OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nagarik App

Nagarik App (translation: Citizen App) is a mobile application launched by the Government of Nepal to provide government-related services in a single online platform. The app was developed to facilitate an easier, systematic, and simplified delivery of government services to Nepali citizens digitally. The app was launched to play a pivotal role in revolutionizing the way citizens interact with the government. It offers government services through a single unified platform, minimizing the need for citizens to navigate multiple channels or physical offices for their diverse needs of government services. The services are added gradually according to the needs and services required. The government aims to reduce the physical queues and the need to be physically present to get services from the different government offices. One can get services online round-the-clock even during holidays. As of now, 25 services are included in the app, ranging from Police Clearance Report to Voters Card.
The app contains and provides a vast range of government services. The app was launched on the occasion of the fourth National Information and Communication Technology Day, 2021 (2078 BS). The event marked a significant milestone in Nepal’s digital transformation journey. It aims to reduce all the bureaucratic hurdles that the citizens have been facing and make government services more efficient and convenient.
In Oct 20, 2024, a E-Chalan was introduced for managing traffic violations in initially piloting in Kathmandu Valley. The Kathmandu Valley Traffic Police Office announced that physical licenses would no longer be confiscated for traffic rule violations. Instead, a "Digital Chit (E-Chalan)" system was implemented, allowing drivers to pay fines electronically. Integrated with the NagarikApp, the system enables police to access drivers' licenses, record violations, and update details directly in the app.

## Features and Services

* Inland Revenue Department (Nepal) PAN Registration
* Election Commission (Nepal) Voter Card Pre-Registration and Details
* Nepal Police Online Clearance Report
* Vehicle Tax Payment
* Pre-Registration for COVID vaccination, QR Certificate
* Nepal Passport, Driving License, National Identity Card (NID), Citizenship, and Voter ID link details
* My Municipality (Includes contact info of the representatives, services such as ambulance, nearby police, and budget programs and plans)
* The Government Press ID card
* PF/PAN/SST/CIT statements can be viewed
* Nagarik Pahichan Dwar (Online bank accounts can be opened and KYC can be verified for selected banks using the QR)

## Awards and honors

Each year, World Summit Award honors outstanding digital applications and solutions across various categories. The winners of the World Summit Award represent the pinnacle of innovation in their respective categories. Nagarik App was selected among 180 participants and won the World Summit Award of 2022 in Government and Citizen Engagement category.
# Federal University for Latin American Integration

The Federal University for Latin American Integration (Portuguese: Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana, UNILA) is a public university located in the Brazilian city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, at the tri-national border shared by Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. UNILA emphasises natural resources, social studies and language, international relations and areas considered important for development and regional integration.
UNILA is a bilingual university, where Portuguese and Spanish are used.

## History

Luiz Inácio da Silva, Brazil's former president, proposed the University creation in 2007, however it was created only on January 12, 2010 on the border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.
UNILA was the thirteenth university inaugurated by the Lula Government, and had its first class of 200 students among Brazilians, Paraguayans, Uruguayans and Argentines in August 2010, with an estimated investment of approximately 550 million reais, a portentous construction expected to end in 2014, with the architectural design of the famous Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer.
It is connected to the network of federal universities in Brazil. Its mission is to contribute to Latin American integration, with emphasis on Mercosur, through technical cooperation among universities, government agencies and international.

## Courses
### Undergraduate

* Biological Sciences
* Economic Sciences
* Social and Political Sciences
* Engineering Physics
* Materials Engineering
* Energy Engineering
* Civil Engineering of Infrastructure
* Architecture
* International Relations and Integration
* Cinema and Audiovisual

### Postgraduate

* Biosciences
* Neotropical Biodiversity
* Economics
* Civil Engineering
* Applied Physics
* History
* Contemporary Latin American Integration
* Latin American Studies
* Comparative Literature
* International Relations
# John Boyd Watson

John Boyd Watson (September 1828 – 4 June 1889), was a Scottish-born Australian mining magnate and investor.

## Career

He initially worked as a currier at Watson, New South Wales, leaving for Sydney in 1850 and then to the Californian Gold Rush, on his return he went to Sandhurst (now Bendigo) in Victoria where he successfully established a number of mining operations, first at Fifth White Hill, then respectively Paddy's Gully, Old Chum Claim on New Chum Hill. He was a partner in Cornish United Co. and in the late 1860s secured an interest in the adjoining Golden Fleece, Kent and Garden Gully claims. These were later amalgamated under one lease as the Kentish Mine.
He invested in real estate and commercial ventures in Sandhurst and Melbourne. He was one of the founders of the Sydney Daily Telegraph.

