OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Giovanni Tria

Giovanni Tria (born 28 September 1948) is an Italian economist and university professor who served as the Italian Minister of Economy and Finance in the Conte I Cabinet. He was Adviser of the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) from 9 March 2021 in the Draghi Cabinet.

## Early life and career

Giovanni Tria was born in Rome in 1948. He graduated in Law from the Sapienza University of Rome, where he then became Professor of Economics, Macroeconomics and the History of Economic Thought. During the same period he also taught at the University of Perugia. He is currently Professor of Political Economics at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, where he has been Dean in the Faculty of Economics since 2017.
Over the years he has served as a senior advisor in various ministries (Economics and Finance, Foreign Affairs, Public Administration, Labor). From 2002 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2012 he served as member of the board of directors of the International Labour Organization (ILO). From 1 January 2010 to 15 March 2016, he was President of the National School of Administration.
He collaborates with the newspaper Il Foglio and he is part of the scientific committee of the Magna Carta Foundation, a think tank whose orientation is inspired by the conservative liberalism of the Anglo-Saxon tradition.

## Political career
### Minister of Finance

On 31 May 2018, Tria was selected as Minister of Economy and Finances in the government of Giuseppe Conte. At the time, he was drafted into the government as a last-minute replacement for Paolo Savona, who was vetoed by President Sergio Mattarella because of his criticism of the euro currency.
Early in his term, Tria committed to holding the national budget deficit below 2 percent of gross domestic product but eventually came under pressure from the coalition to set a target of 2.4 percent.

### Ministerial adviser

On 8 March 2021 Giancarlo Giorgetti appointed Tria as his Adviser. Tria was sworn in on March 9, 2021.

## Other activities
### European Union organizations

* European Investment Bank (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2018–2020)
* European Stability Mechanism (ESM), Member of the Board of Governors (2018–2020)

### International organizations

* African Development Bank (AfDB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2018–2020)
* Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2018–2020)
* European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2018)
* International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2018–20)
* Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2018–2020)
# Julsundet

Julsundet is a 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) long strait connecting the Norwegian Sea to the Romsdalsfjorden. The strait is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the town of Molde in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The strait runs through Aukra Municipality, Hustadvika Municipality, and Molde Municipality. The strait flows north–south from the village of Bud (in Hustadvika Municipality) to Julneset (in Molde Municipality). It flows between the Romsdal Peninsula (on the east side) and the islands of Otrøya and Gossa (on the west side). The Frænfjorden empties into the Julsundet strait at the small island of Vågøya.
The strait is up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) deep and it is 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 mi) wide. It has a significant tidal current and is exposed to strong northerly winds. Julsundet was heavily fortified by the Germans during World War II.
The mainland part of Aukra Municipality is also often referred to as Julsundet.
# Märt Sults

Märt Sults (born 24 March 1961 in Valga) is an Estonian politician. He has been member of XIII Riigikogu.
In 1984 he graduated from University of Tartu in inorganic chemistry/teacher, and in 1989 in school psychology.
From 1995 to 2015 he was the director of Tallinn Art Gymnasium and is the current director of the Tartu Art School.
Since 2003 he is a member of Estonian Centre Party.
# Democrat Building

Democrat Building is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District. The historic newspaper building is now an apartment building known as The Democrat Lofts.

## History

The Democrat Building was designed by a prominent Davenport architecture firm of Clausen & Kruse, and it was built in 1923. The firm also designed other historic buildings in Davenport including the Forrest Block, which is next door to the south, the Hibernia Hall, which is next door to the north, the Scott County Savings Bank, Davenport Municipal Stadium (now Modern Woodmen Park), The Linograph Company Building, and the W.D. Petersen Memorial Music Pavilion in LeClaire Park.
The building was built for a local newspaper the Davenport Democrat, which was started in 1848 as the Democratic Banner. Its editorial philosophy was in keeping with that of the political party of the same name. Over the years the paper purchased the Gazette (1887) and the Evening Leader (1902).
The paper was eventually bought by Lee Enterprises, which published the Daily Times. The merged newspapers became the Times-Democrat and is now known as the Quad-City Times. The building was sold to The Catholic Messenger, the newspaper for the Diocese of Davenport, in 1956. The building served as their headquarters for a couple of decades. The building also housed a dog training school, a vacuum cleaner salesroom, a dance hall and a specialty store. In 2014, a $6 million renovation turned the building into 21 apartments.
The building is considered significant because of its association with newspapers in Davenport, and as an example of the local influence of Louis Sullivan, whose work figures prominently in the history of American architecture.

