OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# House of Ahmad Shah Abdali

House of Ahmad Shah Abdali (Pashto: د احمدشاه بابا کور) is a historical residence in Kandahar, Afghanistan, which belongs to Ahmad Shah Abdali, the founder of Durrani Empire.

## History

The house construction was started in 1745 and continued for two years, with Bukharan Architecture. It consists of Abdali's mosque, office and house at the time. After Ahmad Shah death the house was belonging to his successors for about two centuries. In 2022 when the Second Taliban Regime came to power, the house was sold to government and categorized as a historical heritage.

## Topography

The house of Ahmad Shah Abdali is located in first district of Kandahar City. It comprises 1448 square meters and has three floor that include eight rooms, one underground and a roof.
# Barra Head Lighthouse

Barra Head Lighthouse on Barra Head identifies the southern entrance to The Minch, roughly halfway between the Eilean Glas and Rinns of Islay lighthouses. The 58-foot (18-metre) stone tower, built in 1833, stands on the west side of the island, at the top of a very steep cliff, making the light the highest in the UK with a focal plane of 208 m (682 ft) above sea level. It has a range of 18 nautical miles (21 mi; 33 km). There is no shallow water west of Berneray to break the blow of the Atlantic storms and small fish are sometimes thrown onto the grass on the cliff top. In 1836 Sir Archibald Geikie recorded the movement of a 42-long-ton (43-tonne) block of gneiss across 5 feet (1.5 m) of ground during a violent storm.

## History

Designed by Robert Stevenson and built by James Smith of Inverness the light was first exhibited on 15 October 1833. The oil-burning light was converted to incandescent in 1906 and the lighthouse was converted to automatic operation on 23 October 1980, when the last keepers were withdrawn.
The main optic is now an acetylene-operated Dalen revolving pedestal. The fresnel lens rotates every 30 seconds. During daylight hours, the lens rotates at a very slow speed to prevent the mantles from deteriorating in strong sunlight. There are 4 mantles in the exchanger systems. Electrical power is provided by batteries, which are automatically recharged by a diesel alternator twice a week. The equipment is monitored by Hyskeir Lighthouse.
Due to the dangerous landing conditions, Barra Head lighthouse was re-classified by the RNLI as a "Rock Station" early in the 20th century. Two small boats had been swamped and lost in the enormous swell by the slipway at the landing place. The regulations associated with this change prevented both alongside landings by tenders and the lighthouse men keeping dinghies onshore. The departure of the last of the crofting families meant an end to regular links by sea and the regular mist and fog rendered signalling unreliable. A system of wireless communications with Castlebay on Barra was therefore proposed and installed by 1925.
The pier was built in the late 1930s with the approach of war, when a sophisticated radar system was installed to guard the Western Approaches. This involved the landing of hundreds of steel girders and drums containing steel cables used to create three large radar masts, and a robust "Scots Derrick" was erected to crane them ashore.
A small walled cemetery was constructed halfway between the lighthouse and the summit of Sotan for the keepers. This contains the grave of a visiting inspector and those of a number of the keepers' children. A Blenheim bomber crashed into the cliffs nearby during World War II, but the wreck was not discovered until many years later by a rock climber.
# Department of Labour and Employment (Tamil Nadu)

The Department of Labour Welfare and Skill Development is one of the departments of Government of Tamil Nadu.

## History

The department of labour and employment was formed in 1972, when Government of Tamil Nadu trifurcated the Industries, Labour and Housing Department.

## Objective

The department of labour is responsible for administering matters relating to Industrial relations, safety of workers, labor Welfare, employment exchanges and technical training. The department is responsible for the enforcement of various provisions and acts enacted by the Government of India and the state government concerning the subjects.

