# Monza Circuit

The Monza Circuit (Italian: Autodromo Nazionale di Monza; lit. 'Monza National Racetrack') is a 5.793 km (3.600 mi) race track near the city of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. Built in 1922, it was the world's third purpose-built motor racing circuit after Brooklands and Indianapolis and the oldest in mainland Europe. The circuit's biggest event is the Italian Grand Prix. With the exception of the 1980 running when the track was closed while undergoing refurbishment, the race has been hosted there since 1949. The circuit is also known as "The Temple of Speed" due to its long straights and high-speed corners.
Built in the Royal Villa of Monza park in a woodland setting, the site has three tracks – the 5.793 km (3.600 mi) Grand Prix track, the 2.405 km (1.494 mi) Junior track, and a 4.250 km (2.641 mi) high speed oval track with steep bankings, which was left unused for decades and had been decaying until it was restored in the 2010s. The major features of the main Grand Prix track include the Curva Grande, the Curva di Lesmo, the Variante Ascari and the Curva Alboreto (formerly Curva Parabolica). The high speed curve, Curva Grande, is located after the Variante del Rettifilo which is located at the end of the front straight or Rettifilo Tribune, and is usually taken flat out by Formula One cars.
In addition to Formula One, the circuit previously hosted the 1,000 km Monza, an endurance sports car race held as part of the World Sportscar Championship and the Le Mans Series. Monza also featured the unique Race of Two Worlds events, which attempted to run Formula One and USAC National Championship cars against each other. The racetrack also previously held rounds of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing (Italian motorcycle Grand Prix), WTCC, TCR International Series, Superbike World Championship, Formula Renault 3.5 Series and Auto GP. Monza currently hosts rounds of the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, International GT Open and Euroformula Open Championship, as well as various local championships such as the TCR Italian Series, Italian GT Championship, Porsche Carrera Cup Italia and Italian F4 Championship, as well as the Monza Rally Show. In 2020, Monza hosted the 2020 World Rally Championship final round, ACI Rally Monza, with the circuit hosting 10 of the 16 rally stages.
Monza also hosts cycling and running events, most notably the Monza 12h Cycling Marathon and Monza 21 Half Marathon. The venue was also selected by Nike scientists for the Breaking2 event, where three runners attempted to break the 2-hour barrier for the marathon. Eliud Kipchoge ran 2:00:25.
A very fast circuit, Monza has been the site of many fatal accidents, especially in the early years of the Formula One world championship, and has claimed the lives of 52 drivers and 35 spectators. Track modifications have continuously occurred, to improve spectator safety and reduce curve speeds, but it is still criticised by the current drivers for its lack of run-off areas, most notoriously at the chicane that cuts the Variante della Roggia.

## History
### Early history

The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, financed by the Milan Automobile Club – which created the Società Incremento Automobilismo e Sport (SIAS) (English: Motoring and Sport Encouragement Company) to run the track. The initial form was a 3.4 square kilometres (1.31 sq mi) site with 10.000 km (6.214 mi) of macadamised road – comprising a 4.490 km (2.790 mi) loop track, and a 5.500 km (3.418 mi) road track. The track was officially opened on 3 September 1922, with the maiden race the second Italian Grand Prix held on 10 September 1922. Monza's close proximity to Milan, the center of Italy's economy, the largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of Europe's leading major cities made Monza a particularly convenient location for racing and other events.
In 1928, the most serious Italian racing accident to date ended in the death of driver Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators at that year's Italian Grand Prix. The accident led to further Grand Prix races' confinement to the high-speed loop until 1932. For these reasons the Italian Grand Prix was not held again until 1931; in the meantime the 1930 Monza Grand Prix was held on the high speed ring only, while in 1930 Vincenzo Florio introduced the Florio Circuit. The 1933 Italian Grand Prix was held on the original complete layout but it was marred by the deaths of three drivers (Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini and Stanisław Czaykowski) in the supporting Monza Grand Prix held on the same day - which became known as the "Black Day of Monza" - over the shorter oval circuit and the Grand Prix layout was changed: in 1934 a short circuit with two lanes of the straight line joined by a hairpin, Curva Sud of the banking (with a double chicane) driven in the opposite direction than usual, the "Florio link" and the Curva Sud (with a small chicane). This configuration was considered too slow and in 1935 Florio Circuit was used again, this time with four temporary chicanes and another one permanent (along the Curva Sud of the banking). In 1938 only the last one was used.
There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, removing the high speed ring and adding two new bends on the southern part of the circuit. The resulting layout gave a Grand Prix lap of 6.300 km (3.915 mi), in use until 1954. The outbreak of World War II meant racing at the track was suspended until 1948 and parts of the circuit degraded due to the lack of maintenance and military use. Monza was renovated over a period of two months at the beginning of 1948 and a Grand Prix was held on 17 October 1948.

