OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phillips Products Ltd v Hyland and Hamstead Plant Hire Co Ltd

Phillips Products Ltd v Hyland and Hamstead Plant Hire Co Ltd [1984] EWCA Civ 5 is an English contract law case concerning the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.

## Facts

Hamstead Plant Hire hired out a JCB excavator to Phillips Products. It also hired out a driver, Mr Hyland. Condition 8 of their contract stated the driver would be deemed to be the employee of Phillips Products. The driver crashed into Phillips’ factory wall. Phillips argued that Hamstead Plant Hire should pay for the damage caused by Mr Hyland, because condition 8 was caught by UCTA 1977 section 2(2) and was unreasonable. Hamstead Plant Hire argued it was not, asserting there had been no negligence on its part that was even being excluded, because there was no ‘breach’ of obligation in section 1(1)(b). The effect of condition 8, they contended, was that no liability for the driver had ever been assumed.

## Judgment

Slade LJ rejected Hamstead Plant Hire’s argument. Condition 8 was caught by UCTA 1977, and was unreasonable in excluding its liability for Mr Hyland's damage. When deciding what breach there is, the court should not include the exclusion clause in deciding whether a breach existed. Read with section 13(1), section 2 encompasses ‘terms and notices which exclude or restrict the relevant obligation or duty’, so section 2 clearly extends to duty defining, not just duty excluding clauses. Condition 8 failed the reasonableness test under section 11 and Schedule 2, because the claimants’ hire was for a short period, there was little opportunity for arranging insurance and no choice over the driver. Hamstead Plant Hire Co were in the best position to take out insurance.
# Phillips Payson Jr.

Phillips Payson (January 18, 1736 – January 11, 1801) was an American Congregationalist minister who was the pastor for the town of Chelsea, Massachusetts from 1757 until his death.
Payson is not the same man as Captain Samuel Payson who also fought during the Battle of Lexington. (Capt. Payson thereafter sold his farm to loan the money to his town to fund the revolution.)
He was born in Walpole, the son of Rev. Phillips Payson Sr. (1704–1778) and Anne Swift (1706–1756). The Payson family originated from Nazeing, England, first settling in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as early as 1635. Payson graduated from Harvard in 1754. He was ordained three years later. He married Elizabeth Stone (1735–1800), daughter of Rev. James Stone and Elizabeth Swift. Payson was a charter member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1780).

## History

Due to the policies of the British Empire, the free people of the Province of Massachusetts Bay were being reduced under a despotism that denied the authority of their elected representatives to govern. Instead a military government based in Boston had been granted absolute power.
Payson was the minister of a Protestant congregation in Chelsea, when he spoke an Election Sermon in support of the American Revolution and its goals of religious and civil liberty. He advocated a break from political tradition by emphasizing the new start of society in New England with statements (based on Galatians 4:26, 31) such as, "Recollecting our pious ancestors, the first settlers of the country, – nor shall we look for ancestry beyond that period, – and we may say in the most literal sense, we are children not of the bond woman, but of the free."
Rev. Dr. Payson and his congregants thereafter freely elected to support and protect their liberties, and formed an armed party to protect their parish. During the Battles of Lexington and Concord, their militia engaged British troops at Menotomy:
# Porta Pinciana

Porta Pinciana is a gate of the Aurelian Walls in Rome.
The name derives from the gens Pincia, who owned the eponymous hill (Pincian Hill). In ancient times it was also called Porta Turata ("Plugged Gate", for it was partially closed) and Porta Salaria vetus, as the oldest Via Salaria passed under it (the Via Salaria nova passed under the Porta Salaria).
The gate was built under the emperor Honorius in the early 5th century.
During the Middle Ages a legend told that the Byzantine general Belisarius, who here had defended Rome against the Ostrogoths in the siege of 537–538, was refused admission by the Romans.
The two side passages are a modern addition. The gate remained closed until the early 20th century.
# PJP

