# Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

The Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (Spanish: Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional, or LVBP) is the top-level professional baseball league in Venezuela. The league's champion takes part in the Caribbean Series each year.

## History
### Background and predecessors

Baseball had been played in Venezuela at the amateur level since the late 19th century, with the first national tournament played in Caracas in October 1917, between eight teams representing Caracas, La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, Macuto, and Maracay. Early clubs included Santa Marta (La Guaira), Venezuela and Magallanes (both of Caracas). A national baseball league (Spanish: Liga Nacional) was officially formed on June 26, 1927. In the 1930s, the league included Magallanes, Royal Criollo, and Concordia, the latter of which was sponsored by Gonzalo Gomez, brother of dictator Juan Vicente Gómez. Concordia attracted talent like Martín Dihigo as well as future Venezuelan stars including Alejandro Carrasquel and Luis Aparicio Sr.
The popularity of baseball exploded in Venezuela in 1941, following the world championship in Havana. By then, the appearance of professional baseball in Venezuela attracted many ball players from the Caribbean and the United States to the country, showing a more integrated sport there than it was in the United States. This is evidenced in the hiring of stellar players like Ramón Bragaña, Cocaína García, Oscar Estrada, Bertrum Hunter, Roy Campanella, Sam Jethroe, Satchel Paige, and Roy Welmaker.

### Professionalization and early years (1946-64)

On December 27, 1945, the owners of Cervecería Caracas (Caracas Brewery), Sabios de Vargas (Vargas Wisemen), Navegantes del Magallanes (Magellan Navigators), and Patriotas de Venezuela (Venezuelan Patriots) created the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. The league was formally registered as an institution during January 1946, and in the same month organized its first tournament, starting on January 3, 1946. Sabios de Vargas, led by Daniel 'Chino' Canónico, became the first champion, with a record of 18 wins and 12 losses.
During the first tournaments, games were played on Thursdays and Saturdays on the afternoons, and Sundays in the morning. This was the norm until Cervecería Caracas' park — located in the San Agustín del Norte zone of Caracas — was fitted with electric lights, enabling its use during night games. Thus, a game was added on Tuesday nights.
Eventually, the tournament was changed to accommodate two rounds, with the top team of each round having a best-of-5 play-off to determine the champion.
On August 8, 1952, Pablo Morales and Oscar Prieto Ortiz purchased the Cervecería Caracas team from Martín Tovar Lange, as the Caracas Brewery Co. was unable to continue sponsoring the team and it had the highest payroll of the league. The new owners renamed the team as Leones del Caracas (Caracas Lions), after the full name of the city, Santiago de Leon de Caracas. On October 17, 1952, the 1952-1953 season of the league started, with the first game of Leones del Caracas vs. Venezuela BBC. Leones del Caracas ended their season as champions for the first time.
The next season, alongside the start of limited television coverage of the league, would see the departure of the teams Sabios de Vargas and Venezuela BBC due to economic problems, being replaced by two teams (Gavilanes and Pastora) from the professional league of the Zulia State, from western Venezuela.
In 1954 Sabios de Vargas was replaced by Santa Marta and Patriotas de Venezuela came back both only for that year.
In 1955 a new team was added in the place of the departed Venezuela, named Pampero; while the Santa Marta BBC was moved out of Caracas, and renamed to Industriales de Valencia (Valencia Industrymen).
The 1956-1957 tournament would see further changes: the Navegantes del Magallanes team was purchased by advertisers Joe Novas and Joe Cruz and renamed as Oriente, leaving the league made of Leones del Caracas, Oriente, Pampero and Industriales de Valencia.
In 1962, Los Tiburones de La Guaira (La Guaira Sharks) were brought into the league to replace Pampero.

### Expansion (1965-1989)

In 1965, the league expanded from 4 to 6 teams, with the addition of the teams Cardenales de Lara and Tigres de Aragua.
For the 1968-1969 tournament, the Industrymen left the city of Valencia and relocated to Acarigua with a new name: Los Llaneros. This left Valencia without a team, prompting the move of Navegantes del Magallanes from Caracas to Valencia, and their return to their original name for the 1969-1970 tournament. In 1969, Las Águilas del Zulia (Zulia Eagles) joined the VPBL to replace Industriales de Valencia.
The 1970s saw the first successes for Venezuelan teams outside of Venezuela since the amateur championships of the 1940s, with the Navegantes del Magallanes winning two Caribbean Series. It also saw problems for the league, in the form of the strike that prevented the 1973-1974 tournament, and the problems the Leones del Caracas and Tiburones de La Guaira had in 1975–1976 to secure a baseball park to play their home games. This resulted in both teams merged into one, and forced to move to the city of Acarigua.
Also in the 1970s, Tigres de Aragua won the first championships for the 1960s expansion teams.
The 1980s saw the Leones del Caracas winning five tournaments, consolidating their lead as the most successful team in the league. Leones del Caracas also went on to win three championships in a row starting in the 1979–80 season, and their first Caribbean Series in 1982. The decade also saw success for the Tiburones de La Guaira, with the team winning 3 championships.
Also in the 1980s, the Águilas del Zulia won their first two championships, all the way to also winning their first two Caribbean Series in 1984 and 1989.

