OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wang Jie (Qing dynasty)

Wang Jie (Chinese: 王杰, 1725–1805), courtesy name Weiren (偉人), was a Chinese politician, scholar and calligrapher of the Qing dynasty. Born in Hancheng county in Shaanxi province, he was celebrated as "the most famous minister from Shaanxi".
Wang obtained the position of zhuangyuan (the jinshi who ranked first) in the imperial examination and was selected a xiuzhuan (修撰) of the Hanlin Academy in 1761. He had served as Secretary of Cabinet (內閣學士), Vice Minister of Justice (刑部侍郎), Junior Censor-in-Chief (右都御史), Minister of War (兵部尚書), and Grand Councillor. Since 1786 he was made the chief tutor of the Palace School (上書房總師傅) for imperial princes, including the later Jiaqing Emperor. He was appointed the Grand Secretary of the Eastern Library in charge of the Ministry of Rites. He had made an exceptional contribution in Pacification of Taiwan and Gorkha, thus his portrait was painted twice in the Hall of Military Merits, known as Ziguangge (紫光閣).
Wang was described as an upright man. Seo Yu-mun (서유문; 徐有聞), a Korean diplomat who had joined the Dongzhi Festival mission (동지사; 冬至使) to Qing China as a Seojanggwan (서장관, 書狀官, the third of the mission) in 1798, reported that "Heshen has been in power for decades. From the local government to the imperial court, almost every minister fawned over him. Wang Jie, Liu Yong, Dong Gao, Zhu Gui (朱珪), Ji Yun, Tiebao (鐵保), Yubao (玉保) and others are exceptions."

## Publications

* Pao-ch'un ko chi (葆淳閣集; 1815)
# Mexican fox squirrel

The Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis) is a species of tree squirrel found throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico as far south as Jalisco — and northward into the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, U.S.
This species, or its subspecies, is sometimes called the Nayarit, Apache, or Chiricahua fox squirrel. It has been evaluated as an IUCN Red List Least Concern species.

## Description
### Physical

The Mexican fox squirrel has a grizzled brown back with a yellow to rufous underside, and a charcoal tail frosted with white. Two molts occur each year; the winter pelage is more rufous and the scrotum is often ringed with white. Mass is approximately 700 grams (25 oz).

### Behavior

Mexican fox squirrels are diurnal, non-territorial, and do not hibernate during the winter months.

#### Food sources

The Mexican fox squirrel forages extensively on the ground and in the forest canopy for tree seeds, flowers, and fungi. Seeds from the cones from pine, Douglas fir, and true firs are extracted by removing individual cone scales. Acorns and walnuts are also eaten when available, along with a variety of other tree seeds, hypogeous and occasionally epigeous fungi, and insects. Mexican fox squirrels occasionally cache large seeds by scatter-hoarding them in leaf litter and topsoil.
The ecology of the Mexican fox squirrel has not been studied thoroughly, particularly outside the United States. Densities are often very low. Large raptors, canids, felids, procyonids and snakes are likely the major predators.
Mexican fox squirrels typically produce a single small litter of 1 or 2 young in late spring or summer. Mexican fox squirrels nest in ball-shaped dreys composed of sticks and leaves in trees; cavities within large trees are occasionally used, especially by nursing females. They are known to communally nest at times. Mexican fox squirrels are notably silent and appear to prefer to seek cover and remain motionless. If startled, they may bark and chuck from safe locations in trees.

## Habitat

Mexican fox squirrels are found in forests ranging from low elevation (~1,500 metres [ 4,900 ft ]) Madrean forests with a mixture of pine and oak to higher elevation mixed conifer forests < 2,700 metres [ 8,900 ft ]. Riparian areas with large cottonwoods and sycamores often harbor the highest densities. In the United States, the squirrel lives only in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona.
The Mexican fox squirrel inhabits forests that were historically maintained by frequent, low-severity fire, and uses areas with open understory and large trees that are typical of such forests.

