OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pastorale d'été (Honegger)

Pastorale d’été, H. 31 (Summer Pastoral), is a short symphonic poem for chamber orchestra by Arthur Honegger. It was inspired by Honegger's vacation in the Swiss alps above Bern in 1920 and lasts seven or eight minutes.
Pastorale d'été was written in August 1920 at Wengen in Switzerland. It was Honegger's first orchestral work of any real consequence before he wrote his massive Horace victorieux, which he wrote in the winter of 1920-21.
The score of Pastorale d'été was inscribed with an epigraph by Arthur Rimbaud: J'ai embrassé l'aube d'été (I have embraced the summer dawn). The scoring is for strings, single woodwinds, and horn. The work is atmospheric, placid and restrained, and has been described as "a latter-day Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun by Claude Debussy). It seems to be a musical impression of a peaceful early morning in the Swiss alps. It opens with a languorous soaring theme on the horn, which is then taken up by the strings. The instrumentation matches the pastoral nature of the theme and the mood in the outer sections. The middle section is more lively and is colourfully orchestrated. The main theme returns to close the piece in the same peaceful, manner of the opening. The work was dedicated to Alexis Roland-Manuel.
It was first performed on 17 February 1921 at the Salle Gaveau in Paris, conducted by Vladimir Golschmann. The work won a Prix Verley, a prize decided by the audience members.
The first British concert performance was on 27 October 1921 conducted by Eugene Goossens in the Queen's Hall, London.
The work has entered the general orchestral repertoire, and has often been played in concert. Honegger conducted a recording of the work himself, as have Hermann Scherchen, Jean Martinon (1971), Michel Plasson (1991), Leonard Bernstein, David Zinman, Thierry Fischer, Charles Dutoit and many others.
As part of the narrative of the novel Expo 58 by Jonathan Coe (published 2013) there is an imaginative and detailed description of the Pastorale in the chapter entitled 'The trouble with happiness'. It pays particular attention to the orchestration and to the overall shape of the piece, e.g. "...the main theme was by now beginning to take on the character of an old friend: once again, it rose and fell, rose and fell, a soft, endlessly renewable conversation between the different sections of the orchestra; until it too faded into nothingness, amid the dying flourishes of gossamer-bowed violins, the last twilit birdcalls of flute and clarinet."
# Iraq babbler

The Iraq babbler (Argya altirostris) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae, native to reed beds of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. It is found in Iraq and south-western Iran.
This species was formerly placed in the genus Turdoides but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Argya.
# Qibing

Qibing is a community council located in the Mafeteng District of Lesotho. Its population in 2006 was 17,374.

## Villages

The community of Qibing includes the villages of Boluma-Tau, Ha 'Mamaribana, Ha 'Mamothibeli, Ha Aujong, Ha Fokase, Ha Hlaoli, Ha Joele, Ha Khang, Ha Khasapane, Ha Khojane, Ha Khothu, Ha Lekhari, Ha Lepolesa, Ha Likhotolo, Ha Machafeela (Qhasisi), Ha Maema, Ha Maoela, Ha Maretlane, Ha Mashapha, Ha Masiu, Ha Masupha (Thabang), Ha Matlakala, Ha Matlamokele, Ha Matsie, Ha Matšoaboli, Ha Mohlehli, Ha Mokhoea (Qhasisi), Ha Molapo, Ha Montoeli, Ha Monyalotsa, Ha Motanyane, Ha Mphobe, Ha Nkalimeng, Ha Nqoloane, Ha Nyapholi, Ha Patisi, Ha Patsa, Ha Patsi, Ha Phatsoane, Ha Phepheng, Ha Rakhapu, Ha Ralebese, Ha Ralerupa, Ha Ralintši, Ha Ralipere, Ha Ramahlape, Ha Ramatsabane, Ha Ratomo, Ha Seeiso, Ha Semona, Ha Sepelemane, Ha Taelo, Ha Tanyele, Ha Tebatso, Ha Tlhoela, Hlakoaneng, Letlapeng, Likokong, Lithabaneng, Mahlakung, Malosong, Manganeng, Marua, Mohlanapeng, Naleli, Sekantšing, Sekoting, Thabana-Tšooana, Tšupane and Vanrooyen.
# Phlomis russeliana

