# Ed Dwight

Edward Joseph Dwight Jr. (born September 9, 1933) is an American sculptor, author, retired test pilot, and astronaut. Enlisting in the U.S. Air Force in 1953, he earned a commission as a lieutenant in 1955. In 1961, at the direction of President John F. Kennedy, Dwight became the first African American to enter the Air Force training program from which NASA selected astronauts. Although he completed training at the Aerospace Research Pilot School in 1963 and advanced to the second round of the program, he was controversially not selected for the Astronaut Corps.
Dwight eventually traveled into space on the Blue Origin NS-25 mission in 2024, becoming the oldest person to ever participate in a spaceflight, a record previously held by William Shatner. In 2020, he became an honorary member of the U.S. Space Force during a ceremony at the Pentagon.
An accomplished sculptor, Dwight has completed a number of public monuments, including the Texas African American History Memorial on the grounds of the Texas State Capitol, and the African American History Monument on the grounds of the South Carolina State House.

## Biography
### Early life

Dwight was born on September 9, 1933, in the racially segregated Kansas City, Kansas area, to Georgia Baker Dwight (1909–2006) and Edward Joseph Dwight Sr. (1905–1975), who played second base and centerfield for the Kansas City Monarchs and other Negro league teams from 1924 to 1937.
At age four, Dwight built a toy airplane out of orange crates in his backyard. As a child, he was an avid reader and talented artist who was mechanically gifted and enjoyed working with his hands. He attended grade school at Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Kansas City. While delivering newspapers, he saw Air Force pilot Dayton Ragland, a Black man from Kansas City, on the front page of The Call. Having grown up in racist segregation, he instantly "wigged out", becoming inspired to follow this career path while thinking "This is insane. I didn't even know they let black pilots get anywhere near airplanes. ... Where did he get trained? How did he get in the military? How did all this stuff happen right before my nose?" In 1951, he became the first African-American male to graduate from Bishop Ward High School, a private Catholic high school in Kansas City, Kansas. He was a member of the National Honor Society and earned a scholarship to attend the Kansas City Art Institute. Dwight enrolled at Kansas City Junior College and graduated with an Associate of Arts degree in engineering in 1953.

### Career
#### Piloting

Dwight enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1953. He completed his airman and cadet pre-flight training at Lackland Air Force Base near San Antonio, Texas. He then traveled to Malden Air Base in Malden, Missouri, to finish his primary flight training. He earned a commission as an Air Force second lieutenant in 1955 before being assigned to Williams Air Force Base, southeast of Phoenix, Arizona.
While training to become a test pilot, Dwight attended night classes at Arizona State University. In 1957, he graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering. Dwight later completed Air Force courses in experimental test piloting and aerospace research at Edwards Air Force Base in 1961 and 1962, respectively. He earned the rank of captain while serving in the Air Force.

#### Pre-astronaut training

In 1961, Chuck Yeager was running the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), a U.S. Air Force program that had sent some of its graduates into the NASA Astronaut Corps. Yeager said Curtis LeMay called and told him, "Bobby Kennedy wants a colored in space. Get one into your course." Dwight was selected to enter ARPS shortly after that phone call. Dwight has said that Whitney Young of the National Urban League put the idea of a Black astronaut in President Kennedy's head during a meeting with Kennedy, Young, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and A. Philip Randolph. However, in Dwight's telling, this meeting happened in 1959, when Whitney Young was an unknown college administrator and Kennedy was a senator from Massachusetts. Young's biographer says that this meeting did not happen. Nonetheless, Dwight's selection into this Air Force program garnered international media attention, and Dwight appeared on the covers of news magazines such as Ebony, Jet, and Sepia.
During an interview with French media outlet Radio Campus Orléans in October 2024, Dwight claimed that President Kennedy asked Wernher Von Braun if he could include a black astronaut in NASA's space program, which Von Braun refused because it would "destroy NASA with a fight with black people at NASA".
Dwight proceeded to Phase II of ARPS, but was not selected by NASA to be an astronaut. He resigned from the Air Force in 1966, claiming, according to The Guardian, that "racial politics had forced him out of NASA and into the regular officer corps".
In August 2020, Dwight was made an honorary Space Force member in Washington, D.C.

#### Sculpting

After resigning from the Air Force, Dwight worked as an engineer, in real estate, and for IBM. He opened a barbecue restaurant in Denver. Dwight was also a successful construction entrepreneur and occasionally "built things with scrap metal". Dwight's artistic interest in sculpting and interest in learning about black historical icons grew after Colorado's first black lieutenant governor, George L. Brown, commissioned him to create a statue for the state capitol building in 1974. Upon completion, Dwight moved to Denver and earned an M.F.A. in sculpture from the University of Denver in 1977. He learned how to operate the University of Denver's metal casting foundry in the mid-1970s.
Dwight has been recognized for his innovative use of negative space in sculpting. Each of his pieces involves Blacks and civil rights activists, with a focus on the themes of slavery, emancipation, and post-reconstruction. Most of the pieces depict only Black people, but the Underground Railroad Sculpture in Battle Creek also honors Erastus and Sarah Hussey, who were conductors on the Underground Railroad. Dwight's first major work was a commission in 1974 to create a sculpture of Colorado Lieutenant Governor George L. Brown. Soon after, he was commissioned by the Colorado Centennial Commission to create a series of bronze sculptures entitled "Black Frontier in the American West".
Soon after he completed the "Black Frontier in the American West" exhibit, Dwight created a series of more than seventy bronze sculptures at the St. Louis Arch Museum at the request of the National Park Service. The series, "Jazz: An American Art Form", depicts the evolution of jazz and features jazz performers such as Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, and Charlie Parker.
Dwight owns and operates Ed Dwight Studios, based in Denver. Its 25,000 square feet (2,300 m$^2$), facility houses a studio, gallery, foundry, and a large collection of research material. The gallery and studio is open to the public.

