# List of urban areas in the European Union

This is a list of urban areas in the European Union with over 500,000 inhabitants as of 2022. The data comes from Demographia and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Demographia provides figures for urban areas (including conurbations), while the UN DESA figures are a mix agglomerations, cities proper and metropolitan areas. For comparison, Function Urban Area (FUA) population figures by Eurostat are also provided, however, these measure the wider metropolitan areas.

## Important notes

* This is a list of urban areas, not a list of metropolitan areas. Urban areas are contiguous built-up areas where houses are typically not more than 200 m (660 ft) apart, not including rivers, parks, roads, industrial fields, etc. A metropolitan area is an urban area plus any satellite cities around it and any agricultural land in between. For instance Paris is sometimes listed with 12 million inhabitants, Stuttgart is frequently listed with 2.2 million inhabitants, Munich with 2 million or more, etc., indicating the wider metropolitan area of those places. Metropolitan areas, which imply much more complicated definitions (such as the proportion of people in satellite cities working in the core of the metropolitan area), can be accurately computed only by statistical offices, after they have chosen a definition for metropolitan areas, whereas urban areas can be computed by any institution or person with the study of maps, satellite imagery and other geographical data in order to determine the outer limits of a continuous built-up area with one or more neighbouring cities. Furthermore, the list does not make a difference between cities that have multiple satellites and cities that do not. Therefore, two cities with the same demographics for their urban area will have an equal ranking on this list, even if one of the two cities may be much larger as it is the core of a number of satellites.
* This is a list of urban areas, not a list of administrative cities. For example, the list of conurbations contains the urban area of Lille-Kortrijk. Lille and Kortrijk remain two very distinct cities, each belonging to a different country, culture and language area. For a list of the largest cities of the European Union by population, see List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits.

