OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleural thickening

Pleural thickening is an increase in the bulkiness of one or both of the pulmonary pleurae. A severe form of the condition is known as fibrothorax.

## Causes

| Category | Disease | Features |
| Infection | After empyema | Most often basolateral May have calcification Non-progressive |
| Infection | After tuberculosis | Commonly forming an apical pleural cap Non-progressive Rarely extensive, with sheet-like calcifications |
| Infection | Active infection with mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, or chronic pulmonary aspergillosis | Slowly progressive Apical distribution Cavitations |
| Non-infectious inflammation | Asbestosis | Pleural plaques (see section below) Less common: Extensive confluent thickening, sometimes with pleural effusion |
| Non-infectious inflammation | After pleurodesis | Diffuse Non-progressive |
| Non-infectious inflammation | After hemothorax | Usually basolateral distribution May have calcification Non-progressive |
| Non-infectious inflammation | After drugs, such as methysergide or bromocriptine | Diffuse Possible interstitial pulmonary fibrosis |
| Cancer-related | Primary cancer, mainly mesothelioma | Associated with asbestosis Progressive thickening |
| Cancer-related | Metastasis or invasion, mainly from lung cancer | Progressive Nodular changes Lung tumors |

## Pleural plaques

Pleural plaques are patchy collections of hyalinized collagen in the parietal pleura. They have a holly leaf appearance on X-ray. They are indicators of asbestos exposure, and the most common asbestos-induced lesion. They usually appear after 20 years or more of exposure and never degenerate into mesothelioma. They appear as fibrous plaques on the parietal pleura, usually on both sides, and at the posterior and inferior part of the chest wall as well as the diaphragm.
# Aleksandra Natalli-Świat

Aleksandra Krystyna Natalli-Świat (20 February 1959 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish economist and politician. She was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 5068 votes in 3 Wrocław district, from the Law and Justice candidate list.
Natalli-Świat died in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash near Smolensk on 10 April 2010.
On 16 April 2010 she was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. On the same day, the Parliament of the Province of Lower Silesia awarded her the title of Honorary Citizen of Lower Silesia. She was buried on 26 April 2010 at the Cemetery of the Holy Spirit in Wroclaw.
# Saratoga, North Carolina

Saratoga is a town in Wilson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 408 at the 2010 census.

## History

The Maj. James Scarborough House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km$^2$), all land.
For transportation, Saratoga is served by U.S. Route 264 and Interstate 587 (North Carolina).

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 379 people, 158 households, and 102 families residing in the town. The population density was 590.3 inhabitants per square mile (227.9/km$^2$). There were 168 housing units at an average density of 261.7 per square mile (101.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 76.25% White, 19.79% African American, 3.43% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.80% of the population.
There were 158 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 20.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,667, and the median income for a family was $37,750. Males had a median income of $33,125 versus $25,469 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,317. About 8.2% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Prolly

"Prolly" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Sevyn Streeter and American rapper Gucci Mane. The song was released as the lead single for Girl Disrupted on August 12, 2016 through Atlantic Records.

## Music video

The audio video for "Prolly" was released to Streeter's YouTube channel on August 12, 2016. The music video was released to YouTube on August 15, 2016.

## Commercial performance

The song entered the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart at number fifty on October 8, 2016.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (Billboard) | 50 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref |
| Worldwide | August 12, 2016 | Digital download | Atlantic Records | [1] [5] |
# Haze (2016 film)

Haze is a 2017 American thriller drama film directed by David Burkman, starring Kirk Curran, Mike Blejer, Jeremy O'Shea, Kristin Rogers, and Sophia Medley.

## Cast

* Kirk Curran as Nick
* Mike Blejer as Pete
* Jeremy O'Shea as Taylor
* Kristin Rogers as Mimi
* Sophia Medley as Sophie
* Paul Savage as Chad
* Nicholas Kedrock as Fish
* Raamin Samiyi as Anoush
* Ryan Fearson as Christian
* Aaron Stein as Trevor
* Drew Sinclair as Brent
* Doug Henderson as Tim
* Matthew McClain as Killman
* Shaz Khan as Degan
* Nyk Schmalz as AJ
* Michael O'Neil Callaghan as Lerner
* Mike Mullauer as Fillmore
* Dane Coates as Brody

## Reception

Noel Murray of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "it’s so fresh, it’s raw."
Dennis Harvey of Variety wrote that the film is "accomplished, energetic and sufficiently smarter than its milieu."
# Certificate of Higher Education

A Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) is a higher education qualification in the United Kingdom.

