OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Omalogyra

Omalogyra is a genus of minute marine gastropod molluscs in the family Omalogyridae.
This genus includes the smallest gastropods, with adult sizes of 1 mm and even less.

## Species

Species within the genus Omalogyra include:
* Omalogyra ammonitoides (Powell, 1940)
* Omalogyra antarctica Egorova, 1991
* Omalogyra atomus (Philippi, 1841) - atom snail
* Omalogyra burdwoodiana Strebel, 1908
* Omalogyra densicostata (Jeffreys, 1884)
* Omalogyra disculus Palazzi, 1988
* Omalogyra fusca Suter, 1908(Jeffreys, 1884)
* Omalogyra fuscopardalis Rolán, 1992
* Omalogyra liliputia (Laseron, 1954)
* Omalogyra simplex (Costa O.G., 1861)
* Omalogyra taludana Castellanos, 1989
* Omalogyra undosa Palazzi, 1988
* Omalogyra zebrina Rolán, 1992

### Species brought into synonymy

* Omalogyra (Ammonicera) Vayssière, 1893: synonym of Ammonicera Vayssière, 1893
* Omalogyra (Ammonicera) planorbis (Dall, 1927): synonym of Palazzia planorbis (Dall, 1927)
* Omalogyra (Ammonicera) rota Forbes & Hanley, 1850: synonym of Ammonicera rota (Forbes & Hanley, 1850)
* Omalogyra atomus (Philippi, 1841) sensu Arnaud, 1972: synonym of Omalogyra antarctica Egorova, 1991 (misapplication)
* Omalogyra ausonia Palazzi, 1988: synonym of Palazzia ausonia (Palazzi, 1988)
* Omalogyra bicarinata Suter, 1908: synonym of Zerotula bicarinata (Suter, 1908)
* Omalogyra discula Palazzi, 1988: synonym of Omalogyra disculus Palazzi, 1988
* Omalogyra fischeriana Monterosato, 1869: synonym of Ammonicera fischeriana (Monterosato, 1869)
* Omalogyra nodicarinata Sleurs, 1983: synonym of Ammonicera nodicarinata (Sleurs, 1985)
* Omalogyra planorbis (Dall, 1927): synonym of Palazzia planorbis (Dall, 1927)
* Omalogyra pulcherrima Brazier in Henn & Brazier, 1894: synonym of Liotella pulcherrima (Brazier in Henn & Brazier, 1894)
* Omalogyra vangoethemi Sleurs, 1983: synonym of Ammonicera vangoethemi (Sleurs, 1985)
# Özkök

Özkök is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ertuğrul Özkök (born 1947), Turkish journalist
* Hilmi Özkök (born 1940), Turkish general
* İpek Özkök (born 1982), Turkish actress and model
# Quebec Route 345

Route 345 is a provincial highway located in the Lanaudière region of Quebec. It runs from the junction of Route 158 in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier and ends at the junction of Route 131 in Saint-Félix-de-Valois.

## Municipalities along Route 345

* Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier
* Sainte-Elizabeth
* Saint-Félix-de-Valois

## Major intersections

| RCM | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| D'Autray | Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier | 0 | 0.0 | R-158 – Joliette, Berthierville | Rotary; southern terminus |
| Matawinie | Saint-Félix-de-Valois | 12.3 | 7.6 | R-131 (Chemin de Joliette) – Joliette, Saint-Jean-de-Matha | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands

The Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands (English: Humanist Association of Germany) is an organisation to promote and spread a secular humanist worldview and an advocate for the rights of nonreligious people. It was founded 1993 in Berlin and counts about 20,000 members. The HVD is a member of the International Humanist and Ethical Union and the European Humanist Federation.

## History

The federation was formed in 1993, some years after the reunification of Germany at the end of a difficult period for organised humanism, which had been stamped out by the Nazis early in the lead-up to World War II, and then suppressed by communism in the East and strong religious majorities in the West of Germany. HVD's predecessor, the German Freethinkers League, was very successful at the time it was targeted by Hitler, with 500,000 members across Germany.

## Aims

The HVD is committed to secularism, human rights, democracy, egalitarianism and mutual respect. The association works for an open and inclusive society with freedom of belief and speech, and for an end to the privileged position of religion and/or churches in law, education, broadcasting and wherever else it occurs.

