OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gorgonum Chaos

Gorgonum Chaos is a set of canyons in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars. It is located at 37.5° south latitude and 170.9° west longitude. Its name comes from an albedo feature at 24S, 154W. Some of the first gullies on Mars were found in Gorgonum Chaos. It is generally believed that it once contained a lake. Other nearby features are Sirenum Fossae, Maadim Vallis, Ariadnes Colles, and Atlantis Chaos. Some of the surfaces in the region are formed from the Electris deposits.

## Gullies

Gullies on Mars may be due to recent flowing water. Many are present in the Gorgonum Chaos. Gullies occur on steep slopes, especially craters. Gullies are believed to be relatively young because they have few, if any craters, and they lie on top of sand dunes which are young. Usually, each gully has an alcove, channel, and apron. Although many ideas have been put forward to explain them, the most popular involve liquid water either coming from an aquifer or left over from old glaciers.
There is evidence for both theories. Most of the gully alcove heads occur at the same level, just as one would expect of an aquifer. Various measurements and calculations show that liquid water could exist in an aquifer at the usual depths where the gullies begin. One variation of this model is that rising hot magma could have melted ice in the ground and caused water to flow in aquifers. Aquifers are layer that allow water to flow. They may consist of porus sandstone. This layer would be perched on top of another layer that prevents water from going down (in geological terms it would be called impermeable). The only direction the trapped water can flow is horizontally. The water could then flow out onto the surface when it reaches a break, like a crater wall. Aquifers are quite common on Earth. A good example is "Weeping Rock" in Zion National Park Utah.
On the other hand, much of the surface of Mars is covered by a thick smooth mantle that is thought to be a mixture of ice and dust. This ice-rich mantle, a few yards thick, smooths the land, but in places it has a bumpy texture, resembling the surface of a basketball. Under certain conditions the ice could melt and flow down the slopes to create gullies. Because there are few craters on this mantle, the mantle is relatively young. An excellent view of this mantle is shown below in the picture of the Ptolemaeus Crater Rim, as seen by HiRISE.
Changes in Mars's orbit and tilt cause significant changes in the distribution of water ice from polar regions down to latitudes equivalent to Texas. During certain climate periods water vapor leaves polar ice and enters the atmosphere. The water comes back to ground at lower latitudes as deposits of frost or snow mixed generously with dust. The atmosphere of Mars contains a great deal of fine dust particles. Water vapor will condense on the particles, then fall down to the ground due to the additional weight of the water coating. When ice at the top of the mantling layer goes back into the atmosphere, it leaves behind dust, which insulates the remaining ice.
# Osage Township, Morgan County, Missouri

Osage Township is a township in Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Osage Township, like the Osage River, derives its name from the Osage Nation.
# Movat's stain

Movat's stain is a pentachrome stain originally developed by Henry Zoltan Movat (1923–1995), a Hungarian-Canadian Pathologist in Toronto in 1955 to highlight the various constituents of connective tissue, especially cardiovascular tissue, by five colors in a single stained slide. In 1972, H. K. Russell, Jr. modified the technique so as to reduce the time for staining and to increase the consistency and reliability of the staining, creating the Russell–Movat stain.
Interpretation of results :
| Colour | Tissue type |
| Black | Nuclei; elastic fibres |
| Yellow | Collagen fibres; reticular fibres |
| Blue | Ground substance; mucin |
| Bright red | Fibrin |
| Red | Muscle |

## Principle

Modified Russell–Movat staining highlights numerous tissue components in histological slides. It is obtained by a mix of five stains: alcian blue, Verhoeff hematoxylin and crocein scarlet combined with acidic fuchsine and saffron. At pH 2.5, alcian blue is fixed by electrostatic binding with the acidic mucopolysaccharides. The Verhoeff hematoxylin has a high affinity for nuclei and elastin fibers, negatively charged. The combination of crocein scarlet with acidic fuchsine stains acidophilic tissue components in red. Then, collagen and reticulin fibers are unstained by a reaction with phosphotungstic acid and stained in yellow by saffron.

## Uses

Modified Russell–Movat staining is used to study the heart, blood vessels and connective tissues. It can also be used to diagnose vascular and lung diseases.

