# Wrocław Airport

Wrocław Nicolaus Copernicus Airport (Polish: Port lotniczy Wrocław im. Mikołaja Kopernika) (IATA: WRO, ICAO: EPWR) is an international civil-military airport in Wrocław in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. It is Poland's 5th busiest airport. In 2023, it handled over 3.8 million passengers. The airport is located 10 km (6.2 mi) west of the city centre, at ul. Graniczna 190. It has one runway, one passenger terminal, one cargo terminal and one general aviation terminal. Wrocław Airport is also often used by Polish Air Force, US Air Force, NATO air force and Heavy Airlift Wing.

## History
### Early years

The airport was built in 1938 as Flugplatz Breslau-Schöngarten Airport for German military purposes before World War II, when the city was still part of Germany. It was the site of a military aviation school, the Luftkriegsschule Breslau-Schöngarten, later renamed Luftkriegsschule 5. Among the Luftwaffe units stationed here just before the war were the Sturzkampfgeschwader 77, Kampfgeschwader 76, and Kampfgeschwader 1 "Hindenburg".
It was operated briefly by Soviet forces following the war before being used for civilian purposes in 1945. Services were operated to Warsaw, Łódź, Poznań and Katowice. By 1992 destinations also included Kraków, Rzeszów, Gdańsk, Szczecin and Koszalin.
'Port Lotniczy Wrocław S. A.' was established as a company in January 1992 and Wrocław Airport assets operated by the state-owned Polish Airports authority were transferred to the company in January 1993.
The first international flights were inaugurated in January 1993, serving Frankfurt, Germany. Significant airport improvements have been completed in the late twentieth century. A new international departures terminal was opened in May 1997 followed by a new domestic terminal in November 1998.

### Developments since the 2000s

A cargo terminal, international arrivals hall, and installation of a new meteorological system were completed in 1999; new fire station and apron extensions in 2000. A new air traffic control tower and duty-free area followed in 2001.
On 6 December 2005, the airport was renamed after the famous astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik), who studied and received a scholarship in Wrocław, and was a scholaster of the Wrocław Collegiate Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew in the years 1503–1538. However, after a rebrand in 2014, the name has been dropped. Terminal extensions were officially opened on the same day, increasing the airport's capacity to 750,000 passengers per year. This capacity was quickly exceeded by several hundred thousand (in the first 9 months of 2007 the airport served 972,505 passengers) so the existing terminal space was expanded by 1,900 m$^2$ (20,451 sq ft) to alleviate some of the congestion, but more importantly make the terminal facilities conform to the requirements of the Schengen Agreement, which was implemented at Poland's airports on 31 March 2008. On 19 July 2006, the architectural firm JSK was chosen to design a significant airport expansion. This includes plans for a new passenger terminal (eventually, after several stages of expansion, the airport will be able to handle 7 million passengers yearly) and assorted taxiway, apron and navigation equipment improvements (ILS). Also, car parking will be expanded to 1,000 spaces. The first stage, increasing the passenger capacity to 3.5 million yearly, officially opened on 29 February 2012. However, the new terminal opened to passengers on 11 March 2012.
In May 2014, the HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) base was launched at the airport.
in 2015, Ryanair announced that it has selected Wrocław Airport for its aircraft maintenance base. The construction of the hangar to fit 2 C-type aircraft (Boeing 737) was finished in June 2017. The airport has upgraded to ILS system from category I to category II in April 2016.
Until it was reformed (30 June 2010), the 3rd Air Base, whose barracks complex adjoins the airport also used the main runway of the airport.
From 14 September 2020, the airport serves a regular cargo connection Wrocław - Cologne Bonn Airport carried out by ATR 72 plane by Swiftair for UPS. On November 16 - December 24, 2021, the second connection was carried out on this route, by Saab SF-340 plane by Airest.
In October 2022, Ryanair began the expansion of WAMS (Wrocław Aircraft Maintenance Services) with another hangar and two spaces for C-type aircraft (Boeing 737). The Airport also announced a number of projects including new taxiways, additional apron space and deicing designated space.
In November 2023, the airport started serving its first ever intercontinental flight - a LOT Polish Airlines service to Seoul Incheon Airport, which primarily serves Wrocław's Korean diaspora.

## Facilities

The airport operates modern domestic, international and cargo terminals. The international terminal contains a duty-free area in the international departures hall. The cargo terminal, located beside the airport fire station and air traffic control tower, has a storage area of 3,300 m$^2$ (36,000 sq ft), a bonded warehouse, freezer and radioactive materials warehouse.

## US Armed Forces Main Operating Base

Due to the existence of NATO garrisons nearby (Bolesławiec, Pstrąże, Świętoszów, Żagań), in which US troops have been stationed as part of the Atlantic Resolve operation since January 2017, Wroclaw airport is very often used by US Air Force transport aircraft (inter alia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Lockheed C-5 Galaxy). On 23 September 2019, in New York, the presidents of the US and Poland signed a declaration on the deepening of defense cooperation, in which Wrocław Airport was designated as the headquarters of the US Army air transport base.
The District Infrastructure Board from Wrocław in July 2020 announced a tender for the preparation of pre-project documentation regarding the preparation of infrastructure for the aerial port of debarkation (APOD). On 25 September 2020, a contract was signed with the winner of the tender, which has until 30 June 2021 to complete the task.

