# Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party

The Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (Romanian: Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat, PNȚCD) is an agrarian and Christian democratic political party in Romania. It claims to be the rightful successor of the interwar National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), created from the merger of the Romanian National Party (PNR) from the then Austro-Hungarian-ruled Transylvania and the Peasants' Party (PȚ) from the Romanian Old Kingdom.
PNȚCD was the largest and most important political party of the Romanian Democratic Convention (Romanian: Convenția Democrată Română, CDR) during the 1990s and was led by Corneliu Coposu and Ion Diaconescu, two former political prisoners during communism, but as the 2000s began it gradually feel out of grace amongst centre-right Romanian voters and slowly became an inactive microparty. The party was subsequently excluded from the European People's Party (EPP) in June 2017. Eventually, it joined the European Christian Political Movement (ECPM) in February 2020.
Given a tremendous disdain and resentment towards Pavelescu's leadership (the incumbent party president since 2011 onwards), another Christian peasant group known as the National Peasant Alliance (Romanian: Alianța Național Țărăniștă – Țărăniștii, ANȚ) seceded from the main PNȚCD in 2019 (which, according to them and their electoral basin, greatly drifted from its original ideology) and centered around leader Radu Ghidău (one of the youngest PNȚCD MPs during the legislature of the late 1990s, more specifically the one spanning over 1996–2000) for the 2020 Romanian local elections.

## History
### 1989–1992

The Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party was (re)-founded by Corneliu Coposu, Ioan Alexandru, and Ion Rațiu in December 1989, being thus the first officially registered political party after the fall of communism. The party competed in the 1990 elections, where it ranked 4th with 2.5% (or 348,637 votes) and endorsed Ion Rațiu for president. The PNȚCD presidential candidate ranked 3rd, with 4.3% (or 617,007 votes).
Given the political dominance of the National Salvation Front (FSN) that was exerted prior and after the first free elections in post-1989 Romania, the PNȚCD decided to form a consistent alliance of centre-right parties aiming mainly to oppose it.
As a result, in 1991, most notably alongside the National Liberal Party (PNL; but also with other noteworthy civic organisations, foundations, and minor additional right-leaning political parties), the PNȚCD formed the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR).
Eventually, the PNȚCD would affirm itself as the most dominant internal political force for much of the convention's existence. For the period 1990–1992, PNȚCD was one of the main opposition parties.

### 1992–1996

At the 1992 elections, the party ran on a common CDR list (along with other allied parties within the convention) and endorsed the candidacy of Emil Constantinescu as President of Romania. Consequently, the CDR ranked 2nd, having scored 20.16% (or 2,210,722 votes), while Emil Constantinescu managed to qualify in the second round of the presidential election where he finished second with 38.57% (or 4,641,207 votes). For the period 1992–1996, the party was the main opposition force in the Parliament of Romania.

### 1996–2000

At the 1996 elections, CDR managed to rank 1st, with 30.70% (or 3,772,084 votes), and once again endorsed Emil Constantinescu, who also managed to win the presidency with 54.41% (or 7,057,906 votes). For the period 1996–2000, PNȚCD was the most important governing party within the CDR, being also part of a grand coalition which included the Democratic Party (PD) and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).
At the 2000 elections, PNȚCD ran on a common CDR 2000 list and scored 5.30% (or 575,706 votes), being unable to pass the electoral threshold required for an alliance. This weak electoral result was primarily owed to the fragmentation of the alliance and the scission of the Romanian right into several other parties as well as to the tumultuous previous governing term. For the period 2000–2004, PNȚCD was in extra-parliamentary opposition.

### 2004–2008

At the 2004 elections, PNȚCD ran independently, having obtained 1.9% (or 196,027 votes), failing this time as well to surpass the needed electoral threshold. The party endorsed the presidential candidacy of Gheorghe Ciuhandu, former mayor of Timișoara. Ciuhandu eventually ranked 5th in the first round, with 1.9% (or 198,394 votes).
In March 2005, PNȚCD voted to change its name to the Christian Democratic People's Party (Romanian: Partidul Popular Creștin-Democrat, PPCD) after the unification with the Union for Romanian Reconstruction. Eventually, it returned to its original name (PNȚCD). The party did not compete in the 2008 legislative elections.
Afterwards, the party was split between a wing sustained by Marian Petre Miluț endorsing Aurelian Pavelescu as president (who decided on an alliance with the then governing Democratic Liberal Party, PDL) and one endorsing former Prime Minister and Bucharest mayor Victor Ciorbea as president (who, at that time, favoured an alliance with the National Liberal Party).