## Subspecies

There are three subspecies:
* S. n. nayaritensis (Nayarit fox squirrel): southern portion of the distribution range. This is a smaller and more yellowish subspecies.
* S. n. apache (Apache fox squirrel): northern and central portion of the distribution range. This is a subspecies intermediate in size and color.
* S. n. chiricahuae (Chiricahua fox squirrel): an endemic subspecies of the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, U.S. Characterized as more reddish throughout.
# Notre-Dame-de-Boisset

Notre-Dame-de-Boisset (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
# Minin and Pozharsky

Minin and Pozharsky may refer to:

## Separately

* Kuzma Minin, (late 1570s–1616), Russian merchant
* Dmitry Pozharsky, (1577–1642), Russian prince

## Collectively

* Monument to Minin and Pozharsky, in Moscow
* Minin and Pozharsky Square, in Nizhny Novgorod
* Minin and Pozharsky (film), a 1939 film
# National Weather Service Northern Indiana

National Weather Service Northern Indiana (IWX) is a National Weather Service forecast office located between the towns of Syracuse and North Webster in Kosciusko County, Indiana. It provides weather and emergency information to twenty-four counties in northern Indiana, eight counties in northwest Ohio, and five counties in the southwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
Most counties served by this office are located within the Eastern Time Zone (ET); the exceptions are LaPorte, Pulaski, and Starke counties in Indiana, which are located within the Central Time Zone (CT).

## History

Prior to the establishment of the Northern Indiana office, the National Weather Service and its predecessor, the U.S. Weather Bureau, operated separate offices in Fort Wayne and South Bend. The Fort Wayne office was established in 1911 and the South Bend office in 1939. In March 1998, the National Weather Service merged the Fort Wayne and South Bend offices together to create the National Weather Service in Northern Indiana. The new office moved into its present facilities between Syracuse and North Webster in August 1999 and assumed full responsibility for its county warning area in September 1999.

## NOAA Weather Radio

The Northern Indiana office operates the following six NOAA Weather Radio transmitters to serve northern Indiana, northwest Ohio, southwestern Lower Michigan, and the southern portion of Lake Michigan.
| City of license | Call sign | Frequency (MHz) | Service area of transmitter |
| La Porte, Indiana | KJY62 | 162.500 MHz | Michigan City area, southern Lake Michigan |
| Angola, Indiana | KXI94 | 162.425 MHz | extreme northeast Indiana, extreme northwest Ohio, extreme south central Michigan |
| North Webster, Indiana | KZZ36 | 162.500 MHz | Warsaw area |
| Mishawaka, Indiana | WXJ57 | 162.400 MHz | South Bend area |
| Fort Wayne, Indiana | WXJ58 | 162.550 MHz | Fort Wayne area |
| Marion, Indiana | WXM98 | 162.450 MHz | Marion area |
The North Webster and Marion transmitters operate at 300 Watts; all other transmitters operate at 1000 Watts.
# French aviso D'Entrecasteaux (1931)

D'Entrecasteaux was an Bougainville-class aviso of the French Navy launched in 1931. The ship was designed to operate from French colonies in Asia and Africa. She was posted at Madagascar, under Vichy French control during World War II.
During Operation Ironclad D'Entrecasteaux fought against the entire British Fleet involved in the landing operations for 36 hours, before finally being damaged and beached. While the other French surface ship, the armed merchant cruiser MS Bougainville, was destroyed along with three submarines during the initial attacks, D'Entrecasteaux managed to dodge torpedoes and escape from the harbour at Diego Suarez.
The sloop managed to avoid damage from various bomb and torpedo attacks and continued to fight throughout the day. She escaped destruction because her shallow draft allowed her to see the torpedoes pass by underneath.
The British battleship HMS Ramillies fired a few salvoes at her with no effect. However, on 6 May 1942, she was finally damaged during another Swordfish attack. The ship started to slowly take on water and was beached before she could sink. An officer and 15 sailors were killed during the attacks.
# Merkenstraße station

Merkenstraße is a through station on the Hamburg U-Bahn line U2. The underground rapid transit station is located in the Hamburg district of Billstedt, Germany. Billstedt is part of the borough of Hamburg-Mitte.
The station was opened in 1970, and − until 1990 − was terminus station of line U3.

## Layout

Merkenstraße is located on Möllner Landstraße. The station has one island platform, with one entrance each on both ends of the platform.

## Service
### Trains

Merkenstraße U-Bahn station is served by Hamburg U-Bahn line U2; departures are every 10 minutes.
# Party in My Head

Party in My Head may refer to:
* Party in My Head (Miss Kittin & The Hacker song)
* Party in My Head (September song)
* Party in My Head, a song by Sophie Ellis-Bextor, from the album Shoot from the Hip
# Infrastructure bias

