# List of battles involving the Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat, marking the beginning of Mughal dominance. Babur went on to defeat the powerful Rajput confederacy of Rana Sanga in his decisive victory in the Battle of Khanwa, which solidified Mughal rule in India. The empire continued to expand, reaching its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Aurangzeb.

## Background

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to fulfill his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then steadily advanced southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat. However, by this time, Lodhi's empire was already crumbling, and the Rajput Confederacy was the strongest power in Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar.
Rana Sanga defeated Babur in the Battle of Bayana. However, in a decisive battle fought near Agra, Babur’s Timurid forces defeated Sanga’s Rajput army in the Battle of Khanwa. This battle was one of the most significant and historic battles in Indian history, as it determined the fate of Northern India for the next two centuries. The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent during the reign of Aurangzeb.

## Babur

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
| First Battle of Panipat (21 April 1526) | Mughal Empire | Delhi Sultanate | Mughal victory Establishment of Mughal Empire |
| Battle of Bayana (21 February 1527) | Mughal Empire | Rajput Confederation | Rajput victory |
| Battle of Khanwa (16 March 1527) | Mughal Empire | Rajput Confederation | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Chanderi (20 January 1528) | Mughal Empire | Rajput | Mughal victory Mughals annexed Malwa |
| Battle of Ghaghra (6 May 1529) | Mughal Empire | Bengal Sultanate | Mughal victory Mughal annexed Bihar |

## Humayun

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Chausa (26 June 1539) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Sur victory |
| Battle of Kannauj (17 May 1540) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Sur victory Humayun defeated by Sher Shah Suri, flees from India and takes refuge in Safavid Persia |
| Battle of Machhiwara (15 May 1555) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Sirhind (22 June 1555) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Mughal victory Re-Establishment of Mughal Empire |

## Akbar

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerents | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Tughlaqabad (7 October 1556) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Hemchandra's Victory |
| Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Mughal victory |
| Mughal conquest of Garha (1564–1567) | Mughal Empire | Garha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Mughal conquest of Malwa (1560–1570) | Mughal Empire | Malwa Sultanate | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Thanesar (1567) (9 April 1567) | Mughal Empire | Two Great warrior clans Sanyasis | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Chittorgarh (1567-1568) | Mughal Empire | Mewar Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Ranthambore (1568) (8 February – 21 March 1568) | Mughal Empire | Rajput of Ranthambore Fort | Mughal victory |
| Mughal Conquest of Sindh (1572-1592) | Mughal Empire | Tarkhan dynasty | Mughal Victory' Sindh Falls to [[Mughal Empire| |
| Akbar's conquest of Gujarat (1572–1573) | Mughal Empire | Gujarat Sultanate | Mughal victory Mughal annexation of Gujarat |
| Mughal invasion of Bengal (1572–1576) | Mughal Empire | Sultanate of Bengal | Mughal victory Mughal Annexation of Bengal |
| Battle of Tukaroi (1575) | Mughal Empire | Sultanate of Bengal | Mughal victory Part of Mughal invasion of Bengal |
| Battle of Raj Mahal (1576) | Mughal Empire | Sultanate of Bengal | Mughal victory Part of Mughal invasion of Bengal |
| Battle of Haldighati (1576) | Mughal Empire | Kingdom of Mewar | Mughal victory Mughal Army failed to capture Maharana Pratap |
| Mughal invasions of Mewar (1580-1583) | Mughal Empire | Kingdom of Mewar | Rajput victory Dewair, Amet, Madariaya, Kumbhalgarh and Western Mewar captured by Maharana Pratap Mughal forces surrendered in the Battle of Dewair |
| Mughal invasions of Mewar (1584-1585) | Mughal Empire | Kingdom of Mewar | Rajput victory Maharana Pratap defeated the last standing Mughal army at Som river |
| Mughal conquest of Kashmir (1585–1589) | Mughal Empire | Kashmir Sultanate Supported by: Kishtwar Kingdom | Mughal Victory' Mughal Annexed Kashmir |
| Battle of the Malandari Pass (1586) | Mughal Empire | Yousufzai Afghans | Yousufzai Afghans victory Raja Birbal was killed with entire Mughal forces. |
| Battle of Hastivanj (1586) | Mughal Empire | Kashmir Sultanate | Mughal victory Dissolution of Kashmir Sultanate |
| Battle of Bhuchar Mori (1591) | Mughal Empire | Gujarat Sultanate | Mughal victory Dissolution of Gujarat Sultanate |

