# Soyuz-2

Soyuz‑2 (Russian: Союз‑2, lit. 'Union‑2') (GRAU index: 14A14) is a modernized expendable medium-lift launch vehicle and the seventh major version of the Soyuz rocket family. It includes key enhancements over its predecessors, including improved engines along with digital flight control and telemetry systems, enabling launches from fixed platforms and the use of large payload fairings.
In its standard configuration, Soyuz‑2 is a three-stage launch vehicle designed for low Earth orbit missions. Its stage numbering differs from most other rockets: its boosters are considered the first stage, while the central core is the second. For higher orbits like Molniya or geosynchronous, an optional upper (fourth) stage can be added. The most common upper stage is the Fregat, but the smaller, less expensive Volga is also an option. These upper stages have independent flight control systems.
The Soyuz‑2 family has two major variants, with the Soyuz‑2.1a being the base version that first launched on 8 November 2004. The Soyuz‑2.1b, with a 15 percent more powerful third stage, followed on 27 December 2006. In 2011, the Soyuz‑ST was introduced, a derivative version with extensive modifications to launch from the Guiana Space Centre, the European Space Agency's spaceport in French Guiana. Soyuz launches from Guiana were suspended in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The derivative Soyuz-2.1v with a more powerful core stage and no boosters was introduced in December 2013.
The Soyuz‑2 rocket utilizes the existing facilities of its R-7 derived predecessors, Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and Sites 43/3 and 43/4 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwestern Russia. In 2016, an additional launch location opened at Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia.
The Soyuz‑2 has replaced the Molniya-M, Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG rockets since 2010, 2017 and 2019 respectively.

## Variants
### Soyuz 2.1a

The key advancement of the Soyuz‑2.1a is its digital flight control system, which replaces the analog system used in earlier Soyuz models. This upgrade allows the rocket to adjust its trajectory mid-flight, a capability the analog system lacked, eliminating the need for a rotating launchpad. The digital system also supports the use of larger payload fairings, enabling the launch of heavier commercial satellites that the analog system could not handle due to the aerodynamic instability the fairings generate.
The 2.1a retains the upgraded RD-107A engines on the first stage boosters and the RD-108A engine on the second stage core, initially introduced with the Soyuz-FG. These engines feature improved injection systems for enhanced performance. The only change for the Soyuz-2 is the addition of a chemical ignition system. Previously, engines were ignited pyrotechnically with a pair of small charges placed on a wooden stick inside each of the 32 combustion chambers.
The Block I third stage continues to use the RD-0110 engine, but its structure has been unified with the upgraded third stage of the 2.1b to streamline production. These changes slightly enlarged the propellant tanks, enabling longer burn times. The extra burn time combined with the physically lighter and more capable digital flight control system increased payload capacity by 300 kilograms (660 lb).
The Soyuz‑2.1a conducted its maiden flight on 8 November 2004, launching from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 with a boilerplate payload simulating a Zenit-8 spy satellite.

### Soyuz 2.1b

The Soyuz‑2.1b has all the same features as the Soyuz‑2.1a but uses improved third stage built around the new RD-0124, an oxygen-rich closed-cycle engine. While the maximum thrust of the engine was slightly decreased from 298 to 294 kilonewtons (67,000 to 66,000 lb$_f$), specific impulse (a measure of efficiency) was significantly increased 326 to 359 seconds (3.20 to 3.52 km/s) and burn time was increased by 20 seconds on the same quantity of propellants. Taken together, these changes improved payload capability. For example, payload capacity from the Baikonur Cosmodrome to low Earth orbit increased from 7,430 to 8,670 kilograms (16,380 to 19,110 lb).
The first launch of a Soyuz‑2.1b occurred from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 26 July 2008 with a classified military payload.
* Closeup of booster and core stage engines of a Soyuz‑2.1a during launch
* Soyuz‑2.1a prepared for human spaceflight mission Soyuz MS-26
* Soyuz‑2.1b prepared for GLONASS-K2 satellite launch
* From left to right: Soyuz‑2.1v, Soyuz‑2.1b, Soyuz‑2.1a (crewed variant) and the proposed Soyuz‑5