Phlomis russeliana, Turkish sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Turkey and Syria in south west Asia. It is often confused with the closely related P. samia, and wrongly marketed as Phlomis viscosa. Growing to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, it is a herbaceous perennial with hairy, erect stems. The textured, grey-green, sage-like leaves are arrow shaped, and point downwards. In summer, whorls of green buds develop in the leaf axils at regular intervals up each vertical stem, giving a distinctive tiered effect. The buds open to globose clusters of dull yellow hooded flowers.
Phlomis russeliana is cultivated as an ornamental garden flower, in moist soil in full sun. It is hardy in all temperate zones down to −20 °C (−4 °F). The flowers are long-lasting, the dried flower-heads providing architectural interest throughout the winter months, as well as multiple seeds for propagation in the early spring. It has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# 1929 Academy Awards

1929 Academy Awards may refer to:
* 1st Academy Awards, the Academy Awards ceremony that took place on May 16, 1929, honoring films released in 1927 and 1928
* 2nd Academy Awards, the Academy Awards ceremony that took place on April 3, 1930, honoring films released between August 1, 1928, and July 31, 1929
* 3rd Academy Awards, the Academy Awards ceremony that took place on November 5, 1930, honoring films released between August 1, 1929, and July 31, 1930
# 1938 Brownlow Medal

The 1938 Brownlow Medal was the 15th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Dick Reynolds of the Essendon Football Club won the medal by polling eighteen votes during the 1938 VFL season.

## Leading votegetters

| | Player | Votes |
| 1st | Dick Reynolds (Essendon) | 18 |
| 2nd | Stan Spinks (Hawthorn) | 17 |
| =3rd | Marcus Boyall (Collingwood) | 15 |
| =3rd | Wilfred Smallhorn (Fitzroy) | 15 |
| =3rd | Alby Morrison (Footscray) | 15 |
| 6th | Jock Cordner (North Melbourne) | 14 |
| =7th | Norman Ware (Footscray) | 13 |
| =7th | Jack Collins (Geelong) | 13 |
| =9th | Jim Park (Carlton) | 12 |
| =9th | Des Fothergill (Collingwood) | 12 |
| =9th | Marcus Whelan (Collingwood) | 12 |
| =9th | Gordon Jones (Melbourne) | 12 |
# Ksour, Bordj Bou Arreridj

Ksour, Bordj Bou Arreridj is a town and commune in Bordj Bou Arréridj Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it had a population of 12,540.
# ZNBN-FM

ZNBN-FM is a radio station in Nassau, Bahamas broadcasting a Caribbean Music, Bahamian Junkanoo and rake-and-scrape radio format.
# Oliver Sensen

Oliver Sensen is a German philosopher and associate professor of Philosophy at Tulane University. He is known for his expertise on Kantian philosophy. Sensen is the vice-president of North American Kant Society.

## Books

* Human Dignity, Cambridge University Press, forthcoming
* Kant on Human Dignity, de Gruyter, 2011; paperback, 2016
* Kant on Moral Autonomy (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2012
* Respect (ed.), Oxford University Press, forthcoming
* The Emergence of Autonomy in Kant's Moral Theory (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2018
* Kant's Lectures on Ethics: A Critical Guide (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2015
* Kant's Tugendlehre. A Commentary (ed.), de Gruyter, 2012
# Iothia emarginuloides

Iothia emarginuloides is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetidae, one of the families of true limpets. This species was previously known as Iothia coppingeri.

## Taxonomy

The type specimens of I. emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868) and I. coppingeri (E.A. Smith, 1881) are very similar in morphology, and were collected only 400 km (250 mi) apart; as long ago as 1908 this led to the recognition that they were probably the same species. Despite this, they continued to be treated as two separate species until 2011, when Nakano et al. researched the genus and brought them into synonymy. I. emarginuloides was described before I. coppingeri, so by the rules of zoological nomenclature, the earlier name took priority.

