OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Applied physics

Applied physics is the application of physics to solve scientific or engineering problems. It is usually considered a bridge or a connection between physics and engineering. "Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems and with the application of physics in other areas of science and high technology.

## Examples of research and development areas

* Accelerator physics
* Acoustics
* Atmospheric physics
* Biophysics
* Brain–computer interfacing
* Chemistry
* Chemical physics
* Differentiable programming
** Artificial intelligence
** Scientific computing
* Engineering physics
** Chemical engineering
** Electrical engineering
*** Electronics engineering
**** Computer science & engineering
*** Power engineering
*** Control engineering
** Materials science and engineering
*** Metamaterials
*** Nanotechnology
*** Semiconductors
*** Thin films
** Mechanical engineering
*** Aerospace engineering
**** Astrodynamics
**** Electromagnetic propulsion
**** Fluid mechanics
** Military engineering
*** Lidar
*** Radar
*** Sonar
*** Stealth technology
** Nuclear engineering
*** Fission reactors
*** Fusion reactors
** Optical engineering
*** Photonics
**** Cavity optomechanics
**** Lasers
**** Photonic crystals
* Geophysics
* Materials physics
* Medical physics
** Health physics
*** Radiation dosimetry
** Medical imaging
*** Magnetic resonance imaging
** Radiation therapy
* Microscopy
** Scanning probe microscopy
*** Atomic force microscopy
*** Scanning tunneling microscopy
** Scanning electron microscopy
** Transmission electron microscopy
* Nuclear physics
** Fission
** Fusion
* Optical physics
** Nonlinear optics
** Quantum optics
* Plasma physics
* Quantum technology
** Quantum computing
** Quantum cryptography
* Renewable energy
* Space physics
* Spectroscopy
# John Harris (bioethicist)

John Morley Harris, FMedSci, FRSA, FRSB (born 21 August 1945), is a British bioethicist and philosopher. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Manchester and founded the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation.

## Education

Harris was educated at the University of Kent gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1966 and Balliol College, Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1976 from the Faculty of Literae Humaniores.

## Career

Harris was one of the Founder Directors of the International Association of Bioethics and is a founder member of the Board of the journal Bioethics and a member of the editorial board of the Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. He is also the joint Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Medical Ethics. Throughout his career, he has defended broadly libertarian-consequentialist approaches to issues in bioethics.

## Awards

* Fellow of the United Kingdom Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2001, the first philosopher to have been elected to Fellowship of the then new National Academy
* Fellow of The Royal Society of Arts in 2006
* Member of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 1994
* Medal of the University of Helsinki, 1995
* Honorary Member of The International Forum for Biophilosophy, 2001
* Fellow of The Hastings Centre, 2004
* D.Litt. (honoris causa), University of Kent, 2010
# Ross Dowd

Ross Dowd (April 17, 1907 – August 25, 1965) was an American set decorator. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Art Direction.

## Selected filmography

Dowd was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Art Direction:
* The Facts of Life (1960)
* Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
# Coronet (yacht)

Coronet is a 131' wooden-hull schooner yacht built for oil tycoon Rufus T. Bush in 1885. It is one of the oldest and largest vessels of its type in the world, and one of the last grand sailing yachts of the 19th century extant. After numerous owners and decades of neglect, it underwent an extensive restoration at Newport, Rhode Island's, The International Yacht Restoration School from 2010 to 2022. She was transferred to Mystic Seaport for the final leg of her restoration

