# Wicket-keeper

In cricket, the wicket-keeper is the player on the fielding side who stands behind the wicket, ready to stop deliveries that pass the batsman, and take a catch, stump the batsman out, or run out a batsman when occasion arises. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding side permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards. The role of the keeper is governed by Law 27 and of the Laws of Cricket.

## Stance

Initially, during the bowling of the ball the wicket-keeper crouches in a full squatting position but partly stands up as the ball is received. Australian wicket-keeper Sammy Carter (1878 to 1948) was the first to squat on his haunches rather than bend over from the waist (stooping).

## Purposes

The keeper's major function is to stop deliveries that pass the batsman (in order to prevent runs being scored as 'byes'), but he can also attempt to dismiss the batsman in various ways:
* The most common dismissal effected by the keeper is for him to catch a ball that has nicked the batsman's bat, called an edge, before it bounces. Sometimes the keeper is also in the best position to catch a ball that has been hit high in the air. More catches are taken by wicket-keepers than by any other fielding position.
* The keeper can stump the batsman by using the ball to remove the bails from the stumps, if the batsman is out of his crease after a delivery has passed the stumps into the keeper's hands. The keeper must then dislodge the bail(s) and the batsman is out if he is still outside the crease.
* When the ball is hit into the outfield, the keeper moves close to the stumps to catch the return throw from a fielder and, if possible, to run out a batsman by collecting the ball in his gloves and putting down the wicket.
* If the batter and non-striker attempt to run a bye following the batsman missing or not playing a shot the wicket-keeper can throw the ball at the stumps after he catches the delivery. In outfield cricket, it is a rare play due to the high chance of the non-striker being put out, but when it happens it is usually an important moment where the batting team is trying to desperately score a run to win or tie a game or to get the stronger batter in a partnership on strike so they can bat instead. This play is common during indoor cricket games due to the shorter distance the non-striker has to run and penalty for a wicket being runs, not the loss of the batter themselves. It is common for indoor cricket wicket-keepers to only wear a single glove in order to make throws to the non-striker's end easier to hit with.
* One of the only two instances of a obstructing the field dismissal in Test cricket occurred when a batter attempted to hit the ball away from a catch being taken by the keeper.
A keeper's position depends on the bowler: for fast bowling he will squat some distance from the stumps, in order to have time to react to edges from the batsman, while for slower bowling, he will come much nearer to the stumps (known as "standing up"), to pressure the batsman into remaining within the crease or risk being stumped. The more skilled the keeper, the faster the bowling to which he is able to "stand up", for instance Godfrey Evans often stood up to Alec Bedser.
Like the other players on a cricket team the keepers will bat during the team's batting innings. At elite levels, wicket-keepers are generally expected to be proficient batters averaging considerably more than specialist bowlers. This wicket-keeper-batsman form became popular in the 1990s as the Australian national team saw success when elevating Adam Gilchrist to the team after the retirement of Ian Healy. Healy averaged 27.39 and 4,356 runs total from his 119 Test matches, and is viewed as a specialist wicket-keeper who had improved his marginally effective batting toward the end of his career. Gilchrist on the other hand was a dominating, powerful batsman from the start, playing 96 Test matches with a 47.60 average with 5,570 total runs despite playing 23 fewer matches. Gilchrist's success effectively forced the specialist wicket-keeper into extinction at the top levels of the sport as teams could no long afford to pick a mediocre or poor batsman in the position as long as the player who was chosen could perform up to basic standards of the wicket-keeper position when fielding.

## Legal specifications of wicket-keeping gloves

Law 27.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that:
* If ... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support.
* If used, the webbing shall be a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks.
* The top edge of the webbing shall not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb and shall be taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended.

## Substitutes

Substitutes were previously not allowed to keep wicket, but this restriction was lifted in the 2017 edition of the Laws of Cricket.
This rule was sometimes suspended, by agreement with the captain of the batting side. For example, during the England–New Zealand Test match at Lord's in 1986, England's specialist keeper, Bruce French, was injured while batting during England's first innings. England then used four keepers in New Zealand's first innings: Bill Athey kept for the first two overs; 45-year-old veteran Bob Taylor was pulled out of the sponsor's tent to keep for overs 3 to 76; Bobby Parks, the Hampshire keeper, was called up for overs 77 to 140; and Bruce French kept wicket for the final ball of the innings.
Arthur Jones was the first substitute to keep wicket in a Test match, when he did so against Australia at The Oval in 1905. Virat Kohli once happened to substitute MS Dhoni, as the latter had to attend for his nature's call. This incident happened in 2015 during India vs Bangladesh ODI match.

