OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Codrug

A codrug consists of two drug moieties, generally "active against the same disease", that are joined through one or more covalent chemical bonds to create a single new chemical entity; they can also be described as a mutual prodrug, recognising that a catabolic biosynthetic step is most often required to liberate the two drugs. While acting against the same disease, the two moities may operate via different mechanisms of action, and so display differing specific therapeutic effects. The recognised advantages of a codrug approach to small molecule drug design include the possibilities of (i) combined efficacies of the two drugs that are therapeutically synergistic, (ii) altered properties that improve the pharmacokinetics (e.g., halflife) of the codrug over its individually administered components (iii) improved modes of drug delivery, and (iv) masking of reactive functional groups of each component drug, possibly improving shelf life (as well as pharmacokinetics).

## Elements of codrug design

An effective codrug should be pharmacologically inactive in its own right but should release the constituent drugs upon biochemical breakage of the chemical linkage at the target tissue where their therapeutic effects are needed. As such, the chemical linkage (usually a covalent bond) should be subjectable to biodegradation, such as hydrolysis, by an enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanism. The differential distribution of enzymes capable of catalyzing the breakage of the chemical linkage in different tissues may be exploited to achieve tissue-specific metabolism of the codrug to release the constituent drugs.

## Common codrugs

* Sulfasalazine: Sulfapyridine linked via an azo group to 5-aminosalicylic acid.
* Alpha-GPC: Choline linked to glycerophosphate.
* Benorylate: Paracetamol linked via esterification to acetylsalicylic acid.
* Cod-THC: THC linked via a carbonate group to codeine.
* Fenethylline: Amphetamine linked to theophylline.
* Sultamicillin: ampicillin linked via esterification to sulbactam.
* Cefilavancin: a vancomycin derived antibiotic linked to a cephalosporin antibiotic.
* Rifaquizinone: a rifamycin derived antibiotic linked to a quinolone antibiotic.
# Yerba Buena/Moscone station

Yerba Buena/Moscone station is an underground Muni Metro light rail station located at 4th Street and Folsom Street in the South of Market (SoMa) district of San Francisco, California. It is named for the adjacent Yerba Buena Gardens and Moscone Convention Center. It opened on November 19, 2022, as part of the Central Subway project. The station is served by the T Third Street line which runs between Chinatown and Sunnydale.

## Service

Yerba Buena station has only one entrance, located close to but not along the intersection of 4th Street and Folsom Street. Escalators, elevators, and stairs take passengers between the surface and the ticket hall, labeled as a Concourse level by the station. After passing through fare gates, passengers take a second set of elevators, escalators, and stairs down to platform level. The station is designed as an island platform, though the immediately upper level within the station hosts additional balconies.
The station is also served by Muni bus routes 8, 12, 30 and 45, plus two weekday peak hours express services, the 8AX and 8BX. Additionally, the T Bus and 91 Owl bus routes, provide service along the T Third Street line during the early morning and late night hours respectively when trains do not operate.
The Central Subway was closed from February 26 to March 14, 2025, for water leakage mitigation at Chinatown station.

## Artwork

Of the ten artworks installed for the Central Subway, three are located at Yerba Buena/Moscone station:
* Node by Roxy Paine, is a 110 feet (34 m)-tall sculpture shaped like a branch, tapering from a diameter of 48 inches (1,200 mm) at the base to 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) at the peak, located in the plaza outside the station.
* An untitled work by Catherine Wagner consists of her photographs taken during the late 1970s during the construction of the Moscone Center, rendered on etched granite panels approximately 10 by 12.5 feet (3.0 m × 3.8 m) on the mezzanine and platform walls. One photograph is rendered in art glass at the surface level station entry at 14 by 23 feet (4.3 m × 7.0 m).
* Face C/Z by Leslie Shows is a photographic image of iron pyrite enlarged to 36 by 15 feet (11.0 m × 4.6 m) and rendered in glass, metal, gravel, and other materials above the faregates.
A work by Tom Otterness, consisting of 59 bronze sculptures, was canceled in November 2011 after it was publicized that Otterness had previously filmed himself in 1977 shooting a dog for the piece "Shot Dog Film". Three temporary artworks were displayed on the fence around the construction site: Horizons by Kota Ezawa in 2013–14, Ellipsis in the Key of Blue by Randy Colosky in 2014, and Procession, by Jason Jägel in 2017.
# Powder Tower, Prague

