OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pentaethylenehexamine

Pentaethylenehexamine (abbreviated PEHA) is an organic amine. It is composed of five ethylene groups -CH$_2$CH$_2$- joined together in a chain by four secondary amine groups (-NH-) and terminated on each end by primary amine groups (-NH$_2$). Pentaethylenehexamine is a hexadentate ligand, owing to the Lewis basicity of the six amine groups. Pentaethylenehexamine is in the category of polyethyleneamines and is part of mixtures of these sold commercially.
Commercial supplies of pentaethylenehexamine contain, in addition to the linear form, branched and cyclic polyamines. As an amine, it is an organic base and can form ammonium salts by reaction with various acids. Salts with counter-anions such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, and tosylate. Tosylate salts can be used to separate the linear molecule from the other forms, as it is less soluble.

## Properties

The infrared spectrum of pentaethylenehexamine salts show characteristics of the ammonium present. It has stretching modes, asymmetric and symmetric bending modes, but most useful absorption bands are due to rocking mode, where -NH$_3$$^+$ is at 810 cm$^{−1}$ and -NH$_2$$^+$- is at 768 cm$^{−1}$.

## Reactions

Pentaethylenehexamine undergoes an Eschweiler–Clarke reaction with formaldehyde and formic acid to substitute all of the amine hydrogen atoms with methyl groups, giving octamethylpentaethylenehexamine (OMPEHA).
Pentaethylenehexamine can rearrange to form N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)piperazine-1,4-diethylamine.

## Ligand

As a ligand pentaethylenehexamine is abbreviated peha or PEHA. It is a strong field ligand. It can coordinate cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium lanthanum, neodymium, europium, samarium, lead, thorium, or uranium.

## Use

Pentaethylenehexamine is used in ion exchange resins, eg Lewatit 6718 HLH.
Pentaethylenehexamine has been investigated as a component in carbon dioxide capture, including direct from the air for conversion to methanol.
# Purple Heart (disambiguation)

The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration.
Purple Heart may also refer to:

## Awards

* Purple Heart (Ethiopia), given to military personnel wounded during a war action
* DEA Purple Heart Award, given by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
* Law Enforcement Purple Heart, a generic term to describe an American law enforcement medal
* Texas Purple Heart Medal, given within the Texas Military Forces

## Film

* The Purple Heart, a 1944 American war film starring Dana Andrews
* Purple Hearts (1984 film), an American war film starring Ken Wahl and Cheryl Ladd
* Purple Heart (film), a 2006 American war film by Bill Birrell
* Purple Hearts (2022 film), an American romance film created for Netflix

## Music

* The Purple Hearts (Australian band), a 1960s R&B and rock group
* Purple Hearts (British band), a 1970s/1980s English mod revival group
* "💜" a.k.a. "The Purple Heart", a 2018 EP by American singer-songwriter Left at London
* Purple Hearts (soundtrack), from the 2022 film
* Purple Hearts, a song by Kendrick Lamar, Summer Walker, and Ghostface Killah from Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers, 2022
* Purple Heart, a song by Odetari, and Don Toliver from Door to Dusk, 2023

## Plants

* Peltogyne, genus of tropical deciduous trees, whose heartwood is sold under the name purpleheart or purple heart
* Tradescantia pallida 'Purpurea', a herbaceous cultivar with purple foliage commonly grown as an onamental perennial or houseplant

## Other uses

* Purple Heart Trail, a highway name used in the United States
* Purple Heart, a novel by Patricia McCormick
* Purple Heart, a main character in the Hyperdimension Neptunia video game series
* Purple Heart Memorial Bridge, in the Alexandria, Louisiana area
* Dexamyl or "purple hearts", an obsolete antidepressant used as a recreational drug
# Soleyman Khan Ardalan

