longest human spaceflights

| # | Time in space | Crew | Country | Launch date (Launch craft) | Landing date (Landing craft) | Space station or mission type |
| 1 | 437.7 days | Valeri Polyakov | Russia | 1994-01-08 (Soyuz TM-18) | 1995-03-22 (Soyuz TM-20) | Mir |
| 2 | 379.6 days | Sergey Avdeev | Russia | 1998-08-13 (Soyuz TM-28) | 1999-08-28 (Soyuz TM-29) | Mir |
| 3 | 373.8 days | Oleg Kononenko | Russia | 2023-09-15 (Soyuz MS-24) | 2024-09-23 (Soyuz MS-25) | International Space Station |
| 3 | 373.8 days | Nikolai Chub | Russia | 2023-09-15 (Soyuz MS-24) | 2024-09-23 (Soyuz MS-25) | International Space Station |
| 4 | 370.9 days | Sergey Prokopyev | Russia | 2022-09-21 (Soyuz MS-22) | 2023-09-27 (Soyuz MS-23) | International Space Station |
| 4 | 370.9 days | Dmitry Petelin | Russia | 2022-09-21 (Soyuz MS-22) | 2023-09-27 (Soyuz MS-23) | International Space Station |
| 4 | 370.9 days | Francisco Rubio | United States | 2022-09-21 (Soyuz MS-22) | 2023-09-27 (Soyuz MS-23) | International Space Station |
| 5 | 365.9 days | Vladimir Titov | Soviet Union | 1987-12-21 (Soyuz TM-4) | 1988-12-21 (Soyuz TM-6) | Mir |
| 5 | 365.9 days | Musa Manarov | Soviet Union | 1987-12-21 (Soyuz TM-4) | 1988-12-21 (Soyuz TM-6) | Mir |
| 6 | 355.2 days | Pyotr Dubrov | Russia | 2021-04-09 (Soyuz MS-18) | 2022-03-30 (Soyuz MS-19) | International Space Station |
| 6 | 355.2 days | Mark T. Vande Hei | United States | 2021-04-09 (Soyuz MS-18) | 2022-03-30 (Soyuz MS-19) | International Space Station |
| 7 | 340.4 days | Mikhail Kornienko | Russia | 2015-03-27 (Soyuz TMA-16M) | 2016-03-01 (Soyuz TMA-18M) | International Space Station, ISS year-long mission |
| 7 | 340.4 days | Scott Kelly | United States | 2015-03-27 (Soyuz TMA-16M) | 2016-03-01 (Soyuz TMA-18M) | International Space Station, ISS year-long mission |
| 8 | 328.6 days | Christina Koch | United States | 2019-03-15 (Soyuz MS-12) | 2020-02-06 (Soyuz MS-13) | International Space Station |
| 9 | 326.5 days | Yuri Romanenko | Soviet Union | 1987-02-05 (Soyuz TM-2) | 1987-12-29 (Soyuz TM-3) | Mir |
| 10 | 311.8 days | Sergei Krikalev | Soviet Union/ Russia | 1991-05-18 (Soyuz TM-12) | 1992-03-25 (Soyuz TM-13) | Mir |

### Longest single flight by a woman

NASA astronaut Christina Koch holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman (328 days), returning on February 6, 2020. During Expedition 61, she surpassed NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson's 289 days from 2016-2017.

### Longest continuous occupation of space

An international partnership consisting of Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan, and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched. Two days later, it docked with the International Space Station. Since then space has been continuously occupied for 24 years, 136 days.

### Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft

The International Space Station has been continuously occupied by a Russian and US crew member since 2 November 2000 (24 years, 134 days). It broke the record of 9 years and 358 days of the Soviet/Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010.

### Longest solo flight

Valery Bykovsky flew solo for 4 days, 23 hours in Vostok 5 from 14 to 19 June 1963. The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the (non-solo) Gemini 5 flight. The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight, and during the Apollo 16 mission, Ken Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours.

### Longest time on the lunar surface

Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes and 40 seconds (over 3 days) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972. They performed three EVAs (extra-vehicular activity) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes, 57 seconds. As Apollo commanders were the first to leave the LM and the last to get back in, Cernan's EVA time was slightly longer.