The Powder Tower or Powder Gate (Czech: Prašná brána) is a Gothic tower in Prague, Czech Republic. It is one of the original city gates. It separates the Old Town from the New Town.
Powder Tower, as with many historical sites in Prague, undergoes periodic preservation and restoration. The most recent treatment began Summer 2024 and is scheduled to be completed in October. Jiří Pospíšil, Deputy Mayor for Culture and Tourism stated, ”It is our duty to take care of Prague’s heritage buildings, which are a symbol of Prague and the legacy of our ancestors… Now, in cooperation with Prague City Tourism, we are starting the repair of the Powder Tower, and I am very happy that the tower will have a literal new coat.”

## History

The Powder Tower is one of the original 13 city gates in Old Town, Prague. Its construction began in 1475. The tower was intended to be an attractive entrance into the city, instead of a defensive tower. The foundation stone was placed by Vladislav II. The city council gave Vladislav II the tower as a coronation gift. While it was being built, it was called the New Tower. The look of the tower was inspired by the work of Peter Parler on the Charles Bridge.
Vladislav II had to relocate due to riots, so the tower building stopped. He returned in 1485 to live back in Prague Castle, where he lived for the rest of his life, along with the rest of the Kings of Bohemia who lived in Prague. Kings would not return to use the tower or Royal Court until using it for coronation ceremonies starting again in 1836, where they would pass through the tower to go to St. Vitus Cathedral.
Despite its name the Powder Tower was never used to store gunpowder. The gate suffered considerable damage during the Battle of Prague. The sculptures on the tower were replaced in 1876.
# Khlong Ban Ma MRT station

Khlong Ban Ma station (Thai: สถานีคลองบ้านม้า) is MRT station in Bangkok, Thailand which is under construction on the Orange Line.
# SVO

SVO may refer to:
* San Jose Chamber of Commerce, a chamber of commerce in San Jose, California, United States, known as the Silicon Valley Organization (SVO) from 2017–2021
* Saturn Valley Online, an EarthBound MMORPG
* Sheremetyevo International Airport,three of the major airports serving Moscow, Russia (IATA Airport Code: SVO)
* Small Veblen ordinal, a large countable ordinal
* Social value orientations, a psychological construct
* Sparse voxel octree, an algorithm for computer graphics rendering
* Special Vehicle Operations, a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company
** Ford Mustang SVO, a car developed by Ford Motor Company
* Special military operation (Russian: специальная военная операция, romanized: spetsial'naya voyennaya operatsiya), a euphemism for the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Straight vegetable oil, vegetable oil used as fuel
* Subject–Verb–Object in linguistic typology
# Zsolt Hornyák

Zsolt Hornyák (born 1 May 1973) is a Slovak football manager and a former defender of Hungarian ethnicity. He is the manager of Hungarian team Puskás Akadémia.
As a player, Hornyák won the Czechoslovakian championship in the 1991–92 season, and following the separation of the two countries, four Slovakian championships, and two Slovakian cups. Hornyák was capped by Slovakia three times between 2000 and 2001.

## International career

Hornyák made his debut for the Slovakia national team in a 2–0 friendly victory over Greece on 15 November 2000. He came on for Vladimír Janočko in the 66th minute. He then appeared as a late substitute in a 1-1 friendly draw with Algeria on 27 February 2001. He made his final appearance for the national team on 7 October 2001 in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Macedonia, which Slovakia won 5-0.

## Managerial career

Hornyák worked as a head coach in Armenian football clubs Mika and Banants from 2011 to 2015. In 2011, he was an assistant coach in FC Mika. In 2012, he became a head coach replacing Slovak Jozef Bubenko. In 2012-2013 season FC Mika won Armenian Premier League silver medals and Supercup. Zsolt Hornyák was appointed as a head coach of FC Banants in 2013 leading the team to the gold medals of Armenian Premier League in 2013/2014 season. That was the first title in Armenian Premier League for FC Banants. In 2014 FC Banants under Zsolt Hornyák won Armenian Supercup. He was included in top 10 Slovak coaches list in 2013 (8th place) and 2014 (6th place). He signed a contract with Slovan Liberec in June 2018.

