# Franklin County, Ohio

Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,323,807, making it the most populous county in Ohio. Most of its land area is taken up by its county seat, Columbus, the state capital and most populous city in Ohio. The county was established on April 30, 1803, less than two months after Ohio became a state, and was named after Benjamin Franklin. Originally, Franklin County extended north to Lake Erie before it was subdivided into smaller counties. Franklin County is the central county of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Franklin County, particularly Columbus, has been a centerpiece for presidential and congressional politics, most notably the 2000 presidential election, the 2004 presidential election, and the 2006 midterm elections. Franklin County is home to one of the largest universities in the United States, Ohio State University, which has about 60,000 students on its main Columbus campus.
It shares a name with Franklin County in Kentucky, where Frankfort is located. This makes it one of two pairs of capital cities in counties of the same name, along with Marion Counties in Indiana and Oregon.

## History

On March 30, 1803, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Franklin County. The county originally was part of Ross County. Residents named the county in honor of Benjamin Franklin. In 1816, Franklin County's Columbus became Ohio's state capital. Surveyors laid out the city in 1812, and officials incorporated it in 1816. Columbus was not Ohio's original capital, but the state legislature chose to move the state government there after its location for a short time at Chillicothe and at Zanesville. Columbus was chosen as the site for the new capital because of its central location within the state and access by way of major transportation routes (primarily rivers) at that time. The legislature chose it as Ohio's capital over a number of other competitors, including Franklinton, Dublin, Worthington, and Delaware.
On May 5, 1802, a group of prospective settlers founded the Scioto Company at the home of Rev. Eber B. Clark in Granby, Connecticut, for the purpose of forming a settlement between the Muskingum River and Great Miami River in the Ohio Country. James Kilbourne was elected president and Josiah Topping secretary. On August 30, 1802, James Kilbourne and Nathaniel Little arrived at Colonel Thomas Worthington's home in Chillicothe. They tentatively reserved land along the Scioto River on the Pickaway Plains for their new settlement.
On October 5, 1802, the Scioto Company met again in Granby and decided not to purchase the lands along the Scioto River on the Pickaway Plains, but rather to buy land 30 miles (48 km) farther north from Jonas Stanbery and his partner, an American Revolutionary War general, Jonathan Dayton. Sixteen thousand acres (65 km$^2$; 6,500 ha) were purchased along the Whetstone River (now known as the Olentangy River) at $1.50 per acre. This land was part of the United States Military District surveyed by Israel Ludlow in 1797 and divided into townships 5 miles (8.0 km) square.
Before the state legislature's decision in 1812, Columbus did not exist. The city was originally designed as the state's new capital, preparing itself for its role in Ohio's political, economic, and social life. In the years between the first ground-breaking and the actual movement of the capital in 1816, Columbus and Franklin County grew significantly. By 1813, workers had built a penitentiary, and by the following year, residents had established the first church, school, and newspaper in Columbus. Workers completed the Ohio Statehouse in 1861. Columbus and Franklin County grew quickly in population, with the city having 700 people by 1815. Columbus officially became the county seat in 1824. By 1834, the population of Columbus was 4,000 people, officially elevating it to "city" status.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 544 square miles (1,410 km$^2$), of which 532 square miles (1,380 km$^2$) is land and 11 square miles (28 km$^2$) (2.1%) is water. The county is located in the Till Plains and the Appalachian Plateau land regions.
The county is drained by the Olentangy River and the Scioto River. Major creeks in the county include Big Darby Creek, Big Walnut Creek, and Alum Creek. There are two large reservoirs in the county, Hoover Reservoir and Griggs Reservoir.