## Sub-divisions

The following sub-divisions and undertakings operate under the department:

### Sub-departments

* Department of Labour: Industrial relations and labor welfare
* Department of Employment and Training: Employment facilitation and training
* Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health: Safety in industries and factories

### Undertakings and bodies

* Overseas Manpower Corporation Limited
* Tamil Nadu Labour Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Construction Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Manual Workers Social Security and Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu State Contract Labour Advisory Board
* Tamil Nadu Plantation Labour Housing Advisory Board
* Tamil Nadu State Labour Advisory Board
* Tamil Nadu Washermen Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Hairdressers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Auto Rickshaw and Taxi Drivers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Domestic Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Tailoring Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Handlooms and Handloom Silk Weavers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Pottery Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Goldsmiths Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Artists Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Footwear, Leathers Goods Manufactory and Tannery Workers Welfare Board
* Tamil Nadu Powerloom Weaving Workers Welfare Board
* The Tamil Nadu Institute of Labour Studies
# Ethane-1,1-dithiol

Ethane-1,1-dithiol is an organosulfur compound with formula CH$_3$CH(SH)$_2$. It is a colourless smelly liquid that is added to or found in some foods. The compound is an example of a geminal dithiol.

## Use

Flavouring uses of ethane-1,1-dithiol may include drinks, oil, gravy, soup, meat, fruit, seasonings, and snacks. Maximum concentrations in use that are generally recognised as safe (GRAS) is five parts per million (ppm) but typical uses are around 0.2 ppm. It is supplied as a 1% solution in ethanol, due to its strong offensive smell. In the diluted form with 4% ethyl acetate and ethanol the CAS number is 69382-62-3. Toxicity may be due to metabolism products hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde, however as used it has a margin of safety of over 10,000,000. Other ways that it is modified in the body apart from hydrolysis is methylation to 1-methylsulfanyl-ethanethiol, oxidation of the sulfur to an ethyl sulfonate, glucuronidation of the sulfur, or combination with cysteine by way of a disulfide bridge.

### Identifiers

Since it is used in the food industry there are codes issued by various authorities. It is identified as JECFA number 1660. The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) id is 4111. The European designation for the flavouring is Fl 12.293.

## Natural occurrence

It can be produced during fermentation of grapes. It is used as a food flavouring.
It is found naturally in the scent of durian.

## Properties

The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum shows three environments for protons, in the ratio of 3:2:1 corresponding to CH$_3$ SH and CH.

### Reactions

Ethane-1,1-dithiol has several reactions known that are important in white wine flavours. In the presence of oxygen, ethane-1,1-dithiol is converted to cis/trans-3,6-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrathiane which has a rubbery aroma. This molecule has a ring with four sulfur atoms and two carbons, two ethane-1,1-dithiol molecules become linked at their sulfur atoms with the loss of hydrogen. This can further oxidise to cis/trans-3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane which has a meat-like odour.
Ethane-1,1-dithiol reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form cis/trans-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane, a ring containing five sulfur atoms and two carbons. This has a meaty smell.

### Formation

Ethane-1,1-dithiol can be formed in the reaction of acetaldehyde with hydrogen sulfide. 1-Hydroxyethanethiol is formed as an intermediary.
# John Shafto (MP)

John Shafto (c. 1693 – 1742), of Whitworth Hall, County Durham, was a British lawyer and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1730 to 1742.
Shafto was the second son of Mark Shafto of Whitworth and his wife Margaret Ingleby, daughter of Sir William Ingleby, 2nd Baronet of Ripley, Yorkshire. He matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford on 9 May 1710, aged 16. He was admitted at Lincolns Inn on 22 December 1711 and was called to the bar in 1718. In 1719, he succeeded his brother Robert Shafto to the family seat at Whitworth. He married Mary Jackson, daughter of Thomas Jackson of Nunnington, Yorkshire on 20 May 1731.
Shafto was returned as Tory Member of Parliament for City of Durham in succession to his brother at a closely contested by-election on 26 January 1730. He was returned unopposed at the 1734 British general election and again at the 1741 British general election. He voted against the Government in all known occasions.
Shafto died on 3 April 1742 leaving two sons and two daughters, and was buried at St Andrews Churchyard, Holborn. He was succeeded by his son Robert (Bobby Shafto).
He was the brother-in-law of Sir John Eden, 2nd Baronet.
# Ann Gosling

Ann Gosling is a British actress best known for her role as Georgia Prentice in the BBC sitcom Next of Kin (1995–1997). She has appeared in a variety of television and radio productions, as well as performing in the theatre.

## Personal life

Gosling attended Misbourne School, where she developed an early interest in the performing arts.

