OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2025 in Europe

This is a list of events that have taken or will take place in Europe in 2025.

## Incumbents
### European Union

* Presidency of the Council of the EU:
** Poland (January–June)
** Denmark (July–December)

## Events

* 1 January
** Poland assumed the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Hungary.
** Bulgaria and Romania complete the process of joining the Schengen Area, lifting land border controls.
** Liechtenstein becomes the 39th country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.
** Ukraine halts the transportation of Russian gas supplies through the country, following the expiration of a five-year transit deal.
** Ukraine becomes a state party in the International Criminal Court.
* 3 January
** United Kingdom is under Multiple weather warnings such as an Amber Warning for Snow in northern England and a yellow ice warning in Scotland which is to be followed with a yellow snow warning on Sunday, 5 January also for Scotland
* 8 January–2 February – The 2025 World Men's Handball Championship in Croatia, Denmark and Norway.
* 12 January – 2024–25 Croatian presidential election (second round): Incumbent president Zoran Milanović wins a second term in office with 74% of the vote.
* 30 January – 2025 Balkan Boycotts a series of boycotts occurred in the Balkans over inflation.
* 9 February – 2025 Liechtenstein general election was held.
* 23 February – 2025 German federal election was held.
* 1 March – In Romania, Tens of thousands gather at an AUR protest in Bucharest in support of Călin Georgescu and against the annulment of the 2024 Romanian presidential election.
* 9 March – The Romanian Central Electoral Bureau rejects Călin Georgescu's candidacy for the 2025 Romanian presidential election, citing his failure to comply with electoral regulations that contributed to the annulment of the 2024 Romanian presidential election.
* 15 March – The Romanian Central Electoral Bureau rejects Diana Iovanovici Șoșoacă's candidacy for the 2025 Romanian presidential election. Becoming the second Far Right candidate to be excluded to run.

### Scheduled and Confirmed events

* 8 March–17 March – 2025 Special Olympics World Winter Games in Turin.
* 11 May – 2025 Albanian parliamentary election will be held.
* 4/18 May – 2025 Romanian presidential election will be held.
* 18 May – 2025 Polish presidential election will be held.
* 1 July – Bulgaria is expected to adopt the euro and become the 21st member state of the eurozone.
* 8 September – 2025 Norwegian parliamentary election will be held.
* October – 2025 Czech parliamentary election will be held.
* 27 October – 2025 Irish presidential election will be held.

## Deaths
### January

* January 2 - Ágnes Keleti, Hungarian artistic gymnast (b. 1921)
# Thaddeus Gibson

Thaddeus Gibson (born October 21, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL draft.
He was also a member of the San Francisco 49ers, Houston Texans, Washington Redskins, Chicago Bears, Tennessee Titans, Dallas Cowboys, Toronto Argonauts and Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

## Early life

Gibson attended Euclid High School in Euclid, Ohio, where he had 50 tackles, 17 sacks, 22 QB hurries, and two interceptions as a junior. In his senior year, he collected 39 total tackles, 10 quarterback sacks and eight tackles behind the line of scrimmage.
Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Gibson was listed the No. 9 outside linebacker prospect in the nation. He chose Ohio State over Michigan and Tennessee.

## College career

After redshirting his initial year at Ohio State, Gibson was part of three special teams units in 2007. He recorded 11 tackles, including 3 for a loss of yardage, as well as a quarterback sack and a forced fumble over the course of the season.
In his sophomore season, Gibson earned a place in the starting lineup at defensive end. He compiled 26 tackles, 9 tackles for a loss, and 5 sacks for the year.

## Professional career
### Pittsburgh Steelers

Gibson was selected with the fourth round pick of the Pittsburgh Steelers, 116th overall in the 2010 NFL Draft. Gibson appeared in two games before being waived on the Steelers' bye week.

### San Francisco 49ers

On November 1, 2010, Gibson was claimed off waivers by the San Francisco 49ers. He played two games with the 49ers and recorded two tackles and one forced fumble on special teams. Gibson was released by the 49ers prior to the 2011 season, on August 15.

### Washington Redskins

Gibson signed with the Washington Redskins on August 17, 2011, and was waived on September 3, 2011.

### Houston Texans

Gibson was signed to the practice squad of the Houston Texans on October 12, 2011. He was released on November 23, 2011.

