OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cole Creek (Missouri River tributary)

Cole Creek is a stream in northern Gasconade County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Missouri River.
The stream headwaters arise about one mile east of Gasconade and about one mile south of the Missouri River at . The stream flows to the northeast for about two miles roughly parallel to the Missouri. It then turns north to its confluence with the Missouri at two miles west of Hermann.
The namesake of Cole Creek is unknown.
# Nooksack Valley School District

The Nooksack Valley School District in Whatcom County, Washington, U.S. is a school district named after the Nooksack River. It has five schools and some 1,870 students as of 2006. The district includes one high school, one middle school, and three elementary schools.
The district boundary includes Everson, Nooksack, and Sumas.

## High school

Nooksack Valley High School is located just north of Nooksack at the junction of State Route 9 and State Route 546. Nooksack Valley High School (NVHS) enrolls students in ninth through twelfth grades. Upon successful completion of the twelfth grade, students graduate and may participate in a graduation ceremony. Students must complete required courses and pass the tenth grade Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) tests to graduate. Core classes focus on English literature and composition, math, science, and social sciences. Classes are also offered in art, health, music, physical education, technology, world languages, and vocational education. College preparatory and Advanced Placement courses are available. Academically qualified students may take college courses at Whatcom Community College or Bellingham Technical College through the Running Start program. Extracurricular offerings include clubs, social activities, competitions, and sports. NVHS competes in numerous sports through the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association (WIAA). NVHS is a WIAA Division A (single A) school.

## Middle school

Nooksack Valley Middle School is located on State Route 544 (W. Columbia Street) in Nooksack. The school opened as a middle school in 1998 after conversion from an elementary school. As a middle school, it enrolls students in sixth through eighth grades. Classes focus on English literature and composition, math, science, and social sciences. Additional courses include music, fine arts, health, and physical education. Extracurricular offerings include field trips, social events, academic competitions, and sports.

## Elementary schools

Everson Elementary School is located on State Route 544 (Everson-Goshen Road) in Everson. Everson Elementary opened in 1993. The school enrolls students in kindergarten through fifth grade. It also offers a preschool as part of the Head Start program. Breakfast and lunch are served daily.
Nooksack Elementary School is located on Breckenridge Road in Nooksack. Breckenridge Creek borders this school campus. Nooksack Elementary opened in 1998. The school enrolls students in kindergarten through fifth Grade. A preschool is available for eligible children; it is part of the Head Start program. Breakfast and lunch are served daily.
Sumas Elementary School is located on Lawson Street in Sumas. The school opened in 1975 and currently enrolls students in kindergarten through fifth grade. The school has early childhood programs for birth to age three and preschool. The birth to three program serves children with disabilities and children eligible for Early Head Start. The preschool provides Head Start services to eligible children. Breakfast and lunch are served daily.
# Third Creek

Third Creek is a stream in Gasconade and Osage counties of central Missouri. It is a tributary of the Gasconade River.
The stream headwaters are in Gasconade County at and the confluence with the Gasconade is in Osage County at . The stream source is just west of Missouri Route 19 north of Owensville. The stream flows northwest past Old Woollam and, after passing under Missouri Routes P and A, it gains the flow of its southern tributary Crider Creek, and enters Osage County about 1.5 mile before it joins the Gasconade at Cooper Hill.
Third Creek was named for the fact it is the third in order of tributaries on the Gasconade River from the nearby Missouri River.
# James Uthmeier

James William Uthmeier (born November 20, 1987) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 39th attorney general of Florida since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as chief of staff to Governor Ron DeSantis from 2021 to 2025.

## Early life and career

Uthmeier is a native of Destin, Florida. He attended Fort Walton Beach High School and later graduated from the University of Florida, where he had competed for the Florida Gators track and field program. He graduated from Georgetown University Law Center in 2014. Prior to joining the Trump administration he was an associate at Jones Day.
Uthmeier worked from 2017 to 2019 in the U.S. Department of Commerce as a senior counsel and senior advisor in the Trump administration. He then joined the office of Florida governor Ron DeSantis as deputy general counsel in 2019, then was promoted in 2020 to general counsel. In October 2021, he was appointed chief of staff to the Governor, succeeding Adrian Lukis. He remained as chief of staff until his appointment as attorney general and was succeeded by Secretary Jason Weida.
From 2023 to 2024, Uthmeier served as campaign manager of Ron DeSantis's unsuccessful 2024 presidential campaign.