## Early life and family

Born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland in 1828, he emigrated to Australia with his parents and siblings on the Orestes arriving in Sydney on 14 March 1841.
Watson married Mary Ann Covell on 6 August 1861 at All Saints Anglican Church, Sandhurst. They had four sons and five daughters. One daughter married Billy Murdoch, another married Malcolm Donald McEacharn. He died on 4 June 1889 in Waverley, New South Wales. He left almost all his fortune of between £1 million and £2 million to his children and grandchildren (one of whom was Basil George Watson), substantial legal proceedings were required to resolve a number of issues. His Victorian assets were valued for probate at £976,549.
# The Californian (1880s magazine)

The Californian was a San Francisco literary periodical issued monthly during 1880–1882, published by Anton Roman who had helped found the earlier (and later) Overland Monthly. The Californian was a continuation of the Overland Monthly after its 1875 cessation, and changed back into the Overland Monthly in late 1882.

## History

The Californian was first edited by Frederick M. Somers as a purely Western-focused magazine. Some have called it "Somers' Californian" to distinguish it from an earlier 1860s newspaper, The Californian, and from the later Californian Illustrated Magazine funded by Charles Frederick Holder and edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman. The first editorial statement, in the first issue, was
   The Californian will be thoroughly Western in character, local to this coast in its flavor, representative and vigorous in its style and method of dealing with questions, and edited for popular rather than for a severely literary constituency.
Contributors included Joaquin Miller, Edward Rowland Sill, Ambrose Bierce, John Muir, Josiah Royce, Joseph LeConte, Charles Edwin Markham Yda Hillis Addis, Katharine Lee Bates, Kate Douglas Wiggin and Ina Coolbrith.
A half year after publication began, the reaction in other periodicals was good. In California, the San Francisco Bulletin said the new magazine was "a serial which more and more proves its claim to be no unworthy successor of The Overland..." The Oakland Tribune wrote that "[i]t is a capital magazine, creditable to its editor and contributors, and a proud monument to the originality and culture of the Pacific Coast." Praise for the magazine spread eastward, too. The Daily Hawkeye in Burlington, Iowa noted that "the articles it contains are fully equal to those in the Eastern periodicals. It is a credit to the Pacific Coast". In Philadelphia, the Chronicle-Herald noticed that "many of the contributors are women, some of whom write with much grace and force. There is the odor of the Pacific about the whole publication, which deserves to win its way into many Eastern homes."
Lawyer and poet Charles Henry Phelps followed Somers as editor. Phelps edited the periodical until it folded in September 1882. The editors and contributors published The Californian and Overland Monthly for three months beginning in October 1882, then in January, 1883 dropped the word "Californian" entirely to revive the old Overland Monthly.
# Gary Ingham

Gary Ingham (9 October 1964 – 20 November 2012) was an English professional footballer and coach who played as a goalkeeper. He spent most of his career in non-league football but had two spells in the Football League with Doncaster Rovers.

## Playing career

Born in Rotherham, began his career with hometown club Rotherham United. After a spell with Kiveton Park in August 1983, he signed for Gainsborough Trinity, where he spent loan spells at Shepshed Charterhouse, Goole Town, Bridlington Town and Maltby Miners Welfare.
He returned to Rotherham United in March 1993, moving to Doncaster Rovers in March 1994, for whom he made his Football League debut. After a spell back with Gainsborough Trinity he returned to Doncaster Rovers in August 1997, making a further 10 Football League appearances. He later played for Conference side Stalybridge Celtic; after suffering an injury he was loaned to Stocksbridge Park Steels (where he made 19 appearances) and then sold to Leek Town. He returned to Stalybridge Celtic in 1999, and then moved back to Gainsborough Trinity in 2001, his third spell with the club.
He joined Belper Town as a player-coach in June 2002, moving to Frickley Athletic in October 2004. He moved to Grantham Town in 2006, before returning to Stocksbridge Park Steels as player-assistant manager. He also played for Ossett Albion.

## Coaching career

Ingham was a player-coach at Belper Town, and worked as an assistant manager at Stocksbridge Park Steels. He left the club in November 2011.

