# Nicola Willis

Nicola Valentine Willis (born 7 March 1981) is a New Zealand politician with a background in English literature and journalism. She is currently deputy leader of the National Party and in November 2023 was appointed minister of Finance in a coalition government with ACT and New Zealand First. Willis entered the New Zealand Parliament in 2018, when she inherited Steven Joyce's seat in Parliament as the next on the party list after his retirement from politics.

## Early life

Willis was born and raised in Point Howard, Lower Hutt. She is the eldest of three children. Willis's mother was a journalist in the Parliamentary Press Gallery, her father a partner in corporate law firm Bell Gully who later rose to be chairman of the New Zealand Energy Corporation an "active oil and gas exploration company". After a "privileged childhood", she first attended Samuel Marsden Collegiate, a private school for girls, before asking to spend her last two years of high school boarding at King's College in Auckland – a decision she regretted. Her first job was as a cashier and server at a Wholly Bagel in Thorndon, Wellington, later working in retail stores selling clothing.
She graduated with a first-class honours degree in English literature from Victoria University of Wellington in 2003, and a post-graduate diploma in journalism from the University of Canterbury in 2017. She was a member of the Victoria University Debating Society, competing in international tournaments.
After graduation, she worked as a research and policy advisor for Bill English and as a senior advisor to John Key in 2008. During the preparation for the 2008 election, practice debate sessions were held for Key with Nicola Willis from his office standing in for Helen Clark. She was asked to dial it back a little for fear of denting the candidate's confidence.
In 2012, Willis joined dairy co-operative Fonterra in a lobbyist role. She was later a general manager of Fonterra's nutrient management programme, and sat on the board of Export NZ, a division of lobbyist group Business New Zealand.
Willis was a director of the New Zealand Initiative, a pro-free-market public-policy Atlas Network linked think tank, from May 2016 until February 2017.

## Political career
### First term, 2018–2020

Willis contested the 2017 election as National's candidate for the electorate of Wellington Central, and was number 48 on the party list. Her platform of being "a champion for the predator-free policy" and an "advocate for the city's 'world class public service'" gained her 26% of the electorate vote, about half of the vote given to Grant Robertson.
On the party list vote, National lost two parliamentary seats while the Labour and Green parties each gained one. Willis was second in line should there be a vacancy in a list seat held by a National Party MP during the 52nd New Zealand Parliament, and she and Maureen Pugh entered parliament several months later, after the resignations of Bill English and Steven Joyce in March 2018.
Leader Simon Bridges appointed Willis National's spokesperson on early childhood education.
Willis was vocal against Grant Guilford's attempt to change Victoria University of Wellington's name to the University of Wellington.
Willis was a key player in Todd Muller's move to replace Bridges as caucus leader in a 2020 the leadership coup, with she and Chris Bishop both taking a role as Muller's "numbers man". She was rewarded with a ranking of 14 in the party caucus, and with the additional portfolios of Housing and Urban Development. Only 55 days later Muller resigned, becoming the shortest-serving leader of any political party represented in Parliament in New Zealand's history. His replacement Judith Collins left Willis at the same ranking, but with Muller's departure she automatically joined the front bench as 13th in caucus. Collins also granted her the opposition education spokesperson role. With Muller's backers Bishop and Willis rising under Collins, political commentators speculated that "potential dissenters are being kept busy with big new portfolios".

