# Trans*

The word trans* is a neologism referring to a deliberately undefined cluster of loosely related meanings, including gender identities or philosophical understandings of ontology, epistemology, and history, when discussing gender variance.
For some, trans* is simply an umbrella term for gender expansive identity. People who consider themselves trans* may also identify as genderfluid, agender, transgender, transsexual.
In academic disciplines such as philosophy, critical theory, education, and ethnic studies, trans* is an orientation that questions the ontological commitments within gender/transgender studies and their relationship to trans people of color.
As an academic orientation, trans* either highlights the centrality of Blackness or the concept of Coloniality of genderin what we understand as "gender nonconformity" and its history. For example, In Black Trans* Studies, the concept of Black as perceived historically as "nonhuman" creates Blackness as a null gender category.
Decolonial Trans* Scholars, emphasize the centrality of colonial history and its systems of power such as the Coloniality of knowledge Coloniality of powerColoniality of being and coloniality of gender as core framework to understand the assemblages that give rise to gender-nonconformity among people of color, or colonial gender refusal that give rise to new understandings to the study of trans* being and embodiment, which is a different "transgender history" as presented in trans studies
Education scholar, Omi Salas-SantaCruz writes that trans* is not an investment in humanism or existing under the gender umbrella of coloniality, or what they call being under the shadow of coloniality. Trans* is a shift in the knowledge systems we use to think of gender embodiment, which includes systems like two-spirit,Joteria, and "Black genders," among others. Poet and scholar,Alan Pelaez Lopez draws from Salas-SantaCruz and explains how writing trans* shifts the power perspective of studying transgender and gender theory which Salas-SantaCruz had called a "Trans-Ethnic Studies" perspective. Decolonial philosophers such as PJ DiPietro posit that "trans*" is a trans of color methodology that moves away fromWestern academic perspectives on multiculturalism and instead acknowledge a genealogy of transness that does not fit within hegemonic frameworks of colonialist power.
The neologism trans* is thus the idea that what trans is in the United States is also a very unique history among white populations and people of color in the U.S. have divergent views on gender, and so people elsewhere around the world: the idea that "third genders" are not transgender. Trans* then challenges the "common sense" of what trans is.

## Political progression

Trans* works within, beyond, and through social critiques and movements. Trans* thought is a part of Black and Indigenous theory, feminist theory, Queer theory, etc. acting as a check on the complacency of the theories’ praxises. Most activist-centered theories follow intersectionality through using additive frameworks, such as feminism in which the shift from second wave to third wave centers a shift from a singular identity framework like The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir to intersectionality as defined by Kimberlé Crenshaw which added blackness to feminist analysis. Yet scholars of trans*, such as Green and Lopez, emphasize that intersectionality is crucial to the framework from the very beginning, especially in consideration of how often trans people are left out of social movements. It is within this thinking that scholars who write on trans* often give credit to marginalized activists, primarily those who are Black and Indigenous for creating the foundational framework upon which trans* is built, including social thought like abolition.
However, trans* for someone academics does still occupy solely an umbrella aspect. Within these cases, especially within legal or socio-psychological analysis trans* is used to describe the vast nest of gender-expansive identities. This remains politicized as often these analyses that follow legal or socio-psychological dynamics identify the identity politics that legislation and discrimination have on the trans experience. Within this literature, trans* describes the community and how outside forces, such as the government, are interacting with the trans community.

## Methodologies

Academics that study trans* theories have many different ways of researching and demonstrating the concept of trans*. Often many literatures will use multiple methods in order to convey their theory, such as Lopez who uses both creative writing and social progression analysis. Here are some of the examples of different methods:

### Creative writing and Poetry

This appears as a way to personalize and create knowledge of trans* that centers the self and the experience of transness. Both Green and Lopez use this method when they retell personal stories within their writings. Lopez builds upon the storytelling aspect by using the framework of written poetry. The start of trans*imagination is written in short stanzas consisting of simple clauses that expand into full paragraphs as Lopez describes the literal interventions of trans*. The piece additionally navigates trans* through language as pieces of the literature are written in Spanish without an English translation, creatively demonstrating Lopez’s point that trans* describes the state of just existing. This also ignites epistemology outside of hegemonic frameworks allowing for space of the knowledge creation for marginalized people.

### Film and media analysis

Film Analysis similar to creative literature allows for the demonstration of themes related to trans* through expression. However, within this method, the emphasis is on the parallelism of characters, themes, and lived experiences. One such analysis is done by Gizem Senturk, who analyzes the symbiosis of Jadzia Dax in the series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Within their literature, they describe the parallelism of the restriction of gender-affirming care, gender dysphoria, gender performance, multiplicity, and complexity of trans*ness through the series’ species the Trill. Within this framework trans* can demonstrate how it can be explained to a general population, or targeted audience, without having to reduce the theory and complexities held within it. Senturks’ analysis also provides a critique on how the current frameworks of gender that don’t highlight trans*ness become restrictive to the trans experience.

### Political analysis

Often politics and legislation have to simplify trans people in order to create legislation related to them. This makes them more uninvolved in the social critique that trans* brings and more interested in the expansiveness of the people who use it. Within these cases trans* becomes an umbrella term in the analysis of the legislation related to trans people. A piece by Robin C. Ladwig analyzes new potential organizational frameworks of the workplace to be more inclusive of diverse gender experiences, while a piece by Martin De Mauro Rucovsky analyzes Argentina’s legal recognition of trans people and the activism by those of gender expansive experience that went into ensuring that legalization. Both of these political cases use the umbrella term version of trans* to advocate and emphasize the change in expansion in policy and legislative work. However, while attempting to maintain the umbrella term definition Rucovsky often uses the expansive and future-thinking version of trans*, even using the asterisk as a conjunction as described by other scholars like Lopez.

### Social progression analysis

There is additionally an emphasis on recording and analyzing the evolution of trans*ness not only within it but in connection and derivation from other social theories and critiques. Green and Lopez call back to Black and Indigenous feminism and feminist theorists for being roots for trans*feminism and Marquis Bey does similarly, bringing the connection of abolitionist framework within their trans* literature. Others dive into the formation of the community that sprouts from the term trans*, writers Emily Keener and Eli Erlick analyze the evolution of trans* community in their respective works. Keener focuses on the complexities of gender formation and the varying identities and expressions that fit within the trans* community. Erlick investigated the progression of trans* youth activism on the internet and how the digital sphere became a space to escape isolation and to create social progress for trans* individuals.