### 1990s and 2000s

In 1991, the league expanded from six to eight teams, with the addition of the Caribes de Oriente (Eastern Caribbeans), who are now the Caribes de Anzoátegui (Anzoátegui Caribbeans); and the Petroleros de Cabimas (Cabimas Oilers), who became Pastora de los Llanos (Llanos Shepherds), and from the 2007–08 season on, Bravos de Margarita (Margarita Braves). This led to a change in format, with the eight teams being organized in two divisions: the Eastern Division (División Oriental) with the teams Caracas, Magallanes, La Guaira and Oriente; and the Western Division (División Occidental) with the teams Zulia, Lara, Aragua and Cabimas. The first two teams from each division by the end of the regular season of the tournament would qualify to the round-robin semifinals.
The format would change again some years later, with the addition of a wildcard team in the semifinals: the best placed third-place from the two divisions would accompany the other four teams in a round-robin semifinal.
For the 2007–08 season, with the move of the Pastora team from the western city of Acarigua to the eastern city of Porlamar, the Western Division and the Eastern Division were merged into a single division of eight teams, with the top five teams advancing to the semifinals.
The 2015–2016 season saw a new change in format, with a regular season divided in two rounds, which ranked the teams by their record and assigned points depending on their position in the table at the end of each round. The total points from both rounds are added at the end of the regular season, and the teams are then ranked by points. Also part of the format change was the introduction of a sixth team qualified for the semifinals, and the change of the semifinal from a round robin format to two phases of play-offs to the best of 7 games.
In recent years, Tigres de Aragua has become the most dominant team of the league, winning the crown seven times in the last fifteen years, including three times in a row from the 2006-07 season to the 2008-09 season and also winning the Caribbean Series in 2009.
On August 22, 2019, Major League Baseball banned its affiliated players from playing in the Venezuelan League to comply with President Donald Trump's embargo on Venezuela. This ban was later limited to only Navegantes del Magallanes and Tigres de Aragua, and has since been lifted for all clubs.
As of 2023, the LVBP has a limit of maximum five foreign players (known as imports) per team.

## All Star Game

The league has scheduled All Star Games most years, sometime featuring Criollos (Venezuelan) vs Importados (foreigners), Western Division vs Eastern Division or Stars vs "Stars of the Future", and even a Venezuela's League Stars vs. Dominican Republic's League Stars inter-league all star game during the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 tournaments.

## Current teams

| Team | City | Stadium | Capacity | Founded | Joined |
| Águilas del Zulia | Maracaibo, Zulia | Estadio Luis Aparicio El Grande | 24,000 | 1969 | 1969 |
| Bravos de Margarita | Porlamar, Nueva Esparta | Stadium Nueva Esparta | 18,000 | 2007 | 2007 |
| Cardenales de Lara | Barquisimeto, Lara | Estadio Antonio Herrera Gutiérrez | 22,000 | 1942 | 1965 |
| Caribes de Anzoátegui | Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui | Estadio Alfonso Chico Carrasquel | 18,000 | 1987 | 1991 |
| Leones del Caracas | Caracas, D.C. | Estadio Monumental de Caracas Simón Bolívar | 40,000 | 1942 | 1946 |
| Navegantes del Magallanes | Valencia, Carabobo | Estadio José Bernardo Pérez | 16,000 | 1917 | 1946 |
| Tiburones de La Guaira | Macuto, La Guaira | Estadio Fórum La Guaira | 14,300 | 1962 | 1962 |
| Tigres de Aragua | Maracay, Aragua | Estadio José Pérez Colmenares | 12,647 | 1965 | 1965 |

## Format

The league houses eight teams in two divisions, the Occidental (Western) and the Central divisions. The tournament is divided into a regular season and a postseason consisting of a semi-final and final round.