PJP may refer to:
* People's Justice Party (UK), a former political party
* Plastic Jet Printing, see Fused deposition modeling.
* Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, an opportunistic infection mainly affecting HIV positive persons
* .pjp, a file extension for JPEG
# Porta Querquetulana

The Porta Querquetulana or Querquetularia was a gateway in the Servian Wall, named after the sacred grove of the Querquetulanae adjacent to and just within it. The grove appears not to have still existed in the latter first century BC.
The location of the gate is problematic. Lawrence Richardson located it at the edge of Regio V Esquiliae, with the Clivus Scauri passing through it. Platner located the gate and the wood on or near the Caelian Hill, but between the Porta Capena and the Porta Caelimontana. The Caelian Hill was supposed to have been named Mons Querquetulanus before it was settled by Caelius Vibenna and named for him, and the location of the gate on the Caelian is based in part on the earlier name.
In the early twenty-first century, photogrammetric data and 3D visualization have suggested that the grove of the Querquetulanae may have been incorporated into the Gardens of Maecenas. A nymphaeum from the time of Hadrian would have replaced the natural spring within it. In this view, the grove was located in Regio III, along the Via Labicana. A location on the Esquiline Hill is also possible. Pliny places the Porta Querquetulana between Jupiter Fagutalis and the Viminal Hill, and thus within the Esquiline.
# Youndouo

Youndouo is a town in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Bouna Department in Bounkani Region, Zanzan District.
Youndouo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Youndouo was 12,602.

## Villages

The twelve villages of the sub-prefecture of Youndouo and their population in 2014 are:
* Dihintédouo (1 061)
* Dihodouo (297)
* Dikotédouo (1 202)
* Fotibdouo 2 (519)
* Gboronkildouo (1 587)
* Gommidouo (289)
* Kartoudouo (1 061)
* Kipiendouo (686)
* Kissoptédouo (353)
* Kontounondouo (1 353)
* Tiboultédouo (555)
* Youndouo (3 639)
# Monte gerbil mouse

The Monte gerbil mouse or Monte laucha (Eligmodontia moreni) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Argentina.
# Neohymenopogon

Neohymenopogon is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.
Its native range is Central Himalayas to Southern Central China and Northern Indo-China.

## Species

Species:
* Neohymenopogon assamicus (Hook.f.) Bennet
* Neohymenopogon oligocarpus (H.L.Li) Bennet
* Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) Bennet
# YDU

YDU may refer to:
* Kasba Lake Airport, the IATA code YDU
* Young Democrats of Utah, an American political organization
* Yu Da University of Science and Technology, a private university in Zaoqiao, Miaoli County, Taiwan
* Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi (YDÜ), a private university located in Northern Cyprus
* Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi (women's basketball), a university in Northern Cyprus
# Phytotherapy Research

Phytotherapy Research is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original research papers, short communications, reviews, and letters on medicinal plant research. Key areas of interest are pharmacology, toxicology, and the clinical applications of herbs and natural products in medicine, from case histories to full clinical trials, including studies of herb-drug interactions and other aspects of the safety of herbal medicines. Papers concerned with the effects of common food ingredients and standardised plant extracts, including commercial products, are particularly relevant, as are mechanistic studies on isolated natural products.
The editor-in-chief is Angelo Izzo (University of Naples).

## Impact factor

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 5.882, ranking it 8th out of 63 journals in the category "Chemistry, medicinal" and 36th out of 276 journals in the category "Pharmacology & Pharmacy".
# Ohrazenice (Příbram District)

Ohrazenice is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# Ramón Eguiazábal

Ramón Eguiazábal Berroa (14 April 1896 – 1939) was a Spanish association football player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Irun. He was a member of the Spanish team, which won the silver medal in the football tournament.
# Mordellistena maroccana

Mordellistena maroccana is a species of beetle is the family Mordellidae.
# Ginevra (given name)

Ginevra is a feminine given name. It was occasionally used in medieval and Renaissance Italy in reference to Queen Guinevere, King Arthur’s queen in the popular Arthurian legends. It is the Italian version of the name Guinevere, which is a Norman French version of the Welsh name Gwenhwyfar, meaning "white" and "smooth" or "white phantom." It is also associated with the juniper tree in Italy, where the name for the tree is ginepro. Geneva, Switzerland is called Ginevra in Italian. It is a currently popular name for girls in Italy, where it has been among the top 100 names given to newborn girls since 1999 and among the top 10 most popular names for baby girls since 2016. It is in occasional use in other countries, including the United States, where it was given to 12 newborn girls born in 2020, to 14 girls born in 2021, and to 16 girls in 2022, and Switzerland, where it was given to 17 girls born in 2020.

