OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Northern Electric Railway—Marysville and Colusa Branch

The Northern Electric Railway—Marysville and Colusa Branch was an interurban branch railroad which ran from a junction with the Northern Electric Railway mainline near Yuba City (Colusa Junction) then west for 22.39 miles (36.03 km) to Colusa. The company was incorporated on June 6, 1910. Construction of the branch commenced in December 1911 and was completed on June 13, 1913. The Northern Electric Railway—Marysville and Colusa Branch operated under lease to the Northern Electric Railway.
On June 30, 1918, the Northern Electric Railway was sold to the Sacramento Northern Railroad, which would later become the Sacramento Northern Railway. Passenger service along the Colusa Branch ended on October 31, 1940.

## Route

* Colusa Junction (with Northern Electric's Chico-Sacramento mainline)
* Sutter
* Tarke
* Meridian
* Colusa
Tracks in Colusa ran along Market Street.
The track between Tarke and Colusa was abandoned prior to 1974. The branch was later known as the Tarke Branch. Abandonment of the Tarke Branch was applied for in the early 1980s by Sacramento Northern's parent, Western Pacific Railroad. The track was eventually abandoned between Sutter and Tarke. In 2007, Western Pacific's successor, the Union Pacific Railroad, abandoned the remainder of the branch west of Colusa Junction as part of the abandonment of all former SN lines in Yuba City. Portions of the roadbed east of the grade crossing on Acacia Avenue in Sutter have been converted to a mixed-use bicycle/walking trail.
This should not be confused with the Colusa and Lake Railroad line which ran between Colusa and Colusa Junction, present day Lurline Avenue. This Colusa Junction is west of Colusa at Old Highway 99 and Lurline Avenue.
# Woodlands, Glasgow

Woodlands is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. Situated on the north-west edge of the city centre, Woodlands is located within Glasgow's fashionable West End, east of Hillhead, south of Woodside, north of the Park District and Kelvingrove Park, and west of Charing Cross and Garnethill.
Woodlands has a substantial population of residents of Pakistani and Indian heritage, as well as a large number of students. The area is in the vicinity of the University of Glasgow and Glasgow School of Art. The housing stock mostly consists of 19th century terraces, townhouses, and blonde and red sandstone tenement housing, with modern redevelopment which is also predominantly in the tenement style.

## History

The area of flat land on the east bank of the River Kelvin was used as an industrial area. From at least the early 1600s, the site was the location of a watermill which processed grain. In 1790, William Gillespie constructed Glasgow's first and only water driven cotton mill, with bleach and print fields also located in the vicinity. As part of the Blythswood Estate, Woodlands was officially incorporated into the city of Glasgow in 1830.
In 2021, Woodlands was the location of the Murder of Esther Brown.

## Points of interest

Woodlands is home to the Arlington Baths Club. The club is located on Arlington Street. Burnbank Park, which was situated on what is now Barrington Drive, was the home of the Caledonian Cricket Club, and was the home ground of Rangers F.C. from September 1875 to March 1876.
49 West Princes Street was the home of Marion Gilchrist, the victim in the famous Oscar Slater case.
There is a statue erected in the memory of Bud Neill on the corner of Woodlands Road and Woodlands Gate.

## Public transport

Public transport includes Kelvinbridge and St George's Cross Subway stations, located respectively at the western and eastern extremes of the district, as well as numerous bus routes along Great Western and Woodlands Roads.
# Grzybów, Końskie County

Grzybów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stąporków, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) west of Stąporków, 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Końskie, and 31 km (19 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.
# Nancy K. Stanton

Nancy Kahn Stanton is a professor emeritus of mathematics at University of Notre Dame. She is known for her research in complex analysis, partial differential equations, and differential geometry.

## Career

Stanton received her Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973 under Isadore Singer. Stanton now works at University of Notre Dame.

## Awards and honors

In 1981, Stanton became a Sloan Research Fellow.
In 2012, Stanton became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected publications

* Stanton, Nancy K. Infinitesimal CR automorphisms of real hypersurfaces. Amer. J. Math. 118 (1996), no. 1, 209–233.
* Beals, Richard; Greiner, Peter C.; Stanton, Nancy K. The heat equation on a CR manifold. J. Differential Geom. 20 (1984), no. 2, 343–387.
* Stanton, Nancy K. Infinitesimal CR automorphisms of rigid hypersurfaces. Amer. J. Math. 117 (1995), no. 1, 141–167.
* Pinsky, Mark A.; Stanton, Nancy K.; Trapa, Peter E. Fourier series of radial functions in several variables. J. Funct. Anal. 116 (1993), no. 1, 111–132.
# North Carolina v. Mann

North Carolina v. Mann, 13 N.C. 263 (N.C. 1830) (or State v. Mann, as it would have been identified within North Carolina), is a decision in which the Supreme Court of North Carolina ruled that slave owners had absolute authority over their slaves and could not be found guilty of committing violence against them.