## Urban areas over 500,000 inhabitants (2015–2022)

| Rank | Urban area | State | Population (2023) (urban areas; Demographia) | ESPON Population (Functional Urban Area) | Population (UN) | FUA population (metropolitan areas; Eurostat) | Density (per km$^2$; Demographia) | Annual growth rate (%) |
| 1 | Paris | France | 11,108,000 | 12,998,583 | 10,901,000 (agglomeration) | 13,125,142 (2020) | 3,893 | 1.83 |
| 2 | Madrid | Spain | 6,798,000 | 5,263,000 | 6,497,000 (city proper) | 6,982,656 (2022) | 4,980 | |
| 3 | Ruhr | Germany | 6,769,000 | 5,376,000 | N/A | N/A | 2,523 | |
| 4 | Milan | Italy | 5,471,000 | 7,636,000 | 3,132,000 (metro) | 4,934,205 (2022) | 2,459 | |
| 5 | Barcelona | Spain | 5,317,000 | 4,082,000 | 5,494,000 (city proper) | 5,093,585 (2022) | 4,959 | |
| 6 | Berlin | Germany | 4,286,000 | 4,016,000 | 3,552,000 (city proper) | 4,979,867 (2021) | 3,134 | |
| 7 | Naples | Italy | 3,653,000 | 3,714,000 | 2,198,000 (metro) | 3,303,711 (2022) | 3,544 | |
| 8 | Athens | Greece | 3,309,000 | 3,761,000 | 3,156,000 (agglomeration) | 3,828,434 (2011) | 5,678 | |
| 9 | Rome | Italy | 3,239,000 | 5,190,000 | 4,210,956 (metro) | 4,291,581 (2022) | 2,829 | |
| 10 | Rotterdam–The Hague | Netherlands | 3,027,000 | 1,904,000 | N/A | 3,035,679 (2022) | 2,981 | |
| 11 | Lisbon | Portugal | 2,832,000 | 2,591,000 | 2,927,000 (metro) | 3,049,222 (2023) | 2,979 | |
| 12 | Budapest | Hungary | 2,407,000 | 2,523,000 | 1,759,00 (city proper) | 3,001,643 (2022) | 2,414 | |
| 13 | Brussels | Belgium | 2,238,000 | 2,639,000 | 2,050,000 (metro) | 3,350,969 (2022) | 2,572 | 0.02 |
| 14 | Cologne–Bonn | Germany | 2,218,000 | 3,070,000 | N/A | 3,005,728 (2021) | 2,845 | |
| 15 | Stockholm | Sweden | 2,200,000 | 2,171,000 | 1,583,000 (agglomeration) | 2,308,143 (2018) | 2,598 | 0.58 |
| 16 | Hamburg | Germany | 2,189,000 | 2,983,000 | 1,793,000 (city proper) | 3,421,692 (2021) | 2,753 | |
| 17 | Munich | Germany | 2,112,000 | 2,665,000 | 1,504,000 (city proper) | 3,016,834 (2021) | 4,384 | 0.72 |
| 18 | Bucharest | Romania | 2,097,000 | 2,064,000 | 1,821,000 (city proper) | 2,412,530 (2015) | 5,092 | 0.10 |
| 19 | Frankfurt | Germany | 2,055,000 | 2,764,000 | n/a | 2,678,557 (2021) | 3,112 | |
| 20 | Vienna | Austria | 2,030,000 | 2,584,000 | 1,901,000 (city proper) | n/a | 6,029 | 1.04 |
| 21 | Warsaw | Poland | 2,028,000 | 2,785,000 | 1,768,000 (city proper) | 3,374,742 (2022) | 3,711 | |
| 22 | Katowice | Poland | 1,903,000 | 3,029,000 | N/A | 2,417,386 (2022) | 2,615 | |
| 23 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | 1,736,000 | 2,497,000 | 1,132,000 (agglomeration) | 2,915,114 (2022) | 3,565 | |
| 24 | Copenhagen | Denmark | 1,650,000 | 2,350,000 | 1,321,000 (metro) | n/a | 2,922 | |
| 25 | Valencia | Spain | 1,547,000 | 1,398,000 | N/A | 1,775,845 (2022) | 3,930 | 0.29 |
| 26 | Turin | Italy | 1,492,000 | 1,601,000 | 1,786,000 (metro) | 1,712,372 (2022) | 3,919 | −0.16 |
| 27 | Lyon | France | 1,424,000 | 1,669,000 | 1,690,000 (agglomeration) | 2,280,845 (2019) | 3,089 | 0.50 |
| 28 | Marseille | France | 1,406,000 | 1,530,000 | 1,599,000 (agglomeration) | 1,879,601 (2020) | 2,041 | 0.46 |
| 29 | Stuttgart | Germany | 1,397,000 | 2,289,000 | N/A | 2,531,040 (2020) | 2,931 | |
| 30 | Dublin | Ireland | 1,386,000 | 1,477,000 | 1,201,000 (agglomeration) | 1,793,902 (2011) | 3,006 | 1.14 |
| 31 | Porto | Portugal | 1,364,000 | 1,245,000 | 1,307,000 (agglomeration) | 1,316,989 (2023) | 1,715 | |
| 32 | Lille | France, Belgium | 1,315,000 | 1,379,000 | 1,054,000 (agglomeration) | 1,515,061 (2020) | 2,489 | 0.50 |
| 33 | Prague | Czech Republic | 1,240,000 | 1,669,000 | 1,292,000 (city proper) | 2,216,746 (2022) | 4,023 | −0.07 |
| 34 | Helsinki | Finland | 1,146,000 | 1,285,000 | 1,279,000 (agglomeration) | 1,551,959 (2022) | 2,223 | 0.81 |
| 35 | Seville | Spain | 1,138,000 | 1,180,000 | N/A | 1,556,975 (2022) | 4,185 | |
| 36 | Sofia | Bulgaria | 1,087,000 | 3,174,000 | 1,272,000 (agglomeration) | 1,531,867 (2022) | 5,246 | 0.78 |
| 37 | Antwerp | Belgium | 1,070,000 | 1,406,000 | 1,032,000 (metro) | 1,157,068 (2022) | 1,608 | 0.05 |
| 38 | Toulouse | France | 946,000 | 832,000 | N/A | 1,470,899 (2020) | 1,864 | 0.72 |
| 39 | Utrecht | Netherlands | 907,000 | 692,000 | N/A | 895,000 (2022) | 2,894 | |
| 40 | Gdańsk | Poland | 874,000 | 993,000 | N/A | 1,223,884 (2021) | 2,909 | |
| 41 | Nice | France | 871,000 | 1,082,000 | N/A | 618,489 (2019) | 1,868 | 0.52 |
| 42 | Thessaloniki | Greece | 844,000 | 1,052,000 | N/A | 973,997 (2011) | 3,910 | 0.39 |
| 43 | Bordeaux | France | 827,000 | 918,000 | N/A | 1,376,375 (2020) | 1,104 | 0.60 |
| 44 | Łódź | Poland | 798,000 | 1,165,000 | N/A | 893,083 (2021) | 2,751 | |
| 45 | Bilbao | Spain | 782,000 | 947,000 | N/A | 1,041,059 (2022) | 5,297 | |
| 46 | Florence | Italy | 764,000 | 645,000 | N/A | 784,279 (2022) | 3,352 | |
| 47 | Palermo | Italy | 747,000 | 861,000 | N/A | 986,721 (2022) | 4,241 | 0.12 |
| 48 | Kraków | Poland | 744,000 | 1,236,000 | N/A | 1,489,912 (2021) | 3,503 | |
| 49 | Hanover | Germany | 742,000 | 997,000 | N/A | 1,289,320 (2021) | 2,558 | |
| 50 | Nuremberg | Germany | 720,000 | 1,443,000 | N/A | 1,181,541 (2021) | 3,055 | |
| 51 | Zaragoza | Spain | 707,000 | 639,000 | N/A | 770,370 (2022) | 4,789 | |
| 52 | Dresden | Germany | 698,000 | 882,000 | N/A | 965,353 (2021) | 2,567 | |
| 53 | Málaga | Spain | 692,000 | 944,000 | N/A | 887,146 (2022) | 5,138 | |
| 54 | Zagreb | Croatia | 691,000 | 1,153,255 | N/A | 1,161,259 (2022) | 3,706 | |
| 55 | Catania | Italy | 687,000 | 707,000 | N/A | 643,274 (2022) | 2,550 | |
| 56 | Gothenburg | Sweden | 629,000 | 759,000 | N/A | 1,021,831 (2018) | 2,198 | |
| 57 | Poznań | Poland | 680,000 | 919,000 | N/A | 1,051,414 (2021) | 2,004 | |
| 58 | Bergamo | Italy | 660,000 | 662,000 | N/A | 310,020 (2022) | 2,022 | |
| 59 | Mannheim | Germany | 658,000 | 683,000 | N/A | n/a | 2,920 | |
| 60 | Leipzig | Germany | 636,000 | 842,000 | N/A | 956,290 (2021) | 2,506 | |
| 61 | Wrocław | Poland | 635,000 | 861,000 | N/A | 963,311 (2021) | 2,636 | |
| 62 | Las Palmas | Spain | 619,000 | 640,000 | N/A | 630,900 (2022) | 2,879 | |
| 63 | Riga | Latvia | 603,000 | 1,195,000 | N/A | 917,351 (2022) | 2,217 | |
| 64 | Bremen | Germany | 599,000 | 1,077,000 | N/A | 1,046,897 (2021) | 2,161 | |
| 65 | Nantes | France | 578,000 | 708,000 | N/A | 1,022,775 (2020) | 2,277 | |
| 66 | Aachen | Germany | 571,000 | 672,000 | N/A | 594,324 (2020) | 2,080 | |
| 67 | Vilnius | Lithuania | 550,000 | 680,000 | N/A | 716,856 (2021) | 1,966 | |
| 68 | Genoa | Italy | 546,000 | 694,000 | N/A | 681,459 (2022) | 7,027 | |
| 69 | Palma | Spain | 522,000 | 433,000 | N/A | 709,091 (2020) | 3,359 | |
| 70 | Santa Cruz | Spain | 510,000 | | N/A | 520,728 (2021) | 4,688 | |