## Death

Ingham died on 20 November 2012.
# Federal University of Western Pará

The Federal University of Western Pará (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA) is a public university in the state of Pará, in northern Brazil.
UFOPA was founded in 1970 as Núcleo de Educação em Santarém (NES), and was renamed UFOPA in 2009. It has an annual budget of 90 million real, and has over 400 faculty and over 10,000 students.
# José Armando Bermúdez

José Armando Bermúdez Rochet (28 April 1871 – 4 October 1941) was a Dominican Republic businessman and the founder of J. Armando Bermúdez & Co., C. por A. The José Armando Bermúdez National Park is named in his honour.
He was born on 28 April 1871 to Erasmo Bermúdez Jiménez (1825–1907), a Venezuelan immigrant, and Petronila Rochet Gómez (1839–1889), the daughter of a French immigrant of Belgian Walloon and French descent.
In 1899 he married Ana Luisa Ramos de Peña and begat six children, all males: José Ignacio (1899–1968), Aquiles (1901–1970), Domingo Octavio (1902–1967), Luis Francisco "Frank" (1904–1949), Víctor Manuel "Tontón" (1906–1959) and Fernando Arturo (1909–1955).
Bermúdez died on 4 October 1941.
# The Chattahoochee Review

The Chattahoochee Review is a literary journal published by Georgia State University's Perimeter College. It is widely regarded as one of the leading voices in Southern fiction and was established in 1981. The journal contains fiction, poetry, and non-fiction.
The journal awards the Lamar York Prizes for Fiction and Nonfiction and the Townsend Prize for Fiction.

## Editors

The following are the current editors of the journal:
* Editor - Anna Schachner
* Managing Editor - Lydia Ship
* Fiction editor - Buell Wisner
* Poetry editor - Michael Diebert
* Non-fiction editor - Amber Nicole Brooks

## History

The Chattahoochee Review was founded in 1981 by English professor and critic Lamar York, who was its founding editor. In 1997, Lawrence Hetrick became editor of the journal.
In 2003, the journal received the "Governor's Awards in the Humanities" from the State of Georgia in recognition of its legacy. In 2011, Anna Schachner became editor of the journal.
Writers whose work has appeared in the journal include William Gay, George Singleton, Natasha Trethewey, Walter Griffin, Anthony Grooms, Terry Kay, Judson Mitcham, and Marion Montgomery.
The journal awards the Lamar York Prizes for Fiction and Nonfiction annually to a winning essay and story.
The Townsend Prize for Fiction is administrated every two years by The Chattahoochee Review and the Georgia Center for the Book. The award is given to an "outstanding novel or short-story collection published by a Georgia writer during the past two years" and is "the state of Georgia’s oldest and most prestigious literary award."
# Minister of Health (South Africa)

In the South African government, the minister of health is the member of the national Cabinet responsible for the Department of Health, and therefore for national health policy and the administration of public health. The position is of particular importance in South Africa because of the massive impact of the AIDS pandemic in the country.

## List of health ministers

| No. | Name | Party | Term |
| 1 | Thomas Watt | South African Party | 1919-1921 |
| 2 | Patrick Duncan | Unionist Party | 1921-1924 |
| 3 | Daniel François Malan | National Party | 1924-1933 |
| 4 | Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr | South African Party | 1933-1936 |
| 5 | Richard Stuttaford | Unionist Party | 1936-1939 |
| 6 | Harry Gordon Lawrence | Unionist Party | 1939-1945 |
| 7 | Henry Gluckman | Unionist Party | 1945-1948 |
| 8 | Albert Jacobus Stals | National Party | 1948-1951 |
| 9 | Karl Bremer | National Party | 1951-1953 |
| 10 | Albertus Johannes Roux van Rhijn | National Party | 1953-1954 |
| 11 | Tom Naudé | National Party | 1954-1956 |
| 12 | Johannes Hendrikus Viljoen | National Party | 1956-1957 |
| 13 | Michiel Daniel Christiaan de Wet Nel | National Party | 1958 |
| 14 | Albert Hertzog | National Party | 1958-1968 |
| 15 | Carel de Wet | National Party | 1968-1972 |
| 16 | Schalk van der Merwe (politician) | National Party | 1972- 1979 |
| 17 | Lourens Munnik | National Party | 1979-1982 |
| 18 | Cornelis van der Merwe | National Party | 1982-1985 |
| 19 | Willie van Niekerk | National Party | 1985-1989 |
| 20 | Rina Venter | National Party | 1989-1994 |
| 21 | Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma | African National Congress | May 1994 - May 1999 |
| 22 | Manto Tshabalala-Msimang | African National Congress | June 1999 - 25 September 2008 |
| 23 | Barbara Hogan | African National Congress | 25 September 2008 - 10 May 2009 |
| 24 | Aaron Motsoaledi | African National Congress | 11 May 2009 - 29 May 2019 |
| 25 | Zweli Mkhize | African National Congress | 30 May 2019 - 8 June 2021 |
| - | Mmamoloko Kubayi (acting) | African National Congress | 9 June 2021 - 5 August 2021 |
| 26 | Joe Phaahla | African National Congress | 6 August 2021 – 19 June 2024 |
| 27 | Aaron Motsoaledi | African National Congress | 3 July 2024 (incumbent) |
# Agustín Cárdenas

