OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Knob Mountain (Pennsylvania)

Knob Mountain (also known as Nob Mountain) is a ridge in the northeastern part of Columbia County, Pennsylvania and parts of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Its elevation is over 1720 feet above sea level. Knob Mountain can be seen from a considerable distance, and is also visible from Bloomsburg. The peak of the mountain is one of the highest points in Columbia County.

## Geology and geography

Knob Mountain's western terminus is near Orangeville. The mountain runs eastward and slightly northward for ten or twelve miles (16 or 20 kilometers) before descending to the level of the surrounding land, slightly over the Luzerne County line. However, it has a slightly lower subsidiary peak known as Huntington Mountain that extends in approximately the same direction as the main mountain as far as Shickshinny.
Knob Mountain is a fairly steep mountain. It is more steep on its northern side than it is on its southern side. Its base is in the watersheds of Fishing Creek and Huntington Creek. At one point, Fishing Creek makes a sharp curve around the base of Knob Mountain. The outline of the mountain is fairly uniform. However, there is a notch near the eastern terminus of Knob Mountain.
A terminal moraine runs from the nearby Lee Mountain to the southern base of Knob Mountain and then over Knob Mountain to Fishing Creek. The mountain has coarse, hard sandstone near its peak and is situated in the Wyoming coal basin. This coal basin is part of a chain of coal-containing areas that runs between Lackawanna County and Dauphin County. The Wyoming and Lackawanna coal field terminates at Knob Mountain. There is also a red shale basin under the mountain.
Lee Mountain and Huntington Mountain are mountains that are near to Knob Mountain, and they can be considered eastward extensions of Knob Mountain.

## Climbing

Knob Mountain can be approached from any direction. Two roads cross over the main part of the mountain. The highest point on the whole ridge is over 1720 feet.

## History

The area in the vicinity of Fishing Creek and Knob Mountain was first settled in 1780. However, it was not until 1785 that large numbers of people traveled to the area around Knob Mountain. The settlers that arrived in this year primarily traveled from New Jersey to the mouth of Fishing Creek via Berwick and from the mouth of Fishing Creek up the creek's valley to near Knob Mountain. Such settlement was, at the time, the northernmost non-native settlement in the Fishing Creek watershed. A community at the base of the mountain was built in 1822. An Indian path once passed over the mountain near its eastern terminus. The Susquehanna and Tioga Turnpike once crossed over Knob Mountain. A township border was once determined to be a heap of stones on the top of Knob Mountain.

## Fauna and flora

Knob Mountain has forests at its peak. It is surrounded by agricultural communities. In the early days of civilization in the area around Knob Mountain, the mountain was commonly believed to be home to numerous wolves and bears.
# Valverde (Aguiar da Beira)

Valverde is a former freguesia ("civil parish") in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Souto de Aguiar da Beira in 2013 to form the new freguesia Souto de Aguiar da Beira e Valverde.

## Demography

* Population from 1864 to 2011
* Population variation from 1864 to 2011

## Monuments

Igreja matriz de Valverde
Capela de Santo Antão
Fonte romana de Valverde
# Vangaveeti (film)

Vangaveeti is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language biographical action film written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film is based on the life of politician Vangaveeti Mohana Ranga, and his elder brother Vangaveeti Radha Krishna and their altercation with communist dominated Vijayawada of the 1970s-80s in Andhra Pradesh.
The film stars Sandeep Kumar, Vamsi Nakkanti, Kautilya, Shritej, Vamsi Chaganti, and Naina Ganguly. The theatrical trailer of the film was released on 2 October 2016 in Hyderabad, and the film was released on 23 December 2016.