Soleyman Khan Ardalan was the Ardalan beglerbeg (governor) of Kurdistan from 1637 to 1657. He is notable for having founded the city of Sanandaj in 1636/37, which would serve as the capital of the Ardalan principality until its dissolution in the 1860s. He was the cousin of Khan Ahmad Khan Ardalan, who had previously served as the governor of Kurdistan from 1617 to 1637. Following the Iranian–Ottoman Treaty of Zohab in 1639, Soleyman Khan lost the western half of his domain to the Ottomans, which included Shahrezur, Qaradagh, Qezelja, Sarutchek, Kirkuk, Rawandez, Emayideh, Koy, Harir and the western portion of Avraman. The extent of Kurdistan was thus now restricted to that of Sanandaj, Marivan, eastern Avraman, Baneh, Saqqeh, Javanrud, and some of the Jaf confederacy.
Soleyman Khan was eventually dismissed by Shah Abbas II (r. 1642–1666) for planning a revolt with the help of the Ottoman Empire. He was exiled to Mashhad in Khorasan, while his eldest son Kalb Ali Khan Ardalan was appointed the new governor.
# Back 2 the Future

Back 2 the Future is a compilation album by Cosmic Gate that includes remixes of some of their older songs, such as Fire Wire, Exploration of Space, Human Beings and The Drums. The tracks were remixed by other well-established DJs, such as Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, John O'Callaghan, Markus Schulz, Arnej and others. It was released on February 22, 2011.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

* Exploration of Space (Cosmic Gate's Back 2 the Future Remix)
* Fire Wire (Cosmic Gate's Back 2 The Future Remix)
* Raging (Duderstadt Remix)
* Back to Earth (Jochen Miller Remix)
* Human Beings (Estiva Remix)
* The Truth (Cold Blue Remix)
* Fire Wire (Rank 1 Remix)
* The Drums (Markus Schulz Remix)
* Melt to the Ocean (John O'Callaghan's Main Room Remix)

### Disc 2

* Back to Earth (Arty Remix)
* Fire Wire (Wippenberg Remix)
* Raging (Alexander Popov Remix)
* Exploration of Space (Spencer & Hill Remix)
* The Drums (Robbie Rivera Juicy Mofo Remix)
* Fire Wire (DJ Delicious ReWire Fire Mix)
* Human Beings (Daniel Kandi's Human Society Remix)
* Exploration of Space (Dirty Herz Rave-O-Lution Remix)
* Fire Wire (Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike Remix)
* Human Beings (Arnej Remix)
# Joaquín Fernández (footballer, born 1996)

Joaquín Fernández Moreno (born 31 May 1996), sometimes known as just Joaquín, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or midfielder for Major League Soccer club Sporting Kansas City.

## Club career
### Almería

Born in Huércal de Almería, Almería, Andalusia, Joaquín joined UD Almería's youth setup in 2010, aged 16, after starting it out at UCD La Cañada Atlético. He made his senior debuts with the B-team in the 2012–13 season, in Segunda División B.
On 2 December 2013 Joaquín moved to Liverpool in a trial basis. He trained with the club's under-18 squad, but returned to the Rojiblancos ten days later.
On 14 October 2015 Joaquín made his first team debut, starting in a 2–1 Copa del Rey home win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona. He made his Segunda División debut on 9 January of the following year, coming on as a late substitute for Quique González in a 1–1 draw at CD Mirandés.
On 1 December 2016, after becoming a regular starter under Fernando Soriano, Joaquín renewed his contract until 2021, being definitely promoted to the main squad the following January. Ahead of the 2018–19 campaign, he was named team captain.

### Valladolid

On 31 August 2018, Joaquín signed a five-year contract with Real Valladolid, newly promoted to La Liga.

### Trabzonspor

On 30 June 2023, Joaquín moved abroad and signed for Trabzonspor of the Turkish Süper Lig.

### Sporting Kansas City

On 13 August 2024, Joaquín signed an eighteen month contract with a Major League Soccer Club, Sporting Kansas City.
# Richard Seals

Richard Anthony Seals (born March 18, 1976) is an American former professional football defensive tackle. He played college football at Utah. He was selected by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2000 NFL draft.
In his career, he also played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe, the Buffalo Bills of the NFL, and the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League (AFL).

## Early life

Seals attended James Madison High School in Houston, Texas. Seals joined the high school football team in tenth grade as a tight end. He recorded 21 receptions for 520 yards, as a senior. Besides Utah, he was also recruited by Minnesota, Syracuse and Texas A&M.
As a freshman, in 1996, Seals started the season as a back-up tight end. On September 18, he was switched to defensive tackle and 10 days later started against Kansas.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | 316 lb (143 kg) | 5.03 s | 1.74 s | 2.96 s | 4.60 s | 7.78 s | 28+1⁄2 in (0.72 m) | 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) | 24 reps |
| All values from the 2000 NFL Combine. ||||||||||
Seals was selected in the seventh round (218th overall) of the 2000 NFL draft by the New York Jets. On May 18, 2000, he signed his rookie contract. After being released by the Jets, he changed teams multiple times, spending time with the Frankfurt Galaxy for the 2001 season. Then spending the 2002, 2003, and part of the 2004 seasons with the Buffalo Bills. On November 1, 2005, he was signed by the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League, where he appeared in eight games over the 2005 and 2006 seasons.