## History

The 131-foot (40 m) schooner Coronet was designed by William Townsend and built for Rufus T. Bush by the C. & R. Poillon shipyard in Brooklyn. Bush then put forth a $10,000 challenge against any other yacht for a transatlantic race. The ocean race between Coronet and the Caldwell Hart Colt's yacht Dauntless in March 1887 made Bush and the victorious Coronet famous— The New York Times devoted its entire first page for March 28, 1887 to the story.
After winning the 3,000-mile race and the $10,000 purse, Bush decided to sell Coronet and listed the vessel in England for $30,000. Rufus and his son Irving T. Bush then circumnavigated the globe on Coronet in 1888. Coronet was the first registered yacht to cross Cape Horn from East to West. After crossing the Pacific Ocean and stopping in Hawaii, Coronet made port in China, Calcutta, Malta and elsewhere.
Coronet was sold before Rufus's death in 1890 The vessel then passed through six different owners (Arthur E. Bateman, John D. Wing, Arthur Curtiss James, Fred S. Pearson, John I. Waterbury, and Louis Bossert) by 1905. The Coronet circumnavigated the globe several times and was used for a Japanese-American scientific excursion during an eclipse.
The Kingdom, a religious organization founded by Frank Sandford, purchased the ship in 1905 for $10,000 and took it around the world on prayer missions, including to Palestine. Coronet took a poorly planned missionary voyage to Africa in 1911 which resulted in six persons on board dying of scurvy. After the voyage, The Kingdom kept the yacht moored at Portland, Maine as well as Gloucester, Massachusetts and owned her until 1995.

## Restoration

The International Yacht Restoration School, in Newport, Rhode Island acquired the vessel in 1995 and began its restoration. IYRS added Coronet to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. In December 2006, IYRS conveyed title of the boat to the Coronet Restoration Partners in San Francisco to complete the restoration on IYRS's campus in Rhode Island, where restoration works started in 2010. She was transferred to Mystic Seaport’s restoration facility in December 2022 for the final leg of restoration.

## Coronet Gallery

* Coronet interior, showing original woodwork
* Coronet interior, hallway. Note curvilinear woodwork and etched mirror to left.
* Coronet interior, berth
* Coronet under restoration.
* building at IYRS housing the Coronet during 2008 restoration
# Charles Edward Price

Charles Edward Price (1857 – 7 July 1934) was a Scottish biscuit manufacturer who served as a politician in later life. He served as Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Edinburgh Central from 1906 to 1918.
Price began his career as a salesman for Cadbury.
In 1875 he joined with the established Edinburgh biscuit factory at the head of Leith Walk belonging to Robert McVitie (1809–1883) to create the company McVitie & Price.
In 1888 they moved to huge new premises at the St Andrews Biscuit Works on Robertson Avenue in the Gorgie district of south-west Edinburgh. In 1892 the company began to produce their famous Digestive biscuits.
In 1900 he was living at 18 Westhall Gardens in Edinburgh. Price retired from active involvement in 1901, being replaced by Alexander Grant (1864–1937) but continued in a consultative role.
In 1902 the company opened a huge new factory in Harlesden in North London and Price seems to have moved to London at that time. During the First World War the company won the government contract for creating the hugely widespread (if perhaps unpopular) "iron ration" biscuits, opening further new premises in Manchester to meet this demand. In 1925 the hugely popular Chocolate Digestive was added to their range, and the Jaffa cake in 1927.
In 1928 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Alfred Ewing, Sir Harold Stiles, Sir Thomas Hudson Beare and Ralph Allan Sampson.
In 1948 his company merged with Macfarlane Lang to create United Biscuits.
His photograph (aged 70) by Walter Stoneman is held in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
# Mersedeh Shahinkar

Mersedeh Shahinkar (born 1984) is an Iranian political activist who won the Sakharov Prize in 2023 as a part of the Woman, Life, Freedom movement together with Afsoon Najafi. In 2022 Iranian protests after Mahasa Amini's death by the Iranian regime, she lost her right eye as she was shot by a security agent. The government of Iran has called her a “threat to the country’s security”. In March 2023, due to growing concerns about her safety and the continued pressure from the regime, Mersedeh left Iran for Germany to continue her advocacy for the rights of Iranian women.

## Eye injury
### Incident

On October 15, 2022, Mersedeh and her mother joined other protesters on Tehran's Sattar Khan Street, chanting slogans against the Islamic Republic. Around 7:30 p.m., security forces—some on foot and others on motorcycles—moved in to disperse the crowd. An officer fired a paintball gun at her eye. Her mother, who had been shot in the leg a week earlier, was still taking antibiotics and painkillers at the time.

### Aftermath

After the incident, her bloody-faced photo spread rapidly online, prompting significant attention on social media. She subsequently left the country with her 11-year-old daughter.

