OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1989 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1989 in Singapore.

## Incumbents

* President: Wee Kim Wee
* Prime Minister: Lee Kuan Yew

## Events
### January

* 1 January – The first 24-hour radio station in Singapore, Perfect Ten 98.7FM, starts broadcast.
* 13 January – The Public Works Department announced the building of two bridges to Sentosa and Pulau Brani, which will be completed by 1992.
* 15 January – TransitLink starts operations, which is formed by SMRT, Singapore Bus Services and Trans-Island Bus Services to develop an integrated bus-rail public transport system.

### February

* 21 February – Tradewinds starts its first flight, which is formed in 1975 as a hotelier.

### April

* 14 April – The National Skin Centre is officially opened to treat skin diseases and research skin conditions.
* 30 April – Change Alley closes its doors. It reopens as an air-conditioned passageway in 1993.

### June

* 10 June – The New Psychiatric Hospital (now known as the Institute of Mental Health) starts construction, which has state of the art facilities when completed.

### August

* 26 August – The first community hospital starts construction in Ang Mo Kio. The hospital will have community involvement with the participation of family doctors.

### September

* 1 September – The Urban Redevelopment Authority is revamped, taking over land use planning from the Ministry of National Development. This results in the transfer of properties to Pidemco Land (present day CapitaLand).

### November

* 1 November – The National Youth Council is formed as a division of the People's Association to work on youth matters.
* 4 November – The sixth section of the MRT system is opened from Marina Bay to Tanah Merah.
* 6 November – Singapore is one of the founding members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

### December

* 6–10 December – 1989 World Badminton Grand Prix is held.
* 16 December – The seventh section of the MRT system is opened from Simei to Pasir Ris.
* 28 December – SingTel launches its ISDN network, making Singapore the first in the world to have ISDN nationwide.
* 31 December – Singapore Indoor Stadium was officially opened in an inaugural ceremony by the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew.

## Births

* 19 February – Xu Bin, actor.
* 1 March – Joshua Ang, actor.
* 23 May – Tosh Zhang, actor.
* 18 June – Gen Neo, K-Pop singer.
* 18 August – Yu Mengyu, national table tennis player.
* 26 October – Shayna Ng, national bowler.
* 13 December – Ian Fang, actor.

## Deaths

* 12 January – Lee Lim – Artistic photographer (b. 1931).
* 23 March – Lee Dai Sor – Cantonese storyteller (b. 1913).
* 11 October – Haji Ya'acob bin Mohamed – Former politician, diplomat (b. 1925).
# Blitz (mascot)

Blitz is the official mascot of the Seattle Seahawks, a team in the National Football Conference of the National Football League. A large blue bird, Blitz made his debut on September 13, 1998, at the Seahawks' home opener at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington.
After his inception Blitz's appearance changed slightly several times (including subtle changes in color in accordance with the team's updated scheme implemented after moving to Qwest Field in 2002) before a dramatic facelift in 2004, in an effort to make him appear less menacing to children by introducing friendlier facial features. A new look was introduced in 2014, involving an update to Blitz's face that more closely resembles the Seahawks logo. In addition to the longstanding look of a blue anthropomorphic bird of medium height and wearing a Seahawks uniform (number 0), the updated Blitz features the piercing green eyes and blue and gray head represented on the team logo.
A second mascot, named Boom, was also introduced in 2014, as an "official sidekick" to Blitz. In addition to green eyes, Boom features green hair, a backwards Seahawks cap, and a number 00 Seahawks uniform.
Since the character's introduction in 1998, Blitz has been an integral part in the Seahawks' "Ready, Set, Goals!" reading program for children. In addition to all Seahawks home games, Blitz appears at hundreds of community and charity events throughout the year. He has also appeared at the Super Bowl and the Pro Bowl. The band The Presidents of the United States of America recorded his theme song, "This Is a Blitz."
# Fred Betham

Gustav Frederick Dertag Betham OBE (11 April 1915 – 31 March 1984), also known by the Samoan name Fereti Misipita, was a Western Samoan politician and diplomat. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1948 to 1971 and as Minister of Finance from 1961 to 1970. In 1971 he was appointed Secretary General of the South Pacific Commission, a role he held for four years.

