# 33rd Chess Olympiad

The 33rd Chess Olympiad (33-я Шахматная олимпиада, 33-ya Shakhmatnaya olimpiada; Kalmyk: 33-гче Шатрин олимпиад, 33-gçe Şatrin olimpiad), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, took place between September 26 and October 13, 1998, in Elista, Kalmykia, Russia. There were 110 teams in the open event and 72 in the women's event.
The Olympiad was the first international chess event to be held at Chess City. Construction of the complex was not complete by the start of the tournament, and some FIDE members were concerned that the facilities would not be ready in time, including the airport, telephone system, player housing, and the "Chess Palace" to be used as the main playing hall.
Reported human rights abuses by FIDE and Kalmykia president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov led to calls for a boycott from Valery Borshchev, a member of the Duma. The British government did not call for a boycott but confirmed "reliable reports of human rights problems" and suggested that Kalmykian authorities might use publicity from Olympiad participation by foreign teams for its own purposes. Three nations were signed up but chose to stay away: Denmark, Norway, and Slovakia.
The opening ceremony took place as scheduled, but the Chess Palace was still covered in scaffolding and was missing many windows. The first round was delayed, one free day was eliminated, and the tournament was shortened to 13 rounds from the planned 14. The organizers worked around the clock and playing conditions improved as the tournament progressed, although the main playing hall was not properly heated. Living conditions, food and drink, and telephone service were generally reported to be acceptable.
Both tournament sections were officiated by International Arbiter Geurt Gijssen (Netherlands). Teams were paired across the 13 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system. The open division was played over four boards per round, whilst the women's was played over three. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. the Buchholz system; and 2. match points.
The time control for each game permitted each player 100 minutes to make their first 40 moves, then an additional 50 minutes to make the next 20 moves, and then 10 minutes to finish the game, with an additional 30 seconds devolving on each player after each move, beginning with the first.
In addition to the overall medal winners, the teams were divided into seeding groups, with the top finishers in each group receiving special prizes.

