OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raimo Tuomela

Raimo Heikki Tuomela (9 October 1940 – 22 November 2020) was a Finnish philosopher.

## Career

Tuomela received his first degree of doctor of philosophy in 1968 from the University of Helsinki and the second one in 1969 from Stanford University. Tuomela was full professor of philosophy (especially methodology and philosophy of the social sciences) at the Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki in 1971–2008.
Having earlier worked and published in many fields of philosophy, especially philosophy of science and philosophy of action, the theory of social action has been his main research interest.
Tuomela received several grants and awards, including the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Award (Forschungspreis), awarded in recognition of achievements in research, and the honour prize of Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.
During the five-year period 1995–2000, Tuomela was Academy Professor at the Academy of Finland. This research professorship also included a research group working within the general field of the philosophy of social action.

## Books in English

* Theoretical Concepts. Library of Exact Philosophy 10, Springer-Verlag, Wien and New York, 1973, 254 pp.
* Theoretical Concepts and Hypothetico-Inductive Inference (together with Ilkka Niiniluoto). Synthese Library, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht and Boston, 1973, 262 pp.
* Human Action and Its Explanation: A Study on the Philosophical Foundations of Psychology. Synthese Library, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht and Boston, 1977, 426 pp.
* A Theory of Social Action. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Boston, and Lancaster, 1984, 534 pp.
* Science, Action, and Reality. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Boston, and Lancaster, 1985, 274 pp.
* The Importance of Us: A Philosophical Study of Basic Social Notions. Stanford Series in Philosophy, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 1995, 470 pp.
* Cooperation: A Philosophical Study, Philosophical Studies Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, 431 pp.
* The Philosophy of Social Practices: A Collective Acceptance View, Cambridge University Press, 2002, 274 pp.
* The Philosophy of Sociality, Oxford University Press, 2007, 318 pp.
* Social Ontology: Collective Intentionality and Group Agents, 2013, New York: Oxford University Press.

## Books in Finnish

* Tiede, toiminta ja todellisuus. Tieteellisen maailmankäsityksen filosofiset perusteet, Gaudeamus, Jyväskylä, 1983.
# Samantha Owens

Samantha Kim Owens FAHA is a New Zealand oboe player, musicologist and music historian. She is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and was awarded the Lilburn Research Fellowship for 2025.

## Academic career

Owens completed a PhD on the Württemberg court chapel and it musicians, at Victoria University of Wellington. In 2001 Owens joined the faculty of the School of Music at the University of Queensland, where she worked until 2015, at which point she moved to the New Zealand School of Music at Victoria University of Wellington. She rose to full professor in 2019 and gave her inaugural professorial lecture in 2023. Owens remains an honorary professor at the University of Queensland. Owens became a freelance musicologist in 2024. She is also known as an oboe player.
Owens research covers music performance and culture, including the history of German music and musicians in Australasia, court music in Germany in the early modern period, the history of the oboe, and professional women musicians in the 17th and 18th centuries. She has written and edited a number of books and monographs, and her editions of musical works by Johann Sigismund Kusser have been performed in Ireland, London and Germany.

## Honours and awards

Owens was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2012. Owens has twice held a Von Humboldt Fellowships, and has been a visiting fellow at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, the Bach Archive in Leipzig, the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbuettel, and at Clare Hall, University of Cambridge.
In 2012 Owens was awarded the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers medal, for the index of the Boydell Press 2011 book Music at German Courts: Changing Artistic Priorities.
Owens was awarded the Lilburn Research Fellowship for 2025, for a project on the history of brass bands in New Zealand.

## Selected works

* The Well-Travelled Musician: John Sigismond Cousser and Musical Exchange in Baroque Europe (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2017)
* Johann Sigismund Kusser, Serenatas for Dublin (Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, 2020)
* J. S. Bach in Australia: Studies in Reception and Performance with Denis Collins and Kerry Murphy (Melbourne: Lyrebird Press, 2018)
* Searches for Tradition: Essays on New Zealand Music, Past & Present, with Michael Brown (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2017)
* Music at German Courts, 1715–1760: Changing Artistic Priorities, with Barbara M. Reul and Janice B. Stockigt (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2011; paperback, 2015)
* Johann Sigismund Kusser, Adonis (Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, 2009)
# Ararat Valley

The Ararat Valley is a vital geographical area located in the southern part of Armenia, encompassing part of the Aras River basin. It is known for its rich agricultural land and strategic significance. The valley lies near the border of Turkey, where Mount Ararat dominates the landscape.