## Attorney General of Florida (2025–present)

On January 16, 2025, Governor DeSantis announced his intention to appoint Attorney General Ashley Moody to the United States Senate to succeed Marco Rubio, should he be confirmed as United States Secretary of State. DeSantis also announced he would appoint Uthmeier to succeed Moody as attorney general, in the event of a vacancy.
On February 17, 2025, Uthmeier was sworn in as the 39th attorney general of Florida. He is the youngest attorney general since Robert L. Shevin and the first from the Florida panhandle since James W. Kynes.
On February 25, 2025, he filed paperwork to seek a full term in 2026. The following day, Uthmeier released a new seal for the Office of the Attorney General of Florida, referencing the "Free State of Florida".
In March 2025, Uthmeier opened a criminal investigation into social media personalities Andrew and Tristan Tate, saying: "We're going to pursue every tool we have within our legal authority to hold them accountable". Despite the brothers' relocation to Las Vegas, Uthmeier confirmed his investigation would continue. Andrew Tate criticized the investigation as "absolute communism." On March 13, Andrew Tate returned to Miami and "taunted" Uthmeier to "arrest me".
# Killing of Noor Alsaffar

In September 2023, Iraqi social media personality Noor Alsaffar, known as Noor BM, (b. 2000), was shot three times by a gunman in the Mansour district of Baghdad, killing him.
As of April 2024, no one had been charged for the murder and the crime is "under investigation".

## Background

In 2020, during an interview with the Alwalaa channel, Alsaffar described himself as a cross-dresser, stating that: "I’m not transgender and I’m not gay. I don’t have other tendencies, I’m only a cross-dresser and a model." This led to online abuse. At the time of his murder in 2023, Alsaffar had over 370,000 followers on TikTok and Instagram, which were mostly used to post beauty and Get Ready With Me content.

## Killing

Alsaffar's killing took place during the day, and was recorded on neighbouring CCTV.

## Reactions

IraQueer, an Iraqi LGBTQ+ rights group, condemned the killing of "the queer Iraqi vlogger Nour BM". Remembering Our Dead, a website supporting Trans Day of Remembrance, described Alsaffar as "gender-nonconforming", but stated that how Alsaffar viewed their gender at the time of their death is not known.
The shooting is one of several targeted attacks on social media personalities in Iraq, some of whom were identified as members of LGBTQ+ communities. It is part of a wider increase in homophobia and transphobia in Iraq, which includes the burning of the rainbow flag, a ban on media organisations in using the term 'homosexuality' - stipulating that 'sexual deviance' should be used instead, the criminalisation of same-sex relationships, and the deliberate digital targeting of LGBTQ+ people.
# Thomas Watt (politician)
## Early Life and Education

Sir Thomas Watt KCMG (1857 – 1947) was a South African politician and cabinet minister.
# Weldon Branch

Weldon Branch is a stream in Gentry County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the East Fork Grand River.
Weldon Branch has the name of John Weldon, an early settler.
# Sue Higginson

Susan Higginson is an Australian politician and a former public interest environmental lawyer. She has been a Greens member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 12 May 2022, when she filled a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of David Shoebridge.

## Background

Higginson graduated with Bachelor of Laws, with First Class Honours and was awarded the University Medal upon graduation. She then practiced as a public interest environmental lawyer, and was a Principal Solicitor and CEO of the Environmental Defenders Office. She has also lectured and taught environmental law in universities across the state.

## Political career

Higginson was the Greens' candidate for the seat of Lismore in the 2019 NSW election. She obtained 24% of first preference votes, and only missed being in the last two candidates in the distribution of preferences by 361 votes. In February 2022, Higginson was chosen by The Greens to fill the upcoming vacancy for David Shoebridge, who would be resigning from the New South Wales Legislative Council to contest the May federal election. Shoebridge resigned in April 2022, and Higginson was appointed as a member of the Legislative Council on 12 May 2022.

