# Oak Creek Power Plant

Oak Creek Power Plant, also known as South Oak Creek, is a base load, coal- and natural gas-fired, electrical power station located on Lake Michigan in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. Oak Creek Power Plant along with Elm Road Generation Station make up the entire Oak Creek Generating Site.
The plant was built for an initial cost of $246 million. It is located on over 400 acres (160 ha) of land on the border of Milwaukee and Racine counties.
Advanced Air Quality Control Systems (AQCS) were installed in 2012 for $750 million on all four generating units. In 2009, it was listed as the third largest generating station in Wisconsin with a net summer capacity of 1,135 MW. The plant consumes between 6,000 and 6,400 tons of coal daily depending on system demands.
In 2018, the plant was listed as the fifth largest generation station in Wisconsin with an annual generation of 4,767,153 MW-h, behind Point Beach Nuclear Power Plant (10,128,796 MW-h), Elm Road Generating Station (7,913,698 MW-h), Columbia (6,641,670 MW-h), and Port Washington Generating Station (5,829,109 MW-h).
On November 6, 2020 - A plan was announced that includes the retirement of the 1,100-megawatt South Oak Creek coal plant in southeastern Wisconsin over the next five years. Units 5 and 6 at South Oak Creek would be shut down in 2023 while units 7 and 8 will be shut down by 2024. The closures have since been delayed to May 2024 for Units 5 and 6 and late 2025 for Units 7 and 8.

## Expansion

In 2005, two 615-megawatt coal-fueled units were constructed just north of the existing Oak Creek facility. Unit 1 began commercial operation on February 2, 2010. with Unit 2 following in 2011.

## Units

| Unit | Capacity (MW) | Commissioning | Notes |
| 1–4 | | 1950s | Retired in the 1980s |
| 5 | 275 (nameplate) 261 (summer) 262 (winter) | 1959 | Plans announced to stop burning coal by 2035. |
| 6 | 275 (nameplate) 264 (summer) 265 (winter) | 1961 | Plans announced to stop burning coal by 2035. |
| 7 | 317.6 (nameplate) 298 (summer) 298 (winter) | 1965 | Plans announced to stop burning coal by 2035. |
| 8 | 324 (nameplate) 298 (summer) 298 (winter) | 1967 | Plans announced to stop burning coal by 2035. |
| 9 | 18 | 1968 | Natural gas combustion turbine for startup / standby power |