## Biography

Born in Apia in 1915 to Bertha and Montgomery Betham, Betham attended Newton West School in Auckland and then Seddon Memorial Technical College. He returned to Western Samoa to join the civil service, leaving after eight years to work in business, joining O.F. Nelson. An excellent tennis player, in 1939 he won the men's singles, the men's doubles and the mixed doubles with Olive Nelson, who he married in 1942. He later became president of the local tennis association. In World War II he was part of the Western Samoa Defence Force.
Betham was elected to the Legislative Assembly from the European constituency in 1948, and re-elected in 1951, 1954 and 1957. In 1953, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. As a member of the Legislative Assembly, he was part of the 1960 Constitutional Assembly that drew up the independence constitution, of which he was a signatory. After being re-elected again in 1961, Betham was appointed Minister of Finance. He was appointed an OBE in the 1962 New Year Honours and remained in the cabinet until the 1970 elections, when Tupua Tamasese replaced Fiame Mata'afa as Prime Minister.
In 1971 he was a candidate to become Secretary-General of the South Pacific Commission. After a tie in the first round of voting, his opponent Oala Oala-Rarua withdrew from the contest, allowing Betham to win. He served as Secretary General until 1975, and in 1976 was appointed High Commissioner of Western Samoa to New Zealand, a role he held until 1980.
He died in March 1984 at the age of 68.
# La Más Perfecta Colección

La Más Perfecta Colección is the third greatest hits compilation by Spanish recording artist Mónica Naranjo released on 6 December 2011 through Sony. The album includes most of her hits from her five studio albums and "Enamorada de Ti", which was included on her compilation Colección Privada (2005), and also includes one new track, "Emperatriz de Mis Sueños", which was used as the theme song for the Mexican telenovela Emperatriz. The album also includes a bonus DVD with music videos and live performances from her hits.
# Last Night (Ian Carey song)

"Last Night" is a song released by House DJ Ian Carey. The track features lyrics by urban superstar Snoop Dogg and Bobby Anthony.

## Track listing
### Australian digital single

* "Last Night" – 3:09
* "Last Night" (extended version) – 4:54

### Remixes

* "Last Night" (Afrojack Remix) – 5:22
* "Last Night" (Spencer & Hill Remix) – 7:04
* "Last Night" (R3hab Remix) – 4:22
* "Last Night" (Dani L. Mebius Remix) – 6:15
* "Last Night" (Afrojack Dub Edit) – 5:18
# LCP theory

In chemistry, ligand close packing theory (LCP theory), sometimes called the ligand close packing model describes how ligand – ligand repulsions affect the geometry around a central atom. It has been developed by R. J. Gillespie and others from 1997 onwards and is said to sit alongside VSEPR which was originally developed by R. J. Gillespie and R Nyholm. The inter-ligand distances in a wide range of molecules have been determined. The example below shows a series of related molecules:
| | F-F distance (pm) | O-F distance (pm) | C-F bond length (pm) | C=O bond length (pm) |
| CF$_4$ | 216 | | 132 | |
| O=CF$_3$$^−$ | 216 | 223 | 139 | 123 |
| O=CF$_2$ | 216 | 222 | 132 | 117 |
The consistency of the interligand distances (F-F and O-F) in the above molecules is striking and this phenomenon is repeated across a wide range of molecules and forms the basis for LCP theory.

## Ligand radius

From a study of known structural data a series of inter-ligand distances has been determined and it has been found that there is a constant inter-ligand radius for a given central atom. The table below shows the inter-ligand radius (pm) for some of the period 2 elements:
| Ligand | Beryllium | Boron | Carbon | Nitrogen |
| H | | 110 | 90 | 82 |
| C | | 137 | 125 | 120 |
| N | 144 | 124 | 119 | |
| O | 133 | 119 | 114 | |
| F | 128 | 113 | 108 | 106 |
| Cl | 168 | 151 | 144 | 142 |
The ligand radius should not be confused with the ionic radius.

## Treatment of lone pairs

In LCP theory a lone pair is treated as a ligand. Gillespie terms the lone pair a lone pair domain and states that these lone pair domains push the ligands together until they reach the interligand distance predicted by the relevant inter-ligand radii. An example demonstrating this is shown below, where the F-F distance is the same in the AF$_3$ and AF$_4$$^+$ species :
| | F-F distance (pm) | A-F bond length (pm) | F-A-F angle (degrees) |
| NF$_3$ | 212 | 136.5 | 102.3 |
| NF$_4$$^+$ | 212 | 130 | 109.5 |
| PF$_3$ | 237 | 157 | 97.8 |
| PF$_4$$^+$ | 238 | 145.7 | 109.5 |