## Awards

In November 2023, she received the National Endowment for Democracy Award. The following month, in December 2023, Mercedeh and Afsoon Najafi jointly won the Sakharov Prize as part of the Woman, Life, Freedom movement. In 2024, the Politiken's Freedom Prize was given to her.

## Personal life

Mersedeh Shahinkar is interested in physical fitness and works as a fitness instructor.
# Professional Distributor Magazine

Professional Distributor magazine is an automotive aftermarket magazine for mobile tool and equipment jobbers and tool and equipment warehouse distributors. The magazine has a circulation of approximately 15,000 automotive repair professionals.

## Overview

Professional Distributor is based in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. The magazine covers new tools and equipment in auto repair, sales tips for jobbers, IT help and more. It is issued 10 times per year. The magazine was part of Cygnus Business Media.

## Ownership

The company sold the magazine and others to SouthComm, Inc., a publishing and communications company, based in Nashville in November 2014. In 2018, Southcomm sold its trade publications to Endeavor Business Media.
# Ministry of Agriculture (Namibia)

The Ministry of Agriculture is a department of the Namibian government. It was established at Namibian independence in 1990. The first Namibian minister of agriculture was Gert Hanekom. Its current minister is Calle Schlettwein.

## Additional portfolios

In 1990 the ministry was established as Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development. In 1991 the portfolio of fisheries was split off, and a separate Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources was created. In 2000 the portfolio of rural development was removed, too, and given to the Ministry of Regional and Local Government. The agriculture ministry was renamed Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry.
In 2020 the ministry experienced its so far latest change of responsibilities. The portfolio of land reform was added after the disestablishment of the Ministry of Land Reform. The forestry portfolio was given to the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, and the agriculture ministry was thus renamed Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform.

## Ministers

All agriculture ministers in chronological order are:
| # | Name | (Birth–Death) | Party | Term start | Term end |
| Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development |||||||
| 01 | Gert Hanekom | 1930–1999 | SWAPO | 1990 | 1992 |
| Minister of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development |||||||
| 02 | Anton von Wietersheim | 1951– | SWAPO | 1992 | 1993 |
| 03 | Nangolo Mbumba | 1941– | SWAPO | 1993 | 1996 |
| Minister of Agriculture, Water and Forestry |||||||
| 04 | Helmut Angula | 1945– | SWAPO | 1996 | 2004 |
| 0 | Paul Smit (acting) | 1953– | none | 2004 | 2005 |
| 05 | Nickey Iyambo | 1936–2019 | SWAPO | 2005 | 2008 |
| 06 | John Mutorwa | 1957– | SWAPO | 2008 | 2018 |
| 07 | Alpheus ǃNaruseb | 1954– | SWAPO | 2018 | 2020 |
| Minister of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform |||||||
| 08 | Calle Schlettwein | 1954– | SWAPO | 2020 | |
# Marco Burch

Marco Burch (born 19 October 2000) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Ekstraklasa club Radomiak Radom, on loan from Legia Warsaw.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 11 November 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Luzern | 2019–20 | Swiss Super League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Luzern | 2020–21 | Swiss Super League | 18 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 2 |
| Luzern | 2021–22 | Swiss Super League | 34 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 43 | 3 |
| Luzern | 2022–23 | Swiss Super League | 25 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 3 |
| Luzern | 2023–24 | Swiss Super League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Luzern | Total | Total | 87 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 106 | 9 |
| Legia Warsaw | 2023–24 | Ekstraklasa | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Legia Warsaw | 2024–25 | Ekstraklasa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Legia Warsaw | Total | Total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Legia Warsaw II | 2023–24 | III liga, gr. I | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Legia Warsaw II | 2024–25 | III liga, gr. I | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Legia Warsaw II | Total | Total | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Radomiak Radom (loan) | 2024–25 | Ekstraklasa | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 105 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 125 | 9 |
* ↑ Includes Swiss Cup
* 1 2 3 Appearance(s) in UEFA Europa Conference League

## Honours

FC Luzern
* Swiss Cup: 2020–21
Individual
* Swiss Super League Team of the Season: 2022–23
# Jamie Erdahl

Jamie Marie Erdahl-Buckman (born December 3, 1988) is an American reporter for NFL Network and CBS Sports. She currently serves as one of the hosts of Good Morning Football on NFL Network. She was formerly the lead sideline reporter for the SEC on CBS, teaming up with Brad Nessler and Gary Danielson. Erdahl also covers the NCAA basketball regular season, the NBA and March Madness for CBS/Turner. She joined the company in 2014 and contributes to CBS Sports Network as a studio host.
Erdahl worked at New England Sports Network prior to joining CBS. In 2013, she filled in on the sidelines for Jenny Dell during the Boston Red Sox season. In 2014, NESN named Erdahl the Boston Bruins rink side reporter. She also worked in studio hosting NESN's 30-minute live news shows.

