# Pegasus Airlines

Pegasus Airlines (Turkish: Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.) (BİST: PGSUS), sometimes stylized as Flypgs, is a Turkish low-cost carrier headquartered in the Kurtköy area of Pendik, Turkey, with bases at several Turkish airports.

## History
### Foundation and early years

On 1 December 1989, two businesses, Net and Silkar, partnered with Aer Lingus to create an inclusive tour charter airline called Pegasus Airlines; services were inaugurated on 15 April 1990 with two Boeing 737-400s. In Greek mythology, Pegasus (Greek: Πήγασος Pégasos, 'strong') was a winged horse sired by Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and foaled by the Gorgon Medusa. However, four months after the launch, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and the seven-month occupation that followed had a serious effect on Turkish tourism. By 1992, tourists began returning to the country, and Pegasus grew with the acquisition of a third 737-400. The airline leased a further two Airbus A320s to meet the summer demand.
After two positive years, Aer Lingus and Net sold their shares in the company in 1994 to Istanbul-based Yapı Kredi bank, making Pegasus a purely Turkish company.
On 4 September 1997, Pegasus placed an order for one 737-400 and one 737-800 from Boeing Commercial Airplanes, making it the first Turkish carrier to place an order for the Boeing 737 Next Generation. The airline also signed lease agreements for a further 10 737-800s from the ILFC.
In January 2005, ESAS Holdings purchased Pegasus Airlines and placed Ali Sabanci as the chairman. Two months later, he changed the airline from a charter airline to a low-cost airline. In November 2005, Pegasus placed an order for 12 new 737-800s from Boeing, which was backed up with an order for a further 12 737-800s in November 2008. The latter order had flexibility, as the orders could be changed to the 149-seat 737-700 or the 215-seat 737-900 depending on market demand. In 2018, Pegasus tried to acquire an A380, but later cancelled the order.
In 2007, Pegasus had reached a domestic market share of 15%, which grew to 27% in 2013. In 2019, it carried a total of 29.87 million passengers.

### Development since 2010

In November 2011, Air Berlin and Pegasus Airlines launched Air Berlin Turkey, which was aimed at the charter market between Germany and Turkey. The new airline, however, was absorbed into Pegasus Airlines on 31 March 2013.
In 2012, Pegasus Airlines, the second-largest airline in Turkey, signed for up to 100 A320neo family aircraft, of which 75, 57 A320neos and 18 A321neos, were firm orders. Pegasus became a new Airbus customer and the first Turkish airline to order the A320neo. This was the largest single commercial aircraft order ever placed by an airline in Turkey at that time and was announced on 18 December 2012 at a ceremony attended by Binali Yıldırım, the Turkish Minister of Transport. In June 2012, Pegasus Airlines bought 49% of the Kyrgyz air company Air Manas. On 22 March 2013, the air company operated its first flight under the brand name Pegasus Asia.
The company offered 34.5% of its shares of stock to the public. The shares began to be traded at the Borsa Istanbul as BİST: PGSUS on 26 April 2013.
In October 2016, Pegasus Airlines announced it was offering three of its aircraft on the ACMI and leasing markets, stating severely decreasing passenger numbers.
In August 2022, Pegasus Airlines experienced a data breach that exposed over 6.5TB of data, including a number of internal passwords and the personal information of flight crew. The breach occurred after Pegasus accidentally configured one of the Amazon S3 storage buckets used for PegasusEFB, its electronic flight bag system, to be without any security, exposing its contents to the public Internet. The breach affected Turkish Airlines and Air Manas, who also used PegasusEFB.

## Corporate affairs
### Business trends

The key trends for Pegasus Airlines are (as of the financial year ending 31 December):
| | Net profit (₺m) | Number of employees | Number of passengers (m) | Passenger load factor (%) | Fleet size |
| 2015 | 111 | 4,967 | 22.3 | 79.0 | 67 |
| 2016 | −136 | 5,257 | 24.1 | 78.6 | 82 |
| 2017 | 501 | 5,337 | 27.8 | 84.6 | 76 |
| 2018 | 502 | 5,621 | 29.9 | 85.5 | 82 |
| 2019 | 1,334 | 6,164 | 29.8 | 86.0 | 84 |
| 2020 | −1,965 | 6,130 | 14.7 | 79.7 | 93 |
| 2021 | −1,972 | 5,837 | 20.1 | 77.3 | 90 |
| 2022 | 7,100 | 6,765 | 26.9 | 83.6 | 96 |
| 2023 | 20,907 | 7,670 | 31.9 | 84.8 | 110 |

### Cabin

Pegasus Airlines operates a one-class interior configuration on all of its aircraft. A "Flying Cafe" is available to all passengers, whereby food and beverages are provided for an additional charge. Pegasus is also considering installing in-flight entertainment and charging for headphones (currently, only overhead screens are available on selected 737-800s, and they only display a computer-generated map showing the flight's progress). All new Boeing 737-800s which arrived after November 2011 have Boeing Sky Interior.

