OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roadian

In the geologic timescale, the Roadian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the earliest or lower of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Roadian lasted between 273.01 and 266.9 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Kungurian and followed by the Wordian.

## Stratigraphy

In 1961, the regional timescale used for the southeastern US had the Wordian and Capitanian as subdivisions of the Guadalupian. Efforts to correlate the Permian stratigraphy of the southeastern US with that of Russia led to the conclusion that between the Wordian stage and the Russian Artinskian stage, another stage needed to be introduced. This stage, the Roadian Stage, was established in 1968 and took its name from the Road Canyon Formation in Brewster County, Texas, formerly considered the lower (oldest) part of the Word Formation. The stage was added to the internationally used IUGS timescale in 2001.
The base of the Roadian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Jinogondolella nankingensis first appears. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP) is located in Stratotype Canyon in the Guadalupe Mountains, Texas (31°52′36″N 104°52′36″W﻿ / ﻿31.87667°N 104.87667°W﻿ / 31.87667; -104.87667). The top of the Roadian (the base of the Wordian Stage) is at the first appearance of fossils of conodont species Jinogondolella aserrata.

## Life

Some studies suggested that Olson’s Extinction, a worldwide loss of terrestrial vertebrate life occurred during the Early Guadalupian (Roadian, Wordian), but the temporal resolution of most studies only indicates that this possible extinction event indicates around the Kungurian/Roadian boundary. Studies using higher-resolution stratigraphic data and the fossilized birth-death model suggest that this even is actually a slow decline over 20 Ma that started in the Sakmarian and that may have extended into the Roadian.

## Notable formations

* Cherry Canyon Formation (New Mexico, Texas, USA)
* Road Canyon Formation (Texas, USA)
# 1994–95 Yemeni League

Statistics of the Yemeni League in the 1994–95 season.

## Results

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | Al-Wahda Sana'a | 22 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 24 | +17 | 50 | |
| 2 | Al-Ahly Sana'a | 22 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 34 | 14 | +20 | 48 | |
| 3 | Hassan Abyan | 0 | - | - | - | 46 | 16 | +30 | 45 | |
| 11 | Al-Taliya Taizz | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | — | 15 | Relegated |
| 12 | Al-Shurta Aden | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | — | 13 | Relegated |

### Other participants

* Al-Wahda Aden
* Al-Zohra Sanaa
* Shamsan Aden
* Al-Tilal Aden
* Al-Shula Aden
* Al-Sha'ab Hadramaut
* Al-Ahly Hudaida
# Japan at the 1990 Asian Games

Japan participated in the 1990 Asian Games held in Beijing, China from September 22, 1990 to October 7, 1990. The country was ranked 3rd in the medal tally with 38 gold medals, 60 silver medals and 76 bronze medals; a total of 174 medals.

## Results

Susumu Takano won gold in the men's 200m sprint, beating Sriyantha Dissanayake from Sri Lanka with a time of 20.94. Koichi Morishita won gold in the 10,000m event and Masami Yoshida and Munehiro Kaneko secured gold medals in the Javelin throw and Decathlon, respectively. Megumi Sato won Japan's only women's Athletics gold medal with a win in the High jump.
In the women's football, the competition included a number of significantly one-sided games. Japan beat South Korean 8 - 1 and then Hong Kong 5 - 0. But the Japanese were beaten 5 - 0 by the Chinese team who also beat Hong Kong 10 - 0 and South Korea 8 - 0 and finished with 10 points and a +26 goal difference to secure the gold medal. The Japanese team secured 7 points and the silver medal. The men's team secured a place in the knock-out quarter finals but were defeated 1 - 0 by Iran who went on to win the final and the gold medal.
In the Archery, Japan's Takayoshi Matsushita won silver in the individual men's event and then joined with Sadamu Nishikawa and Hiroshi Yamamoto to win the silver medal in the men's team event.
Though the Chinese team dominated women's swimming events, the Japanese men's team won 7 gold medals including gold for the 4 × 200 m relay. Munehiro Kaneko won both the 200m and 400m individual medley events, edging out countryman Shuichi Nakamura in both events.
The Japanese team secured silver in the men's water polo (there was no equivalent women's competition).
Japan dominated both men's golf events with Shigeki Maruyama securing gold in the individual men's category and a Maruyama-led Japanese team securing gold in the team event.
# Polemonium boreale

