OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George W. G. Allen

Major George W. G. Allen, MC, FSA (12 January 1891 – November 1940) was a British engineer who pioneered aerial photography for the purpose of archaeological research.

## Early life and war service

Born in Oxford on 12 January 1891, the eldest son of John Allen (1857–1934), George Allen was educated at Boxgrove School, Guildford, and Clifton College. He attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, but as he was not able to get into the Royal Engineers he left to become an engineer as a civilian, and worked for Humphreys and Sons, consulting engineers as a waterworks engineer on the East Coast of Africa, before becoming a manager of his father's company.
During the First World War, Allen served in the Royal Tank Corps and was awarded the Military Cross. On 1 August 1918, he was made a temporary major while working as a General Staff Officer, 2nd Grade. He rejoined his father's company after the war.

## Aerial photography of archaeological sites

In 1929 Allen learned to fly and purchased a red De Havilland Puss Moth, which he named Maid of the Mist, the first privately owned aeroplane in Oxford, which he kept at his own airfield at Clifton Hampden. Piloting his aircraft and using a hand‐made camera, he made aerial pictures mostly taken between 1933 and 1938 of known, and previously unknown, unrecorded archaeological sites.
He took about 2000 photographs, mostly oblique, taken from an altitude of only 300–450 metres, a contribution that enabled interpretation by O. G. S. Crawford of archaeological sites in Wiltshire, Hampshire, Kent, Somerset, Hertfordshire, Dorset, Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire, but most especially in Oxfordshire. His success in detecting such sites as the Icknield Way was due to his observation and recording of what was revealed by relief in raking light and as the change in seasons and rainfall patterns altered vegetation cover, which was often densest where covered-over excavations had held moisture.
In 1936 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

## Veteran vehicles hobby

G W G Allen made a hobby of finding, restoring and running veteran vehicles. Notable among these was the Grenville steam carriage.
He was killed in a motor‐cycle accident in November 1940.
After his death, his camera and photographs were given to the Ashmolean Museum.

## Publications

* Allen, G.W.G., 'Discovery from the Air', posthumously published in J.S.P Bradford and O.S.G. Crawford, ed., Aerial Archaeology Vol 10 (1984)
# Hans Freiherr von Geyer zu Lauf

Hans Freiherr von Geyer zu Lauf (14 January 1895 – 10 August 1959) was a German painter who was born in Freiburg and grew up in the suburb Günterstal. In 1917 he moved to Dießen am Ammersee and in 1919 to Schönberg on the Hessische Bergstraße. From 1940 he lived again in Freiburg, this time in a studio apartment which was destroyed during the air raid on Freiburg in 1944 whereupon he returned to the Bergstraße. In 1945, after the end of the war, he moved to Emmendingen and finally in 1954 back to Freiburg where lived until his death in a car accident in 1959.
The panel painting "A Cosmic Song" is the main work of the painter.

## Collection Geyer zu Lauf

In 1997 the Circle of Friends Geyer zu Lauf installed a permanent exhibition of paintings, drawings and graphics of all the creative phases of the artist in the former Hodel brewery in Emmendingen. His major work, the Panel Painting, which was only loan in the exhibition, was sold by the owner in 2008. However, the second wife and widow of the painter, Isolde von Geyer zu Lauf who was born on 27 February 1911 and died on 28 May 2011 appointed the Circle of Friends sole heir and thus the collection increased enormously, and it became necessary to store it away. While it is archived it is not possible to visit it.
# 1st Goodsal

1st Goodsal is the first, and to date only, studio album by Japanese idol group Ongaku Gatas. It was released by Zetima Records on February 6, 2008. The album peaked at #24 on the Oricon weekly charts, charting for two weeks.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Tsunku except track 7, written by Makoto of Sharam Q, and track 8, written by Yoshiko Miura
# Mostafa Mussad

Mostafa El Said Mussad is the former minister of higher education of Egypt. He was part of the Qandil Cabinet and is a member of the Freedom and Justice Party. He is described as Islamist engineering professor by Ashraf Khaled.

## Education

Mussad graduated from Cairo University in 1973.

