OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sven G. Eliassen

Sven Gøran Eliassen (born 1944) is a Norwegian historian.
He was born in Gothenburg, and took the cand.philol. degree at the University of Oslo in 1973 with the paper Hafslund hovedgård og sagbruk. Oversikt over Hafslunds historie i tiden ca. 1600-1786. He was hired at Borgarsyssel Museum in 1972, and became the director of that museum in 1984. He specializes in the history of Østfold, and publications include Tune 1537-1800 (1978), Rolvsøy 1500-1994 (1994), Herregårder i Østfold (1997) and Halden: Byen, landskapet og menneskene (2000). He contributed to the work Østfolds historie, writing volume three, Små len—ett amt (released 2004). He also co-wrote volume two, I Borgarsysle (released 2005), with Per G. Norseng.
He resides in Halden.
# Papercut (Zedd song)

"Papercut" is a song by German DJ and record producer Zedd from his second studio album, True Colors which features vocals from Australian singer-songwriter Troye Sivan. It was written by Zedd, Julia Michaels, Sam Martin, Lindy Robbins, Jason Evigan and Austin Paul Flores and produced by Zedd. It was released as the third single on July 17, 2015.

## Background

In an interview Zedd said: "I thought "Papercut" would probably be my least favorite song, actually, because it's so long and it's not very catchy. It's unconventional and has this long dip in the middle, which to me is like the movie moment where you close your eyes and see Inception or Interstellar. I love that kind of stuff but I thought people wouldn't."
"Papercut" was premiered at Zedd's True Colors Experience on 10 May 2015 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The listening session was held in Fonthill Castle, chosen to reflect the cinematic nature of the song.
Sivan revealed in a YouTube video on 29 June 2015 that he and Zedd didn't meet each other at all to do the song: "I just went into the studio one day and recorded the vocal and left...and that was it."
On 17 July 2015, Zedd uploaded the song audio onto his Vevo account, featuring an updated single cover. The song was chosen over "Bumble Bee" as the third single on his LP.

## Critical reception

The song has received positive reviews from critics, who praised Sivan's vocals on the track. Nic Kelly from Project U wrote, "At the start, "Papercut" sounds like it could be a ballad. Then it sounds like it could be in Frozen. Then the beat kicks and Troye starts singing and it's exceptionally amazing," and said Sivan is "the perfect vocalist for this." Chris Haigh, from Pop Insomniacs, called the track a "highlight of the album" and "an impressive slice of house-pop helmed by Sivan's promising vocals". Glenn Gamboa, from Newsday, said the track is "a fascinating suite of synth-pop".

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Papercut" (featuring Troye Sivan) – 7:23
* Grey Remix
* "Papercut" (featuring Troye Sivan) (Grey Remix) – 3:34

## Charts

Chart performance for "Papercut" :
| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 93 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 31 |
# Visa vid vindens ängar

Visa vid vindens ängar is the third studio album by the Belarusian-Norwegian artist Alexander Rybak, released on 15 June 2011 in Norway. It peaked at No. 7 on the Norwegian Albums Chart.

## Singles

* "Resan till dig" was the first single from the album released on 8 June 2011 as a digital download in Norway.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Norwegian Albums Chart | 7 |
| Swedish Albums Chart | 40 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format |
| Norway | 15 June 2011 | Digital download |
# The Nash & Cibinic Report

The Nash & Cibinic Report is a monthly report providing opinion and advice on current United States government contract issues. The first issue appeared in January 1987. The report is published monthly by West Publishing Company. It was founded and written by John Cibinic Jr. and Ralph Nash.
# Commemorative banknotes of Pakistan

Commemorative banknotes of Pakistani Rupee are issued by the State Bank of Pakistan. The green coloured 75-rupee banknote was issued on 17th August 2022 on the 75th Independence Anniversary of Pakistan. Another blue coloured note was released nearly a year later in July to commemorate the 75th Anniversary of State Bank of Pakistan.