### High speed oval

In 1954, work began to entirely revamp the circuit, resulting in a 5.750 km (3.573 mi) course, and a new 4.250 km (2.641 mi) high-speed oval with banked sopraelevata curves (the southern one was moved slightly north). The two circuits could be combined to re-create the former 10 kilometres (6.214 mi) long circuit, with cars running parallel on the main straight. The first Lesmo curve was modified to be made faster, and the track infrastructure and facilities were also updated and improved to better accommodate the teams and spectators.
The Automobile Club of Italy held 500 mi (800 km) Race of Two Worlds exhibition competitions, intended to pit United States Auto Club IndyCars against European Formula One and sports cars. The races were held on the oval at the end of June in 1957 and 1958, with three 63 lap 267.67 kilometres (166.32 mi) heat races each year, races which colloquially became known as the Monzanapolis series. Concerns were raised among the European drivers that flat-out racing on the banking would be too dangerous, so ultimately only Ecurie Ecosse and Maserati represented European racing at the first running. The American teams had brought special Firestone tyres with them, reinforced to withstand high-speed running on the bumpy Monza surface, but the Maseratis' steering was badly affected by the larger-than-usual tyre size, leading to the Modena-based team withdrawal.
Ecurie Ecosse's three Jaguar D-type sports cars used their Le Mans-specification tyres with no ill-effects, but since they raced at less than their practice speeds to conserve their tyres, they were completely outpaced. Two heats in 1957 were won by Jimmy Bryan in his Kuzma-Offenhauser Dean Van Lines Special, and the last by Troy Ruttman in the Watson-Offenhauser John Zink Special. In 1958 Jaguar, Ferrari and Maserati teams appeared alongside the Indy roadsters, but once again the American cars dominated the event and Jim Rathmann won the three races in a Watson-Offenhauser car.
Formula One used the 10.000 km (6.214 mi) high speed track in the 1955, 1956, 1960 and 1961 Grands Prix. Stirling Moss and Phil Hill both won twice in this period, with Hill's win at Monza making him the first American to win a Formula One race. The combined circuit was not used for 3 years because during the 1956 event the Ferraris and Maseratis were suffering mechanically on the banking, and the combined circuit was used again in 1960 because Ferrari's main strength that year was straight-line speed and the organizers wanted to maximise this advantage. The 1961 race saw the death of Wolfgang von Trips and fifteen spectators when a collision with Jim Clark's Lotus sent von Trips' car airborne and into the barriers at the approach to the Parabolica.
Although the accident did not occur on the oval section of the track, the high speeds were deemed unsafe and F1 use of the oval was ended. Another attempt was made to use the combined circuit for the 1963 race, but the extremely bumpy nature and poor overall quality of the concrete banking saw some cars suffer mechanically. The teams protested and threatened to leave unless only the road circuit was used, which is ultimately what happened. Future Grands Prix were held on the shorter road circuit, with the banking appearing one last time in the film Grand Prix. New safety walls, rails and fences were added before the next race and the refuelling area was moved further from the track. Chicanes were added before both bankings in 1966, and another fatality in the 1968 1000 km Monza race led to run-off areas added to the curves, with the track layout changing the next year to incorporate permanent chicanes before the banked curves – extending the track length by 100 m (110 yd).
The combined circuit held its last major race in 1969 with the 1000 km of Monza, the event moving solely to the road circuit the next year; the banking has never been used again for any major races. The banking still exists, albeit in a decayed state in the years since the last race, escaping demolition in the 1990s. It is used once a year for the Monza Rally, which served part of the 2021 World Rally Championship, which was the first FIA championship event since 1969. The banked oval was used several times for record breaking until the late 1960s, although the severe bumping was a major suspension and tyre test for the production cars attempting endurance records, such as the Ford Corsair GT which in 1964 captured 13 records.

### Circuit changes and modernisation

Both car and Grand Prix motorcycle racing were regular attractions at Monza. These races involved drivers constantly slipstreaming competing cars, which produced several close finishes, such as in 1967, 1969, and 1971.
As the speed of the machines increased, two chicanes were added in 1972 to reduce racing speeds – the Variante del Rettifilo at the middle of the start/finish straight, and the Variante Ascari. This resulted in a new circuit length of 5.755 km (3.576 mi). Grand Prix motorcycles continued to use the un-slowed road track until two serious accidents resulted in five deaths, including Renzo Pasolini and Jarno Saarinen, in 1973, and motorcycle racing did not return to Monza until 1981. The 1972 chicanes were soon seen to be ineffective at slowing cars; the Vialone was remade in 1974, the other, Curva Grande in 1976, and a third also added in 1976 before the Lesmo, with extended run-off areas. The Grand Prix lap after these alterations was increased to 5.800 km (3.604 mi) long.
With technology still increasing vehicle speeds the track was modified again in 1979 with added safety measures such as new kerbs, extended run-off areas and tyre-barriers to improve safety for drivers off the track. The infrastructure was also improved, with pits able to accommodate 46 cars, and an upgraded paddock and scrutineering facilities. These changes encouraged world championship motorcycling to return in 1981, but further safety work was undertaken through the 1980s. Also in the 1980s the podium, paddock and pits complex, stands, and camp site were either rebuilt or improved.
As motorsport became more safety conscious following the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger in 1994 at the Imola circuit, the three main long curves were "squeezed" in order to install larger gravel traps, shortening the lap to 5.770 km (3.585 mi). In 1997 the stands were reworked to expand capacity to 51,000. In 2000, the chicane on the main straight was altered, changing from a double left-right chicane to a single right-left chicane in an attempt to reduce the frequent accidents at the starts due to the conformation of the braking area, although it is still deemed unsafe in terms of motorcycle racing. The second chicane was also re-profiled. In the Formula 1 Grand Prix of the same year, the first to use these new chicanes, a fire marshal, Paolo Gislimberti, was killed by flying debris after a big pileup at the second chicane.
In 2007, the run-off area at the second chicane was changed from gravel to asphalt. The length of the track in its current configuration is 5.793 km (3.600 mi). At the 2010 Monza Superbike World Championship round, Italian rider Max Biaggi set the fastest ever motorcycle lap of Monza when he rode his Aprilia RSV4 1000 F to pole position in a time of 1:42.121. In the Superpole qualification for the 2011 race, he improved on this lap time, for a new lap record of 1:41.745 and his speed was captured at more than 330 km/h (210 mph).
In late 2016, work was planned on a new first bend, which would have bypassed the first chicane and the Curva Grande. Drivers were to go through a fast right hand kink and into a new, faster chicane. Work was planned for to be completed by 2017 in hopes of a renewed contract for Formula 1. Gravel would have also returned to the run-off area at the Parabolica bend. However, plans for the track's change were suspended due to the track being in the historic Monza Park. Ahead of the 2024 Italian Grand Prix, the Monza Circuit underwent significant changes. This forced WEC to abandon the 6 Hours of Monza, moving it to the Imola Circuit. In addition to facility improvements, changes included a resurfacing of the entire track.