Agustín Cárdenas Alfonso (April 10, 1927, Matanzas, Cuba – February 9, 2001, Havana, Cuba) was a Cuban sculptor who was active in the Surrealist movement in Paris. His sculpture was influenced by Brâncuși, Henry Moore, and Jean Arp. Poet André Breton said of his artistic hand that it was "efficient as a dragonfly."

## Biography

Cárdenas was a descendant of slaves from Senegal and the Congo, and was born in Matanzas, a major port in the sugar industry. In Cuba, Cárdenas studied under Juan José Sicre, and from 1943 to 1949 at Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes “San Alejandro” in Havana. He was member of Asociación de Grabadores de Cuba (AGC) from 1951 to 1955, and of the creative group Los Once from 1953 to 1955. Cárdenas' work was exhibited several times in 1952 "Pintura Ávila Escultura Cárdenas" at Palacio de los Trabajadores in Havana, and in 1955 he exhibited a selection of his pieces in "Agustín Cárdenas: 20 esculturas" at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana.
He settled in Paris in 1955 and in 1957 joined the Surrealist movement there. His work incorporated aspects of his African heritage and of Dogon totems.
In 1987, his work was in the Corea Gallery, Seoul, South Korea. In 1993, his work was exhibited in "Agustín Cárdenas" in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana and in 2002, Cárdenas's work was presented in "Desires and Grace" at the Haim Chanin Fine Arts Gallery in New York City.
Cárdenas also took part in many group exhibitions such as the IV Exposición Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado at the Centro Asturiano in Havana in 1950 and the "Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme Eros" at the Galerie Daniel Cordier in Paris in 1960. He participated in the II Bienal Internacional de la Pequeña Escultura in 1973 in Budapest, Hungary and the exhibition of Abstract Art "Tono a Tono" in the Salón de la Solidaridadin the Hotel Habana Libre in Havana in 2000.
Cárdenas has been awarded with several distinctions during his life, including Segundo Premio VI Salón Nacional de Pintura y Escultura, Salones del Capitolio Nacional, Havana, by the Cuban government (1953) and the Silver Medal XXXVII, Salón de Bellas Artes, Círculo de Bellas Artes, Havana (1955). In 1976, he was awarded with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in France and the Fujisankey Biennal Prize at the Hakone Open-Air Museum, Fujisankey, Japan. Also in 1995 he received Premio Nacional de Artes Plásticas by the Cuban Ministry of Culture.
His works can be found in many permanent collections around the world, including the Centre National des Arts du Cirque, Fonds National d’Art Contemporain and Musée de la Sculpture en Plein Air in Paris; the Musée d’Art et d’Industrie at Saint-Étienne, France; the Hakone Open-Air Museum, Hakone, Japan; the Musée d’Art Contemporain, Argel, Algeria; Museo de Bellas Artes in Caracas, Venezuela, Kendall Art Center, Miami, Florida, and in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana in Havana, Cuba.
# The Chess Monthly (American magazine)

The Chess Monthly was a short-lived monthly chess magazine produced from January 1857 and May 1861 in the United States. Edited by professional diplomat and linguistics professor Daniel Willard Fiske, it was co-edited for a time by Paul Morphy. The magazine was based in New York City.
Eugene B. Cook (1830–1915) and Sam Loyd edited the chess problems section. Running for only five volumes, the magazine is perhaps best remembered today for a series of articles written by Silas Mitchell regarding The Turk, the chess-playing machine that perished in a fire in Philadelphia prior to the publication of the magazine.
# Henry Gluckman

