# Macheng

Macheng (Chinese: 麻城; pinyin: Máchéng) is a city in northeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Henan to the north and Anhui to the northeast. It is a county-level city under the administration of Huanggang City and abuts the south side of the Dabie Mountains. The city's administrative area covers about 3,747 square kilometres (1,447 sq mi), and includes some 704 villages and small towns. Total population was 893,654 at the 2020 census.

## History

Macheng has a long history, dating back to the Spring and Autumn period as part of the state of Chu, and was the site of the historic Battle of Boju fought between Chu and Wu in 506 BC. It was named Macheng in 598 AD.
In 1927, a major peasant revolt erupted in Macheng, creating a strong base for the ensuing Communist revolution in 1949. More than 100,000 people joined Mao's Red Army under local Generals, Wang Shusheng and Chen Zaidao. A guerilla base in Macheng was eliminated in the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan.
Macheng played a key role during the Great Leap Forward. In an effort to increase crop yields, the local communist cadres began demolishing walls of old buildings, abandoned huts and farm stables where animals had urinated to provide nutrients for the soil. In January 1958, Macheng County was exalted by the provincial party secretary, Wang Renzhong. for reaching a rice yield of six tonnes per hectare. The People's Daily applauded the efforts in an op-ed and labelled it as a 'model commune' which attracted more than half a million cadres in 1958, including Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Li Xiannian. Spurred on by the positive coverage, overzealous local officials destroyed more than 50,000 houses in an effort to make more manure which spurred other neighboring counties and provinces to follow. As many as 30–40% of all houses in China were destroyed following this incident during the Great Leap Forward.

## Geography
### Administrative Divisions

Macheng administers:
| # | Name | Chinese (S) |
| Districts |||
| 1 | Longchiqiao Subdistrict Dragon Pond Bridge | 龙池桥街道 |
| 2 | Gulou Subdistrict Drum tower | 鼓楼街道 |
| 3 | Nanhu Subdistrict South Lake | 南湖街道 |
| Towns |||
| 4 | Zhongguanyi Town | 中馆驿镇 |
| 5 | Songbu Town | 宋埠镇 |
| 6 | Qiting Town | 歧亭镇 |
| 7 | Baiguo Town | 白果镇 |
| 8 | Fuzihe Town | 夫子河镇 |
| 9 | Yanjiahe Town | 阎家河镇 |
| 10 | Guishan Town | 龟山镇 |
| 11 | Yantianhe Town | 盐田河镇 |
| 12 | Zhangjiafan Town | 张家畈镇 |
| 13 | Muzidian Town | 木子店镇 |
| 14 | Sanhekou Town | 三河口镇 |
| 15 | Huangtugang Town | 黄土岗镇 |
| 16 | Futianhe Town | 福田河镇 |
| 17 | C/Shengmagang Town | 乘马岗镇 |
| 18 | Shunhe Town (Shunheji) | 顺河镇 (顺河集镇) |
| Townships |||
| 19 | Tiemengang Township | 铁门岗乡 |
| Other Areas |||
| 20 | Macheng Economic Development Zone | 麻城经济开发区 |

### Geography of city

The county-level city of Macheng has a total land area of 3,600 km$^2$ (1,400 sq mi). It is located in the northeastern portions of Hubei. Most of the higher elevation portions of the Dabie Mountains is on the northern portions of the city. It is bordered by Henan to the northwest and Anhui to the northeast respectively. The region where Macheng is located is considered as a subtropical area and the Dabie mountainous terrain is mainly to the north and northeast.

### Climate

Macheng has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) with very hot summers and relatively cold winters.
Climate data for Macheng, elevation 74 m (243 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.7 (81.9) | 31.9 (89.4) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.2 (97.2) | 37.7 (99.9) | 39.7 (103.5) | 40.2 (104.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 35.1 (95.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 40.2 (104.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 16.7 (62.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 30.6 (87.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.2 (91.8) | 29.4 (84.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.2 (52.2) | 22.3 (72.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.3 (52.3) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 5.9 (42.6) | 17.1 (62.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 22.1 (71.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 7.5 (45.5) | 2.1 (35.8) | 13.1 (55.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) | −6.6 (20.1) | −4.3 (24.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 10.7 (51.3) | 1.8 (35.2) | −3.9 (25.0) | −14.8 (5.4) | −14.8 (5.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.8 (1.65) | 55.9 (2.20) | 84.0 (3.31) | 108.3 (4.26) | 146.3 (5.76) | 222.0 (8.74) | 264.5 (10.41) | 131.3 (5.17) | 68.8 (2.71) | 62.2 (2.45) | 49.2 (1.94) | 26.8 (1.06) | 1,261.1 (49.66) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.1 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 116.1 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 8.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 72 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 73 | 71 | 72 | 70 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 119.7 | 121.0 | 147.6 | 175.0 | 186.6 | 175.6 | 217.7 | 230.5 | 191.3 | 174.8 | 153.8 | 139.2 | 2,032.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 37 | 38 | 40 | 45 | 44 | 42 | 51 | 57 | 52 | 50 | 49 | 44 | 46 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

### Hydrology

Two major rivers, Jushui and Bashui, flow through Macheng. Both of them originate in Dabie Mountains, and flow into the Yangtze.

## Economy

Macheng is rich in resources, with about one million mu, or 670 square kilometres (260 sq mi)) under agricultural cultivation. Forests cover about three million mu (2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi)), and water covers about 450,000 mu (300 square kilometres (120 sq mi)). The main mineral reserves are basalt, marble, and silicon, with large deposits of jade, gold, silver (large deposits of gold and silver are not verified) and copper, among others. The main plant crops are Chinese chestnuts, chrysanthemums, and persimmon fruit. The area is also famous for mulberry bushes and related silkworm production.

## Transportation

There are two railway stations in Macheng. Macheng railway station is on the Beijing–Kowloon railway between Beijing and Hong Kong. Macheng North railway station is on the Hefei–Wuhan railway.

## Education

Macheng NO.1 high school

## Villages

* Xiangqishan Village