# Michael Kamen

Michael Arnold Kamen (April 15, 1948 – November 18, 2003) was an American composer (especially of film scores), orchestral arranger, orchestral conductor, songwriter, record producer and musician.

## Early life

Michael Arnold Kamen was born in New York City, the second of four sons. His father, Saul Kamen, was a dentist, and his mother, Helen, was a teacher. He was of Jewish heritage.
While attending the High School of Music & Art in New York City, Kamen became friends with Martin Fulterman (later known as Mark Snow), who would compose the theme music for The X-Files, among other projects. While studying the oboe, Kamen formed a rock-classical fusion band called New York Rock & Roll Ensemble, together with classmates Fulterman and Dorian Rudnytsky, along with Clifton Nivison and Brian Corrigan of Toms River, New Jersey. The group released five albums from 1968 to 1972 (Self-Titled, Reflections, Faithful Friends, Roll Over & Freedomburger). The group performed in white tie (not tuxedos), as typically worn by classical musicians. In the middle of the concert, Fulterman and Kamen would play an oboe duet. The group backed up friend and classmate Janis Ian in a concert at Alice Tully Hall in late 1967.
After graduating from high school, Kamen attended The Juilliard School, in Manhattan, New York City.
Kamen's early work concentrated on ballets before extending to Hollywood with the score for The Next Man in 1976, and then to pop and rock arranging, collaborating with Pink Floyd on their album The Wall.

## Career
### Popular music

Kamen became a highly sought-after arranger in the realms of pop and rock music. His contemporaries in this field included Academy Award winner Anne Dudley, Richard Niles, and Nick Ingman.
His successes include his work with Pink Floyd, David Gilmour and Roger Waters (he is one of the few people invited to work with both former Pink Floyd members, even after their acrimonious split), as well as Queen (orchestration on "Who Wants to Live Forever"), Eric Clapton (on Edge of Darkness), Roger Daltrey, Aerosmith (live orchestral version of "Dream On" for MTV), Kiss, Tom Petty, Bon Jovi, David Bowie, Bryan Ferry, Eurythmics, Queensrÿche, Rush, Metallica (on the song "Nothing Else Matters" and their live album, S&M), Def Leppard, Herbie Hancock, Tim Curry, The Cranberries, Bryan Adams, Jim Croce, Coldplay, Sting, Guns N' Roses (on their performance of "November Rain" on the MTV Video Music Awards) and Kate Bush. For Bush, Kamen delivered an orchestral backing for "Moments of Pleasure" from The Red Shoes album, substantially building upon a simple piano theme Bush had composed. In this instance and many others, he conducted the orchestra personally for the recording. In 1984, two years after moving to London, Kamen had similarly heightened the effect of a pop recording for the Eurythmics "Here Comes the Rain Again", that score relying as much on his compositional skills as his arranging talents.
In 1990, Kamen joined many other guests for Roger Waters' performance of The Wall in Berlin, and led the National Philharmonic Orchestra during the 24 Nights sessions with Eric Clapton the following year.
Lenny Kravitz recorded a cover of "Fields of Joy", a song co-written by Kamen and Hal Fredricks, on his 1991 CD Mama Said.
In 2002, Kamen took part in the Concert for George as strings conductor.
Kamen had a successful partnership with Bryan Adams and "Mutt" Lange composing scores and songs. The ballad "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" for the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was the number one song that year worldwide. Other songs were "All for Love" for the film The Three Musketeers in 1993, "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" for the film Don Juan DeMarco in 1994, and "Star" for the film Jack in 1996.

### Film and television

Kamen wrote eleven ballets, a saxophone concerto and an electric guitar concerto (with Japanese guitarist Tomoyasu Hotei as a soloist, though originally performed by Eric Clapton). Additionally, he wrote a commissioned work, "Quintet", for the Canadian Brass. He also provided scores for the films 101 Dalmatians (1996), The Dead Zone, For Queen and Country, Polyester, Brazil, Someone To Watch Over Me, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, The Three Musketeers, Highlander, X-Men, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Licence to Kill, the Lethal Weapon series, the first three films of the Die Hard series, Mr. Holland's Opus, The Iron Giant, Splitting Heirs, Frequency and many others. He also scored both the From the Earth to the Moon and Band of Brothers series on HBO. Trailers for the 2007 release Bee Movie, the 2008 release Nim's Island, the 2008 release WALL-E, and the 2014 release Mr. Peabody & Sherman featured Kamen's "Central Services / The Office" from his score to Brazil (1985).
In television, Kamen composed music for two series of The Manageress produced by Glenn Wilhide, at Zed Productions for Channel 4, and Joan Bakewell's interview series Memento in 1993, also at Zed Productions for Channel 4 directed by Robin Bextor, but perhaps his best known work was on the 1985 BBC Television serial Edge of Darkness, on which he collaborated with Eric Clapton to write the score. The pair were awarded with a British Academy Television Award for Best Original Television Music for their work and performed the main movie theme with the National Philharmonic Orchestra at the Royal Albert Hall of London in 1990 and 1991. In 1994, Kamen conducted an orchestration of the Who's music for Roger Daltrey's 50th birthday concert series entitled A Celebration: The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who which was subsequently released on CD and DVD. In the same year he was initially hired to do the soundtrack for the 1994 movie Speed, however Jan de Bont, the director of the movie, rejected him because he wanted Mark Mancina, who at the time worked on some Hans Zimmer scores like Days of Thunder, Where Sleeping Dogs Lie and True Romance.
Kamen was nominated for two Academy Awards and won three Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Ivor Novello Awards, an Annie Award, and an Emmy.

