OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Păuliș

The Battle of Păuliș took place in September 1944 in Arad County, western Romania as part of the wider Battle of Romania of World War II. It was fought between Hungarian and Romanian troops, after the King Michael's Coup had put Romania on the side of the Allies. The Romanians fought off persistent and heavy Hungarian attacks for 4 days. With the arrival of Soviet reinforcements they counter-attacked and pushed the Hungarians back to their original positions.

## Background

Advancing on the northern bank of the Mureș River in the direction Sâmbăteni–Miniș, concomitantly with an enveloping maneuver of the right flank of the Romanian troops, the Hungarian 1st Armored and 6th Reserve Infantry Divisions made contact with the "Păuliș" Detachment west of the village of Păuliș (Ópálos) on 14 September. The "Păuliș" Detachment included three battalions of cadets from the Reserve Infantry NCOs School of Radna, present-day Lipova (Lippa), Romania.

## Initial clashes

The first assault by the Hungarian troops, carried out with two infantry battalions supported by tanks, was repulsed by the 2nd and 6th Companies of cadets. Five more attacks were subsequently carried out against the Romanian defenders, but by nightfall the Romanian units were firmly holding their positions. The Hungarians lost 18 tanks and 3 armored vehicles, all destroyed by the 4 anti-tank guns of the "Păuliș" Detachment. The following day the Hungarians concentrated their attack on the 1st Battalion of the 96th Infantry Regiment, at Hill 471. After a strong artillery preparation the Hungarians forced the Romanian troops to fall back on successive lines of defense, being stopped in the Cladova Valley only after they seized the villages of Cuvin and Ghioroc. On the morning of 16 September, a surprise Romanian counterattack, without artillery preparation and carried out by the 5th Company of cadets, managed to destroy a large part of the Hungarian force which had broken through the defense perimeter the previous day.

## Climax

The climax of battle was reached on 17 September, when the Hungarian command committed all available forces in the attack. After a 45-minute artillery preparation, the Hungarians managed to breach the Romanian lines south-east of Miniș, where they clashed with the 3rd Company of cadets at Hill 365. The attempt to overrun the Romanian unit failed.
On the 19 September, reinforced by Soviet units of the 53rd Army which included tanks and mechanised infantry, the entire "Păuliș" Detachment attacked the Hungarian lines, and by the evening had recaptured their initial positions.
# Politics of the Northern Cape

Like South Africa's eight other provinces, the Northern Cape is governed by a parliamentary system, in which the Premier of the Northern Cape is elected by the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature and in turn selects the Northern Cape Executive Council. As in most other provinces, the African National Congress (ANC) has led the Northern Cape Provincial Government since the end of apartheid. In the most recent provincial election, held in 2024, the ANC lost three seats and lost its outright majority, while remaining the largest party at 15 seats in the provincial legislature and the Democratic Alliance remained as the official opposition in the legislature. Pursuant to the same election, Zamani Saul was elected Premier of the province.

## Political history

The Northern Cape was one of three provinces created in the dissolution of the former Cape Province at the end of apartheid; the others are the Eastern Cape and the Western Cape. Parts of the Northern Cape also previously belonged to the nominally independent bantustan of Bophuthatswana, a common destination for black residents forcibly resettled by the apartheid government under the Group Areas Act. During the 1980s, anti-apartheid organisations were active in the province's townships, particularly Galeshewe in Kimberley and Pabalello in Upington.

## Government
### Executive Council

The current composition of the Northern Cape Executive Council is as follows:
* v
* t
* e
| Portfolio | MEC |
| Premier | Zamani Saul |
| Health | Maruping Lekwene |
| Agriculture, Environmental Affairs, Rural Development and Land Reform | Mase Manopole |
| Social Development, Youth, Women, People living with Disabilities, Sports, Arts, and Culture | Nontobeko Vilakazi |
| Finance, Economic Development and Tourism | Venus Blennies |
| Roads and Public Works | Fufe Makatong |
| Education | Abraham Vosloo |
| Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements, Traditional Affairs, Transport, Safety and Liaison | Bentley Vass |

