# Gladiators (franchise)

Gladiators is a sports entertainment television show that was first broadcast in the United States and was an international success during the 1990s and early 2000s.
The concept of the show is that athletic members of the public battle against the show's own Gladiators (often semi-professional or ex-athletes) to claim points in several events that require speed, strength and skill. In the final event of the show, "The Eliminator" the contenders race against each other (with starting times based on previous events), with the first to finish winning the episode and moving onto the next round.
Versions of the show were filmed for local broadcasters in the United Kingdom, Finland, Japan, Australia, South Africa, Sweden, Nigeria, and Denmark. Selected athletes from Russia, Germany, Netherlands, South Korea and The Bahamas would also compete in international shows during the series' original run, despite the fact that they did not have their own domestic series.
After a lengthy break, Gladiators was revived in 2008 in the UK, the US and Australia; in 2009 Lebanon created their own series featuring competitors from all over the Arab region and in 2012 Sweden brought back their version which proved most successful of all revivals, with another revival airing in Finland during 2017 and 2019. A further British revival began airing in 2024 and was followed by a short-lived Australian revival; later that year a French version was launched for the first time, however both of the latter versions were poorly received and attracted low ratings.
A children's derivative of the concept was also made in the US, called Gladiators 2000 (a.k.a. G2) (1994–1996). A UK variant of this was aired starting in 1995, called Gladiators: Train 2 Win. A one-off, celebrity derivative primetime special in the US, called Superstar American Gladiators aired on ABC on May 4, 1995.

## History
### 1990s success

The initial concept for the show by Dan Carr and John C. Ferraro was held in Erie, Pennsylvania, in the USA before being sold to Samuel Goldwyn Productions/MGM where the format was adapted and televised as American Gladiators with the first series airing over 1989–90. As the show progressed, new events were introduced along with new Gladiators, sometimes retiring previous Gladiators.
Following the success of American Gladiators, other countries began to produce their own versions of the show with the UK and Finland starting production in 1992. American Gladiators had already picked up a cult following in the UK after being shown on late night TV. The UK, most noticeably adapted the concept into a large arena (the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham), glamorising the show, often adapting events from the American series as well as introducing many of their own, often more high-tech. Winners from the UK and Finnish series would then go over to America, to film a special show of American Gladiators in which they competed against the current American champions along with selected athletes from other territories such as Japan and the Bahamas and South Korea.
In early 1995, the first full scale international competition was launched in which selected Gladiators from the American, Finnish and British series competed against contender champions from those three countries. A fourth country, Russia was added but as they did not have their own domestic series, the Gladiators and contenders were hand-picked by Russian TV producers. The Finnish series ceased production after International Gladiators 1.
In 1995, Australia began production of their own show, basing it on the UK series. After the first series, a three part 'Ashes' mini series was filmed in Australia, in which a selection of British and Australian Gladiators faced champions from the opposing countries. Australia then went on to compete in International Gladiators 2 along with the UK and the US. Russia also returned, even though they still did not have a domestic series. Germany and South Africa also competed even though they too did not have their own domestic series.

### Decline

After International Gladiators 2, the American Gladiators series ceased production due to falling ratings, although a live dinner show ran in Florida between 1996 and 1998. The UK and Australia continued to produce their own editions of the show, with the UK continuing to add new events to its roster (retiring some due to safety reasons) with Australia adding events from the UK series in its second and third series.
In 1996, the UK and Australia faced each other again in 'the Ashes 2' this time held in the UK Gladiator arena and an Australia vs. Russia mini series was filmed in Australia with two of the Russian Gladiators who had appeared in International Gladiators 2 appearing alongside new faces. After both of the mini series were filmed and aired, the Australian show was cancelled due to falling ratings, even though plans for a fourth domestic series had commenced, which would include a brand new event that would be exclusive to Australia. A third series of International Gladiators was planned to be filmed in Australia, but this was cancelled after ITV and LWT refused to finance another series. A third Ashes series was also planned for 1997, but this was also cancelled by the time the UK's sixth domestic series aired.
In 1997, South Africa competed against the UK in the Springbok Challenge held in the UK Gladiator arena, despite the fact that they did not have their own domestic series. Only one of the South African Gladiators who appeared in International Gladiators 2 appeared.
In 1998, there were plans for the show to have a massive overhaul, but this was cancelled after it was announced that the UK series was to be axed due to falling ratings. A final mini series in which past champions competed was filmed instead. It was at this time that South Africa finally began production of their own series and in 2000, a team of UK Gladiators and contenders went over to film the Springbok Challenge 2, a series filmed exclusively for South African TV only.

### New millennium

With the South African production in full swing, other territories began producing their own versions. Sweden began producing their own version in 2000 under the name Gladiatorerna, with the old UK apparatus being shipped over. Before TV4 started producing its own seasons, the American version was broadcast in the 1990s with Swedish commentators. Short lived series in Nigeria (2002) and Denmark (2003) followed.
In 2001, the South African series was overhauled, but it proved unpopular with viewers and the show was axed. Sweden continued to produce Gladiators, creating an event unique to the series, Spidercage, before being axed in 2004.

### The revival

In August 2007, NBC confirmed that a revival of American Gladiators would be produced by Reveille Productions and MGM Television to air mid season during early 2008. In addition to events from the original show, the series drew elements from the 1990s UK series as well as being updated for the new millennium in which several events would be played over water. The UK also produced a revival of Gladiators. In September 2007, the Seven Network in Australia announced that it too was reviving Gladiators, although unlike the American revival, the Australian revival was to follow the lines of its predecessor rather than be overhauled.
The first episode of the new American Gladiators premiered on Sunday 6 January 2008 proving to be a ratings hit. A second season was instantly commissioned. At the same time, it was announced that Sky One were commissioning a UK revival which would follow the basis set by the American revival.
The Australian revival premiered on 30 March 2008 with the UK series starting on Sunday 11 May. Both revivals proved instant ratings hits for their respective channels. On 12 May 2008, the second season of the American show began, with the series being moved to a bigger arena.
Due to low ratings, the Seven Network placed filming for a second series on hold and released the Gladiators from their holding contracts. NBC similarly have yet to commission a third series due to ratings for the second series being lower than expected.
The UK revival first aired in August 2008, a second series aired in January 2009. On 20 May 2009, the UK series was axed by the new controller for Sky 1, Stuart Murphy.
The Arab World launched its own version in 2009 featuring contenders and Gladiators from all over the Arab region. It only lasted one season.
Between 2012 and 2017, the Swedish version, known as Gladiatorerna, made a return to television and the revived show proved to be successful and is the longest lasting revival of the franchise.

### Potential revivals

In July 2014, Arthur A. Smith company announced plans to bring American Gladiators back again for the third time and were shopping the idea to networks to give it a home, this version would have incorporated elements that were inspired by films such as The Hunger Games along with mixed martial arts.
In August 2018, actor Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg announced plans to bring American Gladiators back again for the fourth time and are shopping the idea to distributors who are interested in the revival.
In August 2019, former UK gladiator Wolf said in a Lorraine interview, he has been begging TV producers to bring back the UK version of the show for a third time. Davina McCall expressed an interest to host the show later that month.
In September 2021, it was reported that MGM Television has teaming up with WWE for a reboot of American Gladiators that will featuring WWE wrestlers. The project is currently being pitched to broadcasters and streaming platforms.

### Second official revivals

In July 2022, Metro reported that BBC One were in talks to bring back the UK version. Filming was rumoured to take place in Sheffield Arena early next year. The revival was confirmed by the BBC on 25 August 2022.
In July 2023, following the BBC’s revival of the British version, the Australian version of the show was confirmed to return for the second time and is set to be revived by Warner Bros. Television Studios. The revival was cancelled after only one season as it "didn’t resonate with audiences".
In May 2024, Amazon Prime announced that they had ordered a reboot of American Gladiators and a casting call was sent out in June 2024. Later that month, it was confirmed that the format had been sold to French broadcaster TF1 and would be produced by ITV Studios France. The French version was filmed in Aren'Ice, a multi-purpose arena that is primarily used as an ice rink, located in Cergy.

## Format

In a standard show, two female and two male contenders face each other and the Gladiators in anywhere from four to seven events. The line up of events differs across each show with different Gladiators playing the different events dependent on their skill type. Towards the end of the initial UK and American series, the male and female contenders did not necessarily play the same events. Contenders score points for winning against the Gladiators, with the winner having a time advantage in the last event the contenders compete in, the Eliminator.
The winner of the Eliminator goes through to the next round (or wins the series) unless a qualifying time is needed for the next round.
Shows are usually presented by a male and female host (with the exception of all but two seasons of the original American Gladiators, which were presented by two male hosts), as well as a main referee (often wearing a striped black and white shirt, in the style of an American football referee) presiding over events, handing out disqualifications or red and yellow cards to contenders or Gladiators if needed. A timekeeper is often present behind the referee but these are not always referred to or provide a speaking role. An unseen commentator will provide play by play accounts (again with the exception of the original American series, where the on-screen hosts also provided the play by play)
The show is filmed in front of a live studio audience made up of fans and supporters of the contenders. It is not uncommon for the cameras to focus on particular crowd members or banners. Some incarnations of the show such as the Australian and original UK series have cheerleaders to provide background entertainment.

## Events

There have been 35 events involving Gladiators (as well as the Eliminator) across the incarnations. Four of the events have an alternate name in certain territories. A different selection of the events will be played in each episode. No single territory has had all thirty five events on its roster. The UK had the biggest number of events during its initial run with twenty three events.
All events were created by either the American or UK series with the exception of "Soccer Shootout" (South Africa) and "Spidercage" (Sweden). The UK notably adapted some of the American events, with the adaptations becoming the standard design for the concept. For example, the UK version of "Skytrack" would later be adopted by the Australian and American revival series whereas the UK concept of the American event "Tug-o-War" known as "Tilt" eventually superseded Tug-o-War for the 2008 American revival.
Over the course of the original UK and American series, several events were dropped, often due to safety reasons. The Eliminator was the only event which was played in every episode across every territory.

## The Gladiators

There have been more than 400 Gladiators across all participating territories. Inevitably, there has been some repeat usage of names, and there have been seven instances where the same name has been used twice in a territory for a televised series. The original American Gladiators had two different Gladiators named Lace, and the names Siren and Titan have been used in both the original and revival formats of the American show. The names Amazon, Panther, Siren and Warrior have been used for both the original and revived UK shows. The name Valkyria was used both in the original and revived series in Sweden. The names Panther, Ice, Scorpio/Scorpion, Tornado, Lightning, Blade, Cyclone, Fierce/Féroce/Hurja, Flash, Force, Shadow, Ninja, Thunder, Viper, Nitro, Tiger/Tiikeri, Terminator, Cobra, Rebel, Hurricane, Laser, Phoenix, Destroyer, Rocket, Dynamite, Sabre, Bullit/Bullet, Delta and Steel have been used for both male and female Gladiators.
Most Gladiators come from either a bodybuilding or athletic background. Nine Olympic athletes have competed as Gladiators: Amazon (Sharron Davies) (UK), Nightshade (Judy Simpson) (UK), Rebel (Jennifer Stoute) (UK), Olympia (Tatiana Grigorieva) (first Australian revival), Hurricane (Breaux Greer) (US revival), Predator (Du'aine Ladejo) (first UK revival), Battleaxe (Shirley Webb) (first UK revival), Phantom (Toby Olubi) (second UK revival) and Fire (Montell Douglas) (second UK revival).
There have been a few instances where contenders have become Gladiators. Minna Ryynänen, a quarter-finalist from the first series of Finnish Gladiators returned as Gladiator Safiiri for the next series. UK season 3 and International Gladiators 1 champion Eunice Huthart became Gladiator Blaze. However, Eunice only competed as Blaze in non televised live shows, opting to perform as herself in future televised episodes. Australian series 2 champion and International Gladiators 2 runner-up Lourene Bevaart became Glacier, American Gladiators 2008 series 1 champions Monica Carlson and Evan Dollard becoming Jet and Rocket respectively (this was actually mentioned as part of the "prize package" for this season) and after a seven-year gap, Gladiatorerna season 5 winner Patrick Lessa joined the Swedish team for the 2012 revival as Gladiator Baron Samedi, series 4 Gladiaattorit champion Janica Timonen joined the 5th series as Siren (Seireeni).
Only two Gladiators have played for two different domestic series in differing countries; Vulcan (John Seru) who was originally an Australian Gladiator who transferred to the UK team for Season 7 upon the end of the Australian series and Fox (Tammy Baker) who transferred from the UK to the South African team when the UK series finished. Laser (Tina Andrew), a UK Gladiator went on to compete as Sheena, a member of a South African team for the Springbok Challenge 1. However, she did not compete in the domestic South African series.
Some Gladiators have died since their Gladiator careers ended, including Siren, Havoc, Hawk, Rage, Atlas, Thunder, and Gold from the original American Gladiators, Dynamite and Spartak from Russia, Zeke and Indra from Sweden, Sahara and Samson from South Africa, Ninja from Japan, Viking and Timantti from Finland, Sapphire from Nigeria, and Falcon from the United Kingdom.

## International versions
### Domestic series

| Country | Show name | Host(s) | TV station | Premiere | Finale |
| Arab League | المصارعون | Zeina Khoury | LBC | 2009 | 2009 |
| Arab League | المصارعون | Nasser Abu Lafi | LBC | 2009 | 2009 |
| Australia | Gladiators (1995) | Kimberley Joseph | Seven Network | 29 April 1995 | 12 October 1996 |
| Australia | Gladiators (1995) | Aaron Pedersen | Seven Network | 29 April 1995 | 12 October 1996 |
| Australia | Gladiators (1995) | Mike Hammond | Seven Network | 29 April 1995 | 12 October 1996 |
| Australia | Gladiators (2008) | Tom Williams | Seven Network | 30 March 2008 | 6 July 2008 |
| Australia | Gladiators (2008) | Zoe Naylor | Seven Network | 30 March 2008 | 6 July 2008 |
| Australia | Gladiators (2024) | Beau Ryan | Network 10 | 15 January 2024 | 28 January 2024 |
| Australia | Gladiators (2024) | Liz Ellis | Network 10 | 15 January 2024 | 28 January 2024 |
| Denmark | Gladiatorerne | Lotte Thor-Jensen | TV3 | 2003 | 2003 |
| Denmark | Gladiatorerne | Jakob Kjeldbjerg | TV3 | 2003 | 2003 |
| Finland | Gladiaattorit | Juha-Pekka 'JP' Jalo [fi] | MTV3 | 6 January 1993 | 11 May 1994 |
| Finland | Gladiaattorit | Katariina Ebeling | MTV3 | 6 January 1993 | 11 May 1994 |
| Finland | Gladiaattorit | Minna Aaltonen | MTV3 | 6 January 1993 | 11 May 1994 |
| Finland | Gladiaattorit | Heikki Paasonen | Nelonen | 23 September 2017 | 16 December 2017 |
| Finland | Gladiaattorit | Viivi Pumpanen | MTV3 | 21 April 2019 | 16 June 2019 |
| France | Gladiators: Qui osera les défier? | Denis Brogniart | TF1 | 27 December 2024 | 17 January 2025 |
| France | Gladiators: Qui osera les défier? | Hélène Mannarino | TF1 | 27 December 2024 | 17 January 2025 |
| France | Gladiators: Qui osera les défier? | Jean-Pierre Foucault | TF1 | 27 December 2024 | 17 January 2025 |
| Japan | Bang! Bang! Bang! | George Tokoro | Fuji Television | January 1996 | September 1996 |
| Japan | Bang! Bang! Bang! | Silvia Tomoko Hane | Fuji Television | January 1996 | September 1996 |
| Nigeria | MTN Gladiators | Ken Cyril Nta | M-Net Africa | 2002 | 2002 |
| Nigeria | MTN Gladiators | Rich Cyril Nta | M-Net Africa | 2002 | 2002 |
| Russia | Гладиаторы (Gladiators) | Nikita Panfilov [ru] | NTV | TBA | TBA |
| South Africa | MTN Gladiators | Ursula Stapelfeldt | SABC3 | 1999 | 2002 |
| South Africa | MTN Gladiators | Glenn Hicks | SABC3 | 1999 | 2002 |
| South Africa | MTN Gladiators | James Lennox | SABC3 | 1999 | 2002 |
| Sweden | Gladiatorerna | Gunde Svan | TV4 | 31 March 2000 | 2 April 2004 |
| Sweden | Gladiatorerna | Agneta Sjödin | TV4 | 31 March 2000 | 2 April 2004 |
| Sweden | Gladiatorerna | Gry Forssell | TV4 | 7 January 2012 | 27 January 2018 |
| Sweden | Gladiatorerna | Anders Timell | TV4 | 7 January 2012 | 27 January 2018 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (1992) | Ulrika Jonsson | ITV | 10 October 1992 | 1 January 2000 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (1992) | John Fashanu | ITV | 10 October 1992 | 1 January 2000 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (1992) | Jeremy Guscott | ITV | 10 October 1992 | 1 January 2000 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (2008) | Ian Wright | Sky One | 11 May 2008 | 25 October 2009 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (2008) | Kirsty Gallacher | Sky One | 11 May 2008 | 25 October 2009 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (2008) | Caroline Flack | Sky One | 11 May 2008 | 25 October 2009 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (2024) | Bradley Walsh | BBC One | 13 January 2024 | |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators (2024) | Barney Walsh | BBC One | 13 January 2024 | |
| United States | American Gladiators | Mike Adamle | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators | Joe Theismann | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators | Todd Christensen | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators | Larry Csonka | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators | Lisa Malosky | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators | Danny Lee Clark | Syndication | 9 September 1989 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | American Gladiators (2008) | Hulk Hogan | NBC Telemundo | 6 January 2008 | 4 August 2008 |
| United States | American Gladiators (2008) | Laila Ali | NBC Telemundo | 6 January 2008 | 4 August 2008 |
| United States | American Gladiators | TBA | Amazon Prime Video | TBA | TBA |
A number of versions were cancelled in the pre-production stage: these are France's Gladiateur (Gladiator) in 1993, Spain's Gladiadors in 1994, Poland's Gladiatorzy (Gladius) in 1999, the Italian Gladiatore in 2008, and the Turkish version Gladyiators in 2009.
Zodiac TV, who worked alongside TV4 and MTV Produktion to produce Gladiatorerna and Gladiatorerne in the early 2000s, also started to create series in Russia, Germany, and Benelux (Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), but they never materialised.

### International series and specials

| Show name | Year | Participants | Episodes | Location |
| International Challenge of Champions | 1993 | USA, Nigeria, Netherlands, UK, Germany, Japan and South Korea | 1 | United States |
| International Challenge of Champions | 1994 | USA, Japan, UK, Finland and The Bahamas | 1 | United States |
| International Gladiators 1 | 1994 | UK, USA, Russia and Finland | 7 | United Kingdom |
| International Gladiators 2 | 1995 | UK, USA, Russia, Australia, Germany and South Africa | 7 | United Kingdom |
| International Gladiators 3 | 1996 | Australia, UK, USA, Germany and Russia | Un­known | Australia |
| Gladiators: Battle of the Champions | 1995 | UK, USA and Australia | 1 | United Kingdom |
| Gladiators: The Ashes 1 | 1995 | UK vs Australia | 3 | Australia |
| Gladiators: The Ashes 2 | 1996 | UK vs Australia | 3 | Australia |
| Gladiators: Australia vs Russia | 1996 | Australia vs Russia | 3 | Australia |
| Gladiators: Springbok Challenge 1 | 1997 | South Africa vs UK | 3 | United Kingdom |
| Gladiators: Springbok Challenge 2 | 2000 | South Africa vs UK | 11 | South Africa |

#### Notes

* 1 2 3 The UK had held the previous 2 international series at considerable cost to broadcaster ITV and production company LWT, who both refused to finance another series. The show was due to be filmed in Australia but with the end of the Australian domestic series, this series was cancelled as no other country agreed to host it.
* ↑ Also interested in competing were New Zealand, South Korea, Japan, South Africa and a joint Scandinavian team consisting of Sweden, Finland and Norway.
* ↑ A third edition was cancelled in pre-production due to the end of the Australian domestic series.
* ↑ This series has never been broadcast in the UK.

### Spin-offs

| Country | Name | Host(s) | TV station | Premiere | Finale |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Sharron Davies | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Daley Thompson | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Various Gladiators on rotation | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Margherita Taylor | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Kyran Bracken | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Train 2 Win | Lee Sharpe | ITV | 2 September 1995 | 13 March 1998 |
| United Kingdom | Gladiators: Epic Pranks | Nitro (Harry Aikines-Aryeetey) | CBBC | 15 February 2025 | 2025 |
| United States | Gladiators 2000 | Ryan Seacrest | Syndication | 17 September 1994 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | Gladiators 2000 | Maria Sansone | Syndication | 17 September 1994 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | Gladiators 2000 | Valarie Rae Miller | Syndication | 17 September 1994 | 11 May 1996 |
| United States | Superstar American Gladiators | Pat O'Brien | ABC | 4 May 1995 | 4 May 1995 |
| United States | Superstar American Gladiators | Kim Alexis Duguay | ABC | 4 May 1995 | 4 May 1995 |

## Other ventures
### 30 for 30

On April 12, 2021; it was announced by Vice Studios & ESPN Films that a documentary about American Gladiators has been set for an upcoming episode of the ESPN series 30 for 30 helmed by Ben Berman. The two part episodes aired on May 30 & May 31, 2023.

### Muscles & Mayhem

On June 28, 2023; a limited five-part documentary series called Muscles & Mayhem: An Unauthorized Story of American Gladiators was released on the streaming service Netflix.