OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hausmannite

Hausmannite is a complex oxide, or a mixed oxide, of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. Its chemical formula can be represented as Mn$^{II}$Mn$^{III}$$_2$O$_4$, or more simply noted as MnO·Mn$_2$O$_3$, or Mn$_3$O$_4$, as commonly done for magnetite (Fe$_3$O$_4$), the corresponding iron oxide. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. Hausmannite is a brown to black metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.8.
The type locality is Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Ilmenau, Thuringian Forest, Thuringia, Germany, where it was first described in 1813. Locations include Batesville, Arkansas, US; Ilfeld, Germany; Langban, Sweden; and the Ural Mountains, Russia. High quality samples have been found in South Africa and Namibia where it is associated with other manganese oxides, pyrolusite and psilomelane and the iron-manganese mineral bixbyite. Wilhelm Haidinger (1827) named it in honour of Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (1782–1859), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany.

## Image gallery

* Hausmannite from Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
* Crystal structure of hausmannite
* Cluster from Wessels mine, Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
* Ettringite crystal on a matrix of hausmannite and hematite, coated by oyelite
# Philip Booth

Philip Booth may refer to:
* Philip Booth (bass) (born 1942), American opera singer
* Philip Booth (economist) (born 1964), British economist
* Philip Booth (poet) (1925–2007), American poet and educator
* Phil Booth (basketball) (born 1995), American basketball player
* Sir Philip Booth, 2nd Baronet (1907–1960), British aristocrat, and television director and producer in California
* Phil Booth, national co-ordinator of the NO2ID campaign against ID cards in the United Kingdom
# Jacob Kielland (businessman)

Jacob Kielland (14 December 1788 – 6 August 1863) was a Norwegian businessperson, consul and politician.

## Family

Jacob Kielland was a member of the prominent family of Kielland. He was born in Stavanger to Gabriel Schanche Kielland (1760–1821) and his wife Johanna Margaretha (1756–1818), née Bull. He had three older and two younger siblings, but his youngest sister Elisabeth only survived for a month, and the oldest brother Jacob died at the age of 1. His oldest living brother Jens Bull Kielland became a military officer, and his youngest brother Jonas Schanche Kielland became a politician.
Jacob Kielland married Axeliane Christine Zetlitz (1792–1855), daughter of the priest and poet Jens Zetlitz. The couple had five sons and five daughters. Of these children, four died young. Those who survived included:
* Jens Zetlitz Kielland, consul and artist, and father of several notable people, including:
** Alexander Lange Kielland, the well-known De Fire Store writer
** Kitty Lange Kielland, painter
* Jacob Kielland, naval officer and politician, and father of several notable people, including:
** Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland, diplomat
** Jonas Schanche Kielland, politician.
* Axel Christian Kielland, youngest living son, and father of:
** Valentin Axel Kielland, sculptor
* Maren Elisabeth Bull Kielland, eldest daughter, wife of military officer Ingvald Maryllus Emil Smith and mother of:
** Ingvald M. Smith-Kielland.
* Johanne (Hanna) Margrethe Bull Kielland, youngest daughter, wife of businessman and politician Jacob Jørgen Kastrup Sømme and mother of ten children, including:
** Andreas Sømme, businessman and, in turn, father of:
*** Axel Christian Zetlitz Sømme, geographer
*** Jacob Kielland Sømme, painter

## Career

Jacob Kielland took education from 1802 to 1806, and after that started working in his father's company "Jacob Kielland & Søn". As his father died in 1821, Jacob and Jonas Schanche Kielland took over the company. Jacob Kielland acquired burghership in June 1821. The trade company mainly exported timber, lobsters and atlantic herring. Like many traders they were also involved in shipbuilding, running two shipyards.
Jacob Kielland was also vice consul for the Netherlands in 1815, Hamburg and Prussia in 1821 and the United States in 1830. The latter relation was broken in 1863, shortly before his death. Kielland was also involved in local politics, as a member of Stavanger city council.
His brother and business partner Jonas Schanche Kielland died unmarried in 1852, with Jacob as his sole heir. Jacob Kielland was, upon his death in 1863, one of the richest people in Norway.
# Provincial Highway 14 (Taiwan)

Provincial Highway 14 is an east–west highway that connects Changhua City in Changhua County with Ren'ai, an aboriginal township in Nantou County. The highway is known as Zhongtan Highway (中潭公路) from Caotun to Puli, and Puwu Highway from Puli to Ren'ai. The total length is 99.0 kilometers.

