OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kazakh-Nogai War (1508)

Kazakh-Nogai War (1508) — armed campaign of the Kazakh Khanate against the Nogai Horde

## History

However, the military campaigns of Muhammad Shaybani Khan into the territory of the Kazakh Khanate caused a temporary delay in the Kazakhs' advancement in the western direction. The new expedition against the mirzas of the Nogai Horde was undertaken by the Kazakh rulers only in 1508. In August of that year, the Nogai ruler Alshagyr-Mirza wrote to Moscow: «On the other hand, the Cossacks are hostile to us: they told us that the army was coming to us, and we roamed against them and, God willing, we will return in good time, in my camp Volga» It can be assumed that the Kazakh khans decided to take advantage of the death of Mirza Hasan, son of Vakkas, which occurred around that time. As a result, the Kazakhs occupied the Yaik River and took Saraichik.
Hasan replaced Yamgurchi as the ruler of the Nogai Horde around 1504. As V.V. Trepavlov suggests, the Kazakhs were marching in large numbers, "after all, the eastern Nogai outposts did not dare to repel the raid overnight and called ("told us") reinforcements from the Volga." There is no mention in the archival materials whether there was a battle between the Nogais and the Kazakhs. It is only known that Alshagyr-Mirza returned to his camp in the spring of 1509 and fought against Sheikh-Muhammad. Perhaps these events were reflected in the well-known epic "Koblandy Batyr," where it is said that during one of his campaigns, Alshagyr, capturing the people of Koblandy Batyr, destroyed the city of Karaspan. According to S. Zholdasbayuly, this city was located on the left bank of the Syr Darya River, near the wintering place of Obryuchevka (South Kazakhstan Region).

## Effects

After the deaths of Musa and Yamgurchi (from 1507, their third cousin - the son of Temir Asan is referred to as "prince" in diplomatic documents), the Crimean Khanate attempted to subjugate the Nogai Horde to its political influence. Upon learning that Agish, the son of Yamgurchi, Shidyak, the son of Musa, Ahmed-aga Mirza, and "forty mirzas" had formed an alliance with the Astrakhan Khan Abdul-Kerim, the Crimean Khan in the spring of 1509 mobilized a vast army against them led by Muhammad-Girey-Sultan. "And the Nogais, half of them camped beyond the Volga, and the other half on this side." According to reports from the Khan and the Crimeans received in Moscow in September, the Nogais suffered a severe defeat: "... the mirzas were defeated, their encampments and herds, horses and camels, sheep and livestock, taking everything and bringing it as booty", "and for twenty days they could not bring them as captives in Perekop." In the following years, the Crimean campaigns were repeated, and many Nogai uluses were forced to acknowledge their dependence on Crimea.
# Stig Käll

Stig Lennart Käll (born 31 August 1938, in Stockholm) is a sailor from Sweden. Käll participated in the Olympic regatta in 1964 Summer Olympics in Enoshima together with his brother Lars Käll ending at 18th place in the Flying Duchman class. The brother were noted for having picked up their Australian competitor John Dawe out of the water and brought him to Ian Winter whose boat had capsized a few hundred meters away. For their efforts, they were awarded a newly-created Fair Play Prize.
Käll also participated in Peter Norlin's crew on Scampi when spectacularly winning the Half ton Cup in Sandhamn 1969.
# Bellah (singer)

Isobel Akpobire, known professionally as Bellah, is a British singer, songwriter, and actress.

## Early life and career beginnings

Akpobire was born in Enfield, North London. She grew up as an only child to a single mother and lived with her uncles who influenced her musical tastes by playing 1990s R&B, such as Destiny's Child and SWV.
After participating in musical theatre from the age of four, she undertook her first studio session at age 10, recording a cover of Be Without You by Mary J. Blige.
She found a management team after being spotted at a local festival that she performed at after having sung Beyoncé's Flawless at a school talent show.

