# List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM

IBM has undergone a large number of mergers and acquisitions during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.
The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in USD because IBM is based in the United States. If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.

## Precursors 1889–1910

Herman Hollerith initially did business under his own name, as The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, specialising in punched card data processing equipment. In 1896 he incorporated as the Tabulating Machine Company.
* 1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
* 1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
* 1893 Dey Patents Company (soon renamed the Dey Time Register Company) incorporated.
* 1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York) incorporated.
* 1896
** Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
** Hollerith incorporates the Tabulating Machine Company. Will be reincorporated in 1905.
* 1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
* 1900
** International Time Recording Company incorporated, acquiring the time-recording business of the Bundy Manufacturing Company and the Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester).
** Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
** Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
** Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
* 1905 Hollerith reincorporates as The Tabulating Machine Company.
* 1907 Dey Time Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
* 1908 Syracuse Time Recorder Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

## Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, 1911

Since the 1960s or earlier, IBM has described its formation as a merger of three companies: The Tabulating Machine Company (1880s origin in Washington, DC), the International Time Recording Company (ITR; 1900, Endicott), and the Computing Scale Company of America (1901, Dayton, Ohio). However, there was no merger, it was an amalgamation, and an amalgamation of four, not three, companies. The 1911 CTR stock prospectus states that the Bundy Manufacturing Company was also included. While ITR had acquired its time recording business in 1900 Bundy had remained a separate entity producing an adding machine and other wares.
* The Tabulating Machine Company
* Computing Scale Corporation
* International Time Recording Company
* Bundy Manufacturing Company
CTR owned the stock of the four companies; CTR neither produced nor sold any product; the four companies continued to operate, as before, under their own names.