In economics and social policy, infrastructure bias is the influence of the location and availability of pre-existing infrastructure, such as roads and telecommunications facilities, on social and economic development.
In science, infrastructure bias is the influence of existing social or scientific infrastructure on scientific observations.
In astronomy and particle physics, where the availability of particular kinds of telescopes or particle accelerators acts as a constraint on the types of experiments that can be done, the data that can be retrieved is biased towards that which can be obtained by the equipment.
Procedural bias, related to infrastructure bias, is shown by a case of irregular genetic sampling of Bolivian wild potatoes. A 2000 report of previous studies' sampling found that 60% of samples had been taken near towns or roads, where 22% would be the average, had the samples been taken at random (or from equidistant points, or at specifically varying distances from towns, representative of the average terrain density).
# Nafissatou Dia Diouf

Nafissatou Dia Diouf (born September 11, 1973 in Dakar) is a Senegalese writer in French.
Her father was a diplomat and her mother was a teacher. She attended the Michel de Montaigne University Bordeaux 3, where she studied Applied Foreign Languages in International Commerce, Marketing and Commercial Law, Business and Commerce. She has also completed postgraduate studies in Industrial Logistics. Five years later, she came back to Senegal.

## Prizes

* Young French-speaking writer Award, France, 1999
* Francomania Award, Canada, 2000
* Foundation Senghor Award, Senegal, 2000

## Works

* 2001 : Retour d'un si long exil
* 2003 : Primeur, poèmes de jeunesse
* 2004 : Le Fabuleux Tour du monde de Raby
* 2005 : Je découvre l'ordinateur
* 2005 : Cytor & Tic Tic naviguent sur la toile
* 2008 : Les petits chercheurs
* 2010 : Cirque de Missira et autres nouvelles
# Nafissatou

Nafissatou is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Nafissatou Dia Diouf (born 1973), Senegalese writer in French
* Nafissatou Diallo, maid at the centre of the New York v. Strauss-Kahn case
* Nafissatou Moussa Adamou (born 1997), Nigerian swimmer
* Nafissatou Niang Diallo (1941–1982), Senegalese writer
* Nafissatou Thiam (born 1994), Belgian track and field athlete
# Nahanni Butte

Nahanni Butte (/nəˈhæni/ nə-HAN-ee; Slavey language: Tthenáágó "strong rock") is a "Designated Authority" in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community is located at the confluence of the Liard and South Nahanni Rivers in the southwestern part of the NWT.
Although it was not normally accessible by road, a winter road was constructed yearly until an all-season road was completed in October 2010 as far as the Liard River. Access from there is by river taxi in summer and ice road in winter; there are no plans for a vehicle ferry.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1996 | 75 | — |
| 1997 | 75 | +0.0% |
| 1998 | 82 | +9.3% |
| 1999 | 105 | +28.0% |
| 2000 | 107 | +1.9% |
| 2001 | 111 | +3.7% |
| 2002 | 115 | +3.6% |
| 2003 | 110 | −4.3% |
| 2004 | 110 | +0.0% |
| 2005 | 115 | +4.5% |
| 2006 | 118 | +2.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2007 | 116 | −1.7% |
| 2008 | 113 | −2.6% |
| 2009 | 110 | −2.7% |
| 2010 | 109 | −0.9% |
| 2011 | 103 | −5.5% |
| 2012 | 98 | −4.9% |
| 2013 | 97 | −1.0% |
| 2014 | 94 | −3.1% |
| 2015 | 92 | −2.1% |
| 2016 | 93 | +1.1% |
| 2017 | 97 | +4.3% |
Sources: NWT Bureau of Statistics (2001 - 2017) :
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Nahanni Butte had a population of 81 living in 33 of its 39 total private dwellings, a change of -6.9% from its 2016 population of 87. With a land area of 79.42 km$^2$ (30.66 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.0/km$^2$ (2.6/sq mi) in 2021.
In 2016, there were 80 First Nations people and 40 people speak a Slavey language.

## First Nations

The Dene of the community are represented by the Nahɂą Dehé Dene Band and belong to the Dehcho First Nations.
# Window Cleaner

Window Cleaner or variation may refer to:
* Window cleaner or window washer, a person who cleans windows
* Hard-surface cleaner, a class of product used to clean windows
* The Window Cleaner (song), a British comedic song by George Formby, first performed in 1936
* The Window Cleaner (film), a 1968 British short film
* Window Cleaners (film), a 1940 Donald Duck animated short film by Disney
# Norman Yoffee

Norman Yoffee (25 May 1944) is a senior fellow of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University. He was previously professor in the Department of Near Eastern Studies and the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. Yoffee is the editor of The Cambridge world history volume 3: Early cities in comparative perspective, 4000 BCE–1200 CE.

