# Pariyerum Perumal

Pariyerum Perumal (transl. The Emperor who mounts a Horse) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Mari Selvaraj, and produced by Pa. Ranjith. The film stars Kathir and Anandhi, while Yogi Babu and G. Marimuthu appear in supporting roles. It follows Pariyan (Kathir), who belongs to an oppressed caste and enters into law college with a lot of hope, and strikes up a friendship with Jothi Mahalakshmi (Anandhi), who belongs to an upper caste, which irks Jothi's family members. He wakes up to the realities of caste oppression and discrimination, after being harassed by them.
Pariyerum Perumal is the directorial debut of Selvaraj, and drew inspiration from his 2012 short story collection Thamirabaraniyil Kollapadathavaragal (transl. Those not killed in the Thamirabarani) and 2013 serial Marakave Ninaikiraen (transl. I think only to forget). It is the first feature film produced by Ranjith's Neelam Productions. The film, announced in October 2016, was shot between January 2017 and March 2018, with Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi as the primary filming locations. The music was composed by Santhosh Narayanan, with cinematography handled by Sridhar and editing done by Selva R. K.
Pariyerum Perumal released on 28 September 2018, and received critical acclaim, with critics praising the technical aspects, direction, screenplay, performance of the film's cast, especially Kathir's performance. The film received four Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards, including Best Story and Best Director for Selvaraj, six nominations at the 8th SIIMA Awards, receiving two wins, four nominations at the 66th Filmfare Awards South, winning Best Film. The film was honoured at the 16th Chennai International Film Festival, receiving an award for the best feature, and was also screened at the 49th International Film Festival of India.

## Plot

Pariyerum Perumal, alias Pariyan is a youth hailing from Puliyankulam village near Tirunelveli, and belongs to an oppressed caste. The film begins with the murder of his beloved black dog, Karuppi (transl. Blackie) due to caste hegemony.
Pariyan moves on to secure a seat at Government Law College, Tirunelveli, where he wishes to become a lawyer like B. R. Ambedkar. He meets Jothi Mahalakshmi, alias Jo, a naive girl from Ambasamudram who takes it upon herself to teach English to Pariyan. She eventually falls for his innocence and honesty. This newfound friendship irks Sankaralingam, a fellow law student and Jo's cousin. He awaits a chance to teach a lesson to Pariyan and establish his caste superiority. He does so while the blissfully unaware Jo invites Pariyan to a family wedding.
In another part of the town, an old man is seen engineering unique methods to kill innocent people, for example, strangling a young girl, then hanging her, and drowning a student in the river. At the wedding that he was invited to, Pariyan is almost beaten to death by Sankaralingam and his fellows, and they also urinate on him. It is stopped, and Pariyan is warned by Jo's father to stay out of her life. Jo, unaware of all this, berates Pariyan the next day for not attending her sister's marriage as he was the only one from her college, who she had invited.
Pariyan, who becomes upset the next day, drinks alcohol and attends the class, which leads him to the principal's room. When he is asked to bring his father, he bribes a person to be his father, and the man does the job successfully. Another day, Pariyan's teacher tries to solve the problem between Pariyan and Jo, but Pariyan points out that Jo gave an invitation-only to him, making it clear that he treats her only as his friend, which infuriates her. On the same day, he sits on Sankaralingam's bench. The latter gets infuriated as he does not see Pariyan as his equal, pushes Pariyan into the ladies' toilet, and locks the door. This gets Pariyan in to trouble once again, and Pariyan is called to the principal's room. Pariyan is again asked to bring his father. This time, he brings his real father, who is a folk dancer who dances in drag clothing.
The principal understands Pariyan's innocence and asks him to be bold and continue to fight like this. As Pariyan comes out of the principal's room, he finds his father brutally hazed by Sankaralingam and his fellow mates, and they pull Pariyan's father's dhoti. Pariyan's father runs out of college half-naked, followed by Sankaralingam and his group, and Pariyan runs after them. Pariyan takes his father to a hospital for medical treatment. Meanwhile, Jo's father realises that his daughter is madly in love with Pariyan. Fearing humiliation and ostracisation from his caste if his daughter elopes with someone from a lower caste, he hires the old man, "Thatha Maistry." It is then revealed that Maistry is an assassin who murders people to protect the honour of the people of his caste. Maistry reveals that he looks at his work as a divine ordinance and promises that the day that he is unsuccessful, he will kill himself.
Maistry and Pariyan know each other, and Maistry even offers to fix the problem by talking to Pariyan. Pariyan, who is by his father's bedside at the hospital, contemplates taking revenge, but his mother asks him not to do so. She reminds him that humiliation and oppression are things that they have dealt with their whole lives, and that violence will not fix anything. He is informed that Jo is waiting in the hospital for him. An emotional Jo makes Pariyan realise how important he is for her, and though she loves him, she asks him to be the same old Pariyan, who was very friendly with her. Pariyan makes a promise to be like that.
Maistry asks for a lift in Pariyan's cycle and tries to kill him. He then puts Pariyan on a railway track to kill him in the same way that Karuppi was killed, but Pariyan wakes up and escapes, which leads to a heavy fight between Maistry and Pariyan. Pariyan realises that he was sent by Jo's father and Sankaralingam. He beats Sankaralingam and others brutally. He then tells Jo's father that the life he is living is a gift given by Pariyan because if Jo becomes aware of the activities of her father, she will not spare him. He asks him to leave him and he goes. Maistry, having failed to kill his mark for the first time, commits suicide on the railway track.
Jo, who remains completely oblivious to the violence around her, brings her father to meet Pariyan, and as she goes to buy tea for them, Jo's father asks for an apology for his mistake. He speaks cordially to Pariyan, who replies that as long as he remains the same and expects Pariyan to remain a dog, nothing will change.

