# GE Evolution Series

The Evolution Series is a line of diesel locomotives built by GE Transportation Systems (now owned by Wabtec), initially designed to meet the U.S. EPA's Tier 2 locomotive emissions standards that took effect in 2005. The line is the direct successor to the GE Dash 9 Series. The first pre-production units were built in 2003. Evolution Series locomotives are equipped with either AC or DC traction motors, depending on the customer's preference. All are powered by the GE GEVO engine.
The Evolution Series was named as one of the "10 Locomotives That Changed Railroading" by Trains Magazine and was the only locomotive series introduced after 1972 to be included in that list.
The Evolution Series locomotives are some of the best-selling and most successful freight locomotives in United States history.
These locomotives are equipped with Nathan Airchime K5HL horns, with the reversed 2 configuration, making a K5HLR2. The horns are mounted backwards with the 2 bell only facing forward and the 4 bells facing back. All of the locomotives use these horns, except for the ET23DCM and international locomotives.

## Models

Currently, six different Evolution Series models (seven including rebuilds), have been produced for the North American market. They are all six-axle locomotives and have AAR wheel arrangement C-C (UIC classification Co′Co′), except for the ES44C4 and ET44C4 which uses the AAR A1A-A1A wheel arrangement and the meter-gauge version developed for the Brazilian network ES43BBi which is AAR B-B-B-B.

### ES40DC (2004–2008)

The ES40DC (Evolution Series, 4,000 hp, DC traction) replaced the Dash 9-40CW model in the General Electric catalogue and, like the former model, was delivered exclusively to Norfolk Southern Railway. ES44DCs owned by CSX Transportation were also given this designation in 2009 after being de-rated to 4,000 hp (3,000 kW). However, high-horsepower demand on Norfolk Southern made a mandatory repowering of several ES40DC engines into their former ES44DC power.

### ES44DC (2005–2010)

The ES44DC (Evolution Series, 4,400 hp, DC traction) replaced the Dash 9-44CW model in the General Electric catalogue. Primary users are BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, and Canadian National Railway. Pilbara Iron in Australia ordered a lengthened, international version designated ES44DCi. The extra length is used for a larger radiator to increase cooling capacity in the Australian outback.

### ES44AC (2003–present)

The ES44AC (Evolution Series, 4,400 hp, AC traction) replaced the AC4400CW model in the General Electric catalogue. These locomotives have been ordered by every Class I railroad in North America: Union Pacific Railroad (who refers to these locomotives as the C45ACCTE), BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, Ferromex, CPKC Railway, and Canadian National Railway.
Union Pacific also bought the heavy ballasted variation of this model, the ES44AH, and refers to it as the C45AH. UP also uses this designation to refer to their ET44AH units.
CSX Transportation has bought these locomotives and they were always heavy ballasted, so they called these the ES44AH. The first set was 700-999, which was built from 2007-2011. Beginning 2023, CSX has repainted and renumbered the 3000 series locomotives to heritage units. The first heritage, 1827, was painted into Baltimore & Ohio and renumbered from 3059 on May 11, 2023.
BNSF Railway purchased 25 ES44AC locomotives in 2023, and they are all classified as ES44ACH. They were built between August and September of 2023 and were built concurrently with the ET44ACH. The numbers were 3282-3306, which officially ended the production of the ES44C4 in 2020. These units are Tier 4 credit units. In 2024, BNSF has bought 25 more ES44ACH locomotives, which are numbered from 3307-3331. These locomotives weigh 436,320 lbs.

### ES44C4 (2009–2020)

The ES44C4 (Evolution Series, 4,400 hp, C to denote 3 axles per truck, 4 traction motors) was introduced in 2009. While similar to the ES44AC, the ES44C4 has two traction motors per truck, instead of the conventional three such as on the ES44AC. No ES44C4s with DC traction were built. The center axle of each truck is unpowered, giving an A1A-A1A wheel arrangement. BNSF Railway is the launch customer for this model, ordering an initial batch of 25 units numbered 6600–6624. The ES44C4 was initially only built for BNSF. The 4200s and units 7921-7999 are certified as Tier 4 Credit units, while the others are Tier 2 or Tier 3. On 30 January 2014 Florida East Coast Railway announced that they would buy 24 ES44C4s, to be numbered 800–823, for heavy haul service and intermodal traffic. All were delivered by the end of 2014, in order to beat the EPA's deadline on exhaust-emissions standards for new-built Tier 3 locomotives.
A feature of these units is a variable traction control system in their computer systems. One of the differences between an ES44AC and an ES44C4 is the air cylinders and linkages on the truck sideframes of the ES44C4; these are part of the traction control system. Every time a variation in grade, traction, or wheel slip occurs, the computer adjusts the pressure in these cylinders to maintain sufficient adhesion, by varying the weight on the drive axles.

