# 1994 Women's Rugby World Cup

The 1994 Women's Rugby World Cup was the second world cup for women. It was originally scheduled to be held in Amsterdam, Netherlands (10–24 April) but was cancelled only weeks before. However, a replacement competition was organised around the same dates in Scotland. England beat the defending champions USA 38–23 in the final.

## Background

The official reason for the cancellation was that the event organisers failed to get official endorsement of the event as the "Women's World Cup" from the International Rugby Board (IRB). The minutes of the 1993 Interim meeting of the IRB state the following about the "1994 Women's International Tournament":
    "The Council agreed to defer consideration of participation by member unions in the tournament until such time as a formal request is received from the organizers."
Hence not only was there uncertainty to whether it really was the "Women's World Cup" or not, but the IRB refused to endorse it regardless of its status – the "deferral" (above) was in practice a refusal to endorse as the next scheduled IRB meeting was only days before the event was due to start. It was not until 2009 that the IRB officially endorsed the event as a "world cup" when it published, for the first time, a list of previous winners.
Because of this, the Unions of some countries decided not to pay team expenses (including New Zealand, where women's rugby was by now fully integrated in the national union, and ultimately others as well) or withdrew their entries. Several team members decided to go ahead and raised the money themselves, but the surrounding uncertainty of the event status and the financial risk from teams pulling out prompted the event organizers to (rather abruptly) cancel it.
The women who had trained so hard, and had gone to much trouble raising money etc., were so disappointed at the cancellation that an alternative tournament in Scotland was soon organized. Despite the IRB threatening sanctions against unions taking part in this unendorsed event, it went ahead.
This Women's Rugby World Cup, like its predecessor in 1991, was never endorsed by the IRB and the Scottish organizers did not pursue official sanctioning. However, all of the participating teams regarded it as the "real" World Cup.
Eventually eleven of the original sixteen entrants took part – as well as New Zealand, Netherlands also withdrew from both participation as well as hosts, and Spain pulled out very late – after the groups had been drawn – and were replaced by a Scottish Students team. Italy and Germany were also notable absentees. The Soviet Union would have competed but due to their dissolution, they were replaced by Russia and Kazakhstan.
Once the event was underway it proved to be a great success, England exacting revenge for their 1991 defeat to USA, beating the defending champions 38–23 in the final.

## Match Officials

J Fleming (Boroughmuir)

## Pool stages
### Pool A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD |
| United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 232 | 0 | +232 |
| Japan | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 126 | −116 |
| Sweden | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 121 | −116 |
* 11 April 1994
| Sweden | 0–111 | United States |
* Melrose
* 13 April 1994
| Japan | 10–5 | Sweden |
* Melrose
* 15 April 1994
| Japan | 0–121 | United States |
* Melrose

### Pool B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD |
| England | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 0 | +92 |
| Scotland | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 51 | 26 | +25 |
| Russia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 117 | −117 |
* 11 April 1994
| England | 66–0 | Russia |
* Boroughmuir
* 13 April 1994
| Scotland | 51–0 | Russia |
* Boroughmuir
* 15 April 1994
| Scotland | 0–26 | England |
* Boroughmuir

### Pool C

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD |
| France | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 108 | 8 | +100 |
| Ireland | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 36 | −18 |
| Scottish Students | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 95 | −82 |
* 11 April 1994
| Scottish Students | 8–77 | France |
* West of Scotland RFC
* 13 April 1994
| Scottish Students | 5–18 | Ireland |
* West of Scotland RFC
* 15 April 1994
| France | 31–0 | Ireland |
* West of Scotland RFC

### Pool D

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD |
| Wales | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 13 | +27 |
| Canada | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 11 | +22 |
| Kazakhstan | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 57 | −49 |
* 11 April 1994
| Canada | 5–11 | Wales |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC
* 13 April 1994
| Kazakhstan | 8–29 | Wales |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC
* 15 April 1994
| Canada | 28–0 | Kazakhstan |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC

## Plate competition
### Round robin

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Ladder |
| Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 12 | +71 | 9th |
| Sweden | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 56 | −10 | 10th |
| Russia | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 57 | −20 | 11th |
| Scottish Students | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 24 | 65 | −41 | 12th |
* 17 April 1994
| Russia | 13–20 | Sweden |
* Kirkcaldy
* 17 April 1994
| Scottish Students | 0–27 | Kazakhstan |
* Kirkcaldy
* 19 April 1994
| Scottish Students | 12–14 | Sweden |
* Gala
* 19 April 1994
| Kazakhstan | 25–0 | Russia |
* Gala
* 21 April 1994
| Kazakhstan | 31–12 | Sweden |
* Stirling County
* 21 April 1994
| Scottish Students | 12–24 | Russia |
* Stirling County

### Plate final

* 23 April 1994
| Kazakhstan | 29–12 | Sweden |
* Boroughmuir

## Championship
### Bracket
#### Championship

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | Final | Final |
| 17 April – Gala | 17 April – Gala | | | |
| England | 24 | | | |
| England | 24 | 20 April – Gala | 20 April – Gala | | |
| Canada | 10 | 20 April – Gala | 20 April – Gala | |
| Canada | 10 | England | 18 | |
| 17 April – Edinburgh | 17 April – Edinburgh | | England | 18 | |
| 17 April – Edinburgh | 17 April – Edinburgh | France | 6 | |
| France | 99 | France | 6 | |
| France | 99 | | | | 24 April – Edinburgh | 24 April – Edinburgh |
| Japan | 0 | | | | 24 April – Edinburgh | 24 April – Edinburgh |
| Japan | 0 | | | | England | 38 |
| 17 April – Boroughmuir | 17 April – Boroughmuir | | | | | England | 38 |
| 17 April – Boroughmuir | 17 April – Boroughmuir | | | | United States | 23 |
| United States | 76 | | | | United States | 23 |
| United States | 76 | 20 April – Gala | 20 April – Gala | | | |
| Ireland | 0 | 20 April – Gala | 20 April – Gala | | | |
| Ireland | 0 | United States | 56 | | | |
| 17 April – Melrose | 17 April – Melrose | | United States | 56 | | | |
| 17 April – Melrose | 17 April – Melrose | Wales | 15 | | Third place | Third place |
| Wales | 8 | Wales | 15 | | Third place | Third place |
| Wales | 8 | | | | 24 April – Edinburgh | 24 April – Edinburgh |
| Scotland | 0 | | | | 24 April – Edinburgh | 24 April – Edinburgh |
| Scotland | 0 | | | | France | 27 |
| | | | | | Wales | 0 |

#### Shield

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| 20 April – Melrose | 20 April – Melrose |
| Canada | 57 |
| Canada | 57 | 23 April – Boroughmuir | 23 April – Boroughmuir |
| Japan | 0 | 23 April – Boroughmuir | 23 April – Boroughmuir |
| Japan | 0 | Canada | 5 |
| 20 April – Melrose | 20 April – Melrose | | Canada | 5 |
| 20 April – Melrose | 20 April – Melrose | Scotland | 11 |
| Ireland | 3 | Scotland | 11 |
| Scotland | 10 | | |
| Scotland | 10 | Third place | Third place |
| | | 23 April – Boroughmuir | 23 April – Boroughmuir |
| | | Ireland | 11 |
| | | Japan | 3 |

### Quarter-finals

* 17 April 1994
| United States | 76–0 | Ireland |
* Boroughmuir
* 17 April 1994
| England | 24–10 | Canada |
* Gala
* 17 April 1994
| France | 99–0 | Japan |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC
* 17 April 1994
| Scotland | 0–8 | Wales |
* Melrose

### Championship semi-finals

* 20 April 1994
| United States | 56–15 | Wales |
* Gala
* 20 April 1994
| England | 18–6 | France |
* Gala

### Shield semi-finals

* 20 April 1994
| Canada | 57–0 | Japan |
* Melrose
* 20 April 1994
| Scotland | 10–3 | Ireland |
* Melrose

### Shield 3rd/4th (7th place)

* 23 April 1994
| Ireland | 11–3 | Japan |
* Boroughmuir

### Shield final (5th place)

* 23 April 1994
| Scotland | 11–5 | Canada |
* Boroughmuir

### Cup 3rd/4th place

* 24 April 1994
| France | 27–0 | Wales |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC

### Cup final

* 24 April 1994
| England | 38–23 | United States |
* Edinburgh Academicals RFC Referee: Jim Fleming (Scotland)
* 1994 Women's Rugby World Cup winners
* England First title