## Description

I. emarginuloides is a small, broadly ovate, cap-shaped limpet, with a length of about 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and width of 4.5 mm (0.18 in). The apex of the shell is towards the anterior end, and is rather acute, but does not curl over. The shell is thin, and has fine sculptured lines radiating from the apex which formed the basis for the species' descriptive name, emarginuloides, "as if minutely emarginate, or finely notched". There are also irregular, concentric growth rings. The margin is smooth apart from the fine crenelations produced by the radial sculpture. The shell is a "dirty white" colour, with a few greyish concentric bands. Although limpets in the family Lepetidae are commonly known as "blind limpets", both this species and the closely related Iothia fulva have small, black-pigmented eyes, situated close to the base of the tentacles.

## Distribution

I. emarginuloides is known from Antarctica (the Weddell Sea) and southern Chile. Its distribution is probably circum-Antarctic, with its known range extending from the Kerguelen Islands to the Strait of Magellan area. All records are from water shallower than 2,500 m (8,200 ft). It is the commonest animal found living on the red alga Phyllophora antarctica under the sea ice in the vicinity of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica.
# Qibin, Hebi

Qibin District (simplified Chinese: 淇滨; traditional Chinese: 淇濱; pinyin: Qíbīn) is a district of the city of Hebi, Henan province, China.

## Administrative divisions

Longzihu District is divided to 1 subdistrict, 2 towns, 2 townships and 1 other.

### Subdistricts

* Jinshan Subdistrict (金山街道)

### Towns

* Dalaidian (大赉店镇)
* Jiuqiao (钜桥镇)

### Townships

* Dahejian Township (大河涧乡)
* Shangyu Township (上峪乡)

### Others

* Qibin Economic and Technological Development Zone (淇滨经济技术开发区)
# Phlomis armeniaca

Phlomis armeniaca is a perennial herb in the genus Phlomis endemic to Turkey and the Transcaucasus.
# ORMD-0801

ORMD-0801 is an experimental insulin analog that is taken by mouth, rather than injected. It is developed by Oramed Pharmaceuticals to treat diabetes.
# John Hay (Henley MP)

John Albert Hay (24 November 1919 – 27 January 1998) was a British Conservative politician.
Hay was born in Brighton, Sussex, to John Edward Hay (Mayor of Brighton 1953) and May Hollingdale. He was a brother to author Peter Thomas Hay. He was educated at Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School. He served as a Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy during World War II and was invalided out.
He married Beryl Found, the only daughter of Ret. Commander Herbert Found R.N. and Alice Found. They had two children, Victoria (born 1949) and Richard (born 1953). Their marriage ended in divorce.
Hay worked as a solicitor practicing in Brighton and London. He served as Chairman of the Young Conservatives 1947–49 and was elected to Parliament in 1950 as Member for Henley, South Oxfordshire. He became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the President of the Board of Trade, 1951–55, and later served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport from 1959 to 1963 under Ernest Marples, where he introduced parking meters, and as the last Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1963 to 1964, whereupon the reorganisation of the Ministry of Defence, he became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Army until the Labour Party won the October 1964 general election.
Hay retired from politics and Parliament in 1974 and married Janet Spruce in 1975. They emigrated to Canada and he died in West Vancouver in 1998.
# Hando Mugasto

Hando Mugasto (until 1925 Heinrich-Voldemar Monstrum; 18 January 1907 Rakvere – 11 June 1937 Tartu) was an Estonian neorealist printmaker.
From 1924 to 1933 he studied at the Pallas Art School. From 1935 to 1937 he taught at this school.

## Gallery

* Brothel (1927)
* Landscape (1929)
* Stroll (1928)
* City View (1930)
* Stone Bridge in Tartu (1931)
* Musicians (c. 1932)
* Old Tallinn (1935)
* Daily News (1936)
# 1965–66 Liga Alef

The 1965–66 Liga Alef season saw Maccabi Haifa (champions of the North Division) and SK Nes Tziona (champions of the South Division) win the title and promotion to Liga Leumit.