## Architecture

The two-storied, freestanding, brick structure with concrete block facing was designed by Davenport architect Rudolph J. Clausen. A historical survey in 1983 indicated that the building utilizes steel in its construction. It was completed for about $300,000. The words “The Democrat” are etched across the top of the building. It bears the stylistic influence of Louis Sullivan's “jewel box” structures that are associated with the work he did late in his career in the Midwest. These influences are seen in the blocking of windows at the center of the highly geometric façade. The ornamentation of the horizontal band between stories, over the entrances, and along the parapet wall all feature the stylized motifs that are commonly found in his work.
# Carolyn Mase

Carolyn Campbell Mase (1880, Matteawan, New York – 1949) was an American painter, best known for her Impressionist landscapes.

## Life

She studied painting with John Henry Twachtman. She had developed into a well established artist by 1912.
She was raised in Beacon, New York, where the fire station is named after her father, Willard H. Mase. After finishing school in Beacon, Ms. Mase and her friend and contemporary, Alice Judson, traveled to France to study painting where they were influenced by the Impressionists of the day: Renoir, Manet and Monet. "Ms. Mase's style lent itself well to the subject matter of the Hudson River and its Highlands... radically changing the images from the precise Hudson River School technique to the softer impressionism then gaining influence abroad."

### Armory Show of 1913

Mase was one of the artists who exhibited at the Armory Show of 1913, which included one of her pastels entitled September Haze. The piece was priced at $100, the equivalent of $3,038.79 in 2024.

## Reception

On May 1, 1929, Vassar Quarterly labeled her art as "delicate color and impressionistic technique".
# Pan-Européenne

Pan-Européenne is a French film production and publishing company. Originally only a distribution company, in 1992 it began also a production company, producing Beau fixe. It has produced various films, including Jaco Van Dormael's The Eighth Day (1996) and Mr. Nobody (2009), Jérôme Salle's Largo Winch (2008), and distributed Bryan Singer's The Usual Suspects (1995), Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez's Sin City (2005).

## History

Pan-Européenne was created in the late 1980s by Philippe Godeau. By distributing films such as Jaco Van Dormael's Toto the Hero (1991), Cyril Collard's Savage Nights (1992), and Jacques Audiard's See How They Fall (1994), Pan-Européenne began its activity of production company. The film studio Polygram entrusted to the company the distribution of their films in France. In 1999 it ended the partnership following the acquisition of Polygram by Universal. The restructuring of the group divides into two branches the company: Pan-Européenne Edition, an independent distribution created in 2001, and Pan-Européenne Production.
In 2004, Wild Bunch chose Pan-Européenne Edition for the distribution in French market. After the association of Pan-Européenne and Wild Bunch in distributing films in France, Pan-Européenne Edition took the name of Wild Bunch Distribution in 2006. Since then, Pan-Européenne Production became Pan-Européenne and the company began a series of international projects such as Largo Winch (2008), filmed in Malta, Sicily and Hong Kong, and Mr. Nobody (2009), a co-production of Belgium, Canada, France and Germany.
In April 2022, Pan-Européenne announced that they're re-entering the distribution business by creating their new distribution arm named Pan Distribution.
In September 2023, it was announced that European production and distribution group Vuelta Group had acquired a stake in Pan-Européenne along with their divisions.

## Selected films

Among the films directly produced by Pan-Européenne were:
* Beau fixe (1992)
* The Eighth Day (1996)
* Bad Company (1999)
* Baise-moi (2000)
* Lightweight (2004)
* Les Sœurs fâchées (2004)
* How Much Do You Love Me? (2005)
* The Man of My Life (2006)
* Détrompez-vous (2007)
* Largo Winch (2008)
* Mr. Nobody (2009)
* One for the Road (2009)
* Romantics Anonymous (2010)
* 11.6 (2013)
* The Odyssey (2016)
* Garde alternée (2017)
# Jannie Lasimbang

Jannie Lasimbang (born 29 November 1962) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Chairperson of the Rural Development Corporation (KPD) of Sabah since February 2023 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kapayan since May 2018. She served as the State Assistant Minister of Law and Native Affairs of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and former Minister Aidi Moktar from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020. She is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. She has also served as the International Secretary of DAP from March 2022 until March 2025 and State Vice Chairperson of DAP of Sabah since October 2024. She is also the sister of Jennifer Lasimbang, former State Assistant Minister of Education and Innovation of Sabah and former Moyog MLA.

