OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# North Madison, Ohio

North Madison is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the unincorporated communities of Redbird and Madison-on-the-Lake in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 8,188 at the 2020 census. The area uses a mailing address of "Madison", with the ZIP Code 44057.

## Geography

The North Madison CDP is located in northeastern Lake County along the shore of Lake Erie in the northern part of Madison Township. The area known as Redbird is in the western part of the CDP, and Madison-on-the-Lake is in the eastern part. The CDP is located 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the unincorporated community of North Madison and U.S. Route 20. It is 4 miles (6 km) north of the village of Madison, 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Geneva, and 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Perry.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10.1 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census of 2010, there were 8,547 people, 3,323 households, and 2,306 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,120.2 inhabitants per square mile (818.6/km$^2$). There were 3,323 housing units at an average density of 852.5 per square mile (329.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.4% White, 0.9% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.
There were 3,077 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,535, and the median income for a family was $48,709. Males had a median income of $40,207 versus $23,689 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,473. About 4.8% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Khuga Dam

Tuitha Dam impounds the Tuitha River south of Churachandpur town (Manipur), India. The multipurpose project supplies electricity and water. It was started in 1983 and resumed in 2002 after being at a standstill for a period of time. The work is nearing its completion and the structure was scheduled to be commissioned during 2007. On 12 November 2010 Sonia Gandhi inaugurated the dam and dedicated it to the nation.
Description
* Height: 38 meters
* Width: 230 meters
* Cost estimate: INR 2.5 billion
Implementing companies:
* NPCC for earthen dam, spillways and canal
* R M Sinha & Co for power house and water supply
Present Status:
* Although the project has been inaugurated in 2010 by Smt. Sonia Gandhi, the irrigation canal is functional up to a few kilometres downstream, and the remaining part remains dry.
* The proposed hydroelectricity generation from the project never materialise. As of today not a single unit of electricity is generated from the dam. Paradoxically, no power house for generating electricity existed till today i.e. 17 March 2021 and may never be.
# Dos Mundos: Evolución + Tradición

Dos Mundos: Evolución + Tradición is the 13th studio album recorded by Mexican performer Alejandro Fernández, It was released by Fonovisa on December 8, 2009 (see 2009 in music).

## Album information

Dos Mundos is a double album by Alejandro Fernández featuring two different genres on each album. Dos Mundos: Evolución features songs recorded in Latin Pop, while Dos Mundos: Tradición features songs recorded in Regional Mexican. The two albums were sold both separately and bundled together under the title, Dos Mundos: Evolución + Tradición, making Fernández in one of few Latin artist to do something similar.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic (Evolución) | |
| Allmusic (Tradición) | |
| About.com (Both) | |
Regarding Dos Mundos: Evolución, James Monger of Allmusic gave the album a four-star rating and noted the album "relies on the glossy, straight-up Latin pop with elements of ballad, bolero, and mariachi that became his forte in the early 20th century". For Dos Mundos: Tradición, Alex Henderson gave the 3.5 out of 5 and compared the decision of Fernandez's to produce two albums by the same manner of Rocío Banquells. For the latter album, he called a "likable effort whether one is enjoying it as a stand-alone CD or as half of the double-disc Dos Mundos: Evolución y Tradición". Tijana Ilich of About.com gave both albums a five-star rating a called Evolución "Smooth, heartfelt, lyrically interesting pop" and "a good mix, expertly executed" for the musical genres of Tradición.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Joan Sebastian, except where noted

## Charts

Chart performance for Dos Mundos: Evolución :
| Chart (2009-2010) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 175 |
| US Top Latin Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Latin Pop Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
Chart performance for Dos Mundos: Tradición :
| Chart (2009-2010) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 183 |
| US Top Latin Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Regional Mexican Albums (Billboard) | 1 |

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) for Dos Mundos: Evolución | 2× Platinum+Gold | 150,000$^^$ |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) for Dos Mundos: Tradición | 2× Platinum | 120,000$^^$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) for Dos Mundos: Evolución | Platinum | 60,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum (Latin) | 240,000$^‡$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Citadel Christians

The Citadel Christians (Turkish: Kâle Hristiyanları; colloquially: قلعه مسیحیلری; romanised: Qəl‘ə Məsihiləri) are a community of ethnic Assyrians who speak their own dialect of Turkish and religiously follow the Chaldean Catholic Church. They are native to Kirkuk and have traditionally been the caretakers of the Kirkuk Citadel.

## History

They are ethnic Assyrians from Kirkuk who lived in or near the citadel, where they adopted the Turkish language from Iraqi Turkmen, especially during the Ottoman Empire. Their dialect is mutually intelligible with the Iraqi Turkmen dialect. Their official hymns, eulogies, and prayers are in Turkish. Their bible is in the Ottoman Turkish language written in the 1800s and is recited by community leaders. The Citadel Christians are not to be confused with the community of Iraqi Turkmen who follow the Roman Catholic Church. Iraqi Turkmen Catholics belonged to the Latin Church and numbered around 30,000 in 2015 and live all across Turkmeneli, including Kirkuk, while the Citadel Christians belonged to the Chaldean Church and were exclusively in Kirkuk before the migrations. The Citadel Christians, however, enjoyed good relations with Iraqi Turkmen and were both persecuted by the Ba'ath regime and the Islamic State. The Citadel Christians were described as a community of "a few thousand" in 2017. The Citadel Christians, and minorities in Kirkuk in general, had much cultural heritage destroyed by the Islamic State, and had most of their churches were shelled or destroyed, and many of them migrated. The community identifies as Assyrian, though they embrace their Turkish aspects and do not view themself as assimilated. A leader of the community stated that "our language since the days of our ancestors is Turkish, which we consider our mother tongue, and on top of that, we do not know anything about Chaldean. Our traditions of cooking, activity, culture, clothing, and civil life, are all Turkish". The Citadel Christians also saw the visit by Pope Francis to Iraq in 2021 as a symbol of hope for the future.
# Mandukasana

Mandukasana (Sanskrit: मन्दुकासन; IAST: Mandukāsana) or Frog pose is a group of seated asanas in Hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise, all of which put the body in a shape like that of a frog.

## Etymology and origins

The name comes from the Sanskrit मन्दुक manduka, "a frog", from the frog-like position of the legs in the asana.
The pose is one of the 32 "useful asanas" listed in the classic 17th century Hatha yoga text Gheranda Samhita; the variant pose Uttana Mandukasana is also in that list.

## Description

The pose is entered from a kneeling position. The knees are widened as far as possible, and the feet are positioned with the big toes touching, just behind the buttocks, which in the completed pose described by Vishnudevananda are on the ground. The hands may be placed on the knees.

## Variations

Mandukasana III is a form of the pose practised in India. It begins from a kneeling position with the buttocks on the feet, the fists pressed together in front of the navel, and the trunk inclined forward towards the horizontal, the head stretching forwards.
A further variant is entered from a squatting position, the feet shoulder-width apart, the toes pointing slightly outwards. The trunk is inclined forward until the shoulders are just below the knees, and the arms are threaded under the knees. The hands reach around the outsides of the shins to grasp the feet.
Adho Mukha Mandukasana, Downward Facing Frog, practised in the Western world, has the knees and the feet equally wide apart, the lower legs pointing straight backwards, and the body supported also by the forearms flat on the floor, the elbows below or a little in front of the shoulders, the palms pressed together with thumbs uppermost.
The Yin Yoga variant of Adho Mukha Mandukasana, named Frog Pose, has the chest lowered to the floor, the palms face down on the floor with the thumbs touching. The pose is characteristically held for three to five minutes.
Uttana Mandukasana, Extended Frog Pose, has the feet under or just behind the buttocks, the knees wide, and the trunk stretched upwards. The elbows may point straight upwards, the forearms crossed behind the neck and the palms resting on the shoulderblades, or the arms may be stretched out wide to the sides.
# Wielisławice, Lubusz Voivodeship

Wielisławice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Krajeńskie, within Strzelce-Drezdenko County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Strzelce Krajeńskie and 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
# Wielowieś, Lubusz Voivodeship

Wielowieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulęcin, within Sulęcin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) east of Sulęcin, 39 km (24 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and 52 km (32 mi) north of Zielona Góra.
# Wierzbnica, Lubusz Voivodeship

Wierzbnica (German: Würbitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bytom Odrzański, within Nowa Sól County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Bytom Odrzański, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Nowa Sól, and 34 km (21 mi) south-east of Zielona Góra.
# Hirohiko Nakamura

Hirohiko Nakamura (中村 博彦, Nakamura Hirohiko, January 29, 1943 – July 31, 2013) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Yoshinogawa, Tokushima and graduate of University of Tokushima, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2004 and re-elected for a second term in 2010, both times running on the Liberal Democratic proportional list. He was parliamentary secretary for Internal Affairs and Communications during the realigned Fukuda and Asō cabinets from 2008 to 2009.
# Saverio Cannistrà

Saverio Antonio Gennaro Cannistrà (born 3 October 1958) is an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who is currently archbishop-elect of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa.
# Embhuleni

Embhuleni is a royal village in South Africa's Mpumalanga province. It is located in Badplaas and is the home of the Chief of Embhuleni, Prince Makhosonke Dlamini. Embhuleni is one of the villages in South Africa where the annual Ummemo Cultural Event (a Swazi cultural celebration) takes place. Its authority under Chief Dlamini is known as Embhuleni Traditional Council, and is represented in the South African House of Traditional Leaders.

## History

The village of Embhuleni has existed since approximately 1842. It was established by Mswati II as a military outpost to protect eSwatini's land from potential invasions by the Bapedi.
The original royal residence of Embhuleni was built in Tjakastad, at the foot of Mkhingoma Mountain. One of King Mswati II’s wives, Queen Ngodzela Mkhonta, initially resided there, later joined by Queens Butsikati and Mnkabi, who were sent from mainland Eswatini. However, Ngodzela was soon recalled to Eswatini after being accused of concealing the misconduct of another of Mswati II's wives, Ndzinga Jele.
Following Ngodzela’s recall, Queen Nandzi Khumalo, known as LaMagadlela, was sent to Embhuleni as her replacement. She was the daughter of Magadlela Khumalo, a Zulu chief from the Mkhondo region.
Over the years, the Embhuleni royal residence relocated multiple times within the Dlomodlomo area before settling in its present location in Badplaas. This final move was largely due to colonialism, which disrupted traditional life and divided Embhuleni lands into farms controlled by the Boers.
LaMagadlela bore two daughters, Princesses File and Lozindaba, but no male heirs. After Mswati II’s death in 1868, the Swazi royal family sought to ensure the continuation of the Embhuleni lineage. They negotiated with LaMagadlela's family in Mkhondo, who sent a young woman, Bikwaphi Khumalo, to marry Prince Ntjentje, a son of Mswati II’s brother, Prince Kufa. Bikwaphi and Ntjentje had a son, Prince Sunduza, who was intended to become the Chief of Embhuleni. However, following Ntjentje’s death and Sunduza’s passing from illness at a young age, the leadership succession was disrupted.
To secure the lineage, Prince Mgwevu, another of Prince Kufa’s sons, married Bikwaphi. They had five children, including Princes Maquba, Mazingela, and Makinobho Amos. Since Sunduza had died, Maquba became the first recognized Chief of Embhuleni.
After LaMagadlela’s death in 1922, Bikwaphi served as regent of Embhuleni until Maquba formally assumed chieftaincy in 1931. She passed away in 1939. Maquba was later succeeded in 1953 by his son, Prince Mkolishi.
During the apartheid era, the Embhuleni royal kraal and King Sobhuza II advocated for the incorporation of KaNgwane (now part of Mpumalanga) into Eswatini. Their campaign was based on historical territorial claims and the controversial borders established during the Scramble for Africa, but these efforts were ultimately unsuccessful.
# HM LST-415

HMS LST-415 was a United States Navy LST-1-class tank landing ship that was transferred to the Royal Navy during World War II. As with many of her class, the ship was never named. Instead, she was referred to by her hull designation.

## Construction

LST-415 was laid down on 29 October 1942, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 935, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; launched 21 November 1942; then transferred to the United Kingdom and commissioned on 19 January 1943.

## Service history

LST-415 saw no active service in the United States Navy.
She was torpedoed at 03:00 by a German E-boat and beached off Thurrock, England, on 16 January 1945.
The tank landing ship was returned to United States Navy custody and struck from the Navy list on 2 June 1945. The ship was sold to a local British firm in January 1948, and subsequently scrapped in Grays, England.
# Helmuth Matt

Helmuth Matt (16 July 1946 – 20 April 2018) was a chemist and politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1986 to 1993.
Matt conducted a matura at the Liechtenstein Gymnasium in 1966 and then studied chemistry at the University of Basel, where he received a doctorate in 1976. He founded Dr. Matt AG chemical-analytical laboratory in Schaan. He lived in Schaan.
# Clarence Ray Carpenter

Clarence Ray Carpenter (usually credited as C. R. Carpenter) (November 28, 1905 – March 1, 1975) was an American primatologist who was one of the first scientific investigators to film and videotape the behavior of primates in their natural environments.
Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, Carpenter earned his Bachelor of Science (1928) and Master of Science (1929) degrees at Duke University and his Doctor of Philosophy (1932) degree at Stanford University.
From 1931 to 1934, Carpenter conducted field research on the natural behavior of primates under the sponsorship of Yale University professor Robert M. Yerkes. Carpenter's field work, part of the Asiatic Primate Expedition team, has been noted for bringing scientific rigor for primate field studies. This includes determining how to get an accurate count of individuals, recording and interpreting primate calls, and improving understanding of other complex social behaviors. According to Irven DeVore, "for the succeeding thirty years almost all of the accurate information available on the behavior of monkeys and apes living in natural environments was the result of Carpenter's research and writing." Carpenter's lar gibbon, Hylobates lar carpenteri, is named in his honor.
Though known for his innovations in field work, Carpenter also advocated for breeding rhesus macaques for scientific experimentation. He initiated an effort to move 400 monkeys from India to Santiago Island, now part of Puerto Rico, for experimentation.

## Books

* Behavioral Regulators of Behavior in Primates. C. R. Carpenter, ed. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 1974. Hardcover: ISBN 0-8387-1099-9, ISBN 978-0-8387-1099-9.

## Films

* C.R. Carpenter Primate Studies Series Pennsylvania State University

## Papers

* "Behavior and Social Relations of the Howling Monkey," Comparative Psychology Monographs, Johns Hopkins University, May, 1934.
* "Field Study in Siam of the Behavior and social Relations of the Gibbon," Comparative Psychology Monographs, Johns Hopkins University, December, 1940.
* "Societies of Monkeys and Apes," Biological Symposia, v. 8, 1942.
* "Evolutionary interpretation of human behavior," Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1942.
* "Social Behavior of the Primates," Colloques internationaux du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, v. 34, March, 1950.
# Sayhuite

Sayhuite (Sigh-weetey) is an archaeological site 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of the city Abancay, about 3 hours away from the city of Cusco, in the province Abancay in the region Apurímac in Peru. The site is regarded as a center of religious worship for Inca people, focusing on water. In the Monuments of the Inca by John Hemming, Hemming points to a colonial narrative that describes the interior of the Sayhuite temple. The temple featured larger columns draped in fabrics with gold bands the "thickness of one's hand." The temple was also under the care of the priestess Asarpay, who jumped to her death in the nearby 400 meter gorge to avoid capture by Spanish forces.

## Monolith

An important feature on the site is the Sayhuite monolith, an enormous rock containing more than 200 geometric and zoomorphic figures, including reptiles, frogs, and felines. Found at the top of a hill named Concacha, the stone was sculpted as a topographical hydraulic model, complete with terraces, ponds, rivers, tunnels, and irrigation channels. About two meters long, and four meters wide, the monolith is the most popular attraction at the archaeological site.

### Significance of the monolith

While the creators remain a mystery, the monolith provides archaeologists with insight into the culture of the pre-Columbian population. Archaeologists have determined that the site was an Incan religious center, where rituals and ceremonies for the worship of water was conducted. The monolith is an important clue to this, since it depicts a water-like flow between the carvings. Archaeologist Gary Urton states that "Carvings in its upper part represent terraces, irrigation canals, pumas, and other animals, such as lizards." and that it may be a symbolic representation of the valley.
# Aubrey Singer

Aubrey Edward Singer CBE (21 January 1927 – 26 May 2007) was a British broadcasting executive who spent most of his career at the BBC. He has been described as "the greatest director general that the BBC never had".
Singer was born in Bradford, England, left school aged 17 to train as a film editor, and joined the BBC in 1949. He was head of the Features Group which included Science & Features, Arts Features, and General Features. This group largely made documentary programmes. Singer took the lead in finding international funding for very ambitious co-productions, leading to the so-called 'Science Spectaculars' written by Nigel Calder, and then the 13-part "personal view" series such as Civilisation (1969) and The Ascent of Man (1973). He was also largely responsible for the historic 1967 Our World global satellite broadcast, which featured The Beatles.
Singer was the controller of BBC2 from 1974 until 1978, who replaced Robin Scott and was replaced himself by Brian Wenham. He spoke to the Oxford University Broadcasting Society in 1975.
From 1978 Singer was managing director of BBC Radio and from 1982 he was managing director of BBC Television. He was appointed a CBE in 1984. After early retirement from the BBC, he established White City Films where he was managing director until 1996.
Singer married Cynthia Adams in 1949 and they had two children.