OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gadfly Online

Gadfly Magazine was a periodical that was created in February 1997 and launched as a full-size print publication in January 1998. The publisher is the Rutherford Institute. The magazine is based in Charlottesville, Virginia. At the Utne Reader's Eleventh Annual Alternative Press Awards, in 1999, it won for best Cultural Coverage.
After the publication of the last print issue, in March/April 2001, "the creative forces behind the magazine" launched Gadfly Online, which was published for a little over a year. It remains an online presence, as an archive and guide to back issues.
The subject matter centers on popular culture, including music, stand-up comedy, and film; the first issue of the magazine's print version gave a preview of The Matrix.
Gadfly Online published such writers as Andrew Loog Oldham, Tom Bradley, Richard Abowitz, Nile Southern (son of Terry Southern), Stephen Lee Naish, Marty Wombacher and the rock critic David Dalton. The magazine was relaunched as online publication in 2011.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 archives, Gadfly Online
* ↑ Peter Carlson. (March 16, 1998). 'Gadfly' Buzzes With Eclectic Mix Sun Sentinel. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
* ↑ homepage, Gadfly Online.
* 1 2 "Celebrated cultural mag Gadfly returns in online-only form". C-Ville. October 10, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
# Alexa Pino

Alexa Marie Troisi Pino (born March 1, 2007) is a Filipino-American footballer who plays as a midfielder or forward for the South Carolina Gamecocks and the Philippines women's national football team.

## Early life

Pino attended St. Joseph High School in Trumbull, Connecticut, where she played for the Cadets varsity soccer team. As a freshman, Pino helped the Cadets win the Class L state championship 2–0 over Simsbury with a goal and an assist. During her sophomore year, Pino was named 2022–23 Gatorade Connecticut Girls Soccer Player of the Year after leading her team to their second straight Class L state championship. Pino scored 32 goals and passed for 17 assists, setting up a pair of goals in St. Joseph's 3–0 win over Notre Dame-Fairfield in the state final. As a junior, Pino helped lead the Cadets to a 22–0–1 record along with a repeat FCIAC championship and a third straight state title when they defeated Notre Dame-Fairfield 3–1 in the Class LL final in 2023. Pino was subsequently named the GameTimeCT Player of the Year for the second consecutive season. She's also a two-time United Soccer Coaches All-American selection and a three-time First Team All-State honoree. She concluded her junior year with 97 goals and 47 assists in her prep soccer career. She played club soccer for World Class FC and helped her team advance to ECNL Finals 2023.

## International career

In January 2024, Pino was called up for Philippines U-17 team and made her debut for under-17 on February 5, 2024 in a friendly match at 2024 MIMA Cup in Spain against England U-17. She also played the match as a team captain against Sweden U-17. Pino was then called up and received her first senior cap on February 21, 2024 in a friendly match against Finland. In April 2024, Pino joined the Philippine senior team where she played in a friendly against South Korea.
In May 2024, Pino was selected as part of the Philippines U17 squad for the 2024 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup in Bali, Indonesia. During a game against Indonesia, she scored a brace which helped the Philippines win 6–1 in the group stage. She also played in a match against South Korea U-17 which ended in a 1–1 draw.
# The Root (magazine)

The Root is an African American-oriented online magazine. It was launched on January 28, 2008, by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Donald E. Graham.

## History

The Root was owned by Graham Holdings Company through its online subsidiary, The Slate Group. In 2015, Graham Holdings sold The Root to Univision Communications. The site was subsequently re-launched under the Kinja platform used by other Gizmodo Media Group (formerly Gawker Media) websites. GMG was later succeeded by G/O Media as owner of The Root.
In July 2017, the blog Very Smart Brothas, co-founded by Damon Young and Panama Jackson, became a vertical of The Root.
Danielle Belton was editor-in-chief at The Root between 2017 and 2021, when she was appointed editor of HuffPost. On April 14, 2021, it was announced that Vanessa De Luca had been appointed editor-in-chief. She was succeeded by Tasha Robertson on June 22, 2023.
Since April 2021, The Root has seen substantial staff turnover, with 15 out of the 16 full-time staffers resigning following internal tensions, with former staff member Michael Harriot saying that, "as a staff, we came to the conclusion that, basically, The Root is over."