### 2011–present

Victor Ciorbea was elected on 18 June 2011 president of the party. In September 2011, the Bucharest Courthouse (responsible for the parties registry) recognised Victor Ciorbea as party president. Nonetheless, the split continued until Ciorbea left the party (until October 2012 namely) in order to become a senator on PNL's lists. Pavelescu was subsequently recognised as president and the fractions were dissolved.
For the 2012 legislative elections, PNȚCD ran on a common Right Romania Alliance (ARD), along with the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), and the Civic Force (FC). The party won one senator seat and one deputy seat. On 23 April 2013, Pavelescu was elected president of the party.
At the 2014 European Parliament election, the party gained only 0.89% of the cast votes, with candidates like former EP member Sebastian Bodu and the current party president, Aurelian Pavelescu, opening the list.
Following the 2019 European Parliament election and thanks to an agreement between the party and the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the party has 1 MEP, more specifically Cristian Terheș.
For the 2019 Romanian presidential election, the party did not compete but endorsed PSD candidate Viorica Dăncilă. Furthermore, the party did not compete for the 2020 Romanian legislative election but it did compete for the 2020 Romanian local elections, where it won 1 mayor and 42 local councillors.

## Motto

Its motto as of 2006 was Fiecare contează (Each one counts). At the 2014 EU elections, PNȚCD's motto was Renaștem pentru România ta! (Reborn for your Romania!).

## Ideology

The PNȚCD is an agrarian, Christian democratic, and Christian humanist political party that stands for "social justice, Christian morality and enlightened patriotism." The party is anti-communist and advocates for de-Sovietization within Romania. It endorses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in conjunction with the Romanian constitution and seeks to protect the cultural and traditional rights of all Romanian people. It also advocates for equal opportunities for all Romanians, uphold rule of law, defends the right to private property ownership, and calls for economic reform to stimulate the Romanian economy.
Internationally, the party is a member of Centrist Democrat International (CDI) along with other Christian democratic and conservative movements and was affiliated with the European People's Party (EPP) in the European Parliament before joining the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group.

## Electoral history
### Legislative elections

| Election | Chamber | Chamber | Chamber | Senate | Senate | Senate | Position | Aftermath |
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Position | Aftermath |
| 1990 | 351,357 | 2.56 | 12 / 395 | 348,637 | 2.50 | 1 / 119 | 4th | Opposition to FSN government (1990–1991) |
| 1990 | 351,357 | 2.56 | 12 / 395 | 348,637 | 2.50 | 1 / 119 | Opposition to FSN-PNL-MER-PDAR government (1991–1992) |
| 1992 | 2,117,144 | 19.46 | 41 / 341 | 2,210,722 | 20.16 | 21 / 143 | 2nd (as CDR)$^1$ | Opposition to PDSR-PSM-PUNR-PRM government (1992–1996) |
| 1996 | 3,692,321 | 30.17 | 81 / 343 | 3,772,084 | 30.70 | 25 / 143 | 1st (within CDR)$^2$ | CDR-USD-UDMR government (1996–2000) |
| 2000 | 546,135 | 5.04 | 0 / 345 | 575,706 | 5.29 | 0 / 140 | 6th (as CDR 2000)$^3$ | Extra-parliamentary opposition to PDSR minority government (2000–2004) |
| 2004 | 188,268 | 1.85 | 0 / 332 | 196,027 | 1.90 | 0 / 137 | 6th | Extra-parliamentary endorsement for DA-PUR-UDMR government (2004–2007) |
| 2004 | 188,268 | 1.85 | 0 / 332 | 196,027 | 1.90 | 0 / 137 | Extra-parliamentary endorsement for PNL-UDMR minority government (2007–2008) |
| 2008 | did not compete$^4$ | did not compete$^4$ | 0 / 334 | did not compete$^4$ | did not compete$^4$ | 1 / 137 | 3rd (on PNL's lists) | Opposition to PDL-PSD government (2008–2009) |
| 2008 | Opposition to PDL-UNPR-UDMR government (2009–2012) | | 0 / 334 | | | 1 / 137 |
| 2008 | Opposition to USL government (2012) | | 0 / 334 | | | 1 / 137 |
| 2012 | 1,223,189 | 16.51 | 1 / 412 | 1,239,318 | 16.71 | 1 / 176 | 2nd (as ARD)$^5$ | Opposition to USL government (2012–2014) |
| 2012 | 1,223,189 | 16.51 | 1 / 412 | 1,239,318 | 16.71 | 1 / 176 | Opposition to PSD-UNPR-UDMR-PC government (2014) |
| 2012 | 1,223,189 | 16.51 | 1 / 412 | 1,239,318 | 16.71 | 1 / 176 | Opposition to PSD-UNPR-ALDE government (2014–2015) |
| 2012 | 1,223,189 | 16.51 | 1 / 412 | 1,239,318 | 16.71 | 1 / 176 | Endorsing the technocratic Cioloș Cabinet (2015–2017) |
| 2016 | did not compete | Extra-parliamentary endorsement for PSD-ALDE government (2017–2019) |
| 2016 | Extra-parliamentary endorsement for PSD minority government (2019) |
| 2016 | Extra-parliamentary opposition to PNL minority government (2019–2020) |
| 2020 | did not compete | Extra-parliamentary opposition to PNL-USR PLUS-UDMR government (2020–2021) |
| 2020 | Extra-parliamentary opposition to PNL-UDMR minority government (2021) |
| 2020 | Extra-parliamentary opposition to CNR government (2021–present) |
| 2024 | did not compete | Extra-parliamentary opposition to PSD-PNL-UDMR government |
Notes:
$^1$ CDR members in 1992: PNȚCD, PAC (7 senators and 13 deputies), PNL-AT (1 senator and 11 deputies), PSDR (1 senator and 10 deputies), PNL-CD (4 senators and 3 deputies), and PER (no senators and 4 deputies).
$^2$ CDR members in 1996: PNȚCD, PNL (22 senators and 28 deputies), PNL-CD (1 senator and 4 deputies), PAR (3 senators and 3 deputies), PER (1 senator and 5 deputies), and Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER – 1 senator and 1 deputy).
$^3$ CDR 2000 members: PNȚCD, UFD, Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER), National Christian Democratic Alliance (ANCD), and The Moldavians' Party (PM).
$^4$ PNȚCD competed on PNL lists.
$^5$ Right Romania Alliance (ARD) members: PDL (22 senators and 52 deputies), FC (1 senators and 3 deputies), and PNȚCD.