## Acquisitions from 2000 - 2019

Number of acquisitions per year according to table below:
* In 2019 IBM acquired 1 company
* In 2018 IBM acquired 3 companies
* In 2017 IBM acquired 3 companies
* In 2016 IBM acquired 12 companies
* In 2015 IBM acquired 13 companies
* In 2014 IBM acquired 4 companies
* In 2013 IBM acquired 9 companies
* In 2012 IBM acquired 9 companies
* In 2011 IBM acquired 8 companies
| Acquired on | Company | Business | Country | Value (USD) | References |
| June 7, 2001 | Mainspring | Business strategy consulting | USA | $80,000,000 | |
| July 2, 2001 | Informix Corporation | Database software | USA | $1,000,000,000 | |
| Jan 14, 2002 | CrossWorlds Software, Inc. | Software | USA | $129,000,000 | |
| June 25, 2002 | Metamerge | Identity management | NOR | | |
| Aug 19, 2002 | Trellisoft, Inc. | Enterprise storage | USA | | |
| Sep 12, 2002 | Holosofx, Inc. | Business Process Management | USA, EGY | | |
| Oct 2, 2002 | PWC Consulting from PricewaterhouseCoopers | Business Consulting and Technology Services | USA | $3,500,000,000 | |
| Oct 6, 2002 | Access360 | Software | USA | | |
| Oct 7, 2002 | EADS Matra Datavision | Product lifecycle management | USA | | |
| Nov 15, 2002 | Tarian Software | Records Management | CAN | | |
| Feb 21, 2003 | Rational Software Corporation | Software Development | USA | $2,100,000,000 | |
| May 14, 2003 | Think Dynamics | Software | CAN | | |
| July 1, 2003 | Information Laboratory | Software | USA | | |
| July 15, 2003 | Aptrix | Software | AUS | | |
| Oct 17, 2003 | CrossAccess Corporation | Enterprise Information Integration | USA | | |
| Nov 13, 2003 | Productivity Solutions, Inc. | Automated Self-Checkout Systems | USA | | |
| Dec 17, 2003 | Green Pasture Software, Inc. | Content management software | USA | | |
| April 6, 2004 | Trigo Technologies | Product information management | USA | | |
| April 7, 2004 | Daksh e-Services | BPO Services | IND | $170,000,000 | |
| April 13, 2004 | Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger | IT Services | FRA | | |
| June 7, 2004 | Candle Corporation | Infrastructure management | USA | | |
| July 14, 2004 | Alphablox Corporation | Business intelligence | USA | | |
| July 29, 2004 | Cyanea Systems | Application management software | USA | | |
| Oct 7, 2004 | Venetica | Enterprise Information Integration | USA | | |
| Nov 19, 2004 | Systemcorp ALG Ltd. | Project Portfolio Management (PPM) software | CAN | | |
| Nov 23, 2004 | Liberty Insurance Services | Business process services | USA | | |
| Dec 1, 2004 | Maersk Data and DMdata from Maersk | IT Services | DEN | | |
| Dec 13, 2004 | KeyMRO | Procurement Services | FRA | | |
| Jan 7, 2005 | Systems Research & Development | Identity management | USA | | |
| March 16, 2005 | Corio | Application Services | USA | $182,000,000 | |
| April 29, 2005 | Ascential Software Corporation | Enterprise Information Integration | USA | $1,100,000,000 | |
| May 10, 2005 | Gluecode Software | Application Server | USA | | |
| June 23, 2005 | Meiosys | Application Management | USA, FRA | | |
| July 25, 2005 | PureEdge Solutions, Inc. | Electronic Forms | CAN | | |
| July 27, 2005 | Isogon Corporation | Asset Management | USA | | |
| Aug 2, 2005 | DWL | Enterprise Information Integration | USA, CAN | | |
| Oct 14, 2005 | DataPower Technology, Inc. | Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) | USA | | |
| Nov 1, 2005 | iPhrase Systems, Inc. | Information management software | USA | | |
| Nov 10, 2005 | Network Solutions Pvt Ltd | IT Services | IND | | |
| Nov 15, 2005 | Collation, Inc. | Network management | USA | | |
| Dec 20, 2005 | Bowstreet, Inc. | Portal-based tools | USA | | |
| Jan 27, 2006 | ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON | Semiconductor Manufacturing software | USA | | |
| Jan 20, 2006 | CIMS Lab, Inc. | IT Financial Management | USA | | |
| Feb 8, 2006 | Viacore, Inc. | Supply chain optimization | USA | | |
| Feb 14, 2006 | Micromuse, Inc. | Network management | USA | $865,000,000 | |
| March 16, 2006 | Language Analysis Systems | Identity management | USA | | |
| May 2, 2006 | BuildForge, Inc. | Software Development | USA | | |
| May 5, 2006 | Unicorn Solutions, Inc. | Metadata management | USA | | [60] [61] |
| June 27, 2006 | Rembo Technology | Installation Software | SUI | | |
| Aug 1, 2006 | Webify Solutions, Inc | Service Oriented Architecture software | USA | | |
| Sep 6, 2006 | Global Value Solutions | IT Services | BRA | | |
| Oct 4, 2006 | DORANA product line from Ubiquity Pty Limited | Asset Management | AUS | | |
| Oct 5, 2006 | MRO Software | Asset Management | USA | $740,000,000 | |
| Oct 12, 2006 | FileNet Corporation | Content management software | USA | $1,600,000,000 | |
| Oct 20, 2006 | Internet Security Systems (ISS) | Information security | USA | $1,300,000,000 | |
| Oct 20, 2006 | Palisades Technology Partners | Management consulting | USA | | |
| Jan 22, 2007 | Consul Risk Management, Inc. | Information security | NED | | |
| Feb 13, 2007 | Vallent Corporation | Telecommunications Management | USA | | |
