OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Van Houtum distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Van Houtum distribution is a discrete probability distribution named after prof. Geert-Jan van Houtum. It can be characterized by saying that all values of a finite set of possible values are equally probable, except for the smallest and largest element of this set. Since the Van Houtum distribution is a generalization of the discrete uniform distribution, i.e. it is uniform except possibly at its boundaries, it is sometimes also referred to as quasi-uniform.
It is regularly the case that the only available information concerning some discrete random variable are its first two moments. The Van Houtum distribution can be used to fit a distribution with finite support on these moments.
A simple example of the Van Houtum distribution arises when throwing a loaded dice which has been tampered with to land on a 6 twice as often as on a 1. The possible values of the sample space are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Each time the die is thrown, the probability of throwing a 2, 3, 4 or 5 is 1/6; the probability of a 1 is 1/9 and the probability of throwing a 6 is 2/9.

## Probability mass function

A random variable U has a Van Houtum (a, b, p$_a$, p$_b$) distribution if its probability mass function is
    $\Pr(U=u)={\begin{cases}p_{a}&{\text{if }}u=a;\\[8pt]p_{b}&{\text{if }}u=b\\[8pt]{\dfrac {1-p_{a}-p_{b}}{b-a-1}}&{\text{if }}a<u<b\\[8pt]0&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}$

## Fitting procedure

Suppose a random variable $X$ has mean $\mu$ and squared coefficient of variation $c^{2}$. Let $U$ be a Van Houtum distributed random variable. Then the first two moments of $U$ match the first two moments of $X$ if $a$, $b$, $p_{a}$ and $p_{b}$ are chosen such that:
    ${\begin{aligned}a&=\left\lceil \mu -{\frac {1}{2}}\left\lceil {\sqrt {1+12c^{2}\mu ^{2}}}\right\rceil \right\rceil \\[8pt]b&=\left\lfloor \mu +{\frac {1}{2}}\left\lceil {\sqrt {1+12c^{2}\mu ^{2}}}\right\rceil \right\rfloor \\[8pt]p_{b}&={\frac {(c^{2}+1)\mu ^{2}-A-(a^{2}-A)(2\mu -a-b)/(a-b)}{a^{2}+b^{2}-2A}}\\[8pt]p_{a}&={\frac {2\mu -a-b}{a-b}}+p_{b}\\[12pt]{\text{where }}A&={\frac {2a^{2}+a+2ab-b+2b^{2}}{6}}.\end{aligned}}$
There does not exist a Van Houtum distribution for every combination of $\mu$ and $c^{2}$. By using the fact that for any real mean $\mu$ the discrete distribution on the integers that has minimal variance is concentrated on the integers $\lfloor \mu \rfloor$ and $\lceil \mu \rceil$, it is easy to verify that a Van Houtum distribution (or indeed any discrete distribution on the integers) can only be fitted on the first two moments if
    $c^{2}\mu ^{2}\geq (\mu -\lfloor \mu \rfloor )(1+\mu -\lceil \mu \rceil )^{2}+(\mu -\lfloor \mu \rfloor )^{2}(1+\mu -\lceil \mu \rceil ).$
# Veterans for Common Sense

Veterans for Common Sense (VCS), founded in 2002, is a non-profit organization dedicated to advocacy on behalf of United States veterans who continue to serve their country by protecting the rights and interests of fellow citizens. Based on the pragmatic ideals of the American Patriot Thomas Paine, VCS was established "by service-minded war veterans who believe we, the people, are most secure when our country is strong and responsibly engaged with the world."
In 2006, Veterans for Common Sense merged for a period with Veterans for America, an organization partnered with the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation; however, the two organizations separated again in 2007. Veterans for America continued VCS's focus on national security issues, with the added element of active humanitarian relief, mine mapping and other programs that address the consequences of war.
VCS focuses on four primary program areas: national security, civil liberties, energy policy and veterans healthcare and benefits. Activities have included large veterans' sign-on letters urging caution to the President before the 2003 invasion of Iraq and a lawsuit against the government seeking documents related to torture at the Abu Ghraib prison and the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In addition, VCS has given frequent testimony before Congress about the need for mandatory full funding for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare, the VA's broken disability claims process, and the VA's need for increased capacity for dealing with Gulf War Illness, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health patients.
VCS's current director is Anthony Hardie, a former state veterans agency official and former Congressional staff member. He succeeded previous Executive Directors Paul Sullivan (2006-2012), a former project manager at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and Charles Sheehan-Miles (2003-2006), a former Gulf War-related non-profit executive.
# Moldskred

