# Badnavirus

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.

## Taxonomy

The following species are recognized:
* Aglaonema bacilliform virus
* Banana streak GF virus
* Banana streak IM virus
* Banana streak MY virus
* Banana streak OL virus
* Banana streak UA virus
* Banana streak UI virus
* Banana streak UL virus
* Banana streak UM virus
* Banana streak VN virus
* Birch leafroll-associated virus
* Blackberry virus F
* Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus
* Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus
* Cacao mild mosaic virus
* Cacao swollen shoot virus
* Cacao swollen shoot CD virus
* Cacao swollen shoot CE virus
* Cacao swollen shoot Ghana M virus
* Cacao swollen shoot Ghana N virus
* Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus
* Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus
* Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus
* Cacao yellow vein banding virus
* Camellia lemon glow virus
* Canna yellow mottle associated virus
* Canna yellow mottle virus
* Citrus yellow mosaic virus
* Codonopsis vein clearing virus
* Commelina yellow mottle virus
* Cycad leaf necrosis virus
* Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus
* Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2
* Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 1
* Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2
* Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 3
* Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus
* Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus
* Dracaena mottle virus
* Epiphyllum mottle-associated virus
* Fig badnavirus 1
* Gooseberry vein banding associated virus
* Grapevine badnavirus 1
* Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus
* Grapevine vein clearing virus
* Green Sichuan pepper vein clearing-associated virus
* Ivy ringspot-associated virus
* Jujube mosaic-associated virus
* Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
* Mulberry badnavirus 1
* Pagoda yellow mosaic associated virus
* Pineapple bacilliform CO virus
* Pineapple bacilliform ER virus
* Piper yellow mottle virus
* Polyscias mosaic virus
* Rubus yellow net virus
* Schefflera ringspot virus
* Spiraea yellow leafspot virus
* Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A virus
* Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus
* Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus
* Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus
* Sweet potato pakakuy virus
* Taro bacilliform CH virus
* Taro bacilliform virus
* Wisteria badnavirus 1
* Yacon necrotic mottle virus

## Structure

Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90–900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Badnavirus | Bacilliform | T=3 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Badnavirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: mealybugs; mechanical; wounds; seed |