# Liv Ullmann

Liv Johanne Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress and filmmaker. Recognised as one of the greatest European actresses of all time, Ullmann is known as the muse and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Ingmar Bergman, whom she dated for five years. She acted in many of his films, including Persona (1966), Cries and Whispers (1972), Scenes from a Marriage (1973), The Passion of Anna (1969), and Autumn Sonata (1978).
Ullmann won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama in 1972 for the film The Emigrants and has been nominated for another four. In 2000, she was nominated for the Palme d'Or for her second directorial feature film, Faithless. She has received two BAFTA Award nominations, and two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for The Emigrants and Ingmar Bergman's Face to Face. On March 25, 2022, Ullmann was presented with an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of her "bravery and emotional transparency that has gifted audiences with deeply affecting screen portrayals".

## Early life

Liv Johanne Ullmann was born in Tokyo on 16 December 1938, the daughter of Norwegian parents Janna Erbe (née Lund; 1910–1996) and Erik Viggo Ullmann (1907–1945). Her father was an aircraft engineer who was working in Tokyo at the time. Her grandfather helped Jews escape from the Norwegian town where he lived during World War II, and was thus sent to the Dachau concentration camp, where he died. When Ullmann was two years old, she moved with her parents to Canada and settled in Toronto, where her father worked at the Norwegian Air Force base on Toronto Island during World War II. The family then moved to the U.S. and settled in New York City, where her father died four years later after a lengthy hospitalization from head injuries due to being struck by an airplane propeller, and his death affected her greatly. Her mother worked as a bookseller while raising Ullmann and her sister alone. They eventually returned to Norway and lived in Trondheim.