### Adjacent counties

* Delaware County (north)
* Fairfield County (southeast)
* Licking County (east)
* Madison County (west)
* Pickaway County (south)
* Union County (northwest)

### Major highways

* I-70
* I-71
* I-73 (future)
* I-270
* I-670
* US 23
* US 33
* US 40
* US 62
* SR 3
* SR 16
* SR 104
* SR 161
* SR 257
* SR 315
* SR 317
* SR 605
* SR 665
* SR 745

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Franklin County Racial Composition :
| Race | Number | Percent |
| White (NH) | 787,615 | 59.5% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 296,076 | 22.4% |
| Native American (NH) | 2,160 | 0.2% |
| Asian (NH) | 73,714 | 5.6% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 444 | 0.0% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 7,212 | 0.5% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 65,404 | 4.9% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 91,182 | 6.9% |
| Total | 1,323,807 | 100.0% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 1,280,122 people, 540,369 households, and 309,654 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,486.4 inhabitants per square mile (960.0/km$^2$). There were 580,903 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 60.6% White, 22.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from some other races and 7.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.9% of the population. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.5% were under 5 years of age, and 13.2% were 65 and older.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 1,163,414 people, 477,235 households, and 278,030 families living in the county. The population density was 2,186.1 inhabitants per square mile (844.1/km$^2$). There were 527,186 housing units at an average density of 990.6 per square mile (382.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 69.2% white, 21.2% black or African American, 3.9% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 2.3% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.2% were German, 14.4% were Irish, 9.1% were English, 5.5% were Italian, and 5.0% were American.
Of the 477,235 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 41.7% were non-families, and 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 33.4 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $49,087 and the median income for a family was $62,372. Males had a median income of $45,920 versus $37,685 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,909. About 12.1% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy
### Top Employers

According to the County's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the county are:
| # | Employer | Type of Business | # of Employees | Percentage |
| 1 | Ohio State University | Higher Education | 33,653 | 4.90% |
| 2 | State of Ohio | Government | 22,736 | 3.31% |
| 3 | JP Morgan Chase & Company | Finance | 16,896 | 2.46% |
| 4 | Kroger Company | Retail | 11,529 | 1.68% |
| 5 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Health Care | 11,302 | 1.65% |
| 6 | Nationwide | Insurance | 11,000 | 1.60% |
| 7 | Amazon | Retail | 9,262 | 1.35% |
| 8 | City of Columbus | Government | 8,656 | 1.26% |
| 9 | Mount Carmel Health System | Health Care | 7,887 | 1.15% |
| 10 | Honda | Manufacturer | 5,800 | 0.85% |
| — | Total employers | — | 138,721 | 20.21% |

