OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galactic year

The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. One galactic year is approximately 225 million Earth years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 230 km/s (828,000 km/h) or 143 mi/s (514,000 mph) within its trajectory around the Galactic Center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1/1300 of the speed of light.
The galactic year provides a conveniently usable unit for depicting cosmic and geological time periods together. By contrast, a "billion-year" scale does not allow for useful discrimination between geologic events, and a "million-year" scale requires some rather large numbers.

## Timeline of the universe and Earth's history in galactic years

The following list assumes that 1 galactic year is 225 million years.
| Time | Time | Event |
| Galactic years (gal) | Millions of years (Ma) | Event |
| Past (years ago) |||
| About 61.32 gal | | Big Bang |
| About 54 gal | | Birth of the Milky Way |
| 20.44 gal | | Birth of the Sun |
| 17–18 gal | 3937 Ma | Oceans appear on Earth |
| 16.889 gal | 3800 Ma | Life begins on Earth |
| 15.555 gal | 3500 Ma | Prokaryotes appear |
| 12 gal | 2700 Ma | Bacteria appear |
| 10 gal | 2250 Ma | Eukaryian period first appearance of eukaryotes Stable continents appear |
| 6.8 gal | 1530 Ma | Multicellular organisms appear |
| 2.4 gal | 540 Ma | Cambrian explosion occurs |
| 2 gal | 500 Ma | The first brain structure appears in worms |
| 1.11 gal | 250 Ma | Permian–Triassic extinction event |
| 0.2933 gal | | Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event |
| 0.0013 gal | | Emergence of anatomically modern humans |
| Future (years from now) |||
| 0.15 gal | | Mean time between impacts of asteroidal bodies in the order of magnitude of the K/Pg impactor has elapsed. |
| 1 gal | | All the continents on Earth may fuse into a supercontinent. Three potential arrangements of this configuration have been dubbed Amasia, Novopangaea, and Pangaea Proxima. |
| 2–3 gal | | Tidal acceleration moves the Moon far enough from Earth that total solar eclipses are no longer possible |
| 4 gal | | Carbon dioxide levels fall to the point at which C4 photosynthesis is no longer possible. Multicellular life dies out |
| 15 gal | | Surface conditions on Earth are comparable to those on Venus today |
| 22 gal | | The Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy begin to collide |
| 25 gal | | Sun ejects a planetary nebula, leaving behind a white dwarf |
| 30 gal | | The Milky Way and Andromeda complete their merger into a giant elliptical galaxy called Milkomeda or Milkdromeda |
| 500 gal | | The Universe's expansion causes all galaxies beyond the Milky Way's Local Group to disappear beyond the cosmic event horizon, removing them from the reachable universe |
| 2000 gal | | Local Group of 47 galaxies coalesces into a single large galaxy |
# Amber McLaughlin

Amber McLaughlin (January 13, 1973 – January 3, 2023) was an American transgender woman executed in Missouri for the 2003 rape and murder of her ex-girlfriend, Beverly Guenther. While incarcerated for the crimes, McLaughlin transitioned from male to female and later became the first openly transgender person to be executed in the United States. However, the legal name Scott A. McLaughlin was the name used in the death warrant and in prison records.
McLaughlin was a registered sex offender because of a 1992 conviction for sexual assault against a 14-year-old girl.
At McLaughlin's 2006 trial, the jury was deadlocked on the issue of the death penalty. In most U.S. states, this would result in a sentence of life imprisonment. However, Missouri is one of only two states (the other being Indiana) in which a judge has the discretion to sentence a defendant to death if the jury is deadlocked on the issue of capital punishment.
In August 2021, McLaughlin's sentence was reinstated by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On January 3, 2023, McLaughlin was executed by the state.
# Tirefour Castle

56°31′47″N 5°28′09″W﻿ / ﻿56.52965°N 5.469044°W﻿ / 56.52965; -5.469044
Tirefour Castle, (or Tirefour Broch, also spelled Tirfuir and Tirrefour) is an Iron Age broch located 4 kilometres north of Achnacroish on the island of Lismore, Scotland.

