OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William A. Slater

William Albert Slater (1857–1919), was an American businessman, art collector, and philanthropist from Connecticut who was a member of the prominent Slater family.

## Early life and career

William Slater, the son of John Fox Slater and grandson of John Slater (Samuel Slater's brother and partner), was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on December 25, 1857. He was educated at Norwich Free Academy, then studied abroad, and later graduated from Harvard College in 1881. He studied art history under Charles Eliot Norton, and after graduating, Slater went on to acquire a notable art collection, including works by Rembrandt, and eventually began lending his paintings to the Slater Museum.
Slater married Ellen Burdett Peck on June 11, 1885. He worked in the family's textile business, the Slatersville Mills and Jewett City Mills.
William Slater also served as a trustee of the Slater Fund. In 1886, Slater presented the Slater Memorial Museum to Norwich Free Academy in memory of his father. He also constructed Norwich's "Broadway Theater" and sponsored various shows there.
In 1894, the Slaters and their two young children, William and Eleanor, travelled around the world in their 232-foot yacht, the Eleanor, named after their daughter. It had been constructed at Bath Iron Works in 1893–1894. Slater had an office in Boston, Massachusetts, and was a member of the Somerset Club and Tavern Club. In 1900 Slater sold the village of Slatersville, Rhode Island and the mill within it to James Hooper.
Slater died in Washington, D.C., on February 25, 1919. He was survived by his wife Ellen and two children – William A. Slater, Jr. of Norwich and Eleanor Halsey Malone of New York. After his death, Slater's family sold the remaining Jewett City Mills.
# Nepalese language

Nepalese language may refer to:
* Nepali language, or Gorkhali, the official language of modern Nepal
* Newari language, or Nepal Bhasa, the historical language of Kathmandu
# Medveja

Medveja may refer to:
* Medveja, Moldova
* Medveja, Croatia
# Grassby

Grassby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Al Grassby (1926–2005), Australian politician
* Bertram Grassby (1880–1953), English silent movie actor
* Ellnor Grassby (born 1937), Australian politician
# IRENA Group

The IRENA Group (simplified Chinese: 体育之窗; traditional Chinese: 體育之窗; pinyin: Tǐyù Zhīchuāng) is a platform company in China's sports industry. The company also known for its brand iRENA.

## Company

Founded in 2001, the IRENA Group provides venue operation, sports events operation, copyrights trading, tickets services, mobile game services, fan club services and franchising of sports events.
On November 16, 2015, IRENA was listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations (NEEQ), as NEEQ: 834358.
In 2016 the company participated in a private equity fund based in Changxing as general partner and "deferred-class" limited partner for a combined CN¥150 million, while a subsidiary (Chinese: 东方邦信资本管理有限公司; lit. 'Orient–Bangxin Capital Management') of China Orient Asset Management, subscribed CN¥450 million as limited partner. In turn the fund would subscribe the capital increase of a wholly owned subsidiary of IRENA based in Shenzhen (Chinese: 体育之窗文化传播(深圳)有限公司), for CN¥464.669 million, making the fund was the ownership of the ex-subsidiary for 98.84% stake. It was announced on 13 January the fund would acquire 3.9086% stake of Zhejiang Chouzhou Bank from Hangzhou Yuning Electronic Technology for CN¥464.669 million.

## Sponsored events

* Chinese Super League
* China Basketball Association
* NBA China Game
* Asian Women's Volleyball Championship

## Operating venues

* Beijing Worker's Stadium
* Hongkou Football Stadium
* Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium
* Helong Stadium
# Michel Rosier

Michel Rosier (1950–2004) was a French historian of economics.
He was a professor at the University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée. He was also an active member of PHARE (Pôle d’histoire et d’analyse des représentations économiques) at the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University.

## Works

* L'Etat expérimentateur. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1993.
* (ed. with Lucien Gillard) François Simiand (1873-1935): sociologie, histoire, économie. Amsterdam: Ed. des Archives contemporaines, 1996.
# Nikkei Cup

