OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mawuli Gavor

Mawuli Gavor is a Ghanaian accountant turned actor, model, television presenter, entrepreneur, and producer.

## Early life

Gavor was born in Ghana. He studied business and finance at Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA.

## Career

Gavor started in the entertainment industry as a model while in the US as an undergraduate in business management and finance. Upon returning to Ghana. He began his career as an accountant. He however became a brand ambassador to Martini in 2013 and changed his career path. He transitioned into acting in Nollywood movies and is known for the movie Obsession. He has gone on to act in multiple other productions.
In 2018, he produced two films and won the Best of Nollywood award for best kiss in a movie alongside Odera Olivia Orji.

## Personal life

Gavor married his Indian girlfriend, Remya, in 2022.
He is a fitness enthusiast.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | Devil in the Detail | Sam | Alongside Nse Ikpe Etim and Adjetey Anang |
| 2015 | A Place Called Happy | Kwame | Directed by Dolapo Adeleke |
| 2017 | Obsession | Kamar | Directed by Uduak-Obong Patrick |
| 2017 | Entangled | | Alongside Ini Dima Okojie, Sika Osei and Efa Iwara |
| 2018 | Chief Daddy | Damilare Kofi Mensah | Directed by Niyi Akinmolayan |
| 2018 | The Eve | | Alongside Adeolu Adefarasin and Beverly Naya |
| 2018 | Pay day | Orlando | Alongside Baaj Adebule, Ame Aiyejina, Bisola Aiyeola |
| 2019 | Sugar Rush | Dan | Alongside Bimbo Ademoye, Lateef Adedimeji, Bisola Aiyeola |
| 2019 | Two Weeks in Lagos | Ejikeme | Directed by Kathryn Fasegha |
| 2019 | She is | Rowland | Alongside Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama, Imeh Bishop Umoh and Chiwetalu Agu |
| 2020 | Joseph | Kwaku | Also co-produced |
| 2020 | Crossroads | Diamond Merchant | Directed Seyi Siwoku |
| 2020 | Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards | John | Alongside Nancy Isime, Jide kene Achufisi |
| 2021 | Just in time | Kobena | Alongside Sarah Hassan and Stycie Wanjiku |
| 2021 | Ponzi | Robert | Alongside Jide Kosoko, Tope Tedela and Timini Egbuson |
| 2021 | A lady and her lover | Lover | Alongside Simi Drey |
| 2021 | Chief Daddy 2: Going for Broke | Dammy Baggio | Alongside Dakore Akande |
| 2022 | Man of God | Pastor Zach | |
| 2022 | Different Strokes | Kamau | Alongside Monalisa Chinda, Jibola Dabo, Femi Faks |

### TV shows

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2015 | 53 Extra | Presenter | |
| 2016 | Hush | Tes | alongside RMD |
| 2018 | Rumor Has it | Franklin | Web series by Ndani TV |
| 2018 | The Mr. X Family Show | John | Alongside Funlola Aofiyebi |
| 2018 | Royal Castle | | |
| 2019 | Flat 3B | Niyi | |
| 2021 | Mascara | Junior | Adeolu Adefarasin |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| 2018 | Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Kiss in a Movie | Won | |
# Requiem for a Wren

Requiem For A Wren is a novel by Nevil Shute. It was first published in 1955 by William Heinemann Ltd. It was published in the United States under the title The Breaking Wave.

## Plot summary

The late 1940s story concerns two English women, Wrens, and two Australian brothers. It is narrated by one of the brothers, Alan Duncan. His brother Bill, a Royal Marine frogman, has been killed in action, and Alan is now returning to his wealthy parents' prosperous sheep station (ranch) in Australia. Alan has studied as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University and fought as an RAF pilot in World War II, but lost both feet when his plane crashed. He has recently qualified as a barrister in England.
His arrival home is marred by the apparent suicide, a few hours earlier, of a young Englishwoman named Jessie Proctor, who was his parents' housekeeper.
Alan guesses that this troubled woman must have left personal papers hidden somewhere in case she survived her suicide attempt. He searches the house and finds a small suitcase of letters, diaries, and her passport. He is appalled to learn that he knew her: she was, in fact, Janet Prentice, a former Wren and his late brother Bill's sweetheart. Together with another Wren, Viola Dawson, Alan has spent years searching for Janet after Bill's death.
Janet had a "lovely war" in Southern England, until tragic events around D-Day. In quick succession she lost Bill, then her father, and then her beloved dog. Her mother also died, shortly after the war. In addition, she believes herself responsible for the deaths of seven men, possibly allies, who were escaping in a German aeroplane which she had shot down.
Reading through Janet's diaries, Alan learns that she came to Australia to find Bill's family, and that she still feels she must atone for the deaths of the seven men. He realizes that, after Bill's death, he and Janet, though never meeting, came to love each other, and ought to be the master and mistress of the family property; but now, the ghosts of Bill and Janet make it impossible for him to stay. But then he learns, as if from the ghosts, that he should "do the job for them"; and there is a woman in England, Viola, the other former Wren, who he should marry.
# Ministry of Defence (Eritrea)