## Career

Mussad is an engineering professor. He worked at Cairo University's faculty of engineering and was the head of the education committee for the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party. He was a member of the team in charge of Morsi's presidential campaign. And he developed the educational policy for his campaign.
He was appointed minister of higher education as part of the Qandil cabinet on 2 August 2013, and was one of the Freedom and Justice Party members serving in the cabinet. It was his first cabinet post. Mussad's term ended on 16 July 2013. Hossam Eisa replaced him in the post.
# National Cemetery of the Alleghenies

The National Cemetery of the Alleghenies covers 292 acres (118 ha) in Cecil Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania approximately 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Pittsburgh.
The cemetery was dedicated on October 9, 2005 by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs' National Cemetery Administration and is one of the newest cemeteries in the National Cemetery system. The first burials took place on August 15, 2005. It was constructed on farmland and contains a small farm cemetery with graves dating to the late 18th Century. When fully completed, it will provide over 100,000 burial spaces. The cemetery spans 292 acres (1.18 km$^2$) of land and is open to visitors daily from sunrise to sunset.
# Oak Creek Township, Nebraska

Oak Creek Township, Nebraska may refer to the following places:
* Oak Creek Township, Butler County, Nebraska
* Oak Creek Township, Saunders County, Nebraska
# Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's floor

The men's floor event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 27 July and 3 August 2024 at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules).

## Competition Format

The top 8 qualifiers (limit two per NOC) for floor exercise advanced to the apparatus finals.

## Schedule

The competition was held over two days, 27 July and 3 August. The qualifying round (for all men's gymnastics events) was on the first day with the apparatus final on the second day.
| Date | Time | Round | Subdivision |
| 27 July | 11:00 | Qualification | Subdivision 1 |
| 27 July | 15:30 | Qualification | Subdivision 2 |
| 27 July | 20:00 | Qualification | Subdivision 3 |
| 3 August | 15:30 | Final | – |
| All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) ||||

## Qualification

| Rank | Gymnast | D Score | E Score | Total | Qual. |
| 1 | Jake Jarman (GBR) | 6.6 | 8.366 | 14.966 | Q |
| 2 | Carlos Yulo (PHI) | 6.3 | 8.466 | 14.766 | Q |
| 3 | Rayderley Zapata (ESP) | 6.3 | 8.300 | 14.600 | Q |
| 4 | Illia Kovtun (UKR) | 6.2 | 8.333 | 14.533 | Q |
| 5 | Luke Whitehouse (GBR) | 6.5 | 8.033 | 14.533 | Q |
| 6 | Zhang Boheng (CHN) | 6.1 | 8.366 | 14.466 | Q |
| 7 | Artem Dolgopyat (ISR) | 6.4 | 8.066 | 14.466 | Q |
| 8 | Milad Karimi (KAZ) | 6.3 | 8.133 | 14.433 | Q |
| 9 | Shinnosuke Oka (JPN) | 5.8 | 8.533 | 14.333 | R1 |
| 10 | Ryu Sung-hyun (KOR) | 6.6 | 7.666 | 14.266 | R2 |
| 11 | Joel Plata (ESP) | 5.7 | 8.466 | 14.166 | R3 |

### Reserves

The reserves for the men's floor final were:
* Shinnosuke Oka (JPN)
* Ryu Sung-hyun (KOR)
* Joel Plata (ESP)

## Final

| Rank | Gymnast | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| | Carlos Yulo (PHI) | 6.600 | 8.400 | | 15.000 |
| | Artem Dolgopyat (ISR) | 6.400 | 8.566 | | 14.966 |
| | Jake Jarman (GBR) | 6.600 | 8.333 | | 14.933 |
| 4 | Illia Kovtun (UKR) | 6.200 | 8.333 | | 14.533 |
| 5 | Milad Karimi (KAZ) | 6.300 | 8.200 | | 14.500 |
| 6 | Luke Whitehouse (GBR) | 6.300 | 8.166 | | 14.466 |
| 7 | Rayderley Zapata (ESP) | 6.200 | 8.233 | -0.1 | 14.333 |
| 8 | Zhang Boheng (CHN) | 6.100 | 8.133 | -0.3 | 13.933 |
# O'Neil De Noux

