# APEC Papua New Guinea 2018

APEC Papua New Guinea 2018 was the year-long hosting of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings in Papua New Guinea.
It was the first time Papua New Guinea hosted the APEC meetings. Australia provided a quarter to a third of the cost to host the meetings and also helped with logistics and security (G4S). Three cruise ships were chartered through an Australian company to cater to the some 10,000 delegates and guests.
Many of the attendees and delegations had previously attended the 2018 East Asia Summit held from 11 to 15 November in Singapore, hosted by the Chairperson Lee Hsien Loong, the prime minister of Singapore. Thereafter, many of the state leaders, including Prime Minister Lee of Singapore, flew from Singapore to Papua New Guinea.

## Events
### Economic Leaders' Meeting
#### Attendees

This was the first APEC meeting for Chilean president Sebastián Piñera, Malaysian prime minister Mahathir Mohamad, and Australian prime minister Scott Morrison, since their inaugurations and appointments on 11 March 2018, 10 May 2018, and 24 August 2018, respectively; Piñera and Mahathir had previously attended multiple APEC meetings in their first term as president and prime minister, respectively. It was also the last APEC meeting for the host Papua New Guinea prime minister Peter O'Neill, who stepped down in 29 May 2019. Additionally, this was the last APEC meeting for Malaysian prime minister Mohamad and Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe, following their respective resignations in 2020 as the planned 2019 summit was cancelled due to the protests in Chile. While Nguyễn Xuân Phúc attended for the last time as the prime minister of Vietnam before he was elected president in 2021.
Five presidents did not attend the summit – Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto, Peruvian president Martín Vizcarra, Russian president Vladimir Putin, United States president Donald Trump, and Vietnamese president Nguyễn Phú Trọng. Peña Nieto was represented by Mexican Under Secretary of Foreign Trade Juan Carlos Baker, while Vizcarra sent Peruvian foreign minister Nestor Popolizio in his place. Putin was represented by former Russian president, now Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, while Trump sent Vice President Mike Pence in his place. Nguyễn Phú Trọng was represented by Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc respectively.
Attendees at the 2018 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting :
| Member economy | Name as used in APEC | Position | Name |
| Australia | Australia | Prime Minister | Scott Morrison |
| Brunei | Brunei Darussalam | Sultan | Hassanal Bolkiah |
| Canada | Canada | Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau |
| Chile | Chile | President | Sebastián Piñera |
| China | People's Republic of China | President | Xi Jinping |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong, China | Chief Executive | Carrie Lam |
| Indonesia | Indonesia | President | Joko Widodo |
| Japan | Japan | Prime Minister | Shinzō Abe |
| South Korea | Republic of Korea | President | Moon Jae-in |
| Malaysia | Malaysia | Prime Minister | Mahathir Mohamad |
| Mexico* | Mexico | Under Secretary of Foreign Trade | Juan Carlos Baker |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | Prime Minister | Jacinda Ardern |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea | Prime Minister | Peter O'Neill (host) |
| Peru* | Peru | Foreign Minister | Nestor Popolizio |
| Philippines | Philippines | President | Rodrigo Duterte |
| Russia* | Russia | Prime Minister | Dmitry Medvedev |
| Singapore | Singapore | Prime Minister | Lee Hsien Loong |
| Taiwan | Chinese Taipei | Special Representative of President | Morris Chang |
| Thailand | Thailand | Prime Minister | Prayut Chan-o-cha |
| United States* | The United States | Vice President | Mike Pence |
| Vietnam* | Viet Nam | Prime Minister | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc |
| (*) Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra, Russian President Vladimir Putin, United States President Donald Trump, and Vietnamese President Nguyễn Phú Trọng did not attend the leaders summit. Representatives of each country were sent to attend on their behalf. ||||

#### Invited Attendees

Leaders and representatives of Pacific Island nations were invited by Papua New Guinea to attend the "APEC Leaders' Dialogue with Pacific Island Leaders" on 17 November.
Pacific Island Attendees at the 2018 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting :
| Pacific Island attendee | Name | Position |
| Cook Islands | Henry Puna | Prime Minister |
| Fiji | Inoke Kubuabola | Minister for National Security and Defence |
| French Polynesia | Tearii Alpha | Minister of Primary Resource Development, Land Use, Development and Mining |
| Kiribati | David Ateti Teaabo | Special envoy for President Taneti Mamau |
| Marshall Islands | Hilda Heine | President |
| Micronesia | Peter M. Christian | President |
| Nauru | Baron Waqa | President |
| Niue | Toke Talagi | Premier |
| Samoa | Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi | Prime Minister |
| Solomon Islands | Rick Houenipwela | Prime Minister |
| Tonga | ʻAkilisi Pōhiva | Prime Minister |
| Tuvalu | Enele Sopoaga | Prime Minister |
| Vanuatu | Charlot Salwai | Prime Minister |

### Absence of declaration and aftermath

According to Reuters, "the leaders failed to agree on a communique at a summit in Papua New Guinea on Sunday for the first time in their history as deep divisions between the United States and China over trade and investment stymied cooperation." Also according to same article: "O’Neill said that as APEC host, he would release a Chairman’s Statement, though it was not clear when." O'Neill said that the talks broke down over language about the World Trade Organization while Reuters reported that the cause for the impasse was disagreement on portions of the draft communique relating to the WTO which mentioned opposing "unfair trade practices" and reforming the WTO, while another concerned sustainable development.

## Security

Much of the security for the meeting was provided by the Australian Defence Force (ADF) at an estimated cost of AUD130 million. The Papua New Guinea Government passed special legislation which gave unprecedented powers to foreign forces and security personnel to protect visiting leaders. The ADF supplied about 1500 personnel with airspace security provided by the Royal Australian Air Force and maritime security support provided by the Royal Australian Navy.
Other nations to provide security support to the summit included New Zealand, the United States, China, Canada, Japan and Indonesia. In total, about 2000 foreign military personnel were involved.
The New Zealand Defence Force provided the offshore Patrol Vessel HMNZS Otago with about 75 crew to assist with maritime security, a P-3 Orion detachment with 20 personnel to provide aerial surveillance, and up to 30 Special Operation Forces personnel. The United States Coast Guard provided in shore security in Port Moresby.