Polemonium boreale, the northern Jacob's-ladder or boreal Jacobs-ladder, is a plant native to most of the high arctic. In Greenland it is found only in a small area on the east coast. It is not very common.
The whole plant is pubescent, with long woolly hairs, glandular, and grows to 5–10 cm tall. The basal leaves are more or less alternate, and pinnate, with numerous leaflets. The flowers are produced in a more or less capitate inflorescence, each flower bell-shaped, blue, 15 mm long, 2.5 times longer than the calyx. The plant has a very unpleasant smell, and grows on gravelly slopes and in crevices.
* Native to most of the high arctic, its range includes Svalbard.
* The inflorescence consists of 3—7 (exceptionally 9), 5–15 mm flowers.
* Basal leaves are pinnate with numerous small leaflets.
# Cockatoo Farm

Cockatoo Farm is a 1922 Australian musical comedy by Len Buderick. The show toured Australian regional areas and was popular. In November 1924 Everyones reported the Cockatoo Farm Company, the theatrical company who produced, had just completed "one of the most extended tours in the history of any travelling theatrical company."
According to one critic "it had a slender plot".
# Verna Arvey

Verna Arvey (February 16, 1910 – November 22, 1987) was an American librettist, pianist and writer who is best known for her musical collaborations with her husband William Grant Still, a musician and composer.

## Early life and education

Verna Arvey was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of Bessie (Tark) and David Arvey. Her parents were Russian Jewish immigrants. She attended local schools and the Manual Arts High School. She had started playing piano as a child. After graduating, Arvey enjoyed a brief career as a concert pianist, including performances as a soloist with Raymond Paige's CBS Network orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.
Avery met William Grant Still in 1930, when Still travelled to Los Angeles to revive his friendship with the composer Harold Bruce Forsythe. Forsythe likely asked her to read some of his piano music. Still tried twice to get her to perform his pieces, first Africa, then Four Negro Dances. The two became more acquainted, but as Forsythe and Arvey had been friends for many years (since they had both gone to Manual Arts High School), some jealousy ensued.

## Marriage and family

Arvey married Still in 1939. She was of Russian Jewish heritage and Still was African American, but their interracial union (unusual for a high-profile couple of the era) did not appear to damage their careers. The couple had two children. They were married until Still's death in 1978.
Arvey's granddaughter is journalist Celeste Headlee.

## Musical career

Arvey's first collaboration with Still came in 1939 when Langston Hughes, the original librettist for his opera Troubled Island, left the country before the project was completed. Arvey wrote the lyrics for three arias. She became the librettist for his subsequent operatic work, most notably A Bayou Legend, A Southern Interlude, Costaso and Mota.
As a writer on music, Arvey published articles for The New York Times and several music industry publications, including Etude, Musical Courier, Opera, Concert and Symphony, Musical America, Chesterian (London), American Dancer, Ritmo (Madrid), Musical Digest and American Mercury.

## Works

She also wrote books, including the following:
* 1939 monograph, Studies of Contemporary American Composers: William Grant Still
* 1941, Choreographic Music
* 1984, biography of her late husband, In One Lifetime (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press).
# 1901 Flinders state by-election

The 1901 Flinders state by-election was a by-election held on 8 June 1901 for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Flinders.