## Managerial statistics

    As of 29 September 2024
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | Nat | From | To | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W% |
| Mika | | 1 December 2011 | 30 June 2013 | 41 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 53 | 38 | +15 | 051.2 |
| Banants | | 1 July 2013 | 30 June 2015 | 67 | 27 | 17 | 23 | 97 | 84 | +13 | 040.3 |
| Mosta | | 2 January 2017 | 1 April 2017 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 35 | −27 | 016.7 |
| Luch-Energiya Vladivostok | | 6 September 2017 | 22 December 2017 | 16 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 20 | 19 | +1 | 031.3 |
| Slovan Liberec | | 1 July 2018 | 30 June 2019 | 39 | 15 | 10 | 14 | 42 | 35 | +7 | 038.5 |
| Puskás Akadémia | | 1 July 2019 | Present | 206 | 99 | 54 | 53 | 362 | 243 | +119 | 048.1 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 381 | 169 | 98 | 114 | 582 | 454 | +128 | 044.4 |

## Honours
### Player
#### ŠK Slovan Bratislava

* Czechoslovak First League Winners (1): 1991-92
* Slovak Super Liga Winners (2): 1994-95, 1998-99

#### 1. FC Košice

* Slovak Super Liga Winners (1): 1996-97

#### Inter Bratislava

* Slovak Super Liga Winners (2): 1999-00, 2000-01
* Slovak Cup Winners (2): 1999–00, 2000–01

### Manager
#### FC Mika

* Armenian Premier League Runners-Up (1): 2012–13
* Armenian Supercup Winner (1): 2012

#### FC Banats

* Armenian Premier League Winner (1): 2013–14
* Armenian Supercup Winner (1): 2014

## Personal

On 3 October 2024, he became a Hungarian citizien.
# Bagnum

Bagnum is a hamlet in the English county of Hampshire. The settlement is within the civil parish of Ringwood (where the 2011 Census was included), and is located approximately 2.2 miles (3.5 km) south-east of Ringwood town centre.
* This Hampshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Electric Railway Journal

Electric Railway Journal was an American magazine primarily about electric urban rail transit in North America, published by McGraw Hill from June 1908 until December 1931. It was founded when publications Street Railway Journal (first published November 1884) and Electric Railway Review (first published January 1891) merged. Initially published weekly, it became monthly in April 1929 until ceasing in December 1931.
# Bonfire Heart

"Bonfire Heart" is the lead single from British singer-songwriter James Blunt's fourth studio album, Moon Landing (2013). The song was written by Blunt and OneRepublic's lead singer Ryan Tedder, with whom Blunt had previously written the single "Stay the Night".
The song debuted at number six and climbed to number four on the UK Singles Chart.

## Promotion

Blunt's record label sent out an email notifying Blunt's fans of the song's release, only to later discover they had inadvertently emailed their entire database. Blunt later took to Twitter to apologise for emailing "the whole of the UK by mistake". The email invited its recipients to visit Blunt's SoundCloud page, where the song could be streamed for free. The song had its first radio broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 29 July, with a lyric video being uploaded to Blunt's YouTube page later that day.
On 7 October, Blunt performed the song live on the results show of the Australian X-Factor.
On 5 November, Blunt performed the song live on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.
On 28 February 2014, Blunt, after being interviewed, performed the song live on Skavlan.

## Music video

A music video directed by Vaughan Arnell was released on 28 August 2013.
The music video for "Bonfire Heart" was filmed in Eastern Idaho as well as Wyoming.
The portion of the music video shot in Idaho was filmed along U.S. Route 20 and Idaho State Highway 33 near Driggs, Idaho.
The portion of the music video shot in Wyoming was filmed along U.S. Route 191 and Wyoming Highway 22. Some scenes were captured in the Grand Teton National Park near Moran, Wyoming.

## Track listing
### Digital download - Single

* Bonfire Heart (Blunt, Tedder)

### CD Maxi Single/Digital download - EP

* Bonfire Heart (Blunt, Tedder)
* Miss America (Acoustic Version from Angel Studios) (Blunt, Steve Mac, Wayne Hector)
* Next Time I'm Seventeen (Blunt, Matt Hales, Dan Wilson)
* Heroes (Blunt, Guy Chambers)

## Personnel

* Smith Carlson - Engineer
# Le Vésinet–Centre station

Le Vésinet–Centre station is a railway station in Le Vésinet, a suburb about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of central Paris. Vésinet–Centre station uses a basic RER station setup with two tracks and two side platforms.

