OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Balloon hashing

Balloon hashing is a key derivation function presenting proven memory-hard password-hashing and modern design. It was created by Dan Boneh, Henry Corrigan-Gibbs (both at Stanford University) and Stuart Schechter (Microsoft Research) in 2016. It is a recommended function in NIST password guidelines.
The authors claim that Balloon:
* has proven memory-hardness properties,
* is built from standard primitives: it can use any standard non-space-hard cryptographic hash function as a sub-algorithm (e.g., SHA-3, SHA-512),
* is resistant to side-channel attacks: the memory access pattern is independent of the data to be hashed,
* is easy to implement and matches the performance of similar algorithms.
Balloon is compared by its authors with Argon2, a similarly performing algorithm.

## Algorithm

There are three steps in the algorithm:
* Expansion, where an initial buffer is filled with a pseudorandom byte sequence derived from the password and salt repeatedly hashed.
* Mixing, where the bytes in the buffer are mixed time_cost number of times.
* Output, where a portion of the buffer is taken as the hashing result.
# Elk Falls Township, Elk County, Kansas

Elk Falls Township is a township in Elk County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 196.

## Geography

Elk Falls Township covers an area of 58.72 square miles (152.1 km$^2$) and contains one incorporated settlement, Elk Falls. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Mount Olivet.
The streams of South Fork Wildcat Creek and Wildcat Creek run through this township.

## Transportation

Elk Falls Township contains one airport or landing strip, Elk County Airport.
# Albert McGuinness

Albert McGuinness nicknamed "Podgy" was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played for Western Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

## Playing career

McGuinness made his first grade debut for Western Suburbs against North Sydney in Round 11 1933 at North Sydney Oval. Western Suburbs would go on to finish the 1933 season in last place on the table. In 1934, Western Suburbs had a complete form reversal as they finished minor premiers and the premiership defeating Eastern Suburbs in the grand final. McGuinness was overlooked for selection in the decider.
The change in form was attributed to the fact that Western Suburbs lost players such as Frank McMillan and Alan Ridley who were away on tour with the Australian team when the club finished last but returned for the start of the 1934 season. As of the 2023 NRL season, no club has gone from wooden spooners to premiers the following season since Western Suburbs achieved this feat.
After the premiership victory in 1934, Western Suburbs went through a period of decline and finished last in 1940, 1942 and 1943. McGuinness became a regular member of the team during this time and was selected to play for New South Wales and New South Wales City in 1941. In 1942, McGuinness captain-coached Western Suburbs with limited success.
# Gary Hrivnak

Gary Hrivnak (born March 3, 1951) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) from 1973 to 1975. He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers.
# Debra Roberts

Debra C. Roberts is a South African scientist and one of the six co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. She was elected co-chair of Working Group II for the sixth assessment in 2015.
She is head of the Sustainable and Resilient City Initiatives Unit in eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa).

## Education and career

Roberts has a PhD in Urban Biogeography from the (then) University of Natal, South Africa (1991), later consolidated to the University of KwaZulu-Natal. After working as a post-doctoral researcher, she joined local government in 1994. She established the Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department of eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) which she led from 1994 to 2016. In 2016 she was appointed to establish the Sustainable and Resilient City Initiatives Unit in Durban and is the city’s first Chief Resilience Officer. She is a part time professor at the University of Twente.

## IPCC work

She was a lead author of Chapter 8 (Urban Areas) of Working Group II of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report and was elected as Co-Chair of Working Group II for the IPCC’s sixth assessment cycle in 2015. She was also a lead author of the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C.

