# Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave

The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 28 February 1933) were eligible to participate in the conclave. Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).
Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave. Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was 77.
Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of 79, and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of 53. Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.
The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013. On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.

## Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD), with precedence in that sequence. This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots. For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
Four of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Antonios Naguib (Coptic), Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite), George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar) and Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara). Raï and Thottunkal were the first cardinals from their respective churches to participate in a conclave. The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon), were, respectively, Giovanni Battista Re, Godfried Danneels, Jean-Louis Tauran and James Michael Harvey. The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Tarcisio Bertone.
The data below are as of 28 February 2013, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.
| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory | Office |
| 1 | Giovanni Battista Re | Italy | 30 January 1934 (age 79) | CB | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops |
| 2 | Tarcisio Bertone SDB | Italy | 2 December 1934 (age 78) | CB | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church |
| 3 | Antonios Naguib | Egypt | 18 March 1935 (age 77) | CB | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria (Coptic Church) |
| 4 | Béchara Boutros Raï OMM | Lebanon | 25 February 1940 (age 73) | CB | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church) |
| 5 | Godfried Danneels | Belgium | 4 June 1933 (age 79) | CP | 2 February 1983 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels |
| 6 | Joachim Meisner | Germany | 25 December 1933 (age 79) | CP | 2 February 1983 John Paul II | Archbishop of Cologne |
| 7 | Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez | Dominican Republic | 31 October 1936 (age 76) | CP | 28 June 1991 John Paul II | Archbishop of Santo Domingo |
| 8 | Roger Michael Mahony | United States | 27 February 1936 (age 77) | CP | 28 June 1991 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles |
| 9 | Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino | Cuba | 18 October 1936 (age 76) | CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II | Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana |
| 10 | Jean-Claude Turcotte | Canada | 26 June 1936 (age 76) | CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Montreal |
| 11 | Vinko Puljić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 September 1945 (age 67) | CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II | Archbishop of Vrhbosna |
| 12 | Juan Sandoval Íñiguez | Mexico | 28 March 1933 (age 79) | CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara |
| 13 | Antonio María Rouco Varela | Spain | 20 August 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop of Madrid |
| 14 | Dionigi Tettamanzi | Italy | 14 March 1934 (age 78) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Milan |
| 15 | Polycarp Pengo | Tanzania | 5 August 1944 (age 68) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam |
| 16 | Christoph Schönborn OP | Austria | 22 January 1945 (age 68) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop of Vienna |
| 17 | Norberto Rivera Carrera | Mexico | 6 June 1942 (age 70) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop of Mexico |
| 18 | Francis Eugene George OMI | United States | 16 January 1937 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II | Archbishop of Chicago |
| 19 | Zenon Grocholewski | Poland | 11 October 1939 (age 73) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education |
| 20 | Crescenzio Sepe | Italy | 2 June 1943 (age 69) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Naples |
| 21 | Walter Kasper | Germany | 5 March 1933 (age 79) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity |
| 22 | Ivan Dias | India | 14 April 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples |
| 23 | Geraldo Majella Agnelo | Brazil | 19 October 1933 (age 79) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia |
| 24 | Audrys Juozas Bačkis | Lithuania | 1 February 1937 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Vilnius |
| 25 | Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch | Chile | 5 September 1933 (age 79) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile |
| 26 | Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSsR | Bolivia | 7 March 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra |
| 27 | Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM | South Africa | 8 March 1941 (age 71) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Durban |
| 28 | Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB | Honduras | 29 December 1942 (age 70) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Tegucigalpa |
| 29 | Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne | Peru | 28 December 1943 (age 69) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Lima |
| 30 | Cláudio Hummes OFM | Brazil | 8 August 1934 (age 78) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy |
| 31 | Jorge Mario Bergoglio SJ* | Argentina | 17 December 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop of Buenos Aires |
