# Gordon Liu

Gordon Liu Chia-hui (born Sin Kam-hei, 22 August 1955) is a retired Hong Kong actor, martial artist, and filmmaker, best known for his roles in martial arts films. He was of the biggest male stars of Shaw Brothers Studio's martial arts cinema during the 1970s and 1980s.
Born in Guangdong, Liu studied Hung Ga kung fu at the school founded by Lau Kar-leung's father, Lau Cham. He entered the Hong Kong film industry as a stuntman. His early acting credits include minor roles in several Hong Kong kung fu films, including the Shaw Brothers-produced 5 Shaolin Masters (1974). He went on to appear in many Shaw Brothers films, such as Challenge of the Masters (1976), in which he portrayed the folk hero Wong Fei Hung, Executioners from Shaolin (1977), The 36th Chamber of Shaolin (1978), in which he played the lead role as Shaolin hero San Te, Dirty Ho (1979), Return to the 36th Chamber (1980), Martial Club (1981), The Eight Diagram Pole Fighter (1984), and Disciples of the 36th Chamber (1985). By the late-1980’s, he had begun accepting smaller roles, such as in Lau Kar-leung's Tiger on the Beat (1988). In 1993, he appeared opposite Jet Li in Last Hero in China.
Liu made his American film debut in 2003. He played two roles in Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill films: Johnny Mo, the leader of the Crazy 88 yakuza gang in Volume 1 (2003), and kung fu master Pai Mei in Volume 2 (2004). Other than being a staple in Hong Kong action movies and his foray into Hollywood, Liu also made his Bollywood debut in 2009's Chandni Chowk to China.
In 2020, Liu was inducted into the Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame.

## Early life

Liu was born Sin Kam-hei (traditional Chinese: 冼錦熙; simplified Chinese: 冼锦熙) in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China on 22 August 1955, prior to his adoption into another family. He is often wrongly cited as being the adopted son of Lau Cham, and adoptive brother of directors and actors Lau Kar-leung (Liu Chia-liang) and Lau Kar-wing (Liu Chia-yung). He was not adopted by the family, but is Lau Cham's godson, and adopted his surname (traditional Chinese: 劉; simplified Chinese: 刘; pinyin: Liú; Jyutping: Lau$^4$) as his professional name.
In his youth (ages 15–20), he skipped school to train in Chinese martial arts without his parents' knowledge. He trained at Lau Cham's martial arts school of Hung Gar discipline, which descended from Wong Fei-hung's grand student (father to Lau Kar Leung). Lau Cham's wife assisted in his training and due to the friendship and respect Liu felt for Lau and his wife, he took on the name Lau Ka-fai. As he grew up, he found a job as a shipping clerk to make ends meet. His interests had always been towards martial arts and he was eventually offered a role by Lau Kar-leung.

## Career

Liu's first break was with Chang's Film Company (a Shaw Brothers subsidiary operating in Taiwan) acting small parts for such films as 5 Shaolin Masters, Shaolin Martial Arts, and 4 Assassins. He starred in Challenge of the Masters (1976), as the folk hero Wong Fei Hung, and was featured in Executioners From Shaolin (1977) before starring in his signature role as Shaolin hero San Te in The 36th Chamber of Shaolin.
The tale of the imperialistic struggle, while not a new one, was significant for the intense focus placed on the inner workings of Shaolin Temple itself. San Te, Liu's character, overcomes the temple's thirty-five chambers as he unwittingly undergoes the rigorous training regimen imposed by the temple's Head Abbott on the pretext of "earning" a right to study martial arts there.
The "zero-to-hero" tale turned Liu into an international icon in spite of a frame far slighter than that of the folk hero himself (known as "Iron Arms" for the muscularity of his physique) and paved the way for a very healthy working schedule into the mid-1990s, even as younger, more agile martial artists eventually emerged. By the late 1980s, he had begun accepting smaller roles, such as in Lau Kar-leung's Tiger on the Beat.
Liu has also been active in television, and was contracted to Hong Kong's TVB company for many years, continuing playing roles as a martial arts master. Though still performing some martial arts roles, he is at home as well in comedic, self-deprecatory or emotional characters. His second-most common role in TVB has been playing a Hong Kong Police Force officer.
Quentin Tarantino had long been a fan of Liu, and hoped to find him a role in one of his movies. This eventually came to pass with the roles of Johnny Mo and Master Pai Mei in Tarantino's Kill Bill films. His roles in Kill Bill raised Liu's profile again and a renewed interest was shown by Chinese producers; since Kill Bill, Liu has returned to doing movies while continuing to do television for Hong Kong's TVB station.
Other than being a staple in Hong Kong action movies and his foray into Hollywood, Liu also made his Bollywood debut in 2009's Chandni Chowk to China. He played the role of the villain, Hojo, a smuggler and a well-trained martial artist. Before this, he appeared as himself (along with his mentor Lau Kar Leung) in the 2009 film Dragonland, the first Italian documentary about martial cinema history, by Lorenzo De Luca. Liu attended as special guest star at the premiere in Rome, meeting his Italian fans for the first time. During August 2011, Liu had a stroke and put all his plans on hold to recover.

## Health issues and retirement

In August 2011, while in To Kwa Wan performing with his band, Liu had a stroke and hit his head. He had partial right-sided paralysis and a speech impairment as a consequence of the stroke, needing a wheelchair to travel. At the same time, his estranged family from his second marriage had begun pressuring him for money. Depressed at his physical state and family complications, he isolated himself in a nursing home. Liu had cancelled all public engagements as of March 2012. In June 2012, Liu decided to divorce his second wife and focus on his recovery.
During his medical crisis, Liu entrusted his assets to his assistant and spokesperson, Eva Fung. However, the two fell out, and Fung refused to return his assets. Subsequently in 2013, he arranged for Hong Kong actress Amy Fan to become the legal guardian of his assets. Liu later took legal action to recover his assets, and on April 29, 2014, a day before the court date, Fung agreed to return them with interest. In 2015, it was reported that he no longer spoke with a slur but continued to use a wheelchair, and that he had resided at a nursing home for several years.
In 2020, Liu was inducted into the Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

Liu has been married twice. He has two daughters, Angie and Bonnie, from his first marriage which ended in 1986, and a son Kris (冼峻龙) and daughter Sonia (冼咏珊) from his second marriage with Ma Fei-feng (马飞凤) of Thai-descent which ended in 2009.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1973 | Hero of the Waterfront | Extra | |
| 1974 | 5 Shaolin Masters | Chang Yung | |
| 1974 | Shaolin Martial Arts | Ho Chen-kang | |
| 1975 | The Four Assassins | Aburiha / Abulahua | |
| 1975 | The Monk | Foon Ying's Thug / Monk | |
| 1976 | Challenge of the Masters | Wong Fei-hung | |
| 1976 | 7-Man Army | Mongolian Commander #2 | |
| 1976 | Boxer Rebellion | Boxer | |
| 1977 | He Has Nothing But Kung Fu | Shang Kai-Yuan | Also stunt coordinator |
| 1977 | Executioners from Shaolin | Tung Chien-chin | |
| 1978 | Breakout from Oppression | Hsiao Tu | Also director and action coordinator |
| 1978 | The 36th Chamber of Shaolin | Liu Yu-de / San Te | |
| 1978 | Heroes of the East | Ah To | |
| 1978 | Shaolin Mantis | Shaolin Fighting Monk | |
| 1979 | Fury in the Shaolin Temple | | |
| 1979 | Dirty Ho | Wang Tsun Hsin (11'th Prince) | |
| 1979 | The Shadow Boxing | Chang Chieh | |
| 1980 | Clan of the White Lotus | Hong Wen-Ting | |
| 1980 | Return to the 36th Chamber | Chao Jen-Cheh | |
| 1980 | Fists and Guts | Ah-San / Shaolin Priest | |
| 1980 | Shaolin Warrior | Fa Tien | Also producer |
| 1981 | My Young Auntie | James | |
| 1981 | Elders | | |
| 1981 | The Shaolin Drunken Monk | Lao Chung | |
| 1981 | Treasure Hunters | Monk Mo Seung | |
| 1981 | Martial Club | Wong Fei-hung | |
| 1982 | Raiders of Shaolin Kung Fu | Ga-wi Yu | |
| 1982 | Legendary Weapons of China | Ti Tan | |
| 1982 | Godfather of Canton | Lin Si Hai | |
| 1982 | The 82 Tenants | Ah Hui | |
| 1982 | Cat vs Rat | Emperor Yung Hsi | |
| 1983 | Lady Is the Boss | Lee Hon Man | |
| 1983 | Shaolin and Wu Tang | Hung Yung-Kit | Also director |
| 1983 | Tales of a Eunuch | Emperor Kang Hsi / Siu Yuen Tzu | |
| 1984 | The Eight Diagram Pole Fighter | Yang Wu-lang (Fifth Brother) | |
| 1985 | Two Jolly Cops | Lo Tak-Fai | Also producer |
| 1985 | The Young Vagabond | So Chan | |
| 1985 | Disciples of the 36th Chamber | Monk San Te | |
| 1985 | Crazy Shaolin Disciples | Monk Wu Ching | |
| 1985 | USA Ninja | | Action director |
| 1986 | The Story of Dr. Sun Yat Sen | | |
| 1988 | Legend of the Phoenix | | |
| 1988 | Tiger on the Beat | Fai, The Hitman | |
| 1988 | A Bloody Fight | Inspector Lau Fai | |
| 1988 | Peackock King | Kubira | |
| 1988 | Shaolin vs. Vampire | Hyo Daiyu | Also director |
| 1988 | Let's Rage the Gangland | | |
| 1989 | A Fiery Family | Wei | |
| 1989 | Fury of a Tiger | Rambo / Sergeant Mang | Also action choreographer |
| 1989 | White Lotus Trio | | |
| 1989 | My Heart Is That Eternal Rose | Lai Liu | |
| 1989 | Ghost Ballroom | Chai | |
| 1989 | Killer Angels | Michael | |
| 1990 | Tiger on the Beat 2 | Lau Fai | |
| 1990 | The Fortune Code | Japanese Commander in Blue | |
| 1991 | The Killer | Inspector Wong | |
| 1991 | Crystal Hunt | Officer Lung | |
| 1991 | The Banquet | | |
| 1991 | A Fate of Love | | |
| 1991 | The Story of the Gun | Officer Lau Fai | |
| 1992 | Passionate Killing in the Dream | Chit-Chit | |
| 1992 | Cheetah on Fire | Mainland Gang Leader | |
| 1992 | Cry Killer | | Martial arts director |
| 1993 | Flirting Scholar | Evil Scholar | |
| 1993 | Last Hero in China | Master Liu Heung | |
| 1993 | Legend of the Liquid Sword | Shaolin Monk | |
| 1993 | The Buddhism Palm Strikes Back | For-wan Tse-san | |
| 1993 | The Mystery of the Condor Hero | Yuen-tsan | |
| 1993 | Bogus Cops | Hood | |
| 1994 | The Kung Fu Scholar | His Excellency | |
| 1994 | Drunken Master III | Governor Lee (as Kar Fai Lau) | |
| 1994 | American Shaolin | Abbot Hung Chi | |
| 1994 | If You Were Here | Mr. Chiang | Also stunt coordinator |
| 1994 | Funny Shaolin Kids | | |
| 1995 | Lethal Girls 2 | | |
| 1997 | Super Cops | Uncle Shing | Also action coordinator |
| 1998 | Thunder Scout | | |
| 1999 | The Set Up | | |
| 1999 | Heaven of Hope | Coffin Leung | |
| 1999 | Generation Consultant | Lieutenant Chow | |
| 1999 | Generation Pendragon | | |
| 1999 | Gambler Series: Fraudelent Culture | | |
| 2000 | The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber | Sing Kwan | |
| 2000 | The Legend of Lady Yang | Chan Yuen-lai | |
| 2000 | The Island Tales | Bo | |
| 2002 | Drunken Monkey | Detective Hung Yat Fu | |
| 2003 | Star Runner | Master Lau (Coach Lau) | |
| 2003 | Kill Bill: Volume 1 | Johnny Mo | |
| 2004 | Kill Bill: Volume 2 | Johnny Mo / Pai Mei | |
| 2004 | Shaolin vs. Evil Dead | Pak / Brother White | |
| 2004 | Dragon in Fury | | |
| 2004 | Snake Curse | Dr. Gao Er | |
| 2005 | Dragon Squad | Ko (Police Driver) | |
| 2005 | A Chinese Tall Story | Jade Emperor | |
| 2005 | Insuperable Kid | Japanese Ambassador | |
| 2005 | Dragon Get Angry | | |
| 2006 | Katana-Man | | |
| 2006 | Mr. 3 Minutes | Triad Head (Mahjong Debt Collector) | |
| 2006 | Hung Kuen vs. Wing Chun | Liu Chiaoxi | |
| 2006 | My Kung Fu Sweetheart | | |
| 2007 | Shaolin Vs. Dead: Ultimate Power | Roam Chow | |
| 2008 | Heroes of Shaolin | | |
| 2008 | Anaconda Frightened | Master Mao Dashi | |
| 2009 | Chandni Chowk to China | Hojo | |
| 2009 | Frankenstein Unlimited | | |
| 2010 | Lost in Love | Banker | |
| 2010 | Citizen King | Master Cheung | |
| 2010 | The Immemorial Magic | | |
| 2010 | Hot Summer Days | Uncle Fai | |
| 2010 | True Legend | Old Sage | |
| 2011 | Love in Space | Mr. Chen | |
| 2011 | Kill Bill: The Whole Bloody Affair | Johnny Mo / Pai Mei | |
| 2011 | Flying Swords of Dragon Gate | Eunuch Wan Yulou | |
| 2012 | Nightfall | Retired CID Officer Lung | |
| 2012 | The Man with the Iron Fists | The Abbott | |
| 2012 | Painted Skin: The Resurrection | Uncle Da | |
| 2012 | Blood Money | Shaolin Monk | |
| 2012 | Kill 'em All | Snakehead | |
| 2012 | No Retreat | | |
| 2012 | Warrior | | |
| 2013 | High Kickers | Zhao Yumin | |
| 2014 | Future Fighters | | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Chinese Title | Role |
| 1990 | The Legend of the Invincible | 劍魔獨孤求敗 | Gong Zan-hung |
| 1991 | Mystery of the Twin Swords | 日月神劍 | Jin Pin-cin |
| 1992 | Mystery of the Twin Swords II | 捉妖奇兵 | Jin Pin-cin |
| 1993 | The Mystery of The Condor Hero | 射鵰英雄傳之九陰真經 | Jyun Zan |
| 1993 | The Buddhism Palm Strikes Back | 如來神掌再戰江湖 | Ngou Cin-saan |
| 1995 | The Condor Heroes 95 | 神鵰俠侶 | Kam-lun Fat-wong |
| 1995 | Detective Investigation Files II | 刑事偵緝檔案II | Cing Gan |
| 1996 | Journey to the West | 西遊記 | Bull Demon King |
| 1997 | Bonds of Blood | 千秋家国梦 | Zhang Baozi / Chen Jiongming |
| 1997 | Taming of the Princess | 醉打金枝 | Lei Gin (Sing Ping's 8th Royal Uncle) |
| 1998 | Journey to the West II | 西遊記 | Bull Demon King, Golden Horned King |
| 1999 | Witness to a Prosecution | 洗冤錄 | Nip Yan-lung |
| 1999 | Hero of Shanghai | 中華大丈夫 | Hoi's Dad |
| 1999 | Dragon Love | 人龍傳說 | Sea Dragon King |
| 2000 | The Legendary Four Aces | 金裝四大才子 | |
| 2000 | Legend of Lady Yang | 楊貴妃 | Chen Xuanli |
| 2001 | The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber | 倚天劍屠龍刀 | Cheng Kun / Yuan Zhen |
| 2001 | A Step into the Past | 尋秦記 | Cho Chau-dou |
| 2003 | The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow | 九五至尊 | Heung Yeung |
| 2005 | Real Kung Fu | 佛山贊師父 | Lin Yung |
| 2005 | The Gateau Affairs | 情迷黑森林 | Tong Sam |
| 2006 | A Pillow Case of Mystery | 施公奇案 | Sima Jui-fung |
| 2006 | Lethal Weapons of Love and Passion | 覆雨翻雲 | Lai Yue-hoi |
| 2007 | Best Bet | 迎妻接福 | Tsang Dai-lik |
| 2007 | On the First Beat | 學警出更 | Yuen Moon |
| 2007 | The Ultimate Crime Fighter | 通天幹探 | Lai Chun Cheung |
| 2008 | The Four | 少年四大名捕 | Lam Po-Tian |
| 2009 | Man in Charge | 幕後大老爺 | Tai Yau-Kung |
| 2009 | Chinese Paladin 3 | 仙劍奇俠傳三 | Evil Sword Immortal |
| 2010 | A Pillow Case of Mystery II | 施公奇案 II | Si Ma Jeui-fung |
| 2010 | Beauty Knows No Pain | 女人最痛 | Ng Lap-chau |
| 2010 | Links to Temptation | 誘情轉駁 | Lam Chung-pau |
| 2011 | Relic of an Emissary | 洪武三十二 | Yim Chun |
| 2011 | Curse of the Royal Harem | 萬凰之王 | Tunggiya Shumung |

### Documentaries

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 1991 | A Fate of Love | | Video |
| 1992 | Yesterday Once More | Assassin | Video |
| 1994 | Cinema of Vengeance | Self | Uncredited |
| 1995 | Top Fighter | Self | Video Documentary |
| 2002 | The Art of Action: Martial Arts in Motion Picture | Self (Interviewee) | Movie Documentary |
| 2003 | Cinema Hong Kong: Wu Xia | Self | Movie Documentary |
| 2003 | Chop Socky: Cinema Hong Kong | Self (as Ka Fai Lau) | Movie Documentary |
| 2008 | Dragonland | Self | Italian Documentary |
| 2010 | Medallion of Kung Fu | Self (Action Director) | Short Video |
| 2011 | Tarantino, the Disciple of Hong-Kong | Self | French Documentary |
| 2013 | Wu Xia Pian | Self | French Documentary |