## Location

Tirefour Castle (grid reference NM86754290) is situated on a rocky height on the east coast of the island of Lismore. In clear weather Ben Nevis can be seen to the north, Ben Cruachan to the east and the Paps of Jura to the south. There is a steep slope on the northwest side and on the southeast side. The latter slope turns into a rolling plateau that ends in a steep cliff. The broch can easily be approached from the northeast and the southwest.

## Dating

The broch was probably built in the late Iron Age. It was inhabited during the Roman era as shown by the discovery of an enamel brooch in the foundation layer.
The broch was inhabited until the Middle Ages. Among the finds in the broch was a decorative pin from the 8th century and a Norse pin and rivets, dating from the 11th or 12th century. Located near the broch are the remains of a rectangular building in the Norse style.

## Construction

Tirefour Castle has an almost circular floor plan. The lower floor has a solid, dry stone wall. This walls are 4.5 m thick. and the internal diameter is approximately 12.2 metres. The wall is on average 3 metres high and survives to a maximum height of 4.9 metres in the southeast corner. The entrance to the broch is located on the southwest side and is 1.4 metres wide. There are no indications of an intramural room (guard cell) at the entrance.
A supporting (scarcement) ledge is evident in the interior of the broch. It is located 2.5 metres above the original ground level. The ledge is 60 centimetres wide and is intact for about three quarters of the inner circumference.
On the northwestern and eastern sides, at a height of 2.5 metres above the original ground level, intramural galleries can be seen. The gallery is 61 centimetres wide and 107 centimetres high. On the west side the gallery is 7 metres long. The ceiling of the gallery is formed by large, flat stones.
The interior of the broch is partly filled with earth to a height of at least 1 metre. In 2010, beneath the earth on the north side, a 1 metre wide opening was found, which probably gave access to an intramural room or staircase. Surrounding the broch can be seen traces of two walls, which offered additional protection to the northeast and southwest sides. In the southern wall is an opening which is aligned with the entrance to the broch.
# Flower Island

Flower Island (Korean: 꽃섬; RR: Ggot seom) is a 2001 South Korean film directed by Song Il-gon. This was Song's first feature-length film after directing several award-winning short films.

## Plot

The film is in three parts. The first introduces three women who are separately suffering from their own psychological injuries. In the second part, the three women encounter each other and other people as they are each on a journey to an island reputed to have healing powers. The last third of the film deals with the characters on a boat headed to the island.

## Awards

* 2002 Fribourg International Film Festival: FIPRESCI Prize, "For its sensitive portrait of three human destinies, within an accomplished and mature cinematographic grammar."
* 2002 Fribourg International Film Festival: Special Mention: Song Il-gon
* 2001 Director's Cut Awards: Best New Director, Song Il-gon
* 2001 Pusan International Film Festival: FIPRESCI Prize New Currents, "For its remarkable direction in creating the interior universe of three women, and for its fine performances."
* 2001 Pusan International Film Festival: New Currents Award, Song Il-gon
* 2001 Pusan International Film Festival: PSB Audience Award, Song Il-gon
* 2001 Venice Film Festival 'CinemAvvenire' Award Best First Film, Song Il-gon
# Leah Anderson

Leah Anderson (born 1 December 1999) is a Jamaican sprinter.

## Early life

She studied Illustration at St. John's University (New York City).

## Career

In February 2023, she set a new Jamaican national, Commonwealth, and Central American and Caribbean 500m indoor record at the New Balance Indoor Grand Prix in Boston, Massachusetts, running a time of 1:08.34.
In 2024 she ran for Jamaica in the 4x400m relay at the 2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Glasgow, Scotland. She also ran at the 2024 World Relays in Nassau, Bahamas.
She was named in the Jamaican team for the 2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Nanjing in March 2025.
# Bank of Washington, West End Branch

Bank of Washington, West End Branch is a historic bank building located at Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina. It was built about 1854, and is a two-story, stuccoed brick temple-form building in the Greek Revival style. The front facade features a tetrastyle Ionic order portico.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
# Jean Patry

Jean Mathias Gérard Patry (born 27 December 1996) is a French professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite spiker for Galatasaray and the France national team. Patry won a gold medal in the men's tournament at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020.

## Club career

On 14 July 2024, he was announced as a new player of Galatasaray.