## Geography

The Ararat Valley is located in the southwestern part of Armenia, stretching along the Aras River. It lies at an altitude ranging between 800 and 1,000 meters (2,600 and 3,300 ft), and is part of the broader Armenian Highland. This valley is bordered to the west by the Turkish border, where Mount Ararat, a volcanic massif, rises.
The valley is one of Armenia's most fertile regions due to its volcanic soils and ample water supply from the Aras River. Its climate is continental, with hot summers and cold winters, creating an environment conducive to agriculture, particularly vineyards, orchards, and various cereals. The landscape is a mix of cultivated farmland and semi-arid areas.
The valley also hosts the Khosrov Forest Reserve.

## Agriculture

The valley has been crucial for agriculture for millennia, particularly due to its fertile soils and favorable climate, which support the cultivation of grapes, apricots, and other fruits. This region is one of the oldest known centers of viticulture, and the Ararat brandy is globally recognized.
The region faces modern challenges such as overuse of water resources and soil degradation. Efforts to modernize farming practices and improve water management are ongoing, as sustainability becomes a greater concern for Armenia's agricultural future

## History

Historically, the Ararat Valley was part of the Armenian Highland, a key area for early Armenian civilization. It was home to several ancient cities, most notably Artashat and Dvin. Artashat was founded around 176 BC by King Artaxias I and became one of the major cities of Armenia, serving as its capital during the Artaxiad dynasty. Due to its strategic location along trade routes and its proximity to the Aras River, it became a thriving cultural and economic center. Dvin, founded in the 4th century AD, also served as a capital of Armenia and was a vibrant center of politics and commerce during the medieval period.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the valley remained a critical part of the Armenian Kingdom. The region was frequently contested by various empires, including the Byzantine, Persian, and later, Arab Caliphates, due to its fertile lands and strategic location along major trade routes. The Mongols also invaded the region during the 13th century AD, but Armenian culture and population persisted.
# Fresh (Shawn Desman album)

Fresh is the third studio album by Canadian singer Shawn Desman. It was first released in Canada on August 3, 2010. The album was preceded by its Top 20-peaking lead single "Shiver" and the Platinum-certified dual singles "Electric" and "Night Like This".

## Track listing

* "Fresh"
* "Electric"
* "Moneyshot"
* "Quickie"
* "Click"
* "Trouble"
* "Shiver"
* "Night Like This"
* "Impossible"
* "Something Stupid"
* "Dynamite"

## Chart performance
### Album

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 29 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Certification |
| Year | Single | CAN | Certification |
| 2010 | "Shiver" | 18 | MC: Gold |
| 2010 | "Night Like This" | 22 | MC: Platinum |
| 2010 | "Electric" | 23 | MC: Platinum |
| 2011 | "Moneyshot" | — | |
| 2011 | "Something Stupid" | — | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart. ||||
# Bonanza (song)

"Bonanza" is the musical theme for the NBC western television series Bonanza starring Lorne Greene. It was written for the series by Jay Livingston and Raymond Evans.
In 1961, it became a hit for Al Caiola and His Orchestra, whose instrumental recording (United Artists 302, backed with "Bounty Hunter") reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Johnny Cash version

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Billboard | |
Johnny Cash recorded an own version, with lyrics rewritten by him and his friend Johnny Western, and released it as a single on Columbia Records (Columbia 4-42512, "Bonanza!" with "Pick a Bale o' Cotton" on the opposite side) in July or August 1962. The Billboard magazine evaluated the single upon its release as having a "moderate sales potential", but "Bonanza" only grazed the Hot 100 and entirely missed the Billboard country chart, while "Pick a Bale o' Cotton" didn't make either.

### Background

   Rather than release another single from the album [The Sound of Johnny Cash (1962)], Columbia chose to issue "Bonanza," the theme to the hit television show, with lyrics rewritten by Cash and Johnny Western. The song briefly touched the Pop chart at #94 before dropping off, and did not hit the Country charts at all. The B-side was another Leadbelly adaptation, "Pick a Bale o' Cotton," that also failed to attract much attention.
   In 1963 Cash took another stab at a TV western theme song by cowriting and recording "Bonanza." This time, he and friend Johnny Western wrote their own lyrics to the musical theme, composed by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans, for the television series Bonanza. Cash's version was never used on the TV series about the Cartwright family, starring Lorne Greene, Pernell Roberts, Dan Blocker, and Michael Landon. But he did release it and include it on the Ring of Fire album. Interestingly, Cash would record a duet version of "Shifting Whispering Sands" with Lorne Greene.

### Track listing
## Charts

Al Caiola and His Orchestra version
| Chart (1961) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 19 |
Johnny Cash version
| Chart (1962) | Peak position |
| US Cash Box Country Singles | 24 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 94 |
# The Bondsman

The Bondsman is an upcoming American action horror television limited series created by Grainger David for Amazon Prime Video. The series is scheduled to premiere on April 3, 2025.

## Premise

A bounty hunter comes back from the dead and finds his job now has a demonic element after Lucifer reads the receipt wrong.

