OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John J. Hopfield (spectroscopist)

John Joseph Hopfield (born Jan Józef Chmielewski; July 8, 1891 – January 8, 1953) was a Polish-American physicist. Hopfield's published research included vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and solar ultraviolet spectroscopy. He was the discoverer of the "Hopfield bands" of oxygen and co-discoverer of the "Lyman–Birge–Hopfield bands" of nitrogen. For about a decade he was an industrial physicist working with technologies for fabricating glass windows, and was the inventor listed on several related patents.

## Career

Born in Poland, little is known about Hopfield's upbringing. He was admitted to Syracuse University around 1913, and completed his A.B. degree in 1917 and then worked as an instructor through 1919. At Syracuse, he had worked as an assistant with Raymond Thayer Birge, who moved to University of California, Berkeley around this time. Hopfield was then admitted to Berkeley with a fellowship, and was awarded his doctorate for spectroscopic work in 1923. He became an instructor and assistant professor of physics at Berkeley, and was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1928 to work with Friedrich Paschen for a year in Berlin.
By the time he left Berlin in 1929, the stock market crash and depression had ended most new faculty hiring. Purdue University appointed him as a National Research Council Fellow for two years. He next was employed in creating the physics exhibit for the 1933 "Century of Progress" World's Fair in Chicago. This was followed by a position with the Libbey-Owens-Ford glass company in Toledo, Ohio. With the onset of the Second World War, physicists were again in great demand, and he moved to Washington, D.C., to participate in war-related research. The end of his career was spent at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and at the Naval Research Laboratory in the Optics Division in Washington, D.C.. On January 8, 1953, Hopfield died after a brief illness.
Hopfield's son, J. J. Hopfield, was born in 1933 and also became a noted physicist, receiving the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics.

## Select publications

* Ultraviolet Absorption and Emission Spectra of Carbon Monoxide
* The Ultra-Violet Band Spectrum of Nitrogen
* New Ultra-Violet Spectrum of Helium
* Absorption and Emission Spectra in the Region λ 600-1100.
* New Oxygen Spectra in the Ultraviolet and new Spectra in Nitrogen
* Preparation of Schumann plates
* The Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Sun from V-2 Rockets

## Patents

* HOPFIELD
* Manufacture of multiple glass sheet glazing units
* Uniting of glass to glass and metals to glass
* Multiple glass sheet glazing unit and method of making the same
* Multiply glass sheet glazing unit
* Method of fabricating multiple glass sheet glazing units
# Richard and Joan Ostling

Richard Ostling is an American author and journalist living in Ridgewood, New Jersey. He and his wife, the late Joan K. Ostling, are the co-authors of Mormon America: The Power and the Promise (1999; revised ed. 2007).

## Richard Ostling

Richard N. Ostling (born July 14, 1940, in Endicott, New York) is a journalist who reports on religious topics. He was a senior correspondent for Time and president of the Religion Newswriters Association. Once a senior editor of The Michigan Daily, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Michigan and holds master's degrees in journalism (Northwestern University) and religion (George Washington University) along with an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Gordon College. He is listed in Who's Who in America. He has conducted religious interviews on at least four continents.
Richard Ostling previously reported for the Morning News and Evening Journal and Christianity Today as well as once being the chief religion writer for the Associated Press, where he spent eight years.
In over 27 years at Time, he has written a number of cover stories. He has broadcast on CBS Radio. He has reported regularly for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. Over the course of his career, he has interviewed several notable religious figures such as Billy Graham, the Dalai Lama, the late Mother Teresa and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI). He authored many of the Time magazine stories on the rise of fundamentalist Christianity, including cover stories on Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, Jim Bakker and Jimmy Swaggart. Ostling was the co-author, with Bernard Nathanson, of Aborting America: A History of the Abortion Rights Movement in the United States.
Richard Ostling and his wife had two children, Margaret and Elizabeth.
The Center for Religious Inquiry has called Richard Ostling "one of the most distinguished and honored writers on religion in America." A review in The New York Times called Mormon America: The Power and the Promise "eminently fair, well researched and exhaustive." "His distinctions include a Pulitzer Prize nomination; the American Academy of Religion, Supple and Templeton prizes; and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Religion Newswriters Association."