## Plot

Set up in the 1970s Vijayawada, Vangaveeti Ranga's elder brother, Vangaveeti Radha also known as "Bustand Radha", gets associated with Communist Party of India, secretary for Vijayawada, Venkata Rathnam. After few years, conflicts arise between Venkata Rathnam, and Vangaveeti Radha, to get a hold on the Vijayawada transport business, dominated by the followers of Venkata Rathnam.
In 1972, Venkata Rathnam was murdered by Vangaveeti Radha and his supporters. These events, in turn, leads to the retaliation by a rival group, and the murder of Vangaveeti Radha. Upon the death of Vangaveeti Radha, his brother Mohana Ranga takes over the leadership of United independent Organization with the support of student union leaders Devineni Gandhi, and Devineni Nehru.
However, leadership issues and power struggles between politically powerful Mohana Ranga, and the Devineni Family leads to the splitting of the United independent organization, and in retaliation, Mohana Ranga's associate's murder Devineni Gandhi in 1979. At this juncture, Mohana Ranga's political career begins in 1981, when he contests in the municipal election when the Indian National Congress Party withdrew its official candidate in his favour. Later, his rival in the district, Nehru, gets sponsored by the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), which was dominated by the Kamma caste, while Ranga becomes a leader from Kapu community and stood for downtrodden. Ranga becomes an MLA for the Congress Party in 1985; Nehru becomes a TDP MLA, and eventually a minister.
Starting in 1983, both leaders implicate themselves in gang warfare, which was fed by caste rivalry between Kamma and Kapu; while N. T. Rama Rao was at the time the first Kamma chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. In 1988, Devineni Nehru's younger brother, Devineni Murali, was murdered by Mohana Ranga's associates in retaliation for his killings of few Ranga's associates. Subsequently, while on a hunger strike in support of issues of farmers, a group of men led by political rivals in the region, attack Mohana Ranga's camp in the early hours of 25 December 1988.

## Cast

* Sandeep Kumar in a dual role as Vangaveeti Radha and Vangaveeti Ranga
* Vamsi Nakkanti as Chalasani Venkata Ratnam
* Kautilya as Devineni Gandhi
* Sritej as Devineni Nehru
* Vamsi Chaganti as Devineni Murali
* Naina Ganguly as Ratna Kumari, Vangaveeti Ranga's wife
* Surya Chowdary as Gaja
* Kalyan Krishna as a member of radha gang
* Swarnakanth as Ambati Subbarao
* Rama Rao Jadhav as Mudragada Padmanabham
* Laxman Meesala

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ravi Shankar and released by Mango Music.
# PSLV-C38

PSLV-C38 was the 40th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program and its 17th mission in the XL configuration. PSLV-C38 successfully carried and deployed 31 satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit. It was launched on 23 June 2017 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

## Payload and other parameters

PSLV-C38 carried the Indian mapping satellite Cartosat-2E as its main payload that weighed 712 kg (1,570 lb). 30 smaller satellites were carried as secondary payload, among them the Indian university NIUSAT monitoring satellite, Japanese CE-SAT1 technology demonstrator, Austrian AT-03 Pegasus research satellite and American CICERO-6 weather satellite. Satellites of Belgium, Chile, the Czech Republic VZLUSat-1, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia SkCube, and the United Kingdom were also launched.
The NIUSAT satellite, weighing around 15 kg (33 lb), was prepared as a collaborative work by over 200 students of the Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari and is used for disaster management and crop monitoring. The work on the satellite began in 2007 and cost ₹37 crore (US$4.4 million) with help from ISRO. It was conceived by University's chancellor A. P. Majeed Khan post 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster.
Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office Jitendra Singh stated that ISRO earned ₹45.2 crore (EUR 6.1 million) from launching foreign satellites on PSLV-C38.
# PSLF

PSLF may refer to:
* Palaung State Liberation Front
* Public Service Loan Forgiveness
# I Demand Payment

I Demand Payment is a 1938 American drama film directed by Clifford Sanforth and starring Betty Burgess, Jack La Rue and Matty Kemp. It is based on Rob Eden's 1932 novel Second Choice. Sherman L. Lowe wrote the screenplay. It was produced by Poverty Row company Imperial Pictures.

## Plot

A man finds himself drawn in too deep after going to work for a loan shark, and his new wife tries to leave him after discovering his true occupation.

## Cast

* Betty Burgess as Judith Avery
* Jack La Rue as Smiles Badolio
* Matty Kemp as Toby Locke
* Guinn "Big Boy" Williams as Happy Crofton
* Lloyd Hughes as Doctor Craig Mitchell
* Anthony Orlando as Louie Badolio
* Sheila Terry as Rita Avery
* Bryant Washburn as Joe Travis
* Donald Kirke as Mr. Twitchett
* Harry Holman as Justice of Peace
* Edward Keene as District Attorney
* Norma Taylor as Miss Farnsworth