## Gallery

* Movat's stain showing amyloid (brown) and fibrosis (yellow) of the heart
* Movat's stain showing thickening of the spongiosa layer (blue) in myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve
* Movat's stain showing luminal stenosis in coronary artery atherosclerosis
# Myrrhinium

Myrrhinium is a genus of plants in the Myrtaceae first described as a genus in 1827. It contains only one recognized species, Myrrhinium atropurpureum, native to South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, S + SE Brazil, Uruguay, N Argentina).

## Varieties

* Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum - SE Brazil
* Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. octandrum Benth. - (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, S Brazil, Uruguay, N Argentina
# Pentateucha curiosa

Pentateucha curiosa, the hirsute hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1908. It is known from Nepal, north-eastern India, Yunnan in south-western China, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam.
The wingspan is about 104 mm. Adults are on wing in January in Vietnam and from mid-December to mid-February in northern Thailand.
The larvae probably feed on Ilex species (including I. triflora). In captivity, larvae have been reared on leaves of I. aquifolium.
# Fun in the Son

Fun in the Son, also known as Best Dressed Fun in the Son, is an annual gospel music festival held in Jamaica.

## History

First held in March 2002 as a free event, it was originally staged at King's House and Heroes Circle in Kingston. It became a three-week festival and moved to Kingston in 2005. It is organised by Tommy Cowan and Carlene Davis's Glory Music organisation. Cowan described the aim of the festival as to "win this generation for Christ".
The event attracted sponsorship from the Jamaican Broilers Group and was renamed 'Best Dressed Fun in the Son', a reference to the group's Best Dressed Chicken brand. In 2012 Fun in the Son was staged at National Heroes Park in Kingston, one of the official events held as part of the celebrations of Jamaica's 50 years of independence. An event was also held in Haiti in 2013, and an Autumn tour of schools in Jamaica took place that year.
As well as musical performances, the event includes religious ministry and expanded to include fairground rides and other attractions. The 2014 event is to feature extreme sports, football, marching bands, and a Gospel jazz concert.
In 2014 the event will be staged in July at the Jamworld Entertainment Complex in Portmore, St. Catherine.
Headline artists over the years have included Papa San, Carlene Davis, Kirk Franklin, and Goddy Goddy. Other artists to perform include Lieutenant Stitchie, Prodigal Son, The Grace Thrillers, Hezekiah Walker, and Ron Kenoly.
# Montreal District

Montreal District was colonial district in New France and British North America with its capital in Montreal. A descendant of the district exists today as the judicial district of Montreal. Western parts transferred to Upper Canada, later as Canada West and are now in Ontario where as the northeast became Labrador and now within Newfoundland and Labrador.

## History

The district was created as a district of Canada, New France.
When the British conquered Canada in 1760, the district of Montreal remained the same as that under the former French regime (see Pays d'en Haut). Under British administration, it was one of three division of the former Province of Quebec from 1763 to 1791. Reapportioned in 1763, it included much of modern-day Quebec, Labrador and most of southern Ontario. The meetings of the District were called the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace.
In 1788 western sections Montreal District became:
* Nassau District - after 1792 as Home District
* Hesse District - after 1792 as Western District
* Mecklenburg District - after 1792 as Midland District
* Lunenburg District - after 1792 as Eastern District
These four were then organized as the Province of Upper Canada in 1791 and all dissolved in 1849 when they were replaced with counties.
In 1791 Montreal District was dissolved into 27 new districts in the new province of Lower Canada. Labrador was part of British Quebec after 1774 and part of Lower Canada until 1809 to become part of the Newfoundland Colony in name but not until a border dispute was settled in 1927.

## Other districts

Besides Montreal, the British Province of Quebec had two other districts:
* Quebec District - reapportioned in 1763 and covered areas outside of Montreal, the district previously existed under the French regime into British rule. This included most of Labrador, Gaspe Peninsula and Anticosti Island, but not District of Ungava (created officially in 1895 but had existed prior as part of Rupert's Land 1670-1875).
* Trois-Rivières District - recreated in 1790 from Quebec District, a prior district under the French regime existed into British rule.
# Today Is Yesterday

Professional ratings :
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Today Is Yesterday is a 2002 compilation album by English folk/rock singer-songwriter Roy Harper. Amongst its 17 tracks are six unreleased and eight rare songs. All the tracks were recorded between 1964 and 1969.

