OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicogel

Nicogel was a "tobacco gel", applied to skin as a substitute for cigarette use. Nicogel was a smokeless tobacco product, and not a smoking cessation tool.
The product was shelled out in the early 2000s, set to make “millions of dollars” in the US due to its success in other countries, but the product has seemed to cease to exist.

## Usage

Nicogel claims to be a cigarette alternative and designed so tobacco users can continue using "tobacco" in a discreet form. Nicogel is sold as 50ml dispensers (containing "50 cigarette-equivalents") and as boxes of individually wrapped, single-use packets (containing either 10 or 120 cigarette-equivalents). Nicogel is "a water soluble gel containing liquefied tobacco."
Because many public places have placed bans on smoking, Nicogel touts itself as a more convenient tobacco product.

## Health effects

Nicogel claims that the product has 1/10 the nicotine of a cigarette. However, independent testing shows much less than 100 mcg per 1 ml. With so little nicotine, whether the product actually works is unclear. American Cancer Society's director, Thomas J. Glynn, Ph.D., warns that "no independent research has been conducted to validate whether it's effective and safe," and that there is "no indication of [the] toxicity or level of nicotine it delivers."
Nicogel has not been proven to be dermatologically tested, so there is no public data on whether the product is safe for use on normal skin. Nicogel may irritate sensitive skin and cause rashes, allergies, or red and swollen skin. The makers advise pregnant or breast-feeding women to avoid Nicogel, and assert that drinking alcohol in moderation is safe while using Nicogel.
Nicogel contains on average only .015 mg to max. 0.03 mg of nicotine per serving of approx. 1ml. According to the manufacturer, Nicogel does not contain (N)-Nitrosamines.. However, that has not been substantiated and no documents are available.
# Will June

Wilbert June is a United States Air Force veteran who has become notable for bowling consecutive perfect games in sanctioned league play at the age of 75. He is the grandfather of Cato June.

## Bowling career

June established the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) record as the oldest player to bowl consecutive 300-games on August 31, 2010, at the age of 75. He bowled a total of 32 consecutive strikes including the second and third of his Tuesday Young At Heart Senior bowling League games at the Brunswick Moreno Valley Bowl in Moreno Valley, California. These were the first two perfect games of his 35-year bowling career. The final eight strikes of his streak came on September 1, 2010, during the following day when he made strikes in his first eight frames in his Wednesday West Coast Funtime League game. The 16-pound (7.3 kg) bowling ball that he uses was not custom drilled. June received a 300 ring and certificate on November 16, 2010. At the time of his feat he had a 210 league average in his Monday night league. Will is regarded as the first to achieve back-to-back perfect games at the Brunswick Moreno Valley Bowl. As late as December 2010 the accomplishment was described as one accomplished by one of the oldest athletes to have achieved it. However, a national Bowling magazine noted it was a USBC record in May 2011.

## Personal life

His wife is Sayan and they raised four children. One of his grandsons is National Football League Pro Bowler and Super Bowl XLI champion linebacker Cato June.
June is a 20-year United States Air Force veteran, who served in North Africa and California. After retiring at age 40, he began bowling regularly, although he had once played at age 30 and had a 200 in his first game.
# Will B. Johnstone

William Breuninger Johnstone (13 March 1881 – 4 February 1944) was an American writer, cartoonist, and lyricist.
His writing credits include the Marx Brothers's Broadway revue I'll Say She Is and, with S.J. Perelman, their first two Hollywood films, Monkey Business and Horse Feathers. He also wrote several popular songs, including a version of "How Dry I Am", a part of which plagiarizes Rudyard Kipling's "Mandalay."
He created the cartoon character of 'The Tax Payer' wearing only a barrel held up by suspenders. It was a regular feature in the New York World-Telegram. Johnstone also created the comic strip You Know Me Al (distributed by the Bell Syndicate).
# Wilhelm Lauche

Wilhelm Lauche (21 May 1827, Gartow – 12 September 1883) was a German gardener, dendrologist and pomologist.

## Horticultural career

Lauche was the son of a palace gardener for the Count of Bernstorff in Gartow, and so early was familiar with the nursery. He received his horticultural training at the Schloss Ludwigslust park and deepened it in various places such as Erfurt, Hannover, and Potsdam. Lauche spent five years planting nurseries near Potsdam, until he founded his own market garden.
Because of his reputation, in 1869 he was transferred as a royal garden supervisor to the technical management of the Royal Gardening and Nursery School (Königlichen Landesbaumschule und Gärtner-Lehranstalt) in Potsdam, which is closely linked with his name. From 1877 to 1879 he was board chairman of the German Pomological Society (Deutscher Pomologenverein).
Models of fruit that he made for a "pomological cabinet" are still visible today in the collection of the German Horticultural Museum, Erfurt.

