OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indiana Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

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Indiana Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and a Pittsburgh suburb located in the United States. It contains the communities of Rural Ridge, Dorseyville, and Indianola. The population was 7,255 at the 2020 census.
The township was named after the Indiana Territory.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 17.7 square miles (46 km$^2$), all land.

### Streams

Deer Creek flows through the township.
The township contains the following communities: Dorseyville, Indianola, Rural Ridge, and Fox Chapel.

### Surrounding neighborhoods

Indiana Township has seven borders, including West Deer Township to the north, Frazer Township to the east, Harmar Township and Fox Chapel to the south, O'Hara Township to the southwest and the Shaler and Hampton townships to the west.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 6,809 people, 2,347 households, and 1,828 families residing in the township. The population density was 384.2 people per square mile (148.3 people/km$^2$). There were 2,457 housing units at an average density of 138.6 per square mile (53.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.67% White, 1.29% African American, 0.06% Native American, 2.16% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.
There were 2,347 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $55,168, and the median income for a family was $65,110. Males had a median income of $50,481 versus $33,914 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,068. About 4.2% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and politics

Presidential election results :
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
| 2020 | 50% 2,221 | 48% 2,153 | 1% 62 |
| 2016 | 52% 1,934 | 44% 1,627 | 4% 129 |
| 2012 | 58% 2,111 | 41% 1,494 | 1% 40 |

### Township Board of Supervisors

* [2017-2019] Republicans-5 (Schurko, Krally, Taylor, Kaan, Jorgensen), Democrats-0

## Communities

* Dorseyville
* Indianola
* Rural Ridge

## Education

The township is within the Fox Chapel Area School District.

## Notable person

* Shooby Taylor (1929–2003); scat singer, born in Indiana Township
# Soga people

The Soga (also called Basoga) are a Bantu ethnic group native to the kingdom of Busoga in eastern Uganda. The Basoga live in Uganda's districts of Bugiri, Iganga, Jinja, Kamuli, and Mayuge (formerly known collectively as Busoga) though new districts were formed later like Luuka, Kaliro, Namayingo, Bugweri, Namutunba and Buyende. Situated in eastern Uganda immediately north of the equator, Busoga is bounded by Lake Kyoga to the north, the Victoria Nile to the west, the Mpologoma River to the east, and Lake Victoria to the south. Busoga is 3,443 square miles (8,920 square kilometers) in area, with a length of about 100 miles (160 kilometers) and a width of a little over 50 miles (80 kilometers). These natural boundaries have enabled Basoga to have a uniqueness of their own as a group.

## History
### Early contact with European explorers

Busoga's written history began in 1862. On 28 July Royal Geographical Society explorer John Hanning Speke arrived at Ripon Falls (near Jinja, where the Victoria Nile flows from Lake Victoria and begins its descent to Egypt. Since Speke's route (inland from the East African coast) took him around the southern end of Lake Victoria, he approached Busoga from the west (through Buganda). Having reached his goal (the source of the Nile), he turned northward and followed the river downstream without exploring Busoga. He records, however, being told that Usoga (Swahili for Busoga) was an island (it is bordered on all four sides by water). According to the 2002 Census of Uganda, 16.2% of Basoga are Roman Catholic, 46.2% are Anglican (Church of Uganda), 30.6% are Muslim and 3.7% are Pentecostal.
# Arthur Lyons (writer)

Arthur Lyons (1946-2008) was an American fiction writer. Many of his novels feature Jacob Asch, a reporter turned private detective who solves cases involving the rich and famous. His 1986 novel Castles Burning became the basis for the TV movie Slow Burn. A former member of the Palms Spring City Council, Lyons also authored nonfiction works.
Lyons was born in Los Angeles on January 5, 1946. At age 11, he moved to Palm Springs, California. In 1967, he received a degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He died in Palm Springs on March 21, 2008, following a stroke.
Palm Springs holds an annual Arthur Lyons Film Noir Festival in Lyons' honor.