## Route description

The highway begins at the intersection of Provincial Highway 1 in Changhua City. The route continues eastbound towards the rural township of Fenyuan and enters Nantou County. After passing through the junctions of Freeway 3 and Provincial Highway 63, the highway enters downtown Caotun and becomes Zhongtan Highway. The stretch of highway between Caotun and Puli runs parallel to Freeway 6. In Puli the highway has a brief concurrency with Provincial Highway 21 before the latter turns southbound. Right before leaving Puli, the highway turns from a 4-lane to a 2-lane road. The route continues towards the mountainous aboriginal township of Ren'ai. In Ren'ai the highway passes through Wushe and Lushan Hot Spring. After passing through Lushan, the highway turns into a narrow 1-lane road before ending at Tunyuan (Tnpara), the western entrance of Nenggao Cross-ridge Historic Trail (能高越嶺古道), a historic route connecting between Nantou and Hualien.
The stretch between Lushan and Tunyuan, as well as the Nenggao Cross-ridge Historic Trail, require special permits to access. A planned extension of the highway to Xiulin, Hualien was unfinished due to environmental and economic concerns. In 2009, the extension plan was formally abandoned.

## Spur routes

* Provincial Highway 14A: The highway begins at its parent route in Wushe, a village in Ren'ai, Nantou, and ends at Provincial Highway 8 in Dayuling in Xiulin, Hualien. The highway provides access to the tourist attractions of Cingjing Farm and Hehuanshan, including the highest paved road in Taiwan at Wuling. The total length is 41.533 km.
* Provincial Highway 14B: The highway begins at its parent route in Fenyuan, Changhua, and ends at Provincial Highway 3 in Nantou City. The highway connects the cities of Changhua and Nantou. The total length is 18.29 km.
* Provincial Highway 14C: The highway is an alternate route that is located entirely in Changhua City. The total length is 2.882 km.
* Provincial Highway 14D: The highway begins at its parent route in Fenyuan, Changhua, and ends at Provincial Highway 3A in Nantou City. The highway is an alternate route between the cities of Changhua and Nantou. The total length is 10.156 km.
# James Akinola

James Olaoti Akinola was an Anglican bishop in Nigeria. He was the pioneer Bishop of Igbomina-West, one of eight in the Anglican Province of Kwara, itself one of 14 within the Church of Nigeria.
He was elected as Bishop of Igbomina-West on 29 October 2009 at the Episcopal synod of the Church of Nigeria Anglican Communion held at the Basilica of Grace Apo in Gudu district of the Anglican Diocese of Abuja.
He retired in 2016.
# Pseudidothea

Pseudidothea is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Pseudidotheidae.
The species of this genus are found in southernmost South Hemisphere.
Species:
* Pseudidothea hoplites Poore & Bardsley, 2004
* Pseudidothea miersi (Studer, 1884)
* Pseudidothea richardsoni Hurley, 1957
* Pseudidothea scutata (Stephensen, 1947)
# Pterolophia fuscomaculata

Pterolophia fuscomaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Pterolophia geelwinkiana

Pterolophia geelwinkiana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Précis du siècle de Louis XV

Précis du siècle de Louis XV (Short history of the Age of Louis XV) is a historical work by the French philosopher and author Voltaire, first published in its own right 1768. Celebrating the progress of Enlightenment ideas and the retreat of prejudice, it comments on cultural, economic and technological progress made in the Kingdom of France during the reign of Louis XV of France.

## Background

The material for the Précis had previously been part of a history that Voltaire spent twenty years working on and which included Essai sur les mœurs et l'esprit des nations (Essay on the customs and spirit of the nations) and The Age of Louis XIV. The Precis was introduced in 1762 as an appendix within this larger work, but later published separately.