### Longest time in lunar orbit

Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours (148 hours) along with five mice. For the solo portion of a flight around the Moon, Ken Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans' solo duration.

## Speed and altitude records
### Farthest humans from Earth

The Apollo 13 crew (Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert), while passing over the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 mi) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth. This record-breaking distance was reached at 00:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.

### Highest altitude for crewed non-lunar mission

Polaris Dawn crew Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon fired their Crew Dragon Resilience's Draco thrusters on 11 September 2024 at 00:27 UTC, at 15 hours and 4 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of 874.95 miles (1,408.10 km).

### Fastest

The Apollo 10 crew (Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan) achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans: 39,897 kilometers per hour (11,082 meters per second or 24,791 miles per hour, about 32 times the speed of sound and 0.0037% of the speed of light). The record was set 26 May 1969.
The record for uncrewed spacecraft is held by the Parker Solar Probe at 191.7 km/s, about 1/1600 (or 0.064%) the speed of light, relative to the Sun. This speed was first reached in December 2024.

## Age records
### Earliest-born to reach space
#### Suborbital flight

* Man – Joe Walker (born 20 February 1921), on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963 (about 12 minutes.)
* Woman – Wally Funk (born 1 February 1939), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes.)

#### Orbital spaceflight

* Man – Georgy Beregovoy (born 15 April 1921), on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968 (81 orbits in about 4 days.)
* Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (born 6 March 1937), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963 (48 orbits, about 3 days.)

### Youngest
#### Suborbital flight

* Man – Oliver Daemen (aged 18 years and 11 months), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes.)
* Woman – Anastatia Mayers (aged 18 years, 10 months, and 14 days), on Galactic 02, on 10 August 2023 (about 5 minutes.)

#### Orbital spaceflight

* Man – Gherman Titov (aged 25 years, 10 months, and 26 days), on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961 (17.5 orbits, about 1 day.)
* Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (aged 26 years, 3 months, and 10 days), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963 (48 orbits, about 3 days.)

### Oldest
#### Suborbital flight

* Man: Ed Dwight (aged 90 years, 8 months, and 10 days), on Blue Origin NS-25, on 19 May 2024 (about 10 minutes).
* Woman: Wally Funk (aged 82 years, 5 months, and 19 days), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes).

#### Orbital spaceflight

* Man: John Glenn (aged 77 years, 3 months, and 11 days), on STS-95 on 29 October 1998 (about 9 days, 20 hours).
* Woman: Peggy Whitson (aged 63 years, 3 months, and 12 days), on Axiom Mission 2 on 21 May 2023 (9 days, 5 hours and 27 minutes).

### Spacewalk
#### Youngest

* Man – Alexei Leonov (aged 30 years, 9 months, and 18 days), during Voskhod 2.
* Woman – Sarah Gillis, (aged 30 years, 8 months, and 11 days), during Polaris Dawn.

#### Oldest

* Man – Michael Barratt (aged 65 years, 2 months, and 8 days), during ISS Expedition 71.
* Woman – Sunita Williams (aged 59 years, 4 months, and 11 days), during ISS Expedition 72.

## Spacewalk records
### Most spacewalks (number and duration)

Both of these are the record for the largest total number of spacewalks by a male and a female, and the most cumulative time spent on spacewalks by a male and a female.
* Man – Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for a total time of 82 hours, 21 minutes.
* Woman (number) – Peggy Whitson, 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes.
* Woman (cumulative time) – Sunita Williams, 9 spacewalks for a total time of 62 hours, and 6 minutes.

### Most spacewalks during a single mission

* 7: Anatoly Solovyev, during Expedition 24 on the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, in 1997–98. (Two were internal "spacewalks" inside a depressurized module.)
* 7: Andrew Morgan, during his first spaceflight on board the ISS for Expedition 60/61/62 in 2019–2020, he spent 45 hours and 48 minutes outside the station.

### Longest spacewalks

* Man – Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong, 9 hours 6 minutes, during the Shenzhou 19 mission on 17 December 2024, as they installed space debris protection devices on the exterior of the Tiangong Space Station.
* Woman – Susan Helms, 8 hours 56 minutes, along with James Voss on an ISS assembly mission during Shuttle mission STS-102 on 11 March 2001. The spacewalkers were delayed early in their excursion when a device to help hold an astronaut's feet to the shuttle's robot arm became untethered, and Voss had to retrieve a spare from storage on the exterior of the station's Unity module. After about six hours of work, the pair reentered Space Shuttle Discovery's airlock.

### Greatest distance from a spacecraft during a spacewalk

* All-time (and while on a planetary body): 7.6 kilometers$^{:1144}$ (4.7 miles, 25,029 feet), Apollo 17, Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt, EVA-2, December 12, 1972. During their second of three moonwalks, Cernan and Schmitt rode the Lunar Roving Vehicle to geological station 2, Nansen Crater, at the foot of the South Massif. As all spacewalks not occurring on a planetary body (the Moon) have involved short maximum distances from the spacecraft (see below), this remains the furthest distance that humans have traveled away from the safety of a pressurizable spacecraft, during an EVA of any type.
* Orbital flight: about 100 meters (or 330 feet), Bruce McCandless, STS-41-B, February 7, 1984. With the exception of six Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) sorties in 1984 and a test of the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) in 1994, all other orbital spacewalks have involved a safety tether, anchoring the spacefarer to the spacecraft at a short distance. Among the former untethered spacewalks, Bruce McCandless' first test of the MMU established an orbital EVA distance record from a spacecraft which remained unbroken by later untethered EVAs.

## Animal records
### First animals in space

The first animals to enter space were fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 68 miles (109 km). They were also the first animals to safely return from space. Albert II, a rhesus monkey, became the first mammal in space aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949, and died on reentry due to a parachute failure. The first dogs in space were launched 22 July 1951 aboard a Soviet R-1V. "Tsygin" and "Dezik" reached a height of 100 km (62 mi) and safely parachuted back to Earth. This flight preceded the first American canine space mission by two weeks.$^{:21}$

### First animal in orbit

Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 November 1957 on Sputnik 2. The technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, so there was no expectation for survival. She died several hours into flight. Belka and Strelka became the first canines to safely return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960.

### First Hominidae in space

On 31 January 1961, through NASA's Mercury-Redstone 2 mission the chimpanzee Ham became the first great ape in space.

### Longest canine single flight

Soviet space dogs Veterok (Ветерок, "Light Wind") and Ugolyok (Уголёк, "Ember") were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March.

### First animals beyond low Earth orbit

An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises, as well as wine flies and mealworms flew around the Moon with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Soviet Zond 5 spacecraft on 18 September 1968. It had been launched by a Proton-K rocket on 14 September.
Zond 5 came within 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of the Moon and then successfully returned to Earth, the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the Moon.