## People

* Ginevra de' Benci (aristocrat) (1457–1521), Italian aristocrat
* Ginevra Cantofoli (1618–1672), Italian painter
* Ginevra Elkann (born 1979), Italian apprentice film director
* Ginevra d'Este (1419–1440), Italian noblewoman
* Ginevra King (1898–1980), American socialite and debutante

## Fictional characters

* Ginevra di Scozia, the title character of the opera by Simon Mayr
* Princess Ginevra of Scotland, one of the main characters of Handel's opera Ariodante
* Ginevra or Ginny Weasley in Harry Potter books
* Ginevra Fanshawe in Charlotte Brontë's novel Villette
# Morillon

Morillon may refer to:

## People

* Maximilien Morillon (1516–1586), French bishop
* Philippe Morillon (born 1935), French general and politician

## Places

* Morillon, Haute-Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
* Saint-Morillon, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France

## Other

* Morillon, alternative name for 2 varieties of grape:
** Chardonnay
** Négrette
# Wenlin Software for learning Chinese

Wenlin Software for Learning Chinese (Chinese: 文林; pinyin: Wénlín; lit. 'Literature forest') is a software application designed by Tom Bishop, who is also president of the Wenlin Institute. It is based on his experience of the needs of learners of the Chinese language, predominantly Mandarin. It contains a dictionary function, a corpus of Chinese texts, a function for reading and creating Chinese text files, and a flashcard function. By pointing the cursor at a Chinese character the software looks up an English word, and vice versa, working like a dictionary. The software recognizes files in Unicode, GB 2312, Big5, and HZ format.

## Functions
### Dictionary function

The dictionary contains an electronic version of the ABC Chinese–English Dictionary by John DeFrancis and the Shuowen Jiezi seal character dictionary. The current version (4.3.2) contains more than 300,000 Chinese-English entries and over 60,000 English-Chinese entries. It allows users to search for Chinese characters or words by inputting either Chinese characters or pinyin using a variety of input options, including handwriting recognition. Users can update existing entries and add new entries to the dictionary. The program can also be extended with additional data modules, such as the ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese.
Unlike most electronic Chinese dictionaries, characters in Wenlin are defined in terms of the Character Description Language (CDL), an XML specification for describing complex glyphs in East Asian language, developed by the Wenlin Institute. This allows the program to define characters and character variants that are not defined in existing character sets such as Unicode. Version 4.3.2 of Wenlin covers more than 80,000 Chinese characters, including many rare characters.

### List function

The software allows the user to display lists of Chinese characters ordered by pinyin, stroke count, frequency, components, or Unicode. It also displays lists of words by pinyin, frequency, and serial number. English words can be displayed alphabetically, as well as the 214 radicals of the Chinese language.

### Corpus and text function

The paid version of the software comes with a small corpus of largely Classical Chinese texts. The software also allows users to open text files in a variety of Chinese character encodings.

## Development and versioning

Wenlin Software for Learning Chinese is developed and sold by the Wenlin Institute, a Social Purpose Corporation for Chinese and English language education, with Tom Bishop as President. The current paid version of the software, called the DELUXE Edition (Chinese: 文林完整版; pinyin: Wénlín Wánzhěngbǎn), is 4.3.2. Wenlin Institute also offers a free 4.2.1 version, called the Free Edition (Chinese: 文林免費版; pinyin: Wénlín Miǎnfèibǎn).
# Wenling Tan Monfardini

Wenling Tan Monfardini (born 28 October 1972) is a Chinese-born naturalised Italian professional table tennis player.