### Second term, 2020–2023

Willis' list ranking for the 2020 general election was 13, making her return to parliament a certainty. Although she also contested the Wellington Central electorate, voters soundly preferred the incumbent Grant Robertson by more than 3 to 1, with him gaining 27,000 votes compared to her 8,500. National was returned to Opposition and Willis was returned to the housing portfolio, where she worked with Housing Minister Megan Woods to develop bipartisan housing reform designed to encourage more medium density dwellings.
In November 2021, National Party leader Judith Collins lost a confidence vote and was removed by the National caucus. Willis was seen by media and political commentators as a contender for the party leadership or deputy leadership. Despite the speculation, she never launched a leadership bid, but was asked by Christopher Luxon to be his running mate as he launched a campaign for the leadership. They were elected unopposed on 30 November 2021, after Luxon's main rival, Simon Bridges, dropped his leadership bid in exchange for the finance portfolio. As deputy leader, Willis's liberal views on social issues are seen as a counterpoint to Luxon's more conservative positions.
Luxon unveiled his first shadow cabinet in December. Willis was assigned responsibility for housing and social investment. She picked up the finance portfolio in March 2022 when Bridges announced his resignation. As finance spokesperson, Willis defended National's policy of lowering tax rates despite criticisms that the policy would be inflationary; Luxon eventually dropped the policy.
On 19 November 2022, Willis was selected as the National candidate for the north Wellington electorate of Ōhāriu ahead of the 2023 New Zealand general election, instead of trying for a third time in Wellington Central. Ōhāriu was regarded by some commentators as "much more winnable" for Willis than Wellington Central.
In early August 2023, Willis introduced a private member's bill to allow parents to share their leave entitlement and take time off together. The bill was supported by all parliamentary parties except Labour, which used its majority to block the bill. In response, Willis accused Labour of "insulting every parent in New Zealand" in order to deny National a "win." During the lead-up to the 2023 New Zealand general election, Labour subsequently campaigned on raising paid parental leave from two weeks to four weeks if re-elected.
Willis has appeared multiple times on the "Yes Minister" segment of the New Zealand panel show 7 Days.
In the run up to the 2023 New Zealand general election, National campaigned on cutting taxes and proposed recovering lost revenue by reopening the housing market to foreign buyers and taxing them 15% on purchases over $2 million. The plan was criticised by a number of economists during the campaign, with claims there were insufficient wealthy foreigners wanting to buy houses in New Zealand and the Government would be $530 million short each year. Allowing foreign buyers into New Zealand was unacceptable to Winston Peters and the plan was abandoned as part of the post-election coalition agreement between National, ACT, and the New Zealand First parties.
In mid September 2023, Willis admitted that only 3,000 households would get the full tax relief under National's proposed tax policy, but denied that National had misled voters about its tax plan. She said she would resign if National failed to deliver on its tax reduction plan.

### Third term, 2023–present

During the 2023 New Zealand general election held on 14 October, Willis unsuccessfully contested the Ōhāriu, which was retained by Labour MP Greg O'Connor by a margin of 1,260 votes. Willis was re-elected to Parliament on the National Party list. Following the formation of the National-led coalition government in late November 2023, Willis was appointed as Minister of Finance, Minister for Public Service, Minister for Social Investment, and Associate Minister of Climate Change.

#### The interislander ferry fleet controversy

On 13 December Willis, in her capacity as Finance Minister, declined KiwiRail's request for an additional NZ$1.47 billion to replace its ageing Interislander ferry fleet. Funding to purchase two new ferries from Hyundai by 2026 had previously been approved by the outgoing Labour Government. Willis' decision to scrap the project was criticised by Labour's finance spokesperson Grant Robertson, the Maritime Union of New Zealand, the Rail and Maritime Transport Union, the New Zealand Merchant Service Guild and the Aviation and Marine Engineers Association who called on her to resign as Finance Minister. Consequently the decision and subsequent activity are described as the "ferry fiasco".
In mid December 2024, Willis claimed she had 'delivered' on the ferries when the coalition government announced a new company would be established to procure two new vessels. However, the announcement was vague with no mention of the cost, who will build the new ferries, or whether they will take rail. The company will have three shareholding ministers: Simeon Brown, Nicola Willis and Winston Peters, who was given a new responsibility as the minister for rail. In early March 2025, Radio New Zealand reported that the National-led coalition government had allocated NZ$300 million to cover the cancellation of the iRex ferry project including cancelled infrastructure contracts and a break-fee with Hyundai.

#### Budget cuts 2023

On 20 December, 2023 Willis unveiled the Government's mini-budget, which she said would deliver NZ$7.47 billion in operational savings. Willis said: "Our Government is committed to getting the books back in order and effectively managing taxpayers' money. We have found billions of dollars' worth of savings within weeks of being elected, and we intend to continue this savings-drive to deliver a better deal for all New Zealanders." A year later, on 17 December 2024, she conceded that Treasury's finances would remain in deficit until at least 2029.