## Background

Elizabeth Jones owned a slave named Lydia and she hired her out for work to John Mann of Chowan County. Mann shot and wounded Lydia when she tried to escape a lashing. Mann was found guilty of battery by a jury of twelve white men drawn from his town and the court (Superior Court Judge Joseph J. Daniel) assessed a five-dollar fine. The North Carolina Supreme Court overruled the conviction on the grounds that slaves were the absolute property of their owners who could not be punished at common law unless the legislature authorized such punishment.

## Decision

The judgment of the state supreme court was written by Judge Thomas Ruffin, who stated that "the power of the master must be absolute, to render the submission of the slave perfect", but said that slaves should have legal right of protection from persons other than their owners. Ruffin, however, made it clear that his opinion was a legal one, and that his sympathy lay with Lydia. He wrote that "the struggle, too, in the Judge's own breast between the feelings of the man, and the duty of the magistrate is a severe one, presenting strong temptation to put aside such questions, if it be possible. It is useless however, to argue of things inherent in our political state. And it is criminal in a court to avoid any responsibility which the laws impose". Harriet Beecher Stowe cited State v. Mann as a source for her depiction of slavery in her novel Dred.

## Comparisons

The decision has been contrasted with the British first instance decision in 1811, R v Arthur Hodge. In that case, on a charge of murdering one of his slaves, the defendant argued that an owner had absolute power over their slave to do as they will. The defense was rejected and Hodge was hanged for the murder.
The decision is also contrasted with a later North Carolina Supreme Court decision that granted slaves a limited right of self-defense against slave owners and overseers: State v. Negro Will in 1834. In that case, Judge William Gaston, writing for the court, found that a slave acting in self-defense who killed his overseer could not be found guilty of first-degree murder but at most of manslaughter.
# Narasimhaiah

Narasimhaiah is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* C. D. Narasimhaiah or Closepet Dasappa Narasimhaiah (1921–2005), Indian writer, literary critic and principal
* Hosur Narasimhaiah (1920–2005), Indian physicist, educator, writer
# Winter of Artifice

Winter of Artifice, published in 1939, is Anaïs Nin's second published book, containing subsequently alternating novelettes.

## 1939 Edition

The original edition was published in Paris and identified as The Winter of Artifice, though originally titled "Alraune" in her manuscripts. She wrote this novel simultaneously as the book depicting her incestuous relationship with her father, called at the time "The Double". This Paris version contained three novelettes: "Djuna", a story that was never again reprinted; "Lilith", whose title was changed to "Winter of Artifice" in future editions; and "The Voice", whose title remained the same but whose content was heavily revised over future editions.
"Djuna" is said to be a fictionalized version (what she referred to as 'caricatured') of the story eventually told in the portion of Nin's diary later published as Henry and June.
Most copies of this edition were lost at the time of the death of its publisher and the beginning of World War II.

## 1942 Edition

500 copies, hand printed by Anais and her lover Gonzalo Moré (as Gemor Press), with engravings by her husband Ian Hugo (Hugh or Hugo Guiler). It contained two stories: "Lilith", retitled "Winter of Artifice" and "The Voice".

## 1945 Edition

The two "Father" sections, "Stella" and "Winter of Artifice" show how her own father, though successful as a musician, was "a failure as a human being" and the source of much of the chaos in Anaïs's life. She resented critics calling it autobiographical, but changing the names hardly helped. One has only one father. Most of it is taken from the Incest and Fire sections of her diaries and polished.
Stella's exterior resembles the description of Anaïs's friend Luise Rainer in the Published Diaries. The plot is that because she had lost trust in love when her father left her family and because echoes of her love for her father clung to her, she avoided pain by choosing a superficial relationship with a Don Juan like her father. The events of Stella's love life are not from the Diaries, but most of the father's effects on Stella's personality are.
The third section, “The Voice”, is written in the form of a Surrealistic caricature of a Psychoanalytic practice in New York City. Anaïs had been in psychoanalysis two or three times, had briefly studied and practiced psychoanalysis and had love affairs with two of her psychoanalysts, at the time this was published. In addition to the Voice (a psychoanalyst), the main characters are Djuna and Lilith.
The cover drawings and illustrations are engravings by Ian Hugo, the artist name of Anaïs's (first) husband Hugh Parker Guiler.
# Nardus

Nardus is a genus of plants belonging to the grass family, containing the single species Nardus stricta, known as matgrass. It is placed in its own tribe Nardeae within the subfamily Pooideae. The name derives from ancient Greek nardos (νάρδος) from the earlier Akkadian lardu. It is not to be confused with spikenard, Nardostachys jatamansi.

## Distribution and ecology

Nardus stricta is native to Eurasia (from Iceland and the Azores to Mongolia), North Africa (Algeria, Morocco), and northeastern North America (Greenland, eastern Canada, and the northeastern United States).
Nardus stricta occurs on heath, moorland, hills, and mountains on nutrient poor acidic sandy to peaty soils and is strongly calcifuge, avoiding calcareous soils. It can occur from low elevations to over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), becoming a community-dominant in late snow patches on mountains. Nardus stricta may also become a dominant species in habitats grazed by cattle or sheep because it is tough and unpalatable.
It flowers from June until August. Apomixis is found to be common in this plant, with extensive colonies often proving to be a single clone.

## Description

Culms are erect and 25–60 centimetres (10–20 in) long, with grey-green leaf-blades filiform and involute, ranging from 4–30 cm (2–10 in) long by 0.5–1 millimetre (0.02–0.04 in) wide, i.e. bristle like. The ligules of basal leaves are 0.4–0.8 mm (0.02–0.03 in) long and blunt, while those of culm leaves are longer, up to 2 mm (0.08 in), and more pointed.
The roots and shoots are very closely packed together at the base of the plant producing a white, tough, highly reflective feature. The spikelets are very slender and loosely overlapping in two rows each side of the spikelet axis. Each lemma is tipped with a short awn.
# Grimsta Nature Reserve

Grimsta Nature Reserve (or Grimstaskogen), is a nature reserve in Västerort, in the municipality of Stockholm, Sweden. Grimsta Nature Reserve is surrounded by Södra Ängby, Blackeberg, Grimsta, Hässelby and Lake Mälaren. It is located in the parish of Spånga in Uppland (Stockholm County).

## Description

The reserve was established in 2004 and covers approximately 320 hectares. Grimsta Nature Reserve extends along Lake Mälaren from Tyska botten in the south to the Hässelby strand in the north. Råckstaträsk lake and the Mälaren island Hässelby holme are included in the reserve. The reserve includes several boating and canoeing clubs, Kanaanbadet, Kvarnviken's mill, and the shoreline areas of Blackebergsbacken and Blackeberg Hospital. Along Lake Mälaren, there is a footpath with extensive views of the water. There are wide rocky areas with pine forests, hilly coniferous forests, and biologically interesting noble and moist deciduous forests. Within the reserve, there are electric light trails and bridle paths.

## Purpose

The purpose of Grimsta Nature Reserve is to preserve and develop the area's natural, cultural and recreational qualities for the future and to contribute to safeguarding Stockholm's biodiversity.

## Stockholm Bypass

The Stockholm Bypass is planned to go under Grimstaskogen forest near Kanaanbadet, and a non-profit organisation called Arbetsgruppen Rädda Grimstaskogen is working to stop this or reduce environmental degradation. As the plans for the Stockholm Bypass originally stood, a 6-lane motorway bridge over Lambarfjärden was supposed to dive into a tunnel just above the beach between Kanaanbadet and Maltesholmsbadet, but this has been stopped. In 2010, the Stockholm Bypass was planned to go in a tunnel under Lambarfjärden as well, and therefore there will be no motorway bridge and no bridge abutment in the nature reserve.

## Gallery

* The walking path by Lake Mälaren.
* Kvarnviken mill.
* The pine forest.
* Marsh.
* Winter time.
* The cowslips bloom in Grimsta juniper hill, in the northern part of the reserve.
# Grimstad, Østfold

Grimstad is a village in Råde municipality, Norway. Since 2002 it has been considered a part of the Ryggebyen urban area.
# Worshipful Company of Bowyers

The Worshipful Company of Bowyers is one of the livery companies of the City of London.
Originally, bowyers (longbow-makers) and fletchers (arrow-makers) composed one organisation. However, in 1371, the fletchers petitioned the lord mayor to divide into their own company, the Worshipful Company of Fletchers. Demarcation disputes arose between the two over supervision until 1429, when a City ordinance defined their respective spheres. It was not until the late 1480s that the bowyers acquired a coat of arms and a set of coherent written ordinances.
The actual trade of the bowyers still survives. Although originally made for use in war and hunting, there is now some demand for longbows used in target archery. There are several practising bowyers in the membership of the company and it maintains a great interest in the craft. The bowyers are also involved in the sport of archery and give awards and medals each year at the Royal Toxophilite Society and school competitions.
The Bowyers' Company mostly exists as a charitable institution, as do a majority of the 111 livery companies, with a focus on giving to charities where it can make some difference. HMS Northumberland is affiliated to it. The Bowyers rank 38th in the order of precedence of the companies, immediately above the Worshipful Company of Fletchers. Uniquely, among all the city's livery companies, companies without livery and guilds, it is the only company with a two-year officer and mastership cycle going back to at least 1488.
The company motto is Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt, a reference to the Battle of Crécy, the Battle of Poitiers, and the Battle of Agincourt, all battles between medieval England and France in the Hundred Years' War in which longbows and English longbows were used to great effect by English and Welsh archers, before artillery took over towards the end of the war. The coat of arms contains three flotes, tools traditionally used for smoothing and shaping wood.
# Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects

The Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects is the 98th Livery Company of the City of London. The company was established in 1984, was granted Livery status in 1988 and received a Royal Charter in 2019. The Company promotes quality architecture in the City of London through education as well as its awards programmes.
Its annual New City Architecture Award is given to the building which is deemed to make the most significant contribution to the streetscape and skyline of the City of London in the qualifying period. It also supports architectural scholarship by awarding an annual student travel award, student drawing prizes and prizes for art at the four City of London schools. It also supports a range of other charities which are related to the city.
Since 2012, Chartered Architects have had links with the Orpington Sea Cadets, officially known as Training Ship Whirlwind.
The Company ranks ninety-eighth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies, its motto is Firmnesse, Commodite, Delyte (from a saying, attributed to ancient Roman architect Vitruvius), and its Church is St Lawrence Jewry.

## Notable people

* Michael West, founding member who was elected master for 2001–2002
* Michael Welbeck, architect and town planner and former master of the company
# Guilherme Santos

Guilherme Santos may refer to:
* Guilherme Santos (footballer, born 1988), Brazilian football leftback
* Guilherme Santos (footballer, born 2001), Brazilian football winger
# United States Industrial Alcohol Company

United States Industrial Alcohol Company was an alcohol distiller in the United States. Charles Edward Adams, was chairman of the board. In 1919, they were held responsible for the Boston Molasses Disaster, through their subsidiary, the Purity Distilling Company. 125 lawsuits were filed against the company in the aftermath.
# Narrowband ISDN

N-ISDN (Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network) was an attempt to replace the analog telephone system with a digital one. Unfortunately, the standardization process was too long and regarding to the technology progress in this area, once the standard was finally agreed, it was obsolete.
It generally uses 64 kbit/s channel as the basic unit of switching. It has a circuit switching orientation. Its major contribution was Frame Relay. It describes telecommunication that carries voice information in a narrow band of frequencies.
N-ISDN basic rate is too low so for home as for business today. N-ISDN may be partly saved, but by an unexpected application: Internet access. Various companies now sell ISDN adapters that combine the 2B + D channels into a single 144 kbit/s digital channel. Many Internet providers also support these adapters. So the people can access the Internet over a 144 kbit/s digital link, instead of a 28.8 kbit/s analog modem link and for affordable price that may be a niche for N-ISDN for the next few years.
N-ISDN is also known as Normal-ISDN.
Narrowband refers to data communication and telecommunications tools, technologies and services that utilize a narrower set or band of frequencies in the communication channel. These utilize the channel frequency that is considered flat or which will use a lesser number of frequency sets.
Narrowband is typically implemented in telecommunication technologies to carry voice data on a limited number of frequency sets. The size of the message sent via a narrowband technique utilizes lesser bandwidth than the cumulative bandwidth of the underlying channel.
Narrowband is also used in sending audio spectrums that consume a restricted range of frequencies. The US FCC has allocated a specific range of frequency for mobile radio services based on narrowband that spans from 50cps to 64 kbit/s.
# Halla (name)

Halla is a feminine given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name
### First name

* Halla Margrét Árnadóttir (born 1964), Icelandic singer
* Halla Bouksani (born 2000), Algerian badminton player
* Halla Diyab, Libyan-born British screenwriter
* Halla Gunnarsdóttir (born 1981), Icelandic politician and journalist
* Halla Pai Huhm (1922–1994), Korean American dancer
* Halla Mohieddeen (born 1979), Lebanese British journalist and television presenter
* Halla Tómasdóttir (born 1968), president of Iceland since 2024
* Halla Vilhjálmsdóttir (born 1982), Icelandic actress and singer

### Middle name

* Arndís Halla Ásgeirsdóttir (born 1969), Icelandic opera singer
* Freydís Halla Einarsdóttir (born 1994), Icelandic ski racer

## Surname

* John Halla (1884–1947), American baseball player
* Joseph Halla (1814–1887), Czech Austrian physician
* Martin Halla (born 1988), Norwegian singer
* Paul Halla (1931–2005), Austrian football player
# Whitford Lodge

The Whitford Lodge is a historic building located in Exton in West Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Politician and soldier Richard Thomas constructed the lodge in 1782. It is one of three surviving historic residences constructed by Thomas in West Whiteland Township, the others being Whitford Hall and Ivy Cottage.
It is in the Whiteland Towne Center where it was once an old inn that once sat next to the Exton Diner at the site of the Exton Drive In Theater. It once housed a branch of the Hudson United Bank which became TD Bank. According to another source, the building was built in 1788 where travelers would read a sign that said "Whitford Lodge - Team Room." The lodge was originally built along a rural stretch of U.S. Route 30 (now U.S. Route 30 Business), also known as the Lincoln Highway.
# Nezpercius

Nezpercius is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian.
# Monari

* Michela Monari, Italian female volleyball player
* Pellegrino Monari, Italian painter
* 10722 Monari, a minor planet
* Harkaleh-ye Monari, village in Sadat Rural District, in the Central District of Lali County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Monari Wakita, past member of girl group Especia
# Monark 540

The Monark 540 is a 5.40-metre (17.7 ft) sailboat. It has four beds and a small kitchen under one of the beds.

## History

The Monark 540 was designed by Pelle Petterson for Monark in 1972.
# Molorchini

Molorchini is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, containing the following genera:
* Genus Afromolorchus Tippmann, 1959
* Genus Anencyrus Sharp, 1886
** Anencyrus discedens Sharp, 1886
* Genus Anomoderus Fairmaire, 1871
* Genus Berndgerdia Holzschuh, 1982
* Genus Brachaciptera Lea, 1917
* Genus Buddhapania Niisato, 2015
* Genus Epania Pascoe, 1858
* Genus Gastrosarus Bates, 1874
** Gastrosarus lautus Broun, 1893
** Gastrosarus nigricollis Bates, 1874
** Gastrosarus picticornis Broun, 1893
** Gastrosarus urbanus Broun, 1893
* Genus Laopania Holzschuh, 2010
* Genus Leptepania Heller, 1924
* Genus Malayanomolorchus Hayashi, 1979
* Genus Mecynopus Erichson, 1842
* Genus Merionoedina Villiers, 1968
* Genus Merionoedopsis Gounelle, 1911
** Merionoedopsis aeneiventris Gounelle, 1911
** Merionoedopsis brevipennis Melzer, 1934
* Genus Molochrus Heller, 1924
* Genus Molorchoepania Pic, 1949
* Genus Molorchus Fabricius, 1793 Selected species:
** Molorchus bimaculatus Say, 1824
** Molorchus eburneus Linsley, 1931
** Molorchus longicollis LeConte, 1873
** Molorchus umbellatarum (Schreber, 1759)
* Genus Nadezhdiana Cherepanov, 1976
* Genus Nephithea Pascoe, 1867
* Genus Paranomoderus Breuning, 1954
* Genus Tsujius Ikeda, 2001
# Molopostola

Molopostola is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

* Molopostola calumnias Meyrick, 1926
* Molopostola rufitecta Meyrick, 1920
# Gerbrand Bakker

Gerbrand Bakker may refer to:
* Gerbrand Bakker (physician) (1771–1828), Dutch physician and professor
* Gerbrand Bakker (novelist) (born 1962), Dutch writer