## Selected publications

* The collapse of ancient states and civilizations. University of Arizona Press, 1988. (Edited by George L. Cowgill) ISBN 978-0816510498
* Archaeological theory: Who sets the agenda? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993. (New Directions in Archaeology) (Editor with Andrew Sherratt) ISBN 978-0521440141
* Early stages in the evolution of Mesopotamian civilization: Soviet excavations in northern Iraq. University of Arizona Press, 1994.
* Myths of the archaic state: Evolution of the earliest cities, states, and civilizations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005. ISBN 978-0521818377
* Excavating Asian history: Interdisciplinary studies in archaeology and history. University of Arizona Press, 2006. (Edited with Bradley L. Crowell) ISBN 978-0816524181
* Negotiating the past in the past: Identity, memory, and landscape in archaeological research. University of Arizona Press, 2008. (Editor) ISBN 978-0816526703
* Questioning collapse: Human resilience, ecological vulnerability, and the aftermath of empire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009. (edited with Patricia McAnany)
* The Cambridge world history volume 3: Early cities in comparative perspective, 4000 BCE–1200 CE. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015. (Editor) ISBN 9780521190084
# Naimon

Naimon, Duke of Bavaria, also called Naimes, Naime, Naymon, Namo, and Namus, is a character of the Matter of France stories concerning Charlemagne and his paladins, and appears in Old French chansons de geste (like The Song of Roland) and Italian romance epics. He is traditionally Charlemagne's wisest and most trusted advisor.
In the Song of Roland, Naimon supports Ganelon's proposal to make peace with King Marsile. He does not suspect Ganelon's treachery. Later, he organizes the divisions of Charlemagne's army and participates in the battle against Baligant.
In Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne he is included among the Twelve Peers.
In later romances he is given a son, Sir Bertram.
In Orlando Furioso he appears at the beginning of the story, holding Angelica captive.
Naimon's character may be summarized thus:
   This same Naimon, the traditional adviser of the king, this medieval Nestor, this uncompromising advocate of Right against Might, is the most unchanging figure among the heroes. He is the embodiment of good sense, moderation and justice.
# Naegle

Naegle is a surname. It is similar to Neagle.

## List of people with the surname

* Stephen Howard Naegle (born 1938), American painter
* Sue Naegle, American business executive
* Walter Naegle (born 1949), American civil rights and LGBT activist

### Fictional characters

* Lindsay Naegle, in The Simpsons
# NSW Minerals Council

The NSW Minerals Council is a lobbying body created by the large mining companies operating in New South Wales. Its main purpose is to forward the economic interests of those companies and related industries by lobbying politicians and the public.

## Campaigns

The Minerals Council, headed by CEO Stephen Galilee, has run a number of campaigns recently highlighting, in their opinion the social and economic benefits conveyed on the Hunter Valley by the mining industry, especially the coal mining industry, in the face of campaigning by locals, farmers and environmentalists, concerned about mining's impacts food & water supply, coal dust health impacts, the destruction of natural heritage and coals impact on global warming. These include the frog ads found in a number of newspapers in NSW, and the current campaign entitled "Life. Brought to you by Mining".
The "Life..." campaign is also supported by Centennial Coal and the mining arm of the CFMEU
# Nancy Lange

Nancy Ann Lange Kuczynski (born January 20, 1954) is an American investment and marketing professional and Peruvian resident. She served as the First Lady of Peru from 2016 to 2018 as the wife of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.

## Life and work

Lange is from the town of Rock Springs, Wisconsin and was born in nearby Baraboo, Wisconsin in 1954. She has three siblings - one sister and two brothers. She is not the cousin of American actress Jessica Lange, although this has been widely reported in the media. Lange studied political science and international relations at the University of Wisconsin. She then received her Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the School of Business at the University of Wisconsin. Following the completion of her MBA, Lange lived and worked abroad in Japan and other countries.
Lange married Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, an economist and politician, in 1996. The couple have one daughter together, Suzanne, who graduated in biology from Princeton University.
During the 2016 Peruvian general election, Lange played an essential role in her husband's campaign as an advisor and organizer. She traveled extensively to campaign on his behalf. Lange created "Chambeando por el Perú", which promoted a series of social reforms in remote areas of the country.