## History

The station opened in 1860 on the first railway line on the Île-de-France region. Built in 1837, the Paris–Saint-Germain-en-Laye railway was initially limited to a line from Paris to the Seine at Le Pecq, since the grade to its intended terminus on the other side of the river at Saint-Germain-en-Laye was too steep for the locomotives of the time. A new Le Pecq station was built in 1847. However, this Le Pecq station was actually in the western section of Le Vésinet. In 1860 another station was built near the center of Le Vésinet. The older station became Le Pecq–Le Vésinet in 1936, but resumed the Le Pecq name in 1942. In 1972, when the line came under the control of the RATP as RER Line A, the present station was constructed and the two stations were named Le Vésinet–Le Pecq and Le Vésinet–Centre.

## Service

Le Vésinet–Centre is on the A1 branch of the RER A. Therefore, westbound services always terminate at Saint-Germain-en-Laye whilst eastbound ones travel to downtown Paris and Boissy-Saint-Léger on the A2 branch. Passengers must switch at Vincennes for trains to Marne-la-Vallée – Chessy on the A4 branch. In general, evening service arrives every 15 minutes, off-peak service arrives at 10-minute intervals, and at peak hours trains come every six minutes.
# Russian Culture Now

Russian Culture Now is a non-profit group based in Chicago that is dedicated to increasing awareness of Russian artists in the United States, especially those in classical music, dance, or opera.
Founded in 2010, the organization hosts receptions for visiting Russian artists, such as Russian choreographer Boris Eifman on April 23, 2011. Russian Culture Now is also known for its scholarship program, which gives out $500 to 10 middle school, high school, and college students who have an interest in either the arts or Russian culture. Russian Culture Now was founded by Aleksandra Efimova, president of Russian Pointe, a brand of ballet pointe shoes.
# Emircan Gürlük

Emircan Gürlük (born 15 October 2003) is a Turkish football player who plays as a left winger for Russian club Orenburg.

## Career

On 6 June 2023, Gürlük signed a contract with the Russian Premier League club Orenburg.
Gürlük made his debut for Orenburg on 26 July 2023 in a Russian Cup game against CSKA Moscow. He made his Russian Premier League debut four days later against Rubin Kazan.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 15 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Altınordu | 2020–21 | TFF First League | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Altınordu | 2021–22 | TFF First League | 28 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 3 |
| Altınordu | 2022–23 | TFF First League | 29 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 4 |
| Altınordu | Total | Total | 58 | 7 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 61 | 7 |
| Orenburg | 2023–24 | Russian Premier League | 15 | 0 | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 1 |
| Orenburg | 2024–25 | Russian Premier League | 14 | 1 | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 19 | 1 |
| Orenburg | Total | Total | 29 | 1 | 14 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 43 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 87 | 8 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 104 | 9 |
* ↑ Includes Turkish Cup, Russian Cup
# Nellie Gould

Ellen Julia Gould, RRC (29 March 1860 – 19 July 1941) was an Australian nurse. She was the first lady superintendent of the Army Nursing Service Reserve, attached to the New South Wales Army Medical Corps, from 1899, and served in this role during the Second Boer War. She and Sister Julia Bligh Johnston operated Ermelo Private Hospital at Newtown, Sydney, for several years.
Gould served in the First World War as matron of No. 2 Australian General Hospital, both in Egypt and in France. She was awarded a Royal Red Cross in 1916 and posthumously inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001.
Gould was played by Rhondda Findleton in the 2014 miniseries ANZAC Girls.
# Monica Martinez

Monica R. Martinez (born August 13, 1977) is a Salvadoran-American, civil servant, educator and politician from the state of New York. A Democrat, she is a member of the New York State Senate representing the 4th district. Martinez has also served in the Suffolk County Legislature, representing the 9th district. She is a former Assistant Principal at East Middle School in Brentwood, NY.

