OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flash Comics

Flash Comics is a comics anthology published by All-American Publications and later by National Periodical Publications (DC Comics). The title had 104 issues published from January 1940 to February 1949. Despite the title, the anthology featured the adventures of multiple superheroes in addition to Jay Garrick, the original Flash. Characters introduced in the series include the Flash, Hawkman (Carter Hall), Hawkgirl and Black Canary.

## Publication history

The series debuted with a January 1940 cover date, while initially published on November 20, 1939. The first issue featured the first appearances of the Golden Age versions of the Flash, Hawkman, and Johnny Thunder. The Flash was later given a solo comic book series, All-Flash which ran for 32 issues between Summer 1941 to January 1948.
Artist Joe Kubert's long association with the Hawkman character began with the story "The Painter and the $100,000" in Flash Comics #62 (Feb. 1945). The Monocle was introduced in #64 as a new foe for Hawkman.
Carmine Infantino's first published work for DC was "The Black Canary", a six-page Johnny Thunder story in Flash Comics #86 (August 1947) that introduced the superheroine the Black Canary. Writer Robert Kanigher and Joe Kubert created the Thorn in issue #89 (November 1947).
Flash Comics was cancelled in 1949 with issue #104. The series' numbering would be continued by the first volume of The Flash series, which debuted during the Silver Age in 1959 and featured Barry Allen as the new Flash.
* Hawkman - issues #1 (January 1940) – #104 (February 1949)
* Johnny Thunder - issues #1 (January 1940) – #91 (January 1948)
* The Whip - issues #1 (January 1940) – #55 (July 1944)
* Cliff Cornwall - issues #1 (January 1940) – #19 (July 1941)
* Ghost Patrol - issues #29 (May 1942) – #104 (February 1949)
* Black Canary - issues #92 (February 1948) – #104 (February 1949)

## Collected editions

* Golden Age Flash Archives:
** Vol. 1 collects the "Flash" stories from Flash Comics #1–17, 224 pages, September 1999, ISBN 978-1563895067
** Vol. 2 collects the "Flash" stories from Flash Comics #18–24, 224 pages, February 2006, ISBN 978-1401207847
* The Flash Archives Vol. 1 includes the "Flash" story from Flash Comics #104, 224 pages, May 1998, ISBN 978-1563891397
* Golden Age Hawkman Archives Vol. 1 collects the "Hawkman" stories from Flash Comics #1–22, 224 pages, February 2006, ISBN 978-1401204181
* JSA All-Stars Archives Volume 1 includes the "Johnny Thunder" stories from Flash Comics #1–4, 256 pages, October 2007, ISBN 978-1401214722
* Black Canary Archives collects the "Johnny Thunder" stories from Flash Comics #86–91 and the "Black Canary" stories from Flash Comics #92–104, 224 pages, December 2000, ISBN 978-1563897344
# Flux (magazine)

Flux was a short-lived magazine in the mid-1990s which focused on music (mostly hard rock and hip-hop), comic books and video games.

## History and profile

The magazine was bi-monthly and lasted for seven issues. The headquarters was in New York City and the publisher was Harris Publications. It was presented as an edgier alternative to magazines such as EGM and GamePro. Notable recurring departments included "Don't Ever Do This", which offered explicit instructions for pranks and antisocial behavior, and "Babewatch", which was merely photos of attractive women from TV shows, movies, and comic books.
Starting with issue #4, the publisher began releasing two different editions of the magazine, one for the newsstand and the other for the direct market/comic bookshops. The covers of the newsstand issues would often focus more on popular video games at the time such as Mortal Kombat 3, while the direct market editions would focus more on popular comic books at the time like Lady Death. The interior content would be identical, however the direct market issues were numbered starting from 1, so issue #4 was #1 in direct market, etc.
Amongst its editors was Dan Amrich, who would go on to write for GamePro for several years under the moniker of Dan Elektro. Comics reviews were written by Christopher Golden, who would later write comics himself, as well as horror and fantasy novels. The original magazine folded in 1995, but in 1997, it relaunched again starting with issue #1 and also available digitally on their website. The new version is incorporated in the UK.
# Sunrise (Alexandra Joner song)