## Vostochny modifications

Modifications for the Vostochny Cosmodrome version of the Soyuz include the following:
* Upgraded Computer: The system boasts six times more performance, reduced weight, and significantly simplified cable networks through multiplexing lines and the use of common buses.
* Improved Batteries: New nickel-cadmium batteries eliminate the need for a dedicated battery charging station.
* On-Board Video System: A video system has been added, enabling real-time views of the launch.
* Adaptation for Vertical Integration: Due to the mobile gantry at Vostochny, which supports vertical payload integration, the rockets are equipped with piping to direct oxygen purges outside the gantry.
On 1 October 2015, it was revealed that parts of the assembly complex for the Soyuz-2 at Vostochny Cosmodrome were designed for a different rocket modification and were too small. This issue raised doubts about the planned first launch in December 2015. The first launch successfully took place on 28 April 2016.

## Notable missions
### Suborbital test flight

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 UTC, the first Soyuz‑2 rocket, in the Soyuz‑2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a suborbital trajectory, with the third stage and Boilerplate landing in the Pacific Ocean.

### Maiden launch

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz‑2 to orbit with the MetOp-A satellite occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and onboard preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad for the next attempt on 18 July 2006. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October 2006.

### First crewed mission

The first crewed launch of Soyuz‑2 took place on 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.

### Naphthyl fuel

Following successful ground testing, a naphthyl (Russian: нафтил) fueled Soyuz‑2.1b launch took place on 22 October 2022 at Vostochny. Naphthyl is an environmentally safe hydrocarbon fuel with fewer aromatic compounds than kerosene, which also slightly improves engine performance. There are only minor differences in thermal properties, viscosity, and surface tension, so this did not require significant engine changes.

## Launch statistics

Since 2006, Soyuz‑2 rockets have accumulated a total of 148 launches, 143 of which were successful, yielding a 97% success rate.