## Results

The by-election was triggered by the election of Flinders MHA Alexander Poynton to the inaugural Australian House of Representatives at the 1901 federal election. It was won by former Flinders MHA William Tennant Mortlock, who had been unexpectedly defeated at the 1899 general election, defeating future MHA Arthur Hugh Inkster.
Flinders state by-election, 8 June 1901 :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| William Tennant Mortlock | 727 | 43.7 |
| Arthur Hugh Inkster | 558 | 33.5 |
| Robert Bruce | 379 | 22.8 |
# Hiranandani Foundation School, Thane

Hiranandani Foundation School Thane is a school located in the Hiranandani Estate in the state of Maharashtra Thane, India. It was founded by Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani.
The school was founded in 1999. It is affiliated to Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) board for 10th class and Indian School Certificate (ISC) for 12th class.
It is the sister school of Hiranandani Foundation School Powai (ICSE) in Hiranandani Gardens in Powai.
# Peter's Key

Peter's Key is a 2012 non-fiction book by Declan Dunne. It was published through Mercier Press on 17 September 2012. Peter's Key recounts the story of Peter de Loughry, who arranged to help free Éamon de Valera from Lincoln Prison during the Irish War of Independence. De loughry was Dunne's grandfather, and the book took him four years to write, with help from others.

## Synopsis

The book covers de loughry's time in Lincoln Prison and his successful attempt to break out of prison with Éamon de Valera, and other men. The prison break took him months to plan, which included creating a wax impression of a chaplain's key. De loughry then went through three keys before succeeding on the fourth attempt. During and after the escape from prison de loughry remained the Mayor of Kilkenny, a position he held for six consecutive years.

## Reception

The Tuam Herald praised Peter's Key, calling it "a fine example of filial piety, and a worthy addition to the literature of this period."
# Pachytodes cerambyciformis

Pachytodes cerambyciformis is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae (flower longhorns).

## Varieties

Varieties include:
* Pachytodes cerambyciformis var. anticereducta Plavilstshikov
* Pachytodes cerambyciformis var. anticeundulata Pic
* Pachytodes cerambyciformis var. decempunctata (Olivier, 1795)
* Pachytodes cerambyciformis var. octomaculata (Schaller, 1783)

## Description

Pachytodes cerambyciformis can reach a length of 7–12 mm. These beetles have a quite compact body. Elytra are only about twice as long as broad, and clearly narrower towards the end. Head, pronotum and legs are black. Elitra are matt, light brownish-yellow, with black markings, which are very variable and sometimes absent. Usually they show two transversal black bands and a black apex. The first band usually is not continuous, while the second black band is narrower in the center. The suture is normally light brownish-yellow.
This species is very similar to Pachytodes erraticus. The differences are listed in the below table.

## Distribution and habitat

This beetle can be found in most of Europe and in western Asia. It is missing in the North Europe, while in Central Europe it is one of the most common species. In particular it is present in Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. This species inhabit especially hilly and mountainous areas.

## Biology

Adults are often encountered on flowers from May through August. Larvae eat many species of deciduous and coniferous trees, mainly feeding on the roots of Abies alba, Picea abies, Castanea sativa, Salix caprea and Aegopodium podagraria. In April or May larvae leave the host plant and pupate in the ground. The life cycle is complete in two years.
Comparison between Pachytodes cerambyciformis and Pachytodes erraticus :
| Elytra, close-up on the middle band | Elytra, close-up on the middle band | Hind legs, detail |
| | | P. cerambyciformis |
| P. cerambyciformis matte roughly punctured a ridge between the spots | P. erratica shiny less coarse punctures greater distance between the spots | P. erratica Green line: end of the fourth tarsus |
# Risaralda

Risaralda may refer to:
* Risaralda Department, an administrative division of Colombia
* Risaralda, Caldas a town and municipality in Caldas Department
# Panium

Panium, an ancient name in honour of the god Pan, may refer to:
* Banias, an ancient site in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights
* Panion, a city in Eastern Thrace, modern Barbaros
* Battle of Panium, a conflict in 200 BC
# Player's Handbook II

Player's Handbook II is the title of a third edition Dungeons & Dragons supplement. It is a handbook of rules and guidelines for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. As the name implies, the book is a supplement to the edition's Player's Handbook. It introduces supplemental rules, new spells and new classes.