### Chicago Bears

Gibson was signed to the practice squad of the Chicago Bears on November 30, 2011. He was promoted to the active roster on December 20, 2011 and appeared in two games. On August 26, 2012, the Bears released Gibson.

### Tennessee Titans

On October 17, 2012, the Tennessee Titans signed Gibson to the practice squad. On December 31, 2012, the Titans signed Gibson to a reserve/future contract. On August 11, 2013, he was waived by the Titans.

### Dallas Cowboys

On August 13, 2013, Gibson was claimed off waivers by the Dallas Cowboys. On August 31, 2013, he was released by the Cowboys.

### Toronto Argonauts

On May 7, 2014, Gibson signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.

### Winnipeg Blue Bombers

On September 2, 2014, Gibson was traded to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in exchange for defensive back Alex Suber.
# Rebecca Renner

Rebecca Renner (born Gainesville, Florida) is an American author, journalist, and non-fiction writer.

## Early life and education

She graduated from Stetson University with an MFA in fiction writing.

## Career

Renner was a high school English teacher. In 2019, Renner returned to Stetson as an adjunct instructor in creative writing.
Her work has appeared in National Geographic, The New York Times, Outside Magazine, Electric Lit, and Orlando Weekly. She spoke at a Key West Literary Seminar.
Her book Gator Country is about wildlife conservation. It’s a narrative nonfiction account of a wildlife officer who goes undercover to root out a poaching ring in the Florida Everglades. Gator Country was the 2024 Great Read from Florida with Library of Congress Center for the Book.

## Works

* Renner, Rebecca (2023-11-14). Gator Country. ISBN 978-1-250-84257-2.
# Group One

Group One, Group 1, Grade I or G1 is the term used for the highest level of Thoroughbred and Standardbred stakes races in many countries. In Europe, the level of races for Thoroughbred racing is determined using the Pattern race system introduced in 1971 and monitored by the European Pattern Committee. To attain or maintain a Group One status, the average rating for the first four finishers in the race must be 115 or higher over a three-year period. The International Federation of Horseracing Authorities works to ensure consistent international standards. Group One races may only be restricted to age groups or a stipulated sex: they should not be restricted to horses bred in a certain country (though there are regional exceptions to this rule). Group One (G1) races may be run under handicap conditions in Australia, but in Europe weight-for-age conditions always apply. In the case of Classic Races, as exampled by Britain's The Derby Stakes, The Oaks Stakes, 2000 Guineas, 1000 Guineas, St Leger, but equally relevant to Classics the world over such as America's Kentucky Derby, France's Prix du Jockey Club, Australia's Australian Derby, they are run under Set Weights conditions.
In the United States, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and British National Hunt racing "Grade I" is used instead; see List of British flat horse races. Race grading was introduced in North America in 1974.
These races, whether designated as "Group One" or "Grade I", are of international importance and attract the best horses. They also offer very large stake money. For example, the minimum purse for a Grade I race in North America in 2016 was $300,000. The minimum purse for a Group I race in Australia for 2016 was A$350,000.
# Murray Kane

Murray Kane (born Moses Simon Kaplan, May 26, 1915 – January 31, 1986) was an American Corporal, composer and band manager. As a performer, he was a member of the Crew Chiefs vocal group and the Glenn Miller Orchestra.

## Early life

Kane was born in 1915 in Brooklyn, New York. During high school, Kane hosted a radio show on WNEW alongside Hal Kanner.

## Career
### Early career

Around 1937–38, after graduating from high school, Kane and Kanner recruited a female vocalist and performed under the names of "The Manhattanites" and "Two Bees and A Honey". The group was later joined by Daisy Brennier, and they performed with Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians on the Chesterfield radio tour.

### Glenn Miller Orchestra

During World War II, Kane was a member of Glenn Miller's Army Air Force Orchestra, performing with them overseas for the duration of the war.

### The Crew Chiefs

Kane's military career originally saw him as a Private First Class officer in the US Army. In 1943, Kane formed The Crew Chiefs with Sergeant Steve Steck, Corporal Artie Malvin, and Privates Lynn Allison and Gene Steck. Around the same time, his rank was changed to that of Corporal. His despondency at this move led him to compose "Have Ya Got Any Gum, Chum?", quoting a popular phrase used between children and soldiers. Kane left the group in 1945.