## Biography

Since 2003 she has won several medals in single, double, and team events at the Table Tennis European Championships.
She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics, reaching the second round of the singles competition both times.
# Neal Marshall Stevens

Neal Marshall Stevens is an American screenwriter, author, teacher and writer, best known for writing several Hollywood horror films such as Thirteen Ghosts.

## Education

Stevens studied at NYU’s Graduate School of Film and Television.

## Career

He began his career on Laurel Entertainment’s series, Monsters which aired from 1988 to 1991. He went on to work as Laurel’s Senior Story editor on other projects, including The Vernon Johns Story, Precious Victims and Stephen King’s The Stand. He wrote Thirteen Ghosts, a 2001 remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle, for Dark Castle Entertainment. In the US, the film opened ranking 2nd, making $15,165,355. His original screenplay, Deader was bought by to Dimension Pictures, and subsequently produced as Hellraiser: Deader, a 2005 sequel in the long-running horror franchise created by Clive Barker.
Into the late 2000s and 2010s, much of Stevens' output would veer towards direct-to-video releases. He would write Puppet Master: Axis Termination, the twelfth film in the titular series for Full Moon Pictures, and the later sequel Blade: The Iron Cross in 2020.
In 2012, Stevens wrote the comic Havoc Brigade. In 2022, Stevens published a screenwriting manual, A Sense of Dread: Getting Under the Skin of Horror Screenwriting. The book draws from his extensive film experience and analyzes concepts of fear and how they can be applied in cinema. He also teaches screenwriting at Maharashi International University
# Weißensee, Thuringia

Weißensee (German for "white lake") is a town in the district of Sömmerda, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated 6 km northwest of Sömmerda, and 25 km north of Erfurt. The former municipality Herrnschwende was merged into Weißensee in January 2019.

## History

Weissensee is one of a very few towns which was actually planned in the Middle Ages. Founded in the second half of the 12th century by Jutta Claricia, Landgravine of Thuringia and sister of Emperor Frederick I, it gained market rights in 1198 and city rights in 1265. Due to its excellent strategic position between two lakes – from which the town takes its name – and a ridge of hills, Weissensee rapidly became a very important trade centre, especially for fish and woad.
Some notable figures lived on the Runneburg and in 1446 William III, Landgrave of Thuringia adopted the first Thuringian constitution. During the Renaissance the town became less important and the two lakes were drained. But after the Congress of Vienna in 1814 it was awarded to Prussia and underwent a revival as district capital.
Weissensee is famous for its medieval castle, one of the largest in Thuringia, and for its annual Bierfest.

## Climate

Since October 2017, there has been a private weather station in Weißensee, whose data measured at an altitude of 143 m above sea level are permanently available on the Internet. A maximum temperature of 38.2 °C was measured there on 20 July 2022, and a minimum temperature of -24.4 °C on 10 February 2021.
# Ndlovu Youth Choir

The Ndlovu Youth Choir is a South African musical group founded in 2009.
Their debut studio album Africa (2019) debuted number one in South Africa.

## History

Ndlovu Youth Choir was formed in January 2009 by Ndlovu Care Group childcare community based in Elandsdoorn, Limpopo.
In October 2018, they released a single "Shape of You" with South African flautist Wouter Kellerman. The song won Best Independent Music Video at the Hollywood Music Awards.
Towards the end of 2019, they auditioned on America's Got Talent season 14 and lost the competition on the finalists.
They signed a record deal with Syco Entertainment joint venture with Sony and began recording their debut studio album Africa after they returned from America’s Got Talent.
Their debut studio album Africa was released on November 29, 2019. The album won Best Adult Contemporary Album and debuted number one in South Africa.
Their second album Rise was released on December 11, 2020.
Their third studio album Grateful was released on April 29, 2022. They collaborated with 25K, Sun-El Musician, Tyler ICU and the National Youth Choirs of Great Britain.

