OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Umbrella fund

An umbrella fund is a collective investment scheme that exists as a single legal entity but has several distinct sub-funds which, in effect, are traded as individual investment funds. In UK law, the concept is defined in Section 756B of the Finance Act 2004 and is central to the structuring, taxation and regulation of small funds, especially the ones under the Appointed Representative regime.
This type of arrangement originated in the European investment management industry, most notably with the SICAV (an open-ended collective investment). The SICAV model was copied for the UK open-ended investment company (OEIC) and offshore fund models.

## Advantages

The umbrella fund structure makes it cheaper for investors to move from one sub-fund to another and saves the investment manager costs relating to regulatory duplication. Small fund managers can also benefit from the umbrella structure by splitting the regulatory costs under a single shared umbrella that holds multiple managers.
An umbrella fund can also be set up to provide retirement, death and other benefits to members of a participating employer. In such a fund there are several participating employers who enjoy more or less the same benefits and the fund is managed by professional trustees. They cut the cost by saving on maintenance and management fees and sometimes take advantage of reduced tax rates.
# Nova Express (fanzine)

Nova Express was a Hugo-nominated science fiction fanzine edited by Lawrence Personboldface per WP:R#PLA. Nova Express is named after William S. Burroughs' Nova Express and the fictional magazine Nova Express in Alan Moore's Watchmen. It remained in publication between 1987 and 2002.

## History and profile

Nova Express, established in 1987, was a sercon fanzine with a focus on written science fiction, featuring interviews, reviews and critical articles. The magazine was headquartered in Austin, Texas. It was published on a quarterly basis, but after 1990 it was published irregularly.
Many professional science fiction writers and major critics contributed to it over the years, including John Clute, Jack Dann, Stephen Dedman, Andy Duncan, Howard V. Hendrix, Fiona Kelleghan, Ken MacLeod, Chris Nakashima-Brown, Mike Resnick, Justina Robson, Brian Stableford, Bruce Sterling, Jeff VanderMeer, Howard Waldrop, and Don Webb.
Writers who were interviewed by Nova Express include Stephen Baxter, James P. Blaylock, Pat Cadigan, Bradley Denton, Paul Di Filippo, Steve Erickson, Neil Gaiman, K. W. Jeter, John Kessel, Joe R. Lansdale, George R. R. Martin, Pat Murphy, Tim Powers, Kim Stanley Robinson, Pamela Sargent, William Browning Spencer, Bruce Sterling, Sean Stewart, Howard Waldrop, Walter Jon Williams, and Gene Wolfe.
It also published "theme" issues focusing on a particular aspect of speculative fiction, including steampunk, slipstream, and postcyberpunk. In Summer 2002 Nova Express ceased publication.

## Awards and honors

Nova Express was a 1997 Hugo Award nominee for Best Fanzine.
# Now Playing (magazine)

Now Playing was a short-lived entertainment magazine that focused on popular entertainment, including movies, television, music, DVDs, and games. It was published by the media conglomerate theGlobe.com, starting life as a special section in Computer Games magazine in 2004. In April, 2005, Now Playing launched as a separate magazine. The headquarters was in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It ceased publication in 2006 due to MySpace spam. Within a year, parent company theGlobe.com was forced to shut down its other print titles as a result of an unfavorable ruling in a spam lawsuit.
# NutriMag (magazine)

NutriMag Magazine was an American publication on nutrition, sports science and fitness in the United States (1999–2001, 9 issues). It focused discussions on the real facts of the supplement industry. It was the official magazine of the Nutri-Sport Nutrition stores.
# One Story

One Story is a literary magazine which publishes 12 issues a year, each issue containing a single short story. The magazine was founded in 2002 by writers Hannah Tinti and Maribeth Batcha.
# Open City (magazine)

Open City Magazine and Books was a New York City-based magazine and book publisher that featured many first-time writers alongside those who are well known. The editors were Thomas Beller and Joanna Yas.