### Later years

His involvement with Mr. Holland's Opus, a film about a frustrated composer who finds fulfillment as a high school music teacher, led Kamen to create The Mr. Holland's Opus Foundation in 1996. The foundation supports music education through the donation of new and refurbished musical instruments to underserved school and community music programs and individual students in the United States. In 2005 the foundation created an emergency fund for schools, and students affected by Hurricane Katrina.
In 1998, Kamen composed and conducted the soundtrack for What Dreams May Come. Produced by James Seymour Brett, the score was initially set to be composed by Ennio Morricone. The Italian composer had initially completed and recorded a full score for the film but, after editorial changes were made, his score was rejected and Kamen was hired in his place. Short on time, Kamen took the song "Beside You" from his New York Rock Ensemble's album Roll Over and adapted it as the movie's main musical theme.
Between April 21 and 22, 1999, Kamen worked with the heavy metal band Metallica, along with The San Francisco Symphony, to record a two-day concert that was held at The Berkeley Community Theatre in Berkeley, California. The concert performance, titled S&M by Metallica, which is an acronym for "Symphony and Metallica", referencing the collaboration of the two artists, was released on November 23, 1999, on CD, DVD, and VHS formats, debuting at #2 on the Billboard 200, subsequently reaching multi-platinum status by 2001. Later that year, Kamen and Metallica won a Grammy Award For Best Rock Instrumental Performance for the S&M track titled "The Call Of Ktulu".
In 2001 and 2002, Kamen performed with David Gilmour at Gilmour's semi-unplugged shows at the Royal Festival Hall, playing piano and cor anglais. The 2001 concert and highlights from 2002 were released on DVD as David Gilmour in Concert.
In 2002, Kamen, along with Julian Lloyd Webber, Dame Evelyn Glennie, and Sir James Galway launched the Music Education Consortium in the UK. The consortium's efforts led to the injection of £332 million for music education in the UK. He was also commissioned to write a piece for the opening ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
His last recorded work appeared on Bryan Adams's album Room Service where he played the oboe and wrote the orchestration to "I Was Only Dreamin'". Kamen had also completed the charts for accompaniment to two songs on Kate Bush's album Aerial, which was released in April 2005.

## Health and death

Kamen was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1997. He died in London, England, from a heart attack on November 18, 2003, at age 55.

## Legacy

In 2004, when Annie Lennox accepted the Academy Award for Best Original Song (for "Into the West" from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King), she dedicated her achievement to the memory of Kamen.
The 2004 films Boo, Zino & the Snurks (also known as Back to Gaya) and First Daughter, which Kamen was working on at the time of his death, were dedicated to his memory.
David Gilmour's 2006 album On an Island was dedicated to the memory of Kamen and longtime Pink Floyd manager Steve O'Rourke.

