# The Roof (Back in Time)

"The Roof (Back in Time)" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, taken from her sixth studio album, Butterfly (1997). Columbia Records released it in Europe as the album's fourth single on March 16, 1998. The song was written and produced by Carey and Trackmasters, and is built around a sample from "Shook Ones (Part II)" (1995) by American hip hop duo Mobb Deep. The song's lyrics recount an intimate roof-top encounter between lovers, and how the memory affects the protagonist. The extended remix features a rap verse by Mobb Deep; both versions were praised by contemporary music critics.
In the music video, Carey is seen in a limousine recounting an encounter she shared on a rainy night. Additionally, past scenes of the event are shown, with Carey caressing her lover at a rooftop party. During the video's climax, Carey opens the limousine's sunroof and stands in the rain, trying to recapture the moments she shared in the rain. Carey performed the song live during her Butterfly World Tour in 1998. Due to the song's limited release, "The Roof" did not chart in most major music markets, with the exception of The Netherlands and the United Kingdom, where it peaked at numbers 63 and 87, respectively.
In addition, "The Roof" was added to Carey's compilation album The Ballads (2009). In 2020, Carey revealed that the song was about her relationship with New York Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter, whom she first kissed on the roof of his apartment building.
On April 14, 2022, Carey revealed a re-recorded and re-imagined version of the song, titled "The Roof (When I Feel the Need)" for her course on MasterClass. The song features vocals from R&B singer Brandy. The collaboration appears on the expanded edition of Butterfly for the album's 25th anniversary, released on September 16, 2022.

## Composition

The song is a slow and sultry song, which blends hip-hop and contemporary R&B genres. It incorporates drum notes, including heavy beats and grooves. The song's second version features a rap version from Mobb Deep. The song samples the melody from "Shook Ones Part II" by Mobb Deep, incorporating it into chorus and bridge. As part of "layering the song," background vocals are featured throughout the chorus and sections of the bridge. It is set in the signature common time, and is written in the key of B-flat minor. It features a basic chord progression of A♭-F♭$_1$. Carey's vocal range in the song spans from the low note of E♭$_3$ to the high note of F♭$_5$; the piano and guitar pieces range from F♭$_3$ to G♭$_5$ as well. The song contains lyrics written by Carey, who produced the song's melody and chorus as well. Aside from assisting with its chord progression, Cory Rooney co-arranged and produced the track as well. Author Chris Nickson felt the song was extremely important for Carey's musical transition, writing "Lyrically, this was some of her best work ever, the melody slinky and overtly sexy, confirmation – as if any was needed at this point! – that this was the new Mariah."

## Critical reception

"The Roof" was acclaimed by contemporary music critics for its choice of vocal work, instrumentation, and lyrics. David Browne from Entertainment Weekly praised the song as well as Carey's choice of vocals, writing, "Carey is still a vocal grandstander capable of turning all into a six-syllable word. Yet for most of the album she keeps her notorious octave-climbing chops at bay. Showing some admirable restraint, she nestles herself into the downy-soft beats of 'The Roof'." A reviewer from Music Week commented, "Moving on from the more traditional-sounding ballad "Butterfly", she reverts to the R&B flavour of its more successful predecessor, "Honey", with a cut that greater reflects the edgier feel of her current album. Though not one of her most memorable singles, [...] its old-fashioned qualities further underlined by the presence of rap act Mobb Deep." Rich Juzwiak from Slant Magazine wrote "Little more than yearning, kissing, and remembering happens during the course of 'The Roof', a rough-enough R&B revision of Mobb Deep's 'The Shook Ones.' But lyrically Mariah the writer is vivid, sometimes shockingly clever (rhyming 'liberated' with 'Moet' is a stroke of genius)."
Many publications included "The Roof" in rankings of Carey's music. Gay Times ranked it at number 9 and Billboard placed the Mobb Deep mix at number 14 on lists of her best songs. Among her top singles, "The Roof" has been ranked at number 47 (Cleveland.com), number 15 (Vulture), and number 8 (The Guardian). Billboard, Dazed, and XXL considered it one of her best hip hop collaborations. According to Princess Gabbara in Essence and Everett Brothers in Billboard, "The Roof" is one of Carey's most underrated songs.