### Provincial Legislature
## Elections

In the 2019 provincial election, the African National Congress retained its longstanding majority in the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature, winning 18 of 30 seats – although this represented a loss of two seats since the 2014 provincial election. In 2019, the largest opposition party in the province was the Democratic Alliance (eight seats), followed by the Economic Freedom Fighters (three seats); the only other party to win representation in the legislature was Freedom Front Plus. In other legislative terms, the Congress of the People and the Independent Democrats have also held seats in the provincial legislature. A series of local by-elections were held in the province in 2020.
# 4WD 24/7

4WD 24/7, previously known as 4WD Action is an Australian YouTube series that began as a print magazine. Videos are primarily focused on the four wheel driving, camping, and offroad lifestyles.
Issue 301, was released September 2019 and is the last printed edition of the magazine. The monthly magazine and accompanying DVD then ceased production, with the final issue sold as a Collector's Edition.
4WD 24/7 is also prevalent on social media, such as Facebook and Instagram.

## History and profile

The magazine was established in 1998 with the name 4WD Offroad Australia. It was first published on a bimonthly basis. The magazine is published seventeen times a year by Sydney-based independent publishing company Express Media Group (often shortened to EMG).
Australian 4WD Action was previously known as Australian 4WD Monthly, until a 2007 name change. The print magazine edition was the largest and most popular of its kind in Australia, with circulation figures well exceeding those of their nearest competitors.
Staff members have included Production Editor Travis Annabel, Staff Writers Dan Everett, Michael Borg and Dex Fulton, Editors at Large John Rooth (1998 -2014) and Editorial Assistant Chris Thomson.
The organisation has been at the forefront of many offroad related political campaigns, including advocating for bullbar use, and preventing track closures.

## 4WD Action DVD

In addition to the magazine, each issue came with a packaged DVD, which is widely regarded as one of the most popular and informative offroad shows in Australia.
# Wygnańczyce

Wygnańczyce (German: Weigmannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wschowa, within Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
# Konstantin Savichev

Konstantin Dmitriyevich Savichev (Russian: Константин Дмитриевич Савичев; born 6 March 1994) is a Russian football player who plays as a right-back for Akron Tolyatti. Earlier in his career, he played as a right midfielder or right winger.

## Club career

Savichev made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for Spartak-2 Moscow on 16 July 2013 in a game against Dynamo Bryansk.
He made his Russian Premier League debut for SKA-Khabarovsk on 16 July 2017 in a game against Zenit St. Petersburg.
On 24 January 2019, Savichev signed with Yenisey Krasnoyarsk.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 16 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | 2013–14 | Russian Second League | 27 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 2 |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | 2014–15 | Russian Second League | 29 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 5 |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | 2015–16 | Russian First League | 34 | 5 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 37 | 6 |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | 2016–17 | Russian First League | 30 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 | 34 | 2 |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | Total | Total | 120 | 14 | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | 127 | 15 |
| Spartak Moscow | 2016–17 | Russian Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| SKA-Khabarovsk | 2017–18 | Russian Premier League | 18 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 19 | 1 |
| Anzhi Makhachkala | 2018–19 | Russian Premier League | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Yenisey Krasnoyarsk | 2018–19 | Russian Premier League | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Yenisey Krasnoyarsk | 2019–20 | Russian First League | 25 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 30 | 5 |
| Yenisey Krasnoyarsk | Total | Total | 33 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 38 | 5 |
| Chayka | 2020–21 | Russian First League | 35 | 6 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 36 | 6 |
| Akron Tolyatti | 2021–22 | Russian First League | 32 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 1 |
| Akron Tolyatti | 2022–23 | Russian First League | 30 | 4 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 37 | 5 |
| Akron Tolyatti | 2023–24 | Russian First League | 33 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 38 | 4 |
| Akron Tolyatti | 2024–25 | Russian Premier League | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 1 |
| Akron Tolyatti | Total | Total | 114 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 128 | 11 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 334 | 34 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 363 | 38 |
* 1 2 3 Appearances in the FNL Cup
* ↑ Appearances in the promotion play-offs
# Lazarus Ercker

Lazarus Ercker (c. 1530 – 1594) was a Bohemian metallurgist and assay master of a mint near Prague, Czech Republic who wrote some of the earliest known treatises on metallurgy entitled Beschreibung allerfürnemisten mineralischen Ertzt und Berckwercksarten (1574) and Münzbuch, wie es mit den Münzen gehalten sind (1563).

