# G minor

G minor is a minor scale based on G, consisting of the pitches G, A, B♭, C, D, E♭, and F. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative major is B-flat major and its parallel major is G major.
The G natural minor scale is:
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

## Scale degree chords

The scale degree chords of G minor are:
* Tonic – G minor
* Supertonic – A diminished
* Mediant – B-flat major
* Subdominant – C minor
* Dominant – D minor
* Submediant – E-flat major
* Subtonic – F major

## Mozart's use of G minor

G minor has been considered the key through which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart best expressed sadness and tragedy, and many of his minor key works are in G minor, such as Piano Quartet No. 1 and String Quintet No. 4. Though Mozart touched on various minor keys in his symphonies, G minor is the only minor key he used as a main key for his numbered symphonies (No. 25, and the famous No. 40). In the Classical period, symphonies in G minor almost always used four horns, two in G and two in B♭ alto. Another convention of G minor symphonies observed in Mozart's No. 25 and Mozart's No. 40 was the choice of E-flat major, the subdominant of the relative major B♭, for the slow movement, with other examples including Joseph Haydn's No. 39 and Johann Baptist Wanhal's G minor symphony from before 1771.

## Notable works in G minor

* Arcangelo Corelli
** Christmas Concerto
* Henry Purcell
** "Dido's Lament" from Dido and Aeneas
* Antonio Vivaldi
** Violin Concerto, Op. 4/6, RV 316a
** Violin Concerto, Op. 6/1, RV 324
** Violin Concerto, Op. 6/3, RV 318
** Violin Concerto, Op. 7/3, RV 326
** Violin Concerto "Summer" from "The four seasons", Op. 8/2, RV 315
** Violin Concerto, Op. 8/8, RV 332
** Flute Concerto La Notte, Op. 10/2, RV 439
** Oboe Concerto, Op. 11/6, RV 460
* Georg Philipp Telemann
** Fantasia for flute solo No. 12
** Fantasia for viola da gamba solo No. 7
* Johann Sebastian Bach
** Violin Sonata No. 1, BWV 1001
** Great Fantasia and Fugue, BWV 542
** "Little" Fugue in G minor, BWV 578
** English Suite No. 3, BWV 808
* Joseph Haydn
** Stabat Mater
** Symphony No. 39
** Symphony No. 83 "The Hen"
** String Quartet No. 26, Op. 20, No. 3
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
** Symphony No. 25
** Symphony No. 40
** String Quintet No. 4
** Piano Quartet No. 1
** Six Variations on "Hélas, j'ai perdu mon amant"
* Ludwig van Beethoven
** Cello Sonata No. 2, Op. 5, No. 2
** Piano Sonata No. 19, Op. 49/1
* Franz Schubert
** Stabat Mater, D 175
** String Quartet No. 9, D 173
** Violin Sonata No. 3, Op. posth. 137/3, D 408
* Carl Maria von Weber
** Trio for Piano, Flute and Cello, Op. 63
* Felix Mendelssohn
** Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 25
** String Symphony No. 12
* Frédéric Chopin
** Piano Trio, Op. 8
** Ballade No. 1, Op. 23
** Nocturne, Op. 37, No. 1
** Prelude "Impatience", Op. 28, No. 22
** Cello Sonata, Op. 65
** Polonaise in G minor, Op. posth.
* Charles-Valentin Alkan
** Scherzo diabolico, Op. 39, No. 3
** Esquisses, Op. 63, No. 6 "Les cloches"; No. 26 "Petit air, Genre ancien"
* Franz Liszt
** Transcendental Étude No. 6 "Vision"
* Robert Schumann
** Symphony in G minor ("Zwickau")
** Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 22
** Piano Trio No. 3, Op. 110
* Clara Schumann
** Piano Trio, Op. 17
* Bedřich Smetana
** Piano Trio, Op. 15
* Johannes Brahms
** Piano Quartet No. 1, Op. 25
** Rhapsody, Op. 79/2
** Capriccio, Op. 116/3
** Ballade, Op. 118/3
** Hungarian Dance No. 5 (orchestral version)
* Camille Saint-Saëns
** Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 22
** Danse macabre, Op. 40
* Max Bruch
** Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 26
* Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
** Symphony No. 1, Op. 13
* Antonín Dvořák
** Piano Concerto, Op. 33
** Slavonic Dance No. 8
** Rondo for Cello and Orchestra, Op. 94
** Piano Trio No. 2, Op. 26
** Bagatelles, Op. 47
* Edvard Grieg
** Ballade in the Form of Variations on a Norwegian Folk Song, Op. 24
* Gabriel Fauré
** Sicilienne, Op. 78
* Claude Debussy
** String Quartet, Op. 10
* Isaac Albéniz
** Cataluña, Op. 47, No. 2
* Mykola Leontovych
** Shchedryk
* Gustav Holst
** Mars, the bringer of war, from the orchestral suite The Planets
* Ralph Vaughan Williams
** Mass in G minor
* Sergei Rachmaninoff
** Piano Concerto No. 4
** Prelude in G minor
** Cello Sonata
* Sergei Prokofiev
** Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 16
* Dmitri Shostakovich
** Symphony No. 11 The year 1905, Op. 103
** Piano Quintet, Op. 57