# 2016 Serbian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 24 April 2016. Initially, the election were originally due to be held by March 2018, but on 17 January 2016 Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić called for a snap election claiming Serbia "needs four more years of stability so that it is ready to join the European Union". The elections were held simultaneously with provincial elections in Vojvodina and nationwide local elections.
Voter turnout was 56%. Vučić's Serbian Progressive Party-led coalition retained its majority, winning 131 of the 250 seats. In contrast to the 2014 elections, a record-breaking seven non-minority lists passed the 5% threshold. Several parties returned to the National Assembly, including the Serbian Radical Party, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Serbia, while three parties entered for the first time; the liberal Enough is Enough, the conservative Dveri (in coalition with the Democratic Party of Serbia) and the Green Party (as a Slovak ethnic minority list).
Vučić announced formation of the new government by early June. He stated that the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians were the only certain partners in the cabinet, and remained ambiguous about the future cooperation with the Socialist Party of Serbia, the coalition partners in the previous government. After a two-month delay, Vučić announced the new cabinet on 8 August, consisting of eight old and eight new ministers, retaining the coalition with the Socialist Party. The government was approved by the National Assembly on 10 August.

## Electoral system

The 250 members of the National Assembly are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency with a 5% electoral threshold (with the percentages calculated including the invalid and blank votes cast), although the threshold is disregarded for coalitions representing ethnic minorities. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method.

### Election in Kosovo

Serbia does not recognise Kosovo as an independent state and sees Kosovo as a province of Serbia. This meant that the Serbian government also wanted to count votes in Kosovo. However, the Kosovan government did not allow the Serbian Election Commission to organise election, deeming it a violation of its sovereignty. However, Kosovo recognises dual citizenship, which offered the possibility of its Serb citizens voting in Serbian elections. As a result, OSCE and the Kosovan government agreed that while Serbian election official would not have a role in the elections in Kosovo, five vote collection centres would be provided in different parts of Kosovo. Two of these were in the north and three in the south. OSCE guaranteed that the votes were collected accordingly in line with the rules and procedures. Corresponding arrangements had been made for previous Serbian parliamentary elections in 2012 and 2014.

## Campaign

In November 2014 Dveri and the Democratic Party of Serbia declared that they would contest the elections as the "Patriotic Bloc" alliance. In January 2015 PULS and SLS also joined the bloc.
On 19 February 2016, the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS) decided to leave the coalition with SPS, and sign an agreement with SNS, as did the SDPS.
DS, SDS and the LDP agreed to form a coalition called "Democratic Serbia - DS-LDP-SDS", with Dragoljub Mićunović as the leader. However, on 28 February DS leader Bojan Pajtić said that his party would not join the SDS and the LDP in a pre-election coalition.

## Electoral lists

The Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) published an official list of competing parties and coalitions.
| # | Ballot name | Ballot carrier | Main ideology | Political position | Note |
| 1 | Aleksandar Vučić – Serbia is WinningSNS (with NSS, USS, SDSS), SDPS, PS, PUPS, NS, PSS–BK, SNP, SPO | Aleksandar Vučić | Populism | Big tent | |
| 2 | For A Just Serbia – Democratic PartyDS, NS, RS, ŽZK, DSHV, ZZS, ZZŠ | Bojan Pajtić | Social democracy | Centre-left | |
| 3 | Ivica Dačić – SPS – JS – Dragan Marković Palma"SPS, JS, KP, ZS | Ivica Dačić | Populism | Big tent | |
| 4 | Dr Vojislav Šešelj – Serbian Radical PartySRS | Vojislav Šešelj | Ultranationalism | Far-right | |
| 5 | Dveri – DSS – Sanda Rašković Ivić – Boško ObradovićDveri, DSS, SLS, NSPM | Sanda Rašković Ivić | Conservatism | Right-wing to far-right | |
| 6 | Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians – István PásztorSVM | Bálint Pásztor | Minority interests | Centre-right | $^M$ |
| 7 | Boris Tadić, Čedomir Jovanović – Alliance for a Better Serbia – LDP, LSV, SDSLDP, LSV, SDS, NPS | Nenad Čanak | Social democracy | Centre-left | |
| 8 | Muamer Zukorlić – Bosniak Democratic Union of SandžakBDZS | Muamer Zukorlić | Minority interests | Minority interests | $^M$ |
| 9 | Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak – Dr Sulejman UgljaninSDAS | Sulejman Ugljanin | Minority interests | Right-wing | $^M$ |
| 10 | For a Free Serbia – Oathkeepers – Milica ĐurđevićSSZ | Božidar Zečević | Ultranationalism | Far-right | |
| 11 | Citizen's Group "For Serbia's Revival" – Prof Dr Slobodan KomazecZSP | Jovan Deretić | Conspiracy theorism | Right-wing | |
| 12 | Russian Party – Slobodan NikolićRS | Slobodan Nikolić | National conservatism | Right-wing | |
| 13 | Republican Party – Nikola SandulovićRS | Nikola Sandulović | Minority interests | Minority interests | $^M$ |
| 14 | Serbo-Russian Movement – Slobodan DimitrijevićIA, SL, SDF, PV, ML | Dragan Todorović | National conservatism | Right-wing | |
| 15 | Borko Stefanović – Serbia for all of usSL, PZP, SDU, NPA | Borko Stefanović | Social democracy | Centre-left | |
| 16 | Dialogue – Youth with a stance – Stanko DebeljakovićDialogue | Stanko Debeljaković | Liberalism | Centre | |
| 17 | Enough is Enough – Restart – Saša RadulovićDJB | Saša Radulović | Social liberalism | Centre | |
| 18 | Party for Democratic Action – Ardita SinaniPDD | Ardita Sinani | Minority interests | Centre-right | $^M$ |
| 19 | Green PartyZS | Goran Čabradi | Minority interests | Centre-left | $^M$ |
| 20 | Out of Spite – United for Serbia – National AllianceTS, NM | Vladan Glišić | National conservatism | Far-right | |
$^M$ — National minority list

