OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DirectX Raytracing

DirectX Raytracing (DXR) is a feature introduced in Microsoft's DirectX 12 that implements ray tracing, for video graphic rendering. DXR was released with the Windows 10 October update (version 1809) on October 10, 2018. It requires an AMD Radeon RX 6000, 7000, or 9000 series, Intel Arc A or B series, or Nvidia GeForce 20, 30, 40, or 50 series video card, which is designed to handle the high computing load used for ray tracing.

## Additions to DirectX 12

With the introduction of DXR in October, four new features were added to DirectX 12:
* Acceleration structure is a representation of the 3D environment that is efficiently formatted for the GPU. This environment is the plane that is used to create the starting points. The structure allows for modifications to be made and has optimized ray traversal.
* The command list DispatchRays, is the start of the rays that are used to generate the reflection graphics. These are used by the GPU to begin the raytracing process.
* New HLSL shaders, ray-generation, closest-hit, any hit, and miss, that are used describe computationally what DXR is doing when rendering raytracing. These shaders utilize the TraceRay function in HLSL to trace rays in the environment. When the ray interacts with the generated plane it can call on one of many selected hit or miss shaders. The variation of hit and miss shaders creates different textures.
* Raytracing pipeline state, a counterpart to the current Graphics and Compute pipeline state objects. Pipeline state objects are hardware settings that determine how the GPU interprets and renders information.

## Technical details

DXR starts by sending out a ray from each pixel on a given plane and calculates which objects on the plane are hit by the ray first. Next, the DXR algorithm estimates the amount of light where the ray intersects the object and attaches that calculation to the object. Objects can have different properties that will absorb or reflect light at different rates. To stop infinite bounces of a ray from happening, DXR will stop calculations after a certain amount of intersections. Rays that never interact with an object are tracked for how far they have gone. This is so the algorithm understands when rays have gone too far.

## Updates

DXR was released to the public on October 10, 2018 with the Windows 10 October update (version 1809).
The first major update was made to DXR on May 27, 2020 with the Windows 10 May update (version 2004). The May update implemented DXR Tier 1.1, which allows game engines to make real time calculations which makes the raytracing graphics faster and more efficient.
# Curdione

Curdione is a chemical compound isolated from Curcuma wenyujin. Its molecular weight is 236.35 g/mol.
# Railway Heritage Committee

The Railway Heritage Committee (RHC) was set up in the 1990s following the Privatisation of British Rail in the United Kingdom in the 1990s. Its purpose was to identify and designate railway records and artefacts which were historically significant for the British railway system and which were worthy of permanent preservation and being kept securely.
The RHC was an executive non-departmental public body of the Department for Transport. The committee was abolished in 2013 but its powers were transferred to a new Railway Heritage Designation Advisory Board reporting to the board of trustees of the Science Museum, London from 1 April 2013.
Sir Gordon Robert Higginson, a former Vice Chancellor of the University of Southampton was the founding chair of the committee.
# Embajadores (Madrid Metro)

Embajadores is a station on the Madrid Metro. It's named after Calle de Embajadores, "Ambassadors' Street"). It is located in fare Zone A. The station offers connection to Cercanías Madrid via Embajadores railway station.
# Białoskóry, Masovian Voivodeship

Białoskóry is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierpc, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south of Sierpc and 108 km (67 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# NOTUS (website)

NOTUS ("News of the United States") is a digital news outlet owned by the Albritton Journalism Institute, a nonprofit organization founded by Robert Allbritton in 2023.

## History

Robert Allbritton established the Albritton Journalism Institute in 2023 with a personal grant of $20 million. According to Allbritton, his intent was to create an outlet to train aspiring public affairs journalists, filling a gap formerly occupied by daily newspapers.

## Organization

NOTUS operates as a website at notus.org. It also distributes its content to local nonprofit news organizations such as Oklahoma Watch, the Santa Barbara News-Press, and others. In addition to its endowment from Albritton, NOTUS has received funding from the Henry L. Kimelman Family Foundation, the Sandpiper Fund, and from syndication fees paid by its local news partners.

