OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William H. Clapp

William H. Clapp (October 29, 1879 - April 21, 1954) was a Canadian-American painter and art curator. He was a member of the Society of Six in Oakland, California, and an Impressionist landscape painter. He was also the curator of the Oakland Art Gallery.

## Life

Clapp was born on October 29, 1879, in Montreal, Canada. He was born a U.S. citizen as both his parents were American. He moved with his family to Oakland, California in 1885, but returned to Montreal in 1900 to study with William Brymner at the Art Association of Montreal. Fellow students included Clarence Gagnon and Henri Hébert and the three artists moved to Paris in the fall of 1904. In Paris, he spent four years, and attended the Académie Julian, the Académie de la Grande Chaumière and the Académie Colarossi, and was introduced to Fauvism. In 1906, he exhibited his work at the Salon d'Automne.
In France, his style was transformed into a personal form of Impressionism, verging on Pointillism, depicting the way in which he experienced and saw the world. He became mostly known for his brilliant, high-keyed, colourful landscapes inspired by Monet and for his interest in painting the figure, mostly academic-influenced and idealized nudes. In 1907, he travelled to Belgium and Spain, where he studied in Madrid with William Laparra and regularly visited the Prado Museum. Returning to Montreal in 1908, Clapp brought with him his innovative interpretation of Impressionism, applying it to Canadian subject matter, which received mixed and uncomprehending reactions from critics and the public but at the Art Association of Montreal's Spring Exhibition in 1908 he shared the Jessie Dow Prize with Helen McNicoll.
After exhibiting his work in Montreal in a solo exhibition in 1914, he left Canada and lived in Cuba from 1915 to 1917, then moved to Oakland, California, where he co-founded the Society of Six with Selden Connor Gile, August Gay, Maurice Logan, Louis Siegriest, and Bernard von Eichman, and he wrote their manifesto. From 1918 to 1952, he curated the Oakland Art Gallery, where he sold their paintings. Clapp was a member of the Canadian Art Club and the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.
Clapp resided in Piedmont, California, with his wife Gertrude. He died on April 21, 1954, in Oakland, California, at age 74. His artwork can be seen at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
# Piotr Marek Król

Piotr Marek Król (born 26 June 1974) is a Polish politician, a Member of Bydgoszcz City Council who represented the 3rd district.
On 12 November 2006 he was elected to Bydgoszcz City Council. He succeeded in getting 931 votes in 3rd district, being a candidate from Law and Justice list. He took office on 27 November 2006. He was a Chairperson of Audit Committee and a member of the Spatial Planning Committee and the Sports and Tourism Committee.
He was elected to the Sejm on 5 June 2014 with 5797 votes as a candidate from the Law and Justice list.
# Tetraoxygen

The tetraoxygen molecule (O$_4$), also called oxozone, is an allotrope of oxygen consisting of four oxygen atoms.

## History

Tetraoxygen was first predicted in 1924 by Gilbert N. Lewis, who proposed it as an explanation for the failure of liquid oxygen to obey Curie's law. Though not entirely inaccurate, computer simulations indicate that although there are no stable O$_4$ molecules in liquid oxygen, O$_2$ molecules do tend to associate in pairs with antiparallel spins, forming transient O$_4$ units. In 1999, researchers thought that solid oxygen in its ε-phase, also known as red oxygen, (at pressures above 10 GPa) was O$_4$. However, in 2006, it was shown by X-ray crystallography that this stable phase is in fact octaoxygen (O $_8$). Nevertheless, positively charged tetraoxygen has been detected as a short-lived chemical species in mass spectrometry experiments.

## Structure

Theoretical calculations have predicted the existence of metastable O$_4$ molecules with two different shapes: a "puckered" square like cyclobutane or S$_4$, and a "pinwheel" with three oxygen atoms surrounding a central one in a trigonal planar formation similar to boron trifluoride or sulfur trioxide. It was previously pointed out that the "pinwheel" O$_4$ molecule should be the natural continuation of the isoelectronic series BO$^{3−}$ $_3$, CO$^{2−}$ $_3$, NO$^−$ $_3$, and analogous to SO$_3$; that observation served as the basis for the mentioned theoretical calculations.
Theoretical structures of metastable O$_4$. :
| D$_{2d}$ structure | D$_{3h}$ structure |
In 2001, a team at the University of Rome La Sapienza conducted a neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry experiment to investigate the structure of free O$_4$ molecules. Their results did not agree with either of the two proposed molecular structures, but they did agree with a complex between two O$_2$ molecules, one in the ground state and the other in a specific excited state.
Absorption bands of O$_4$ e.g. at 360, 477 and 577 nm are frequently used to achieve aerosol inversions in atmospheric optical absorption spectroscopy. Due to the known distribution of O$_2$ and therefore also O$_4$, O$_4$ slant column densities can be used to retrieve aerosol profiles which can then be used again in radiative transfer models to model light paths.

