OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aero A.42

The Aero A.42 was a Czechoslovakian bomber aircraft of 1929 that was only ever produced in prototype form. For its day, it was an advanced design, with a sleek monoplane configuration. However, the Czechoslovak Air Force was not satisfied with it for a number of reasons. In particular, the aircraft's take-off and landing runs were felt to be excessively long, and crew complained about the cramped cabin. The air force suggested a set of modifications to Aero, including replacing the wooden wing with a metal one, but Aero discontinued development.
On September 20, 1930, one of the two prototypes set international speed records of 253.42 km/h (157.47 mph; 136.84 kn) over a 1,000 km (620 mi) closed circuit, carrying payloads of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) and 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).
One prototype was used by the Czechoslovak Air Force until 1938, then by the Slovak Air Force. Probably it was scrapped in 1940.
The A.42 was a single-engined high-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed landing gear.

## Specifications (A.42)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: three, pilot, observer/bombardier, radio operator/gunner
* Length: 13.80 m (45 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 20.82 m (68 ft 4 in)
* Height: 3.40 m (11 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 59 m$^2$ (640 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,940 kg (6,482 lb)
* Gross weight: 4,740 kg (10,450 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Isotta Fraschini Asso 750 W18 water-cooled piston engine, 600–750 kW (800–1,000 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
* Cruise speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
* Service ceiling: 7,000 m (23,000 ft)
* Time to altitude: 50 min to 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Armament
* Guns:
** 2 × Lewis guns in dorsal rink mount
** 1 × Lewis gun in ventral position
* Bombs: 200 kg (441 lb) of small bombs
# International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

The International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms publishes original research articles and critical reviews on a broad range of subjects pertaining to medicinal mushrooms, including systematics, nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology, medicinal value, biotechnology, and more. The journal started publishing in 1999.
The journal exhibited unusual levels of self-citation and its journal impact factor of 2019 was suspended from Journal Citation Reports in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total.
According to Web of Science, the 2024 Journal Impact Factor is 1.4, ranking the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms in the fourth quartile of the categories "Pharmacology & Pharmacy" and "Micology".
# Mario Volpe (director)

Mario Volpe (1894–1968) was an Italian film director.

## Selected filmography

* The Cry of the Eagle (1923)
* New Moon (1925)
* The Song of the Heart (1932)
* The Two Sisters (1950)
* Papà ti ricordo (1952)
# Aminoddole Carvansarai

Aminoddole Plaza (Persian: تیمچه امین الدوله -Timche-Aminoddole) is one of several plazas in the grand Bazaar of Kashan, Iran.
The plaza was designed primarily for commerce, but in recent times has been used for important religious ceremonies. The most important of these is Muharram, during which Hai'ats sing elegies in the plaza about tragic events which happened to Hussain, the third Shi'a Imam, and his close relatives in Karbala on the day of Ashura. It used to be an important place on the Silk Road. Its chambers traditionally served as a place for trading rugs woven, either woven in the city or imported. There are also some old antique shops and teahouses in the Timche plaza.
# Methodist Church of New Zealand

The Methodist Church of New Zealand (Māori: Te Hāhi Weteriana o Aotearoa) is a Methodist denomination headquartered in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is a member of the World Methodist Council.

## History

The Methodist movement was started by John Wesley, an 18th-century Church of England minister. Methodist missionaries were among the earliest Europeans to come to New Zealand. Missionaries Samuel Leigh and William White established the first Wesleyan mission, Wesleydale at Kaeo on the Whangaroa Harbour, on 6 June 1823. Leigh worked alongside Anglican missionary Samuel Marsden.
The Methodist missions in New Zealand and Australia became administratively independent from Britain in 1874. The Annual Conference has always been the governing body of the Methodist Church of New Zealand. The New Zealand Church was originally a part of the Methodist Church of Australasia, with the New Zealand annual conference reporting to a triennial Australasian conference. In 1910 the Methodist Church of New Zealand completely separated from Australia.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Methodist Church, with its emphasis on personal salvation and social responsibility, played an important part in the temperance movement. Methodist youth were encouraged to join the Band of Hope. Methodist minister Leonard Isitt became a full-time temperance campaigner and was elected as a member of parliament. Writer and social reformer Percy Paris became president of the Conference in 1938.
Since the early 1900s the proportion of New Zealanders who are Methodist has declined from 10% to a reported 2.6% in the 2013 census. At the 1983 conference the church made a conscious decision to work towards inclusion of all ethnicities and cultures. The denomination is supportive of women ministers and clergy in same-sex relationships. In 1999 the conference decided to allow ministers to bless same-sex relationships. In 2013, when same-sex marriage was legalized in New Zealand congregations that opted to do so were able to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies.
The World Methodist Council website reports 9,473 Methodist Church members who worship as part of a Methodist Church parish; additionally, a "significant number" of Methodist members worship in churches co-operating with Anglicans and Presbyterians. This membership figure is undated.