## Career

After five years of artist development, Akpobire released her debut EP called Last Train Home in 2019. The debut single released from the EP was Never Loved and this was made Track of the Week by BBC Radio 1Xtra.
This was followed by the release of In the Meantime and The Art of Conversation in 2020, the second of which was released by London-based independent record label Marathon Artists.
Akpobire's music reached a wider audience in 2021 when she performed her single Evil Eye on the ColorsxStudios platform.
In 2022, Akpobire made her debut performance at Wireless Festival. In the same year she released her third EP Adultsville, which was executive produced by Grammy Award winner Ari PenSmith.
Akpobire was nominated for Best R&B/Soul Act at the MOBO Awards in 2023 and she was nominated for Best New International Act at the BET Awards in 2024.
In 2024, Akpobire starred as the character Kyazike Mayagenda in the British television series Queenie. The show aired on Channel 4 and Hulu in June 2024.

## Personal life

Akpobire suffers from sickle cell disease and used her single Cause U Can to help raise awareness of the disease.

## Discography
### EPs

| Title | Artist | Year | Label |
| Last Train Home | Bellah | 2019 | AWAL |
| In the Meantime | Bellah | 2020 | AWAL |
| The Art of Conversation | Bellah | 2020 | Marathon Artists |
| Adultsville | Bellah | 2022 | Marathon Artists |

### Singles as Artist

| Title | Artist | Year | Label |
| Never Loved | Bellah | 2019 | AWAL |
| Peanut Butter Hazel | Bellah | 2019 | AWAL |
| Drip | Bellah | 2019 | AWAL |
| Something U Like | Bellah | 2020 | Marathon Artists |
| If I Were U | Bellah | 2020 | Marathon Artists |
| Evil Eye - A COLORS SHOW | Bellah | 2021 | ColorsxStudios |
# GQ (Indian edition)

GQ is the Indian edition of the American monthly men's magazine called GQ. It is the 15th international edition of GQ and is published by Condé Nast India Pvt. Ltd., a 100% owned subsidiary of Condé Nast International. Condé Nast gained 100% ownership after regulatory changes in 2005 permitted 100% foreign direct investment in non-news and current affairs publications. GQ was the second magazine released in India, after Vogue India, that is 100% foreign owned. Condé Nast India is based in Mumbai and also has an office in New Delhi.
The magazine was launched with the October 2008 issue, which was unveiled by Condé Nast on 29 September 2008. The cover, shot by Pascal Chevallier, featured Saif Ali Khan and Katarina Ivanovska on the regular cover, and Yuvraj Singh, Lisa Haydon, Arjun Rampal and Ujjwala Raut on the gatefold cover.

## Awards

GQ India gives away a number of Awards in various fields. One popular award is the GQ Men of the year award. There are even other felicitations like the 100 Best Dressed people in India, Creative Personality of the year and Most Influential Men List.
# National Association of University Women

The National Association of University Women (NAUW), founded in 1910, is a non-profit organization with a mission to "serve women, youth, and the disadvantaged in our communities and in developing countries by addressing educational issues, and strategically partnering with allied organizations."

## History

The organization was founded in 1910 in Washington, D.C. with the original name of the College Alumnae Club. The organization's original founders were Mary Church Terrell, Nancy Fairfax Brown, Sara Winifred Brown, and Mary Cromwell.
In 1923, the organization was expanded and renamed as the National Association of College Women (NACW). In 1974, the organization updated its charter and was renamed to the National Association of University Women (NAUW).
The organization is composed of African American college and university women graduates and is affiliated with the National Council of Negro Women, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, United Negro College Fund, National Coalition for Literacy, and the American Council on Education.

## Presidents

Below is a partial list of presidents of the organization since 1910.
* Mary Church Terrell – 1910–1912 (as the College Alumnae Club)
* Sara Winifred Brown – 1917–1919
* Lucy D. Slowe – 1924–1929 (first president of the organization as NACW)
* Juanita H. Thomas – 1929–1933
* Vivian J. Cook – 1933–1936
* Helen B. Grosley – 1936–1939
* Hilda A. Davis – 1939–1944 (served two non-consecutive terms)
* Alice Taylor Chandler – 1944–1949
* Flemmie Kittrell – 1949–1951
* Inez B. Brewer – 1951–1953
* Thelma Taylor Williams – 1953–1957
* Hilda A. Davis – 1957–1961 (served two non-consecutive terms)
* Lillian W. McDaniel – 1961–1965
* Portia C. Bullock – 1965–1969
* Odessa Wright Farrell – 1969–1974 (first president of the organization as NAUW)
* Margaret Una Poché – 1974–1978
* Nettie S. Manning – 1978–1982
* Rhebena T. Castleberry – 1982–1986
* Carrie A. Haynes – 1986–1990
* Ruth R. Corbin – 1990–1994
* Phyllis J. Eggleston – 1994–1998
* Ezora J. Proctor – 1998–2002
* Lenore Gall – 2002–2006
* Ollie Johnson – 2006–2010
* Dolores Y. Owens – 2010–2014
* Evelyn L. Wright – 2014–2018
* Mary E. Bentley LaMar – 2018–2022
* Betty W. Wilkerson – 2022–Present
# Bailey Hayward

