OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chinx (OS)

Derek Pinto, known professionally as Chinx (OS), is a British rapper from Camden Town, London. He is a member of the UK drill collective group known as OS, also known as 1Side, who are based in the Regent's Park Estate within Camden Town. He first released his debut mixtape, One Sided Story, in 2022.

## Early life

In 2017, he was jailed for a possession of firearm more specifically having an unauthorised license of a Walther P38 pistol. And was released on license in October 2021.
He has previous convictions for Robbery in October 2014 and Assault in 2016.

## Career

After his release in October 2021, He released his first track titled 'Secrets Not Safe' on Mixtape Madness which hit 1.5 million streams. But due to request by Metropolitan Police, it was ordered to be taken down 4 days after its release due 'Inciting violence'.
He appeared on Fumez the Engineer's Plugged In series which hit an estimated of 2 million streams on YouTube as of 24 October 2023.
He also appeared in a Daily Duppy produced by GRM Daily which was further released on 5 March 2023, hitting over 1 million streams on YouTube.

## Discography
### Mixtapes

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Title | Details | UK | Certifications |
| One Sided Story | Released: 24 February 2023 Label: 1Side Format: CD, Digital download, streaming | 61 | — |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | UK | UK R&B | Album |
| "Lock & Load" | 2022 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Absent" | 2022 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Pretty Petite" | 2022 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Beware" | 2022 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "What I Mean" | 2022 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Secrets Not Safe" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "One Style" (with OS, (1Side) Fiz, Pepper & R1) | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Usual Culprits" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Trap Fashion" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Ain't Got Time" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "5AM In North West" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Fish O Filet" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Concrete Jungle" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Check This" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Manager" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Imaginary Girl" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Levels" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Dinga" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Outro" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Cold Road" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Mucky" | 2023 | — | — | One Sided Story |
| "Daily Duppy" | 2023 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Lights Off" | 2023 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Man Down" | 2023 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Nervous” | 2024 | — | — | Non-album singles |
| “Smoke” | 2024 | — | — | Non-album singles |
# Lighting & Sound America

Lighting & Sound America is an American entertainment technology magazine published in New York City by PLASA Media Inc, a commercial arm of the Professional Lighting and Sound Association (PLASA). Lighting & Sound America covers the broad range of the entertainment, presentation and events industries worldwide, including theatre, live touring, clubs, themed venues, corporate events and presentations, as well as in-depth profiles of people and companies involved in the lighting and sound industry.

## History

Lighting & Sound America was launched in May 2004 in New York City, where it is still based now, under the editor-in-chief David Barbour, as a monthly magazine to the lighting and sound industries.
It is the sister magazine to Lighting & Sound International, and has a page count of over 100 pages.
The magazine has collaborated with other large organisations within the industry on a number of different projects, such as the 2007 Staged Events Award and the 2005 InfoComm trade show in Las Vegas and has become a valuable resource for people working in the industry.

## Circulation

Lighting & Sound America is circulated to 12,000 subscribers each month, the vast majority of which are in North America.
# Coastal Shield Brigade

Coastal Shield Brigade (Arabic: لواء درع الساحل, romanized: Liwāʼ Dirʻ al-Sāḥil) is a Syrian neo-Ba'athist militant organization formed by Muqdad Fatiha, a former commander in the Syrian Republican Guard, in February 2025, after the fall of the Assad regime.

## History

The Coastal Shield Brigade was established on 6 February 2025, by Muqdad Fatiha, a former member of the 25th Special Forces and the Republican Guard, alongside other soldiers, and published a video showing the establishment against the Military Operations Command and the Syrian Transitional Government which was spread by the Syrian Popular Resistance. They established the Coastal Brigade near the Latakia Mountains in the Latakia Governorate to fight against Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in their original stronghold. He also called for Alawites and previous supporters of Bashar al-Assad to "take arms" against HTS leader Ahmed al-Sharaa. Fatiha stated in the video about the Coastal Shield Brigade's establishment to the escalation of violations by Ahmad al-Sharaa’s authority after the attacks on the Alawites in the cities of the Syrian coast, stressing the brigade’s responsibility for any targeting of al-Sharaa’s authority on the coast and outside the Syrian coast.
Fatiha stated the Coastal Shield Brigade would take responsibility for any operations done against Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham in the Latakia Governorate. According to Turkish media, Fatiha was notorious for his alleged involvement in drug trafficking, bribery, kidnapping and extrajudicial killings during the Assad regime. Fatiha likely used resources and human networks developed under the Assad regime to establish the Coastal Shield Brigade.
# After It All

