OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Moshe Bromberg

Moshe Bromberg (Moshe Bar-Am) (1920–1982) was a notable artist and sculptor.
Bromberg was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, near Łódź, Poland in December 1920. He was studying art in Kraków when the Second World War broke out. He and his brother were in a German concentration work camp for a short period but managed to escape, eventually ending in the USSR during the war, where he completed his studies and married Berta. Moshe's parents and sister were murdered in the Holocaust.
He returned to Poland after the war and began his long and fruitful career as an artist, sculptor, and art teacher. His first set of oil paintings and sketches, shown in various exhibitions throughout Poland between the period 1945–1950, depicted the horrors he experienced during the war. Bromberg (who changed his name to Moshe Bar-Am) continued his artwork after immigrating to Israel in the summer of 1950 with his wife, son, and daughter. After getting encouragement from the first President of Israel (Itzhak Ben-Zvi), he started working on a unique set of twenty miniature paintings in gouache, showing various biblical subjects. He exhibited his paintings in numerous solo and group exhibitions in Israel (mostly in Ramat-Gan), often addressed by VIPs such as Abba Eban and Menachem Begin. He was awarded artistic merits and distinction and had his art work displayed in various galleries and museums (besides Poland). Later on, his mostly oil paintings, on subjects ranging from Jewish Rabbis portraits, Partisans fighting, Israeli scenery, and still life were also exhibited in Canada.
Bromberg died after a lengthy illness in July 1982 in Toronto, Ontario.
# Mauri Valtonen

Mauri Valtonen (born 1945) is a Finnish astronomer and professor at the University of Turku. His fields of scientific interest include active galaxies, cosmology, and the three-body problem.
Valtonen completed a Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1975. He served as Director of Tuorla Observatory from 1980 to 2002 and returned to this position again in 2007.
In 2008, Valtonen led a research team which argued that delay in the periodic outbursts from the nucleus of the active galaxy OJ 287 confirmed Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
# 2002 Pakistani referendum

A referendum on allowing Pervez Musharraf to continue as President for five years was held in Pakistan on 30 April 2002. The proposal was approved by 97.97% of voters. However, the referendum was boycotted by the opposition on the basis that it was unconstitutional. Although turnout was reported to be 56.1%, the opposition claimed it was between 5% and 7%. The poll was criticised for being "marred by gross irregularities" by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.

## Background

Musharraf came to power in a military coup on 12 October 1999. He initially referred to himself as "Chief Executive", before later removing President Rafiq Tarar from office and assuming the post himself. Musharraf claimed that holding a referendum was abiding by democratic laws, despite the constitution of Pakistan not containing a reference to electing Presidents by referendums.

## Conduct

The referendum was seen by many as a sham or fixed. Opposition parties including the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League referred to the decision of Musharraf to hold a referendum as inappropriate and urged citizens to boycott the vote. In response, the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 and the number of polling stations significantly increased, whilst ID cards were not required for people to cast a vote.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 42,741,345 | 97.97 |
| Against | Against | 883,676 | 2.03 |
| Total | Total | 43,625,021 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 43,625,021 | 99.36 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 282,935 | 0.64 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 43,907,956 | 100.00 |
| Source: BBC ||||
# Naungyin, Shwegu

Naungyin is a village in Shwegu Township in Bhamo District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Matthew Harrison

Matthew or Matt Harrison may refer to:
* Matthew Harrison (director) (born 1959), American television and film director
* Matthew Harrison (minister) (born 1962), American Lutheran clergyman
* Matthew Angelo Harrison (born 1989), American artist
* Matt Harrison (baseball) (born 1985), American baseball player
# Naimul Islam Ratul

Naimul Islam Ratul simply known as Ratul is a Bangladeshi musician. He won National Film Awards 2018 in the Best Male Playback Singer category.

## Career

Ratul became the second runner-up in Meridian-Channel i Khude Gaanraj in 2013. He worked as a playback singer in Putro. This film was released in 2018. He sang the song titled "Jodi Dukkho Chhuye" in this film. For this song he won the national film award. He released his first music video Sajna Re in 2019.
# Mininco (disambiguation)

Mininco is a locality in Collipulli, Chile.
Mininco may also refer to:
* Mininco River, a river in south-central Chile
* Mininco Formation, a geological formation in Chile
* Forestal Mininco, a forestry company in Chile
# New Haven station (disambiguation)

New Haven station refers to the principal railway station in New Haven, Connecticut.
New Haven station or Newhaven station may also refer to:

## Australia

* Newhaven Wildlife Sanctuary, formerly Newhaven Station, Northern Territory

## United Kingdom

* In Newhaven, East Sussex, England
** Newhaven Harbour railway station,
** Newhaven Marine railway station (closed)
** Newhaven Town railway station
* Newhaven railway station (Edinburgh) (closed)
* Newhaven, a tram stop for Edinburgh Trams

## United States

* Union Station (New Haven), the principal train station in New Haven, Connecticut
* New Haven State Street station, a smaller train station in New Haven, Connecticut
* New Haven station (Indiana), a disused train station in New Haven, Indiana
# Glyphidocera sollertiae

Glyphidocera sollertiae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Next of Kin Memorial Avenue

Next of Kin Memorial Avenue is a roadway and National Historic Site of Canada which is part of Woodlawn Cemetery in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Trees along the roadway are dedicated to Saskatoon's war dead. On official city maps, however, the street's name is abbreviated to Memorial Avenue. Many other trees along other roadways within the cemetery are also similarly dedicated.

## Memorial plaques
### Plaque 2

* To the sacred memory of those who served in the armed forces and rest from their labors This Next-Of-Kin Memorial Avenue is dedicated.

### Plaque 3

* Next-of-kin Memorial Avenue

### Plaque 4

* Next-of-Kin Memorial Avenue L'Avenue Commémorative
    Begun in 1922–1923 by the military chapter of the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire, Saskatoon's Memorial Avenue is the only intact example of the "Roads of Remembrance" which were created in various Canadian cities after the First World War. These living memorials, undertaken by local service groups to honour their community's fallen soldiers, were modeled after the straight, tree lined country avenues of France. A small plaque contributed by the next-of-kin dedicates each tree to an individual soldier, created a highly symbolic personal and community tribute.
    Commencée en 1922–1923 par la section militaire de l'Ordre impérial des filles de l'Empire, l'avenue commémorative de Saskatoon est le seul example intact des chemins du souvenir créés dans diverses villes canadiennes après la premiere Guere mondiale. Ces chemins, aménagés par des groupes d'entraide en l'honneur des soldats de l'endroit tombés sur les champs de bataille, s'inspiraient des avenues droites et bordées dárbres des campagnes françaises. Témoignage personnel et collectif hautement symbolique, une petite plaque offerte par la famille dédie chaque arbre à un soldat particulier.
Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada
Government of Canada
Gouvernement du Canada

### Plaque 5

* In recognition of 100 years of service by IODE members of Saskatoon. 1900–2000. and their special role in establishing this memorial avenue of trees.

## Nearby

* Municipal Heritage Properties: Alexander House City Park, Core Neighbourhoods SDA, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
* Saskatoon City Hospital
# Oldershaw

Oldershaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bert Oldershaw (1921–2006), Canadian sprint canoeist and sprint kayaker
* Cally Oldershaw, gemologist and science educator
* Dean Oldershaw (born 1946), Canadian sprint canoeist and kayaker
* Doug Oldershaw (1915–1995), professional American football guard in the National Football League
* Jen Oldershaw, presenter on Triple J, lecturer at the Australian Film Television and Radio School
* John Oldershaw (died 1847), British clergyman
* Mark Oldershaw (born 1983), Canadian sprint canoeist
* Reed Oldershaw (born 1951), Canadian sprint kayaker
* Scott Oldershaw (born 1954), Canadian sprint kayaker
# Yünbüken, Çemişgezek

Yünbüken (also known as Germisik) is a village in the Çemişgezek District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 52 in 2021.
The hamlet of İncesu is attached to the village.
# Zacompsia metallica

Zacompsia metallica is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Zacompsia of the family Ulidiidae.
# USC&GS Ogden

USC&GS Ogden was a launch that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1919 to 1944. She was the only Coast and Geodetic Survey ship to bear the name.
Ogden was built by the Canton Lumber Company at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1919. She entered Coast and Geodetic Survey service that year.
Ogden spent her career on the United States East Coast. She worked as a wire-drag hydrographic survey vessel with the Coast and Geodetic Survey launch USC&GS Marindin.
Ogden was retired from Coast and Geodetic Survey service in 1944.
# Ivan Pavlov (disambiguation)

Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) was a Russian physiologist.
Ivan Pavlov may also refer to:
* Ivan Pavlov (aviator) (1922–1950), twice hero of the Soviet Union
* Ivan Pavlov (footballer) (born 1983), Bulgarian football player
* Ivan Pavlov (figure skater) (born 1998), Ukrainian figure skater
* Ivan Pavlov (lawyer) (born 1971), Russian lawyer
* Ivan Pavlov (film), a 1949 Soviet film
* CoH (musician), alias of Russian-born musician Ivan Pavlov
# Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre

Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan (24 January 1714 - 28 August 1788), marquis d'Aubeterre, baron de Saint-Quentin, was a French general and marshal.
# Molay

Molay may refer to:

## Persons

* Jacques de Molay (c. 1240–1314), the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, who fought in Syria
* Mulay or Molay, Mongol general circa 1300 who was active in Syria and Palestine

## Places

* Molay, Jura, a commune in the French department of Jura
* Molay, Haute-Saône, a commune in the French department of Haute-Saône
* Môlay, a commune in the French department of Yonne
* Le Molay-Littry, a commune in the French department of Calvados
# Nagaoka

Nagaoka (jap. 長岡, 永岡 lit. "length, hill", "eternity, hill") may refer to:

## Places

* Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
* Nagaoka-kyō, the capital of Japan from 784 to 794
** Nagaokakyō, Kyoto, Japan, a city at the location of Nagaoka-kyō
* Izunagaoka, Shizuoka, Japan, a former town in Izu Peninsula

## People with the surname

* Go Nagaoka (長岡 郷, born 1984), Japanese footballer
* Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎, 1865–1950), Japanese physicist responsible for the 1904 "Saturnian" model of atomic structure
* Masaru Nagaoka (長岡 勝, born 1962), Japanese ski jumper
* Moeko Nagaoka (長岡 萌映子, born 1993), Japanese women's basketball player
* Miyu Nagaoka (長岡 望悠, born 1991), Japanese volleyball player
* Nagako Nagaoka (長岡 良子), Japanese religious leader
* Shusei Nagaoka (長岡 秀星, born 1936), Japanese illustrator
* Yayoi Nagaoka (長岡 弥生, born 1974), Japanese speed skater
* Yūya Nagaoka (長岡 裕也, born 1985), Japanese shogi player
* Keiko Nagaoka (永岡 桂子, born 1953), Japanese politician
* Shuichi Nagaoka (永岡 秀一, born 1876), Japanese judoka

## Other uses

* Nagaoka (crater), a lunar crater named after Hantaro Nagaoka
# Unconstitutional trademark acts

The United States justified its original attempt at establishing federal trademarks by pointing to the Copyright Clause in the Constitution. The Trade Mark Act of 1870 (within the Copyright Act of 1870) and the Trade Mark Act of 1876 were tested in a series of United States Supreme Court cases, called the Trade-Mark Cases, and ruled unconstitutional because that clause did not cover trademarks.
Before being ruled unconstitutional, they were the subjects of other Supreme Court cases: Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. v. Clark, Amoskeag Manufacturing Co. v. D. Trainer & Sons, and McLean v. Fleming.
The Trade Mark Act of 1881, instead, justified its authority under the Commerce Clause.
# Gan'en River

The Gan'en River or Gan'en He or Thanksgiving River (Chinese: 感恩河), also known as Yulong River (雨龙江), Chengdong River (城东河), Thanksgiving Water (感恩水), is a river in Hainan Province of People's Republic of China, located in the southern part of Dongfang City.
Thanksgiving River is the fifth largest river in Hainan Province, it originates from the Mengtong Ridge (蒙瞳岭) at the junction of Dongfang City and Ledongli Autonomous County, meanders north to Nanlong Village (南龙村) of Jiangbian Township (江边乡), turns west to flow through Tuoxing Reservoir, and merges into the South China Sea at Gancheng Township (感城镇).
The river is 54.5 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 381 square kilometers. The river has an average annual runoff of 224 million cubic meters.
# Millinocket Seaplane Base

Millinocket Seaplane Base (FAA LID: 70B) is a privately owned, public-use seaplane base located on Ambajejus Lake in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States, seven nautical miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Millinocket, a town in Penobscot County.

## Facilities and aircraft

Millinocket Seaplane Base has one landing area measuring 4,000 x 500 feet (1,219 x 152 m). For the 12-month period ending August 19, 2006, the airport had 7,000 aircraft operations, an average of 19 per day: 60% general aviation, 20% scheduled commercial and 20% air taxi.
# Milltown India Rubber Company

The Milltown India Rubber Company is a historic building located at 40 Washington Avenue in the borough of Milltown in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Construction of the building started in 1899 and was completed in 1900. Designed by architect George Parsell with vernacular Italianate style, it was part of the rubber industry in the county. The building features a five story tower and a tall smokestack. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1986, for its significance in architecture and industry.
# Vizella

Vizella is a genus of leaf-inhabiting fungi in the class Dothideomycetes, and the type genus of the family Vizellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1883.

