OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gmina Mrągowo

Gmina Mrągowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Mrągowo, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 294.87 square kilometres (113.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,485.
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masurian Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Mrągowo contains the villages and settlements of Bagienice, Bagienice Małe, Bagnowski Dwór, Boża Wólka, Boże, Boże Małe, Brodzikowo, Budziska, Czerniak, Czerwonki, Dobroszewo, Gązwa, Głazowo, Gniazdowo, Grabowo, Gronowo, Gwiazdowo, Joachimowo, Karwie, Kiersztanowo, Kosewo, Kosewo Górne, Krzosowo, Krzywe, Kucze, Lasowiec, Lembruk, Marcinkowo, Miejski Las, Mierzejewo, Młynowo, Muntowo, Nikutowo, Notyst Dolny, Notyst Mały, Notyst Wielki, Nowe Bagienice, Nowy Probark, Palestyna, Pełkowo, Piotrówka, Polska Wieś, Popowo Salęckie, Porębiska, Poręby, Probark, Ruska Wieś, Rydwągi, Sądry, Śniadowo, Sobięcin, Szczerzbowo, Szestno, Troszczykowo, Tymnikowo, Użranki, Wierzbowo, Witomin, Wola Muntowska, Wólka Bagnowska, Wólka Baranowska, Wymysły, Wyszembork, Zalec and Zawada.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Mrągowo is bordered by the town of Mrągowo and by the gminas of Kętrzyn, Mikołajki, Piecki, Reszel, Ryn and Sorkwity.
# Gmina Mycielin

Gmina Mycielin
The gmina covers an area of 110.81 square kilometres (42.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,950.

## Villages

Gmina Mycielin contains the villages and settlements of Aleksandrów, Annówka, Bogusławice, Bugaj, Danowiec, Dzierzbin, Dzierzbin-Kolonia, Elżbietów, Gadów, Grabek, Jaszczury, Kazala Nowa, Kazala Stara, Klotyldów, Korzeniew, Kościelec, Kościelec-Kolonia, Kukułka, Kuszyn, Mycielin, Nowiny, Przyranie, Słuszków, Stropieszyn, Teodorów and Zamęty.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Mycielin is bordered by the gminas of Ceków-Kolonia, Malanów, Rychwał, Stawiszyn, Tuliszków and Żelazków.
# Glyphidocera scuticae

Glyphidocera scuticae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.
# William Chang

William Chang Suk-ping (Chinese: 張叔平; born 12 November 1953) is a Hong Kong production designer, costume designer and film editor. Along with cinematographer Christopher Doyle, Chang is an important collaborator with Hong Kong film director Wong Kar-wai. He has also collaborated with directors such as Stanley Kwan, Patrick Tam, Yim Ho, Tsui Hark, Jiang Wen and Johnnie To. He is of Shanghainese ancestry.
In 2014, Chang received an Oscar nomination for Best Costume Design at the 86th Academy Awards for his work on The Grandmaster. In the same year, he was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
# Pushman v. New York Graphic Society, Inc.

Pushman v. New York Graphic Society, 287 N.Y. 302 (1942), was a case decided by the New York Court of Appeals that held that, while the copyright in a work of authorship is distinct from the tangible embodiment of the work, if the only tangible embodiment of the work is transferred the copyright is also presumptively transferred.

## Factual background

The plaintiff Hovsep Pushman was an artist that finished a work entitled When Autumn is Here in 1930. That same year, Pushman gave the painting to Grand Central Art Galleries to arrange a sale of the work. Upon giving the painting to Grand Central Art Galleries, Pushman did not negotiate any reservation reproduction rights. Grand Central Art Galleries sold the painting to the University of Illinois for $3,600. The painting remained with the University until it sold reproduction rights to the defendant, New York Graphic Society. Pushman sued for an injunction against reproduction of the painting. The defendant moved to dismiss the complaint, and the motion was granted by the trial court and affirmed by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division.

## Decision

The court first recognized that the copyright in a work exists separately from the tangible embodiment of the work. But on the authority of the case Parton v. Prang, the court held that to reserve the copyright when the sole tangible embodiment of the work is transferred, the author must make an express reservation at the time of the transfer. The court held that Pushman's sale was unconditional because he did not expressly reserve any rights at the time of the transfer.