| March 1, 2007 | Softek Storage Solutions Corporation | Data Mobility | USA | | |
| March 18, 2007 | BlackDot Networks, Inc. | Enterprise Data Consulting | USA | | |
| April 20, 2007 | Unicible | IT Services | SWI | $460,000,000 | |
| July 20, 2007 | Watchfire Corporation | Security software testing | USA | | |
| Aug 21, 2007 | WebDialogs | Web conferencing and communications | USA | | |
| Aug 31, 2007 | DataMirror Corporation | Change Data Capture | CAN | $161,000,000 | |
| Sep 7, 2007 | Qinnova, Inc. | Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) | CAN | | |
| Sep 10, 2007 | Princeton Softech, Inc. | Business intelligence | USA | | |
| Oct 24, 2007 | NovusCG | Storage Consulting and Technology Services | USA | | |
| Jan 2, 2008 | XIV | Enterprise storage | ISR | Over $300M | |
| Jan 18, 2008 | AptSoft Corporation | Business intelligence | USA | | |
| Jan 29, 2008 | Solid Information Technology | Database software | USA, FIN | | |
| Jan 31, 2008 | Cognos | Business intelligence | CAN | $5,000,000,000 | |
| Jan 31, 2008 | Arsenal Digital Solutions | Data backup services | USA | | |
| Feb 15, 2008 | Net Integration Technologies Inc. | Business Server Software | CAN | | |
| March 11, 2008 | Encentuate, Inc. | Enterprise Single Sign-On | USA | | |
| April 3, 2008 | Telelogic AB | Enterprise software development | SWE | $845,000,000 | |
| April 18, 2008 | Diligent Technologies | Data De-duplication | USA | $200,000,000 | |
| April 21, 2008 | FilesX | Application Recovery Software | USA, ISR | | |
| April 29, 2008 | InfoDyne Corporation | Data Feed Connectors | USA | | |
| July 2, 2008 | Platform Solutions | Mainframe, System Z technologies | USA | | |
| July 28, 2008 | ILOG | Business Rules Management Systems | FRA | $340,000,000 | |
| Nov 18, 2008 | Transitive Corporation | Virtualization Software | USA, UK | | |
| Jan 15, 2009 | Outblaze's E-Mail Service Assets | Online messaging and collaboration | HKG | | |
| May 5, 2009 | Exeros Assets | Data Discovery Software | USA | | |
| July 28, 2009 | SPSS Inc. | Statistical analysis software | USA | $1,200,000,000 | |
| July 28, 2009 | Ounce Labs | Source code analysis | USA | | |
| September 22, 2009 | RedPill Solutions | Analytics and Optimisation | SGP | | |
| November 30, 2009 | Guardium | Database monitoring and protection | USA, ISR | | |
| December 16, 2009 | Lombardi | Business Process Management | USA | | |
| January 20, 2010 | National Interest Security Company, LLC | Public sector consulting | USA | | |
| February 3, 2010 | Initiate Systems | Data integrity software | USA | | |
| February 16, 2010 | Intelliden Inc. | Network Automation software | USA | | |
| March 1, 2010 | Wilshire Credit Corporation Assets | Mortgage Business Processing Services | USA | | |
| May 3, 2010 | Cast Iron Systems | Cloud Integration | USA | $190,000,000 | |
| May 24, 2010 | Sterling Commerce | Business software integration | USA | $1,400,000,000 | |
| June 15, 2010 | Coremetrics | Web Analytics | USA | | |
| July 1, 2010 | BigFix, Inc. | Security and IT automation software | USA | | |
| July 29, 2010 | Storwize | Data Compression | USA | $140,000,000 | |
| August 10, 2010 | Datacap | Data capture and Content Management | USA | | |
| August 13, 2010 | Unica Corporation | Marketing planning software | USA | $480,000,000 | |
| September 15, 2010 | OpenPages | Integrated risk management solutions | USA | | |
| September 20, 2010 | Netezza | Data warehousing and analytics | USA | $1,700,000,000 | |
| September 27, 2010 | BLADE Network Technologies | Networking | USA | | |
| October 13, 2010 | PSS Systems | Legal risk management | USA | | |
| October 21, 2010 | Clarity Systems | Financial governance | CAN | $350,000,000 | |
| March 22, 2011 | Tririga Inc. | Facility and Real Estate Management | USA | | |
| August 31, 2011 | i2 Limited | Intelligence Analytics | UK | | |
| September 1, 2011 | Algorithmics Inc. | Risk Management | CAN | $387,000,000 | |
| October 4, 2011 | Q1 Labs | Security Intelligence | USA | | |
| October 12, 2011 | Platform Computing | Cluster and Grid Management Software | CAN | | |
| December 5, 2011 | Cúram Software | Smarter Cities | IRL | | |
| December 8, 2011 | DemandTec | Cloud-based Retail Analytics | USA | $440,000,000 | |
| December 15, 2011 | Emptoris | Supply Chain Analytics | USA | | |
| January 4, 2012 | Green Hat (software company) | Cloud based software testing | USA, UK | | |
| January 31, 2012 | Worklight | Software Development Firm | ISR | $70,000,000 | |
| April 13, 2012 | Varicent | Compensation and Sales Performance Management Software Solutions | CAN | | |
| April 25, 2012 | Vivisimo | Enterprise Search Software | USA | | |
| May 2, 2012 | Tealeaf Technology | Customer Experience Analytics Software | USA | | |
| August 16, 2012 | Texas Memory Systems | Solid State Storage | USA | | |
| August 27, 2012 | Kenexa Corporation | Human Capital Solutions | USA | $1,400,000,000 | |
| September 24, 2012 | Butterfly Software Ltd. | Data Analysis and Migration Software | UK | | |
| December 19, 2012 | StoredIQ | Big Data Analysis | USA | | |