Moldskred is a Norwegian surname that may refer to the following notable people:
* Lars Ivar Moldskred (born 1978), Norwegian football goalkeeper
* Matias Belli Moldskred (born 1997), Norwegian-Spanish football midfielder
* Morten Moldskred (born 1980), Norwegian football winger
# Oregon Office of University Coordination

The Oregon Office of University Coordination is the agency designated by the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission (HECC), established in 2013 under ORS § 352.002, to provide academic and fiscal coordination for seven public universities in Oregon. Beginning 2015–2016, the Office of University Coordination was authorized to process academic program approval through the HECC, make budget recommendations for public universities in Oregon, and allocate funds using a model for student success and completion. Effective July 1, 2014, three universities (University of Oregon, Oregon State University, and Portland State University) broke away from the Oregon University System. Effective July 1, 2015, the remaining four universities (Eastern Oregon University, Oregon Institute of Technology, Southern Oregon University and Western Oregon University) also became independent.
# Van Houten–Hillman House

The Van Houten–Hillman House is located at 891 River Road in the borough of Elmwood Park in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS).
According to the nomination form, the house was built in the mid 18th century, possibly by a member of the Cadmus family. It may also have built around 1782 by Cornelius J. Van Houten. Herman Hillman purchased the house in 1888, and remodeled it in 1901.
# Mercenaries (basketball)

Mercenaries is a basketball club based in Mutare, Zimbabwe. Since 2006, the team has competed in the Manicaland Basketball Association (MBA), winning a league championship in each season.

## History

Mercenaries was founded in 2004 by a group of friends from Mutare, led by Innocent Sithole, who hoped to make money playing together in basketball tournaments. In 2006, the club joined the Manicaland Basketball Association (MBA). Since then, it has won 13 consecutive league titles without losing a single game.
In 2019, Mercenaries won its first National Basketball Club Championship, becoming the first team from outside Harare and Bulawayo to do so.

## Honours

Zimbabwe National Championship
* Champions (1): 2019
Manicaland Basketball Association
* Champions (13): 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

## In African competitions

BAL Qualifiers (1 appearance)
       2020 – First Round

## Personnel
### Current roster

The following is the Mercenaries roster for the 2020 BAL Qualifying Tournaments:
Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Tatenda Maturure
# Melchior Barthel

Melchior Barthel (born 10 December 1625 in Dresden; died there 12 November 1672) was a German sculptor.

## Biography

He studied with his father and with Johann Boehme, of Schneeberg (1640–45), and settled at Dresden, where he was appointed sculptor to the court.

## Works

His principal works are the colossal tomb of the Doge Giovanni Pesaro (Santa Maria dei Frari, Venice); the statue of John the Baptist (chapel of Santa Maria, Nazareth); and a tomb in San Giovanni e Paolo, Venice. His numerous ivory carvings in the Green Vault at Dresden are considered superior to his more elaborate works.
# Melchior Anderegg

Melchior Anderegg (28 March 1828 – 8 December 1914), from Zaun, Meiringen, was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascensionist of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism. His clients were mostly British, the most famous of whom was Leslie Stephen, the writer, critic and mountaineer; Anderegg also climbed extensively with members of the Walker family, including Horace Walker and Lucy Walker, and with Florence Crauford Grove. His cousin Jakob Anderegg was also a well-known guide.

