OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rosamund Sutherland

Rosamund Sutherland (née Hatfield, 1947–2019) was a British mathematics educator. She was a professor emeritus at the University of Bristol, and the former head of the school of education at Bristol.

## Education and career

Sutherland was born in Birmingham; her mother taught geography and her father was a physicist. The family moved to south Wales when she was young, and after attending Haberdashers' Monmouth School for Girls she became a student at the University of Bristol, where she met and married her husband, mechanical and biomedical engineer Ian Sutherland.
She worked briefly as a computer programmer, and then as a researcher at the University of Bristol while her husband completed his doctorate. After she and her family moved to Hertfordshire, she taught for The Open University and the Borehamwood College of Further Education. Through her position at The Open University she came to work with Celia Hoyles, who encouraged her to become an academic researcher in a project combining mathematics education with computer programming in the Logo programming language. She worked at the University of London from 1983 until 1995, when she was given a Chair in Education at the University of Bristol.
At Bristol, in 1997, she chaired a national committee that helped bring algebra to a more prominent position in secondary-school mathematics education. She was the head of the school from 2003 to 2006, and again in 2014. She also played a key role in improving educational opportunities for underprivileged youth in south Bristol.
She died on 26 January 2019.

## Books

Sutherland was the author or coauthor of several books or booklets on mathematics education, including:
* Logo Mathematics in the Classroom (Routledge / Chapman & Hall, 1989)
* Exploring Mathematics with Spreadsheets (with Lulu Healy, Blackwell, 1992)
* Key Aspects of Teaching Algebra in Schools (with John Mason, QCA, 2002)
* A Comparative Study of Algebra Curricula (QCA, 2002)
* Screenplay: Children and Computing in the Home (with Keri Facer, John Furlong, and Ruth Furlong, RoutledgeFalmer, 2003)
* Teaching for Learning Mathematics (Open University Press / McGraw Hill, 2007)
* Improving Classroom Learning With ICT (with Susan Robertson and Peter John, Routledge, 2009)
* Education and Social Justice in a Digital Age (Bristol University Press, 2014)
She also edited books including:
* Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics (Didactique des Mathématiques, 1970–1990) (by Guy Brousseau, edited and translated by Balacheff, Cooper, Sutherland, and Warfield, Kluwer, 1997)
* Learning and Teaching Where Worldviews Meet (edited with Guy Claxton and Andrew Pollard, Trentham, 2004)
# George M. Rhodes

George Milton Rhodes (February 24, 1898 – October 23, 1978) was an American World War I veteran who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania for ten terms from 1949 to 1969.

## Early life and career

George M. Rhodes was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. During the First World War he served in the United States Army.

### Early career

He worked as a printer for the Reading Eagle Co. from 1913 to 1927, and business manager for the Reading Labor Advocate from 1927 to 1942. He was an A.F. of L. labor representative. He was editor and manager of the Lancaster New Era from 1942 to 1949.
He was President of Federated Trades Council, A.F. of L. Central Labor Union from 1928 to 1951 and a member of the Reading Housing Authority from 1938 to 1948.

### Early affiliation with Socialist Party

A member of the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania, Rhodes was a delegate to the Socialist National Conventions in 1928 and 1932. He ran for local office several times on the Socialist ticket. After he became a Democrat, he was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1952 and 1956.

### Congress

He was elected as a Democrat to the 81st Congress in 1948, defeating incumbent Republican Congressman Frederick A. Muhlenberg, and re-elected to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1969). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1968.
As a member of Congress, Rhodes was a supporter of collective bargaining rights. He worked with Senator Olin D. Johnston of South Carolina to introduce the Rhodes-Johnston bill, which would have recognized the collective bargaining rights of all federal workers. This bill never came to a vote due to objections from President Eisenhower, but a limited version of the proposal was later adopted by the administration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961.