## Honours
### Club

* CEV Champions League
** 2023–24 – with Jastrzębski Węgiel
* CEV Challenge Cup
** 2020–21 – with Allianz Powervolley Milano
* Domestic
** 2023–24 Polish Championship, with Jastrzębski Węgiel

### Individual awards

* 2020: European Olympic Qualification Tournament – Most valuable player
* 2020: European Olympic Qualification Tournament – Best opposite spiker
* 2021: CEV Challenge Cup – Most valuable player
* 2022: FIVB Nations League – Best opposite spiker
* 2024: FIVB Nations League – Best opposite spiker
* 2024: Olympic Games Paris – Best opposite spiker

### State awards

* 2021: Knight of the Legion of Honor
# Rubens (footballer, born 2001)

Rubens Antonio Dias (born 21 June 2001), known as just Rubens, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Atlético Mineiro. Mainly a midfielder, he can also play as a left-back.

## Career

Born in Tumiritinga, Rubens joined the youth academy of Atlético Mineiro in 2016, winning the Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 title in 2020.
On 7 March 2021, Rubens made his professional debut in a Campeonato Mineiro 4–0 home win over Uberlândia. On 25 June 2022, he scored his first goal as a professional in a Campeonato Brasileiro 3–2 home win over Fortaleza.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 March 2025.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2021 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2022 | Série A | 29 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 1 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2023 | Série A | 24 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 39 | 2 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2024 | Série A | 19 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 36 | 3 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2025 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 72 | 3 | 30 | 3 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 130 | 6 |
* 1 2 3 4 5 Appearance(s) in Campeonato Mineiro
* 1 2 3 Appearance(s) in Copa Libertadores

## Honours
### Atlético Mineiro

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2021
* Copa do Brasil: 2021
* Campeonato Mineiro: 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
* Supercopa do Brasil: 2022
* Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20: 2020

### Individual

* Campeonato Mineiro Team of the Year: 2024
# Bel Paese (cheese)

Bel Paese (Italian pronunciation:) or Italico is a semi-soft Italian cheese. It was invented in 1906 by Egidio Galbani who wanted to produce a mild and delicate cheese to sell mainly in Italy. The name Bel Paese comes from the title of a book written by Antonio Stoppani (though the reference is much older, being used by Dante and Petrarch). It is Italian for "beautiful country", and is used as a phrase for Italy itself.
Originally produced in Melzo, a small town near Milan in the Lombardy region, it is now made in both Italy and the United States. Bel Paese is a cow's milk cheese. It matures for six to eight weeks, and has a creamy and light milky aroma. The color is a pale, creamy yellow. It is made in small discs, and is very similar to the French Saint-Paulin cheese and German Butterkäse. It has a mild, buttery flavor, and it has been popularly eaten with fruity wines, such as dry red or white. It is favored by many as a snack or dessert cheese and melts easily for use on pizzas or in casseroles. It is often used as a substitute for mozzarella cheese.
Genuine Bel Paese cheese can be determined by the wrapping. It has an image of the Italian geologist and paleontologist Antonio Stoppani, whose geological treatise Il bel paese gave its name to Galbani's cheese; but while on the wrapping of the cheese made in Italy Stoppani's image comes with a map of Italy, cheese made in the United States has a map of America.
# Dwight Beverly

Dwight Anthony Beverly (born December 5, 1961) is a former professional American football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Illinois.

## Early life

Beverly was born and grew up in Long Beach, California and attended Locke High School in South Los Angeles. After his senior season he was selected to play in the Prep Senior Bowl.

## College career

Beverly began his collegiate career at Long Beach City College before transferring to Illinois after his sophomore year. Beverly rushed for a team leading 390 yards and two touchdowns as a junior. As a senior he was named first-team All-Big Ten Conference after rushing for 685 yards and nine touchdowns with nine receptions for 77 yards and another touchdown as Illinois won the Big Ten Conference title.