## History and profile

Thomas Beller and Daniel Pinchbeck founded the magazine in 1991, and were soon joined by Robert Bingham, who in 1999 founded the book series. It was published by a nonprofit organization, Open City, Inc. Open City Magazine was produced three times per year. Open City Books released two to four books per year. Their first book was a collection of poetry by David Berman. The magazine and books were distributed to the trade by Publishers Group West.
Writers published in the magazine include Mary Gaitskill, Richard Yates, Irvine Welsh, David Foster Wallace, Robert Stone, Martha McPhee, Nick Tosches, Denis Johnson, Rick Moody, Michael Cunningham, Jonathan Ames, Sam Lipsyte, Joe Andoe, David Berman, Jonathan Baumbach, Joshua Beckman, Matthew Rohrer, Matthew Zapruder, Anselm Berrigan, Jill Bialosky, Hakim Bey, Jason Brown, Bliss Broyard, Rachel Sherman, Charles Bukowski, Robert Olen Butler, Emily Carter, Alexander Chancellor, Bryan Charles, Alfred Chester, Christopher Sorrentino, Delmore Schwartz, Cyril Connolly, Adrian Dannatt, Thomas Beller, Meghan Daum, Rick DeMarinis, Rodney Jack, Catherine Bowman, Geoff Dyer, Alicia Erian, Edward Field, Nick Flynn, Ford Madox Ford, Bruce Jay Friedman, Rivka Galchen, Deborah Garrison, Mark Gonzales, Dana Goodyear, Joyce Johnson, Hettie Jones, Daniil Kharms, Wayne Koestenbaum, James Lasdun, Monica Lewinsky, Viktor Pelevin, Rebecca Wolff, Kevin Young, and C.K. Williams.
The magazine's discontinuation was announced in March 2011. It published 30 issues during its existence.

## Published books

* Actual Air by David Berman (1999)
* Venus Drive by Sam Lipsyte (2000)
* My Misspent Youth by Meghan Daum (2001)
* World on Fire by Michael Brownstein (2002)
* Some Hope by Edward St Aubyn (2003)
* Karoo by Steve Tesich (2004)
* Goodbye, Goodness by Sam Brumbaugh (2005)
* Mother's Milk by Edward St Aubyn (2006)
* The First Hurt by Rachel Sherman (2006)
* Love Without by Jerry Stahl (2007)
* Long Live a Hunger to Feed Each Other by Jerome Badanes (2007)
* Why the Devil Chose New England for His Work by Jason Brown (2007)
* Farewell Navigator by Leni Zumas (2008)
* Living Room by Rachel Sherman (2009)
# Ray Watson (athlete)

Raymond Bates Watson (December 10, 1898 – September 7, 1974) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, in the 1924 Summer Olympics, and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Garden City, Kansas. At the age of thirteen lost his right hand in a shooting accident. Watson was occasionally referred to (erroneously) as "the one-arm wonder". Hee attended Kansas State University where he is remembered as the first "Kansas Miler"

## Olympics career

In 1920 he finished eighth in the 3000 metre steeplechase competition. Four years later he finished seventh in the 1500 metres event. At the 1928 Olympics he finished ninth in the 800 metres competition.

## Later life

Watson died in Quincy, Illinois in 1974.
# Sadeq Ali

Munshi Muhammad Sadeq Ali (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ সাদেক আলী, Nagri: ꠍꠣꠖꠇ ꠀꠟꠤ), born as Sri Gaur Kishore Sen (Bengali: শ্রী গৌর কিশোর সেন), was a prominent Bengali Muslim writer, poet and district judge from 19th century Bengal. He is considered to be the most well-known writer to have used the Sylheti Nagri script and this is due to his magnum opus, Halat-un-Nabi (condition of the Prophet), which gained immense popularity in the Sylhet region and would later be transcribed in the Bengali script.

## Early life

Muhammad Sadeq Ali was born in a Bengali Baidya family around 1800 as Shree Gour Kishore Sen.
In August 1818, he was taught the basics of Islam by Maulvi Muhammad Yusuf. Sadeq grew an interest in the Arabic and Persian languages, and so he studied under Mir Munshi Abul Fazl, a detective of the Hingazia thana.
He formally accepted Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Sadeq Ali. He also mentions that he was a follower of the Hanafi madhhab.