## Activities

The HVD is a provider of humanist and non-religious ceremonies in many regions, and maintains several Kindergartens in Berlin, Hanover and Braunschweig. In Berlin, the HVD is responsible for the optional school subject Humanistische Lebenskunde, with about 54,000 participants in 2013. The HVD supports a youth organisation Junge Humanistinnen & Humanisten in Deutschland (JuHu).
The association is a well-known consultant for advance health care directives, runs hospices and offers consultation on family planning and abortion.
# Visa policy of Fiji

The visa policy of Fiji allows citizens of certain countries to enter Fiji without a visa.
Citizens of certain other countries are required to have a visa from one of the Fijian diplomatic missions. Alternatively, they may obtain an Online Visa.
All visitors must have a passport valid for 6 months.

## Visa exemption

Citizens of the following countries and territories may enter Fiji without a visa for up to 4 months. Extension of stay is possible for 2 months, but no more than 6 months.
| Antigua and Barbuda  Argentina  Australia  Bahamas  Bangladesh  Barbados  Belize  Botswana  Brazil  Brunei  Canada  Chile  China  Colombia  Cuba  Dominica  Eswatini  Gambia  Georgia  Ghana  Grenada | Guyana  Hong Kong  Iceland  India  Indonesia  Israel  Jamaica  Japan  Kenya  Kiribati  Lesotho  Liechtenstein  Macao  Malawi  Malaysia  Maldives  Marshall Islands  Mauritius  Mexico  Micronesia  Moldova | Monaco  Nauru  New Zealand  Nigeria  Norway  Palau  Papua New Guinea  Paraguay  Peru  Philippines  Russia  Saint Kitts and Nevis  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Samoa  Serbia  Seychelles  Singapore  Solomon Islands  South Africa  South Korea | Switzerland  Taiwan  Tanzania  Thailand  Tonga  Trinidad and Tobago  Tunisia  Turkey  Tuvalu  Uganda  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates  United Kingdom  United States  Uruguay  Vanuatu  Vatican City  Venezuela  Zambia  Zimbabwe |

## Online Visa

Citizens of other countries have the option to obtain an Online Visa.

## Visa types

There are 2 types of visa: single-entry and multiple-entry. A single-entry visa is intended for one visit within 3 months. A multiple-entry visa is intended for multiple visits within 12 months. The documents required depend on the type of visit and must be submitted prior to travel.

## Visitor statistics

Most visitors arriving to Fiji were from the following countries of nationality:
| Country | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 |
| Australia | 345,149 | 18,569 | 58,062 | 367,020 | 365,660 | 365,689 | 360,370 | 367,273 |
| New Zealand | 152,863 | 532 | 25,316 | 205,998 | 198,718 | 184,595 | 163,836 | 138,537 |
| United States | 69,897 | 4,233 | 17,198 | 96,968 | 86,075 | 81,198 | 69,628 | 67,831 |
| China | 5,756 | 2,178 | 9,319 | 47,027 | 49,271 | 48,796 | 49,083 | 40,174 |
| United Kingdom | 5,888 | 188 | 3,487 | 16,856 | 16,297 | 16,925 | 16,712 | 16,716 |
| Canada | 9,879 | 358 | 2,896 | 13,269 | 13,220 | 12,421 | 11,780 | 11,709 |
| South Korea | 709 | 51 | 548 | 6,806 | 8,176 | 8,871 | 8,071 | 6,700 |
| Japan | 854 | 233 | 2,252 | 14,868 | 11,903 | 6,350 | 6,274 | 6,092 |
| Total | 636,312 | 31,618 | 146,905 | 894,389 | 870,309 | 842,884 | 792,320 | 754,835 |
# Ramón Trujillo Carreño

Ramón Trujillo (born in 1931) is a linguist specialising in semantics at the University of La Laguna. In 2002 he was given the title of profesor emérito, one of the highest academic distinctions in Spain.
# Jean-Gabriel Castel

Jean-Gabriel Castel OC OOnt KC FRSC (17 September 1928 – 30 December 2023) was a French and Canadian law professor and Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus at Osgoode Hall Law School of York University,Toronto.