The Ministry of Defence of Eritrea is an Eritrean government agency responsible for the public finance policies of Eritrea. It is responsible for maintaining the Eritrean Defence Forces. The ministry is located in Asmara.

## Authority

It is responsible for the overseeing of the transfer of national service soldiers to the regular army as well as assign members of the national service.

## Ministers of Defence

| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Political party | Ref. |
| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party | Political party | Ref. |
| 1 | | Petros Solomon (born 1951) | 1993 | 1994 | 0–1 years | | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | |
| 2 | | Mesfin Hagos (born 1947) | 1994 | 1995 | 0–1 years | | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | |
| 3 | | Sebhat Ephrem (born 1951) | 1995 | 2014 | 18–19 years | | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | |
| 4 | | Filipos Woldeyohannes (born 1955) | March 2014 | Incumbent | 11 years | | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | |
# SMAWK algorithm

The SMAWK algorithm is an algorithm for finding the minimum value in each row of an implicitly-defined totally monotone matrix. It is named after the initials of its five inventors, Peter Shor, Shlomo Moran, Alok Aggarwal, Robert Wilber, and Maria Klawe.

## Input

For the purposes of this algorithm, a matrix is defined to be monotone if each row's minimum value occurs in a column which is equal to or greater than the column of the previous row's minimum. It is totally monotone if the same property is true for every submatrix (defined by an arbitrary subset of the rows and columns of the given matrix). Equivalently, a matrix is totally monotone if there does not exist a 2×2 submatrix whose row minima are in the top right and bottom left corners. Every Monge array is totally monotone, but not necessarily vice versa.
For the SMAWK algorithm, the matrix to be searched should be defined as a function, and this function is given as input to the algorithm (together with the dimensions of the matrix). The algorithm then evaluates the function whenever it needs to know the value of a particular matrix cell. If this evaluation takes O(1), then, for a matrix with r rows and c columns, the running time and number of function evaluations are both O(c(1 + log(r/c))). This is much faster than the O(r c) time of a naive algorithm that evaluates all matrix cells.

## Method

The basic idea of the algorithm is to follow a prune and search strategy in which the problem to be solved is reduced to a single recursive subproblem of the same type whose size is smaller by a constant factor. To do so, the algorithm first preprocesses the matrix to remove some of its columns that cannot contain a row-minimum, using a stack-based algorithm similar to the one in the Graham scan and all nearest smaller values algorithms. After this phase of the algorithm, the number of remaining columns will at most equal the number of rows. Next, the algorithm calls itself recursively to find the row minima of the even-numbered rows of the matrix. Finally, by searching the columns between the positions of consecutive even-row minima, the algorithm fills out the remaining minima in the odd rows.

## Applications

The main applications of this method presented in the original paper by Aggarwal et al. were in computational geometry, in finding the farthest point from each point of a convex polygon, and in finding optimal enclosing polygons. Subsequent research found applications of the same algorithm in breaking paragraphs into lines, RNA secondary structure prediction, DNA and protein sequence alignment, the construction of prefix codes, and image thresholding, among others.
# Domingo Chalá

Domingo Chalá Valencia is a Colombian gravedigger and vallenato singer. Chalá was the gravedigger of Bellavista during the Bojayá massacre; in the aftermath he was interviewed several times by Colombian and international media. Radio Nacional de Colombia wrote that Chalá "is synonymous with art and resilience, his vallenatos reverberate nationally and internationally, bringing a message of peace and reconciliation to the whole of Colombian society."$^{:q}$

## Biography

Chalá was born in 1945 or 1946. He was the gravedigger of Bellavista, a town in Bojayá, Colombia, for much of his life.
On 2 May 2002, a large number of FARC fighters arrived in Bellavista, searching for a group of paramilitaries. A gas cylinder bomb fired by the FARC hit a church where people were sheltering, killing 98, including 48 children. Chalá removed the dead from the church; many had to be buried without having been identified. The event became known as the Bojayá massacre, and in the aftermath Chalá was interviewed several times by both the Colombian and international media.
Chalá became interested in vallenato following his military service in 1964. He began writing songs following the Bojayá massacre, with lyrics addressing the experience as well as the decades of war that preceded it. Chalá's debut album Vallenatos del Medio Atrato was released in November 2024. Diego Londoño of El Colombiano called the album "a sonorous vindication of a born singer...He sings to the war and to oblivion."$^{:q}$ Chalá recorded the album with the help of Andrés Felipe Restrepo, an artist and photographer, and distributed the album on USB sticks sold through his Instagram. The album artwork was created by students at the Pontifical Bolivarian University.

