OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tuscan cuisine

Tuscan cuisine refers to the culinary traditions of the Tuscan region in Italy celebrated for its simplicity and focus on fresh, high-quality ingredients like olive oil, legumes, and meats. Rooted in cucina povera (Italian for 'cuisine of the poor'), it emphasizes seasonal ingredients and straightforward flavors over complex sauces and spices.
Tuscany is also home to some of the most famous wines in the world such as Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
Bread plays a very important role in Tuscan cuisine. One specialty of Tuscan cuisine is a white, plain, unsalted bread. This bread accompanies all foods. This bread has its origin in the 16th century when salt was heavily taxed.

## History

Tuscan cuisine is a blend of Etruscan and Roman cooking traditions. The Etruscans, who inhabited the region before the rise of Rome, were skilled in viticulture, cultivating grapes and producing their own wines. They also foraged for truffles, an ingredient that became a prized element in their cooking.
The foundations of Tuscan cuisine began to take shape during the Renaissance, particularly under the influence of the Medici family. The Medici not only elevated the quality and sophistication of Tuscan food but also impacted French cuisine through Catherine de' Medici, who brought Tuscan culinary techniques and ingredients to France when she married King Henry II.
In Tuscany's countryside, the tradition of "riuso" developed, driven by the philosophy of "not throwing anything away." This approach led to a resourceful use of ingredients, inspiring iconic dishes like ribollita and panzanella, which transform simple, leftover ingredients into hearty meals.

## Breads

* Pane di patate della Garfagnana
* Pane sciocco
* Pane Toscano

## Dishes

* Bistecca alla fiorentina
* Acquacotta
* Agnellotti
* Ribollita
* Panzanella

## Cured meats

* Prosciutto toscano
* Pancetta
* Capocollo

## Desserts

* Torta della nonna
* Necci
* Bolli livornesi
* Panforte

## Wines

* Brunello di Montalcino
* Carmignano
* Chianti
# Brian Wirth

Brian D. Wirth is an American nuclear engineer and metallurgist, the Governor's Chair Professor at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His research has concerned the effects of irradiation on metals, with the aim of increasing the lifetime of structural components of nuclear reactors.
Wirth was a 2003 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, and a 2014 recipient of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award of the United States Department of Energy. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2016, and as a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society in 2017.
# Ccochaccasa District

Ccochaccasa District is one of twelve districts of the province Angaraes in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly Indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (56.22%) learnt to speak in childhood, 43.62% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# Sven Karič

Sven Šoštarič Karič (born 7 March 1998) is a Slovenian footballer who plays for Russian Premier League club Pari Nizhny Novgorod as a defender.

## Club career

In early 2017, Karič signed for Derby County of the Championship after trialing with Croatian team Dinamo Zagreb and refusing a professional contract from Slovenian side Maribor. In March 2019, he was sent on loan to Braintree Town in the English fifth division.
Karič returned to Slovenia in July 2019 and signed for Domžale. He stayed at Domžale for three years, before re-joining his childhood club Maribor in 2022 on a contract until 2025.
On 11 September 2024, Karič moved abroad again and signed with Pari Nizhny Novgorod, joining his countrymen Luka Vešner Tičić at the Russian Premier League club.

## International career

Karič debuted for the senior Slovenia national team in a friendly 6–0 win over Gibraltar on 4 June 2021.

## Personal life

He is the son of the former Slovenian international Amir Karić. His sister Tija is also a footballer.
# Strangers (Sigrid song)

"Strangers" is a song performed by Norwegian singer and songwriter Sigrid. The song was released as a digital download on 10 November 2017 by Island Records. The song peaked at number six on the Norwegian Singles Chart. Outside Norway, the single topped the charts in Scotland and Croatia and peaked within the top ten of the charts in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. The song was included on the singer's debut album, Sucker Punch, serving as the second single from the project.