## North Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Maccabi Haifa | 30 | 24 | 4 | 2 | 66 | 9 | +57 | 52 | Promoted to Liga Leumit |
| 2 | Hapoel Kfar Saba | 30 | 20 | 3 | 7 | 62 | 37 | +25 | 43 | |
| 3 | Hapoel Kiryat Haim | 30 | 14 | 6 | 10 | 42 | 28 | +14 | 34 | |
| 4 | Hapoel Hadera | 30 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 29 | 28 | +1 | 34 | |
| 5 | Beitar Netanya | 30 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 44 | 38 | +6 | 33 | |
| 6 | Hapoel Kfar Blum | 30 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 42 | 36 | +6 | 32 | |
| 7 | Hapoel Tiberias | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 54 | 52 | +2 | 31 | |
| 8 | Hapoel Safed | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 49 | 46 | +3 | 30 | |
| 9 | Hapoel Nahliel | 30 | 6 | 16 | 8 | 27 | 31 | −4 | 28 | |
| 10 | Hapoel Bnei Nazareth | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 33 | 45 | −12 | 27 | |
| 11 | Hapoel Netanya | 30 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 47 | 56 | −9 | 26 | |
| 12 | Hapoel Acre | 30 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 43 | 47 | −4 | 25 | |
| 13 | Hapoel Herzliya | 30 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 36 | 51 | −15 | 23 | |
| 14 | Maccabi Hadera | 30 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 34 | 54 | −20 | 23 | |
| 15 | Hapoel Kiryat Shmona | 30 | 7 | 7 | 16 | 26 | 51 | −25 | 21 | Relegated to Liga Bet |
| 16 | Beitar Haifa | 30 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 33 | 58 | −25 | 18 | Relegated to Liga Bet |

## South Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | SK Nes Tziona | 30 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 49 | 25 | +24 | 45 | Promoted to Liga Leumit |
| 2 | Maccabi Ramat Amidar | 30 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 56 | 23 | +33 | 42 | |
| 3 | Beitar Jerusalem | 30 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 68 | 31 | +37 | 40 | |
| 4 | Hapoel Holon | 30 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 49 | 34 | +15 | 37 | |
| 5 | Hapoel Ashkelon | 30 | 9 | 16 | 5 | 43 | 42 | +1 | 34 | |
| 6 | Hapoel Rishon LeZion | 30 | 9 | 14 | 7 | 44 | 32 | +12 | 32 | |
| 7 | Beitar Ramla | 30 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 51 | 47 | +4 | 31 | |
| 8 | Maccabi Holon | 30 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 35 | 37 | −2 | 31 | |
| 9 | Hapoel Lod | 30 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 35 | 33 | +2 | 29 | |
| 10 | Hapoel Kiryat Ono | 30 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 31 | 32 | −1 | 27 | |
| 11 | Hapoel Kfar Shalem | 30 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 37 | 49 | −12 | 24 | |
| 12 | Hapoel Marmorek | 30 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 30 | 46 | −16 | 24 | |
| 13 | Beitar Lod | 30 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 32 | 55 | −23 | 24 | |
| 14 | Beitar Kiryat Ono | 30 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 34 | 47 | −13 | 21 | |
| 15 | HaBira Jerusalem | 30 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 31 | 70 | −39 | 19 | Relegated to Liga Bet |
| 16 | Hapoel Giv'atayim | 30 | 5 | 6 | 19 | 29 | 51 | −22 | 16 | Relegated to Liga Bet |
* ↑ Two points deducted
# Pedro Sanz

Pedro Sanz Alonso (born Igea, La Rioja, 27 December 1953), is a Spanish politician, President of the autonomous community of La Rioja from 1995 to 2015 and member of the centre-right People's Party.
He was a school teacher in the neighbouring Basque Country until 1981. In 1990 he became Secretary of the People's Party in La Rioja until 1993 when he was elected regional president of the party.
# Sandy Skinner

Sandy Georgette Skinner (born 1988/1989) is a Saint-Pierrais politician and hospital administrative officer who has served on the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon since 2017. A member of the Archipelago Tomorrow party, she represents the municipality of Saint-Pierre.