## Personal life

In 2016, Seals filed a lawsuit against the NCAA and the Western Athletic Conference claiming the failed to protect athletes from concussions. In the suit, he claimed he had numerous concussions at practice and in. As a result, he suffers from deficient cognitive and reasoning skills, memory loss, sleeplessness and mood swings.
# Catherine Clarke (academic)

Catherine A. M. Clarke FRHistS is a British academic. She serves as the Chair in the History of People, Place and Community at the Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London, where she is Director of the Centre for History of People, Place and Community and Director of the Victoria County History. She is a specialist in the Middle Ages and has published on power, place and identity in medieval Britain.

## Education

Clarke received her BA from the University of Oxford in 1998 and her MA from the University of Reading in 1999. She earned her PhD in 2003 from the Department of English at King's College, London. Her doctoral thesis was titled The Locus Amoenus in Old English: Guthlac A and its Cultural Context. Clare Lees and Jane Roberts served as Clarke's doctoral supervisors.

## Career

Clarke taught at Swansea University and University College, Oxford, and was appointed to a personal chair at the English Department of the University of Southampton in 2012, where she remains a visiting professor. She was appointed chair at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London, in 2019; within this role she is Director of the Victoria County History, a national project founded in 1899 to write the history of English counties.
Clarke has led major Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded projects on medieval places and their interpretation, such as "City Witness: Place and Perspective in Medieval Swansea". Her project "The St Thomas Way" developed a new heritage route from Swansea to Hereford, inspired by medieval pilgrimage.
In 2016 Clarke delivered the Denys Hay Lecture at the University of Edinburgh: 'Place machines: memory, imagination and the medieval city'. She is the Director of CARMEN: The Worldwide Medieval Network, and programme coordinator for Anglo-Saxon Studies at the annual Leeds International Medieval Congress. She previously held a Visiting Fellowship at the Lilly Library, Indiana University Bloomington.
Clarke has written for The Conversation and appeared on Channel Four historical documentaries.
# Alejandro García

Alejandro García may refer to:
* Alejandro García (boxer) (born 1979), Mexican boxer
* Alejandro García (footballer, born 1961), Mexican footballer
* Alejandro García (footballer, born 1984), Spanish footballer
* Alejandro García (soccer, born 1994), American soccer player
* Alejandro García Caturla (1906–1940), Cuban composer
* Alejandro García Padilla (born 1971), President of the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico
* Alejandro García Reneses (born 1946), Spanish basketball coach
* Alejandro Alvarado García (1839–1922), Costa Rican politician
* Alejandro Robles García (born 1999), Spanish footballer
* Álex García (footballer, born 1970), Spanish footballer
# Adelptes clavipalpis

Adelptes clavipalpis is a species of beetle in the genus Adelptes. It was described in 1965.
# The Gypsy Queens (album)

The Gypsy Queens is the debut studio album by five piece band, The Gypsy Queens. It was released in the United Kingdom on the November 2, 2012. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number 46.

## Background

Following signing their record deal with London Records (Universal Music) they recorded their debut album with the legendary producer Larry Klein (who has worked with Joni Mitchell, Herbie Hancock and Madeleine Peyroux) in Los Angeles in April 2012. The album features songs such as L'Americano, Aicha, Ventura Highway and Marrakesh Express as well as vocals from Madeleine Peyroux, Graham Nash (Crosby Stills and Nash), Gerry Beckley, Dewey Bunnell and Pianist Booker T.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| UK Albums Chart | 46 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | November 2, 2012 | Digital download | London Records, Universal Music |
| United Kingdom | December 10, 2012 | CD | London Records, Universal Music |
# Kveller

Kveller is a Jewish parenting website that publishes articles on pregnancy, parenting and Jewish culture. It was founded in 2010 as a project of Jewish education website, MyJewishLearning. The site's parent company is 70 Faces Media, the result of a 2015 merger between the Jewish Telegraphic Agency and MyJewishLearning. It is the largest on-line community of Jewish parents in the United States.

