# Tasmanian apples

Tasmanian apples are a significant agricultural product of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Historically known as "the Apple Isle," Tasmania was once a leading global exporter of apples and remains Australia’s second-largest apple-producing state after Victoria. The first apple tree in Tasmania was planted on Bruny Island in 1788, and by the 20th century, the state had become a major producer. In addition to cultivating popular commercial varieties, Tasmania has developed its own apple cultivars, including the Geeveston Fanny and the Crofton. Although production has declined in recent decades, apple farming remains an important industry, particularly in southern Tasmania. In 2023, Tasmania produced over 29,000 t (32,000 short tons) of apples, contributing approximately 10% of Australia’s total apple yield.

## History
### Early cultivation

Apple cultivation in Tasmania began in 1788 when Captain Bligh planted the first apple trees on Bruny Island at Adventure Bay during his voyage on HMS Bounty. These early plantings laid the foundation for what would become a significant industry. Large-scale orcharding developed later, particularly in the Huon Valley and other fertile regions. The first orchard in the Huon Valley was planted by William Geeves in 1851, featuring varieties such as Windsor Pippin, Scarlett Pearmain, and Blenheim Orange.
The establishment of irrigation systems by pioneers such as William Shoobridge further enhanced apple production. Shoobridge’s innovation helped mitigate Tasmania’s reliance on rainfall, particularly in the Derwent and Bagdad districts, and significantly boosted yields.
By the late 19th century, Tasmanian apples had gained recognition for their quality. Refrigeration and the expansion of steamship services allowed apples to reach international markets, with the Huon Valley emerging as a hub for export-oriented production.

### 20th century

By the early 20th century, Tasmania became one of the world’s major exporters of apples. At its peak in the mid-20th century, approximately 75% of Tasmania’s apple crop was exported to the UK and Europe. Varieties such as Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, and Cox's Orange Pippin were widely cultivated, along with local heritage types.
However, the industry faced challenges during the mid-century. The United Kingdom’s entry into the European Economic Community in 1973 marked a severe blow to Tasmania’s export markets, as tariffs on Australian produce were imposed. Additionally, the codling moth infestation in the state’s north pushed apple production to southern regions like the Huon Valley.
In 2012, Tasmania’s apple exports temporarily ceased for the first time in over 130 years, driven by a strong Australian dollar that reduced competitiveness and a lack of international shipping out of Tasmania.

### Contemporary developments

In recent years, Tasmania has pivoted toward producing high-quality apples for domestic and niche export markets. The state produced over 29,000 t (32,000 short tons) of apples in 2023, accounting for 10% of Australia’s total apple production. Southern Tasmania remains the heart of the industry, particularly the Huon Valley region, with ongoing innovation in organic and sustainable farming practices.
Exports have shown significant growth, with 388 t (428 short tons) of apples exported in 2022, marking a 126% increase from previous years. The primary export markets were China, Hong Kong, and Papua New Guinea, which together accounted for 95% of Tasmania's apple exports. While Tasmania enjoys pest-free export access to markets like Taiwan, high tariffs (20%) continue to pose challenges compared to competitors like New Zealand.

## As a state symbol

Apple farming has played a significant role in shaping Tasmania’s identity, with cultural celebrations such as the Huon Valley Mid-Winter Festival highlighting its historical and economic significance.
The Coat of arms of Tasmania is an official symbol of the state, granted by King George V in May 1917. The shield features significant representations of Tasmanian industry, including a sheaf of wheat, hops, a ram, and apples on a branch.
The term "Apple Isle" has long been associated with Tasmania, reflecting the state's historical prominence in apple production. The nickname has appeared on car licence plates, featured in fruit-processing advertising—including IXL Jams—and referenced by contemporary businesses such as Juicy Isle.
Tasmania has a long history of cider production, with Mercury Cider (est. 1911) and Cascade Brewery among the state’s most notable historic producers. In recent years, boutique cider brands have flourished, including Frank’s Cider, Pagan Cider, Spreyton Cider Co., and Brady’s Lookout Cider, known for their craft and heritage apple varieties. Other producers like Hansen Cider, Plenty Cider, and Simple Cider continue to expand Tasmania’s reputation for high-quality, locally made ciders, reflecting the state’s strong apple-growing traditions.
A key tourist attraction in the Huon Valley, Willie Smith's Cider House is located in a restored 1940s apple packing shed. It features a cider production facility, distillery, eatery, and an apple museum showcasing Tasmania’s apple-growing heritage. The museum offers exhibits on the region’s apple industry, guided cider tastings, and a selection of apple-based spirits produced on-site, including apple brandy, apple spirit, and pommeau.
In the state's north, the "Big Apple" landmark in Spreyton serves as a tribute to Tasmania’s rich apple-growing heritage.