### Regular season

The regular season follows a round robin format where a total of 63 games are disputed by each of the eight teams that made up the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, meaning that each team faces every other team a total of 9 times, 5 times as home club and 4 times as away team; the number of games as home club between any 2 clubs alternates year by year.
At the end of the regular season, the teams are ranked from first place to last in their division depending on their win–loss record, and the first 2 teams in each division qualify.
In the case of a tie between qualified teams, their position on the table is determined by the following criteria:
* The team who won the most games in the head-to-head games between the tied teams.
* The difference between runs scored and runs received will be used to break the tie if it persists.
* A drawing of lots will be used if the tie persists.
In the case of a tie between teams where a position in the postseason needs to be determined, the tie will be solved with extra games.
| Division Occidental | Division Central |
| Cardenales de Lara | Caribes de Anzoátegui |
| Navegantes del Magallanes | Tigres de Aragua |
| Bravos de Margarita | Leones del Caracas |
| Aguilas del Zulia | Tiburones de La Guaira |

### Postseason

The postseason consists of a semi-final and final round. All the series are playoff series to the best of 7 games. In all of these single elimination series, the team with better standing during the regular season has home advantage, playing the first two games as home club, then two games away, and if necessary, the fifth game is away and the last two games as home club.

#### Semifinal round

The semifinal round consists of two series in a best-of-seven format. The first team in one division faces the second team in the other division.
There are rest days in both series after the second and fifth games.

#### Final

The play-off final is a series in a best-of-seven-format between the winners of the semifinal-series. The winner of this series goes on to play is the Caribbean Series.