## Film scores

| Year | Title | Director | Studio(s) | Notes |
| 1976 | The Next Man | Richard C. Sarafian | Allied Artists Pictures Corporation | — |
| 1977 | Stunts | Mark L. Lester | New Line Cinema | — |
| 1980 | S*H*E | Robert Michael Lewis | A.E.C. Filmproduktions | — |
| 1981 | Venom | Piers Haggard | Paramount Pictures | — |
| 1982 | Pink Floyd – The Wall | Alan Parker Gerald Scarfe | Goldcrest Film International Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Collaboration with Pink Floyd and Bob Ezrin. |
| 1983 | The Dead Zone | David Cronenberg | Lorimar Film Entertainment Paramount Pictures (US/Canada) De Laurentiis Entertainment Group (International) | Soundtrack released by Milan Records. Performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra and recorded at EMI Studio, London. |
| 1985 | Brazil | Terry Gilliam | Embassy Pictures Columbia Pictures | Performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Milan Records. |
| 1985 | Lifeforce | Tobe Hooper | Cannon Films TriStar Pictures | Additional music only; Majority of score by Henry Mancini. Expanded score released by BSX Records. |
| 1985 | Edge of Darkness | Martin Campbell | BBC | TV miniseries. Composed with Eric Clapton. Won a BAFTA Award for Best Original Television Score. |
| 1986 | Highlander | Russell Mulcahy | Cannon Films 20th Century Fox (US) Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment (International) | Performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Most of the movie's songs are featured on the Queen album A Kind of Magic. No official soundtrack was released, but bootleg releases of the score exist, and some cues are included in the Highlander: The Scores compilation. |
| 1986 | Mona Lisa | Neil Jordan | HandMade Films Island Pictures | Soundtrack released by Columbia Music. |
| 1986 | Amazing Stories | Martin Scorsese | Amblin Entertainment Universal Television | TV series. Episode "Mirror, Mirror" only. |
| 1987 | Lethal Weapon | Richard Donner | Silver Pictures Warner Bros. | Composed with Eric Clapton and David Sanborn. Soundtrack released by Warner Bros. Records. |
| 1987 | Rita, Sue and Bob Too | Alan Clarke | Channel 4 | Soundtrack released by Ariola Records |
| 1987 | Adventures in Babysitting | Chris Columbus | Touchstone Pictures Silver Screen Patterns III | — |
| 1987 | Suspect | Peter Yates | TriStar Pictures | Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande. |
| 1987 | Someone to Watch Over Me | Ridley Scott | Columbia Pictures | — |
| 1988 | Die Hard | John McTiernan | Silver Pictures Gordon Company 20th Century Fox | Performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony. Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande in 2002. |
| 1988 | The Raggedy Rawney | Bob Hoskins | HandMade Films Virgin | Soundtrack released by Silva Screen. |
| 1988 | The Adventures of Baron Munchausen | Terry Gilliam | Allied Filmmakers Columbia Pictures | Soundtrack released by Warner Bros. Records |
| 1988 | Crusoe | Caleb Deschanel | Island Pictures | Limited Edition Soundtrack released by Quartet Records in 2013 (1000 copies). |
| 1989 | Renegades | Jack Sholder | Morgan Creek Productions Interscope Communications Universal Pictures | Soundtrack released by Intrada Records. |
| 1989 | Licence to Kill | John Glen | Eon Productions Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer United Artists | Performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Soundtrack released by MCA Records |
| 1989 | Road House | Rowdy Herrington | Silver Pictures United Artists | Soundtrack released by Intrada Records. |
| 1989 | Lethal Weapon 2 | Richard Donner | Silver Pictures Warner Bros. | Composed with Eric Clapton and David Sanborn. Soundtrack released by Warner Bros. Records. |
| 1990 | Cold Dog Soup | Alan Metter | HandMade Films Anchor Bay Entertainment | — |
| 1990 | Die Hard 2 | Renny Harlin | Silver Pictures Gordon Company 20th Century Fox | Performed by the Los Angeles Motion Picture All-Stars Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande. |
| 1990 | The Krays | Peter Medak | Parkfield Entertainment Rank Film Distributors | Soundtrack released by Parkfield Music. |
| 1991 | Nothing but Trouble | Dan Aykroyd | Warner Bros. | — |
| 1991 | Hudson Hawk | Michael Lehmann | Silver Pictures TriStar Pictures | Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande. |
| 1991 | Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves | Kevin Reynolds | Morgan Creek Productions Warner Bros. | The score was orchestrated by a record-breaking total of 13 people. Soundtrack released by Polydor Records. Nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Original Score The song "(Everything I Do) I Do It For You" was also nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. |
| 1991 | Company Business | Nicholas Meyer | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Soundtrack released by Intrada Records. |
| 1991 | Let Him Have It | Peter Medak | British Screen Productions | Soundtrack released by Virgin Records. |
| 1991 | The Last Boy Scout | Tony Scott | Geffen Pictures Silver Pictures Warner Bros. | Soundtrack released by La-La Land Records. |