The Nikkei Cup, also known as the Torakichi Nakamura Memorial tournament, was a professional golf tournament that was held in Japan from 1985 to 1998. It was an event on the Japan Golf Tour and played at a variety of courses in Japan. It was dedicated in recognition of the achievements of Torakichi Nakamura.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up | Venue |
| Nikkei Cup Torakichi Nakamura Memorial |||||||
| 1998 | Mitsutaka Kusakabe | 280 | −8 | 1 stroke | Masashi Ozaki | Fuji (Dejima) |
| 1997 | Yeh Chang-ting | 272 | −16 | Playoff | Tsukasa Watanabe | Fuji (Dejima) |
| 1996 | Hideki Kase | 271 | −17 | 2 strokes | Lin Keng-chi | Fuji (Dejima) |
| 1995 | Tetsu Nishikawa | 269 | −19 | 2 strokes | Tomohiro Maruyama | Fuji (Dejima) |
| Nikkei Cup |||||||
| 1994 | Toru Suzuki | 268 | −20 | 5 strokes | Katsunari Takahashi | Mitsui Tomakomai |
| 1993 | Samson Gimson | 276 | −12 | 2 strokes | Hisayuki Sasaki | Mitsui Tomakomai |
| 1992 | Kiyoshi Murota | 280 | −8 | Playoff | Masahiro Kuramoto | Mitsui Tomakomai |
| 1991 | Naomichi Ozaki (2) | 203 | −7 | Playoff | Eiichi Itai | Yasukogen |
| 1990 | Satoshi Higashi | 282 | −6 | 1 stroke | Nobuo Serizawa | Mitsui Tomakomai |
| 1989 | Yoshimi Niizeki | 271 | −9 | Playoff | Saburo Fujiki | Izu Nirayama |
| 1988 | Masashi Ozaki (2) | 283 | −5 | 4 strokes | Naomichi Ozaki | Sanyo (Yoshii) |
| 1987 | Nobuo Serizawa | 277 | −7 | 1 stroke | Masashi Ozaki Naomichi Ozaki Masahiro Shiota | Gifuseki |
| 1986 | Masashi Ozaki | 268 | −20 | 4 strokes | Ikuo Shirahama | Gamou |
| 1985 | Naomichi Ozaki | 270 | −14 | 4 strokes | Yoshihisa Iwashita | Kawagoe |
# Mechelen-Turnhout (Flemish Parliament constituency)

Mechelen-Turnhout was a constituency used to elect members of the Flemish Parliament between 1995 and 2003.

## Representatives

| Election | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) | MFP (Party) |
| 1995 | | Jos Geysels (Agalev) | | Luk Van Nieuwenhuysen (VB) | | Frank Creyelman (VB) | | Jef Van Looy (CVP) | | Freddy Sarens (CVP) | | Kathleen Helsen (CVP) | | Hugo Van Rompaey (CVP) | | Kris Van Dijck (VU | | Marc De Laet (PS) | | Jef Sleeckx (PS) | | Pieter Huybrechts (VB) | | Marleen Vanderpoorten (VLD) | | Arnold Van Aperen (VLD) | | Leo Cannaerts (CVP) |
| 1999 | Pieter Huybrechts (VB) | Jos Geysels (Agalev) | Luc Van den Brande (CVP) | Luk Van Nieuwenhuysen (VB) | Ingrid Van Kessel (CVP) | Lucien Suykens (PS) | Jan Van Duppen (PS) | Jef Van Looy (CVP) | | Freddy Sarens (CVP) | Frans De Cock (VLD) | Cis Schepens (VLD) | Peter Gysbrechts (VLD) | | Margriet Hermans (VU | Kris Van Dijck (VU |
# Tolsti Vrh pri Mislinji

Tolsti Vrh pri Mislinji (pronounced) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Mislinja in northern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of Mislinja. The area is part of the traditional region of Carinthia. It is now included in the Carinthia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Tolsti Vrh to Tolsti Vrh pri Mislinji in 1952.

## Cultural heritage

A small chapel-shrine in the settlement dates to the late 19th century.
# Millman's theorem

In electrical engineering, Millman's theorem (or the parallel generator theorem) is a method to simplify the solution of a circuit. Specifically, Millman's theorem is used to compute the voltage at the ends of a circuit made up of only branches in parallel.
It is named after Jacob Millman, who proved the theorem.

## Explanation

Let $e_{k}$ be the generators' voltages. Let $R_{k}$ be the resistances on the branches with voltage generators $e_{k}$. Then Millman states that the voltage at the ends of the circuit is given by:
    $v={\frac {\sum {\frac {e_{k}}{R_{k}}}}{\sum {\frac {1}{R_{k}}}}}.$
That is, the sum of the short circuit currents in branch divided by the sum of the conductances in each branch.
It can be proved by considering the circuit as a single supernode. Then, according to Ohm and Kirchhoff, the voltage between the ends of the circuit is equal to the total current entering the supernode divided by the total equivalent conductance of the supernode. The total current is the sum of the currents in each branch. The total equivalent conductance of the supernode is the sum of the conductance of each branch, since all the branches are in parallel.