| February 1, 2013 | Star Analytics | Business Analytics | USA | | |
| April 22, 2013 | UrbanCode | Software delivery automation | USA | | |
| June 4, 2013 | SoftLayer Technologies | Cloud Computing Infrastructure | USA | $2,000,000,000 | |
| July 9, 2013 | CSL International | Cloud Computing | ISR | Not Disclosed | |
| August 15, 2013 | Trusteer | Cyber Security | ISR | $1,000,000,000 | |
| September 19, 2013 | Daeja Image Systems | Viewer for document management systems | UK | Not disclosed | |
| October 1, 2013 | The Now Factory | Mobile Networks Big Data Analytics | IRL | Not disclosed | |
| October 3, 2013 | Xtify | In-app mobile messaging and push notification tools | USA | Not disclosed | |
| November 13, 2013 | Fiberlink Communications | Mobile Device Management | USA | $330,000,000 | |
| December 19, 2013 | Aspera, Inc. | Data Transfer Technology | USA | Not disclosed | |
| February 24, 2014 | Cloudant, Inc. | Database-as-a-Service | USA | Not disclosed | |
| April 10, 2014 | Silverpop Systems, Inc. | Behavioral Marketing Automation | USA | Not disclosed | |
| May 19, 2014 | Cognea | Cognitive computing (conversational artificial intelligence platform) | USA | Not disclosed | |
| July 31, 2014 | CrossIdeas | Cloud Security (Identity and Access Governance) | ITA | Not disclosed | |
| August 11, 2014 | Lighthouse Security Group | Cloud Security | USA | Not disclosed | |
| March 4, 2015 | AlchemyAPI | Natural language processing, big data | USA | Not disclosed | |
| Mar 25, 2015 | Lufthansa's IT Infrastructure Unit (LHSystems) | IT Infrastructure servicing Lufthansa and its subsidiaries (Technik, Cargo, LSG Skychefs, etc.) Although purchase price is difficult to find, IBM positioned this acquisition as "winning "an outsourcing contract" worth US$1.25B | USA DE | | |
| March 27, 2015 | Blekko | Web Search Engine, Cognitive Computing | USA | Not disclosed | |
| April 13, 2015 | Explorys | Healthcare analytics | USA | Not disclosed | |
| April 13, 2015 | Phytel | Health management software | USA | Not disclosed | |
| June 3, 2015 | Bluebox | Private Cloud as a Service | USA | Not disclosed | |
| July 23, 2015 | Compose Inc. | Database as a Service | USA | Not disclosed | |
| August 6, 2015 | Merge Healthcare Inc. | Healthcare imaging software | USA | $1,000,000,000 | |
| September 10, 2015 | StrongLoop Inc. | Mobile API capabilities | USA | Not disclosed | |
| September 28, 2015 | Meteorix LLC | Consulting services for Workday applications | USA | Not disclosed | |
| October 28, 2015 | The Weather Company digital assets | Weather data sources and analytics, related online and mobile products | USA | Not disclosed | |
| November 3, 2015 | Gravitant, Inc | Cloud brokerage software and cloud management | USA | Not disclosed | |
| November 6, 2015 | Cleversafe | Object-based storage software | USA | $1,309,000,000 | |
| December 8, 2015 | Clearleap | Cloud-based video management | USA | Not disclosed | |
| January 15, 2016 | Iris Analytics | Real time transaction fraud detection | GER | Not disclosed | |
| January 21, 2016 | Ustream | Streaming video | USA | Not disclosed | |
| January 28, 2016 | Resource/Ammirati | Digital marketing and creative agency | USA | Not disclosed | |
| February 2, 2016 | Aperto AG | Digital marketing and creative agency | GER | Not disclosed | |
| February 3, 2016 | ecx.io AG | Digital marketing and creative agency | GER | Not disclosed | |
| February 18, 2016 | Truven Health Analytics | Provider of cloud-based healthcare data, analytics and insights | USA | $2,600,000,000 | |
| February 29, 2016 | Resilient Systems | Cyber security, incident response platform | USA | Not disclosed | |
| March 18, 2016 | Optevia | Specialist provider of Microsoft Dynamics CRM based solutions and associated services to the public sector | UK | Not disclosed | |
| March 31, 2016 | Blue Wolf Group LLC | Salesforce systems integrator and professional services | USA | $200,000,000 | |
| June 1, 2016 | EZSource | Application discovery and dashboard visualization | ISR | Not disclosed | |
| September 29, 2016 | Promontory Financial Group | Risk management and regulatory compliance | USA | Not disclosed | |
| October 27, 2016 | Sanovi Technologies | Hybrid cloud recovery | IND | Not disclosed | |
| February 3, 2017 | Agile 3 Solutions | Information security | USA | Not disclosed | |
| May 2, 2017 | Verizon – Cloud services | Cloud services | USA | Not disclosed | |
| May 31, 2017 | XCC (division of TIMETOACT) | Collaboration software | GER | Not disclosed | |
| September 24, 2017 | Cloudigo | Data Center Company | Israel | Not disclosed | |
| October 5, 2017 | Vivant Digital | Innovation Consultancy | AUS | Not disclosed | |
| May 3, 2018 | Armanta, Inc. | Aggregation/analytics software for financial services firms | USA | Not disclosed | |
| June 15, 2018 | Oniqua Holdings Pty Ltd. | Intelligent maintenance repair and operations (MRO) solutions | USA AUS | Not disclosed | |
| July 9, 2019 | Red Hat | Provider of open source software and solutions | USA | $34,000,000,000 | |

