# List of Christian Nobel laureates

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000 about 65.4% of Nobel Prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background. Here is a non exhaustive list of some of the prize winners who publicly identified themselves as Christians.

## Physics

By one estimate made by Weijia Zhang from Arizona State University and Robert G. Fuller from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, between 1901 and 1990, 60% of Nobel Prize in Physics winners had Christian backgrounds. In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 65.3% of Physics Nobel prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1901 | Wilhelm Röntgen | Germany | Dutch Reformed Church | "for the discovery of X rays" |
| 1904 | Lord Rayleigh | United Kingdom | Anglican | "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" |
| 1906 | Joseph John Thomson | United Kingdom | Anglican | "for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" |
| 1909 | Guglielmo Marconi | Italy | Roman Catholic | "for his contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" |
| 1917 | Charles Glover Barkla | United Kingdom | Methodist | "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements", another important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy |
| 1923 | Robert Andrews Millikan | United States | Christian He dealt with this in his Terry Lectures at Yale in 1926–27, published as Evolution in Science and Religion. | "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" |
| 1927 | Arthur Holly Compton | United States | Presbyterian | "for his discovery of the effect named after him" |
| 1932 | Werner Heisenberg | Weimar Republic | Lutheran | "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen" |
| 1936 | Victor Francis Hess | Austria | Roman Catholic He wrote on the topic of science and religion in his article "My Faith". | "for his discovery of cosmic radiation" |
| 1951 | Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton | Ireland | Methodist | "for his pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" |
| 1964 | Charles Hard Townes | United States | Protestant (United Church of Christ) | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle" |
| 1974 | Antony Hewish | United Kingdom | Christian | "for his pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" |
| 1977 | Nevill Francis Mott | United Kingdom | Anglican | "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems". |
| 1981 | Arthur Leonard Schawlow | United States | Protestant (United Methodist Church) | "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy". |
| 1997 | William Daniel Phillips | United States | Protestant (United Methodist Church) | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light". |
| 2007 | Peter Grünberg | Germany | Roman Catholic | "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance" |
| 2009 | Charles K. Kao | United Kingdom, United States | Roman Catholic$^{:14–15}$ | "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication" |
| 2018 | Donna Strickland | Canada | Protestant (United Church of Canada) | "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" |

## Chemistry

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 72.5% of Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1918 | Fritz Haber | Germany | Converted to Protestantism from Judaism | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" |
| 1996 | Richard E. Smalley | United States | Christian | "for the discovery of fullerenes" |
| 2007 | Gerhard Ertl | Germany | Christian | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" |
| 2012 | Brian Kobilka | United States | Catholic | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors." |
| 2019 | John B. Goodenough | United States (Born in Weimar Republic) | Christian | "for the development of lithium-ion batteries". |

## Physiology or Medicine

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 62% of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1906 | Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Spain | Roman Catholic | "in recognition of his work on the structure of the nervous system" |
| 1909 | Emil Theodor Kocher | Switzerland | Protestant (Moravian Church) | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" |
| 1912 | Alexis Carrel | France | Roman Catholic | "[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" |
| 1930 | Karl Landsteiner | Austria-Hungary | converted to Roman Catholicism from Judaism in 1890 | "for his discovery of human blood groups" |
| 1947 | Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | United States | converted to Roman Catholicism from Judaism in 1920 | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" |
| 1963 | Sir John Carew Eccles | Australia | Roman Catholic | "for his discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" |
| 1978 | Werner Arber | Switzerland | Protestant | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" |
| 1998 | Ferid Murad | United States | Christian | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system". |
| 2012 | Sir John B. Gurdon | United Kingdom | Protestant (Anglican) | "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent" |
| 2015 | William C. Campbell | Ireland | Roman Catholic | "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites". |

