OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Longmenshan Fault

The Longmenshan Fault (Chinese: 龙门山断层) is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Sichuan province in southwestern China. The strike of the fault plane is approximately NE. Motion on this fault is responsible for the uplift of the mountains relative to the lowlands of the Sichuan Basin to the east. Representing the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is a border formation between the Bayan Kola block in the Plateau and the South China block in the Eurasian plate. The 2008 Wenchuan, 2013 Lushan and 2022 Ya'an earthquakes occurred along this fault.
A study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) states:
   "The late-Cenozoic deformations in this fault (that caused the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake) are concentrated in the Guanxian-Jiangyou fracture (hill-front fracture), Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture (mid-fracture), Wenchuan-Mao County fracture (hill-back fracture), and their related folds. The recent M$_s$ 8.0 earthquake occurred on the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture, as a result of Longmenshan thrust pushing southeastward combined with clockwise shears.
   Since Holocene (10,000), Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture has had evident activities. Its long-term geological slip rate is slower than 1 mm per year. GPS observations confirm the current structural deformation of the Longmenshan formation to be characterized by thrust and right-handed shears, but with a low deformation rate. Therefore, Longmenshan formation and its internal fractures constitute a special type that has low earthquake frequences but the potential to cause super strong earthquakes."

## Morphology

The American Geophysical Union publication Tectonics describes the 5 km high escarpment thus:
   "In the Longmen Shan region, however, the topographic margin of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the world's most remarkable continental escarpments. Elevations rise from circa 600 m in the southern Sichuan Basin to peaks exceeding 6500 m over a horizontal distance of less than 50 km. Regional topographic gradients typically exceed 10% along this mountain front and rival any other margin of the plateau."
# Copping Hall

Copping Hall is a Grade II* listed house in Uckfield, East Sussex, England. It is located at 46 Church Lane, Uckfield, East Sussex TN22 1BT. Built in the eighteenth century, it is two-storey high and contains an attic, three windows and two dormers as well as grey headers with red brick dressings and quoins. It also has a dentilled cornice, a tiled roof, and casement windows with small square panes. Moreover, there is a doorway with flat hood on brackets and door of six fielded panels.
It was listed as Grade II* by English Heritage on 26 November 1953.
# Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu

Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu (10 November 1932 – 26 June 1996) was a Turkish poet, linguist and writer.

## His life

Hacıeminoğlu was born in Maraş in 1932. His father, Mustafa, died when he was a baby. He moved to Adana to support his family and he continued his primary/high education in Adana. He discovered his interest in Turkish literature and Turkish language during those years (having been influenced by his brother Nihat's fondness of literature).
With support of his literature teacher Şevken Kutkan, he started to write his first journal writings and began study with Nurullah Ataç.
He went to Istanbul to continue his college education in Istanbul University Faculty of Literature, Turcology (İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türkoloji). He maintained his academic career in university.
He used the name Necmettin Özdarendeli in his first writings, then he changed his surname to Hacıeminoğlu. He contributed several hundred articles to newspapers like Hergün, Tercüman, and Ortadoğu; and in many journals like Türk Dili, Türk Edebiyatı, Töre, Milli Kültür, and Yeni Düşünce. He was judged because of his thoughts, and this was the first time a teacher in university was judged because of his ideas.
He came to Edirne to establish a Turkish Language and Literature Faculty in Trakya University and he maintained his post in Edirne until 1993.
He died in 1996 in Ankara.
# Ossie Williams

Oswald Williams (12 April 1921 – 23 March 1988) was a Welsh international rugby union player.
A wing forward, Williams got his start at Llanelly RFC after World War II and was capped seven times for Wales, which included their win over the Wallabies at Cardiff in 1947. He scored the only points of his career through a penalty goal against France in the 1948 Five Nations. Continuing with Llanelly for several more years, Williams ascended to the club captaincy in the 1951–52 season. He also competed with Felinfoel, Furnace and Pontyberem during his career.
Williams worked outside of rugby as a furnace hand at the Llanelly Steelworks.
# Aaron Carroll (rugby union)

Aaron Carroll (born in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for Kyuden Voltex in Super Rugby. His playing position is lock. He was a late addition to the Blues squad for the 2020 season.