## Music video

An official music video for "Strangers" was directed by Ivana Bobic for Riff Raff Films. It was first released onto YouTube on 30 November 2017, with a length of four minutes and four seconds. As of 3 June 2023, it has gained over 68 million views.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | 2× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 10 November 2017 | Digital download | IslandUniversal Music Group |
# Pilosocereus multicostatus

Pilosocereus multicostatus is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil, in northern Minas Gerais state. Its natural habitat are rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Chincho District

Chincho District is one of the twelve districts in the province Angaraes in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly Indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (68.79%) learnt to speak in childhood, 30.64% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# Hassan Peña

Hassan Peña (born March 25, 1985) is a Cuban professional baseball pitcher for the Algodoneros de San Luis of the Liga Norte de México.
In the Cuban National Series, Pena pitched for the Metropolitanos and the Industriales. He was kept off of the Cuban national baseball team because he had relatives in the United States, and it was feared that he might defect. As a result, he defected in 2005.

## Career
### Washington Nationals

After attending Palm Beach Community College, he was selected by the Washington Nationals in the 13th round of the 2006 amateur draft.
Peña did not play in the Nationals' system in 2006. He spent the 2007 season with the Vermont Lake Monsters in the short-season New York–Penn League. In 13 starts, he pitched 59⅓ innings, compiling a win-loss record of 4–5 and an ERA of 4.25. In 2008, he pitched for the Potomac Nationals and the Hagerstown Suns, and in 2009 he pitched for the GCL Nationals and Hagerstown. In 2010, he spent the season with the Double-A Harrisburg Senators. In 2011, he pitched for Harrisburg and Triple-A affiliate Syracuse Chiefs. He pitched for Syracuse in 2012 became a free agent after the season.

### Tigres de Quintana Roo

On April 13, 2013, Peña signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican Baseball League. He elected free agency on November 1, 2013.

### Kansas City Royals

On February 18, 2014, Peña signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals organization. He was released on April 24, 2014.

### Second stint with Quintana Roo

On July 1, 2014, Peña signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on July 14, 2014.

### Sultanes de Monterrey

On July 15, 2014, Peña signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 2, 2017.

### Somerset Patriots

On March 31, 2017, Peña signed with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on May 5, 2017.

### Piratas de Campeche

On February 8, 2018, Peña signed with the Piratas de Campeche of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 2, 2018.

### Olmecas de Tabasco

On April 6, 2018, Peña signed with the Olmecas de Tabasco of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 10, 2018.

### Third stint with Quintana Roo

On July 27, 2018, Peña signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League. He became a free agent after the season.

### Algodoneros de San Luis

On March 21, 2019, Peña signed with the Algodoneros de San Luis of the Liga Norte de México.
# Altdorf

Altdorf (German pronunciation: ), a compound word in German consisting of old and village, may refer to:

## France

* Altdorf, Bas-Rhin

## Germany

* Altdorf bei Nürnberg, a city in Bavaria
* Altdorf, Lower Bavaria, a municipality in Landshut, Bavaria
* Altdorf, Böblingen
* Altdorf, Esslingen
* Altdorf, Rhineland-Palatinate, a municipality in Südliche Weinstraße
* Weingarten (Württemberg), formerly Altdorf

## Switzerland

* Altdorf, Jura or Bassecourt
* Altdorf, Schaffhausen
* Altdorf, Uri

## Poland (German name)

* Stara Wieś, Pszczyna
* Stara Wieś, Silesian Voivodeship

## United States

* Altdorf, Wisconsin

## Other uses

* Altdorf (Warhammer), the capital of the Empire (a polity analogous to the Holy Roman Empire) in the universe of Warhammer Fantasy
* University of Altdorf, a former university in Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Germany
# Beverly Anderson

Beverly Jacques Anderson (born September 10, 1943) is an American mathematician and emeritus professor at the University of the District of Columbia. In the 1990s she worked at the National Academy of Sciences as Director of Minority Programs for the Mathematical Sciences Education Board, and led the Making Mathematics Work for Minorities program.