## Reception

Billboard wrote that it was "a powerful illustration that crime does not pay". Variety's review described the film as featuring "The loan-shark racket framed in an undistinguished production" and as "Imperial's contribution to the gangster cycle." It noted, "It provides an hour's entertainment for fans with time to kill who do not care how they kill it.... Bright spots in the production are Jack La Rue and Matty Kemp, standouts in unsympathetic parts, and Betty Burgess as the femme lead. La Rue's strong personality and intensity as a strong-arm guy practically dominates the entire proceedings... Story progresses in routine fashion until the melodramatic climax where Kemp is cornered in his hideout after fleeing gang vengeance... Action fans who like plenty of gun-play will get it here". The New York Daily News rated it two stars, stating in its review that "Matty Kemp tries desperately to give a fine performance in a film distinctly amateurish." The Film Daily stated that the film "rates weak with amateur script and direction" and called the photography "fair".
# PERT distribution

In probability and statistics, the PERT distributions are a family of continuous probability distributions defined by the minimum (a), most likely (b) and maximum (c) values that a variable can take. It is a transformation of the four-parameter beta distribution with an additional assumption that its expected value is
    $\mu ={\frac {a+4b+c}{6}}.$
The mean of the distribution is therefore defined as the weighted average of the minimum, most likely and maximum values that the variable may take, with four times the weight applied to the most likely value. This assumption about the mean was first proposed in Clark, 1962 for estimating the effect of uncertainty of task durations on the outcome of a project schedule being evaluated using the program evaluation and review technique, hence its name. The mathematics of the distribution resulted from the authors' desire to make the standard deviation equal to about 1/6 of the range. The PERT distribution is widely used in risk analysis to represent the uncertainty of the value of some quantity where one is relying on subjective estimates, because the three parameters defining the distribution are intuitive to the estimator. The PERT distribution is featured in most simulation software tools.

## Comparison with the triangular distribution

The PERT distribution offers an alternative to using the triangular distribution which takes the same three parameters. The PERT distribution has a smoother shape than the triangular distribution. The triangular distribution has a mean equal to the average of the three parameters:
    $\mu ={\frac {a+b+c}{3}}$
which (unlike PERT) places equal emphasis on the extreme values which are usually less-well known than the most likely value, and is therefore less reliable. The triangular distribution also has an angular shape that does not match the smoother shape that typifies subjective knowledge.

## The modified-PERT distribution

The PERT distribution assigns very small probability to extreme values, particularly to the extreme furthest away from the most likely value if the distribution is strongly skewed. The Modified PERT distribution was proposed to provide more control on how much probability is assigned to tail values of the distribution. The modified-PERT introduces a fourth parameter $\gamma ,$ that controls the weight of the most likely value in the determination of the mean:
    $\mu ={\frac {a+\gamma b+c}{\gamma +2}}$
Typically, values of between 2 and 3.5 are used for $\gamma ,$ and have the effect of flattening the density curve; the unmodified PERT would use $\gamma =4$. This is useful for highly skewed distributions where the distances $(b-a),$ and $(c-b),$ are of very different sizes.
The modified-PERT distribution has been implemented in several simulation packages and programming languages:
* ModelRisk – risk analysis add-in for Excel.
* Primavera risk analysis – project risk analysis simulation tool.
* Tamara – project risk analysis simulation tool.
* Wolfram Mathematica – mathematical symbolic computation program.
* R (programming language): mc2d package.
* Python (programming language): pertdist package.
# Peter Milkovich

Peter Milkovich (born October 17, 1966) is a Canadian field hockey player and coach. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.
# Iain Hollingshead

Iain Hollingshead (born 1980) is a British freelance journalist and novelist.
Iain writes feature articles for a range of publications, The Daily Telegraph in particular. He also wrote a regular column called Loose Ends in Saturday's Guardian. He has taken part in a number of radio shows, including BBC Radio 4's Today programme and You and Yours.
His father is a GP and his mother is a teacher. He has one elder brother. Iain graduated from Cambridge University in 2003 with a first class degree in History. He worked for a year in Westminster - at Vote 2004 and the private office of Michael Howard - before pursuing a full-time career as a journalist. Vote 2004 was described in the Sunday Telegraph as the "most successful political campaign of all time". Iain was runner-up in the Guardian Student Media Awards as Columnist of the Year. While at university he also founded and edited The Cambridge Slapper - a popular satirical magazine.
Iain is currently working as a History and Politics teacher at Dulwich College.
Iain has written a musical called 'The End of History' which is showing at the Tristan Bates Theatre in Covent Garden in November 2017.