## Career

Ullmann began her acting career as a stage actress in Norway during the mid-1950s. She continued to act in theatre for most of her career and became noted for her portrayal of Nora Helmer in Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House.
She became better known once she started to work with Swedish movie director Ingmar Bergman. She later acted, with acclaim, in 10 of his movies, including Persona (1966), The Passion of Anna (1969), Cries and Whispers (1972), and Autumn Sonata (1978), in the last of which her co-actress Ingrid Bergman resumed her own Swedish cinema career. She co-acted often with Swedish actor and fellow Bergman collaborator Erland Josephson, with whom she made the Swedish television drama Scenes from a Marriage (1973), which was also edited to feature-movie length and distributed theatrically. Ullmann acted with Laurence Olivier in A Bridge Too Far (1977), directed by Richard Attenborough.
Nominated more than 40 times for awards, including various lifetime achievement awards, she won the best-actress prize three times from the National Society of Film Critics and three times from the National Board of Review, received three awards from the New York Film Critics Circle, and a Golden Globe. During 1971, Ullmann was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for the movie The Emigrants, and again during 1976 for the movie Face to Face.
Ullmann made her New York City stage debut in 1975, also in A Doll's House. Appearances in Anna Christie and Ghosts followed, as well as the less-than-successful musical version of I Remember Mama. This show, composed by Richard Rodgers, experienced numerous revisions during a long preview period, then closed after 108 performances. She also featured in the widely deprecated musical movie remake of Lost Horizon during 1973. In 1977, when she appeared on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre in Eugene O'Neill's Anna Christie, The New York Times said that she "glowed with despair and hope, and was everything one could have wished her to have been" in a performance "not to be missed and never to be forgotten", with her "grace and authority" that was "perhaps more than Garbo...born for Anna Christie:--Or more properly, Anna Christie was born for her."
In 1980, Brian De Palma, who directed Carrie, wanted Liv Ullmann to play the role of Kate Miller in the erotic crime thriller Dressed to Kill and offered it to her, but she declined because of the violence. The role subsequently went to Angie Dickinson. In 1982, Ingmar Bergman wanted Ullmann to play Emelie Ekdahl in his last feature film, Fanny and Alexander, and wrote the role with this in mind. She declined it, feeling the role was too sad. She later stated in interviews that turning it down was one of the few things she really regretted.
During 1984, she was chairperson of the jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival, and during 2001 chaired the jury of the Cannes Film Festival. She introduced her daughter, Linn Ullmann, to the audience with the words: "Here comes the woman whom Ingmar Bergman loves the most". Her daughter was there to receive the Prize of Honour on behalf of her father; she would return to serve the jury herself during 2011. She published two autobiographies, Changing (1977) and Choices (1984).
Ullmann's first film as a director was Sofie (1992); her friend and former co-actor, Erland Josephson, starred on it. She later directed the Bergman-composed movie Faithless (2000). Faithless garnered nominations for both the Palme d'Or and Best Actress category at the Cannes Film Festival.
In 2003, Ullmann reprised her role for Scenes from a Marriage in Saraband (2003), Bergman's final telemovie. Her previous screen role had been in the Swedish movie Zorn (1994).
In 2004, Ullmann revealed that she had received an offer in November 2003 to play in three episodes of the American television series, Sex and the City. She was amused by the offer, and said that it was one of the few programs she regularly watched, but she turned it down. Later that year, Steven Soderbergh wrote a role in the movie Ocean's 12 especially for her, but she also turned that down.
During 2006, Ullmann announced that she had been forced to end her longtime wish of making a film based on A Doll's House. According to her statement, the Norwegian Film Fund was preventing writer Ketil Bjørnstad and her from pursuing the project. Australian actress Cate Blanchett and British actress Kate Winslet had been intended to have been cast in the main roles of the movie. She later directed Blanchett in the play A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, at the Sydney Theatre Company in Sydney, which was performed September through October 2009, and then continued from 29 October to 21 November 2009 at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC, where it won a Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Non-resident Production, as well as actress and supporting performer for 2009. The play was also performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn, New York. Ullmann narrated the Canada–Norway co-produced animated short movie The Danish Poet (2006), which won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards during 2007.
In 2008, she was the head of the jury at the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.
During 2012, she attended the International Indian Film Academy Awards in Singapore, where she was honored for her Outstanding Contributions to International Cinema and she also showed her movie on her relationship with Ingmar Bergman. In 2013, Ullmann directed a film adaptation of Miss Julie. The film, released in September 2014, stars Jessica Chastain, Colin Farrell, and Samantha Morton. It was widely praised by the Norwegian press.
In 2018, Ullmann narrated Wars Don't End, a documentary about the Lebensborn war children.
In March 2022, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that Ullmann would receive the Academy Honorary Award. John Lithgow presented her with the statue at the Governors Awards, saying, "For those few who claim that she never would've been called one of our greatest actors without Ingmar Bergman, I would answer, Bergman would probably never been called one of our greatest filmmakers without Liv Ullman".

## Honours and causes

Ullmann is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, and has traveled widely for the organization. She is also co-founder and honorary chair of the Women's Refugee Commission.
In 2005, King Harald V of Norway made Ullmann a Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav.
Ullmann received an honorary degree, a doctorate of philosophy, from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in 2006.

## Personal life

Ullmann was married to Norwegian psychiatrist Hans Jakob Stang from 1960 until they divorced in 1965. She dated Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman from 1965 to 1970, becoming his muse and frequent collaborator. They had a daughter, writer Linn Ullmann (born 1966), whose son Halfdan Ullmann Tøndel (born 1990) became a filmmaker.
In 1985, Ullman married American real estate developer Donald Saunders from Boston, and they divorced in 1995 but remained in a relationship.