## Reference list

* ↑ "Aaron Carroll". Ultimate Rugby. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
* ↑ "Aaron CARROLL". Retrieved 1 January 2025.
* ↑ "Super Rugby class of 2020 comes together". All Blacks. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
* ↑ "Aaron Carroll". Rugby Pass. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
* ↑ "Carroll gets Blues call-up" (Press release). Blues. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
# Luisa Lacal de Bracho

Luisa Lacal de Bracho (née María Luisa Lacal Infanzón, 1874–1962) was a Spanish pianist, musicologist, lexicographer and writer. She was the writer of the first dictionary of musical terminology by a Spanish woman.

## Biography

de Bracho was born in Madrid in 1874 to Amalia Infanzón Igaraiburu, niece of Eva Canel, and Saturnino Lacal. Coming from a bourgeois and conservative family, she began her musical education at an early age.
No later than 1883, her family moved to Barcelona where she continued her piano studies at the Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu. She was recognized with various prizes, like the Gold Medal at the 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition and First Prize and Grand Medal of the Royal Conservatory of Barcelona in 1890. Along with this, she was appointed teacher and part of the faculty of the conservatory in the 1890-91 academic year. She finished her piano studies at the National Conservatory of Madrid.
While developing her repertoire between 1894 and 1899, de Bracho performed as a concert pianist and participated as a member of the Red Cross in various charitable activities and also in events for the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (the Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers) as an honorary member. In 1900, she married Carlos Bracho Jiménez, a professor in the military riding corps and also a member of the Red Cross. Through the next several years, she moved between various Spanish cities, though she continued her work as a concert pianist.
In 1899, de Bracho wrote Diccionario de la música, técnico histórico, bio-bibliográfico, publicado (Technical, historical, bio-bibliographical Dictionary of music), which was the first dictionary of musical terminology by a Spanish woman. It received widespread acclaim at the time of publication and was reprinted several times.
She later published two novels, Trinar de amores (Lovers' Chirping), in 1921, a collections of short stories that she had been publishing in the specialized magazine Gloria Femenina throughout the 1920s, and Peregrina de la ilusión (Pilgrim of Illusion) in 1929.
She died in 1962 in Madrid.
# Powys Archives

Powys Archives (Welsh: Archifau Powys) is the official archive repository for the county of Powys. Located in Llandrindod Wells, the archive is responsible for collecting and protecting documents relating to all aspects of the history of Powys.
Powys Archives houses collections from the 14th century and they are available for view in the archive searchroom. Records can be used for all types of research: Tracing your family history; Discovering the history of your house; Finding out more about the history of your village or community; School or college projects; Investigating legal issues such as rights of way.
# Persea borbonia

Persea borbonia or redbay is a small, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae), native to the southeastern United States. It belongs to the genus Persea, a group of evergreen trees including bays and the avocado. Persea borbonia has several common names including tisswood, scrubbay, shorebay, and swampbay.

## Description

Persea borbonia can be present as either a small tree or a large shrub. It has evergreen leaves that are about 3 to 6 inches long with a lance shape. The leaves are arranged alternately and emit a spicy smell when crushed. The leaves vary in color from bright green to dark green. These trees are capable of producing fruit that is a small, blue or black drupe. Redbay is a perennial, with a non-herbaceous stem that is lignified. The tree can live for 80 to 100 years

## Distribution

Persea borbonia grows in the coastal margins of the southeastern United States. It is endemic to the lowlands of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and eastern North Carolina. Small, isolated populations can be found in coastal Virginia, and near the Maryland and Delaware state line. It also grows in the Bahamas and is cultivated in Hawaii. It usually grows on the borders of swamp land.
Due to an invasion of redbay ambrosia beetle in the Southern United States the tree is slowly dying out. The beetle was discovered in 2002 near Savannah, Georgia and it carries a laurel wilt fungal disease that is responsible for killing redbays. However, foresters agree the species will likely not go extinct in the southeastern U.S. since it appears to rejuvenate to some degree on its own.