## Joan Ostling

Joan K. Ostling (June 29, 1939 – January 11, 2009) was an assistant professor of English and journalism at Nyack College, as well as having taught at several other evangelical colleges. She also co-authored a comprehensive bibliography of books by and about C. S. Lewis. Joan Ostling earned master's degrees in English and political science and was a writer and editor for the US Information Agency in Washington, DC.
Joan Ostling died of breast cancer on January 11, 2009 at her home in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
# The Best Day (Thurston Moore album)

The Best Day is the fourth solo studio album by the American alternative rock musician Thurston Moore, released on October 20, 2014 on Matador Records. The album cover is a photograph of Moore's mother, Eleanor Moore, circa 1940 and a photograph of Moore's parents is used as artwork.

## Release

The Best Day was announced for release in March 2014 on Sonic Youth's official news blog. A month prior to its announcement, Moore released "Detonation" as a standalone 7-inch single, backed with "Germs Burn" as its B-side, on the independent English label Blank Editions as part of its Solo Series.
A formal announcement of The Best Day, including cover art, a track listing and release dates, was made on August 20 by Matador Records. The album was released on October 20 in Denmark, France, Sweden and the United Kingdom; October 21 in Spain and the United States; and October 24 in Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Officially licensed streams of the album were made available on NPR Music and The Guardian's official web sites a week prior to its international release. The Best Day was issued as a double LP, single CD and as a digital download, with the first 100 U.S. LP pressings featuring an autographed poster.
Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B |
| Consequence of Sound | B− |
| Cuepoint (Expert Witness) | |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | 8/10 |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.1/10 |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Slant Magazine | |

## Personnel
### The Thurston Moore Band

* Thurston Moore – vocals, guitar
* James Sedwards – guitar
* Debbie Googe – bass
* Steve Shelley – drums

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalog |
| Denmark | October 20, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| France | October 20, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Sweden | October 20, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| United Kingdom | October 20, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Spain | October 21, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| United States | October 21, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Germany | October 24, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Ireland | October 24, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Netherlands | October 24, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
| Switzerland | October 24, 2014 | 2×LP, CD, digital download | Matador | N/A |
# Kenny Allen (archer)

Kenneth "Kenny" Allen (born 8 October 1969) is a British Paralympic archer.
He competed in individual and team recurve in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London and won his first World Championship medal in Bangkok in 2013.

## Biography

Allen was born with spina bifida and lives in Wymondham, Norfolk. During the 2012 Summer Paralympics he set a new Paralympic record with 651 points.
When reclassification took effect in April 2014, Allen was no longer eligible to compete in para-archery under the new rules and decided to focus on able-bodied events instead.

## Personal life

Allen is married and has two children.
# Kawai (disambiguation)

Kawai Musical Instruments is a Japanese musical instrument manufacturing company.
Kawai may also refer to:

## Places

* Kawai, Gifu, a former village in Japan now part of Hida, Gifu
* Kawai, Iwate, a former village in Japan
* Kawai, Nara, a town in Nara Prefecture, Japan
* Kawai, Myanmar, a village in Hkamti Township, in the Sagaing Region
* Kawai Station (Ibaraki), a railway station on the Suigun Line operated by East Japan Railway Company
* Kawai Station (Tokyo), a railway station in Tokyo operated by the East Japan Railway Company
* Kawai Point, a jutting headland on the island of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands
* Kawai, Rajasthan, a town in Rajasthan, India

## People

* Kawai (name), a Japanese surname and feminine given name, including notable people with the name
# List of cities in Azerbaijan

This is a list of cities in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. As of 2013, Azerbaijan has 78 cities, including 10 cities of republican subordination, 67 district-level cities, and 1 special legal status city. These are followed by 260 urban-type settlements and 4,252 villages.

