# Zhang Weiwei (professor)

Zhang Weiwei (simplified Chinese: 张维为; traditional Chinese: 張維為; pinyin: Zhāng Wéiwèi) is a Chinese professor of international relations at Fudan University and the director of its China Institute. Zhang is also an Internet celebrity, spreading his political ideas through online video platforms such as Xigua Video, Bilibili, TikTok and YouTube.
Zhang is a strong defender of China's political and economic system. Therefore, he is favored by Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Some of his political views, such as the "Superiority of the China Model" and the OBOR is "an unprecedented change in five thousand years", have been criticized by scholars such as Xiang Lanxin for not being in line with historical facts.

## Early life

Zhang is the youngest of six siblings in his family. During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), his older siblings all went to the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps while he stayed in Shanghai because of a policy. In 1975, at the age of 17, he was recruited into the No.2 Shanghai Carving Factory (上海雕刻二厂) as a worker and jade carving apprentice.

## Education

Soon after, the college entrance examinations resumed with the end of the Cultural Revolution, and in 1977 Zhang was admitted to the foreign languages department of Fudan University, where he persuaded the dean to sit in on courses in international politics. From 1981 to 1983, Zhang was a postgraduate student at Beijing Foreign Studies University, studying translation.
In 1988, Zhang went to the University of Geneva's Graduate Institute of International Studies for a master's degree in international relations (1990) and then pursued a PhD, which he received in 1994.

## Career
### Interpreter

From 1983 to 1988, Zhang was one of many English interpreters of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, worked for some Chinese leaders, including Deng Xiaoping and Li Peng, in the mid-1980s.

### Academia

Zhang has written extensively in English and Chinese on People's Republic of China's economic and political reform, China's development model and comparative politics. He expanded on the concept of a civilization state with his book The China Wave: Rise of a Civilizational State (2012).
Zhang is a Senior research fellow at the Chunqiu Institute, a think tank in Shanghai.
Zhang is the head of Fudan University's China Institute.$^{:201}$

### TV

Since 2019, Zhang has been the host of "This is China" (这就是中国), a lecture on the virtues of the Chinese government, launched by Dragon Television, a state-run TV channel.

### Reception

Zhang's Bilibili channel has more than 540,000 subscribers as of 2024.
The New York Times characterized Zhang as a propagandist-academic.

## Political views

Zhang emphasizes what he sees as the unique features of China's political practices and culture.$^{:200}$ He encourages Chinese to develop "self-confidence" in these areas and to "no longer be subservient to the Western discourse." According to Zhang, Chinese should be more vocal in praising their country's system and its benefits tell China's story with pride in order to increase its discourse power.$^{:200}$
Zhang preaches eradicating the influence of China's "Spiritual Americans," by which he refers to Chinese, particularly intellectual elites, who he deems as having been "infiltrated" in the 1980s by Western discourse, standards, and the Western sense of culture. According to Zhang:
   One of the most common forms of Western discourse and cultural infiltration of China is to instill certain ‘aesthetic standards’ (审美标准) into Chinese intellectual elites through various forms of exchange or awards, and then to use these Westernized intellectual elites to monopolize Chinese aesthetic standards, and even Chinese standards in the humanities, arts, and social sciences – in this way achieving a kind of ‘cultural training’ and ‘ideological hegemony’ (意识形态霸权) over China.
Zhang describes the Western system as having its own merits and defects, "but its systemic defects now start to eat away its strengths".$^{:209}$ Zhang criticizes Western liberal democracy.$^{:211}$ He promotes the idea of Chinese socialist democracy, which he describes as a combination of "selective democracy" and electoral democracy.$^{:211}$ Zhang's view is that Chinese socialist democracy outperforms "Western procedural democracy" because the Western approach is insufficient to choose trustworthy leaders and the Chinese approach is more meritocratic.$^{:211}$ Zhang also points to China's long-term stability and economic growth as further evidence of what he believes is the superiority of its system.$^{:211}$
Zhang believes that "good governance" should be the main standard for evaluating political systems rather than their normative underpinnings.$^{:211}$
According to Zhang, the concept of political party in the Western context does not apply to the CCP. The CCP is a ruling group that follows Chinese political traditions and represents the interests of a nation as a whole.
On May 17, 2016, Zhang attended the National Symposium on the Work of Philosophy and Social Sciences chaired by CCP general secretary Xi Jinping. On May 31, 2021, Zhang gave a lecture to the Politburo of the CCP on strengthening China's international propaganda.