### ES44DCi/ES44ACi

The ES44DCi (Evolution Series, 4400 horsepower, DC traction, international version) was built for the Rio Tinto railway in Australia. The ES44ACi was built for the Roy Hill and Rio Tinto Group.
The ES44ACi/DCi is essentially an ES44AC/DC in a GE AC6000CW's body, with the radiator at the end protruding out over the rear deck in the same way the AC6000CW does. The locomotive's large radiator allows it to handle the Australian outback's extreme temperatures.
Roy Hill has ordered 21 ES44ACi locomotives, and is currently in possession of all 21 locomotives (numbered 1001 "Ginny"-1021). Rio Tinto ordered 100 ES44DCi locomotives and has all 100 (numbered 8100–8199) and 21 ES44ACi locomotives (numbered 9100–9120) and more are on order. Rio Tinto's units can be remotely driven, meaning nobody has to be in the cab as they can be controlled from a control center.
Ferromex also acquired 50 ES44ACi. As the construction of these locomotives was subsequent to the new environmental laws of the US, GE cataloged them only as ES44ACi, although in the external technical specifications of the locomotives say ES44AC). These locomotives can no longer reenter the US operating.
In Brazil, the Rumo, Suzano and MRS Logística railways purchased 25 units, manufactured at Wabtec of Brazil with broad-gauge trucks.

### ET44AC/ET44C4 (2012–present)

The ET44AC (Evolution Series Tier 4, 4,400 hp, AC traction) replaces the ES44AC model. These locomotives have been ordered by every US and Canadian Class I railroad, including BNSF Railway, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern, and Union Pacific. BNSF also ordered similar ET44C4 locomotives, which have a dynamic weight management system instead of a traction motor on the middle axle of each truck. UP and CSX designate their ET44ACs as ET44AH although UP calls these C45AH, and BNSF calling them ET44ACH as their locomotives are ballasted to 436,320lbs.

### ET23DCM (2023–present)

The ET23DCM (Evolution Series Tier 4, 2350 hp, DC traction), sometimes called the SD23T4, is a modernized locomotive using EMD's SD40-2 platform and the Wabtec Inline 6-cylinder Tier 4 diesel engine. CSX Transportation ordered 15 of these locomotives, with most being built at their Huntington Heavy Repair Shop. Wabtec also built one locomotive as a demonstrator from ex-NS SD40-2 3259.

### TE33A

The TE33A is an export 1520 mm gauge locomotive in the GE Evolution Series.

### 3TE25K2M

The 3TE25K2M is an export 1520mm gauge locomotive in the GE Evolution Series for Russian Railways.

## Identifying features

The Evolution Series locomotives are visually similar to the AC4400CW and GE Dash 9 Series, although small differences are evident. The most noticeable difference is the radiator section at the rear of the locomotive is larger to accommodate the GEVO's air-to-air intercoolers. As with the AC6000CW, the radiators project beyond the end of the hood. On the ES44ACi and ES44DCi models, the radiator extends in the same way as the AC6000CW, protruding out over the rear deck. For the other Evolution Series locomotives, the radiator does not protrude completely over the rear deck, but rather sits nearly flush with the rear of the engine hood. Unlike previous GE locomotives, the grills under the radiator are at two different angles. The increase in radiator size is due to the necessity for greater cooling capacity in the locomotive in order to reduce emissions. The other major difference between the Evolution Series and earlier models is the vents below the radiators, which are larger than those on previous GE locomotives. Also, all Evolution Series units have air conditioners mounted below the cab on the conductor's side.