## Ecumenical relations

The Methodist Church of New Zealand is a member of the World Council of Churches and the Christian Conference of Asia. Since 2016 the church has participated in an ecumenical platform, National Dialogue for Christian Unity (NDCU), along with Anglicans and Roman Catholics.
# List of years in the Palestinian territories

This is a list of years in Palestine.

## 21st century
### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009

## 20th century
### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

### 1980s

    1988
    1989
# 1991 in the Palestinian territories

Events in the year 1991 in Palestine.

## Incumbents

* President of Palestine – Yasser Arafat

## Events

* 14 January – Salah Khalaf, also known as Abu Iyad, is assassinated.
* 1 July – Eswatini (then Swaziland) recognizes the State of Palestine. 87 countries recognized the State of Palestine by the end of 1991 which is now counted as 90 countries due to the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 1992 dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
* 18 October – Al-Azhar University – Gaza opens in Gaza City with a two-story building and 725 students enrolled in two faculties.
* 30 October – Madrid Conference of 1991: First day of the conference.
* 31 October – Madrid Conference of 1991: Second day of the conference.
* 1 November – Madrid Conference of 1991: Third and last day of the conference. Some consider this day to be the last day of the First Intifada while others consider 13 September 1993, the day the Oslo I Accord was signed, as the last day.

## Deaths

* 14 January – Salah Khalaf, also known as Abu Iyad, 57, Palestinian militant and the deputy chief and head of intelligence for the Palestine Liberation Organization.
# 1999 in the Palestinian territories

Events in the year 1999 in Palestine.

## Incumbents

* President of Palestine – Yasser Arafat (Fatah)
* President of the Palestinian National Authority – Yasser Arafat (Fatah)
* Government of Palestine – 3rd Government of Palestine

## Events

* 29 April – The Palestinian Central Council decided to put off declaring independence until after the Israeli elections, triggering riots in the territories.
* 4 May – The five-year interim period, which was agreed to in the 1993 Oslo I Accord and began with the signing of the Gaza–Jericho Agreement on 4 May 1994, ends without reaching a comprehensive peace agreement.
* 3 June – 3,000 Palestinians participated in a "Day of Rage"/"Day of Wrath" in protest of the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank at the call of the Palestinian Authority. Sociologist Baruch Kimmerling notes the result of the call was ultimately "minimal."
* 17 June – The Palestinian Authority joined the Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States upon its inception in Iran.
* 4 September – Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak signed the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum, an interim peace agreement.
* 10 September – The Israeli government pre-emptively handed civilian control of 7% of the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority, the first transfer of legal authority in 1999, in preparation for peace talks later that week.
* 13 September–3 October – Bilateral negotiations over Palestine's final status are conducted but no deal was signed due to disputes over Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees, and travel rights between Gaza and the West Bank.
* General trends
** Unemployment in the West Bank was estimated at 9.6%.
** Unemployment in Gaza was estimated at 17%.

## Deaths

* 10 September – Mohammed Shreiteh, father of eight who allegedly sustained terminal injuries stemming from police beating him a day earlier while he was in custody, died in Hebron.
* 3 December – Mahmoud Mohammed al-Bajjali, father of three who died in prison after serving five years in prison without trial, died in Ramallah.
# Zach Nutall

Zachary Markeith Nutall (born December 16, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). In college he played for Sam Houston State then SMU, and was named the 2021 Southland Conference Player of the Year.

