OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain

A metatarsophalangeal joint sprain is an injury to the connective tissue between the foot and a toe (at a metatarsophalangeal joint, one of the joints in the ball of the foot). When the big toe is involved, it is known as "turf toe".

## Causes

Turf toe is named from the injury being associated with playing sports on rigid surfaces such as artificial turf and is a fairly common injury among professional American football players. Often, the injury occurs when someone or something falls on the back of the calf while that leg's knee and tips of the toes are touching the ground. The toe is hyperextended and thus the joint is injured. Additionally, athletic shoes with very flexible soles combined with cleats that "grab" the turf will cause overextension of the big toe. This can occur on the lesser toes as well. It has also been observed in sports beyond American football, including soccer, baseball, basketball, rugby, volleyball, and tae kwon do. This is a primary reason why many athletes prefer natural grass to turf, because it is softer.

## Treatment

The injury can be debilitating for athletes of many sports who need to accelerate, quickly change direction, or jump. Use of the toes is not possible during the healing process. Since the toes are necessary for proper push-off when accelerating, those sorts of athletic activities should be almost completely curtailed. An extended healing period of one or more months is often required.
Because of the anatomy of the distal foot and the unique use of the foot, it is often impossible to properly tape or brace the joint. Although difficult, it is not impossible to tape the toe to limit extension (upward bend of toe). Additionally, wearing a shoe with a rigid sole (often a metal plate) and cushioned innersole will help minimize extension of the joint. Anti-inflammatory medication, as well as physical therapy, is recommended.
Turf toe is usually healed in about 2–3 weeks. It can become more serious if left untreated, and may cause serious problems for the athlete. Treating the injury includes icing of the area, elevating the foot, or possibly the use of custom orthotics.
# Wally Burr

Walter Story Burr (June 2, 1924 – July 9, 2017), also credited as Wally Burr and Walter Burr, was an American voice actor and director.
As the voice director for The Transformers and The Transformers: The Movie, Burr was known for his perfectionist recording sessions that lasted eight hours. He voice directed several other cartoons during the 1980s, such as G.I. Joe, Jem, Inspector Gadget, and Spider-Man. Burr's vocal performances include The Atom on Super Friends, and Harvey Gabor on Jem, among others.
Burr served in the U.S. Army during World War II as a tank commander and saw action in Normandy. After the war, he was promoted to captain. He had two children.

## Filmography
### Animation roles

* Crying Freeman - Larry Buck
* G.I. Joe - Captain Lukrov, Dr. Hamler (in "The Pit of Vipers")
* Jem - Harvey Gabor
* Spider-Man - Additional Voices
* The All-New Super Friends Hour - Atom
* The Skatebirds - Additional Voices
* The Transformers - Dancitron Promoter, Jazz (in Kremzeek!), King Nergill, Kremzeek, Ratchet (in "Masquerade"), Seaspray (in his PSA), Thundercracker (in "War Dawn")

### Film roles

* Akira (1989 Streamline Dub) - Additional Voices
* Fist of the North Star - Raoh
* Pearl Harbor - Newsreel Voice

### Video game roles

* Stonekeep - Big Sharda, Fil Ettin, Nigel Hardstone

## Crew work

* Akira (1989 Streamline Dub) - Voice Director (Uncredited)
* Bucky O'Hare - Voice Director
* Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels - Voice Director
* Clue Club - Voice Director
* Conan: The Adventurer - Voice Director
* Dino-Riders - Voice Director
* Dynomutt, Dog Wonder - Voice Director
* Exosquad - Casting Director (Season 1), Voice Director (Season 1)
* G.I. Joe - Voice Director
* G.I. Joe: The Movie - Voice Director
* Godzilla - Voice Director
* Hong Kong Phooey - Voice Director
* Inhumanoids - Voice Director
* Inspector Gadget - Voice Director (Season 1)
* Jem - Voice Director
* The Mumbly Cartoon Show - Voice Director
* My Little Pony Tales - Voice Director, Producer (Song Vocals)
* Rainbow Brite - Voice Director
* Spider-Man - Voice Director
* The Skatebirds - Voice Director
* The Transformers - Voice Director
* The Transformers: The Movie - Voice Director
* Valley of the Dinosaurs - Voice Director
* Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light - Voice Director
* Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch - Voice Director
# Catherine Rampell

Catherine Chelsea Rampell (born November 4, 1984) is an American opinion editor and nationally syndicated opinion columnist.

## Early life and education

Rampell grew up in a Jewish family in South Florida, the daughter of Ellen (née Kahn), an accountant, and Richard Rampell. Both of her parents are Princeton alumni.
Rampell is a graduate of Palm Beach Day Academy. Rampell graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts (AB) in anthropology in 2007 after completing a 150-page-long senior thesis, titled "Hawk the Vote: Marketing Voting to American Youth", under the supervision of James A. Boon.

## Career

Rampell is an opinion columnist for The Washington Post and a member of The Washington Post Writers Group. She is also a political commentator for CNN and PBS NewsHour. Prior to joining The Washington Post, Rampell was an economics journalist, theater critic, and blogger for The New York Times.
In a roundtable discussion on CNN in 2025, she dared Scott Jennings to raise his arm the way Elon Musk did, whom Jennings was defending.
In the spring, Rampell will join MSNBC's The Weekend.

## Personal life

In September 2014, Rampell married Christopher Conlon. Conlon has served as an Assistant Professor of Economics at Columbia University and Associate Professor of Economics at New York University's Stern School of Business.
# 2MASS

The Two Micron All-Sky Survey, or 2MASS, was an astronomical survey of the whole sky in infrared light. It took place between 1997 and 2001, in two different locations: at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, each using a 1.3-meter telescope for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. It was conducted in the short-wavelength infrared at three distinct frequency bands (J, H, and K) near 2 micrometres, from which the photometric survey with its HgCdTe detectors derives its name.
2MASS produced an astronomical catalog with over 300 million observed objects, including minor planets of the Solar System, brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies. In addition, 1 million objects were cataloged in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog (2MASX). The cataloged objects are designated with a "2MASS" and "2MASX"-prefix respectively.

## Catalog

The final data release for 2MASS occurred in 2003, and is served by the Infrared Science Archive. The goals of this survey included:
* Detection of galaxies in the "Zone of Avoidance", a strip of sky obscured in visible light by our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
* Detection of brown dwarfs. 2MASS discovered a total of 173, including 2MASS 0939-2448, 2MASS 0415-0935, 2M1207, and 2MASS J04414489+2301513.
* An extensive survey of low mass stars, the most common type of star both in our own galaxy and others.
* Cataloging of all detected stars and galaxies.
* Infrared measurements from the 2MASS survey have been particularly effective at unveiling previously undiscovered star clusters.
Numerical descriptions of point sources (stars, planets, asteroids) and extended sources (galaxies, nebulae) were cataloged by automated computer programs to an average limiting magnitude of about 14. More than 300 million point sources and 1 million extended sources were cataloged. In November 2003, a team of scientists announced the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, at that time the closest known satellite galaxy to the Milky Way, based on analysis of 2MASS stellar data.
The resulting data and images from the survey are currently in the public domain, and may be accessed online for free by anyone. There is also a list of 2MASS science publications with links to free pre-publication copies of the papers.
2MASS is sponsored by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC, run by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Caltech), NASA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
# Folk of the 80's

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | Folk of the 80's at AllMusic |
Folk of the 80's is an EP released by Canadian synth-pop group Men Without Hats. Recorded in the summer of 1980 at Studio A in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and released later that year, it was their first release.
The song "Antarctica" is featured here in its original length with an extra instrumental break and verse that does not appear in the edit used on the album Rhythm of Youth and future compilation albums. The song "Modern(e) Dancing" proved to be a minor club hit in the local Montreal alternative club scene at the time of the initial release of the EP.
The original 1984 UK CD release of Rhythm of Youth contained this EP and the extended club remix of "The Safety Dance" as bonus tracks; however, the version of "Antarctica" used there was edited.
All four songs on the record later appeared on the band's Freeways EP in 1985. In 2014, the album was reissued as a digital download; however, it used the single version of "Antarctica".
This EP is not to be confused with Folk of the 80's (Part III), the band's second studio album.
Music videos were filmed for "Antarctica" and "Security". The former features Ivan and Arrobas playing the song against a white background, with Ivan on bass and Arrobas on synths.

## Personnel

* Ivan Doroschuk - vocals, electronics
* Jeremie Arrobas - drums, electronics
with:
* Stefan Doroschuk - bass
* Roman Martyn - guitars
* Lysanne Thibodeau - backing vocals, electronics
# Merle Krigul

Merle Krigul (born 23 December 1954 Tartu) is an Estonian philologist and politician. She was a member of VII Riigikogu.
Merle Krigul graduated from the University of Tartu with a degree in Estonian language and literature in 1978. She defended her master's degree in international business management (MBA) at the Estonian Business School in 2004 and received her doctorate in international relations at Audentes University. In 2005, she worked as the State Chancellery as an advisor to the Prime Minister.
# Kanal D

Kanal D (English: Channel D) is a nationwide television channel in Turkiye that is part of Demirören Group. It was founded by Ayhan Şahenk and Aydın Doğan in 1993.
The network has also run an international channel, Euro D, since 1996, which is available online, and had the first high definition channel in Turkey, Kanal D HD.
The text 'KANAL D' is not displayed in its Turkish broadcast. Only the blue earth section of the logo is displayed throughout commercial sections. Kanal D is broadcast via satellite to 27 countries.

## Kanal D Romania

On 18 February 2007, Kanal D launched a television channel in Romania under the same name. It remains under the ownership by Doğan Holding, while the rest of Kanal D brand has been sold to Demirören Group in 2018.

## Kanal D International

An international version of the channel is operated by Demirören Group which showcases popular Turkish series. It was launched in Turkey on December 16, 1993, before launching in Germany in 1996. The channel now operates worldwide. Each of the individual channels broadcasts with a local schedule, advertising, dubbing and subtitling unique to each territory.

## Programs broadcast by Kanal D

Kanal D Turkey focuses on original programming.

### Weekly series

This is a list of television programs that have been broadcast on Kanal D before or are currently being broadcast.
* 2023: Ya Çok Seversen (What If I Love You) (Saturday at 20:00)
* 2023: Dönence (The Tropical) (Tuesday at 20:00)
* 2023: Dilek Taşı (Wishing Stone) (Thursday at 20:00) Upcoming
# Jüri Kaver

Jüri Kaver (27 February 1974 in Võru) is an Estonian politician. He was a member of IX Riigikogu and former mayor Võru from 21 April 2011 to 11 November 2013.
# Jeremy Hearder

Jeremy Victor Roblin Hearder (born 1936) is an Australian author and historian, and former diplomat and public servant.
He held several international postings for the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, including Laos, Tanzania, Thailand, Kenya, Belgium, Zimbabwe, Fiji, the United States and New Zealand. He was Australia's first High Commissioner to Zimbabwe (1980–84) and is the author of the biography Jim Plim: Ambassador Extraordinary (2015). He also served as the Department's Chief of Protocol.

## Life and career

Born in 1936 in Peshawar, India (later Pakistan), Hearder was the son of one of three founders of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service, former British army officer Roblin Hearder. The younger Hearder joined the Department of External Affairs in January 1959.
In 1980, Hearder was appointed the first High Commissioner to Zimbabwe, shortly after Zimbabwe's independence. Retaining his High Commissioner position, in 1981 Hearder was accredited High Commissioner to Botswana, and in 1982 he was accredited also as Australia's first Ambassador to Mozambique. In 1984, after his posting in Harare came to an end, Hearder moved to Suva, Fiji, to take up a second High Commissioner posting.
Hearder was Consul-General in Chicago from 1988 to 1991, responsible for promoting Australian trade and investment to America's mid-west.
In 2015, Hearder launched his book, Jim Plim: Ambassador Extraordinary, a biography of diplomat James Plimsoll whom Hearder had worked with in the late 1970s in Brussels. Reviewing the book, Philip Flood wrote that Hearder had done justice to Plimsoll's career as a great Australian ambassador.

## Works

* Jim Plim: Ambassador Extraordinary: A Biography of Sir James Plimsoll, Connor Court Publishing, 2015, ISBN 9781925138498
# Jüri Mõis

Jüri Mõis (born 25 October 1956 in Pärnu) is an Estonian politician and businessman, who was mayor of Tallinn between November 1999 and June 2001, and who was the Minister of the Interior between 25 March and 5 November 1999. He is one of the three founders of Hansapank.
# Type 11 37 mm infantry gun

The Type 11 37 mm infantry support gun (十一年式平射歩兵砲, Jyūiichinen-shiki Heisha hoheihō) was an infantry support gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. The Type 11 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the 11th year of Emperor Taishō's reign (1922).

## History and development

The Type 11 infantry gun entered service in 1922. It was intended to be used against enemy machine gun positions and light tanks, and in a modified form was used to equip some early Japanese tanks (the Japanese Renault NC27 and some early Type 89 I-Go medium tanks). It had been largely been superseded by the Type 94 37 mm anti-tank gun by beginning of the Pacific War. However it was still used until the end of World War II.

## Design

The Type 11 infantry gun was based on the French Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP, for which Japan bought a production license after World War I, and modified it to suit Japanese requirements. It fired from a tubular steel tripod and used a vertically sliding breechblock, that was opened and closed by a lever on the right side of the gun. The gun was fired by pulling sharply on a cord hanging from its rear, which drove a lever into the firing pin, which impacted and initiated the percussion cap in the rear of the shell.
It was intended to be carried into action by its gunners using the rear legs of the gun as carrying poles and lacked wheels entirely, with a pair of removable poles at the front allowing four soldiers to lift the weapon. The rear legs of the weapon were fitted with spades to firmly fix the gun in position.
The gun fired the Type 12 high-explosive shell, which contained 41 grams of explosive, as well as an ineffective anti-tank shell.

## Combat record

The Type 11 infantry support guns were typically assigned in groups of four to combat infantry regiments. Each weapon was operated by a squad of 10 soldiers (a squad leader, four gunners (two of whom stood in reserve a little distance from the gun), three troops to carry ammunition and two troops who handled the pack horses used with the gun), and was kept in contact with the regimental headquarters (typically up to 300 meters) away by field telephone or messenger runners.
The gun was effective in the early stages of the Second-Sino-Japanese War for its intended purpose of providing heavy infantry firepower against semi-fortified positions, such as pillboxes, machine gun nests, and lightly armored vehicles. However, its low muzzle velocity, small caliber and low rate of fire rendered it quickly obsolete against Allied forces equipped with tanks, and it was seldom seen outside of reserve units during the Pacific War.

## Similar Weapons

* 3.7 cm Infanteriegeschütz M.15
* 37 mm trench gun M1915
* 3.7 cm TAK 1918
* Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP
# Kalle Jürgenson

Kalle Jürgenson (born 1 September 1960 in Tallinn) is an Estonian astrophysicist and politician. He was a member of VII, VIII and IX Riigikogu, and the Mayor of Elva from 1998 until 1999.
# Robert Island

Robert Island or Mitchells Island or Polotsk Island or Roberts Island is an island 11 miles (18 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, situated between Nelson Island and Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Robert Island is located at 62°24′S 59°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.500°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.500. Its surface area is 132 km$^2$ (51 sq mi). The name "Robert Island" dates back to around 1821 and is now established in international usage.
Much of the Coppermine Peninsula in the west of the island is made up by a perched strandflat surface that was at sea level in the past.
Captain Richard Fildes may have named Robert Island for his brig Robert. Fildes was sealing in the South Shetlands in 1821–1822 until ice destroyed his vessel in March 1822. Fildes Strait is named for him.
# Jane Parry

Jane Louise Parry (born 15 November 1964) is a female former track and field athlete who competed for England in the 400 metres.

## Biography

Parry attended The Whitby High School, and lived at 2 Woodland Road. She was sponsored by BNFL at Capenhurst. She had six months in Tucson at the University of Arizona on an athletics scholarship. She went to Chester College.
Parry finished third behind Michelle Scutt in the 200 metres event at the 1983 WAAA Championships.
At the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, she represented Great Britain flying in as a late addition to the team, but was told that she was not in the team three days before the race.
Parry finished third behind Kathy Cook in the 400 metres event at the 1986 WAAA Championships and the following month represented England in the 4 x 400 metres relay event with Kathy Cook, Linda Keough and Angela Piggford, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.
By 1989 she was called Jane Wedgewood.
# Hayasaka

Hayasaka (written: 早坂) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fumio Hayasaka (早坂 文雄, 1914–1955), Japanese composer
* Keisuke Hayasaka (早坂 圭介, born 1984), Japanese baseball player
* Miki Hayasaka (早坂 未紀, born 1955), Japanese illustrator and manga artist
* Ryota Hayasaka (早坂 良太, born 1985), Japanese footballer
* Yoshie Hayasaka (早坂 好恵, born 1975), Japanese actress and singer

## Fictional characters

* Ai Hayasaka (早坂 愛), a supporting character in the anime and manga series Kaguya-sama: Love Is War
# Hatice Akbaş

Hatice Akbaş (born 1 January 2002) is a Turkish Olympics silver medalist, world and European champion female boxer competing in the bantamweight (54 kg) division.

## Early years

Hatice Akbaş started boxing at her age of nine in the sport hall her father opened in Malatya.
She took the gold medal at the 2016 European Women Youth Boxing Championships in Ordu, Turkey. She became champion in the flyweight (50–52 kg) event at the 2022 European U22 Boxing Championships held in Poreč, Croatia on 22 March 2022.

## Boxing career

On 20 May 2022, she won the gold medal in the 54 kg category at the Women's World Championship defeating Romania's Lăcrămioara Perijoc in the bantamweight final in Istanbul, Turkey. At the 2022 Mediterranean Games in Oran, Algeria, she captured the gold medal. She took a bronze medal at the 2023 European Games in Nowy Targ, Poland on 30 June 2023.
Akbaş is a member of Fenerbahçe Boxing.
At the 3rd European Games held at Nowy Targ Arena in Nowy Targ, Poland, she reached the semi-finals in the women's bantamweight division after bypassing the first round, defeating Hungarian Hanna Lakotár 5-0 in the second round and Italian Sirine Charaabi 4-1 in the quarter-finals. She lost to Romanian Lăcrămioara Perijoc 3-2 in the semi-final and won the bronze medal. She won a quota for the 2024 Summer Olympics.
In the round of 32, the first match of the 2024 Summer Olympics, the Great Britain boxer defeated Charley Davison and advanced to the last 16 round.

## Personal life

Hatice Akbaş was born in Ankara, Turkey, on 1 January 2002. Her father, Kerem Akbaş, was a Turkish champion boxer in 2010 but gained no international success. She has a sister and an older brother.
# Godspeed (Camila Cabello song)

"Godspeed" is a song by American singer Camila Cabello from the reissue of her fourth studio album, C,XOXO (Magic City Edition) (2024).

## Live performance

Cabello debuted the performance of the song along with "June Gloom" at the 2024 MTV Video Music Awards on September 11, 2024. Later, Cabello performed the song at BBC Radio 1’s Live Lounge on October 1, 2024.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal
* Camila Cabello – vocals, songwriting
* Pablo Díaz-Reixa – programming, drums, songwriting
* Jasper Harris – synthesizer, bass, songwriting
* Mark Williams – synthesizer
* Raul Cubina – synthesizer
* Zack Sekoff – songwriting
* Dale Becker – mastering
* Katie Harvey – mastering assistance
* Noah McCorkle – mastering assistance
* Jon Castelli – mixing
* Salvador "Better Call Sal" Majail – engineering
* Bart Schoudel – vocal production, engineering
* Antonio "Dj Fuse" Olivera – engineering assistance
* Anthony D'Annunzio – production coordinating
* Emme Lehmann Boddicker – production coordinating, A&R coordinating
* John Janick – production coordinating, A&R
* Roger Gold – production coordinating
* Sam French – production coordinating
* Sam Riback – production coordinating, A&R
* Vanessa Angiuli – production coordinating, A&R
* Dale Becker – studio personnel

## Charts

Chart performance for "Godspeed" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Sales (Official Charts Company) | 93 |
# Adelstein

Adelstein is a surname of Jewish and German origin meaning "precious stone".
Notable people with the surname include:
* Abraham Manie Adelstein (1916–1992), South African medical statistician
* Garrett Adelstein (born 1986), American professional poker player
* Jake Adelstein, American journalist and writer
* Jonathan Adelstein, American Federal Communications Commissioner
* Marty Adelstein, American television producer
* Paul Adelstein (born 1969), American film actor
* Stan Adelstein (born 1931), American politician