## Contents

Player's Handbook II contains four new classes, along with new spells, feats, and new role-playing options.
Chapter two introduces four new base classes:
* Beguiler - A rogue-like spell-caster who specializes in illusions and enchantments.
* Dragon Shaman - A relatively well-rounded character who gains spell-like abilities similar to a dragon.
* Duskblade - An elven-based hybrid of the fighter and wizard, although it is available to any race.
* Knight - Lawful fighters who use bard-like charisma to draw threatening opponents away from party members and onto himself, like the tank in many MMORPGs
In addition to these new classes, many rules are included for existing character classes. These include expanded rules and options for many classes, new feats, more spells, and different roleplaying options for characters. Other sections contain information about the adventuring group, teamwork benefits, and affiliations. Finally, the last chapter contains information about modifying an existing character.

## Publication history

May 2006 saw the release of the Player's Handbook II, designed to follow up the standard Player's Handbook. This book was designed by David Noonan. Cover art is by Dan Scott, with interior art by Steve Belledin, Steve Ellis, Emily Fiegenschuh, Carl Frank, Ralph Horsley, David Hudnut, Michael Komarck, Howard Lyon, Mike May, Jim Nelson, Lucio Parillo, Eric Polak, Steve Prescott, Mike Schley, Ron Spencer, Franz Vohwinkel, and Eva Widermann. Its cover pays homage to the 1st edition Player's Handbook.

## Reception

The reviewer from Pyramid felt that the publication of this book suggests that players "can use quite a bit" of information for playing D&D.
# Preserver (novel)

Preserver is a novel by William Shatner, co-written with Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens, based upon the television series Star Trek. The novel was released in 2000 in hardcover format. This is the conclusion of a trilogy that began with Spectre and Dark Victory.

## Synopsis

Kirk's Mirror Universe double has risen to power as the evil Emperor Tiberius. This alternate universe version has failed in his quest to learn the secrets of the advanced 'First Federation'. Tiberius tries to intervene in Kirk's universe to learn the secrets of its version of the First. To complicate matters, Kirk's wife Teilani is deathly ill, a situation Tiberius gleefully takes advantage of in order to secure Kirk's assistance.
# Coles Hill, Virginia

Coles Hill is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is the site of the largest uranium deposit in the U.S.; however a 1982 Virginia ban on uranium mining has kept its resources from being used commercially. The lode is the subject of an ongoing controversy about possible extraction. Lower courts ruled in favor of the state's ban, however in October 2018 the case was scheduled to be heard by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld Virginia's ban on uranium mining in Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren.
# Verna Coleman

Verna Susannah Coleman (née Scott; born 13 September 1925 – 4 November 2011) was an Australian biographer, whose work concentrated on neglected aspects of controversial expatriate literary and political figures.

## Life and work

Verna Susannah Coleman was born in Sydney, the second daughter of Jack and Ruby Scott, and educated at Our Lady of Mercy College, Parramatta and the University of Sydney. After graduating in Arts, she worked as a librarian in the Mitchell Library and in the library of the University College, Canberra.
She wrote literary reviews for various journals from 1950 to 2005, but her first biographical subject was novelist Miles Franklin, whom she had assisted as a young librarian in the Mitchell Library. Miles Franklin in America: Her Unknown (Brilliant) Career covered Franklin's political career with the feminist and union movements in Chicago. The Last Exquisite explored the life of the Australian expatriate poet and Great War novelist Frederic Manning, who left Sydney at the age of 21 to become a controversial literary figure in London.
The Wayward Suffragette was a study of activist Adela Pankhurst, daughter of suffragette leader Emmeline Pankhurst, and is the only biography of this polarising figure, about whom it had been suggested that a biography could never be written. It follows her emigration to Australia, where she became prominent at both ends of the political spectrum, moving from the Communist Party to the far right Australia First movement.
At the time of her death Verna Coleman was working on a study of the careers of the New Zealand writer Katherine Mansfield and Katherine's Sydney-born cousin, Elizabeth von Arnim.
Verna Coleman was married to writer and politician Peter Coleman, and had two daughters, Tanya, who became a lawyer and later wife of Deputy Liberal Leader Peter Costello, Ursula, a children's writer, and a son William, who is an economist.