## Uses

The plant is not widely used now for medicinal purposes, however members of the Seminole tribe formerly used it as an emetic to induce vomiting. The dried-up leaves can be used as a condiment.
The wood is hard and strong and can be used to build boats, cabinets and for lining the interior of structures. The wood is not traded on a large scale so it is confined to the regions where P. borbonia grows.

### Cultivation

Persea borbonia is cultivated as an ornamental tree for gardens and parks.

### Wildlife

Deer and bears also eat the leaves and fruits of redbay. Birds, including turkey, eat the plant's bitter fruit.
# Daniel Barden (footballer)

Daniel James Barden (born 2 January 2001) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL Championship club Norwich City. He is a former Wales under-21 international.

## Club career

Barden signed for Norwich City from Arsenal in January 2019.
He spent the 2019–20 season on loan at Bury Town, making 26 appearances in all competitions.
In March 2020 he signed a new contract with Norwich.
On 5 September 2020, Barden made his first senior appearance for Norwich City in their EFL Cup first round tie against Luton Town. Norwich lost the game 3–1. He made his Football League debut on 29 December 2020 when he replaced the injured Michael McGovern at half-time during Norwich's 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers.
He moved on loan to Scottish Premiership club Livingston in July 2021.
He was diagnosed with testicular cancer in October 2021, and said that he would be taking a break from football. On 26 December 2021 he gave an interview with Norwich City's matchday programme where he said the treatment had gone well and he thanked the fans, the club and his family for their support.
On 13 December 2022, Barden signed for National League club Maidstone United on loan.
In August 2024 he moved on loan to Swindon Town. ref>"Swindon Town: Gavin Kilkenny and Danny Butterworth join Robins". BBC Sport. 30 August 2024.</ref He was recalled by Norwich on 7 March 2025.<ref>"Dan Barden recalled by parent club Norwich". Swindon Town FC. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 8 March 2025.</ref>

## International career

Barden has played for Wales at under-19 level. In March 2021 he was called up by the Wales under-21 squad for the first time, for the friendly match against Republic of Ireland later that month.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 4 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Norwich City U23 | 2020–21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Norwich City | 2020–21 | Championship | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Norwich City | 2021–22 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Norwich City | 2022–23 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Norwich City | 2023–24 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Norwich City | 2024–25 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Norwich City | Total | Total | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Livingston (loan) | 2021–22 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Maidstone United (loan) | 2022–23 | National League | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Swindon Town (loan) | 2024–25 | League Two | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 39 | 0 |
* 1 2 Appearances in EFL Trophy
* ↑ Appearances in the FA Trophy.
# Tsukishima

35°39′46″N 139°46′58″E﻿ / ﻿35.662849°N 139.782658°E﻿ / 35.662849; 139.782658
Tsukishima (月島) is a place located in Chūō, Tokyo, Japan, in the Sumida River estuary. It is a reclaimed land next to Tsukuda District. The land reclamation completed in 1892, using earth from the dredging work performed to create a shipping channel in Tokyo Bay. At this time, it was designated as industrial area in accordance with the Fukoku Kyōhei National Policy.
Originally, Tsukuda Island was a tiny island at the river mouth. It was inhabited by a fishing community who migrated from Osaka in early 1600s. The original Tsukuda island now is home to the exclusive tower mansion and park complex Rivercity 21.
It has been said that the name (literally "moon island") was originally written using the characters 築島 which can also be read "Tsukishima" but mean "constructed island".
It is currently known for its large number of restaurants serving the local specialty, monjayaki.
Tsukishima Station is served by the Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line and the Toei Subway Ōedo Line.

## Education

Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by Chuo City Board of Education.
Zoned elementary schools include:
* Tsukudajima Elementary School (佃島小学校)'s boundary includes portions of 1-chome
* Tsukishima Daiichi (Tsukishima No. 1) Elementary School (月島第一小学校)'s boundary includes all of 3-chome and portions of 1, 2, and 4-chome
* Tsukishima Daisan (Tsukishima No. 3) Elementary School (月島第三小学校)'s boundary includes portions of 2 and 4-chome
Zoned junior high schools include:
* Tsukuda Junior High School (佃中学校)'s boundary includes all of 1 and 3-chome and portions of 2 and 4-chome
* Harumi Junior High School (晴海中学校)'s boundary includes portions of 2 and 4-chome

## Notable residents

* Masami Kurumada
# Mun Seon-hui

Mun Seon-hui (born January 13, 1968) is a South Korean voice actress who works for KBS' Voice Acting Division.