## Acting career

Gosling is most recognized for her portrayal of Georgia Prentice in the sitcom Next of Kin, which aired for three series from 1995 to 1997. The show, which also starred Penelope Keith and William Gaunt, focused on family dynamics and Gosling's character, Georgia, was a central figure.
In 1992, Gosling appeared in Tracey Ullman: A Class Act, a sketch comedy series featuring a variety of characters and skits. She also played the role of Joanna Tate in the 1994 drama series Chandler & Co.
Gosling was featured in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom Married, where she played Maxine Lightfoot, the daughter of Hugh Bonneville's character. The show aired for three seasons.
Gosling also performed in the Royal National Theatre’s production of Sunday in the Park with George, a musical by Stephen Sondheim.
# Still Climbing (Brownstone album)

Still Climbing is the second and final studio album released by American R&B trio Brownstone. It was released by MJJ Music and the Work Group on June 23, 1997 in the United States. The album contains the second line-up of the group after the departure of original member Monica Doby. She was replaced by Kina Cosper, whose first and only appearance was on this album before departing for a solo career in 2000. Still Climbing features the singles "5 Miles to Empty" and "Kiss and Tell" as well as "In the Game of Love" which originally appeared on the soundtrack to the 1996 film The First Wives Club.

## Production

In early 1995, the R&B group Brownstone underwent significant lineup changes following the departure of Monica "Mimi" Doby due to a persistent bronchial infection. This departure came at a crucial time, as the group's debut album, From The Bottom Up, had garnered considerable attention and was being actively promoted, particularly through the single "Grapevyne." The timing of Doby's exit posed challenges for the group, which was in the midst of a promotional tour. To address the vacancy, Brownstone recruited Kina Cosper, a former college acquaintance of group member Nicci Gilbert.
The band began recording their second studio album, Still Climbing, in January 1996. During this period, Brownstone faced considerable pressure from their record label. The album's production involved collaboration with several new producers and songwriters, including notable figures such as Rodney Jerkins and Robin Thicke.

## Critical reception

In his review for Allmusic, senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that Still Climbing "suffers from the same inconsistent songwriting that plagued their debut From the Bottom Up, yet that isn't a fatal flaw. There are as many strong singles on Still Climbing as on the debut, and Brownstone sounds stronger and more confident on the record, making it an enjoyable, if tentative, step forward."
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

Notes
* denotes co-producer
Samples
* "Let's Get It Started" contains a sample from "Dance to the Drummer's Beat" as performed by Herman Kelly and Life.
* "Love Me Like You Do" contains a sample from "A Love of Your Own" as performed by Average White Band.
* "Foolish Pride" contains elements from the recording "La La for Love".

## Personnel

* Keyboards and drum programming: Rodney Jerkins, Soulshock & Karlin, Big Yam & Victor Merritt, Tricky & Sean, Herb Middleton, Robin Thicke
* Guitar: John "Jubu" Smith
* Executive producer: Michael Jackson, Jerry Greenberg, Jono Kahan
* Mastering: Alan Yoshida
* Photography: Albert Sanchez
* Design: Gabrielle Raumberger, Clifford Singontiko

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 73 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 19 |
| UK R&B Albums (OCC) | 2 |
| US Billboard 200 | 51 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 16 |
# Department of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives (Tamil Nadu)

The Department of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives is one of the departments of Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Objective

The department is responsible for coordinating with all the departments to achieve the sustainable development goals for 2030, strategic planning in co-ordination with NITI Aayog, implementation and evaluation of major schemes, programmes and special initiatives of the government, collection, compilation and dissemination of statistical data and providing administrative support for government planning.

## Sub-divisions

The following bodies function under the purview of the department:
* Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission (TNSPC): Established in 1976 and responsible for monitoring macroeconomic parameters, reporting and assisting the government in formulating policies for overall development and achievement of goals.
* Department of Economics and Statistics (DES): Formed in 1902 with the objective of collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of data to enable policy decisions.
* Department of Evaluation and Applied Research (DEAR): Established in 1964 and responsible for conducting survey and research.
* Special Area Development Programme (SADP): Implemented in 1975-76, the programme focuses on development of specially identified areas in the state.
* Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL): A SPV created on 7 November 2007 by a joint venture between Government of India and Government of Tamil Nadu to execute the Chennai Metro project.
# Clarence Manning

