# List of Arabic letter components

This is a list of Arabic letter components used in Arabic script.

## Table of Letter Components

A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic.
MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic.
CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic.
AD = Letters used in some regional Arabic Dialects.
"Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.
"Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian.
FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.
SV = Stylistic variant: the letter is used interchangeably with at least one other letter depending on the calligraphic style.
AW = Arabic words: the letter is used in additional languages to spell Arabic words.

### Table
#### No additions

| Letter Line Shapes | Letter Line Shapes | Letter Line Shapes | Letter Line Shapes | Letter Line Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| positional forms | positional forms | positional forms | isolated | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| positional forms | positional forms | positional forms | start | start | ء | ا | | ىـ | | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | | | ٯـ | ڪـ | كـ | کـ | گـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | لا |
| positional forms | positional forms | positional forms | middle | middle | ء | ـا | | ـىـ | | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | | | ـٯـ | ـڪـ | ـكـ | ـکـ | ـگـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ـلا |
| positional forms | positional forms | positional forms | end | end | ء | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـٯ | ـڪ | ـك | ـک | ـگ | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | ـلا |
| image of forms | image of forms | image of forms | isolated start middle end | isolated start middle end | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | U+0621 | U+0627 | U+06D2 | U+0649 | U+06BA | U+066E | U+062D | U+0633 | U+0635 | U+0637 | U+0639 | U+06A1 | U+06A1 | U+066F | U+066F | U+06AA | U+0643 | U+06A9 | U+06AF | U+0644 | U+0645 | U+062F | U+0631 | U+0648 | U+06BE | U+06C1 | U+0647 | ا + ل |
| Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Arabic | Arabic | Urdu | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Arabic | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Arabic | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | Arabic |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| none | none | none | none | start mid end | ء | ـا ا | ـــے ے | ىـ ـىـ ـى | ـں ں | ٮـ ـٮـ ـٮ | حـ ـحـ ـح | سـ ـسـ ـس | صـ ـصـ ـص | طـ ـطـ ـط | عـ ـعـ ـع | ڡـ ـڡـ ـڡ | ڡـ ـڡـ ـڡ | ٯـ ـٯـ ـٯ | ٯـ ـٯـ ـٯ | ڪــ ـڪــ ـڪ | كـ ـكـ ـك | کـ ـکـ ـک | گـ ـگـ ـگ | لـ ـلـ ـل | مـ ـمـ ـم | ـد د | ـر ر | ـو و | ھـ ـھـ ـھ | ہـ ـہـ ـہ | هـ ـهـ ـه | ـلا لا |
| Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Arabic | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA |
| Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | Unicode for above | U+0621 | U+0627 | U+06D2 | U+0649 | U+06BA | U+066E | U+062D | U+0633 | U+0635 | U+0637 | U+0639 | U+06A1 | U+06A1 | U+066F | U+066F | U+06AA | U+0643 | U+06A9 | U+06AF | U+0644 | U+0645 | U+062F | U+0631 | U+0648 | U+06BE | U+06C1 | U+0647 | ل + ا |
| Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ی | ࢽ | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ࢼ | ࢼ | ࢻ | ࢻ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | start mid end | | | | یـ ـیـ ـی | ࢽـ ـࢽـ ـࢽ | | | | | | | ࢻـ ـࢻـ ـࢻ | ࢻـ ـࢻـ ـࢻ | ࢼـ ـࢼـ ـࢼ | ࢼـ ـࢼـ ـࢼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | Bare line in isolated and end forms only | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | U+08BD | | | | | | | U+08BB | U+08BB | U+08BC | U+08BC | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### dots
##### 1 dot