## Life

Ercker was born at St. Annenberg (Annaberg, Saxony) around 1530 and studied at the University of Wittenberg between 1547 and 1548. Around 1554 he became an assayer at Dresden through the patronage of Elector Augustus with the influence of Johann Neese (a relative of his wife). In 1558 he became master of the mint at Goslar for Prince Henry of Brunswick. In 1567 his wife died and he tried to return to Dresden. His brother-in-law Caspar Richter helped him get a job as a tester at Kutna Hora near Prague. His 1574 book Beschreibung allerfürnemisten mineralischen Ertzt und Berckwercksarten described the production of alloys and refining of several metals including silver, gold, copper, antimony, bismuth, tin, lead and mercury. It was in Ercker's book that the word "wolfram" is first used for a mineral found in Saxony which Ercker thought contained tin and the metal only much later identified as the element tungsten. The book went through several editions and led to his appointment as courier for mining affairs under Emperor Maximilian II. Under Rudolf II he became master of the mint in Prague and was knighted (and known as Lazarus Ercker von Schreckenfels) on 10 March 1586. The eighth edition of his book published in 1672 was retitled Aula subterranea alias Probierbuch. Ercker's 1574 book was translated into English by Sir John Pettus as Fleta Minor in 1683 with the original woodcuts redrawn with some modifications. His book was also plagiarized by Georg Engelhardt von Löhneyss in his Bericht vom Bergwerck (1617).
# Trzebów, Żagań County

Trzebów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żagań, within Żagań County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Żagań and 45 km (28 mi) south of Zielona Góra.
# Wygon, Lubusz Voivodeship

Wygon is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świebodzin, within Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
# List of counties in Rhode Island

There are five counties in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Rhode Island is tied with Hawaii for having the second-fewest counties of any U.S. state (only Delaware has fewer, with three counties). Although Rhode Island is divided into counties, it does not have any local government at the county level. Instead, local governance is provided by the eight cities and thirty-one towns. Counties in Rhode Island have had no governmental functions since 1846 other than as court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries which are part of state government.
Within Rhode Island, Washington County is colloquially referred to as South County.
The colony of Rhode Island was established in the 17th century. It was the first of the thirteen original American colonies to declare independence from British rule in 1776, during the American Revolution, and the last to ratify the Constitution. The counties were all established before the Declaration of Independence.
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. Rhode Island's code is 44, which when combined with any county code would be written as 44XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.

## Alphabetical list

| County | FIPS code | County town | Established | Origin | Etymology | Population | Area |
| Bristol County | 001 | Bristol | 1747 | Created from land gained from Bristol County, Massachusetts, after resolution of a boundary dispute between the two colonies. | City of Bristol, England | 50,145 | 24 sq mi (62 km$^2$) |
| Kent County | 003 | East Greenwich | 1750 | Created from part of Providence County. | County of Kent, England | 172,450 | 168 sq mi (435 km$^2$) |
| Newport County | 005 | Newport | 1703 | Formed as Rhode Island County in 1703. Renamed Newport County in 1729 | Town of Newport, Essex, England | 83,468 | 102 sq mi (264 km$^2$) |
| Providence County | 007 | Providence | 1703 | Formed in 1703 as Providence Plantations County. Renamed Providence County in 1729 | Divine Providence, a concept reflecting the religious nature of colonial founder Roger Williams | 675,912 | 409 sq mi (1,059 km$^2$) |
| Washington County | 009 | South Kingstown* | 1729 | Formed in 1729 as Kings County from part of Providence Plantations County. Renamed Washington County in 1781. | George Washington, American Revolutionary War general and first President of the United States | 130,333 | 329 sq mi (852 km$^2$) |