## The Root 100

The Root 100 is the magazine's annual "list of the 100 most important black influencers between the ages of 25 and 45." This list has been published since 2011, when it began ranking honorees using an influence score that resulted from a mathematical formula developed by scholar Omar Wasow. Readers of The Root are allowed to nominate those who they feel are deserving of being on this list. The list has had a wide variety of people from celebrities such as Donald Glover, writers like Roxane Gay, and athletes. Other influential people in the black community who are not as well known, such as activists, are encouraged to be added to the list as well.
# 2004 Delaware gubernatorial election

The 2004 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 2004, coinciding with the U.S. presidential election. Incumbent Governor Ruth Ann Minner faced a serious challenge from retired Superior Court Judge Bill Lee but managed a five-point victory on election day. As of 2025, this is the last time Kent County voted for the Republican in a gubernatorial election.

## Primaries
### Democratic Party

* Ruth Ann Minner, incumbent Governor of Delaware
Democratic primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ruth Ann Minner (incumbent) | 41,671 | 100.00 |

### Republican Party

* Bill Lee, former Delaware Superior Court Justice
* David Charles Graham, state government employee
* Michael D. Protack, pilot
Republican primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bill Lee | 15,270 | 70.47 |
| | Republican | Michael D. Protack | 5,108 | 23.57 |
| | Republican | David Charles Graham | 1,292 | 5.96 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,670 | 100.00 |

### Independent Party/Libertarian Party

* Frank Infante, Independent Party of Delaware and Libertarian Party of Delaware fusion ticket nominee

## Campaign
### Predictions

| Source | Ranking | As of |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball | Likely D | November 1, 2004 |

### Results

Delaware gubernatorial election, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Ruth Ann Minner (incumbent) | 185,548 | 50.87% | −8.38% |
| | Republican | Bill Lee | 167,008 | 45.79% | +6.04% |
| | Independent Party | Frank Infante | 12,203 | 3.34% | +1.8% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,540 | 5.08% | −14.42% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 364,759 | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |

#### Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

* Kent (largest city: Dover)
* Sussex (largest city: Seaford)
# GUD Magazine

Greatest Uncommon Denominator Magazine (also known as GUD Magazine) is an American literary magazine, the first publication from Greatest Uncommon Denominator Publishing, founded in Laconia, New Hampshire in July 2006.

## Format and periodicity

Greatest Uncommon Denominator contains literary and genre fiction, poetry, essays, and art and features authors and artists from around the world. GUD pays semi-pro rates for content and pays royalties on the profits of the sales of the magazine, effectively making the contributors shareholders for that issue.
GUD Magazine also features reviews of small press publications on-line, independent of its publication schedule.
The magazine, published irregularly, is available for purchase in print and many electronic formats, including:
* Portable Document Format (PDF)
* Palm Doc (PDB)
* Rocket Reader/REB1100 (RB)
* Microsoft Reader (LIT) - PocketPC 1.0+ Compatible
* Franklin eBookMan (FUB)
* hiebook (KML)
* Sony Reader (LRF)
* iSilo (PDB)
* Mobipocket (PRC)
* OEBFF format (IMP)
1871 submissions were read and responded to between July 2006 to the end of January 2007. The initial print run for Issue 0 was 200 copies, which was quickly followed up by an additional print run of 200. As of June, 2009, over 11,000 responses have been sent—with a record of over 800 submissions coming in during May, 2009. Working towards its goal of paying out royalties to its contributors, GUD boosted its circulation of early issues from 400 to 700 in the last week of November 2009 with its "pay what you want" sale.

## Ownership

The magazine is a publication of GUD Publishing, Inc., an organization started in 2006 by Mike Coombes, Sal Coraccio, Kaolin Fire, and Sue Miller. As of February 2007, the active members included Julia Bernd, Sal Coraccio, Kaolin Fire, Sue Miller and Debbie Moorhouse.