## Playing without a wicket-keeper

There is no rule stating a team must play with a wicket-keeper. On 5 June 2015 during a T20 Blast game between the Worcestershire Rapids and the Northamptonshire Steelbacks, Worcestershire chose not to play a wicket-keeper in the 16th over of the match. Their keeper, Ben Cox, became an extra fielder at fly slip while spinner Moeen Ali bowled. The umpires consulted with each other and agreed that there was nothing in the Laws to prevent it from happening.

## Leading male international wicket-keepers
### Test

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Test cricket.
Leading Test match wicket-keepers by dismissals$^1$ :
| Rank | Name | Country | Matches | Caught | Stumped | Total dismissals |
| 1 | Mark Boucher | South Africa | 147 | 532 | 23 | 555 |
| 2 | Adam Gilchrist | Australia | 96 | 379 | 37 | 416 |
| 3 | Ian Healy | Australia | 119 | 366 | 29 | 395 |
| 4 | Rod Marsh | Australia | 96 | 343 | 12 | 355 |
| 5 | MS Dhoni | India | 90 | 256 | 38 | 294 |
| 6 | Brad Haddin | Australia | 66 | 262 | 8 | 270 |
| 6 | Jeff Dujon | West Indies | 81 | 265 | 5 | 270 |
| 8 | Alan Knott | England | 95 | 250 | 19 | 269 |
| 9 | BJ Watling | New Zealand | 75 | 257 | 8 | 265 |
| 10 | Matt Prior | England | 79 | 243 | 13 | 256 |
| Statistics are correct as of 11 July 2024 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of Tests played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. Some of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder. |||||||

### ODI

The following are the top wicket-keepers by total dismissals in one day cricket.
Leading one-day wicket-keepers by dismissals :
| Rank | Name | Country | Matches | Caught | Stumped | Total dismissals |
| 1 | Kumar Sangakkara | Sri Lanka | 404 | 383 | 99 | 482 |
| 2 | Adam Gilchrist | Australia | 287 | 417 | 55 | 472 |
| 3 | MS Dhoni | India | 350 | 321 | 123 | 444 |
| 4 | Mark Boucher | South Africa | 295 | 403 | 22 | 424 |
| 5 | Mushfiqur Rahim | Bangladesh | 271 | 237 | 56 | 293 |
| 6 | Moin Khan | Pakistan | 219 | 214 | 73 | 287 |
| 7 | Jos Buttler | England | 181 | 221 | 37 | 258 |
| 8 | Brendon McCullum | New Zealand | 260 | 227 | 15 | 242 |
| 9 | Ian Healy | Australia | 168 | 194 | 39 | 233 |
| 10 | Quinton de Kock | South Africa | 155 | 209 | 17 | 226 |
| Statistics are correct as of 11 July 2024 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of ODIs played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder. |||||||

### T20I

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Twenty20 International cricket.
Leading T20I wicket-keepers by dismissals :
| Rank | Name | Country | Matches | Caught | Stumped | Total dismissals |
| 1 | Quinton de Kock | South Africa | 92 | 84 | 18 | 102 |
| 2 | MS Dhoni | India | 98 | 57 | 34 | 91 |
| 3 | Irfan Karim | Kenya | 58 | 59 | 24 | 83 |
| 4 | Jos Buttler | England | 124 | 67 | 13 | 80 |
| 5 | Matthew Wade | Australia | 92 | 58 | 6 | 64 |
| 6 | Denesh Ramdin | West Indies | 71 | 43 | 20 | 63 |
| 7 | Mushfiqur Rahim | Bangladesh | 102 | 32 | 30 | 62 |
| 8 | Mohammad Shahzad | Afghanistan | 73 | 33 | 28 | 61 |
| 9 | Kamran Akmal | Pakistan | 58 | 28 | 32 | 60 |
| 10 | Scott Edwards | Netherlands | 64 | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| Statistics are correct as of 10 July 2024 Bold indicates current player Matches is the total number of T20Is played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket. A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder. |||||||