### Management career

After leaving The Crew Chiefs, Kane became a talent scout in New York City. He managed and composed for the DeMarco Sisters and secured them as a permanent fixture on Fred Allen's radio show.
In 1950, Kane became the vocal arranger for The McGuire Sisters, after hearing them perform on Kate Smith's radio show. Kane's compositions and arrangements helped the group secure an audition (and contract) at Decca Records. Kane subsequently became their personal manager, and helped arrange their breakthrough performance on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. The group retired in 1968. Through his work with The McGuire Sisters, Kane also worked with The Kane Triplets, who later performed on The Jack Benny Show, The Ed Sullivan Show, The Mike Douglas Show, The Perry Como Show and The Tonight Show. In 1984, Kane restarted The McGuire Sisters' career with a song entitled "The Second Time Around".

## Later life and death

Kane moved to Las Vegas in 1975. He died in Las Vegas on January 31, 1986, at the age of 70.
# Woo Hye-mi

Woo Hye-mi (Korean: 우혜미; April 6, 1988 – September 21, 2019), also known by her stage name Miwoo (Korean: 미우), was a South Korean singer. She was known as one of the final four contestants on the 2012 talent show series The Voice of Korea.
On September 21, 2019, Woo was found dead in her home.

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| s.s.t | Released: August 19, 2019 Label: Downtown E&M Formats: CD, digital download | — | — |
| "—" denotes release did not chart. ||||

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Sales | Album |
| Title | Year | KOR | Sales | Album |
| As lead artist |||||
| "Stand Up for You" with Son Seung-yeon, U Sung-eun, Ji Se-hui | 2012 | 94 | KOR: 35,209 | The Voices |
| "Broken Doll" (못난이 인형) | 2015 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Egg" feat. Nucksal | 2017 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Rotten Flower" (꽃도 썩는다) | 2019 | — | — | s.s.t |
| "s.s.t (sweet short time)" | 2019 | — | — | s.s.t |
| As featured artist |||||
| "Kaleidoscope" (주마등) Leessang feat. Miwoo | 2015 | 3 | KOR: 423,189 | Non-album single |
| "Get Some Air" (바람이나 좀 쐐) Gary feat. Miwoo | 2015 | 1 | KOR: 1,002,316 | 2002 |
| "Tantara" (딴따라) Gary feat. Miwoo | 2016 | — | — | Non-album single from Entertainer soundtrack |
| "—" denotes release did not chart. |||||

## Filmography

| Date | Title | Role | Network |
| 2012 | The Voice of Korea | Herself | Mnet |
# 1940 Arkansas Razorbacks football team

The 1940 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1940 college football season. In their 12th under head coach Fred Thomsen, the Razorbacks compiled a 4–6 record (1–5 against SWC opponents), finished in sixth place in the SWC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 174 to 112.
Arkansas was ranked at No. 67 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Central State (OK)* | Bailey StadiumFayetteville, AR | W 38–0 | |
| October 5 | at TCU | Amon G. Carter StadiumFort Worth, TX | L 0–20 | |
| October 12 | Baylor | Bailey StadiumFayetteville, AR | W 12–6 | 6,500 |
| October 19 | No. 14 Texas | Quigley StadiumLittle Rock, AR (rivalry) | L 0–21 | 11,000 |
| October 26 | vs. No. 14 Ole Miss* | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN (rivalry) | W 21–20 | 15,000 |
| November 2 | at No. 5 Texas A&M | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX (rivalry) | L 0–17 | |
| November 9 | Rice | Bailey StadiumFayetteville, AR | L 7–14 | 7,000 |
| November 16 | at No. 20 SMU | Ownby StadiumUniversity Park, TX | L 0–28 | |
| November 21 | at No. 15 Fordham* | Polo GroundsNew York, NY | L 7–27 | 16,500 |
| November 28 | at Tulsa* | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | W 27–21 | 15,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Fantasy (Nadia Ali song)

"Fantasy" is the fourth single from American singer-songwriter Nadia Ali's solo debut album Embers. It was released on April 27, 2010 by Smile in Bed Records.

## Background

"Fantasy" is written by Nadia Ali and produced by Ali and the DJ duo Sultan and Ned Shepard. It was chosen as a single from Embers by fans after a poll conducted by Ali on her Facebook page between "Fantasy" and "Point the Finger".
Ali has spoken about "Fantasy" that she always wanted it as a single as she felt the song had really powerful emotions. She mentioned that the track sums her up as how she wants to be recognized "an emotional songwriter who loves being a part of electronic music".
The Morgan Page remix of "Fantasy" went on to be nominated in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category at the 53rd Grammy Awards.