| 1992 | Two-Fisted Tales | Richard Donner Tom Holland Robert Zemeckis | Carolco Pictures | Television film. Segment "Showdown". |
| 1992 | Tales from the Crypt | various | Home Box Office | TV series. 4 episodes. |
| 1992 | Shining Through | David Seltzer | 20th Century Fox | Soundtrack released by RCA. |
| 1992 | Lethal Weapon 3 | Richard Donner | Silver Pictures Warner Bros. | Composed with Eric Clapton and David Sanborn. Soundtrack released by Warner Bros. Records |
| 1992 | Blue Ice | Russell Mulcahy | M&M Productions | — |
| 1993 | Splitting Heirs | Robert Young | Universal Pictures (US/Canada) United International Pictures (International) | — |
| 1993 | Last Action Hero | John McTiernan | Columbia Pictures | Soundtrack released by Columbia Music. |
| 1993 | Wilder Napalm | Glenn Gordon Caron | TriStar Pictures | — |
| 1993 | The Three Musketeers | Stephen Herek | Walt Disney Pictures Caravan Pictures | Soundtrack released by Walt Disney Records. |
| 1994 | Don Juan DeMarco | Jeremy Leven | New Line Cinema | Performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra. Soundtrack released by A&M Records. Nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Original Score. The song "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman ?" was also nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. |
| 1995 | Circle of Friends | Pat O'Connor | Savoy Pictures Cineplex Odeon Films The Rank Organisation | Soundtrack released by Warner Bros. Records. |
| 1995 | Die Hard with a Vengeance | John McTiernan | Cinergi Pictures 20th Century Fox (US/Japan) Touchstone Pictures (International) | Soundtrack released by RCA Victor. |
| 1995 | The First 100 Years: A Celebration of American Movies | Chuck Workman | American Film Institute (AFI) Silver Pictures Home Box Office | — |
| 1995 | Stonewall | Nigel Finch | Strand Releasing | — |
| 1995 | Mr. Holland's Opus | Stephen Herek | PolyGram Filmed Entertainment Interscope Communications Hollywood Pictures (US/Canada) Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (International) | Performed by the Seattle Symphony Orchestra and the London Metropolitan Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Decca Records. |
| 1996 | Jack | Francis Ford Coppola | Hollywood Pictures American Zoetrope Great Oaks Entertainment | Soundtrack released by Hollywood Records. |
| 1996 | 101 Dalmatians | Stephen Herek | Walt Disney Pictures Great Oaks Productions | Soundtrack released by Walt Disney Records. |
| 1997 | Inventing the Abbotts | Pat O'Connor | Fox 2000 Pictures Imagine Entertainment 20th Century Fox | — |
| 1997 | The Heart Surgeon | Audrey Cooke | BBC | TV movie. |
| 1997 | Remember Me? | Nick Hurran | Talisman Productions Channel Four Films | — |
| 1997 | Event Horizon | Paul W. S. Anderson | Golar Productions Impact Pictures Paramount Pictures | Collaboration with Orbital. Performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra. Soundtrack released by London Records. |
| 1997 | The Winter Guest | Alan Rickman | Capitol Films Fine Line Features | Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande. |
| 1998 | The Avengers | Jeremiah S. Chechik | Warner Bros. | Rejected score due to last-minute re-editing. Replaced by Joel McNeely. |
| 1998 | From the Earth to the Moon | various | Home Box Office | TV series 3 episodes. Nominated for an Emmy Award. |
| 1998 | Lethal Weapon 4 | Richard Donner | Silver Pictures Warner Bros. | Composed with Eric Clapton and David Sanborn. Soundtrack released by La-Land Records |
| 1998 | What Dreams May Come | Vincent Ward | Interscope Communications PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (through Universal Pictures) | Performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Decca Records. |
| 1999 | The Iron Giant | Brad Bird | Warner Bros. Feature Animation Warner Bros. | His first score for an animated movie. Performed by the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Varèse Sarabande. |
| 2000 | Frequency | Gregory Hoblit | New Line Cinema | — |
| 2000 | X-Men | Bryan Singer | Marvel Entertainment Group 20th Century Fox | Soundtrack released by Decca Records. |
| 2001 | Band of Brothers | various | Home Box Office | TV miniseries. Soundtrack released by Sony Classical |
| 2003 | Open Range | Kevin Costner | Beacon Pictures Touchstone Pictures | Performed by the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. Soundtrack released by Hollywood Records. |
| 2004 | Against the Ropes | Charles S. Dutton | Paramount Pictures | Posthumous release |
| 2004 | Back to Gaya | Leonard Fritz Krawinkel Holger Tappe | Ambient Entertainment Warner Bros. (Germany) Entertainment Film Distributors (United Kingdom) First Look International (United States) | Posthumous release His second and final score for an animated movie. |
| 2004 | First Daughter | Forest Whitaker | Regency Enterprises New Regency Davis Entertainment 20th Century Fox | Posthumous release, Blake Neely completed the remaining score. |

## Concert works

* Concerto for Saxophone (1990)
* 24 Nights (1991)
* Live in Hyde Park (1997)
* Guitar Concerto (with Tomoyasu Hotei) (1998)
* S&M (1999) with Metallica
* The New Moon in the Old Moon's Arms (2001)
* Quintet (Canadian Brass) (2002)