## Biography

Sandy Georgette Skinner was born in 1988 or 1989, and lives in Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a self-governing overseas collectivity of France. She works as an administrative officer at the François Dunan Hospital Centre. In the 2017 Saint Pierre and Miquelon legislative election, Skinner was elected to the Territorial Council, representing Saint-Pierre as a member of the Archipelago Tomorrow party. She was re-elected in the 2022 election.
During her tenure in the council, Skinner has served on the committees on housing, tourism, and education. As of 2022, she is also the designated substitute member for Stéphane Lenormand in the National Assembly of France.
# Jainendra

Jainendra is a masculine given name. Notable people with that name include the following:

## Given names

* Jainendra Jain (screenwriter) (1939–2007), Indian film writer, director and producer
* Jainendra K. Jain, Indian physicist
* Jainendra Kumar (1905–1988), Indian writer
* Jainendra Kumar (Fiji), Fijian politician
# Palos

Palos may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Two drums, the palos major and palos menor, used in the music of the Dominican Republic
* Palo (flamenco), a flamenco musical forms
* Palos (TV series), a 2008 Philippine TV series

## Military

* Battle of Cape Palos (1815), battle of the Second Barbary War
* Battle of Cape Palos (1938), battle of the Spanish Civil War

## Places

* Palos de la Frontera, a municipality in Spain, from where Columbus sailed in 1492
* Palos Verdes, a place in Los Angeles, California, U.S.
* Cape Palos, cape on the Mediterranean coast of Spain
* Palos, Illinois (disambiguation), several communities within Palos Township
* Paloș (disambiguation), several places in Romania
* Palos Site, Native American archaeological site in Illinois

## People

* Enrique Palos (born 1986), Mexican football goalkeeper
# O. floribunda

O. floribunda may refer to:
* Ocotea floribunda, a plant with lauroid leaves
* Olearia floribunda, an Australian plant
* Ouratea floribunda, a wild plane
# Victorgorgia

Victorgorgia is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the monotypic family Victorgorgiidae.
The species of this genus are found in Pacific Ocean, Central America.
Species:
* Victorgorgia alba (Nutting, 1908)
* Victorgorgia argentea (Studer, 1894)
* Victorgorgia eminens Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
* Victorgorgia fasciculata Li, Zhan & Xu, 2020
* Victorgorgia flabellata Li, Zhan & Xu, 2020
* Victorgorgia iocasica Li, Zhan & Xu, 2020
* Victorgorgia josephinae Lopez Gonzalez & Briand, 2002
* Victorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911)
* Victorgorgia nyahae Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
# Yūgo Takeuchi

Yūgo Takeuchi (竹内 雄悟, Takeuchi Yūgo, born December 17, 1987) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 5-dan.

## Early life and apprenticeship

Takeuchi was born in Hiroshima, Japan on December 17, 1987. He learned how to play shogi from his grandfather, and was accepted in to the Japanese Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 3-kyū as student of shogi professional Nobuo Mori [ja] in 2004.
Takeuchi was promoted to the rank of 3-dan in 2008, and obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in April 2013 after finishing second in the 52nd 3-dan League (October 2012 – March 2013) with a record of 13 wins and 5 losses.

## Shogi professional
### Promotion history

The promotion history for Takeuchi is as follows:
* 3-kyū: September 2004
* 3-dan: October 2009
* 4-dan: April 1, 2013
* 5-dan: September 13, 2018
# Zinman

Zinman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Zinman (born 1936), American conductor and violinist
* John Zinman, American film and television writer and producer
* Jonathan Zinman (born c. 1971), professor
* Stella Zinman
# Iowa's 50th Senate district

The 50th District of the Iowa Senate is located in southeastern Iowa, and is currently composed of Lee County and part of Des Moines County.

## Current elected officials

Pam Jochum is the senator currently representing the 50th District.
The area of the 50th District contains two Iowa House of Representatives districts:
* The 99th District (represented by Lindsay James)
* The 100th District (represented by Charles Isenhart)
The district is also located in Iowa's 1st congressional district, which is represented by Ashley Hinson.