## Cast

* Kathir as S. Pariyerum Perumal (Pariyan)
* Anandhi as Jothi Mahalakshmi (Jo)
* Yogi Babu as Anand
* Lijeesh as Sankaralingam
* Vannarpettai Thangaraj as Pariyan's father
* Karnan Janaki as Pariyan's mother
* G. Marimuthu as Sri Ram, Jo's father
* Shanmugarajan as Pariyan's false father
* Karate Venkatesan as 'Thatha' Maistry
* Lizzie Antony as College Professor
* Suganthi Nachchiyal as College Professor
* Poo Ram as College Principal
* Hari Krishnan as Pariyan's senior
* Supergood Subramani in a special appearance ("Naan Yaar")
* Anthony Daasan in a special appearance ("Engum Pugazh Thuvanga")

## Production
### Development

Pa. Ranjith registered his maiden film production company, Neelam Productions in late October 2016. Although the company had produced two documentary films, the director announced his debut as a feature film producer, with his association with Mari Selvaraj, a former assistant of Ram, in his directorial debut, titled Pariyerum Perumal, in December 2016. The film was inspired by Selvaraj's Thamirabaraniyil Kollapadathavaragal, a short story collection and Marakave Ninaikiraen, a serial in Ananda Vikatan. Ranjith's regular collaborator Santhosh Narayanan, Sridhar, Selva R. K. and Ramu joined the team as music composer, cinematographer, editor and art director respectively.

### Casting and filming

Mari Selvaraj stated, "I wanted faces that reflected a kind of simplicity and innocence, and Kathir and Anandhi fit that description perfectly". Anandhi's role was inspired from the characterisation of Shweta Tripathi in Masaan (2015). The film notably features a cross-breed dog named "Karuppi" onscreen, which has the traits of the Chippiparai breed. According to the director, "The film incidentally starts and ends with her travel". Principal photography commenced in late January 2017, with Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi regions serving as the principal shooting locations. The film's shooting was completed in March 2018. That November, the makers released a video titled "Pariyerum Perumal Making Video", showing how some of the film's perceived disturbing scenes were shot.

## Music

Pa. Ranjith's regular composer Santhosh Narayanan, was assigned to compose the music and background score of Pariyerum Perumal. The album was launched by Dhanush on 9 September 2018.

## Release

The film's first promotional poster which released on 14 February 2018, featured a dog with a collar and leash around its neck in the foreground while the silhouettes of a number of people can be seen in the background. The film was originally slated to release in March 2018, but its release was postponed due to the standoff between Nadigar Sangam and Digital Service Providers on the increase of Virtual Print Fee charges. The first trailer of the film was unveiled in June 2018, and received rave response from all corners. The film was released theatrically on 28 September 2018, after receiving a U certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification with no cuts but two mutes. Despite being released in 121 theatres, the film got limited screens, due to the higher profile Chekka Chivantha Vaanam. However, after the positive response received by the audience, theatre owners increased the number of shows and screens. Many filmmakers and actors heaped praise among the film, including the then DMK president M. K. Stalin. The film opened to theatres across Karnataka on 12 October 2018, and in Kerala on 26 October 2018, following its positive critical acclaim. After its successful theatrical run, the film was made available to stream on Amazon Prime Video from 11 November 2018. The film was screened at the inaugural New York Dalit Film and Cultural Festival in 2019 along with Masaan (2015), Kaala (2018) and Fandry (2013). Along with few other Tamil films, the movie was showcased at the 49th International Film Festival of India.