## Death and legacy

He died in 1978 at the age of 80. The George M. Rhodes Apartments in Reading are named after him.
# Prahlad Kumar Sethi

Prahlad Kumar Sethi is an Indian physician, medical writer and the chairman of the department of Neurology at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi. He is the founder of Brain Care Foundation, a Delhi-based Trust engaged in the spreading community awareness about brain diseases by dissemination of information. and the author of several publications on neurology and other medical topics, including Medical Second Opinion, a patient’s perspective on how, when and why a second opinion is necessary in medical matters. He is a recipient of the Vishisht Seva Medal for his services to the Indian Armed Forces. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2002.
# Jack and Jim

Jack et Jim, sold in the United States as Jack and Jim and in Britain as Comical Conjuring, is a 1903 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 517–519 in its catalogues.
Méliès plays the juggler in the film, which uses substitution splices and gunfire for its special effects.

## Cast

* Jules-Eugène Legris as Jim
* Georges Méliès
# National Affairs

National Affairs is a quarterly magazine in the United States about political affairs that was first published in September 2009. Its founding editor, Yuval Levin, and authors are typically considered to be conservative and right-wing. The magazine is published by National Affairs, Inc., which previously published the magazines The National Interest (1985–2001) and The Public Interest (1965–2005). National Affairs, Inc., was originally run by Irving Kristol, and featured board members such as former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, former ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, and author Charles Murray.

## History

In the editorial in the inaugural issue, editor Yuval Levin elaborated on the magazine's mission: "National Affairs will have a point of view, but not a party line. It will begin from confidence and pride in America, from a sense that our challenge is to build on our strengths to address our weaknesses, and from the conviction that chief among those strengths are our democratic capitalism, our ideals of liberty and equality under the law, and our roots in the longstanding traditions of the West. We will seek to cultivate an open-minded empiricism, a decent respect for the awesome complexity of life in society, and a healthy skepticism of the serene technocratic confidence that is too often the dominant flavor of social science and public policy. And we will take politics seriously". The editorial expresses gratitude to the editors of The Public Interest, and notes that "the complete archives of The Public Interest are available for the first time" on its website.
On September 7, 2009, David Brooks of the New York Times reviewed the first issue. He wrote that "The Public Interest closed in 2005", leaving "a gaping hole. Fortunately, a new quarterly magazine called National Affairs is starting up today to continue the work." Brooks continued by noting that the magazine occupied "the bloody crossroads where social science and public policy meet matters of morality, culture and virtue". "In a world of fever swamp politics and arid, overly specialized expertise," Brooks wrote in his closing, "National Affairs arrives at just the right time."
National Affairs "makes its home at the American Enterprise Institute."
# The Lords of Chaos

The Lords of Chaos was an amateur press association (APA) published by Nicolai Shapero from 1977 to 1981 that focused on fantasy role-playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons and Runequest.

## Description

In the mid-1970s, the sudden rise in popularity of fantasy role-playing games like Dungeons & Dragons (TSR, 1974) and Runequest (Chaosium, 1978) resulted in the publication of several zines and APAs dedicated to these games. One of the originals, based in California, was Lee Gold's Alarums & Excursions, and several APAs quickly spun off of it, including The Lords of Chaos (TLOC). This new APA was edited by Nicolai Shapero (also credited as Niall Shapero and Niall Shapiro) and was first published in Spring 1977. It initially came out every two months but switched to quarterly publication. It was mimeographed, usually 80 pages in length, and used different colored copy paper to differentiate the various articles.
The Lords of Chaos started with a focus on Dungeons & Dragons, Traveller and Runequest, but by the tenth issue, was mostly dedicated to Runequest. Authors included Steve Marsh, Steve Perrin, and Lee Gold. Contributors were paid 60 cents per stencil or $1.25 per typed page, and received a free copy of the issue to which they had contributed. At its height, it had about 200 subscribers.
Publication ceased in 1981 after 13 issues. Shapero felt that although he had started it to provide content for gamemasters, it ultimately failed in that respect, becoming instead a conversational forum. Shapero went on to create the science fiction role-playing game Other Suns, published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1983.

