# Tuxpan

Tuxpan (or Túxpam, fully Túxpam de Rodríguez Cano, for Enrique Rodríguez Cano) is both a municipality and city located in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The population of the city was 89,557 and of the municipality was 154,600 inhabitants, according to the INEGI census of 2020, residing in a total area of 1,051.89 km$^2$ (406.14 sq mi). The municipality includes many smaller outlying communities, the largest of which are Alto Lucero (20,380 inhabitants) and Santiago de la Peña (8,178 inhabitants). A local beachside community is also nearby.
In the 1870s, a small colony of some hundreds of former Confederate (Southern U.S.) officers, soldiers and diplomats was established.

## Name

Tuxpan or Túxpam, pronounced in Nahuatl, the language of the ancient Nahuas, literally means "Place of Rabbits", a compound of tochtli "rabbit" and -pan "place".

## Economy

Being the nearest port to Mexico City, Tuxpan is an important commercial link for Mexican imports and exports. Tuxpan is now primarily a grain port, with emphasis on soybeans and maize. Off-shore links to oil pipelines are used to transfer petroleum products to and from tanker ships operated by Pemex, Mexico's state-owned oil company. As part of the Pemex operations and infrastructure in the city, a facility on the river manufactures and maintains oil rigs for use in the Gulf of Mexico.

## Geography

The city is located on the banks of the Tuxpan River, which reaches the Gulf of Mexico 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) downstream.

### Climate

Tuxpan experiences a tropical climate with warm winters and hot summers.
Climate data for Túxpam de Rodríguez Cano (1951–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.0 (105.8) | 44.0 (111.2) | 45.8 (114.4) | 43.0 (109.4) | 42.0 (107.6) | 41.8 (107.2) | 41.8 (107.2) | 43.5 (110.3) | 48.8 (119.8) | 41.2 (106.2) | 41.8 (107.2) | 37.5 (99.5) | 48.8 (119.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.6 (92.5) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 30.4 (86.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.8 (78.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) | 17.6 (63.7) | 19.9 (67.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 8.8 (47.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.0 (57.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 4.5 (40.1) | 0.8 (33.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.5 (1.56) | 50.0 (1.97) | 38.6 (1.52) | 54.1 (2.13) | 78.9 (3.11) | 207.5 (8.17) | 170.8 (6.72) | 179.9 (7.08) | 266.4 (10.49) | 132.2 (5.20) | 87.1 (3.43) | 50.6 (1.99) | 1,355.6 (53.37) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 11.2 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 117.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 77 | 82 | 82 | 80 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 86 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 112 | 132 | 174 | 168 | 209 | 203 | 211 | 225 | 155 | 174 | 139 | 98 | 2,000 |
| Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico National (humidity 1981–2000) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||

## Transport
### Port of Tuxpan

Sometimes referred to as the "Puerto de Tuxpan", the port is able to handle supertanker-sized cargo ships. Due to increasing commercial shipping traffic in the city of Veracruz, Tuxpan is now the headquarters for the Mexican Navy's Gulf fleet. As such, it is the home port for several warships including three frigates named Allende, Abasolo and Victoria. These ships were originally Knox-class frigates built in the 1960s. They were purchased from the United States Navy in the mid to late 1990s after their decommissioning.
Tuxpan was also the port of departure for the yacht Granma that was used to transport Fidel Castro, his brother Raúl, Che Guevara and other fighters of the Cuban Revolution from Mexico to Cuba in 1956 for the purpose of overthrowing the regime of Fulgencio Batista. A small museum near the river has photographs and other related memorabilia.

## Education

Universidad Veracruzana has two campus in the city. The first, Biological and Agricultural Sciences Faculty opened in 1975 and offers careers related to the fields of Biology, Veterinary and Agricultural Engineering. The second one, the Accountancy Faculty offers careers related to administration and was opened in 1990.

## Twin Town

* Niquero (Granma, Cuba)