## Professional career

Beverly was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the sixth round of the 1984 NFL draft but was cut during training camp. He was signed by the Portland Breakers of the United States Football League. Beverly was signed by the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League after the end of the USFL season and was re-signed by the team midway through the 1986 season. Beverly was signed by the New Orleans Saints in October 1987 as a replacement player during the 1987 NFL players strike. He rushed 62 times for 217 yards and two touchdowns and started three games and was released when the strike ended. Beverly was signed by the Stampeders for a third time in 1988 but was released during the preseason.
# Ługów, Lubusz Voivodeship

Ługów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świebodzin, within Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Świebodzin, 37 km (23 mi) north of Zielona Góra, and 55 km (34 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
# Charlotte Church (album)

Charlotte Church is the second studio album by Charlotte Church. It was released on 5 November 1999, by Sony Music. The song “Just Wave Hello” was prominently featured in the global campaign for the Ford Motor Company, and Church’s image was used to promote their lineup.

## Track listing

* "Just Wave Hello"
* "La Pastorella" from Rossini's Soirées musicales
* "Barcarolle" from The Tales of Hoffmann
* "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi
* "Lascia ch'io pianga" from Rinaldo
* "Guide Me, Oh Thou Great Redeemer" ("Cwm Rhondda")
* "The Holy City"
* "Plaisir d'amour"
* "Summertime" from Porgy and Bess
* "Ah! je ris de me voir si belle" ("The Jewel Song") from Faust
* "Voi che sapete" (Tell me what love is) from The Marriage of Figaro
* "She Moved Through the Fair"
* "Songs My Mother Taught Me"
* "If Thou Art Near"
* "The Last Rose of Summer"
* "Men of Harlech"
* "Lullaby" (Roses whisper goodnight)
In some editions (e. g. the version emitted in Hungary), the album contains the "Silent Night" as well, as the 18th track of the album (though it is not mentioned in the track list or the textbook of the CD). It is probably similar with the same track on the third album of Charlotte, the Dream a Dream.

## Certifications

| Country | Certification |
| United Kingdom | Platinum |
| United States | Platinum |
| Canada | Platinum |
| Australia | Gold |
| Hong Kong | Platinum |

## Release history

| Region | Date |
| United Kingdom | 15 November 1999 (1999-11-15) |
| United States | 16 November 1999 (1999-11-16) |
# Tipula cava

Tipula cava is a species of fly in the family Tipulidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Anuchit Pakdeekaew

Anuchit Pakdeekaew (Thai: อนุชิต ภักดีแก้ว; born 29 September 1996) is a member of the Thailand men's national volleyball team who plays as a Middle Blocker.

## Clubs

* Nongkungsriwittayakan School (2013)
* Krungkao Air Force (2014–2015)
* Chonburi (2015–2016)
* Air force (2016–2021)
* Diamond Food (2021–2024)

## Awards
### Individual

* 2018–19 Thailand League "Best Middle Blocker"

### Clubs

* 2015–16 Thailand League - Bronze Medal, with Chonburi E-Tech Air Force
* 2016–17 Thailand League - Champion, with Air Force
* 2017 Thai–Denmark Super League - Runner-up, with Air Force
* 2017–18 Thailand League - Champion, with Air Force
* 2018 Thai–Denmark Super League - Champion, with Air Force
* 2017–18 Thailand League - Champion, with Air Force
* 2019 Thai–Denmark Super League - Runner-Up, with Air Force
# Systemisch

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Systemisch is a 1994 album by the German glitch group Oval. It was released in 1994 by Mille Plateaux.
Breaking away from the instrumental format of previous work, the album used sound taken from deliberately damaged CDs to combine an experimental glitch aesthetic with an accessible pop sensibility. This new approach gave Oval their first major critical attention. In its development of the glitch aesthetic in electronic music, Systemisch influenced the sound of artists such as Autechre and Björk, who sampled the track "Aero Deck" in the song "Unison", from the album Vespertine. The song "Textuell" was used in a perfume commercial by Giorgio Armani.
# Martins Amaewhule

Martins Chike Amaewhule is a Nigerian politician who serves as the Speaker of the 10th Assembly of the Rivers State House of Assembly. He previously served as Majority Leader of the House.
He represents the Obio-Akpor I constituency in the Assembly. A loyal member of the Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party He was first elected in 2011 and re-elected in the March 2016 election rerun.
# Ebuka Njoku

Ebuka Njoku (May 30, 1992) is a Nigerian filmmaker, writer, and director. He is known for his first feature film, "Yahoo+," in which he worked as both the director and producer. He was born and raised in Eastern Nigeria, where he developed an early passion for storytelling, influenced by Nollywood and Bollywood films. Ebuka Njoku holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theatre and Film Studies from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