## Works

* Deutsche Pomologie, Berlin 1879 – 1884, 6 sections, 300 colour illustrations
* Deutsche Dendrologie, Berlin 1880
* Handbuch des Obstbaues, Berlin 1881
* Supplement to Eduard Lucas & Johann Georg Conrad Oberdieck, Illustriertes Handbuch der Obstkunde, Parey, Berlin 1883
* Rudolf Goethe & Wilhelm Lauche: Handbuch der Tafeltraubenkultur. Berlin, Paul Parey, 1895. Produced after Lauche's death, this book uses his illustrations of grapes, one of which is shown to the right.
# Wilhelm Langenbruch

Wilhelm Langenbruch (December 23, 1860 - January 8, 1932) was a German graphologist born in Aplerbeck.
After finishing his grammar school studies, he moved to Bonn, where he worked at several trades that included locksmith, plumber, carpenter, watchmaker and bookkeeper. In Bonn he made the acquaintanceship of a publisher named Schorer, through whom he became an editor of Schorer's Familienblatt. During his time in Bonn, he developed an interest in handwriting analysis, being influenced by the work of pioneer graphologist Jean-Hippolyte Michon (1806-1881).
At the insistence of Schorer, he relocated to Berlin in 1891, where he opened a photographic art institute, and with Schorer founded the Graphologisches Bureau. In Berlin he developed a reputation as a handwriting expert, eventually performing important graphological work for the municipal judicial system.
In 1895 he published Graphologischen Studien, followed by Praktische Menschenkenntnis auf Grund der Handschrift (Practical knowledge of human nature learned from handwriting) in 1911, and Autographen-Album bedeutender und interessanter Persönlichkeiten (Autograph album of important and interesting personalities). In April 1895, with physiologist William Thierry Preyer (1841-1897) and psychiatrist Friedrich Albrecht Erlenmeyer (1849–1926), he founded a journal of palaeography and graphology titled Die Handschrift, Blatter fur wissenschaftliche Schriftkunde und Graphologie.
# Wilhelm Langschmidt

Wilhelm Heinrich Franz Ludwig Langschmidt, or Willem Langschmidt, (10 January 1805 Grabow, Gustrow - 5 October 1866 Caledon) was a German-born Cape Colony painter and drawing master of 59 Long Street, Cape Town.
He was the seventh child in a family of 4 sons and 3 daughters raised by August Wilhelm Langschmidt (*8 June 1754), a wealthy merchant of Grabow, and his wife Dorothea Elisabeth Höpcker (*6 September 1774). Wilhelm was expected to take up the profession of merchant, but showed little interest in such a career, and instead had a great passion for painting. In 1826 he turned to the Mecklenburg Grand Duke Friedrich Franz for support, but was rejected. For a while he studied in Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, under Prof. Kretsch, and decided to emigrate to Cape Colony, but not before marrying Dorothea Ahrens from Ludwigslust, 18 years his junior.
The couple landed in Cape Town on 2 March 1840, where Langschmidt lived and worked until 1851. He was active as a miniaturist, and portrait and landscape painter, working mainly in oils, pastels and chalks. He also ran drawing classes and was a competent lithographer. A supporter of the Anti-Convict movement, he destroyed a portrait he had painted of the Governor, Sir Harry Smith, at an anti-convict meeting.
Returning to his merchant roots in 1856, Langschmidt bought the farm "Grietjiesgat" and started a trading store, around which in due course the town of Grabouw grew, named for his German hometown. Langschmidt is assumed to have eventually retired to his farm "Gustrow", also near Elgin in the Cape Colony. He had at least 18 children, some sources citing 23, including 3 sets of twins. Langschmidt's great, great grandson is the Cape Town artist and whale conservationist, Noel Ashton.
# Wilbur Jamerson

Wilbur R. "Shorty" Jamerson (May 27, 1929 – December 9, 1994) was an American football player and coach.

## Playing career

Jamerson was a running back for legendary coach Paul "Bear" Bryant at the University of Kentucky, lettering four times between 1947 and 1950. He scored two touchdown in the 1951 Sugar Bowl to beat the Oklahoma Sooners, 13–7, and end their 31-game winning streak.