O’Neil De Noux is an American novelist and short story writer.
De Noux is the 2020 and 2007 Shamus Award Winner for Best Private Eye Short Story for his short stories "Sac-a-lait Man" and "The Heart Has Reasons" and a 2008 Derringer Winner for Best Novelette for Too Wise. His novel, John Raven Beau, was named Best Police Book of 2011 by police-writers.com.
De Noux was named the 2015 Literary Artist of the Year by the St. Tammany Parish Commission on Cultural Affairs, in Covington, Louisiana.
Two of de Noux's stories appeared in the Best American Mystery Stories Anthologies (2003 and 2013).
# Gâlcești (river)

The Gâlcești is a right tributary of the river Amaradia in Romania. It flows into the Amaradia near the village Gâlcești. Its length is 19 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 54 km$^2$ (21 sq mi).
# HMAV

HMAV can refer to:

## Nautical

HMAV is a ship prefix used for certain British military ships. It can stand for:
* His (or Her) Majesty's Army Vessel, the current meaning
* His (or Her) Majesty's Armed Vessel, prior to the 20th Century
# HMB

HMB may refer to:

## Compounds

* β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid, (CH $_3$) $_2$C(OH)CH $_2$COOH, a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine, synthesized in the human body
* Human Melanoma Black, a monoclonal antibody

## Languages

* Humburi Senni language, spoken in Burkina Faso and Mali

## Places

* Half Moon Bay, California, city in the United States

## Sports

* Historical medieval battles, a modern sport

## Other

* Hawkeye Marching Band, the marching band for the University of Iowa
* HabibMetro, a Swiss multinational bank in Pakistan
* Heavy menstrual bleeding, a menstrual condition
* Host Memory Buffer, an optional feature in version 1.2 of the NVMe specification, which allows SSDs to utilize the DRAM of the host machine
* His/Her Magesty's Barque
# HMBOX1

Homeobox containing 1, also known as homeobox telomere-binding protein 1 (HOT1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMBOX1 gene. HMBOX1 directly binds to the double-stranded repeat sequence of telomeres.
HMBOX1 has originally been identified to associate with telomeric chromatin in telomerase-positive cancer cells and cancer cells that maintain their telomeres based on the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) mechanism by the 'reverse ChIP' technique PICh (Proteomics of Isolated Chromatin segments). Subsequently, direct binding to telomeric DNA was demonstrated through a co-crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of HMBOX1 with telomeric DNA. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments classify HMBOX1 as a positive regulator of telomere length. HMBOX1 had originally been described as a transcriptional repressor based on reporter gene assays, but genome-wide approaches using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq see little to no such effect at least in several cancer cell lines.
# Oaks, Tasmania

Oaks is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Meander Valley in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania, Australia. The locality is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of the town of Westbury. The 2016 census recorded a population of 36 for the state suburb of Oaks.

## History

Oaks was gazetted as a locality in 1968.

## Geography

The Liffey River forms the eastern boundary. The Western Railway Line passes through from east to west.

## Road infrastructure

Route C511 (Oaks Road) passes through from north to south.
# Oaks, North Carolina

Oaks is an unincorporated community in southwestern Orange County, North Carolina, United States. It is located southwest of Teer.
The Bingham School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Yakovlev EG

The Yakovlev EG (Eksperimentalnyi Gelikopter), also commonly known as the Yak-M11FR-1 and Sh (Shootka), was an experimental aircraft with coaxial rotors. The prototype was first flown by V.V. Tezavrovsky in December 1947.

## Design and development

The fuselage of the EG was a welded steel tube truss with duralumin skinning on the fwd fuselage back to the rear of the engine compartment. The rear fuselage was fabric covered and supported a tailplane-style unit with twin endplate fins, as well as a tailskid. The Pilot and Passenger sat side by side under a glazed canopy with a car-style door on each side.
The M-11FR engine was mounted behind the gearbox which it drove via a short shaft. The gearbox supported the Rotor pylon which had two, contra-rotating, co-axial, two-bladed rotors. A fixed tricycle undercarriage mounted on steel tube trusses supported the helicopter on the ground.
Flight testing revealed vibration at forward speeds above 20–30 km/h (12–19 mph; 11–16 kn) In an effort to reduce vibration the tailplane and fins were removed.
In early 1948 the M-11FR engine was replaced by a 190 hp (140 kW) M-12, which proved troublesome so an M-11FR was refitted to complete the flight trials by 8 July 1948.