## Acquisitions since 2020

Number of acquisitions per year according to table below:
* In 2020 IBM acquired 6 companies
* In 2021 IBM acquired 7 companies
* In 2022 IBM acquired 3 companies
* In 2023 IBM acquired 3 companies
* In 2024 IBM acquired 2 companies
* In 2025 IBM acquired 1 company
| June 15, 2020 | Spanugo | US-based provider of cloud cybersecurity posture management solutions | USA | Not disclosed |
| July 8, 2020 | WDG | IBM to Acquire WDG Automation to Advance AI-Infused Automation Capabilities for Enterprises | BRA | Not disclosed |
| November 16, 2020 | TruQua Enterprises | Acquisition enhances IBM's expertise in migrating financial platforms to SAP | USA | Not disclosed |
| November 18, 2020 | Instana | Acquisition continues to advance IBM's Hybrid Cloud and AIOps strategy with Application Performance Management and enterprise Observability capabilities | USA | Not disclosed |
| December 15, 2020 | Expertus Technologies Inc. | Digital payments provider | CAN | Not disclosed |
| December 21, 2020 | Nordcloud | Acquisition enhances IBM's Hybrid Cloud Consulting capabilities | FIN | Not disclosed |
| January 11, 2021 | 7Summits | Acquisition drives digital transformations for Salesforce clients | USA | Not disclosed |
| Jan 14, 2021 | Taos | Acquisition to expand hybrid cloud consulting services | USA | Not disclosed |
| April 15, 2021 | myInvenio | Acquisition to help Organizations Use AI-powered Automation to Better Streamline Business Processes | ITA | Not disclosed |
| May 18, 2021 | Waeg | Acquisition to expand Salesforce consulting services | Belgium | Not disclosed |
| June 17, 2021 | Turbonomic | Acquisition to expand AIOps (the use of AI to automate IT Operations) to application and infrastructure observability. This also included SevOne, a network performance management solution as part of the acquisition. | USA | Estimated $1,500,000,000 - $2,000,000,000 |
| July 8, 2021 | BoxBoat Technologies | DevOps consultancy and enterprise Kubernetes certified service provider | USA | Not disclosed |
| July 15, 2021 | Bluetab Solutions Group, S.L. | Hybrid cloud data and analytics consulting | SPA | Not disclosed |
| Feb 15, 2022 | Neudesic | Cloud services consultancy specializing primarily in the Microsoft Azure platform, along with bringing skills in multicloud | USA | Not disclosed |
| September 22, 2022 | Dialexa | Digital product engineering services | USA | Not disclosed |
| December 2022 | Octo | | USA | Not disclosed |
| February 8, 2023 | StepZen | GraphQL-as-a-Service | USA | Not disclosed |
| May 16, 2023 | Polar Security | Cyber Security, Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) | ISR | $60,000,000 |
| June 26, 2023 | Apptio | Software-as-a-service | USA | $4,600,000,000 |
| December 18, 2023 | Streamsets | Data integration | GER | |
| March 20, 2024 | Pliant | Network and IT infrastructure automation | USA | Not disclosed |
| April 24, 2024 | HashiCorp | Infrastructure and security automation | USA | $7,700,000,000 |
| February 25, 2025 | DataStax | AI applications | USA | Not disclosed |