## Career

Erdahl was a basketball and softball player at St. Olaf College. She transferred to American University in 2009 to pursue a degree in broadcasting and communications. Before graduating in December 2011, Erdahl hosted several shows for the school, including 'Eye on the Eagle', a 30-minute magazine show featuring the men's basketball team that aired on Comcast SportsNet Washington. In 2022, she joined NFL Network's Good Morning Football (GMFB) as co-host.
# Prose Studies

Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on non-fictional prose from all periods. It covers subjects such as literature, literary history, biography and autobiography, and literary genres. It was established in 1977 as Prose Studies 1800-1900 and obtained its current name in 1980.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in America: History and Life, British Humanities Index, and the MLA International Bibliography.
# USS LST-454

USS LST-454 was a United States Navy LST-1-class tank landing ship used in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II.

## Construction

LST-454 was laid down on 31 July 1942, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 974, by Kaiser Shipyards, Vancouver, Washington; launched on 14 October 1942; and commissioned on 26 January 1943.

## Service history

During the war, LST-454 was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations. She took part in the Eastern New Guinea operations, the Lae occupation in September 1943, the Finschhafen occupation in September 1943, and the Saidor occupation in January 1944; the Admiralty Islands landings in February and March 1944; the Hollandia operation in April 1944; the Western New Guinea operations, the Biak Islands operation in May and June 1944, and the Morotai landing in September 1944; the Leyte landings in October and November 1944; the Lingayen Gulf landings in January 1945; the Visayan Island landings in March and April 1945; and the Balikpapan operation in June and July 1945.

## Post-war service

Following the war, LST-454 returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 25 March 1946, and struck from the Navy list on 1 May, that same year. On 3 October 1947, the ship was sold to the Patapsco Scrap Corp., of Baltimore, Maryland, and subsequently scrapped.

## Honors and awards

LST-454 earned eight battle stars for her World War II service.
# Walter Glasgow

Walter M. Glasgow Jr. (born April 19, 1957) is an American sailor. He was born in Houston, Texas. He won the 1975 Soling North American championship and finished 3rd in the 1975 Soling World Championship with John Kolius and Richard Hoepfner. He won a silver medal in the Soling Class with John Kolius and Richard Hoepfner at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He finished 3rd in the 1979 5.5 m World Championship in Hanko, Norway with Albert Fay. He won the 1981 J-24 World Championship at St. Francis Yacht Club in San Francisco, California with John Kolius. He finished 2nd in the 1985 5.5 m U.S. Championship and 3rd in the 1985 5.5 m World Championship in Newport Beach, California with Robert Mosbacher. In 1997, he won the 5.5 m Scandinavian Gold Cup and finished 5th in the 5.5 m World Championship in Hanko, Norway with Robert Mosbacher and Lawrence Daniel.
# Mann Mast Malang

Mann Mast Malang (Urdu: من مست ملنگ) is a 2025 Pakistani romantic television drama series that premiered on Geo Entertainment on February 21, 2025. The series is directed by Ali Faizan, written by Nooran Makhdoom, and produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under 7th Sky Entertainment. It airs every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday at 8 PM. It stars Danish Taimoor and Sahar Hashmi in lead roles.

## Premise

The story follows Kabir Khan (Danish Taimoor and Riya (Sahar Hashmi), whose engagement is disrupted by family conflicts, leading them to become adversaries. Over time, circumstances bring them back together, forcing them to confront their past and reconsider their relationship.