## Pakistan's 75th independence commemoration note

The 75-rupee Independence commemorative banknote was introduced by the State Bank of Pakistan on August 14, 2022, to commemorate 75 years of Pakistan's independence. This release marked the second commemorative banknote issued by the State Bank of Pakistan, following the golden jubilee banknote issued in 1997 to celebrate 50 years of independence.

### Design
#### Obverse

The note features a green and white design with tones of yellow and prominently displays portraits of Pakistan’s key historical figures: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Fatima Jinnah, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, and Syed Ahmad Khan on the front or obverse. These images symbolize the "determination" and "sacrifices" of these "iconic" personalities in the struggle for Pakistan’s independence.

#### Reverse

On the back, there's a scene with Deodar (Cedrus Deodara) trees and the national animal, the Markhor. This design which is created by illustrator Sara Khan.

#### Security features

The Rs 75 commemorative note is equipped with similar security features as with the other currency notes. These include the Urdu numeral '75' which appears complete when the note is held in the light, Pure Image security thread with pulsing holographic rainbow effect and micro-lettering of 'SBP' and '75', among others. Moreover, the portraits and numbers on the note have raised printing, allowing identification of the banknote by the visually impaired.

## State Bank of Pakistan anniversary commemorative note

On July 4, 2023, State Bank of Pakistan Governor Jameel Ahmad introduced another commemorative Rs.75 banknote to celebrate the central bank's 75th anniversary.

### Design
#### Obverse

The predominantly blue banknote, chosen to convey the stability of a central bank, features a stylized sketch of the state bank building by Syed Sadequain Ahmed Naqvi. This sketch appears alongside the traditional portrait of Quaid-e-Azam on the front.

#### Reverse

The back of the banknote reflects the state bank's commitment to "banking on equality," featuring a portrait of Fatima Jinnah. It also underscores Pakistan's dedication to combating climate change, showcasing sustainable energy sources like wind turbines and solar panels.
# The New England Magazine

The New England Magazine was a monthly literary magazine published in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1884 to 1917. It was known as The Bay State Monthly from 1884 to 1886.
The magazine was published by J. N. McClinctock and Company.
The magazine has no connection to the 1830s publication The New-England Magazine.
# The New International Review

The New International Review was a quarterly journal of democratic socialist theory and analysis published from 1977 to 1989. Its founding editor was Eric Lee.
The journal was initially published in the USA and moved to Israel in 1981.
It featured original articles, book reviews, and new translations and reprints aimed at reviving certain a democratic socialist, anti-Stalinist tradition. These included articles by and about the Menshevik Julian Martov, Karl Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg, Max Shachtman and others.
Its name was based on two earlier American socialist journals—The New International, published by Shachtman and his groups (the Workers Party, the Independent Socialist League) and the International Review, published in the 1930s by independent leftists who were critical of Bolshevism—among them "Integer", the pen name of Herman Jerson.
The review struggled throughout its history to make ends meet, and never had more than 500 paying subscribers. It came out at best twice a year in the 1980s and folded just as the Stalinist regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union were collapsing.
Several of the individuals involved with the review have come together decades later in the LabourStart project.
# River City Gang

River City Gang is an American country music group and songwriting team founded in Richmond, Virginia. Since its creation, River City Gang has been composed of three members: Sam Hayes (lead vocals), Brian S. Friedman (guitar, vocals) and David Phoenix Karns (Bass Guitar, vocals).

