OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Occident

The Occident is a term for the West, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Western world. It is the antonym of the term Orient, referring to the Eastern world. In English, it has largely fallen into disuse. The term occidental is often used to describe objects from the Occident but can be considered an outdated term by some. The term originated with geographical divisions mirroring the cultural divide between the Greek East and the Latin West, and the political divide between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires.

## Etymology

The term "Occident" derives from the Latin word occidens meaning "west" (lit. "setting" (where the sun sets) < occido "fall/set").
In Arabic, the Maghreb (maḡrib, Arabic: مَغْرِب < Arabic ḡarb غَرْب‎ "to go down, to set") literally means "the sunset", "the west". Historically, the Maghreb was the southern part of the Western Roman Empire.
Another word for Occident in German is Abendland (rarely: Okzident), now mainly poetic, which literally translates as "evening land". The antonym "Morgenland" is also mainly poetic, and refers to Asia.
The opposite term "Orient" derives from the Latin word oriens, meaning "east" (lit. "rising" < orior "rise").

## History of the term

The adjectival term "Occidental" has been used to mean cultures, peoples, countries, European rugs, and goods from the Occident. "Occidental" means generally "western". It is a traditional designation (especially when capitalized) for anything belonging to the Occident or "West" (for Europe), and especially of its Western culture. It indicated the western direction in historical astronomy, often abbreviated "Occ".
In Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies (2004), Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit said that nationalist and nativist resistance to the West replicates Eastern-world responses against the socioeconomic forces of modernization, which originated in Western culture, among utopian radicals and conservative nationalists who viewed capitalism, liberalism, and secularism as forces destructive of their societies and cultures. While the early responses to the West were a genuine encounter between alien cultures, many of the later manifestations of Occidentalism betray the influence of Western ideas upon Eastern intellectuals, such as the supremacy of the nation-state, the Romantic rejection of rationality, and the spiritual impoverishment of the citizenry of liberal democracies.
Buruma and Margalit trace that resistance to German Romanticism and to the debates, between the Westernizers and the Slavophiles in 19th century Russia, and show that like arguments appear in the ideologies of Zionism, Maoism, Islamism, and Imperial Japanese nationalism. Nonetheless, Alastair Bonnett rejects the analyses of Buruma and Margalit as Eurocentric, and said that the field of Occidentalism emerged from the interconnection of Eastern and Western intellectual traditions.
# Mike Gibson (sports journalist)

Mike Gibson (27 May 1940 – 23 September 2015), often also known by the nickname "Gibbo", was an Australian sports journalist, columnist, commentator, and radio and television presenter.

## Media career

Gibson began his media career as a print journalist covering greyhound racing and rugby league. He moved to the 2SM radio breakfast show in the 1970s before going to 2GB in 1979. He began hosting Wide World of Sports in 1981. He also wrote a regular column for The Australian Women's Weekly, having previously written columns for two Sydney daily newspapers. He co-hosted Good Morning Australia with Kerri-Anne Kennerley for several years from 1988. He was an original presenter of the Nine Network's program Nine's Wide World of Sports, opposite former Australian cricket captain Ian Chappell. He hosted The Back Page, with friend and comedian Billy Birmingham, on Fox Sports for 16 years. Birmingham parodied Gibson on the program in a segment called "The Wired World of Sports".
In 2007, he was awarded Australian Sports Commission Media Awards Lifetime Achievement Award.
Gibson retired in 2013.
On 12 December 2021, Mike Gibson was posthumously inducted to the Sydney Cricket Ground Media Hall of Honour, alongside 11 others added to the inaugural 15 media personalities who were first celebrated in 2014.

## Personal life and death

Gibson separated from his wife, Helen, in 1989 and was the father of five children, including Courtney Gibson, who had also worked at the Nine Network.
Gibson, aged 75, committed suicide at his home on the Central Coast, New South Wales, on the morning of 23 September 2015 after a long period of depression.
# Lövheim Cube of Emotions

Lövheim Cube of Emotion is a theoretical model for the relationship between the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline and emotions. The model was presented in 2012 by Swedish researcher Hugo Lövheim.
Lövheim classifies emotions according to Silvan Tomkins, and orders the basic emotions in a three-dimensional coordinate system where the level of the monoamine neurotransmitters form orthogonal axes. The model is regarded as a dimensional model of emotion.
The main concepts of the hypothesis are firstly that the monoamine neurotransmitters are orthogonal variables, meaning involving independent pairs of neurotransmitters; and secondly the proposed one-to-one relationship between the monoamine neurotransmitters and emotions.
# DJ Play a Love Song

"DJ Play a Love Song" is a song by American entertainer Jamie Foxx. It was written by Sean Garrett, Jamal Jones, and Jason Perry for his second album, Unpredictable (2005), while production was helmed by Garrett and Jones under his production moniker Polow da Don. The song features additional vocals by rapper Twista. It was released as the album's second single in early 2006. A video for the song co-stars America's Next Top Model winner Eva Pigford.