| 32 | José da Cruz Policarpo | Portugal | 26 February 1936 (age 77) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Patriarch of Lisbon |
| 33 | Severino Poletto | Italy | 18 March 1933 (age 79) | CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Turin |
| 34 | Karl Lehmann | Germany | 16 May 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Bishop of Mainz |
| 35 | Angelo Scola | Italy | 7 November 1941 (age 71) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Milan |
| 36 | Anthony Olubunmi Okogie | Nigeria | 16 June 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Lagos |
| 37 | Gabriel Zubeir Wako | Sudan | 27 February 1941 (age 72) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Khartoum |
| 38 | Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM | Spain | 23 August 1934 (age 78) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Seville |
| 39 | Justin Francis Rigali | United States | 19 April 1935 (age 77) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia |
| 40 | Ennio Antonelli | Italy | 18 November 1936 (age 76) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family |
| 41 | Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson | Ghana | 11 October 1948 (age 64) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace |
| 42 | Telesphore Placidus Toppo | India | 15 October 1939 (age 73) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Ranchi |
| 43 | George Pell | Australia | 8 June 1941 (age 71) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Sydney |
| 44 | Josip Bozanić | Croatia | 20 March 1949 (age 63) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Zagreb |
| 45 | Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn | Vietnam | 5 March 1934 (age 78) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City |
| 46 | Philippe Barbarin | France | 17 October 1950 (age 62) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Lyon |
| 47 | Péter Erdő | Hungary | 25 June 1952 (age 60) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest |
| 48 | Marc Ouellet PSS | Canada | 8 June 1944 (age 68) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops |
| 49 | Agostino Vallini | Italy | 17 April 1940 (age 72) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran |
| 50 | Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino | Venezuela | 28 August 1942 (age 70) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Caracas |
| 51 | Jean-Pierre Ricard | France | 25 September 1944 (age 68) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Bordeaux |
| 52 | Antonio Cañizares Llovera | Spain | 15 October 1945 (age 67) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments |
| 53 | Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap | United States | 29 June 1944 (age 68) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Boston |
| 54 | Stanisław Dziwisz | Poland | 27 April 1939 (age 73) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Kraków |
| 55 | Carlo Caffarra | Italy | 1 June 1938 (age 74) | CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Bologna |
| 56 | Seán Baptist Brady | Ireland | 16 August 1939 (age 73) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Armagh |
| 57 | Lluís Martínez Sistach | Spain | 29 April 1937 (age 75) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Barcelona |
| 58 | André Vingt-Trois | France | 7 November 1942 (age 70) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Paris |
| 59 | Angelo Bagnasco | Italy | 14 January 1943 (age 70) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Genoa |
| 60 | Théodore-Adrien Sarr | Senegal | 28 November 1936 (age 76) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Dakar |
| 61 | Oswald Gracias | India | 24 December 1944 (age 68) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Bombay |
| 62 | Francisco Robles Ortega | Mexico | 2 March 1949 (age 63) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Guadalajara |
| 63 | Daniel Nicholas DiNardo | United States | 23 May 1949 (age 63) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Galveston–Houston |
| 64 | Odilo Pedro Scherer | Brazil | 21 September 1949 (age 63) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of São Paulo |
| 65 | John Njue | Kenya | 1 January 1946 (age 67) | CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Nairobi |
| 66 | Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga | Ecuador | 1 January 1934 (age 79) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop emeritus of Quito |
| 67 | Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 7 October 1939 (age 73) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Kinshasa |
| 68 | Paolo Romeo | Italy | 20 February 1938 (age 75) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Palermo |
| 69 | Donald William Wuerl | United States | 12 November 1940 (age 72) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Washington |
| 70 | Raymundo Damasceno Assis | Brazil | 15 February 1937 (age 76) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Aparecida |
| 71 | Kazimierz Nycz | Poland | 1 February 1950 (age 63) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Warsaw |
| 72 | Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don | Sri Lanka | 15 November 1947 (age 65) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Colombo |
| 73 | Reinhard Marx | Germany | 21 September 1953 (age 59) | CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Munich and Freising |
| 74 | George Alencherry | India | 19 April 1945 (age 67) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church) |
| 75 | Thomas Christopher Collins | Canada | 16 January 1947 (age 66) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Toronto |
| 76 | Dominik Duka OP | Czech Republic | 26 April 1943 (age 69) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Prague |
| 77 | Willem Jacobus Eijk | Netherlands | 22 June 1953 (age 59) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Utrecht |