## Biography

Born in Nice, France, he served in the French Resistance during World War II receiving military decorations for his service. After the war, he received two law degrees in Paris. He was one of the first foreign Fulbright scholars. He received a J.D. in 1953 from the University of Michigan and a D. Juris. in 1958 from Harvard University.
From 1954 to 1959, he taught at the Faculty of Law of McGill University, where he served as the first Faculty Advisor to the McGill Law Journal. In 1959, he moved to Osgoode Hall Law School and taught there until his retirement in 1999. From 1957 to 1984, he was editor-in-chief of the Canadian Bar Review.
Castel was the author of Canadian Conflict of Laws, the leading Canadian work on the conflict of laws.
In 1985, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition of being "known around the world as an authority on the subject of private international law". He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a member of the Order of Ontario. He was an officer of the Légion d’Honneur and officer de l’Ordre national du Mérite.
Castel died in Toronto, Ontario on 30 December 2023, at the age of 95.
# Patrick Dooley (politician)

Patrick Dooley (14 January 1910 – 2 May 1982) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician.
A native of Athy, County Kildare and a schoolteacher, he was a successful candidate at the 1954 general election. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare constituency at the 1957 general election. He was re-elected at the 1961 general election, but lost his seat at the 1965 general election. He was also an unsuccessful candidate at the 1973 general election.
Dooley was related to Kildare TD Thomas Harris and to the MP Matthew Harris.
# Zhang Qi (physician)

Zhang Qi (Chinese: 张琪; 14 November 1922 – 13 November 2019) was a Chinese physician, professor and doctoral advisor at Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. He was named a "Master of National Medicine" of China in 2009 and won the Bethune Medal.

## Biography

Zhang Qi was born on 14 November 1922 in Laoting County, Hebei, Republic of China. He studied traditional Chinese medicine with his grandfather, and began practicing medicine at age 20, starting a medical career spanning more than 76 years.
Zhang served as researcher and vice president of Heilongjiang Provincial Chinese Medicine Institute and as professor and doctoral advisor at Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, with a specialization in the treatment and research of kidney diseases. His research won more than ten provincial and ministerial awards. He advised 40 doctoral students, 13 master's students, and three post-doctoral researchers. He also published eight books. His daughter, Zhang Peiqing (张佩青), studied under him and is a physician at Heilongjiang Provincial Chinese Medicine Institute.
He was named a "Master of National Medicine" of China in 2009, and won the Bethune Medal [zh]. In September 2019, he was among the 80 recipients of the National Outstanding Contribution in Chinese Medicine Award. He served as a delegate to the 5th and 6th National People's Congresses.
Zhang died on 13 November 2019, a day before his 97th birthday.
# Çayıralan

Çayıralan is a town in Yozgat Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çayıralan District. Its population is 4,925 (2022). Its elevation is 1,348 m (4,423 ft).
# Pinar Karaca-Mandic

Pinar Karaca-Mandic is an American economist who is C. Arthur Williams Jr. Professor in Healthcare Risk Management and Academic Director of the Medical Industry Leadership Institute at the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). She was previously on the faculty of the University of Minnesota School of Public Health and an economist for the RAND Corporation.
Her research before 2020 focused on the adaptation of medical technology and health insurance markets.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, she has co-led a team of researchers collecting and publishing data on hospital capacity and COVID-19 hospitalization rates in the United States. This team has documented racial disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations, as well as the relationship between the number of hospital beds occupied by COVID-19 patients and the death rate from COVID-19.
A native of Turkey, she has been active in raising funds to assist Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey.

## Selected works

* Karaca‐Mandic, Pinar, Edward C. Norton, and Bryan Dowd. "Interaction terms in nonlinear models." Health services research 47, no. 1pt1 (2012): 255–274.
* Goldman, Dana P., Geoffrey F. Joyce, and Pinar Karaca-Mandic. "Varying pharmacy benefits with clinical status: the case of cholesterol-lowering therapy." American Journal of Managed Care 12, no. 1 (2006): 21.
* Edlin, Aaron S., and Pinar Karaca-Mandic. "The accident externality from driving." Journal of Political Economy 114, no. 5 (2006): 931–955.
* Kamar, Ehud, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, and Eric Talley. "Going-private decisions and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: A cross-country analysis." The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 25, no. 1 (2009): 107–133.
* Jena, Anupam B., Dana Goldman, Lesley Weaver, and Pinar Karaca-Mandic. "Opioid prescribing by multiple providers in Medicare: retrospective observational study of insurance claims." Bmj 348 (2014).
* Karaca-Mandic, Pinar, Anupam B. Jena, Geoffrey F. Joyce, and Dana P. Goldman. "Out-of-pocket medication costs and use of medications and health care services among children with asthma." Jama 307, no. 12 (2012): 1284–1291.
# Paya-ngokto

Paya-ngokto is a village in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, in the Kayin State of Myanmar. It is located on the west bank of Zami River.
# Käfertal (Mannheim)

Käfertal is a borough (Stadtbezirk) of Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany in the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region which is divided into the quarters Käfertal-Mitte, Speckweggebiet, Käfertal-Süd, Sonnenschein and Franklin. It has a population of 26,446 people as of December 31, 2019.

