# Chris Sanders

Christopher Michael Sanders (born March 12, 1962) is an American filmmaker, animator, and voice actor. His credits include Lilo & Stitch (2002) and How to Train Your Dragon (2010), both of which he co-wrote and directed with Dean DeBlois; The Croods (2013) with Kirk DeMicco; and The Wild Robot (2024), receiving nominations for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for all of them. In 2020, he made his live-action directorial debut with the adventure-drama The Call of the Wild. He created the character Stitch in 1985, wrote the film's story, and voiced Stitch in almost all his media appearances.

## Early life

Sanders was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado on March 12, 1962.
He had been interested in comic strips and filmmaking from an early age. He was the only one of three siblings in his family to borrow his father's Super 8 film camera and, with encouragement from his father towards his drawing interests, make his own comics. He later got interested in animation upon learning about the camera's single-frame feature.
He went to Arvada High School in Arvada, Colorado. He initially wanted to take art classes at the school, but was dissuaded when he asked the art teacher to teach him cartooning, only for the teacher to reply, "Comics aren't art." Sanders later attended the California Institute of the Arts, graduating in 1984.

## Career
### Walt Disney Feature Animation

Sanders began his career as a character designer for Jim Henson's Muppet Babies. He then served as lead storyboard artist for Walt Disney Feature Animation, and was a storyboard artist, artistic director, production designer, and character designer on the company's films Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, The Lion King, and Mulan.
In 1985, Sanders created a character named "Stitch" for an unsuccessful children's book pitch. When Sanders was the head storyboard artist for Disney Feature Animation, then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner decided that, in the wake of a number of high-profile and large-budget Disney animated features during the mid-1990s, the studio might try its hand at a smaller and less expensive film. Chris Sanders was approached by Thomas Schumacher to pitch that idea, and Sanders reused the "Stitch" character he came up with. The storyline required a remote, non-urban location, so Sanders chose Kauaʻi as the location. Stitch became the central character of the 2002 film Lilo & Stitch, which Sanders co-directed and co-wrote with Dean DeBlois. Sanders would also end up voicing the character he created for the film. The film's commercial and critical success spawned a franchise with three sequel films and three television series, with Sanders reprising his role of Stitch throughout the original 2002–06 run of the franchise (Sanders did not reprise his role for the English dub of the anime Stitch! or the English-language-produced Chinese animated series Stitch & Ai, with Ben Diskin taking over the role for both series), as well in several later Disney crossover works such as Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, Kinect: Disneyland Adventures, and the Disney Infinity series.
In the late 1980s, Sanders created an allegorical picture book entitled The Big Bear Aircraft Company, with the subheading "A book for the big retreat" clarifying that it was created for a Disney offsite event. The Big Bear Aircraft Company is a thinly disguised version of Disney itself, and the book is critical of the creative process at the company, which prioritized "big ideas, figuring they will be big successes" and noted that if proposed aircraft (i.e., movie ideas) "don't look the same as the ones [that were] built before, [the boss, Big Bear] gets uncomfortable." After handing each idea pitched by the "visual engineer" to a writer who "likes airplanes" but "has actually never worked on one before, and couldn't tell you for sure what makes one fly", the story states the assigned writer "is guaranteed of making the same mistakes every time. He will make his airplane look like every one he's seen before ..." In the end, the head of the company, Big Bear, gets an airplane that is "a lot like last year's; not very inspiring and not very memorable. But people bought it before, and they'll probably buy it again. By playing it safe, he's insured his company's survival." However, since it is not the only aircraft company, these policies are destined to leave the company vulnerable to more imaginative competitors "with its wings of good reputation all shot off." The story concludes that Big Bear should instead give the visual engineers "the two things they need to do their job: Bear's trust and time" to allow smaller, more innovative ideas to flourish. Years later, to explain his motivation regarding the piece, Sanders wrote about his concern over "the ever-growing complexity of our films, and what I saw as an emerging pattern they were all cut from", citing the example that during the story development for Mulan, one of the major concerns was the manner of the villain's death rather than the idea that the villain had to die at all. This in turn motivated him to develop Lilo & Stitch, which he summarized as "a story about a villain who becomes a hero."
By December 2006, Sanders had been removed as the director of the upcoming Disney animated film American Dog by John Lasseter. By March 2007, Sanders had been negotiating his exit from Disney. After the departure of Sanders from Disney, directing duties were handed to Chris Williams and Byron Howard, and the film was retitled Bolt. Sanders later stated he had no ill will over being removed from the film, and hoped he could revisit some of his ideas in the future. He approved of the final film and the changes made, stating: "I think it would have been frustrating if the movie were essentially the same but with only slight changes. And I suppose my scenes and storylines are still sitting there on the shelf. I could actually pull them out and do them again. But it would be completely different." Despite his departure from Disney, Sanders continues to voice Stitch in all official Disney media except for the aforementioned Eastern-produced shows.

### DreamWorks Animation

By March 2007, Sanders had moved to DreamWorks Animation and had then taken over as director on Crood Awakening (later renamed to The Croods), a project previously in co-production with Aardman Animations before their departure from DreamWorks. At the time, Sanders said about the move: "I've been so anxious to start working on things, and so I talked to a lot of people... I like the way DreamWorks looks at animation. Animation still has a lot of different places to go, and I don't want to miss out on a chance to try some new things with it."
On September 24, 2008, it was reported that Sanders and DeBlois would be screenwriting and directing How to Train Your Dragon for DreamWorks Animation. The film was released on March 26, 2010, and was a huge success with both critics and at the box office, grossing nearly $500 million worldwide. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Score at the 83rd Academy Awards. The movie also won ten Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature.
After completing How to Train Your Dragon, Sanders returned to The Croods, which was released on March 22, 2013. He shared directing and writing credits with Kirk DeMicco, who had joined in the middle of production. The film proved to be a success, grossing over $500 million. Sanders and DeMicco then worked on The Croods sequel for three and a half years, before its cancellation in late 2016. However, the sequel was revived in September 2017, although with Joel Crawford replacing both Sanders and DeMicco as director. After the sequel was out, now titled The Croods: A New Age, Sanders and DeMicco were both credited for the story while Sanders reprised his role as Belt.

### 20th Century Studios/return to Disney

In October 2017, it was announced that Sanders would be directing a new film adaptation of the 1903 Jack London novel The Call of the Wild for 20th Century Fox. The film, his live-action and solo directorial debut, was released in February 2020. The film received mixed critical reception, with a 63% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes (as of March 2024), making it the lowest-received film in Sanders's directorial career thus far, and grossed $107.6 million on a budget of $125–$150 million, becoming Sanders's first directorial box-office bomb.
While it was speculated in February 2020 that Sanders would reprise his voice role of Stitch in the live-action remake of Lilo & Stitch, he claimed in a September 2022 interview that Disney had not yet approached him on reprising the role, although he stated that he was always open to returning to voice his creation. In April 2023, it was confirmed he would reprise his role in the remake, which will be released in 2025. Sanders would ultimately do five voice recordings for the film, each session taking about four hours, which was hard for him to maintain his "Stitch voice" for such long period of time.

### Return to DreamWorks

On September 28, 2023, it was revealed that Sanders would return to DreamWorks Animation to write and direct an animated film adaptation of Peter Brown's book series The Wild Robot. The film was released in September 2024 to critical acclaim. The following month, Sanders confirmed that he would be directing a sequel to the film.

## Personal life

Sanders is married to wife Jessica Steele-Sanders. Together, they wrote an illustrated novel, titled Rescue Sirens: The Search for the Atavist (2015). Sanders was previously thought to be gay by his colleagues in the industry, when in reality that was his gay screenwriting partner Dean DeBlois. In September 2023, Sanders filed for divorce citing "irreconcilable differences", although he remains married to Steele-Sanders as of June 2024. Sanders also previously drew the webcomic Kiskaloo.
According to Phineas and Ferb co-creator Dan Povenmire, Sanders has a daughter named Nicole.

## Filmography
### Films
#### Filmmaking credits

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Other | Notes |
| 1998 | Mulan | No | Yes | Yes | story supervisor |
| 1999 | Fantasia 2000 | No | Concept | No | Segment "Pines of Rome" |
| 2002 | Lilo & Stitch | Yes | Yes | Yes | with Dean DeBlois; character designer |
| 2010 | How to Train Your Dragon | Yes | Yes | No | with Dean DeBlois |
| 2013 | The Croods | Yes | Yes | No | with Kirk DeMicco |
| 2020 | The Call of the Wild | Yes | No | No | live action and solo directorial debut |
| 2020 | The Croods: A New Age | No | Story | No | |
| 2024 | The Wild Robot | Yes | Yes | No | |

#### Animation department

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1988 | Garfield: His 9 Lives | animation stylist (segment "Diana's Piano") |
| 1990 | The Rescuers Down Under | storyboard artist / character designer / visual development |
| 1991 | Beauty and the Beast | storyboard artist / visual development artist |
| 1992 | Aladdin | storyboard artist |
| 1994 | The Lion King | storyboard artist / production designer |

#### Executive producer only

| Year | Title |
| 2014 | How to Train Your Dragon 2 |
| 2019 | How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World |
| 2025 | How to Train Your Dragon |