## Specifications

Data from OKB Yakovlev, Yakovlev aircraft since 1924
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Capacity: 142 kg (313 lb) payload
* Length: 6.53 m (21 ft 5 in) fuselage
* Empty weight: 878 kg (1,936 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,020 kg (2,249 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 50 kg (110 lb) fuel
* Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-11FR-1 5-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 100 kW (140 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 2 × 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Main rotor area: 157.1 m$^2$ (1,691 sq ft) co-axial rotors
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn) at sea level (design)
* Range: 235 km (146 mi, 127 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 2,700 m (8,900 ft) (design)
* Hover ceiling: 250 m (820 ft)
* Rate of climb: 3.1 m/s (610 ft/min)
# Göran Liljestrand

Göran Liljestrand (16 April 1886 – 16 January 1968), Swedish pharmacologist, known for the discovery of the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism.
Liljestrand was born in Gothenburg but finished school at the Norra Real school in Stockholm, before matriculating at the University College of Stockholm in 1904. He continued his studies at the Karolinska Institute, completed his medicine kandidat degree in 1909, the Licentiate of Medical Science (Medicine licentiatexamen) degree in 1915, and his doctorate in 1917, becoming docent of physiology at the Institute the same year. He held the professorship in pharmacology and physiology at the Karolinska Institute from 1927 to 1951.
Liljestrand was trained as a physiologist under Professor Jöns Johansson but became known mainly as a pharmacologist and for his cooperation with Ulf von Euler (later Nobel laureate of Medicine and Physiology) and Yngve Zotterman. He was secretary of the Nobel Committee of the Karolinska Institute for 40 years. In 1938, he was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
# Yanbaru whiskered bat

The Yanbaru whiskered bat (Myotis yanbarensis) is a species of vesper bat in the genus Myotis.
It is known only from three islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, south of Japan, Okinawa (where the Yanbaru forest is situated), Amami Ōshima, and Tokunoshima. The species has been classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.

## Etymology and taxonomy

When described, it was placed into the subgenus Selysius, although some have argued that it is not a valid subgenus. It is closely related to the frosted myotis, which is found on mainland Japan. Its species name, yanbarensis, is a reference to Yanbaru, the forested part of northern Okinawa Island where this species is found.

## Description

Its dorsal hair, ears, and flight membranes are black. Its guard hairs are metallic silver at the tips. Its fur is overall soft and silky. Its snouts are long and horizontal. The uropatagium attaches to the first toe. The forearm is 36.5–37.5 mm (1.44–1.48 in) long. Its ears are 14 mm (0.55 in). Its tragi are 7 mm (0.28 in), and tapers gradually at the tip. The braincase is small relative to its skull.

## Range and habitat

It is only found in the fragments of mature forest remaining on Okinawa Island, Tokunoshima, and Amami Ōshima. On Okinawa Island, it is found on United States military property. On Amami Ōshima, its habitat occurs within Amami Guntō Quasi-National Park. During the day, it roosts in hollow trees.

## Conservation

This species was evaluated for the first time by the IUCN in 2000, when it was described as data deficient. It was listed as critically endangered in 2008, which was maintained in the 2019 evaluation. It is listed as critically endangered because it only occurs on three islands, its extent of occurrence is less than 100 km$^2$ (39 sq mi), and its habitat size and quality is being lost. Deforestation is a major threat to its continued existence.
# National Spatial Strategy

The National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020 is a twenty-year planning framework, with an aim of balancing social, economic and physical development in the Republic of Ireland.