## Coaching career

He served as the head football coach at Morehead State University from 1953 to 1955.

## Later life and death

After retiring from collegiate coaching, he served a school administrator, most notably at Wheelwright High School. His former coach, Bear Bryant, said of him, "Jamerson is the best ball carrier I've had in the past five years. Had he not been injured in the early part of the season, he would have been All-American. Although he is a good football player, I'm prouder of him for his other activities. He is one of the finest leaders any team could have."
Shorty and his wife, Virginia (Buddy), spent their lives in education, improving the lives of kids who came through the school system in Wheelwright, Kentucky. Buddy was the principal of the elementary school and Shorty was principal of the high school. But in addition to being the principal, he was the bus driver, football coach, and most importantly, a mentor to all he knew. He was kind and loving to everyone.
He died in 1994 at the age of 65.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Morehead State Eagles (Ohio Valley Conference) (1953–1955) ||||||
| 1953 | Morehead State | 0–8 | 0–5 | 6th |
| 1954 | Morehead State | 0–9 | 0–5 | 6th |
| 1955 | Morehead State | 0–9 | 0–5 | 6th |
| Morehead State: | Morehead State: | 0–26 | 0–15 | |
| Total: | Total: | 0–26 | | |
# Google Founders' Award

The Google Founders' Award was a special award for entrepreneurial achievement awarded to groups at Google Inc.
The awards are given in the form of stock grants, and the program was initiated in 2004 by Google founders Sergey Brin and Lawrence E. Page to reward groups.
# Gornje Babine

Gornje Babine is a village in the municipality of Prijepolje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 262 people.
# Museum of Diving, Warsaw

The Museum of Diving (Muzeum Nurkowania), located at 88 Grzybowska Street in Warsaw, was established in 2006 by the Warsaw Diving Club (Warszawski Klub Płetwonurków).
The museum was opened on 27 February 2006 marking the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Warsaw Diving Club. It is the only such institution in Poland and one of the few in Europe.
It has a collection of around 800 objects associated with underwater diving and underwater archaeology. Its oldest exhibit is a diving helmet made in 1895.
The museum holds monthly ‘Wednesday Movies’ nights, during which films about diving are shown.
# Golden Era (Rita Redshoes album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| DiscoDigital.com | link |
Golden Era is the debut album by Portuguese pop singer Rita Redshoes, released in 2008.

## Track listing

* To Start...
* The Beginning Song
* Hey Tom
* Choose Love
* Oh My Mr. Blue
* Golden Era I
* Once I Found You
* Dream On Girl
* Blue Bird On A Sunny Day
* Minimal Sounds
* Your Waltz
* Love, What Is It?
* Love Is, Love You
# Municipality of the County of Victoria

The Municipality of the County of Victoria is a county municipality on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. It provides local government to about 7,000 residents of the eponymous historical county except for the Wagmatcook 1 reserve. The municipal offices are in the village of Baddeck.

## History

Prior to European settlement, the area was sparsely inhabited by the Miꞌkmaq, who hunted in the area.
French Jesuits settled at St. Anns in 1629. British settlement began in the 1700s after the territory was had been by France.
In 1839, a property containing an inn, a tavern, and a post office was built in Baddeck. In 1841, Charles James Campbell opened a store, began shipbuilding, and developed coal mining.
In 1851, Victoria County was split from Cape Breton County, and Baddeck became the site for the new county's jail and court house, and later the site of Alexander Graham Bell's Beinn Bhreagh, a summer residence and research centre, and the Bell Boatyard. Bell is commemorated at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.
The county is named for Queen Victoria.

## Demographics

As a Census divisions of Canada in 2016, Victoria County had a population of 7,089 in 4,437 dwellings, a change of -0.4% from its 2011 population of 7,115.

## Economy

Fishing and tourism are the main industries.
# William Beauchamp-Proctor

William Beauchamp-Proctor may refer to:
* Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, 1st Baronet (1722–1773)
* Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, 3rd Baronet (1781–1861)
# Murdõmäe

Murdõmäe is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Nicolò Degiorgis

Nicolò Degiorgis (born 1985) is an Italian visual artist, publisher, photographer, and curator. He runs Rorhof, an independent publishing house in Bolzano, Italy. He has self-published a number of books, including Hidden Islam (2014). Hidden Islam won the First PhotoBook award at the Paris Photo–Aperture Foundation PhotoBook Awards, the Author Book Award at Rencontres d'Arles, and was a gold winner of the Deutscher Fotobuchpreis.