## Works

His first novel, Twenty Something: The Quarter-life Crisis of Jack Lancaster was published in 2006 by Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd. The book won him the infamous literary Bad Sex in Fiction Award, which he accepted in person announcing "I hope to win it every year". He is the youngest author to have won the somewhat dubious honour. This book has also been translated into Vietnamese by Le Thu Thuy, under the title "Tung qua tuoi hai muoi tong mui shacs sli now", and was well received by young Vietnamese readers. Overall the novel was well received, drawing critics' comparison with Sue Townsend, Helen Fielding and Tony Parsons.
Iain wrote the book and lyrics for the satirical musical Blair on Broadway, first performed in October 1946 at the Hen and Chickens Theatre in Highbury.
He is currently working on his second novel, and has a three-book deal to write fictionalised spin-offs of the TV series Spooks.

## Awards

Iain was listed as one of the E.S. Magazine's top '50 Brit Young Things' of 2006.
# P. Balaraman

P. Balaraman is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He was elected from the Ponneri constituency to the Fifteenth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party in the 2016 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections.

## Electoral performance

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Ponneri :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Durai Chandrasekar | 94,528 | 45.00% | New |
| | AIADMK | P. Balaraman | 84,839 | 40.39% | −8.17 |
| | NTK | A. Maheswari | 19,027 | 9.06% | +8.24 |
| | MNM | D. Desingurajan | 5,394 | 2.57% | New |
| | AMMK | Pon. Raja | 2,832 | 1.35% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,554 | 0.74% | −0.42 |
| | BSP | J. Bhavani Ilavenil | 1,106 | 0.53% | −0.06 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 9,689 | 4.61% | −5.17% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,10,054 | 78.57% | −0.36% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 203 | 0.10% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,67,345 | | |
| | INC gain from AIADMK | INC gain from AIADMK | Swing | -3.56% | |
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Ponneri :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AIADMK | P. Balaraman | 95,979 | 48.56% | −8.94 |
| | DMK | Dr. K. Parimalam | 76,643 | 38.78% | +0.48 |
| | PMK | A. Pandian | 9,586 | 4.85% | New |
| | VCK | V. Senthil Kumar | 5,566 | 2.82% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 2,284 | 1.16% | New |
| | BJP | K. Ganesan | 2,067 | 1.05% | +0.23 |
| | NTK | S. Vinoth Babu | 1,620 | 0.82% | New |
| | BSP | S. Raja | 1,152 | 0.58% | −0.24 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 19,336 | 9.78% | −9.42% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,97,648 | 78.93% | −1.50% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,50,403 | | |
| | AIADMK hold | AIADMK hold | Swing | -8.94% | |
2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Ponneri :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AIADMK | P. Balaraman | 84,259 | 48.09% | New |
| | DMK | V. Anbuvanan | 73,170 | 41.76% | +5.54 |
| | DMDK | S. Angamuthu | 13,508 | 7.71% | New |
| | Independent | E. Mani | 1,649 | 0.94% | New |
| | CPI(ML)L | S. Janakiraman | 1,185 | 0.68% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 11,089 | 6.33% | −12.04% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,75,229 | 70.61% | 9.37% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,48,155 | | |
| | AIADMK gain from CPI | AIADMK gain from CPI | Swing | -6.50% | |
# P. elegans

P. elegans may refer to any of the following species:
* Phaps elegans, the brush bronzewing, a bird
* Phlebolepis elegans, a prehistoric jawless fish
* Piperia elegans, the elegant piperia, coast piperia, hillside rein orchid or hillside bogorchid, an orchid native to western North America
* Plagiorchis elegans, a parasitic trematode (fluke)
* Platycercus elegans, the crimson rosella, a parrot native to eastern and south eastern Australia which has been introduced to New Zealand and Norfolk Island
* Platycraniellus elegans, an extinct species of non-mammalian synapsids
* Platypodium elegans, the graceful platypodium, a large tree found in the Neotropics
* Plestiodon elegans, the five-striped blue-tailed skink or Shanghai skink, a lizard found in East Asia
* Poiretia elegans, a flowering plant in the legume family (Fabaceae) found in Brazil
* Polyscias elegans, the celery wood, a rainforest tree found in eastern Australia
* Pomatias elegans, the round-mouthed snail, a small land snail
* Prioniodus elegans, a conodont
* Protaetia elegans, a flower chafer found in Taiwan
* Psychopyge elegans, a trilobite
* Ptychosperma elegans, the Alexander palm, solitaire palm, cabbage palm or elegant palm, a palm endemic to Australia
* Parasagitta elegans, an arrow worm