### Launch outcomes

* Failure
* Partial failure
* Success

### Launch sites

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk
* Vostochny

## List of launches

| Launch date Time (UTC) | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Mission type | Remarks |
| 8 November 2004 18:30 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Zenit-8 (boilerplate) | Suborbital flight test | |
| 19 October 2006 16:28 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | MetOp-A | Weather satellite | |
| 24 December 2006 08:34 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 1 | Military communications satellite | |
| 27 December 2006 14:28 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | CoRoT | Astronomy satellite | |
| 26 July 2008 18:31 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2441 (Persona No.1) | Reconnaissance satellite | Launch was successful, but the satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault. |
| 21 May 2009 21:53 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Failure | Meridian 2 | Military communications satellite | Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt. |
| 17 September 2009 15:55 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Meteor-M No.1 BLITSIRISSterkh-2SumbandilaSatUGATUSATUniversitetsky-Tatyana-2 | Weather satellite + 6 piggyback satellites | |
| 19 October 2010 17:11 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites) | Communications satellite | |
| 2 November 2010 00:59 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 3 | Military communications satellite | |
| 26 February 2011 03:07 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2471 (GLONASS-K 11L) | Navigation satellite | |
| 4 May 2011 17:41 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 4 | Military communications satellite | |
| 13 July 2011 02:27 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites) | Communications satellite | |
| 2 October 2011 20:15 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2474 (GLONASS-M 742) | Navigation satellite | |
| 28 November 2011 08:25 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2478 (GLONASS-M 746) | Navigation satellite | |
| 23 December 2011 12:08 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Failure | Meridian 5 | Military communications satellite | Anomaly led to premature third-stage engine deactivation followed by an explosion which caused it to veer off course; satellite not deployed. |
| 28 December 2011 17:09 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Globalstar-2 F3 (6 satellites) | Communications satellite | |
| 17 September 2012 16:28 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | MetOp-B | Weather satellite | |
| 14 November 2012 11:42 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 6 | Military communications satellite | |
| 6 February 2013 16:04:24 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Globalstar-2 F4 (6 satellites) | Communications satellite | |
| 19 April 2013 10:00:00 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Bion-M No.1 Aist 2Beesat 2/3Dove-2OSSI-1SOMP | Biological science satellite + 5 piggyback satellites | |
| 26 April 2013 05:23:46 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2485 (GLONASS-M 747) | Navigation satellite | |
| 7 June 2013 18:37:59 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2486 (Persona No.2) | Reconnaissance satellite | |
| 25 June 2013 17:28:48 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Resurs-P No.1 | Earth observation satellite | |
| 23 March 2014 22:54:03 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2494 (GLONASS-M 754) | Navigation satellite | |
| 6 May 2014 13:49:35 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M) | Reconnaissance satellite | |
| 14 June 2014 17:16:48 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2500 (GLONASS-M 755) | Navigation satellite | |
| 8 July 2014 15:58:28 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Meteor-M No.2 AISSat-2DX-1Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2))SkySat 2TechDemoSat-1UKube-1 | Weather satellite + 6 piggyback satellites | |
| 18 July 2014 20:50:00 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Foton-M No.4 | Microgravity and biology research satellite | |
| 29 October 2014 07:09:43 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress M-25M | ISS cargo spacecraft. This was the first time Soyuz 2.1a rocket was used for an ISS mission launch. | |
| 30 October 2014 01:42:52 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 7 | Military communications satellite | |
| 30 November 2014 21:52:26 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2501 (GLONASS-K 12L) | Navigation satellite | |
| 25 December 2014 03:01:13 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2502 (Lotos-S1 No.1) | ELINT | |
| 26 December 2014 18:55:50 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Resurs-P No.2 | Earth observation satellite | |
| 27 February 2015 11:01:35 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M 1L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 28 April 2015 07:09:50 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Failure | Progress M-27M | ISS logistics | Spacecraft lost communications and attitude control soon after separation after damaged by vibration issues during launch. International Space Station docking attempt cancelled. Mission declared a total loss. |
| 5 June 2015 15:23:54 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M) | Reconnaissance | |
| 23 June 2015 16:44:00 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2506 (Persona No.3) | Reconnaissance | |
| 17 November 2015 06:33:41 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2510 (EKS) | Missile early warning | |
| 21 December 2015 08:44:39 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-01 | ISS logistics | |
| 7 February 2016 00:21:07 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) | Navigation | |
| 13 March 2016 18:56:00 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Resurs-P No.3 | Earth observation | |
| 24 March 2016 09:42 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 31 March 2016 16:23:57 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-02 | ISS logistics | |
| 28 April 2016 02:01:21 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Volga | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Mikhailo Lomonosov Aist-2DSamSat 218 | Gamma-ray astronomy Technology demonstrations | |
| 29 May 2016 08:44:37 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 760) | Navigation | Third stage shut down prematurely during the launch. Fregat upper stage detected the problem and compensated with an extended firing, delivering the satellite to the correct orbit. |
| 25 May 2017 06:33 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | EKS-2 | Missile early warning | |