## Chart performance

DJ Play a Love Song debuted at number 90 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, on the week of May 6, 2006. After climbing for the chart for 12 weeks, the song eventually reached its peak at number 45 on the chart. The song also peaked at number five on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in June 2006. On December 11, 2006, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States.
The song was released in the UK as a download only third single from the album but failed to chart.

## Formats and track listings
### US download

* "DJ Play A Love Song (No Rap version) - 3:51

### UK download #1

* "DJ Play A Love Song (Remix version 1 - Dirty) - 4:08

### UK download #2

* "DJ Play A Love Song (Remix version 2 - Dirty) - 3:50

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date |
| United States | January 10, 2006 |
| United Kingdom | September 11, 2006 |
# Curahuasi District

Curahuasi District is one of the nine districts of the Abancay Province in Peru.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Q'illu Q'asa at approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Aqu Q'asa
* Chaka Chaka
* Chunkara
* Chuqi Marka
* Ch'illkani
* Ch'uru
* Chhullunku Pata
* Inka Pirqa
* Kiska Pata
* Kunturillu
* Mulli Kamayuq
* Mulliyuq
* Muru Qucha
* Nasa Q'ara
* Pirwata
* Puka T'uyuyuq
* Pukara
* Quri Phaqcha
* Q'iwiri
* Silla Q'asa
* Tika Qaqa
* T'asta Q'asa
* T'utura Qucha
* Urpi Utt'aña
* Urquni
* Waman Ayri
* Waman Marka
* Wank'a Wank'a
* Warmi Awqa
* Wasa Qhata
* Wichinka
* Wik'uña Kunka
* Wik'uña Utt'aña
* Yana Qucha

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent, although with a sizable percentage of mestizo and castizo population located mainly in the urban center.
Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (73.79%) learnt to speak in childhood, 25.86% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

## Climate

Climate data for Curahuasi, elevation 2,741 m (8,993 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.6 (72.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 11.2 (52.2) | 10.3 (50.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 10.3 (50.5) | 10.7 (51.3) | 9.5 (49.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 134.2 (5.28) | 132.3 (5.21) | 105.5 (4.15) | 38.5 (1.52) | 6.4 (0.25) | 2.0 (0.08) | 4.4 (0.17) | 10.3 (0.41) | 11.7 (0.46) | 53.6 (2.11) | 80.6 (3.17) | 124.3 (4.89) | 703.8 (27.7) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# Mercè Company

Mercè Company i González (Barcelona, 19 May 1947) is a Spanish writer in Spanish, Catalan and French languages.
She studied journalism and worked for several magazines and publishing companies. She has authored more than 170 books and been awarded many times for her works as a Children's literature writer (Premi Ciutat d'Olot, de Contes Infantils, 1982; Premi de la Crítica Serra d'Or, 1983, Barcelona's Golden Medal, 1999)
She collaborated with the production of the books and the Cartoon series of The Triplets (Las tres mellizas in Spanish, Les tres bessones in Catalan) by the Catalan television producer enterprise Cromosoma.

## Main works
### In Catalan

* Els contes de l'oncle Agust, 1973. (col. of 4 books)
* Anna i Víctor, 1981.
* Kiko, el pollet
* La Bruixa Bufuruda 1983.
* En Gil i el paraigua màgic, 1982.
* Les peripècies d'en Quico Pelacanyes, 1983.
* Charlot, 1984.
* La casa del catus, 1984.
* La petita fantasma, Col. de 6 tìtols.
* La Nana Bunilda menja malsons, 1985.
* La història de Ernest, 1985.
* El món de les coses perdudes, 1986.
* El senyor dels núvols, 1987.
* A les golfes, 1988.
* La reina calva, 1988.
* El jardí de l'Espai, 1989.
* Bruixes, diables i apareguts, 1989.
* Tips de riure, escrit amb col·laboració, 1989.
* La granja dels artistes, Mercè Aránega, Timun Mas, 1989-1990 (col. of 4 books)
* La Nana Bunilda, 1990.
* La Presència
* La Dama del Medalló, 2000.
* La Veu

### In Spanish

* Bamba, el rey gordo, 1982.
* La niña del drap
* Mmm... qué rica manzana, 1990.