## A lap of the circuit in a Formula One car

Monza, throughout its long and storied history has been known for its high-speed, simplistic nature (compared to "harder" circuits such as Singapore or Monaco, which are tight, unforgiving street circuits with lots of corners) thanks to its 1920s design and the few alterations it has received, and is currently the fastest track on the Formula One calendar and has been so since 1991. Monza consists of very long straights and tight chicanes, putting a premium on good braking stability and traction. The 5.793 km (3.600 mi) circuit is very hard on engines; Formula 1 engines are at full throttle for nearly 80% of the lap, with engine failures common, notably Fernando Alonso in the 2006 Italian Grand Prix or Nico Rosberg in the 2015 Italian Grand Prix.
Drivers are on full throttle for most of the lap due to its long straights and fast corners, and is usually the scenario in which the open-wheeled Formula One cars show the raw speed of which they are capable: 372 km/h (231 mph) during the mid-2000s V10 engine formula, although in 2012 with the 2.4L V8 engines, top speeds in Formula One rarely reached over 340 km/h (210 mph); the 1.6L turbocharged hybrid V6 engine, reduced-downforce formula of 2014 displayed top speeds of up to 360 km/h (220 mph). The circuit is generally flat, but has a gradual gradient from the second Lesmos to the Variante Ascari. Due to the low aerodynamic profile needed, with its resulting low downforce, the grip is very low; understeer is a more serious issue than at other circuits; however, the opposite effect, oversteer, is also present in the second sector, requiring the use of a very distinctive opposite lock technique. Since both maximum power and minimal drag are keys for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power or aerodynamic efficiency at their disposal are able to challenge for the top places.
Formula One cars are set up with one of the smallest wing angles on the F1 calendar to ensure the lowest level of drag on the straights. There are only 6 corner complexes at Monza: the first two chicanes, the two Lesmos, the Ascari complex and the Parabolica. Thus cars are set up for maximum performance on the straights.
Cars approach the first corner at 340 km/h (210 mph) in eighth gear, and brake at about 120 m (130 yd) before the first chicane—the Variante del Rettifilo—entering at 86 km/h (53 mph) in second gear, and exiting at 72 km/h (45 mph) in second gear. This is the scene of many first-lap accidents. Higher kerbs were installed at the first two chicanes in 2009 to prevent cutting.
Good traction out of the first corner is imperative for a quick lap. Conservation of speed through the first chicane is made possible by driving the straightest line, as a small mistake here can result in a lot of time being lost through the Curva Grande down to the Variante della Roggia chicane in eighth gear, at 330 km/h (210 mph). The braking point is just under the bridge. The kerbs are brutal and it is very easy for a car to become unbalanced and a driver to lose control, as Kimi Räikkönen did in 2005. This chicane is probably the best overtaking chance on the lap, as it is the only one with the "slow corner, long straight, slow corner"; one of the characteristics of modern circuits.
The Curve di Lesmo are two corners that are not as fast as they used to be, but are still challenging corners. The first is blind, entered at 273 km/h (170 mph) in sixth gear, apexing at 217 km/h (135 mph), and has a slight banking. The second is a seventh gear entry at 278 km/h (173 mph), apexing in fifth gear at 203.5 km/h (126.4 mph), and it is very important that all the kerb is used. A mistake at one of these corners will result in a spin into the gravel, while good exits can set a driver up for an overtaking move into Variante Ascari.
The downhill straight down to Variante Ascari is very bumpy under the bridge. Variante Ascari is a very tricky sequence of corners and is key to the lap time.
The final challenge is the Curva Parabolica Alboreto: approaching at 335 km/h (208 mph) in eighth gear, cars quickly dance around the corner, apexing in sixth gear at 229 km/h (142 mph) and exiting in sixth gear at 285 km/h (177 mph), accelerating onto the main start/finish straight. A good exit and slipstream off a fellow driver along the main straight can produce an overtaking opportunity under heavy braking into Variante del Rettifilo; however, it is difficult to follow a leading car closely through the Parabolica as the tow will reduce downforce and cornering speed.
The maximum speed recorded in a 2024 Formula One car was 357.1 km/h (221.9 mph), established at the end of the start/finish straight. They experience a maximum g-force of 4.50 during deceleration, and the track has many dramatic high to low speed transitions.