## Jahagir

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
| Siege of Kandahar (1605-1606) | Mughal Empire | Safavid Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Dewair (1606) | Mughal Empire | Kingdom of Mewar | Indecisive |
| Conquest of Bakla (1611) | Mughal Empire | Chandradwip Kingdom | Mughal Victory' Chandradwip Kingdom formally annexed to Mughal Bengal |
| Battle of Bharali (1615 CE) | Mughal Empire | Ahom Kingdom | Ahom victory |
| Battle of Samdhara (1616 CE) | Mughal Empire | Ahom Kingdom | Ahom victory |
| Battle of Rohilla (1621) | Mughal Empire | Sikhs | Sikh victory Guru Hargobind led Sikhs to defeat Mughal army |
| Mughal-Safavid War (1622-1623) | Mughal Empire | Safavid Empire | Safavid victory Kanadhar recaptured by Safavids |
| Battle of Bhatvadi (1624) | Mughal Empire | Ahmednagar Sultanate Bijapur Sultanate | Ahmednagar victory |

## Shah Jahan

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
| Siege of Hooghly (1632) | Mughal Empire | Portuguese Empire | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Daulatabad (1633) | Mughal Empire | Bijapur Sultanate Ahmednagar Sultanate | Mughal Victory' |
| Siege of Parenda (1634) | Mughal Empire | Bijapur Sultanate Ahmednagar Sultanate | Bijapur-Ahmednagar Victory |
| Battle of Amritsar (1634) | Mughal Empire | Sikhs | Sikh victory |
| Battle of Lahira (1634) | [ Mughal Empire | Sikhs | Sikh victory |
| Battle of Kartarpur (1635) | Mughal Empire | Sikhs | Sikh victory |
| Siege of Nagpur (1637) | Mughal Empire | Kingdom of Deogarh | Mughal Victory' |
| Mughal Central Asia Campaign (1646–1647) | Mughal Empire | Khanate of Bukhara | Indecisive |
| Mughal-Safavid War (1649-1653) | Mughal Empire | Safavid Empire | Safavid victory |
| Siege of Bidar (1657) | Mughal Empire | Bijapur Sulatnate | Mughal victory |
| Raid of Ahmednagar (1657) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Confederacy | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Dharmat (1658) | Mughal Empire | Rebels led by Aurangzeb | Aurangzeb's victory |
| Battle of Samugarh (1658) | Dara Shikoh Shah Jahan | Aurangzeb | Aurangzeb's victory Coronation of the Aurangzeb as Mughal Emperor |
| Battle of Khajwa (1659) | Aurangzeb | Shah Shuja | Aurangzeb's victory |

## Aurangzeb

| Name of conflict (time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Chakan (1660) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Mir Jumla's invasion of Assam (1663) | Mughal Empire | Ahom Kingdom | Mughal victory Mughals takeover the capital Garhgaon |
| Battle of Surat (1665) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha Victory |
| Battle of Purandar (1665) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Raid of Ahmednagar (1657) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Jat Rebellion (1667–1723) | Mughal Empire | Jats | Mughal Victory' |
| Battle of Alaboi (1669) | Mughal Empire | Ahom Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Tilpat (1669) | Mughal Empire | Jats | Mughal Victory' |
| Battle of Sinhagad (1670) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Saraighat (1671) | Mughal Empire | Ahom Kingdom | Ahom victory |
| Battle of Salher (1672) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Shivneri Fort (1673) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Shivneri Fort (1678) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Bhupalgarh (1679) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Rathore rebellion (1679–1707) | Kingdom of Marwar and Kingdom of Mewar | Mughal Empire | Rajput victory |
| Sacking of Burhanpur (1681) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Siege of Janjira (1682) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Itakhuli (1682) | Ahom Kingdom | Mughal Empire | Ahom victory |
| Battle of Kalyan (1682–1683) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Maratha invasion of Goa (1683) | Mughal Empire Portuguese India | Maratha Kingdom | Inconclusive |
| Siege of Ramsej (1682–1688) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Anglo-Mughal War (1684–1690) | Mughal Empire | British EIC | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Bijapur (1685– 1686) | Mughal Empire | Bijapur Sultanate | Mughal victory Mughal Empire annexed all territories ruled by Adil Shahi Dynasty |
| Siege of Golconda (1687) | Mughal Empire | Golconda Sultanate | Mughal victory Mughal Empire annexed Qutb Shahi dynasty |
| Battle of Wai (1687) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Raigarh (1689) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Athani (1690) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Nadaun (1691) | Mughal Empire | Sikhs Chandel of Kahlur | Sikh And Chandel victory |
| Battle of Guler (1696) | Mughal Empire | Sikhs | Sikh victory |
| Siege of Jinji (1698) | Mughal Empire Madurai Nayak Dynasty | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal- Madurai victory |
| Battle of Paranda (1699) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Satara (1699–1700) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Anandpur (1700) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Anandpur (1701) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Khelna (1701–1702) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Basoli (1702) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| First Battle of Chamkaur (1702) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Raigarh (1703-1704) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Sironj (1704) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Torna (1704) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Anandpur (1704) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Sarsa (1704) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Chamkaur (1704) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Mughal victory Mughal Army failed to capture Guru Gobind Singh |
| Siege of Wagingera (1704) | Mughal Empire | Maratha Kingdom | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Muktsar (1705) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |

## Bahadur Shah I and Farrukhsiyar

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerents | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Jajau (1707) | Mughals under Bahadur Shah I Supported by Khalsa (Sikhs) | Mughals under Azam Shah | Bahadur Shah Victory Part of Mughal war of succession (1707) Bahadur Shah I was crowned as the Mughal emperor |
| Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 (21 April 1708 – 11 June 1710) | Kingdom of Marwar Kingdom of Amber Supported By Kingdom of Mewar | Mughal Empire | Rajput victory |
| Battle of Sonipat (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Samana (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Chappar Chiri 1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Sadhaura (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Rahon (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Jalalabad (1710) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Thanesar (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Lohgarh (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Thanesar (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Lohgarh (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Bandanwara (1711) | Mewar Kingdom | Mughal Empire | Mewar victory |
| Battle of Jammu (1712) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Lohgarh (1712) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Kiri Pathan (1714) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Siege of Gurdas Nangal (1715) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory Mughal army captured Banda Singh Bahadur after 8 month long siege |

## Muhammad Shah

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerents | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Balapur (1720) | Mughal empire(Nizamul Mulk) | Sayyid Brothers Maratha Confederacy | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Fatehpur Sikri (1721) | Mughal Empire | Jats | Jats victory |
| Battle of Shakar Kheda (1724) | Mughal Empire | Nizam of Hyderabad Maratha Empire | Nizam-Maratha Victory |
| Battle of Palkhed (1728) | Mughal Empire Nizam of Hyderabad | Maratha Confederacy | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Bundelkhand (1729) | Maratha Confederacy Kingdom of Bundelkhand | Mughal Empire | Maratha-Bundela victory |
| Battle of Bhopal (1737) | Mughal Empire Hyderabad Nizamshahi Kingdom of Awadh Kingdom of Jaipur Kingdom of Kota Other Mughal chiefs | Maratha Confederacy | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Khyber Pass (1738) | Mughal Empire | Afsharid dynasty | Persian victory |
| Battle of Karnal (1739) | Mughal Empire Hyderabad Oudh | Afsharid Iran Kingdom of Kakheti | Afsharid dynasty victory Delhi Sacked and Looted Decline of Mughal Empire |
| Battle of Gangwana (1741) | Kingdom of Jaipur Reinforced By Mughal Empire Kingdom of Bharatpur Kingdom of Bundi Kingdom of Kota Kingdom of Karauli Kingdom of Shahpura | Rathores of Bakht Singh | Indecisive |
| Battle of Lahore (1748) | Mughal Empire | Durrani Empire | Durrani Empire victory |
| Battle of Manupur (1748) | Mughal Empire Kingdom of Jaipur Sikh Misls | Durrani Empire | Mughal Alliance victory Ahmad Shah Durrani first invasion repulsed by Mughals alliance |

## Later battles of the Mughal Empire during its decline

| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerents | opponent | outcome |
| Battle of Lahore (1752) | Mughal Empire | Durrani Empire | Durrani victory |
| Plunder of Old Delhi (1753) | Mughal Empire Maratha Confederacy Kingdom of Rohilkhand | Kingdom of Bharatpur Oudh State | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Kumher (1754) | Kingdom of Bharatpur | Mughal Empire Maratha Confederacy | Bharatpur victory |
| Bengal War (1756–1765) | Mughal Empire Nawab of Audh Bengal Subah | British East India Company | British victory |
| Sack of Delhi (1757) | Mughal Empire | Durrani Empire | Durrani victory Kashmir, Lahore, Multan, Sirhind, and all territories west of the Indus river are annexed by the Durrani Empire |
| Battle of Delhi (1757) | Mughal Empire Kingdom of Rohilkhand | Maratha Confederacy | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Taraori (1759) | Maratha Confederacy Mughal Empire | Durrani Empire | Durrani victory |
| Siege of Agra (1761) | Mughal Empire | Bharatpur State | Bharatpur victory |
| Battle of Buxar (1764) | Mughal Empire Nawab of Audh Bengal Subah | British East India Company | British victory |
| Battle of Delhi (1764) | Kingdom of Bharatpur Supported by Dal Khalsa | Kingdom of Rohilkhand Mughal Empire | Bharatpur-Maratha victory |
| Capture of Delhi (1771) | Maratha Confederacy | Mughal Empire Kingdom of Rohilkhand | Maratha victory |
| Battle of Delhi (1783) | Mughal Empire | Sikh Misls | Sikhs victory Construction of Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib |
| Siege of Delhi (1804) | Maratha Confederacy | Mughal Empire British East India Company | British victory |
| Battle of Badli-ki-Serai (1857) | Mughal Empire | East India Company | British victory |
| Battle of Najafgarh (1857) | Mughal Empire | British East India Company | British victory |
| Battle of Agra (1857) | British East India Company | Mughal Empire | British victory |
| Siege of Delhi (1857) | Mughal Empire | British East India Company | British victory |