## Content

Voltaire comments on the trial of Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally; a case he had been following closely. Lally had been a successful military officer, and personally known to Voltaire. When Lally was involved at a military defeat, relinquishing the Indian town of Pondicherry to the English, his fellow officers blamed him. On his return to France, Lally was imprisoned without charge, put on trial in which he was denied a lawyer, and finally executed. In his account of the case, Voltaire wrote, "His character made him detested by all who had to do with him. But that is not a reason for cutting off a man's head. The briefs both for and against him, which I have read attentively, contain nothing but insults, and not the least proof."
The Precis also praises the courage of the Corsicans in defending against the French at the Battle of Ponte Novu. Voltaire writes:
   The principal weapon of the Corsicans was their courage. This courage was so great that in one of these battles, near a river named Golo, they made a rampart of their dead in order to have the time to reload behind them before making a necessary retreat […] Bravery is found everywhere, but such actions aren’t seen except among free people.
# Philadelphia Fever

Philadelphia Fever may refer to:
* Philadelphia Fever (MISL) (1978–1982), a men's indoor soccer team, predecessor of Los Angeles Lazers
* Philadelphia Fever (WPSL) (founded 2012), a women's soccer team
# Philadelphia Fever (WPSL)

Philadelphia Fever was an American women's soccer club that last played in the Women's Arena Soccer League (WASL). The club was founded in 2012 and joined the semi-professional Women's Premier Soccer League Elite (WPSL Elite) for its only season before returning to the amateur WPSL for the 2013 WPSL season.
After disbanding for 2014 and 2015, the Fever returned in the summer of 2016 as a developmental team playing exhibition matches, then joined the WASL in 2017. The Fever and WASL shared ownership with men's side Philadelphia Fury, which competed in the corresponding American Soccer League (ASL). Both leagues ceased play after the 2017 season.
The Philadelphia Fever, along with AC Crusaders and Philadelphia Fury soccer clubs, were part of the Atlantic Soccer Factory organization.

## Year-by-year

| Year | Division | League | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Reg. Season | Playoffs |
| 2012 | 1 | WPSLE | 14 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 15 | 35 | -20 | 9 | 6th | Did not qualify |
| 2013 | 2 | WPSL | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 5 | +31 | 26 | 1st, South Atlantic | East Conf. Final |
| 2014 | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus |
| 2015 | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus | hiatus |
| 2017 | 1 | WASL | | | | | | | | | |
# James Bruce-Jones

James Bruce-Jones (19 August 1910 — 29 April 1943) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer.
The son of Captain Thomas Bruce-Jones OBE and his wife, Edith Bruce-Jones, he was born in August 1910 at Larbert, Strilingshire. He was educated at Altenburn School at Nairn, before attending Charterhouse School in England. He subsequently worked for the family timber and foundry business, becoming its director. A club cricketer for both Stirling County and Grange, Bruce-Jones made two appearances in first-class cricket for Scotland against Ireland at Edinburgh in 1936 and Belfast in 1937. He scored a total of 91 runs in his two first-class matches, with a highest score of 47.
Shortly before the start of the Second World War, Bruce-Jones was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 7th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in May 1939. Serving in the war, he held the rank of captain by September 1941. Bruce-Jones saw action in the North African campaign, during which he was wounded in action in Tunisia and subsequently died from his wounds at Enfidaville on 29 April 1943. He was posthumously mentioned in dispatches in September 1943 for gallant and distinguished service during the North African campaign.
# Pselnophorus chihuahuaensis

Pselnophorus chihuahuaensis is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from western Texas, Arizona and the intermediary desert regions of Mexico.
The wingspan is 8.44 millimetres (0.332 in) for males and 7.61 millimetres (0.300 in) for females.
# Philip Hutchinson

Philip Hutchinson (25 January 1862 – 30 September 1925) was a South African cricketer who played in two Test matches in South Africa in 1889.
Hutchinson was born in West Dean, Sussex, and attended St Edward's School, Oxford, from 1878 to 1880. In three years in the school's cricket team he took 253 wickets at an average of 6. He migrated to South Africa in about 1885.
Hutchinson made 29, the top score on either side, when Natal lost to the touring R. G. Warton's XI in early February 1889. He also took 2 for 14 from 18 four-ball overs. He was selected to play for South Africa in both Test matches a few weeks later, but along with most of his teammates he was not successful, scoring only 14 runs in four innings and not bowling. Those two matches were the extent of his first-class cricket career.
Hutchinson and his wife Annie Elizabeth lived near Umzimkhulu in what was then known loosely as Griqualand East but is now in the southern part of KwaZulu-Natal. He died in September 1925, aged 63, at a nursing home in Durban.
# Psittacastis eurychrysa