## Anime television series
### 1969

* Scooby-Doo, Where Are You (Velma)

### 1985

* Dragon Ball (Launch, Chi Chi)

### 1993

* Slam Dunk (Ayako)
* Yaiba (Sayaka Mine)

### 1994

* DNA² (Ami Kurimoto)
* I'll Make a Habit of It! (Nagisa Shiratori)

### 1995

* Jura Tripper (Ojou, Doctor, Mint)
* Romeo's Blue Skies (Angeletta)
* Wedding Peach (Noiizu)

### 1996

* Case Closed (Jodie Starling)
* Duchi and Puku (Duchi's Sister)
* Rurouni Kenshin (Kamiya Kaoru)

### 1997

* Chūka Ichiban (Mei Li, Shan, Pai)
* Slayers Try (Filia Ul Copt)

### 1998

* Cardcaptor Sakura (Sakura Kinomoto)

### 1999

* Digimon Adventure (Mimi Tachikawa, Agumon, Wizardmon)
* Magic User's Club (Nanaka Nakatomi)

### 2000

* Ceres, Celestial Legend (Aya Mikage, Ceres)
* Digimon Adventure 02 (Iori Hida, Jun Motomiya, Arukenimon, Mimi Tachikawa)
* Hamtaro (Hiroko Haruna)

### 2001

* A Little Snow Fairy Sugar (Saga Bergman)
* Fruits Basket (Tohru Honda)
* Mahoromatic (Mahoro Andou)
* Princess Comet (Princess Comet)

### 2002

* Duel Masters (Mimi Tasogare)
* RahXephon (Haruka Shitow)
* Shrine of the Morning Mist (Kurako Hieda)

### 2003

* Spheres (Teacher Joo Ah Ra, Ang Ga Ra)

### 2004

* Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo (Peppo, Victoria de Danglars)
* Ragnarok the Animation (Yuufa)
* Rozen Maiden (Nori Sakurada)
* School Rumble (Tenma Tsukamoto)
* Winx Club (Stella)

### 2005

* Animal Yokochō (Iyo, Shima Shimako, Ako Aomori)
* Rozen Maiden: Träumend (Nori Sakurada)
* SoltyRei (Solty Revant)

### 2006

* Kanon (Akiko Minase)
* School Rumble: Second Term (Tenma Tsukamoto)
* The Familiar of Zero (Louise)

### 2007

* Zero no Tsukaima: Futatsuki no Kishi (Louise)

### 2013

* Pretty Rhythm: Dear My Future (Mia Ageha)
* Love Live! (Hanayo Koizumi)

## Original video animation

* Kirameki☆Project (Kurone)
* Samurai X: Reflection (Kamiya Kaoru)
* School Rumble: Extra Class (Tenma Tsukamoto)

## Theatre anime

* Cardcaptor Sakura: The Movie (Sakura Kinomoto)
* Cardcaptor Sakura Movie 2: The Sealed Card (Sakura Kinomoto)
* Only Yesterday (Taeko Okajima)
* Samurai X: The Motion Picture (Kamiya Kaoru)
* Whisper of the Heart (Shizuku Tsukishima)
* You're Under Arrest: The Movie (Miyuki Kobayakawa)

## Web anime

* I'm Sorry, I Love You (Yoon Seo-kyung)
# FNP (complexity)

In computational complexity theory, the complexity class FNP is the function problem extension of the decision problem class NP. The name is somewhat of a misnomer, since technically it is a class of binary relations, not functions, as the following formal definition explains:
    A binary relation P(x,y), where y is at most polynomially longer than x, is in FNP if and only if there is a deterministic polynomial time algorithm that can determine whether P(x,y) holds given both x and y.
This definition does not involve nondeterminism and is analogous to the verifier definition of NP.
There is an NP language directly corresponding to every FNP relation, sometimes called the decision problem induced by or corresponding to said FNP relation. It is the language formed by taking all the x for which P(x,y) holds given some y; however, there may be more than one FNP relation for a particular decision problem.
Many problems in NP, including many NP-complete problems, ask whether a particular object exists, such as a satisfying assignment, a graph coloring, or a clique of a certain size. These problems often correspond to problems in FNP that ask not only whether an object exists but what value or values such an object can have. When a FNP problem corresponds in this way to an NP-complete problem, it is NP-hard. Bellare and Goldwasser showed in 1994 using some standard assumptions that there exist problems in NP such that their FNP versions are not self-reducible, implying that they are harder than their corresponding decision problem.
For each P(x,y) in FNP, the search problem associated with P(x,y) is: given x, find a y such that P(x,y) holds, or state that no such y exists. The search problem for every relation in FNP can be solved in polynomial time if and only if P = NP. This result is usually stated as "FP = FNP if and only if P = NP"; however, for this statement to be true, it is necessary to redefine FP and FNP so that the members of FP and FNP are not relations, but are instead search problems associated with relations.

## Reductions

Let P$_1$ and P$_2$ be two problems in FNP, with associated verification algorithms A$_1$, A$_2$. A reduction P$_1$ and P$_2$ is defined as two efficiently-computable functions, f and g, such that
* f maps inputs x to P$_1$ to inputs f(x) to P$_2$ ;
* g maps outputs y to P$_2$ to outputs g(y) to P$_1$ ;
* For all x and y: if A$_2$(f(x),y) returns true, then A$_1$(x, g(y)) returns true;
* For all x: if A$_2$(f(x),y) returns false for all y, then A$_1$(x, g(y)) returns false for all y.

## Related complexity classes

* FP is the set of binary relations for which there is a polynomial time algorithm that, given x, finds some y for which P(x,y) holds. The relation between FNP and FP is analogous to the relation between NP and P.
* TFNP is a subset of FNP: it contains those relations in FNP for which, for every x, there exists at least one y for which P(x,y) holds.
# Malik Taylor

Malik Taylor (born December 21, 1995) is an American professional football wide receiver for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Ferris State.

## College career

Taylor finished his college career with 121 receptions and 2,091 yards. Taylor received All-GLIAC honors his junior season but suffered a season ending injury his senior year.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1+3⁄8 in (1.86 m) | 211 lb (96 kg) | 31+7⁄8 in (0.81 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.46 s | 1.66 s | 2.64 s | 4.04 s | 6.81 s | 36.0 in (0.91 m) | 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) | 11 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

After going undrafted, Taylor signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on April 27. Taylor was waived on May 14, 2019.

### Green Bay Packers

On July 19, 2019, Taylor signed with the Green Bay Packers. Taylor was waived on August 31 and signed to the practice squad on September 1.
On September 5, 2020, it was announced Taylor had made the 53-man roster. Taylor made his NFL debut Week 1 against the Minnesota Vikings. Taylor pulled in his first career reception for 20 yards on a 4th down against the Atlanta Falcons in Week 4. Taylor caught his first touchdown in Week 7 against the Houston Texans.
On May 21, 2021, Taylor signed a one-year exclusive-rights free agent tender with the Packers. He was placed on injured reserve on December 24. He signed his tender offer from the Packers on April 18, 2022, to keep him with the team. He was waived/injured on August 17, 2022 and placed on injured reserve. He was released on September 15.

### New York Jets

On December 29, 2022, Taylor was signed to the New York Jets practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 9, 2023. He was waived on August 29, 2023, and re-signed to the practice squad on September 12. Taylor was elevated to the active roster on November 6. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 8, 2024. He was placed on injured reserve on August 18, 2024.

## NFL career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | Fum | Lost |
| 2020 | GB | 15 | 1 | 5 | 66 | 13.2 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | GB | 10 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 7.0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 | GB | 0 | 0 | — | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2023 | NYJ | 3 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 6.5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 28 | 1 | 9 | 93 | 8.9 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Source: pro-football-reference.com |||||||||||