Clarence Augustus Manning (April 1, 1893 – October 4, 1972) was an American slavicist. He worked for 43 years at the Columbia University in New York, eventually being appointed chairman of the Department of Slavic Studies. He published a number of studies on Slavic languages, countries and people, as well as translations of important Slavic works of literature, and was a pioneer in opening the field of study of Slavic peoples in the U.S. beyond the dominance of Russian studies of the times.
Clarence received his bachelor's degree at the Columbia University in 1912 and master's in 1913. During First World War, he worked in the intelligence police corps of the translation section of the Military Intelligence Division, having rank of sergeant. In 1915 he received his PhD, then became a lecturer in Slavic languages in 1917 and an instructor in 1921.
In 1922, he became acting head of the department of Slavic languages in absence of John Dyneley Prince, and later that year spent three months travelling through Eastern Europe, visiting Slavic countries and Greece.
In 1924 he received the rank of assistant professor, in 1935 became assistant professor of European languages, and in 1947 assistant professor of Slavic languages. In 1948, he received an honorary PhD from the Ukrainian Free University in Munich. He was also a member of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (which today forms part of University College London), Shevchenko Scientific Society and Slavonic Institute of Prague.
In 1952 he became associate professor of Slavic languages. He retired in 1958, but continued publishing until his death in 1972. He was married to Louise Marshall, and had one daughter, Alice Vail.
# Party Secretary of Sichuan

The secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the leader of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). As the CCP is the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the secretary is the highest ranking post in Sichuan.
The secretary is officially appointed by the CCP Central Committee based on the recommendation of the CCP Organization Department, which is then approved by the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The secretary can be also appointed by a plenary meeting of the Sichuan Provincial Committee, but the candidate must be the same as the one approved by the central government. The secretary leads the Standing Committee of the Sichuan Provincial Committee, and is usually a member of the CCP Central Committee. The secretary leads the work of the Provincial Committee and its Standing Committee. The secretary is outranks the governor, who is generally the deputy secretary of the committee.
The current secretary is Wang Xiaohui, who took office on 22 April 2022.

## List of party secretaries

| No. | Image | Name | Term start | Term end |
| 1 | | Li Jingquan (1909–1989) | September 1952 | February 1965 |
| 2 | | Liao Zhigao (1913–2000) | February 1965 | January 1967 |
| Cultural Revolution Interregnum | Cultural Revolution Interregnum | Cultural Revolution Interregnum | 1967 | 1971 |
| 3 | | Zhang Guohua (1914–1972) | August 1971 | February 1972 |
| 4 | | Liu Xingyuan (1908–1990) | March 1972 | October 1975 |
| 5 | | Zhao Ziyang (1919–2005) | October 1975 | March 1980 |
| 6 | | Tan Qilong (1913–2003) | March 1980 | February 1983 |
| 7 | | Yang Rudai (1926–2018) | February 1983 | March 1993 |
| 8 | | Xie Shijie (born 1934) | March 1993 | January 2000 |
| 9 | | Zhou Yongkang (born 1942) | 6 January 2000 | 5 December 2002 |
| 10 | | Zhang Xuezhong (born 1943) | 5 December 2002 | 3 December 2006 |
| 11 | | Du Qinglin (born 1946) | 3 December 2006 | 2 December 2007 |
| 12 | | Liu Qibao (born 1953) | 2 December 2007 | 21 November 2012 |
| 13 | | Wang Dongming (born 1956) | 21 November 2012 | 21 March 2018 |
| 14 | | Peng Qinghua (born 1957) | 21 March 2018 | 22 April 2022 |
| 15 | | Wang Xiaohui (born 1962) | 22 April 2022 | Incumbent |
# Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Solo

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Solo (Arabic: جَامِع ٱلشَّيْخ زَايِد ٱلْكَبِيْر، سوْلو‎, romanized: Jāmiʿ Aš-Šaykh Zāyid Al-Kabīr, Sōlō; Indonesian: Masjid Raya Sheikh Zayed, Solo) is a mosque in Solo, Indonesia, which is a smaller replica of the grand mosque in Abu Dhabi, the U.A.E. Built at a cost of US$ 20 million (Rp 313.1 billion), it is named in honour of the UAE's founder, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.