## Personal life

Higginson and her partner have a farm on the Richmond Floodplain in the Northern Rivers.
# Erdem

Erdem (IPA:) is a Turkish and Mongolian masculine name that means "virtue, merit, kind, knowledge".
Erdem may also refer to:

## Given name

* Erdem Başçı (born 1966), Turkish economist
* Erdem Helvacıoğlu (born 1975), Turkish musician
* Erdem Moralioğlu (born 1977), Turkish-Canadian fashion designer
* Erdem Özgenç (born 1984), Turkish footballer
* Erdem Türetken (born 1979), Turkish basketball player
* Erdem Erkul, Turkish Executive and Entrepreneur Erdem balik

## Surname

* Ali Naili Erdem (born 1927), Turkish lawyer and politician
* Alparslan Erdem (born 1988), Turkish-German footballer
* Arif Erdem (born 1972), Turkish footballer
* Bülent Erdem (born 1948), Turkish fencer
* Can Erdem (born 1987), Turkish footballer
* Kaya Erdem (born 1928), Turkish politician
* Mülayim Erdem (born 1987), Turkish footballer
* Naci Erdem (1931–2022), Turkish footballer
* Nazim Erdem (born 1970), Australian rugby union player
* Reha Erdem (born 1960), Turkish film director and screenwriter
* Sinan Erdem (1927-2003), Turkish volleyball player
* Talha Ahmet Erdem, Turkish judoka with Down syndrome
* Yonca Şevval Erdem (born 1996), Turkish female water polo player
* Zeynel Abidin Erdem (born 1944), Turkish business tycoon
# Old Perry Post Office

The Old Perry Post Office is a historic site in Perry, Florida, located at 201 East Green Street. On May 11, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The post office was built in 1935. It is a one-story-with-mezzanine structure which is vernacular in style but with modest elements of Mediterranean Revival.
The building included a publicly funded mural installed in 1938. The mural is a panel painted by George Snow Hill (1898–1969) which is titled "Cypress Logging", depicting the lumber industry of the area. (See #14 in accompanying photos.) The panel was moved to a new site, the new Perry Post Office, in 1987. A photographic reproduction of the mural was to be posted in the Old Perry Post Office, as of the NRHP listing.
# Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir

Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir (born 31 July 1955) is the chairman of BHM, the confederation of university graduates in Iceland. She is a former politician with the Left-Green Movement. She was a member of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) for Reykjavík constituencies from 1999. She didn't get re-elected in 2009. Halldórsdóttir was Minister for the Environment and Minister for Nordic Cooperation, in 2009. She has been s President of ECA – European Council of Artists (2011).

## Supporting prisoner artists

Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir, as the president of ECA, joined the biggest international campaign Freemuse for the release of Iranian musician Mehdi Rajabian and his brother, film-maker Hossein Rajabian; he was signed by the following of the ARJ group.
# Crabapple Branch

Crabapple Branch is a stream in Harrison County, Missouri. It is a tributary of Big Creek.
The stream headwaters are at and its confluence with Big Creek is at .
Crabapple Branch (also historically known as "Crab Apple Creek") was named for the crabapple trees in the area.
# William Jackson Bean

William Jackson Bean CVO ISO (26 May 1863 in Leavening, North Riding of Yorkshire – 19 April 1947 in Kew, Surrey) was a British botanist and plantsman, who was curator of Kew Gardens from 1922 to 1929. He was responsible for some of the present collections of trees and woody plants there.