### In French

* Nous sommes les trois petits soeurs, 1985.
* L'Arbre-mémoire, 1990.
* La Bougie magique, 1990.
* Le Cadeau du Père Noël, 1991.
* Les racines perdues, 1991.
* Les ours dormeurs, 1992.
# Dylan Ross

Dylan Zachariah Ross is an American music artist and producer who began making music in 2010. He has released solo work and collaborated with the group Team Sesh under names including Rozz Dyliams and Disciple Zachariah. His music is considered influential in the cloud rap genre.
In 2015, Ross produced the song "Ghost Boy" featuring Lil Peep prior to Peep's death. In the same year, Ross wrote and recorded the song "Handzum Suicide" with Suicideboys, which went 8× platinum. In May 2022, the Peep estate released an archive featuring a statement calling Dylan Ross one of Lil Peep's favorite artists, and described Ross' music as inspiring Peep.
Ross is originally from Ohio, and as of 2018, lived in Seattle, Washington.
# Yunyang Subdistrict

Yunyang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 云阳街道; traditional Chinese: 雲陽街道; pinyin: Yúnyáng Jiēdào) is an urban subdistrict and the seat of Chaling County in Hunan, China.

## Cityscape

The town is divided into 4 villages and 6 communities, which includes the following areas: Jinshan Community, Yandi Community, Mishui Community, Jiaotong Community, Yunpan Community, Layuan Community, Qianjin Village, Nonglin Village, Shibaqiu Village, and Qujiang Village.
# The World's Champion

The World's Champion is a 1922 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The movie is based on the play The Champion by Thomas Louden and A.E. Thomas that was produced on Broadway in 1921. The film was directed by Phil Rosen and starred Wallace Reid. This film survives in an incomplete form at the Library of Congress.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, William Burroughs (Reid) is the youngest son of an ambitious middle class English grocer trying to climb to a higher social plane. His two brothers are chips off the old block, but William has always been a thorn in his father's side.
The story opens with William fighting on the estate of Lord Brockington (Sandford), a portly member of the aristocracy. The Lord's pretty cousin Lady Elizabeth (Wilson) gets her fishing line entangled with that of the grocer's son, and they are making fast headway towards friendship when Brockington discovers them. Having an eye on Lady Elizabeth for himself, the Lord orders William off his land, treating him rough to the extent of knocking him down several times before Lady Elizabeth returns to object. William escorts Lady Elizabeth home, much to the anger of the Lord. William later bids the young woman goodbye, asking her not to marry until he returns with the fortune he is determined to win. William does a Romeo act, which provides situations for good comedy.
William smuggles himself on a liner bound for the United States, and meets an Irish pugilist who teaches him during the way across the gentle art of knocking a man out cold. Five years elapse and William returns to his home as "Gunboat" Williams, middleweight champion of the world. This is the final and most awful disgrace in the eyes of his social climbing father, and he orders William away. Just as William is about to leave, the home is besieged by the mayor backed a bunch of haughty earls and lords, who want to know why the grocer is keeping secret the fact that he raised the middleweight champion. Now the father discovers a great pride in saying "my son."
Lady Elizabeth is acting as the social secretary for the father and, when Lord Brockington comes to take her away, William sees his chance to get even. The fight occurs outside of the home, and William returns the victor in the battle and of the affections of Lady Elizabeth.

## Cast

* Wallace Reid as William Burroughs
* Lois Wilson as Lady Elizabeth
* Lionel Belmore as John Burroughs
* Henry Miller, Jr. as George Burroughs
* Helen Dunbar as Mrs. Burroughs
* Leslie Casey as Reverend David Burroughs
* Tiny Sandford as Lord Brockington (credited as Stanley J. Sandford)
* William J. Ferguson as Butler (credited as W.J. Ferguson)
* Guy Oliver as Mooney
* Norman Selby (Kid McCoy)
# Lancelot Lowther, 6th Earl of Lonsdale

Lancelot Edward Lowther, 6th Earl of Lonsdale, OBE, DL (25 June 1867 – 11 March 1953) was an English peer, the fourth and youngest son of Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale.