## History

River City Gang is a group of musicians, producers, and music industry pros with ties to Richmond, Virginia, a.k.a. the River City. The project began in early 2007, when a fellow music supervisor asked Brian to submit songs to another country music trio for a new album. Brian had been working 10+ years in Los Angeles as a music editor and composer for MTV and movies. Rick had been managing and developing artists while assisting Brian composing for television and film. Brian and Rick are BMI award winning song writers having recorded and composed television theme songs including the theme to MTV's "Punk'd" and "Making the Video"
Brian called his brother Rick to discuss demoing a few songs from their music library. Although Brian was in Los Angeles, and Rick was in Virginia, through technology they were able to cut tracks in both places and simultaneously share info. Once all the music tracks were cut, it was time to record vocals. However, Brian had caught a cold and the brothers were under deadline. They needed someone to cut vocals and someone fast. A few years back, the brothers had worked with Kyle Davis, a singer-songwriter who had released recordings on Virgin Records, Universal, and Windmark. Kyle was a seasoned professional, performing 200+ shows a year. "The Brothers Friedman" as they are referred to in the LA TV World, began thinking of vocalists. They immediately both thought of Kyle. Kyle was an old friend, and they knew he could get the job done. Rick called Kyle who agreed to cut the vocals. The tracks turned out so good, that the trio decided not to even submit the songs to another group, but to keep them for a new a project that would rekindle their love of performing.
Within a few weeks, Brian flew back to Richmond, for a songwriting session. Brian recalls, "I knew we had captured magic the minute we started writing together. Kyle’s Folk and country background totally complemented our country and rock edge."
The band began 2009 opening for Lynyrd Skynyrd on January 2, 2009, at ODU's Ted Constant Convocation Center.

### Debut album

* Volume One Ltd (2008)
# USS Cassia County

USS Cassia County (LST-527) was an LST-491-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Cassia County, Idaho, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. USS Cassia County is recognized for service in World War II during the Invasion of Normandy, and in the Korean War.

## Construction

In 1938, the Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Company was founded in Jeffersonville, Indiana, and later took over orders in a shipyard leased to the company by the US Navy in 1942. From this point, Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Co. became a supplier of Navy and military ships; particularly the Landing Ship Tank during World War II. LST-527 was laid down on 23 October 1943, meaning that construction on the ship's foundation officially began on this date. By 3 January 1944 LST-527 was launched, making her way to water.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-527 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Invasion of Normandy from 6–25 June 1944. The role of tank landing ships was to drop off supplies, vehicles, and troops to shores without a docking site. LST-527 was decommissioned on 28 February 1945 as World War II neared its end.
As a result of hostilities in Korea, LST-527 was recommissioned on 21 September 1950. She participated in two campaigns during the Korean War; the Second Korean Winter on 11–12 January 1952 and 21–28 February 1952, and the Korean Summer-Fall on 7–17 May 1953, 29 May – 11 June 1953, 16–17 June 1953, and 27 July 1953. The vessel was renamed Cassia County (LST-527) on 1 July 1955.
She was decommissioned for the last time on 21 December 1956, and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1958. Cassia County earned one battle star for World War II service and two battle stars for Korean service. Cassia County was sunk as a target on 3 March 1959.
# 1942 NFL Championship Game

The 1942 NFL Championship Game was the tenth title game of the National Football League (NFL), played at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C., on December 13, with a sellout capacity attendance of 36,006.
It matched the undefeated Western Division champion Chicago Bears (11–0) and the Eastern Division champion Washington Redskins (10–1). The Bears were co-coached by Hunk Anderson and Luke Johnsos (after George Halas had entered the U.S. Navy) and led on the field by quarterback Sid Luckman. The Redskins were led by head coach Ray Flaherty and quarterback Sammy Baugh.
Chicago had won easily in the summer exhibition game with Washington, but the teams had not met during the 1942 regular season. The Bears were aiming for their third consecutive league title and were favored by three touchdowns, but were upset 14–6 by the home underdog Redskins.
Tickets were sold out three weeks in advance, and some were being resold for up to fifty dollars.
This was the second and final NFL title game played at Griffith Stadium and in the city of Washington. The two teams met on the same site two years earlier with a very different result, as the visiting Bears won in a 73–0 rout.

## Scoring summary

Sunday, December 13, 1942 Kickoff: 2 p.m. EWT (EDT)
* First quarter
** no scoring
* Second quarter
** CHI – Lee Artoe, 52-yard fumble return (kick failed), 6–0 CHI
** WAS – Wilbur Moore, 39-yard pass from Baugh (Bob Masterson kick), 7–6 WAS
* Third quarter
** WAS – Andy Farkas, 1-yard run (Masterson kick), 14–6 WAS
* Fourth quarter
** no scoring
Source:

## Officials

* Referee: Ronald Gibbs
* Umpire: Carl Brubaker
* Head Linesman: Charlie Berry
* Field Judge: Chuck Sweeney
The NFL had only four game officials in 1942; the back judge was added in 1947, the line judge in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.