## Impact

The holding in Pushman created what was subsequently termed the Pushman presumption, which required an author to expressly reserve rights when transferring the chattel that embodied a work or risk transferring the rights as well. The holding in Pushman was criticized and subject to various statutory and judicial limitations.
Pushman was abrogated by § 202 of the Copyright Act of 1976, which establishes that the transfer of a tangible embodiment of a copyrighted work does not of itself transfer the copyright.
# National Cement Company Limited

National Cement Company Limited (NCCL), also National Cement Company Kenya Limited, is a cement manufacturer in Kenya. It is a subsidiary of the Devki Group of Companies, an industrial and manufacturing conglomerate, with headquarters in Kenya and operating subsidiaries in Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Location

The main factories of NCCL are located off of the Nairobi-Mombasa Road, in the town of Athi River, Machakos County. This is approximately 39 kilometres (24 mi), by road, south-east of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. The coordinates of the main factory are 1°29'31.0"S, 37°03'26.0"E (Latitude:-1.491944; Longitude:37.057222).

## Overview

National Cement Company Limited was established in 2008 and began cement production in 2010.
As of April 2018, NCCL was the largest indigenous cement manufacturer in Kenya, with several plants in the country. It owns 100 percent of Simba Cement Uganda Limited, a cement factory in the Ugandan town of Tororo, with installed manufacturing capacity of one million metric tonnes annually.

## Ownership

The company ownership as of 2018 is as illustrated in the table below:
National Cement Stock Ownership :
| Rank | Name of Owner | Percentage Ownership |
| 1 | Devki Group owned by Narendra Raval and Family | 85.0 |
| 2 | International Finance Corporation (IFC) | 7.5 |
| 3 | IFC Subsidiary Company | 7.5 |
| | Total | 100.0 |

## Recent developments

In May 2019, NCCL signed a binding all-cash offer of US$50 million to acquire the Kenyan assets and all subsidiaries of ARM Cement Plc. (In Receivership), as a going concern. The offer requires regulatory approval in Kenya.
The ARM acquisition will be funded with US$25 million in internally generated cash and loans from the International Finance Corporation and Kenya Commercial Bank Group. With the new acquisition NCCL will have production capacity of 1,400,000 metric tonnes annually, accounting for 13 percent of total national production.
# Oristeo

Oristeo is an opera in a prologue and three acts by Francesco Cavalli. It was designated as a dramma per musica. The Italian libretto was by Giovanni Faustini.
The opera is notable for containing one of the first examples of a da capo aria, Udite amanti, sung by Corinta.

## Performance history

It was first performed in Venice on the occasion of the inauguration of the Teatro Sant'Apollinare on 9 February 1651.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type |
| Diomeda, Princess of Caonia | soprano |
| Oristeo, King of Epirus | baritone or bass |
| Euralio, his son | soprano |
| Trasimede, Prince of Archaea | tenor |
| Corinta, Princess of Locri | soprano |

## Recordings

Oristeo, Atto I Scena 4: Dimmi amor, che farò? Mariana Flores, Cappella Mediterranea, Leonardo García Alarcón 2014
# Utetheisa ypsilon

Utetheisa ypsilon is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Rob de Vos in 2007. It is found on Sulawesi in Indonesia.
# France–Saint Lucia Delimitation Agreement

The France – Saint Lucia Agreement on Delimitation is a 1981 treaty between France and Saint Lucia which delimits the maritime boundary between Saint Lucia and the French territory of Martinique.
The treaty was signed in Paris on 4 March 1981. The text of the treaty sets out a boundary that is an equidistant line between the two islands in the Saint Lucia Channel. The boundary is set out in an east–west direction and consists of 17 straight-line maritime segments defined by 18 individual coordinate points. The far western point of the boundary is the tripoint with Venezuela and the far eastern point is the tripoint with Barbados. Commentators have noted that it is curious that the treaty does not refer to the island of Martinique.
The treaty came into force upon signature. The full name of the treaty is Agreement on Delimitation between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of Saint Lucia.
# Oxyporus populinus

Oxyporus populinus, also known as the mossy maple polypore and poplar bracket, is a species of fungus in the family Schizoporaceae. It is a plant pathogen that affects trees.
It is typically white (sometimes gray near the center and/or pinkish near the margin), more or less semicircular, and 2.5–20 centimetres (1–8 in) wide, with tough flesh, which is inedible.
# Walter Ward