## Credits
### Film

As actress
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| 1957 | Fjols til fjells | Hotel Guest | Edith Carlmar | Uncredited extra |
| 1959 | The Wayward Girl | Gerd | Edith Carlmar | |
| 1962 | Tonny | Kari | Nils R. Müller Per Gjersøe | |
| 1962 | Kort är sommaren | | | |
| 1965 | De kalte ham Skarven | | Wilfred Breistrand Erik Folke Gustavson | |
| 1966 | Persona | Elisabet Vogler | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1968 | Hour of the Wolf | Alma Borg | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1968 | Shame | Eva Rosenberg | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1969 | An-Magritt | An-Magritt | Arne Skouen | |
| 1969 | The Passion of Anna | Anna Fromm | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1970 | Cold Sweat | Fabienne Martin | Terence Young | |
| 1971 | The Emigrants | Kristina | Jan Troell | |
| 1971 | The Night Visitor | Ester Jenks | László Benedek | |
| 1972 | The New Land | Kristina | Jan Troell | |
| 1972 | Cries and Whispers | Maria (and her mother) | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1972 | Pope Joan | Pope Joan | Michael Anderson | |
| 1973 | Scenes from a Marriage | Marianne | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1973 | 40 Carats | Ann Stanley | Milton Katselas | |
| 1973 | Lost Horizon | Katherine | Charles Jarrott | |
| 1974 | Zandy's Bride | Hannah Lund | Jan Troell | |
| 1974 | The Abdication | Queen Kristina | Anthony Harvey | |
| 1975 | Léonor | Léonor | Juan Luis Buñuel | |
| 1976 | Face to Face | Dr. Jenny Isaksson | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1977 | The Serpent's Egg | Manuela Rosenberg | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1977 | A Bridge Too Far | Kate ter Horst | Richard Attenborough | |
| 1978 | Autumn Sonata | Eva | Ingmar Bergman | |
| 1979 | Players | Tennis Spectator | Anthony Harvey | Uncredited |
| 1980 | Richard's Things | Kate Morris | Anthony Harvey | |
| 1984 | The Wild Duck | Gina | Henri Safran | |
| 1984 | The Bay Boy | Mrs. Campbell | Daniel Petrie | |
| 1984 | Dangerous Moves | Marina Fromm | Richard Dembo | |
| 1986 | Let's Hope It's a Girl | Elena | Mario Monicelli | |
| 1987 | Gaby: A True Story | Sari | Luis Mandoki | |
| 1987 | Farewell Moscow | Ida Nudel | Mauro Bolognini | |
| 1988 | The Girlfriend | María | Jeanine Meerapfel | |
| 1989 | The Rose Garden | Gabriele | Fons Rademakers | |
| 1991 | Mindwalk | Sonia Hoffman | Bernt Amadeus Capra | |
| 1991 | Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes | Narrator | George Levenson | Voice; short film |
| 1992 | The Long Shadow | Katherine | Vilmos Zsigmond | |
| 1992 | The Ox | Mrs. Gustafsson | Sven Nykvist | |
| 1994 | Dreamplay | Ticket Seller | Unni Straume | |
| 2006 | The Danish Poet | Narrator | Torill Kove | Voice; short film |
| 2008 | Through a Glass, Darkly | Grandmother | Jesper W. Nielsen | |
| 2009 | Sinna mann | Mother | Anita Killi | Voice; English version |
| 2012 | Two Lives | Åse | Judith Kaufmann | |
| 2012 | Liv & Ingmar | Herself | Dheeraj Akolkar | Documentary |
| 2018 | Wars Don't End | Narrator | Dheeraj Akolkar | Voice; documentary |
As director
| Year | Film | Distribution |
| 1992 | Sofie | Pathé |
| 1995 | Kristin Lavransdatter | HVE Entertainment |
| 1996 | Private Confessions | |
| 2000 | Faithless | AB Svensk Filmindustri |
| 2014 | Miss Julie | Columbia TriStar |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1963 | Onkel Vanja | |
| 1965 | Smeltedigelen | Mary Warren |
| 1966 | En hyggelig fyr | Mabel |
| 1966 | Måken | Sonja |
| 1967 | Cocktailselskapet | Celia |
| 1975 | Trollflöjten | Woman in Audience |
| 1979 | The Lady from the Sea | Ellida Wangel |
| 1983 | Jenny | Jenny Winge |
| 1983 | Jacobo Timerman: Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number | Mrs. Jacobo Timerman |
| 1988 | Gli indifferenti | Maria Grazia |
| 1994 | Zorn | Emma Zorn |
| 2003 | Saraband | Marianne |
| 2011 | Long Day's Journey into Night | Mary Tyrone |