### Presidential elections

| Election | Candidate | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round |
| Election | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position | Votes | Percentage | Position |
| 1990 | Ion Rațiu | 617,007 | 4.3% | 3rd | | | |
| 1992 | Emil Constantinescu$^1$ | 3,717,006 | 31.1% | 2nd | 4,641,207 | 38.6% | 2nd |
| 1996 | Emil Constantinescu$^1$ | 3,569,941 | 28.2% | 2nd | 7,057,906 | 54.4% | 1st |
| 2000 | Mugur Isărescu$^2$ | 1,069,463 | 9.5% | 4th | | | |
| 2004 | Gheorghe Ciuhandu | 198,394 | 1.9% | 5th | | | |
| 2009 | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ | did not compete$^3$ |
| 2014 | Elena Udrea$^4$ | 493,376 | 5.2% | 4th | | | |
| 2019 | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ | did not compete$^5$ |
| 2024 | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete |
Notes:
$^1$ Emil Constantinescu was the common centre-right candidate who was endorsed by the PNȚCD in both 1992 and 1996 as part of the larger Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR).
$^2$ Mugur Isărescu was endorsed by the PNȚCD at the 2000 elections as part of the Romanian Democratic Convention 2000 (CDR 2000) alliance.
$^3$ Electoral protocol endorsing Traian Băsescu, the candidate of the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), due to a decision enforced by the then official fraction of the PNȚCD led by Marian Petre Miluț.
$^4$ Elena Udrea was endorsed by the People's Movement Party (PMP)-PNȚCD alliance at the 2014 Romanian presidential election.
$^5$ Electoral protocol endorsing Viorica Dăncilă, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).

### European elections

| Election | Votes | Percentage | MEPs | Position | EU Party | EP Group |
| 2007 | 71,001 | 1.38% | 0 / 35 | 11th | EPP | EPP Group |
| 2009 | 70,428 | 1.45% | 0 / 33 | 7th | EPP | EPP Group |
| 2014 | 49,978 | 0.89% | 0 / 32 | 12th | EPP | EPP Group |
| 2019 | did not compete$^1$ | did not compete$^1$ | did not compete$^1$ | did not compete$^1$ | did not compete$^1$ | did not compete$^1$ |
| 2024 | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete | did not compete |
Notes:
$^1$ Electoral protocol endorsing the Social Democratic Party (PSD).

## Presidents of the party

| Nº | Name Born – Died | Term start | Term end | Duration |
| 1 | Corneliu Coposu (1914–1995) | 1990 | 1995 | c. 5 years |
| 2 | Ion Diaconescu (1917–2011) | 1995 | 2001 | c. 6 years |
| – | Constantin Dudu Ionescu (acting/ad interim) (1954– | 2001 | 2001 | less than 1 year |
| 3 | Andrei Marga (1946– | 2002 | 2002 | less than 1 year |
| 4 | Victor Ciorbea (1954– | 2002 | 2004 | c. 2 years |
| 5 | Gheorghe Ciuhandu (1947– | 2004 | 2007 | c. 3 years |
| 6 | Marian Petre Miluț (1955– | 2007 | 2011 | c. 4 years |
| 7 | Aurelian Pavelescu (1964– | 2011 | Incumbent | c. 11 years |

## Notable members

| Corneliu Coposu Ion Diaconescu Constantin Ticu Dumitrescu Ioan Alexandru Ion Rațiu Ion Caramitru Victor Ciorbea Gheorghe Ciuhandu | Marian Petre Miluț Matei Boilă Radu Vasile Aurelian Pavelescu Leonida Lari Marian Munteanu Mircea Ciumara |