## Alpine guide

First ascents by Melchior Anderegg
* Wildstrubel, 3,243 m (Bernese Alps), 11 September 1858
* Rimpfischhorn, 4,199 m (Pennine Alps), 9 September 1859
* Alphubel, 4,206 m (Pennine Alps), 9 August 1860
* Blüemlisalphorn, 3,664 m (Bernese Alps), 27 August 1860
* Monte Disgrazia, 3,678 m (Bregaglia Range), 23 August 1862
* Dent d'Hérens, 4,171 m (Pennine Alps), 12 August 1863
* Parrotspitze, 4,432 m (Pennine Alps), 16 August 1863
* Balmhorn, 3,698 m (Bernese Alps), 21 July 1864
* Zinalrothorn, 4,221 m (Pennine Alps), 22 August 1864
* Grandes Jorasses, 4,208 m (Mont Blanc Massif), 30 June 1868
Other noteworthy climbs by Melchior Anderegg
* Mont Blanc, 4,809 m, via the Bosses du Dromedaire (1859)
* Mont Blanc via the Dôme du Goûter (1861)
* Solo reconnaissance up the Zmuttgrat of the Matterhorn (Pennine Alps) (1863)
* Mont Blanc via the Brenva face (1865)
* Winter traverse of the Finsteraarhorn, 4,273 m (Bernese Alps) (1866)
* Civetta, 3,220 m (Dolomites) (1867)
* Winter ascent of the Plattenhörner (1869)
* First winter ascent of the Galenstock, 3,586 m (Urner Alps) (1877)

## Wood carver

Anderegg was also a professional wood carver and owned a shop in Zermatt that sold his carvings (of bears, groups of chamois, and eagles, amongst other subjects), as well as 'Photographs of all the great peaks around Zermatt', alpenstocks, snow spectacles ('blue, green, and neutral tint') and Whymper's guides.
# Mount Whittier Ski Area

Mount Whittier Ski Area was an alpine ski area located in West Ossipee, New Hampshire. Though it shared a name with a nearby mountain in the Ossipee Range, the ski area was actually located on Nickerson Mountain.

## History

While the exact opening date is not known, the ski area was in operation by the end of the 1940s, serviced by surface lifts. In 1963, New Hampshire's second gondola lift was installed at Mt. Whittier. The gondola was unusual in that it had three terminals—a bottom terminal on the east side of Route 16, a second lower terminal at the base of the ski area, and a top terminal near the summit of Nickerson Mountain. The remains of the gondola, including the towers and cables, still cross Route 16 today.
In addition to the ski operation, Mt. Whittier also offered summer activities, anchored with scenic gondola rides. Additional summer attractions were offered toward the end of the area's life, including slides and bumper boats. Poor winters in the early 1980s, along with a lack of snowmaking, led to the demise of the ski area.
Though the ski area has been closed since 1985, its lifts and trails are still visible from Route 16. There have been various attempts at restarting snow sports at the former site, including snow tubing, snowcat skiing, and snowmobile racing. As of September 2023, the land was for sale with an asking price of $3.2 million.
# Washinomiya Shrine

36°5′59.7″N 139°39′17.7″E﻿ / ﻿36.099917°N 139.654917°E﻿ / 36.099917; 139.654917
Washinomiya Shrine (鷲宮神社, Washinomiya-jinja) is one of the oldest Shintō shrines in the Kantō region, located in Kuki, Saitama (formerly Washimiya), Japan.

## History

The oldest record of the shrine was found in the Azuma Kagami, the official historical record for the Kamakura Shogunate. It had the patronage of the Imperial family, and even Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. Various folk-culture and performing art events, including the Saibara-Kagura Festival are held here. Its traditional dance handed down through generations has been designated as a national intangible folk-culture asset. Washinomiya's Hajisai festival involves a local parade and the carrying of a mikoshi. The shrine also houses several ancient relics.
During the New Year season, the shrine receives no fewer than 100,000 visitors.
The torii gate of the shrine collapsed in 2018 and was later replaced.

## Otaku pilgrimages

In its July 2007 issue, the magazine Newtype ran an article on the various locales featuring in the popular anime and manga Lucky Star, and provided directions on how to reach these places from the otaku hotspot Akihabara, including the Washinomiya Shrine which had its torii shown in the opening sequence and featured the Hiiragi sisters working as miko in the anime.
Shortly afterwards, massive otaku "pilgrimages" to the shrine became the most widely reported consequence of the feature's publication. It became a place teeming with photographers trying to replicate scenes from the anime, cosplayers wandering around, and prayer plaques ridden with anime drawings and strange prayers like "Konata is my wife".
The head of the shrine raised concerns that the visitors were worshipping "deities" other than the shrine's own. The locals were divided on the situation, with some suggesting that it was good for the shrine to have so many worshippers, and some being concerned about the town's security. The visiting otakus, although considered unusual, were generally described as being well-mannered. Eventually, many local residents embraced the otaku, with some profiting from the new traffic and influx of people. This social phenomenon was subsequently satirized in the twenty-first episode of the anime.
On December 2, 2007, Kagami Yoshimizu and 4 cast members of Lucky Star held a brunch and "official" visit of the shrine. A highlight of the visit was a guided tour by the voice actors of the "Hiiragi sisters" (Emiri Kato and Kaori Fukuhara) leading the other two VA's and fans around the real shrine.
In September 2008, Lucky Star fans were encouraged to participate in the local Hajisai festival, and with help from locals, produced and paraded a mikoshi themed around Lucky Star. Every year since, some Lucky Star fans travel to Kuki to help carry the Lucky Star mikoshi and help with the traditional mikoshi. It is a symbiotic relationship. Both mikoshi were also featured in the 2010 Shanghai Expo. Since 2018, the Lucky Star mikoshi now appears in the Yasaka summer festival every July.
# Pezotettix giornae

