# Streptomycetaceae

Streptomycetaceae is a family of the class Actinomycetota, making up the monotypic order Streptomycetales. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin, the first antibiotic against tuberculosis.

## Genomics

Sequence alignments of actinomycetotal genomes have led to the identification of three conserved signature indels which are unique to the order Streptomycetales. The enzyme PBGD contains a four-amino-acid insertion which is present in all Streptomyces species and Kitasatospora setae, but not any other Actinomycetota. Similarly, a one- amino-acid insertion is present in a conserved region of adenylate kinase and is found in all Streptomyces species and K. setae, but is not found in any other Actinomycetota. Five conserved signature proteins have also been identified which are present in various sequenced Streptomyces species, but not in K. setae; however, as the complete genome of K. setae has not yet been sequenced, these proteins may be present in K. setae. Additionally, 11 conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all sequenced Streptomyces species and K. setae. These proteins are believed to be unique to the Streptomycetales order, thus provide molecular markers which can be used to distinguish this group from the rest of the Actinomycetota. Phylogenetic trees indicate that the order Catenulisporales is closely related to the order Streptomycetales. This inference is supported by a one-amino-acid conserved signature indel which is uniquely found in all Streptomycetales species and Catenulisporales acidiphilia, the only Catenulisporales species whose complete genome has been sequenced. Additionally, three conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all Streptomycetales species and C. acidiphilia. Both the conserved signature indel and the conserved signature proteins provide evidence that the orders Streptomycetales and Catenulisporales are closely related.

## Genera

The family Streptomycetaceae comprises the following orders:
* Actinacidiphila Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* Allostreptomyces Huang et al. 2017
* Carbonactinospora Volpiano et al. 2021
* Embleya Nouioui et al. 2018
* Kitasatospora corrig. Ōmura et al. 1983
* Mangrovactinospora Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* "Marinispora" Kwon et al. 2006
* "Oospora" Wallroth 1833
* "Parastreptomyces" Nichols et al. 2005
* Peterkaempfera Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* Phaeacidiphilus Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* Streptacidiphilus Kim et al. 2003
* Streptantibioticus Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)
* "Waksmania" Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1957
* Wenjunlia Madhaiyan et al. 2022
* Yinghuangia Nouioui et al. 2018

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| Whole-genome analysis | 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| Catenulisporales Catenulisporaceae Streptomycetales Carbonactinosporaceae Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica Streptomycetaceae Embleya Phaeacidiphilus Streptacidiphilus Kitasatospora Wenjunlia vitaminophila Streptomyces | Catenulisporales Motilibacterales Vallicoccaceae Motilibacteraceae Streptomycetales Allostreptomyces Streptomyces burgazadensis Saricaoglu et al. 2014 Yinghuangia soli Embleya Yinghuangia Streptomyces [incl. Kitasatospora; Mangrovactinospora; Peterkaempfera; Phaeacidiphilus; Streptacidiphilus; Wenjunlia; Actinacidiphila; Streptantibioticus] Streptomycetaceae | Catenulisporales Catenulisporaceae Streptomycetales Carbonactinosporaceae Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica (Gadkari et al. 1991) Volpiano et al. 2021 Streptomycetaceae Embleya Nouioui et al. 2018 Yinghuangia Nouioui et al. 2018 Allostreptomyces Huang et al. 2017 Mangrovactinospora Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Phaeacidiphilus Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Streptacidiphilus Kim et al. 2003 Peterkaempfera Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Kitasatospora corrig. Ōmura et al. 1983 Wenjunlia Madhaiyan et al. 2022 Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 [inc. Actinacidiphila Madhaiyan et al. 2022; Streptantibioticus Madhaiyan et al. 2022] |