### Theatre

| Year | Title | Role | Venue |
| 1975 | A Doll's House | Nora Helmer | Vivian Beaumont Theater, Broadway |
| 1977 | Anna Christie | Anna Christopherson | Imperial Theatre, Broadway |
| 1979 | I Remember Mama | Mama | Majestic Theatre, Broadway |
| 1982 | Ghosts | Mrs. Helen Alving | Brooks Atkinson Theatre, Broadway |
| 2019 | Liv | Herself | |
| 2021 | American Moth | | Grieg Hall |

## Awards and recognition

| Year | Award | Category | Project | Result |
| 1968 | National Society of Film Critics Award | Best Actress | Hour of the Wolf | Won |
| 1968 | Guldbagge Award | Best Actress in a Leading Role | Hour of the Wolf | Won |
| 1968 | National Board of Review Award | Best Actress | Shame | Won |
| 1971 | Academy Awards | Best Actress | The Emigrants | Nominated |
| 1971 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama | The Emigrants | Won |
| 1972 | National Board of Review Award | Best Actress | The New Land | Won |
| 1972 | New York Film Critics Circle Award | Best Actress | Cries and Whispers | Won |
| 1973 | British Academy of Film and Television Arts | Best Actress in a Leading Role | Scenes from a Marriage | Nominated |
| 1973 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama | Scenes from a Marriage | Nominated |
| 1973 | National Society of Film Critics Award | Best Actress | Scenes from a Marriage | Won |
| 1973 | New York Film Critics Circle Award | Best Actress | Scenes from a Marriage | Won |
| 1973 | David di Donatello Awards | Best Foreign Actress | Scenes from a Marriage | Won |
| 1973 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical | 40 Carats | Nominated |
| 1974 | David di Donatello Awards | David Special Award | | Won |
| 1976 | Academy Awards | Best Actress | Face to Face | Nominated |
| 1976 | British Academy of Film and Television Arts | Best Actress in a Leading Role | Face to Face | Nominated |
| 1976 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama | Face to Face | Nominated |
| 1976 | National Board of Review Award | Best Actress | Face to Face | Won |
| 1976 | New York Film Critics Circle Award | Best Actress | Face to Face | Won |
| 1976 | Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award | Best Actress | Face to Face | Won |
| 1978 | David di Donatello Awards | Best Foreign Actress | Autumn Sonata | Won |
| 1986 | David di Donatello Awards | Best Actress | Let's Hope It's a Girl | Nominated |
| 1987 | David di Donatello Awards | Best Actress | Farewell Moscow | Nominated |
| 1988 | San Sebastián International Film Festival | Best Actress | The Girlfriend | Won |
| 1989 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama | The Rose Garden | Nominated |
| 1992 | Montreal World Film Festival | Special Grand Prize of the Jury | Sofie | Won |
| 1996 | Chicago International Film Festival | Gold Hugo | Private Confessions | Nominated |
| 2000 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Faithless | Nominated |
| 2000 | Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director | Best Director | Faithless | Nominated |
| 2000 | Goya Award | Best European Film | Faithless | Nominated |
| 2021 | Academy Awards | Academy Honorary Award | | Won |
Honors
* 1984: Four Freedoms Laureate, Freedom from Want
* 2006: Ibsen Centennial Commemoration Award
* 2006: The Danish Poet won its director Torill Kove the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards.
* 2010: 2010 FIAF Award
* 2012: International Indian Film Academy Awards for Outstanding Contribution to International Cinema