## List of editors

* Kaolin Fire, Issues 0+5
* Sue Miller, Issues 1+8
* Sal Coraccio, Issue 2
* Debbie Moorhouse, Issues 3+6
* Julia de Caradeuc Bernd, Issues 4+7

## Awards

T. L. Morganfield, ‘Night Bird Soaring’, Issue #3: Sidewise Awards (Shortlisted: Best Short-Form Alternate History 2009)
Kirstyn McDermott, ‘Painlessness’, Issue #2: Aurealis Awards (Best Horror Short Story, 2008) and Ditmar Awards (Best Novella/Novelette 2009)
Neal Blaikie, ‘Offworld Friends are Best’, Issue #2: Locus Recommended Reading List, 2008
Stories from GUD Issues 0 and 1 received 3 honorable mentions in The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror Awards 2008:
* Steven J. Dines's "Unzipped"
* Sarah Singleton and Chris Butler's "Songs of the Dead"
* Leslie Claire Walker's "Max Velocity"
In 2008, GUD was considered one of the "Top 100 Markets for Magazine Writers and Book Writers" by Writer's Digest.
# Juliet Aykroyd

Juliet Aykroyd is a British actress and writer, born in India.
She studied at Oxford University, and graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1968.
She played Anthea, Thelma's assistant at the library, in Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?, and Linda in Open All Hours.
She retired from acting to bring up her family, and later concentrated on writing, particularly stage plays.
Her works include a play about Robert Fitzroy, captain of the Beagle, which has been performed under various titles, including Darwin & Fitzroy and The Ostrich and the Dolphin.
# The Southern Review

The Southern Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established by Robert Penn Warren in 1935 at the behest of Charles W. Pipkin and funded by Huey Long as a part of his investment in Louisiana State University. It publishes fiction, poetry, critical essays, and excerpts from novels in progress by established and emerging writers and includes reproductions of visual art. The Southern Review continues to follow Warren's articulation of the mission when he said that it gives "writers decent company between the covers, and [concentrates] editorial authority sufficiently for the journal to have its own distinctive character and quality".

## History

An earlier Southern Review was published in Charleston, South Carolina from 1828 to 1832, and another in Baltimore from 1867 to 1879.
The initial staff consisted of editor-in-chief Charles W. Pipkin, Robert Penn Warren and Cleanth Brooks as managing editors, and Albert Erskine as business manager. In 1942, after 28 issues, publishing was interrupted and restarted again in 1965. Past editors-in-chief and co-editors have been Albert R. Erskine Jr., Lewis P. Simpson, Donald E. Stanford, James Olney, Fred Hobson, Dave Smith, Bret Lott, Jeanne M. Leiby, Cara Blue Adams, and Emily Nemens. The co-editors as of August 2018 are Sacha Idell and Jessica Faust.

### Reception

In 1936, shortly after the journal's founding, poetry editor Morton D. Zabel credited The Southern Review with "a competence almost unrivaled at the moment in American letters." In 1941, on the occasion of the journal's 5th anniversary, John Crowe Ransom stated "The Southern Review's five year achievement is close to the best thing in the history of American letters."

### Timeline

* 1935: The Southern Review is established. The first issue includes work by Wallace Stevens, Randall Jarrell, Ford Madox Ford, Katherine Anne Porter, and Aldous Huxley.
* 1942: Publication suspended due to World War II.
* 1965: Lewis P. Simpson and Donald E. Stanford relaunch the magazine.
* 1983: James Olney joins Lewis P. Simpson as co-editor.
* 1987: Fred Hobson joins James Olney as co-editor.
* 1990: Dave Smith joins James Olney as co-editor.
* 2004: Bret Lott assumes editorship.
* 2006: The magazine wins first place for Best Journal Design in the CELJ International Awards Competition.
* 2008: Jeanne M. Leiby becomes editor
* 2011: Jessica Faust and Cara Blue Adams become co-editors.
* 2013: Emily Nemens joins Jessica Faust as co-editor.
* 2018: Sacha Idell joins Jessica Faust as co-editor.
# Frontalin

Frontalin is a naturally occurring organic compound. It is a terpenoid and acetal that functions as a pheromone in bark beetles and elephants.