## Staff

NOTUS covers the politics of the United States. It is primarily staffed by term-limited staff — "fellows" — of which ten are annually selected from recent university graduates and early-career journalists for a paid work experience reporting for NOTUS for 24-months, which is preceded by a month-long immersion course in Washington, D.C. and augmented by guest courses taught by veteran reporters. Several professional staff supervise the outlet. They have included Richard Just, Kate Nocera, and Matt Berman.
# Jahkoy Palmer

Jahkoy Palmer (born March 23, 1994) (known as Jahkoy or JAHKOY) is a Canadian R&B singer and rapper. He has released several projects, including the mixtape Forward Thinking, and the singles "Still in Love", "Hold Your Hand", and "Odd Future". His most recent single, "Odd Future," premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show in January 2016 and was played by Drake on OVO Sound Radio.

## Early life

Palmer was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to a Jamaican mother and an Ethiopian father. Growing up, he lived in both the Lawrence Heights and Jane and Finch neighborhoods in Toronto. To keep him out of trouble, his parents transferred him to Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic school. As young as age 11, he began writing poetry and turning those poems into raps. He began recording and rapping under the name Raheem by age 14. Palmer counts Pharrell and Andre 3000 among his early influences.

## Career

Under the alias Raheem, Palmer performed at numerous events throughout Toronto, including the Manifesto Arts Festival and the 106 and York Urban Arts Festival, before he turned 16. By age 19, he decided to return to his birth name, Jahkoy, for his music career. He released his first mixtape under the name JAHKOY in December 2013. The album, Forward Thinking, introduced what Jahkoy refers to as a "bipolar" sound, and also marked a shift from predominantly rapping to predominantly singing.
JAHKOY has collaborated with Willow and Jaden Smith. In 2015, he released singles including "Still in Love," "Hold Your Hand," and "All The Things You Do." "Still in Love" and "Hold Your Hand" were often in regular rotation on Zane Lowe, Drake, Elton John, and Pharrell's Beats 1 radio stations.
In early 2016, Jahkoy was signed to Def Jam Recordings. He released his first single under the Def Jam banner in January 2016. The song, "Odd Future," was premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio station and was played by Drake and OVO Sound Radio.
Throughout 2017, Jahkoy and Ella Mai opened for Kehlani on her SweetSexySavage World Tour.

## Personal life

Palmer confirmed his relationship with Australian fitness model and influencer Tammy Hembrow on Instagram in June 2019. Hembrow and Palmer dated for a few months in 2019 and broke up.

## Discography
### Mixtapes

Dying To Live Forever (2014)
| Title | Details |
| Forward Thinking | Released: 2015 (US) Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download |

### EPs

| Title | Details |
| Foreign Water | Released: 2017 Label: Def Jam Formats: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| "Still in Love" | 2015 | Non-album single |
| "Hold Your Hand" | 2015 | Non-album single |
| "Odd Future" | 2016 | Foreign Water |
| "California Heaven" (featuring Schoolboy Q) | 2016 | Foreign Water |
| "All This" | 2018 | TBA |
# 2007 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team