## History

The idea for the website, catering to Jewish parents, came from the Jewish learning website, MyJewishLearning as early as 2007.
A naming contest was held for the site, with thousands of submissions. Kveller, suggested by the writer, Sam Apple was chosen. The name derives from the Yiddish word, Kvell, meaning to express great pleasure combined with pride. The site received seed funding from UJA-Federation of New York.
The site's first editor was Deborah Kolben. Kolben was a new parent herself when the site was founded and saw its potential to pass on "solid core Jewish values".
The actress Mayim Bialik and Rabbi Danya Ruttenberg are among contributors to the site.

## Awards

In 2015, the site was awarded the Simon Rockower Award for Excellence in Jewish Journalism.
# Charles Gabrielsson

Charles Adolf Gabrielsson (7 October 1884 – 16 April 1976) was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. Together with his younger brother Axel he was a crew member of the boat Göteborgs that was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the coxed four, inriggers tournament. He was married to Elvira Davida, a woman two year his junior.
# A Nigger in the Woodpile

A Nigger in the Woodpile is a 1904 American silent film, with a runtime of four minutes. The title is derived from the idiom nigger in the woodpile, meaning something is wrong or "off". A copy is in the Black films section of the Library of Congress. The video can also be found on YouTube.

## Synopsis

A deacon, played by a white actor in blackface, is constantly stealing firewood from a white farmer. The farmer, with the help of a companion, places a stick of dynamite in one of the blocks, hoping to rid himself of the thievery in this way. When the deacon returns with an older man (also an actor in blackface) to steal wood he is fooled into taking the dynamite with him, hidden in one of the blocks he stole. He goes home where his wife (again played by a male actor in blackface) is cooking. He places three blocks in the fireplace, the last of which contains the dynamite. Shortly after, it explodes, but no one is killed. The farmer and his friend enter and haul off the old man.
The film was shot in a studio in New York City.

## Analysis

Writing about the film's racist content, in Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity, author Jacqueline Najuma Stewart states that the blackfaced actors are "wearing costumes signifying their traditional racial "types": Mammy in apron and bandanna; an uppity "colored deacon," striking Zip Coon figure in top hat and tails: and his partner in crime, a harmless, shabbily dressed, white-haired Uncle Remus. The film depicts African Americans as habitual thieves,... And the film's "punitive" ending (a commonplace in early film comedies) functions to bring about narrative closure at the expense of the black transgressors."
# Hôtel de Ville, Ivry-sur-Seine

The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation:, City Hall) is a municipal building in Ivry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne, in the southern suburbs of Paris, standing on Esplanade Georges Marrane. It has been included on the Inventaire général des monuments by the French Ministry of Culture since 1994.

## History

Following the French Revolution, the new council initially held its meetings in the house of the mayor of the day. However, in the mid-19th century, it decided to acquire a dedicated municipal building: the property it selected was a private house on Rue de Seine (now Avenue Georges Gosnat). The house was designed by Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne and was completed in 1739. It accommodated a school established by the educator, Pierre-Philibert Pompée, from 1853. In August 1870, in the context of the threat Franco-Prussian War, the council relocated to the relative safety of a property in central Paris but, after the threat had subsided in 1871, the council acquired the house on Rue de Seine.
In the late 19th century, the council decided to commission a more substantial town hall on the same site, just to the southeast of the original building, which was later demolished. The foundation stone was laid by the Secretary-General of the Seine Prefecture, Léon Bruman, on 3 February 1895. It was designed by Chancel Adrien in the Louis XIV style, built in ashlar stone and was officially opened by the mayor, Émile-Louis Bruyer, on 19 April 1896.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of five bays facing onto Rue de Seine. The central three bays featured round headed openings containing doorways with iron grills, voussoirs and keystones. The outer bays contained pairs of casement windows, stacked one on top of the other, while the first floor was fenestrated with five tall casement windows with balustrades, moulded surrounds and keystones. The bays on the ground floor were flanked by banded Doric order columns supporting entablatures and cornices, while the bays on the first floor were flanked by fluted Corinthian order columns supporting entablatures and modillioned cornices. The bays on the first floor were flanked by six niches containing statues reflecting local industries: they were sculpted by Léon Fagel, Adolphe Geoffroy, Jean Hugues and Camille Lefèvre. Above the central bay, there was a clock flanked by pilasters supporting a pediment while, above the other bays, there were heraldic shields flanked by pilasters supporting pediments. Internally, the principal rooms were the Salle des Mariages (wedding room) and the Salle du Conseil (council chamber).
During the Paris insurrection on 19 August 1944, part of the Second World War, the town hall was seized by the French Resistance. This was just a week before the liberation of the town by the French 2nd Armoured Division, commanded by General Philippe Leclerc, on 25 August 1944.
Works of art in the town hall include three frescoes painted on plywood by Fernand Léger in the early 1950s. They illustrate the poem, Liberté, written by Paul Éluard during the German occupation of France.
# MAA FOCUS

