OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Godfrey Foljambe

Godfrey Acheson Thornhagh Foljambe JP (21 October 1869 – 16 March 1942) was an English first-class cricketer.
The son of Francis Foljambe and his wife, Gertrude Emily Acheson, Foljambe was born at Marylebone in October 1869. He was educated at Eton College, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1892. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1892. He toured Ceylon and India with Lord Hawke's XI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship.
He later served as a justice of the peace for Herefordshire. Foljambe died in March 1942 at Lizard, Cornwall. He was married to Judith Frances Wright, the daughter of FitzHerbert Wright. His brother George was also a first-class cricketer, as were his uncles Edward Acheson and Lord Acheson.
# Oscar Jacobsen

Oscar Jacobsen (1 January 1850 – 6 August 1902) was a Norwegian engineer and politician for the Liberal Party.

## Personal life

He was born in Vågå as the son of Johanne Georgine Jørgensen and her husband Nils Lauritz Severin Jacobsen. He had several brothers, among them Albert Marius Jacobsen, father of Rolf Jacobsen. Both Albert and Rolf would serve as national politicians.
In 1875 Oscar Jacobsen married Laura Sofie Fredrikke Dahl. The couple had several children, mostly girls.

## Career

An engineer by education, he worked in the Norwegian State Railways.
He served in the cabinet Sverdrup as Minister of Labour from 5 March 1888 to 12 July 1889. From 28 August to 30 September 1888 he was also Minister of Interior.
# Muga de Sayago

Muga de Sayago is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 472 inhabitants.
# Nehren

Nehren is the name of two communes in Germany:
* Nehren, Baden-Württemberg, located in the district of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg
* Nehren, Rhineland-Palatinate, a village in the district Cochem-Zell, Rhineland-Palatinate
# Q Carinae

The names q Carinae and Q Carinae are the Bayer designations of two different giant stars in the constellation Carina.
* For the variable star q Carinae, see V337 Carinae.
* For the orange star Q Carinae, see HD 61248.
# Redes Natural Park

The Redes Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Natural de Redes) is located in the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. Its total area is 377.36 km$^2$ (145.70 sq mi), split between two municipalities: Caso (307.94 km$^2$ (118.90 sq mi)) and Sobrescobio (69.42 km$^2$ (26.80 sq mi)). It was declared a natural park in 1996.

## Conservation

In September 2001, the park was included by Unesco in the global network of Biosphere reserves. Redes is one a group of biosphere reserves in the Cantabrian Mountains, which includes Picos de Europa National Park and Somiedo Natural Park. Since 2007 there has been discussion of creating a single super-reserve called Gran Cantabrica to protect the mountain eco-system. This integration is expected to benefit animals such as the Cantabrian brown bear which have been adversely affected by habitat fragmentation.
Since 2003 Redes has been protected as a Special Protection Area for birds.

## Tourist attractions

There are three natural monuments in the park:
* Ruta del Alba, an old miners' road by the river Alba.
* Deboyu Cave
* El Tabayón del Mongayu (waterfall)
There are various museums in the area including a bee-keeping museum.

## Flora

Temperate deciduous woodland is typical of the park.

## Fauna
### Farming

The human population carries out traditional livestock farming including transhumance using high pastures called "brañas". The biosphere reserve aims to protect traditional farming as a sustainable use of natural resources.

### Mammals

Cantabrian brown bears are often found in the park, which appears to have a key role in the corridors used by this endangered species. Genetic studies show that the surviving Cantabrian brown bears were divided in the twentieth century into two populations separated by a bear-free zone. (This rupture has been interpreted as the consequence of the development of communication infrastructures and human pressure). However, genetic evidence has been found in Redes of hybridisation, the result of recent breeding between individuals from the two populations. This is good news for the bears as it shows that they have found a way to reverse the fragmentation of their habitat.
There is a breeding population of wolves.

### Birds

Bird-life includes the Cantabrian Capercaillie, a member of the grouse family which is dependent on large tracts of mature woodland. The subspecies has been in decline, partly related to a decline in the quality of its habitat. A recovery plan has been in operation, funded by the LIFE Programme, which is due to end in 2016. The recovery plan operates across 16 SPAs, including Redes. There has been work to improve the birds' habitat and to reintroduce them to areas where it appears they have become extinct. Reintroductions have involved a facility for raising capercaillies in captivity at Sobrescobio.