## Branch variations
### Current sources

One method of deriving Millman's theorem starts by converting all the branches to current sources (which can be done using Norton's theorem). A branch that is already a current source is simply not converted. In the expression above, this is equivalent to replacing the $e_{k}/R_{k}$ term in the numerator of the expression above with the current of the current generator, where the kth branch is the branch with the current generator. The parallel conductance of the current source is added to the denominator as for the series conductance of the voltage sources. An ideal current source has zero conductance (infinite resistance) and so adds nothing to the denominator.

### Ideal voltage sources

If one of the branches is an ideal voltage source, Millman's theorem cannot be used, but in this case the solution is trivial, the voltage at the output is forced to the voltage of the ideal voltage source. The theorem does not work with ideal voltage sources because such sources have zero resistance (infinite conductance) so the summation of both the numerator and denominator are infinite and the result is indeterminate.
# Nephelauxetic effect

The nephelauxetic effect is a term used in the inorganic chemistry of transition metals. It refers to a decrease in the Racah interelectronic repulsion parameter, given the symbol B, that occurs when a transition-metal free ion forms a complex with ligands. The name "nephelauxetic" comes from the Greek for cloud-expanding and was proposed by the Danish inorganic chemist C. K. Jorgensen. The presence of this effect highlights the disadvantages of crystal field theory, which treats metal-ligand interactions as purely electrostatic, since the nephelauxetic effect reveals the covalent character in the metal-ligand interaction.

## Racah parameter

The decrease in the Racah parameter B indicates that in a complex there is less repulsion between the two electrons in a given doubly occupied metal d-orbital than there is in the respective M$^{n+}$ gaseous metal ion, which in turn implies that the size of the orbital is larger in the complex. This electron cloud expansion effect may occur for one (or both) of two reasons. One is that the effective positive charge on the metal has decreased. Because the positive charge of the metal is reduced by any negative charge on the ligands, the d-orbitals can expand slightly. The second is the act of overlapping with ligand orbitals and forming covalent bonds increases orbital size, because the resulting molecular orbital is formed from two atomic orbitals.
The reduction of B from its free ion value is normally reported in terms of the nephelauxetic parameter β:
$\beta ={\frac {B_{\text{complex}}}{B_{\text{free ion}}}}$
Experimentally, it is observed that size of the nephelauxetic parameter always follows a certain trend with respect to the nature of the ligands present.

## Ligands

The list shown below enlists some common ligands (showing increasing nephelauxetic effect):
    F$^−$ < H$_2$O < NH$_3$ < en < [NCS - N]$^−$ < Cl$^−$ < [CN]$^−$ < Br$^−$ < N$_3$$^−$ < I$^−$
Although parts of this series may seem quite similar to the spectrochemical series of ligands - for example, cyanide, ethylenediamine, and fluoride seem to occupy similar positions in the two - others such as chloride, iodide and bromide (amongst others), occupy very different positions. The ordering roughly reflects the ability of the ligands to form good covalent bonds with metals - those that have a small effect are at the start of the series, whereas those that have a large effect are at the end of the series.

## Central metal ion

The nephelauxetic effect does not only depend upon the ligand type, but also upon the central metal ion. These too can be arranged in order of increasing nephelauxetic effect as follows:
    Mn(II) < Ni(II) ≈ Co(II) < Mo(II) < Re(IV) < Fe(III) < Ir(III) < Co(III) < Mn(IV)
# Ucenprubart

Ucenprubart (LY3454738) is a monoclonal antibody that acts as an agonist at CD200R1 and is developed by Eli Lilly and Company for atopic dermatitis and other autoimmune diseases.
# William Thorold

William Thorold may refer to:
* William Thorold (engineer), English engineer and architect
* William Thorold (died by 1594), MP for Grantham
* Sir William Thorold, 1st Baronet, his son, English landowner and politician, MP for Grantham
# Michel Rouche

Michel Rouche (30 May 1934 – 5 December 2021) was a French historian and academic. He specialized in the history of Gaul during the Roman Empire and in the Middle Ages.

## Biography

Rouche earned an agrégation in history in 1959 and subsequently taught at the Lycée Pierre-d'Ailly [fr] in Compiègne. He earned a doctorate in history from Paris-Sorbonne University in 1976 and became a professor at Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III, the Institut Catholique de Paris, and Paris-Sorbonne University.
Rouche was heavily focused on the end of ancient history and the establishment of barbaric kingdoms in the Early Middle Ages, notably the Visigothic Kingdom. He met Pope John Paul II in 1996 in Reims during a celebration in commemoration of the baptism of Clovis I. He also helped to draft the film Clovis et son temps, directed by Jacques Barsac.
Michel Rouche died in Paris on 5 December 2021, at the age of 87.