## Biography

Lowther was educated at Malvern College and Magdalene College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club. On 13 October 1886 Lowther was made lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion, The Border Regiment (The Royal Cumberland Militia).
Soon thereafter, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant in the counties his family had traditionally dominated, Cumberland (21 November 1891) and Westmorland (26 January 1892). In keeping with the family tradition, he enjoyed sports and, by 1905, was a Master of the Drag (drag hunting) and the Deputy Master of the Quorn.
During World War I, he served in the Middle East, and after the war received the OBE (3 June 1919) and the Order of the Nile, 4th Class (16 January 1920). On 3 June 1922, the aging Lowther, now 55, resigned his deputy lieutenancy of Westmorland.
In 1944, he finally succeeded to the Earldom of Lonsdale on the death of his childless brother, Hugh. Hugh's free-spending, sporting life had largely wrecked the estate, and he was forced to auction off the contents of Lowther Castle in 1947. This proved to be the largest English country house sale of the 20th Century.

## Marriages & Family

On 24 April 1889, Lonsdale married Gwendoline Sophia Alice Sheffield (born 1869, died 4 November 1921), daughter of Sir Robert Sheffield, 5th Baronet, with whom he had three children:
* Lady Barbara Lowther (born 8 April 1890, died 1979), married Col (James) Archibald Innes in 1914, divorced 1921, and had issue.
* Lady Marjorie Lowther (born 6 February 1895, died 29 July 1968), married George Rodney, 8th Baron Rodney (1891–1973) on 15 September 1917 and was the mother of John Rodney, 9th Baron Rodney.
* Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther (born 24 September 1896, died 6 October 1949) father of James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale.
His first wife, Gwendoline, having died in 1921, Lonsdale married Sybil Beatrix Feetham on 8 October 1923. They had one son together:
* Hon Timothy Lancelot Lowther (born 27 April 1925, died 1984)
Lonsdale's eldest son Anthony predeceased him in 1949. Lord Lonsdale died in 1953 and was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson James. The Countess of Lonsdale died on 10 March 1966.
# Topgrade

Topgrade is a multi-platform learning system run by Sureware Ltd. It was originally launched as an iOS app, called Revision Quiz Maker, but subsequently expanded to include an Android app and an online site, and rebranded as Topgrade.

## Functionality

As a learning environment, Topgrade lets registered users create quizzes and flashcards specific to their own courses as well as playing quizzes made by others. Learning resources can be shared across Apple, Android and Windows devices by using the online site.

## Development

A new native Android quiz maker app was released on 24 January 2016. An Android course maker app was released on 12 December 2017 with the iOS equivalent due for release in 2018.

## Media reception

APPEd Review gave the application mostly positive ratings for "Efficiency" and "Design", but criticized several aspects of its "Functionality". In 2015, SensorTower reported an average users satisfaction rating of 4.5/5 stars for the iOS App.
# Luis Mariano Montemayor

Luis Mariano Montemayor (born 16 March 1956) is an Argentinian prelate of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1991. He began to serve in his present position as Apostolic Nuncio to Ireland in February 2023.
Prior to this, he served as the Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia from September 2018 to February 2023, Apostolic Nuncio to the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2015 to 2018 and to Senegal, Cape Verde, and Guinea Bissau, as well as Apostolic Delegate to Mauritania from 2008 to 2015.
He was the second Argentinian to be named a nuncio, after Leonardo Sandri.

## Biography

Born in Buenos Aires on 16 March 1956, Montemayor was ordained a priest on 15 November 1985.