## Geography

Käfertal is located in the northeast of Mannheim. The neighboring districts are Vogelstang, Feudenheim, Wohlgelegen, and Waldhof. In the northeast is the city of Viernheim (Bergstraße district).

## Gallery

* Karlsternpavillon in the Käfertaler Wald
* Laurentiuskirche

## Literature

* Lorenz Klingert: Festbuch zur Siebenjahrhundert-Feier der ehemaligen Gemeinde Käfertal 1227–1927. Mannheim 1927.
* Günter Bertschmann: Käfertal: 750 Jahre Käfertal 1227–1977. Mannheim 1977.
# Ramón Torrijos y Gómez

Ramón Torrijos y Gómez (1 September 1841 – 16 January 1903) was a Spanish ecclesiastic, fourth Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and subsequently Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz.

## Episcopate

He was later appointed by Pope Leo XIII as Bishop of the Diocese of Tenerife on 25 November 1887. He took possession of the diocese on 8 December 1888 in the Cathedral of La Laguna. During his pontificate he made the canonical Coronation of the Virgin of Candelaria (patron saint of the Canary Islands), on 13 October 1889, being the fifth Marian image of Spain to be crowned.
He also acquired the Salazar Palace of San Cristóbal de La Laguna as the seat and residence of the bishops of this diocese. In total he ordered 31 diocesan priests. On 10 September 1894 he was transferred to Badajoz, where he died in 1903.
# Queensland Airports

Queensland Airports Limited is an Australian Airport consortium in charge of two separate Airport consortia in the state of Queensland, Australia. Under the two consortia, it is in charge of four airports; Gold Coast, Longreach, Mount Isa and Townsville.

## History

Queensland Airports (QA) was established in 2003 as part of corporate restructure of the shareholding of Gold Coast Airport, with it taking 100% ownership of the airport. In March 2005, QA acquired Mount Isa Airport and Townsville Airport. In 2012 it purchased Longreach Airport. It is a privately owned company with investment trusts and superannuation funds its shareholders.
In September 2024, a 74% shareholding was sold by The Infrastructure Fund, Australian Retirement Trust and State Super to a KKR and Skip Essential Instructure Fund consortium.
# Percussion (medicine)

Percussion is a technique of clinical examination.

## Overview

Percussion is a method of tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structures, and is used in clinical examinations to assess the condition of the thorax or abdomen. It is one of the four methods of clinical examination, together with inspection, palpation, auscultation, and inquiry. It is done with the middle finger of one hand tapping on the middle finger of the other hand using a wrist action. The nonstriking finger (known as the pleximeter) is placed firmly on the body over tissue. When percussing boney areas such as the clavicle, the pleximeter can be omitted and the bone is tapped directly such as when percussing an apical cavitary lung lesion typical of tuberculosis.
There are two types of percussion: direct, which uses only one or two fingers; and indirect, which uses only the middle/flexor finger. Broadly classifying, there are four types of percussion sounds: resonant, hyper-resonant, stony dull or dull. A dull sound indicates the presence of a solid mass under the surface. A more resonant sound indicates hollow, air-containing structures. As well as producing different notes which can be heard they also produce different sensations in the pleximeter finger.
Percussion was at first used to distinguish between empty and filled barrels of liquor, and Dr. Leopold Auenbrugger is said to be the person who introduced the technique to modern medicine, although this method was used by Avicenna about 1000 years before that for medical practice such as using percussion over the stomach to show how full it is, and to distinguish between ascites and tympanites.

## Of the thorax

It is used to diagnose pneumothorax, emphysema and other diseases. It can be used to assess the respiratory mobility of the thorax.

## Of the abdomen

It is used to find whether any organ is enlarged and similar (assessing for organomegaly). It is based on the principle of setting tissue and spaces in between at vibration. The sound thus generated is used to determine if the tissue is healthy or pathological.
# Odostomia lukisii

Odostomia lukisii is a species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The size of its translucent shell varies between 1.5 mm and 4 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Atlantic Ocean : off the Azores and West Africa.
* European waters (ERMS scope)
* United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
* Mediterranean Sea : Greek Exclusive Economic Zone and Southwest Coast of Apulia
# Zhang Qian'er

Zhang Qian'er (Chinese: 张乾二; pinyin: Zhāng Qián'èr; 15 August 1928 – 3 May 2020) was a Chinese chemist who was a professor and doctoral supervisor at Xiamen University. Zhang was a member of the 8th and 9th Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Zhang was a member of the 10th, 11th and 12th Standing Committee of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party.