Pezotettix giornae is a species of 'short-horned grasshoppers' belonging to the subfamily Pezotettiginae (similar to and previously placed in the Catantopinae).

## Distribution

This very little grasshopper is present in Southern Europe (and parts of Central Europe), North Africa and in the Near East.

## Habitat

This species inhabits meadows of lowlands, forest edges, xerotherm areas of plains and southern slopes of stony mountains.

## Description

The adult males grow up to 11–14 millimetres (0.43–0.55 in) long, while the females reach 12–18 millimetres (0.47–0.71 in) of length. The basic coloration of the body varies from light brown to greyish. The eyes are relatively large and the sides of thorax sometimes show a white or darker longitudinal stripe. The wings are scaly, oval, very short, reaching only the middle of the second rear segment, so they are unable to fly and resemble nymphs (brachyptery). Nymphs are usually green in the early stages.

## Biology

This immature stages of this species develop in summer, passing through six instars. Adults can be encountered from June through November in the Mediterranean. They mate in autumn and in winter and often overwinter as adults. In this case they can be found by March.
# Matt Barton (motorcyclist)

Matthew Barton (born 4 February 1996, in Geelong) is an Australian motorcycle racer. As of 2015, he races in the Australian 125GP/Moto3 Championship aboard a FTR Honda.

## Career statistics
### Grand Prix motorcycle racing
#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| 2015 | Moto3 | FTR | Suus Honda | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2016 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | Suus Honda | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total | | | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |

#### Races by year

| Yr | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Pos. | Pts |
| 2015 | Moto3 | FTR | QAT | AME | ARG | SPA | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | GER | INP | CZE | GBR | RSM | ARA | JPN | AUS Ret | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |
| 2016 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | QAT | ARG | AME | SPA | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | GER | AUT | CZE | GBR | RSM | ARA | JPN | AUS 20 | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |
# Victory Medal (Japan)

The Victory Medal (Japanese: 戦捷記章) was a commemorative military medal of Japan awarded to mark service during the First World War. Established by Imperial Edict #406 on 17 September 1920, it was one of the series of Victory Medals created and awarded by the victorious allies after the First World War. Fifteen nations in all issued a version of the medal. All shared the rainbow suspension and service ribbon, but the medals' designs varied by country. Japan's design was different from all other versions as it did not depict the goddess Victory. This figure from Roman mythology would have no connection to Japanese culture, so a depiction of Takemikazuchi, the war god in Japanese mythology occupies the obverse of the medal.
# Oregon Pacific Railroad

Oregon Pacific Railroad or Oregon Pacific Railway may refer to:
* Oregon Pacific Railroad (1880–1894), railroad from Yaquina Bay (Newport) to Santiam Pass
* Oregon Pacific Railroad (1997), shortline railroad on the east side of Portland
# Penarth Dock railway station

Penarth Dock railway station served the docks area of Penarth.

## Description

The Taff Vale Railway built its line to Penarth in 1865, later extending it to Lavernock, Sully and Cadoxton. Penarth Dock and Harbour station opened in 1878. The name was changed to Penarth Dock in 1928. The station was staffed and had two platforms with substantial buildings, linked by a footbridge. Despite this, it was very quiet during the day, and received almost all its revenue from morning and evening rush hour trains. It was closed on Sundays.

## Closure

The station closed in January 1962. Most of the buildings are still present, and have been used by a range of businesses, including a shooting range, a garden centre, a second-hand car lot and a marine chandlers. The line is still open as far as Penarth, though it has been single track since 1967.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Llandough Platform | Great Western Railway Taff Vale | Dingle Road |
# Golden Goblet Award for Outstanding Artistic Achievement

The Golden Goblet Outstanding Artistic Achievement (Chinese: 金爵奖最佳艺术贡献奖) is a special jury prize awarded to films in the main category of competition at the Shanghai International Film Festival.