## Release and chart performance

In 1998, "The Roof" was promoted as the fourth single from Butterfly. Columbia gave it little promotion and released it to European retail outlets only. Sony Music issued CD and maxi CD formats in Belgium on March 16. Following its release in the Netherlands, "The Roof" reached number 7 on the Tipparade and number 63 on the Single Top 100. It was Carey's lowest-charting single on the latter chart since "If It's Over" in 1992. According to Music & Media, the song was the most added to European radio station playlists for a week in March 1998.
Remixes of "The Roof" were provided to UK clubs for promotional use in late 1997. As the B-side to "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)", the Mobb Deep mix peaked at number 25 on the Record Mirror Club Chart published by Music Week. "The Roof" reached number 4 on the urban club chart as a standalone entry after the Mobb Deep mix was issued as part of a promotional disc that also featured "Underneath the Stars", "Breakdown" and "Babydoll". In early 1998, the single received a second promotional release in the UK. It peaked at number 30 on the club chart based on the David Morales mixes and reached number 9 on the urban club chart based on the Full Crew mixes. Although a commercial release scheduled for March 16, 1998, was canceled, "The Roof" peaked at number 87 on the UK singles chart due to import sales.
The Mobb Deep mix was later included on 1998 US maxi CDs of "My All", the album's fifth single. On August 28, 2020, Columbia and Legacy Recordings released a digital extended play with all the remixes of "The Roof" as part of the MC30 promotional campaign marking three decades of Carey's career.

## Music video

The music video for "The Roof" garnered critical acclaim, and was ranked 18th on Slant's "100 Greatest Music Videos". Sal Ciquemani, from Slant, gave the video a positive review, complimenting Carey's choice to pair the sultry song with a "sophisticated tale of a sexy rooftop encounter". The video re-tells a story of Carey reminiscing a past love and a night they shared together on a rainy roof-top. The video's setting revolves around a dark limousine, a decrepit NYC apartment, and a rainy roof-top, where "Carey is featured at her most vulnerable, with runny mascara and drenched in the cold rainy night." In the conclusion of his review of the video, Ciquemani wrote: "When Carey rises through the limo's sunroof and relishes the warm November rain, she's not drunk on the bubbly but on the memory of past delights."
The video was directed by Carey and Diane Martel during the spring of 1998. The music video begins with Carey sitting alone in a limousine, recalling a night she shared some time previous. As scenes of Carey reminiscing in the limo are shown, clips of her dressing in an old apartment are presented. Eventually, Carey joins a rooftop party one night, where she begins dancing and caressing her lover. As the passion between them grown, rain begins to fall, showering everyone atop the edifice. As these scenes end, Carey in the present opens the sun-roof of the limo and stands into the rainy night, trying to recapture those magical moments she shared on that rainy roof-top encounter. The video ends with a wet Carey lying in the back of the limousine, sad and lonely.

## Live performances

"The Roof" has been performed few times throughout Carey's career. The song was performed during her Butterfly World Tour in 1998. During the performances, live male and female dancers were present on stage, grooving and performing classic routines. Carey wore a short beige ensemble and performed light classical dances, alongside a male partner. The song was performed on select dates of Carey's 2014 The Elusive Chanteuse Show tour. Carey would later perform a snippet of it acapella during her set at Jimmy Kimmel Live! while promoting #1 To Infinity, later expressing to be happy at the fact the audience knew the lyrics to the song.
For the 2024–2025 Celebration of Mimi concert residency, Carey performed "The Roof" as a medley with other Butterfly songs while sitting on a couch.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Butterfly liner notes.
* Mariah Carey – co-production, songwriting (music and lyrics), vocals, Background vocals
* Jean Claude Oliver – songwriting (music), vocals
* Samuel Barnes – songwriting (music), vocals
* Cory Rooney – mixing, special effects
* Albert Johnson – songwriting (music)
* Kejuan Waliek Muchita – songwriting (music)
* Kelly Price - background vocals

## Charts

| Chart (1997–1998) | Peak position |
| Netherlands Single Top 100 (Dutch Charts) | 63 |
| Netherlands Tipparade (Stichting Nederlandse Top 40) | 7 |
| UK Singles (CIN) | 87 |
| UK R&B Singles (CIN) | 15 |
| UK R&B Albums (CIN) | 21 |
| UK Club (Music Week) | 25 |
| UK Club (Music Week) | 30 |
| UK Pop Club (Music Week) | 39 |
| UK Urban Club (Music Week) | 4 |
| UK Urban Club (Music Week) | 9 |