## Biography

Bean was born in the little village of Leavening, near Malton in North Yorkshire in 1863. His mother was Lydia, née Jackson. His father was George Bean (c. 1833–1869), a nurseryman, as were his grandfather and greatgrandfather. His father died early. His mother worked as a nursery and seed dealer. After education at Archbishop Holgate's School, Bean became at age sixteen an apprentice gardener at the gardens of Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, the seat of the Duke of Rutland. At age twenty, Bean began his career at Kew Gardens as a trainee gardener. He remained at Kew for over 45 years, reaching the position of curator in 1922. Bean wrote a history of Kew Gardens, which was published in 1908.
He wrote the first two-volume edition of the reference work Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, which was published in 1914. A revised four-volume edition of this work remains a standard reference work for woody plants grown in Britain today.
Bean retired from Kew in 1929. In his retirement, Bean wrote three other books: Shrubs for Amateurs in 1924, Ornamental Trees for Amateurs in 1925, and Wall Shrubs and Hardy Climbers in 1939. He also revised and expanded Trees and Shrubs several times.
Bean was awarded the Victoria Medal of Honour in 1917 and the Veitch Memorial Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1922. He was awarded the Royal Victorian Order in 1936.
Bean was a widower at the time of his death. His son, George Ewart Bean (1903–1977) was a leading authority on the classical heritage of Turkey.
# Jo Clay

Jo Clay (born 1977) is a member of parliament in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly representing the ACT Greens.
Clay grew up in Canberra and attended Radford College in Canberra. She then studied law before working in various companies focused on improving the environment, including setting up Send and Shred, a company that recycles shredded documents, and The Carbon Diet about reducing her carbon footprint.
At the 2020 Australian Capital Territory election Clay won one of the five seats in Ginninderra.
# Everard Endt

Everard Coenraad "Ducky" Endt (April 7, 1893, in Zaandam, Netherlands, to mother Johanna E Dekker and father Hendrik Endt – September 16, 1980, in Baden-Baden, Germany) was an American sailor and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, where he won a gold medal in the 6 metre class with the boat Llanoria. Endt was the oldest American to win a gold medal in yachting (aged 59). Endt was part of the crew of the yacht "Dorade" that raced in the Fastnet Yacht race in 1933.
Endt became a US citizen in October 1933. Endt divorced his second wife, Whitney, in March 1936 in Reno, Nevada, after five years of marriage.
Endt served in the US Navy Reserves as an officer, reaching the rank of commander in 1945. In 1944, while participating in the D-Day landings at Normandy, he assisted in the building of the Mulberry Docks. Endt retired from the US Navy Reserves in May 1953.
# Old Piedras River Aqueduct

The Old Piedras River Aqueduct (Spanish: Antiguo acueducto del Río Piedras), also known as the San Juan Waterworks (Acueductos de San Juan), is an aqueduct in the barrio (district) of El Cinco of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is by the Piedras River, next to the University of Puerto Rico Botanical Garden. This aqueduct dates to the mid 19th century and it was important for the urban development of Río Piedras.

## History

The development of an aqueduct at the site by the Piedras River dates to 1825 and it was important to the urban development of Río Piedras, then known as El Roble. The waterworks were critical for their supply of clean water which was fundamental to the city's growth along a main corridor that still exists as Ponce de León Avenue. The original design of the existing aqueduct structure dates to 1847 and was designed by engineer Juan Manuel Lomber. The waterworks went through many upgrades since then done by American British engineers that were completed by the time of the Spanish-American War of 1898, with some main components installed some years later, between 1917 and 1918.
The Puerto Rico Conservation Trust (Para la Naturaleza) currently manages 9 out of the 23 acres of the historic site, and since 2007 has been working with the National Trust for Historic Preservation to preserve the site. The nonprofit organization proclaimed the historic district a National Treasure in 2014. Current plans for the district include the restoration the site's facilities for use as a visitor center dedicated to research, recreation, and education about the benefits of water resource conservation.

### Historic district

The aqueduct and its surrounding buildings were added as the Acueducto de San Juan historic district to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2007. The historic district is composed of a small weir that supplied water from the Piedras River; a valve room; six sedimentation and filtration tanks; an engine room with its carbon deposit; and an employee house.
# Piccadilly Square (Newton, Massachusetts)

Piccadilly Square is an open-air shopping area located in the Union Street Historic District in the Newton Centre village of Newton, Massachusetts. Opened in 1973, it contains 40 stores and 84,777 sq ft (7,876.0 m$^2$) of retail space.
# Indian Creek (Thompson River tributary)

