# Bibb County, Alabama

Bibb County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county is a part of the Birmingham, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the ARC's definition of Appalachia. As of the 24th decennial 2020 census, its population was 22,293. The county seat is Centreville. The county is named in honor of William W. Bibb (1781–1820), the Governor of Alabama Territory (1817–1819) and the first Governor of Alabama (1819–1820, when he died). He is also the namesake for Bibb County, Georgia, where he began his political career. It is a "prohibition" or dry county; however, a few towns have become "wet" by allowing the sale of alcoholic beverages: Woodstock (December 2017), West Blocton (August 2012), Centreville (June 2010), and Brent (May 2010). The Bibb County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centreville.

## History

Cahawba County was established ("erected") on February 7, 1818, named for the Cahawba River (now more commonly known as Cahaba River). This name came from the Choctaw language word meaning "water above." On December 4, 1820, it was renamed as Bibb County.
In the wake of the American Civil War, the state legislature passed laws to create a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration and effectively excluded Freedmen from the political process. Many residents resisted the objectives of Union occupation both during and after Reconstruction because they wanted to restore the Antebellum social and political norms. During this time of transition, Bibb, Dallas, and Pickens counties held the third-highest number of lynchings in the state. On June 18, 1919, Jim McMillan was lynched by a White mob. On November 7, 2000, Bibb County voted against a proposed amendment to Alabama's constitution to abolish the prohibition of interracial marriages.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 626 square miles (1,620 km$^2$), of which 623 square miles (1,610 km$^2$) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.3 km$^2$) (0.6%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Jefferson County - north
* Shelby County - northeast
* Chilton County - southeast
* Perry County - southwest
* Hale County - southwest
* Tuscaloosa County - northwest

### National protected areas

* Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge
* Talladega National Forest (part)

## Endemic species

Several species of plants are endemic to Bibb County, Alabama; that is, they grow in this county and nowhere else in the world.
* Xyris spathifolia
* Dalea cahaba
* Spigelia alabamensis
* Lithospermum decipiens
* Solanum pumilum
* Castilleja kraliana
* Erigeron dolomiticola
* Liatris oligocephala
* Silphium glutinosum

## Transportation
### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 11
* U.S. Highway 82
* State Route 5
* State Route 25
* State Route 58
* State Route 139
* State Route 209
* State Route 219

### Rail

* Norfolk Southern Railway

## Demographics
### 2020 Census

Bibb County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 15,870 | 17,191 | 16,442 | 76.20% | 75.02% | 73.75% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 4,584 | 5,024 | 4,390 | 22.01% | 21.92% | 19.69% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 46 | 64 | 39 | 0.22% | 0.28% | 0.17% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 17 | 22 | 26 | 0.08% | 0.10% | 0.12% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2 | 7 | 9 | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 20 | 47 | 0.00% | 0.09% | 0.21% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 97 | 181 | 600 | 0.47% | 0.79% | 2.69% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 210 | 406 | 740 | 1.01% | 1.77% | 3.32% |
| Total | 20,826 | 22,915 | 22,293 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 22,293 people, 6,891 households, and 4,789 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 22,915 people, 7,953 households, and 5,748 families residing in the county. The population density was 37 people per square mile (14 people/km$^2$). There were 8,981 housing units at an average density of 14.3 units per square mile (5.5 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 75.8% White, 22.0% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Of the population, 1.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 7,953 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. Of all households, 24.5% were made up of individuals, and 9.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $41,770, and the median income for a family was $51,956. Males had a median income of $40,219 versus $28,085 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,918. About 9.4% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.

### Rural flight

From 1920 to 1970, the population of the rural county declined considerably. Many African Americans joined the Great Migration to northern and western cities, to escape the violence and racial oppression of Jim Crow.

## Education

Bibb County contains one public school district. There are approximately 3,100 students in public K-12 schools in Bibb County.