## Early life and education

Degiorgis was born in Bolzano, South Tyrol, northern Italy.
He earned a BA in sinology from the Ca' Foscari University of Venice (2006–2008). He studied political science at the University of Trieste (2009–2010) and at Leiden University (2019).

## Life and work

Hidden Islam (2014) documents the struggles of Muslims living in an Islamophobic environment in Italy between 2009 and 2013, where 1.35 million of them had only eight official mosques. Degiorgis photographed the makeshift buildings where Muslims practiced their religion and prayed. The photographs are categorised into two groups: black and white exteriors of these locations (sorted into eight types, such as warehouses, shops and supermarkets) unfold using gatefolds to present color photographs of the Muslims typically praying within half of them.
Degiorgis runs the publishing house Rorhof with his brother Michele. He was guest curator of Museion [it] in Bolzano, Italy for 2017.

## Publications

* Oasis Hotel. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2014. ISBN 9788890981715.
* Hidden Islam. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2014. With an introduction by Martin Parr. ISBN 978-88-909817-0-8. Total of 5000 copies of all editions.
** Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2014.
** Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2015.
* Hidden Islam – 479 comments. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2014. ISBN 9788890981739. Edition of 300 copies.
* Peak. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2017. ISBN 978-88-909817-6-0.
* Blue As Gold. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2017. ISBN 978-88-94881-09-7. Edition of 350 copies.
* Heimatkunde. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2017. ISBN 9788894881004. Edition of 750 copies.
* Prison Photography. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2017. ISBN 978-88-94881-01-1. Edition of 400 copies.
* Prison Museum. Bolzano, Italy: self-published / Rorhof, 2021. ISBN 978-88-909817-0-8. With essays by Letizia Ragaglia and Anna Rita Nuzzaci. Edition of 1000 copies.

## Awards

* 2014: Winner, First PhotoBook award, Paris Photo–Aperture Foundation PhotoBook Awards for Hidden Islam
* 2014: 1 of 5 gold winners, Deutscher Fotobuchpreis 2015, for Hidden Islam
* 2014: Author Book Award, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France for Hidden Islam

## Exhibitions

* Hämatli & Patriæ, Museion [it], Bolzano, Italy, 2017
# NAD+ diphosphatase

In enzymology, a NAD$^+$ diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ AMP + NMN
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD$^+$ and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are AMP and NMN.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is NAD$^+$ phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase, NADP+ pyrophosphatase, and NADH pyrophosphatase. This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 2GB5.
# WPS

WPS may refer to:

## Computing and telecommunications

* Wi-Fi Protected Setup, a standard that attempts to automate secure wireless network set up and connection
* .wps, a file extension (including a list of programs using the extension)
* WPS Office, an office suite software developed by Kingsoft
* Nationwide Wireless Priority Service, a system in the United States for prioritizing emergency calls from mobile phones
* Web Processing Service, a web service interface specification from the Open Geo spatial Consortium
* WebSphere Process Server, an IBM service-oriented architecture offering
* Wi-Fi positioning system, a system that calculates the position of a device through nearby Wi-Fi access points
* Workplace Shell, a user interface of the IBM OS/2 operating system
* World Programming System, a development environment for the SAS programming language

## Education in the United States

* Walker Public Schools, a defunct school system in Columbia County, Arkansas
* Windermere Preparatory School, a private school in Florida
* Winchester Public Schools (Connecticut)
* Winchester Public Schools (Virginia)
* Winthrop Public Schools (Maine)
* Woodbury Public Schools, New Jersey
* Woodland Public Schools, Oklahoma
* Woodland Public Schools, Washington

## Organizations
### Canada

* Windsor Police Service
* Winnipeg Police Service

### United Kingdom

* Workers Party of Scotland, an anti-revisionist political party
* Women's Police Service, a voluntary organisation

### United States

* Western Pipe and Steel Company
* Wisconsin Physicians Service Insurance Corporation, a not-for-profit health insurer
* Wisconsin Public Service, a utility company in northern Wisconsin
* Women's Professional Soccer, an association football league

## Other uses

* Welding Procedure Specification
* West Philippine Sea
# Omolje

Omolje is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 656.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 655 | 99.8% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.2% |
| Total | 656 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 532–533.
# Northern Luzon languages

The Northern Luzon languages (also known as the Cordilleran languages) are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly located in and around the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon in the Philippines. Among its major languages are Ilocano, Pangasinan and Ibanag.