| Diacritics | Diacritics | Diacritics | Diacritics | Letter Shapes: | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 1 dot below | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ب | ج | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 1 dot below | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | ◌࣭ ◌ٜ ــٜـ ﮳ | connected | | | | | | بـ ـبـ ـب | جـ ـجـ ـج | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB3 U+065C | U+FBB3 U+065C | U+FBB3 U+065C | U+FBB3 U+065C | Unicode | | | | | | U+0628 | U+062C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 dot above + 1 dot below | 1 dot above + 1 dot below | 1 dot above + 1 dot below | ﮲﮳ | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڹ | ٮ | ح | ښ | ۻ | ط | ۼ | ڣ | ڣ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ږ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 1 dot above + 1 dot below | 1 dot above + 1 dot below | 1 dot above + 1 dot below | ﮲﮳ | connected | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 dot above | 1 dot above | ◌࣪ ﮲ | ◌࣪ ﮲ | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ن | ٮ | خ | س | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ف | ڧ | ڧ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | ݥ | ذ | ز | ۏ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 1 dot above | 1 dot above | ◌࣪ ﮲ | ◌࣪ ﮲ | connected | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB2 | U+FBB2 | U+FBB2 | U+FBB2 | Unicode | | | | | U+0646 | | U+062E | | U+0636 | U+0638 | U+063A | U+0641 | U+0641 | U+06A7 | U+06A7 | | | | | | U+0765 | U+0630 | U+0632 | U+06CF | | | | |

##### 2 dots

| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 2 dots below start and mid | 2 dots below start and mid | ﮵ | ﮵ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | یـ ـیـ ـی ی | یـ ـیـ ـی ی | یـ ـیـ ـی ی | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 2 dots below start and mid | 2 dots below start and mid | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | Farsi, Urdu, AD | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | | | | U+06CC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 dots below all positions | 2 dots below all positions | ﮵ | ﮵ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | يـ ـيـ ـي ي | يـ ـيـ ـي ي | يـ ـيـ ـي ي | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 2 dots below all positions | 2 dots below all positions | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | Arabic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | | | | U+064A | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 vertical dots below | 2 vertical dots below | 2 vertical dots below | ﮾ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 2 vertical dots below | 2 vertical dots below | 2 vertical dots below | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBBE | U+FBBE | U+FBBE | U+FBBE | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 vertical dots above | 2 vertical dots above | 2 vertical dots above | ﮽ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 2 vertical dots above | 2 vertical dots above | 2 vertical dots above | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBBD | U+FBBD | U+FBBD | U+FBBD | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 horizontal dots above | 2 horizontal dots above | ﮴ | ﮴ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ت | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ق | ق | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ـۃ | ـة | لا |
| 2 horizontal dots above | 2 horizontal dots above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FBB4 | FBB4 | FBB4 | FBB4 | Unicode | | | | | | U+062A | | | | | | | | U+0642 | U+0642 | | | | | | | | | | | U+06C3 | U+0629 | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| ﮴ ‎ | above: 2 dots |
| ﮵ ‎ | below: 2 dots |
| ﮽ ‎ | above: 2 dots (vertically) |
| ﮾ ‎ | below: 2 dots (vertically) |
| U+08EB (2283) | ◌࣫ | TWO DOTS ABOVE |
| U+08EE (2286) | ◌࣮ | TWO DOTS BELOW |

##### 3 dots

| ث پ چ ژ ش ‎ | Arabic & Persian |
| ݑ ڥ ڤ ڨ ڠ ڟ ڞ ۺ ڜ ڛ څ ڿ ۑ ۋ ڮ ڴ ڷ ڸ ‎ | other pointing out |
| ݤ ڏ ݓ ݒ ݡ ݘ ݞ ‎ | inverted |
| 3 dots below (horizontal) | 3 dots below (horizontal) | ﮳ ﮳ ﮳ | ﮳ ﮳ ﮳ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ݐ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 3 dots below (horizontal) | 3 dots below (horizontal) | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | Fula | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | U+0750 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 dots below (inverted) | 3 dots below (inverted) | ﮷ | ﮷ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 3 dots below (inverted) | 3 dots below (inverted) | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB7 | U+FBB7 | U+FBB7 | U+FBB7 | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 dots below | 3 dots below | ﮹ | ﮹ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | پ | چ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 3 dots below | 3 dots below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB9 | U+FBB9 | U+FBB9 | U+FBB9 | Unicode | | | | | | U+067E | U+0686 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 dots above + 3 dots below | 3 dots above + 3 dots below | ﮹﮶ | ﮹﮶ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | ڜ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 3 dots above + 3 dots below | 3 dots above + 3 dots below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 | U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 | U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 | U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 dots above | 3 dots above | ﮶ | ﮶ | isolated form | | | | | ڽ | ث | څ | ش | ڞ | ڟ | ڠ | ڤ | ڤ | ڨ | ڨ | | | | | ڷ | | | ژ | | | | | |
| 3 dots above | 3 dots above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | Malay | | Pashto | | | | Malay | Malay | Malay | | | | | | | Brahui | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB6 | U+FBB6 | U+FBB6 | U+FBB6 | Unicode | | | | | U+06BD | U+062B | U+0685 | U+0634 | U+069E | U+069F | U+06A0 | U+06A4 | U+06A4 | U+06A8 | U+06A8 | | | | | U+06B7 | | | U+0698 | | | | | |
| 3 dots above (inverted) | 3 dots above (inverted) | ﮸ | ﮸ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ݞ | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | ڏ | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 3 dots above (inverted) | 3 dots above (inverted) | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBB8 | U+FBB8 | U+FBB8 | U+FBB8 | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sindhi | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+068F | | | | | | |

