OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Piarco

Piarco is a town in Trinidad and Tobago. It is situated in the north of the island of Trinidad and is the site of the country's main airport, Piarco International Airport.

## Geography

Piarco is the site of one of the few natural savannas in Trinidad and Tobago, the Piarco Savanna. Most of this savanna land has been incorporated into the airport.
Piarco is bounded by Orange Grove to the west, Trincity/Maloney to the north and Mausica to the east. Piarco comprises a few areas/villages such as Oropune, Golden Grove and St Helena.

## Administration

Piarco, which is located south of Trincity and Tunapuna, is administered by the Tunapuna–Piarco Regional Corporation.

## Economy

Caribbean Airlines has its headquarters in the Iere House, Golden Grove Road Piarco. Prior to the establishment of Caribbean Airlines, BWIA West Indies Airways was headquartered on the airport property in Piarco.
The Airports Authority of Trinidad and Tobago has its headquarters in the Airports Administration Centre, in the South Terminal of the airport.
# Grayia smithii

Grayia smithii, Smith's African water snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, Zambia, South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Niger, Chad, and Angola.
# Median algebra

In mathematics, a median algebra is a set with a ternary operation $\langle x,y,z\rangle$ satisfying a set of axioms which generalise the notions of medians of triples of real numbers and of the Boolean majority function.
The axioms are
* $\langle x,y,y\rangle =y$
* $\langle x,y,z\rangle =\langle z,x,y\rangle$
* $\langle x,y,z\rangle =\langle x,z,y\rangle$
* $\langle \langle x,w,y\rangle ,w,z\rangle =\langle x,w,\langle y,w,z\rangle \rangle$
The second and third axioms imply commutativity: it is possible (but not easy) to show that in the presence of the other three, axiom (3) is redundant. The fourth axiom implies associativity. There are other possible axiom systems: for example the two
* $\langle x,y,y\rangle =y$
* $\langle u,v,\langle u,w,x\rangle \rangle =\langle u,x,\langle w,u,v\rangle \rangle$
also suffice.
In a Boolean algebra, or more generally a distributive lattice, the median function $\langle x,y,z\rangle =(x\vee y)\wedge (y\vee z)\wedge (z\vee x)$ satisfies these axioms, so that every Boolean algebra and every distributive lattice forms a median algebra.
Birkhoff and Kiss showed that a median algebra with elements 0 and 1 satisfying $\langle 0,x,1\rangle =x$ is a distributive lattice.

## Relation to median graphs

A median graph is an undirected graph in which for every three vertices $x$, $y$, and $z$ there is a unique vertex $\langle x,y,z\rangle$ that belongs to shortest paths between any two of $x$, $y$, and $z$. If this is the case, then the operation $\langle x,y,z\rangle$ defines a median algebra having the vertices of the graph as its elements.
Conversely, in any median algebra, one may define an interval $[x,z]$ to be the set of elements $y$ such that $\langle x,y,z\rangle =y$. One may define a graph from a median algebra by creating a vertex for each algebra element and an edge for each pair $(x,z)$ such that the interval $[x,z]$ contains no other elements. If the algebra has the property that every interval is finite, then this graph is a median graph, and it accurately represents the algebra in that the median operation defined by shortest paths on the graph coincides with the algebra's original median operation.
# Gamaliel IV

Gamaliel IV (flourished probably late 3rd century CE; also known as Gamaliel IV ben Judah II) was the son of the nasi Judah II and father of Judah III.
Gamaliel was the president of the Sanhedrin between 270 and 290 CE. However, due to Roman persecution, during his presidency the name Sanhedrin was dropped and its authoritative decisions were subsequently issued under the name Beth HaMidrash. His name is rarely mentioned in the Talmud, as his scholarship was considered inferior to that of his contemporary Rabbi Yochanan.
Hoshaiah Rabbah is said to have prevented Gamaliel from introducing into Syria a ruling referring to the tithing of crops. The Jerusalem Talmud tells a story of Gamaliel's humility: Once when Abbahu asked him a question about the law, Gamaliel speaks of his own ignorance in comparison with Abbahu.
# Fruit rot

Fruit rot disease may refer to:
* Phomopsis leaf caused in grapes by Phomopsis viticola;
* Kole-roga caused in coconut and betel nut by Phytophthora palmivora;
* Botrytis bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea primarily in grapes;
* Black mold caused by Aspergillus niger;
* Leaf spot, and others, caused by Alternaria alternata;
* Bitter rot caused by Glomerella cingulata;
* Cladosporium rot or Soft rot caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides;
* Kernel rot or Fusariosis on maize (corn) caused by Fusarium sporotrichioides;
* Sour rot caused by Geotrichum candidum;
* Penicillium rot or Blue-eye caused by Penicillium chrysogenum;
* Soft rot or Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum;
* Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola;
* Strawberry fruit rot caused by Pestalotia longisetula
# Norman Macgeorge

Norman Macgeorge (8 July 1872 – 2 September 1952) was an artist and art critic in the colony and State of Victoria.

