# List of the prehistoric life of North Dakota

This list of the prehistoric life of North Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of North Dakota.

## Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in North Dakota.

## Paleozoic

* †Acrotreta
** †Acrotreta attica – or unidentified comparable form
* †Amphipora
* †Apatokephalus
* †Apheoorthis
** †Apheoorthis ocha
* †Arthroclema
** †Arthroclema brevis
** †Arthroclema pentagonalis
* †Arthrotrypa
** †Arthrotrypa ovata
* †Aulacoparia
* †Benthamaspis
* †Bucanella
** †Bucanella nana – or unidentified related form
* †Ceratopea
** †Ceratopea sinclairensis
* †Drepanodus
* †Euconia
** †Euconia conicus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Finkelnburgia
* †Hystricurus
** †Hystricurus crassilimbatus
* †Kainella
* †Lecanospira
* †Licnocephala
* Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Cambrian-Late Ordovician brachiopod Lingulella †Lingulella
** †Lingulella ibicus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Lloydia
** †Lloydia formosa
* †Macluritella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Macluritella ornata – type locality for species
* †Nanorthis
** †Nanorthis putilla
* †Nematoporella
** †Nematoporella falcata
** †Nematoporella ulrichi
* †Psalikilus
* †Raphistomina
* †Reubenella
* †Sceptropora
** †Sceptropora facula
** †Sceptropora florida
* †Schizambon
** †Schizambon discoidea
* †Strigigenalis
* †Syntrophina
** †Syntrophina nana
* †Thamnopora
* †Tropidodiscus
* †Ulrichostylus
** †Ulrichostylus costatus
** †Ulrichostylus dakotensis