## Discography

* Africa (2019)
* Rise (2020)
* Grateful (2022)
* Celebrate (To be released in 2023)

## Awards
### Hollywood Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2018 | "Shape of You" | Best Independent Music Video | Won |

### South African Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| 2020 | Africa | Best Adult Contemporary Album | Won | |
| 2020 | Ndlovu Youth Choir | International Achievement Award | Won | |
# Gilbert II de la Hay

Sir Gilbert de la Hay (died April 1333), fifth feudal baron of Errol in Gowrie, was Lord High Constable of Scotland from 1309 (hereditary in 1314).
Gilbert was the son of Nicholas de la Haye of Erroll and Joan. He was one of the companions of Robert de Brus and was at Robert's coronation at Scone on 27 March 1306 with his younger brother Hugh de la Haye. A close supporter of King Robert I of Scotland he commanded his bodyguard at the Battle of Methven in 1306, and fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, following which he went as an Ambassador to England to negotiate a truce.
Robert the Bruce granted him the lands of Slains, Aberdeenshire. He signed the Declaration of Arbroath.
His son, Nicholas de la Haye, fell at the battle of Dupplin Moor (1332) fighting Edward Balliol, leaving as his successor the Constable's grandson, Sir David de la Hay, sixth feudal baron of Erroll.
# Gingerbeer

Gingerbeer may refer to:
* Ginger beer, a drink
* Gingerbeer (web community), a London-based web community for lesbians and bisexual women
# Ian Urquhart

Ian Urquhart was the managing editor of the Toronto Star from 1987 to 1993.

## Early life

Urquhart attended McGill University, graduating in 1970.

## Career

Urquhart was a city hall reporter for the Toronto Telegram. In 1971, he moved to The Toronto Star where he was a city hall reporter. In 1973, he moved to the Star's Ottawa bureau where he worked as a reporter. Starting in 1975, he was the Ottawa and Washington, D.C. correspondent for Maclean's magazine for five years. In 1980, he rejoined the staff of the Star, serving as Ottawa Bureau Chief.
By 1983, he was promoted to national editor of the Star. That year, the Star won a National Newspaper Award for its coverage of the Brian Mulroney leadership convention. In 1985, the Star promoted him to editorial page editor. He was the Star's managing editor between 1987 and 1993.
After 1993, he returned to being a columnist for the Star, writing about Queen's Park. In 2007, he returned to overseeing the newspaper's editorial page.
# Pelvic lipomatosis

Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare disease that is most often seen in older obese black men with hypertension. In pelvic lipomatosis, abnormally dense deposits of otherwise apparently normal fat may be observed in the spaces of the pelvic area. It is associated with cystitis glandularis, a precursor to adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. It is associated with deposition of mature unencapsulated fat in the retroperitoneal pelvic space producing the typical "pear-shaped" appearance of the bladder on CT scan. This condition also causes a straightening and tubular appearance of the rectum.
# Neoterebra juanica

Neoterebra juanica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Puerto Rico
# Negera natalensis

Negera natalensis is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Felder in 1874. It is found in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Gambia, Uganda and Zambia.
The larvae feed on Pavetta lanceolata and Coffea species.

## Subspecies

* Negera natalensis natalensis (South Africa)
* Negera natalensis geometroides (Holland, 1893) (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)
* Negera natalensis parviluma Watson, 1965 (Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Gambia)
# Ramón Encinas

Ramón Encinas (19 May 1893 in Pontevedra – 21 March 1967 in Madrid) was a Spanish football player and manager. As manager, he coached Celta Vigo, Alavés, Sevilla, Valencia and Real Madrid. He led Valencia and Sevilla to their first league titles.
# Neohylus

Neohylus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Neohylus alexandrei Martins & Galileo, 2010
* Neohylus dubius (Dillon & Dillon, 1945)
# YDT

YDT may refer to:
* Boundary Bay Airport near Vancouver, Canada
* A US Navy hull classification symbol: Diving tender (YDT)
* Yukon Daylight Time, no longer observed; see Yukon Time Zone