## Literature

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 49.5% of Nobel Prize in Literature winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1902 | Theodor Mommsen | Germany | Protestant | "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome" |
| 1903 | Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | Norway | Protestant | "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit" |
| 1904 | Frédéric Mistral | France | Roman Catholic | "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist" |
| 1904 | José Echegaray | Spain | Roman Catholic | "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama" |
| 1905 | Henryk Sienkiewicz | Poland | Roman Catholic | "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer" |
| 1909 | Selma Lagerlöf | Sweden | Christian | "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings" |
| 1910 | Paul von Heyse | Germany | Protestant of Jewish descent | "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories" |
| 1916 | Verner von Heidenstam | Sweden | Christian | "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature" |
| 1923 | William Butler Yeats | Ireland | Anglican | "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation" |
| 1924 | Władysław Reymont | Poland | Roman Catholic | "for his great national epic, The Peasants" |
| 1926 | Grazia Deledda | Italy | Roman Catholic | "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general" |
| 1928 | Sigrid Undset | Norway (Born in Denmark) | Roman Catholic | "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages" |
| 1929 | Thomas Mann | Germany | Protestant (Lutheran) | "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature" |
| 1933 | Ivan Bunin | France (Born in Russia) | Eastern Orthodox | "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing" |
| 1938 | Pearl S. Buck | United States | Protestant (Southern Presbyterian) | "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces" |
| 1945 | Gabriela Mistral | Chile | Roman Catholic | "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world" |
| 1946 | Hermann Hesse | Switzerland (Born in Germany) | Christian | "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style" |
| 1947 | André Gide | France | Protestant | "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" |
| 1948 | T. S. Eliot | United Kingdom (Born in the United States) | Anglican | "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry" |
| 1949 | William Faulkner | United States | Protestant (Episcopalian) | "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel" |
| 1952 | François Mauriac | France | Roman Catholic | "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life" |
| 1953 | Sir Winston Churchill | United Kingdom | Anglican | "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values" |
| 1954 | Ernest Hemingway | United States | Converted to Roman Catholicism | "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" |
| 1955 | Halldór Laxness | Iceland | Converted to Roman Catholicism | "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland" |
| 1956 | Juan Ramón Jiménez | Spain | Roman Catholic | "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity" |
| 1958 | Boris Pasternak | Soviet Union | Converted to Eastern Orthodoxy from Judaism | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" |
| 1961 | Ivo Andrić | Yugoslavia (Born in Austria-Hungary) | Roman Catholic | "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country" |
| 1962 | John Steinbeck | United States | Episcopalian | "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception" |
| 1963 | Giorgos Seferis | Greece (Born in the Ottoman Empire) | Greek Orthodox | "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture" |
| 1967 | Miguel Ángel Asturias | Guatemala | Roman Catholic | "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America" |
| 1970 | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Soviet Union | Eastern Orthodox | "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature" |
| 1972 | Heinrich Böll | Germany (West) | Roman Catholic | "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature" |
| 1979 | Odysseas Elytis | Greece | Greek Orthodox | "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness" |
| 1980 | Czesław Miłosz | Poland/ United States | Roman Catholic | "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts" |
| 1982 | Gabriel García Márquez | Colombia | Roman Catholic | "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts" |
| 1989 | Camilo José Cela | Spain | Roman Catholic | "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability" |
| 1990 | Octavio Paz | Mexico | Roman Catholic | "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity" |
| 1992 | Derek Walcott | Saint Lucia | Protestant (Methodist) | "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment" |
| 1993 | Toni Morrison | United States | Roman Catholic | "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality" |
| 1995 | Seamus Heaney | Ireland (born Northern Ireland) | Roman Catholic | "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past" |
| 1999 | Günter Grass | Germany (born Free City of Danzig now Gdańsk) | Roman Catholic | "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history" |
| 2009 | Herta Müller | Germany (Born in Romania) | Roman Catholic | "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed" |
| 2011 | Tomas Tranströmer | Sweden | Christian | "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality" |
| 2016 | Bob Dylan | United States | Born-again Christian | "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition" |
| 2019 | Peter Handke | Austria | Serbian Orthodox Church | "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience". |
| 2023 | Jon Fosse | Norway | Converted to Roman Catholicism | "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable" |