## LCP and VSEPR

LCP and VSEPR make very similar predictions as to geometry but LCP theory has the advantage that predictions are more quantitative particularly for the second period elements, Be, B, C, N, O, F. Ligand -ligand repulsions are important when
* the central atom is small e.g. period 2, (Be, B, C, N, O)
* the ligands are only weakly electronegative compared to the central atom
* the ligands are large compared to the central atom
* there are 5 or more ligands around the central atom
# Khusrau Shah of Ghazna

Khusrau Shah (b. 1121 – d. 1160) was the penultimate sultan of the Ghaznavid Dynasty from 1157 to 1160., and the eldest son of Bahram-Shah. During his short reign, he lost southeastern Afghanistan to Ala al-Din Husayn, Malik of Ghurid empire. He was succeeded by his son, Khusrau Malik.

## Background

Khusrau Shah was eldest and only surviving son of Bahram Shah. Due to civil wars, tributary pact with Seljuk Empire and struggles with Ghurid Empire, Ghaznavid Empire was in its weakest times. Although his father tried to recapture the lost lands in India, he was stopped by Vigraharaja IV, an Indian king from Chahamanas dynasty. His struggles with Ghurid Empire were also unsuccessful as he was defeated by two Ghurid Maliks. Later he was defeated by Ala al-Din Husayn, who burned Ghazni for seven days.
Bahram Shah recaptured Ghazni from Ghurids and later died in 1157. Nothing but few poems written by Hassan Ghaznavi remains about life of young Khusrau during reign of his father. It seems that he was a hostage to the court of Saljuk emperor, Ahmad Sanjar.

## Reign

Khusrau Shah became sultan in 1157. Shortly afterwards, Ala al-Din Husayn ran a new campaign. Although Minhaj-i-Siraj stated that Ala al-Din Husayn already had captured the Ghaznavid possessions in southeastern Afghanistan, including Zamindawar, according to Bosworth it could be "an anticipation of what actually happened". Fakhr-i Mudabbir stated a battle between two armies in which Khusrau Shah was defeated. According to O'Neal, Khusrau Shah rebuilt army and moved towards west to capture the western lands of Ghurids, but faced with Ala al-Din army in Herat, he was defeated. He was forced to agree with pact that gives the Ghurids mentioned lands.
Khusrau Shah's reign after war is mostly unknown, but it is known that he died in 1160 and was succeeded by his son Khusrau Malik, the last Ghaznavid Sultan, which was defeated by Ghurids and died sometime after 1184.

## Coinage

Few remaining Khusrau Shah coins stated Ahmad Sanjar as suzerain, although he died in 1157. Probably news of his death didn't reach Ghazni at the time.
# Mulipola Anarosa Ale Molioo

Mulipola Anarosa Ale Molioo (born ~1968) is a Samoan politician and former Cabinet Minister. She was the first woman ever appointed finance minister of Samoa. She is a member of the FAST Party.
Mulipola is from the village of Siutu and was active in bringing gender-equality to her village council. She previously worked as an auditor and deputy country manager for Western Union. She was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in the 2021 Samoan general election. On 24 May 2021 she was appointed Minister of Finance in the elected cabinet of Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa. The appointment was disputed by the caretaker government. On 23 July 2021 the Court of Appeal ruled that the swearing-in ceremony was constitutional and binding, and that FAST had been the government since 24 May.
In August 2021 in response to opposition claims that she had sought advice from New Zealand on an upcoming budget, Mulipola suggested that she lacked confidence in Ministry of Finance chief executive Leasiosiofa’asisina Oscar Malielegaoi, opposition leader Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi's son, as his family connection to the opposition created a perceived conflict of interest. On 27 August Mulipola called reports that Malielegaoi had been fired "misinformation". The next day Malielegaoi resigned, saying that the Minister had demanded his resignation. On 28 August Mulipola issued a statement saying that Malielegaoi's conflict of interest was not sustainable and that she had "reluctantly decided to accept his resignation".
In a cabinet reshuffle on 6 September 2023 she was replaced as Minister of Finance by Lautimuia Uelese Vaʻai. Mulipola was instead appointed Minister of Women, Community and Social Development, replacing Leota Laki Lamositele from 1 October 2023.
On 14 January 2025 she was sacked by prime minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa. She was replaced by Lagaaia Tiatuau Tufuga.
# Czechoslovakia women's national basketball team

The Czechoslovakia women's national basketball team was the women's basketball side that represented Czechoslovakia in international competitions. After the country was peacefully dissolved in 1993, the team was succeeded by separate Czech and Slovak teams.