## Mesozoic

* Acipenser
* †Adocus
* Restorative model of the Late Cretaceous mammal Alphadon †Alphadon
** †Alphadon marshi
* †Altacreodus
** †Altacreodus magnus
* †Amersinia
** †Amersinia FU082 – informal
** †Amersinia FU82 – informal
* †Amesoneuron
** †Amesoneuron FU037 – informal
** †Amesoneuron FU37 – informal
* †Ampelopsis
** †Ampelopsis acerifolia
* †Anomia
** †Anomia gryphorhyncha
* †Anzu
** †Anzu wyliei
* †Araliaephyllum
** †Araliaephyllum polevoi
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous sea turtle Archelon †Archelon
* †Artocarpus
** †Artocarpus lessigiana
* †Asimina
** †Asimina knowltonia
* Aspideretes
* Atractosteus
* †Avisaurus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Avisaurus archibaldi
* †Axestemys
** †Axestemys splendida
* Azolla
** †Azolla gigantea – type locality for species
* †Basilemys
** †Basilemys sinuosa
* †Belonostomus
** †Belonostomus longirostris
* †Bisonia
** †Bisonia niemii
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous crocodilian Borealosuchus †Borealosuchus
** †Borealosuchus sternbergii
* †Boremys
* †Brachychampsa
** †Brachychampsa montana
* Campeloma
** †Campeloma acroterion
* Carcharias
* †Carpites
** †Carpites ulmiformis
** †Carpites verrucosus
* †Cedrobaena
** †Cedrobaena brinkman
** †Cedrobaena putorius
* †Celastrus
** †Celastrus taurenensis
* †Ceratophyllum
** †Ceratophyllum FU080 – informal
* †Cercidiphyllales
** †Cercidiphyllales HC355 – informal
* Cercidiphyllum
** †Cercidiphyllum ellipticum
** †Cercidiphyllum genetrix
** †Cercidiphyllum HC124 – informal
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene choristoderan reptile Champsosaurus †Champsosaurus
** †Champsosaurus laramiensis
* †Cimolodon
** †Cimolodon nitidus
* Cinnamomum
** †Cinnamomum lineafolia
* †Cissites
** †Cissites acerifolia
** †Cissites insignis
** †Cissites lobata
** †Cissites puilosokensis
* †Clisocolus
** †Clisocolus moreauensis
* †Cocculus
** †Cocculus flabella
* †Compsemys – type locality for genus
** †Compsemys victa – type locality for species
* †Corbulamella
** †Corbulamella inornata
* †Coriops
** †Coriops amnicolus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cornophyllum
** †Cornophyllum newberryi
* Cornus – or unidentified related form
* †Crassatellina
** †Crassatellina hollandi
* Fossilized shell of the Cretaceous-modern oyster Crassostrea Crassostrea
* †Crenella
** †Crenella elegantula
* Cucullaea
** †Cucullaea nebrascensis
* †Cupressinocladus
** †Cupressinocladus interruptus
* †Cuspidaria
** †Cuspidaria ventricosa
* †Cyclurus
** †Cyclurus fragosus
* †Cymbophora
** †Cymbophora warrenana
* †Cypercites – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Dalbergites – or unidentified related form
** †Dalbergites simplex
* †Dammarites
** †Dammarites HC257 – informal
* Dicotylophyllum
** †Dicotylophyllum anomalum
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous marsupial relative Didelphodon †Didelphodon
** †Didelphodon vorax
* †Dosiniopsis
** †Dosiniopsis deweyi
* †Dryophyllum
** †Dryophyllum subfalcatum
** †Dryophyllum tenneseensis
** †Dryophyllum tennesseensis
** †Dryophyllum tennessensis
* †Edmontosaurus
** Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens †Edmontosaurus annectens
* †Elasmodus
* †Elatides
** †Elatides longifolia
* †Emarginachelys
** †Emarginachelys cretacea
* †Enchodus
* †Equisetum
** †Equisetum FU036 – informal
** †Equisetum FU36 – informal
* †Erlingdorfia
** †Erlingdorfia montana
* †Essonodon
** †Essonodon browni
* †Ethmocardium
** †Ethmocardium whitei
* Ficus
** †Ficus planicostata
* †Fokieniopsis
** †Fokieniopsis catenulata
* †Gamerabaena – type locality for genus
** †Gamerabaena sonsalla – type locality for species
* †Gilmoremys
** †Gilmoremys lancensis
* Fossilized leaf of the Permian-modern tree Ginkgo Ginkgo
** †Ginkgo adiantoides
* †Glasbius
** †Glasbius twitchelli
* Glyptostrobus
** †Glyptostrobus europaeus
** †Glyptostrobus HC9 – informal
* †Goniomya
** †Goniomya americana
* †Grammatodon
** †Grammatodon sulcatinus
* †Grewiopsis
** †Grewiopsis saportana
* †Gypsonictops
** †Gypsonictops illuminatus
* †Gyrostrea
** †Gyrostrea subtrigonalis
* †Habrosaurus
** †Habrosaurus dilatus
* †Harmsia
** †Harmsia hydrocotyloidea
* †Helopanoplia
** †Helopanoplia distincta
* †Hoplochelys
** †Hoplochelys clark – type locality for species
* Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Hoploscaphites †Hoploscaphites
** †Hoploscaphites nicolletii
* †Hummelichelys
** †Hummelichelys foveatus
* †Humulus
** †Humulus HC243 – informal
* †Hydropteris
** †Hydropteris pinnata
* †Hypoxytoma
** †Hypoxytoma nebrascana
* †Inoceramus – tentative report
* †Ischyodus
** †Ischyodus rayhaasi – type locality for species
* †Ischyrhiza
** †Ischyrhiza avonicola
* †Judithemys
** †Judithemys backmani
* Juglans – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Juglans arctica
* A modern Lamna mackerel shark Lamna