### Invertebrates

Gastropod species include the Kerry slug.
# Hans Friedrich Gadow

Hans Friedrich Gadow (8 March 1855 – 16 May 1928) was a German-born ornithologist who worked in Britain. His work on the classification of birds based on anatomical and morphological characters was influential and made use of by Alexander Wetmore in his classification of North American birds.
Gadow was born in Stary Kraków (Pomerania), the son of an inspector of the Prussian royal forests. He studied at the universities of Berlin, Jena and Heidelberg. At Jena he studied under Ernst Haeckel and at Heidelberg University under the anatomist Carl Gegenbaur. After graduation he travelled to the Natural History Museum in London in 1880 at the request of Albert Günther, to work on the museum's Catalogue of Birds. Gadow also established the first new sequence of bird orders and families that departed from earlier works in being based on phylogenetic principles based on a comparison of anatomical and morphological features and made use of the studies made by Max Fürbringer. This sequence was continued with modification by Alexander Wetmore and James L. Peters and followed from the 1930s to the 1960s. Gadow prepared Volume VIII on the titmice, shrikes and nuthatches, and Volume IX on the sunbirds and honeyeaters.
In 1884 Gadow succeeded Osbert Salvin as Curator of the Strickland Collection at Cambridge University, as well as being appointed Lecturer on the Morphology of Vertebrates. He became a member of the British Ornithologists' Union in 1881 and a fellow of the Royal Society in 1892. He became a naturalized British citizen in 1882. He married Clara Maud Paget, daughter of Sir George E. Paget.
In 1895 and 1896 Gadow and his wife made two journeys along northern Spain, from the Basque Country to Galicia. In 1897 Gadow published In Northern Spain, the book that gathered together the very interesting observations on geography, ethnography, and fauna and flora he had made.
Gadow's publications included Classification of the Vertebrata (1898), a translation of Haeckel's work entitled The Last Link (1898) and the articles on anatomy in Alfred Newton's Dictionary of Birds.
Gadow is commemorated in the scientific names of three species of Mexican lizards: Abronia gadovii, Anolis gadovii, and Urosaurus gadovi. His wife Clara Maud Gadow (née Paget) is commemorated in the scientific name of one species of Mexican lizard, Sceloporus gadoviae.
# Reinert Open

The Reinert Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Versmold, Germany, since 2008.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2022 | Linda Nosková | Ysaline Bonaventure | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 2021 | Elina Avanesyan | Federica Di Sarra | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–2, 6–2 |
| 2020 | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2019 | Nina Stojanović | Katharina Hobgarski | 6–0, 7–5 |
| 2018 | Olga Danilović | Laura Siegemund | 5–7, 6–1, 6–3 |
| 2017 | Mihaela Buzărnescu | Barbara Haas | 6–0, 6–2 |
| 2016 | Antonia Lottner | Tereza Smitková | 3–6, 7–5, 6–3 |
| 2015 | Carina Witthöft | Johanna Larsson | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 2014 | Kateryna Kozlova | Richèl Hogenkamp | 6–4, 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, 6–1 |
| 2013 | Dinah Pfizenmaier | Maryna Zanevska | 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 2012 | Annika Beck | Anastasija Sevastova | 6–3, 6–1 |
| 2011 | Mariana Duque Mariño | Scarlett Werner | 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 7–5 |
| 2010 | Magda Linette | Irina-Camelia Begu | 6−2, 7−5 |
| 2009 | Sarah Gronert | Darija Jurak | 6–3, 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ |
| 2008 | Evelyn Mayr | Romana Tedjakusuma | 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2022 | Anna Danilina Arianne Hartono | Ankita Raina Rosalie van der Hoek | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–4, [10–6] |
| 2021 | Anna Danilina Valeriya Strakhova | Mirjam Björklund Jaimee Fourlis | 4–6, 7–5, [10–4] |
| 2020 | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Tournament cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2019 | Amina Anshba Anastasia Dețiuc | Ankita Raina Bibiane Schoofs | 0–6, 6–3, [10–8] |
| 2018 | Pemra Özgen Despina Papamichail | Olga Danilović Nina Stojanović | 1–6, 6–2, [10–4] |
| 2017 | Katharina Gerlach Julia Wachaczyk | Misa Eguchi Akiko Omae | 4–6, 6–1, [10–7] |
| 2016 | Natela Dzalamidze Valeriya Strakhova | Kanae Hisami Kotomi Takahata | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 2015 | Eva Hrdinová Shahar Pe'er | Alona Fomina Sofiya Kovalets | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 2014 | Gabriela Dabrowski Mariana Duque | Verónica Cepede Royg Stephanie Vogt | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 2013 | Sofia Shapatava Anna Tatishvili | Claire Feuerstein Renata Voráčová | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 2012 | Mailen Auroux María Irigoyen | Elena Bogdan Réka-Luca Jani | 6–1, 6–4 |
| 2011 | Elizaveta Ianchuk Julia Mayr | Cecilia Costa Melgar Daniela Seguel | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 2010 | Hana Birnerová Erika Sema | Aminat Kushkhova Olga Panova | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 2009 | Elisa Peth Scarlett Werner | Alenka Hubacek Kairangi Vano | w/o |
| 2008 | Samantha Schoeffel Bibiane Schoofs | Nicola Geuer Laura Haberkorn | 4–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, [10–5] |
# Widman

