# El Borma

El Borma (Arabic: اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ) is a town and commune, which is coextensive with El Borma District, in Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 3,250, up from 1,997 in 1998 and an annual population growth rate of 4.9%, the second highest in the province. The town is located on the border with Tataouine Governorate, Tunisia.

## Geography

El Borma is located amidst the vast sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental in eastern Algeria. The location is notable for its underground petroleum reservoirs.

## Climate

El Borma has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The climate is similar to the one of Ouargla. Daytime temperatures are soaring during summer months as they consistently turn around 45 °C (113 °F) between June and September.
Climate data for El Borma (1981–2010, extremes 1969–2017) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) | 35.8 (96.4) | 38.7 (101.7) | 43.6 (110.5) | 45.5 (113.9) | 48.5 (119.3) | 50.1 (122.2) | 48.4 (119.1) | 46.0 (114.8) | 41.0 (105.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 31.0 (87.8) | 50.1 (122.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 38.9 (102.0) | 40.8 (105.4) | 40.5 (104.9) | 36.4 (97.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 17.8 (64.0) | 29.3 (84.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 26.6 (79.9) | 30.8 (87.4) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.9 (91.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 23.7 (74.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 11.4 (52.5) | 22.1 (71.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.7 (76.5) | 22.1 (71.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.3 (50.5) | 5.6 (42.1) | 15.0 (58.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) | −3.1 (26.4) | −0.2 (31.6) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | −5.2 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.3 (0.25) | 4.2 (0.17) | 10.3 (0.41) | 4.5 (0.18) | 5.3 (0.21) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.00) | 2.2 (0.09) | 9.2 (0.36) | 3.8 (0.15) | 4.9 (0.19) | 51.5 (2.04) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 8.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 53 | 49 | 41 | 37 | 34 | 32 | 36 | 44 | 49 | 58 | 63 | 46 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 221.3 | 225.0 | 261.4 | 251.7 | 297.2 | 321.6 | 339.0 | 349.7 | 263.8 | 261.9 | 228.7 | 221.3 | 3,242.6 |
| Source: Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity 1961–1990, sun 1981-2010) ||||||||||||||

## Economy

El Borma's economy is supported by the petroleum industry, due to the oil fields in the area. Grazing is also significant, although limited because of the marginal plant life in the area. Agriculture is currently unfeasible due to the lack of sufficient water supplies.

## Transportation

El Borma is an isolated town, with no significant settlements or major roads nearby. A local road leads west to Hassi Messaoud about 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the west, and branches off to the south, reaching Ghadames in Libya and Debdeb in Illizi Province about 180 kilometres (110 mi) to the south.
The town is served by El Borma Airport.

## Education

1.6% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 3.5% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 42.6%, and is 54.7% among males and 28.5% among females. All three rates are the lowest in the province.

## Localities

The commune is composed of eight localities:
* El Borma
* Rhoud El Baguel
* El Masder
* Bordj Saïf Fatima
* Bordj Bir El Djedid
* Bordj Bir Larache
* Keskassa
* Erg Yagoub