### Districts

School districts include:
* Bibb County School District

## Government and infrastructure

United States presidential election results for Bibb County, Alabama :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 7,572 | 81.80% | 1,619 | 17.49% | 66 | 0.71% |
| 2020 | 7,525 | 78.43% | 1,986 | 20.70% | 84 | 0.88% |
| 2016 | 6,738 | 76.40% | 1,874 | 21.25% | 207 | 2.35% |
| 2012 | 6,132 | 72.83% | 2,202 | 26.15% | 86 | 1.02% |
| 2008 | 6,262 | 72.44% | 2,299 | 26.60% | 83 | 0.96% |
| 2004 | 5,472 | 72.00% | 2,089 | 27.49% | 39 | 0.51% |
| 2000 | 4,273 | 60.17% | 2,710 | 38.16% | 118 | 1.66% |
| 1996 | 3,037 | 48.20% | 2,775 | 44.04% | 489 | 7.76% |
| 1992 | 3,124 | 46.49% | 2,900 | 43.15% | 696 | 10.36% |
| 1988 | 2,885 | 56.06% | 2,244 | 43.61% | 17 | 0.33% |
| 1984 | 3,487 | 61.32% | 2,167 | 38.10% | 33 | 0.58% |
| 1980 | 2,491 | 44.30% | 3,097 | 55.08% | 35 | 0.62% |
| 1976 | 1,591 | 35.56% | 2,850 | 63.70% | 33 | 0.74% |
| 1972 | 3,332 | 78.44% | 837 | 19.70% | 79 | 1.86% |
| 1968 | 263 | 5.63% | 652 | 13.95% | 3,758 | 80.42% |
| 1964 | 2,623 | 83.94% | 0 | 0.00% | 502 | 16.06% |
| 1960 | 1,052 | 38.23% | 1,697 | 61.66% | 3 | 0.11% |
| 1956 | 1,004 | 38.88% | 1,471 | 56.97% | 107 | 4.14% |
| 1952 | 784 | 28.31% | 1,971 | 71.18% | 14 | 0.51% |
| 1948 | 123 | 9.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,220 | 90.84% |
| 1944 | 244 | 15.78% | 1,287 | 83.25% | 15 | 0.97% |
| 1940 | 173 | 8.60% | 1,821 | 90.51% | 18 | 0.89% |
| 1936 | 190 | 9.20% | 1,868 | 90.42% | 8 | 0.39% |
| 1932 | 145 | 8.00% | 1,636 | 90.29% | 31 | 1.71% |
| 1928 | 1,003 | 45.61% | 1,188 | 54.02% | 8 | 0.36% |
| 1924 | 251 | 18.27% | 875 | 63.68% | 248 | 18.05% |
| 1920 | 364 | 16.95% | 1,643 | 76.49% | 141 | 6.56% |
| 1916 | 217 | 13.67% | 1,247 | 78.58% | 123 | 7.75% |
| 1912 | 40 | 3.51% | 820 | 71.87% | 281 | 24.63% |
| 1908 | 139 | 15.14% | 670 | 72.98% | 109 | 11.87% |
| 1904 | 155 | 11.87% | 1,085 | 83.08% | 66 | 5.05% |
Bibb County has a five-member County Commission, elected from single-member districts. Members take turns in serving as chairman of the commission, rotating the position every nine and a half months.
Alabama Department of Corrections operates the Bibb Correctional Facility in Brent.
Bibb County is reliably Republican at the presidential level. The last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election was Jimmy Carter, who won it by a majority in 1980 despite narrowly losing the state of Alabama to Ronald Reagan.

## Communities
### Cities

* Brent
* Centreville (County Seat)

### Towns

* Vance (Partly in Tuscaloosa County)
* West Blocton
* Woodstock (Partly in Tuscaloosa County)

### Unincorporated communities

* Abercrombie
* Active
* Antioch
* Brierfield
* Coleanor
* Eoline
* Gary Springs
* Green Pond
* Lawley
* Little Hope
* Lucille
* Marvel
* Maud
* Piper
* Randolph
* Sand Mountain
* Sixmile

### Ghost towns

* Cadle

## Places of interest

Bibb County is home to the Talladega National Forest supervised by the United States Forestry Service (of the U.S. Department of Agriculture), and a section of the Cahaba River which draws visitors to view the unique "Cahaba Lily" (known by its scientific Latinized name Hymenocallis coronaria).