## Potential use

Though its use is highly speculative due its unstable nature, it has been theorized that tetraoxygen could be an alternative to traditional liquid oxygen in rocket propulsion. Its higher density—approximately twice that of liquid oxygen—could allow for smaller oxidizer tanks, reducing overall vehicle mass and potentially increasing payload capacity.
# Jankovci railway station

Jankovci railway station (Croatian: Željeznički kolodvor Jankovci) is a railway station on Novska–Tovarnik railway. It is located between Novi Jankovci and Stari Jankovci. Jankovci railway station consists of 5 railway tracks.
Since 2012 railway reconstruction, the station has been used exclusively for freight, with passenger trains stopping at newly built Novi Jankovci halt.
# Woody Erdman

Ellis E. "Woody" Erdman (April 16, 1926, Ashland, Pennsylvania – February 10, 1997, Greensboro, North Carolina) was an American sportscaster, television producer, and businessman who served as chairman of Trans-National Communications, International Trade & Commerce Corporation and Boston Celtics.
Ellis Erdman was a combat veteran of World War II, having served with the US Army Air Corps from 1944 to the V-J Day. He was a crew member on several B-29s based on the island of Tinian, and received the Air Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster. He remained in the Air Force Reserve until after the birth of his third child, and received an Honorable Discharge at the rank of 1st Lieutenant.
Erdman's career in broadcasting began while he was a student at Penn State University in the late 1940s, and worked at several radio stations in central Pennsylvania, where he met his future wife, Phebe Mae Weeks, and they were married in 1948. In 1952 they moved to Elmira, NY where Erdman worked for WELM, a Gannett radio station. In 1956, he co-founded WTKO radio in Ithaca, New York with Thomas Cassell and a group of investors, and the family moved to Ithaca. On February 1, 1960, Erdman purchased the Rural Radio Network, an interconnected group of six commercial FM radio stations spread across upstate New York. In addition to owning radio stations, Erdman was also a radio play-by-play announcer for the New York Giants football team.
Erdman was also involved in the ownership of sports teams. Erdman's Trans-National Communications were the majority owners of the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association from 1969 to 1971 and the Oakland Seals of the National Hockey League during the 1969-70 NHL season. Erdman was also the owner of the Carolina Cardinals of the United States Basketball League.
A 1996 investigation of Ellis Erdman and his International Trade & Commerce Corporation by the Securities and Exchange Commission accused Erdman of being a "confidence man." As chairman of ITC, Erdman was believed to have "orchestrated a classic "pump and dump" scheme," but died in 1997 before ever tried in court.
Erdman was married to Phebe Weeks Erdman from 1949 until their divorce in 1985. The couple was reunited in 1992 and were together until his death. They had three children. The Erdmans were residents of Ithaca, New York.
# 1900 United States presidential election in Delaware

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 1900 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 6, 1900. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1900 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
Delaware was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President William McKinley of Ohio and his running mate Theodore Roosevelt of New York. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former U.S. Representative and 1896 Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan and his running mate, former Vice President Adlai Stevenson I. McKinley won the state by a margin of 8.77% in this rematch of the 1896 presidential election. The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the Spanish–American War helped McKinley score a decisive victory.
Bryan had previously lost Delaware to McKinley four years earlier and would later lose the state again in 1908 to William Howard Taft.

## Results

1900 United States presidential election in Delaware :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Republican | William McKinley (inc.) | 22,535 | 53.67% | 3 |
| | Democratic | William Jennings Bryan | 18,852 | 44.90% | 0 |
| | Prohibition | John G. Woolley | 546 | 1.30% | 0 |
| | Social Democratic | Eugene V. Debs | 56 | 0.13% | 0 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 41,989 | 100.00% | 3 |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | Voter turnout | | | — |

### Results by county

| County | William McKinley Republican | William McKinley Republican | William Jennings Bryan Democrat | William Jennings Bryan Democrat | Various candidates Others | Various candidates Others | Total votes |
| County | % | # | % | # | % | # | Total votes |
| Kent | 49.76% | 3,930 | 48.84% | 3,857 | 1.41% | 111 | 7,898 |
| New Castle | 55.38% | 13,646 | 43.20% | 10,644 | 1.42% | 350 | 24,640 |
| Sussex | 52.41% | 4,961 | 46.10% | 4,364 | 1.49% | 141 | 9,466 |
# Dary (footballer)

Dary Batista de Oliveira (born 20 October 1940) is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a defender. He was part of the Brazil national team that competed in the 1959 Pan American Games and the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Dary also played one "Full A" match, on 13 April 1963, against Argentina.