After It All is the second full-length album by American folk rock band Delta Rae, released in 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Eric Hölljes and Ian Hölljes

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 31 |

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Sputnikmusic | 3.0/5 |
| PopMatters | |
After it All Has received mixed to positive reviews from critics and fans. Critics often remarked on the album's heavy, orchestral instrumentation; Annie Galving of PopMatters described it as an "almost campy excess," ultimately giving the album seven stars out of a possible ten. Stephen Erlewine, writing for AllMusic, was more critical, writing of the instrumentals, "often, this onslaught feels like overkill because the songs aren't structured to support such heavy arrangements," and giving the album 2.5 stars out of a possible 5.

## Personnel

* Elizabeth Hopkins - vocals, percussion
* Brittany Hölljes - vocals, percussion
* Ian Hölljes - guitar (acoustic and electric), ukulele, vocals
* Eric Hölljes - keyboards, piano, Wurlitzer, guitar (acoustic and electric), accordion, percussion, vocals
* Mike McKee - drums, percussion, acoustic guitar, hammered dulcimer, tympani
* Grant Emerson - bass guitar (electric and upright), electric guitar, bowed cymbal
# Vadakkupatti Ramasamy

Vadakkupatti Ramasamy is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language historical comedy film written and directed by Karthik Yogi and stars Santhanam and Megha Akash. The film was released on 2 February 2024 to mixed reviews from critics.

## Plot

A selfish, money-minded charlatan makes a living off his fellow villagers using their superstitious beliefs. When his major source of income is shut down, he tries numerous ways to reopen the temple.

## Cast

* Santhanam as Ramasamy
* Megha Akash as Dr.Kayalvizhi
* M. S. Bhaskar as Munusamy
* John Vijay as Mookaiyan
* Ravi Mariya as Kaalaiyan
* Tamizh as Kathiresan, Tahsildar of Pudur
* Nizhalgal Ravi as Major Chandrakanth
* Rajendran as a Goon
* Lollu Sabha Maaran as Murugesan, Ramasamy's friend
* Lollu Sabha Seshu as Priest
* Cool Suresh as Dhanarasu
* Prashanth as Muthu, Kaalaiyan's son
* Jacqueline as Lakshmi, Mookaiyan's daughter
* Swaminathan as Gopal Siddha Vaithiyar
* Jeeva Ravi as District Collector
* Sumathi G. as lady in public
* Monkey Ravi as PA to Tahsildar
* Manimegalai as Ramasamy's mother
* Theni Murugan as Sargunam, the villager
* Udumalai Ravi as Hospital attender
* Nakkalites Savithri as Nurse

## Production

The film's title is based on a name mentioned in a comedy scene from Uthama Raasa (1993). The film is based on a real incident that happened in the 1960s and 1970s. It was shot in a single schedule of sixty-three days.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Sean Roldan.

## Release

The film was released in theatres on 2 February 2024. It began streaming on Amazon Prime Video from 12 March 2024.

## Reception

A critic from Cinema Express rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "Even with all the conspicuous flaws, even if the story doesn't compel you, Vadakkupatti Ramasamy still pulls you into its colourful world full of zany characters and leaves you with more than a handful of laughs". A critic from The Times of India rated the film 2 1⁄2 out of 5 stars and wrote that "Quite naturally, Vadakkupatti Ramasamy is a full-on theatrical film made for the general audience to laugh, cry, and get frustrated during its more than two-hour runtime". A critic from India Today rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "Santhanam's silly comedy is so silly that it makes you scratch your head for the most part". A critic from News Today wrote that "In essence, the film offers audiences a delightful blend of comedy, drama, and unexpected twists, making it a worthwhile watch for those seeking a lighthearted and entertaining cinematic experience".
# Sedum morganianum

Sedum morganianum, the donkey tail or burro's tail, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to southern Mexico. It is a succulent perennial producing trailing stems up to 60 cm (24 in) long, with fleshy blue-green leaves and terminal pink to red flowers in summer. S. morganianum has been found wild in two ravines at Tenampa county, in central Veracruz, in eastern Mexico and on vertical cliffs of igneous rock in the Tropical Deciduous Forest zone. Due to its restricted geographic distribution, it should be regarded as a micro-endemic species.

## Cultivation

With a minimum temperature of 5–7 °C (41–45 °F), in temperate regions S. morganianum is often cultivated as a houseplant in a suspended container, with the trailing stems hanging down, vertically. Alternatively, when the trailing stems are allowed to make prolonged, direct contact with the ground, or soil or other substrate (such as in an adjacent container), the nodes will be triggered to root and attach, as is the case with numerous genera among the Crassulaceae.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Sedum morganianum grows well outside in appropriate climates, provided frost is not a threat, in very good light but protected from the brightest portions of the day. Indoors, the plant is best grown in a window full of sunlight for strongest growth and to enhance leaf coloration. It requires regular, moderate watering all year, except in winter, when it should be infrequently watered. Excess irrigation and poor drainage can rot the plant in a short amount of time. If grown outside, this plant should also be sheltered from extreme heat and excess rainfall; the delicate and fragile leaves will fall from the plant extremely easily, often with the slightest touch, especially during rainstorms. However, even at high latitudes, removed or dropped leaves will readily propagate and produce roots, often rooting directly where they fall. These leaf propagations eventually form into new plants, especially if placed in a southern exposure (Northern Hemisphere) or northern exposure (Southern Hemisphere).
Plants are usually propagated by stem or leaf cuttings. The leaf attachment is quite loose, and leaves will often immediately break off of the stem when disturbed. The leaves will stay alive for many days and roots will emerge after a few days, especially with local humidity. Individual leaves will produce inches-long plants.
This plant exhibits a clearly visible wax layer (farina) on its leaves and stems, an indication of its preference for (bright) shade and sheltering from hot sun.

## Gallery

* Leaf cutting with fresh sprout (left), stem cutting with shoot (right)
* 'Burrito' cultivar
# MDC-2

In cryptography, MDC-2 (Modification Detection Code 2, sometimes called Meyer–Schilling, standardized in ISO 10118-2) is a cryptographic hash function. MDC-2 is a hash function based on a block cipher with a proof of security in the ideal-cipher model. The length of the output hash depends on the underlying block cipher used.

## Algorithm

For a given message $M$ to hash and a given block cipher encryption function $E$, the MDC-2 algorithm proceeds as follows. Let $n$ be the block length, $A_{1},B_{1}$ two different constants of size $n$. If $M=M_{1}||..||M_{m}$ where each $M_{i}$ has size $n$, then the hash $V_{m}||W_{m}$ of the message is given by:
* for $i=1$ to $m$:
** $V_{i}=M_{i}\oplus E(M_{i},A_{i})$
** $W_{i}=M_{i}\oplus E(M_{i},B_{i})$
** $V_{i}^{L}||V_{i}^{R}=V_{i}$
** $W_{i}^{L}||W_{i}^{R}=W_{i}$
** $A_{i+1}=V_{i}^{L}||W_{i}^{R}$
** $B_{i+1}=W_{i}^{L}||V_{i}^{R}$
* return $A_{m+1}||B_{m+1}$

## MDC-2DES hashes

When MDC-2 uses the DES block cipher, the 128-bit (16-byte) MDC-2 hashes are typically represented as 32-digit hexadecimal numbers. $A_{1}$ is chosen as the 8-byte string 5252525252525252 and $B_{1}$ is chosen as the 8-byte string 2525252525252525 (written as hexdigits). Additionally, before each iteration the first byte A[0] of $A$ recalculated as (A[0] & 0x9f) ^ 0x40 and the first byte B[0] of $B$ is recalculated as (B[0] & 0x9f) ^ 0x20.
The following demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input (which is padded with five zero-bytes so its length is a multiple of the DES block size of 8 bytes) and the corresponding MDC-2 hash:
Even a small change in the message will (with probability) result in a completely different hash, e.g. changing d to c:
The hash of the zero-length string is:

## Patent issues

MDC-2 was covered by U.S. patent 4,908,861, issued on March 13, 1990 but filed by IBM on August 28, 1987. Because of patent concerns support for MDC-2 has been disabled in OpenSSL on most Linux distributions and is not implemented by many other cryptographic libraries. It is implemented in GPG's libgcrypt.
The patent was due to expire on August 28, 2007, twenty years after the filing date. It actually expired in 2002 because IBM did not pay the renewal fee. The Canadian patent was not renewed and no European patent was granted so MDC-2 can now be freely used.
# Chaetostoma spondylus

Chaetostoma spondylus is a freshwater species of catfish in the family Loricariidae and the genus Chaetostoma. It is a demersal fish with a pH range of about 6–7.1. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Chotano River, the Huancabamba River, the Sendamal River, and the Utcubamba, which are mountain tributaries of the Marañón River located at around 1,500 to 2,000 meters (4,900 to 6,600 ft) above sea level. These rivers are, by extension, part of the Amazon River basin in Peru.
The species is typically found in streams and rapids with a high gradient, specifically in areas with a boulder substrate. It reaches 13.1 cm (5.2 in) SL. C. spondylus is thought to prefer temperatures of 23 to 27 °C (73 to 81 °F).
# Bengaluru North University

13°08′08″N 78°10′07″E﻿ / ﻿13.135453°N 78.168553°E﻿ / 13.135453; 78.168553
Bengaluru North University (BNU) is a state university located in Tamaka, near NH 75 in Kolar, Karnataka, India. The university was established in 2017 by the Government of Karnataka through the Karnataka State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2015 trifurcating Bangalore University by creating Bengaluru North University and Bengaluru Central University (later Bengaluru City University).

## History

Venugopal K R, UVCE Alumni, Principal UVCE was the Special Officer to the Government of Karnataka for Trifurcating Bangalore University which had over 600 affiliated colleges. He submitted the report on 26th March 2015 for restructuring Bangalore University into Bangalore University, Bengaluru City University and Bengaluru North University. In 2012, C. T. Ravi, the Minister For Higher Education, Government of Karnataka, announced plans to bifurcate 300 colleges out of the university by creating Bengaluru North University. Requests to following the original recommendation or even create four universities were made. In May 2015 the government announced it will follow the original recommendation and create Bengaluru North University and Bengaluru Central University, with about 200 colleges assigned to each of them. The Bill was passed in July 2015 and the university was inaugurated on 21 September 2017 and T. D. Kemparaju was appointed Vice-Chancellor (VC). Niranjan Vanalli was appointed VC in November 2021.

## Academics

The university has 289 affiliated colleges. Affiliation to the three universities is based on Karnataka Legislative Assembly constituencies. BNU affiliating all colleges under Devanahalli, Doddaballapur and Hoskote Assembly constituencies in Bengaluru Rural district; K R Puram, Pulikeshinagar, Sarvagnanagar, C V Raman Nagar and Mahadevapura Assembly constituencies in Bengaluru Urban district; Gauribidanur, Bagepalli, Chikkaballapur, Sidlaghatta and Chintamani Assembly constituencies in Chikkaballapur district; Srinivaspur, Mulbagal, KGF, Bangarpet, Kolar and Malur Assembly constituencies in Kolar district.

## Campus

The university will operate for academic year 2017–18 from temporary offices in the campus of Karnataka State Open University at Tamaka on the outskirts of Kolar. A permanent campus will be constructed at Amaravathi village in Chickballapur district.
# Methanococci

Methanococci is a class of methanogenic archaea in the phylum Euryarchaeota. They can be mesophilic, thermophilic or hyperthermophilic.
# Moni Naor

Moni Naor (Hebrew: מוני נאור) is an Israeli computer scientist, currently a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science. Naor received his Ph.D. in 1989 at the University of California, Berkeley. His advisor was Manuel Blum.
He works in various fields of computer science, mainly the foundations of cryptography. He is notable for initiating research on public key systems secure against chosen ciphertext attack and creating non-malleable cryptography, visual cryptography (with Adi Shamir), and suggesting various methods for verifying that users of a computer system are human (leading to the notion of CAPTCHA). His research on Small-bias sample space, give a general framework for combining small k-wise independent spaces with small $\epsilon$-biased spaces to obtain $\delta$-almost k-wise independent spaces of small size. In 1994 he was the first, with Amos Fiat, to formally study the problem of practical broadcast encryption. Along with Benny Chor, Amos Fiat, and Benny Pinkas, he made a contribution to the development of Traitor tracing, a copyright infringement detection system which works by tracing the source of leaked files rather than by direct copy protection.
# Leandro Fullon

Leandro Fullón y Locsín (March 13, 1874 – October 16, 1904) was a Philippine general and government administrator who fought against both the Spaniards during the Philippine Revolution and the United States invasion force during the Philippine-American War.
A member of the Katipunan, Fullón helped organize the first revolutionary government in the Philippines. He led the expeditionary forces to Panay and later established a Revolutionary Provincial Government in Antique. Fullón later became the first Filipino Governor of the Province of Antique from 1901 to 1904.

## Early life and education

Leandro Fullón was born on March 13, 1874, to Justo Guerrero Fullon and Fausta Gerona Locsin in Hamtic, Antique. He studied at Ateneo Municipal de Manila before transferring to Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila in 1896.

## Personal life

At age 22, Fullon married Petra Francisco, daughter of Evaristo Francisco and Margarita Dairo, a prominent family from Binondo, Manila.

## War with Spain

On September 6, 1898, Fullón, now a general in the Philippine forces, was assigned by General Emilio Aguinaldo and returned to Antique with 140 officers and 350 men under his command. After arriving in Antique on September 21, many local volunteers joined his forces.
Fullón established a revolutionary government in Pandan and Culasi . On Nov. 22, 1898, Fullón's forces captured San Jose de Buenavista. He formed a Revolutionary Provincial Government with Ángel Salazar (Governor), Santos Capadocia (Vice Governor), Anacleto Villavert Jiménez and José Gontanilla (Council of Justice), Anselmo Alicante (Council of Internal Revenue) and Vicente Gella (Representative to Malolos Congress).
Fullón's forces fought the Spanish in San Miguel, Pavia and outside Jaro in Iloilo City. The new revolutionary government in Visayas later appointed Fullón as Politico-Military Governor of Antique.

## War with the United States

On December 10, 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States to end the Spanish-American War. When U.S. forces entered Iloilo on February 11, 1899, Fullón joined in the resistance. In early 1900, he returned to Antique to continue fighting. On March 22, 1901, Fullón and the other resistance fighter were forced to surrender.
On April 15, 1901, the American authorities appointed Fullón Provincial Governor of Antique. He held that position until his death on Oct. 16, 1904, aged 30. During his governorship, the province was severely affected by the 1902 cholera epidemic and the rising religious tensions between the Aglipayans and Roman Catholics. Fullon also revealed that the consolidation of the municipalities under the province were not well-received by the majority of pueblo officials.
   The financial condition of the province was seriously affected by a series of calamities which destroyed nearly all agriculture since 1901. During the year 1903 the cholera epidemic and fevers made their appearance in the month of May and were at their height during the season of sowing, for which reason less than one-half of the plantations was set out...