## Overview

The Certificate is awarded after one year of full-time study (or equivalent) at a university or other higher education institution, or two years of part-time study. A CertHE is an independent tertiary award, an award in its own right, and students can study for a CertHE in various academic disciplines.
At Level 4 on the national qualifications framework for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the CertHE was once viewed as the academic equivalent of the Higher National Certificate, which was perceived to be vocational. However, universities have since integrated both qualifications into the first year of an undergraduate honours degree and they now can be considered equivalent academically. Prior to 2015, the CertHE was equivalent to an NVQ Level 4. In Scotland, a CertHE is at Level 7 on the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework.
On completion, students are permitted to use the postnominals CertHE, sometimes followed by the course name in brackets and the university from which they earned their qualification.
Sometimes, having a CertHE can exempt the holder from some of the requirements of a bachelor's degree; for example, it might reduce the length of study by one or two years, or reduce the number of courses necessary to complete the qualification.

## Comparison with other qualifications

A Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) is equivalent to the first year of a bachelor's degree which is any Level 4 qualification.
A Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) is equivalent to the second year of a bachelor's degree or any Level 5 qualification.
# Kumari Rukmani

Kumari Rukmani (19 April 1929 – 4 September 2007), also known as Kumari Rukmini, was an Indian actress and dancer. She has acted in about 100 films in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi languages.

## Childhood

She is the daughter of Nungambakkam Janaki, also an actress. She hails from Melattur in Thanjavur district. During the shooting of Harishchandra (1932) in Bombay (now Mumbai) the producers were looking for a young actor to feature as Lohidasan. Kumari Rukmani, as a child, was staying with her parents in the next room where T. P. Rajalakshmi who was the female lead in the film, was staying. Rajalakshmi recommended Kumari Rukmani to the producers. The producers talked to the parents and made Kumari Rukmani to feature as Lohidasan in the film. Thus began her film career.

## Film career

She featured in many films together with T. P. Rajalakshmi. Her first film as heroine was Sri Valli in which she acted as Valli paired with T. R. Mahalingam. In 1946 she featured in Lavangi paired with the multi-talented Y. V. Rao. While the shooting of this film was going on both she and Rao fell in love with each other and later got married. Cine actress Lakshmi is their daughter.

## Partial filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1935 | Harichandra | Lohidasan | Child Artist |
| 1937 | Chintamani | | Child Artist |
| 1937 | Balayogini | | Child Artist |
| 1938 | Desa Munnetram | | Child Artist |
| 1941 | Rishyasringar | | Child Artist |
| 1945 | Sri Valli | Goddess Valli | |
| 1946 | Lavangi | Jagannatha Pandita Rayalu's wife | |
| 1947 | Pankajavalli | Lord Krishna | |
| 1948 | Ramadas | | |
| 1955 | Mullaivanam | | |
| 1961 | Kappalotiya Thamizhan | Meenakshi Ammal | V. O. Chidambaram Pillai's wife |
| 1963 | Mani Osai | | |
| 1963 | Idhayathil Nee | | |
| 1963 | Kadavulai Kanden | | |
| 1963 | Paar Magaleya Paar | Sekar Mother | |
| 1964 | Poompuhar | Govalan Mother | |
| 1964 | Karnan | Radha Karnan Step Mother | |
| 1964 | Navarathri | Ananth Mother | |
| 1965 | Vennira Aadai | Seetha | |
| 1965 | Idhayak Kamalam | Baskar Mother | |
| 1966 | Thedi Vantha Thirumagal | | |
| 1970 | Vilaiyaattu Pillai | | |
| 1970 | Thalaivan | Manimegalai | |
| 1971 | Avalukendru Or Manam | Rajam | |
| 1971 | Irulum Oliyum | | |
| 1971 | Moondrudeivangal | | |
| 1973 | Karaikkal Ammaiyar | Dharmavathi | Punithavathi's mother |
| 1976 | Rojavin Raja | Visalam | |
| 1978 | Ennai Pol Oruvan | Sekar Mother | |
| 2000 | Kandukondain Kandukondain | Sivagnanam's mother | |

## Producer

She has produced two films in Hindi, with Lavangi and Manjari.