## Biographies

Her Unknown (Brilliant) Career: Miles Franklin in America (1981) Angus and Robertson, Sydney. ISBN 0207145369, 9780207145360
The Last Exquisite: A Portrait of Frederic Manning (1990) Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. ISBN 0522843700, 9780522843705
Adela Pankhurst: The Wayward Suffragette 1885–1961 (1996) Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. ISBN 0522847285, 978-0522847284

## Other biographical and critical writings

"Walsh, Adela Constantia Mary Pankhurst (1885–1961)" (2004) The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. ISBN 9780198614111
Foreword (1981) My career goes bung : purporting to be the autobiography of Sybilla Penelope Melvyn Miles Franklin by Miles Frankin Virago Modern Classics, London. ISBN 086068220X
"Portrait of the artist as a young girl" on the Australian writer Amy Witting, Quadrant, Sydney, 1990, Vol. 34 No. 263, pp. 110–111
The Good Reading Guide: 100 Critics review contemporary Australian fiction (1989) Helen Daniel (editor) McPhee Gribble, Melbourne. ISBN 0869141678, 9780869141670 entries on Jessica Andersen, Janette Turner Hospital, Barry Humphries, George Johnston, Christopher Koch, Morris Lurie, Peter Shrubb, Christina Stead.
# 1920–21 Sheffield Shield season

The 1920–21 Sheffield Shield season was the 25th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.

## Table

| Team | Pld | W | L | D | Pts |
| New South Wales | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Victoria | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| South Australia | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | -3 |

## Fixtures

* 29 October – 2 November 1920 Scorecard
* Victoria won by an innings and 79 runs Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: F. J. C. Thomas and G. I. Colyer
* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 26 November – 1 December 1920 Scorecard
* Victoria won by 385 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: Bob Crockett and H. J. Alessio
* Victoria won the toss and elected to bat.
* 3–9 December 1920 Scorecard
* Match drawn Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: Alfred Jones and William Curran
* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.
* 24–29 December 1920 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by 101 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: A. D. Reaburn and Bob Crockett
* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.
* 7–12 January 1921 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by 638 runs Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: A. H. Kruss and F. K. Lindow
* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.
* 25–28 January 1921 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by 6 wickets Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: Alfred Jones and William Curran
* Victoria won the toss and elected to bat.

## Statistics
### Most Runs

Warren Bardsley 648

### Most Wickets

Arthur Mailey 26

## Notable events

New South Wales set the record, which still stands, for the highest second innings total by a team in a first-class match, when scoring 770 against South Australia at Adelaide in January 1921. As well as this total, South Australia conceded innings totals of 639, 724 and 802 in their three other matches.
# Office of the Vice President

The Office of the Vice President may refer to:
* Office of the Vice President of the United States
* Office of the Vice President of the Philippines
* Office of the Vice-President (Zambia)
# P. eques

P. eques may refer to:
* Psittacula eques, a parakeet species
* Polypedates eques, a frog species endemic to Sri Lanka
# Padeș

Padeș is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Apa Neagră, Călugareni (the commune center), Cerna-Sat, Cloșani, Motru-Sec, Orzești, Padeș and Văieni.
# Risaralda, Caldas

Risaralda is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Caldas.
5°10′N 75°45′W﻿ / ﻿5.167°N 75.750°W﻿ / 5.167; -75.750
* This Caldas Department location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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