## Operators

| Railroad | Qty. | Road Numbers | Notes |
| ES40DC ||||
| CSX Transportation | 302 | 5200–5501 | Built as ES44DC units but were downgraded by 2010. 5306, 5411, and 5488 were wrecked and retired. CSXT 5500 lettered "Spirit of Cincinnati" Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. |
| ES44DC ||||
| BNSF | 721 | 7200–7920 | Built between 2005 and 2010. 7650-7743 are painted in Heritage II (H2), except for 7687 and 7701 that are in Heritage III (H3). Few of these are getting repainted into H3. The rest of the ES44DC's are in H3. 7695 is painted in the Golden Swoosh scheme using H3. 7514, 7553, 7673, 7838, and 7847 were wrecked and retired. 7814 and 7907 were repaired after train collisions. |
| Canadian National | 125 | 2220–2344 | N/A |
| GE Transportation | 1 | 2011 | N/A |
| Norfolk Southern | 219 | 7500–7719 | Unit 7530 wrecked and was retired. Units were uprated from 4,000 to 4,400 HP in 2014. 7500-7514 are preproduction units, renumbered from 9912-9926 due to the C40-9W units. |
| ES44AC ||||
| ArcelorMittal, operated by Cartier Railway | 2 | 301–302 | Built 2010. |
| BNSF | 765 | 5718–5747 | Built between October 2003 and April 2004, these are pre-production units. They are classified AC4400EV. |
| BNSF | 765 | 5748–5837 | Built 2005. |
| BNSF | 765 | 5844–6438 | Built between 2005 and 2009, BNSF 5942 was wrecked at Cactus, Texas in October 2006, but was rebuilt in 2009. 5958 was wrecked and retired in December 2013 while 6348 was wrecked and retired in 2019. 5774 was wrecked in Garza County, TX in October 2023 and retired. 5828, 5869, 5872, 6017, 6022, 6075, 6078, 6111, 6163, and 6179 were painted into BNSF's 25th anniversary stickers scheme in 2020 that celebrates 25 years of BNSF Railway as it started in 1995 from two railroads, BN and ATSF. |
| BNSF | 765 | 3282-3331 | Tier 4 credit units. Ballasted to 436,320 lb, and classified ES44ACH. |
| Canadian National | 435 | 2750-2796, 2800–2999, 3800–3987 | 2800–2975 were built 2012 through 2015. The first 2015 order (2951–2975) was built to Tier 3 standards but after the Tier 4 cutoff date and therefore are restricted to operation in Canada only. More Tier 4-compliant ET44AC's were on order for 2015 delivery, with the first two, CN 3002 and 3004, entering service on 6 August 2015. 8 additional Tier 4 units (2976–2983) were built in 2016–2017. 2984–2999 and 3800–3805 built in late 2017. 3806–3835 built in 2018 and 3836–3875 built in 2018–2019. 2750-2796 and 3913–3987 are ex-CREX units. 2792-2796, 2976-2999, 3800-3912, and 3970-3987 are Tier 4 Credit units. |
| Canadian Pacific Kansas City | 561 | 8700–8960, 9350–9379 4650–4919 | 4700 was wrecked and retired. 4805 and 9375 are painted in the new CPKC corporate paint scheme. |
| Cerrejón | 4 | 10015–10018 | |
| Citicorp Railmark Inc. (Citirail) CREX | 15 | 1201–1215 | Delivered in December 2012. Some sold to Canadian National. |
| Citicorp Railmark Inc. (Citirail) CREX | 50 | 1301–1350 | Delivered in late 2013. Some sold to Canadian National. 1331 was wrecked and retired. |
| Citicorp Railmark Inc. (Citirail) CREX | 35 | 1401–1435 | Delivered during summer 2014. Some sold to Canadian National. |
| Citicorp Railmark Inc. (Citirail) CREX | 25 | 1501—1525 | Delivered in December 2015, units are Tier 4 Credit units. Some sold to Canadian National. |
| Cemex | 1 | 81 | Built in March 2008 as an add-on to a CSXT order. |
| CSX Transportation | 550 | 700–999, 1776, 1827, 1834, 1836, 1850-1853, 1869, 1871, 1875, 1877, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1967, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1981, 1982, 3000-3048, 3070–3111, 3113-3249 | These are the ES44AH model equipped with high tractive effort. These were built between 2007 and 2015. 847, 963, and 3097 have been wrecked and retired. Three units have special names and paint schemes: 911 Spirit of Our First Responders, 3112 renumbered to 1776 Spirit of Our Armed Forces and 3194 Spirit of Our Law Enforcement. CSXT 3099 lettered "Spirit of West Springfield and Safety Train"; was officially destroyed in Chihuahua, Mexico in 2018 & retired. Units 3049-3069 have been renumbered to 1827, 1834, 1836, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1869, 1871, 1875, 1877, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1967, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1981, and 1982 respectively and are painted into various heritage paint schemes. 3175-3249 are Tier 4 credit units. |
| Ferromex | 100 | 4600–4699 | 4600-4659 built in 2006 at the GE plant in Erie, PA. 4660-4699 built in 2007 at the GE plant in Erie, PA. |
| Ferromex | 50 | 4800–4849 | Delivery started in June 2016. Units numbered 4800–4818 were built at the GE plant in Erie, PA. Units numbered 4819–4849 were built at the GE plant in Fort Worth, Texas. 4815 was wrecked and retired in 2018. 4838 also wrecked and retired. |