## Airlines and destinations

The following airlines serve regular scheduled and charter services to and from Wrocław:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Dolomiti | Frankfurt |
| Buzz | Seasonal charter: Heraklion |
| Enter Air | Charter: Antalya, Dubai–International, Hurghada Seasonal charter: Enfidha, Fuerteventura, Mombasa |
| KLM | Amsterdam |
| LOT Polish Airlines | Seoul–Incheon, Warsaw–Chopin |
| Lufthansa | Frankfurt, Munich |
| Norwegian Air Shuttle | Seasonal: Copenhagen |
| Ryanair | Agadir, Alicante, Beauvais, Bergamo, Billund, Bologna, Bournemouth, Bristol, Dublin, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Gdańsk, Glasgow, Leeds/Bradford, Liverpool, London–Stansted, Málaga, Malta, Manchester, Marseille, Naples, Palermo, Paphos, Porto, Rome–Fiumicino, Sandefjord, Shannon, Sofia, Stockholm–Arlanda, Treviso, Valencia Seasonal: Athens, Brindisi, Chania, Charleroi, Corfu, Dubrovnik, Girona, Lamezia Terme (begins 30 March 2025), Lisbon, Newcastle upon Tyne, Palma de Mallorca, Pescara (begins 1 June 2025), Pisa, Podgorica, Rijeka (begins 2 June 2025), Zadar |
| Scandinavian Airlines | Copenhagen (resumes 30 March 2025) |
| Smartwings | Seasonal: Marsa Alam Seasonal charter: Antalya, Tirana |
| Swiss International Air Lines | Zürich |
| Wizz Air | Barcelona, Bari, Basel/Mulhouse (begins 5 December 2025), Bucharest–Băneasa (begins 5 December 2025), Eindhoven, Chișinău (begins 20 August 2025), Kutaisi, Larnaca, London–Luton, London–Gatwick (begins 17 June 2025), Madrid (begins 6 December 2025), Málaga, Nice (begins 5 December 2025) Seasonal: Catania (begins 31 March 2026), Gran Canaria (begins 5 December 2025), Split, Tirana |

## Statistics

Following are the official airport annual traffic figures.
| Year | Passengers | Cargo (tonnes) | Movements | Comments |
| 1998 | 174 202 | 871 | 9 558 |
| 1999 | 191 502 | 628 | 10 333 |
| 2000 | 210 873 | 2 548 | 11 858 |
| 2001 | 237 705 | 1 172 | 7 430 |
| 2002 | 236 151 | 1 571 | 6 594 |
| 2003 | 284 334 | 1 183 | 12 384 |
| 2004 | 355 431 | 823 | 18 509 |
| 2005 | 454 047 | 1 378 | 20 556 |
| 2006 | 857 931 | 1 510 | 25 002 |
| 2007 | 1 270 825 | 1 458 | 26 948 |
| 2008 | 1 486 442 | 1 462 | 32 000 |
| 2009 | 1 365 456 | 1 031 | 25 472 |
| 2010 | 1 654 439 | 946 | 23 627 | 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull |
| 2011 | 1 657 472 | 957 | 25 339 |
| 2012 | 1 996 552 | 928 | 27 960 | UEFA Euro 2012 in Wrocław |
| 2013 | 1 920 179 | 910 | 24 958 |
| 2014 | 2 085 638 | 463 | 24 970 |
| 2015 | 2 320 000 | 391 | 24 510 |
| 2016 | 2 419 561 | 2 549 | 25 486 |
| 2017 | 2 855 071 | 1 025 | 27 737 |
| 2018 | 3 347 553 | 10 425 | 32 462 |
| 2019 | 3 548 089 | 11 061 | 32 967 |
| 2020 | 1 007 323 | 8 809 | 15 512 | COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | 1 418 836 | 11 211 | 18 812 |
| 2022 | 2 878 054 | 11 125 | 27 825 |
| 2023 | 3 891 553 | 10 413 | 32 360 |
| 2024 | 4 473 945 | 9 809 | 37 952 |

## Ground transportation
### Bus and coach

The airport is served by two city bus (MPK Wrocław) lines, which on their routes have many stops in the city. Line 106 (day) or 206 (night) connect to main railway station and main bus station. The journey time is 45 minutes. Line 129 through the estates Strachowice, Żerniki, Kuźniki, Gądów Mały, Popowice, Różanka, Karłowice, Poświętne with the northern part of the Psie Pole district. Line 129 also connects the airport with the nearest railway station - Wrocław Żerniki (Żernicka stop).

### Car

The airport also is served by traditional taxi corporations, as well as Uber, Bolt, iTaxi. The airport offers nearly 4,000 parking spaces. There are car rentals at the airport.

### Bike

There is a bike path that leads to the airport.

### Railway

There are plans to build a railway line between the airport and Wrocław Główny railway station. It would involve the construction of around a 2.5 km long spur from an existing railway line.
A tunnel and a railway station have been designed under the main terminal, and built at the time of its construction.