## Players' shares

The gate receipts from the sellout were over $113,000, a record, and each Redskin player received about $976 while each Bear saw about $639.

## Next year

At the time, an owners' winter meeting and the annual draft of college players was held around the title game. A year into World War II for the United States and with much of the talent in or entering the military, the meeting focused on whether or not to operate the league in 1943; the decision was to continue, with the 1943 NFL draft postponed until April.
# MS Tor Hollandia

MS Tor Hollandia was built in 1966 and launched and christened by Godother Huck Van Rietscoten. She was introduced on the Tor Line service from Immingham to Amsterdam and Gothenburg. She was operated under three additional names (Ariadne, Ouranos, and F Diamond), before being sold for scrap in 2010.

## Description

The ship was built as yard number 559 by Lübecker Flender-Werke Lübeck, West Germany. She was 138.00 metres (452 ft 9 in) with a beam of 21.50 metres (70 ft 6 in) and a draught of 5.50 metres (18 ft 1 in). She was powered by a Pielstick 12PC2V-400 diesel engine of 18,390 kilowatts (24,660 hp) which drove a single screw propeller. It could propel the ship at 24.0 knots (44.4 km/h; 27.6 mph).
As built, she could carry 980 passengers and had 472 cabins. She could carry 300 cars.

## History

Tor Hollandia was launched on 12 November 1966 by Huck van Rietschoten, her sponsor. She was delivered to Tor Line on 12 April 1967. Her port of registry was Gothenburg, Sweden and the IMO Number 6704402 was allocated. She entered service on 17 April 1967 providing passenger service between Immingham, United Kingdom, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Gothenburg, Sweden. In 1975 she was due to be sold to an Arab shipping company with which Tor Line would co-operate. She was to have been called Saudi Moon and operate between Jeddah and Suez. However, the negotiations dragged on over time and a Greek shipping company, Minoan Lines became interested and bought her in October 1975. She was renamed Ariadne. She was reflagged to Greece, with Heraklion as her port of registry. Under this new career she served for the next 24 years sailing on almost all of Minoan's routes. In 1991, she was rebuilt to provide more cabin space. After rebuilding she was assessed at 11,621 GT and 2,250 DWT. She could carry 1,620 passengers in 556 cabins, and could carry 280 cars. In 1997, she was chartered by the General National Maritime Co., Tripoli, Libya for service between Tripoli and Valletta, Malta.
In 1999, Ariadne was sold to Fragmar Shipping Co., Valletta, Malta. She was reflagged to Malta, and renamed Ouranos, entering service on the Corfu, Greece - Brindisi, Italy route. In January 2001, Ouranos was sold to F Lines Inc, Majuro, Marshall Islands. She was renamed F Diamond on 16 February 2001, but her registry remained with Malta.
A late nickname for the ship was "Black Diamond", after it was painted black. The ship served as a party ship in Genoa after it was detained there for eight days on 9 October 2008, after inspection found 21 deficiencies; the party ship use caused local controversy. In June 2010, F Diamond was sold by auction to Cemsan Gemi Sokum, Aliağa, Turkey, which planned to use her as a floating hotel. She was sold in September 2010 to Turkish shipbreakers and was renamed Diamond. She arrived at the shipbreakers on 11 September.
# Conrad Schirokauer

Conrad Schirokauer (Leipzig, April 29, 1929-Cleveland, Ohio, September 19, 2018), was a German-American historian and writer. His father, Arno Schirokauer, was a German-Jewish literary scholar and philologist.
Schirokauer's family left Germany when he was six years old, in flight from the Nazi regime, and, after three years in Italy, eventually migrated to the United States where they settled in Tennessee in 1938, and eventually moved to Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated high school from Williston Academy in 1946 as the valedictorian.
He completed his Bachelor of Arts in history at Yale College in 1950 and his PhD in history at Stanford University in 1960 with a dissertation on 12th century Chinese political thought. From 1962 to 1991, he taught history, first as an assistant professor, then as an associate and from 1977 as full professor, at the City College of New York. He specialized in East Asian historiography, particularly Chinese and Japanese history.
Conrad Schirokauer married Lore Strich in November 1956. They had met as children in Italy in the mid-thirties.
# Masaki Kashiwara

