OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thiuram disulfide

Thiuram disulfides are a class of organosulfur compounds with the formula (R$_2$NCSS)$_2$. Many examples are known, but popular ones include R = Me and R = Et. They are disulfides obtained by oxidation of the dithiocarbamates. These compounds are used in sulfur vulcanization of rubber as well as in the manufacture of pesticides and drugs. They are typically white or pale yellow solids that are soluble in organic solvents.

## Preparation, structure, reactions

Thiuram disulfides are prepared by oxidizing the salts of the corresponding dithiocarbamates (e.g. sodium diethyldithiocarbamate). Typical oxidants employed include chlorine and hydrogen peroxide:
    2 R$_2$NCS−2Na$^+$ + Cl$_2$ → (R$_2$NC(S)S)$_2$ + 2 NaCl
Thiuram disulfides react with Grignard reagents to give esters of dithiocarbamic acid, as in the preparation of methyl dimethyldithiocarbamate:
    [Me$_2$NC(S)S]$_2$ + MeMgX → Me$_2$NC(S)SMe + Me$_2$NCS$_2$MgX
The compounds feature planar dithiocarbamate subunits and are linked by an S−S bond of 2.00 Å. The C(S)−N bond is short (1.33 Å), indicative of multiple bonding. The dihedral angle between the two dithiocarbamate subunits approaches 90°.
Thiuram disulfides are weak oxidants. They can be reduced to dithiocarbamates. Treatment of a thiuram disulfide with triphenylphosphine, or with cyanide salts, yields the corresponding thiuram sulfide:
    (R$_2$NC(S)S)$_2$ + PPh$_3$ → (R$_2$NCS)$_2$S + S=PPh$_3$
Chlorination of thiuram disulfide affords the thiocarbamoyl chloride.

## Applications

The tetramethyl derivative, known as thiram, is a widely used fungicide. The tetraethyl derivative, known as disulfiram, is commonly used to treat chronic alcoholism. It produces an acute sensitivity to alcohol ingestion by blocking metabolism of acetaldehyde by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to a higher concentration of the aldehyde in the blood, which in turn produces symptoms of a severe hangover.

## Safety

In 2005–06, thiuram mix was the 13th most prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.9%).
# Vineetha Wijesuriya

Dr. Vineetha Wijesuriya (born 1970) is an Australian female chess player born in Sri Lanka. She has been living in Victoria, Australia, since 2008.
# Avner Gvaryahu

Avner Gvaryahu (Hebrew: אבנר גבריהו; born 1983/1984) is the current executive director of the Israeli-based non-profit Breaking the Silence.

## Early life and education

Gvaryahu was born to a religious, Zionist family. He was raised in Rehovot, alongside his two brothers and two sisters. He attended a yeshiva until grade 12, after which he volunteered with the Israeli Scouts for a year.
After joining the Israeli Defense Forces in 2004, he served as a sergeant in the Orev unit of the paratroopers until 2007. While serving in the IDF in Nablus and Jenin, Gvaryahu realized the negative effects of the IDF on Palestinian communities. He later claimed that his commanders encouraged members of his battalion to kill, rather than arrest, targets.
After serving in the IDF, Gvaryahu studied social work in Tel Aviv.

## Activism

Gvaryahu was working with Breaking the Silence by 2011. At the time, he worked as a tour guide for the non-profit, showing visitors the impact of the occupation in the West Bank.
By 2014, Gvaryahu was the non-profit's spokesperson.
In 2018, Gvaryahu, by then the group's CEO, and three other members of Breaking the Silence leadership were detained by Israeli border police in Mitzpe Yair while leading a tour in the South Hebron Hills.
Gvaryahu has spoken out against Israeli military campaigns in the occupied territories, such as raids on the West Bank's Jenin refugee camp. He has clarified that although he believes Israel has a right to self-defense, he does not believe current military activity in the occupied territories constitutes self-defense.

## Personal life

In 2016, Gvaryahu became a target in a campaign by Im Tirzu, which accused him of being planted by a foreign government.
Gvaryahu and his wife, who works as a journalist, live in Tel Aviv.
# Superlove (Lenny Kravitz song)

"Superlove" is a song by Lenny Kravitz from his 2011 album Black and White America, which was remixed by Avicii. The track was released on May 29, 2012 as a digital download in the United Kingdom and charted in the UK, Belgium, Hungary and the Netherlands. Lenny has released a music video for this song to YouTube on August 27.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 7 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 29 |
| Hungary (Dance Top 40) | 16 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 6 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 25 |
| Poland (Dance Top 50) | 18 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 49 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 2 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | May 29, 2012 | Digital download | Roadrunner |
# Latin Mass Magazine

The Latin Mass: A Journal of Catholic Culture, commonly referred to as Latin Mass Magazine, is an American Catholic magazine published quarterly, with a traditionalist Catholic viewpoint. It is based in Ramsey, New Jersey.