| 14 June 2017 09:20 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-06 | ISS logistics | |
| 14 July 2017 06:36:49 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Partial failure | Kanopus-V-IK Many cubesats | Earth observation Heliophysics | At least 9 of the 72 CubeSats were reported to have failed, possibly due to an issue with the Fregat upper stage. Glavkosmos, the CubeSat launch provider, later confirmed an anomaly with the Fregat-M upper stage. |
| 22 September 2017 00:02:32 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2522 (GLONASS-M 752) | Navigation | |
| 14 October 2017 08:46:53 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-07 | ISS logistics | |
| 28 November 2017 05:41:46 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Failure | Meteor-M No.2-1 Ionosfera Baumanets Several cubesats | Weather Ionospheric research | The orbital insertion burn was conducted while the upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction, sending it back into the atmosphere. Roscosmos investigation found that 20 years earlier, Baikonur coordinates had mistakenly been hard coded in a Fregat subroutine, and the mistake only manifested itself for the first time due to launching from Vostochny. However, the Russian government and independent experts consider the conclusion a way of escaping individual blame. |
| 2 December 2017 10:43:26 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2524 (Lotos S1 No.2) | ELINT | |
| 1 February 2018 02:07:18 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Kanopus-V No.3, No.4 Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77 S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4 D-Star One v.1.1 | Earth observation Technology demonstrations | |
| 13 February 2018 08:13:33 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-08 | ISS logistics | |
| 16 June 2018 21:30 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2527 (GLONASS-M 756) | Navigation | |
| 9 July 2018 21:51 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-09 | ISS logistics | |
| 25 October 2018 00:15 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 No.3) | ELINT | |
| 3 November 2018 20:17 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2529 (GLONASS-M 757) | Navigation | |
| 27 December 2018 02:07 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Kanopus-V No.5 and Kanopus-V No.6 Dove Flock-w × 12 | Earth observation satellites. | |
| 21 February 2019 19:47 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | EgyptSat A | Earth observation | |
| 4 April 2019 11:01 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-11 | ISS logistics | |
| 27 May 2019 09:23 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | GLONASS-M 758 | Navigation. | Lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after launch without affecting its performance. |
| 5 July 2019 05:41 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik | Weather | |
| 30 July 2019 05:56 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Meridian 8 | Communications | |
| 31 July 2019 12:10 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Progress MS-12 | ISS logistics | |
| 22 August 2019 03:38 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Success | Soyuz MS-14 (uncrewed flight test) | ISS crew transport | |
| 26 September 2019 07:46 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | Kosmos 2541 | Military reconnaissance | |
| 6 December 2019 09:34 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-13 / 74P | ISS logistics | |
| 11 December 2019 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | GLONASS-M 759 | Navigation | |
| 6 February 2020 21:42:41 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | OneWeb-2 (34 satellites) (Baikonur flight 1) | Communications | |
| 20 February 2020 08:24:54 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Meridian M-9 (19L) | Military comsat | |
| 16 March 2020 18:28:00 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | GLONASS-M No.760 (Kosmos 2545) | Navigation | |
| 21 March 2020 17:06:58 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | OneWeb-3 (34 satellites) (Baikonur flight 2) | Communications | |
| 9 April 2020 08:05:06 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-16 | ISS crew transport | |
| 25 April 2020 01:51:41 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-14 | ISS logistics | |
| 22 May 2020 06:45 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Success | EKS-4 (Tundra 14L) | Early warning | |
| 23 July 2020 14:26:22 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-15 | ISS logistics | |
| 28 September 2020 11:20:00 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Gonets-M (17/18/19) GEN-1 (Antilles and Amidala) (Canada), Lemur-2 (4) (United States), MeznSat (United Arab Emirates), SALSAT (Germany), NetSat-1 to 4 (Germany), ICEYE-X6 and X7 (Finland), LacunaSat-3 (Lithuania), Yarilo-1 and 2 (Russia), Norbi (Russia) and Dekart (Descartes) (Russia) | Communications | |
| 14 October 2020 05:45:04 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-17 | ISS crew transport | |
| 25 October 2020 19:08:42 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2547 (GLONASS-K 15L) | Navigation | |
| 3 December 2020 01:14 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Gonets-M 20/21/22 ERA-1 (Kosmos-2548) (nanosatellite) | Communication Technology - Russian Ministry of Defense | |
| 18 December 2020 12:26:26 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb-4 (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 1) | Communications | |
| 2 February 2021 20:45:28 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2549 (Lotos-S1 No.4) | ELINT | |
| 15 February 2021 04:45:05 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-16 | ISS logistics | |
| 28 February 2021 06:55:01 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Arktika-M No.1 | Weather satellite | |
| 22 March 2021 06:07:12 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | CAS500-1 A cluster of secondary commercial payloads (+37 satellites). | Earth observation | |
| 25 March 2021 02:47:33 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb-5 (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 2) | Communications | |
| 9 April 2021 07:42:40 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-18 | ISS crew transport | |
| 25 April 2021 22:14:08 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb-6 (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 3) | Communications | |
| 28 May 2021 17:38:39 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb-7 (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 4) | Communications | |
| 25 June 2021 19:50:00 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2550 (Pion-NKS No.1) | SIGINT | |
| 29 June 2021 23:27:20 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-17 | ISS logistics | |
| 1 July 2021 12:48:33 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb-8 (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 5) | Communications | |