## History

Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who was then the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, visited Indonesia in July 2019 and offered the mosque as a gift to President Widodo. Construction began on Monday, 8 March 2021.
On November 14, 2022, President Widodo and his Emirati counterpart, Sheikh Mohamed, inaugurated the grand mosque [id]. It was completed on Tuesday the 28th of February, 2023.

## Structure

The mosque occupies an area of 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft), and can accommodate about 10,000 worshippers. It has 4 minarets and 82 domes in total. Of these, a large central dome is surrounded by 4 smaller ones. The main prayer area has 32 columns. There is also a center for training clerics, which is sponsored by the UAE.
# Tuchola Duża

Tuchola Duża (Upper Sorbian: Wjelika Tuchola) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubsko, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Lubsko, 18 km (11 mi) north of Żary, and 35 km (22 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.
# Tuff Stuff

Tuff Stuff is an online magazine that publishes prices for trading cards and other collectibles from a variety of sports, including baseball, basketball, American football, ice hockey, golf, auto racing and mixed martial arts. The print edition of the magazine was published from 1984 to 2011, when it ceased publication, As a result, Tuff Stuff has remained as an online publication to date.

## History and profile

The magazine was launched in April 1984 by a store owner, Ernie White, who named the magazine for his ability to offer the "tough stuff" to find in his store and to write about in the magazine. The magazine was originally an 11¼ by 15½-inch newsprint publication. It grew to a tabloid-sized, glossy-covered magazine in the late 1980s before shrinking back to standard magazine size (8 by 10 7/8) with a glossy cover in 1990.
The Richmond, Virginia-based magazine was sold to Landmark Communications, which sold it to Krause Publications in 1999, publisher of the competing Sports Cards Magazine. The two magazines' content merged in 2000, taking the 'Tuff Stuff' name. The magazine took on the F+W Publications Inc. label after that company obtained Krause in 2002.
In addition to columns and feature stories, the magazine included yearly pricing for cards in six sports — baseball, basketball, American football, ice hockey, golf and auto racing — with roughly 100 pages of card pricing in each issue. This approach differs from its major competitor, Beckett, which published magazines devoted specifically to each sport. Issues of the magazine also included values and checklists for sports autographs, figures, and other sports collectibles.
In January 2011, F+W announced that Tuff Stuff ceased publication, due to declining advertising revenue, according to magazine staffers. Readers switching from print to electronic devices accelerated the demise of the magazine. In addition to the closure, Sports Collectors Digest, returned to a bi-monthly publication schedule.
In January 2018, with the CEO and two other top executives leaving the company, F+W slashed its workforce by 40%.
F+W filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on March 10, 2019. The book publishing assets of the company were won by Penguin Random House at a bankruptcy auction in June 2019. The grouping of the assets drew criticism. Several properties including Sky & Telescope were sold individually.
# UNIX Review

UNIX Review was an American magazine covering technical aspects of the UNIX operating system and C programming. Recognized for its in-depth technical analysis, the journal also reported on industry confabs and included some lighter fare.

## History and profile

It was founded in 1983. In 1985 it was acquired by Miller Freeman. The journal was renamed to UNIX Review's Performance Computing (UR/PC) Magazine with the April 1998 issue, and ceased publication in 2000. The online publication ceased in 2007. It was published by REVIEW Publications of Renton, Washington. The rights to the title passed to United Business Media (formerly CMP Media), which was absorbed by Informa in 2018.

## Regular contributors

* Andrew Binstock, (editor in chief from 1991–1997), wrote "Word Wrap from the Editor"
* John Chisholm (1992-1995), wrote "Currents" column
* Stan Kelly-Bootle, writer of the "Devil's Advocate" column
* Ken Arnold, writer of "The C Advisor" column
* Rich Morin, writer of "The Human Factor" and "The Internet Notebook" columns
* Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier, writer of the "Tool of the Month" column
* Ed Schaefer, writer of the "Shell Corner" column
* Dinah McNutt, writer of the "Daemons and Dragons" column
* Cameron Laird, regular contributor
* Emmett Dulaney, regular contributor
* Marcel Gagné, regular contributor
* Eric Foster-Johnson, regular contributor