## History

Tracks 1–9 date from 1964 to 1965 and were recorded on an old mono Ferrograph quarter-inch Reel-to-reel audio tape deck. These tracks formed a demo tape that landed Harper his first record contract. Track 10 is a re-recording of a part of that demo tape and became the B-side of Harper's first single.
Tracks 11 and 13 became Harper's second single, while track 12 was a single contender which didn't make the cut. Track 14 is the latest recording on this album. Tracks 15 and 16 were both recorded in 1967. Track 15 became the A-side of Harper's third single, however track 16 was rejected. Track 17 goes back to 1965–1966 and is the A-side of Harper's first single.

## Track listing

All tracks credited to Roy Harper
* "Long Hot Summer's Day" – 3:47
* "The Scaffold Of The Daylight" – 2:40
* "Black Clouds" – 4:48
* "Girlie" – 3:31
* "In The Morning" – 2:25
* "Love" – 3:06
* "Forever" – 2:53
* "Little Old Lady" – 4:50
* "Mountain" – 3:40
* "Pretty Baby" – 2:31
* "Midspring Dithering" – 2:43
* "(It's Tomorrow And) Today Is Yesterday" – 4:06
* "Zengem" – 1:34
* "Zaney Janey" – 3:28
* "Life Goes By" – 3:16
* "Night Fighter (Ballad Of A Songwriter)" – 3:05
* "Take Me Into Your Eyes" – 2:27

## Personnel

* Roy Harper
# We Are Revolting: Live & Obscure 1990–1994

We Are Revolting: Live & Obscure 1990–1994 is a compilation album by Me Mom & Morgentaler, released in 1994 on Chooch Records. It was the band's final release, and compiled several live and rare tracks from the band's catalogue. The album was also rereleased in 1999 on Stomp Records.
Several of the songs were incorrectly labelled on the original 1994 release.

## Track listing

* "Beneath the Planet of the Corporate Cockroaches"
* "Master of the Universe"
* "Tailspin"
* "Everybody's Got AIDS"
* "My Mother’s Friends"
* "Auparavant"
* "Laura"
* "Spittle on My Chin"
* "You Can Quote Her on That"
* "Pepita la pistolera"
* "Under the Searchlight"
* This 1990s rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Nicolò D'Amico

Nicolò D'Amico (1953-2020), also known as Nichi D’Amico, was an astronomer and President of Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica.

## Personal life

He was born on 28 June 1953 in Palermo. He was married and had a daughter. He died on 15 September 2020 in Cagliari.

## Career

He was a professor of astrophysics at the University of Cagliari, and the director of the Cagliari Observatory and the Sardinia Radio Telescope. He was the president of Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica since 16 October 2015, with a second 4-year term confirmed on 30 December 2019.
# Phiala tanganyikae

Phiala tanganyikae is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Strand in 1911. It is found in Tanzania.
# Gnakpa

Gnakpa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claude Gnakpa (born 1983), French footballer
* Modeste Gnakpa (born 1988), French-Ivorian footballer
# William Drew

William Drew may refer to:
* William Leworthy Goode Drew (1826–1898), English-born auditor-general in colonial Queensland
* William Henry Drew (Christian missionary) (fl. 1840), Christian missionary in India, and translator
* William Henry Drew (textile worker) (1854–1933), British textile worker, trade unionist and politician
* Bill Drew (1890–1955), Australian rules footballer
* William Brooks Drew (1908–1997), American botanist and professor
# Hydraucone

A hydraucone is a form of draft tube used with a hydro turbine. It has a bell-mouth shape and its salient feature is a flat plate deflector near the mouth. The term hydraucone was introduced by William M. White, who obtained a U.S. patent for it in 1917.