## Honours

Fluminense
* Campeonato Carioca: 1964
# Sigmund Samuel

Sigmund Samuel (October 24, 1868 – April 29, 1962) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was the son of industrialist Lewis Samuel (1827–1887), and he continued to run his father's steel business.

## Life and career

Samuel was born in 1868 to Lewis and Kate Samuel in Toronto, Ontario. In 1856, his father had co-founded M & L Samuel Company in Toronto, which later grew to become an importer and distributor of steel products in Canada (now known as Samuel, Son & Co., with its headquarters in Oakville, Ontario). Samuel became involved in the business following the death of his father in 1887. Samuel was an important member of the Holy Blossom Congregation in Toronto, which his father had been a member of. He married Leah May Mandelson, who bore several children (Kathleen Samuel b. 1899, Lewis Samuel II b. 1900, Norman Mandelson Samuel b. 1902, and Florence May Samuel b. 1907).
Later in life, Samuel made significant donations to cultural (the Royal Ontario Museum's Sigmund Samuel Building) and educational (the University of Toronto's Sigmund Samuel Library) institutions in Toronto.
Samuel died in Toronto on April 29, 1962. His grandson, Ernest L. Samuel, took over the family business at that point. He served as CEO of Samuel, Son & Co. and as CEO of Samuel Manu-Tech Inc. for many years. He also established a successful Thoroughbred horse racing stable, named Sam-Son Farm. Upon the death of Ernest L. Samuel in 2000, his only son (Mark Samuel) took over the running of the family business.
# Ralph Van Dyke

Ralph Waldo Van Dyke III (born January 19, 1964) is an American former professional football offensive lineman for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Southern Illinois.

## Early life

Ralph Waldo Van Dyke III was born on January 19, 1964, at St. James Hospital in Chicago Heights, Illinois, to Ralph Waldo Van Dyke, Jr. and Mattie Lou Van Dyke.
In addition to playing high school football, Van Dyke played basketball at Bloom High School in Chicago Heights.

## College football

Van Dyke was a redshirt during his freshman year at Southern Illinois in 1982. He became a starter for the team by the fifth game of the 1983 season, and was noted as an "extremely aggressive" hard worker by coach Rod Sherrill in 1983, shortly before the Salukis won the NCAA Division I-AA championship.
In 1986, he made the all-Missouri Valley Conference first-team offense as an offensive tackle, and was an honorable mention on the Associated Press all-American list.

## Professional football
### Atlanta Falcons

After a below-average performance at the NFL Scouting Combine, Van Dyke was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL draft, with the 97th pick overall. He signed with the team in late July 1987, but was waived roughly a month later on August 31.

### Cleveland Browns

During the 1987 NFL strike, Van Dyke signed with the Cleveland Browns as a replacement player, starting at offensive tackle in the team's Week 4 and Week 5 games. The strike ended after Week 6 and Van Dyke was released by the Browns.

### Phoenix Cardinals

Van Dyke signed with the Phoenix Cardinals on March 31, 1988, in the midst of the team's relocation from St. Louis, Missouri to Phoenix, Arizona. He suffered a sprain to his knee in July 1988 during the team's training camp in Flagstaff, requiring him to be sent south to Phoenix for treatment. He left the team's camp on July 28, 1988.
# Sigaus tumidicauda

Sigaus tumidicauda is a species of alpine grasshopper, endemic to New Zealand. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers, S. tumidicauda has a 2- or 3-year life cycle. The eggs must "overwinter" before they will hatch. Hoppers are found throughout the year, and adult grasshoppers can be found throughout the New Zealand summer between December and April. This grasshopper is flightless.