## Recognition

In 2014, the AfriCAN Climate Consortium gave Roberts their AfriCAN Climate Research Award. She was the 2016 Barbara Ward Lecturer of the International Institute for Environment and Development. She is an honorary professor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, and was listed in 2019 by public servant organization Apolitical as one of the 100 most influential people in climate change in the world. She received honorary doctorates from the University of Twente in 2022 and from the University of Cape Town in 2023.
# Alexander Henry (gun maker)

Alexander Henry (1818–1894) was a Scottish gun maker, based in Edinburgh, and designer of the Henry rifling and barrel used in the Martini–Henry rifle.
He submitted a rifle to the competition organised by the British government for a replacement for their existing Snider–Enfield service weapon. His breech action and barrel were both judged to be the best (and won the prizes). The War Office did not adopt its action, preferring that of Friedrich von Martini, but did adopt its seven-grooved barrel rifling scheme. The resulting Martini-Henry rifle is named after von Martini and himself.
Henry is a fascinating character, from a number of personal tragedies in his family, to some disastrous other business ventures, but he also was the "First Volunteer", the first signatory to the creation of the Queen’s Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers, Moderator of the High Constables of Edinburgh, a Justice of the Peace, a Freemason (initiated in Lodge St Clair No 349) and an Edinburgh town councillor.
He was admitted to The Royal Scottish Society Of Arts in March 1856.
In 1872 he was appointed "gun and rifle manufacturer to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales".
In 1873, one of his double rifles was specially made by Henry for Queen Victoria in 1873 and presented it to her personal servant John Brown for Christmas that year. The "extremely rare" Royal .450 double-barrelled hammer rifle was on public display for the first time from June to November 2019 in the National Museum of Scotland's Wild and Majestic: Romantic Visions of Scotland exhibition.
He and his wife Isabella had nine children : Eliza Mackay Henry, Jemima Janet Henry, James Alexander Henry (accidentally shot and killed by his father in 1860, aged 12), William Orchardson Henry (died aged 2, possibly named after portrait painter William Quiller Orchardson), Isabella Henry, a stillborn child, Alexander (Alick) Henry, Alice Mills Henry (died aged 1) and John Chave Luxmoore Henry. When Alexander Henry died, he left the business to Alick and John, but they sold it within a couple of months, beginning the slow decline of the "brand".
The first comprehensive biography of Alexander Henry, Alexander Henry, Rifle Maker, was published on 23 November 2017. It was written by gunmaking history author Donald Dallas, with considerable input from Henry's great great grandson, Richard Brown.
His grave is in Warriston Cemetery, Edinburgh.
# Velma Pollard

Velma Pollard (26 March 1937 – 1 February 2025) was a Jamaican poet and fiction writer. Among her most noteworthy works are Shame Trees Don't Grow Here (1991) and Leaving Traces (2007). She was known for the melodious and expressive mannerisms in her work. She was the sister of writer Erna Brodber.

## Background

Velma Pollard was born on 26 March 1937 to a farmer and school teacher in Woodside, Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica. Both Velma and her sister Erna expressed interest in the arts at a young age. Pollard attended Excelsior High School in Kingston, Jamaica. She went on to attend the University College of the West Indies, where she read Languages. She earned a Master's degree in English and Education from Columbia University and McGill University respectively. Pollard died in Kingston on 1 February 2025, at the age of 87.

## Career

Her interest in writing began at an early age; when she was seven years old, she won her first prize for a poem. It was not until 1975 that she became eager to have her work published. She submitted her work to various journals, including the Jamaica Journal. Since 1988, her writing was published in several mediums, and appeared in such anthologies as Jamaica Woman: An Anthology of Poems (edited by Pamela Mordecai and Mervyn Morris, 1980), Her True-True Name (edited by Pamela Mordecai and Betty Wilson), and Daughters of Africa (edited by Margaret Busby, 1992). Pollard published four poetry collections, in addition to writing fiction. Her book Karl won the Casa de las Americas literary prize in 1992. After her retirement, Pollard had a continued presence at the University of West Indies as a senior lecturer.
Pollard extensively researched Creole languages of the English-official Caribbean. From this area of research, she found inspiration for her poetry. In August 2022, Pollard was elected as an honorary member of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics (SCL), which she served with distinction as an SCL Executive Officer and SCL Financial Officer.