| Ferromex | 30 | 4850–4879 | The first units will be delivered in 2024 |
| Ferrosur | 23 | 4700–4722 | Painted in Ferromex colors. |
| GE Transportation | 1 | 2012 | Wears the same demonstration scheme as 2011, as well as GECX 2005 and UP 7605 (formerly). |
| GE Transportation | 1 | 2010 | This is an ES44AC-H prototype, and was rebuilt in 2007 as a hybrid from GECX ES44AC 2005. |
| GE Transportation | 1 | 3000 | Converted to operate on battery power, the unit was rebuilt from former NextFuel (liquid natural gas/diesel mixture) demonstrator ES44AC 3000. |
| Iowa Interstate Railroad | 20 | 500–519 | The first set of units, numbered 500-512, were delivered from 2008 to 2009, these are the first new units purchased by this railroad and were originally intended for CSX. The unit 513 was delivered in early 2010. It is painted in a Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad heritage scheme in honor of this Iowa Interstate predecessor. The units 514-516 were delivered in 2015. 516 is painted in a Rock Island inspired 30th anniversary paint scheme. The units 517-519 are Tier 4 Credit units. They were set for delivery in late 2019. |
| Norfolk Southern | 166 | 8000–8165 | Units 8025, 8098–8105 and 8114 were painted in schemes of predecessor railroads as part of Norfolk Southern's 30th anniversary. NS 8099 was wrecked in Pittsburgh, PA in December 2021, then it was rebuilt in 2023. |
| Norfolk Southern | 3 | 8166–8168 | These are Tier 4 Credit units, built concurrently with ET44AC's 3600–3646. |
| Norfolk Southern | 16 | 8169–8184 | These are Tier 4 Credit units. Unit 8175 wrecked in Pitcairn, PA in December 2021 and was later retired. |
| Sava Transportation (Savatran) SVTX | 3 | 1912, 1982, 1986 | Delivered February 2012, these units are numbered for the years that Penn State University won national college football championships. |
| Union Pacific | 5 | 5695–5699 | Built between January and February 2003, these are pre-production units and classified as C45ACCTE by UP. They have since been renumbered to 5348–5352. |
| Union Pacific | 938 | 2010, 5248–5347, 5353–5553, 7345–7468, 7470-7529, 7600–8051 | These are classified as C45ACCTE by UP. 5359, 5412, 5482, 7421, 7856, 7894, and 7914 were wrecked and retired. UP 2010, an ES44AC Boy Scouts of America tribute unit, was unveiled on 31 March 2010, in Houston, Texas to commemorate 100 years of Boy Scouts. The unit was renumbered from 7469. However, in early 2022 it was repainted into the Union Pacific lettered scheme after months of sitting in storage. It kept its number of 2010. In September 2010, UP 7400 was unveiled, featuring a pink ribbon on the side as a tribute to Susan G. Komen for the Cure. 7964 was the 5000th GE Evolution Series locomotive to be built at Erie, PA in June 2012. The banner was removed 4 years later in 2016. |
| Union Pacific | 296 | 2520–2569, 2740–2769, 8052–8267 | These are the ES44AH model, classified as C45AH by UP. These units are 432,000 lb (196,000 kg) compared to the ES-series standard 416,000 lb (189,000 kg), and are supplied with all required equipment and computer software to be classified as "AH" heavy units. UP's "AH" types are similar to CSXT's, except for their Hi-Ad trucks, and are designated C45AH's by U.P. 2520–2569 and 2740–2769 are Tier 4 Credit units. 2542 wrecked in Texarkana, TX in 2015 and retired. 8210 and 8245 were wrecked in 2024 and retired. |
| ES44C4 ||||
| BNSF | 1299 | 3250–3281, 4200–4299, 5533–5546, 6500–7199 | Built 2009–2020. 6943 was wrecked and retired. 4213 was wrecked in 2020 and repaired in 2022. 3250-3281, 4200-4299, and 5533-5546 are Tier 4 credit units. |
| BNSF | 1299 | 7921–8291 | Built 2013–2015. 8123 and 8153 were wrecked and retired. 7921-7999 are Tier 4 credit units. 8191 was repaired in 2020 after a train collision in 2016. |
| BNSF | 1299 | 8318–8399 | Built 2015. They are Tier 4 credit units. |
| Florida East Coast | 24 | 800–823 | Built between November and December 2014. All units have since been converted to use a combination of standard diesel fuel/liquid natural gas mixture, supplied from an external tender towed behind the locomotives. |
| ES44DCi/ES44ACi ||||
| Rio Tinto Group | 100 | 8100–8118, 8119–8199 | They ordered the locomotives for operation on their privately owned rail line, operated by Pilbara Iron. The ES44DCi uses the AC6000CW's longer frame to allow space for a heavy duty cooling system to cope with the hot desert environment that the locomotives operate in. Units 8100–8118 were delivered in a predominantly grey paint scheme, while units 8119–8199 feature additional red lettering and striping. |
| Rio Tinto Group | 49 | 9100–9148 | These units are numbered from 9100 onwards and more are on order. They are the ES44ACi and are painted in the Rio Tinto silver with red stripes and numerals. |