## Reception
### Critical reception

Srinivasa Ramanujam of The Hindu wrote "With such strong statements to make against caste, the film could have easily adopted a dark theme but it prefers to stay hopeful. The climax is easily among its most touching moments. If there’s one film you’re watching this year, it has to be Pariyerum Perumal." M Suganth of The Times of India gave the film 4 out of 5 stars "Pariyerum Perumal is a hard-hitting anti-caste drama." Anupama Subramanian of Deccan Chronicle rated 4.5 out of 5 and then stated it as "Pariyerum Perumal is a film that goes beyond your expectations and should not be missed at any cost!" Kirubhakar Purushothaman of India Today gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and stated "Pariyerum Perumal is more depressing when you realise everything that pans out in this disturbing film has actually happened or is happening or will continue to happen in our country." Anjana Shekar of The News Minute reviewed as It can be quite easy to bind a film under seals of approvals like ‘masterpiece’ and ‘milestone’. But there are few films that venture beyond the confines of such labels and Pariyerum Perumal is one such example. At a time when Tamil cinema is turning to look back at its portrayal of caste, more importantly, to rewrite its portrayals, Pariyerum Perumal can effortlessly be called its luminary."
Baradwaj Rangan, writing for Film Companion, gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated "This film is a powerful, yet level-headed, drama about an oppressed youth carving out a place of his own." Sify gave the rating 3.5 out of 5 and stated "Pariyerum Perumal is an artistic masterpiece from debutant filmmaker Mari Selvaraj and set the standards high for directors who have noble intentions but end up making preachy propaganda films." Ashameera Aiyappan of Cinema Express gave the film 4 out of 5 and stated "The subtexts are painfully brilliant in a film that doesnt paint the world black and white." Ravichandran Bathran, writing for Firstpost, said, "Pariyerum Perumal is a great movie to watch. However, the movie is neither anti-caste nor casteist. Rather, it merely discusses popular forms of discrimination and evokes memories of some earlier instances of caste violence. The movie eventually tries to find solutions within the caste system itself." Manoj Kumar R of The Indian Express said, "Pariyerum Perumal shows it’s not easy to overcome the challenges of all-pervasive caste. But it may not be impossible either."

### Box office

Pariyerum Perumal collected ₹5.5 crore (US$630,000) in its lifetime box office collection, also receiving a share of ₹3.5 crore (US$400,000), and became a sleeper hit.

## Accolades

| Date of Ceremony | Award | Category | Recipient(s) and nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 20 December 2018 | 16th Chennai International Film Festival | Best Tamil Feature | Mari Selvaraj | Won | |
| 5 January 2019 | Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | Best Director | Mari Selvaraj | Won | |
| 5 January 2019 | Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | Best Comedian — Male | Yogi Babu | Won | |
| 5 January 2019 | Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan | Won | |
| 5 January 2019 | Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | Best Story | Mari Selvaraj | Won | |
| 25–28 April 2019 | Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards | Best Film | Pa. Ranjith | Won | |
| 25–28 April 2019 | Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards | Best Director | Mari Selvaraj | Nominated | |
| 25–28 April 2019 | Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards | Best Production | Pa. Ranjith | Nominated | |
| 25–28 April 2019 | Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan | Won | |
| 17 February 2019 | Edison Awards | Best Film | Pa. Ranjith | Won | |
| 15 April 2019 | Toulouse Indian Film Festival | Film Critics Circle of India Award for Best Debut Film | Mari Selvaraj | Won | |
| 16 August 2019 | 8th South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Film | Pa. Ranjith | Won | [50] [51] |
| 16 August 2019 | 8th South Indian International Movie Awards | Special Jury for Outstanding Performance | Kathir | Won | [50] [51] |
| 16 August 2019 | 8th South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Lyricist | Viveka | Nominated | [50] [51] |
| 16 August 2019 | 8th South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan | Nominated | [50] [51] |
| 16 August 2019 | 8th South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Debut Director | Mari Selvaraj | Nominated | [50] [51] |
| 21 December 2019 | 66th Filmfare Awards South | Best Film | Pa. Ranjith | Won | [52] [53] |
| 21 December 2019 | 66th Filmfare Awards South | Best Director | Mari Selvaraj | Nominated | [52] [53] |
| 21 December 2019 | 66th Filmfare Awards South | Best Lyricist | Viveka | Nominated | [52] [53] |
| 21 December 2019 | 66th Filmfare Awards South | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan | Nominated | [52] [53] |

## Legacy

The portrayal of the film's central dog character Karuppi, became popular among audiences. Inspired from the famous ‘Dogelore’ (which refers to the meme universe featuring dogs), the character was featured as the new addition. Some of the film's plot inspired the 2020 Telugu film Colour Photo.

## Remakes

Pariyerum Perumal was remade in Kannada as Karki (2024). The film is being remade in Hindi as Dhadak 2.