## Lap records

Lewis Hamilton recorded the fastest pole position lap at Monza in 2020, when he lapped in 1:18.887 at an average speed of 264.362 km/h (164.267 mph) – the fastest average lap speed recorded in qualifying for a World Championship event. The official race lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:21.046, set by Rubens Barrichello during the 2004 Italian Grand Prix. As of October 2024, the fastest official race lap records of Autodromo Nazionale di Monza are listed as:
| Category | Driver | Vehicle | Time | Event |
| Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present): 5.793 km |||||
| Formula One | Rubens Barrichello | Ferrari F2004 | 1:21.046 | 2004 Italian Grand Prix |
| GP2 | Lewis Hamilton | Dallara GP2/05 | 1:30.528 | 2006 Monza GP2 Series round |
| LMP1 | Nicolas Minassian | Peugeot 908 HDi FAP | 1:32.449 | 2008 1000 km of Monza |
| FIA F2 | Kush Maini | Dallara F2 2024 | 1:32.717 | 2024 Monza Formula 2 round |
| BOSS GP/Formula Renault 3.5 | Antônio Pizzonia | Dallara T12 | 1:33.276 | 2023 Monza BOSS GP Series round |
| Formula Renault 3.5 | Will Stevens | Dallara T12 | 1:34.899 | 2013 Monza Formula Renault 3.5 Series round |
| LMP2 | Mikkel Jensen | Aurus 01 | 1:35.988 | 2020 4 Hours of Monza |
| Auto GP | Luca Filippi | Lola B05/52 | 1:36.286 | 2011 Monza Auto GP round |
| Superleague Formula | Antonio Pizzonia | Panoz DP09 | 1:36.466 | 2009 Monza Superleague Formula round |
| LMH | Romain Dumas | Toyota GR010 Hybrid | 1:35.358 | 2023 6 Hours of Monza |
| LMDh | Alex Lynn | Cadillac V-Series.R | 1:37.251 | 2023 6 Hours of Monza |
| FA1 | Felix Rosenqvist | Lola B05/52 | 1:37.527 | 2014 Monza FA1 round |
| GP3 | Conor Daly | Dallara GP3/13 | 1:38.237 | 2013 Monza GP3 Series round |
| F3000 | Björn Wirdheim | Lola B02/50 | 1:38.881 | 2003 Monza F3000 round |
| FIA F3 | Leonardo Fornaroli | Dallara F3 2019 | 1:38.802 | 2024 Monza Formula 3 round |
| Formula Nissan | Stéphane Sarrazin | Dallara SN01 | 1:39.708 | 2003 Monza World Series by Nissan round |
| F2 (2009–2012) | Mihai Marinescu | Williams JPH1 | 1:39.997 | 2011 Monza FTwo round |
| WSC | Christian Pescatori | Ferrari 333 SP | 1:40.775 | 2000 Aprimatic Trophy |
| Group C | Éric Hélary | Jaguar XJR-14 | 1:42.146 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| Euroformula Open | Frederick Lubin | Dallara 320 | 1:43.708 | 2022 Monza Euroformula Open round |
| LMP3 | Laurents Hörr | Ligier JS P320 | 1:44.374 | 2020 Monza Le Mans Cup round |
| GT3 | Alessandro Pier Guidi | Ferrari 296 GT3 | 1:44.593 | 2024 3 Hours of Monza |
| GT1 (GTS) | Uwe Alzen | Saleen S7-R | 1:44.708 | 2004 FIA GT Monza 500km |
| Superbike | Michel Fabrizio | Ducati 1098R | 1:45.336 | 2009 Monza World SBK round |
| SRO GT2 | Reinhard Kofler [pl] | KTM X-Bow GT2 | 1:45.718 | 2024 Monza GT2 European Series round |
| LM GTE | Alessandro Pier Guidi | Ferrari 488 GTE Evo | 1:45.947 | 2022 6 Hours of Monza |
| Formula Regional | Alessandro Giusti | Tatuus F3 T-318 | 1:45.970 | 2024 Monza FREC round |
| Ferrari Challenge | Marco Bonanomi | Ferrari 296 Challenge | 1:46.402 | 2024 2nd Monza Italian GT round |
| LMP675 | Werner Lupberger | Pilbeam MP84 | 1:47.071 | 2000 Aprimatic Trophy |
| Porsche Carrera Cup | Robert de Haan | Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup | 1:48.153 | 2024 Monza Porsche Carrera Cup Italia round |
| Lamborghini Super Trofeo | Giuseppe Forenzi | Lamborghini Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2 | 1:48.309 | 2024 1st Monza Italian GT round |
| GT2 | Gianmaria Bruni | Ferrari F430 GTC | 1:49.569 | 2008 1000 km of Monza |
| Supersport | Cal Crutchlow | Yamaha YZF-R6 | 1:49.728 | 2009 Monza World SSP round |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | Sacha Fenestraz | Tatuus FR2.0/13 | 1:49.922 | 2017 Monza Formula Renault Eurocup round |
| N-GT | Stéphane Ortelli | Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR | 1:49.967 | 2004 FIA GT Monza 500km |
| CN | Sabrina Hungerbühler [de] | Osella PA20 | 1:50.299 | 2003 Monza Interserie round |
| Formula 4 | Gianmarco Pradel | Tatuus F4-T421 | 1:51.179 | 2024 Monza Euro 4 Championship round |
| FIA Group 2 | Sean Edwards | Saleen S7-R | 1:51.285 | 2008 FIA GT Monza 2 Hours |
| Formula Palmer Audi | Emilio de Villota Jr. | Formula Palmer Audi car | 1:52.498 | 2005 Monza Formula Palmer Audi round |
| TC1 | Thed Björk | Volvo S60 Polestar TC1 | 1:53.381 | 2017 FIA WTCC Race of Italy |
| Group 6 | Yves Scemama | TOJ SC304 | 1:54.109 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| JS P4 | Gillian Henrion | Ligier JS P4 | 1:54.159 | 2022 Monza Ligier European Series round |
| GT4 | Lluc Ibáñez | Mercedes-AMG GT4 | 1:54.632 | 2024 Monza GT4 European Series round |
