# Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is a federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that administers the Medicare program and works in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and health insurance portability standards. In addition to these programs, CMS has other responsibilities, including the administrative simplification standards from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), quality standards in long-term care facilities (more commonly referred to as nursing homes) through its survey and certification process, clinical laboratory quality standards under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, and oversight of HealthCare.gov. CMS was previously known as the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) until 2001.
CMS actively inspects and reports on every nursing home in the United States. This includes maintaining the 5-Star Quality Rating System.

## History

Originally, the name "Medicare" in the United States referred to a program providing medical care for families of people serving in the military as part of the Dependents' Medical Care Act, which was passed in 1956. President Dwight D. Eisenhower held the first White House Conference on Aging in January 1961, in which creating a health care program for social security beneficiaries was proposed.
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Social Security Amendments on July 30, 1965, establishing both Medicare and Medicaid. Arthur E. Hess, a deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration, was named as first director of the Bureau of Health Insurance in 1965, placing him as the first executive in charge of the Medicare program. At the time, the program provided health insurance to 19 million Americans. The Social Security Administration (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) became responsible for the administration of Medicaid. Both agencies were organized under what was then known as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), in 1965. Since then, HEW, has been reorganized as the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1980. This consequently brought Medicare and Medicaid under the jurisdiction of the HHS.
In March 1977, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) was established under HEW. HCFA became responsible for the coordination of Medicare and Medicaid. The responsibility for enrolling beneficiaries into Medicare and processing premium payments remained with SSA.
HCFA was renamed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on July 1, 2001.
In 2013, a report by the inspector general found that CMS had paid $23 million in benefits to deceased beneficiaries in 2011.
In April 2014, CMS released raw claims data from 2012 that gave a look into what types of doctors billed Medicare the most.
In January 2018, CMS released guidelines for states to use to require Medicaid beneficiaries to continue receiving coverage. These guidelines came in response to then-President Trump's announcement that he would allow states to impose work requirements in Medicaid. In October, CMS reported a data breach of 75,000 people's personal data due to a hack.
In February 2018, CMS removed a notice from its website that informed insurance companies they were not allowed to charge physicians a fee when the companies paid the doctors for their work. This has resulted in doctors being charged up to a 5% fee on their compensation, adding up to billions of dollars annually.
In January 2021, CMS passed a rule that would cover "breakthrough technology" for four years after they received FDA approval. In September 2021, CMS submitted a proposal to repeal the rule based on safety concerns.
On September 19, 2023, the Subcommittee on Health held a hearing titled "Examining Policies to Improve Seniors’ Access to Innovative Drugs, Medical Devices, and Technology." Dora Hughes, the acting director of the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), defended the proposed Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies (TCET) pathway, which aims to restrict coverage for breakthrough medical devices to five reviews a year. Some lawmakers and medtech trade groups called for expanding the pathway to include diagnostics. Various other legislative proposals were discussed during the hearing, including bills related to Medicare coverage, drug pricing, and transparency in healthcare.

## Workforce

CMS employs over 6,000 people, of whom about 4,000 are located at its headquarters in Woodlawn, Maryland. The remaining employees are located in the Hubert H. Humphrey Building in Washington, D.C., the 10 regional offices listed below, and in various field offices located throughout the United States.
The head of CMS is the administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The position is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. On May 27, 2021, Chiquita Brooks-LaSure was sworn in as administrator, the first black woman to serve in the role.

## Regional offices

CMS has its headquarters in Woodlawn, Maryland, with 10 regional offices located throughout the United States:

## List of administrators

| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | President served under |
| 1 | Arthur E. Hess | 1965 | 1967 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| 2 | Thomas M. Tierney | 1967 | 1978 | Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter |
| 3 | Robert Derzon | June 1977 | November 1978 | Jimmy Carter |
| 4 | Leonard Schaeffer | November 1978 | June 1980 | Jimmy Carter |
| 5 | Howard N. Newman | July 1980 | January 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
| 6 | Carolyne Davis | March 1981 | August 1985 | Ronald Reagan |
| 7 | William L. Roper | May 1986 | February 1989 | Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush |
| 8 | Gail Wilensky | February 1990 | March 1992 | George H. W. Bush |
| 9 | Bruce Vladeck | May 1993 | September 1997 | Bill Clinton |
| 10 | Nancy-Ann DeParle | November 1997 | September 29, 2000 | Bill Clinton |
| 11 | Thomas A. Scully | May 2001 | December 3, 2003 | George W. Bush |
| 12 | Mark McClellan | March 25, 2004 | October 14, 2006 | George W. Bush |
| 13 | Donald Berwick | July 7, 2010 | December 2, 2011 | Barack Obama |
| 14 | Marilyn Tavenner | December 2, 2011 | March 18, 2015 | Barack Obama |
| – | Andy Slavitt Acting | March 18, 2015 | January 20, 2017 | Barack Obama |
| 15 | Seema Verma | March 14, 2017 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
| – | Elizabeth Richter Acting | January 20, 2021 | May 27, 2021 | Joe Biden |
| 16 | Chiquita Brooks-LaSure | May 27, 2021 | January 20, 2025 | Joe Biden |
| – | Jeff Wu Acting | January 20, 2025 | January 31, 2025 | Donald Trump |
| – | Stephanie Carlton Acting | January 31, 2025 | Incumbent | Donald Trump |