### Note

* The county seat of Washington County (before county government was abolished) is often referred to as West Kingston. In reality, West Kingston, a village of South Kingstown, does not have its own local government, but because the courthouse was located in West Kingston's zip code, it has become known as the county seat.
# Yintah

Yintah is a 2024 Canadian documentary film, directed by Jennifer Wickham, Brenda Michell and Michael Toledano. The film profiles the Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation, as they fight to protect their traditional lands from natural gas pipeline developments.
The film premiered in March 2024 at the True/False Film Festival. It had its Canadian premiere at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, where it was the winner of the Rogers Audience Award.
At the DOXA Documentary Film Festival, it received honorable mentions for the Colin Low Award and the Elevate Award. The film was named as a finalist for the Rogers Best Canadian Documentary Award at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2024.
# Andrej Đurić

Andrej Đurić (Serbian Cyrillic: Андреј Ђурић; born 21 September 2003) is a Montenegrin footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serbian club Red Star Belgrade.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 16 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Grafičar Beograd (loan) | 2020–21 | Serbian First League | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Grafičar Beograd (loan) | 2021–22 | Serbian First League | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Grafičar Beograd (loan) | Total | Total | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2021–22 | Serbian SuperLiga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Domžale (loan) | 2022–23 | Slovenian PrvaLiga | 16 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 17 | 2 |
| Domžale | 2023–24 | Slovenian PrvaLiga | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2023–24 | Serbian SuperLiga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | 2024–25 | Serbian SuperLiga | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Red Star Belgrade | Total | Total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Spartak Trnava (loan) | 2023–24 | Slovenian PrvaLiga | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Novi Pazar (loan) | 2024–25 | Serbian SuperLiga | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 89 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 100 | 2 |
* 1 2 Appearances in UEFA Conference League

## Honours

Red Star Belgrade
* Serbian SuperLiga: 2021–22
* Serbian Cup: 2021–22
# 12 Byō

"12 Byō" (12秒, Jūni-byō, lit. "12 Seconds") is the fifth single by the Japanese girl idol group HKT48, released in Japan on April 22, 2015. It reached number one on the Oricon weekly singles chart. As of June 1, 2015, it had sold 296,698 copies.

## Details

The centers in the title song are Haruka Kodama and Sakura Miyawaki. Haruka Kodama had previously had the center position in a HKT48 single (in the 4th single "Hikaeme I Love You!"), while for Sakura Miyawaki (who had already been a center in AKB48's 38th single "Kibōteki Refrain", together with Mayu Watanabe), it was the first center position in a single by HKT48.

## Members
### "Hohoemi Popcorn"

Performed by Popcorn Children (ポップコーンチルドレン).
* Team H: Miku Tanaka, Nako Yabuki
* Team Kenkyūsei: Misaki Aramaki, Sae Kurihara, Erena Sakamoto, Riko Tsutsui, Hazuki Hokazono, Yūna Yamauchi, Emili Yamashita

### "Daite Twintails"

Performed by Blueberry Pie (ブルーベリーパイ).
* Team H : Yui Kojina, Hiroka Komada, Riko Sakaguchi
* Team Kenkyūsei : Misaki Aramaki, Sae Kurihara

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position | Debut sales |
| Japan (Oricon Daily Singles Chart) | 1 | |
| Japan (Oricon Weekly Singles Chart) | 1 | 277,916 |
| Japan (Oricon Monthly Singles Chart) | 2 | |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Japan (Oricon Year-end Singles Chart) | 20 |
# The Mechanism

"The Mechanism" is a song by British electronic music duo Disclosure and Friend Within. It was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 15 April 2014. The song peaked at number 28 on the UK Dance Chart.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 28 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 15 April 2014 | Digital download | PMR Island |
# Martin Aristide Okouda

Martin Aristide Okouda (6 September 1951 – 9 April 2021) was a Cameroonian politician who held various ministerial roles.