The 2007 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by seventh-year head coach Greg Schiano.
For the first time in the history of Rutgers football, the team entered a season ranked—they were 16th in both the Associated Press and Coaches polls. The Scarlet Knights finished the season with an 8–5 record that included a 52–30 victory over the Ball State Cardinals in the 2008 International Bowl. It marked the third consecutive appearance of the team in a post-season bowl game, and the second bowl game won by the team.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 7:00 pm | Buffalo* | No. 16 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN+ | W 38–3 | 43,091 |
| September 7 | 7:00 pm | Navy* | No. 15 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN | W 41–24 | 43,514 |
| September 15 | 3:30 pm | Norfolk State* | No. 13 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN+ | W 59–0 | 43,712 |
| September 29 | 3:30 pm | Maryland* | No. 10 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ABC | L 24–34 | 43,803 |
| October 6 | 8:00 pm | No. 20 Cincinnati | No. 21 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN2 | L 23–28 | 43,768 |
| October 13 | 12:00 pm | at Syracuse | | Carrier DomeSyracuse, New York | ESPN+ | W 38–14 | 36,226 |
| October 18 | 7:45 pm | No. 2 South Florida | | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN | W 30–27 | 44,267 |
| October 27 | 12:00 pm | No. 6 West Virginia | No. 25 | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ABC | L 3–31 | 43,620 |
| November 3 | 7:00 pm | at No. 16 UConn | | Rentschler FieldEast Hartford, Connecticut | ESPNU | L 19–38 | 40,000 |
| November 9 | 8:00 pm | at Army* | | Michie StadiumWest Point, New York | ESPN2 | W 41–6 | 39,073 |
| November 17 | 12:00 pm | Pittsburgh | | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, New Jersey | ESPN+ | W 20–16 | 43,531 |
| November 29 | 7:45 pm | at Louisville | | Papa John's Cardinal StadiumLouisville, Kentucky | ESPN | L 38–41 | 37,012 |
| January 5 | 12:00 pm | Ball State* | | Rogers CentreToronto, ON (International Bowl) | ESPN2 | W 52–30 | 31,455 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP and Coaches Polls released prior to game.All times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Aichi International Arena

Aichi International Arena (愛知国際アリーナ, Aichi Kokusai Ariina), also known as IG Arena (IGアリーナ, IG Ariina) for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose arena under construction in Kita-ku, Nagoya, Japan. Scheduled to open in July 2025, the arena will be a replacement for the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium, which was built in 1964.

## Overview

Aichi Prefectural Governor Hideaki Ōmura announced plans for the new arena in July 2017, almost a year after the prefecture and Nagoya city were unanimously selected to be the hosts of the 2026 Asian Games. A section of Meijō Park north of the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium was chosen to build the new arena.
Designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, Aichi International Arena will have a maximum seating capacity of 15,000. The arena will also host the annual grand sumo tournament that takes place in Nagoya every July. Despite prefectural documents listing a seating capacity of 11,000 for sumo matches, the Japan Sumo Association announced in December 2024 that capacity for the 2025 Nagoya tournament would be limited to around 7,800 seats.
In February 2024 it was announced that British financial company IG Group would have naming rights for the Aichi International Arena for ten years. The rights deal was arranged by AEG Worldwide.
# Chris Óg Jones

Chris Óg Jones (born 1998) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays at club level with Iveleary and at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team. He usually lines out as a forward.

## Career

Jones first played competitive Gaelic football with the Iveleary club in Inchigeelagh and, after progressing through the juvenile and underage ranks, he soon joined the club's top adult team. He enjoyed his first major success when the club won the Cork JAFC title in 2020, with Jones ending the campaign as top scorer. This success was followed by claiming the Cork IAFC title in 2021. Jones first appeared on the inter-county scene with the Cork minor football team in 2016 before later linking up with the under-20 side. He was first selected for the Cork senior football team for the pre-season McGrath Cup competition in 2022 and later earned inclusion on the team's National League panel.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 12 October 2024.
| Team | Year | Cork JAFC | Cork JAFC |
| Team | Year | Apps | Score |
| Iveleary | 2015 | 3 | 0-02 |
| Iveleary | 2016 | — | — |
| Iveleary | 2017 | — | — |
| Iveleary | 2018 | 3 | 2-15 |
| Iveleary | 2019 | 3 | 1-10 |
| Iveleary | 2020 | 3 | 6-17 |
| Iveleary | Total | 12 | 9-44 |
| Iveleary | Year | Cork IAFC | Cork IAFC |
| Iveleary | Year | Apps | Score |
| Iveleary | 2021 | 6 | 5-38 |
| Iveleary | Total | 6 | 5-38 |
| Iveleary | Year | Cork PIFC | Cork PIFC |
| Iveleary | Year | Apps | Score |
| Iveleary | 2022 | 3 | 3-10 |
| Iveleary | 2023 | 4 | 1-18 |
| Iveleary | 2024 | 5 | 6-27 |
| Iveleary | Total | 12 | 10-55 |
| Career total | Career total | 30 | 24-137 |