| Roy Hill | 28 | 1001–1028 | Took delivery of the first 14 out of a total order for 21 ES44ACis in January 2015. |
| ET44AC ||||
| BNSF | 50 | 3625-3674 | Ballasted to 436,320 lb. and classified as ET44ACH. |
| Canadian National | 296 | 3000–3295 | Units 3008, 3023, 3069, and 3115 repainted to commemorative heritage paint schemes. Units 3015 and 3233 painted into unique paint schemes commemorating veterans. Unit 3103 wrecked in 2017 and retired from roster. 3286-3295 were built in early 2023. 3009 wrecked in 2019 and retired. 3121-3132 are former GECX demonstrator units (2029, 2033-2043) that were rebuilt with new hoods. |
| CSX Transportation | 225 | 3250–3474 | These are the ET44AH model with HTE. 3440 lettered "Spirit of Ravenna" along with L&N and KSHC markings after attending the announcement of Kentucky Steam buying the Ravenna yard property from CSX. Units 3438 and 3374 wrecked in 2020 and retired. 3415 has the Georgia Railroad emblem. |
| Canadian Pacific Kansas City | 33 | 5000–5024, 7430-7437 | Delivery started in 2018-2019 for KCS. 7430-7437 are former GECX demonstrator units 7001-7008 and acquired in 2024. Those units were originally intended for a cancelled order for Baffinland Iron Mines located in Baffin Island, Canada. 170 more units on order. |
| GE Transportation | 27 | 2014, 2015, 2023, 2024, 2026, 2027, 2029, 2033-2044, 7001-7008 | These are demonstrator units. 2029, 2033-2043 were sold to CN. 2026 and 2027 were sold to NTEC. 7001-7008 were sold to Baffinland Iron Mines and later to CPKC. They were renumbered from units 2025, 2028, 2030-2032, 2020-2022 respectively. |
| Navajo Transitional Energy Co. | 2 | 2026-2027 | These are former GE demonstrator units of the same numbers with hoods modified to match the standard production units. |
| Norfolk Southern | 47 | 3600–3646 | 3633 wrecked in 2019 and retired in 2020. |
| Norfolk Southern | 34 | 3647–3680 | N/A |
| Union Pacific | 170 | 2570–2739 | These are the ET44AH model, classified as C45AH by UP. |
| ET44C4 ||||
| BNSF | 311 | 3675-3706, 3721–3999 | Built between 2015 and 2020. 3967 was wrecked and retired. 3971 was repaired after damage. Additional units, numbered 3721–3724 were built in late 2019 and therefore restricted to California only. More units, numbered 3675–3706, (built early through mid-2020). |
| ET23DCM ||||
| Wabtec (GECX) | 1 | 1867 | The first ET23DCM built as a demonstrator and engineering test locomotive was constructed by Wabtec in Albia, Iowa and is now used for testing in Erie, Pennsylvania. Former NS 3259. |
| CSX Transportation | 15 | 1713-1727 | The first two CSX locomotives were built by Wabtec in Albia, Iowa and the remaining thirteen were constructed by CSX at their Huntington Heavy Repair Shop in Huntington, West Virginia. All locomotives were sent through RJ Corman in Lexington, Kentucky for final work before entering service. These are classified as SD23T4 by CSX. |
| TE33A ||||
| Kazakhstan Temir Zholy | 310 | TBA | Ordered on the 28 September 2006, they signed an agreement with GE Transportation Systems, ordering the locomotives. The first ten of these were built in GE's Erie, Pennsylvania, plant while the remaining 300 will be assembled at a new plant in Astana, Kazakhstan which was opened by President Nursultan Nazarbayev on 3 July 2009 Delivery is expected between 2009 and 2012. The locomotives are built with dual cabs and are among the first diesel-electric locomotives with AC traction motors to operate in the Commonwealth of Independent States and Ukraine (besides the 2TE25A built by Bryansk Engineering Works, Transmashholding, Russia). |
| ES59ACi ||||
| China Railway | 300 | TBA | Ordered October 2005 and delivered between 2008 and 2009. They were ordered from GE Transportation Systems and Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works. Two have been built at Erie, Pennsylvania, the rest will be assembled by Qishuyan at Changzhou. Classed as the China Railways HXN3. |
| ES58ACi ||||
| Carajás Railroad | 70 | TBA | The units were built at GE's Erie plant and delivered in 2009. The prime mover is a GEVO-16. They are wide gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)). |
| ES40ACi ||||
| Egyptian National Railways | 80 | TBA | Delivered 2009. There are two versions: Painted blue for passenger trains and red/black for freight trains. |
| ES30ACi ||||
| Egyptian National Railways | 100 | TBA | Ordered 2017, They are valued at $575 million that can be used for both passengers or freight rail. The first 10 units were delivered in November 2019. |
| ES43ACi ||||
| Pakistan Railways | 55 | TBA | They are made for 1,676 mm gauge. Deliveries are expected during 2017. See Locomotives of Pakistan. |