## Election results

Sabah State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2018 | N20 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 19,558 | 71.95% | Goh Fah Sun (MCA) | 6,308 | 23.20% | 27,557 | 13,250 | 81.80% |
| 2018 | N20 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 19,558 | 71.95% | Chong Pit Fah (STAR) | 1,318 | 4.85% | 27,557 | 13,250 | 81.80% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Lu Yen Tung (MCA) | 1,889 | 9.71% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Stephen Jacob Jimbangan (GAGASAN) | 892 | 4.59% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Edwin Bosi (PBS) | 803 | 4.13% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Yong Wui Chung (LDP) | 428 | 2.20% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Chua Juan Shiuh (PCS) | 325 | 1.67% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |
| 2020 | N25 Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang (DAP) | 15,052 | 77.40% | Chew Shung Seng (IND) | 58 | 0.30% | 19,447 | 13,163 | 64.75% |

## Honours

* Sabah :
** Companion of the Order of Kinabalu (ASDK) (2018)
# Nancy Metz White

Nancy Metz White (1934–2018) was a Wisconsin artist with large-scale outdoor public sculptures installed in two parks in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. White welded and sometimes brightly painted steel and forge flashings reclaimed from Milwaukee heavy industry. She described herself as a practitioner of urban archeology.

## Sculptures

Tree of Life, which is 2½ stories high, was erected in Mitchell Boulevard Park in 2002. Magic Grove, a grouping of three tree forms, was installed in Enderis Playfield in 2006. Conceived as a community gathering place, Magic Grove includes benches designed by the artist and a commemorative brick walkway. In both Tree of Life and Magic Grove, bird forms perch amid the tree branches, adding a fanciful touch.
A smaller welded outdoor sculpture, Helping Hands, whimsically constructed from hand die forms recycled from a glove factory, is on permanent display at the Mead Public Library in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
In 2011, Fantasy Garden, a grouping of five larger than life painted steel flowers also made from forge flashings, was installed on the plaza of the retirement community, Saint John’s On The Lake, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
White also made a series of sculptures out of galvanized and stainless steel furnace pipe and flexible air-conditioning ducting.

## Biography

Born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1934, White graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor's degree in art education and also did graduate study there. She served as creative arts coordinator at Urban Day School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She began to weld at the age of 45. White was also a printmaker and pastel artist. Her sense of color remained intact even in the face of dementia. She was married to Joseph Charles White who died in 2009. Their twin daughters are Michele and Jacqueline. Her papers are housed at the Milwaukee County Historical Society. She died December 10, 2018.
# Kavak (company)

Kavak is a Mexican company that operates an online marketplace for used cars. With a valuation of $8.7 billion, Kavak was the second most valuable unicorn in Latin America as of September 2021. Kavak is based in Mexico City.

## History

Kavak was founded in Mexico in 2016. In August 2020, Kavak launched in Argentina. By October 2020, Kavak became the first unicorn in Mexico when its valuation exceeded one billion US dollars. In January 2021, the company raised $485 million in a financing round, increasing its valuation to $4 billion. In May 2021, Kavak launched its financing arm, Kavak Capital. In July 2021, the company announced its expansion into Brazil. US$500 million will be invested for this purpose. This will be the second foreign market the company enters. In September 2021, the company raised $700 million in another financing round, doubling its valuation to more than $8 billion. Investors included Sea, SoftBank, Peter Thiel's Founders Fund, Tiger Global and others.
# Whitney Halstead

Whitney Halstead (1926 - 1979) was an American art historian, and artist.
He graduated from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago with a B.F.A and M.F.A. He taught art history at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. His papers are held at the Archives of American Art.
Halstead was the primary supporter of the work of Joseph Yoakum and has been noted as an influential teacher by many of the Chicago Imagists and painters Barbara Grad, Paul Lamantia and David Sharpe.
# Md Saleh Uddin

Md Saleh Uddin (born June 30, 1952) is a retired professor from the Department of Economics at University of Chittagong and former Vice-Chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. He has served as the vice-chancellor of Metropolitan University, Sylhet.

## Early Life

Uddin was born on 30 June 1952, in the historic village of Moshajan Dighi, Laskarpur Union, Habiganj District, Bangladesh. He obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Department of Economics at University of Chittagong. He later earned another master's degree from Thammasat University, and a PhD from the University of Malaya.

## Career

During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Uddin was tortured by Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury. He testified against Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury at his trial at the International Crimes Tribunal-1.
Uddin had a long teaching career at the Department of Economics at University of Chittagong. He was the head of the department of economics at United International University. In February 2009, he was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, replacing Dr M Aminul Islam, who had been fired. He served as the Vice-Chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology till 2013.
Uddin became the Vice-Chancellor of Metropolitan University, Sylhet, serving two consecutive terms from 2014 to 2022.
# North Kawartha

North Kawartha is a township in northern Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada.
North Kawartha was formed in 1998 through an amalgamation of the Townships of Burleigh and Anstruther and the Township of Chandos. For a while after this merger, it was known as Burleigh-Anstruther-Chandos.