## Biography

Zhang was born into a highly educated family in the town of Chongwu, Hui'an County, Fujian, on August 15, 1928. He attended Jimei High School [zh]. In 1947, he was accepted to Xiamen University, where he majored in chemistry. After graduating in 1951, he became a post-graduate under the supervision of Lu Jiaxi. After completing a three-year graduate course, he stayed at the university and worked as a lecturer, and he was elected associate professor for 1962 and full professor for 1978. During the Cultural Revolution, he suffered political persecution. In 1978, he became dean of College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. He was appointed director of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, serving until 1992. He died in Xiamen, Fujian, on May 3, 2020, aged 91.

## Honours and awards

* 1982 State Natural Science Award (First Class)
* 1991 Member of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
* 2001 Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
# Helen de Freitas

Helen Graham de Freitas, Lady de Freitas (née Bell; 16 August 1910 – 14 December 1998) was an American-born British public servant, and "a leading member of the American community in London".
She was born in Chicago, Illinois on 16 August 1910 and grew up in Winnetka, the eldest of four daughters of Laird Bell, an American lawyer, who was chairman of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. She graduated from Bryn Mawr in 1936. In 1938, she married the British politician and diplomat Sir Geoffrey de Freitas, and they have three sons, and one daughter. She died in London on 14 December 1998, aged 88.
# Hughes 38

Hughes 38 may refer to one of three related sailboat designs:
* Hughes 38-1
* Hughes 38-2
* Hughes 38-3
# John R. Kramer

John R. Kramer (August 17, 1937 – March 7, 2006) served as the 19th dean of the Tulane University Law School from 1986 to 1996, and previous to that was an associate dean at Georgetown University. At Tulane he started a law clinic to serve low-income people in New Orleans and made Tulane the first law school in the United States to require a specific number of community service hours for graduation. Under his leadership, African American students came to constitute a greater percentage of the law school student body than in any other non-historically black law school.
A cheerful and outspoken liberal, he relished controversy. He publicly defended the Tulane Environmental Law Clinic when it ran afoul of powerful chemical and oil companies in Louisiana. He also defended the Tulane Appellate Advocacy Program's involvement in a Supreme Court suit against a local utility. During his tenure, Tulane published the nation's first gay law journal. He was succeeded by Tulane Law School Dean Edward F. Sherman.

## Education and early life

Mr. Kramer graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1958. He was a Fulbright Scholar at Cambridge University in 1958-59 and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1962. He clerked at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund for Thurgood Marshall, who later became the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
In 1965, he became counsel to U.S. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (D-N.Y.) on the House Committee on Education and Labor, handling anti-poverty legislation and the first Higher Education Act. In 1987, Kramer was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board.
# Secondary State Highway 1F

There were two secondary state highways in Washington numbered 1F:
* Secondary State Highway 1F (Washington 1937-1961), now SR 20 between Burlington and Sedro-Woolley
* Secondary State Highway 1F (Washington 1967-1970), now part of SR 11 in Bellingham
# Queensland Alumina Limited

Queensland Alumina Limited (QAL) is one of the largest alumina refineries by alumina production capacity in the world, located in Parsons Point, South Trees, Gladstone, Queensland, Australia.
The refinery was planned in 1964 and has been operating since 1967, the refinery has a capacity to produce 3.95 million tonnes of alumina a year. In 1981 the output was at a quarterly basis over 600,000 tonnes per quarter.
At times of lower demand, operations have been altered. Subsequent rises in demand have seen expansion in output and employment.
QAL has been operated by a range of consortium partners of international aluminium producers over time. Comalco brought in to the consortium in 1969. In 1982 it was owned Comalco (30.3%), Kaiser Aluminum (28.3%), Alcan (21.4%), and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann (20%).
Since April 2005, it has been owned by Rio Tinto Alcan (80%) and Rusal (20%). In September 2017 the QAL celebrated 50 years of operation.
# 1964 in Iran

Events from the year 1964 in Iran.

## Incumbents

* Shah: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
* Prime Minister: Asadollah Alam (until March 7), Hassan-Ali Mansur (starting March 7)

## Events

* Ruhollah Khomeini was arrested in November 1964, held for half a year and sent into exile where he remained for 15 years (mostly in Najaf, Iraq), until the revolution.

## Deaths

* 13 July – Death of Hossein Ala'.