## High school career

Nutall attended Bryan High School in Bryan, Texas, where he was named District 18-5A Offensive MVP as a senior.

## College career

As a freshman at Sam Houston State, Nutall averaged 6.6 points and 3.2 rebounds per game in a reserve role. He averaged 15.4 points and 4.4 rebounds per game in his sophomore season, earning First Team All-Southland honors. On November 25, 2020, Nutall scored a career-high 36 points in a 97–67 loss to SMU. As a junior, he averaged 19.3 points and 5.7 rebounds per game and was named Southland Player of the Year. For his senior season, Nutall transferred to SMU.

## Professional career

After going undrafted in the 2023 NBA draft, Nutall signed with Široki of the Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina on August 5, 2023.
On July 1, 2024, Nutall signed with Nizhny Novgorod of the VTB United League. On February 19, 2025, he parted ways with the team. On February 27, he signed with Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

## Career statistics
### College

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2018–19 | Sam Houston State | 33 | 1 | 17.1 | .459 | .372 | .577 | 3.2 | .9 | .6 | .3 | 6.6 |
| 2019–20 | Sam Houston State | 30 | 30 | 30.1 | .454 | .328 | .729 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 1.5 | .2 | 15.4 |
| 2020–21 | Sam Houston State | 28 | 28 | 29.2 | .439 | .372 | .696 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 1.0 | .3 | 19.3 |
| 2021–22 | SMU | 33 | 29 | 24.0 | .352 | .325 | .528 | 3.7 | 1.5 | .5 | .1 | 6.8 |
| 2022–23 | SMU | 32 | 32 | 31.7 | .390 | .326 | .765 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 1.1 | .4 | 13.2 |
| Career | Career | 156 | 120 | 26.2 | .422 | .343 | .699 | 3.9 | 1.8 | .9 | .3 | 11.9 |
# 2013 in the State of Palestine

Events in the year 2013 in Palestine.

## Incumbents

State of Palestine (UN observer non-member State)
* President – Mahmoud Abbas (PLO)
* Prime Minister – Salam Fayyad (Third Way) (emergency rule) until 6 June, Rami Hamdallah (Fatah) starting 6 June
   * Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) – Ismail Haniyeh (Hamas) (in rebellion against the Palestinian administration in Ramallah)
* Government of Palestine – 14th Government of Palestine (until 6 June), 15th Government of Palestine (from 6 June to 19 September), 16th Government of Palestine (starting 19 September)

## Events
### January

* January 4 – Hundreds of thousands of people rally in Gaza in a show of unity between the governing Hamas and Fatah.
* January 6 – Mahmoud Abbas, the President of the Palestinian National Authority, orders that the words "State of Palestine" be used on official documents.

### February

* February 26 – A rocket is fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel, marking the first such attack since a ceasefire was signed in November 2012.

### March

* March 20 – President of the United States Barack Obama begins a four-day visit to Israel, the Palestinian territories and Jordan.

### April

* April 2 – The Palestinian Islamic organization Hamas re-elects Khaled Meshaal as its leader. The group also passes a new law ordering gender segregation in Gaza's schools that will go into effect in September.
* April 13 – Salam Fayyad resigns as Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority following an ongoing dispute with the President Mahmoud Abbas.
* April 30 – An Israeli air strike on Gaza City kills Hitham Maskhal, a well known Palestinian militant and injures another in the first such attack since the November ceasefire. Both suspected Palestinian militants were part of the militant group which fired rockets at the southern Israeli city of Eilat two weeks ago.

### June

* June 23 – Mahmoud Abbas, the President of the Palestinian National Authority, accepts the resignation of Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah who had offered his resignation on Thursday.

### July

* July 28 – As a "good will gesture" to restart peace talks with the Palestinian Authority, Israel agreed to release 104 Palestinian prisoners, most of whom have been in jail since before the 1993 Oslo Accords.

### August

* August 7 – Palestinian journalist Mohamed Muna is arrested and put in administrative detention.

### November

* November 15 – Palestine celebrates the 25th anniversary of the Palestinian Declaration of Independence.