## Cities in Azerbaijan

There are 78 urban settlements in Azerbaijan with the official status of a city (Azerbaijani: şəhər):
* Aghdam
* Agdash
* Aghjabadi
* Agstafa
* Agsu
* Astara
* Aghdara
* Babek
* Baku – the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan
* Balakən
* Barda
* Beylagan
* Bilasuvar
* Dashkasan
* Fuzuli
* Gadabay
* Ganja
* Goranboy
* Goychay
* Goygol
* Hajigabul
* Imishli
* Ismayilli
* Jabrayil
* Julfa
* Kalbajar
* Khachmaz
* Khankendi
* Khojavend
* Khirdalan
* Kurdamir
* Lankaran
* Lerik
* Masally
* Mingachevir
* Nakhchivan
* Naftalan
* Neftchala
* Oghuz
* Ordubad
* Qabala
* Qakh
* Qazakh
* Quba
* Qubadli
* Qusar
* Saatlı (city)
* Sabirabad
* Shabran
* Shahbuz
* Shaki
* Shamakhi
* Shamkir
* Sharur
* Shirvan
* Siyazan
* Shusha
* Sumgait
* Tartar
* Tovuz
* Ujar
* Yardimli
* Yevlakh
* Zaqatala
* Zardab
* Zangilan

## Most populous Azerbaijani cities

List of ten cities, including the capital Baku, with the largest urban population in 2018.
| Rank | Azerbaijani | City | Population | Description |
| 1 | Bakı | Baku | 2,277,500 | Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea. It is located 28 meters below sea level, which also makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world. |
| 2 | Sumqayıt | Sumgait | 343,100 | Sumgait is the second-largest city and seaport in Azerbaijan. |
| 3 | Gəncə | Ganja | 332,600 | Ganja is the third-largest city in Azerbaijan and the largest city outside the Baku metropolitan area. |
| 4 | Xırdalan | Xırdalan | 120,000 | Xırdalan is a city between Baku and Sumgait. |
| 5 | Mingəçevir | Mingachevir | 104,500 | Mingachevir is a city in the north of the country. |
| 6 | Naxçıvan | Nakhchivan | 93,700 |
| 7 | Lənkəran | Lankaran | 87,900 | Lankaran is a city in the south on the coast of the Caspian Sea. |
| 8 | Şirvan | Shirvan | 85,800 | Shirvan is located along the Kura river. |
| 9 | Şəki | Shaki | 65,100 | Shaki is a city known for its rich history. |
| 10 | Yevlax | Yevlakh | 61,200 | |
# Magazine of Western History

The Magazine of Western History, in its last three years The National Magazine, was published from 1884 to 1894. According to the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, among Cleveland publications it was "the only journal possibly ranked by literary and artistic excellence, although only a small portion was devoted to poetry and fiction." As the magazine's name suggests, most of its contents were devoted to history.

## History

Magazine of Western History was founded 1884 in Cleveland by William W. Williams, who was its editor, and L. A. Williams. In 1888 the publication moved to New York City to be published by the Magazine of Western History Co.
In November 1891, at the start of volume 14, the focus on the West was dropped and the magazine was renamed The National Magazine. The name of the publisher changed to The National History Company. Publication ceased after the 17th and last volume in 1894.
# Ahrens

Ahrens or Ahrends is a German surname, derived from a patronymic of Ahrend or Arent, which is a variant form of the given name Arnold.
Ahrens may refer to:

## People

* Angelika Ahrens (born 1972), Austrian journalist and presenter
* Brigitte Ahrens (born 1945), German singer
* Chris Ahrens (disambiguation), several people by this name
* Dave Ahrens (born 1958), American football linebacker
* Eduard Ahrens (1803–1863), Estonian linguist and clergyman
* Edward H. Ahrens (1919–1942), Navy Cross recipient
* Franz Heinrich Ludolf Ahrens (1809–1881), German philologist
* Gaby Ahrens (born 1981), Namibian sport shooter
* Heinrich Ahrens (1808–1874), German philosopher and jurist
* Janette Ahrens (1925–2016), American figure skater
* Joseph Ahrens (1904–1997), German composer and organist
* Kevin Ahrens (born 1989), American baseball player
* Kurt Ahrens Jr. (born 1940), sports car racing and touring car racing driver
* Larry E. Ahrens (born 1957), American IT enterprise architect
* Lou Ahrens, American soccer player
* Louis H. Ahrens, (1918–1990) South African geochemist
* Lynn Ahrens (born 1948), American musical theatre lyricist
* M. Joseph Ahrens, American entrepreneur
* Mariella Ahrens (born 1969), German actress
* Marlene Ahrens (1933–2020), Chilean athlete
* Mary A. Ahrens, American social reformer
* Matthias Ahrens (born 1961), German biathlete, cross-country skier and current coach
* Nick Ahrens (born 1983), American designer and art director
* Rene Ahrens, Australian Paralympic athlete and wheelchair basketballer
* Robert Ahrens (born 1970), American film and theatrical producer
* Sieglinde Ahrens (born 1936), German organist
* Silvia Poll Ahrens (born 1970), Nicaraguan-born swimmer
* Thomas Ahrens (rowing) (born 1948), German coxswain
* Thomas J. Ahrens (1936–2010), American professor of geophysics
* Tobias Ahrens (born 1993), German footballer
* Tom Ahrens, American nurse
* Walther Ahrens (1910–1981), German microbiologist and hygienist
* Wilhelm Ahrens (mathematician) (1872–1927), German mathematician and writer