| Super Touring | Peter Kox | Honda Accord | 1:54.859 | 2000 Monza ESTC round |
| Group 5 sports car | Claudio Roddaro | Porsche 917 | 1:55.137 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| TCR Touring Car | Mikel Azcona | Cupra León Competición TCR | 1:57.333 | 2021 Monza TCR Europe round |
| Alpine Elf Europa Cup | Léo Jousset | Alpine A110 Cup | 1:58.104 | 2024 Monza Alpine Elf Europa Cup round |
| Formula BMW | Jack Harvey | Mygale FB02 | 1:58.683 | 2009 Monza Formula BMW Europe Round |
| Super 2000 | Robert Huff | Chevrolet Cruze 1.6T | 1:59.000 | 2012 FIA WTCC Race of Italy |
| Stock car racing | Ander Vilariño | Chevrolet Camaro NASCAR | 1:59.256 | 2013 Monza NASCAR Whelen Euro Series round |
| JS2 R | Horst Felix Felbermayr | Ligier JS2 R | 2:00.428 | 2022 Monza Ligier European Series round |
| SEAT León Supercopa | Mikel Azcona | SEAT León Cup Racer | 2:00.813 | 2015 Monza SEAT León Eurocup round |
| Formula Renault 1.6 | Victor Martins | Signatech FR 1.6 | 2:01.008 | 2017 Monza French F4 round |
| Pickup truck racing | Giacomo Ricci | MWV6 Pick Up | 2:04.066 | 2014 Monza MW-V6 Pickup Series round |
| Group 2 | Michael Ferlich | BMW 3.0 CSL | 2:04.174 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| Indy Autonomous Challenge | PoliMOVE | Dallara AV-21 | 2:05.87 | 2023 Indy Autonomous Challenge @ Monza |
| Group 3 | Charles Firmenich | Shelby Cobra | 2:09.965 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| Formula Junior | Pierre Tonetti | Brabham BT6 | 2:11.003 | 2019 Monza Historic |
| Renault Clio Cup | Massimilliano Danetti | Renault Clio R.S. IV | 2.11.756 | 2020 Monza Renault Clio Cup Italy round |
| Motorcycle Circuit (2010–present): 5.777 km |||||
| World SBK | Tom Sykes | Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R | 1:42.229 | 2013 Monza World SBK round |
| Superbike | Luca Conforti | Ducati 1098R | 1:44.330 | 2012 Monza CIV Superbike round |
| World SSP | Eugene Laverty | Honda CBR600RR | 1:47.767 | 2010 Monza World SSP round |
| Supersport | Stefano Cruciani [it] | Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R | 1:49.876 | 2012 Monza CIV Supersport round |
| Junior Course (1959–present): 2.405 km |||||
| Group 5 | Giorgio Schön | Porsche 934/76 | 0:54.300 | 1976 Monza Group 5 round |
| Group 6 | Pier Giorgio Pellegrin | Fiat Abarth 1000SP | 0:56.500 | 1971 Monza Sports Prototype round |
| Group 4 | Ennio Bonomelli | Porsche 911 Carrera RSR | 56.700 | 1973 Coppa Agip Monza |
| Group 2 | Angelo Chiapparini | Alfa Romeo GTA | 1:02.000 | 1973 Coppa Agip Monza |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1996–1999): 5.770 km |||||
| Formula One | Mika Hakkinen | McLaren MP4/12 | 1:24.808 | 1997 Italian Grand Prix |
| WSC | Andrea Montermini | Ferrari 333 SP | 1:36.915 | 1997 1000 km of Monza |
| F3000 | Marcelo Battistuzzi | Lola T96/50 | 1:40.849 | 1999 Monza Italian F3000 round |
| GT1 | Ray Bellm | McLaren F1 GTR | 1:44.354 | 1996 BPR 4 Hours of Monza |
| Formula Three | Peter Sundberg | Dallara F399 | 1:45.393 | 1999 Monza Italian F3 round |
| GT2 | Olivier Beretta | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | 1:46.278 | 1999 FIA GT Monza 500km |
| World SBK | Troy Corser | Ducati 996 | 1:46.533 | 1999 Monza World SBK round |
| Super Touring | Fabrizio Giovanardi | Alfa Romeo 156 D2 | 1:51.946 | 1999 Monza Italian Superturismo round |
| World SSP | Christian Kellner | Yamaha YZF-R6 | 1:53.155 | 1999 Monza World SSP round |
| Porsche Carrera Cup | Ralf Kelleners | Porsche 911 (996) GT3 Cup | 1:54.460 | 1998 Monza Porsche Supercup round |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1994–1995): 5.834 km |||||
| Formula One | Damon Hill | Williams FW16B | 1:25.930 | 1994 Italian Grand Prix |
| GT1 | Anders Olofsson | Ferrari F40 GTE | 1:46.203 | 1995 BPR 4 Hours of Monza |
| Formula Three | Michele Gasparini [pl] | Dallara F394 | 1:46.910 | 1994 Monza Italian F3 round |
| World SBK | Carl Fogarty | Ducati 916 | 1:48.330 | 1995 Monza World SBK round |
| Super Touring | Antonio Tamburini | Alfa Romeo 155 TS | 1:56.133 | 1994 Monza Italian Superturismo round |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1976–1993): 5.800 km |||||
| Formula One | Damon Hill | Williams FW15C | 1:23.575 | 1993 Italian Grand Prix |
| Group C | Martin Brundle | Jaguar XJR-14 | 1:29.128 | 1991 430 km of Monza |
| F3000 | Damon Hill | Lola T90/50 | 1:38.881 | 1990 Monza F3000 round |
| Group C2 | Ranieri Randaccio [de] | Spice SE90C | 1:41.884 | 1992 500 km of Monza |
| Group 6 racing cars | Arturo Merzario | Alfa Romeo T33/SC/12 | 1:42.350 | 1977 500 km of Monza |
| Formula Two | Brian Henton | Toleman TG280B | 1:42.790 | 1980 Monza Grand Prix |
| Formula Three | Niko Palhares | Dallara F391 | 1:46.408 | 1991 Monza Italian F3 round |