## Politics

For most of the 20th century, Franklin County shared the heavy Republican bent of the rest of central Ohio, and was one of the more conservative urban counties in the nation. From 1896 to 1992, it went Republican all but five times, the last three of which were national Democratic landslides that saw the Democratic candidate win over 400 electoral votes. However, it has gone Democratic in every election since 1996, reflecting the Democratic trend in most other urban counties nationwide. Columbus and most of its northern and western suburbs lean Democratic, while the more blue-collar southern section of the county leans Republican. From 1996 to 2004, Democratic nominees carried the county by single digit margins, but it swung significantly in favor of Barack Obama in 2008. The county swung towards Democrats in every subsequent presidential election until 2024, when Democratic nominee Kamala Harris won the county with 63.0 percent of the vote and a 28.1 percent margin of victory.
In Congress, it is split between two districts. Most of Columbus itself is in the 3rd district, represented by Democrat Joyce Beatty. The southwestern portion is in 15th district, represented by Republican Mike Carey.
United States presidential election results for Franklin County, Ohio :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 210,830 | 34.89% | 380,518 | 62.98% | 12,836 | 2.12% |
| 2020 | 211,237 | 33.40% | 409,144 | 64.68% | 12,151 | 1.92% |
| 2016 | 199,331 | 33.93% | 351,198 | 59.78% | 36,995 | 6.30% |
| 2012 | 215,997 | 37.75% | 346,373 | 60.53% | 9,818 | 1.72% |
| 2008 | 218,486 | 38.89% | 334,709 | 59.58% | 8,568 | 1.53% |
| 2004 | 237,253 | 45.12% | 285,801 | 54.35% | 2,773 | 0.53% |
| 2000 | 197,862 | 47.78% | 202,018 | 48.79% | 14,194 | 3.43% |
| 1996 | 178,412 | 44.55% | 192,795 | 48.14% | 29,308 | 7.32% |
| 1992 | 186,324 | 41.89% | 176,656 | 39.72% | 81,821 | 18.39% |
| 1988 | 226,265 | 59.96% | 147,585 | 39.11% | 3,507 | 0.93% |
| 1984 | 250,360 | 64.12% | 131,530 | 33.68% | 8,584 | 2.20% |
| 1980 | 200,948 | 53.87% | 143,932 | 38.58% | 28,165 | 7.55% |
| 1976 | 189,645 | 55.66% | 141,624 | 41.57% | 9,443 | 2.77% |
| 1972 | 219,771 | 63.74% | 117,562 | 34.09% | 7,475 | 2.17% |
| 1968 | 148,933 | 51.78% | 101,240 | 35.20% | 37,451 | 13.02% |
| 1964 | 131,345 | 45.95% | 154,527 | 54.05% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 161,178 | 59.37% | 110,283 | 40.63% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 151,544 | 65.78% | 78,852 | 34.22% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 138,894 | 60.25% | 91,620 | 39.75% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 98,707 | 53.36% | 84,806 | 45.84% | 1,486 | 0.80% |
| 1944 | 99,292 | 52.62% | 89,394 | 47.38% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 92,533 | 48.92% | 96,601 | 51.08% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 63,830 | 40.39% | 90,746 | 57.42% | 3,471 | 2.20% |
| 1932 | 67,957 | 52.21% | 58,539 | 44.97% | 3,664 | 2.81% |
| 1928 | 92,019 | 65.86% | 47,084 | 33.70% | 609 | 0.44% |
| 1924 | 61,891 | 57.68% | 26,505 | 24.70% | 18,899 | 17.61% |
| 1920 | 59,691 | 54.23% | 48,452 | 44.02% | 1,921 | 1.75% |
| 1916 | 24,107 | 40.36% | 34,103 | 57.10% | 1,517 | 2.54% |
| 1912 | 12,791 | 25.22% | 20,697 | 40.81% | 17,227 | 33.97% |
| 1908 | 28,914 | 53.45% | 23,314 | 43.10% | 1,869 | 3.45% |
| 1904 | 27,439 | 61.49% | 15,502 | 34.74% | 1,681 | 3.77% |
| 1900 | 22,237 | 52.16% | 19,809 | 46.46% | 590 | 1.38% |
| 1896 | 20,291 | 51.96% | 18,320 | 46.91% | 442 | 1.13% |
| 1892 | 14,341 | 46.51% | 15,495 | 50.25% | 999 | 3.24% |
| 1888 | 13,453 | 47.59% | 14,126 | 49.97% | 692 | 2.45% |
| 1884 | 11,194 | 47.68% | 11,842 | 50.44% | 441 | 1.88% |
| 1880 | 9,438 | 48.30% | 9,863 | 50.47% | 240 | 1.23% |
| 1876 | 7,557 | 44.36% | 9,383 | 55.07% | 97 | 0.57% |
| 1872 | 5,796 | 43.92% | 7,345 | 55.66% | 56 | 0.42% |
| 1868 | 5,079 | 41.64% | 7,119 | 58.36% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 4,819 | 45.73% | 5,719 | 54.27% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 4,295 | 45.99% | 4,846 | 51.90% | 197 | 2.11% |
| 1856 | 3,488 | 44.42% | 3,791 | 48.27% | 574 | 7.31% |

