# Račak fighting (1999)

The Operation Račak was an armed conflict between Serbian police and Kosovo Liberation Army during a police operation on January 15 1999 in the Kosovo village of Račak and the casus belli for the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The events in Račak are still controversial due to opposing views, different autopsy conclusions, contradictory and biased information in the media, and the resulting significant political consequences.

## Background

From October 1998 to January 15 1999, KLA members in the Račak area killed police officers Sinisa Mihajlovic, Nazmij Aluri, Svetislav Pesic, Sasha Jankovic, Ranko Djordjevic and civilians Miftar Reseni and Enver Gashi, and in November 1998 they burned down the house of Dzemal Batici from Račak. The immediate cause of the police action in Račak was the actions of a group of KLA members from the village of Račak (members of the "Sadik Šalja" battalion from the 161st KLA Brigade "Agim Celej Coli"), who killed three police officers near the village of Dulja on January 8 1999, and one police officer Svetislav Pržić on January 10 1999, in an ambush they set in the village of Slivovo.

## Incident

On the night of 14–15 January 1999, the Serbian police launched an operation against members of the 161st KLA Brigade “Agim Celej Coli”, or the “Sadik Šalja” Battalion. According to Serbian police, there were around a hundred (80 to 100) KLA members in the village and Sadik Mujota, who was identified by Serbian authorities as the main organizer of the attack on the police, and was also present in the village.
The Serbian operation was carried out by a group of 135 police officers, 105 officers from the Special Police Unit (Uroševac), the Sixth Company of the Special Police Unit, and 30 members of the operational-pursuit group, and was directly commanded by Goran Radosavljević. According to the plan, the operational-pursuit group set off at 3:00h and completely occupied the trenches and positions with the aim of blocking the retreat towards the hamlets of Luzak and Petrovo. On this occasion, this group killed three or four KLA members, two of whom were guarding the trenches. One was in a bunker 6:50h, and two were at an observation post and machine-gun nest below the Kršina elevation 6:45h. The bunker was eliminated using a mortar shell, killing Ismail Ljuma and Enver Rashiti. A company of the Special Police Unit began blocking the village at that time, so the blockade of the village began around 6:30h and was completed by 7:00h.
The operation was monitored by three groups of verifiers, two of whom were present from 7:00h. and the third arrived at 10:00h. The operation began at 7:00h when the company commander, Major Milan Lečić, called on the KLA members to surrender through a megaphone. He repeated this call about 15 times until the shooting began. At 7:15h, a KLA fighter was killed on the road from the direction of Štimlje, where a KLA outpost was located and Račak was thus semi-encircled. A group of KLA fighters began to retreat towards the Hadžovići neighborhood and towards the hamlet of Ljužak (a hamlet of the village of Petrovo). At 8:30h, the fight and resistance against the police officers who were advancing from the direction of Belinac, Štimlje and part of the Petrovo-Račak road began. Between 9:00h and 10:00h, a bunker containing two KLA fighters was overrun in the center of the village. At the same time, another bunker was overrun, in which two more fighters were killed, and in a third, three fighters were killed. The KLA members who were in the headquarters and in the houses, under the fight, moved towards the trenches in which the police officers, the operational, pursuit group were located. Not knowing that the police officers were in the trenches, they almost reached the trenches themselves. The police officers who were in the trenches called on them to surrender. Surprised by the call, they opened fierce fire on the police, and the largest number of KLA fighters were killed there. Deputy commanders Ali Beça and Nazim Kokollari were killed in front of the headquarters, and Mehmet Mustafa and Sadik Mujota were killed in one of the bunkers. Kadri Sila, Skender Jašari and Skender Ćari were killed near the trenches. Eight KLA members who managed to retreat from Račak were wounded, among them was the unit commander, Afet Biljali, known as Ćopa, who was seriously wounded. At the same time around 10:00h, the KLA reorganized and sent a reinforced group from Petrovo towards Hadžovići and towards the so-called "wall" or "red road". The group from the village of Luzak also moved in the direction of the Kršina elevation and arrived above the Kršina elevation around 10:00h. At this time, the police controlled almost the entire village of Racak. Between 10:30h and 12:00h, two more KLA members were killed in the center of the village in a hiding place and two more in the vicinity of their headquarters. From 11:00h to 15:30h, the police were on the offensive and in the village itself they had fierce attacks from the direction of the villages of Petrovo and Hadžovići, that is, from the hill between Hadžovići and Luzak, from all available weapons. They shelled the police with 60-millimeter mortars and 50-millimeter hand-held rocket launchers. Several vehicles were damaged, and one police officer was injured.
According to police, all of the dead were KLA members. A captured notebook belonging to the commander of the special unit, Baksim Drecaj, states that they had rescued three wounded men from Račak and taken them to their hospital in Paraguša. At around 15:00h, the police informed the Uroševac Police Station that the area had been cleared, that there was no longer any fighting and that an investigation could begin, and that only sporadic shooting was taking place. According to the report of Danica Marinković, the investigating judge who conducted the investigation, the following was found and seized:
* 1 machine gun of the "Browning" brand, caliber 12.7 mm,
* 1 Browning machine gun, caliber 7.9 mm, with stand
* 1 booster belt,
* 36 automatic rifles,
* 2 sniper rifles,
* 5 Chinese-made hand-held launchers,
* 12 mines loaded with a hand launcher,
* 12 hand bombs,
* 7,282 pieces of ammunition of various calibers.
At around 15:00h, KLA groups headed towards the village of Račak from the direction of Luzak and Petrovak, approached the "gunfire" and began random shooting. After the weapons were seized, the investigating judge, accompanied by the police, headed towards the hill where the bodies of the deceased were located. Halfway there, shots were fired from a nearby hill and the police stopped the investigation and left the village at around 15:30h. At that time, a group of observers from the Kosovo Verification Mission entered the village and, according to their reports, did not see anything suspicious.
In the evening, Serbian authorities informed journalists who were in Kosovo that a clash had occurred in Račak and that it was a good idea for them to go there and see what happened on the spot. Kosovo Verification Mission observers observed the events from nearby hills during the operation.