## Music video

The music video for "Fantasy" was directed by Ryan Littman and Berman Fenelus and filmed at the Tribeca Cinemas in New York in April, 2010. The concept of the video was the transformation and elevation of Ali as the 'Queen of Clubs'. The theme of the video was used to promote Ali's upcoming greatest hits collection,Queen of Clubs Trilogy: The Best of Nadia Ali Remixed.
The idea of the video was to show the culture which Ali's music embodies. There are four main sequences to the song, the first showing Ali singing the song, the second shows Ali dancing with male backup dancers, while the third shows her singing with her arms enwrapped and tied to black cloth hanging from the wall. The climax of the video shows Ali seated on a table with turntables and the Kings of Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds seated around her. The scenes were intercut with each other and special effects created using Parafluid, a magnetic fluid used to create fractile-based structures. Ali wears 4 different couture pieces in the music video, which were custom designed or runway pieces by up-and-coming New York designers.
Debuting the Morgan Page remix of the song, the video premiered on May 25, 2010 on YouTube. On July 28, 2010, Ali released an alternative music video featuring the album version of the song. This video features almost entirely new footage, and is in black and white. Intersecting scenes of clouds, Nadia with her Kings of Spades and Clubs, the video also features famed contortionist Jonathan Nosan.

## Track listing

* Fantasy - EP
* Fantasy (Extended Club Remixes)
* Fantasy Remixes, Pt.2
* Fantasy (Extended Club Remixes) Pt.2
# Taha Najmuddin

Shahzada Syedi Taha Najmuddin (Arabic: طٰه نجْمُ الدِّين) is the second son of Mufaddal Saifuddin, the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. He is a Senior Professor in Arabic at Al Jamea tus Saifiyah and heads a number of socio-economic institutions of the Dawoodi Bohra community.

## Early life

Taha Najmuddin was born on 28 March 1975 in Mumbai, India. His primary education took place in Saifee Mahal, Mumbai under personal tutelage of his grandfather, Mohammed Burhanuddin and his father, Mufaddal Saifuddin. He attended MSB Educational Institute and graduated as Al-Faqih al-Jayyid (MA) in Islamic Fatemi Literature (Arabic: الفقيه الجيد) from Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in 1996. He completed the memorization of the Quran in 1999 and is also a professor at Al Jamea tus Saifiyah.

## Lineage

Najmuddin is a direct descendant of the Islamic Prophet Mohammed, who was himself a descendant of the Prophet Abraham, through an unbroken chain of noble and august ancestry. His heritage to the Prophet Mohammed traces back through the Prophet's daughter, Fatima al-Zahra, and her husband Ali ibn Abi Talib. From Fatima and Ali, the line continues through their son, Imam Hussein, and the subsequent Imams in the Ismaili tradition up to the fifth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq. Najmuddin's ancestors include Mir Mahamad Ali, Fakhr al-Din Shaheed, Abd al-Qadir Hakimuddin, Khanji Pheer and Syedi Lukman who were direct descendants of Ja'far al-Sadiq.

## Career

Taha Najmuddin regularly accompanies Mufaddal Saifuddin on his travels and oversees various socio-economic initiatives of the Dawoodi Bohra community. He administers the following departments:
* Sigah al-Yemen (President): Management of the affairs of community members in Yemen.
* SBUT Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust (Vice-Chairman, 2014) - Bhendi Bazaar redevelopment project.
* Anjuman e Shiate Ali (Vice President) - Managing the affairs of Dawoodi Bohra of Mumbai.
* FMB - Faiz ul Mawaid al Burhaniyah - A global food initiative serving daily meals to community members.
* MSB - Al Madrasa tus Saifiya tul Burhaniyah - Community schools worldwide.
* Sigah al-KUN (President) - Pilgrimages to Najaf & Karbala.
* Upliftment & Fostership Programme - A campaign and outreach program which sees volunteers travel to cities and villages across South Asia and East Africa in order to uplift and foster critically low-income families within the community.
Najmuddin is also a signatory of the Amman Message along with his brother Ja'far us Sadiq Imaduddin.