## Occurrence

Frontalin acts as an insect pheromone in bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus, including Dendroctonus frontalis (Southern Pine Beetle) and Dendroctonus brevicomis (Western Pine Beetle), as well as the Mountain Pine Beetle. The biologically active form is predominantly (-)-frontalin. However, (+)-frontalin also occurs in some cases. In Dendroctonus frontalis, the female mainly produces (-)-frontalin, the male mainly (+)-frontalin. In Dendroctonus rufipennis the distribution is reversed.
In addition to its role in insect pheromones, frontalin also serves as a pheromone in Asian elephants. It is secreted by adult male elephants during musth, with secretion levels increasing with age. It signals mating readiness, particularly attracting females who are also in the receptive phase of their sexual cycle.

## Biosynthesis

Unlike many pheromones in bark beetles, which are derived from terpenes present in host plants, frontalin does not follow this pathway. The biosynthesis in Dendroctonus jeffreyi and other species of the genus was studied using isotope labeling. The biosynthesis is believed to originate from acetate, with geranyl pyrophosphate and 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one being probable intermediates.

## Synthesis

Both enantiomers of frontalin can be synthesized starting from the ester of 8-phenylmenthol with pyruvic acid. The alcohol component acts as a chiral auxiliary. In the presence of lithium perchlorate, methylmagnesium bromide can be added to the reactant. The resulting hydroxy group can then be reacted with the Cornforth reagent (pyridinium dichromate), followed by the addition of a Grignard compound derived from 5-bromo-2-methylpent-1-ene. Reduction with lithium aluminum hydride removes the chiral auxiliary, yielding a diol. Subsequent reaction with ozone and reductive work-up with dimethyl sulfide produces (-)-frontalin. By reversing the order of the Grignard reagents, i.e., adding methylmagnesium bromide second, (+)-frontalin can be obtained.
An alternative synthetic route begins with a Diels-Alder reaction between 3-buten-2-one and methacrylic acid methyl ester. The methyl ester can be reduced to a hydroxymethyl group using lithium aluminum hydride. Oxymercuration with mercury(II) acetate, followed by treatment with potassium hydroxide/ sodium borohydride, hydroxylates the double bond and allows for direct cyclization to frontalin.
# David Dalton (writer)

John David Dalton (January 15, 1942 – July 11, 2022) was a British-born American author and a founding editor of Rolling Stone magazine. He wrote several books, including the cult classic James Dean, the Mutant King, as well as co-writing Pop: The Genius of Andy Warhol (with Tony Scherman), and collaborating with Paul Anka on the singer's autobiography, My Way.

## Early life

John David Dalton was born to John Dalton and Kathleen Tremaine in London on January 15, 1942. His father was a doctor and his mother was an actress. He is the first cousin of actress Joanna Pettet. Dalton was raised in London and in British Columbia, as his father was Canadian.

## Career

In the early 1960s, David Dalton moved to New York and began working with Warhol, helping to edit the artist's 1964 film Sleep. As a photographer, Dalton shot the Yardbirds, the Dave Clark Five, Herman’s Hermits, and other rock groups. For Rolling Stone, he wrote about Elvis Presley, Janis Joplin, Little Richard, and other musicians, and was backstage at the Rolling Stones’ infamous 1969 concert at Altamont Speedway in California. He and Rolling Stone colleague Jonathan Cott) co-authored Get Back (Apple Books, 1969), a collection of conversation transcripts (with photos by Ethan Russell) documenting the making of the film and album Let It Be.
Dalton would write twenty-four books, including biographies of Warhol, James Dean, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, Sid Vicious, and the Rolling Stones. He was also the co-author of the autobiography of Marianne Faithfull (Faithfull. An Autobiography, 1994) and of the autobiography of Steven Tyler, Does The Noise In My Head Bother You? (HarperCollins, 2011)

## Awards and honors

Dalton, along with David Felton, won the Columbia School of Journalism Award for their interview with Charles Manson. He also won the Ralph J. Gleason Best Rock Book of the Year award for his book Faithfull.