## Early life and career

Martinez was born in El Salvador and moved to the United States at the age of 3. She received her bachelor's degree from Binghamton University, and subsequently a masters and administrative degree from New York University and Stony Brook University respectively. Martinez worked as a social studies teacher at Brentwood High School for 10 years before becoming the assistant principal of Brentwood's East Middle School.
In 2013, Martinez defeated incumbent Suffolk County Legislator Ricardo Montano in the Democratic primary and was subsequently elected to represent Suffolk County's 9th Legislative District. As a legislator, Martinez was known for taking legislative action on the issues of woman's equality and animal rights. Martinez was appointed chairwoman to the Public Safety Committee and pledged to help eradicate the Long Island gang violence epidemic through collaboration with local law enforcement officials.
Martinez resides in Brentwood, New York. She is the younger sister of the Town of Babylon, New York, councilman Antonio Martinez.

## New York State Senate

On June 5, 2018, Martinez announced her intention to seek the New York State Senate seat being vacated by Thomas Croci. On November 6, 2018, Martinez defeated Assemblyman Dean Murray by more than 2,500 votes.
Martinez was named chair for the Committee on Domestic Animal Welfare.
Martinez opposed the Driver's License Access and Privacy Act, a law that authorized undocumented immigrants to obtain New York driver licenses. Of all Senators voting against the bill, Senator Martinez faced the most criticism; she changed her position on the issue after becoming a New York State Senator. Martinez faced protest and has been accused of flip-flopping on the issue and of betraying her own community of origin.
Bills introduced by Martinez that were signed into law include:
* S1719C in the 2019-2020 session, criminalizing revenge porn
* S3852A in the 2019-2020 session, also known as "Shannon's Law", expanding coverage for mammograms under health insurance
* S8138 in the 2020-2021 session, a bill to allow municipalities to defer tax payments during a state of emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic occurring at the time.
In November 2020, Martinez lost her re-election bid to Republican Alexis Weik. On February 14, 2022, Martinez announced her candidacy to once again represent New York's 3rd Senate District in the 2022 general election. Due to redistricting, Martinez later switched to run in the newly drawn 4th Senate District. She was elected on November 8, 2022, defeating businesswoman Wendy Rodriguez with 49.18% of the vote to Rodriguez's 46.85%.
# The Birch

The Birch is a national biannual undergraduate journal of Eastern European and Eurasian culture.

## History and profile

The Birch was established in 2004. The journal, which is run by undergraduates at Columbia University, is the first exclusively undergraduate journal of Slavic, Eastern European and Eurasian studies in America. It is published biannually, in fall and spring semesters. Any enrolled undergraduate can submit work to one of three sections: creative writing, literary criticism and culture and affairs. The Birch has featured interviews with the children of Vladimir Mayakovsky, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Boris Pasternak. The Fall 2006 issue featured an interview with Eduard Shevardnadze.
# Stevnsbær

The Stevnsbær (also known as Løvskal or Heeringbær) is a Danish landrace of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) with characteristically very small, very sour and strongly coloured fruits. Individual named high-performance clones have also been selected from this genetically more diverse variety, for example "Viki" and "Birgitte". The variety dominates sour cherry production in Denmark, where the fruits are processed into juice, jam and wine. The fruits detach readily from the pedicels and can therefore be easily harvested by machine, although the shakers can easily damage the trunks.
Its tolerance to diseases and different soil conditions makes it easy to grow, with medium resistance to Pseudomonas and high resistance to Monilia. On slightly more nitrogen-rich soils, the trees are almost as productive as the highly productive morello cherries.
The trees have medium to strong growing vigor and develop a pyramidal crown shape. Older specimens develop long, hanging shoots. They are self-fertile and flower early in the year. The fruits ripen very late (cherry week seven) to an intense dark red color and have a rather low tendency to burst. They are very small and therefore have a relatively high stone content. The shape is flat-round. The dark flesh is of medium firmness with species-specific aroma and easily separates from the stone. Acid and anthocyanin contents are characteristically high.
The variety has been cultivated for centuries under different local names. It was not until 1976, when a collection of local varieties revealed that many of the samples were of the same variety, that a common name was assigned and the first official pomological description was made. The naming was possibly based on the oldest documented geographical reference, probably due to a large production company being located there, to which the alternative name Heeringbær refers.

## Sources

* J. Vittrup Christensen: Beskrivelse af surkirsebærsorten Stevnsbær (PDF, 150 KiB), 1976
* J. Vittrup Christensen: Evaluation of characteristics of 18 sour cherry cultivars (PDF, 690 KiB), 1986