## History

Norman Macgeorge, artist and collector, was a son of Rachel Elizabeth Macgeorge, née Luxmoore and Alexander Macgeorge, and grandson of Robert Forsyth Macgeorge, prosperous tailors and drapers of Hindley Street then King William Street in Adelaide, South Australia.
He was educated at St Peter's College, Adelaide and studied art at the School of Design in Adelaide under H. P. Gill, and between the years 1891 and 1895 taught art classes at Glenelg Grammar, Queen's College, and Hahndorf College, then moved to Melbourne to continue his studies at the National Gallery School. After failing to win a travelling scholarship in 1899, he made his own way to Britain and Europe, where he visited major centres of art.
He taught freehand drawing at Wesley College, Melbourne, Melbourne Teachers' College, and Melbourne Church of England Grammar School. He married in 1911 and engaged Harold Desbrowe-Annear to build, in bushland at the junction of Darebin Creek and the Yarra River, at 25 Riverside Road, Ivanhoe, a residence "Ballangeich" which remained their lifelong home and a popular gathering place for artists. Now known as "Macgeorge House", it is used by the University of Melbourne to host visiting artists-in-residence.
Norman was a prominent member of the Australian Art Association and its second president, and in 1938 helped found the Contemporary Art Society. He wrote regularly on the arts for the Melbourne Herald.

## Legacy

Childless, Norman died in 1952 and his wife in 1970, leaving their estate to the University of Melbourne, where it continues to fund the Norman Macgeorge Scholarship which ...
    provides PhD students in the visual, creative and performing arts, music, architecture, conservation, literature, creative writing, language, history, philosophy and anthropology at the University of Melbourne with financial assistance to travel overseas on a research trip.

## Works

* Mother of Pearl (1906) held by the National Gallery of Victoria
* Beach scene with man and woman and
* Venice (1930)
    held by the Ian Potter Gallery of the University of Melbourne.
The University also has a large portrait of Macgeorge, painted by his friend and near-neighbour Napier Waller.
# Gmina Bojszowy

Gmina Bojszowy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bieruń-Lędziny County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bojszowy, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Bieruń and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.
The gmina covers an area of 34.07 square kilometres (13.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 7,899.

## Villages

Gmina Bojszowy contains the villages and settlements of Bojszowy, Bojszowy Nowe, Jedlina, Międzyrzecze and Świerczyniec.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Bojszowy is bordered by the towns of Bieruń and Tychy, and by the gminas of Kobiór, Miedźna, Oświęcim and Pszczyna.
# My Shining Hour

"My Shining Hour" is a song composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the film The Sky's the Limit (1943). In the film, the song is sung by Fred Astaire and Sally Sweetland, who dubbed it for actress Joan Leslie. The orchestra was led by Freddie Slack. "My Shining Hour" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song but lost to "You'll Never Know".
The film was released on July 13, 1943. The song became a hit the following year by Glen Gray's Casa Loma Orchestra with Eugenie Baird as vocalist, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard "Best Selling Retail Records" chart. The song's title may have been a reference to Winston Churchill's speech to British citizens during World War II: "if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, this was their finest hour."
In the 1944 film Youth Runs Wild an instrumental version of the song plays during a scene with Kent Smith and Glen Vernon. The song was also used in the film Radio Stars on Parade (1945) when it was sung by Frances Langford accompanied by the Skinnay Ennis orchestra. An instrumental version of the song was also used in The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947).