## Other

* USS Ahrens (DE-575), a Buckley class destroyer escort
* Ahrens (manufacturer), former aircraft manufacturer
* Ahrens v. Clark, a United States Supreme Court case
# Robert G. Greenler

Robert G. Greenler is an American physicist. His research centered on the optical properties of surfaces. Greenler received his B.S. from the University of Rochester and a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He taught physics at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 1962-1992. He became professor emeritus of the same university after his retirement.
Greenler was president of the Optical Society of America in 1987. He was the recipient of the Robert A. Millikan award in 1988.
He is well known for his popular lectures on physics "The Science Bag", which he started with colleague Glenn Schmieg in 1973. "The Science Bag" is a family friendly lecture series on every Friday evening and one Sunday a month at UW-Milwaukee Physics Building. In its 30-year existence the program attracted a cumulative audience of over 140,000 people.

## Awards

* University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Ernest Spaights Plaza Award
* Optical Society of America Esther Hoffman Beller Award.
* Esther Hoffman Beller Medal 1993
* American Association of Physics Teachers Robert A. Millikan award, 1988
Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

## Books

Rainbows, Halos, and Glories 1980. (ISBN 0 521 23605 3)
Chasing the Rainbow: Recurrences in the Life of a Scientist 2000. (ISBN 1 58619 051 2; hbk) (ISBN 1 58619 052 0; pbk)
Outside My Window: A Look at the Oakwood Village Nature Preserve (ISBN 978-1-304-75444-8)
# The Best Thing (Boom Crash Opera song)

"The Best Thing" is a song by Australian band Boom Crash Opera. It was released on 27 November 1989 as the third single from their second studio album, These Here Are Crazy Times! (1989). The song was featured in the 1991 film Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead and was included on its soundtrack album.

## Track listing

* 7" single
* "The Best Thing" – 4:13
* "Flying a Kite in the Rain" – 3:03
* "Safer in Cages" – 4:29

## Charts

| Chart (1989–90) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 67 |

## Listen!! mix

On 10 December 1990, Boom Crash Opera released "The Best Thing (Listen!! mix)" as the first and only single from the band's remix album, Look! Listen!! (1990). It peaked at number 112 on the ARIA Singles Chart in February 1991.

### Track listing

* 12" single
* "The Best Thing" (Listen!! mix) – 7:27
* "The Best Thing" (Listen!! 7" edit) – 4:40
* "The Best Thing" (Smashin' Dub) – 5:36

### Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 112 |

## Hook n Sling version

In 2008, "The Best Thing" was remixed by Australian DJ and producer Hook n Sling, and released under the title "The Best Thing (2008)", through Hussle Recordings. The vocals were re-recorded by Boom Crash Opera singer Dale Ryder for the release. "The Best Thing (2008)" reached number 27 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and spent eight weeks at number one on the ARIA Club Tracks Chart.

### Track listings

* Digital release
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (radio edit) – 4:02
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (club edit) – 7:30
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (Tonite Only remix) – 7:00
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (TV Rock remix) – 7:09
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (Noel Sinner remix) – 5:42
* CD single
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (radio edit)
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (club edit)
* "The Best Thing (2008)" (TV Rock remix)

### Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label |
| Australia | 21 July 2008 | Digital download | Hussle Recordings |
| Australia | 9 August 2008 | Digital download | Hussle Recordings |
| Australia | 18 August 2008 | CD single | Hussle Recordings |
# I Don't Mind (Usher song)

"I Don't Mind" is a song by American singer Usher, featuring American rapper Juicy J. It was released on November 21, 2014, through RCA Records, as the intended third single from his then-upcoming eighth studio album, Hard II Love. The song's lyrics concern being involved with a stripper, and not being bothered by her line of work.
The song peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs chart, becoming his thirteenth number-one single on the chart and tying him with Michael Jackson and Marvin Gaye for sixth place among artists with the most number ones on the chart. Internationally, "I Don't Mind" has peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom.

## Background

An unfinished version of the track surfaced on June 24, 2014, online to good reception. Usher posted the song to his official SoundCloud account on October 2, 2014, confirming it to be the next official single from his then titled album Flawed.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 30,000$^^$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | November 21, 2014 | Digital download | RCA |
| United States | January 20, 2015 | Contemporary hit radio | RCA |
| United Kingdom | March 8, 2015 | Digital download | RCA |
# Good for Nothing (song)

"Good for Nothing" is a single by English indie rock band Hard-Fi. It is the first single from their third studio album Killer Sounds. The single cover does not bear the "Parental Advisory" sticker, despite the profanity used during the chorus. It was released as a digital download on 17 June 2011, and soon after received a "Song of the Week" designation from The Tune.

## Music video

The official music video was filmed in Barcelona, Spain. It features Hard-Fi walking around the Tibidabo area, while there are shots of the Temple Expiatori del Sagrat Cor. There are also appearances of Sant Martí, El Raval and an official RCD Espanyol shirt, the non-touristic and commercial part from Barcelona.

## Track listing
### 7" single

* Good for Nothing
* Good for Nothing (Hard-Fi Meets Wrongtom)

### CD & iTunes single

* Good for Nothing
* Good for Nothing (Wilkinson Remix)
* Good for Nothing (Mark Knight & D. Ramirez Remix)
* Good for Nothing (Ray Foxx Remix)
* Good for Nothing (Hard-Fi Meets Wrongtom 'Good for Dubbing')

## Chart performance

The song peaked at #51 on the UK Singles Chart.
# Good Luck, Father Ted

"Good Luck, Father Ted" is the first episode to be aired of the Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted. It first aired in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland on 21 April 1995.

## Synopsis

Ted is contacted by a producer from Tele Éireann television programme, Faith of our Fathers, requesting to interview Ted as a priest who works in a remote area. Ted is elated to be asked, but as he fears that his fellow priests Dougal and Jack would embarrass him, he tells the producer that he is the only priest on Craggy Island, and arranges to meet the television reporter at "The Field", one of the least-rocky areas on the island.
As the day of the interview arrives, Dougal is excited about attending "Funland", a funfair that has been set up on "The Field". Ted tells Dougal to take Jack in his wheelchair for a walk along the cliffs while he goes to meet the reporter at the fair; however, Dougal and Jack soon appear at the fair, Dougal claiming that the cliffs were "closed" and "gone" due to erosion as an excuse to attend the fair. Ted, who has yet to meet the reporter, unsuccessfully tries to usher Dougal and Jack away. Jack soon takes off on his own while Dougal is distracted, and Ted is forced to look for him, finding him asleep on a park bench. Ted sits down with him, but is too late as he discovers that the bench is part of the "Crane of Death" ride, and is lifted high into the air. From his vantage point, Ted sees that Dougal has been found by the television reporter, and since Ted said he was the only priest on the island, the reporter mistakes Dougal for Ted. In his lament, Ted falls off the bench to the ground.
Later, a heavily bandaged Ted watches the television interview along with Dougal, Jack and Mrs Doyle at the parochial house. Ted cringes as, during the interview, Dougal talks about his doubts about Christianity and organised religion, while the on-screen caption reads "Father Ted Crilly". Jack sees Dougal on the TV set and angrily hurls a whiskey bottle at it, something he had already done earlier in the episode.

## Production

While this was the first Father Ted episode broadcast, it was not always intended to be; the writers originally planned to air "The Passion of Saint Tibulus" first, but later decided that "'Good Luck, Father Ted'" would make a better introduction. Linehan makes a non-speaking cameo appearance, goading the "fierce man" on the stepladder at Funland. Mathews also makes a cameo as the voice on the Funland intercom; the voice Mathews adopts here is the one he used while playing "Father Ted" in a stand-up routine he performed prior to the series's creation.