### Apples in popular culture

The state's apple industry has also been referenced in popular culture. The 1988 Australian comedy film Young Einstein, written, produced, and directed by Yahoo Serious, portrays a fictionalised version of Albert Einstein as the son of a Tasmanian apple farmer in the early 1900s.
Tasmania’s apple-growing heritage has also inspired various works of literature, particularly in historical fiction, memoirs, and contemporary novels. Apples are frequently used as symbols of resilience, industry, and transformation, reflecting the deep agricultural roots of the state.
One notable example is Limberlost by Robbie Arnott, which follows the coming-of-age story of a young man working on his family's apple orchard in northern Tasmania, blending themes of nostalgia and environmental awareness. Similarly, The Last of the Apple Blossom by Mary-Lou Stephens follows a young woman returning to her family’s orchard after the devastating 1967 bushfires, exploring themes of rebuilding, survival, and the decline of Tasmania’s apple industry.
In non-fiction, Apple Island Wife: Slow Living in Tasmania by Fiona Stocker provides a memoir-style account of moving to Tasmania and immersing in the rural lifestyle, including experiences with the region’s apple heritage. Apples & Elderflower: A Kitchen in Tasmania’s Far South by Julia Matusik captures the connection between food, community, and apple farming in one of Tasmania’s most remote regions.

## Orchard districts

| District | Description |
| Huon | The orcharding areas of the Huon Valley. |
| Channel | The orcharding areas of the D'Entrecasteaux Channel including Bruny Island. |
| Tasman Peninsula | The Tasman Peninsula orcharding district. |
| Scottsdale | The Scottsdale orcharding district. |
| Lilydale | The Lilydale orcharding district. |
| Mersey | The Mersey orcharding district, focusing on the Spreyton area. |
| Bagdad | The Bagdad orcharding district. |
| Derwent | The upper Derwent orcharding district, primarily the area between New Norfolk and Ouse. |
| Hobart | The lower Derwent orcharding district, including the eastern shore, western shore, and Bridgewater. |
| West Tamar | The west Tamar area of the Tamar Valley, including west Launceston. |
| East and South Tamar | The eastern Tamar region, covering Launceston and areas south and east of the city. |
| Swansea | A central east coast cluster of apple-growing properties. |
| East Coast General | Other areas of the east coast, including the St Helens district. |
| North Coast General | All other areas along the north coast. |
| Midlands General | The Midlands region between the East and South Tamar and Bagdad districts. |

## Tasmanian apple varieties

Tasmania is home to several unique apple varieties that have been cultivated and developed to suit the state's cool climate and rich soils. These include:
* Geeveston Fanny – A heritage apple variety originating in the Geeveston region of the Huon Valley, known for its crisp texture and balanced sweetness.
* Sturmer Pippin – A late-season apple valued for its long shelf life and tart flavour, historically popular for export.
* Rubigold – A modern Tasmanian-developed variety bred for high sugar content and striking golden-red skin.
* Granny Smith – Although not exclusive to Tasmania, this well-known variety has been widely cultivated in the state for both domestic and export markets.
* Jonathan – A classic red apple with a sweet-tart flavour that thrives in Tasmania’s cooler regions.