## Communities

Within the township are smaller urbanized areas such as the village of Apsley, and the hamlets of Big Cedar, Burleigh Falls, Glen Alda, Mount Julian, Stoneyridge and Woodview. These communities are surrounded by freshwater lakes including Chandos, Jack, Anstruther, Eels, and many more.

## Etymology

* Anstruther was likely named for Sir Windham Carmichael-Anstruther, 8th Baronet.$^{:13}$
* Apsley was probably named for Apsley House, London residence of the Dukes of Wellington.$^{:14}$
* Burleigh was likely named for Burleigh Hall in Leicestershire.$^{:48}$
* Chandos was named in 1862 for Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos$^{:64}$
* Kawartha comes from an aboriginal word Ka-wa-tha, meaning "land of reflections". For more on this etymology, see Kawartha Lakes.$^{:176}$

## Government

The local government is the Corporation of the Township of North Kawartha. The current mayor is Carolyn Amyotte.

## Schools

Apsley Central Public School, is the only school located in Apsley and provides education from kindergarten to grade 8. The school is under the jurisdiction of the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board. Secondary education requires travel outside to Peterborough.

## Recreation

North Kawartha is home to the North Kawartha Knights, a junior hockey team playing in the Jr. C Central League of the Ontario Hockey Association. They started play in 2014. The home arena for the Knights is the North Kawartha Community Centre located in Apsley.
North Kawartha also has several golf courses, including Marvel Rapids golf course and Owenbrook golf course.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, North Kawartha had a population of 2,877 living in 1,364 of its 3,693 total private dwellings, a change of 16.1% from its 2016 population of 2,479. With a land area of 746.35 km$^2$ (288.17 sq mi), it had a population density of 3.9/km$^2$ (10.0/sq mi) in 2021.
# 1957 All-Southern Conference football team

The 1957 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1957 college football season.

## All-Southern Conference selections
### Backs

* Bobby Jordan, VMI (AP-1)
* Mike Sommer, George Washington (AP-1)
* Sam Woolwine, VMI (AP-1)
* Bobby Schwarze, The Citadel (AP-1)
* Larry Krutko, West Virginia (AP-2)
* Duke Johnston, VMI (AP-2)
* Billy Baker, Furman (AP-2)
* Ralph Anastasio, West Virginia (AP-2)

### Ends

* Paul Maguire, The Citadel (AP-1)
* Larry Peccatiello, William & Mary (AP-1)
* Carroll Dale, Virginia Tech (AP-2)
* Terry Fairbanks, West Virginia (AP-2)

### Tackles

* Jim McFalls, VMI (AP-1)
* Elliott Schaubach, William & Mary (AP-1)
* Ed Rutsch, George Washington (AP-2)
* Jim Burks, Virginia Tech (AP-2)

### Guards

* Chuck Howley, West Virginia (AP-1)
* Lou Farmer, VMI (AP-1)
* Joe Nicely, West Virginia (AP-2)
* Pat Lamberti, Richmond (AP-2)

### Centers

* Bill Rush, William & Mary (AP-1)
* Bill Price, Davidson (AP-2)

## Key

AP = Associated Press
# Laufa

In Mandaeism, laufa or laupa (Classical Mandaic: ࡋࡀࡅࡐࡀ) is the concept of a spiritual connection forged between Tibil (Earth) and the World of Light. It has been variously translated as "communion," "spiritual union," "spiritual connection," or "vital connection."

## In rituals

Laufa between the World of Light and Tibil can be established through rituals mediated by Mandaean priests, who serve as "uthras (i.e., beings from the World of Light) on earth" during these rituals. These rituals include masbuta (baptism) and masiqta rituals. Mandaeans believe that laufa was initially established when the material world was first created. Mandaeans regularly re-establish and reconfirm this connection by regularly performing rituals with priestly assistance. Laufa can also be reconstituted through written records of unbroken ancestral lineages, such as the Ṭabahatan ("Our Ancestors") commemoration prayer in the Qulasta with its long list of ancestors' names.
According to Mandaean priest Brikha Nasoraia (2021):$^{:108–109}$
   ... the ritual life of the Naṣoraeans is to keep relations between the earth and the heaven always open, linked by the flow of cosmic into terrestrial running waters. This is why Baptism is the central Mandaean ritual. Mandaean Gnosis is thoroughly integrated into ritual, and the wider body of 'believers' can thus participate in (or just 'feel into') a collective experience of cosmic connection.
# Sai Lau Kong

Sai Lau Kong (Chinese: 西流江) is a village in the Sha Tau Kok area of North District of Hong Kong.

## Features

The Sai Lau Kong Fish Culture Zone (西流江魚類養殖區), one of the 26 designated marine fish culture zones in Hong Kong, is located in Ngau Shi Wu Wan (牛屎湖灣), a bay west of Sai Lau Kong and northeast of Ngau Shi Wu.