## Past senators

The district has previously been represented by:
* Mike Gronstal, 1985–1992
* Eugene Fraise, 1993–2002
* Mike Gronstal, 2003–2012
* Pam Jochum, 2013–present
# Santi Andrea e Bartolomeo (Rome)

Santi Andrea e Bartolomeo is a Catholic church in Rome (Italy), in the Rione Monti, on Via Santo Stefano Rotondo.

## History

Of very ancient origins, its history is linked to that of the hospital of San Giovanni.
The primitive church was built on the family home of Pope Honorius I (who died in 638), together with the monastery, as recalled in the biography of Pope Adrian I: «monasterium ss. Andreae et Bartholomaei, quod appellatur Honorii papae». During the 14th century the church was completely renovated, then rebuilt between 1630 and 1636 by Giacomo Mola under the pontificate of Urban VIII and finally transformed in eighteenth-century style in 1728, when the facade – which incorporates a fifteenth-century portal – was completed.

## Description

The church is almost triangular in shape; the Cosmatesque floor was created by the guardians of the Archconfraternity of the Holy Savior, Marco Diotaiuti and Giovanni Bonadies, in 1462. It has only one altar at the bottom of the apse and contains a fresco in Byzantine style, which belonged to the chapel (later demolished) of St. Mary the Empress near the monastery of Santi Quattro Coronati.
# Jainendra Kumar (Fiji)

Jainendra Kumar is a Fijian civil servant and political leader of Indian descent. A former director of research in the Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement Ministry, he served as a Rapporteur in the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2002. On 9 January 2007, he was appointed Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and Primary Industries in the interim Cabinet of Commodore Frank Bainimarama. He was removed from office by the military government on 4 January 2008.
# O'Connells Caherciveen GAA

O'Connells Caherciveen were a Gaelic Athletic Association football club from the town of Caherciveen in South County Kerry, Ireland. They won the South Kerry Senior Football Championship 6 times in all.

## Honours

* South Kerry Senior Football Championship (6) 1902, 1903, 1904, 1928, 1929, 1931
# Palpita brevimarginata

Palpita brevimarginata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1924. It is found in Seram, Indonesia.
# Krull's separation lemma

In abstract algebra, Krull's separation lemma is a lemma in ring theory. It was proved by Wolfgang Krull in 1928.

## Statement of the lemma

Let $I$ be an ideal and let $M$ be a multiplicative system (i.e. $M$ is closed under multiplication) in a ring $R$, and suppose $I\cap M=\varnothing$. Then there exists a prime ideal $P$ satisfying $I\subseteq P$ and $P\cap M=\varnothing$.
# James d'Orma Braman

James d'Orma Braman (December 23, 1901 – August 21, 1980) was an American politician who served as the 45th mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1964 to 1969. To date, Braman was the last Republican to serve as Mayor of Seattle. Previously, mayors were elected for a term of four years, but because of a change in the date of election to odd-numbered years during his mayoral tenure, Braman served five and a half years.

## Early life and education

He was born in Lorimor, Iowa, on December 23, 1901. As a child, Braman lived in Oklahoma before his family relocated to Pend Oreille County, Washington around 1908. He attended Union High School from 1916 to 1918, dropping out to work in the family lumber business.

## Career

Braman worked in the lumber industry and also designed homes. In 1943, Braman served as a lieutenant in the United States Navy Reserve. Braman was based in Portland, Oregon and managed lumber procurement. In 1945, he was promoted to commander and transferred to Washington, D.C. He returned to the Puget Sound region in 1946.
He was elected to the Seattle City Council, serving from 1954 until he became mayor in 1964. He was appointed by President Richard Nixon as Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Urban Systems and Environment in February 1969, resigning as mayor on March 23, 1969, to accept the position. Braman resigned in 1970 and returned to Seattle after 18 months in the position.

## Death

Braman died in Seattle on August 21, 1980, at the age of 79.