Masaki Kashiwara (柏原 正樹, Kashiwara Masaki, born January 30, 1947 in Yūki, Ibaraki) is a Japanese mathematician. He was a student of Mikio Sato at the University of Tokyo. Kashiwara made leading contributions towards algebraic analysis, microlocal analysis, D-module theory, Hodge theory, sheaf theory and representation theory.
Kashiwara and Sato established the foundations of the theory of systems of linear partial differential equations with analytic coefficients, introducing a cohomological approach that follows the spirit of Grothendieck's theory of schemes. Bernstein introduced a similar approach in the polynomial coefficients case. Kashiwara's master thesis states the foundations of D-module theory. His PhD thesis proves the rationality of the roots of b-functions (Bernstein–Sato polynomials), using D-module theory and resolution of singularities. He was a plenary speaker at International Congress of Mathematicians, 1978, Helsinki and an invited speaker, 1990, Kyoto.
He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and of the Japan Academy.

## Concepts and Theorems named after Kashiwara

* Kashiwara constructibility theorem
* Kashiwara index theorem
* Kashiwara–Malgrange filtration (after Kashiwara and Bernard Malgrange)
* Cauchy-Kowalevsky-Kashiwara theorem (after Kashiwara, Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Sofya Kovalevskaya )
* Kashiwara operators
* Kashiwara crystal basis

## List of books available in English

* Seminar on micro-local analysis, by Victor Guillemin, Masaki Kashiwara, and Takahiro Kawai (1979), ISBN 978-0-691-08232-5
* Systems of microdifferential equations, by Masaki Kashiwara; notes and translation by Teresa Monteiro Fernandes; introduction by Jean-Luc Brylinski (1983), ISBN 978-0-8176-3138-3
* Introduction to microlocal analysis, by Masaki Kashiwara (1986)
* Foundations of algebraic analysis, by Masaki Kashiwara, Takahiro Kawai, and Tatsuo Kimura; translated by Goro Kato (1986), ISBN 978-0-691-08413-8
* Algebraic analysis : papers dedicated to Professor Mikio Sato on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, edited by Masaki Kashiwara, Takahiro Kawai (1988), ISBN 978-0-12-400466-5
* Sheaves on manifolds : with a short history <Les débuts de la théorie des faisceaux> by Christian Houzel, by Masaki Kashiwara, Pierre Schapira (1990), ISBN 978-3-540-51861-7
* Topological field theory, primitive forms and related topics, by Masaki Kashiwara et al.(1998), ISBN 978-0-8176-3975-4
* Physical combinatorics, Masaki Kashiwara, Tetsuji Miwa, editors (2000), ISBN 978-1-4612-7121-5
* MathPhys Odyssey 2001: integrable models and beyond: in honor of Barry M. McCoy, Masaki Kashiwara, Tetsuji Miwa, editors (2002), ISBN 978-0-8176-4260-0
* D-modules and microlocal calculus, Masaki Kashiwara; translated by Mutsumi Saito (2003), ISBN 978-0-8218-2766-6
* Categories and sheaves, Masaki Kashiwara and Pierre Schapira (2006), ISBN 978-3-540-27949-5

## List of books available in French

* Bases cristallines des groupes quantiques, by Masaki Kashiwara (rédigé par Charles Cochet); Cours Spécialisés 9 (2002), viii+115 pages, ISBN 978-2-85629-126-9
# Martin Christian Luther

Martin Christian Luther (26 April 1883 Tallinn – 12 March 1963 München) was an Estonians entrepreneur and politician. He was a member of II Riigikogu. On 27 September 1923, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Max Bock.