## Species

* Vizella amazonica M.L.Farr 1987
* Vizella appendiculosa (Mont. & Berk.) Theiss. 1914
* Vizella banksiae H.J.Swart 1971
* Vizella bingervilliana C.Moreau & M.Moreau 1951
* Vizella conferta (Cooke) Sacc. 1883
* Vizella crescentiae Bat. & J.L.Bezerra 1960
* Vizella discontinua Selkirk 1972
* Vizella gomphispora (Berk. & Broome) S.Hughes 1953
* Vizella grandis Speg. 1922
* Vizella grevilleae H.J.Swart 1975
* Vizella guaranitica Speg. 1888
* Vizella guilielmi Rehm 1911
* Vizella gustaviae Bat. & I.H.Lima 1957
* Vizella hendrickxii (Hansf.) S.Hughes 1953
* Vizella hieronymi G.Winter 1885
* Vizella memorabilis (Dilcher) Selkirk 1972
* Vizella metrosideri P.R.Johnst. 2000
* Vizella oleariae H.J.Swart 1971
* Vizella passiflorae Rehm 1913
* Vizella philothecae Cunningt. 2005
* Vizella pogonophorae Bat. & Cif. 1957
* Vizella psychotriae Bat. & Peres 1960
* Vizella pycnanthi Sivan. 1973
* Vizella royenae (Doidge) Arx & E.Müll. 1954
* Vizella splendida Bat. & J.L.Bezerra 1960
* Vizella tunicata Gadgil 1995
* Vizella urvilleana Speg. 1909
* Vizella vochysiacearum (Bat., J.L.Bezerra & Cavalc.) J.K.Liu, R.Phookamsak & K.D.Hyde 2013
* Vizella xanthorrhoeae Sivan. & B.Sutton 1985
# Minimalist photography

Minimalist photography is a form of photography that is distinguished by austere simplicity. It emphasizes sparseness and careful composition, shying away from overabundance of color, patterns, or information.

## Etymology

Minimalist photography arises from minimalism in art. This style emphasizes the use of simple and often monochromatic compositional elements: color, objects, shapes and texture.

## History

Minimalist photography arose in 1960s America from the minimalist movement. While minimalism may manifest in many ways in other art forms, minimalist photography usually tends to make great use of negative space, employs sparse composition, and centers a strong singular focal point. Over the decades, minimalist photographers such as Michael Kenna, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Grant Hamilton, and Mark Meyer have risen to prominence in the art world and gained fame for their minimalist photography.

## Technique

Minimalist photography focuses on simplicity and its artistic style can be encapsulated by the quote, "less is more." Minimalist photographers achieve this effect by casting aside all the unnecessary components in creating their works.

### Minimalist photography

"As an approach in photography, minimalism or minimalistic photography could be taken by the photographer in all genres. No matter if you are a portrait, architecture, landscape etc. photographer, minimalist photos are always an option as long as you have a minimal look toward your surroundings" -Milad Safabakhsh, Founder of Minimalist Photography Awards.
Minimalist photography often features a single subject with nature as the background, or nature itself as both background and subject. Common motifs in minimalist works include geometric or repeating patterns, contrast in lines and texture, and emphasized depth and distance. This last element is often used to express a feeling of vastness and to try and capture the feeling of being in an incredibly open space in nature, as seen in the image of a lake below.

## Gallery

* Early morning at Begnas lake presented in minimalist approach
* Yellow boxes
* Lake
# Gampolawela

Gampolawela is a village in Central Province, Sri Lanka.
# Naomi Eilan

Naomi Eilan is a British philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Warwick, whose works concern consciousness, philosophy of mind, metaphysics and philosophy of psychology.
Eilan completed her doctorate at the University of Oxford in 1988, with the dissertation Self-consciousness and experience. She was president of the European Society for Philosophy and Psychology for 2010 to 2014.

