# Brown County, South Dakota

Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,301, making it the fourth most populous county in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 37,495 in 2024. Its county seat is Aberdeen. The county is named for Alfred Brown, of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, a Dakota Territory legislator in 1879.
Brown County is part of the Aberdeen, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Brown County lies on the north side of South Dakota. Its north boundary line abuts the south boundary line of the state of North Dakota. The James River flows south-southwest through the county; its entry point into neighboring Spink County marks Brown County's lowest elevation: 1,266 ft (386 m) ASL. The terrain of Brown County consists of rolling terrain, sloping to the south and east, largely devoted to agriculture.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,730.951 square miles (4,483.14 km$^2$), of which 1,713.030 square miles (4,436.73 km$^2$) is land and 17.921 square miles (46.42 km$^2$) (1.0%) is water. It is the 13th largest county in South Dakota by total area.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 12
* U.S. Highway 281
* South Dakota Highway 10
* South Dakota Highway 37

### Adjacent counties

* Dickey County, North Dakota - north
* Sargent County, North Dakota - northeast
* Marshall County - east
* Day County - southeast
* Spink County - south
* Faulk County - southwest
* Edmunds County - southwest
* McPherson County - northwest

### Protected areas

* Bodi State Game Production Area (part)
* Casanova State Game Production Area
* Columbia State Game Production Area
* Cutler State Game Production Area
* Diagonal Trees State Game Production Area
* Elm Creek State Game Production Area (part)
* Erickson State Game Production Area
* Hansen Preserve State Game Production Area
* Hart Quarter State Game Production Area
* Hecla State Game Production Area
* Jilek-Dahme State Game Production Area
* Pigors Lake State Game Production Area
* Putney Slough State Game Production Area
* Putney State Game Production Area
* Renziehausen Slough State Game Bird Refuge
* Renziehausen State Game Production Area (part)
* Richmond Dam State Game Production Area
* Richmond Lake State Recreation Area
* Richmond State Lakeside Use Area
* Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
* Zabrasha State Game Production Area

## Demographics

As of the third quarter of 2024, the median home value in Brown County was $221,040.
As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 16,364 estimated households in Brown County with an average of 2.26 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $70,239. Approximately 10.0% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Brown County has an estimated 70.0% employment rate, with 33.2% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 93.7% holding a high school diploma.
The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (93.8%), Spanish (2.7%), Indo-European (1.0%), Asian and Pacific Islander (2.1%), and Other (0.5%).
The median age in the county was 37.8 years.
Brown County, South Dakota – racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
| Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) | Pop. 1980 | Pop. 1990 | Pop. 2000 | Pop. 2010 | Pop. 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 35,852 (97.00%) | 34,307 (96.42%) | 33,715 (95.08%) | 33,825 (92.59%) | 32,705 (85.39%) |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 23 (0.06%) | 44 (0.12%) | 97 (0.27%) | 187 (0.51%) | 535 (1.40%) |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 826 (2.23%) | 976 (2.74%) | 954 (2.69%) | 1,078 (2.95%) | 1,103 (2.88%) |
| Asian alone (NH) | 117 (0.32%) | 139 (0.39%) | 142 (0.40%) | 353 (0.97%) | 918 (2.40%) |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | — | — | 26 (0.07%) | 42 (0.11%) | 44 (0.11%) |
| Other race alone (NH) | 23 (0.06%) | 3 (0.01%) | 8 (0.02%) | 17 (0.05%) | 96 (0.25%) |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | — | — | 281 (0.79%) | 533 (1.46%) | 1,241 (3.24%) |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 121 (0.33%) | 111 (0.31%) | 237 (0.67%) | 496 (1.36%) | 1,659 (4.33%) |
| Total | 36,962 (100.00%) | 35,580 (100.00%) | 35,460 (100.00%) | 36,531 (100.00%) | 38,301 (100.00%) |

### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 38,301 people, 16,130 households, and 9,595 families residing in the county. The population density was 22.4 inhabitants per square mile (8.6/km$^2$). There were 17,885 housing units at an average density of 10.4 per square mile (4.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 86.41% White, 1.48% African American, 3.13% Native American, 2.41% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.83% from some other races and 4.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.33% of the population.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 36,531 people, 15,489 households, and 9,374 families in the county. The population density was 21.3 inhabitants per square mile (8.2/km$^2$). There were 16,706 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 93.23% White, 0.53% African American, 3.02% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from some other races and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.36% of the population.
Of the 15,489 households, 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.5% were non-families, and 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age was 38.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,615 and the median income for a family was $58,683. Males had a median income of $37,997 versus $28,419 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,878. About 5.6% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