## Competition record

| Olympic Games Olympic Games Pre-Olympic Year Position Pld W L Pld W L 1976 4th 5 2 3 1980 did not qualify 963 1984 1046 1988 8th 5 0 5 1174 1992 6th 5 1 4 871 Total1531238 24 14 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup FIBA World Cup Year Position Pld W L 1953 did not qualify 1957 9 7 2 1959 7 5 2 1964 9 8 1 1967 6 4 2 1971 9 7 2 1975 8 6 2 1979 did not qualify 1983 1986 4th 7 4 3 1990 4th 8 4 4 Total634518 | EuroBasket Women EuroBasket Women Year Position Pld W L 1938 did not qualify 1950 7 5 2 1952 5 4 1 1954 7 5 2 1956 8 7 1 1958 7 5 2 1960 7 5 2 1962 6 4 2 1964 6 4 2 1966 7 6 1 1968 9th 8 6 2 1970 5th 7 5 2 1972 8 6 2 1974 8 7 1 1976 8 7 1 1978 8 6 2 1980 4th 8 5 3 1981 7 4 3 1983 6th 7 3 4 1985 4th 7 3 4 1987 4th 7 4 3 1989 5 3 2 1991 5th 5 3 2 Total15310746 |
# Microchampsa

Microchampsa is an extinct genus of protosuchian crocodyliform that existed during the Early Jurassic. Fossils have been found from stratum 6 of the Dahuangtian locality, an outcrop of the Lower Red Beds of the Lufeng Formation in Yunnan, China.

## Description

Parts of the postcranial skeleton, such as the dorsal osteoderms, vertebrae, ribs, and bones of the manus, are known. The dorsal osteoderms of the lumbar region are fused to double headed ribs. All osteoderms are rectangular and overlap each other.

## History

Microchampsa was named in 1951 on the basis of an incomplete skeleton consisting of cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae as well as ribs and three rows of dorsal osteoderms. Three other specimens of crocodylomorphs described in 1965 also seemed to display three rows of osteoderms, and as a result were assigned to the genus Microchampsa. However, later studies revealed that the specimens had only two rows of osteoderms that more closely resembled those of the genus Platyognathus, and that the presence of three rows of osteoderms in the holotype of Microchampsa may have been an artifact of preservation. However, this hypothesis is speculative as the holotype of Microchampsa had since been lost by the time of the studies.

## Taxonomy

It was assigned to the suborder Protosuchia in 1965 and the family Notochampsidae in 1992. However, later studies argued that it is a nomen dubium due to the lack of diagnostic material in the incompletely known remains. Thus it can only be regarded as a poorly known protosuchian.
# Alabama Renaissance Faire

The Alabama Renaissance Faire is a Renaissance faire held annually in downtown Florence, Alabama on the fourth full weekend in October each year.

## History

The Alabama Renaissance Faire was created in 1987 by a group of educators and city leaders meeting over the summer. The proposed fairs' purpose was twofold: ..."1) to create a festival that would occur during the school year; and 2) to make sure that the event would include as many subjects within the area schools’ curricular offerings as possible..." Because the city of Florence, Italy was one of the centers of the historic Renaissance period — as well as the city's namesake — the organizers thought that would be the perfect theme for their education-focused fair. They held the first small fair that October. The Alabama Renaissance Faire has been a celebration of Florence's "Renaissance City" identity since then. The following year, the state of Alabama's senate and house passed a bill that designated Florence as the state's official renaissance fair city.

## Details

The Faire is held in the city's Wilson Park, renamed 'Fountain-on-the-Green' for the event, and averages between 30 and 40,000 participants every year. Elements of the fare and activities that take place during the fair have expanded from the original plans. They now include magic performers, historical event reenactments, arts & crafts workshops, food, beverage, and merchandise vendors, costume-making workshops, elementary school art contests, song-writing contests, and musical performances. The fair takes place yearly on the fourth weekend in October.
The Alabama Renaissance Faire is run by a non-profit, all volunteer, group known as the "Roundtable." There are no admission fees to the public to attend the fair. The Faire is unique in that the event's figurehead, or 'Monarch,' rotates every year and is chosen by the organizers at the Renaissance Feast that precedes the faire by one week. The monarch decides the theme for the faire for that year, and is permitted to leave the throne in whatever fashion they decide.
No faire was held in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Banauli Vidyapati Dih