## Personal life

Dalton was married to the writer Coco Pekelis; they had a son and lived in Upstate New York. On July 11, 2022, Dalton died from cancer in Manhattan, at the age of 80.
# Arend Johan van Glinstra

Arend Johan van Glinstra (1754 – 31 May 1814) was a Dutch painter.
Arend Johan van Glinstra was born in Cornjum in Leeuwarderadeel. He was initially taught by Jurriaan Andriessen. He worked primarily making copies of other artists' works. Many of his paintings depicted landscapes with soldiers, horsemen or hunters. He died in Leeuwarden on 31 May 1814.
# Shalom Cohen (diplomat)

Shalom Cohen (Hebrew: שלום כהן; born 1955) is an Israeli diplomat who served as ambassador to Egypt, a post he held from 2005 to 2010, and is now the ambassador to the South Pacific, in New Zealand. Before that, he was chairman for the Israeli mission in Tunis from 1996 to 2000, and worked at the Arab Maghreb department at the Israeli foreign ministry from 2000 to 2003.
From 2014 to 2015, Cohen was Ambassador to Kenya.

## Assassination plot

In July 2009, Egyptian security forces uncovered a plot by three "Al-Qaeda-linked" terrorists to assassinate the ambassador at his home and bomb the Israeli embassy building in Cairo. The three conspirators confessed during interrogation and provided details of their plans. The three claimed they had plans to carry out a "series of attacks" against police stations and government offices, as well as holy Christian and Islamic sites. The credibility of these confession have been doubted as some suspect they were extracted under torture.
# The Talking Machine World

The Talking Machine World was a monthly magazine published in New York City between 1905 and 1928. During that time it was the main trade magazine dealing with phonographs and early sound recordings, including cylinders and discs. In later years it also covered radio products, and during its final year of publication was renamed Talking Machine World and Radio Music Merchant.
The magazine was founded and edited by "Colonel" Edward Lyman Bill (1862-1916), who had been editor of another magazine, The Music Trade Review. Each monthly issue of Talking Machine World had sections on developments in different regions of the United States, together with Canada and the United Kingdom. These included some information on sales in different areas, on new innovations, and on the activities of recording artists. The magazine also featured a wide variety of advertisements for phonographs, other equipment, and new record releases. Issues from 1916 averaged about 100 pages, but by 1920, as the recording industry expanded, issues were routinely over 200 pages in length.
After Bill's death, the magazine was edited by his son, Raymond Bill. The journal seems not to have been published after 1928. Its reports on recording sales were superseded and developed by those in Variety, and later Billboard and Cash Box.
# Shabnam Shakil

Shabnam Shakil (born 17 June 2007) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Andhra and Gujarat Giants. She plays as a right-arm medium-fast bowler. She was part of the India team that won the inaugural Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup.

## Domestic career

In December 2023, she was signed by Gujarat Giants at the Women's Premier League auction, for the 2024 season. She became the youngest player to play in WPL at the age of 16. She took 3 wickets for 11 runs against UP Warriorz and the Giants won the game by 8 runs.

## International career

In November 2022, she was selected to the India women's under-19 team for a five-match T20 series against the New Zealand women's under-19 team. In December 2022, she was selected to the under-19 team for the 2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup.
In June 2024, Shakil was added to India’s ODI, T20I and Test squads for their series against South Africa.
# Hamiltonban Township, Pennsylvania

Hamiltonban Township is a township in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,296 at the 2020 census.
The township is named after Hamiltonsbawn in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 39.3 square miles (101.7 km$^2$), of which 39.2 square miles (101.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km$^2$), or 0.29%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,216 people, 827 households, and 621 families residing in the township. The population density was 56.6 inhabitants per square mile (21.9/km$^2$). There were 898 housing units at an average density of 22.9/sq mi (8.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.98% White, 0.23% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.17% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.
There were 827 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,235, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,344. About 4.0% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Willie Doran

William Doran (born 1982 in Boolavogue, County Wexford) is an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Buffer's Alley and was a member of the Wexford senior hurling team. He participated in Wexford's 2008 hurling championship campaign.
His uncle Tony and father Colm also played hurling with the Wexford senior hurling team.