## Cast

* Kevin Bacon as Fred Herbert
* Jennifer Nettles as Maryanne
* Beth Grant as Kitty
* Damon Herriman as Lucky
* Maxwell Jenkins as Cade
* Jolene Purdy as Midge

## Production

In June 2023, it was reported that Prime Video commissioned eight half-hour episodes of the horror drama, created by Grainger David with Erik Oleson as showrunner and executive producer via his CrimeThink production company for whom Paul Shapiro also is executive producer. Jason Blum, Chris McCumber, Jeremy Gold and Chris Dickie executive produce for Blumhouse Television, as will Kevin Bacon and Grainger David.
Filming took place in Grantville, Georgia in April 2024.

### Casting

In June 2023, Kevin Bacon cast in the lead role as an undead bounty hunter. In January 2024, Jennifer Nettles was cast alongside Bacon. In March 2024, Beth Grant, Damon Herriman, Maxwell Jenkins, Jolene Purdy joined the show in series regular roles.
# Nathan Poole

Nathan Lewis Poole (born December 17, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the 10th round (250th overall) of the 1979 NFL draft by the Cincinnati Bengals after playing college football for the University of Louisville. He played in the NFL for six seasons, two for the Bengals and four for the Denver Broncos.
* This biographical article relating to an American football running back born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This University of Louisville-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gründau

Gründau (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district Main-Kinzig, in Hesse, Germany.

## Geography
### Neighbouring places

Gründau is located near Gelnhausen and Büdingen. Frankfurt am Main, the largest city in Hesse, is located in a distance of about 50 kilometres (30 mi).

### Division of the municipality

Gründau is a municipality that consists of seven villages, with a population of 14,653 in total (populations as of December 2021):
* Lieblos (pop. 3,761)
* Rothenbergen (pop. 3,979)
* Niedergründau (pop. 1,806)
* Mittel-Gründau (pop. 2,165)
* Hain-Gründau (pop. 1,753)
* Breitenborn (pop. 1,089)
* Gettenbach (pop. 461)

## History

Most of the villages are mentioned in church registers since the 11th century.

## Religious affiliation

* 54.1% Protestants
* 18.9% Catholics
* 27% other faiths

## Twin towns

* Laussonne, Département Haute-Loire (43), Auvergne, France
* Neugersdorf, Saxony (Sachsen), Germany
# VS-PLUS

VS-PLUS is a control method for road intersections controlled by traffic lights. The traffic lights are connected to a controller where VS-PLUS runs as a separate process.
The software is best suited for traffic-actuated control of an intersection. In order to detect the traffic, a sufficient number of detectors must be connected to the controller. The detector signals are typically scanned 10 times per second.
The software is suited as well for implementing public transport priority systems.
VS-PLUS does not provide a programming environment but allows the traffic engineer to parametrize the control. It uses an abstraction model for the necessary parameters such as "desired priority" that can be set as a parameter. VS-PLUS supports the North American NEMA software standard for intersection control.
Due to the parametrization capabilities the software can communicate with central traffic computers and implement their current strategy by parameter changes. This enables re-coordination of a Green Wave still keeping the local optimizations.
During development and test of the parameters, the control can be simulated on a PC using a microscopic traffic simulator (as TSIS-CORSIM, TransModeler, VISSIM, Aimsun Next, or Paramics).
# Charleston Municipal Airport

Charleston Municipal Airport (FAA LID: 09M) is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Charleston, a city in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

## Facilities and aircraft

Charleston Municipal Airport covers an area of 47 acres (19 ha) at an elevation of 175 feet (53 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,000 by 50 feet (914 x 15 m). For the 12-month period ending January 4, 2012, the airport had 5,700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 15 per day.
# Triggerfinger (song)

Triggerfinger is a 2013 song by Norwegian pop band Donkeyboy featuring uncredited vocals from Canadian musician Kiesza. It was released in Norway on 23 August 2013. The song peaked at number 9 on the Finnish Singles Chart.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 9 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Norway | 23 August 2013 | Digital download | Warner Music Norway |
# Wolves (Story of the Year album)

Wolves is the fifth studio album by American rock band Story of the Year. The album was released on December 8, 2017. In October 2017, the band released "Bang Bang", their first single in more than seven years.

## Background

After touring constantly for close to a decade, the band took a hiatus and started families. During that time, bass guitarist Adam Russell and the ensemble parted ways with Philip Sneed taking over on bass. However, in 2018, Sneed announced his departure, along with the return of Russell to the band. The group funded their album via PledgeMusic.

## Composition

Lead vocalist Dan Marsala states that "Bang Bang" "encompasses the message of the album at large – the idea of the wolves closing in and time running out". The singer goes on to say that "Wolves is a metaphor for time slipping away; how it’s like a pack of wolves closing in."