## Distribution and habitat

Sigaus tumidicauda is known only from the Otago and Southland regions of the South Island of New Zealand. It can be found as far south as Cleughearn Peak (45°49′43″S 167°24′11″E﻿ / ﻿45.8287°S 167.4030°E﻿ / -45.8287; 167.4030﻿ (Cleughearn Peak)) and as far north as Mount Aurum (44°46′10″S 168°37′21″E﻿ / ﻿44.7695°S 168.6225°E﻿ / -44.7695; 168.6225﻿ (Mount Aurum)). Sigaus tumidicauda prefers alpine tussock grasslands between 1,300 and 1,700 metres (4,300 and 5,600 ft); it can, however, be found as low as 700 metres (2,300 ft) near the Nevis River (45°08′49″S 169°00′00″E﻿ / ﻿45.147°S 169.000°E﻿ / -45.147; 169.000﻿ (Nevis River)). It is one of three known species of alpine grasshoppers that are found in Fiordland, the other two being Sigaus homerensis and Sigaus takahe.
Alpinacris tumidicauda is sister to the widespread species Sigaus australis. The genus Alpinacris included Alpinacris crassicauda previously thought to be sister to A. tumidicauda. Climate change will reduce the current range of this species by 35 – 75%.

## Species description

Sigaus tumidicauda is micropterous (small-winged), with wings measuring between 2 and 4 millimetres (0.079 and 0.157 in), making this species flightless like most New Zealand grasshoppers. Male body length is 12–14 millimetres (0.47–0.55 in); female body length is 21–24 millimetres (0.83–0.94 in).
Sigaus tumidicauda was described in 1967 by Robert Sidney Bigelow, in the genus Alpinacris, with a type locality of Obelisk (Māori: Kopuwai) in the Old Man Range (45°19′22″S 169°12′27″E﻿ / ﻿45.3228°S 169.2074°E﻿ / -45.3228; 169.2074﻿ (Obelisk)). A male holotype and paratype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.

### Type information

* Bigelow, R. S. (1967). The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. Christchurch: University of Canterbury
* Type locality: Obelisk, Old Man Range, Otago, 1,372 metres (4,501 ft)
* Type specimen: Male; 3 December 1963; R. S. Bigelow. Holotype and paratype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.

### Polymorphism

Four colour morphs are known for adult S. tumidicauda: green, olive, dark olive and yellow-brown. The most common colour morph is green, followed by the yellow-brown colour morph.
* Green colour morph
* Olive colour morph
* Dark olive colour morph
* Yellow-brown colour morph
# Sonic

Sonic or Sonics may refer to:

## Companies

* Sonic Drive-In, an American drive-in, fast-food restaurant chain
* Sonic (ISP), an Internet provider CLEC, serving more than 100 California communities
* Sonic Foundry, a computer software company which develops programs for editing audio and video
* Sonic Healthcare, a company that provides laboratory pathology and radiology services
* Sonic Solutions, a company operating in digital-media markets
* Sonic Team, a developer of video games
* SONIC, a brand name of Sega, S.A. SONIC

## Arts and entertainment

* Sonic the Hedgehog, a Sega video game franchise
** Sonic the Hedgehog (character), the titular character of the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise
** Sonic the Hedgehog (1991), a 1991 platform video game
** Sonic the Hedgehog (TV series), a 1993 Italian-American animated television series
** Sonic the Hedgehog (OVA), a 1996 Japanese original video animation series
** Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), a 2006 platform video game
** Sonic the Hedgehog (8-bit video game), a 1991 platform video game for the Sega Master System and Game Gear
** Sonic the Hedgehog (film), a 2020 action-adventure film
* Sonic screwdriver, a fictional tool in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who
* Nickelodeon Sonic, an Indian children's television channel
* Sonic "Boom Boom" Renaldi, a character in the Speed Racer film adaptation

### Music

* The Sonics, an American band
* CHDI-FM, a radio station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, named SONiC 102.9
* CKKS-FM, a radio station in Chilliwack/Abbotsford/Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

## Science and technology

* Sonics, a branch of acoustics
* Theory of sonics, a branch of continuum mechanics
* Sonic boom, an audible component of a shock wave in air
* Supersonic speed
* Hypersonic speed
* Sonic hedgehog, a gene and protein named after Sonic the Hedgehog
* SONIC (Ethernet controller), a 10 Mbit/s Ethernet controller
* Somali Network Information Centre, the registry for the .so ccTLD
* SONiC (operating system), free and open source network operating system developed by Microsoft
* SonicStage, a computer program

## Sports

* Seattle SuperSonics, a National Basketball Association team, relocated to Oklahoma as the Thunder
* Sonic Motor Racing Services, an Australian motor racing team

## Vehicles

* Sonic (train), the name of a Japanese express train service operated by 883 series "Sonic" and 885 series "White Sonic" EMUs.
* Chevrolet Sonic, the North American successor to the Chevrolet Aveo
* Honda Sonic, an underbone motorcycle
* Moyes Sonic, an Australian hang glider design
* Sonic 23, a Canadian sailboat design
* Spinball Whizzer, a rollercoaster previously known as Sonic Spinball (2010–2015).
# Don't You Know (Pandora song)

"Don't You Know" is a song by Swedish artist Pandora. It was released in February 1995 as the second single from Pandora's second studio album, Tell the World (1995).
The song peaked at number 7 on the Swedish charts and number one in Finland.