#### Suborbital spaceflight on New Shepard

In 2024, Dwight was selected for a suborbital spaceflight mission and flew on Blue Origin's New Shepard NS-25, sponsored by Space For Humanity on May 19, 2024. He became the oldest person to fly in space at 90 years 8 months and 10 days, surpassing William Shatner. Post-flight, Dwight articulated experiencing the overview effect, "Out the window, I could see the Earth. Everything looked ordered and neat and wonderful and beautiful. There was no separation between countries or states. And you ask yourself: As wonderful as it all is, why can’t the people who live on it get along? Why don’t they want to take care of such a beautiful place?"Rosengren, John (February 7, 2025). "The Ride of His Life". AARP.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
The others members of the crew were Mason Angel, Sylvain Chiron, Carol Schaller, Kenneth Hess and Thotakura Gopichand. Victor J. Glover, former NASA administrator Charles Bolden, Leland D. Melvin, Bernard A. Harris Jr. and Livingston L. Holder Jr. attended the launch.

## Awards and honors

* 1986 – Honorary doctorate from Arizona State University
* 2020 – Air Force Commander's Award for Public Service
* 2020 – Bonfils-Stanton Foundation Artist Award
* 2021 – Asteroid 92579 Dwight
* 2022 – University of Denver CAHSS Lifetime Achievement Award

## Personal life

Dwight was raised Catholic, and served as an altar boy. In 1997, he was the lead sculptor on the statue of the Madonna and Child for the Our Mother of Africa Chapel, a structure devoted to African-American Catholics in the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, the largest church in North America. Dwight was the only black artist involved in the project. He was inducted into Phi Beta Sigma fraternity as an honorary brother at their 2023 conclave, held in Houston, Texas.

## Sculptures

As of late 2024, Dwight has created 132 memorial sculptures and over 20,000 gallery pieces, which include paintings and sculptures. His works include these:
| Name | Location | Unveiled | Notes |
| African American History Monument | South Carolina State House grounds – Columbia, South Carolina | March 29, 2001 | |
| Alex Haley / Kunta Kinte Memorial | The City Dock – Annapolis, Maryland | December 1999 | |
| Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial | Constitution Gardens – Washington, D.C. | 1991 | |
| Captain Walter Dyett Statue | Chicago, Illinois | | |
| Concerto | Folly Theater – Kansas City, Missouri | | |
| Dr. Benjamin Mays | Morehouse College Commons – Atlanta, Georgia | | |
| Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. | Anne Arundel Community College – Annapolis, Maryland | 2006 | |
| Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. | Houston, Texas | 2007 | |
| Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial | City Park – Denver, Colorado | 2002 | |
| Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. & Coretta Scott King | Allentown, Pennsylvania | 2011 | |
| Gateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad | Philip A. Hart Plaza – Detroit, Michigan | 2001 | |
| George Washington Williams bust | Ohio Statehouse – Columbus, Ohio | | |
| Hank Aaron | Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium – Atlanta, Georgia | 1982 | |
| Inauguration of History and Hope – Inaugural Sculpture Scene of President Barack Obama | Touring exhibit | 2010 | |
| Jack Trice Memorial | Iowa State University – Ames, Iowa | | |
| Jazz: An American Art Form | St. Louis Arch Museum – St. Louis, Missouri | | |
| John Hope Franklin Tower of Reconciliation | Tulsa, Oklahoma | | |
| Mayor Harold Washington | Harold Washington Cultural Center – Chicago, Illinois | 2004 | |
| Memorial to Rosa Parks, Mother of the Civil Rights Movement | Grand Rapids, Michigan | 2010 | |
| Mother of Africa Chapel | Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception – Washington, D.C. | 1997 | |
| Mr. Frederick Douglass | Frederick Douglass National Historic Site – Washington, D.C. | 1980 | Dwight's first commission |
| Quincy Jones Sculpture Park | Chicago, Illinois | | |
| Soldiers Memorial | Lincoln University – Jefferson City, Missouri | 2007 | |
| Texas African American History Memorial | Texas State Capitol – Austin, Texas | November 19, 2016 | Erected by the Texas African American History Memorial Foundation. |
| Tower of Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad | Civic Esplanade – Windsor, Ontario | 2001 | |
| Underground Railroad Memorial | Kellogg Foundation headquarters – Battle Creek, Michigan | 1994 | |
| United House of Prayer for All People | Lincoln Cemetery – Suitland, Maryland | 2008 | |
| William E. Smith, Director of Airports | Denver, Colorado | | |
| Denmark Vesey Monument | Charleston, South Carolina | 2014 | |
Furthermore, Dwight said in October 2024 that he was currently working on a memorial to Normandy beaches in honor of the black soldiers of World War II.