# President of Botswana

The president of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Botswana Defence Force, according to the Constitution. The president is elected by the National Assembly, the sole house of the Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party. The Constitution limits the president's tenure to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the constitution was Sir Seretse Khama, who was the prime minister from 1965 to 1966. The incumbent is Duma Boko, who was elected by the National Assembly on 1 November 2024 following the 2024 general election. The president may be removed by a motion of no confidence.

## Presidential term

The president is elected to a five-year term that runs concurrently with the term of the National Assembly. Previously, a president could be reelected any number of times. In 1997, under the second president, Quett Masire, term limits were imposed on the office for the first time. Since 1998, the president has been limited to a total of 10 years in office (equivalent to two full terms), whether successive or separated. The first president for whom the term limits applied was Festus Mogae, who was required to leave office for good in 2008. Each president gets a guaranteed pension.

## Election

The president is elected by the members of the National Assembly following a general election. All candidates for the National Assembly declare whom they endorse for president when they lodge their nomination papers, and the candidate who receives a majority of endorsements from the elected members of the National Assembly is automatically elected. If no candidate receives a majority of endorsements, the National Assembly elects the president by simple majority, before it co-opts the specially elected members. If no president is elected after three ballots, or if the Speaker determines that no candidate has enough support to be elected, the legislature is automatically dissolved for fresh elections. In practice, the president is the leader of the majority party or alliance in the Assembly. Also, given the first-past-the-post system for the National Assembly, majority governments have been the rule in Botswana since independence.

## Presidential powers

The president is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the Botswana Defence Force. The rights, responsibilities and remuneration of the president are enumerated in Chapter III of the Constitution and subsequent acts passed by the National Assembly.
The executive powers of the republic are vested in the president, who appoints various officials to positions listed in the Constitution, the most significant of which are the cabinet ministers and Justices of Appeal of the Court of Appeal. The president should consult the Cabinet on respective matters of policy. The president could assent or withhold his assent on bills passed by the National Assembly. If the National Assembly passed the bill again the President shall assent or withhold his assent within 21 days, or could dissolve the National Assembly. The president is accorded the constitutional powers to declare state of public emergencies and grant pardons or commutation with the advice of the Advisory Committee of Prerogative of Mercy.

## List of officeholders
### Symbols

$^†$ Died in office
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party (Coalition) |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party (Coalition) |
| 1 | | Seretse Khama (1921–1980) | 1965 1969 1974 1979 | 30 September 1966 | 13 July 1980 | 13 years, 287 days | BDP |
| 2 | | Quett Masire (1925–2017) | 1984 1989 1994 | 18 July 1980 | 31 March 1998 | 17 years, 256 days | BDP |
| 3 | | Festus Mogae (born 1939) | 1999 2004 | 1 April 1998 | 1 April 2008 | 10 years | BDP |
| 4 | | Ian Khama (born 1953) | 2009 2014 | 1 April 2008 | 1 April 2018 | 10 years | BDP |
| 5 | | Mokgweetsi Masisi (born 1961) | 2019 | 1 April 2018 | 1 November 2024 | 6 years, 214 days | BDP |
| 6 | | Duma Boko (born 1969) | 2024 | 1 November 2024 | Incumbent | 133 days | BNF (UDC) |