MAA FOCUS is the newsmagazine of the Mathematical Association of America. It carries news items and short articles of interest to the organization's members.

## History and profile

The magazine was first published in March 1981; the first editor was Marcia P. Sward, who held that position until September 1985. Beginning in 2009 the magazine is published six times a year; previously it was published nine times a year. The magazine is printed on glossy paper with a final trim size of 8-1/4 inches wide by 10-5/8 inches high. Circulation in 2008 was 22,400 copies.
# Centrale tram stop

Centrale tram stop is a stop on the Tramlink service in Croydon town centre, serving the Centrale shopping centre. The tram stop was provided and paid for as part of the development of the shopping centre.
The stop operates as a transport interchange with trams stopping on one side of the platform and local buses on the other. Centrale, West Croydon and East Croydon, operate as Tramlink interchanges within the 'Croydon Loop'.

## Connections

London Buses routes 157, 264, 407 and 410 serve the tram stop.

## History

On 2 April 2004, The new Centrale shopping centre opened in central Croydon. The facility included a new 1000-space car park, the entrance to which is near the current stop. A tram stop was planned to service the new shopping centre and this was opened on 10 December 2005.

## Services

The typical off-peak service in trams per hour from Centrale is:
* 6 tph eastbound only between Wimbledon and Beckenham Junction
* 6 tph eastbound only between Wimbledon and Elmers End
* 8 tph eastbound only to West Croydon, continuing to New Addington
Services are operated using Bombardier CR4000 and Stadler Variobahn Trams.
| Preceding station | Tramlink | Following station |
| Reeves CornerOne-way operation | Tramlink Wimbledon to Beckenham Junction | West Croydontowards Beckenham Junction |
| Reeves CornerOne-way operation | Tramlink Wimbledon to Elmers End | West Croydontowards Elmers End |
| Church StreetOne-way operation | Tramlink New Addington to Croydon town centre | West Croydontowards New Addington |
# Kim Allo

Kim Allo (Korean: 김안로; 1481 – 27 October 1537) was a Korean politician and scholar of the Joseon period. His art names were Hŭiraktang, Yongch'ŏn, and T'oejae, and his courtesy name was Isuk. He was from the Yonan Kim clan.

## Family

* Father
** Kim Hŭn (김흔; 金訢; 1448–1492)
* Mother
** Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨; 1452–1519)
* Siblings
** Older sister - Lady Kim of the Yonan Kim clan (연안 김씨; 1469–?)
** Older sister - Lady Kim of the Yonan Kim clan (연안 김씨; 1474–?)
** Older brother - Kim An-jŏng (김안정; 金安鼎; 1476–1533)
** Older brother - Kim An-se (김안세; 金安世; 1477–1518)
** Older sister - Lady Kim of the Yonan Kim clan (연안 김씨; 1480–?)
* Wife and children
** Lady Ch'ae of the Incheon Ch'ae clan (정경부인 인천 채씨; 貞敬夫人 仁川 蔡氏; 1484–?); daughter of Ch'ae Su (채수; 蔡壽; 25 August 1449 – 12 December 1515)
*** Son - Kim Ki (김기; 金祺; 1505–?)
*** Son - Kim Hŭi (김희; 金禧; 1508–1531)
**** Daughter-in-law - Yi Ok-ha (이옥하; 李玉荷), Princess Hyohye (효혜공주; 13 June 1511 – 6 May 1531)
*** Son - Kim Hwi (김휘; 金徽; 1517–1606)