## Reception

In Issue 50 of Dragon (June 1981), Dave Nalle noted that there was not much interior art, the covers "are not outstanding," but it was "adequately organized" and noted that "The usual spectrum of ideas and material is presented. There are fewer comments and less chit-chat than in most APAs. Whether that is a good or a bad point is hard to say." Nalle thought the strength of TLOC was "in the high quality of its writers. Some of the best writers from other APAs are regular contributors." But Nalle found a lot of the material was "awesomely trivial." He pointed out that "almost everything comes from someone’s specific [role-playing] campaign and is really only suited to that campaign. TLOC might be of almost no use to some potential readers, though others might be able to glean some transferable ideas." Nalle concluded by giving TLOC an overall rating of 6 out of 10.
# Say Aha

"Say Aha" is the fourth single by American artist Santigold, taken from her debut album Santogold.

## Release and reception

"Say Aha" was released on November 24 in the UK. The song appeared in television advertisements for Samsung. In the United States, a remix of "Say Aha" (as well as a remix of "L.E.S. Artistes") was featured in commercials for the Ford Flex.
NME said that the song "loses out considerably in the amazingness stakes simply by virtue of not being 'L.E.S. Artistes'. But [...] this is jaunty, dancehall-flecked and it's perfectly fine," giving the song an eight out of ten. A review from Music Week said the single "sounds sparkling" and "boasts a great chorus". Pitchfork Media described "Say Aha" as "perfect new wave bubblegum-- 2 Tone keyboards, phaser effects, a stomp-ready chorus, and a surf guitar solo to finish." The review said that the song "evoke[s] that moment when rock's aggression met reggae's drive and depth". The Times labelled the track "annoying/endearing" but "worthy of the hype."

## Music video

The music video for "Say Aha" was filmed on Red Hook, Brooklyn's Van Brunt Street on June 18, 2008. Santogold was photographed on the video set with her extras, riding on bicycles with lifesized loudspeakers.

## Track listing
### UK CD single

* Say Aha – 3:35

### UK digital EP

* Say Aha (Tom Neville's 24 Carat Vocal Remix) – 8:17 (7digital only)
* Say Aha (Nevilles Gold Dust Dub) – 6:51
* Say Aha (Phones Cosmic Dub) – 6:12
* Say Aha (Tepr Edit) – 4:31

## Official versions and remixes

* Album Version – 3:35
* Nevilles Gold Dust Dub – 6:51
* Phones Cosmic Dub – 6:12
* Tepr Edit – 4:31
* Tom Neville's 24 Carat Vocal Remix – 8:17

## Chart positions

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Belgian Tip Chart (Flanders) | 15 |
| UK Singles Chart | 157 |
# 38 (number)

38 (thirty-eight) is the natural number following 37 and preceding 39.

## In mathematics

* 38! − 1 yields 523022617466601111760007224100074291199999999 which is the 16th factorial prime.
* There is no answer to the equation φ(x) = 38, making 38 a nontotient.
* 38 is the sum of the squares of the first three primes.
* 37 and 38 are the first pair of consecutive positive integers not divisible by any of their digits.
* 38 is the largest even number which cannot be written as the sum of two odd composite numbers.
* The sum of each row of the only non-trivial (order 3) magic hexagon is 38.

## In science

* The atomic number of strontium

### Astronomy

* The Messier object M38, a magnitude 7.0 open cluster in the constellation Auriga
* The New General Catalogue object NGC 38, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces

## In other fields

Thirty-eight is also:
* The 38th parallel north is the pre-Korean War boundary between North Korea and South Korea.
* The number of slots on an American roulette wheel (0, 00, and 1 through 36; European roulette does not use the 00 slot and has only 37 slots)
* The Ishihara test is a color vision test consisting of 38 pseudoisochromatic plates.
* A "38" is often the name for a snub nose .38 caliber revolver.
* The 38 class is the most famous class of steam locomotive used in New South Wales
* Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States
* Arnold Schwarzenegger, 38th Governor of California, most recent Republican governor of California, and the second governor to be born outside of the United States
* Cats have a total of 38 chromosomes in their genome.
* Number used by Zane Smith and Front Row Motorsports to win the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series championship.
# Ryszard Wasik

Ryszard Wasik (2 May 1931 – 22 March 2021) was a Polish politician and shipping captain. He served in the Sejm's Sixth Term in the People's Republic of Poland [pl] from 1972 to 1976.