## Past champions

Key :
| † | Champions also won the Caribbean Series that season |
| † | Champions also won the Interamerican Series that season |
| Season | Champion | Record | Final Series | Runners Up | Manager |
| 1946 | Sabios de Vargas (2) | 18-12 | – | Cervecería Caracas | Daniel Canónico |
| 1946–47 | Sabios de Vargas (2) | 17-19 | – | Cervecería Caracas | Ernesto Aparicio |
| 1947–48 | Cervecería Caracas | 25-14 | – | Sabios de Vargas | José Antonio Casanova |
| 1948–49 | Cervecería Caracas (2) | 18-13 | – | Navegantes del Magallanes | José Antonio Casanova |
| 1949–50 | Navegantes del Magallanes | 32-14 | – | Cervecería Caracas | Lázaro Salazar |
| 1950–51 | Navegantes del Magallanes (2) | 34-19 | – | Cervecería Caracas | Lázaro Salazar |
| 1951–52 | Cervecería Caracas (3) | 41-15 | – | Navegantes del Magallanes | José Antonio Casanova |
| 1952–53 | Leones del Caracas (4) | 32-35 | – | Navegantes del Magallanes | Martín Dihigo |
| 1953–54 | Lácteos de Pastora | 48-30 | – | Navegantes del Magallanes | Buster Mills |
| 1954–55 | Navegantes del Magallanes (3) | 32-18 | – | Leones del Caracas | Lázaro Salazar |
| 1955–56 | Industriales de Valencia | 33-21 | 4–1 | Licoreros de Pampero | Clay Bryant |
| 1956–57 | Leones del Caracas (5) | 26-26 | – | Industriales de Valencia | Clay Bryant |
| 1957–58 | Industriales de Valencia (2) | 23-18 | – | Rapiños de Occidente | Regino Otero |
| 1958–59 | Industriales de Valencia (3) | 28-18 | – | Rapiños de Occidente | Regino Otero |
| 1959–60 season suspended due to a players' strike ||||||
| 1960–61 | Industriales de Valencia (4) $^†$ | 30-22 | 3–2 | Indios de Oriente | Rodolfo Fernández |
| 1961–62 | Leones del Caracas (6) | 31-21 | 4–1 | Indios de Oriente | Regino Otero |
| 1962–63 | Industriales de Valencia (5) | 23-16 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Robert Hoffman |
| 1963–64 | Leones del Caracas (7) | 26-24 | 4–3 | Industriales de Valencia | Regino Otero |
| 1964–65 | Tiburones de La Guaira | 28-22 | 4–1 | Leones del Caracas | José Antonio Casanova |
| 1965–66 | Tiburones de La Guaira (2) | 37-23 | 3–2 | Industriales de Valencia | Tony Pacheco |
| 1966–67 | Leones del Caracas (8) | 32-29 | 3–2 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Regino Otero |
| 1967–68 | Leones del Caracas (9) | 37-23 | – | Tigres de Aragua | Regino Otero |
| 1968–69 | Tiburones de La Guaira (3) | 36-24 | – | Tigres de Aragua | Wilfredo Calvino |
| 1969–70 | Navegantes del Magallanes (4) $^†$ | 32-28 | 3–0 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Carlos Pascual |
| 1970–71 | Tiburones de La Guaira (4) | 31-29 | 4–3 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Graciano Ravelo |
| 1971–72 | Tigres de Aragua | 32-28 | 4–3 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Rod Carew |
| 1972–73 | Leones del Caracas (10) | 37-33 | 4–1 | Águilas del Zulia | Ozzie Virgil Sr. |
| 1973–74 season suspended due to a player's strike ||||||
| 1974–75 | Tigres de Aragua (2) | 32-28 | 4–2 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Ozzie Virgil Sr. |
| 1975–76 | Tigres de Aragua (3) | 31-33 | 4–3 | Cardenales de Lara | Ozzie Virgil Sr. |
| 1976–77 | Navegantes del Magallanes (5) | 35-30 | 4–2 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Don Leppert |
| 1977–78 | Leones del Caracas (11) | 40-30 | 4–3 | Águilas del Zulia | Felipe Rojas Alou |
| 1978–79 | Navegantes del Magallanes (6) $^†$ | 39-31 | 4–1 | Águilas del Zulia | Willie Horton |
| 1979–80 | Leones del Caracas (12) | 46-23 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Felipe Rojas Alou |
| 1980–81 | Leones del Caracas (13) | 33-27 | 4–0 | Cardenales de Lara | Alfonso Carrasquel |
| 1981–82 | Leones del Caracas (14) $^†$ | 38-27 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Alfonso Carrasquel |
| 1982–83 | Tiburones de La Guaira (5) | 34-31 | 4–1 | Leones del Caracas | Ozzie Virgil Sr. |
| 1983–84 | Águilas del Zulia $^†$ | 40-25 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Rubén Amaro Sr. |
| 1984–85 | Tiburones de La Guaira (6) | 35-29 | 4–0 | Tigres de Aragua | Aurelio Monteagudo |
| 1985–86 | Tiburones de La Guaira (7) | 32-33 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | José Martínez |
| 1986–87 | Leones del Caracas (15) | 33-31 | 4–0 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Bill Plummer |
| 1987–88 | Leones del Caracas (16) | 33-27 | 4–2 | Tigres de Aragua | Bill Robinson |
| 1988–89 | Águilas del Zulia (2) $^†$ | 35-25 | 4–3 | Tigres de Aragua | Pete Mackanin |
| 1989–90 | Leones del Caracas (17) | 32-28 | 4–3 | Cardenales de Lara | Phil Regan |
| 1990–91 | Cardenales de Lara | 37-23 | 4–2 | Leones del Caracas | Domingo Carrasquel |
| 1991–92 | Águilas del Zulia (3) | 38-22 | 4–3 | Tigres de Aragua | Pompeyo Davalillo |
| 1992–93 | Águilas del Zulia (4) | 32-28 | 4–0 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Pompeyo Davalillo |
| 1993–94 | Navegantes del Magallanes (7) | 35-25 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Tim Tolman |
| 1994–95 | Leones del Caracas (18) | 33-27 | 4–2 | Águilas del Zulia | Pompeyo Davalillo |
| 1995–96 | Navegantes del Magallanes (8) | 29-31 | 4–3 | Cardenales de Lara | Gregorio Machado |
| 1996–97 | Navegantes del Magallanes (9) | 33-17 | 4–1 | Leones del Caracas | John Tamargo |
| 1997–98 | Cardenales de Lara (2) | 43-21 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Omar Malavé |
| 1998–99 | Cardenales de Lara (3) | 35-26 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Omar Malavé |
| 1999–00 | Águilas del Zulia (5) | 35-27 | 4–1 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Marc Bombard |
| 2000–01 | Cardenales de Lara (4) | 38-24 | 4–2 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Nick Leyva |
| 2001–02 | Navegantes del Magallanes (10) | 30-32 | 4–1 | Tigres de Aragua | Phil Regan |
| 2002–03 season cancelled due to a nationwide general strike ||||||
| 2003–04 | Tigres de Aragua (4) | 34-28 | 4–2 | Caribes de Anzoátegui | Buddy Bailey |
| 2004–05 | Tigres de Aragua (5) | 31-31 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Buddy Bailey |
| 2005–06 | Leones del Caracas (19) $^†$ | 35-27 | 4–1 | Tigres de Aragua | Carlos Subero |
| 2006–07 | Tigres de Aragua (6) | 41-21 | 4–1 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Buddy Bailey |
| 2007–08 | Tigres de Aragua (7) | 32-31 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Buddy Bailey |
| 2008–09 | Tigres de Aragua (8) $^†$ | 36-27 | 4–3 | Leones del Caracas | Buddy Bailey |
| 2009–10 | Leones del Caracas (20) | 41-22 | 4–3 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Dave Hudgens |
| 2010–11 | Caribes de Anzoátegui | 34-29 | 4–3 | Tigres de Aragua | Julio Franco |
| 2011–12 | Tigres de Aragua (9) | 31-30 | 4–2 | Tiburones de La Guaira | Buddy Bailey |
| 2012–13 | Navegantes del Magallanes (11) | 36-27 | 4–3 | Cardenales de Lara | Luis Sojo |
| 2013–14 | Navegantes del Magallanes (12) | 33-30 | 4–1 | Caribes de Anzoátegui | Carlos García |
| 2014–15 | Caribes de Anzoátegui (2) | 39-24 | 4–1 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Omar López |
| 2015–16 | Tigres de Aragua (9) | 31-32 | 4–2 | Navegantes del Magallanes | Eddie Perez |
| 2016–17 | Águilas del Zulia (6) | 33-30 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Lipso Nava |
| 2017–18 | Caribes de Anzoátegui (3) | 32-31 | 4–2 | Cardenales de Lara | Omar López |
| 2018–19 | Cardenales de Lara (5) | 35-28 | 4–1 | Leones del Caracas | Jose Moreno |
| 2019–20 | Cardenales de Lara (6) | 24-18 | 4–3 | Caribes de Anzoátegui | Luis Ugueto |
| 2020–21 | Caribes de Anzoátegui (4) | 24-16 | 4–0 | Cardenales de Lara | Mike Alvarez |
| 2021–22 | Navegantes del Magallanes (13) | 32-17 | 4–3 | Caribes de Anzoátegui | Willie Romero |
| 2022–23 | Leones del Caracas (21) | 36-19 | 4–2 | Tiburones de La Guaira | José Alguacil |
| 2023–24 | Tiburones de La Guaira (8) $^†$ | 30-26 | 4–1 | Cardenales de Lara | Ozzie Guillén |
| 2024–25 | Cardenales de Lara (7) | 33-23 | 4–2 | Bravos de Margarita | Henry Blanco |

### Championships per team

| Team | Years | Total |
| Leones del Caracas | 1947-48, 1948-49, 1951-52, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1972–73, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1994–95, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2022-23 | 21 |
| Navegantes del Magallanes | 1949–50, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1969–70, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 2001–02, 2012-2013, 2013–14, 2021–22 | 13 |
| Tigres de Aragua | 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2015–16 | 10 |
| Tiburones de La Guaira | 1964–65, 1965–66, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1985–86, 2023–24 | 8 |
| Cardenales de Lara | 1990–91, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2024–25 | 7 |
| Águilas del Zulia | 1983–84, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1999–00, 2016–17 | 6 |
| Industriales de Valencia | 1955–56, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1962–63 | 5 |
| Caribes de Anzoátegui | 2010–11, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2020–21 | 4 |
| Sabios de Vargas | 1946, 1946–47 | 2 |
| Lácteos de Pastora | 1953–54 | 1 |
* 1 2 3 The team changed owners and name in 1952, but documents made public on October 4, 2011, state that the franchise official name - Caracas Baseball Club - remained constant during all sale transactions in 1949, 1952 and 2001. This has resulted in a change on the historical stats of Leones del Caracas, as reflected in the official page of the league.
* ↑ The team moved to a different city, and changed its name in 1968. The team disappeared by 1969, and was replaced with a new franchise.
* ↑ The team folded at the end of the 1952–53 season, and was replaced with a new franchise.
* ↑ Played only in a National Championship Series called El Rotatorio.

## Defunct teams

* Cervecería Caracas
* Estrellas Orientales
* Indios de Oriente
* Gavilanes de Maracaibo
* Industriales de Valencia
* Lácteos de Pastora
* Licoreros de Pampero
* Llaneros de Acarigua
* Llaneros de Portuguesa
* Pastora de los Llanos
* Rapiños de Occidente
* Patriotas de Venezuela
* Petroleros de Cabimas
* Sabios de Vargas
* Santa Marta de La Guaira

## Venezuelan Caribbean Series champions

The Venezuelan champion moves on to the Caribbean Series to face the champions of the baseball leagues of the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Panama and Colombia. Venezuelan teams have won the Caribbean Series eight times, most recently in 2024 by the Tiburones de La Guaira, after having won the LVBP title during the 2023–24 season.
| Team | Series Championship | Series Appearances | Championship Years |
| Leones del Caracas | 2 | 16 | 1982, 2006 |
| Navegantes del Magallanes | 2 | 13 | 1970, 1979 |
| Águilas del Zulia | 2 | 6 | 1984, 1989 |
| Tigres de Aragua | 1 | 10 | 2009 |
| Tiburones de La Guaira | 1 | 5 | 2024 |