## Diplomatic career

After earning a degree in canon law, he entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 1991 and worked in Ethiopia, Brazil, and Thailand.
On 19 June 2008, he was appointed the titular archbishop of Illici and Apostolic Nuncio to Senegal and Cabo Verde, as well as Apostolic Delegate to Mauritania. On 17 September of that year he was also appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Guinea-Bissau.
He received his episcopal consecration on 6 August 2008 in Buenos Aires from Archbishop Dominique Mamberti.
On 22 June 2015, Pope Francis named him Apostolic Nuncio to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
On 27 September 2018, Pope Francis named him Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia.
On 25 February 2023, he was named Apostolic Nuncio to Ireland. He presented his Letters of Credence to President Higgins on 11 May 2023.
He stated in 2024 that the Church in Ireland would undergo a reorganisation, "In due time, and following careful assessment and consultation, the present Dioceses of Tuam and Killala on the one hand, and Elphin and Achonry on the other, may be governed by one Bishop in each case, just as the Dioceses of Galway and Clonfert are today governed by one Bishop. If this process evolves still further, the associated Dioceses may then merge fully under their Bishop, and, in this way, the six Dioceses in the Province of Tuam will eventually become three".
# DJ SFR

DJ SFR is a South African drum & bass, dubstep producer and DJ from Cape Town. SFR's sound is known for its jump up and dub influences.

## Biography

SFR, also known as Julian Joseph, has been active as a drum & bass DJ and producer since 2003. He first rose to international prominence after winning DJ Hype's True Playaz mix competition in 2006. He has since released a number of drum & bass records on labels such as Trouble on Vinyl, Zombie Recordings and Load Recordings. In addition to his solo releases, he has also collaborated with Mix 'n Blend and Hyphen, whom he frequently DJ's back to back with at dubstep events.
His first dubstep tracks were released on XS Dubz in 2009.
SFR was recently interviewed on South African blog Dont Party for his production on Jack Parow track, Byellville.

## Discography
### Releases

* 2006: Roots Fire Ridd'em on Big Love CD
* 2007: No Escape on LOAD Recordings
* 2007: Hypnosis / Rebound on Trouble on Vinyl
* 2008: Confi'don / Visions feat. Hyphen on Zombie Recordings
* 2009: Tantrum (with Mix 'n Blend) on African Dope
* 2009: Swings Dub / Future Science on XS Dubz
* 2010: Tourette Step / Binary Crunch on Guinea Pig

## DJ performances

SFR has performed in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, and South Africa. In Cape Town, DJ SFR is a frequent guest at the prominent underground club night Homegrown, as well as weekly event, It Came From The Jungle.
# Kenkichi Iwasawa

Kenkichi Iwasawa (岩澤 健吉 Iwasawa Kenkichi, September 11, 1917 – October 26, 1998) was a Japanese mathematician who is known for his influence on algebraic number theory.

## Biography

Iwasawa was born in Shinshuku-mura, a town near Kiryū, in Gunma Prefecture. He attended elementary school there, but later moved to Tokyo to attend Musashi High School.
From 1937 to 1940 Iwasawa studied as an undergraduate at the University of Tokyo, after which he entered graduate school at the same institution and became an assistant in the Department of Mathematics. In 1945 he was awarded a Doctor of Science degree. However, this same year Iwasawa became sick with pleurisy, and was unable to return to his position at the university until April 1947. From 1949 to 1955 he worked as assistant professor at the University of Tokyo.
In 1950, Iwasawa was invited to Cambridge, Massachusetts to give a lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians on his method to study Dedekind zeta functions using integration over ideles and duality of adeles; this method was also independently obtained by John Tate and is sometimes called Iwasawa–Tate theory. Iwasawa spent the next two years at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and in Spring of 1952 was offered a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked until 1967.
From 1967 until his retirement in 1986, Iwasawa served as Professor of Mathematics at Princeton. He returned to Tokyo with his wife in 1987.
Among Iwasawa's most famous students are Robert F. Coleman, Bruce Ferrero, Ralph Greenberg, Gustave Solomon, Larry Washington, and Eugene M. Luks.

## Research

Iwasawa is known for introducing what is now called Iwasawa theory, which developed from researches on cyclotomic fields from the later 1950s. Before that he worked on Lie groups and Lie algebras, introducing the general Iwasawa decomposition.

## List of books available in English

* Lectures on p-adic L-functions / by Kenkichi Iwasawa (1972)
* Local class field theory / Kenkichi Iwasawa (1986) ISBN 0-19-504030-9
* Algebraic functions / Kenkichi Iwasawa; translated by Goro Kato (1993) ISBN 0-8218-4595-0
* Iwasawa, Kenkichi (2001), Satake, Ichiro; Fujisaki, Genjiro; Kato, Kazuya; Kurihara, Masato; Nakajima, Shoichi; Coates, John (eds.), Collected papers. Vol. I, II, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-4-431-70314-3, MR 1851503