### Other notable urban areas

| Urban area | State | ESPON Population (Functional Urban Area) | FUA population (metropolitan areas; Eurostat) |
| Aarhus | Denmark | 845,971 | |
| Oviedo–Gijón–Avilés | Spain | 844,000 | |
| Alicante–Elche–Elda | Spain | 793,000 | |
| Ostrava | Czech Republic | 709,768 | 713,812 (2017) |
| Bologna | Italy | 690,000 | 785,941 (2021) |
| Malmö | Sweden | 658,050 | 669,741 (2018) |
| Grenoble | France | 555,000 | 717,469 (2019) |
| Douai-Lens | France | 550,000 | |
| Toulon | France | 518,000 | 573,230 (2019) |
| Charleroi | Belgium | 489,264 | |
| Odense | Denmark | 485,672 | |
| Granada | Spain | 440,000 | 571,447 (2020) |
| Vigo | Spain | 413,000 | 547,151 (2020) |
| Montpellier | France | | 801,595 (2019) |
| Eindhoven | Netherlands | | 771,263 (2021) |
| Rennes | France | | 755,668 (2019) |
| Brno | Czech Republic | | 727,759 (2017) |
| Bari | Italy | | 727,549 (2021) |
| Heidelberg | Germany | | 709,840 (2020) |
| Rouen | France | | 705,627 (2019) |
| Augsburg | Germany | | 684,705 (2020) |
| Bratislava | Slovakia | | 669,592 (2020) |
| Kiel | Germany | | 649,578 (2020) |
| Murcia | Spain | | 646,099 (2020) |
| Catania | Italy | | 640,088 (2021) |
| Tallinn | Estonia | | 609,515 (2021) |
| Ghent | Belgium | | 605,956 (2018) |
| Venice | Italy | | 552,414 (2021) |
| Groningen | Netherlands | | 543,707 (2021) |
| Plovdiv | Bulgaria | | 542,407 (2020) |
| Padua | Italy | | 535,922 (2021) |
| Münster | Germany | | 535,879 (2020) |
| Erfurt | Germany | | 524,565 (2020) |
| Tours | France | | 519,778 (2019) |
| Verona | Italy | | 517,271 (2021) |
| Nancy | France | | 510,306 (2019) |
| Clermont-Ferrand | France | | 507,479 (2019) |

### By country

Number of cities by country with urban areas over 500,000 inhabitants represented in the table :
| Country | No. of cities |
| Germany | 19 |
| France | 17 |
| Spain | 15 |
| Italy | 14 |
| Poland | 7 |
| Netherlands | 5 |
| Belgium | 5 |
| Czech Republic | 3 |
| Greece | 2 |
| Portugal | 2 |
| Sweden | 2 |