Bailey Hayward (born 5 April 2001) is a Scotland international rugby league footballer who plays as a lock for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL.

## Background

Hayward was born in Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. He is of Scottish descent. He is the grandson of former Newtown Jets player Paul Hayward and the brother of Central Coast Mariners forward Paige Hayward in the A-League Women.
Hayward is a Canterbury-Bankstown local junior from the St George Dragons (Clemton Park) junior club.

## Playing career
### Club career

In 2022, Hayward played in eight games for the Canterbury-Bankstown in the NSW Cup. In round 6 of the 2024 NRL season, Hayward made his first grade debut for Canterbury in their narrow 16-14 loss against Melbourne. In round 7, Hayward scored his first NRL try in the Bulldogs' 36–12 victory over the Newcastle Knights at Accor Stadium. Hayward played 20 games for Canterbury in the 2024 NRL season as the club qualified for the finals finishing 6th on the table. Hayward played in their elimination final loss against Manly.

### International career

In 2022, Hayward was named in the Scotland squad for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.
# 2009 St. Petersburg Open

The 2009 St. Petersburg Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 15th edition of the St. Petersburg Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Petersburg Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from October 25 through November 1, 2009.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Mikhail Youzhny | 30 | 1 |
| ROU | Victor Hănescu | 31 | 2 |
| SRB | Victor Troicki | 32 | 3 |
| FRA | Jérémy Chardy | 36 | 4 |
| RUS | Igor Andreev | 41 | 5 |
| RUS | Evgeny Korolev | 51 | 6 |
| URU | Pablo Cuevas | 52 | 7 |
| ARG | Horacio Zeballos | 54 | 8 |
* Seeds are based on the rankings of October 19, 2009

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Stanislav Vovk
* Andrey Kuznetsov
* Michail Elgin
The following players received into the singles main draw as special exempt:
* Mikhail Kukushkin
* Illya Marchenko
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Oleksandr Dolgopolov Jr.
* Petru-Alexandru Luncanu
* Yuri Schukin
* Sergiy Stakhovsky

## Finals
### Singles

Sergiy Stakhovsky defeated Horacio Zeballos 2–6, 7–6$^{(10–8)}$, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$
* Stakhovsky wins his first title of the year and second of his career.

### Doubles

Colin Fleming / Ken Skupski defeated Jérémy Chardy / Richard Gasquet, 2–6, 7–5, [10–4]
# Kazakh-Tashkent War (1534)

The Kazakh-Tashkent War was a conflict in the first half of the XVI century between the Kazakh Khanate and the Bukhara Khanate, where the Kazakhs fought with Tashkent in 1534.

## Background

Since the 1520s, the first internecine war for the throne has been going on in the Kazakh khanate. Long before that, Kasym Khan annexed the lands of the Noag horde during the Kazakh-Nogai War (1515-1521), but after his death, the Nogais, as Trepavlov writes, began the Nogai "reconquista" by reconquering their lands and the capital, driving the Kazakhs beyond the Irtysh. But already in 1530, the Kazakhs knocked out the Nogais across the Emba River.