## Personnel
### Story of the Year

* Dan Marsala – lead vocals
* Ryan Phillips – guitars
* Philip Sneed – bass guitar, vocals
* Josh Wills – drums, percussion
# Sean Illing

Sean Illing is an American journalist, author, philosopher, and public speaker, currently serving as a senior writer at Vox and the host of the podcast The Gray Area. His work focuses on contemporary political philosophy, culture, and the intersection of ideas in modern society. Illing's career has spanned academia, journalism, and podcasting.

## Early life and education

Illing was born and raised in Biloxi, Mississippi, though he has strong ties to Louisiana, which he considers a second home. His family history traces back to New Orleans, and he spent significant time in Baton Rouge during his formative years. Illing earned a Doctorate in political science and philosophy from Louisiana State University (LSU) in 2014. His academic work focused on political theory, exploring the philosophical underpinnings of ideologies and their impact on individual and collective identities.

## Career

Before transitioning to journalism, Illing worked as an adjunct professor at LSU and Loyola University. He taught courses on politics and philosophy but found limited opportunities for tenure-track positions in academia. This led him to pivot toward writing and journalism.
Illing began his journalism career as a blogger and freelance writer. His early work appeared in outlets such as Salon, Slate, The Huffington Post, and Alternet. In 2016, he joined Vox as an interviews writer. Over the years, he has conducted interviews with figures in politics, philosophy, and culture. His writing often delves into the philosophical dimensions of contemporary issues.
In addition to his journalistic work, Illing co-authored the book The Paradox of Democracy with Zac Gershberg. Illing is the host of The Gray Area, a podcast that takes a philosophical approach to discussions on culture, technology, politics, and ideas. Published by the University of Chicago Press, the book examines the challenges facing democratic systems in an era dominated by misinformation and media fragmentation.

## Personal life

Illing resides in Gulfport, Mississippi. He is a veteran of the United States Air Force, where he served as a paramedic from 2002 to 2005. His experiences in both military service and academia have shaped his perspectives on politics and society.
# Trip Lang

Trip Lang (English: Just For Fun) is a song by Filipino rapper and songwriter Shehyee from his 2013 eponymous album, and his first released single from the album. The song features Filipina actress and entertainer Sam Pinto singing the hook. It was released on 23 April 2013. The track was on a massive success locally in the Philippines hitting number one on several charts in the country. It was released on iTunes in April 2013.

## Reception

It was nominated as the Best Rap Recording on the 27th Awit Awards.
# Greg Quick

Phillip "Greg" Quick (born November 30, 1956) is the defensive line coach for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is formerly a gridiron football player. Quick served as the head football coach at the University of Chicago (1989–1993), St. Norbert College (1994–1998), and Concord University (2003–2008), compiling a career college football record of 48–112. He has also served as the Director of Global Scouting for the CFL. In this capacity, he was responsible for attending combines held in different countries and identifying global players that could play in the CFL.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Chicago Maroons (University Athletic Association) (1989–1993) ||||||
| 1989 | Chicago | 2–7 | 0–3 | |
| 1990 | Chicago | 1–9 | 0–4 | |
| 1991 | Chicago | 0–10 | 0–4 | |
| 1992 | Chicago | 3–7 | 1–3 | |
| 1993 | Chicago | 5–5 | 2–2 | |
| Chicago: | Chicago: | 11–38 | 3–16 | |
| St. Norbert Green Knights (Midwest Conference) (1994–1998) ||||||
| 1994 | St. Norbert | 6–3 | 4–1 | T–1st (North) |
| 1995 | St. Norbert | 1–8 | 1–4 | 5th (North) |
| 1996 | St. Norbert | 5–4 | 4–1 | 2nd (North) |
| 1997 | St. Norbert | 4–5 | 2–3 | T–3rd (North) |
| 1998 | St. Norbert | 5–5 | 5–4 | 5th |
| St. Norbert: | St. Norbert: | 21–25 | 16–13 | |
| Concord Mountain Lions (West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (2003–2008) ||||||
| 2003 | Concord | 3–8 | 2–5 | T–7th |
| 2004 | Concord | 5–6 | 4–3 | T–3rd |
| 2005 | Concord | 4–7 | 3–5 | 6th |
| 2006 | Concord | 3–8 | 3–4 | 9th |
| 2007 | Concord | 1–10 | 0–8 | 9th |
| 2008 | Concord | 0–11 | 0–8 | 9th |
| Concord: | Concord: | 16–49 | 9–37 | |
| Total: | Total: | 48–112 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Worry About You (song)

"Worry About You" is a song by British singer-songwriter Tyler James featuring vocals from English rapper Kano. The track was released as the second single from James' second studio album A Place I Go and peaked at number 38 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Worry About You" was first released onto YouTube on 1 January 2013.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 38 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 17 February 2013 | Digital download | Island Records |