## Synonyms

* Pagurus elegans, a synonym of Calcinus elegans, a hermit crab
* Palaeocasuarius elegans, a synonym for Megalapteryx didinus, the Upland moa, an extinct bird endemic to New Zealand
* Paramecolabus elegans, a synonym of Catalabus elegans, a beetle found in India
* Periclimenes elegans, a synonym of Cuapetes elegans, a shrimp
* Phyracaces elegans, a synonym for Cerapachys elegans, an ant found in Australia
* Pleroma elegans, a synonym of Tibouchina elegans, an ornamental plant native to Brazil
* Pleurothallis elegans, a synonym for Stelis roseopunctata, an orchid
* Pococera elegans, a synonym of Cacozelia elegans, a snout moth found in Venezuela
* Pterodactylus elegans, a synonym of Ctenochasma elegans, a pterosaur
# 1986 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix

The 1986 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix was the tenth round of the 1986 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 9–10 August at the Scandinavian Raceway.

## Classification
### 500 cc

| Pos. | Rider | Team | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| 1 | Eddie Lawson | Marlboro Yamaha Team Agostini | Yamaha | 48:59.330 | 15 |
| 2 | Wayne Gardner | Rothmans Team HRC | Honda | +16.040 | 12 |
| 3 | Mike Baldwin | Team Lucky Strike Roberts | Yamaha | +18.440 | 10 |
| 4 | Rob McElnea | Marlboro Yamaha Team Agostini | Yamaha | +19.560 | 8 |
| 5 | Raymond Roche | Racing Team Katayama | Honda | +42.240 | 6 |
| 6 | Didier de Radiguès | Rollstar Honda Racing Team | Honda | +49.730 | 5 |
| 7 | Niall Mackenzie | Skoal Bandit Heron Suzuki | Suzuki | +58.460 | 4 |
| 8 | Randy Mamola | Team Lucky Strike Roberts | Yamaha | +1:09.410 | 3 |
| 9 | Ron Haslam | Team ROC | Honda | +1 lap | 2 |
| 10 | Wolfgang Von Muralt | Frankonia-Suzuki | Suzuki | +1 lap | 1 |
| 11 | Marco Gentile | Fior | Fior | +1 lap | |
| 12 | Peter Linden | | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 13 | Boet van Dulmen | | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 14 | Shunji Yatsushiro | Team HRC | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 15 | Paul Iddon | Skoal Bandit Heron Suzuki | Suzuki | +1 lap | |
| 16 | Manfred Fischer | Team Hein Gericke | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 17 | Henk van der Mark | | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 18 | Simon Buckmaster | | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 19 | Eero Hyvärinen | | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 20 | Alan Jeffrey | | Suzuki | +1 lap | |
| 21 | Mile Pajic | Stichting Netherlands Racing Team | Honda | +1 lap | |
| 22 | Maarten Duyzers | | Suzuki | +1 lap | |
| 23 | Esko Kuparinen | | Honda | +2 laps | |
| 24 | Paul Ramon | | Suzuki | +2 laps | |
| 25 | Claus Wulff | | Suzuki | +2 laps | |
| Ret | Åke Dahli | | Suzuki | Retired | |
| Ret | Fabio Biliotti | Team Italia | Honda | Accident | |
| Ret | Peter Sköld | | Bakker-Honda | Retired | |
| Ret | Dietmar Mayer | | Honda | Retired | |
| Ret | Ari Rämö | | Suzuki | Retired | |
| Ret | Lars Johansson | | Suzuki | Retired | |
| Ret | Christian le Liard | Team ROC | Honda | Retired | |
| Ret | Helmut Schütz | Rallye Sport | Honda | Accident | |
| Ret | Josef Doppler | HRC Grieskirched | Honda | Retired | |
| Ret | Christopher Bürki | | Honda | Retired | |
| Ret | Mark Phillips | | Suzuki | Accident | |
| DNS | Marco Papa | | Honda | Did not start | |
| DNQ | Geir Hestmann | | Suzuki | Did not qualify | |
| DNQ | Gunnar Bruhn | | Yamaha | Did not qualify | |
| DNQ | Patrick Salles | | Suzuki | Did not qualify | |
| Sources: ||||||