## Biography

Okouda finished his secondary schooling at the Lycée Général-Leclerc [fr] in 1969. He graduated with a degree in economics from the Sorbonne and also earned diplomas from the IAE Paris and Sciences Po.
From 1977 to 1979, Okouda was a trainee at the Banque Worms. In 1980, he returned to Cameroon and served as Deputy Chairman of the Business Control Department at the Directorate of Industry from 1981 to 1982. He was then Deputy Director of External Financing at the Directorate of Programming from 1982 to 1983 and Deputy Director of Economic and Technical Cooperation and cumulatively Deputy Director of International and Multilateral Cooperation at the Ministry of Planning and Territorial Development from 1983 to 1987.
On 6 March 1987, he was appointed to the Cabinet of President Paul Biya. Subsequently, on 31 July 1991, he was appointed Special Advisor to Prime Minister Sadou Hayatou. On 18 March 2000, he became Minister of Economy, Planning and Regional Development, serving until 8 December 2004, when he became Minister of Public Works. During this period, he also served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the [fr] (CEMAC). In 2012, he replaced Antoine Ntsimi as Executive Secretary of CEMAC.
Okouda was a member of the Executive Committee of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement, the country's ruling party. He then served on the board of directors of the Société Commerciale de Banque Cameroun, owned by Attijariwafa Bank, as well as the board of directors of the Agence de Régulation du Secteur de l’Électricité.
Martin Aristide Okouda died in Paris on 9 April 2021 at the age of 69.
# Taha Şahin

Muhammet Taha Şahin (born 22 October 2000) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a right back for Turkish Süper Lig club Çaykur Rizespor.

## Career

Şahin is a youth product of Fenerbahçe and Kasımpaşa. On 1 August 2019, he moved to 68 Aksaray Belediyespor in the TFF Third League, where he began his senior career. On 20 January 2021, he moved to the TFF First League club Manisa on a 3.5 year contract, returning on loan to 68 Aksaray Belediyespor for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. He spent 2 seasons with Manisa, making 50 appearances and scoring 2 goals. On 26 July 2023, he transferred to the Süper Lig club Çaykur Rizespor.

## International career

Şahin represented the Turkey U23s in their winning campaign at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games.
On 14 March 2025, Şahin was called up by Vincenzo Montella to the Turkey national team for the 2024–25 UEFA Nations League promotion/relegation play-offs against Hungary.

## Honours

Turkey U23
* Islamic Solidarity Games: 2021
# Pseudocircle

The pseudocircle is the finite topological space X consisting of four distinct points {a,b,c,d } with the following non-Hausdorff topology: $\{\{a,b,c,d\},\{a,b,c\},\{a,b,d\},\{a,b\},\{a\},\{b\},\varnothing \}.$
This topology corresponds to the partial order $a<c,\ b<c,\ a<d,\ b<d$ where the open sets are downward-closed sets. X is highly pathological from the usual viewpoint of general topology, as it fails to satisfy any separation axiom besides T$_0$. However, from the viewpoint of algebraic topology, X has the remarkable property that it is indistinguishable from the circle S$^1$. More precisely, the continuous map $f$ from S$^1$ to X (where we think of S$^1$ as the unit circle in $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$) given by $f(x,y)={\begin{cases}a,&x<0\\b,&x>0\\c,&(x,y)=(0,1)\\d,&(x,y)=(0,-1)\end{cases}}$is a weak homotopy equivalence; that is, $f$ induces an isomorphism on all homotopy groups. It follows that $f$ also induces an isomorphism on singular homology and cohomology, and more generally an isomorphism on all ordinary or extraordinary homology and cohomology theories (e.g., K-theory).
This can be proven using the following observation. Like S$^1$, X is the union of two contractible open sets {a,b,c} and {a,b,d } whose intersection {a,b} is also the union of two disjoint contractible open sets {a} and {b}. So, like S$^1$, the result follows from the groupoid Seifert-van Kampen theorem, as in the book Topology and Groupoids.
More generally, McCord has shown that, for any finite simplicial complex K, there is a finite topological space X$_K$ which has the same weak homotopy type as the geometric realization |K| of K. More precisely, there is a functor taking K to X$_K$, from the category of finite simplicial complexes and simplicial maps and a natural weak homotopy equivalence from |K| to X$_K$.