## Albums

* Vallenatos del Medio Atrato (2024)
# Cahit Özkan

Cahit Özkan (born 25 December 1976 in Denizli, Turkey) is a Turkish politician and member of the Turkish Parliament. He is also Deputy for Denizli and a member of the Justice and Development Party.
He studied at Istanbul University's Faculty of Law and studied legal English in London.
Özkan received a master's degree in private law from the University of Kocaeli and in the field of human rights at Bilgi University in Istanbul.
His thesis was, “Trial Procedures in the European Court of Human Rights”.
# Eric W. Morse

Eric W. Morse was a Canadian writer, wilderness canoe traveler and historian. He was born in India on December 29, 1904, and died in Ottawa in March 1986.

## Life

In 1951, while at an Ottawa dinner party, Eric Morse challenged the diplomats and businessmen to learn about the real Canada and get out on the land. The next year, he and a small group began taking treks in the wilderness of Canada. Several of his wilderness trips were with Sigurd Olson, the national director of Canadian Clubs from 1949 until 1971, as well as journalist Blair Fraser. In 1984, he was one of four persons that year (the others including Chuck Yeager and Sally Ride) conferred Honorary Memberships in the Explorer's Club. In 1977, Canadian Geographic magazine published an eight-page article by Morse titled Recreational canoeing in Canada; its history and its hazards. In that article he significantly noted that "wilderness, instead of being hated and feared had come to have a new escape value; and the canoe remained the best way to penetrate it."
In 1955, Morse, Sigurd Olson and four others took a 500 mile canoe trip on the Churchill River from Île-à-la-Crosse to Cumberland House. An account of this trip was enshrined in Sigurd Olson's book The Lonely Land. This group took several trips together before and after that journey and became known as The Voyageurs. In the 1960s, Eric and a younger group of paddlers traveled long stretches of Canada's far north including Eric's favorite river, the Coppermine (1966) and the Thelon (1962). In 1965, Eric's party traveled up the Rat River, N.W.T. and over the continental divide through McDougall Pass, the lowest point on the western cordillera, into Yukon Territory and down the Porcupine River. In 1985, the Morse River was named (Topo Map 66F) by a group of Canadian paddlers from the Hide-Away Canoe Club. The name change was passed on August 1, 1985, while the group was still on the trip. The Morse River drains into the south side of Garry Lake on the Back River system. Pierre Trudeau supported the naming application.

## Books

Books written by Morse include:
* Fur trade canoe routes of Canada / Then and now First published in 1969
* Fur trade canoe routes of Canada First published in 1971
* Canoe routes of the voyageurs First published in 1962
* Freshwater Saga Memoirs of a Lifetime of Wilderness Canoeing First published in 1987
* The exploration of Canada First published in 1971
# 8th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic

The 8th Legislature of the Third Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: VIII Legislatura da Terceira República Portuguesa) ran from 25 October 1999 to 4 April 2002. The composition of the Assembly of the Republic, the legislative body of Portugal, was determined by the results of the 1999 legislative election, held on 10 October 1999.
In the aftermath of a worse than expected result for the Socialist Party in the 2001 local elections, Prime Minister António Guterres resigned in order to, in his words, "avoid a political swamp". President Jorge Sampaio dissolved Parliament and called an election for 17 March 2002.

## Election

The 9th Portuguese legislative election was held on 10 October 1999. In the election, the Socialist Party (PS) won, being one seat short of a majority.
| Party | Party | Assembly of the Republic | Assembly of the Republic | Assembly of the Republic | Assembly of the Republic |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/− |
| | PS | 2,385,922 | 44.06 | 115 | +3 |
| | PPD/PSD | 1,750,158 | 32.32 | 81 | –7 |
| | CDU | 487,058 | 8.99 | 17 | +2 |
| | CDS–PP | 451,643 | 8.34 | 15 | ±0 |
| | BE | 132,333 | 2.44 | 2 | +2 |
| | Other/blank/invalid | 208,036 | 3.86 | 0 | ±0 |
| Total | Total | 5,415,102 | 100.00 | 230 | ±0 |