Banauli Vidyapati Dih (Maithili: बनौली विद्यापति डीह) is a historical place related to the great Maithili poet Vidyapati. It is located at Banauli village of Mahottari district in Madhesh Pradesh of Mithila region in Nepal.
It is 3.8 miles or 6.116 kilometres South-West from the historical, cultural and religious city of Janakpur Dham in Nepal. It is believed that when the Mughal emperor arrested the King Sivasimha of Mithila, then the King said to his friend and priest Vidyapati to flew his wife Lakhima Devi into the neighbouring country Nepal at his friends kingdom Banauli Raj. Dronwara Puraditya was the King of Banauli Raj Kingdom. Vidyapati and the queen Lakhima Devi took asylum at the court of Dronwara Puraditya. It is said that they lived here for twelve years. Vidyapati wrote many books there. The Government of Madhesh Pradesh declared it as a tourist centre.

## History

The presence of the place is recorded in the poem “Trishit” of Kali Kant Jha. There is a library called as Vidyapati Memorial Library near the site in the Banauli village of Nepal. There is a very big pond named as Lakshmi Sagar near the site. The site has been also recorded as the site of the capital of King Puraditya of Dronwara Dynasty Kingdom in the ancient Mithila. Dronwara Puraditya was the friend of another great Emperor King Sivasimha of Oiniwar dynasty in Mithila. According to the poem "Trishit" the Maithili poet Vidyapati wrote his books Bhagavat, Durga Bhakti and Tarangini here. According to a journal article "CREDIT SYSTEM IN MITHILA" at JSTOR, Vidyapati wrote his famous book Likhanavali at the court of King Dronwara Puraditya in Raj Banauli around Lakshman Samvat 299 ( 1418 AD ). Likhanavali is an important work of Vidyapati for the study of administrative, cultural and socio-economic life of early 15th century in Mithila.
# Lloyd Pettit

Lloyd Pettit (March 22, 1927 – November 11, 2003) was a sportscaster in Chicago and Milwaukee as well as the owner of the Milwaukee Admirals.

## Early life

Pettit was born in Chicago to Howard William Pettit and Audrey Lenora (née Richey), he had a sister named Lois. As a small child, his family moved to the Milwaukee suburb of Shorewood, Wisconsin where he graduated from Shorewood High School. He went on to study at Northwestern University, and graduated in 1950 with a degree in television and radio journalism. He was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. He worked as a Wisconsin sports broadcaster at WMAW and later WTMJ Radio until 1956.

## Chicago sports broadcaster

Pettit returned to Chicago, where he was a sports broadcaster on WGN-TV and WGN Radio for a variety of different teams during the 1960s, including the Chicago Cubs and Chicago White Sox. He usually worked as the sidekick for the main TV announcer, Jack Brickhouse. His baseball broadcasting style could be described as low-key and businesslike, compared with the excitable Brickhouse. He also broadcast the Chicago Bears, when Brickhouse was busy covering the Cubs or White Sox.
Pettit is most fondly remembered by fans of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. His first love in sports was ice hockey, and he shone at coverage of that sport. He was the original choice to broadcast the NHL's national games on CBS in the late '60s, but Jack Brickhouse, who ran WGN-TV's sports operations, would not release him from his contract to do the games, and the assignment went instead to Dan Kelly of the St. Louis Blues. That dispute led to his, and the team's, moving to WMAQ Radio in 1970. During his career, the Hawks had a number of highs and lows. Regardless, Pettit covered the games with enthusiasm and expertise. His signature catchphrase, which was even worked into the Blackhawks official fight song, "Here Come The Hawks," was "There's a shot... AND A GOAL!!!" He retired from the Blackhawks in 1976, after a dispute over the quality of his broadcast partners, and from all broadcasting in 1980 to pursue other business interests. He was presented with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award by the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1986.

## Milwaukee Admirals

After his broadcasting career finished, Pettit and his wife Jane returned to Wisconsin full-time. They bought the Milwaukee Admirals of the International Hockey League (now in the American Hockey League) in 1976. The Pettits were instrumental in getting the Bradley Center built, in the hopes of securing an NHL franchise, though the Pettits withdrew their bid when they felt the expansion fee was too high. The arena became the home of the Admirals and the National Basketball Association's Milwaukee Bucks, with whom they also had minority ownership.
He, and his wife, Jane Bradley Pettit, were both elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.
In 1994, Pettit and Jane were honored with the "Lombardi Award of Excellence" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation. The award was created to honor Coach Lombardi's legacy, and is awarded annually to an individual who exemplifies the spirit of the Coach.