| 21 August 2021 22:13:40 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | OneWeb-9 (34 satellites) (Baikonur flight 3) | Communications | |
| 14 September 2021 18:07:19 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | OneWeb-10 (34 satellites) (Baikonur flight 4) | Communications | |
| 5 October 2021 08:55:02 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-19 | ISS crew transport | |
| 14 October 2021 09:40:10 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | OneWeb (36 satellites) (Vostochny flight 6) | Communications | |
| 28 October 2021 00:00:32 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-18 | ISS logistics | |
| 24 November 2021 13:06:35 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Prichal | ISS assembly | |
| 25 November 2021 01:09:13 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2552 (EKS-5, Tundra 15L) | Early warning | |
| 8 December 2021 07:38:15 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-20 | ISS crew transport and space tourism | |
| 27 December 2021 13:10:37 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | OneWeb (36 satellites) (Baikonur flight 5) | Communications | |
| 5 February 2022 07:00:00 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2553 | Military | |
| 15 February 2022 04:25:39 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-19 | ISS logistics | |
| 18 March 2022 15:55:18 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-21 | ISS crew transport | |
| 22 March 2022 12:48:22 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Meridian-M 10 (20L) | Military communications | |
| 7 April 2022 11:20:18 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2554 (Lotos-S1 No.5) | ELINT | |
| 19 May 2022 08:03:32 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2556 (Bars-M 3L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 3 June 2022 09:32:16 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-20 | ISS logistics | |
| 7 July 2022 09:18:06 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2557 (GLONASS-K 16L) | Navigation | |
| 9 August 2022 05:52:38 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Khayyam 16 rideshare cubesats | Earth observation | |
| 21 September 2022 13:54:49 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-22 | ISS crew transport | |
| 10 October 2022 02:52:32 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2559 (GLONASS-K 17L) | Navigation | |
| 22 October 2022 19:57:09 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Gonets-M 23/24/25 (33L/34L/35L), Skif-D | Communications | |
| 26 October 2022 00:20:09 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-21 | ISS logistics | |
| 2 November 2022 06:47:48 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2563 (EKS-6, Tundra 16L) | Early warning | |
| 28 November 2022 15:13:50 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2564 (GLONASS-M 761) | Navigation | |
| 30 November 2022 21:10:25 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2565 (Lotos-S1 No.6) Kosmos 2566 | ELINT | |
| 9 February 2023 06:15:36 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-22 | ISS logistics | |
| 24 February 2023 00:24:29 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-23 | ISS crew transport | |
| 23 March 2023 06:40:11 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2567 (Bars-M 4L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 24 May 2023 12:56:07 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-23 | ISS logistics | |
| 26 May 2023 21:14:51 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Kondor-FKA No.1 | Reconnaissance | |
| 27 June 2023 11:34:49 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Meteor-M No.2-3 42 rideshare satellites | Weather Various uses | |
| 7 August 2023 13:19:25 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2569 (GLONASS-K2 13L) | Navigation | |
| 10 August 2023 23:10:57 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Luna 25 (Luna-Glob lander) | Lunar exploration | |
| 23 August 2023 01:08:10 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-24 | ISS logistics | |
| 15 September 2023 15:44:35 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-24 | ISS crew transport | |
| 27 October 2023 06:04:43 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2570 (Lotos-S1 No.7) Kosmos 2571 | ELINT | |
| 25 November 2023 20:58:06 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2572 (Razdan 1) | Reconnaissance | |
| 1 December 2023 09:25:11 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-25 | ISS logistics | |
| 16 December 2023 09:17:48 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Arktika-M No.2 | Meteorology | |
| 21 December 2023 08:48:39 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2573 (Bars-M 5L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 15 February 2024 03:25:05 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-26 | ISS logistics | |
| 29 February 2024 05:43:26 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Meteor-M No.2-4 18 rideshare satellites | Weather Various uses | |
| 23 March 2024 12:36:10 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-25 | ISS crew transport | |
| 31 March 2024 09:36:45 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Resurs-P No.4 | Earth observation | |
| 16 May 2024 21:21:29 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2576 (Nivelir-L №4) 9 rideshare satellites | Reconnaissance Various uses | |
| 30 May 2024 09:42:59 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-27 | ISS logistics | |
| 15 August 2024 03:20:18 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-28 | ISS logistics | |
| 11 September 2024 16:23:12 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Soyuz MS-26 | ISS crew transport | |
| 31 October 2024 07:51:31 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2579 (Bars-M 6L) | Reconnaissance | |
| 4 November 2024 23:18:40 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Ionosfera-M №1 Ionosfera-M №2 53 rideshare satellites | Ionospheric research Various uses | |
| 21 November 2024 12:22:23 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-29 | ISS logistics | |
| 29 November 2024 21:50:25 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Success | Kondor-FKA No.2 | Reconnaissance | |
| 4 December 2024 18:03:13 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Success | Kosmos 2580 (Lotos-S1 No.8) | ELINT | |
| 25 December 2024 07:45:42 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Resurs-P No.5 | Earth observation | 2,000th R-7 family rocket launched. |
| 27 February 2025 21:24:27 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Success | Progress MS-30 | ISS logistics | |
| 2 March 2025 22:22:16 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Success | Kosmos 2584 (GLONASS-K2 № 14L (K2 №2)) | Navigation | |