## Career as a writer

   ꠉꠚꠥꠞ ꠞꠢꠤꠝ ꠀꠟ꠆ꠟꠣ ꠇꠣꠖꠤꠞ ꠍꠥꠛꠢꠣꠘ gôfur rôhim alla qadir subôhan Glorified is the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful Allah, The Able ꠍꠤꠔꠣꠞꠣꠄ ꠈꠥꠛꠤ ꠖꠤꠟꠣ ꠡꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠝꠣꠘ sitarae khubi dila shat asman With stars, He beautified the seven heavens ꠏꠝꠤꠘꠦꠞ ꠈꠥꠛꠤ ꠖꠤꠟꠣ ꠇꠔ ꠌꠤꠎꠦ ꠀꠞ zôminer khubi dila kôtô chize ar With many things, He beautified the earth ꠡꠇꠟ ꠝꠢꠔꠣꠎ ꠈꠣꠟꠤ ꠉꠘꠤ ꠙꠞꠅꠀꠞ shôkôl môhôtaj khali gôni pôroar We are all needy except the All-Sufficient Provider
Sadeq Ali decided to take a reformist stance against the common Bengali Muslim literature of Sylhet which had used religious syncretism with Hinduism, in particular Vaishnavism, and Sufi Baul elements. Sadeq Ali then published his Mahabbatnama based on the story of Yusuf and Zulaikha taking inspiration from the earlier version by Shah Gharibullah of West Bengal. He also wrote Hashor Michhil (Procession of Hashr), which also remains in circulation, continuing to be sold in shops in both Sylheti Nagri and Bengali scripts. as well as Radd al-Hind (Response to the Hindus), Kashf al-Bid'ah (Unveiling of Innovation), Pandenama, Dafeh al-Hujat, Hushiarnama and Rahasatul Islam.
Sadeq Ali later composed another puthi about the prophetic biography called Halat-un-Nabi in 1855, focusing more on scripture rather than more popular folk beliefs. It became a household item in every Bengali Muslim homestead in Greater Sylhet and Cachar, making it the most popular and widely printed book in the Sylheti Nagri script. Sadeq Ali wrote Radd-i-Kufr in 1874.

## Death and legacy

Long after Sadeq Ali's death in 1862, the Bangladesh Liberation War took place in 1971. A fire took place in Bandar Bazar, Sylhet town destroying the Islamia Press, which was the largest Sylheti Nagri printing press. However, Bengali script versions of the Halat-un-Nabi puthi continued to be in production and circulation. The puthi was included in the Nagri Grantha Sambhar, a selection of Nagri puthis published by Utsho Prokashon in 2014.
# Viking Coastal Trail

The Viking Coastal Trail is a 25-mile multi-user route around the Isle of Thanet, keeping as close as is possible to the coast. It is also Regional Route 15 of the National Cycle Network. From Reculver (going clock-wise), the trail passes through Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate to reach Pegwell Bay, where Vikings first landed in Kent. The Trail then, uses an inland route on quiet lanes (except the short section beside the A299), passing through a couple of villages with ancient churches including Minster-in-Thanet Abbey and St Nicholas at Wade, to return to Reculver.

## History

The trail was devised by a collaboration of Douglas Bush (the Thanet representative for cycling tour club Right To Cycle, the local secretary of the Thanet Cycle Forum and a member of the East Kent cycle campaign group Spokes), Sustrans (British charity to promote sustainable transport) and Thanet District Council.
Olympic athlete Kelly Holmes MBE opened the Trail, on Sunday 10 June 2001. Total cost of the trail (including design, construction and marketing) is about £500,000 divided roughly equally between Kent County Council and Thanet District Council.

## Route

It is largely traffic free (especially along the coast). On-road 46% - Off-road 54% . The coastal route also follows (in most sections) the route of the Saxon Shore Way (long distance footpath). But the inland section of the trail is still being upgraded and improved, such as the section between the A299 Thanet Way and Reculver. At Sandwich it connects to National Cycle Route 1 to head to Canterbury.
At Reculver, the trail links to Wantsum Walk to Upstreet (following an old river route) and Oyster Bay Trail (leading to Whitstable, along the coastline).
The Trail forms the route for many charity local cycle rides, including Thanet Road Runner mountain bike duathlon, which starts as a short 2.4-mile road run from Minnis Bay and continues with nine miles of cycling before another run of 4.5 miles. It is also used by the British Heart Foundation for its annual Viking Bike Ride.