Widman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Allan Widman (born 1964), Swedish politician
* Charles Widman (1879–1944), American football player
* John Widman, American luthier
* Kjell-Ove Widman, Swedish mathematician (1940–)
* Peter Widman, Swedish painter (1948–)
# Otto Anninger

Otto Anninger (February 20, 1874 – July 5, 1954, Lucerne) was a major industrialist and an art collector.

## Life

Anniger married Clara (née Wolf), (born January 12, 1886, Vienna; died September 23, 1938, Paris) They lived in the "Villa Anninger" located at Vienna XIX, Lannerstraße 36. The Anningers also had a villa in Vienna XIX, Billrothstraße 46.
Anniger had a company "W. Abeles & Co.", agency and commission trade in Vienna I., located at Schottenbastei 4, as well as factories in Teesdorf, Lower Austria, and Dugaresa, Yugoslavia. He was a shareholder of Baumwoll-Import und Handels-A.G. in Bratislava, shareholder of the spinning and weaving mill Teesdorf-Schönau in Vienna.

## Art collection

Anninger collected paintings and reliefs by, among others, Robert and Franz von Alt, Canaletto and Erwin Pendl.

## Nazi persecution

When Austria merged with Nazi Germany in the Anschluss of 1938, the Anningers fled to Paris. His wife committed suicide. Anninger then fled to the U.S.
In 1938, Anniger's company "W. Abeles & Co." was Aryanized (transferred to a non-Jewish owner) by the Austrian Kontrollbank, All his properties were confiscated.;
According to the Louvre Museum in Paris, Anniger donated a painting by Jan de Heem in 1939.
# Mugabasav

Mugabasav is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Nicolaes Hals

Nicolaes Hals (1628, Haarlem – 1686, Haarlem), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

## Biography

According to Houbraken who mistakenly mentioned him as one of the grandsons of the painter Frans Hals by his son Jan, he was like his brothers Harman, Frans II, and Jan, good at music and painting.
According to the RKD he was the son of Frans Hals and his second wife, who, when he grew up, painted landscapes and architectural scenes in addition to portraits. The age gap between Nicolaes and his older halfbrother Harmen is probably the reason that Houbraken called him a grandson. In 1655 he married a rich widow from Haaksbergen, but they did not have any children. His works are sometimes confused with those of Nicolaes Molenaer. He was a pupil of his father together with Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, who married his sister. He was also familiar with his cousin Anthony, the son of his uncle Dirck Hals.
* Haarlem in the Grote Houtstraat looking north towards the Grote Kerk
# Q Division

Q Division may refer to:
* Q Division (James Bond)
* Q Division Records
* Q Division Studios
* the q-analog of regular division in Tsallis q-theory
# Political obligation

Political obligation refers to a moral requirement to obey national laws. Its origins are unclear, however it traces to the Ancient Greeks. The idea of political obligation is philosophical, focusing on the morality of laws, rather than justice. Discussion of political obligation grew during the era of social contract theory, in which Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were crucial in explaining the idea and its importance. Political obligation is distinct from legal obligation.