## Composition (1999–2002)

| Party | Party | Parliamentary group leader | Elected | Elected | Dissolution | Dissolution |
| Party | Party | Parliamentary group leader | Seats | % | Seats | % |
| | PS | Francisco Assis (Porto) | 115 | 50.0 | 115 | 50.0 |
| | PPD/PSD | António d'Orey Capucho (Setúbal) (1999–2001) Manuela Ferreira Leite (Lisboa) (2001–2002) | 81 | 35.2 | 81 | 35.2 |
| | PCP | Octávio Teixeira (Setúbal) (1999–2001) Bernardino Soares [pt] (Lisbon) (2001–2002) | 15 | 6.5 | 15 | 6.5 |
| | CDS–PP | Paulo Portas (Aveiro) (1999–2001) Basílio Horta (Viseu) (2001–2002) | 15 | 6.5 | 14 | 6.1 |
| | PEV | Isabel Castro (Lisbon) | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.9 |
| | BE | Luís Fazenda (Lisbon) | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.9 |
| | Independent | Daniel Campelo [pt] (Viana do Castelo) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.4 |
| Total | Total | Total | 230 | 100.0 | 230 | 100.0 |

### Changes

* Daniel Campelo, CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) → Independent: Left the CDS–PP parliamentary group in the aftermath of his support to António Guterres government's State budgets, which created a rift between him and the party.

## Election for President of the Assembly of the Republic

To be elected, a candidate needs to reach a minimum of 116 votes. Incumbent President António de Almeida Santos, from the Socialist Party, was easily re-elected:
Election of the President of the Assembly of the Republic :
| Ballot → | Ballot → | 27 October 1999 | 27 October 1999 |
| Required majority → | Required majority → | 116 out of 230 | 116 out of 230 |
| | António de Almeida Santos (PS) | 187 / 230 | Y |
| | Blank ballots | 34 / 230 | 34 / 230 |
| | Invalid ballots | 0 / 230 | 0 / 230 |
| | Absentees | 9 / 230 | 9 / 230 |
| Sources: ||||
# Oluf Gjerset

Oluf Gjerset (1 June 1848 – 29 May 1941) was a Norwegian-born, American politician from Minnesota. He served as the mayor of Montevideo, Minnesota and in the Minnesota state senate.

## Background

Oluf Gjerset was born in Vågøy (also spelled Vågø) in Fræna Municipality, Norway. He was the son of Ole Sørensen Gjerset and Karen Marie Olsdatter Eidem. His parents had nine children, one of whom died in infancy in Norway. In May, 1871, his family left for America. The family settled on the Big Bend of the Chippewa River in Chippewa County, Minnesota. His father helped organize the Norwegian Lutheran Synod congregation in the Big Bend settlement in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota. His brother, Knut Gjerset was a noted author and historian.
He attended the University of Minnesota Law School, earning his law degree in 1892 and was admitted to the bar the same year.

## Career

Gjerset was a member of the Montevideo Board of Education for several years. He served as the County Attorney of Chippewa County, Minnesota from 1897 to 1903 and Municipal (City) Attorney for Montevideo, Minnesota from 1909 to 1913. He was the mayor of Montevideo in 1913.
# SS Arsterturm (1944)

Arsterturm was a Hansa A Type cargo ship which was built in 1944 Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft Hansa, Bremen. She was bombed and sunk on 26 February 1945.

## Description

The ship was 85.22 m (279 ft 7 in) long, with a beam of 13.51 m (44 ft 4 in). She had a depth of 4.62 m (15 ft 2 in), and a draught of 5.69 m (18 ft 8 in). She was assessed as 1,923 GRT, 930 NRT, 3,200 DWT.
The ship was propelled by a compound steam engine. The engine was built by Rheinmetall-Börsig AG, Görlitz Rated at 1,200IHP, it drove a single screw propeller and could propel the ship at 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h). The ship had a crew of 25, plus 8 to 10 flak soldiers. It was equipped with 1×30-tonne crane, 1×10-tonne crane and 10×5 tonne cranes.

## History

Arsterturm was a Hansa A Type cargo ship built in 1944 as yard number 447 by Deutsche Werft, Finkenwerder, Germany for Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft Hansa, Bremen. She was launched on 13 September 1944 and completed on 31 October. Her port of registry was Bremen and the Code Letters DOYO were allocated. She participated in the evacuation of the Ostgebiete in December 1944.
On 26 February 1945, Arsterturm was bombed, torpedoed and sunk by Allied aircraft south of Kristiansund, Norway with the loss of 31 of her crew. She was on a voyage from Swinemünde to Tromsø, Norway with a cargo of ammunition.
# Luise Millerin

Luise Millerin is a 1922 German historical film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Lil Dagover, Paul Hartmann and Walter Janssen. It is based on the play Intrigue and Love by Friedrich Schiller.