## Award Winners

| Year | Film | Country |
| 2013 | The Major | Yuri Bykov |
| 2014 | Begin Again | Gregg Alexander |
| 2015 | The Shameless | OH Seung-uk |
| 2016 | HAZE | Ralston Jover |
| 2017 | Fault Condition | |
| 2018 | Carnivores | |
| 2019 | Trees Under the Sun | Dr. Biju |
# Valley of Shadows

Valley of Shadows may refer to:
* Valley of Shadows (ballet), a 1983 one-act ballet;
* Valley of Shadows (2017 film), a 2017 Norwegian film;
* Valley of Shadows (2024 film), a 2024 Spanish film.
# Mount Pearl South

Mount Pearl South is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Prior to the 2007 provincial election, the district was known as Mount Pearl. Mount Pearl South has seen an expansion in big-box retail outlets in recent years. In 2011, there were 8,114 eligible voters living within the district.
The district was created in 1975 and was a Tory stronghold for two decades, with Progressive Conservative Neil Windsor holding the seat from 1975 to 1995. The seat went Liberal in 1996 when Brian Tobin won a large majority government, but returned to the Progressive Conservatives, under Dave Denine, in 2003 when the party swept back to power. Denine won again in the 2007 election.
Dave Denine retired just before the writ was dropped in 2011. The 2011 Election was contested between Progressive Conservative nominee Paul Lane, a Mount Pearl city councillor, New Democrat John Riche, a Real Estate Agent and Liberal Norm Snelgrove, a civic administrator. Paul Lane won the 2011 contest by 700 votes on October 11, 2011 and remained the district's MHA until its dissolution.
On January 20, 2014 Paul Lane announced he was leaving the governing PC Party to sit with the Opposition Liberal Party. In 2015, an electoral district boundary review resulted in the districts dissolution, with its territory being incorporated into Mount Pearl-Southlands.

## Members of the House of Assembly

The district had elected the following members of the House of Assembly:
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| 37th | 1975–1979 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 38th | 1979–1982 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 39th | 1982–1985 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 40th | 1985–1989 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 41st | 1989–1993 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 42nd | 1993–1996 | Neil Windsor | Progressive Conservative |
| 43rd | 1996–1999 | Julie Bettney | Liberal |
| 43rd | 1999–2003 | Julie Bettney | Liberal |
| 44th | 2003–2007 | Dave Denine | Progressive Conservative |
| 45th | 2007–2011 | Dave Denine | Progressive Conservative |
| 46th | 2011–2014 | Paul Lane | Progressive Conservative |
| 46th | 2014–2015 | Paul Lane | Liberal |

## Election results

2011 Newfoundland and Labrador general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Progressive Conservative | Paul Lane | 2,375 | 54.61 | -29.73 |
| NDP | John Riche | 1,675 | 38.51 | +31.78 |
| Liberal | Norm Snelgrove | 299 | 6.88 | -2.05 |
2007 Newfoundland and Labrador general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Progressive Conservative | Dave Denine | 4,163 | 84.34 | +3.04 |
| Liberal | Bill Reid | 441 | 8.93 | -2.53 |
| NDP | Tom McGinnis | 332 | 6.73 | -0.51 |
2003 Newfoundland and Labrador general election: Mount Pearl :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Progressive Conservative | Dave Denine | 5,662 | 81.30 | – |
| Liberal | Wayne Ralph | 798 | 11.46 | |
| NDP | Roy Locke | 504 | 7.24 | |
# Museo Negrense de La Salle

The Museo Negrense de La Salle (lit. 'Negrense de La Salle Museum') is located within the campus of the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod, Philippines beside the St. La Salle Coliseum. It is the only school-based museum in the Negros region.

## History

The museum was officially named Museo Negrense de La Salle in 1997. The Administration decided to fuse the University Research Institute with the repository and the addition of artifacts and relics donated by the Vega family under the care of Cecile Nava, PhD.

## Collections

* The Ledesma Collection
* The Vega Collection
* The Esteban Collection
* The Velayo-Javelosa Collection
* The Puentevella Collection