## History

The idea of political obligation was renewed by Thomas Hill Green around the late 1800s. Green discussed the idea as "obedience to the law." A more detailed look at the term can be traced to Socrates and Plato. Dudley Knowles considered the topic in his book Political Obligation: A Critical Introduction.

### Socrates

The earliest understanding of political obligation can be traced back to the teachings of Socrates. One account recalls his imprisonment and death sentence for "corrupting the morals of the youth". Instead of escaping, he chose to stay and accept his punishment, as he found it morally wrong to evade his punishment. In Crito, Socrates describes the struggle man has with the rule of law and the connection it has with political obligation.

## Divinity and morality

One claim is that the obligations of an individual to society is divinely ordained. Christianity has been a catalyst in this thinking. This requires acceptance of the existence of the divine and the linkage between the divine and the political realms are clear.

## Social contract

Hobbes believed that society needed authority in order to thrive. More specifically, he saw it as a fight among humans to wield power. Hobbes accepted the idea of political obligation, stating that government and laws were needed to thrive as a society. Hobbes and Locke agreed on the idea of individual freedom. They both saw that this freedom was limited and accompanied by an obligation to obey the law.
# Pollanisus viridipulverulenta

Pollanisus viridipulverulenta, the satin-green forester, is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in the eastern part of Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania).

## Description

The adult moth has head, thorax and forewings metallic blue-green, while the hindwings are grey. The wingspan is about 30 mm. The length of the forewings is 11–13 mm for males and 8–9 mm for females. The female has a yellow tuft of hair at the tip of the abdomen. This species resembles other adult moths in the genus such as P. apicalis (generally smaller with narrower wings) and P. subdolosa (distinguishable by a bronze "collar" behind the head).
The larva is brown and has clumps of short hair.

## Life cycle

Adults are on wing from August and early September (in Queensland and South Australia) to January (in Tasmania).. Female moths camouflage their eggs using hairs from their abdominal tufts.
The larvae feed on various Hibbertia species, including Hibbertia obtusifolia, Hibbertia stricta and Hibbertia sericea. They pupate in cocoons amongst the foliage or in the leaf litter at the feet of host plants.
# 2006 Kazakhstan Hockey Cup

The 2006 Kazakhstan Hockey Cup was the fifth edition of the Kazakhstan Hockey Cup, the national ice hockey cup competition in Kazakhstan. Six teams participated and Kazakhmys Satpaev won its 2nd cup.

## Results

| | GP | W | T | L | GF:GA | Pts |
| Kazakhmys Satpaev | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 36:11 | 8 |
| Kazzinc-Torpedo | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 26:12 | 7 |
| Barys Astana | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 20:16 | 6 |
| Gornyak Rudny | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 27:21 | 5 |
| Yertis Pavlodar | 5 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 17:19 | 4 |
| Yenbek Almaty | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4:51 | 0 |
# Polyaroidea

Polyaroidea is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Polyaroidea distincta Hardy, 1988
* Polyaroidea opposita Hardy, 1988
* Polyaroidea univittata Hardy, 1988
# Hanne Fischer

Hanne Fischer (born 3 March 1966 in Copenhagen) is a Danish operatic mezzo-soprano. In 1993 she made her professional opera debut at the Royal Danish Theatre as Cherubino in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro. From 1993-1997 she was a member of the Kiel Opera House, and since 1997 she has been a member of the Royal Danish Theatre. She has appeared as a guest artist with numerous theatres, including the Berlin State Opera, the Hamburg State Opera, Theater Bonn, and the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées. Along with her fellow performers, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording for her performance in Poul Ruders's The Handmaid's Tale at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards in 2002.
# Paya Rumput (state constituency)