## Open event

The open division was contested by 110 teams representing 106 nations. Russia, as hosts, fielded an unprecedented four teams (Russia "C" was referred to as "Team Kalmykia" and Russia "D" was a youth team), whilst the International Braille Chess Association provided one squad.
Even without their strongest players, the "Three Ks" (PCA world champion Garry Kasparov, FIDE champion Anatoly Karpov and Vladimir Kramnik), Russia were still favourites, and the team did win their fourth consecutive title. The United States improved another spot from the previous Olympiad and finished second, and Ukraine took the bronze medals, beating Israel on tiebreak.
    Open event #CountryPlayersAverage ratingPointsBuchholz 1 RussiaSvidler, Rublevsky, Bareev, Morozevich, Zvjaginsev, Sakaev268435½ 2 United StatesYermolinsky, Shabalov, Seirawan, Gulko, De Firmian, Kaidanov263134½ 3 UkraineIvanchuk, Onischuk, Romanishin, Malaniuk, Savchenko, Ponomariov263832½394.0 4 IsraelAlterman, Smirin, Sutovsky, Psakhis, Kosashvili, Avrukh259332½379.0 5 ChinaPeng Xiaomin, Ye Jiangchuan, Zhang Zhong, Yu Shaoteng, Wu Wenjin, Wang Rui249831½389.5 6 GermanyYusupov, Dautov, Lutz, Hübner, Gabriel, Luther261031½386.5 7 GeorgiaAzmaiparashvili, Giorgadze, Sturua, Bagaturov, Supatashvili, Janjgava260131½377.5 8 Russia "B"Dreev, Filippov, Volkov, Kobalia, Yemelin, Shariyazdanov259431395.5 9 HungaryAlmási, Pintér, C. Horváth, J. Horváth, Varga, Gyimesi258831375.0 10 RomaniaIstrățescu, Marin, Nisipeanu, Ionescu, Nevednichy, Vajda254830½392.5
    #CountryAverage ratingPointsBuchholzMP 11 England266130½390.5 12 Netherlands260530½380.5 13 Belarus255530½378.5 14 Latvia253330½369.5 15 Poland256430½361.5 16 Armenia263030397.5 17 Bulgaria262630393.0 18 Yugoslavia256330367.5 19 Kazakhstan251930359.5 =20 Sweden254629½372.016 =20 Czech Republic256529½372.016 22 Lithuania253929½368.0 23 Slovenia251529½357.5 24 Cuba251929379.5 25 Croatia255929363.0 26 France258528½383.5 27 Uzbekistan252528½373.5 28 Argentina254528½372.0 29 Spain260128½370.5 30 Bosnia and Herzegovina259028½368.0 31 Switzerland250928½364.5 32 Russia "C"247028½357.5 33 India249128½353.0 34 Mexico246428½343.0 35 Philippines244328368.5 36 Greece253128366.5 37 Moldova251128364.5 38 Egypt237128338.5 39 Kyrgyzstan249527½373.5 40 Estonia258027½370.5 41 Italy248827½360.0 42 Canada246627½358.5 43 Azerbaijan247427½356.0 44 Albania241827½354.014 45 Finland242027½354.012 46 North Macedonia249927½352.5 47 Tajikistan237627½348.5 48 Brazil248527½348.0 49 Mongolia237027½341.5 50 Austria239027360.0 51 Iceland248927355.0 52IBCA226327339.5 53 Bangladesh238426½353.5 54 Belgium233526½351.0 55 Vietnam246426½348.5 56 New Zealand228626½323.0 57 Colombia244526356.0 58 Ireland234926343.5 59 Iran237426339.0 60 Luxembourg233926333.0 61 Chile241526331.0 62 Angola222926313.5 63 Australia240525½342.0 64 Peru239825½337.5 65 Venezuela231425½334.5 66 Scotland234825½334.0 67 Portugal241825½333.5 68 Wales227525½320.0 69 Nigeria225625½318.5 70 Turkey244425 71 Turkmenistan243124½352.5 72 Faroe Islands223324½341.5 73 Iraq230124½329.0 74 Malaysia207524321.0 75 United Arab Emirates222324316.5 76 Puerto Rico223824313.5 77 Andorra227624308.5 78 Jamaica206624307.5 79 Ecuador225423½330.0 80 South Africa231823½326.0 81 Zimbabwe218423½316.0 82 Russia "D"221523½315.5 83 Kenya203523½302.0 84 Yemen224623328.5 85 Bolivia214823315.0 86 Libya200023301.0 87 Cyprus224323299.0 88 Singapore212923294.5 89 Qatar227622½317.5 90 Trinidad and Tobago211822½312.0 91 El Salvador207622½305.5 92 Japan219122½303.5 93 Uganda204522½296.0 94 Lebanon219122323.0 95 Palestine218422288.5 96 San Marino214922276.0 97 Honduras207822270.0 98 Nicaragua215121½296.5 99 Barbados205421½272.0 100 Macau214821½268.0 101 Botswana204521 102 Malta213420½293.0 103 Namibia206020½273.0 104 Mali204920½261.5 105 Jersey208120265.5 106 Afghanistan200020260.0 107 Netherlands Antilles204319 108 Guernsey209018½ 109 Seychelles206018 110 United States Virgin Islands20003

### Individual medals

* Performance rating: Zurab Azmaiparashvili 2804
* Board 1: Mohamad Al-Modiahki 7½ / 8 = 93.8%
* Board 2: Odion Aikhoje 6½ / 8 = 81.3%
* Board 3: Reynaldo Vera González 7 / 9 = 77.8%
* Board 4: Hamaid Gadhi 6½ / 8 = 81.3%
* 1st reserve: Andrew Muir 6 / 7 = 85.7%
* 2nd reserve: Boris Avrukh 8 / 10 = 80.0%