## Usage

Canterbury Christ Church University College studied the economic impact of the Viking Coastal Trail in 2003. 364 cyclists were interviewed between May and August. They concluded that the overall economic impact of the Trail equates to around £293,297 per year. The Trail is Kent’s No. 1 cycle route. Used by at Ramsgate – 27,965, Westgate – 39,616 cyclists in 2003 during June and August.
# Charlie Rushbrook

Charles Archibald Rushbrook (6 January 1907 – 31 July 1987) was a New Zealand international rugby union player.

## Biography

A speedy wing three-quarter, Rushbrook had two years in the first XV at Wellington College and also excelled in athletics as a sprinter, representing Wellington in two editions of the national championships.
Rushbrook was a regular try-scorer for Wellington and in 1928 won an All Blacks call up for their tour of South Africa, where he scored 10 tries from nine tour matches, but didn't feature in any of the Tests.
On the trip home from South Africa, the All Blacks travelled to Melbourne and Rushbrook scored seven tries in a match against Victoria, a record tally not bettered until 1962 by Rod Heeps.
# Smith Village, Oklahoma

Smith Village is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 66 at the 2010 census.

## History

Rose Henrietta Smith inherited a twenty-acre farm which she subdivided into lots and created the Rose Smith Addition housing development. The town encompasses three-tenths of a square mile and is bounded by Oklahoma City on the west side and by Del City on the North, East and South. In 1952 when Del City attempted to annex the addition, its residents decided to incorporate which was done by a vote in November 1952. Since 1952 a town government has been elected on an irregular basis. Water and sewer services are provided by Sooner Utilities.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.0 mi$^2$ (0.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 66 people, 26 households, and 20 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,390.5 inhabitants per square mile (536.9/km$^2$). There were 20 housing units at an average density of 695.3 per square mile (268.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 85.00% White, 5.00% Native American, 5.00% from other races, and 5.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.50% of the population.
There were 26 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, and 23.1% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.64.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 35.0% from 25 to 44, and 40.0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 135.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $30,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,926. About 22.2% of families and 33.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 100.0% of those over 64.

## Education

It is in the Mid-Del School District.
The zoned schools are Epperly Heights Elementary School, Del Crest Junior High School, and Del City High School.
# Oppositions

Oppositions was an architectural journal produced by the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies from 1973 to 1984. Many of its articles contributed to advancing architectural theory and many of its contributors became distinguished practitioners in the field of architecture. Twenty-six issues were produced during its eleven years of existence.
Oppositions was edited by Peter Eisenmann (1-25), Kenneth Frampton (1-25), Mario Gandelsonas (1-26), Anthony Vidler (6-26), Kurt W. Forster (12-25), and Diana Agrest (26). Contributors included: Diana Agrest, Stanford Anderson, Giorgio Ciucci, Stuart Cohen, Alan Colquhoun, Francesco Dal Co, Peter Eisenman, William Ellis, Kurt W. Forster, Kenneth Frampton, Mario Gandelsonas, Giorgio Grassi, Fred Koetter, Rem Koolhaas, Léon Krier, Mary McLeod, Rafael Moneo, Joan Ockman, Martin Pawley, Aldo Rossi, Colin Rowe, Denise Scott Brown, Jorge Silvetti, Ignasi de Solà-Morales, Manfredo Tafuri, Bernard Tschumi, Anthony Vidler, and Hajime Yatsuka.
The journal was designed by Massimo Vignelli. It collaborated with Arquitecturas Bis, a Barcelona-based architecture magazine. The same writers published articles in both titles which frequently cited each other.
# Characato District

Characato is a district of Arequipa Province, Peru. It is located to the southeast of Arequipa, at an average elevation of 3,505 meters above the sea level. As of the year 2022, it had a population of 17,706.
# Light the Flower

Light the Flower is a puzzle game for iOS developed by Finnish studio Tribeflame and published by Chillingo. The game can be bought from App Store (iOS) for $0,99. It was released on March 22, 2012 and had its latest update on September 27, 2012. The game has received mostly positive reviews and has a Metacritic score of 80.

## Gameplay

Light the Flower has a total of 60 levels divided into five houses with each one containing 12 levels. The levels are unlocked by advancing in the game but all of them can be accessed in the beginning by paying a fee of $0.99. Every level has a flower and the goal of the game is to direct a beam of sunlight to that flower. The direction of the beam can be altered with mirrors. There are also bonus stars on every level that can also be collected with the beam. The number of stars you get determines your score.
# Petrus Kiers

Petrus Kiers (5 January 1807, "Het Groeneveld", near Meppel – 17 November 1875, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, graphic artist and photographer. He created portraits, still-lifes and cityscapes, but he is best known for his genre scenes, lit by lamps or candles.