## Notable uncrewed or non-human spaceflights

| In reference to: | Spacecraft | Event | Origin | Date |
| Earth | MW 18014 (A-4(V-2)) | First rocket to reach space (suborbital flight). | Germany | 20 June 1944 |
| Earth | V-2 No. 20 | First living organisms (fruit flies) in space (suborbital flight). Successfully recovered. | USA | 20 February 1947 |
| Earth | V-2 No. 47 | First mammal in space, Albert II, a rhesus monkey (suborbital flight). Died in capsule parachute failure. | USA | 14 June 1949 |
| Earth | R-1V | First dogs in space (suborbital flight). Successfully recovered. | USSR | 22 July 1951 |
| Earth | Sputnik 1 | First satellite in orbit. | USSR | 4 October 1957 |
| Earth | Sputnik 2 | First animal in orbit, Laika, a dog. | USSR | 3 November 1957 |
| Earth | Vanguard 1 | Oldest satellite still in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage. Expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964. | USA | 17 March 1958 |
| Earth | Pioneer 1 | Failed to reach the Moon as intended, but reached a record–setting distance of 113,800 kilometres (70,700 mi) from Earth. | USA | 11 October 1958 |
| Earth | Luna 1 | First spacecraft to achieve Earth's escape velocity. | USSR | 4 January 1959 |
| Moon | Luna 1 | First flyby. Distance of 5,995 kilometres (3,725 mi). | USSR | 4 January 1959 |
| Sun | Luna 1 | First spacecraft in heliocentric orbit. | USSR | 4 January 1959 |
| Moon | Luna 2 | First impact on another celestial body. | USSR | 14 September 1959 |
| Moon | Luna 3 | First image of lunar far-side. | USSR | 7 October 1959 |
| Earth | Discoverer 13 | First satellite recovered from orbit. | USA | 11 August 1960 |
| Earth | Korabl-Sputnik 2 | First living beings recovered from orbit. | USSR | 19 August 1960 |
| Earth | Mercury-Redstone 2 | First great ape or Hominidae in space, Ham, a chimpanzee (suborbital flight). | USA | 31 January 1961 |
| Venus | Venera 1 | First flyby. Distance of 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi) (lost communication contact before). | USSR | 19 May 1961 |
| Moon | Ranger 4 | First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. | USA | 26 April 1962 |
| Earth | Alouette 1 | First satellite designed and constructed by a country other than the USA or USSR (the British satellite Ariel 1, launched five months earlier, was designed and constructed by the USA). | Canada | 29 September 1962 |
| Venus | Mariner 2 | First planetary flyby with communication contact. Distance of 34,762 kilometres (21,600 mi). | USA | 14 December 1962 |
| Earth | Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 | Oldest spacecraft still in use (59 years as of 2024). | USA | 6 May 1965 |
| Mars | Mariner 4 | First flyby and first planetary imaging. Distance of 9,846 kilometres (6,118 mi). | USA | 14 July 1965 |
| Earth | Astérix | First satellite launched independently by a nation other than the USA or USSR (other nations had previously flown satellites launched on American rockets). | France | 26 November 1965 |
| Moon | Luna 9 | First soft landing and first pictures from the lunar surface. | USSR | 3 February 1966 |
| Earth | Kosmos 110 | First seeds to germinate in space. | USSR | 22 February 1966 |
| Venus | Venera 3 | First impact. | USSR | 1 March 1966 |
| Moon | Luna 10 | First orbiter. | USSR | 3 April 1966 |
| Docking | Cosmos 186, Cosmos 188 | First automated docking of uncrewed spacecraft. | USSR | 30 October 1967 |
| Moon | Surveyor 6 | First planned, controlled, powered flight from the surface of another body. | USA | 17 November 1967 |
| Moon | Zond 5 | First to circle the Moon and return to land on Earth.First animals to circle the Moon (Russian tortoises) . | USSR | 15 September 1968 |
| Moon | Luna 16 | First automated sample return. | USSR | 24 September 1970 |
| Moon | Luna 17 | First robotic roving vehicle, Lunokhod 1. | USSR | 17 November 1970 |
| Venus | Venera 7 | First soft landing on another planet. | USSR | 15 December 1970 |
| Earth | Salyut 1 | First space station. | USSR | 19 April 1971 |
| Mars | Mariner 9 | First orbiter. | USA | 14 November 1971 |
| Mars | Mars 2 | First impact. | USSR | 27 November 1971 |
| Mars | Mars 3 | First soft landing. Maintained telemetry signal for 20 seconds before transmissions ceased. | USSR | 2 December 1971 |
| Sun | Pioneer 10 | First spacecraft to achieve the Sun's escape velocity. | USA | 3 March 1972 |
| Jupiter | Pioneer 10 | First flyby. Distance of 132,000 kilometres (82,000 mi). | USA | 4 December 1973 |