## Early life and education

Anderson grew up in the 7th Ward of New Orleans in a time of segregation. She was born to Alvin Joseph and Dorothy Ann, who never finished high school. Anderson attended Valena C. Jones Normal School, an elementary school. She attended a high school for African-Americans, where she excelled in mathematics. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics at Dillard University. She was the first member of her family to leave New Orleans when she moved to Howard University for graduate school. She completed a PhD at the Catholic University of America in 1978.

## Research and career

Anderson began teaching mathematics at the University of the District of Columbia in 1969. She was awarded one of the faculty awards from the White House Initiative for Historically Black Colleges and Universities. She took a leave of absence to join the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in 1988, where she launched the Making Mathematics Work for Minorities program. The program had three aims: to attract national attention to the need for minority students in mathematics, to identify best practice in mathematics education for minority students and develop a national strategy and alliance to improve mathematics education. She ran a series of workshops around the country, sharing ideas about how to help minorities excel in mathematics. Anderson argued that teaching mathematics without acknowledging the cultural bias that favoured students aligned with European tradition could significantly disadvantage people of colour.
Anderson identified that minority students enrolled in two-year college programs were 20% less likely to earn a bachelor's degree than those who started in four-year programs. She emphasized that school mathematics programs needed to be maintained long-term, for magnet schools to support the teaching profession and for comprehensive four-year college programs.
In her 40-year career at the University of the District of Columbia, Anderson was a Professor of Mathematics, Mathematics Department Chair, and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. She was made Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs in 1997; however her appointment as provost was rescinded in 1999 after it was deemed to have been made without a proper search. She remained as a consultant on the National Academy of Sciences mathematics education program, serving as a consultant for the Everybody Counts report in 2000. In 2013 Anderson was appointed to the Prince George's County School Board.
# Yaroslav Pasternak

Yaroslav Pasternak (Ukrainian: Ярослав Іванович Пастернак; 2 January 1892 – 22 November 1969) was a Ukrainian archaeologist. He was Doctor of Philosophy, Professor.

## Biography

Yaroslav Pasternak was born on 2 January 1892 in Khyriv, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now in Ukraine).
He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy at University of Lviv.
In 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, Pasternak was mobilized into the Austro-Hungarian army. Later he fought in the Ukrainian Galician Army. In 1920, he was imprisoned in an internment camp in Liberec, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic).
In 1922–1925, he studied archaeological studies at Charles University under Lubor Niederle. From 1923 to 1928, he worked as an assistant at the State Archaeological Institute in Prague and as a lecturer at the Department of Archaeology at the Ukrainian Free University. He conducted archaeological excavations on the territory of old Prague, including the royal castle.
In 1926, he received a doctorate in philosophy. In 1929 he became a full member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society; in 1926, he became a member of the Czech and in 1944, of the Austrian Archaeological Societies, and in 1965, a member of the Ukrainian Historical Society.
In 1928, he returned to Lviv. Pasternak conducted archaeological research on the chronicle towns of Belz, Zvenyhorod, Przemyśl, and Plisnesk, and the most important research was conducted in 1934–1941 in old Halych, where he discovered the Assumption Cathedral [uk] with the sarcophagus of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl, the founder of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia.
In 1933, in Warsaw, and 1939, in Berlin, he participated in archaeological congresses. During 1928–1939, he headed the Cultural and Historical Museum, and from 1947, he was deputy chairman of the Archaeological Section of the Shevchenko Scientific Society.
In 1932, he began working at the Lviv Theological Academy, where he was an extraordinary professor in 1936–1939 and 1942–1944, and in 1935 he worked as an associate professor at the Ukrainian Free University. In 1939-1941, he was the head of the Department of Archeology at Lviv University. In 1940–1941, he worked as a senior researcher at the Lviv Department of the Institute of Archeology of the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1944, he emigrated to Germany, where in 1945, he worked as a researcher at the University of Göttingen. In 1946, he became a regular professor of archeology at the Ukrainian Free University in Munich. In 1947–1948, he was an honorary guest professor at the University of Bonn.
In 1949, he moved to Canada, where he was an active member of the local branches of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. In 1963 Pasternak was elected a professor at the Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome.
He is the author of scientific works and historiographical essays.