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Serbia is Winning (SNS–SDPS–PUPS–NS–SPO–PS–PSS–NSS–SNP) | 1,823,147 | 49.71 | 131 | –39 |
| | SPS–JS–ZS | 413,770 | 11.28 | 29 | –4 |
| | Serbian Radical Party | 306,052 | 8.34 | 22 | +22 |
| | Enough is Enough | 227,626 | 6.21 | 16 | +16 |
| | For a Just Serbia (DS–NS–RS–DSHV–ZZS–ZZŠ) | 227,589 | 6.20 | 16 | –5 |
| | Dveri–Democratic Party of Serbia | 190,530 | 5.19 | 13 | +13 |
| | Alliance for a Better Serbia (LDP–LSV–SDS) | 189,564 | 5.17 | 13 | –2 |
| | VMSZ–VMDP | 56,620 | 1.54 | 4 | –2 |
| | Serbia for All of Us (PLS–PZP–NUPS–SDU) | 35,710 | 0.97 | 0 | New |
| | Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandžak | 32,526 | 0.89 | 2 | +2 |
| | Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak | 30,092 | 0.82 | 2 | –1 |
| | For A Free Serbia – Oathkeepers | 27,690 | 0.75 | 0 | New |
| | Green Party | 23,890 | 0.65 | 1 | New |
| | Out of spite – United for Serbia – National Alliance | 17,528 | 0.48 | 0 | New |
| | Party for Democratic Action | 16,262 | 0.44 | 1 | –1 |
| | Russian Party | 13,777 | 0.38 | 0 | 0 |
| | Citizen's Group – For Serb Revival | 13,260 | 0.36 | 0 | New |
| | Serbo-Russian Movement | 10,016 | 0.27 | 0 | New |
| | Dialogue – Youth with a Stance | 7,744 | 0.21 | 0 | New |
| | Republican Party | 4,522 | 0.12 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 3,667,915 | 100.00 | 250 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,667,915 | 97.06 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 111,008 | 2.94 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 3,778,923 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 6,739,441 | 56.07 | | |
| Source: RIK ||||||

## Aftermath

After the polls closed, it soon became clear that the Serbian Progressive Party would maintain its absolute majority in the Assembly, albeit with a smaller number of MPs, and that their partners, the Socialist Party of Serbia, would maintain their standing. However, the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) and organizations monitoring the election (such as CeSID) were cautious about the results of most other lists, as they hovered around the 5% threshold. For a while, it looked as if all seven main contestants would pass the threshold, but as the Commission published the final results on Thursday 28 April, the DSS-Dveri coalition ended up a single vote short. Tensions ran high, as the participants started to accuse each other and the Commission of fraud, which along with demolition of Savamala resulted in protests. Still, there were additional 18,000 votes to share, as voting had to be repeated at 15 polling stations due to irregularities. In the re-run held on 4 May, DSS–Dveri comfortably won the required number of votes and ended up with 5.03% of the electorate. The Electoral Commission released the final results of the election on Thursday 5 May.
Vučić announced formation of the new government by early June. He stated that the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians were the only certain partners in the cabinet, and remained ambiguous about the future cooperation with the Socialist Party of Serbia, the coalition partners in the previous government, hinting that he will "certainly not form a government with someone who can't wait to stab him in the back."
Constitutive session of the new parliament was held on 3 June. Maja Gojković of Serbian Progressive Party was re-elected president, and six vice-presidents from major parliamentary clubs were elected. The seventh vice-presidential seat, reserved for Enough is Enough, was left unfilled after the movement refused to propose their candidate despite previous agreement.
Formation of the new government, however, took much longer than announced. On 23 July PM-designate Aleksandar Vučić said he was not ruling out the possibility that Serbia's government could be "formed by somebody else at his proposal", stating that "we have problems, this is not about some kind of whim", but without elaborating the details. Fueled by hints from Vučić and statements made by his associates, media started speculating on external pressures, pointing at Western and Russian attempts to influence personal solutions in the new cabinet. President Nikolić expressed "full understanding" that the government had not been formed yet, and stated that the only important thing is that the constitutional deadlines [three months from constitution of the Assembly] are met.
Vučić announced the new cabinet on 8 August, consisting of eight old and eight new ministers, retaining a coalition with the Socialist Party. The government was approved by the National Assembly on 10 August.