## Biography

At the age of 14, Wasik ran away from his home in Dąbrowa Górnicza and settled in Gdynia, where he joined the crew of a fishing boat. In 1949, he was admitted to the Maritime University of Szczecin. He graduated three years later and began working for Polsteam, but was threatened with a ban on fishing from the Komitet do Spraw Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego [pl], causing him to return to Gdynia. He then worked for Polish Ocean Lines as an officer. In 1972, he was elected to the Sejm in the Szczecin district as a member of the Polish United Workers' Party, where he was a member of the Maritime Economy and Shipping Committee and the Foreign Trade Committee. He then worked at the Polish consul of maritime affairs in New York City. Upon his return to Poland, he continued to sail until his retirement in 1991.
Ryszard Wasik died in Szczecin on 22 March 2021 at the age of 89. He was buried in the Central Cemetery, Szczecin on 31 March.
# Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology

26°43′50″N 83°26′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.73056°N 83.43333°E﻿ / 26.73056; 83.43333
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology (MMMUT) is a state university in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 2013 by upgrading Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College (MMMEC), which was established in 1962, into a university.

## History

MMMUT has its roots in Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College (MMMEC), established in 1962. In October 2012, the Government of Uttar Pradesh announced that it will upgrade the college into a residential university, quoting the lack of technical education in Uttar Pradesh since the reorganisation of 2000, when Roorkee University went to Uttrakhand. The university was established a year later through the Uttar Pradesh Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Act, 2013, which was passed by the government in September 2013.

## Admissions
### Under Graduate Admissions

Undergraduate admissions until 2014 were being done through the Uttar Pradesh State Entrance Examinations SEE-UPTU, also known as UPSEE. Post the college was recognized as a State Technical University, the admissions to UG courses were taken through an admission test conducted by MMMUT named as Malaviya Entrance Test (MET). From the session 2021-2022, Joint Entrance Examination – Main (JEE-MAIN) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) replaced the MET for future BTech (First Year) admissions in the University.And it also offers bachelor in pharmacy through cuet entrance examination.

### Post Graduate Admissions

Admission to the MTech programme is done based on Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering- GATE Score of the candidate. Admission to courses like MCA and MSc were also taken by the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur through the Malaviya Entrance Test (MET) till the academic session 2020-2021. The University has finally decided to take future admissions in its BBA, B. Pharm., BTech II (Lateral Entry), MBA, MCA, MTech in 12 specialization streams, and MSc courses through the Uttar Pradesh Combined Entrance Test (UPCET) from the academic session 2021-2022. The UPCET-2021 will also be conducted by National Testing Agency. UPCET is the replacement of UPSEE conducted earlier and is also referred to as Uttar Pradesh Joint Entrance Examinations (UPJEE). Reservation rules are followed in admissions as per the norms of UP Govt./MMMUT, Gorakhpur.

## Accreditation

In 2022, MMMUT was accredited with an A grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), the first state university in Uttar Pradesh to get this rank.

## Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the university 84th in 2024. It increased its ranking to 84 in the 2024 rankings in Engineering category, 94 in University category and Rank-band: 101-150 in Overall.
# Quince Mil Airport

Quince Mil (IATA: UMI, ICAO: SPIL) is a public airport serving the village of Quince Mil in the Cusco Region of Peru. The runway is in the strip of land between the Interoceanic Highway and the Araza River, a tributary of the Inambari River. Aerial images show brush growing mid-field.
# The Blood (film)

The Blood (German: Das Blut) is a 1922 German silent film directed by Paul Legband.

## Cast

* Albert Steinrück
* Hanni Weisse
* Guido Herzfeld as Pieter Last
* Victor Varconi as Dr. Robert Kargert, Advokat
* Sophie Pagay as Susanne, die Amme
* Dora Bergner as Frau von Joergens
* Frida Brock as Brigitte, die Kellnerin
# USS LST-559

USS LST-559 was a United States Navy LST-542-class tank landing ship in commission from 1944 to 1946.