## Notable deaths

* January 29 – Said al-Muragha, 86, Palestinian militant (Fatah al-Intifada), cancer.
* March 17 – Umm Nidal, 64, Palestinian politician, multiple organ failure.
* April 2 – Maysara Abu Hamdiya, 64, Palestinian general, cancer.
* May 17 – Nasser al-Din al-Nashashibi, 93, Palestinian historian, author and journalist.
# Catechin-7-O-glucoside

Catechin-7-O-glucoside is a flavan-3-ol glycoside formed from catechin.

## Natural occurrences

Catechin-7-O-glucoside can be isolated from the hemolymph of the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer). It also occurs in relatively large quantities in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as the dominant flavan-3-ol monomer, and actually accounts for up to 70% of cowpea proanthocyanidins (tannins).
It can also be produced by biotransformation of (+)-catechin by cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana.

### Presence in natural traditional drugs

Catechin-7-O-glucoside can be found in paeoniae radix, the crude drug made from the roots of Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora), in red knotweed (Bistorta macrophylla, also known as Polygonum macrophyllum), in the stem barks of the Nepali hog plum (Choerospondias axillaris), in the Korean plum yew (Cephalotaxus koreana) and in Huanarpo Macho (Jatropha macrantha). (−)-Catechin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is found in the bark of Rhaphiolepis umbellata.

### Presence in food

It is found in buckwheat groats, in the red bean (the seed of Vigna umbellata, formerly known as Phaseolus calcaratus), in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt. (−)-Catechin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is found in rhubarb.

## Health effects

This compound has an antioxidant activity leading to a cytoprotective effect.
# Gopichand Padalkar

Gopichand Kundalik Padalkar (born 1 October 1982) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a member of Maharashtra Legislative Council. He got elected to the Legislative Council by MLA's (unopposed) on 14 May 2020. Previously he was with the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi, he started his political career with the Rashtriya Samaj Paksha. He rejoined BJP before the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Elections. He is also a film maker and an actor. He is BJP spokperson and a firebrand leader.

## Early life

He was born to Kundlik and Hirabai Padalkar of Padalkarwadi, Sangli district. His father Kundlik Padalkar was a primary teacher. Gopichand Padalkar belongs to Tribal Dhangar community from Maharashtra, He is a Higher Secondary School graduate.

## Career

He started his political career with the Rashtriya Samaj Paksha of Mahadev Jankar. He has unsuccessfully contested elections for District council once, Vidhan Sabha thrice and Lok Sabha once, before his election to the Maharashtra Legislative Council.
In 2014 he joined Bhartiya Janata Party and contested 2014 assembly election from Atpadi-Khanapur constituency, subsequently he left the party and he joined Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi contesting Sangali Lok Sabha seat in the summer of 2019. As a losing candidate he gave a tough fight securing over three lakh votes, after his loss he rejoined BJP in October 2019 and contested Vidhan Sabha elections from Baramati against Ajit Pawar.
He got elected to the Legislative Council by MLA's (unopposed) on 14 May 2020, along with 9 others.

## Positions Held

* Member of Maharashtra Legislative Council 14 May 2020.
* Spokesperson of BJP,Maharashtra
# 2001 Bagerhat bombing

The 2001 Bagerhat bombing was a bomb attack on 23 September 2001 in Mollahat, Bagerhat District, Bangladesh. It took place at Khalilur Rahman Degree College during an Awami League election rally led by Member of Parliament Sheikh Helal Uddin, and resulted in the death of nine people.

## Attacks

The caretaker government had taken charge and had started to make preparations for the 2001 general elections in Bangladesh. In 2001, a number of Awami League events were bombed by suspected Islamist terrorists. Sheikh Helal Uddin, cousin of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, was speaking at an Awami League election rally at Khalilur Rahman Degree College ground in Mollahat Upazila, Bagerhat District. Two bombs were thrown which killed 9 people and injured more than 100 people.