## Other notable recordings

* 1943 Mabel Mercer
* 1953 Dorothy Carless, Dorothy Carless Sings Informally: 4 Songs by Kurt Weill, 4 Songs by Harold Arlen
* 1955 Warren Galjour, The Music Of Harold Arlen: The Walden Sessions.
* 1960 Ella Fitzgerald, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Harold Arlen Songbook.
* 1961 John Coltrane, Coltrane Jazz
* 1963 Nancy Wilson, Hollywood – My Way
* 1965 Sammy Davis Jr., Our Shining Hour
* 1965 Liza Minnelli, It Amazes Me
* 1977 June Christy, Impromptu (June Christy album)
* 1980 Frank Sinatra, Trilogy: Past Present Future
* 1983 Rosemary Clooney, Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Harold Arlen
* 1993 Peggy Lee, Love Held Lightly: Rare Songs by Harold Arlen
* 1996 Rebecka Törnqvist & Per 'Texas' Johansson, The Stockholm Kaza Session
* 2006 Barbra Streisand, Live in Concert 2006
# Meir Doron

Meir Doron (born November 26, 1954) is an Israeli editor, journalist and publisher, and is the author of several books and award-winning screenplays.

## Biography

Meir Doron was born in Rehovot. During the Yom Kippur War of October 1973, he served in a combat unit along the Suez Canal. He was a communications specialist in the armored personnel carrier of battalion commander Ehud Barak, later Israel’s Prime Minister and Defense Minister. Doron is married with two children.

## Media career

Doron has published over 2,000 articles, interviews, investigative reports and commentaries in a variety of Hebrew-language media in Israel and the US. He began his career as an investigative Journalist for HaOlam HaZeh, a leading weekly in Israel at the time, edited by Israeli journalist Uri Avneri. Doron rose to the position of editor of the entertainment section of La'isha, an Israeli weekly magazine, and as the editor of the Israel Defense Forces magazine B'MAhane Nahal. He has served as the editor in chief of Los Angeles–based Hebrew publications Hadashot LA, Shalom LA, and Shavuah Israeli over a period of fifteen years. He is the publisher and editor of Israeli Life USA, bringing news and information to Israeli-Americans, and the publisher of LA Health News.
Doron co-wrote four full-length screenplays. Bread, directed by Ram Loevy was awarded the Prix Italia 1986 as the best full length TV-film of that year, and was broadcast in the United States on PBS. In 1988 Doron co-wrote Meshakeem Bahoref (Winter Games). In 1989, he co-wrote the original Israeli feature film Helem Krav (Shell Shock), distributed in the US by Sony Pictures Entertainment. His 1990 film Parents & Sons was awarded the Silver Lion (the Israeli Emmy) as best TV-Drama of that year. Doron is a regular lecturer on Hebrew literature at UCLA.
Doron has written three books. From The Heart (2007) is a saga documenting the eighty-year journey of a family from Iraq at the beginning of the 20th century, to United States today. He co-wrote Rebel With a Cause – the story of an urban partisan during World War II, which exclusively documents a number of untold heroic acts by Raoul Wallenberg (2010). He also co-wrote with Joseph Gelman Confidential, the biography of Hollywood producer Arnon Milchan. On July 17, 2011, The New York Times featured the book Confidential in its global business section.
# Noemí Laserre

Noemí Laserre (died April 7, 2001) was an Argentine actress.
# Upper Terrace House

Upper Terrace House is a house in Hampstead in the London Borough of Camden. It has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) since March 1997.
Upper Terrace House dates to the 1740s when it was a terrace of three houses, it was remodelled into a single residence between 1931 and 1932 by Oliver Hill. The NHLE listing describes Hill's remodelling of the facade of the house as demonstrating "how thin was the divide between stripped classicism and full-blown modernism in his work at this time, despite Vogue Regency detailing and the importation of genuine C18 elements to the interior". Additional expansion occurred between 1937 and 1938 by James Forbes of Forbes and Tate. Hill's remodelling was carried out for the amateur architect Colonel Reggie Cooper and his wife. The house was the subject of the main article in the 4 June 1932 issue of Country Life, which included extensive photographs of the interior and exterior.
The art historian and administrator Kenneth Clark and his family moved to the house in 1946 having previously lived at nearby Capo Di Monte on Judge's Walk.
A watercolour of Upper Terrace House by Hugh Casson sold at auction at Christie's in 2005. The sculptor Henry Moore displayed his maquettes for his Madonna & Child at St Matthew's Church, Northampton on the mantelpiece of Upper Terrace House to Clark and Herbert Read so they could give their opinion on his progress towards the finished piece.
Clark's lifelong friend Colin Anderson moved to nearby Admiral's House at the same time that Clark bought Upper Terrace House.
# Myriad of Lights

Myriad of Lights, also translated as Lights of Ten Thousand Homes, is a 1948 Chinese film directed by Shen Fu and starring Shangguan Yunzhu, Wu Yin and Lan Ma.
The film is selected as one of the 100 best 20th-century Chinese films by Asia Weekly. It also ranks #91 in Hong Kong Film Academy's poll of the 100 best Chinese-language films.