#### Disability funding

In March 2024, Penny Simmonds, Minister for Disabled People announced cuts to funding for support systems for the disabled declaring the Government would not increase funding to maintain support for disabled people and their families "because the Government's coffers are not an endless open pit". Following criticism from disabled people's carers and families following the Ministry's cuts which were made without consultation with the sector, Willis summoned Penny Simmonds for an urgent briefing. On 26 March, she announced that future decisions about the Ministry's funding would go to the New Zealand Cabinet to be signed off, with the disabled community being consulted. She also criticised the previous Labour Government for allegedly allowing the Ministry to overspend for several years.

#### The 2024 budget

In late March 2024, Willis released the Government's "Budget Policy Statement." She also confirmed that the Government would set a smaller budget allowance that the previous Labour Government, with no new borrowing. Despite slower than expected economic growth, Willis affirmed the Government's promise to limit the net amount of new money added to the upcoming budget to NZ$3.5 billion.
In late May 2024, Willis delivered the 2024 New Zealand budget, which delivered NZ$14 billion worth of tax cuts ranging from NZ$4 and NZ$40 a fortnight for all workers earning more than NZ$14,000. The Government also increased the Working for Families in-work tax credit, giving 160,000 low and middle-income families with children up to NZ$50 a fortnight.

#### Pharmac funding for cancer drugs

In the 2024 budget, the Government decided not to fulfill its promise to fund thirteen new cancer treatment drugs, which it claimed was due to a NZ$1.77 billion funding "cliff" in Pharmac's budget left by the previous Labour Government. In response, Willis said that the Government would seek to find funding for cancer treatments in the 2025 budget.

#### Working from home

In late September 2024, Willis issued a new guidance for the public service to limit "working at home" practices, stating that "working from home is not an entitlement and must be agreed and monitored." While Willis accepted that working from home arrangements could be beneficial to workers and employers, she said that it also had a negative impact on work performance, as well as CBD retailers, restaurants and cafes near public service departments and offices.
On 17 December 2024, Willis announced that the minimum wage for adult workers would rise by 1.5% from $23.15 to $23.50; marking the smallest percentage increase since the 1990s. In addition, she confirmed that training and starting wages for young employees would rise to $18.80.

#### Economist's letter

In November 2024, a group of 15 economists sent an open letter to Nicola Willis and Christopher Luxon criticizing the Government's economic policies as short-sighted, declaring that "your sinking-lid cuts to the public service are powerful contributors to the current severe and prolonged recession." The group said that the current economic policies were hurting the poorest the most, detering business investment, threatening small businesses and driving skilled people to leave the country.

#### The deficit

Less than a month later, Willis projected that the New Zealand Treasury's finances would remain in deficit until at least 2029 due to declining tax revenue and rising expenses. Due to tax cuts in the budget, she said that over the next four years, the government now expected to receive $3.7 billion less per year in taxation revenue. In addition, Willis confirmed that the Government would adopt a new financial indicator to measure the operating balance before gains and losses (OBEGAL) known as OBEGALx, which excluded ACC deficits from the equation. Willis claimed that ACC deficits, which amounted to $4.1 billion in the 2023/24 financial year, had distorted the Government's finances.

#### Economic growth

Following a cabinet reshuffle on 19 January 2025, Willis also assumed the economic growth portfolio. As Minister for Economic Growth, Willis announced that the Government would be introducing a digital nomads visa. This visa would allow non-residents working for a foreign employer to work in New Zealand for up to nine months. Their work would be untaxed for up to 90 days.
As Minister for Economic Growth, Willis has proposed scrapping 24 of the 71 procurement rules for private firms to acquire government contracts. The proposed 24 scrapped rules include paying the Living Wage in cleaning, catering and security guard contracts, purchasing recyclable and waste-efficient office products, and purchasing electric and hybrid vehicles. She has also proposed introducing a new economic benefit test for awarding good, services and refurbishment contracts over NZ$100,000, and construction contracts over NZ$9 million. The E tū union expressed opposition to the Government's proposal to scrap the Living Wage requirement for government contractors, stating that it "came after years of campaigning."

## Views and positions

Willis is described as a social liberal, and has a focus on LGBT rights and action on climate change. She is a member of the National Party's BlueGreen environmental caucus. Willis supports euthanasia, and is pro-choice.
In the 2020 New Zealand general election, Willis' unsuccessful campaign in the Wellington Central electorate focussed heavily on increasing roading in the central city, with the slogan 'Four Lanes to the Planes'.

## Personal life

Willis married Duncan Small in 2007, and they have four children.