## War

The struggle between the Kazakh rulers and the Shaybanids continued even after Tahir Khan left the historical scene. In fact, until 1537 the Kazakhs posed a real threat to the northern territories of the Uzbek state. Archive documents show that during these years they attempted to take Tashkent from the Shaybanids.
In September 1536, a letter from the Russian ambassador D. Gubin was delivered to Moscow, stating:
   "And the Stekhani (of Tashkent), Sovereign, the ambassador came to the prince and the Murzas, so that the prince and the Myrzas would go against the Kaki (Kazakhs - author), and Tashkeni, Sovereign, from the Cossacks, they say good, good is necessary. They expect it to be raised this summer or in winter. And that’s why, Sir, the Cossacks say they won’t go to Nagai, because they’re fighting in Tashken.”
It is also known that the Kazakhs defeated the Uzbeks twice.
The campaigns of the Kazakh army and the threat of losing Tashkent forced Ubaydallah Khan to seek allies. He found it in the person of a Chagatai (more specifically - Timurid) Abd ar-Rashid Khan, the ruler of the Mughal state. As a result of negotiations, an Uzbek-Mughal military alliance emerged. It was concluded at the mountain pass of "Ak-Boguz" in opposition to the Kazakh-Kyrgyz alliance, which had formed during the reign of Kazakh Khan Tahir. The alliance between Uzbeks and Mughals was cemented by a dynastic marriage. Ubaydallah married one of the sisters of Abd ar-Rashid Khan.

## Consequences

In 1537, Uzbeks, Moguls and Nogais defeated the Kazakhs in the battle of San Tash, killing 37 Kazakh sultans.
# Verdant Works

Verdant Works, also known as Scotland's Jute Museum, is a former jute mill in the Blackness area of Dundee, Scotland. It was purchased in 1991 by the Dundee Heritage Trust. The trust restored the buildings, which were officially opened by Prince Charles on 16 September 1996, as a museum dedicated to the textile industry, an industry that once dominated the city's economy.

## Historic building

The Verdant Works was given Category A listed building status by Historic Scotland in 1987. This is the highest category for listing in Scotland, denoting a building of national architectural importance. It is a rare surviving example of a courtyard-type mill, with its original building layout and many original features remaining. It is one of a declining number of industrial premises in Dundee and east-central Scotland remaining little-changed from the 19th century.

## Museum

The Verdant Works are the only dedicated jute museum in the United Kingdom. As a museum, the Verdant Works tell the story of Dundee's textile industries, focusing primarily on the jute and linen industries. The production of textiles was the dominant industry in Dundee for many years, directly employing 50,000 people in the city (half the working population) by the end of the 19th century, as well as many more thousands in associated trades such as shipbuilding, transportation, and engineering. At the time Dundee supplied the majority of the world's demand for jute products, meaning it was also of importance for both Scottish and British histories.
The jute collections cover the entire history of the jute industry. It covers topics such as manufacturing, research and development, end products, quality control, textile engineering, the industry's Indian connections, and the lives of the workers. Objects include machinery patterns, jute and flax products, small tools, technical drawings, plans, and quality control and testing equipment.
The archives and photographic records of various mills and their workers have considerable historical research value. As well as the large machinery objects, the collections cover the fields of industrial history, social history, fine art, archives, business papers, photographs, costumes, and numismatics.
Verdant Works is a fully accredited museum and has won numerous awards, both national and international, as well as being a 5-star-rated tourist attraction with Visit Scotland. In 2008, the Jute Collection was named as a Recognised Collection of National Significance.
In September 2015, a new section of the museum was opened in the High Mill, after an extensive restoration of this building. The High Mill was built in 1833, and is the oldest part of the complex. The project to conserve the High Mill and convert it into an open gallery was partly funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.
# Tella

Tella or talla (Amharic ጠላ; Oromo: farsoo, Tigrinya: siwa) is a traditional beer from Ethiopia. It is brewed from various grains, which can change depending on location. These typically include barley or teff. Depending on region, wheat, sorghum, or corn may be used; spices can also be added. Dried and ground shiny-leaf buckthorn leaves are used for fermentation. The drink is made in a clay pot. The pot is washed with a plant called grawa. After rinsing it is smoked with weyra or Abyssinian rose. The alcohol content of tella is usually around 2–4 volume percent.
Tella is often home-brewed. It may be offered in tella houses (tellabet) or served in the home. In urban areas, the drink is used on special occasions like holidays or weddings.
Tella was commonly used for kiddush by the Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews). Tella was used because wine was often unavailable. Due to the availability of wine in Israel, Ethiopian-Israelis generally use wine for kiddush instead of tella.
# SR Class 4DD

The SR Class 4DD was an experimental double-decker electric multiple unit built in 1949 and operated by British Railways - Southern Region until 1971. Conceived by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway's commuter line from London Charing Cross to Dartford, the two trains were the only double-decker trains to be used on the mainline railway network in Britain. Whilst commonly used in continental Europe and North America, the restrictive railway loading gauge in the United Kingdom prohibits normal double-decker trains with two fully separated decks.