** †Lamna mediavia
* †Laurophyllum
** †Laurophyllum lanceolatum
** †Laurophyllum wardiana
* †Leepierceia
** †Leepierceia preartocarpoides
* †Lemnaceae
** †Lemnaceae scutatum
* Lepisosteus
** †Lepisosteus occidentalis
* Limopsis
** †Limopsis striatopunctatus
* †Lioplacodes
* †Liriodendrites
** †Liriodendrites bradacii
* Foliage and flower of a living Liriodendron tulipifera, or American Tulip-tree †Liriodendron – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Liriodendron laramiense
* †Lisserpeton
** †Lisserpeton bairdi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Lonchidion
** †Lonchidion selachos
* †Macclintockia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Macclintockia electilis
* Malletia
** †Malletia evansi
* Marchantia
** †Marchantia pealii
* †Marmarthia
** †Marmarthia johnsonii
** †Marmarthia pearsonii
** †Marmarthia trivalis
** †Marmarthia trivialis
* †Melvius
** †Melvius thomasi
* Fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Meniscoessus †Meniscoessus
** †Meniscoessus robustus
* †Mesocyparis
** †Mesocyparis borealis
* †Mesodma
** †Mesodma thompsoni
* Metasequoia
** †Metasequoia HC035 – informal
** †Metasequoia HC35 – informal
** †Metasequoia occidentalis
* †Modiolus
** †Modiolus galpinianus
* †Myledaphus
** †Myledaphus bipartitus
* Myliobatis
* Myrica
** †Myrica torreyi
* A living Nelumbo lotus †Nelumbo
** †Nelumbo FU062 – informal
** †Nelumbo FU085 – informal
** †Nelumbo FU62 – informal
** †Nelumbo HC202 – informal
* †Neurankylus
* †Nilsonia
** †Nilsonia yukonensis
* †Nilssoniocladus
** †Nilssoniocladus comtula
** †Nilssoniocladus yukonensis
* †Nordenskioldia
** †Nordenskioldia borealis
* Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula Nucula
** †Nucula obsoletastriata
** †Nucula planomarginata
* Nuculana
** †Nuculana scitula
** †Nuculana tarensis
* †Nyssidium
** †Nyssidium arcticum
* Odontaspis
** †Odontaspis macrota
* †Ophiomorpha
* †Opisthotriton
** †Opisthotriton kayi
* †Osmunda
** †Osmunda hollicki
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous dome-headed dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus †Pachycephalosaurus
** †Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
* †Palaeosaniwa
** †Palaeosaniwa canadensis
* †Palatobaena
** †Palatobaena cohen – type locality for species
* †Paleoaster
** †Paleoaster inquirenda
* †Paloreodoxites
** †Paloreodoxites plicatus
* Panopea
** †Panopea occidentalis
* †Paranymphaea
** †Paranymphaea crassifolia
** †Paranymphaea hastata
* Electron micrograph of the fossilized teeth in multiple views of the Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Paronychodon †Paronychodon
** †Paronychodon lacustris
* Periploma
** †Periploma subgracile
* †Phelopteria
** †Phelopteria linguaeformis
* †Philodendron
** †Philodendron HC201 – informal
* Physa
* †Piceoerpeton
* †Pistia
** †Pistia corrugata
* †Platanites
** †Platanites marginata
* Platanus
** †Platanus raynoldsii
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Platecarpus †Platecarpus
* †Plesiobaena
** †Plesiobaena antiqua
** †Plesiobaena antiquus
* †Plioplatecarpus
* Populus
** †Populus nebrascensis
* †Protocardia
** †Protocardia subquadrata
* †Protochelydra
* †Protolambda
** †Protolambda florencae
* †Pseudoptera
** †Pseudoptera subtortuosa
* †Pterospermites
** †Pterospermites cordata
* †Quereuxia
** †Quereuxia angulata
* †Rhamnus
** †Rhamnus cleburni
** †Rhamnus salicifolius
* †Richardoestesia
** †Richardoestesia isosceles
* †Salvinia
** †Salvinia HC312 – informal
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous dromaeosaurid Saurornitholestes preying upon a multituberculate mammal †Saurornitholestes
* †Scapanorhynchus – tentative report
* †Scapherpeton
** †Scapherpeton tectum
* †Scaphites
** †Scaphites corvensis
** †Scaphites mariasensis
* †Sequoia
** †Sequoia HC070 – informal
** †Sequoia HC70 – informal
** †Sequoia obovata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Sourimis
** †Sourimis equilateralis
* Shells in differing orientations of Sphaerium freshwater clams Sphaerium
* †Squatirhina
** †Squatirhina americana
* †Syncyclonema
** †Syncyclonema halli
* †Tancredia
** †Tancredia americana
* Taxodium
** †Taxodium HC071 – informal
** †Taxodium olrikii
* †Tellinimera
** †Tellinimera scitula
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous herbivorous dinosaur Thescelosaurus †Thescelosaurus
** †Thescelosaurus neglectus
* †Thoracosaurus
** †Thoracosaurus neocesariensis
* †Torosaurus
** †Torosaurus latus
* †Trachodon
* †Triceratops
** †Triceratops horridus
** †Triceratops prorsus
* †Trochodendroides
** †Trochodendroides nebrascensis
* †Troodon
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaur Tyrannosaurus †Tyrannosaurus
** †Tyrannosaurus rex
* †Vetericardiella
** †Vetericardiella crenalirata
* Vitis
** †Vitis stantonii
* †Zingiberopsis
** †Zingiberopsis attenuata
** †Zingiberopsis magnifolia
* Ziziphus
** †Ziziphus fibrillosus