Paya Rumput is a state constituency in Malacca, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Melaka State Legislative Assembly.
The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Melaka State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

## Definition

The Paya Rumput constituency contains the polling districts of Hujong Padang, Kerubong, Pantai Cheng, Cheng Perdana, Cheng and Tanjung Minyak.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Paya Rumput's electorate as of 2021

## History
### Polling districts

According to the gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Paya Rumput constituency has a total of 6 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling districts | Code | Location |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Hujong Padang | 136/13/01 | SK Paya Rumput SMK Paya Rumput |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Krubong | 136/13/02 | SK Krubong SMK Krubong Dewan Komuniti PPR Krubong |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Pantai Cheng | 136/13/03 | SK Cheng |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Cheng Perdana | 136/13/04 | SK Tanjung Minyak |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Cheng | 136/13/05 | SMK Tun Haji Abdul Malek |
| Paya Rumput (N13) | Tanjung Minyak | 136/13/06 | SK Tanjung Minyak 2 SRA JAIM Tanjung Minyak 2 |

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Paya Rumput :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Krubong ||||
| 9th | 1995 – 1999 | Yasin Mohd Sarif | BN (UMNO) |
| 10th | 1999 – 2004 | Mohd Ali Rustam | BN (UMNO) |
| 11th | 2004 – 2008 | Tahir Hassan | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008 – 2013 | Tahir Hassan | BN (UMNO) |
| 13th | 2013 – 2018 | Sazali Muhd Din | BN (UMNO) |
| 14th | 2018 – 2020 | Mohd Rafiq Naizamohideen | PH (BERSATU) |
| 14th | 2020 – 2021 | Mohd Rafiq Naizamohideen | PN (BERSATU) |
| 15th | 2021 – present | Rais Yasin | BN (UMNO) |

## Election results

The electoral results for the Paya Rumput state constituency in 2004, 2008, 2013, 2018 and 2021 are as follows.
# International Settlement

International Settlement may refer to:
* International Settlement (San Francisco), a lost entertainment area of San Francisco which was prominent between the 1930s through the 1950s
* Shanghai International Settlement, territory in Shanghai leased to Britain and the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries
* International Settlement (film), a 1938 American film set in the Shanghai International Settlement
# Invasion of Hungary

Invasion of Hungary may refer to:
* German invasion of Hungary (1063)
* First Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241)
* Second Mongol invasion of Hungary (1285)
* German invasion of Hungary (1944)
* Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956)
# 2006 in the European Union

Events from the year 2006 in the European Union.

## Incumbents

* President of the European Council
** Wolfgang Schüssel (Jan – Jun 2006)
** Matti Vanhanen (July – Dec 2006)
* Commission President
** José Manuel Barroso
* Council Presidency:
** Austria (January – June)
** Finland (July - December)
* Parliament President
** Josep Borrell
* High Representative
** Javier Solana

## Events

* 1 January: Austria takes the Presidency.
* 2 February:
** The Commission launches a white paper on communication policy.
** European Commission Vice-President Franco Frattini backs the freedom of speech of Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten during the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.
* 16 February: The Commission's 'Bolkestein Directive' is approved at its first reading by the MEPs admit large protests outside the Parliament.
* 7 April: .eu domain opens to the public.
* 4 May: The Commission adopts a green paper on the European Transparency Initiative.
* 3 June: Montenegro declares independence, leads to separate relations and accession negotiations.
* 21 June: Barroso attends EU-US summit in Vienna.
* 1 July: Finland takes the Presidency.
* 12 July: Kroes gives Microsoft a 280.5 million euro fine for its anti-competitive behaviour.
* 24 July: The Council adopts a common position on the Bolkestein Directive
* 15 November: European Parliament adopts the Bolkestein Directive at its second reading.
* 12 December: Parliament approves the Bulgarian and Romanian Commissioners despite concerns over the weakness of the Multilingualism portfolio.
# Patricia Poblete

Patricia Poblete Benett (6 June 1946 − 31 March 2022) was a Chilean economist who served as minister during the first government of Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010).
# Percassa

Percassa is a genus of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There is one described species in Percassa, P. rugifrons, found in Australia.