## Electricity Production

In 2021, Oak Creek Power Station (South Oak Creek Power Plant and Elm Road Generating Station combined) generated 12,180 GWh, approximately 19.46% of the total electric power generated in Wisconsin (62,584 GWh) for that year. The South Oak Creek Power Plant (coal only) had a 2021 annual capacity factor of 61.65% and the Elm Road Generating Station (coal only) had a 2021 annual capacity factor of 69.26%.
Generation (MW-h) of South Oak Creek Power Plant :
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual (Total) |
| 2001 | 594,828 | 386,288 | 578,131 | 436,293 | 420,042 | 498,311 | 581,496 | 616,278 | 550,459 | 425,936 | 381,037 | 387,989 | 5,857,088 |
| 2002 | 313,742 | 278,455 | 343,737 | 437,303 | 504,601 | 508,723 | 656,861 | 573,386 | 591,802 | 395,956 | 366,701 | 348,897 | 5,320,164 |
| 2003 | 483,785 | 543,226 | 403,931 | 400,037 | 341,862 | 486,333 | 558,267 | 517,715 | 502,669 | 611,095 | 512,605 | 521,029 | 5,882,554 |
| 2004 | 515,520 | 492,324 | 509,888 | 547,422 | 620,759 | 505,487 | 563,217 | 599,107 | 518,928 | 594,649 | 603,603 | 604,797 | 6,675,701 |
| 2005 | 419,601 | 483,080 | 512,637 | 309,243 | 466,286 | 582,895 | 534,209 | 525,192 | 478,640 | 522,034 | 457,986 | 538,734 | 5,830,537 |
| 2006 | 514,164 | 468,906 | 397,968 | 528,270 | 428,392 | 508,887 | 620,495 | 630,081 | 455,471 | 415,290 | 433,711 | 413,665 | 5,815,300 |
| 2007 | 436,879 | 308,027 | 472,268 | 467,187 | 291,119 | 438,908 | 439,940 | 502,457 | 522,073 | 604,577 | 537,923 | 609,785 | 5,631,143 |
| 2008 | 644,337 | 465,184 | 488,251 | 473,011 | 483,015 | 458,519 | 575,589 | 589,011 | 504,101 | 313,027 | 299,315 | 539,641 | 5,833,001 |
| 2009 | 418,354 | 366,090 | 371,469 | 208,214 | 255,481 | 205,145 | 370,662 | 396,817 | 354,979 | 527,799 | 437,597 | 486,923 | 4,399,530 |
| 2010 | 520,479 | 368,245 | 393,771 | 294,137 | 354,652 | 359,665 | 449,634 | 486,374 | 406,908 | 363,753 | 279,763 | 482,564 | 4,759,945 |
| 2011 | 449,824 | 394,542 | 482,445 | 415,671 | 382,364 | 480,110 | 500,914 | 563,176 | 520,005 | 559,962 | 195,935 | 407,215 | 5,352,163 |
| 2012 | 251,662 | 270,999 | 313,845 | 294,545 | 200,395 | 358,738 | 314,430 | 351,105 | 476,262 | 329,305 | 366,571 | 449,542 | 3,977,399 |
| 2013 | 429,890 | 447,066 | 234,966 | 294,847 | 508,249 | 509,382 | 583,892 | 371,217 | 363,135 | 335,769 | 305,937 | 362,475 | 4,746,825 |
| 2014 | 497,979 | 451,409 | 422,053 | 373,703 | 256,698 | 335,200 | 442,912 | 437,966 | 458,636 | 389,758 | -1,058 | 236,204 | 4,301,460 |
| 2015 | 590,000 | 417,363 | 376,365 | 220,173 | 382,773 | 452,601 | 534,681 | 558,386 | 576,651 | 377,010 | 306,992 | 367,267 | 5,160,262 |
| 2016 | 450,687 | 138,721 | 237,137 | 254,619 | 259,392 | 350,326 | 454,283 | 528,469 | 371,782 | 249,577 | 230,720 | 304,734 | 3,830,447 |
| 2017 | 431,400 | 299,247 | 228,334 | 239,290 | 434,147 | 418,572 | 435,904 | 577,898 | 381,171 | 380,547 | 470,289 | 398,539 | 4,695,338 |
| 2018 | 464,871 | 455,040 | 168,219 | 265,170 | 206,501 | 407,102 | 523,526 | 528,979 | 472,707 | 411,130 | 321,556 | 508,348 | 4,733,149 |
| 2019 | 571,936 | 414,278 | 396,974 | 255,313 | 550,961 | -- | 347,115 | 483,216 | 139,453 | 55,092 | 238,098 | 337,735 | 3,790,171 |
| 2020 | 336,925 | 162,630 | 152,374 | 52,597 | 48,356 | 309,385 | 527,558 | 353,924 | 239,277 | 267,058 | 250,114 | 320,169 | 3,020,367 |