Walter Ward may refer to:
* Walter Ward (footballer) (1869–?), English professional association football player
* Walter Ward (politician) (1911–1994), American councillor in New York City
* [Walter] Bryan Ward (priest) (1906–1989), Australian Anglican Archdeacon of the Downs (Brisbane, Queensland)
* Walter Ward (singer) (1940–2006), American R&B singer and lead vocalist of The Olympics
* Walter L. Ward Jr. (born 1943), American politician in Wisconsin
# Wang Jiayi

Wang Jiayi (Chinese: 王嘉毅; pinyin: Wáng Jiāyì; born December 1965) is a Chinese university administrator and politician, currently serving as vice minister of education, in office since December 2022.
He is an alternate member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Early life and education

Wang was born in Qingtongxia, Ningxia, in December 1965. In 1984, he enrolled at Northwest Normal University, where he majored in psychology. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in November 1985, during his sophomore year.

## Career

After university in 1991, he stayed for teaching. He was an instructor in 1991. He moved up the ranks to become assistant to the president in June 1999, vice president in July 2001, and president in April 2011.
He was appointed director of the Gansu Provincial Education Department in August 2012 and in May 2017 was admitted to member of the CCP Gansu Provincial Committee, the province's top authority. He was made secretary-general of the CCP Gansu Provincial Committee in June 2017, concurrently serving as director of the Reform Office, director of the Finance and Economics Office, and director of the National Security Office. In July 2020, he became head of the Publicity Department of the CCP Gansu Provincial Committee, succeeding Chen Qing [zh]. He rose to become specifically designated deputy party secretary of Gansu in March 2022.
In December 2022, he was transferred to Beijing and appointed vice minister of education. He also serves as chief educational inspector.
# National Weather Service Minneapolis/Twin Cities, Minnesota

National Weather Service Minneapolis/Twin Cities is a weather forecast office responsible for monitoring weather conditions for 51 counties in the states of Minnesota & Wisconsin. The office is in charge of weather forecasts, warnings and local statements as well as aviation weather. It is also equipped with a WSR-88D (NEXRAD) radar, and an Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) that greatly increase the ability to forecast.

## NOAA Weather Radio

National Weather Service Twin Cities Forecast Office in Chanhassen, Minnesota provides programming for 13 NOAA Weather Radio stations across Central and Southern Minnesota and West Central Wisconsin.

### KEC65 Twin Cities

KEC65 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Hennepin, Ramsey, Rice, Scott, Washington & Wright counties in Minnesota. And Pierce, Polk & St. Croix counties in Wisconsin.

### WNG685 Norwood Young America

WNG685 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Carver, Hennepin, Le Sueur, McLeod, Meeker, Nicollet, Renville, Scott, Sibley & Wright counties in Minnesota.

### WNG676 Clearwater

WNG676 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Anoka, Benton, Carver, Hennepin, Isanti, McLeod, Meeker, Mille Lacs, Sherburne, Stearns & Wright counties in Minnesota.

### WXL65 St. Cloud

WXL65 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Benton, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Sherburne & Stearns counties in Minnesota.

### KJY80 Red Wing

KJY80 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Dakota, Goodhue and Wabasha counties in Minnesota, and Buffalo, Pepin, Pierce and St. Croix counties in Wisconsin.

### WXK44 Willmar

WXK44 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Benton, Chippewa, Kandiyohi, Lac qui Parle, McLeod, Meeker, Pope, Renville, Stearns, Stevens, Swift, Wright & Yellow Medicine counties in Minnesota.

### WNG711 Olivia

WNG711 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Brown, Chippewa, Kandiyohi, Redwood, Renville & Yellow Medicine counties in Minnesota.

### KXI39 New Ulm

KXI39 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Blue Earth, Brown, Cottonwood, Faribault, Jackson, Martin, McLeod, Nicollet, Redwood, Renville, Sibley & Watonwan counties in Minnesota.

### WXK40 Mankato

WXK40 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Blue Earth, Brown, Dodge, Faribault, Freeborn, Le Sueur, Martin, Mower, Nicollet, Rice, Steele, Waseca & Watonwan counties in Minnesota.

### WNG673 Long Prairie

WNG673 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Cass, Crow Wing, Douglas, Morrison, Otter Tail, Pope, Stearns, Todd & Wadena counties in Minnesota.