| 500cc | Wayne Gardner | Honda NSR500 | 1:49.000 | 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix |
| Group A | Nicola Larini | Alfa Romeo 155 GTA | 1:50.297 | 1992 1st Monza Italian Superturismo round |
| GT1 | Marco Brand | Ferrari F40 | 1:53.220 | 1993 Monza Italian GT round |
| BMW M1 Procar | Niki Lauda | BMW M1 Procar | 1:53.560 | 1979 Monza BMW M1 Procar round |
| World SBK | Rob Phillis | Kawasaki ZXR-750 | 1:54.650 | 1990 Monza World SBK round |
| 250cc | Dominique Sarron | Honda NSR250 | 1:55.750 | 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix |
| Super Touring | Eric van de Poele | Nissan Primera GT | 1:58.080 | 1993 FIA Touring Car Challenge |
| Ferrari Challenge | Oscar Larrauri | Ferrari 348 GTB | 1:58.870 | 1993 Monza Italian GT round |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | Olivier Couvreur | Alpa FR90 | 1:58.960 | 1990 Monza French Formula Renault round |
| Group 5 | Harald Grohs | Porsche 935J | 2:01.800 | 1981 1000 km of Monza |
| 125cc | Bruno Casanova | Garelli 125 GP | 2:03.150 | 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix |
| 50cc | Eugenio Lazzarini | Garelli 50 GP | 2:27.760 | 1983 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1974–1976): 5.780 km |||||
| Group 6 prototype | Jean-Pierre Jarier | Alpine A442 | 1:29.600 | 1976 Monza 4 Hours |
| Group 5 prototype | Derek Bell | Mirage GR7 | 1:31.300 | 1974 1000km of Monza |
| Formula One | Clay Regazzoni | Ferrari 312T | 1:33.100 | 1975 Italian Grand Prix |
| F5000 | Peter Gethin | Chevron B28 | 1:37.400 | 1974 Monza F5000 round |
| Group 2 | Vittorio Brambilla | BMW 3.0 CSL | 1:41.300 | 1975 4 Hours of Monza |
| Formula Three | Luigino Grassi | Ralt RT1 | 1:49.200 | 1975 Monza European F3 round |
| Group 1 | Reine Wisell | Chevrolet Camaro Z28 | 1:51.650 | 1976 4 Hours of Monza |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1973): 5.775 km |||||
| Group 5 prototype | François Cevert | Matra-Simca MS670 | 1:21.900 | 1973 1000km of Monza |
| F1 | Jackie Stewart | Tyrrell 006 | 1:35.300 | 1973 Italian Grand Prix |
| Group 2 | Vittorio Brambilla Jochen Mass | BMW 3.0 CSL Ford Capri RS 2600 | 1:38.300 | 1973 4 Hours of Monza |
| Group 4 | Marcello Gallo | De Tomaso Pantera | 1:40.000 | 1973 6 Hours of Monza |
| Formula Two | Roger Williamson | March 732 | 1:41.000 | 1973 Monza F2 round |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1955–1959, 1962–1971): 5.750 km |||||
| F1 | Henri Pescarolo | March 711 | 1:23.800 | 1971 Italian Grand Prix |
| Group 5 sportscars | Pedro Rodríguez | Porsche 917K | 1:24.000 | 1971 1000km of Monza |
| F5000 | Frank Gardner | Lola T192 | 1:27.300 | 1971 Monza F5000 round |
| 500cc | Giacomo Agostini | MV Agusta 500 Three | 1:41:200 | 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 350cc | Giacomo Agostini | MV Agusta 350 3C | 1:44:100 | 1970 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 250cc | Bill Ivy | Yamaha 250 V4 | 1:45.700 | 1967 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 125cc | Gilberto Parlotti | Morbidelli 125 | 1:54.600 | 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 50cc | Jan de Vries | Kreidler 50 GP | 2:10.000 | 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| Oval Circuit (1955–1971): 4.250 km |||||
| USAC Indycar | Bob Veith | Kurtis Kraft 500G-Offenhauser | 0:54.000 | 1958 Race of Two Worlds |
| Combined Circuit (1955–1971): 10.000 km |||||
| F1 | Phil Hill | Ferrari 246 F1 | 2:43.600 | 1960 Italian Grand Prix |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1954): 6.300 km |||||
| F1 | Giuseppe Farina | Alfa Romeo 159M | 1:56.200 | 1951 Italian Grand Prix |
| 500cc | Geoff Duke | Gilera 500 4C | 2:04.600 | 1954 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 350cc | Fergus Anderson | Moto Guzzi e50 | 2:14.800 | 1954 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 250cc | Enrico Lorenzetti | Moto Guzzi 250 | 2:20.600 | 1953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| 125cc | Werner Haas | NSU 125 | 2:37.000 | 1953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix [it] |
| Florio Circuit (1938–1949): 6.993 km |||||
| GP | Hermann Lang | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 2:34.200 | 1938 Italian Grand Prix |
| Florio Circuit with temporary chicanes (1935–1937): 6.95 km |||||
| GP | Tazio Nuvolari | Alfa Romeo Monoposto Tipo-C "8C-35" | 2:49.800 | 1935 Italian Grand Prix |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1934): 4.330 km |||||
| GP | Hans Stuck | Auto Union Type A | 2:13.600 | 1934 Italian Grand Prix |
| Original Grand Prix Circuit (1922–1933): 10.000 km |||||
| GP | Luigi Fagioli | Alfa Romeo P3 | 3:13.200 | 1933 Italian Grand Prix |

