# Progressivism

Progressivism is a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform – primarily based on purported advancements in social organization, science, and technology. Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of the belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new empirical knowledge.
In modern political discourse, progressivism is often associated with social liberalism, a left-leaning type of liberalism, and social democracy. Within economic progressivism, there is some ideological variety on the social liberal to social democrat continuum, as well as occasionally some variance on cultural issues; examples of this include some Christian democrat and conservative-leaning communitarian movements. While many ideologies can fall under the banner of progressivism, both the current and historical movement are characterized by a critique of unregulated capitalism, desiring a more active democratic government to take a role in safeguarding human rights, bringing about cultural development, and being a check-and-balance on corporate monopolies. There are differences in specific approaches between factions, including capitalist-leaning social liberals and social democrats versus some anti-capitalist democratic socialists.

## History
### From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution

* Immanuel Kant, German philosopher
* John Stuart Mill, English philosopher
Immanuel Kant identified progress as being a movement away from barbarism toward civilization. 18th-century philosopher and political scientist Marquis de Condorcet predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery, the rise of literacy, the lessening of sex inequality, reform of prisons, which at the time were harsh, and the decline of poverty.
Modernity or modernisation was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by classical liberals in the 19th and 20th centuries, who called for the rapid modernisation of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to free markets and the free movements of people.
In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the Western world that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated laissez-faire capitalism with out-of-control monopolistic corporations, intense and often violent conflict between capitalists and workers, with a need for measures to address these problems. Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Social liberalism was influenced by British liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill's conception of people being "progressive beings." British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli developed progressive conservatism under one-nation Toryism.
In France, the space between social revolution and the socially conservative laissez-faire centre-right was filled with the emergence of radicalism which thought that social progress required anti-clericalism, humanism, and republicanism. Especially anti-clericalism was the dominant influence on the centre-left in many French- and Romance-speaking countries until the mid-20th century. In Imperial Germany, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck enacted various progressive social welfare measures out of paternalistic conservative motivations to distance workers from the socialist movement of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the Industrial Revolution.
In 1891, the Roman Catholic Church encyclical Rerum novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII condemned the exploitation of labor and urged support for labor unions and government regulation of businesses in the interests of social justice while upholding the property right and criticising socialism. A progressive Protestant outlook called the Social Gospel emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and, by the mid-1890s, was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States.
Early 20th-century progressivism included support for American engagement in World War I and the creation of and participation in the League of Nations, compulsory sterilisation in Scandinavia, and eugenics in Great Britain, and the temperance movement. Progressives believed that progress was stifled by economic inequality, inadequately regulated monopolistic corporations, and conflict between workers and elites, arguing that corrective measures were needed.

### Contemporary political conception of the philosophy

* Theodore Roosevelt, 26th U.S. President
* Woodrow Wilson, 28th U.S. President
In the United States, progressivism began as an intellectual rebellion against the political philosophy of Constitutionalism as expressed by John Locke and the Founding Fathers of the American Republic, whereby the authority of government depends on observing limitations on its just powers. What began as a social movement in the 1890s grew into a popular political movement referred to as the Progressive Era; in the 1912 United States presidential election, all three U.S. presidential candidates claimed to be progressives. While the term progressivism represents a range of diverse political pressure groups, not always united, progressives rejected social Darwinism, believing that the problems society faced, such as class warfare, greed, poverty, racism and violence, could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed in a strong central government. President Theodore Roosevelt of the Republican Party and later the Progressive Party declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand."
President Woodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within the Democratic Party. Progressive stances have evolved. Imperialism was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States, where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it. In response to World War I, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticised imperialist competition and colonial injustices. Anti-imperialists supported these views in areas resisting imperial rule.
During the period of acceptance of economic Keynesianism (the 1930s–1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for state intervention in the economy. With the rise of neoliberalism and challenges to state interventionist policies in the 1970s and 1980s, centre-left progressive movements responded by adopting the Third Way, which emphasised a major role for the market economy.
There have been social democrats who have called for the social-democratic movement to move past Third Way. Prominent progressive conservative elements in the British Conservative Party have criticised neoliberalism.
In the 21st century, progressives continue to favour public policy that they theorise will reduce or lessen the harmful effects of economic inequality as well as systemic discrimination such as institutional racism; to advocate for social safety nets and workers' rights; and to oppose corporate influence on the democratic process. The unifying theme is to call attention to the negative impacts of current institutions or ways of doing things and to advocate for social progress, i.e., for positive change as defined by any of several standards such as the expansion of democracy, increased egalitarianism in the form of economic and social equality as well as improved well-being of a population. Proponents of social democracy have identified themselves as promoting the progressive cause.