##### 4 dots

| 4 dots below | 4 dots below | ﮻ | ﮻ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ڀ | ڇ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 4 dots below | 4 dots below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBBB | U+FBBB | U+FBBB | U+FBBB | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 dots above | 4 dots above | ﮺ | ﮺ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٿ | ح | ݜ | ص | ط | ع | ڦ | ڦ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | ڐ | ڙ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| 4 dots above | 4 dots above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | Shina, Torwali | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sindhi, Shina, Torwali | | | | | |
| U+FBBA | U+FBBA | U+FBBA | U+FBBA | Unicode | | | | | | U+067F | | U+075C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+0690 | U+0699 | | | | | |

##### different dots above and below

* ݓ U+0753, ݓ ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE. Hausa https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DD%93
* ݑ U+0751, ݑ ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE. Wolof https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DD%91
| mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ڿ | ۺ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | mixed dots above + below | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

#### tōē

| small tōē below | small tōē below | ﯁ | ﯁ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ݮ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| small tōē below | small tōē below | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | | | | | | | ݮـ ـݮـ ـݮ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | U+076E | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | | | Khowar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| small tōē above | ـــؕــ ﯀ ◌ؕ | ـــؕــ ﯀ ◌ؕ | ـــؕــ ﯀ ◌ؕ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڻ | ٹ | ݲ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ࣇ لؕ‎ | م | ڈ | ڑ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| small tōē above | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Urdu Punjabi Torwali | Urdu Punjabi Torwali | Urdu Punjabi Torwali | Urdu Punjabi Torwali | Languages | | | | | Punjabi | Urdu | Torwali | | | | | | | | | | | | | Punjabi | | Urdu | Urdu | | | | | |
| U+0615 U+FBC0 | U+0615 U+FBC0 | U+0615 U+FBC0 | U+0615 U+FBC0 | Unicode | | | | | U+06BB | U+0679 | U+0772 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+0688 | U+0691 | | | | | |
| small tōē + dot(s) | small tōē + dot(s) | | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ݨ | ٮ | ح | ݰ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ݱ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| small tōē + dot(s) | small tōē + dot(s) | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | connected form(s) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Languages | | | | | Punjabi, Seraiki, Shina | | | Torwali | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Torwali | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

#### ring

| ring | ring | | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ؠ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ګ | گ | ل | م | ډ | ړ | ۄ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| ring | ring | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FBBF | FBBF | FBBF | FBBF | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ring and dots | ring and dots | ring and dots | ring and dots | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڼ | ټ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| ring and dots | ring and dots | ring and dots | ring and dots | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

#### line

| horizontal line | horizontal line | — | — | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ۍ ـۍ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ؈ | ؈ | ڪ | ك | گ | گ | ݪ | م | د | ݛ | ۅ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| horizontal line | horizontal line | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Punjabi, Marwari, Kalami | | | | Kirghiz | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+075B | | | | | |
| multiple lines | multiple lines | ﮼ | ﮼ | isolated form | ۽ | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ࢦ | ۾ | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| multiple lines | multiple lines | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+FBBC | U+FBBC | U+FBBC | U+FBBC | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+08A6 | | | | | | | | |
| vertical line | vertical line | | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ۈ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| vertical line | vertical line | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### numeral