## Trial

A case was filed following the attack, the proceedings of which were stopped on 19 April 2004 during the Bangladesh Nationalist Party rule. The Home Ministry reopened the case after the Awami League returned to power. After an investigation by the Criminal Investigation Department, charges were pressed against six individuals on 21 August 2011. The accused were Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh chief Mufti Hannan; the former president of the Mollahat branch of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Badsha Mia Shikdar; and Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh activists Arifuzzaman, Zillur Rahman, Hafez Mohammad Rakib Hasan, and Abu Taleb.
# Passages North

Passages North is an American literary magazine published by Northern Michigan University. Essays that have appeared in Passages North have been recognized in the anthology, The Best American Essays, on numerous occasions. The magazine was established in 1979. It sponsors the Waasmode Short Fiction Prize, the Elinor Benedict Poetry Prize, the Neutrino Short-Short Prize, and the Ray Ventre Memorial Nonfiction Prize.
Passages North submissions are read by a team of English department faculty, graduate students, undergraduate interns, and, occasionally, alumni of NMU's graduate writing programs. The Editor-in-Chief is Jennifer A. Howard, who also serves as the Short-Short editor. Dacia Price currently serves as the Managing Editor. Other Editors include Lisandra Perez in Poetry, Esperanza Elizabeth Vargas Macias in Fiction, and Matthew Gavin Frank in Non-Fiction/Hybrids.
Passages North publishes one print issue annually. They also regularly publish pieces on their website throughout their submissions windows.

## Notable contributors

Notable contributors are:
* Gina Ochsner
* Aimee Nezhukumatathil
* Ander Monson
* Ocean Vuong
* Roxane Gay
* Sarah Minor
* Maggie Smith (poet)
* Bob Hicok
* Mary Ruefle
* Jenny Boully
* Carolyn Kreiter-Foronda
# Iffat Ara Dewan

Iffat Ara Dewan is a Bangladeshi singer and painter. She was awarded the Bangla Academy Rabindra Award in 2012.

## Early life and career

Dewan took formal training in music at Chhayanaut during 1963–1968. She was trained by Waheedul Haq and Sanjida Khatun. She completed her bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Dhaka in 1975. She attended an art course at Byam Shaw School of Art in London in 1992.
Dewan's first record by EMI, at 45 rpm featured two Rabindra Sangeet songs from Dhaka and Kolkata in 1970 – "Ami Rupey Tomai Bholabo Na" and "Probhu Bolo Bolo Kobey".
Dewan started painting in 1990 and her first solo exhibition was held in 1992 at the German Cultural Center in Dhaka. She showcased her work in multiple solo exhibitions, including one in Paris, France.
Dewan is a member of the executive committee of Chhayanaut.

## Works
### Albums

* Hoytho Tomar-i Jonno (2012)
* Tumi Ami Dui Teer (2013)

## Awards

* Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Award (2007)
* Citycell – Channel I Music Award for Rabindra Sangeet (2011)
* Bangla Academy Rabindra Award (2012)
# Lasiarchis pycnodes

Lasiarchis pycnodes is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1909. It is found in Gauteng, South Africa.
The wingspan is 21–22 mm. The forewings are fuscous with an indistinct blackish dot beneath the costa near the base. The stigmata are blackish, partially edged with light greyish ochreous, the plical larger, obliquely before the first discal. The costa is somewhat suffused with pale greyish ochreous towards the middle and there is a suffused pale greyish-ochreous spot on the costa at about three-fourths, with faint traces of a curved transverse line rising from it. The hindwings are grey, becoming paler and tinged with whitish ochreous towards the base.
# Alexander Klebanov

Alexander Yakovlevich Klebanov (born 27 April 1963, in Almaty, Kazakhstan) is a Kazakhstani businessman and sports functionary. He is a Chairman of Board of Directors of Central Asian Electric Power Corporation JSC since 2007.
According to Forbes, Alexander Klebanov is one of the top-ten most influential and richest businessmen of Kazakhstan.

## Education

In 1986 he graduated with honors from Almaty State Medical Institute.

## Entrepreneurship

He started his professional career as a junior research scientist in Almaty Research Institute of Skin and Venereal Diseases. Between 1996 and 2000 he was a director of the representative office of the company Airfinance Europe in Kazakhstan. Since 2000 till 2006 Klebanov was a director of State airline Berkut Air. Currently, he is a shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors of Central Asian Fuel and Energy Company JSC, which unites a group of companies in the energy and financial sectors. Klebanov owns shares of JSC Kazakhtelecom.