# Gironde

Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-, French: ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced) is the largest department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).

## History

Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.
From 1793 to 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the Girondist political party of the French Revolution.
In July 2022, Gironde was affected by large wildfires.

## Geography

Gironde is part of the current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. With an area of 10,000 km$^2$, Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France, and the second-largest in entire France. Its size is larger than Lebanon or the province of Banten. If overseas departments are included, however, Gironde's land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km$^2$ of French Guiana.
Gironde is well known for the Côte d'Argent beach which is Europe's longest, attracting many surfers to Lacanau each year. It is also the birthplace of Jacques-Yves Cousteau who studied the sea and all forms of life in water.
The Great Dune of Pyla in Arcachon Bay near Bordeaux is the tallest sand dune in Europe.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1801 | 502,723 | — |
| 1806 | 522,371 | +0.77% |
| 1821 | 522,041 | −0.00% |
| 1831 | 554,225 | +0.60% |
| 1841 | 568,034 | +0.25% |
| 1851 | 614,387 | +0.79% |
| 1861 | 667,193 | +0.83% |
| 1872 | 705,149 | +0.50% |
| 1881 | 748,703 | +0.67% |
| 1891 | 793,528 | +0.58% |
| 1901 | 821,131 | +0.34% |
| 1911 | 829,095 | +0.10% |
| 1921 | 819,128 | −0.12% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1931 | 852,768 | +0.40% |
| 1936 | 850,567 | −0.05% |
| 1946 | 858,381 | +0.09% |
| 1954 | 896,517 | +0.54% |
| 1962 | 935,448 | +0.53% |
| 1968 | 1,009,390 | +1.28% |
| 1975 | 1,061,480 | +0.72% |
| 1982 | 1,127,546 | +0.87% |
| 1990 | 1,213,499 | +0.92% |
| 1999 | 1,287,532 | +0.66% |
| 2006 | 1,393,758 | +1.14% |
| 2011 | 1,463,662 | +0.98% |
| 2016 | 1,566,679 | +1.37% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
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### Principal towns

The most populous commune is Bordeaux, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 30,000 inhabitants:
| Commune | Population (2019) |
| Bordeaux | 260,958 |
| Mérignac | 72,197 |
| Pessac | 65,245 |
| Talence | 43,820 |
| Villenave-d'Ornon | 36,754 |
| Saint-Médard-en-Jalles | 31,808 |
| Bègles | 30,642 |

## Politics

The President of the Departmental Council is Jean-Luc Gleyze of the Socialist Party.
| Party | Party | seats |
| • | Socialist Party | 45 |
| | The Republicans | 12 |
| • | French Communist Party | 3 |
| | Miscellaneous Right | 1 |
| | MoDem | 1 |
| | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition | 1 |

### Current National Assembly Representatives

| Constituency | Member | Party |
| Gironde's 1st constituency | Dominique David | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 2nd constituency | Catherine Fabre | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 3rd constituency | Loïc Prud'homme | La France Insoumise |
| Gironde's 4th constituency | Alain David | Socialist Party |
| Gironde's 5th constituency | Benoît Simian | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 6th constituency | Éric Poulliat | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 7th constituency | Bérangère Couillard | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 8th constituency | Sophie Panonacle | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 9th constituency | Sophie Mette | MoDem |
| Gironde's 10th constituency | Florent Boudié | La République En Marche! |
| Gironde's 11th constituency | Edwige Diaz | National Rally |
| Gironde's 12th constituency | Christelle Dubos | La République En Marche! |

## Tourism

* Bordeaux
* Bordeaux wine
* The Great Dune of Pyla
* Arcachon Bay
* Bourg-sur-Gironde
* Château de la Brède, birthplace of Montesquieu
* The Gironde estuary seen from the citadel of Blaye
* Grottoes of Ferrand
* Château d'Eck