# Art Museum Riga Bourse

Art Museum Riga Bourse (Latvian: Mākslas muzejs Rīgas Birža) is a museum in Riga, Latvia. It was established in 1920 and contains the most extensive collection of world art in Latvia. Its permanent exhibits feature art ranging in time from Ancient Egyptian art dating back thousands of years to Asian art down to the 21st century.

## History
### Building

In the first half of the 19th century, Riga's trade developed. The merchants established their own permanent organization, the Stock Exchange Committee. At this time, all deals were made in the City Hall (Rathaus).
In 1847, the Great Guild of Riga decided to leave the City Hall and to give the rooms back to the city's court institutions. The members decided to build a new building that could contain the Guild itself, the Stock Exchange Committee and a city theatre.
The architect who designed the bourse was Harald Julius von Bosse, a Baltic German noble who worked in Saint-Petersburg. He wanted to settle the bourse in the Old Town and also "adapt to the irregular layout of the blocks, the narrow streets and the dense arrangement of buildings.". Later, the idea of the city theater was rejected because of the risks of fire. Von Bosse started his design in 1850 but the location he chose didn't please the Exchange Committee. Then it was decided in 1851 to construct the building on the corner of Pils iela, Šķūņu iela and Jēkaba iela. Finally, the construction began on 25 March 1852. The building was designed in the Venetian Renaissance palazzo style as a symbol of wealth and abundance.
For the façade of the Bourse, a terracotta décor was used, consisting of sculptures with allegorical content and decorative elements. The Danish sculptor David Jensen, also established in Saint-Petersburg, was in charge of this project. Then, on 26 May 1856, the Riga Stock Exchange was ceremonially opened in the presence of the Russian tsar Alexander II.
In 1937, several buildings were demolished to create the Dome square (Doms laukums).
After the World War II, Latvia became part of the Soviet Union and the building became the House of Science and Technology Propaganda. The façade was repainted in lighter colours (pale pink and brown).
On 24 January 1980, a fire broke out on the upper floor halls. The museum still bears many scars of this fire. The reconstruction began several months later but stopped in 1982 with work left to do.
On 30 September 2004, the reconstruction was scheduled with the project called "Reconstruction of the former Stock Exchange" but work only began in 2008 and finished in 2011. On 20 August 2011, the building could finally host the foreign art collections and be called the Art Museum Riga Bourse.

### Collections

The collections of the Art Museum Riga Bourse have been collected by several art collectors during the 19th and the 20th century.
The first private collection that had been given to the city of Riga was Nikolaus von Himsel's (1729–1764). He was a Baltic German doctor and traveler and bought many oriental objects in order to make a Kunstkammer or art cabinet. Then, Domenico de' Robbiani (1793–1889), an Italian merchant settled in Riga, gave his collection of paintings that gathered artworks from the Netherlands, Germany or France. These two collections were merged and the idea of a museum arose.
Because of a lack of space, some paintings were settled in the Mayor's house whose name was Ludiwig Wilhelm Kerkovius (1831–1904). At this time, several collectors gave their collections: Reinhold Schilling (1819–1888) gave 30 paintings and Kerkovius 26 paintings. The most important gift was the Friedrich Wilhelm Brederlo's collection (1779–1862). He gave 201 paintings, 70 of which were made by Dutch masters.
The collection of the museum contains more than 22,000 works of art, dating from the 4th millennium BC to the 20th century.

## Collections
### Paintings

* Louis-Léopold Boilly, Portrait of Friedrich Wilhelm Brederlo, oil on canvas.
* Anto Carte, Idole (Révélation), oil, tempera and gouache on canvas, 1932.
* Workshop of Anton van Dyck, Portrait of William II, Prince of Orange-Nassau, oil on canvas, 1632.
* Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Rooster Fight, oil on canvas, 17th century.
* Jacob van Loo, Portrait of a Scientist, oil on canvas, 1647.
* Claude Monet, Winter Landscape (Sandviken), oil on canvas, 1895.
* Niccolò Renieri, Society of Musicians, oil on canvas, 17th century.
* Hubert Robert, The Augustus Temple in Nîmes, oil on canvas, 1783.
* Daniel Seghers et Lucas van Uden, Landscape in a Garland of Flowers, oil on wood, 17th century.
* Bartholomeus Spranger, Adam and Eve, tempera on canvas, 1593–1595.
* Unknown Artist (Frankfurt school), Man with carnation, oil and tempera on wood, early 16th century.

### Sculptures

* Luigi Bienaimé, Bacchante, marble, 1847.
* Antonio Canova, Bust of the Goddess Hebe, marble, 1819.
* Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, Bust of a Bacchante, bronze, 19th century.
* Lower Rhine School, Saint Catherine, wood, 15th century.
* François Pompon, Bear, on-glazed céramic.
* Auguste Rodin, The Kiss, bronze, 1886.
* Pietro Tenerani, Psyche, marble, middle of the 19th century.
* Viktor Oskar Tilgner, Buste of Hans Makart, bronze, end of the 19th century.

### Installation Art

* Dmitry Gutov, Gondola, 2012.

### Objets d'Art

* Arita Workshops, Plate, porcelaine, émail et engobe, 18th century.
* Cantonese Workshops, Puzzle Ball with Sticks, ivory, 20th century.
* Fabergé Workshops, Bird Carafe, cristal and silver, 19th century.
* Meissen Workshops, Vase Decorated with Snow Balls, porcelain, c. 1740.
* Ernst August Leuteritz (Meissen Workshops), Epergne, porcelain, on-glaze painting, 1886.
* Sèvres Workshops, The Reaper, bisque porcelain, 1757–1766.
* Wedgwood Workshops, Vase with Relief Decoration, stoneware, 19th century.
* India, Elephant, carved ivory, 19th century.
* Indonesia, Wayang Shadow Theatre, wood, batik, cotton and leather, 21st century.

## Gallery

* Portrait of Friedrich Wilhelm Brederlo
* Portrait of William II, prince of Orange-Nassau
* Bust of a Bacchante
* The Kiss
* Mercury (before restoration)
* Bust of Hans Makart
* Village de Sandviken, Claude Monet