## Types
### Cultural progressivism

Progressivism, in the general sense, mainly means social and cultural progressivism. The term cultural liberalism is used in a substantially similar context and can be said to be a synonym for cultural progressivism. Unlike progressives in a broader sense, some cultural progressives may be economically centrist, conservative, or politically libertarian. The Czech Pirate Party is classified as a (cultural or social) progressive party, and it calls itself "economically centrist and socially liberal".

### Economic progressivism

Economic progressivism—also New Progressive Economics—is a term used to distinguish it from progressivism in cultural fields. Economic progressives may draw from a variety of economic traditions, including democratic capitalism, democratic socialism, social democracy, and social liberalism. Overall, economic progressives' views are rooted in the concept of social justice and the common good, and aim to improve the human condition through government regulation, social protections and the maintenance of public goods. Some economic progressives may show centre-right views on cultural issues. These movements are related to communitarian conservative movements such as Christian democracy and one-nation conservatism.

### Techno progressivism

An early mention of techno-progressivism appeared in 1999 as the removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization". According to techno-progressivism, scientific and technical aspects of progress are linked to ethical and social developments in society. Therefore, according to the majority of techno-progressive viewpoints, advancements in science and technology will not be considered proper progress until and unless they are accompanied by a fair distribution of the costs, risks, and rewards of these new capabilities. Many techno-progressive critics and supporters believe that while improved democracy, increased justice, decreased violence, and a broader culture of rights are all desirable, they are insufficient on their own to address the problems of modern technological societies unless and until they are accompanied by scientific and technological advancements that uphold and apply these ideals.

## Progressive parties or parties with progressive factions

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### Current parties

* Afghanistan: Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
* Argentina: Union for the Homeland (factions)
* Australia: Australian Greens, Fusion Party, Reason Party, Australian Labor Party (factions)
* Belgium: Ecolo, Groen
* Brazil: Workers' Party, Brazilian Socialist Party (factions), Democratic Labour Party, Socialism and Liberty Party
* Canada: Liberal Party of Canada (factions), New Democratic Party, Canadian Future Party
* Chile: Broad Front, Liberal Party of Chile
* Colombia: Humane Colombia
* Croatia: Social Democratic Party
* Czech Republic: Czech Pirate Party
* France: Radical Party of the Left, New Deal
* Germany: Volt Germany,Alliance 90/The Greens, Party of Humanists
* Greece: Syriza, Course of Freedom
* Hungary: Democratic Coalition
* [[|]] Italy: Possible, Green Europe
* Indonesia: Green Party of Indonesia
* Japan: Social Democratic Party, Japanese Communist Party, Reiwa Shinsengumi
* Kosovo: Vetëvendosje
* Kuwait: Kuwaiti Progressive Movement
* Mexico: Morena, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Citizens' Movement
* Netherlands: Democrats 66, GroenLinks, PvdA
* Pakistan: Pakistan Peoples Party
* Peru: Purple Party
* Philippines: Akbayan
* Poland: Polish Initiative, New Left, Left Together, Polish Socialist Party, The Greens, Civic Platform (faction)
* Portugal: Socialist Party, Left Bloc, People Animals Nature, LIVRE, Volt Portugal
* Romania: Save Romania Union, Democracy and Solidarity Party, Volt Romania, Health Education Nature Sustainability Party
* Russia: Yabloko
* Serbia: Party of the Radical Left
* Singapore: Progress Singapore Party
* Slovakia: Progressive Slovakia
* South Korea: Justice Party, Progressive Party, Mirae Party
* Spain: Spanish Socialist Worker's Party, Más Madrid, Sumar, Republican Left of Catalonia
* Taiwan: Democratic Progressive Party, New Power Party, Taiwan People's Party (factions)
* Thailand: Thai Liberal Party, People's Party
* Turkey: Republican People's Party
* United Kingdom: Green Party of England and Wales, Labour Party (factions), Liberal Democrats (factions), Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Transform
* United States: Democratic Party (factions), Working Families Party, Green Party of the United States
* Venezuela: Popular Will

### Former parties

* Argentina: Front for Victory
* Canada: Progressive Party of Canada
* Chile: Social Convergence
* France: Movement Party, Opportunist Republicans
* Hong Kong: Demosisto
* Iran: Society for the Progress of Iran
* Israel: Meretz
* Japan: Japan Socialist Party
* Netherlands: Free-thinking Democratic League
* New Zealand: Jim Anderton's Progressive Party
* Pakistan: Sindh National Front
* Poland: Spring, Your Movement
* Romania: Romanian Social Party, National Union for the Progress of Romania
* South Korea: Progressive Party (1956), Democratic Labor Party, New Progressive Party, Unified Progressive Party
* Spain: Unidas Podemos
* Thailand: Move Forward Party
* United States: Progressive Party (1912), Progressive Party (1924), Progressive Party (1948)