## History and profile

Latin Mass Magazine was established in 1992. Published by the Catholic organization Keep the Faith, the magazine is a strong supporter of the traditional Tridentine Mass. It has often expressed skepticism about the liturgical and other reforms introduced by the Second Vatican Council and Popes John XXIII and Paul VI. The magazine advocates for traditional gender roles and complementarism. The magazine admires Pope Benedict XVI because of his emphasis on traditional Catholic dogma and apparent desire to widen the use of the Tridentine Mass in the church.
The magazine claims to be "one of the fastest growing Catholic periodicals in the country." In a 2006 interview with The Wanderer, a Catholic weekly newspaper, former publisher Roger McCaffrey claimed: "In 10 years, the circulation of Latin Mass Magazine will be higher than that of [Jesuit Magazine] America."
According to its mission statement, the magazine attempts to combat what it sees as "accelerating secularism" by emphasizing a "return of the Church to tradition and authentic organic development". The magazine also holds conferences to encourage conservative priests and laity in furthering a more traditional approach to Catholic teaching and liturgy, and it hopes to establish a study center "that will assist the articulation of Catholic tradition".
Tom Woods had been managing editor starting in 1996. The magazine's most recent managing editor was John W. Blewett, who died February 8, 2013.
The publication has seen occasional controversy, such as its dispute with The Wanderer over Humanae Vitae, Paul VI's encyclical on birth control.
# Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits

Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits is a long-playing vinyl album of country and western themed songs recorded by Bing Crosby for Capitol Records on October 29 and 31, 1963.
The album was re-released on CD by Collectors' Choice Music (CCM 221-2) in 2001, paired with That Travelin' Two-Beat under the title "Two Classic Albums from Bing Crosby".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Record Mirror | |
Billboard reviewed the album saying, "For the first time Crosby devotes his vast musical talent to only top country material. Demonstrating his feeling and understanding of lyric in such standouts as the classic “Four Walls” and “Jealous Heart.” Crosby maintains his own great style."
Variety liked it too. "The consistency of Bing Crosby’s talent over the decades is an authentic show biz phenomenon. In this set, the veteran singer finds himself in a very congenial groove with a group of backwoods ballads which he delivers with an easygoing lilt just tailored for this material."
BING magazine: “Without question, this new Crosby album has raised more comment than any other new release for many a year - never has my mailbag been filled with so much comment devoted to the latest record release…generally the album, except for the comment re Bing having a cold on some of the tracks, is being received with great enthusiasm all round.”

## Personnel

Details of the sessions and the musicians involved are:
October 29, 1963 9 AM-12:30 PM
Musicians: Glen Campbell, Barney Kessel, Bill Pitman (gtr), Don Bagley (bass), Gene Garf (pno), Ed Hall (dr), Emil Richards (Radocchia) (perc), Robert Barene, Isadore Roman, Ralph Schaeffer, John DeVoogdt, Elliott Fisher, John Vidor, Darrel Terwilliger, Tibor Zelig (vln), Alexander Neiman, Allan Harshman (vla), Hyman Gold, Jesse Ehrlich (cello), Bill Justis (ldr), Hy Lesnick (O.M.)
50785 Still - Cap (Int) ST-23063
50786 Wabash Cannonball
50787 A Little Bitty Tear - Cap (Int) ST-23063
50788 Jealous Heart
October 31, 1963 9 AM-12 Noon
Musicians: Glen Campbell, Barney Kessel, Bill Pitman (gtr), Don Bagley (bass), Gene Garf (pno), Ed Hall (dr), Emil Richards (Radocchia) (perc), Robert Barene, Isadore Roman, Sidney Sharp, John DeVoogdt, Elliott Fisher, John Vidor, Darrel Terwilliger, Victor Arno (vln), Alexander Neiman, Allan Harshman (vla), Hyman Gold, Jesse Ehrlich (cello), Bill Justis (ldr), Hy Lesnick (O.M.)
50795 Four Walls - Cap. SM-11737 (Int) ST-23063
50796 Wolverton Mountain
50797 Hello Walls - (Int) ST-23063
50798 Crazy Arms
October 31, 1963 1 PM-4:30 PM
Musicians: David Gates, Barney Kessel, Louis Morell (gtr), Don Bagley (bass), Gene Garf (pno), Ed Hall (dr), Emil Richards (Radocchia) (perc), Robert Barene, Sidney Sharp, John DeVoogdt, Darrel Terwilliger, Nathan Ross, Emanuel Moss, Arthur Brown, Joseph Stepansky (vln), Alexander Neiman, Allan Harshman (vla), Hyman Gold, Jesse Ehrlich (cello), Bill Justis (ldr), Hy Lesnick (O.M.)
50799 Oh, Lonesome Me - Cap. SM-11737, (Int) ST-23063
50800 Bouquet of Roses
50801 Heartaches By the Number
50802 Sunflower
# Bobino-Grzybki