## Cast

* Lil Dagover as Luise Millerin
* Paul Hartmann as Ferdinand
* Walter Janssen as Fürst von Anspach
* Gertrude Welcker as Lady Emilie Milford
* Friedrich Kühne as Präsident
* Fritz Kortner as Miller
* Werner Krauss as Sekretär Wurm
* Ilka Grüning as Millerin
* Reinhold Schünzel as Hofmarschall Kalb
# Naoufel El Hannach

Naoufel El Hannach (Arabic: نوفل الحناش; born 7 December 2006) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain. Born in France, he is a Morocco youth international.

## Career

In 2013, El Hannach joined the youth academy of Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), where he played in the UEFA Youth League. During the 2023–24 season, he was regarded as one of the key players in the club's under-19 team. Arabic news website 363scores wrote in 2024 that he was "one of the rising names in the world of football". On 7 February 2025, El Hannach signed his first professional contract with PSG, a deal until 2027.

## Style of play

El Hannach plays as a right-back and as a centre-back. Right-footed, he is known for his speed.

## Personal life

El Hannach is the younger brother of footballers Younes and Idriss.
# German Orthographic Conference of 1901

The German Orthographic Conference of 1901 (the Berlin II Orthographic Conference; German: Zweite Orthographische Konferenz or II. Orthographische Konferenz) was a conference of orthography that took place in Berlin 17-19 June 1901. The results of the conference became official in the German Empire in 1902. The standardized German spelling that resulted from the conference was largely based on the Prussian school spelling, but also on the Orthographic Conference of 1876.
The conference results removed numerous existing variant forms. Soon after the conference, its results were criticized by people who believed there should be further changes.
The spelling was used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, apart from the replacement of ß with ss in Switzerland in later years. The Erziehungsrat des Kantons Zürich stopped the teaching of ß in schools in 1935 with the Canton of Zürich being the first to do so, and the Neue Zürcher Zeitung as the last Swiss newspaper stopped using ß in 1974. However, some Swiss book publishers still use ß.
It was not until 95 years later that German spelling was changed again with the German spelling reform of 1996.

## Encoding

The IETF language tags have registered de-1901 for "Traditional German orthography".
# Kevin Thiele

Kevin R. Thiele is currently an adjunct associate professor at the University of Western Australia and the director of Taxonomy Australia. He was the curator of the Western Australian Herbarium from 2006 to 2015. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems. He also works in biodiversity informatics, developing and teaching the development of interactive multi-access keys, and has been involved in the design of software for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
He obtained a PhD from the University of Melbourne in 1993, and has since published many papers, notably a treatment of the Rhamnaceae for the Flora of Australia series of monographs, and, with Pauline Ladiges, a taxonomic arrangement of Banksia. In 2007 he collaborated with Austin Mast to transfer Dryandra to Banksia. More recently, he has worked on pollination systems, taxonomy, vegetation dynamics, and described further new species.
He has contributed over 2000 images to Wikipedia Commons of Western Australian plants and weeds.

## Selected recent publications

* Kwiatkowska, M.; Bohdanowicz, J.; Cubała, M.; Słomka, A.; Żabicka, J.; Żabicki, P.; Migdałek, G.; Marcussen, T.; Thiele, K.; Kuta, E. (2019). "A new pollination system in non-cleistogamous species of Viola results from nyctinastic (night-closing) petal movements – A mixed outcrossing-selfing strategy". Flora. 253: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2019.01.007. ISSN 0367-2530. S2CID 91905838.
* Hammer, T.A.; Davis, R.W.; Thiele, K.R. (2019). "Of a different feather: two new species of featherheads from the Ptilotus macrocephalus (Amaranthaceae) complex". Australian Systematic Botany. doi:10.1071/SB18065. ISSN 1030-1887.
* Anderson, B.M; Thiele, K.R.; Grierson, P.F.; Krauss, S.L.; Nevill, P.G.; Small, I.D.; Zhong, X.; Barrett, M.D. (2019). "Recent range expansion in Australian hummock grasses (Triodia) inferred using genotyping-by-sequencing". AoB Plants. 11 (2): plz017. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plz017. ISSN 2041-2851. PMC 6481909. PMID 31037212.

## Some taxa authored by K.R.Thiele

* Category:Taxa named by Kevin Thiele