## Death

After ailing for some time, Kumari Rukmani died on 4 September 2007 at her daughter actress Lakshmi residence in Chennai.

## K. T. Rukmini

There was another actress/singer named K. T. Rukmini during 1930/40s. She was featured in films like Menaka (1935), Thirumangai Alwar (1940) and her last film was Ponnuruvi (1947).
# Annie Whitehead

Lena Annie Whitehead (born 16 July 1955 in Oldham, Lancashire) is a British jazz trombone player.

## Career

Whitehead learned the trombone in high school and participated in rock and jazz bands. When she was 16, she left school to become a member of a female big band led by Ivy Benson. She played with the band for two years before moving to Jersey. Unhappy with the life of a musician, she quit music for almost six years. She returned in 1979 and started a ska band. She took an interest in jazz again after moving to London two years later and performing in pubs. In the 1980s, she toured with Brotherhood of Breath, a big band led by South African pianist Chris McGregor.
During her career, she has worked with ...And the Native Hipsters, Blur, Carla Bley, Charlie Watts Orchestra, Fun Boy Three, Robert Wyatt, Jah Wobble, Jamiroquai, Elvis Costello, John Stevens, Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Smiley Culture, Chris Rea, Joe Jackson, Steve Beresford, Murray Head, Dr. John, Tom Jones, Khaled, Deep Purple, Étienne Daho, Lol Coxhill, Finlay Quaye, Rufus Wainwright, Maher Shalal Hash Baz, Eric Clapton, Nick Lowe, Boy George, Jasper van 't Hof, Spice Girls, and Working Week. She was a member of The Zappatistas, a Frank Zappa tribute band led by guitarist John Etheridge.

## Discography

* Mix Up 1984
* This is ...Rude 1994
* Naked 1997
* Home
* The Gathering 2000
# 2023 Kutupalong refugee camp fire

On 5 March 2023, a fire began in the Kutupalong refugee camp in southeast Bangladesh, resulting in the destruction of more than 2,000 shelters and the displacement of 12,000 refugees.

## Background

The Kutupalong refugee camp is considered the world's largest refugee camp, sheltering Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. Between January 2021 and December 2022, there were more than 222 fire incidents in the camp, including 60 incidents of arson.

## Fire

The fire began on 5 March 2023 at 2.45 pm in the Balukhali camp in Cox's Bazar, destroying more than 2,000 shelters, many made of bamboo and tarpaulin, after spreading through gas cylinders in kitchens. Volunteers and local firefighting services brought the fire under control within three hours.

## Impact

No casualties were reported. More than 12,000 refugees from Myanmar were left without shelter due to the fire. 35 mosques and 21 learning centres for refugees were also destroyed.
# Alexander Obukhov

Alexander Mikhailovich Obukhov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Обу́хов; 5 May 1918 – 3 December 1989) was a Soviet and Russian geophysicist and applied mathematician known for his contributions to statistical theory of turbulence and atmospheric physics. He was one of the founders of modern boundary layer meteorology. He served as the Head of the theoretical department at Sternberg Astronomical Institute, a division of Moscow State University.
Obukhov's 1946 fundamental paper on a universal length scale for exchange processes in the surface layer was the basis for the derivation of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in 1954. The Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and the Monin–Obukhov length are named after him and Russian Academician Andrei Monin.

## Early life and education

Obukhov was born on 5 May 1918 in Saratov. He finished high school in 1934 but could not write the entrance examination of Saratov University because he was too young. Therefore, he spent a year at Saratov Meteorological Observatory. Obukhov wrote and published his first paper in 1939. It was based on the work he had done at Saratov Meteorological Observatory. In 1935 Obukhov joined Saratov University where he studied mathematics and science. Obhukhov did his Ph.D. at the Moscow State University, under the supervision of Andrey Kolmogorov.
# Andrzej Mikołaj Dera

Andrzej Mikołaj Dera (born 10 September 1961) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7520 votes in 36 Kalisz district as a candidate from Law and Justice list.
# Łagowiec

Łagowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzciel, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
# Lodhran District

Lodhran District (Saraiki: ضِلع لودهراں), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with the city of Lodhran as its capital. Located on the northern side of the River Sutlej, it is bounded to the north by the districts of Multan, Khanewal and Vehari, to the south by Bahawalpur, to the east lie the districts of Vehari and Bahawalpur; while district Multan lies on the western side.
Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991. It has the lowest Human Development Index of all districts in Punjab, and is among the thirty poorest districts in Pakistan.$^{:85}$ It is a well-known cotton-growing area.