Bobino-Grzybki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoniawy-Bramura, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Musarrat Jamshed

Musarrat Jamshed is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023. She is married to Jamshed Iqbal Cheema who is also a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf member and politician.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) on a reserved seat for women in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# BBC Earth (Canadian TV channel)

BBC Earth is a Canadian discretionary service channel owned by Blue Ant Media. It is a localized version of the international BBC Earth brand, which is licensed from BBC Studios, a subsidiary of the BBC. The channel broadcasts factual programming related to natural history and wildlife.

## History

In April 2006, John Panikkar (co-founder of the channel's original owner, High Fidelity HDTV), was granted a licence by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch AHD (for Adrenaline HD), described as "a national, English-language Category 2 high definition (HD) specialty programming undertaking... that would focus on the impact of high definition imagery on high-octane, limit-defying human activity and adventure that tests individual personal limits, both physical and mental."
The channel launched on September 5, 2006 as Rush HD, with its name, and much of its programming, licensed from Rainbow Media, the owners of the Voom HD Networks, owners of the original Rush HD-branded channel in the United States.
Like its American counterpart, Rush HD originally broadcast programming largely focused on high adventure and extreme sports such as snowboarding, windsurfing, bungee jumping, and cliff diving. Over a year after the American version shut down, Rush rebranded as radX on August 23, 2010. With the rebrand, programming was expanded to include a broader range of action-related programming such as feature films, outdoor lifestyle, travel, reality television, and other programming aimed primarily at men.
On December 21, 2011, radX's parent company, High Fidelity HDTV, announced that it had entered into an agreement to be purchased outright by Blue Ant Media, majority owners of Glassbox Television and minority owners of Quarto Communications. While initially purchasing 29.9% of the company, the remaining 70.1% was purchased after it was approved by the CRTC.
In December 2016, Blue Ant Media announced that it had reached an agreement with BBC Worldwide to rebrand radX as BBC Earth in January 2017, later confirmed officially as January 23, 2017. Blue Ant Media has had a history of partnerships with the BBC, while its CEO Michael MacMillan assisted in launching the BBC Canada channel whilst working for Alliance Atlantis. BBC Worldwide North America president Ann Sarnoff remarked that Blue Ant Media had a strong interest in factual programming, and that the timing of the launch would coincide with the then-upcoming North American premiere of Planet Earth II.
# Micronia aculeata

Micronia aculeata also known as Grey Swallowtail Moth is a species of moth of subfamily Microniinae of family Uraniidae found in Myanmar, India and Sri Lanka towards Sulawesi. It was first described by Achille Guenée in 1857.

## Description

Its wingspan is 42–50 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen white with a fuscous tinge. Wings white, closely striated with fuscous; somewhat ill-defined antemedial, medial, and postmedial fuscous oblique bands; a fine marginal line and black spot at base of tail of hindwing. Underside white or fuscous.

## Gallery

* Micronia aculeata at Madikai, Kerala, India
* In Kaludiya Pokuna Forest, Kandalama, Sri Lanka
* Micronia aculeata, spotted at Attoor, Kanyakumari, India.
# Olivia Weaver

Olivia Weaver (née Fiechter; born 15 September 1995) is an American professional squash player. She reached a career high ranking of number 4 in the world during May 2024.