Psittacastis eurychrysa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1909. It is found in Bolivia.
The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are blackish, suffused with deep bronzy except towards the costa and with a purple-golden subbasal fascia, diluted dorsally so as to reach the base. There is a moderate slightly curved purple-golden fascia somewhat before the middle, followed by an orange band which is broadest in the middle and contracted so as to leave a narrow spot of ground colour between them towards the costa, the outer edge of this band strongly curved. An orange streak is found along the costa from near beyond this band to the apex and the terminal and tornal area beyond this band is wholly purple-golden metallic. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Psittacastis molybdaspis

Psittacastis molybdaspis is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1926. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are brown with a yellow ochreous blotch on the base of the costa terminating beneath in a very oblique slender projection and including a short oblique brownish streak near its posterior edge. A slender grey median streak, edged whitish beneath, is found from the base to two-fifths, then continued obliquely downwards but not reaching the dorsum. There is also a very oblique rhomboidal blue leaden blotch from the costa before the middle, and an oblique-oval blotch between this and the tornus, as well as an orange-yellow very oblique wedge-shaped spot from the costa beyond the middle, marked with two white strigulae on the costa, the first emitting a blue-leaden line terminating in an elongate spot in the disc towards the termen. An erect leaden mark from the tornus is preceded by two slight marks of while irroration and terminating above in a white dot. There is a blackish longitudinal mark before the apex, and some grey suffusion beneath this reaching the apex. The hindwings are grey becoming darker posteriorly.
# Pheia haemapera

Pheia haemapera is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1898. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
# Pseudognophos

Pseudognophos is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Phiditia

Phiditia is a genus of moths of the family Phiditiidae erected by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1883.

## Taxonomy

The genus was treated in the Lymantriidae by Allan Watson, David Stephen Fletcher and I. W. B. Nye in 1980. It was later transferred to the Apatelodidae by Joël Minet in 1986. Minet designated it as the type genus for the new subfamily Phiditiinae, which was elevated to family level in 2011.

## Species

* Phiditia cuprea (Kaye, 1901)
* Phiditia diores (Cramer, 1775)
* Phiditia lucernaria (Walker, 1866)
* Phiditia maculosa Dognin, 1916
* Phiditia minor Schaus, 1924
* Phiditia scriptigera (Dognin, 1916)
# Ptychadena tournieri

Ptychadena tournieri is a species of frog in the family Ptychadenidae. It is a widespread species in West Africa and found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast, as well as in Togo and Benin; it is assumed to occur in Ghana and southeastern Burkina Faso, although it has not been recorded there. On the other hand, some records may refer to other species; the Amphibian Species of the World excludes Gambia and Togo from the distribution. Common names Liberia grassland frog and Tournier's rocket frog are sometimes used.

## Etymology

The specific name tournieri refers to Jean-Luc Tournier, who was director of the Institut Français d’Afrique Noire in Abidjan (now Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire).

## Description

Adult males measure 28–38 mm (1.1–1.5 in) and females 33–48 mm (1.3–1.9 in) in snout–vent length. The webbing in feet leaves one phalanx of toe V free (two in P. pujoli). The head is slightly longer than wide and with a pointed snout. The tympanum is almost as large as the eye. The dorsum has two pairs of dorsal ridges, with granulated skin in between, and a pair of dorsolateral ridges. Fine ridges are present also on the thighs and shanks. The upper lip is white. There are dark canthal lines that run from beyond the tympanum to the flanks, becoming somewhat thinner posteriorly. The dorsal ridges are white to light red whereas the dorsolateral ridges are white.