| 2021 | 504,605 | 414,046 | 349,688 | 349,700 | 232,464 | 141,575 | 559,304 | 502,534 | 387,127 | 385,858 | 369,384 | 253,599 | 4,449,884 |
| 2022 | 371,242 | 328,695 | 304,499 | 251,093 | 312,481 | 344,032 | 406,326 | 321,783 | 221,459 | 174,093 | 142,192 | 208,574 | 3,386,470 |
| 2023 | 291,638 | 117,985 | 43,790 | 0 | 14,804 | | | | | | | | |
Subnotes:
(1) : Table data reflects electrical generation from coal fuels only (subbituminous coal, refined coal). The plant also generates a minor amount of electricity (less than 1%) from natural gas.
(2) : Major fuel changed from subbituminous coal to refined coal in January 2016. The major fuel changed back to subbituminous coal in March 2022 .
Generation (MW-h) of Elm Road Generating Station :
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual (Total) |
| 2010 | 0 | 48,568 | -1,840 | 49,662 | 201,912 | 154,065 | 223,351 | 1,656 | 26,969 | 42,664 | 340,628 | 331,711 | 1,419,346 |
| 2011 | 509,557 | 375,435 | 444,647 | 433,011 | 274,068 | 512,028 | 635,325 | 522,383 | 276,896 | 99,558 | 345,775 | 315,362 | 4,744,045 |
| 2012 | 216,962 | 59,442 | 198,746 | 221,462 | 156,845 | 67,051 | 415,510 | 573,298 | 59,517 | 0 | -11,079 | -12,698 | 1,945,056 |
| 2013 | 163,875 | 265,684 | 70,368 | 8,213 | 347,684 | 348,443 | 644,009 | 465,133 | 300,761 | -8,772 | 157,720 | 559,077 | 3,322,195 |
| 2014 | 714,311 | 426,494 | 366,194 | 645,674 | 641,388 | 697,290 | 531,564 | 765,127 | 433,923 | 171,078 | 607,447 | 782,848 | 6,783,338 |
| 2015 | 689,718 | 563,248 | 488,205 | 542,180 | 733,797 | 582,022 | 742,283 | 658,592 | 397,922 | 415,376 | 697,745 | 583,267 | 7,094,355 |
| 2016 | 607,163 | 741,395 | 631,347 | 668,285 | 383,667 | 785,660 | 835,455 | 867,693 | 660,693 | 176,967 | 574,292 | 879,869 | 7,812,486 |
| 2017 | 905,955 | 798,714 | 782,578 | 521,480 | 443,478 | 635,060 | 883,074 | 490,738 | 519,759 | 382,538 | 453,522 | 552,687 | 7,369,583 |
| 2018 | 442,866 | 479,164 | 534,132 | 711,323 | 661,782 | 677,270 | 858,066 | 781,569 | 528,178 | 585,734 | 753,872 | 876,252 | 7,890,208 |
| 2019 | 637,419 | 771,005 | 523,369 | 534,925 | 428,616 | 0 | 739,105 | 817,677 | 765,115 | 804,830 | 723,552 | 812,844 | 7,558,457 |
| 2020 | 561,777 | 766,579 | 822,821 | 487,910 | 590,824 | 691,849 | 920,085 | 918,006 | 841,132 | 531,151 | 422,459 | 178,193 | 7,732,786 |
| 2021 | 566,469 | 793,448 | 909,124 | 492,576 | 913,375 | 891,823 | 907,844 | 898,235 | 669,305 | 301,026 | -2,183 | 353,921 | 7,694,963 |
| 2022 | 674,073 | 632,632 | 489,365 | 479,334 | 378,274 | 273,575 | 667,146 | 734,253 | 422,028 | 106,308 | 401,028 | 658,207 | 5,916,223 |
| 2023 | 493,599 | 498,291 | 729,680 | 297,084 | 447,144 | | | | | | | | |
Subnotes:
1. Table data reflects electrical generation from all coal fuels only (bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and refined coal). The plant also generates a minor amount of electricity (less than 1%) from natural gas.

## Incidents

On February 3, 2009, six contract workers were injured when coal dust ignited in a 65-foot coal dust silo on the power plant site. They had been preparing the structure for repairs when an unknown source ignited coal dust that had accumulated at the top of the silo. All suffered burns.
On October 31, 2011, a bluff area roughly the size of a football field and 200 feet above the level of Lake Michigan eroded, washing mud and debris into Lake Michigan. Close to 100 workers were at the site at the time of the collapse; none were hurt or killed.