## Licensed production
### Australia

In 2002, GE and UGL launched the Evolution Series locomotive, and in 2009, continued their partnership for another 10 years for UGL to distribute and sell GE locomotives in Australia.

### India

In November 2015, it was announced Indian Railways and GE would engage in a 11-year joint venture in which GE would hold a majority stake of 74%, to provide a mix of 1,000 diesel locomotives of type ES43ACmi which are 4,500 horsepower and type ES57ACi which are 6,000 horsepower each. Indian Railways designated these 1,676 mm (broad gauge) locomotives as the WDG-4G class and WDG-6G class respectively. General Electric has invested ₹2,052 crore (US$305 million) for its construction. In the $2.6 Billion deal, Indian Railways would purchase 1,000 goods locomotives a year for ten years beginning in 2017; the locomotives would be modified versions of the GE Evolution series. Diesel Locomotive Factory, Marhowrah was built by GE for the manufacture of the locomotives.

### South Africa

Transnet Engineering in South Africa has a license to manufacture 233 4,200 hp (3,100 kW) 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge ES40ACi locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail, with core components including GEVO-12 engines supplied from the United States.
The first six of these Class 44-000 locomotives were built in Erie, Pennsylvania, in April and July 2015. In October 2015, the first of the 227 South African-built locomotives was nearing completion at Transnet Engineering's Koedoespoort shops in Pretoria.