* Burushaski ݸ
* Burushaski ݹ
* Burushaski ݳ
* Burushaski ݴ
* Burushaski ݶ
* Burushaski ݷ
* Burushaski ݻ
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Persian numeral 2 above | Persian numeral 2 above | ٢ | | isolated form | ء | ا | ݺ | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ݸ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Persian numeral 2 above | Persian numeral 2 above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Burushaski | Burushaski | Burushaski | Burushaski | Languages | | | Burushaski | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Burushaski | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | U+077A | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Persian numeral 3 above | Persian numeral 3 above | ٣ | | isolated form | ء | ا | ݻ | ݶ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Persian numeral 3 above | Persian numeral 3 above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Burushaski | Burushaski | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | Burushaski | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | U+077B | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Persian numeral 4 above | Persian numeral 4 above | ۴ | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | ݽ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Persian numeral 4 above | Persian numeral 4 above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Burushaski | Burushaski | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | Burushaski | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | U+077D | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Persian numeral 4 below | Persian numeral 4 below | ۴ | $_۴$ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ݷ | ں | ٮ | ݼ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Persian numeral 4 below | Persian numeral 4 below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Burushaski | Burushaski | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | Burushaski | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | U+077C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

#### arrows

| V below | V below | ٚ | ٛ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ݕ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ڕ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| V below | V below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | Wolof | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+065B U+065A | U+065B U+065A | U+065B U+065A | U+065B U+065A | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| small V above | small V above | ــٚـ | ◌ٚ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ێ | ں | ݖ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ڵ | م | د | ڒ | ۆ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| small V above | small V above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | | | | | Wolof | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+065A | U+065A | U+065A | U+065A | Unicode | | | | | | U+0756 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| inverted V above | inverted V above | ــٛـ | ◌ٛ | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ؽ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | ۮ | ۯ | ۉ | ۿ | ہ | ه | لا |
| inverted V above | inverted V above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+065B | U+065B | U+065B | U+065B | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| arrow and dots | arrow and dots | | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| arrow and dots | arrow and dots | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Hamza

| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Hamza below | Hamza below | ــٕـ | ◌ٕ | isolated form | ء | إ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لإ |
| Hamza below | Hamza below | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+0655 | U+0655 | U+0655 | U+0655 | Unicode | | U+0625 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+0644 + U+0625 |
| Hamza above | Hamza above | ــٔـ | ◌ٔ | isolated form | ء | أ | ۓ | ئ | ں | ٮ | ځ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ؤ | ھ | ۂ | ۀ | لأ |
| Hamza above | Hamza above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | | | | | | | Pashto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+0674 U+0654 | U+0674 U+0654 | U+0674 U+0654 | U+0674 U+0654 | Unicode | | U+0623 | U+06D3 | U+0626 | | | U+0681 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U+0624 | | U+06C2 | U+06C0 | U+0644 + U+0623 |
| Hamza and dots | Hamza and dots | | | isolated form | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Hamza and dots | Hamza and dots | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unicode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Languages | Languages | Languages | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### other semi-optional vowels

| maddah above | ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ | ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ | ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ | isolated form | ء | آ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لآ |
| maddah above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | Languages | | Arabic, Urdu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+06E4 U+0653 | U+06E4 U+0653 | U+06E4 U+0653 | U+06E4 U+0653 | Unicode | | U+0622 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wasala above | Wasala above | | | isolated form | ء | ٱ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
| Wasala above | Wasala above | | | image | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Languages | Languages | | CA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| none | none | none | none | Unicode | | U+0671 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ڪ | ك | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

### blank line for new entries
#### header

| diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | diacritics | Letter Shapes | Letter Shapes | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ڡ | ٯ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |

## Footnotes

^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols". The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^ii. For most letters the isolated form is shown, for select letters all forms (isolated, start, middle, and end) are shown.
^iii. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.
^iv. These characters are used by most languages that use writing systems based on Arabic, though sometimes only in foreign words.
^v. A Wasala diacritic Unicode character has been proposed but not yet released.