## Books

* L'Europe au Moyen Âge : documents expliqués (1969)
* L'Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes 418-781 : naissance d'une région (1979)
* Histoire générale de l’enseignement et de l’éducation en France. Tome 1, Des origines à la Renaissance (ve siècle av. J.-C.- xve siècle) (1981)
* Clovis, suivi de vingt en un documents traduits et commentés (1996)
* Clovis histoire et mémoire : actes du colloque international d'histoire de Reims (1998)
* Mariage et sexualité au Moyen Âge : accord ou crise ? : colloque international de Conques (2000)
* Charlemagne : Rome chez les Francs (2000)
* Le choc des cultures : romanité, germanité, chrétienté durant le haut Moyen Âge (2003)
* Le Moyen Âge en Occident : des barbares à la Renaissance (2003)
* Histoire de la papauté : 2000 ans de missions et de tribulations (2003)
* Les racines de l'Europe : les sociétés du Haut Moyen Âge, 588 à 888 (2003)
* Histoire du Moyen Âge VIIe - Milieu du xe siècle (2005)
* Auctoritas, mélanges offerts à Olivier Guillot : cultures et civilisations médiévales (2006)
* Petite histoire du couple et de la sexualité (2006)
* Les origines du christianisme : 30-451 (2007)
* Attila, La violence nomade (2009)
# NikkeiWest

The NikkeiWest is a bi-monthly newspaper based in San Jose, California serving the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento Valley areas. With the disestablishment in 2009 of two prominent Japanese American bilingual dailies, the Nichi Bei Times and the Hokubei Mainichi Newspaper, the Nikkei West remains the largest and oldest printed English newspaper serving Northern California's Japanese American community. The newspaper serves as a source of current events, news, sports and articles that are directly related to the Japanese American culture and heritage with articles of interests for the Nisei, Sansei and Yonsei generations. The NikkeiWest is the oldest all-English language publication for Japanese Americans in the Northern California region. In addition, this newspaper was the first Nikkei publication to have internet presence and provide e-commerce for its readers.
The NikkeiWest has a bimonthly circulation of 2,000 copies. The editor is June Yasuhara and Denise Hayashi. In 2024, with the new ownership NikkeiWest Foundation was formed as a non-profit 501(c)(3).

## History

The NikkeiWest was founded in 1992 to serve the English speaking Japanese American Community in San Jose. The paper serves over 90,000 English-speaking Northern California Japanese Americans.
In 2013, NikkeiWest featured the Confinement Sites Grant program awards on its front page.
# Mechanicsville, Rockbridge County, Virginia

Mechanicsville is an unincorporated community in Rockbridge County, Virginia, United States. Mechanicsville is 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Buena Vista.
# Our Rice House

Our Rice House (Chinese: 我们的饭店) is a modern Singaporean Chinese 8 episode family drama which is telecast on Singapore's free-to-air channel, MediaCorp TV Channel 8. It made its debut on 4 February 2008.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Thomas Ong as Da Fan
* Cavin Soh as Xiao Fan
* Aileen Tan as Li Ying
* Michelle Chong as Ting Ting

### Supporting cast

* Chen Guohua as An Ge
* Michelle Tay as Sally
* Pan Hongjin as Ma La Ji

## Viewership ratings

| Week | Episode | Date | Percentage of population (Round off to nearest 0.1%) |
| Week 1 | Episode 1 | 4 February 2008 | 11.8% |
| Week 2 | Episode 2 | 11 February 2008 | 12% |
* This drama television program–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vittoria Plain

The Vittoria Plain, also called Ipparino, is a broad and sweeping plain which makes up the western part of the province of Ragusa in Sicily.

## Geography

The Vittoria plain has an extension of appr. 420 km² and is bounded on the south-west by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by the Hyblean Mountains and on the north-west by the river Dirillo and the low hills of Mazzarrone. It rises to an altitude of 245 m (803 ft), with an average elevation of perhaps 100 m (330 ft). The climate can be uncomfortably hot in the summer, with temperatures of 40 °C being common. The rainfall on the plain is significantly lower than in the mountains. The main rivers are the Dirillo running on the north and the Ippari running on the southern part. In the plain there is also another river, the Rifriscolaro.

## Population

The main city is Vittoria lying on the western part of the plain. Other towns on the plain are Comiso and Acate.