## First Lady of Peru

Nancy Lange became First Lady of Peru on July 28, 2016.
One of Lange's first public events as first lady was the march protesting violence against women known as "Ni una menos." She has extensively promoted firemen's efforts in Lima, as well other education and health initiatives across the country.
# Nagant

Nagant may refer to:
* Fabrique d'armes Émile et Léon Nagant, defunct Belgian manufacturer of firearms and cars (1859-1931)
** Mosin–Nagant, bolt-action infantry rifle
** Nagant M1895, 7-shot gas-seal revolver
*** Nagant wz. 30, Polish-made derivative of the M1895 revolver
** 7.62×38mmR, proprietary gas-seal ammunition designed for the M1895 revolver
** 7.5mm 1882 Ordnance, 7.5mm cartridge designed for the Swiss military
* Lady Nagant, a character in the manga series My Hero Academia
# Nancy Wood (journalist)

Nancy Wood is a Canadian journalist with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), where she hosts CBC Television's nightly newscast CBC Montreal News at 11.
She is a 1985 graduate of Concordia University.
She began her career in 1985 as a staff reporter with the Montreal Gazette and went on to the Toronto Star and then to the Ottawa bureau of Maclean's magazine, before moving to Montreal in 1994 to work for the CBC.
In 1994, she joined CBC Radio, hosting CBM's local programs Radio Noon, Quebec's sole, English-language, province-wide radio talk show, in 1995. She became host of the CBC early morning show Daybreak in 2009. Later she worked on Radio-Canada's Enquête, where she investigated air taxi safety, the Montreal Casino, and the Canadian Armed Forces. In 2006 Montreal Gazette journalist Mike Boone reported that Wood had turned down a journalism job in Toronto to remain in Montreal as the CBC National's Quebec reporter because she felt that remaining in one place was a more stable way to bring up her school-age children.
Wood was hired as host of the popular Canadian Broadcasting Corporation early morning Montreal program Daybreak Montreal in 2009. Her dismissal in 2010 was the subject of some controversy in Montreal.
In 2012 she became a news anchor on CBMT-DT.
# Nakimu Caves

The Nakimu Caves are a cave system located in Glacier National Park in British Columbia, Canada. The caves run for six kilometres in the central region of the park. The name means "grumbling spirits" in the Shuswap language. They were formed by the action of Cougar Brook on a soluble limestone strata. The access is through Balu Pass.
The caves were discovered in 1902 by D. Woolsey and W. Scott. They were more thoroughly explored in 1904 by Revelstoke resident Charles Deutchmann, and were called both Cheop's Caves and Deutchmann Caves before being called Nakimu. Deutchmann signed a contract with Parks Canada to operate tours in the caves. A teahouse was constructed near the cave mouth and a road was built from the Illecillewaet River valley. During the heyday of Glacier House in the early 1900s, Deutchmann constructed a series of wooden stairs and boardwalks and the caves were visited heavily by tourists. The natural features were significantly damaged by human contact during the period. The Nakimu Caves had for a period what was considered the only true "show" cave among the Canadian national parks, although this section was closed in 1935 because of decreased tourist attendance. Parks removed the remnants of Deutchmann's construction, and closed the caves completely to all but experienced cavers with permits.
The caves consist of marbloid rocks from the Cambrian period, many of which exhibit scalloping patterns. The cave contains cauliflower-shaped agglomerations of a substance called moonmilk; this is a precipitate of calcium carbonate and bacteria.
# Nakijin Chōyō

Nakijin Aji Chōyō (今帰仁 按司 朝容, 1582 – 1609) was a Ryukyuan lord (Aji) of Nakijin Castle. He was also known by his Chinese style name, Shō Kokushi (向 克祉).
Nakijin Chōyō was the second son of Nakijin Chōton (今帰仁 朝敦). After his elder brother Nakijin Chōkō (今帰仁 朝效) died without heir, he succeeded Warden of Hokuzan (北山監守, Hokuzan Kanshu) in 1596.
In the spring of 1609, Satsuma invaded Ryukyu. Satsuma troops landed in Kōri-jima (古宇利島) and Unten Port (運天港), then attacked Nakijin Castle. Soon the castle was captured, and Nakijin Chōyō was killed in the battle.
# Grubel–Lloyd index

The Grubel–Lloyd index measures intra-industry trade of a particular product. It was introduced by Herb Grubel and Peter Lloyd in 1971.
$GL_{i}={\dfrac {(X_{i}+M_{i})-\left|X_{i}-M_{i}\right|}{X_{i}+M_{i}}}=1-{\dfrac {\left|X_{i}-M_{i}\right|}{X_{i}+M_{i}}}\qquad ;\ 0\leq GL_{i}\leq 1$
where X$_i$ denotes the export, M$_i$ the import of good i.
If GL$_i$ = 1, there is a good level of intra-industry trade. This means for example the Country in consideration Exports the same quantity of good i as much as it Imports. Conversely, if GL$_i$ = 0, there is no intra-industry trade at all. This would mean that the Country in consideration only either Exports or only Imports good i.