## Spin-offs

* 1934 – Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
* 1942 – Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
* 1958 – Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.
* 1974 – Service Bureau Corporation sold to Control Data Corporation
* 1984 – Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company.
* 1985 – Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
* 1988 – Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak.
* 1990 – ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Motorola buys IBM's 50% interest in 1994. Now Motient.
* 1991 – Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses.
* 1991 – Kaleida, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
* 1992 – Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
* 1992 – IBM's personal computer manufacturing divisions, combined and spun off to form the autonomous subsidiary IBM Personal Computer Company (later IBM Personal Systems Group).
* 1992 – IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
* 1992 – IBM sells its remaining 50 percent stake in the Rolm Company to Siemens A.G. of Germany.
* 1994 – Xyratex enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology, formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
* 1995 – Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears), a voice and data network company. Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. IBM buys Sears' 30% interest in 1997. AT&T acquires the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
* 1994 – Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA. Loral was later acquired by Lockheed Martin.
* 1996 – Celestica, Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
* 1998 – IBM Global Network sold to AT&T to form AT&T Business Internet.
* 1999 – Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
* 2001 – Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately held company ISx, Inc (later sold to Local Matters).
* December 31, 2002 – IBM sells its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM hard drives and the Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
* December 2004 – Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo: Lenovo acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
* April 3, 2006 – Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquires SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million. (Note: Since then Coremetrics has in turn been acquired by IBM)
* January 25, 2007 – Three-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.
* September 2009 – IBM launches online business IT video advice service in association with GuruOnline.
* September 2009 – IBM sells its U2 multivalue database and application development products (created by VMark, UniData, System Builder and Prime Computer, obtained via the Informix acquisition) to Rocket Software
* April 2012 – IBM sells its Retail Store Solutions division (Point-of-Sales) to Toshiba TEC
* January 2014 – IBM sells its IBM System x business to Lenovo for $2.3 billion.
* October 2014 – IBM sells its Microelectronics (semiconductor) branch to GlobalFoundries. IBM will pay GlobalFoundries $1.5 billion over 3 years to take over the business.
* December 2014 – UNICOM Global acquires IBM Rational Focal Point and IBM Rational Purify Plus.
* January 2015 – IBM sells Algorithmics Collateral to SmartStream Technologies
* December 2015 – UNICOM Global acquires IBM Rational System Architect
* December 2018 – HCL Technologies to acquire Select IBM Software Products for $1.8B.
* July 2019 – IBM Watson Marketing business spins off into standalone company Acoustic, after acquisition by Centerbridge Partners
* October 8, 2020 – IBM announced it was spinning off the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company, an action expected to be completed by the end of 2021.
* November 3, 2021 Kyndryl. IBM distributed 80.1% of its Kyndryl shares to IBM shareholders.
* January 21, 2022 – IBM announced that it would sell Watson Health to the private equity firm Francisco Partners.
* August 22, 2023 — IBM announced that the private equity firm Francisco Partners would acquire The Weather Company assets.