## Death and legacy

Pasternak died on 22 November 1969 in Toronto.
One of the streets of Lviv is named in honor of Yaroslav Pasternak.
# Kristy Giteau

Kristy Giteau (born 16 March 1981) is a rugby union player. She played for Australia and was a member of the squad to the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup that finished in third place. She is the sister of Wallabies player Matt Giteau.
# H. Clyde Pearson

Henry Clyde Pearson (March 12, 1925 – March 26, 2010) was an American lawyer and politician from Virginia. He served in both the House of Delegates and the Senate. In 1961, he was the Republican nominee for Governor of Virginia.

## Early life

He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He attended Union College in Barboursville, Kentucky. He became after in Republican politics after graduating from the University of Richmond and establishing his law firm in Jonesville. He was a supporter of Eisenhower in 1952, and supported the candidacy of William C. Wampler.

## Political career

When he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, he was just one of five Republicans in the legislature at the time. In 1961, he was the Republican candidate for governor, where he lost to Albertis Harrison. The Republican ticket consisted of Pearson for governor, Hazel K. Barger for lieutenant governor, and Leon Owens for attorney general.
# Little Hell (album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AbsolutePunk | 86% |
| AllMusic | |
| Blare | |
| Rock Sound | 8/10 |
| Spin | 7/10 |
Little Hell is the third album by City and Colour, released on June 7, 2011. Besides Dallas Green who recorded the majority of the instrumentals himself, contributing musicians on the record include Daniel Romano of Attack in Black, Dylan Green and Scott Remila of Raising the Fawn, Nick Skalkos of The Miniatures, Misha Bower of Bruce Peninsula and Anna Jarvis and Jordan Mitchell of The Rest. The album art is an illustration of Allard Schager's photograph "Fields of Gold", taken in a tulip field outside Alkmaar in North Holland.
The album received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 11 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". The track "Sorrowing Man" was used as the opening theme song of the Thandiwe Newton series Rogue during its second season, and was also used in the One Tree Hill ninth-season episode, "A Rush of Blood to the Head". Album cover art work inspired by the 1976 film Futureworld. In the film once the cast enters the simulation the art work hanging on the wall at the 27:53 time stamp can be seen however not identical to the album cover the inspiration is revealed.

## Promotion and release

Green began performing the songs "O' Sister" and "Silver and Gold" live on his Canadian tour in September 2009, while most of the album was already written, although it was not recorded until January 2011. Although "O' Sister" had been confirmed by Green to be the first single, "Fragile Bird" was released instead, on April 5, 2011. The music video of "Fragile Bird" was premiered on Dallas' YouTube channel on May 26, 2011. On February 23, 2011, Green revealed the album's name as Little Hell. On March 23, 2011, Green revealed the album's track listing and release date on his MySpace blog. On May 31, 2011, a week before the release, the album was streamed for free through the websites of MTV and MuchMusic for Canadian residents. The album debuted at number 1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week, and at number 28 on the US Billboard 200.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dallas Green

## Personnel
### City and Colour

* Dallas Green – vocals, guitar, piano
* Daniel Romano – guitars, bass guitar, harmonies, pedal steel, organ, piano
* Dylan Green – drums, percussion
* Scott Remila – bass guitar, harmonies

### Additional musicians

* Nick Skalkos – drums on "Fragile Bird" and "Weightless"
* Misha Bower – harmonies on "Weightless"
* Anna Jarvis – cello on "Northern Wind" and "Silver and Gold"

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Zambia (disambiguation)

Zambia is a country in Africa.
Zambia may also refer to:

## Sports

* Zambia national football team
* Zambia women's national football team
* Zambia men's national basketball team
* Zambia women's national basketball team
* Zâmbia (footballer), Brazilian former footballer João Marcos Ferreira Andrade (born 1985)
* Zambia Open, a men's golf tournament
* Zambia Ladies Open, a former golf tournament
* Zambia Masters, a men's golf tournament
* Zambia International, a badminton tournament held in Lusaka, Zambia

## Other uses

* Zambia Airways, the flag carrier of Zambia
* Zambia Railways, the national railway company of Zambia
* University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
# Beulah Armstrong

Beulah May Armstrong (1895–1965) was an American mathematician and university professor. She was one of the few American women awarded a PhD in math before World War II.

## Biography

Beulah was born November 18, 1895 in Sterling, Kansas, the third of five children of Lillie J. Detter and John Allen Armstrong, both Pennsylvania natives.
In 1900 the family lived in Enterprise Township, Ford County, Kansas, where her father was a farmer, and by 1910 they had moved to Hutchinson, Kansas. Beulah graduated from Hutchinson High School and then attended Baker University in Baldwin City, a co-educational Methodist Church school in eastern Kansas. After receiving her bachelor 's degree from Baker University in 1917, she received a scholarship to attend the University of Kansas, and in 1918 she earned her master's degree there. Her master's thesis was titled, Simple And Complete K-Points in Continuous and in Modular Projective Spaces. She was offered an additional scholarship to continue her studies at Kansas, but did not accept it apparently because she was keen on doing graduate work at the University of Illinois where she was offered a scholarship for the academic year 1918–1919 and a fellowship for the following year.
She earned her PhD there in 1921 under George Abram Miller with the dissertation: Mathematical Induction in Group Theory. She taught at the University of Illinois from 1921 to 1931, was an associate from 1931 to 1945, then became an assistant professor from 1945 to 1959, and finally an associate professor at Illinois from 1959 until her retirement as an associate professor emeritus in 1963. She was heavily involved with advising aspiring math teachers while they studied with her at Illinois and she taught many of the math courses they were scheduled to take. In addition, she was one of the instructors for the University's correspondence courses.
She was active in a number of organizations on and off campus. She was secretary-treasurer of the Sigma Xi honor society and was a member of Kappa Delta Pi. She was listed in the Who's Who of American Women in the late 1950s.
She died suddenly at age 69 at her home on February 22, 1965, in Urbana, Illinois. She was buried in Fairlawn Cemetery, Hutchinson, Kansas and, in her will, she bequeathed $1,000 to her first alma mater Baker University.

## Memberships

Organizational affiliations, according to Green.
* American Mathematical Society (AMS)
* Mathematical Association of America (MAA)
* Sigma Delta Epsilon
* Sigma Xi
* Pi Mu Epsilon
* Phi Beta Kappa
# Vladimir Rushailo

Vladimir Borisovich Rushailo (Russian: Владимир Борисович Рушайло; born 28 July 1953) is a Russian politician.
While Rushailo was Moscow City Police General of the Moscow RUOP, he was in open conflict with Georgian mob boss Otari Kvantrishvili.
From 1999 to 2001, he was the interior minister of Russia, and secretary of Security Council from 2001 to 2004. As the minister of the interior, he was charged with overseeing the security of sensitive internal sites and materials such as high-value train shipments and nuclear weapons facilities. His tenure coincided with a period of serious concern over the security of Russia's nuclear weapons stocks, especially with regard to the 2000 computer bug and its potential effects in the run up to and after the Y2K switch. From 14 July 2004 to 5 October 2007, he was the executive secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In 2002, he was injured in a road crash in Kamchatka together with region's governor Mikhail Mashkovtsev.

## Honours and awards

* Hero of the Russian Federation (October 27, 1999)
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class (2003)
* Order of Courage (1998)
* Order of Honour (1998)
* Order of the Badge of Honour (1986)
* Order for Personal Courage (1992)
* Jubilee Medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy" (1996)
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg" (2003)
* Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow, 3rd class (Russian Orthodox Church)