## Career

Njoku's fascination with movies began at a young age, with frequent visits to his neighbor's house to watch Hollywood, Bollywood, and Chinese films. His love for writing began during his teenage years, and he further pursued his passion at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where he studied Theatre Arts and Film. His screenplay, "Bola's Dirge," won the Homevida National Short Script competition in 2013, marking his introduction to Nollywood.
A few years later, in 2019 he created Crazy Lovely Cool; one of the first Nigerian series to appear on Netflix directed by Obi Emelonye. He co-wrote "Ordinary Fellows" in 2019. He made his directorial debut with the critically acclaimed feature film "Yahoo+" in 2022, which explores themes of cybercrime and societal pressures in Nigeria. The film premiered at The Annual Film Mischief festival, secured a distribution deal with FilmOne, and was released on Netflix, gaining widespread recognition. "Yahoo+" recently won the Best Narrative Feature award at the Eastern Nigeria International Film Festival.
In 2024, he wrote and directed 'UNO: The F in the family'. Later that year, he produced the YouTube movie "Okuko Christmas," a horror Christmas story.
Throughout his career, Njoku has collaborated with notable screenwriters and directors, including Yinka Ogun, Kemi Adesoye, Charles Novia, Ishaya Bako, and Onyeka Nwelue. His work on the Nigerian series "Crazy Lovely Cool," one of the first to appear on Netflix, further solidified his position as a rising star in Nollywood.

## Filmography

* Bola's Dirge(2013)
* Ordinary Fellows(2019)
* Yahoo+(2022)
* UNO: The F in the family(2024)
* Okuko Christmas(2024)
# Magazines or Novels

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Newsday | C |
Magazines or Novels is the second studio album by American recording artist Andy Grammer, released on August 5, 2014, through S-Curve Records. It includes the triple-platinum selling hit single "Honey, I'm Good" which peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot 100. A special edition exclusive to Target stores was released in May 2015 featuring two newly recorded tracks: "Kamikaze" and "Amazing". A re-issued deluxe edition was released on November 20, 2015, with new artwork and included the album's third single, "Good to Be Alive (Hallelujah)".

## Singles

Prior to the album's release, Grammer released a single "Back Home" on March 25, 2014, co-written by Grammer and Ryan Met of the band AJR, who co-produced the track with Jon Levine. The single was used in the 2016 MacGillivray Freeman film National Parks Adventure. The album's second single, "Honey, I'm Good" was co-written by Grammer and Nolan Sipe and produced by Sipe, Steve Greenberg and Brian West. Grammer went on the "Siren Songs" tour with Los Angeles-based recording artist Hughie Stone Fish in September 2014.
The second single "Honey, I'm Good" was released in the US in November 2014, and eventually impacted radio in February 2015. It became his biggest single to date, peaking at #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and being certified triple-platinum by the RIAA.
In August 2015, during his run on Dancing with the Stars, Grammer released a new single "Good to Be Alive (Hallelujah)" (also written by Ryan Met from AJR) which was included on a reissued deluxe version on November 6, 2015.

## Critical reception

Judah Joseph from The Huffington Post gave a positive review of the album saying "it is in ways reminiscent of John Mayer's earlier work" and compared Grammer's voice to Gavin DeGraw and Adam Levine's. "Magazines or Novels displays a level of consistent creativity and continued talent. [...] It surpasses the standard he set back in 2011". Joseph concluded describing the album as "emotionally complex collection of songs". Newsday reviewer Glenn Gamboa gave the album a C grade commenting "it feels like a desperate attempt to manufacture another hit" while he ultimately "ends up with cut-rate approximations of other artists (Maroon 5 and OneRepublic)." James Dinh from "SheKnows.com" analyzed the meanings of the songs and its contrasting lyrics and stated that "Grammer sprinkles a variety of lyrical themes throughout Magazines or Novels. While he plays up his lust for women (even though he's married) on the country-pop hoedown "Baby, I'm Good", he switches it up and assumes the role of sweet husband on the retro-sounding "Forever", using his easy-breezy falsetto to sing about how long his girl takes to get ready."

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||