## Biography

His first lessons were with the portrait and genre painter Douwe de Hoop. From 1825 to 1826, he attended the Rijksakademie. He would continue to work mostly in Amsterdam but, beginning in the 1860s, also worked in Drenthe, especially in Assen.
In 1837, he married the painter Elisabeth Alida Haanen, daughter of the artist Casparis Haanen. Their son, George (1838–1916) became a marine artist and their daughter, Catharina (1839–1930), was a still-life painter. Elisabeth died in 1845 and he remarried in 1850, having two more children.
In 1841, he won a silver medal in a competition held by the Felix Meritis Society. He was a member of Arti et Amicitiae and, in 1856, he was appointed a member of the Rijksakademie. He exhibited widely, including shows in Paris and New York. Maria Vos was among his best-known students.
He also gained a reputation as a pioneering photographer. For several years he was a partner in a photography studio with Johann Benjamin Snoek (1816–1864). Later, he had his own studio in Assen.
# Kate Zackary

Katherine Zackary (born July 26, 1989) is an American rugby sevens player. She debuted for the United States in 2016 and for the sevens team in 2014. She won a silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games as a member of the United States women's national rugby sevens team.

## Biography

Zackary attended Salina South High School and Benedictine College where she initially played soccer. She attended college on a soccer scholarship and it was there that she saw rugby. She played rugby for the Benedictine Saints. In 2014 she quit her job working in a gym to train full-time with the women's Eagles sevens team.
Zackary joined Exeter Chiefs Women's team in 2020, but left to join Trailfinders Women in 2023. Trailfinders compete in the Premiership Women's Rugby, the top tier of women's professional rugby in England.
In 2022, she was named in the Eagles squad for the Pacific Four Series in New Zealand. She was named in the Eagles fifteens squad to the 2021 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.
Zackary was named in the Eagles traveling squad for their test against Spain, and for the 2023 Pacific Four Series. She was in the starting line-up when her side beat Spain 20–14.
# Oregon Historical Quarterly

The Oregon Historical Quarterly is a peer-reviewed public history journal covering topics in the history of the U.S. state of Oregon, for both an academic and a general audience. It has been published continuously on a quarterly schedule by the Oregon Historical Society since 1900. From 1900 to 1925 it was known as The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society; its present title was adopted in 1926. Historian, economist, and sociologist Frederic George Young served as editor from the journal's inception through 1928. The journal's circulation of about 4,500 makes it one of the largest state historical publications in the United States.
# Pternoconius

Pternoconius is an extinct genus of macraucheniid litoptern from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Argentina. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina.

## Etymology

The genus name, Pternoconius, is a near-anagram of the closely related genus Coniopternium. The species name refers to the similarity of the Eocene genus Polymorphis.

## Species
### Pternoconius tournoueri

In 1985, fossils found in the Early Miocene Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation were assigned to the genus under the name Pternoconius tournoueri, consisting of a nearly complete hemimandible.

### Pternoconius bondi

In 2016 a new species of macraucheniid litoptern was described coming from the Bajada del Diablo locality in the Sarmiento Formation, consisting of the anterior portion of the skull with the maxillary region, some fragments of nasal bones, a small portion of the left zygomatic process, and most of the upper dentition (i.e., left P2–M3, right C, and right P1–M3). The species was named after Mariano Bond, in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of South American native ungulates.

## Classification

Pternoconius is a member of the subfamily Cramaucheniinae within the family Macraucheniidae. Phylogenetic analyses of the family in 2014 and 2018 found that Cramaucheniinae is a paraphyletic group and that Theosodon is a sister clade to the subfamily Macraucheniinae, the least primitive members of the family.
| Proadiantus Tricoelodus Polymorphis Pternoconius Coniopternium Cramauchenia Theosodon Scalabrinitherium Oxyodontherium Huayqueriana Paranauchenia denticulata Paranauchenia hystatus Cullinia Promacrauchenia Windhausenia Xenorhinotherium Macraucheniopsis Macrauchenia | Cramaucheniinae Macraucheniinae |
The results of McGrath et al. 2018 are shown below.