## Peace

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 78.3% of Nobel Peace Prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1902 | Élie Ducommun | Switzerland | Protestant | "for his role as the first honorary secretary of the International Peace Bureau" |
| 1902 | Charles Albert Gobat | Switzerland | Protestant | "for his role as the first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union" |
| 1903 | William Randal Cremer | United Kingdom | Methodist | "for his role as the "first father" of the Inter-Parliamentary Union" |
| 1905 | Bertha von Suttner | Austria-Hungary | Roman Catholic | for authoring Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize |
| 1906 | Theodore Roosevelt | United States | Protestant (Dutch Reformed Church) | "for his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case" |
| 1907 | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta | Italy | Roman Catholic | "for his work as a key leader of the Italian peace movement" |
| 1907 | Louis Renault | France | Roman Catholic | "for his work as a leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague" |
| 1909 | Auguste Beernaert | Belgium | Roman Catholic | "for being a representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union" |
| 1909 | Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant | France | Protestant (Calvinist) | "for combined diplomatic work for Franco-German and Franco-British understanding with a distinguished career in international arbitration" |
| 1912 | Elihu Root | United States | Protestant (Presbyterian) | "for his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court" |
| 1919 | Woodrow Wilson | United States | Protestant (Presbyterian) | "for his crucial role in establishing the League of Nations" |
| 1921 | Hjalmar Branting | Sweden | Lutheran (Church of Sweden) | "for his work in the League of Nations" |
| 1921 | Christian Lange | Norway | Lutheran (Church of Norway) | "for his work as the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" and "the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union" |
| 1925 | Austen Chamberlain | United Kingdom | Unitarian | "for work on the Locarno Treaties." |
| 1925 | Charles G. Dawes | United States | Protestant (Congregationalist) | "for work on the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925" |
| 1926 | Gustav Stresemann | Germany | Protestant | "for work on the Locarno Treaties." |
| 1927 | Ferdinand Buisson | France | Protestant | "for contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation" |
| 1930 | Nathan Söderblom | Sweden | Lutheran (Church of Sweden) | "for his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace" |
| 1931 | Jane Addams | United States | Protestant (Presbyterian) | "for her social reform work and leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom" |
| 1931 | Nicholas Murray Butler | United States | Protestant (Episcopalian) | "for his promotion of the Briand-Kellogg pact" and for his work as the "leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement" |
| 1934 | Arthur Henderson | United Kingdom | Protestant (Methodist) | "for his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament" |
| 1935 | Carl von Ossietzky | Germany | Protestant (Lutheran) | "for his struggle against Germany's rearmament" |
| 1945 | Cordell Hull | United States | Protestant (Episcopalian) | "for his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization" |
| 1946 | Emily Greene Balch | United States | Quaker | "for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom" |
| 1946 | John Raleigh Mott | United States | Protestant (Methodist) | "for establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace" |
| 1947 | Friends Service Council | United Kingdom | Quaker | "for their work in assisting and rescuing victims of the Nazis" |
| 1947 | American Friends Service Committee | United States | Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) | "for their work in assisting and rescuing victims of the Nazis" |
| 1949 | The Lord Boyd-Orr | United Kingdom | Protestant (Free Church of Scotland) | "for his scientific research into nutrition and his works as the first Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization" |
| 1950 | Ralph Bunche | United States | Protestant (Baptist) | "for his works in resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict in Palestine" |
| 1952 | Albert Schweitzer | France | Christian | "for his propagation for the reverence of life, the very foundations of a lasting peace between individuals, nations, and races" |
| 1953 | George Catlett Marshall | United States | Protestant (Episcopalian) | "for his work on the post-war European recovery" |
| 1957 | Lester Bowles Pearson | Canada | Protestant (United Church of Canada) | "for his role in helping end the Suez conflict and trying to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations"; |
| 1958 | Dominique Pire | Belgium | Roman Catholic | "for his work in helping refugees in the post-World War II Europe" |
| 1959 | Philip Noel-Baker | United Kingdom | Quaker | "for his lifelong work for international peace and cooperation" |
| 1960 | Albert Lutuli | South Africa (Born in Southern Rhodesia) | Protestant (Methodist) | "for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid in South Africa" |
| 1961 | Dag Hammarskjöld | Sweden | Protestant (Lutheran) | "for strengthening the foundations of the United Nations Organization" |
| 1964 | Martin Luther King Jr. | United States | Protestant (Baptist; Progressive National Baptist Convention) | "for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance" |
| 1970 | Norman Borlaug | United States | Protestant | "for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution" |