Henry Gluckman (1893-1987) was a South African politician. He served as Minister of Health from 1945 until 1948. He was the country's first Jewish cabinet minister. He was first elected to Parliament in 1938, representing the United Party. A member of the party’s liberal wing, Gluckman was a proponent of racial equality and generous social spending. Between 1942 and 1944, he chaired the National Health Services (NHS) Commission. He proposed the free provision of medical care to all South Africans. The NHS would be financed by a health tax. Although his proposal wasn’t ultimately adopted by government, it has influenced healthcare policy in the country. He criticized his successor A.J. Stals, who he believed, had mismanaged the Directorate of housing, causing a shortage of sufficient shelter.
# 1-800-GOT-JUNK?

RBDS Rubbish Boys Disposal Service Inc. (doing business as 1-800-GOT-JUNK?) is a Canadian franchised residential and commercial junk removal company operating in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The company's business model consists of taking junk or trash haulage, and giving it a "clean" image through branding and marketing.49°15′58.50″N 123°05′03.66″W﻿ / ﻿49.2662500°N 123.0843500°W﻿ / 49.2662500; -123.0843500

## History

The company started in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1989 by Brian Scudamore. He had the idea while he was in a McDonald's drive thru and saw a beat up old truck offering junk removal services in front of him, and he thought to himself, "I can do better than that". It was incorporated as The Rubbish Boys Disposal Service, then in 1998 with its current name. The first permanent franchise opened in 1997 in Victoria, British Columbia, and a second in Toronto in 1998. In 2000, the first franchise opened outside Canada, in Portland, Oregon.
The chief operating officer is Erik Church.

## Operations

1-800-GOT-JUNK? performs bi-annual audits of their environmental practices. The company claims to keep 63.5% of collected items out of the landfill by recycling and by donating to community and charity organizations. Franchisees have access to a report to track their landfill diversion.
1-800-GOT-JUNK? evaluates its level of customer service using the Net Promoter Score system. 1-800-GOT-JUNK? released a consumer-based mobile booking site in 2012 and a mobile app in 2013 for franchisees and their employees to manage operations.

## In the media

Entrepreneur magazine named the company 425th of 500 franchises in 2013. Achievers rated the company Canada's "most engaged workplace" in 2013 and recognised it in 2012.
The company is a sponsor of and participates in episodes of the A&E series Hoarders.
The founder and CEO is Brian Scudamore.
# Twilight (Yūgure Dayori)

"Twilight (Yūgure Dayori)" (トワイライト -夕暮れ便り-, Towairaito -Yūgure Dayori-, lit. "Twilight (Twilight News)") is the fifth single by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. Written by Etsuko Kisugi and Takao Kisugi, the single was released on June 1, 1983, by Warner Pioneer through the Reprise label. It was also the second single from her first greatest hits album Best Akina Memoires.
The single peaked at No. 2 on Oricon's weekly singles chart and sold over 429,600 copies.

## Track listing

All music is arranged by Mitsuo Hagita.

## Charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| Japan (Oricon) | 2 |

## Cover versions

* Gyubin covered the song in Nakamori's 2025 tribute album "Nakamori Akina Tribute Album: Meikyo".

## Release history

| Year | Format(s) | Serial number | Label(s) |
| 1983 | 7inch LP | L-1661 | Warner Pioneer |
| 1988 | 8cm CD, CT | 10SL-134, 10L5-4044 | Warner Pioneer |
| 1998 | 12cm CD | WPC6-8662 | Warner Pioneer |
| 2008 | Digital download | - | Warner Pioneer |
| 2014 | Digital download - remaster | - | Warner Pioneer |
# Kam Tin River

The Kam Tin River (Chinese: 錦田河), located in the northwest New Territories, is a river to the east to Yuen Long, near Kam Tin, Hong Kong. The river basin spans around 44.3 km$^2$. The length of the river is about 13 km. Originating at an altitude of 910 metres near Tai Mo Shan, it has the second highest origin of a Hong Kong river.
# KFGD-LP

KFGD-LP is a low power radio station broadcasting out of Fresno, California.

## History

KFGD-LP began broadcasting on December 14, 2015.