## Internal classification

Lawrence Reid (2018) divides the over thirty Northern Luzon languages into five branches: the Northeastern Luzon, Cagayan Valley and Meso-Cordilleran subgroups, further Ilokano and Arta as group-level isolate branches.
* Northern Luzon
** Ilocano
** Arta
** Dicamay Agta † (unclassified)
** Cagayan Valley
*** Isnag
*** Ibanagic
**** Atta
**** Ibanag
**** Itawis
**** Yogad
*** Gaddang-Cagayan
**** Central Cagayan Agta
**** Gaddang
**** Ga'dang
** Northeastern Luzon
*** Dupaningan Agta
*** (core)
**** Dinapigue Agta
**** Casiguran Agta, Nagtipunan Agta
**** Pahanan Agta, Paranan
** Meso-Cordilleran
*** Northern Alta
*** Southern Alta
*** South-Central Cordilleran
**** Central Cordilleran
***** Isinai
***** North Central Cordilleran
****** Kalinga-Itneg
******* Itneg
******* Kalinga
****** Nuclear Cordilleran
******* Ifugao
******* Balangao
******* Bontok-Kankanaey
******** Bontok-Finallig
******** Kankanaey
**** Southern Cordilleran
***** Bugkalot
***** West Southern Cordilleran
****** Pangasinan
****** Nuclear Southern Cordilleran
******* Ibaloi
******* Iwaak
******* Kallahan
******* Karao

## Reconstruction
### Phonology

Reid (2006) has reconstructed the Proto-Northern Luzon sound system as follows, with phonemic stress:
Vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | | *a | |
Consonants :
| | | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | | *k | *ʔ |
| Stop | voiced | *b | *d | *j | *g | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | *s | | | |
| Nasal | Nasal | *m | *n | | *ŋ | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | *l | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | *w | | *y | | |
The sound inventory of Proto-Northern Luzon shows no innovations from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian that would set it apart from other Philippine languages. There are however two phonological innovations that characterize the Northern Luzon languages:
* Loss of final *ʔ (< *q)
* Metathesis of *s and *t, e.g. Proto-Northern Luzon *saŋit < Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis 'weep', *Rasut < *Ratus 'hundred'.

### Vocabulary

Lexical innovations only found in Northern Luzon languages include: *dutdut 'feather, body hair', *kəməl 'squeeze', *lətəg 'swell', *yəgyəg 'earthquake', *takdəg 'stand', *ʔubət 'buttocks'. Semantic shifts are observed e.g. in *ʔatəd 'give' (cf. Proto-Philippine *hatəd 'escort') and *laman 'wild pig' (cf. Proto-Philippine *laman 'flesh').

## Footnotes

* ↑ † indicates that the language is extinct.
# Novaki Petrovinski

Novaki Petrovinski is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway.
# Piotr Opaliński

Piotr Opaliński (1586– 17 January 1624), of Łodzia coat of arms, was a Polish–Lithuanian noble (szlachcic). Kasztelan poznański since 1620, wojewoda poznański since 1622, starosta pobiedzki i śremski (since 1611).
The son of Jan Opaliński and Barbara z Ostroroga Lwowska, he studied in a Jesuit collegium in Poznań, later in Ingolstadt and Padua (around 1604). After visiting Rome, returned to Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1605 and took part in the Sejm of 1606. In 1607 married Zofia Kostka (also known as Zofia Kostanka), daughter of Krzysztof Kostka and Anna Pilecka. In 1616 took part in the diplomatic mission to Muscovy and later in the last stage of the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618). Afterwards he took part in the battle of Chocim in 1621.
His older brother Jan Opaliński, also voivode of Poznań, who outlived him, was considered to be the head of Opaliński family after their father death.
His total wealth near the end of his life was 3 towns and 50 villages. In 1619 he sponsored the monastery and Bernardian church in Sieraków. He died on 17 January 1624 and his tomb remains in that church.
He is one of the figures on the Prussian Homage painting by Jan Matejko.
Father of:
* Krzysztof Opaliński
* Łukasz Opaliński
* Anna Opalińska
* Franciszka Opalińska
* Zofia Opalińska
* This biography of a Polish noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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