## Works

Pollard's upbringing in a rural community had a strong influence on her writing. Her work often features nostalgia of the countryside, and a strong philosophical tone. The way in which she recited her work reflected the firmness and richness of her writing. Her poetry often reflects on modernity in contrast with the slower lifestyles of the past. In 2013, Pollard released a collection of poetry titled And Caret Bay Again: New and Selected Poems. This collection showcases her witty style of writing as well as her ability to maintain her audiences' interest.
# Blik

Blik (stylised: blik) is Poland-based payments network founded in 2015. The Blik service enables individuals to electronically transfer money from their bank account to another registered user's bank account using a mobile device or the website of a participating banking institution.
In 2024, Blik had nearly 17 million users, processing 2.4 billion transactions worth 350 billion Polish złoty.

## History

Blik was launched in February 2015 by Polski Standard Płatności, an alliance of six Polish banks, itself a member of the European Mobile Payment Systems Association.
Between 2019 and 2020, Polish Police reported several cases of fraud using Blik ATM withdrawal. By gaining access to a person's social media account, perpetrators were able to request a loan from victim's acquaintances and perform cash withdrawals if provided with a Blik code.
In 2021, Blik introduced contactless payments in POS terminals on NFC-enabled Android devices using Mastercard virtual tokens. Notably, this functionality is also available for Polish travellers abroad and has been dubbed a viable alternative to Google Pay on rooted smartphones.
In early 2025, Blik compatibility was for the first time introduced by a foreign financial institution, the British-owned Revolut. Although available to all EU citizens who open a PLN account in Revolut, it still is limited to Polish businesses on the recipient side and therefore has no practical application outside Poland.

## Services

The system allows users to make online and in-store purchases and to transfer money in real time between bank accounts and ATMs, including cash withdrawal from ATMs, without the need of a payment card.
Transactions are uniquely identified by 6-digit one-time codes, each time valid for up to 2 minutes, which the user obtains using their mobile banking app. The code can then be typed in online, entered on the ATM screen, or on compatible contactless payment terminals. The payment requires final authentification of the vendor and transaction amount in the app and is instantaneous.
Blik allows instant transfers between users by binding phone numbers to bank accounts. These transfers are similarly free and instantaneous, even between accounts from different banks. Some online shopping platforms, like Allegro, are able to connect a customer account to a Blik-compatible app instance allowing for payment confirmation with just a notification prompt and pin code or biometric login.

## Participating banks

The Blik service is available from 20 banks, including the following:
* Alior Bank
* Bank Millennium
* BNP Paribas
* Citi Handlowy
* Crédit Agricole
* ING Bank Śląski
* Nest Bank
* mBank
* Bank Pocztowy
* Bank Pekao
* PKO Bank Polski & Inteligo
* Revolut
* Santander Bank Polska
* Bank Polskiej Spółdzielczości (BPS)
* Spółdzielcza Grupa Bankow (SGB)
# Greenfield Township, Elk County, Kansas

Greenfield Township is a township in Elk County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 321.

## Geography

Greenfield Township covers an area of 66.49 square miles (172.2 km$^2$) and contains one incorporated settlement, Grenola. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Green Lawn.
The streams of Corum Creek, East Fork Caney River and Schrader Branch run through this township.

## Transportation

Greenfield Township contains one airport or landing strip, Eaglehead Ranch Airport.
# Bob Allison (rugby league)

Bob Allison was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played for Canterbury-Bankstown and for Western Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

## Playing career

Allison made his first grade debut for Wests against Balmain in Round 6 1935 at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Western Suburbs would go on to reach the finals in 1935 but were defeated by Eastern Suburbs. Allison played one further season with Wests before leaving at the end of 1936.
Due to the residency rules at the time, Allison missed 2 years of playing before signing with Canterbury in 1939. Allison scored a try on debut for the club against Eastern Suburbs and was a member of their City Cup winning team.
In 1940, Canterbury reached their second grand final against Eastern Suburbs. Allison played at second-row as Canterbury were defeated 24–14 at the Sydney Cricket Ground. The following season, Canterbury finished 2nd in 1941 and reached the final but were once again defeated by Easts 24–22.
In 1942, Allison only made 2 appearances for Canterbury and missed out on the club's second premiership victory over St George. In the following 2 seasons, Canterbury went from winning the premiership in 1942 to running last in 1943 and 1944 claiming the wooden spoon. As of the 2019 season, no other club has gone from premiers to wooden spooners the next season with the exception of Melbourne who won the premiership in 2009 but were later stripped of the title for major breaches of the salary cap in 2010 and made to play for no points which resulted in the club coming last.
Allison played up with Canterbury up until the end of 1945 before retiring. His last game for the club was the reserve grade grand final against South Sydney. In total, Allison played 105 games for Canterbury across all grades. In 2004, he was nominated for the Berries to Bulldogs 70 Year Team of Champions.
# Fiscal populism