| Mercury | Mariner 10 | First flyby. Distance of 703 kilometres (437 mi). | USA | 29 March 1974 |
| Venus | Venera 9 | First orbiter.First surface-level imaging of another planet. | USSR | 22 October 1975 |
| Mars | Viking 1 | First surface-level imaging of Mars. | USA | 20 July 1976 |
| Saturn | Pioneer 11 | First flyby. Distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). | USA | 1 September 1979 |
| Venus | Venera 13 | First sound recording made on another planet. | USSR | 1 March 1982 |
| Orbital Space Station | Soyuz T-5, Salyut 7 | First species of plant to flower in space. Arabidopsis thaliana Valentin Lebedev. | USSR | 1 July 1982 |
| Trans-Neptunian region | Pioneer 10 | First to travel past the orbit of Neptune, the furthest major planet from the Sun. | USA | 13 June 1983 |
| Venus | Vega 1 | First helium balloon atmospheric probe. First flight (as opposed to atmospheric entry) in another planet's atmosphere. | USSR | 11 June 1985 |
| Comet Giacobini-Zinner | International Cometary Explorer (ICE) | First flyby through a comet tail (no pictures). Distance of 7,800 kilometres (4,800 mi). | USA | 11 September 1985 |
| Uranus | Voyager 2 | First flyby. Distance of 81,500 kilometres (50,600 mi). | USA | 24 January 1986 |
| Comet Halley | Vega 1 | First comet flyby (with pictures returned). Distance of 8,890 kilometres (5,520 mi). | USSR | 6 March 1986 |
| Earth | Mir Core Module, Kvant-1 | First modular space station. | USSR | 9 April 1987 |
| Orbital Spaceplane | Buran | First fully automated orbital flight of a spaceplane (with airstrip landing). | USSR | 15 November 1988 |
| Phobos | Phobos 2 | First flyby. Distance of 860 kilometres (530 mi). | USSR | 21 February 1989 |
| Neptune | Voyager 2 | First flyby. Distance of 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi). | USA | 25 August 1989 |
| Moon | Hiten | First lunar probe launched by a country other than the USA or USSR. | Japan | 18 March 1990 |
| 951 Gaspra | Galileo | First asteroid flyby. Distance of 1,600 kilometres (990 mi). | USA | 29 October 1991 |
| Jupiter | Galileo probe | First impact. | USA | 7 December 1995 |
| Jupiter | Galileo | First orbiter. | USA | 8 December 1995 |
| Mars | Mars Pathfinder | First automated roving vehicle, Sojourner. | USA | 4 July 1997 |
| 433 Eros | NEAR Shoemaker | First asteroid orbiter. | USA | 14 February 2000 |
| 433 Eros | NEAR Shoemaker | First asteroid soft landing. | USA | 12 February 2001 |
| Saturn | Cassini orbiter | First orbiter. | ESA USA Italy | 1 July 2004 |
| Solar wind | Genesis | First sample return from farther than the Moon. | USA | 8 September 2004 |
| Titan | Huygens probe | First soft landing. | ESA USA | 14 January 2005 |
| Comet Tempel 1 | Deep Impact | First comet impact. | USA | 4 July 2005 |
| 25143 Itokawa | Hayabusa | First asteroid ascent.First interplanetary escape without undercarriage cutoff. | Japan | 19 November 2005 |
| 81P/Wild | Stardust | First sample return from comet. | USA | 15 January 2006 |
| Earth | Voyager 1 | Farthest distance from Earth (14,841,000,000 miles (2.3884×10$^{10}$ km; 159.66 AU)).Farthest distance from the Sun (14,912,000,000 miles (2.3999×10$^{10}$ km; 160.42 AU)). | USA | As of July 2023 |
| Longest time in operation | Voyager 2 | Longest continually operating space probe (since August 1977). | USA | As of 2015 |
| Moon | Moon Impact Probe | First impact on Lunar south pole and discovery of water on Moon. | India | 14 November 2008 |
| Earth to Venus trajectory | IKAROS | First interplanetary solar sail. | Japan | Set sail on 10 June 2010 |
| 25143 Itokawa | Hayabusa | First sample return from an asteroid. | Japan | 13 June 2010 |
| Mercury | MESSENGER | First orbiter. | USA | 17 March 2011 |
| Earth–Sun L2 Lagrange point | Chang'e 2 | First spacecraft to reach the L2 Lagrangian point directly from lunar orbit. | China | 25 August 2011 |
| International Space Station | SpaceX Dragon 1 | First commercial spacecraft to berth with the International Space Station. | USA | 25 May 2012 |
| Interstellar medium | Voyager 1 | First spacecraft to cross the heliopause, thereby exiting the heliosphere and entering interstellar space. | USA | 25 August 2012 |
| 4179 Toutatis | Chang'e 2 | First spacecraft to reach an asteroid directly from a Sun-Earth Langrangian point.First spacecraft to explore both the Moon and an asteroid. | China | 13 December 2012 |