Brown County was long a Democratic stronghold, home to notable Democrats including South Dakota Governor Ralph Herseth, US Senate majority leader Tom Daschle and Congresswoman Stephanie Herseth Sandlin. It generally voted Democratic except in Republican landslides (though often relatively narrowly margins) in presidential elections from 1932 until 1996. Since then, Brown County has trended Republican, particularly at the local level, although the county was carried by Barack Obama in 2008.
United States presidential election results for Brown County, South Dakota :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 10,645 | 62.46% | 6,075 | 35.65% | 323 | 1.90% |
| 2020 | 10,580 | 60.30% | 6,538 | 37.26% | 429 | 2.44% |
| 2016 | 9,613 | 59.66% | 5,452 | 33.83% | 1,049 | 6.51% |
| 2012 | 8,321 | 51.79% | 7,250 | 45.12% | 497 | 3.09% |
| 2008 | 8,067 | 46.29% | 9,041 | 51.88% | 318 | 1.82% |
| 2004 | 10,386 | 55.84% | 7,943 | 42.71% | 270 | 1.45% |
| 2000 | 9,060 | 54.72% | 7,173 | 43.33% | 323 | 1.95% |
| 1996 | 6,801 | 41.35% | 7,913 | 48.11% | 1,733 | 10.54% |
| 1992 | 6,665 | 36.93% | 7,521 | 41.67% | 3,861 | 21.39% |
| 1988 | 8,537 | 49.34% | 8,673 | 50.13% | 92 | 0.53% |
| 1984 | 10,541 | 60.35% | 6,852 | 39.23% | 72 | 0.41% |
| 1980 | 10,550 | 58.61% | 6,050 | 33.61% | 1,399 | 7.77% |
| 1976 | 7,609 | 45.75% | 8,888 | 53.44% | 136 | 0.82% |
| 1972 | 8,134 | 49.44% | 8,216 | 49.94% | 101 | 0.61% |
| 1968 | 6,685 | 45.95% | 7,302 | 50.20% | 560 | 3.85% |
| 1964 | 5,524 | 37.76% | 9,107 | 62.24% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 8,037 | 50.45% | 7,893 | 49.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 8,193 | 53.28% | 7,184 | 46.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 9,581 | 60.94% | 6,140 | 39.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 5,632 | 43.42% | 7,148 | 55.10% | 192 | 1.48% |
| 1944 | 5,611 | 46.90% | 6,352 | 53.10% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 6,598 | 45.05% | 8,048 | 54.95% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 4,505 | 32.19% | 9,177 | 65.58% | 311 | 2.22% |
| 1932 | 4,639 | 34.11% | 8,669 | 63.74% | 293 | 2.15% |
| 1928 | 7,266 | 58.03% | 5,065 | 40.45% | 191 | 1.53% |
| 1924 | 2,740 | 60.67% | 361 | 7.99% | 1,415 | 31.33% |
| 1920 | 5,581 | 56.54% | 1,364 | 13.82% | 2,926 | 29.64% |
| 1916 | 2,659 | 45.19% | 2,676 | 45.48% | 549 | 9.33% |
| 1912 | 0 | 0.00% | 2,488 | 50.69% | 2,420 | 49.31% |
| 1908 | 2,646 | 55.93% | 1,772 | 37.46% | 313 | 6.62% |
| 1904 | 2,737 | 66.32% | 988 | 23.94% | 402 | 9.74% |
| 1900 | 2,197 | 54.42% | 1,722 | 42.66% | 118 | 2.92% |
| 1896 | 1,618 | 46.15% | 1,867 | 53.25% | 21 | 0.60% |
| 1892 | 1,446 | 45.33% | 279 | 8.75% | 1,465 | 45.92% |

## Communities
### Cities

* Aberdeen (county seat)
* Columbia
* Groton

### Towns

* Claremont
* Frederick
* Hecla
* Stratford
* Verdon
* Warner
* Westport

### Census-designated places

* Bath
* Bath Corner
* Ferney
* Hutterville Colony
* Mansfield (partial)
* Prairiewood Village

### Unincorporated communities

* Barnard
* Houghton
* Huffton
* James
* Nahon
* Ordway
* Putney
* Richmond
* Richmond Heights
* Rudolph
* Tacoma Park
* Winship

### Townships

* Aberdeen
* Allison
* Bates
* Bath
* Barnard
* Cambria
* Carlisle
* Claremont
* Columbia
* East Hanson
* East Rondell
* Franklyn
* Frederick
* Garden Prairie
* Garland
* Gem
* Greenfield
* Groton
* Hecla
* Henry
* Highland
* Lansing
* Liberty
* Lincoln
* Mercier
* New Hope
* North Detroit
* Oneota
* Ordway
* Osceola
* Palmyra
* Portage
* Prairiewood
* Putney
* Ravinia
* Richland
* Riverside
* Savo
* Shelby
* South Detroit
* Warner
* West Hanson
* West
* Westport