# Next Japanese general election

General elections are scheduled to be held in Japan no later than 27 October 2028 to elect all 465 seats of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet. Voting will take place in all constituencies, including 289 single-seat electoral districts and 176 proportional blocks.
The 2024 general election resulted in a hung parliament and the formation of a minority government led by Liberal Democratic Party-Komeito coalition under Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. An election may occur before the scheduled date if the Prime Minister dissolves Parliament for a snap election or if the House of Representatives passes a motion of no confidence in the government. Early elections are more likely during minority governments, as the Prime Minister does not command a majority in the House of Representatives.

## Background

The 2024 general election resulted in the loss of majority of the Liberal Democratic Party-Komeito governing coalition under Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba.
The election will likely take place after:
* 2025 Japanese House of Councillors election (scheduled in summer 2025)

## Electoral system

The 465 seats of the House of Representatives are contested via parallel voting. Of these, 289 members are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting, while 176 members are elected in 11 multi-member constituencies via party list proportional representation. Candidates from parties with legal political party-list, which requires either ≥5 Diet members or ≥1 Diet member and ≥2% of the nationwide vote in one tier of a recent national election, are allowed to stand in a constituency and be present on the party list. If they lose their constituency vote, they may still be elected in the proportionally allocated seats. However, if such a dual candidate wins less than 10% of the vote in their majoritarian constituency, they are also disqualified as a proportional candidate.

## Political parties

| Parties | Parties | Leader(s) | Ideology | Ideology | Seats | Seats | Status |
| Parties | Parties | Leader(s) | Ideology | Ideology | Last election | Current | Status |
| | Liberal Democratic Party | Shigeru Ishiba | Conservatism Japanese nationalism | Conservatism Japanese nationalism | 191 / 465 | 191 / 465 | Governing coalition |
| | Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan | Yoshihiko Noda | Liberalism | Liberalism | 148 / 465 | 148 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Nippon Ishin no Kai | Hirofumi Yoshimura Seiji Maehara | Conservatism Libertarianism | Conservatism Libertarianism | 38 / 465 | 38 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Democratic Party For the People | Motohisa Furukawa | Conservatism | Conservatism | 28 / 465 | 28 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Komeito | Tetsuo Saito | Buddhist democracy | Buddhist democracy | 24 / 465 | 24 / 465 | Governing coalition |
| | Reiwa Shinsengumi | Tarō Yamamoto | Progressivism Left-wing populism | Progressivism Left-wing populism | 9 / 465 | 9 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Japanese Communist Party | Tomoko Tamura | Communism | Communism | 8 / 465 | 8 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Sanseitō | Sohei Kamiya | Right-wing populism Ultraconservatism | Right-wing populism Ultraconservatism | 3 / 465 | 3 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Conservative Party of Japan | Naoki Hyakuta | Right-wing populism Ultraconservatism | Right-wing populism Ultraconservatism | 3 / 465 | 3 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Social Democratic Party | Mizuho Fukushima | Social democracy | Social democracy | 1 / 465 | 1 / 465 | Opposition |
| | Independents and others | — | — | — | 12 / 465 | 12 / 465 | Mixed |