## Background

White observed that the simplest method of changing the direction of a jet of water was to direct it at a flat plate. The shape of the water jet as it hits the plate was the inspiration for the hydraucone profile.
The main purpose of a draft tube is to recover the residual kinetic energy of the water that exits over the turbine. It does this by distributing the water that exits from the turbine uniformly over the larger area of the draft tube exit. This reduces the water velocity and water pressure at the turbine exit. The kinetic energy of the water, which is proportional to the square of the water velocity, is thus transformed into effectively a higher head across the turbine.
The hydraucone draft tube is very efficient at recovering energy from the rotational motion of the water (swirl) as well as the linear motion (flow) of the water. It has fallen into disuse due to the difficulty of supporting a very wide opening under a large turbine. It only requires a shallow excavation, however, which is an advantage in rocky terrain. Its compact shape makes it suitable for small hydro projects where the excavation is much less than that required for the more conventional elbow shaped draft tube.
An elbow-shaped draft tube is less efficient than a bell-mouth tube due to the fluid losses in the turn of the elbow. The difference in efficiency is more pronounced when there is swirl present as the gyroscopic effect of the rotation hinders the deflection at the elbow.

## Historical note

In the 1920s William M. White and Lewis Ferry Moody both patented bell-mouth draft tubes. The salient feature of Moody's Spreading Draft Tube is the center cone, which distinguishes it from White's Hydraucone Draft Tube. The term Hydraucone is sometimes erroneously used as a general term for all bell mouth tubes. The pair debated over which device was more efficient, particularly in the presence of swirl as water leaves the turbine. This debate was superseded by the widespread introduction of the elbow-shaped draft tube which is less efficient but easier to construct, particularly on a large scale.

## Dimensions and geometry

Shapes for a bell-mouth draft tube include:
* Radius of tube: r, Height of tube: z
* Hyperbola: :$rz=C,C\rightarrow {\mbox{constant}}$, (radial water velocity is constant)
* Logarithmic hyperbola:$z=C\mathrm {ln} (r)$, (radial water velocity is inversely proportional to the radius)
* Straight line geometry (cone):$z=Cr$, (radial water velocity is inversely proportional to the square of the radius)

## Theoretical and experimental validation

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could resolve the question of which design is better. A rigorous CFD comparison of the two forms of bell-mouth draft tube would be a useful addition to knowledge of fluid dynamics.
# Funagata Renpō Prefectural Natural Park

Funagata Renpō Prefectural Natural Park (県立自然公園船形連峰, Kenritsu shizen kōen Funagata Renpō) is a prefectural natural park surrounding Mount Funagata in western Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. First designated for protection in 1962, the park spans the municipalities of Kami, Sendai, Shikama, and Taiwa. Wildlife includes the Japanese serow (a special natural monument), stoat, red-flanked bluetail and forest green tree frog.
# Flinders, New South Wales

Flinders is a southern suburb of Shellharbour, located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Flinders is located approximately 111 kilometres south-southwest of New South Wales' capital city of Sydney. Flinders is close to a number of beaches and to and over 60 hectares of green open spaces including bush reserves, waterways and landscaped parks. Flinders adjoins neighbouring suburbs of Shellharbour, Shell Cove, Blackbutt and Shell Heights.
The area is served by the Shellharbour Junction railway station which replaced the previous Dunmore railway station on 22 November 2014. It was initially intended to call the new station Flinders. Premier Illawarra operates one bus route between Flinders and the railway station, namely route 52 to Shellharbour Junction railway station.
# Wayne Wendt

Wayne Earl Wendt (born 21 August 1960) is a Labor Party politician who represented the electoral district of Ipswich West in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.
In 2016, Wendt was elected as the Division 5 Councillor of the City of Ipswich. In 2017 he was elected Deputy Mayor. On May 3, 2018, he became Acting Mayor, following the resignation by the Mayor on suspected corruption charges and served in this capacity until the dissolution of Ipswich City Council in August 2018.
# Varanasi Multi-Modal Terminal

Varanasi Multi-Modal Terminal or Varanasi Port is an Inland river port situated in the city of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The port is located on the Ganges river. This port is built under the government's Jal Marg Vikas project. The port has provided a direct link with the Port of Kolkata and Haldia Port.
The cargo handling capacity of the port or terminal is estimated to be 1.2 million metric tons per year (MTPA). The Port was completed in 2018.

## Facilities

The port has the ability to anchor two ships at a time simultaneously. The port also has other facilities which include deposit area, commodity transit shade, parking area etc. It also has floating jetty with terminal for passenger transport.
# Nicolò Donato

Nicolò Donà or Nicolò Donato (28 January 1539 – 8 May 1618) was the 93rd Doge of Venice, reigning for little more than a month, from his election on 5 April 1618 until his death.