Fiscal populism (財政ポピュリズム) is an active advocate for increased spending and tax cuts, in defiance of fiscal soundness. This is a term mainly used in Japanese politics.

## History

The Democratic Party of Japan, which came to power in 2009, won power by writing a manifesto that included many policies aimed at the people, but failed to realize these policies because it could not support its finances.
At the 2024 Japanese general election, two fiscal populist parties made strides: Democratic Party For the People, which insists on cutting consumption taxes to 5% without providing financial resources, and Reiwa Shinsengumi, which advocates abolishing consumption taxes.
As of the 2020s, many politicians from the establishment Liberal Democratic Party and Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan are critical of fiscal populism. In 2025, former CDPJ leader Yukio Edano expressed opposition to fiscal populism, saying a consumption tax cut would be a "fiscal puncture".
# Legendary (Z-Ro album)

Legendary is the twentieth studio album by American rapper Z-Ro, released on November 11, 2016 under 1 Deep Entertainment and was distributed by EMPIRE. The album features guest appearances from Mike D and Just Brittany.

## Track listing

Notes
* All songs mixed by James Hoover at Hoover Sound Studio
* All songs mastered by James Hoover at Hoover Sound Studio
* Pressed By Disc Makers
* Management by Darryl Gooden

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Independent Albums | 20 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 15 |
# Jimmy Bageya

Jimmy Bageya is a Ugandan striker who turned out for Kenyan Premier League side Nairobi City Stars.

## Career

Bageya formerly turned out for Kenyan Premier League sides Gor Mahia F.C., A.F.C. Leopards, Bandari F.C. (Kenya), Nakumatt FC and Kakamega Homeboyz F.C. He has also played club football for Police FC (Uganda), Electrogaz (Rwanda), BDF (Botswana), Krabi FC (Thailand) and NAPSA Stars (Zambia).

## Honours
### Club
#### Nairobi City Stars

* National Super League
    Champions (1): 2019-20

### Individual
#### Nairobi City Stars

* Kenyan Premier League
    Player of the month (1): Oct 2015
# Alf Griffiths

Arthur Norman Griffiths was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s who played for Newtown in the NSWRL competition as a centre.

## Playing career

Griffiths made his first grade debut in 1932 against University.
The following year, Griffiths was a member of the Newtown side which claimed its second premiership defeating St George 18–5 at the Sydney Sports Ground with Griffiths scoring 2 tries.
ut to play This would be the last game that Griffiths played for the club as he departed at the end of the year and moved out to captain/coach Queanbeyan .
# Tai Po Tau Shui Wai

Tai Po Tau Shui Wai (Chinese: 大埔頭水圍) aka. Tai Po Tau Lo Wai (大埔頭老圍) is a Punti walled village in Tai Wo, Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Tai Po Tau Shui Wai is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the villages represented within the Tai Po Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Tai Po Tau Shui Wai is part of the Po Nga constituency, which was formerly represented by Chow Yuen-wai until July 2021.