## Administrative divisions

Lodhran District is spread over an area of 2,778 square kilometres and is subdivided into three tehsils (Lodhran, Kahror Pakka and Dunyapur) which contain a total of 73 Union Councils:
| Tehsil | Area (km²) | Pop. (2023) | Density (ppl/km²) (2023) | Literacy rate (2023) | Union Councils |
| Dunyapur | 889 | 571,333 | 642.67 | 55.66% | 22 |
| Kahror Pacca | 778 | 547,761 | 704.06 | 49.81% | 23 |
| Lodhran | 1,111 | 809,205 | 728.36 | 50.10% | 28 |

## Demographics

As of the 2023 census, Lodhran district has 323,866 households and a population of 1,928,299. The district has a sex ratio of 107.26 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 51.68%: 60.63% for males and 42.12% for females. 540,664 (28.07% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 325,053 (16.86%) live in urban areas.
Religion in Lodhran district (2023) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 99.56% | 99.56% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.40% | 0.40% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.04% | 0.04% |
Religion in Lodhran District :
| Religion | 1941$^{:62–63}$ | 1941$^{:62–63}$ | 2017 | 2017 | 2023 | 2023 |
| Religion | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 175,642 | 82.59% | 1,695,600 | 99.76% | 1,917,852 | 99.56% |
| Hinduism | 33,246 | 15.63% | 93 | 0.01% | 97 | 0.01% |
| Sikhism | 3,519 | 1.65% | — | — | 24 | 0% |
| Christianity | 218 | 0.1% | 3,227 | 0.19% | 7,613 | 0.40% |
| Ahmadi | — | — | 710 | 0.04% | 656 | 0.03% |
| Others | 49 | 0.02% | 63 | 0% | 93 | 0% |
| Total Population | 212,674 | 100% | 1,699,693 | 100% | 1,926,357 | 100% |
* Saraiki (73.81%)
* Punjabi (15.23%)
* Urdu (6.41%)
* Mewati (2.19%)
* Others (2.36%)
At the time of the 2023 census, 73.81% of the population spoke Saraiki, 15.23% Punjabi, 6.41% Urdu, and 2.19% Mewati as their first language.
The most widely spoken first language is Saraiki (70%), which is used by the major indigenous social groups of the Joya , Baloch, Awan, Arain, Kanju, Uttera/Uttero, Ghallu, Bhutta, Lodhra, Metla, Chaner Syed, Qureshi, Tareen and Pathan. Additionally, Punjabi is spoken by about 19%. The percentage of the district's population who declared Urdu as their language at the 1998 census was 9%; this includes these Haryanvi speakers as well as other, smaller, groups of Muhajirs such as the Mughal. Additionally, the nomadic Od people are speakers of the Od language, while Pashto (0.2%) is spoken by Pashtuns.$^{:83}$
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Babylon (town), New York

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The following properties in the Town of Babylon, New York, are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map.

## Listings

| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| 1 | The Babylon Library | The Babylon Library More images | August 10, 2015 (#15000517) | 117 W. Main St. 40°41′46″N 73°19′31″W﻿ / ﻿40.6961°N 73.3253°W﻿ / 40.6961; -73.3253﻿ (The Babylon Library) | Babylon | Neoclassical 1911 building was part of early wave of public libraries built in small towns across the country during the first decades of the 20th century. More info here. |
| 2 | Babylon Town Hall | Babylon Town Hall More images | October 5, 2005 (#05001131) | 47 West Main Street 40°41′47″N 73°19′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.696417°N 73.324111°W﻿ / 40.696417; -73.324111﻿ (Babylon Town Hall) | Babylon | |
| 3 | Long Island National Cemetery | Long Island National Cemetery More images | March 22, 2016 (#16000113) | 2040 Wellwood Ave., 40°45′27″N 73°23′48″W﻿ / ﻿40.75750°N 73.39667°W﻿ / 40.75750; -73.39667﻿ (Long Island National Cemetery) | Wyandanch | Veterans' cemetery shared with town of Huntington to north built in 1930s to handle overflow from Cypress Hills soon expanded to take in 10,000 World War II veterans and POWs. |
| 4 | Nathaniel Conklin House | Nathaniel Conklin House More images | December 8, 1988 (#88002683) | 280 Deer Park Avenue 40°42′02″N 73°19′23″W﻿ / ﻿40.700556°N 73.323056°W﻿ / 40.700556; -73.323056﻿ (Nathaniel Conklin House) | Babylon | |
| 5 | Sisters of St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex | Sisters of St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex | June 27, 2007 (#07000625) | 555 Albany Avenue 40°42′18″N 73°24′14″W﻿ / ﻿40.705°N 73.403889°W﻿ / 40.705; -73.403889﻿ (Sisters of St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex) | North Amityville | |
| 6 | Frank W. Smith House | Frank W. Smith House | September 24, 2010 (#10000797) | 43 Barberry Court 40°40′27″N 73°24′42″W﻿ / ﻿40.674167°N 73.411667°W﻿ / 40.674167; -73.411667﻿ (Frank W. Smith House) | Amityville | |
# Karren Karagulian