## Plot

Business rivals Mubeen Khan and Sikandar Khan have been entangled in a long-standing family feud. Caught in the crossfire are Kabir and Riya, former childhood fiancés who have now become bitter adversaries. Following his release from jail, Sikandar Khan encounters yet another setback. Meanwhile, Kabir makes a life-altering decision and unknowingly crosses paths with Riya, oblivious to her true identity. Without realizing it, Kabir falls in love at first sight with Riya—who, unbeknownst to him, is the sister of his greatest enemy, Sikandar. With Wajid’s help, Sikandar destroy Kabir’s most treasured belonging. Meanwhile, Mah Bina visits Riya’s house with a marriage proposal for Kabir.

## Cast

    Cast Reference:
* Danish Taimoor as Kabir Khan
** Harmain Ghalib as young Kabir Khan
* Sahar Hashmi as Riya
** Aayat Arif as young Riya
* Nayyar Ejaz as Chacha
* Saba Hameed as Mah Bina
* Kamran Jilani as Mubeen
* Uzma Hassan as Asma
* Adnan Samad Khan as Sikandar
* Hiba Ali Khan as Wafa
* Dodi Khan as Wajid
* Ramiz Siddiqui as Rameez
* Yasir Alam as Yasir
* Sheherzade Noor Peerzada as Kashaf
* Maha Hasan as Minha
* Faisal Bali as Bhola
* Sharif Baloch as Inspector

## Soundtrack

The original soundtrack (OST) is performed by Khalid Khan and Saba Butt, with music composed by Yasir Ali, arranged by Ahsan Abbas, and mixed/mastered by Afzal Hussain.

## Production

The series is produced by the television Production banner 7th Sky Entertainment. Danish Taimoor and Sahar Hashmi made their first on-screen collaboration in the television series. The first teaser was released on 7 February 2025 and the first premiered on 21 February 2025 on Geo Entertainment.

### Release

The series premiered on 21 February 2025 on Geo Entertainment.

## Reception

The series received attention for its lead performances and storyline. Danish Taimoor and Sahar Hashmi's on-screen pairing was noted, and the drama gained viewership following its premiere of first episode.
# Jump In (song)

"Jump In" (Chinese: 跳進來; pinyin: Tiào jìnlái) is a song by Taiwanese singer A-Mei for her seventeenth studio album, Faces of Paranoia (2014). It was released on July 2, 2014, as the album's lead single by Universal Music Taiwan, while its accompanying music video was released on July 28, 2014. The song is also the Chinese promotional song for The Expendables 3.

## Background

The song is the first collaboration between Miss Ko and A-Mei. Miss Ko said that she had spent half a year composing the song because of the pressure, but after going to the US and returning to Taiwan, she delivered the demo version of "Jump In", and she also said that she had observed that A-Mei loved to listen to fast songs, and she liked to scratch her hair when she danced, as if she was falling into her own world, and it took her only half an hour to complete the composition. In order to meet the fast-paced style of "Jump In", A-Mei also invited an American dance teacher to design a street-dance style dance and released a demonstration of the instructional video, so fans of the song can follow along with the dance.

## Reception

After the release of "Jump In", A-Mei said she hoped to reach 10 million views on various music platforms on her birthday, August 9. To achieve this, KKBOX in Taiwan launched 10 million member invitations on that day. More than one million users responded; in China, 9 million pushes and 70 million private messages were delivered by TTPOD (天天動聽) and NetEaseCloudMusic, with a total of more than 9.5 million views across both platforms in China, and a combined total of more than 12 million views across other platforms. Rock Mobile Taiwan (台灣滾石移動), the digital cooperation team, said, "The cumulative 24-hour hit rate is about 12%, has exceeded 12 million times, of which more than 10% are Taiwanese fans. After hearing the news, A-Mei said through her manager, "The album that I have been working on for a long time has a good return, and it will give me more confidence to produce better works".

## In popular culture

After the release of the song, it became a hit in Taiwan nightclubs. A-Mei said, "In order to make the music video, I even asked an American dance teacher to choreograph and teach street dance", and "Jump in" is also the best response to the album "Faces of Paranoia" since its release. It has become the most popular song in nightclubs, and has also started a wave of Taiwanese people learning to dance.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Formats | Label |
| Various | July 2, 2014 | Digital download, streaming | Universal Music Taiwan |