## Habitat and conservation

Ptychadena tournieri inhabits humid savanna areas, and can also survive altered habitats such as rice paddies. Reproduction takes place in small, stagnant and shallow temporary waters as well as in flooded fields and pans. This adaptable species is not considered to face significant threats.
# Ptychadena uzungwensis

Ptychadena uzungwensis is a species of frog in the family Ptychadenidae. It is found on the East African Plateau in Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania in the north and then southward to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe and uplands of Mozambique. Its common names include Udzungwa ridged frog and Udzungwa grass frog, where "Udzungwa" may also be written Uzungwa, following the spelling that Arthur Loveridge used in the species description for the Udzungwa Mountains, the type locality.

## Description

Males grow to 42 mm (1.7 in) and females to 48 mm (1.9 in) in snout–vent length. The longitudinal ridges on the dorsum are broken, and there are two distinct ridges on the snout. There are light dorsolateral skin folds running along each side of the body. The dorsum is dark brown with darker brown spots, and there is a light mid-dorsal stripe. The back of the thigh is faintly spotted, but may in some individuals join to form a horizontal band. Males have yellow throats and yellow patches near the groin. The toes have reduced webbing.

## Habitat and conservation

Ptychadena uzungwensis lives in medium- to high-altitude grasslands (800–2,300 m (2,600–7,500 ft) above sea level) near pools, seepages, dambos and permanent sponges, its presumed breeding habitat. Male call from shallow water. Specific threats to this species are not known, but it is unlikely to face significant threats. It occurs in a number protected areas, including the Upemba National Park in the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
# Ptychopariida

Ptychopariida is a large, heterogeneous order of trilobite containing some of the most primitive species known. The earliest species occurred in the second half of the Lower Cambrian, and the last species did not survive the Ordovician–Silurian extinction event.
Trilobites have facial sutures that run along the margin of the glabella and/or fixigena to the shoulder point where the cephalon meets the thorax. These sutures outline the cranidium, or the main, central part of the head that does not include the librigena (free cheeks). The eyes are medial along the glabella on the suture line (and some species have no eyes). The fossils of the moults of trilobites can often be told from the fossils of the actual animals by whether the librigena are present. (The librigena, or cheek spines, detach during moulting.) In ptychopariids, short bladelike genal spines are often present on the tips of the librigena.
The thorax is large and is typically made up of eight or more segments. The thorax is usually much longer than the pygidium, which is usually small. In some species the pygidium is outlined with a flat border.
The Subclass Librostoma was recently erected to encompass several related orders, including Ptychopariida, Asaphida, Proetida, Harpetida, and possibly Phacopida. These are now known as the "Librostome Orders". Trilobites of the orders Proetida, Harpetida, and of the family Damesellidae were originally placed in Ptychopariida.

## Taxonomy

Suborder Olenina
* Superfamily Olenoidea
** Family Ellipsocephaloididae
** Family Olenidae
Suborder Ptychopariina
* Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea
** Family Agraulidae
** Family Aldonaiidae
** Family Bigotinidae
** Family Chengkouiidae
** Family Ellipsocephalidae
** Family Estaingiidae
** Family Palaeolenidae
** Family Yunnanocephalidae
* Superfamily Ptychoparioidea
** Family Acrocephalitidae
** Family Alokistocaridae
** Family Antagmidae
** Family Asaphiscidae
** Family Atopidae
** Family Bolaspididae
** Family Cedariidae
** Family Changshaniidae
** Family Conocoryphidae
** Family Conokephalinidae
** Family Crepicephalidae
** Family Diceratocephalidae
** Family Elviniidae
** Family Eulomidae
** Family Holocephalinidae
** Family Ignotogregatidae
** Family Inouyiidae
** Family Isocolidae
** Family Kingstoniidae
** Family Liostracinidae
** Family Llanoaspididae
** Family Lonchocephalidae
** Family Lorenzellidae
** Family Mapaniidae
** Family Marjumiidae
** Family Menomoniidae
** Family Nepeidae
** Family Norwoodiidae
** Family Papyriaspididae
** Family Phylacteridae
** Family Proasaphiscidae
** Family Ptychopariidae
** Family Shumardiidae
** Family Solenopleuridae
** Family Tricrepicephalidae
** Family Utiidae
** Family Wuaniidae
* Superfamily Incertae sedis
** Genus Tonopahella
Suborder incertae sedis
* Family Avoninidae
* Family Catillicephalidae
* Family Ityophoridae
* Family Plethopeltidae