### Training and maintenance

Unlike most low-cost carriers, Pegasus runs its own flight crew training centre and maintenance organisation, Pegasus Technic. Both centres are fully licensed and are used to train new staff members both on the ground and in the air.

### Sponsorships

Pegasus Airlines was one of the official sponsors of Nef Stadium, the stadium of Turkish Football Club Galatasaray S.K. from 2011 to 2013.

## Destinations

As of July 2024, Pegasus operated flights to 148 destinations in 53 countries across Europe, Asia and North Africa.

### Codeshare agreements

Pegasus Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:
* Delta Air Lines
* Flynas
* ITA Airways
* KLM
* Nile Air
* Qatar Airways

### Interline agreements

Pegasus Airlines has interline agreement with the following airline:
* Air Transat
* Emirates
* Norse Atlantic Airways

## Fleet
### Current fleet

As of March 2025, Pegasus Airlines operates the following aircraft:
Pegasus Airlines fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Airbus A320-200 | 6 | — | 180 | All aircraft to be phased out. |
| Airbus A320neo | 46 | — | 186 | |
| Airbus A321neo | 58 | 51 | 239 | |
| Boeing 737-800 | 9 | — | 189 | All aircraft to be phased out. |
| Boeing 737 MAX 10 | — | 100 | TBA | Order with 100 options. |
| Total | 119 | 151 | | |

### Former fleet

Pegasus Airlines formerly also operated the following aircraft types:
Former Pegasus Airlines fleet :
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
| Airbus A300B4-200 | 2 | 1996 | 1997 | |
| Boeing 737-300 | 1 | 2008 | 2009 | Leased from Corendon Airlines. |
| Boeing 737-400 | 16 | 1990 | 2013 | |
| Boeing 737-500 | 3 | 2006 | 2011 | |

## Incidents and accidents

* On 10 March 2010, Pegasus Airlines Flight 361, an Airbus A319 operated by IZair on a ferry flight, made an emergency landing at Frankfurt Airport, Germany after a malfunction in the nose gear. The flight landed safely but blew both front nose gear tires. The airport closed runway 07R/25L for 3 hours to allow recovery. The nose gear suffered the same problem as JetBlue Flight 292.
* On 7 February 2014, Pegasus Airlines Flight 751, a Boeing 737, was the victim of an attempted hijacking by Ukrainian passenger Artem Kozlov who claimed he had a bomb on board. The passenger demanded to be flown to Sochi, the host city of the 2014 Winter Olympics, where the Opening Ceremony was taking place. The plane landed safely in Istanbul.
* On 13 January 2018, Pegasus Airlines Flight 8622, a Boeing 737-800 (registration TC-CPF) from Ankara Esenboğa Airport, Ankara to Trabzon Airport, veered off the wet runway at Trabzon, slid into the ground of an acutely angled cliff, and got stuck in the mud, which prevented the 41-tonne fuselage from skidding into the Black Sea. All 168 people on board survived and there were no reported injuries. The aircraft sustained substantial damage.
* On 7 January 2020, Pegasus Airlines Flight 747, a Boeing 737-800 (registration TC-CCK), overran the runway on landing at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (IATA: SAW) causing substantial damage to the aircraft. All 164 people on board evacuated via slides. There were no injuries, and the aircraft was repaired.
* On 5 February 2020, Pegasus Airlines Flight 2193, a Boeing 737-800 (registration TC-IZK), overran the runway on landing at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (IATA: SAW). The fuselage broke into three segments and an engine caught fire. Three passengers were killed and 179 occupants were injured.
* On 26 January 2021, Pegasus Airlines Flight 939, an Airbus A320-251N, touched down on runway 15 at Basel Mulhouse-Freiburg EuroAirport with the nose landing gear rotated 90 degrees. The nosegear tyres ruptured as a result of the friction.

## Data breach

On 1 June 2022, a vulnerability in software developed by Pegasus has left 6.5 terabytes of data exposed online. The data breach, which comprises 23 million files including personal information of flight crew, is thought to have originated from a misconfigured bucket on Amazon’s cloud service AWS.

## Controversies

Pegasus Airlines continues to operate flights to Russia despite its invasion of Ukraine and the resulting international sanctions. While most Western airlines have ceased operations in or over Russian airspace, Pegasus maintains its routes, aligning with Turkey’s close diplomatic and economic ties to Moscow. This includes contributing to government-backed efforts to support Russian tourism by allocating significant resources, such as 500,000 seats, for Russian passengers.