## Works
### Books

* Zhang Weiwei (1996). Ideology and Economic Reform under Deng Xiaoping. London: Kegan Paul. ISBN 9780710305268.
* Zhang Weiwei (1999). 英汉同声传译 [English-Chinese Simultaneous Interpretation]. Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9787500105824.
* Zhang Weiwei (2000). Transforming China: Economic Reform and its Political Implications. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781349408474.
* Zhang Weiwei (2006). Reshaping Cross-Strait Relations: Ideas and Reflections. Geneva: CAS.
* Zhang Weiwei (2008). 中国触动全球 [China Touches the World]. Beijing: Xinhua Press. ISBN 9787501185306.
* Zhang Weiwei (2012). The China Wave: Rise of a Civilizational State. World Century Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1938134012.
* Zhang Weiwei (2012). New Challenges and Perspectives of China: Where is China Going?. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 978-7119073613.
* Zhang Weiwei (2015). The China Horizon: Glory and Dream of a Civilizational State. World Century Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1938134739.
* Zhang Weiwei, ed. (2015). 国际视野下的中国道路和中国梦 [The Chinese Way and the Chinese Dream in an International Perspective]. Beijing: Xuexi Chubanshe. ISBN 9787514705348.
* Zhang Weiwei (2017). 中国人，你要自信 [Chinese, Be Confident]. Beijing: CITIC. ISBN 9787508678894.
* Zhang Weiwei, ed. (2020). 中国特色社会主义 [Socialism with Chinese Characteristics]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787208159778.
* Zhang Weiwei (2020). 中国战疫！ [China Fight the Pandemic!]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787208164857.
* Zhang Weiwei (2021). 新百年 新中国 [China in the New Era]. Beijing: Dongfang Chubanshe. ISBN 9787520719032.

## Articles

* Zhang, W. (2005). Overseas Chinese and the Concept of "Greater China". Refugee Survey Quarterly, 24(4), 65–73.
* Zhang, W. (2006). Long-term Outlook for China’s Political Reform. Asia Europe Journal, 4(2), 151–175.

### Essays

* Zhang Weiwei (December 9, 1994). "Dengist China After Deng? Not Certain But Likely". The New York Times.
* Zhang Weiwei (November 1, 2006). "The Allure of the Chinese Model". The New York Times.
* Zhang Weiwei (September 30, 2009). "Eight Ideas Behind China's Success". The New York Times.
* Zhang Weiwei (November 12, 2012). "Meritocracy Versus Democracy". The New York Times.
* Zhang Weiwei (March 5, 2013). "China and the End of the End of History". The Globalist.
* Zhang Weiwei (February 10, 2014). "Respect China's Red Lines". Huffington Post.
* Zhang Weiwei (February 26, 2014). "The Five Reasons Why China Works". Huffington Post.
* Zhang Weiwei (May 5, 2014). "China's Success Due to Rejecting Both Market and Democracy Fundamentalism". Huffington Post.
* Zhang Weiwei (October 22, 2014). "Misled Democracy Could Jeopardize Hong Kong's Future". Huffington Post.
* Zhang Weiwei (March 1, 2017). "For China's One-Party Rulers, Legitimacy Flows from Prosperity and Competence". Zócalo Public Square.
* Zhang Weiwei (March 3, 2017). "In China, Unlike Trump's America, Political Legitimacy Is Built On Competence And Experience". Huffington Post.