## Career

Weaver played at the junior level for Team USA as a teenager, representing them at the 2012, 2013, and 2014 junior world championships, with her highest finish being a place in the round of 16 in 2014 in Windhoek, Namibia.
From 2014 to 2018, Weaver played at Princeton University, occupying primarily the number 1 position throughout her career with the tigers. She won the 2018 Rhode Island Open professional tournament, beating Egyptian Menna Nasser in the final.
In 2022, she was part of the United States team that reached the final of the 2022 Women's World Team Squash Championships. It was the first time that the United States had reached the final.
In May 2024, Weaver won her first ever individual world medal, a bronze in Cairo, after losing out 3-2 in a tightly contested battle against 7-time Egyptian world champion Nour El Sherbini at the 2024 PSA Women's World Squash Championship. In December 2024, Weaver helped the United States win the silver medal at the 2024 Women's World Team Squash Championships.
In March 2025, Weaver won her 10th PSA title after securing victory in the Australian Open during the 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour.

## Personal life

In October of 2023, Fiechter married her longtime boyfriend Bobby Weaver, who also attended Princeton University.
# Gulraiz Afzal Gondal

Gulraiz Afzal Gondal is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Family

He belongs to a prominent political family of Gondals.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency PP-68 (Mandi Bahauddin-IV) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Bochna

Bochna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nur, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Legacy (journal)

Legacy, A Journal of American Women Writers, is a scholarly journal that focuses on American women's writings from the 17th through the mid-20th century. It is the official journal of the Society for the Study of American Women Writers.
Each issue's articles cover a wide range of topics: examinations of the works of individual authors; genre studies; analyses of race, ethnicity, gender, class, and sexualities in women's literature; and historical and material cultural issues pertinent to women's lives and literary works. In addition, Legacy regularly publishes profiles of lesser-known or newly recovered authors, reprints of primary works in all genres, and book reviews covering current scholarship in the field.
Legacy is published twice a year by the University of Nebraska Press and is available online through Project MUSE or through university electronic journal websites.
# Marwan al-Ghafory

Marwan Ahmed al-Ghafory (Arabic: مروان الغفوري, born in 1980) is a Yemeni novelist, writer and cardiologist. He has been based in Germany since 2011. He has published many literary books and was awarded Sharjah Prize for Arab Creativity for his poetry work entitled, Layal, (Nights), in 2005. He is known for his political articles.

## Early life and education

Al-Ghafory was born in 1980 in Taiz Governorate. Marwan grew up and studied his basic education in Taiz, Yemen. In 1998 Marwan got a scholarship from the government to pursue higher studies in Egypt. He obtained a bachelor in medicine from Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine in 2006. Then he received a master in Cardiovascular Medicine from Cairo University in 2009. Marwan left to Germany in 2011 and obtained a certificate of specialization in 2016. He has been working there as cardiologist since then. He also writes in many local and international newspapers.

## Publications
### Poetry

* Layal (Nights), 2004

### Novels

* Waiting for the Prophecy of Yathrib, 2006
* Code Blue, 2008
* Al-Khazraji, 2013
* Jada’eel Saada, 2014
* Taghribet Mansour Al-Araj, 2015.

## Awards

* Sharjah Prize for Arab Creativity for his poetry work, Layal, (Nights), 2005
* Dar Naji Nouman Award for his poetry work, Moden fy Na'al El-Mushah, “Cities in Pedestrian Slippers", 2008
# Jameh Mosque of Kermanshah

The Jameh Mosque of Kermanshah, also called the Chehel Sotoun mosque, is located in the old City of Kermanshah, on Modarres Street, to Rashid Yasemi Street.
# Inge Dekker

Inge Dekker (born 18 August 1985) is a Dutch former competitive swimmer who specialised in butterfly and freestyle events. She won the bronze medal with the Dutch women's 4×100-metre freestyle relay team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, alongside teammates Inge de Bruijn, Marleen Veldhuis and Chantal Groot. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Dekker became Olympic champion in the 4×100-metre freestyle together with Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Femke Heemskerk and Marleen Veldhuis, setting a then Olympic record. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she was part of the Dutch 4 x 100 metre freestyle team that won the silver medal, with Veldhuis, Heemskerk and Kromowidjojo, behind the Australian team who set a new Olympic record.

## Personal life

Dekker's younger sister Lia was also a member of the Dutch national swimming team.
In February 2016, Dekker was diagnosed with cervical cancer. In March, she had a successful surgery and the Dutch Swimming Federation announced she continued to train for claiming a berth on the Dutch Olympic team. She made the 2016 Summer Olympics, which were her fourth Olympics.