### WNG707 Kensington

WNG707 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Big Stone, Douglas, Grant, Pope, Stevens & Traverse counties in Minnesota.

### WNG577 Ladysmith

WNG577 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Barron, Chippewa, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor & Washburn counties in Wisconsin.

### WXJ88 Menominee

WXJ88 broadcasts weather and hazard information for Barron, Buffalo Chippewa, Dunn Eau Claire, Pepin, Pierce, Polk Rusk, St. Croix & Trempeleau counties in Wisconsin.
# Wangcun Township, Nanyang, Henan

Wangcun (Chinese: 王村; pinyin: Wángcūn) is a township in Wolong District, Nanyang, Henan, People's Republic of China, located in the western suburbs of Nanyang along China National Highway 312 (G312) just east of the G312 interchange with G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway. As of 2011, it has 12 villages under its administration.
# Native Sons (Loggins and Messina album)

Native Sons is the sixth and final studio album (and seventh overall release) by singer-songwriter duo Loggins and Messina, released in January 1976. It was a departure from previous recordings owing to the presence of string sections, stronger emphasis on flute, minimized use of saxophone, downplayed country influences and Jim Messina's signature guitar work was barely in evidence. After a final concert in Hawaii, the duo quietly went their separate ways. The Messina-penned rock and roll song "Boogie Man" was later covered by Australian rock band The Blue Echoes.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Personnel

* Kenny Loggins – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar and acoustic guitar, harmonica
* Jim Messina – lead and backing vocals, lead guitar, acoustic guitar, dobro
* John Townsend – backing vocals
* Ed Sanford – backing vocals
* Murray MacLeod – vocals, backing vocals
* Merel Bregante – drums, timbales
* Jon Clarke – flute, English horn, oboe, baritone, bass, soprano and tenor saxophone, soprano recorder
* Vince Denham – flute, bass clarinet, alto, soprano and tenor saxophone
* Steve Forman – percussion, vibraphone
* Richard Greene – fiddle, mandolin, mandocello
* Milt Holland – percussion
* Larry Sims – bass, backing vocals
* Don Roberts – clarinet, alto flute, alto, baritone, soprano and tenor saxophone
* Mike Rubini – keyboards

## Production

* Producer: Jim Messina
* Engineer: Alex Kazanegras
* 2nd engineer: Jim Messina
* Recordist: Corey Bailey
* Recording technician: Lew Schatzer
* Recorded on location with Haji Sound
* Photography: Ed Caraeff
* Copper frame: Nick Fasciano
* Design: Ron Coro
* Handwriting: Virginia Team

## Charts

Album – Billboard (United States)
| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1976 | Pop Albums | 16 |
# Gephyrota virescens

Gephyrota virescens, is a species of spider of the genus Gephyrota. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Wangensteen suction

A Wangensteen suction apparatus is a modified siphon that maintains constant negative pressure. Used on a duodenal tube, it relieves gastric and intestinal distention caused by the retention of fluid. It was first created by Owen Harding Wangensteen (1898–1981), the Chief of Surgery at the University of Minnesota. His novel approach to the most important cause of death during gastrointestinal surgery has since been credited with saving more than one hundred thousand lives.

## In popular culture

The Wangensteen apparatus is featured in the first half of "Good Bye, Radar," a two-part episode from the eighth season of the television series M*A*S*H. When the camp's electric generator breaks down, the doctors assemble a device from kitchen and surgical supplies to drain fluid from a patient's abdomen.
# Mohamed Samraoui

Mohamed Samraoui (born 1953) is a former member of the Algerian secret services (Intelligence and Security Directorate, DRS) who wrote a book claiming that the DRS had been involved in torture and extralegal killings, and had manipulated the Armed Islamic Groups on a large scale to commit further massacres.