## Track listing

Swedish CD single
* "Don't You Know" (Radio Edit) – 3:49
* "Don't You Know" (The Sir Family Extended Mix) – 6:24
Swedish CD maxi single
* "Don't You Know" (Radio Edit) – 3:49
* "Don't You Know" (The Sir Family Extended Mix) – 6:24
* "Don't You Know" (Peka P's Alternative Edit) – 5:35
* "Don't You Know" (Huma's Typhoon Edit) – 6:54
Swedish 12-inch single
    A1. "Don't You Know" (The Sir Family Extended Mix) – 6:24
    B1. "Don't You Know" (Peka P's Alternative Edit) – 5:35
    B2. "Don't You Know" (Radio Edit) – 3:49
German CD maxi single
* "Don't You Know" (Original Radio Edit) – 3:50
* "Don't You Know" (Clock's "Ten To Two" Radio Mix) – 3:22
* "Don't You Know" (Primax NRG Mix) – 5:29
* "Don't You Know" (Man City Vocal Mix) – 6:54
* "Don't You Know" (Primax V.E. Day Mix) – 4:53
* "Don't You Know" (The Sir Family Extended Mix) – 6:17
* "Don't You Know" (Clock's "Ten To Two" Mix) – 5:16
* "Don't You Know" (Overworld Dub) – 5:29

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| Sweden | February 1995 | CD single, CD maxi single, 12-inch single | EMI/Virgin Records |
| Germany | 1995 | CD maxi single | MCA Records |

## United DJ's vs. Pandora remix

In 2006, "Don't You Know" was remixed and re-released by United DJs vs. Pandora. The song was released on 17 January 2007 as the second single from United DJs vs. Pandora's album, Celebration (2007).
The song reached the top of the Swedish Singles Chart on 25 January 2007 staying one week at the top, 3 weeks in Top 5 and 20 weeks in total in the Swedish charts. It also peaked at number 4 in the Finnish charts.

### Track listing

Swedish and Finnish CD single (2007)
* "Don't You Know" (Soundcruiser's Radio Mix) – 3:45
* "Don't You Know" (Soundcruiser's Extended) – 5:48
Remixes
* "Don't You Know" (Magic Mitch & DJ Nico Extended Mix) - 7:22
* "Don't You Know" (Soundcruisers Extended Mix) - 5:48
* "Don't You Know" (The Chuck Norris Experiment) - 3:58
* "Don't You Know" (Groove Factory Mix) - 4:18
* "Don't You Know" (Magic Mitch & DJ Nico Radio Mix) - 4:11
* "Don't You Know" (Soundcruisers Radio Mix) - 3:44
* "Don't You Know" (R-Spec Trance Mix) - 6:27

### Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 4 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |
# Prize crew

A prize crew is the selected members of a ship chosen to take over the operations of a captured ship. Prize crews were required to take their prize to appropriate prize courts, which would determine whether the ship's officers and crew had sufficient cause to have the value of the prize awarded to them.
In the Age of Sail and up into the American Civil War, capturing enemy ships was quite common. As a result, warships optimistically carried extra crew members for use as prize crews. More recently, as evidenced by results of sea battles during World War I and World War II, ships generally were sunk, not captured. If, however, a ship is captured, a prize crew would be selected from the winning ship's complement.

## Examples

* See USS Nightingale for prize crew and prize court example.
* in 1939, SS City of Flint was captured by a German warship in the Atlantic and sailed to Norway. As Norway was neutral, the German prize crew were eventually interned and the vessel returned to her American owners.
* In 1941, a Royal Navy prize crew sailed the captured German U-boat U-570 from Iceland to the United Kingdom.
* At the end of World War II, USS Bangust selected a prize crew to board the Japanese submarine I-14.
* USS Hanna placed a prize crew on the Japanese Tachibana Maru at the end of World War II.
* U.S. Coast Guard cutters capture vessels during drug interdiction operations, and then bring them to port using prize crews.