Karren Karagulian (Armenian: Կարեն Կարագուլյան: Karen Karagulyan; born 1969) is an Armenian-American actor.
He is known primarily for his collaborations with director Sean Baker, with whom he has worked since the early 1990s. In 2024, he was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Performance for his role in Anora.

## Career

Karagulian was born in Soviet Armenia. He left the Armenian SSR at 18 and served in the Soviet Army in Saint Petersburg. He later immigrated to New York City at 20, where he first met Sean Baker, who attended New York University at the time. In addition to starring in all of Baker’s films, Karagulian is also credited as a producer on Tangerine, explaining “for Tangerine, I helped find Armenian actors, wrote Armenian dialogue, translated, or wrote subtitles for the film.”
In 2024, Karagulian starred in Baker’s film Anora. Regarding the history of the film, Karagulian explained “we started actually writing a story together in 2009– it was like a buddy-buddy kind of story happening in Brighton Beach. And we were trying to get it made, but we couldn’t get it financed . . . a few years ago, he called me, and he said that he wrote this script that he wants me to read, and he sent me Anora. I was in awe at how well-written, how sharp a screenplay that was. I fell in love with it. And of course, we’ve been communicating always regarding names of characters, or some locations, or some Armenian dialog, or some Russian dialog.”
While Karagulian considered retirement from acting prior to Anora, the film’s success resulted in increased attention and rejuvenated his career.

## Selected filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes film or TV productions that have not yet been released |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Take Out | Chicken or beef | |
| 2008 | Prince of Broadway | Levon | |
| 2012 | Starlet | Arash | Also co-producer |
| 2015 | Tangerine | Razmik | |
| 2017 | The Florida Project | Narek | |
| 2021 | Red Rocket | Arash | |
| 2024 | Anora | Toros | Nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Performance |
| TBA | The Man with the Bag † | TBA | Filming |
# Egypt Allen

Egypt Tyrone Allen (born July 28, 1964) is a former American football safety who played one season for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).

## Early life

Allen grew up in Dallas, Texas and graduated from South Oak Cliff High School, where he starred as a defensive back on their football team.
Heavily recruited by colleges to play football, Allen matriculated at Texas Christian University in 1982, where he played three seasons as a defensive back.

## Controversy

In September of his senior year, Allen was one of 7 TCU players who publicly revealed that they had received cash in exchange for signing to play football with TCU. As soon as the payments were made public in September 1985, Allen and the other players were made ineligible to play (as per NCAA rules) and were removed from the team, though their scholarships were guaranteed through 1987. Allen and two other players sued the University in 1985, indicating that they had thought the payments were sanctioned by the University since one of the involved alumni, Richard Lowe, was a member of the TCU Board of Trustees, as well as a former TCU football player. Payments were also commonplace for blue chip athletes like Allen; Lowe later asserted that 29 TCU players were paid during the tenure of the TCU coach F.A. Dry who had recruited Allen.
Allen never again played a complete football season. In the context of the NCAA suspension, Allen declared for the NFL draft but was not drafted.

## Professional career

Allen was signed in the middle of the 1987 season by the Chicago Bears as a replacement player. While most replacement players were released after the 1987 NFL strike ended, Allen stayed. He played in a total of 6 games but was cut the following preseason.