## Biography

He joined the Algerian army in July 1974. After studying biochemistry and going through officer training, he became an instructor at a Military Security school (Sécurité Militaire (SM), the army's secret service) at Beni-Messous, and rose through the SM's ranks, moving to various towns as his postings changed. From March 1990 to July 1992, he worked in Algiers in the counterespionage bureau, as well as becoming part of the state of emergency administration from 1991 on. In 1992, he asked to resign, but was not permitted to do so; instead, he accepted a posting to the Algerian embassy in Germany as military attaché and advisor, eventually reaching the position of Lt. Colonel in the DRS. In 1995, he reports that he was asked by Smaine Lamari to assassinate two FIS leaders abroad, Abdelbaki Sahraoui and Rabah Kebir. On 12 February 1996, he left his post and sought political asylum in Germany. In 2003, he published a book, Chronique des années de sang, attributing a variety of misdeeds, including the majority of the assassinations and massacres attributed to Islamists, to the Algerian secret services in the course of the Algerian Civil War.
On 22 October 2007, Samraoui was arrested by Spanish police whilst attending a meeting in the town of Benalmádena in Southern Spain. It is believed that the arrest was in response to a request from Interpol that had come from the Algerian authorities. Samraoui is currently under conditional release in Spain awaiting the outcome of the extradition request presented by the Algerian authorities. He was not allowed to return to his home and family in Germany whilst this request was being dealt with by the Spanish judicial system. However, in early December 2007 Samraoui decided to return to Germany claiming that he had been warned that he could be in danger if he remained in Spain.
Samraoui is a correspondence chess player and received the chess title of Senior International Correspondence Chess Master in 2003. He was the President of International Correspondence Chess Federation from 2005-2008.
# Geraldo Júnior

Geraldo Alves Ferreira Júnior (born 7 May 1969) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician who has been the vice-governor of the state of Bahia since 2023. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, he was previously a councilor for Salvador from 2013 to 2023. Geraldo Júnior and Jerônimo Rodrigues were elected in 2022 with 4,480,464 votes, or 52.79% percent of the vote.
His father, Geraldo Alves Ferreira, had also been a councilman in Salvador during the 1990s. Geraldo Júnior graduated with a law degree from the Catholic University of Salvador, as well as a post-graduate degree in civil processes. He had worked for the city of Salvador from 1993 to 2000. He later became the Municipal Secretary of Work, Sport and Leisure in 2017, and was seen as a confidante of then-mayor ACM Neto. He became a councilman in his own right in Salvador from 2013 to 2023, having also served as council president.

## Electoral history

| Year | Election | Party | Position | Votes | % | Result |
| 2008 | Salvador municipal elections | PTN | Councilman | | | Not elected |
| 2012 | Salvador municipal elections | PTN | Councilman | 11,264 | 0.87% | Elected |
| 2016 | Salvador municipal elections | Solidariedade | Councilman | 13,685 | 1.08% | Elected |
| 2020 | Salvador municipal elections | MDB | Councilman | 12,906 | 1.07% | Elected |
| 2022 | Bahia gubernatorial election | MDB | Vice-governor | 4,480,464 | 52.79% | Elected |
# Germa (disambiguation)

Germa is an ancient town now in Libya.
Germa may also refer to:
* Germa (Galatia), a town of ancient Galatia, now in Turkey
* Germa (Mysia), a town of ancient Mysia, now in Turkey
* Germa 66, a pirate group in One Piece.
# Germa Museum

The Germa Museum is an archaeological museum located in Fezzan, Libya. It contains old objects excavated at Germa, the seat of the ancient Garamantian Kingdom. The Garamantian Kingdom flourished between 400 BC and 600 AD.
# Warren Hope

Warren T. Hope was an American poet and university professor.

## Biography

Hope (1944-2022) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and educated in the public schools there. After graduating from Philadelphia's Central High School, Hope served in the United States Air Force, and then attended the Community College of Philadelphia. Hope eventually received a BA, MA, and Ph.D. in English from Temple University. He has worked as a printer, a warehouseman, and an editor, eventually working at the Insurance Institute of America and the American Institute for Property and Liability Underwriters in Malvern, Pa. in publishing and public relations.
Hope is the author of several books, including Adam's Thoughts in Winter (2001), which includes a selection of poems from the years 1970 to 2000, and Moving In (2004), wherein Hope details his life experiences in poetic form. He is also the biographer of Norman Cameron, the British poet, and the author of critical studies of Robert Frost, Seamus Heaney, Philip Larkin, and George Orwell, all published by Greenwich Exchange of London, England. He is the author, with Kim Holston, of The Shakespeare Controversy, published by McFarland & Company in 1992, and has published articles and reviews in several periodicals.
# Wam language

The Wam language may refer to:
* Kugama language (also known as Wam or Wã̀m), spoken in eastern Nigeria
* Wom language (Papua New Guinea) (also known as Wam), spoken in Papua New Guinea