## Recognition and awards

* India: On 15 May 2015 (27 Rajab 1436 Hijri) - he was given the cognomen "Najmuddin" (Arabic: نجم الدين) by Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin.
* India: He was conferred two of the highest degrees of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah; "Thiqah al-Da'wah al-Taiybiyyah" (Arabic: ثقة الدعوة الطيبية; translation: The trusted of the Taiyebi Da'wah) and the degree of "al-'Aleem al-Baare' " (Arabic: العليم البارع; Translation: The Outstandingly Learned) on 3 May 2016 (27 Rajab 1437 Hijri).
# Monkey hate

Monkey hate is a form of sadism where humans have a hatred for monkeys and take pleasure in their suffering. The phenomenon drew public attention after a global monkey torture ring was uncovered by the BBC in 2023.
Baby macaque monkeys are primarily targeted. Monkeys are often referred to by monkey haters as "tree rats".

## Occurrence and arrests

Videos of monkeys being tortured or abused have been commonly uploaded to social media platforms such as YouTube and Facebook. According to a September 2021–May 2023 study by Asia for Animals’ Social Media Animal Cruelty Coalition (SMACC), videos by pet macaque owners had a total of 12.05 billion views online, with 12 percent of these videos involving intentional physical torture, 13 percent involving psychological abuse, and 60 percent involving direct physical abuse. Video titles have often contained broken English phrases such as "million pity" and "million sadness".
In 2021, a United States-based Telegram monkey torture group, Million Tears, was closed down after being brought to public attention. The group had about thirty members, who would pay owners of monkeys to carry out abuse on them. In 2023, a continuation of the group, Ape's Cage, which involved around four hundred members, was uncovered by the BBC. Video operators who carried out the monkey torture were primarily based in Indonesia, while the members of the group were largely American and from other Western countries. Torture methods ranged from submerging monkeys in ice water to killing them in blenders, sawing them in half, or cutting off their tails and limbs.
Several notable members of Ape's Cage have been arrested, including American Michael McCartney (known as "Torture King") and two British women, Holly LeGresley and Adriana Orme. Two Indonesian men also received prison sentences for their involvement. "Mr. Ape", the pseudonymous leader of the group, has not been publicly identified.
Animal welfare organizations such as Action for Primates and Lady Freethinker have been involved in investigating monkey hate groups.

## Causes

According to SMACC, long-tailed macaques are particularly targeted for abuse, in part due to negative opinions of them in countries where they are native. Negative interactions between humans and wild macaques have increased as humans take over monkey habitats. Macaques are often condemned as pests with no or inadequate legal protection.
The Independent reported that macaques are used in abuse videos "because of perceived close similarities to human babies". Dave Gooptar, who helped investigate Ape's Cage, has stated his belief that monkeys are used by sexual sadists as a proxy for children.
# Dum Dum Cantonment railway station

Dum Dum Cantonment is a Kolkata Suburban Railway station in Dum Dum. Its code is DDC. The Dum Dum Cantonment metro station is adjacent to Dum Dum Cantonment railway station. It was named by the Cantonment area near Dum Dum. It serves Subhas Nagar, Gorabazar, Kumarpara, Natun Bazar and surrounding Dum Dum Cantonment areas.
Dum Dum Cantonment is located on Sealdah–Hasnabad–Bangaon–Ranaghat line of Kolkata Suburban Railway. Link between Dum Dum to Khulna now in Bangladesh, via Bangaon was constructed by the Bengal Central Railway Company in 1882–84. The Sealdah–Dum Dum–Barasat–Ashok Nagar–Bangaon sector was electrified in 1963–64. It had been also a station of Kolkata Circular Railway between 2006 and 2016, after closure and dismantling of Dum Dum Cantonment - Biman Bandar section it is removed from Kolkata Circular Railway stations.

## Station complex

The station consists of three platforms. The platform is very much well sheltered with newly installed seating arrangements and fans.

## Connections
### Auto

8 Auto services are available from this station. Autos are available towards Nagerbazar More, Promod Nagar Bazar, Mathkal, Shibtala, Matish Roy Setu, 1 no. Airport Gate, Sukur Ali More and Dudhpukur.

### Bus

Bus route number 30D serves the station which runs from Dum Dum Cantonment to Babughat.

### Metro

Under construction Dum Dum Cantonment metro station of Yellow Line is situated just beside of it. It will be connected through footover bridge.

### Air

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is just 3.9 km away from the station which was previously connected through Rail between 2006 and 2016. But after 2016 it was closed and dismantled. Currently only connection with it, is auto. But in future it will be connected also through Yellow Line.