### Planned launches

| Launch date (UTC) | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Function |
| 8 April 2025 06:00 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Planned | Soyuz MS-27 | ISS crew transport |
| 17 June 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Ionosfera-M №3 Ionosfera-M №4 | Ionospheric research |
| 3 July 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-31 | ISS logistics |
| 31 July 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Aist-2T №1 Aist-2T №2 rideshare | Earth observation Various uses |
| 11 September 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-32 | ISS logistics |
| 27 November 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Planned | Soyuz MS-28 | ISS crew transport |
| 19 December 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-33 | ISS logistics |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Planned | Obzor-R №1 | Earth observation |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Meteor-M No.2-5 | Weather |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Planned | Bion-M No.2 | Biological science |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Resurs-PM №1 | Earth observation |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Kondor-FKA-M No.1 | Reconnaissance |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Meteor-M No.2-6 | Weather |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Resurs-PM №2 | Earth observation |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Planned | GLONASS-K № 18L | Navigation |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Planned | GLONASS-K № 19L | Navigation |
| 2025 | Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Planned | Meridian-M № 21L | Communications |
| February 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-34 | ISS logistics |
| March 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Planned | Soyuz MS-29 | ISS crew transport |
| May 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-35 | ISS logistics |
| August 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-36 | ISS logistics |
| September 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Planned | Soyuz MS-30 | ISS crew transport |
| October 2026 | Soyuz‑2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Scheduled | Progress MS-37 | ISS logistics |
| 2027 | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | Planned | Luna 26 | Lunar orbiter |
| | Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Planned | GLONASS-K 19–23 | Navigation |