## Deaths from crashes

* 1922 Fritz Kuhn (Austro-Daimler), killed during practice for the 1922 Italian Grand Prix
* 1923 Enrico Giaccone, riding as passenger in a Fiat 805 during private testing, with Pietro Bordino driving
* 1923 Ugo Sivocci (Alfa Romeo P1), killed during practice for the 1923 Italian Grand Prix
* 1924 Count Louis Zborowski (Mercedes), killed after crashing into a tree at Lesmo during the 1924 Italian Grand Prix
* 1928 Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators killed after Materassi crashed his Talbot into the grandstand during the 1928 Italian Grand Prix
* 1931 Luigi Arcangeli (Alfa Romeo), killed after crashing at Lesmo during practice for the 1931 Italian Grand Prix
* 1933 Giuseppe Campari (Alfa Romeo Tipo B 2.6 litre), Mario Umberto Borzacchini (Maserati 8C-3000) and Stanislas Czaykowski (Bugatti), killed after crashing at the south banking during the 1933 Monza Grand Prix
* 1954 Rupert Hollaus, killed during practice during the Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
* 1955 Alberto Ascari, killed during private testing at the Vialone, which is now the Ascari chicane, driving a Ferrari 750 Monza, just four days after his harbour crash in the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix
* 1961 Wolfgang von Trips and 14 spectators killed after von Trips collided with Jim Clark approaching the Parabolica on the second lap of the 1961 Italian Grand Prix
* 1965 Bruno Deserti, killed during Ferrari official test prior to Le Mans in a Ferrari P2/3 4000 cc
* 1965 Tommy Spychiger, killed during 1000K Sports car race in Ferrari 365P2 at the Parabolica
* 1970 Jochen Rindt, killed after crashing at the Parabolica during practice for the 1970 Italian Grand Prix
* 1973 Renzo Pasolini, Jarno Saarinen killed in a mass crash at the Curva Grande during the 250 cc class of the Nations Grand Prix (Prior to 1990, the Italian round was called the Nations Grand Prix)
* 1973 Carlo Chionio, Renzo Colombini and Renato Galtrucco during a race for 500 cc Juniores Italian motorcycle championship
* 1974 Silvio Moser, died in hospital one month after suffering injuries at the 1000 km Monza race
* 1978 Ronnie Peterson, died in hospital after crashing during the start of the 1978 Italian Grand Prix
* 1998 Michael Paquay, Belgian motorbike racer, died after a crash in practice for the Italian round of World Supersport Championships, Honda CBR 600
* 2000 Paolo Gislimberti, a marshal hit by debris from a first-lap accident at the Roggia chicane during the Italian Grand Prix