## Plot

The film begins with a small family of four (including a servant and a young daughter) in post-war Shanghai. The father, Hu Zhiqing, is a modest office worker. He finds out one day in a letter that his mother and his brother's family are coming down from the provinces to join him because living conditions are tough in the countryside. His wife cautions him that this means household expenses will increase greatly.
Spiraling inflation makes it difficult for Hu to feed the nine people in this extended family. They have to cramp themselves in a small, rented apartment. Things become even more difficult after he is dismissed from his job by Qian Jianming, a former friend. Hu cannot find a new job and his younger brother has to work odd jobs on the streets. His wife has a quarrel with his mother and then suffers a miscarriage. He is mistaken as a pickpocket and gets beaten up on a public bus. Distraught, Hu gets run over accidentally by Qian's chauffeur.
Hu lies in a hospital in a coma for days. His mother and wife search frantically for him and are reconciled in the process. As they meet again in their old apartment after Hu finds his way home, each declares that he or she has been at fault. But the film ends with Hu's realization that none of them is really at fault; it is only the hard times which are making things exceptionally difficult.

## Cast

* Shangguan Yunzhu as Lan Youlan
* Lan Ma as Hu Zhiqing
* Wu Yin as Old Mrs Hu
* Wang Ping as Mrs Chen
* Shen Yang as Hu Chunsheng
* Qi Heng as Qian Jianming
* Gao Zheng as Xiaozhao
* Wei Jiang as Zhu Zhihao
* Li Wanqing as Ah Zhen
# William Warren (journalist)

William Warren (1833 – 3 January 1900) was the fifth mayor of Queenstown Borough in New Zealand.
He was born in Royston, England. His father John was also a journalist. William followed the gold rush to Victoria and then Otago. In 1864 he acquired, initially in partnership with R.Wills; the Wakatip Mail and became sole owner in May 1867. William Warren was a borough councillor for many years and served two terms as mayor of Queenstown; 1877–1878 and 1881–1882. He also formed a Cadet Corps in the Volunteer movement, and was the Captain.
He was prominent in the Freemasons, joining the Masonic Lake Lodge of Ophir in 1868, and held several offices in a long membership. He also took a prominent part in the Anglican Church.
In 1873 he married Margaret Jane Beggs and they had four children.
Flood and fire threatened the Wakatip Mail newspaper in its early years. In 1878 there was a major flood in Queenstown and the newspaper's stock was damaged.
The following year two of Warren's children lit some paper and the newspaper office was completely destroyed by fire, along with a new type and materials only been received from Melbourne the previous day. The paper missed only one issue, with help from the Arrow Observer newspaper.
In 1883 Warren himself was in strife following the Mail publication of a scathing article about a public address by J T Marryat Hornsby of the neighbouring Arrowtown newspaper, the Lake County Press. The Mail had implied that Hornsby was a convict by saying he came from Tasmania. Hornsby successfully sued for damages for libel.
# Gmina Bojanowo

Gmina Bojanowo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Rawicz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bojanowo, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Rawicz and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
The gmina covers an area of 123.5 square kilometres (47.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,938, of which the population of Bojanowo is 3,014, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,924.

## Villages

Apart from the town of Bojanowo, Gmina Bojanowo contains the villages and settlements of Czechnów, Gierłachowo, Giżyn, Gołaszyn, Golina Wielka, Golinka, Gościejewice, Kawcze, Pakówka, Parłowice, Potrzebowo, Sowiny, Sułów Mały, Szemzdrowo, Tarchalin, Trzebosz, Wydartowo Drugie, Wydartowo Pierwsze and Zaborowice.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Bojanowo is bordered by the gminas of Góra, Miejska Górka, Poniec, Rawicz, Rydzyna and Wąsosz.
# William Corry (disambiguation)