| 78 | Giuseppe Betori | Italy | 25 February 1947 (age 66) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Florence |
| 79 | Timothy Michael Dolan | United States | 6 February 1950 (age 63) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of New York |
| 80 | Rainer Maria Woelki | Germany | 18 August 1956 (age 56) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Berlin |
| 81 | John Tong Hon | China (Hong Kong) | 31 July 1939 (age 73) | CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Bishop of Hong Kong |
| 82 | Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal | India | 15 June 1959 (age 53) | CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church) |
| 83 | John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan | Nigeria | 29 January 1944 (age 69) | CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Abuja |
| 84 | Rubén Salazar Gómez | Colombia | 22 September 1942 (age 70) | CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Bogotá |
| 85 | Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle | Philippines | 21 June 1957 (age 55) | CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Archbishop of Manila |
| 86 | Jean-Louis Tauran | France | 5 April 1943 (age 69) | CD | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (Protodeacon) |
| 87 | Attilio Nicora | Italy | 16 March 1937 (age 75) | CD | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi and President of the Financial Information Authority |
| 88 | William Joseph Levada | United States | 15 June 1936 (age 76) | CD | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith |
| 89 | Franc Rodé CM | Slovenia | 23 September 1934 (age 78) | CD | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI | Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life |
| 90 | Leonardo Sandri | Argentina | 18 November 1943 (age 69) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches |
| 91 | Giovanni Lajolo | Italy | 3 January 1935 (age 78) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State |
| 92 | Paul Josef Cordes | Germany | 5 September 1934 (age 78) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum |
| 93 | Angelo Comastri | Italy | 17 September 1943 (age 69) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter |
| 94 | Stanisław Ryłko | Poland | 4 July 1945 (age 67) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity |
| 95 | Raffaele Farina SDB | Italy | 24 September 1933 (age 79) | CD | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI | Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church |
| 96 | Angelo Amato SDB | Italy | 8 June 1938 (age 74) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints |
| 97 | Robert Sarah | Guinea | 15 June 1945 (age 67) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum |
| 98 | Francesco Monterisi | Italy | 28 May 1934 (age 78) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls |
| 99 | Raymond Leo Burke | United States | 30 June 1948 (age 64) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura |
| 100 | Kurt Koch | Switzerland | 15 March 1950 (age 62) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity |
| 101 | Paolo Sardi | Italy | 1 September 1934 (age 78) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
| 102 | Mauro Piacenza | Italy | 15 September 1944 (age 68) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy |
| 103 | Velasio De Paolis CS | Italy | 19 September 1935 (age 77) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See |
| 104 | Gianfranco Ravasi | Italy | 18 October 1942 (age 70) | CD | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council for Culture |
| 105 | Fernando Filoni | Italy | 15 April 1946 (age 66) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples |
| 106 | Manuel Monteiro de Castro | Portugal | 29 March 1938 (age 74) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Major Penitentiary |
| 107 | Santos Abril y Castelló | Spain | 21 September 1935 (age 77) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major |
| 108 | Antonio Maria Vegliò | Italy | 3 February 1938 (age 75) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People |
| 109 | Giuseppe Bertello | Italy | 1 October 1942 (age 70) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State |
| 110 | Francesco Coccopalmerio | Italy | 6 March 1938 (age 74) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts |
| 111 | João Braz de Aviz | Brazil | 24 April 1947 (age 65) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life |
| 112 | Edwin Frederick O'Brien | United States | 8 April 1939 (age 73) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre |
| 113 | Domenico Calcagno | Italy | 3 February 1943 (age 70) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See |
| 114 | Giuseppe Versaldi | Italy | 30 July 1943 (age 69) | CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI | President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See |
| 115 | James Michael Harvey | United States | 20 October 1949 (age 63) | CD | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI | Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls |

### Not in attendance

| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory | Office | Reason for absence | Refs. |
| 1 | Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ | Indonesia | 20 December 1934 (age 78) | CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta | Health (deteriorating eyesight) | |
| 2 | Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien | United Kingdom | 17 March 1938 (age 74) | CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II | Archbishop emeritus of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh | Personal (following allegations of sexual misconduct) | |

## Cardinal electors by continent and by country

The 115 attending cardinal electors represented 48 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-eight), the United States (eleven) and Germany (six).