| 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Rosetta | First comet orbiter. | ESA | 6 August 2014 |
| Mars | MOM | First Asian nation to achieve Mars orbit and first in the world to do so in first attempt. | India | 24 September 2014 |
| 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Philae | First comet soft landing. | ESA | 12 November 2014 |
| Ceres | Dawn | First dwarf planet orbiter. | USA | 6 March 2015 |
| Mars | Opportunity | Longest distance traveled on surface of another world (26.219 miles (42.195 km), marathon-length). | USA | 23 March 2015 |
| Mercury | MESSENGER | First impact. | USA | 30 April 2015 |
| Pluto | New Horizons | First flyby of Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx.First up-close images of the Pluto system and of Pluto and Charon's surfaces.First to explore the Kuiper belt. | USA | 14 July 2015 |
| All 9 planets in the pre-IAU redefinition version of the Solar System | All United States spacecraft including New Horizons | With the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, the United States is the first nation to have its space probes explore all nine planets in the pre-2006 IAU redefinition version of the Solar System. | USA | 14 July 2015 |
| Earth | Falcon 9 (B1021) | First re-flight of an orbital class rocket stage after a vertical propulsive landing. | USA | 30 March 2017 |
| Earth | Falcon 9H-IIA-202 | Shortest period between orbital launches (launched 72 seconds apart). | USA Japan | 23 December 2017 |
| 1.66 au heliocentric orbit | Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster on Falcon Heavy Test Flight | First successful Deep Space mission launched successfully on a rocket's maiden flight | USA | 6 February 2018 |
| Moon | Chang'e 4 | First soft landing at the far side of the Moon. | China | 3 January 2019 |
| Moon | Yutu-2 | First lunar rover traversing the far side of the Moon. | China | 3 January 2019 |
| Moon | Beresheet | First commercial/privately funded spacecraft to enter lunar orbit. | Israel | 4 April 2019 |
| 101955 Bennu | OSIRIS-REx | Smallest body to be orbited by spacecraft (492 m (1,600 ft) diameter) and closest ever orbit (680 m (2,230 ft) altitude). | USA | 12 June 2019 |
| Moon | Yutu-2 | Longest operational lunar rover after breaking the longevity record of 321 Earth days held by Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 rover. | China | 20 November 2019 |
| Moon | Chang'e 5 | First robotic rendezvous and docking by two spacecraft (lunar orbiter attached with reentry-capsule and lunar ascent vehicle) in lunar orbit or any orbit other than Earth's. | China | 5 December 2020 |
| Moon | Chang'e 5 | First robotic transfer of payload (lunar samples from lunar ascent vehicle to reentry capsule) between two docked spacecraft in lunar orbit or any orbit other than Earth's. | China | 5 December 2020 |
| Mars | Ingenuity | First controlled, powered flight by a rotary wing aircraft on another planet. | USA | 19 April 2021 |
| Earth | Zhuque-2 | First methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit | China | 12 July 2023 |
| Moon | Chandrayaan-3 | First soft landing at Lunar south polar region. | India | 23 August 2023 |
| Moon | IM-1 Odysseus | First successful commercial and first cryogenic propelled lunar landing. First soft landing within the lunar south pole region at 80°08′S 1°26′E﻿ / ﻿80.13°S 1.44°E﻿ / -80.13; 1.44 | USA | 22 February 2024 |
| Moon | Chang'e 6 | First sample collection and return from the far side of the Moon. | China | 3 June, 25 June 2024 |
| Earth | Falcon 9 | Most consecutive launch successes of a single type of rocket: 365. | USA | 14 January 2017 – 8 July 2024 |
| Earth | Falcon 9 | Most consecutive landing successes of a single type of rocket stage: 267. | USA | 4 March 2021 – 20 August 2024 |
| Earth | Falcon 9 (B1067) | Most vertical landings of a single orbital rocket stage: 25. | USA | 3 June 2021 – 10 January 2025 |
| Earth | Falcon 9 (B1080) | Shortest time between two flights of the same orbital rocket stage: 13 days, 12 hours, 34 minutes | USA | 25 November 2024 |
| Sun | Parker Solar Probe | Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the Sun: 191.7 km/s (690,000 km/h; 430,000 mph). Closest approach to the Sun: distance of 0.041 AU (6,000,000 kilometres; 3,800,000 mi). This makes the probe the fastest object in the Solar System apart from comets (overtaking asteroid 2005 HC4). | USA | 24 December 2024 |