## Agricultural cultivations

It is one of the most important agricultural areas in southern Italy given the presence of numerous farms dedicated to serriculture that supply the Vittoria fruit and vegetable market, which is among the largest and most important in Italy and Europe. In addition to fruit and leaf vegetables, grown in the western part of the plain, there are agriculture citrus fruit with the cultivation of aranci and lemons in the central part and l 'olive growing and viticulture in the eastern part.
# Governor Napier

Governor Napier may refer to:
* Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier (1819–1898), Governor of Madras from 1866 to 1872
* Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala (1810–1890), Governor of Gibraltar from 1876 to 1883
* George Thomas Napier (1784–1855), Governor of the Cape Colony from 1838 to 1844
# Mount Gandhamadana

Mt. Gandhamadana is the tallest peak on Pamban Island near Rameswaram, which lies in the Palk Strait between mainland India and Sri Lanka. It is believed by many people that Lord Hanuman resides there.

## Location

Gandhamadana is located 3 kilometres from Rameswaram, almost midway between the western edge of the island and the ghost-town of Dhanushkodi at the corner of the eastern promontory.

## Legends

Mt. Gandhamadana is believed to be the hillock from whose summit, the Rama-devotee Hanuman, commenced his flight to Ravana's Lanka. Kalidasa [Kumarasambhava, VI] refers to Gandhamadana, in the vicinity of the mythical city of Osadhiprastha in Himalaya Mountain, having Santanaka trees.
Nath tradition holds that Parashurama, after enacting his vengeance, sought out Dattatreya atop Mount Gandhamadana for spiritual guidance. Their conversations gave rise to Tripura Rahasya, a treatise on Advaita Vedanta. It was here the deity instructed the warrior-sage on knowledge of scripture, renunciation of worldly activities, and non-duality, thus freeing Parashurama from the cycle of death and rebirth. Gandhamadan Parvat is also known as Rama Feet.
# Ucero

Ucero is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.
It lies on the River Ucero which runs to El Burgo de Osma to the south and then into the River Duero, and is the natural entrance to the Cañón del Río Lobos Natural Park. It contains the castle of Ucero and several hermitages.
# William and Ann (1818 Bermuda ship)

William and Ann was launched in Bermuda in 1818. In 1824 the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) purchased William and Ann. In 1825 she became the first HBC vessel to trade with the Pacific Northwest, competing directly with the Boston fur traders. She made three voyages to Fort George on the Columbia River, and was lost on 10 March 1829 on her fourth as she was arriving there.

## Career

William and Ann first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1823.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1823 | D.Seon | D.Seon | London–Bermuda | LR |
| 1826 | D.Seon Hanwell | D.Seon Hudson's Bay Company | London–Bermuda | LR; small repairs 1826 |

## Hudson's Bay Company

The HBC purchased William and Ann, and her stores, on 19 May 1824 for £1,500. Henry Hanwell Jr. was her master from 1824 to 1828. She sailed from Gravesend on 27 July and on 12 April 1825 anchored at Fort George. She carried as a passenger the noted botanist Davi Douglas, who was on a plant-gathering expedition for the Royal Horticultural Society.
On 25 June William and Ann crossed the bar on her way north to Portland Canal. The aims of the voyage were to trade with the natives and to get information on American trade in the region. The HBC expected that the region would become British territory after negotiations being undertaken with the Russians. On 30 July at Nootka Sound. She then visited the Strait of Georgia and spent about a month trading there. On 3 September she crossed the bar at the Columbia River, and arrived at Fort George on 5 September. On her cruise William and Ann had gathered 400 skins.
On 25 October William and Ann crossed the bar on the way back to London. She arrived back at London on 5 April 1826.
On 25 September 1826 William and Ann sailed for the Columbia River in company with another HBC vessel, the schooner Cadboro. William and Ann sailed via the Sandwich Islands and anchored off Fort Vancouver on 10 May 1827.
William and Ann left on 6 July but did not clear the Columbia River until 23 August. She arrived in the Channel on 6 February 1828.
On 16 September 1828 William and Ann, John Swan, master, sailed from Plymouth, bound for Fort Vancouver. She sailed in company with Ganymede, which was under charter to the HBC. The two vessels parted in the Bay of Biscay on 24 September.

## Fate

On 10 March 1829 William and Ann was wrecked on the bar of the Columbia River. All 26 people on board died. Initially the death of most of them was attributed to an attack by the local Clatsop people.
The Clatsop were later exonerated, but only after a punitive expedition from Fort Vancouver had burnt one of their villages and killed a number of its inhabitants. The expedition aimed not only to impress the power of the HBC upon the local inhabitants, but also to recover what could be recovered of William and Ann's cargo.
The loss of William and Mary was a blow to the HBC's operations. In 1829–1830, American ships, including Owhyhee and Convoy, out of Boston, entered the Columbia and traded for fur.