## Women's event

The women's division was contested by 72 teams representing 69 nations. Russia, as hosts, fielded three teams, whilst the International Braille Chess Association entered one squad.
China finally broke the Eastern European dominance by winning the title, led by former (and future) world champion Xie Jun and future champion Zhu Chen. Russia took the silver, whilst defending quadruple champions Georgia had to settle for bronze.
    #CountryPlayersAverage ratingPointsBuchholz 1 ChinaXie Jun, Zhu Chen, Wang Pin, Wang Lei248029 2 RussiaMatveeva, Kovalevskaya, Shumiakina, Stepovaya-Dianchenko243827295.0 3 GeorgiaChiburdanidze, Ioseliani, Arakhamia-Grant, Khurtsidze248027289.5 4 NetherlandsPeng Zhaoqin, Sziva, Bosboom-Lanchava, Jap Tjoen San232523½290.0 5 BulgariaStefanova, Voiska, Velcheva, Aleksieva238723½277.0 6 RomaniaPeptan, Foișor, Cosma, Olărașu239823299.0 7 YugoslaviaMarić, Bojković, Vuksanović, Manakova242223293.5 8 HungaryLakos, Mádl, Grábics, Medvegy238323279.5 9 Russia "C"Demina, Kosteniuk, Kharashkina, Gelashvili220523275.0 10 United StatesBelakovskaia, Krush, Epstein, Donaldson-Akhmilovskaya235523271.5
    #CountryAverage ratingPointsBuchholzMP 11 Poland242822½300.5 12 Ukraine243022½289.0 13 Latvia218322½282.5 14 Vietnam225822½281.0 15 India225222½266.5 16 Germany234522283.0 17 Estonia229222281.5 18 Israel232222281.014 19 Greece224722281.013 20 England232322269.0 21 Armenia228821½277.0 22 Moldova232221½274.5 23 Kazakhstan225821½272.5 24 Czech Republic226221281.0 25 Uzbekistan220321280.0 26 Russia "B"235821271.5 27 France223721251.0 28 Cuba229820½284.0 29 Croatia226320½272.0 30 Azerbaijan205220½265.5 31 Argentina218820½256.0 32 Belarus225320269.0 33 Finland215720267.0 34 North Macedonia211020257.0 35 Sweden212020256.5 36 Slovenia222320256.0 37 Lithuania219819½280.5 38 Spain222219½269.5 39 Slovakia222719½267.5 40 Bosnia and Herzegovina224019½265.5 41 Bangladesh209719½254.0 42 Turkmenistan222719½251.5 43 Turkey202219½233.0 44 Austria209819257.5 45 Mongolia219219247.5 46 Mexico209819244.0 47 Australia208018½253.5 48 Philippines200018½247.5 49IBCA208018½241.5 50 United Arab Emirates200018½208.0 51 Ireland200018½190.5 52 Switzerland212718245.011 53 Brazil208018245.010 54 Venezuela213318244.513 55 Portugal206818244.59 56 Iran200818222.0 57 Iraq206318219.5 58 Colombia202517½232.5 59 El Salvador200017½202.0 60 Scotland201717246.0 61 Italy204517239.0 62 South Africa200017217.5 63 Nigeria200017213.5 64 Wales203716½224.5 65 Puerto Rico200016½192.0 66 New Zealand202315½ 67 Botswana200015 68 Angola200013 69 Japan201712 70 United States Virgin Islands20009½ 71 Lebanon20008½ 72 Macau20002½

### Individual medals

* Performance rating: Wang Lei 2618
* Board 1: Mähri Ovezova 10½ / 13 = 80.8%
* Board 2: Eman Hassane Al-Rufei 8 / 9 = 88.9%
* Board 3: Tatiana Shumiakina 6½ / 8 = 81.3%
* Reserve: Tatiana Stepovaya-Dianchenko and Wang Lei 8 / 9 = 88.9%

## Overall title

The Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy is awarded to the nation that has the best average rank in the open and women's divisions. Where two or more teams are tied, they are ordered by best single finish in either division and then by total number of points scored.
The trophy, named after the former women's world champion (1961–78), was created by FIDE in 1997 and awarded for the first time in Elista.
| # | Team | Open division | Women's division | Average |
| 1 | Russia | 1 | 2 | 1½ |
| 2 | China | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Georgia | 7 | 3 | 5 |