William M. Corry Jr. (1889–1920) was a U.S. Navy officer and Medal of Honor recipient.
William Corry may also refer to:
* William Corry (Cincinnati mayor) (1779–1833), American politician in Ohio
* Sir William Corry, 2nd Baronet (1859–1926), of the Corry baronets
* Sir William James Corry, 4th Baronet (1924–2000), of the Corry baronets
# Tolkach

The tolkachs (Russian: толкачи, IPA:, lit. pushers) emerged in the Soviet Union as employees of enterprises whose role was to use informal connections to enable production managers to meet or manipulate targeted outputs imposed by the central economic plan. They evolved in the context of the various Five Year Plans helping them to work by violating their core principles: i.e. as success was determined by meeting the targets, using persuasion to have targets reduced was a means of achieving success.
The tolkachs were premier practitioners of blat, a contemporaneous Russian term to describe the procurement of favours. By 1937 the tolkachs had come to occupy a key position mediating between the enterprises and the commissariat.
# Noemí Gualinga

Noemí Gualinga (born 1967 or 1968 (age 56–57)), known as "mother of the jungle", is a community leader of and activist for the Sarayaku, an Amazonian Kichwa indigenous group from the Ecuadorian Amazon numbering roughly 1,200.
Noemí is the sister of Patricia Gualinga, mother of Nina and Helena Gualinga, and daughter of Corina Montalvo and Sabino Gualinga, a family of Sarayaku rights defenders. She is married to Fenno-Swedish biologist Anders Henrik Sirén. They have lived in Puyo, Pastaza since 2017.

## Early life

As a young women, Gualinga worked in the Organization of the Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza. Starting at age 23, she featured in radio broadcasts in Puyo, giving out medical advice and advocating for the preservation of Kichwa culture.

## Sarayaku oil development conflict

In 1996, the Ecuadorian government granted Argentinian oil company Compañía General de Combustibles (CGC), also known as the Argentinean General Fuel Company, exploration rights to territory held by the Sarayaku without first consulting the local community. The company entered Sarayaku land in 2002 with the aid of Ecuadorian military and allegedly committed human rights abuses, such as threats of rape.
In response, the Sarayaku community, led by female leaders such as Gualinga, organized protests against the intrusions in 2003, and opened a legal case that was heard before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). The Sarayaku were able to block oil development by constructing "Camps for Peace and Life".
On July 25, 2012, the IACHR ruled the State of Ecuador responsible for violating community rights of the Sarayaku and failing to obtain free, prior, and informed consent from the indigenous community, in accordance with international standards for indigenous consent before development projects, laws, or policies that would affect their way of life.

## 2020 flooding and COVID-19 pandemic

In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic began to spread among indigenous communities, the Bobonaza and Arajuno rivers flooded, heavily affecting the Sarayaku villages. During the quarantine period, from March to July, Noemí Gualinga organized daily missions to bring food relief from the city of Puyo to her home. She helped organize COVID-19 testing in Sarayaku.

## Other activities

Gualinga has led the Sarayaku Women’s Association, Kuriñampi (Golden Paths), since 2017. She coordinates the women's sales of jewelry and handicrafts. She is also a member of Mujeres Amazónicas, a collective for women defenders of natural rights.
Noemí appears rarely as a leader in photographs, but has taken part in protests such as those of March 2018 at the Carondelet Palace in Quito, where 60 women from 11 indigenous nationalities demanded an audience with President Lenin Moreno.
Gualinga continues to work as a community leader and provider of aid. In one instance, she helped a woman who had fled from her abusive husband, who had given their 12-year-old daughter to a man in a form of forced marriage long-running in indigenous communities.
# Mortagne

Mortagne may refer to:
* Mortagne (river), a river in northeastern France
* places in France:
** Mortagne, Vosges, in the Vosges department
** Mortagne-au-Perche, in the Orne department
** Mortagne-du-Nord, in the Nord department
** Mortagne-sur-Gironde, in the Charente-Maritime department
** Mortagne-sur-Sèvre, in the Vendée department
** Bec-de-Mortagne, in the Seine-Maritime department
# Gamaliel Clifton

Gamaliel Clifton or Clyfton (died 1541) was a Canon of Windsor from 1522 to 1541 and Dean of Hereford from 1530 to 1541.
He was appointed:
* Prebendary of York Minster, 1500–1541
* Prebendary of Hereford Cathedral, 1528
* Dean of Hereford, 1530
He was appointed to the twelfth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1522, and held the stall until 1541.
Clifton received a papal dispensation for homicide in 1513.