## History

Tai Po Tau Shui Wai was established during the Song dynasty by a branch of the Tang Clan of Kam Tin. The enclosing walls were constructed during the Ming dynasty. A part of the Clan later branched out and settled in Tai Po Tau Tsuen.
# Carey Orr

Carey Cassius Orr (January 17, 1890 – May 16, 1967) was an American editorial cartoonist.
In his youth, Orr was a semi-professional baseball pitcher, and he used the money he made from baseball to study at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. After a $15 a week job at the Chicago Examiner, he was 24 when he began at the Nashville Tennessean as a full-time editorial cartoonist. In 1917, he signed on with the Chicago Tribune, where he stayed for 46 years. He drew the Kernel Cootie comic strip.
On March 25, 1914, he married Cherry Maud Kindel, and they had two daughters. Cartooning ran in the family, as Orr was the uncle of Apple Mary creator Martha Orr, and his grandson is the cartoonist-stockbroker Carey Orr Cook.
Carey Orr met and served as an early role model to Walt Disney when Disney moved back to Chicago. According to Neal Gabler's Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, Disney was very impressed by Orr's strip The Tiny Tribune.

## Awards

In 1961, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. That same year he was profiled on the television series This Is Your Life (May 21, 1961).

## Archives

His papers are held at the Newberry Library and Lake Forest College Library. In 1966, he donated more than 5400 cartoons to the Syracuse University Library's Special Collections Research Center. On June 3, 1966, he wrote:
    My 50 years as a political cartoonist has been unique in one respect in that I have always finished the drawing completely without submitting the idea to the editor beforehand. The normal procedure is for the cartoonist to submit two or three rough sketches, one of which the editor may O.K. for completion. This latter method is a great time waster, and causes the artist to depend on the judgement of others with regard to his own work. Eventually the artist loses the ability to distinguish a good idea from a poor one. It is a bad habit to be too dependent on others.
# António Correia (Angolan footballer)

Antonio "Kito" Correia (born 22 October 1983) is an Angolan football striker who last played for Ajax Cape Town.

## Career

Correia left Angola and the civil war for the Netherlands and tried to make a career in SC Heerenveen. His family members had been killed in the war. He debuted in the Eredivisie in April 2003, when he came in as a substitute for Georgios Samaras.
Just after his debut season, he was approached by an agent who told that Benfica was keen to sign him. He was sure that the move was real and didn't show up in Heerenveen for a while. His Dutch club decided to end his contract. Benfica didn't sign him and he had to go to play in a lower league for FC Emmen. He had problems also in Emmen and he decided to back to Angola, where the war had ended.
In 2006, he played for Primeiro de Agosto in the Angolan league. For the season 2008, he was invited for a test period for FC Inter Turku where his former teammate Jos Hooiveld played. He got a two-year contract with the Finnish club. In his first season, he suffered an injury and could play only in 5 matches of the season. His contract expired in December 2009.
On 1 September 2011 he signed a two-year contract at South African outfit Ajax Cape Town. He was recommended by his former coach Foppe de Haan.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Heerenveen | 2002–03 | Eredivisie | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Heerenveen | 2003–04 | Eredivisie | 13 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Heerenveen | Total | Total | 14 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Emmen | 2004–05 | Eerste Divisie | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 14 | 3 |
| Primeiro de Agosto | 2006 | Girabola | 25 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 25 | 2 |
| Inter Turku | 2008 | Veikkausliiga | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Ajax Cape Town | 2011–12 | South African Premiership | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 59 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 62 | 6 |
* ↑ Includes KNVB Cup
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Intertoto Cup

## Honours

Primeiro de Agosto
* Girabola: 2006
Inter Turku
* Veikkausliiga: 2008
# Omer Akin

Ömer Akın (June 30, 1946 – March 13, 2020) was an architect, researcher, and educator. He taught at the School of Architecture at Carnegie Mellon University from 1977 until he retired in 2017.
Akin designed the Turkish Nationality Room at the University of Pittsburgh.

## Books

* Akin, Omer; Weinel, Eleanor F., eds. (1982). Representation and Architecture. Information Dynamics.
* Akin, Omer (1986). Psychology of Architectural Design. Pion Limited. ISBN 9780850861204.
* Akin, Omer (2006). A Cartesian Approach to Design Rationality. Middle East Technical University. ISBN 9789754292459.
* Akin, Omer (2011). Embedded Commissioning of Building Systems. Artech House Publishers. ISBN 9781608071470.