### Inter-county

    As of match played 16 March 2025
| Team | Year | National League | National League | National League | Munster | Munster | All-Ireland | All-Ireland | Total | Total |
| Team | Year | Division | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score |
| Cork | 2022 | Division 2 | 1 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 |
| Cork | 2023 | Division 2 | 7 | 0-12 | 1 | 0-00 | 5 | 0-06 | 13 | 0-18 |
| Cork | 2024 | Division 2 | 7 | 2-15 | 2 | 1-03 | 4 | 0-08 | 13 | 3-26 |
| Cork | 2025 | Division 2 | 6 | 5-15 | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | 6 | 5-15 |
| Total | Total | Total | 21 | 7-42 | 3 | 1-03 | 9 | 0-14 | 33 | 8-59 |

## Honours
### Iveleary

* Cork Intermediate A Football Championship: 2021
* Cork Junior A Football Championship: 2020
* Mid Cork Junior A Football Championship: 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020
# William F. Tompkins (Wisconsin politician)

William Freeman Tompkins Sr. (April 4, 1812 – August 17, 1871) was an American farmer, businessman, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the city of Janesville in the 1850 and 1851 sessions. He was also one of the first proprietors of the Janesville Gazette. He served in elected office as a Whig but after the dissolution of that party, he joined the Democratic Party. He was described as an extremist for temperance, and the "Father of Temperance in Rock County".

## Biography

William Freeman Tompkins was born April 4, 1812, at Scipio, New York. His mother died shortly after his birth and his father died only a few years later.
Tompkins emerged in the Wisconsin Territory in the mid 1840s, as a politically active Whig, running for probate judge in 1844. He was unsuccessful in 1844, but won election as probate judge the next year, in 1845.
In December 1845, he purchased a share of the ownership of the Janesville Gazette newspaper, which had been founded earlier that year. He sold his share of the paper less than a year later, in September 1846.
Rock County in the early years of Wisconsin statehood was described as a Whig stronghold. Tompkins won two consecutive terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the Janesville Assembly district during the 1850 and 1851 legislative sessions.
Just after winning re-election to the Assembly, Tompkins was one of the founders of the Rock County Agricultural Society and one of its original officers.
After the Whig Party dissolved in the mid 1850s, Tompkins joined the Democratic Party. He went bankrupt during the American Civil War and left Wisconsin, ultimately moving to Abilene, Kansas, where he died in 1871.

## Personal life and family

William F. Tompkins was the last of seven children born to William Tompkins and his wife Anna (née Freeman).
On February 25, 1834, William F. Tompkins married Caroline Leach at Fleming, New York. They had four children together, though one daughter died in childhood. Their eldest son, Horace, enrolled in the Union Army in the American Civil War and served as a second lieutenant in the 19th Michigan Infantry Regiment. He was a prisoner of war for several years in Libby Prison, he died of disease at Nashville, Tennessee, in the final days of the war.
# David Hughes (Somerset cricketer)

David Garfield Hughes (21 May 1934 – 20 February 2025) was an English cricketer who played one first-class cricket match for Somerset in 1955.
Hughes was a right-handed lower-order batsman and a wicketkeeper, and his single match for Somerset's first team came about because of the (rare) unavailability of the regular wicketkeeper of the 1950s, Harold Stephenson. In the match against Nottinghamshire at County Ground, Taunton, he took one catch and made one stumping, and contributed two runs to Somerset's second innings after not batting in the first.
Hughes played for Somerset's second eleven in the Minor Counties and the Second Eleven Championship over many years, with his final appearance for the side in 1977. He also played Minor Counties cricket for Wiltshire in the 1960s.
Hughes died on 20 February 2025, at the age of 90.
# Critical Thinking Awareness Day