## Publications
### Non-fiction books

* Unnatural Causes, with Thomas Noguchi (1988)
* The Second Coming: Satanism in America (1970)
* Satan Wants You: The Cult of Devil Worship in America (1971)
* The Blue Sense: Psychic Detectives and Crime, with Marcello Truzzi (1991)
* Death on the Cheap: The Lost B Movies of Film Noir (2000)
* Physical Evidence, with Thomas Noguchi

### Novels

* The Dead Are Discreet (1974)
* All God’s Children (1975)
* The Killing Floor (1976)
* Dead Ringer (1977)
* Castles Burning (1979)
* Hard Trade (1981)
* At the Hands of Another (1983)
* Three With a Bullet (1984)
* Fast Fade (1987)
* Other People’s Money (1989)
* False Pretenses (1994)

### Short stories

* “Trouble in Paradise” (1985, The New Black Mask # 1)
* “Missing in Miami” (1986, Mean Streets)
* “Double Your Pleasure” (January 1989, AHMM)
* “Dead Copy” (1988, An Eye For Justice)
* “Twist Of Fate” (January 1990, AHMM)
* “The Tongan Nude” (October 1997, AHMM)
# Valdo Spini

Valdo Spini (born 20 January 1946 in Florence) is an Italian politician and author.
A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), in 1994 he founded the Labour Federation (FL), of which he was leader until 1998, when FL merged into the Democrats of the Left (DS) party. He has since been a leading member of the Socialist faction within the DS (1998–2007). He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1979, and re-elected seven times, remaining in office as an MP until 2008.
From 1981 to 1984 he was national Vice-Secretary of the PSI. He joined the Cabinet of Prime Minister Giuliano Amato in 1993-94 as Minister of the Environment. Previously he was Undersecretary of State for Interior Affairs and then Foreign Affairs.
He served as Chairman of the Defense Committee of the Chamber of Deputies from 1996 to 2001.
He was also elected member in 2009 of the Town Council of Florence, where he currently serves as President of the Institutional Affairs Committee, and is the leader of his own "SpiniperFirenze", an independent civic movement.
He has been editor (since 1981) of the "Quaderni del Circolo Rosselli" (Firenze, Alinea ed), a political culture magazine published by the "Circolo Rosselli" Foundation, a Florence-based think-tank, of which he is President. He is now also President of the Coordination of Italian Cultural Reviews (CRIC).
His last book is "Vent'anni dopo la Bolognina", 2010. ("Twenty Years After the Bolognina", referring to the dissolution of the Italian Communist Party at the end of the Cold War)
Valdo Spini is a Waldensian and the son of Giorgio Spini, a prominent Italian historian who died in 2006.
# Grease Your Hips

Grease Your Hips is an unofficial live album by American alternative rock band Hole. The double album is composed of live radio broadcast performances by Hole in 1994 at the Hollywood Palladium and the Berkeley Community Theatre in Berkeley, California, in late 1994. It was released on vinyl on January 22, 2016.

## Background

The tracks on Grease Your Hips originate from radio broadcasts of two Hole shows in 1994; first at the Hollywood Palladium in November, and second at the Berkeley Community Theatre in December. The title of the record is derived from a lyric in the track "Gutless."

## Release

The album was released initially on iTunes by Good Ship Funke Records, a United Kingdom-based label, on May 4, 2015. It was released as a double LP on January 22, 2016 in the United Kingdom by Let Them Eat Vinyl, and on January 29 in North America.

## Track listing

*Note: Tracks 1–11 recorded at the Hollywood Palladium, November 9, 1994; Tracks 12–19 recorded at the Berkeley Community Theatre, December 9, 1994

## Personnel

* Courtney Love – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Eric Erlandson – lead guitar
* Melissa Auf der Maur – bass, backing vocals
* Patty Schemel – drums
# Ma Po Mei

Ma Po Mei (Chinese: 麻布尾) is a village in Lam Tsuen, Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Ma Po Mei is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.
# Benjamin Minge Duggar

Benjamin Minge Duggar (September 1, 1872 – September 10, 1956) was an American plant physiologist.$^{:72}$ Surprisingly, he is best remembered for his contribution to another discipline, through his discovery in 1945 of chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, from a soil bacterium growing in allotment soil.

## Biography

Benjamin Minge Duggar was born at Gallion, Hale County, Alabama on September 1, 1872. He studied at several Southern schools, including the University of Alabama (1887-1889), Mississippi A & M College (B.S., 1891), and Alabama Polytechnic Institute (M.S., 1892); at Harvard and Cornell (Ph.D., 1898) and in Europe.
As a specialist in botany, he held various positions in experiment stations and colleges until 1901, when he was appointed physiologist in the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. He was professor of botany at the University of Missouri from 1902 to 1907 and spent a sabbatical at institutions in Germany, Italy, and France (1905-1906).
From 1907 to 1912 Duggar held the chair of plant physiology at Cornell University. In 1912 he became a research professor of plant physiology at Washington University, working with the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis. From 1917 to 1919, he was acting professor of biological chemistry at the Washington University School of Medicine. In 1927 he left Washington University to become professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin.
Duggar published many articles and books on a wide range of topics including mycology, mushroom growing, and plant physiology and pathology. He wrote extensively on plant diseases including Ravenelia, Rhizoctonia, cotton root rot disease, crown gall, and particularly tobacco mosaic virus. His comprehensive American textbook on plant pathology Fungous Diseases of Plants (1909') became a standard text on the topic. It was followed by the textbook Plant Physiology (1911)
After becoming an Emeritus Professor, he continued to carry out research. One project was with Lederle Laboratories, part of American Cyanamid, looking for a treatment for malaria based on a species of Rhododendron which he found at the New York Botanical Gardens. Another project resulted in the discovery of Streptomyces aureus n. sp. a fungus producing a strong antibiotic. As a result of his work on chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, he personally met with both the Pope and the Mikado of Japan.
Duggar was vice president of the Botanical Society of America in 1912 and 1914 and president in 1923. He also served as president of the American Society of Plant Physiologists in 1947.
Duggar died on September 10, 1956, in New Haven, Connecticut.
# Hugo Kraft

Hugo Kraft (10 February 1866, in Hamburg – 15 November 1925) was a Vice admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine.

## Biography

Hugo Kraft joined the Imperial Navy on April 16, 1883. On April 17, 1886, he was promoted to Leutnant zur See, on March 25, 1890 to Oberleutnant zur See, on August 19, 1896 to Kapitänleutnant, and on October 8, 1902 to Korvettenkapitän. In 1888, he was a company officer in the II Shipyard Division (Wilhelmshaven).
From September 1905 to 30 September 1907, he was commander of the cruiser SMS Berlin. In this position, he was promoted to Fregattenkapitän on April 27, 1907. He then served as department chief in the Admiral's Staff of the Navy until May 1910. He was then in command of the armored cruiser SMS Scharnhorst) until November 1911. From January 1911 to March 1911, he was additionally assigned to conduct the business of the chief of the cruiser squadron. As a Kapitän zur See (promoted on 13 October 1908), he was in command of the battleship SMS Westfalen from 17 April 1912 to 3 October 1913. He was promoted to the rank of Captain.
On 14 July 1914, he was promoted to Konteradmiral. From March 1914 until April 1916, Kraft was Chief Shipyard Director of the Wilhelmshaven shipyard. Subsequently, he was promoted to Vice Admiral on 25 November 1916 and he was Director of the Shipyard Department in the Reichsmarineamt until December 1917. In January/February 1918 and again in June/July 1918, he was deputy chief of IV Squadron. In the meantime, he was deputy chief of III Squadron in April/May 1918. From August 1918 to November 1918 he then took over III Squadron as chief. During the Kiel Sailor's Uprising in November 1918, he was commander of III Squadron, which was considered the main source of unrest. Kraft had several sailors and stokers arrested, contributing to the escalation of the unrest.
He was discharged on 8 January 1919.
# Francisco Gutiérrez de los Ríos

Francisco Gutiérrez de los Ríos, third count of Fernán Núñez, was born in the year 1644 and inherited the title from his mother, Ana Antonia Gutiérrez de los Ríos Córdova y Argote, whose surnames he adopted. His father was Diego Gutiérrez de los Ríos y Guzmán, a knight of the Order of Alcántara and a cousin of his wife. He died on April 21, 1721.
From serving as a page (menino) to Queen Mariana of Austria in his childhood to becoming the Governor-General of the Coasts of Andalusia and defending Cádiz against the English twice, he led a remarkable life. Known for his diverse interests, Francisco was a soldier, diplomat, Mediterranean traveler, and intellectual.

## Intellectual contributions and role in the Novatores movement

Among his intellectual contributions, Gutiérrez de los Ríos authored El hombre práctico o Discursos sobre su conocimiento y enseñanza, which was printed in Brussels in 1680 and reprinted in Madrid in 1764. The work is available online in the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes The book was meant to be a philosophical work for the benefit of his son. Furthermore, Gutiérrez de los Ríos wrote almost six thousand letters from 1679 to 1684, most notably to Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton and Oquere Osinu, an enslaved prince of Fante people. His correspondence provides in early modern European letter-writing.
He supported the Novatores movement which, as Pardo-Tomás et al., (2007) put it, emerged in the last third of the 18th century and; "attempted to overcome the Spanish absence from the starting point of the Scientific Revolution and intended to connect with “modern European science through the launching of a “renovation programme” which “denounced the causes of the backwardness and suggested measures to solve it."
Retiring to Fernán Núñez, he avoided the court and implemented liberal reforms to improve sanitation, food supply, and the local economy.
# Reba Soffer

Reba N. Soffer (born 1934) is an American historian. She is Professor Emeritus of History at California State University, Northridge.

## Life

Soffer was born in 1934. She gained a B.A. from Brooklyn College in 1955 and a M.A. from Wellesley College in 1957. She gained her Ph.D. from Radcliffe College in 1962.

## Works

* Ethics and Society in England: The Revolution in the Social Sciences, 1870–1914. University of California Press, 1978.
* Discipline and Power: The University, History, and the Making of an English Elite, 1870–1930. Stanford University Press, 1995.
* History, Historians, and Conservatism in Britain and America: From the Great War to Thatcher and Reagan. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 9780199208111
# IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award

The IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award was a Technical Field Award given each year by the IEEE to an individual or team of two people who have made outstanding contributions to information processing systems in relation to computer science. The award was discontinued in 2012.
The award was established in 1976 and named in honor of Emanuel R. Piore. It could be presented to an individual or a team of two. Recipients of this award received a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium.

## Recipients

The following people received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award:
* 2012: Fred B. Schneider
* 2011: Shafi Goldwasser
* 2010: Nancy Lynch
* 2009: David DeWitt
* 2008: Richard Rashid
* 2007: Randal Bryant
* 2006: Robert K. Brayton
* 2005: Jacob A. Abraham
* 2004: Leslie Lamport
* 2003: Giovanni De Micheli
* 2002: Brian Randell
* 2001: Ravishanker K. Iyer
* 2000: William Kahan
* 1999: Narendra Ahuja
* 1998: Janak H. Patel
* 1997: Shun'ichi Amari
* 1996: Edward J. McCluskey
* 1995: Yale N. Patt
* 1994: John L. Hennessy
* 1993: Makoto Nagao
* 1992: Harold S. Stone
* 1991: Joseph F. Traub
* 1990: Allen Newell
* 1989: Peter A. Franaszek
* 1988: Grace Hopper
* 1987: David Kuck
* 1986: David C. Evans and Ivan Sutherland
* 1985: Azriel Rosenfeld
* 1984: Harvey Cragon
* 1983: Niklaus Wirth
* 1982: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
* 1981: No Award
* 1980: Lawrence Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer
* 1979: Richard Hamming
* 1978: J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
* 1977: George Stibitz
# Lane Education Service District

Lane Education Service District (Lane ESD) is an education service district which provides services to the 16 school districts in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Its headquarters are at 1200 Highway 99N in Eugene.

## Administration

Lane ESD's superintendent is Tony Scurto. An assistant superintendent, three service area directors and an executive assistant provide support.
Lane ESD is governed by a citizen-elected Board of Directors and an appointed advisor representing employment training. Five of the Board positions represent geographical zones, and two are designated at-large. All members serve four-year terms.

## Districts

Lane ESD operates across the 16 school districts in Lane County:
* Bethel School District
* Blachly School District
* Creswell School District
* Crow-Applegate-Lorane School District
* Eugene School District 4J
* Fern Ridge School District
* Junction City School District
* Lowell School District
* Mapleton School District
* Marcola School District
* McKenzie School District
* Oakridge School District
* Pleasant Hill School District
* Siuslaw School District
* South Lane School District
* Springfield School District
# Joël Bopesu

Joël Bopesu (born 25 January 1995) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Pyunik. He formerly played for Arles-Avignon, where he made one appearance in Ligue 2, coming on as a substitute for Téji Savanier in the 4–1 win against Orléans on 15 May 2015. Besides France, he has played in North Macedonia, Latvia, Ukraine and Lithuania.

## Career

After one year with Épinal, one year with Calais, six months with FK Skopje and six months again with FK Rabotnički, he moved to Riga FC in February 2019.
# Acta Borealia

Acta Borealia is an interdisciplinary research journal dedicated to cultural studies. It was established in 1984. It is published in English by Routledge and is based at the Tromsø University Museum and University of Tromsø.
The journal publishes research findings on society in the Arctic area. The journal focuses in particular on ethnicity; settlement patterns and settlement development; economics; and political, cultural, and social phenomena from prehistory to the recent past.
The journal is edited by Bryan Hood (Tromsø), Liv Helene Willumsen (Tromsø), Roger Jørgensen (Tromsø), and Rane Willerslev (Aarhus). The editorial board has members from Denmark, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.
According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), the journal h-index is 16.
# Bronisława Kowalska

Bronisława Kowalska (5 December 1955 – 26 December 2020) was a Polish politician.

## Biography

Born in Starachowice, Poland, she served as a Deputy from 1993 to 2005 and as a MEP in 2004. She was a member of the Democratic Left Alliance.
Kowalska, who had leukemia, died from COVID-19 in Kielce amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, 21 days after her 65th birthday.
# Jeong Nan-jeong

Jeong Nan-jeong (Korean: 정난정; Hanja: 鄭蘭貞; 1509 – November 13, 1565) was a Korean de facto politician of the Joseon period.

## Biography

Lady Jeong was born in Hanseong into the Chogye Jeong clan to Jeong Yun-gyeom, a deputy general, and his concubine, Lady Nam. She was the illegitimate daughter among her father's three sons and two daughters. Lady Jeong's mother was a slave because she was involved in treason, and was eventually assigned to the house of Jeong Yun-gyeom.
When she was young, she fell in love with Yun Won-hyeong, the younger brother of Queen Munjeong, and became his concubine. Lady Jeong soon became the influential concubine of Yun Won-hyeong, who himself was the maternal uncle of 13th King Myeongjong, and Chief State Councilor during 1563 to 1565.
Later, when Kim Allo's conspiracy to dethrone Queen Munjeong was discovered, Kim Allo was investigated and she poisoned Kim Allo's first cousin once removed, Yun Won-hyeong's first wife, Lady Kim of the Yonan Kim clan. After that, in the 8th year of King Myeongjong's reign, Queen Munjeong had made it a priority to make Jeong Nan-jeong her sister-in-law.
She soon became the second wife with full status. She became very close to her sister-in-law Queen Munjeong, and gained a good amount of wealth. But because she was the second wife, the children of Lady Kim inherited the wealth of the clan rather than her own.
In 1565, after the death of the Queen, both Jeong and Yun were exiled from the capital and, unable to make a political comeback, both committed suicide by poison (Jeong first, followed by her husband five days later)

## Family

* Father - Jeong Yun-gyeom (정윤겸; 鄭允謙; 1463–1536)
** Grandfather - Jeong On (정온; 鄭溫; 1435–1508)
** Grandmother - Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan (원주 원씨; 1428–?); eldest daughter of Won Ja-min (원자민, 元自敏; 1380–?)
* Mother - Lady Nam (남씨; 南氏; 1473–?)
* Husband - Yun Won-hyeong (윤원형; 尹元衡; 1509 – 18 November 1565)
* Issue
** Daughter - Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨; 1545–?)
*** Son-in-law - Yi Jo-min (이조민; 李肇敏; 1541–?)
**** Granddaughter - Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan (용인 이씨; 1560–?)

## In fiction

* Portrayed by Kang Soo-Yeon in the 2001 SBS TV Series Ladies in the Palace.
* Portrayed by Park Joo-mi in the 2016 MBC TV series The Flower in Prison.
* Portrayed by Yoon Ji-min in the 2019 TV Chosun TV series Joseon Survival Period.