## Books

* Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy and Psychology. Blackwell, 1993, and Oxford University Press, 1999. Edited with Rosalee McCarthy and Bill Brewer.
* The Body and the Self. MIT Press, 1995. Edited with José Luis Bermúdez and Anthony Marcel.
* Agency and Self Awareness: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2003. Edited with Johannes Roessler.
* Joint Attention: Communication and Other Minds. Oxford University Press, 2005. Edited with Christoph Hoerl, Teresa McCormack and Johannes Roessler.
* Perception, Causation, & Objectivity. Oxford University Press, 2011. Edited with Johannes Roessler and Hemdat Lerman.
# Volkswille

Volkswille ('People's Will') was a communist newspaper published in Potsdam, East Germany, from 1945 to 1946. The frequency of publishing shifted from daily, weekly and triweekly. It merged with Märker, forming the newspaper Märkische Volksstimme.
# Vortex (Thorpe Park)

Vortex is a KMG Afterburner at Thorpe Park, an amusement park in Chertsey, Surrey, England. It was installed in the Lost City area of the park in 2001. It opened on 25 May, seven weeks after the opening of the 2001 season.
Riders sit in seats arranged in a circle facing inwards, there are eight gondolas with four seats on each. After the over-the-shoulder restraints have been lowered and checked, the platform lowers. The seats then begin to rotate, and after approximately one rotation the ride begins to swing. The ride swings back and forth, swinging up to a maximum height of 20 metres and angle of 120 degrees at 15rpm. After several full height swings, the ride then begins to slow before coming to a halt, the platform is then raised and riders fast track and single rider questions operate.
# Naresh (city)

Naresh or Nareš was a city from the area called by ancient Jewish sources Babylonia, situated near Sura on a canal. It may be identical with the city of Nahras or Nahar Sar on the Tigris, and is mentioned together with Maḥuza, Safonia, and Pumbedita, although it must not be inferred that these cities were near one another. It was probably located about 20km southeast of Sura, at the modern village of Narsa in the Hilla region.
# Volkswagen Type 147 Kleinlieferwagen

The Volkswagen Type 147 (informally Fridolin) was a panel van produced by the German automaker Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles from 1964 until 1974. The van was mainly built for the purposes of the state-owned Deutsche Bundespost.

## History

In February 1962 the German Postal Services commissioned Volkswagen to design them a postal van that would suit their needs. To lower costs, VW started off with the Karmann produced Beetle cabriolet (Type 15) as basis for the van due to its strength in build but later turned to the Karmann Ghia (Type 14) for basis as it was wider. The engine, the transmission and axles originated from the VW Beetle Type 1, the headlights from the VW 1500, and the tailgate (scaled-down) from the VW Transporter (Type 2).
It was agreed Franz Knobel & Sohn GmbH (later called Westfalia-Werke) would build the vehicles at the behest of VW. Several prototypes were designed until production started in 1964. Most cars were sold to the Deutsche Bundespost, but also to Swiss Post Offices (in an upgraded version with a more powerful 1.3 L engine, disc brakes and a block heater) and to the Lufthansa for apron use.
Its official name was Volkswagen Type 147 Kleinlieferwagen (small van) but due to its funny and badly proportioned shape it was affectionately called Fridolin. From 1964 to July 1974, 6139 were produced, approximately 200 are preserved.

## Specifications

Engine: flat 4, 1192 cc, 34 hp (25 kW)
Length: 3,970 mm (156.3 in)
Height: 1,950 mm (76.8 in)
Wheelbase: 2,400 mm (94.5 in)
# Minolops corallina

Minolops corallina, common name the coral red top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Australia and Western Australia.
# Namakauk

Namakauk is a village in Banmauk Township, Katha District, in the Sagaing Region of northern-central Burma.It is 392 m (1,286 ft) above sea level.
# Ganga Lake (Pakistan)

Ganga Lake (Urdu:گنگا جھیل) or Ganga Sar is a high-altitude lake (2,942 metres (9,652 ft) located in the Bagh Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is near Ganga Choti Peak in the Himalayan (Pir Panjal) range. The lake is accessible from Bagh by a Jeep track.
* This Pakistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vrak – Museum of Wrecks

The Vrak – Museum of Wrecks is a Swedish museum of maritime archeology in Stockholm in Sweden. It is managed by the Maritime Museum in Stockholm and was opened in September 2021 in Boat hangar No 2 at Galärvarvet (Galley Shipyard) at Djurgården.

## Operations

The project is planned by the Maritime Museum in cooperation with the Marine Archeology Institute of the Södertörn University, Maris.
The Museum of Wrecks shows the Baltic Sea cultural heritage, especially some of the almost one hundred identified old shipwrecks at the bottom of the sea.
# Napps, Wrotham

Napps was a cricket ground at Wrotham in Kent. One match played on the ground was given retrospective first-class cricket status. This took place in 1815, when a Kent side played host to an England XI. The only other recorded match at this venue was played the following year between a Kent XI and Wrotham.