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of North Dakota

* Acer
* †Aesculus
* †Agnotocastor
* †Aletodon
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene Alligator relative Allognathosuchus †Allognathosuchus – type locality for genus
* Amia
* †Ampelopsis
* †Archaeocyon
* †Archaeotherium
* †Arctocyon
* Azolla
* †Batrachosauroides
* Betula
* †Bisonalveus
* †Borealosuchus
** †Borealosuchus formidabilis – type locality for species
* †Bothriodon
* Restorative portrait of the Miocene oreodont mammal Brachycrus †Brachycrus
* †Cabomba
* †Cantius
** †Cantius frugivorus
* Carya
* Celtis
* †Ceratophyllum
* Cercidiphyllum
* †Champsosaurus
* Cocculus
* †Coniophis
* Cornus
* A living Corylus, or hazel †Corylus
* †Coryphodon
* †Credneria
* Cyclocarya
* †Daphoenus
* †Davidia
* †Dennstaedtia
* †Diacodexis – tentative report
* †Diceratherium
* †dicot
* †Didymictis
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Dinictis
* †Dissacus
* †Dombeya
* †Domnina
* †Echmatemys
* †Ectocion
* †Elliptio
* †Elomeryx
* †Equisetum
* †Error
* †Eucommia
* Ficus
* †Fraxinus
* Ginkgo
** Restored foliage of the Late Cretaceous-Miocene ginkgo tree Ginkgo adiantoides †Ginkgo adiantoides
* Glyptostrobus
** †Glyptostrobus europaeus
* †Helodermoides
* Hemitelia
* †Herpetotherium
** †Herpetotherium fugax – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hesperocyon
* †Homogalax
* †Hydromystria
* †Hyopsodus
* †Hypertragulus
* †Hyracodon
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene rodent Ischyromys †Ischyromys
* †Joffrichthys
* Juglans
* †Kalmia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Lemnaceae
* Lepisosteus
* †Leptauchenia
* †Leptictis
* †Leptomeryx
* Lygodium
* Marchantia
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx jeffersonii
* †Meliosma
* †Merychyus
* †Merycochoerus
* †Merycoidodon
* †Mesodma
** †Mesodma pygmaea
* †Mesohippus
* †Metamynodon
* Metasequoia
** †Metasequoia occidentalis
* †Miacis
* †Microcosmodon
* †Microsyops
* †Mimetodon
* †Miniochoerus
* †Miohippus
* †Nanotragulus
* A living Nelumbo lotus †Nelumbo
** †Nelumbo aureavallis – type locality for species
* †Neoplagiaulax
** †Neoplagiaulax hunteri
** †Neoplagiaulax mckennai
* †Nephrops
* †Nototeredo
* †Nyssa
* †Onoclea
* †Ophiomorpha
* †Oreithyia
* †Osbornodon
* †Osmunda
* †Oxyacodon
* †Palaeolagus
* †Palaeoryctes
* †Palaeosinopa
* †Paramys
* †Parectypodus
** †Parectypodus lunatus
* Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus †Peltosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Phenacodus
* †Piceoerpeton
* Pinus
** †Pinus peregrinus – type locality for species
* Platanus
* Platycarya
* †Plesiadapis
* †Poebrotherium
* Populus
* †Prochetodon
** †Prochetodon foxi
* Life restoration of a female (left) and male of the Oligocene-Miocene even-toed ungulate Protoceras. Charles R. Knight (1896). †Protoceras – tentative report
* †Protochelydra
** †Protochelydra zangerli
* †Protungulatum
* †Psidium – tentative report
* Pterocarya
* †Ptilodus
** †Ptilodus kummae
** †Ptilodus montanus
** †Ptilodus wyomingensis
* Quercus
* Rhineura – or unidentified comparable form
* Sagittaria
* †Salvinia
* †Saniwa
** †Saniwa ensidens – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scapherpeton
* †Selaginella
* †Simoedosaurus
* †Sparganium
* †Spathorhynchus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Stillingia
* †Subhyracodon
* Taxodium
* †Teilhardina
* Thamnophis
* †Thuja
* Life restoration of the Paleocene pantodont mammal Titanoides †Titanoides
** †Titanoides primaevus – type locality for species
* †Trapa
* †Trigonias
* †Viburnum
* †Wannaganosuchus – type locality for genus
** †Wannaganosuchus brachymanus – type locality for species
* †Woodwardia