## Gateways and hubs

The strategy seeks both to prevent the Greater Dublin Area becoming an area of problematic urban sprawl, and also to prevent rural areas becoming fragmented with scattered one-off housing. It seeks to do this by identifying various urban centres outside Dublin as focus points for concentrated development, drawing this away from both Dublin and the rural areas. The report describes two tiers of regional centres: a few larger "Gateways" with smaller "Hubs" as more local foci. When the NSS was being developed, William Thomas proposed a brand new city in the west of the country, gaining some news coverage.
There was controversy over the selection of the gateways and hubs, with towns not selected feeling aggrieved. A notable concept was the "Midland Gateway" comprising three of the larger towns in the midlands. The intention was a polycentric model with some inspiration from the Triangle Region Denmark. The inclusion in the plan of Derry, which is across the border in Northern Ireland, was a reflection of improved cross-border co-operation in the wake of the Northern Ireland peace process.
Gateways
* Cork
* Limerick—Shannon
* Galway
* Sligo
* Letterkenny—Derry
* Dundalk
* Dublin
* Tullamore—Athlone—Mullingar
* Waterford
Hubs
* Tralee and Killarney
* Mallow
* Ennis
* Tuam
* Castlebar and Ballina
* Monaghan
* Cavan
* Kilkenny
* Wexford
# HDMS Peter Tordenskjold

A number of vessels of the Royal Danish Navy have borne the name Peter Tordenskjold, after Peter Tordenskjold.
* HDMS Tordenskjold (1852) , a frigate, in service 1854-1872.
* HDMS Tordenskjold (1880), a torpedo ram, in service 1882-1908.
* HDMS Peter Tordenskiold (F356), a Niels Juel-class corvette , in service since 1982-2009.
# HDMS Peter Willemoes

A number of vessels of the Royal Danish Navy have borne the name Peter Willemoes, after Peter Willemoes.
* HDMS Willemoes (1861), a screw gun boat, in service 1861–1933.
* HDMS Willemoes (1943) , a Najaden-class torpedo boat, in service 1947–1966.
* HDMS Willemoes (P549) , a Willemoes-class missile boat, in service 1977–2000.
* HDMS Peter Willemoes (F362) , a Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate , in service since 2011.
# YL v Birmingham CC

YL v Birmingham CC (UKHL 27) is a UK constitutional law case, concerning judicial review.

## Facts

YL claimed that Southern Cross Ltd, a large private company running nursing homes in Birmingham, violated EHCR Article 8 and the human rights of an elderly resident by giving her only 28 days' notice to leave after a family disagreement. Southern Cross had been paid to care for residents in Birmingham City, with families contributing to the cost.

## Judgment

Even though most residents were placed in the nursing homes by local authorities under a contract with the company, this did not make the company a public authority under HRA 1998 s 6.
Lord Scott said the following:
   26. My Lords, on both the issues to which I have referred I have reached the same conclusion for much the same reasons as my noble and learned friends Lord Mance and Lord Neuberger. To express in summary terms my reason for so concluding, Southern Cross is a company carrying on a socially useful business for profit. It is neither a charity nor a philanthropist. It enters into private law contracts with the residents in its care homes and with the local authorities with whom it does business. It receives no public funding, enjoys no special statutory powers, and is at liberty to accept or reject residents as it chooses (subject, of course, to anti-discrimination legislation which affects everyone who offers a service to the public) and to charge whatever fees in its commercial judgment it thinks suitable. It is operating in a commercial market with commercial competitors. 27. A number of the features which have been relied on by YL and the intervenors seems to me to carry little weight. It is said, correctly, that most of the residents in the Southern Cross care homes, including YL, are placed there by local authorities pursuant to their statutory duty under section 21 of the 1948 Act and that their fees are, either wholly or partly, paid by the local authorities or, where special nursing is required, by health authorities. But the fees charged by Southern Cross and paid by local or health authorities are charged and paid for a service. There is no element whatever of subsidy from public funds. It is a misuse of language and misleading to describe Southern Cross as publicly funded. If an outside private contractor is engaged on ordinary commercial terms to provide the cleaning services, or the catering and cooking services, or any other essential services at a local authority owned care home, it seems to me absurd to suggest that the private contractor, in earning its commercial fee for its business services, is publicly funded or is carrying on a function of a public nature. It is simply carrying on its private business with a customer who happens to be a public authority. The owner of a private care home taking local authority funded residents is in no different position. It is simply providing a service or services for which it charges a commercial fee.
# Gülyatan

Qaladəhnə (also, Qaladəhnə and Kaladəhnə) is a village in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan.