# Sunamganj District

Sunamganj District (Bengali: সুনামগঞ্জ জেলা), is a district located in north-eastern Bangladesh in Sylhet Division.

## History

In the ancient period, Sunamganj was part of the Laur Kingdom. After the conquest of Sylhet (Kingdom of Gauiurh) in 1303 by Muslims under the spiritual guidance of Shah Jalal, Shah Kamal Quhafah established a capital in Shaharpara with the aid of his twelve disciples and his second son, Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, who also maintained a second sub-administration office at Nizgaon on the bank of the river Surma, present day Shologhar (there is now Shologhar Masjid and madrasa) in Sunamganj town, which was administered by one of his descendants. Between the latter part of 1300 CE and 1765 CE, the present-day Sunamganj district was a part of Iqlim-e-Muazzamabad, i.e., the state of Muazzamabad, which was an independent state until 1620 when it was conquered by the mighty Mughal of Delhi. The last sultan of Muazzamabad was Hamid Qureshi Khan, who was a descendant of Shah Kamal Quhafah and he was widely known by his appellation of Shamsher Khan. After the fall of Jalalabad (present-day Sylhet), Shamsher Khan accepted the post of Nawab-cum-Fauzadar and remained so until his death at the Battle of Giria on 29 April 1740 along with Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab of Bengal.

## Administration
### District

The district administrator is appointed from amongst non-civil servants, usually from amongst the member of political party that is in power at the time of appointment and endorsed by the central government. The deputy commissioner is appointed from amongst career civil servants and administers all subordinate branches of the administration such as Upazila parishad Mr.Black was the first district commissioner of Sunamganj.

### Subdistricts

Sunamganj District comprises 12 sub-districts or upazilas:
* Bishwamvarpur
* Chhatak
* Shantiganj
* Derai
* Dharamapasha
* Dowarabazar
* Jagannathpur
* Jamalganj
* Sullah
* Sunamganj Sadar
* Tahirpur
* Madhyanagar
During the late British colonial period, Sunamganj was a subdivision and contained six thanas; Sunamganj Sadar, Tahirpur, Chhatak (inc. Duarabazar), Derai, Jagannathpur and Dharmapasa.

## Demographics

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Sunamganj District had 528,550 households and a population of 2,695,496 with an average 5.09 people per household. Among the population, 614,526 (22.80%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 719 people per km$^2$. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 64.92%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and the sex ratio was 96.43 males per 100 females. Approximately, 14.92% of the population lived in urban areas.
Religions in Sunamganj District (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 88.20% | 88.20% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 11.69% | 11.69% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.11% | 0.11% |
Religion in present-day Sunamganj District :
| Religion | 1941$^{:36–37}$ | 1941$^{:36–37}$ | 1981 | 1981 | 1991 | 1991 | 2001 | 2001 | 2011 | 2011 | 2022 | 2022 |
| Religion | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 417,505 | 65.45% | 1,178,109 | 82.46% | 1,428,729 | 83.62% | 1,715,033 | 85.16% | 2,144,535 | 86.89% | 2,377,349 | 88.20% |
| Hinduism | 217,993 | 34.17% | 246,444 | 17.25% | 272,545 | 15.95% | 294,765 | 14.64% | 319,376 | 12.94% | 315,044 | 11.69% |
| Others | 2,399 | 0.38% | 4,234 | 0.29% | 7,289 | 0.43% | 3,940 | 0.20% | 4,057 | 0.17% | 3,103 | 0.11% |
| Total Population | 637,897 | 100% | 1,428,787 | 100% | 1,708,563 | 100% | 2,013,738 | 100% | 2,467,968 | 100% | 2,695,496 | 100% |
Muslims make up 88.20% of the population, while Hindus are 11.69% of the population. There is a minority of 2,600 Christians in the district, mainly in Madhyanagar, Tahirpur and Sunamganj Sadar upazilas. The ethnic population was 5,308, of which 2,003 were Garo and 1,506 Hudi.

## Education

University
* Sunamganj Science and Technology University
* Sunamganj Agricultural University
Medical College
* Bangabandhu Medical College

## Healthcare

The district has 12 government hospitals and 22 health centers. The infant mortality rate is 62 per 1000 child births. The average lifespan of the district's residents is 62 years.

## Notable people

* Shah Abdul Karim, Bangladeshi Baul musician and songwriter
* A. Zahur Miah, Member of Parliament, politician
* Abdur Raees (1931-1988), former Member of Parliament in Pakistan and Bangladesh
* Abdus Samad Azad (1922-2005), former Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Anwar Choudhury (born 1959), former Governor of the Cayman Islands and High Commissioner of the UK to Bangladesh
* Apsana Begum (born 1990), Member of the British Parliament for Poplar and Limehouse
* Asaddor Ali (1929-2005), writer, researcher and historian
* Ayub Ali Master (1880-1980), social reformer in Britain
* Dewan Mohammad Azraf, educator, philosopher and National Professor of Bangladesh
* Hassan Shahriar, journalist and political analyst
* Kakon Bibi, fighter, Bir Protik
* Luthfur Rahman (born 1976), deputy leader of Manchester, England
* Nazir Ahmed Chowdhury, footballer
* Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi (1915-2003), social reformer in Britain
* Shah Kamal Quhafah (1291-1385), Arab religious figure
* Shahed Ali, author and novelist
* Syeda Shahar Banu (1914-1983), language activist
* Manik Lal Ray, communist politician, teacher pioneer of mass-education, fighter
* Ramkanai Das, classical and folk musician
* Shushama Das, folk musician
* Suhasini Das, social worker and activist
* Radharaman Dutta, musician and mystic poet
* Shah Abdul Karim, musician and songwriter
* Hason Raja, musician and mystic poet
* Alaur Rahman, vocalist and music composer
* Pagol Hasan, vocalist, musician and song writer
* Justice Imman Ali (Rtd), Appellate division of
Supreme Court of Bangladesh