## History

The 4DD was more split-level than truly double-deck because the compartments were alternately high and low to ensure that the overall height of the train was exactly within the clearances necessary to safely pass through tunnels and under bridges. A mock-up was displayed at London Marylebone in 1949 shortly before it was first introduced into service, but an assessment after one year in service revealed that the design would not be the optimum solution to the problems of overcrowding, nor would it help increase capacity, and the decision was made to extend trains from eight coaches to ten coaches by using regular, single-decker multiple units.
The intention to carry more passengers in a train of the same length as other contemporary stock was met, with the two 4-DD units having 1,104 seats compared to 800 in other units of similar age. However it was found that the additional number of passengers meant longer time spent at stations to allow passengers to get on and off. In practice, the upper compartments were cramped and poorly ventilated because the upper-level windows were impossible to open due to tight clearance. To resolve this problem, the compartments were pressure-ventilated, but the equipment proved to be unreliable.
Near the end, they were renumbered 4901 and 4902. 4001 and 4002 were reassigned to another pair of prototype Southern Region four-coach EMUs, the 4-PEPs.
Unusually for an "experiment" they lasted in traffic from 1949 to 1971, undergoing routine maintenance and repaints with no hiccups in their life. The two units were finally withdrawn on 1 October 1971 having travelled approximately 700,000 miles in service.

## Formations

| Key: | Scrapped | Preserved |
| Unit Numbers | Unit Numbers | DMBT | TT | TT | DMBT | Notes |
| Initial number | Final Number | DMBT | TT | TT | DMBT | Notes |
| 4001 | 4901 | 13001 | 13501 | 13502 | 13002 | (built September 1949) |
| 4002 | 4902 | 13003 | 13503 | 13504 | 13004 | (built October 1949) |

## Preservation

Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 survive, the former at Kent Locomotives Ltd - Sellindge, Kent, and the latter at the Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust. 13004 was moved to Kent by the Bulleid 4DD group to join 13003 in May 2023. One trailer was also preserved, but it was scrapped when Ashford Steam Centre closed in 1984, in lieu of rent owed. Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 are now (May 2023) both in the care of Bulleid 4-DD Group, which plans to restore them.
# Deel

Deel may refer to:
* Deel (clothing), the main article of traditional Mongolian clothing
* Deel Inc., a privately held San Francisco-based payroll and compliance company
* River Deel, in County Limerick, Ireland
* Deel, Virginia, unincorporated community in Buchanan County, Virginia, United States
# Smithville, Oklahoma

Smithville is a town in McCurtain County, Oklahoma, United States. Its population was 77 at the 2020 census, down from 113 at the 2010 census. Smithville has the distinction of being the wettest spot in Oklahoma ranked by highest annual average precipitation, at 55.71 inches.

## Geography

Smithville lies in McCurtain County, just east of U.S. Route 259 on Oklahoma Route 4. The town is just north of the Mountain Fork River and about 10 miles north of Broken Bow Lake. The town is among a handful of towns in the southeastern corner of Oklahoma, in an area known as Little Dixie.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, 113 people, 53 households, and 28 families were residing in the town. The population density was 111 people per square mile (39/km$^2$). The 65 housing units had an average density of 60/sq mi (23/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 58.4% White, 34.5% Native American, and 7.1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.7% of the population.
Of the 53 households, 32% included children under 18, 34% were married couples living together, 17% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47% were not families. Individuals living alone accounted for 47% of households and those individuals 65 or older living alone accounted for 21% of households. The average household size was 2.13, and the average family size was 3.07.
In the town, theage distribution was 31% under 18, 7% from 18 to 24, 22% from 25 to 44, 25% from 45 to 64, and 15% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years.
The median income for a household in the town was $21,136, and for a family was $16,083. The per capita income for the town was $15,674. There were 61.9% of families and 45.2% of the population living below the poverty line.

## Notable people

* Curtis McDaniel, politician