## Government
### Franklin County Officials

| Office | Officeholder | Party |
| Franklin County Commissioner | Erica Crawley | Democratic |
| Franklin County Commissioner | Kevin Boyce | Democratic |
| Franklin County Commissioner | John O'Grady | Democratic |
| Auditor | Michael Stinziano | Democratic |
| Clerk of Courts | Maryellen O'Shaughnessy | Democratic |
| Coroner | Nate Overmire | Democratic |
| Engineer | Adam Fowler | Republican |
| Prosecutor | Shayla Favor | Democratic |
| Recorder | Danny O'Connor | Democratic |
| Sheriff | Dallas Baldwin | Democratic |
| Treasurer | Cheryl Brooks Sullivann | Democratic |

### Ohio House of Representatives

| District | Representative | Party |
| 1 | Dontavius Jarrells | Democratic |
| 2 | Latyna Humphrey | Democratic |
| 3 | Ismail Mohamed | Democratic |
| 4 | Beryl Brown Piccolantonio | Democratic |
| 5 | Meredith Lawson-Rowe | Democratic |
| 6 | Christine Cockley | Democratic |
| 7 | Allison Russo | Democratic |
| 8 | Anita Somani | Democratic |
| 9 | Munira Abdullahi | Democratic |
| 10 | Mark Sigrist | Democratic |
| 11 | Crystal Lett | Democratic |
| 12 | Brian Stewart | Republican |

### Ohio State Senate

| District | Senator | Party |
| 3 | Michele Reynolds | Republican |
| 15 | Hearcel Craig | Democratic |
| 16 | Beth Liston | Democratic |
| 25 | Bill DeMora | Democratic |

### United States House of Representatives

| District | Representative | Party |
| 03 | Joyce Beatty | Democratic |
| 15 | Mike Carey | Republican |

### United States Senate

| Senator | Party |
| Bernie Moreno | Republican |
| Jon Husted | Republican |

## Communities

Franklin County is currently made up of 16 cities, 10 villages, and 18 townships.

### Cities

* Bexley
* Canal Winchester
* Columbus (state capital) (county seat)
* Dublin
* Gahanna
* Grandview Heights
* Grove City
* Groveport
* Hilliard
* New Albany
* Obetz
* Pickerington
* Reynoldsburg
* Upper Arlington
* Westerville
* Whitehall
* Worthington

### Villages

* Brice
* Harrisburg
* Lithopolis
* Lockbourne
* Marble Cliff
* Minerva Park
* Riverlea
* Urbancrest
* Valleyview

### Townships

* Blendon
* Brown
* Clinton
* Franklin
* Hamilton
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Madison
* Mifflin
* Norwich
* Perry
* Plain
* Pleasant
* Prairie
* Sharon
* Truro
* Washington
* Montgomery ("paper" township coextensive with the city of Columbus)
* Valleyview ("paper" township coextensive with the village of Valleyview)

### Defunct Townships

* Marion (completely annexed by the city of Columbus)

### Census-designated places

* Blacklick Estates
* Darbydale
* Huber Ridge
* Lake Darby
* Lincoln Village

### Other unincorporated communities

* Amlin
* Blacklick
* Flint
* Galloway
* Georgesville
* New Rome
* Oakland

## Education

School districts include:
City school districts:
* Bexley City School District
* Columbus City School District
* Dublin City School District
* Gahanna-Jefferson City School District
* Grandview Heights City School District
* Hilliard City School District
* Reynoldsburg City School District
* South-Western City School District
* Upper Arlington City School District
* Westerville City School District
* Whitehall City School District
* Worthington City School District
Local school districts:
* Canal Winchester Local School District
* Groveport Madison Local School District
* Hamilton Local School District
* Jonathan Alder Local School District
* Licking Heights Local School District
* Madison-Plains Local School District
* New Albany-Plain Local School District
* Olentangy Local School District
* Pickerington Local School District
* Teays Valley Local School District
State-operated schools include:
* Ohio State School for the Blind
* Ohio School for the Deaf