## Construction and commissioning

LST-559 was laid down on 14 February 1944 at Evansville, Indiana, by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company. She was launched on 18 April 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Carl J. Futter, and commissioned on 9 May 1944.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-559 was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations. She participated in the capture and occupation of the southern Palau Islands in September and October 1944. She then took part in the Philippines campaign, participating in the Leyte landings in October and November 1944 and invasion of at Lingayen Gulf in January 1945. She then participated in the assault on and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April 1945.
Following the war, LST-559 performed occupation duty in the Far East and service in China until mid-May 1946.

## Decommissioning and disposal

LST-559 was decommissioned on 1 June 1946 at Naval Station Subic Bay on Luzon in the Philippines. She stricken from the Navy List on 19 June 1946. On 5 December 1947, she was sold to Bosey in the Philippines, where her hulk was sunk to extend the breakwater in Subic Bay.

## Honors and awards

LST-559 earned four battle stars for her World War II service.
# Du Jincai

Du Jincai (Chinese: 杜金才; pinyin: Dù Jīncái; born October 1952) is a retired general (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army who served as Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission. He was also Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), and a member of the CCDI Standing Committee.

## Biography

Du was born in Jing County, Hebei. He joined the military in 1970. He later served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Xinjiang Military Region, then promoted to the same position in the Lanzhou Military Region (one level higher). In July 2005 he became the political commissar of the 21st Group Army (under the Beijing Military Region) of the PLA. In December 2006, he became the head of the Political Department of the Chengdu Military Region, and a year later was named assistant to the chief of the Political Work Department. In December 2009, was he further promoted to deputy director of the General Political Department. He was awarded the rank of General in July 2012.
Du earned a series of promotions at the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, becoming the head of discipline inspection in the military, overseeing the army's anti-corruption efforts, and concurrently the Deputy Secretary of the CCDI.
Du was a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
# New England Informer

The N. E. Informer (formerly the New England Informer) is an American monthly news magazine that serves the African American community, based in Massachusetts. It was founded in 2000, but folded shortly thereafter and was relaunched in 2006 by Doreen Wade.
Wade, who was nominated for Massachusetts Small Business Person of the Year in 2013 by the Small Business Administration, acts as publisher and CEO of the paper. She is also the founder of Salem United, a group seeking to preserve and restore the Salem Willows Black Picnic.
The paper seeks to publish information that will "uplift, educate and inform" communities of color. The news magazine's print edition was distributed when the Democratic National Convention was in Boston in 2004 which gave the Informer a much wider readership.
# As the Bell Rings (Japanese TV series)

The Yasumi Jikan (Japanese: ザ・休み時間, The Break Time) is the Japanese version of As the Bell Rings. It is a Japanese adaptation of the Disney Channel Italy Original Series Quelli dell' Intervallo.

## Characters

* Rica (Yuko Takayam)
* Yūta (Kosei Mizuta)
* Karen (Ai Hasegawa)
* Kazuyo (Marika Fukunaga)
* Akira (Aoi Nakamura)
* Jirō (Sota Maeda)
# Mohammad Ramdhan Pomanto

Mohammad Ramdhan Pomanto, also known as Danny Pomanto, (born 30 January 1964) is an Indonesian politician who served as the mayor of Makassar, the fourth largest extended metropolitan area in Indonesia, between 2014-2019 and 2021-2025
Pomanto is a graduate of the faculty of engineering at Hasanuddin University, where he also served as a lecturer prior to holding office. He has developed over six hundred architectural designs in over seventy cities and regencies. He was elected as Mayor of Makassar following local elections in 2013, where he won 31.18% of the votes (182,484 votes). He tried to run for a second term in the 2018 election, but his candidacy was disputed and he was declared ineligible to run, with his competitor Munafri Arifuddin facing and losing to an empty ballot.
He ran again in 2020 with the support of Nasdem Party and Gerindra Party, and won a second term after securing 41.3% of votes.