## Personal bests

Short course :
| Event | Time | Date | Location |
| 50 m freestyle | 23.53 | 2009-12-11 | Istanbul, Turkey |
| 100 m freestyle | 51.35 | 2009-12-11 | Istanbul, Turkey |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:54.73 | 2014-12-03 | Doha, Qatar |
| 50 m butterfly | NR 24.59 | 2014-09-01 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| 100 m butterfly | NR 55.74 | 2009-12-13 | Istanbul, Turkey |
| 200 m butterfly | 2:09.98 | 2006-12-07 | Helsinki, Finland |
Long course :
| Event | Time | Date | Location |
| 50 m freestyle | 24.42 | 2012-03-16 | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| 100 m freestyle | 53.61 | 2009-07-26 | Rome, Italy |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:57.00 | 2009-07-28 | Rome, Italy |
| 50 m butterfly | 25.50 | 2014-06-15 | Rome, Italy |
| 100 m butterfly | 57.32 | 2014-07-11 | Dordrecht, Netherlands |
# Waterford Valley, St. John's

Waterford Valley is a neighbourhood in the west end of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
The Waterford Valley is an affluent area which encompasses the areas from Topsail Road in the north to the Southside Hills at the south, stretching west from the end of Water Street to the city's border with Mount Pearl. This area is home to the Waterford Bridge Road area.
The Waterford psychiatric hospital is in Waterford valley. The hospital is scheduled to close in 2025.

## Notable features of the Waterford Valley

* Bowring Park
# Piano Solo (Thelonious Monk album)

Piano Solo is a 1954 album by jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, recorded in Paris, France, on June 4, 1954, originally for a radio broadcast.
The original album was released on the French Disques Vogue label as a 10" LP. Several of the song titles were listed inaccurately on the original release, and Monk's first name included an extra 'o'. The material has been re-released over the years, under a number of titles, on GNP Crescendo and other labels. Some releases include "Hackensack" as an additional track, sometimes listed inaccurately as "Well You Needn't (take 2)."
A 2017 re-release by Sony contains all tracks from the original, but in recording order (now reported as being from Club d'Essai, Paris—this was the location of the recording studio); plus, for the first time, an announcement by André Francis. This edition also includes previously unreleased tracks from Monk's June 1 and 3, 1954 trio concerts at the Salle Pleyel, Paris.

## Track listing

All compositions by Thelonious Monk except where indicated.

### Side 1

* 'Round About Midnight
* Evidence [originally listed as "Reflections"]
* Smoke Gets in Your Eyes (Jerome Kern)
* Well You Needn't

### Side 2

* Reflections [originally listed as "Portrait Of An Ermite"]
* We See [originally listed as "Manganése"]
* Eronel
* Off Minor

## 2017 Sony expanded release

* Introduction by André Francis 0:52
* Evidence 3:05
* Smoke Gets in Your Eyes 3:27
* Hackensack 3:04
* 'Round Midnight 5:18
* Eronel 2:34
* Off Minor 2:34
* Well, You Needn't 3:28
* Portrait of an Ermite (Reflections) 5:00
* Manganese (We See) 2:36
* Announcement (Presenter – Jacques Souplet) 1:31
* Well, You Needn't (Live At Salle Pleyel, 6/1/1954) 6:02
* 'Round Midnight (Live At Salle Pleyel, 6/1/1954) 5:18
* Off Minor (Live At Salle Pleyel, 6/1/1954) 5:10
* Hackensack / Epistrophy (Live At Salle Pleyel, 6/1/1954) 3:32
* 'Round Midnight (Incomplete) (Live At Salle Pleyel, 6/3/1954) 2:56

### Personnel

* Bass – Jean-Marie Ingrand (tracks 11 to 16)
* Drums – Jean-Louis Viale (tracks 11 to 15)
* Drums [Probably] – Gérard "Dave" Pochonet (tracks 16)
# Jadab Lal Debnath

Jadab Lal Debnath (born 1968) is an Indian politician from Tripura. He is a member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from Bagbassa Assembly constituency in North Tripura district. He won the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Debnath is from Jubarajnagar, North Tripura district, Tripura. He is the son of late Akshay Kumar Debnath. He studied Class 12 Padmapur HS School and passed the Tripura Board of Secondary Education examinations in 1986. His wife is in government service.

## Career

Debnath won from Bagbassa Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election. He polled 18,905 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Bijita Nath of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), by a margin of 1,461 votes.