#### Voice acting credits

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1998 | Mulan | Little Brother | |
| 1999 | Tarzan | Baby Baboon | |
| 2002 | Lilo & Stitch | Stitch | Credited as "Christopher Michael Sanders" |
| 2003 | Stitch! The Movie | Stitch | direct-to-video |
| 2003–2006 | Lilo & Stitch: The Series | Stitch, Experiment 627 | television series |
| 2004 | The Lion King 1½ | Stitch | direct-to-video, archive audio |
| 2004 | Stitch's Great Escape! | Stitch | theme park attraction |
| 2005 | Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch | Stitch | direct-to-video |
| 2005 | The Origin of Stitch | Stitch | direct-to-video short |
| 2006 | Leroy & Stitch | Stitch, Leroy, Leroy Clones | direct-to-video |
| 2013 | The Croods | Belt | |
| 2014 | Penguins of Madagascar | Antarctic Penguin | |
| 2020 | The Croods: A New Age | Belt | |
| 2023 | Once Upon a Studio | Stitch | short film, archive audio |
| 2025 | Lilo & Stitch | Stitch | Post-production |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Episodes | Credited as |
| 1984-1988 | Muppet Babies | 60 | model designer |
| 1985 | Little Muppet Monsters | 1 ("In the Beginning") | model designer |
| 1986-1987 | The Glo Friends | 26 | model designer |
| 1996 | Quack Pack | 2 | storyboard artist |
| 1998-1999 | Histeria! | 16 | storyboard artist |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Voice role | Notes |
| 1999 | Tarzan Activity Center | Baby Baboon | |
| 1999 | Tarzan | Baby Baboon | |
| 2002 | Disney's Lilo & Stitch | Stitch | Vocal effects only |
| 2002 | Lilo & Stitch: Trouble in Paradise | Stitch | |
| 2002 | Disney's Stitch: Experiment 626 | Stitch | |
| 2002 | Lilo & Stitch: Hawaiian Adventure | Stitch | |
| 2003 | Lilo & Stitch's Island of Adventures | Stitch | |
| 2005 | Kingdom Hearts II | Stitch | English version (including add-on Final Mix+ in 2007) |
| 2008 | Disney Think Fast | Stitch | |
| 2010 | Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep | Stitch | English version |
| 2011 | Kinect: Disneyland Adventures | Stitch | |
| 2013 | Disney Magical World | Stitch | |
| 2014 | Disney Infinity 2.0 | Stitch | |
| 2015 | Disney Infinity 3.0 | Stitch | Reused audio from Disney Infinity 2.0 |
| 2023 | Disney Speedstorm | Stitch | Released in early access in April 2023 and fully released in September 2023; Stitch added in a July/August 2023 update |
| 2023 | Disney Dreamlight Valley | Stitch | Released in early access in 2022; Stitch added in a December 2022 update |

## Selected awards and nominations

| Ceremony | Year | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| Academy Awards | 2003 | Best Animated Feature | Lilo & Stitch | Nominated |
| Academy Awards | 2011 | Best Animated Feature | How to Train Your Dragon | Nominated |
| Academy Awards | 2014 | Best Animated Feature | The Croods | Nominated |
| Academy Awards | 2025 | Best Animated Feature | The Wild Robot | Nominated |
| Annie Awards | 1998 | Outstanding Writing in a Feature Production | Mulan | Won |
| Annie Awards | 1998 | Outstanding Storyboarding in a Feature Production | Mulan | Won |
| Annie Awards | 2003 | Outstanding Directing in a Feature Production | Lilo & Stitch | Nominated |
| Annie Awards | 2003 | Outstanding Writing in a Feature Production | Lilo & Stitch | Nominated |
| Annie Awards | 2003 | Outstanding Character Animation in a Feature Production | Lilo & Stitch | Nominated |
| Annie Awards | 2011 | Outstanding Directing in a Feature Production | How to Train Your Dragon | Won |
| Annie Awards | 2011 | Outstanding Writing in a Feature Production | How to Train Your Dragon | Won |
| Annie Awards | 2014 | Outstanding Directing in a Feature Production | The Croods | Nominated |
| Annie Awards | 2025 | Outstanding Directing in a Feature Production | The Wild Robot | Won |
| BAFTA Awards | 2011 | Best Animated Film | How to Train Your Dragon | Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards | 2025 | Best Animated Film | The Wild Robot | Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards | 2025 | Best Children's & Family Film | The Wild Robot | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | 2003 | Best Animated Feature | Lilo & Stitch | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | 2011 | Best Animated Feature | How to Train Your Dragon | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | 2014 | Best Animated Feature | The Croods | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | 2025 | Best Animated Feature | The Wild Robot | Won |
| Golden Globe Awards | 2011 | Best Animated Feature Film | How to Train Your Dragon | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | 2014 | Best Animated Feature Film | The Croods | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | 2025 | Best Animated Feature Film | The Wild Robot | Nominated |