## Biography

The son of Giovanni Donà and Isabetta Morosini, Donato was born in Venice and studied for a time in Padua before going into trade. He gained a huge fortune, but remained stingy his entire life. He never married, and ultimately left his fortune to his brother Francesco and nephew Pietro.
Donato proved unwilling to spend the vast sums of money required to gain high office in the Republic of Venice. However, in 1617–1618, the Spanish Ambassador to Venice, Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar launched a plot to destabilize the Venetian Republic in order to allow Spanish troops to take over Venice. In the midst of this crisis, the reigning Doge, Giovanni Bembo, died on 16 March 1618.
Donato was elected doge on 5 April 1618, probably by paying bribes. He tried to eliminate his reputation for stinginess by throwing the traditional lavish banquet to celebrate his election, but this proved unavailing when his parents turned a number of his relatives away from the feast in order to save money.
He died in Venice 35 days after his election, with the Bedmar Conspiracy still raging.
# May Riley Smith

May Riley Smith (May 27, 1842 – January 14, 1927) was an American poet and clubwoman.

## Biography

May (or Mary) Louise Riley was born on May 27, 1842, in Rochester, New York. She attended Brockport Collegiate Institute. She married Albert Smith, of Springfield, Illinois, a bridge engineer, on March 31, 1869, and they had one son.
Soon, they removed to New York City, where Smith belonged to several literary and social clubs during her life. She was the president of the Sorosis Club from 1911 to 1915 and the club's honorary president from 1919 until her death in 1927. She was also a member of the Poetry Club, Daughters of the American Revolution, the Meridian Club, the Barnard Club, and the MacDowell Club.
Her published books are A Gift of Gentians and Other Verses (New York, 1882), and The Inn of Rest (1888). Among the best and most popular of her poems are "Tired Mothers," "If We Knew," "The Easter Moon," " Love is Sweeter than Rest" and "My Prayer." Among those that have been published separately as booklets are "His Name" and "Sometime". Many of her poems were devotional and were reprinted in hymn books. Her poems were also published in magazines such as Harper's Magazine.
Smith died in Manhattan on January 14, 1927.
# Gnagboya

Gnagboya (also spelled Gnaboya) is a village in south-western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Gnanmangui, Méagui Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.
Gnagboya was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Myroides

Myroides is a bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae. Some Myroides species such as Myroides odoratimimus can cause infections in humans.
# Hydraulic Body Motion Control System

The Hydraulic Body Motion Control System (HBMC) technology was employed initially in the Nissan Patrol, and subsequently the Infiniti QX. The system was invented and developed by Nissan Motors and was tested on the Nissan Patrol in the Middle East. The system helps reduce body lean while turning for a more comfortable ride. Utilizing hydraulic cylinders located at the shock absorbers (connected via cross piping and two accumulators), it adjusts roll stiffness by allowing transfer of fluid between the left and right sides of the vehicle through passive weight transfer during normal driving. It also helps reduce bump shock by setting bounce and roll damping forces separately. In off-road conditions, HBMC activates when it senses that a wheel has dropped.
The hydraulic Body Motion Control System was first available on the new model year 2010 Nissan Patrol, a sport utility vehicle that is sold worldwide, and shares a platform with the Infiniti QX. The system was also introduced in similar form on the 2011 Infiniti QX. An earlier version of the system was installed in the Nissan President and Infiniti Q45 called Full Active Suspension from 1990-2002.

## System overview

Two hydraulic systems connected by cross-link hydraulic pipes to the 4-wheel independent suspension's hydraulic cylinders absorb road bumps and help reduce body lean when cornering. This helps minimize fluctuation of view of those on board and provides a more comfortable ride. Unlike other similar systems, this does not need a power source, so there is no trade-off with fuel economy.

## Cornering

Fluid from the two outside wheel hydraulic cylinders flows to the accumulator to raise the suspension's roll stiffness. This counteracts centrifugal force, reducing the degree of sinking on the vehicle's outer side and helps to minimize passenger fluctuation of view.

## Rough Road and Off-Road Driving

The suspension for each wheel rises or drops according to road conditions, smoothly absorbing the vibrations caused by off-road bumps and holes.

## Vehicles

Models that have adopted the Hydraulic Body Motion Control Suspension System to date, listed by model year:
* 2010 Nissan Patrol
* 2011 Infiniti QX