| 1971 | Willy Brandt | Germany (West) | Protestant (Lutheran) | "for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in Western Europe through the European Economic Community and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the other countries of Eastern Europe." |
| 1974 | Seán MacBride | Ireland (Born in France) | Roman Catholic | "for his strong interest in human rights by piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists" |
| 1976 | Betty Williams | United Kingdom | Roman Catholic | "for their works as cofounders of Community of Peace People, an organization dedicated to promoting a peaceful resolution to the Troubles in Northern Ireland" |
| 1976 | Mairead Corrigan | United Kingdom | Roman Catholic | "for their works as cofounders of Community of Peace People, an organization dedicated to promoting a peaceful resolution to the Troubles in Northern Ireland" |
| 1979 | Mother Teresa | Albania (Born in Ottoman Kosovo) | Roman Catholic | "for her work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace" |
| 1980 | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | Argentina | Roman Catholic | "for his efforts in the defense of human rights and for his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship" |
| 1982 | Alfonso García Robles | Mexico | Roman Catholic | "for his magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition" |
| 1983 | Lech Wałęsa | Poland | Roman Catholic | "for his contribution and considerable personal sacrifice to ensure the workers' right to establish their own organizations" |
| 1984 | Desmond Tutu | South Africa | Protestant (Anglican) | "for his role as a unifying leader-figure in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa" |
| 1987 | Óscar Arias | Costa Rica | Roman Catholic | "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year" |
| 1993 | Nelson Mandela | South Africa | Protestant (Methodist) | "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa" |
| 1993 | Frederik Willem de Klerk | South Africa | Protestant (Reformed) | "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa" |
| 1996 | Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo | East Timor | Roman Catholic | "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor." |
| 1996 | José Ramos-Horta | East Timor | Roman Catholic | "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor." |
| 1998 | John Hume | United Kingdom | Roman Catholic | "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland" |
| 1998 | David Trimble | United Kingdom | Protestant (Presbyterian) | "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland" |
| 2000 | Kim Dae-jung | South Korea | Roman Catholic | "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular" |
| 2001 | Kofi Annan | Ghana | Protestant | "for his work for a better organized and more peaceful world" |
| 2002 | Jimmy Carter | United States | Protestant (Baptist) | "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development" |
| 2004 | Wangari Muta Maathai | Kenya | Roman Catholic | "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace" |
| 2007 | Al Gore | United States | Protestant (Baptist) | "for his efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" |
| 2008 | Martti Ahtisaari | Finland | Protestant (Lutheran) | "for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts" |
| 2009 | Barack Obama | United States | Protestant | "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples". |
| 2011 | Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Liberia | Protestant (Methodist) | "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work" |
| 2011 | Leymah Gbowee | Liberia | Protestant (Lutheran) | "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work" |
| 2016 | Juan Manuel Santos | Colombia | Roman Catholic | "his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220 000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people" |
| 2018 | Denis Mukwege | DRC | Pentecostal | "for [his] efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. Both laureates have made a crucial contribution to focusing attention on, and combating, such war crimes" |
| 2019 | Abiy Ahmed Ali | Ethiopia | Evangelical Pentecostal | "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea" |
| 2022 | Ales Bialiatski | Belarus | Roman Catholic | "The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy." |

## Economics

In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 54.0% of Nobel Prize in Economics winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.
| Year | Laureate | Country | Denomination | Rationale |
| 1975 | Tjalling Koopmans | Netherlands United States | Protestant | "for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" |
| 1979 | Theodore Schultz | United States | Protestant | "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries." |
| 1979 | W. Arthur Lewis | Saint Lucia United Kingdom | Roman Catholic | "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries." |
| 1982 | George Stigler | United States | Christian | "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation" |
| 1988 | Maurice Allais | France | Roman Catholic | "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources" |
| 1989 | Trygve Haavelmo | Norway | Protestant | "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures" |
| 1996 | William Vickrey | Canada United States | Quaker | "for his fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information" |
| 2009 | Elinor Ostrom | United States | Protestant | "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons" |
| 2010 | Christopher A. Pissarides | Cyprus | Eastern Orthodox | "for his analysis of markets with search frictions" |
| 2013 | Eugene F. Fama | United States | Roman Catholic | "for their empirical analysis of asset prices". |
| 2013 | Robert J. Shiller | United States | Protestant (Methodist) | "for their empirical analysis of asset prices". |