Indian Creek is a stream in Decatur County, Iowa and Harrison County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Thompson River.
The stream headwaters arise approximately two miles east of Lamoni, Iowa at and an elevation of approximately 1,065 ft (325 m). It flows south to southeast into Missouri to its confluence with the Thompson River at and an elevation of 830 ft (250 m). The confluence is in northeastern Harrison County approximately four miles north-northeast of the community of Cainsville.
Indian Creek took its name from the Indians who once used the area as a hunting ground.
# Psychedelic Mango

Psychedelic Mango is the debut studio album by Australian psychedelic rock band Pond, released in Australia on 9 January 2009, through local Perth label, Badminton Bandit. The album was recorded in the granny flat of Nick Allbrook's parents' house on an 8-track tape, and only 500 CDs were produced and released. The album was released digitally on Apple Music with two live tracks.
Prior to forming Pond, Nick Allbrook and Joe Ryan were members of Mink Mussel Creek, along with Kevin Parker. After the band failed to release an album in six years, the members went their separate ways. Allbrook, Ryan, and their friend, Jay Watson, formed Pond under a mulberry tree in Daglish, a small western suburb of Perth, Western Australia. They conceived the idea of "an album of tropical psychedelic idiocy".
On 28 October 2014, Pond performed "Don't Look at the Sun or You'll Go Blind" on KEXP-FM. An extended six-minute version of the song was rerecorded and released as a single for the band's 2019 live album, Sessions. It is the only song from the album played live, and often closes out the band's sets. Mastered versions of "That Is How We Came", "Psychedelic Mango Vision", and "Don't Look at the Sun or You'll Go Blind" will be included on The Early Years: 2008–2010, releasing on 12 April 2025.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Pond.
# Mirror descent

In mathematics, mirror descent is an iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function.
It generalizes algorithms such as gradient descent and multiplicative weights.

## History

Mirror descent was originally proposed by Nemirovski and Yudin in 1983.

## Motivation

In gradient descent with the sequence of learning rates $(\eta _{n})_{n\geq 0}$ applied to a differentiable function $F$, one starts with a guess $\mathbf {x} _{0}$ for a local minimum of $F,$ and considers the sequence $\mathbf {x} _{0},\mathbf {x} _{1},\mathbf {x} _{2},\ldots$ such that
    $\mathbf {x} _{n+1}=\mathbf {x} _{n}-\eta _{n}\nabla F(\mathbf {x} _{n}),\ n\geq 0.$
This can be reformulated by noting that
    $\mathbf {x} _{n+1}=\arg \min _{\mathbf {x} }\left(F(\mathbf {x} _{n})+\nabla F(\mathbf {x} _{n})^{T}(\mathbf {x} -\mathbf {x} _{n})+{\frac {1}{2\eta _{n}}}\|\mathbf {x} -\mathbf {x} _{n}\|^{2}\right)$
In other words, $\mathbf {x} _{n+1}$ minimizes the first-order approximation to $F$ at $\mathbf {x} _{n}$ with added proximity term $\|\mathbf {x} -\mathbf {x} _{n}\|^{2}$.
This squared Euclidean distance term is a particular example of a Bregman distance. Using other Bregman distances will yield other algorithms such as Hedge which may be more suited to optimization over particular geometries.

## Formulation

We are given convex function $f$ to optimize over a convex set $K\subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}$, and given some norm $\|\cdot \|$ on $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
We are also given differentiable convex function $h\colon \mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R}$, $\alpha$-strongly convex with respect to the given norm. This is called the distance-generating function, and its gradient $\nabla h\colon \mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} ^{n}$ is known as the mirror map.
Starting from initial $x_{0}\in K$, in each iteration of Mirror Descent:
* Map to the dual space: $\theta _{t}\leftarrow \nabla h(x_{t})$
* Update in the dual space using a gradient step: $\theta _{t+1}\leftarrow \theta _{t}-\eta _{t}\nabla f(x_{t})$
* Map back to the primal space: $x'_{t+1}\leftarrow (\nabla h)^{-1}(\theta _{t+1})$
* Project back to the feasible region $K$: $x_{t+1}\leftarrow \mathrm {arg} \min _{x\in K}D_{h}(x||x'_{t+1})$, where $D_{h}$ is the Bregman divergence.

## Extensions

Mirror descent in the online optimization setting is known as Online Mirror Descent (OMD).