Critical Thinking Awareness Day is an annual event to promote rational and critical thinking by the public. February 15, 2024 was proclaimed by the Governor of West Virginia, Jim Justice, to be the first Critical Thinking Awareness day, due solely to the efforts put forth by the West Virginia Skeptics Society.
The proclamation states that, "critical thinking is an essential skill empowering people to think rationally and make informed decisions, and it fosters creativity, problem solving and independent thought; critical thinking also encourages people to analyze and evaluate information from different perspectives and sources, helping to prevent misinformation, promoting responsible citizenship and contributing to the development of a more just and democratic society. Critical thinking is a lifelong skill that can be developed and improved through education, training and practice."
The date was selected to align closely with the national Classroom Science Days so that school could organize activities that promote both science and critical thinking.
Free activities and resources were organized for schools, from elementary through university and college level, as well as for the public through libraries. Activities included trivia games, debates, and a screening of a documentary that promoted viewing mainstream media through a critical lens.
A group in Utah is working to have Critical Thinking Awareness Day proclaimed in their area. Other states and countries are encouraged to do the same in order to inspire people to reflect on how critical thinking impacts day to day life.
* A display of the first Critical Thinking Awareness Day Proclamation
* Critical Thinking Awareness Day Discussion Panel
* Students engaged in critical thinking activities
* Critical Thinking Presentation
# Shazdeh Garden

Shazdeh Mahan Garden (Persian: باغ شازده ماهان Bāgh-e Shāzdeh Mahan) meaning the Prince`s Garden in Mahan is a historical Persian garden located near (6 km away from) Mahan in Kerman province, Iran.
The garden is 5.5 hectares with a rectangular shape and a wall around it.
Spread over 5.5 hectares, Shazdeh Garden is rectangular in shape. It has an entrance and a gate at the lower end and a two-floor residential structure at the upper end. The distance between these two is lined by water fountains. In June 2011, Shazdeh Garden was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other Persian gardens.

## Gallery

* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman (msehome)
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman, Iran
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman, Iran
* Shazdeh Garden, Mahan, Kerman, Iran
# 2021 Northwestern Wildcats football team

The 2021 Northwestern Wildcats football team represented Northwestern University during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wildcats played their home games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois, and competed in the West Division of the Big Ten Conference. They were led by 16th-year head coach Pat Fitzgerald. They finished the season 3–9, 1–8 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for last place in the West division.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | 8:00 p.m. | Michigan State | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | ESPN | L 21–38 | 34,248 |
| September 11 | 11:00 a.m. | Indiana State* | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 24–6 | 26,181 |
| September 18 | 3:00 p.m. | at Duke* | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC | ACCN | L 23–30 | 12,323 |
| September 25 | 11:00 a.m. | Ohio* | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 35–6 | 27,129 |
| October 2 | 6:30 p.m. | at Nebraska | Memorial StadiumLincoln, NE | BTN | L 7–56 | 87,364 |
| October 16 | 11:00 a.m. | Rutgers | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | W 21–7 | 30,218 |
| October 23 | 11:00 a.m. | at No. 6 Michigan | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI (George Jewett Trophy) | FOX | L 7–33 | 109,449 |
| October 30 | 2:30 p.m. | Minnesota | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | L 14–41 | 28,158 |
| November 6 | 6:00 p.m. | No. 22 Iowa | Ryan FieldEvanston, IL | BTN | L 12–17 | 38,141 |
| November 13 | 11:00 a.m. | at No. 18 Wisconsin | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | ESPN2 | L 7–35 | 73,194 |
| November 20 | 11:00 a.m. | Purdue | Wrigley FieldChicago, IL | BTN | L 14–32 | 31,500 |
| November 27 | 2:30 p.m. | at Illinois | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (Land of Lincoln Trophy) | BTN | L 14–47 | 27,624 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP and CFP Rankings after November 2All times are in Central time |||||||
Source

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: RV = Received votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | Final |
| AP | RV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Coaches | RV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CFP | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | Not released | | | | | | | Not released |
# Jennifer Hawkrigg

Jennifer Hawkrigg (born 26 August 1996) is a Canadian snowboarder who competes internationally in the alpine snowboard discipline.

## Career

Hawkrigg has competed at two Senior World Championships in 2019 and 2021.
In January 2022, Hawkrigg was initially not named to Canada's 2022 Olympic team. However, after an appeal process, Hawkrigg along with three other snowboarders were added to the team in the parallel giant slalom event.