## Previous track configurations

* Original circuit (1922–1933)
* Florio circuit (1935–1938)
* 2nd variation (1948–1954)
* 3rd variation (Combined circuit) (1955–1965)
* 3rd variation (Oval circuit) (1955–1969)
* 4th variation (Road circuit) (1957–1959, 1962–1971)
* 1000 km circuit (combined circuit with chicanes) (1966–1969)
* 5th variation (1972–1973)
* 6th variation (1974–1975)
* 7th variation (1976–1993)
* 8th variation (1994–1999)
* 9th variation (2000–present)

## Events
### Current

* March: Ferrari Challenge Europe
* April: F2000 Italian Formula Trophy Monza Historic
* June: GT World Challenge Europe, TCR World Tour, Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe, Italian GT Championship, TCR Italian Series, Italian F4 Championship, Indy Autonomous Challenge, McLaren Trophy Europe
* July: Eurocup-3, BOSS GP
* September: Formula One Italian Grand Prix, FIA Formula 2 Championship, FIA Formula 3 Championship, Porsche Supercup
* October: International GT Open, Euroformula Open Championship, Formula Regional European Championship, Euro 4 Championship, GB3 Championship, Renault Clio Cup Europe, GT Cup Open Europe, Porsche Carrera Cup Italia [it]
* December: Monza Rally Show

### Former

* 24H Series
** 12 Hours of Monza (2020, 2023)
* Acceleration 2014 (2014)
* Alpine Elf Cup Series (2022, 2024)
* Auto GP (1999–2005, 2007, 2009–2014, 2016)
* BMW M1 Procar Championship (1979)
* BPR Global GT Series (1995–1996)
* British Formula 3 International Series (2005, 2007–2008, 2011–2012)
* Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2021)
* DTM Trophy (2021)
* Eurocup Mégane Trophy (2005)
* European Formula 5000 Championship (1970–1971, 1974)
* European Formula Two Championship (1973)
* European Le Mans Series
** 4 Hours of Monza (2004–2005, 2007–2008, 2017–2022)
* European Touring Car Championship (1964–1986, 1988, 2000–2001, 2003–2004)
* European Touring Car Cup (2012–2013, 2017)
* EuroV8 Series (2014)
* F1 Academy (2023)
* Ferrari Challenge Finali Mondiali (2001, 2004, 2006, 2018)
* FFSA GT Championship (2001)
* FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1980, 1982–1984)
* FIA Formula 3 European Championship (2013, 2015, 2017)
* FIA Formula Two Championship (2010–2012)
* FIA GT Championship (1999–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2008)
* FIA Sportscar Championship (1999–2001, 2003)
* FIA World Endurance Championship
** 6 Hours of Monza (2021–2023)
* FIM Endurance World Championship (1964–1965, 1985, 1987)
* Formula BMW Europe (2008–2010)
* Formula Palmer Audi (2003–2005)
* Formula Renault 2.0 Alps (2011–2015)
* Formula Renault Eurocup (1995–2001, 2004–2005, 2016–2020)
* Formula Renault V6 Eurocup (2003–2004)
* French F4 Championship (2009, 2017, 2021)
* French Formula Renault Championship (1990, 1995, 1999)
* French Formula Three Championship (1978)
* GP2 Series
** Monza GP2 round (2005–2016)
* GP3 Series (2010–2018)
* Grand Prix motorcycle racing
** Italian motorcycle Grand Prix (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987)
* GT2 European Series (2021, 2023–2024)
* GT4 European Series (2008, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023–2024)
* International Formula 3000 (1988, 1990, 2001–2004)
* International Formula Master (2005–2008)
* International GTSprint Series (2011–2013)
* Italian Formula Renault Championship (2000–2012)
* Italian Formula Three Championship (1971–1993, 1995, 2002–2005, 2007–2012)
* Le Mans Cup (2017–2022)
* Ligier European Series (2020–2022)
* Monza Grand Prix (1922, 1929–1933, 1948–1952, 1980)
* NASCAR Whelen Euro Series (2013)
* Porsche Carrera Cup France (2001, 2010, 2021, 2023)
* Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (1987–1988, 2021)
* Race of Two Worlds (1957–1958)
* SEAT León Eurocup (2008, 2010, 2014–2015)
* Sidecar World Championship (1949–1957, 1965, 1967, 1999–2003)
* Superbike World Championship (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013)
* Superleague Formula (2009)
* Supersport World Championship (1997–2013)
* Superstars Series (2004–2005, 2007–2013)
* TCR Eastern Europe Trophy (2019)
* TCR Europe Series (2018–2023)
* TCR International Series (2015, 2017)
* Trofeo Maserati (2003–2006, 2010–2011)
* World Rally Championship
** Rally Monza (2020–2021)
* World Series Formula V8 3.5 (1999–2003, 2005, 2007–2008, 2011, 2013–2014, 2016–2017)
* World Sportscar Championship (1963–1975, 1980–1988, 1990–1992)
* World Touring Car Championship
** FIA WTCC Race of Italy (2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017)

### Special

* Nike Breaking2