"Sunrise" is a song by Norwegian singer Alexandra Joner. The song was released in Norway on 4 May 2012 for digital download. The song features vocals from Norwegian dance/hip hop duo Madcon. The song entered the Norwegian Singles Chart at number eight.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Sunrise" was first released onto YouTube on May 4, 2012 at a total length of three minutes and fifty-eight seconds.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 8 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Norway | 4 May 2012 | Digital download | Universal Music |
# Foodservice Equipment & Supplies

Foodservice Equipment & Supplies is a trade publication serving the information needs of dealers, broadline distributors, consultants and multi-unit operators who specify and purchase foodservice equipment and supplies.

## History and profile

Established in 1948, Foodservice Equipment & Supplies is published monthly. Regularly occurring articles included People & Events, Chain Profile, Facility Design Project of the Month, and Dealer Sales Representative of the Month. Former owner Reed Business Information sold off the title to the Zoomba Group in May 2010. the magazine is based in Elmhurst, Illinois. Its sister publication is Restaurant Development & Design, which was launched in 2012.
Foodservice Equipment & Supplies' Dealer of the Year award was recognized as the pre-eminent honor in foodservice distribution. This award dated back nearly a quarter of a century and recognized the industry's most outstanding equipment and supplies distributor. The winner was featured in the May cover story of Foodservice Equipment & Supplies each year.
At the end of each year, Foodservice Equipment & Supplies published their All-Star Issue, which took an in-depth look at exceptional industry performers. The 2007 issue was focused on convenience stores.
# Erika Benítez

Erika María Benítez Lizaola is a Mexican astronomer whose research involves blazars and active galactic nuclei. She is a professor in the Faculty of Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and a researcher in the UNAM Institute of Astronomy.

## Education and career

Benítez studied physics as an undergraduate at UNAM, and continued at UNAM for doctoral study in astronomy, completing her Ph.D. in 1997. Her dissertation, Estudios de Variabilidad de Núcleos Activos de Galaxias, reported the discovery of the host galaxy for blazar OJ 287.
She has worked as a researcher at the UNAM Institute of Astronomy since 1997.

## Recognition

Benítez is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.
# Friendship and Freedom

Friendship and Freedom, published from 1924 to 1925, was a short-lived American gay-interest newsletter published by the Chicago-based Society for Human Rights (SHR), the first recognized homosexual rights organization in the United States. Henry Gerber, founder of the Society for Human Rights, started publishing the newsletter using his personal typewriter. The purpose of the newsletter was to act as a forum of discussion among gay men. The first issue of the newsletter was published in 1924, and a total of only two issues were published. Friendship and Freedom was the first known gay-interest periodical in the United States. This periodical, along with Jim Kepner's Gay Fan and Lisa Ben's Vice Versa, is described by author of LGBT-issues James Thomas Sears as "amateurish". The title of the magazine, Friendship and Freedom, was directly translated from a 1920s German gay magazine, Freundschaft und Freiheit.
In the 1920s, the United States was less accepting of LGBT people compared to contemporaneous Germany, where many gay rights organization flourished during this period. As a result, Gerber's room in a boardinghouse was raided by the Chicago Police Department in July 1925, and everything associated with the publication of the newsletter, including Gerber's typewriter and his personal diaries, were seized. Gerber was thrown into jail for three days and the news of his arrest was published in the contemporary press with the headlines, "Strange Sex Cult Exposed." All copies of Friendship and Freedom that were not in circulation were seized by the police and destroyed.
No known copy of Friendship and Freedom survives today. Despite lack of any existing copy, the existence of this publication was verified by American LGBT historian Jonathan Ned Katz through a photograph published by sexologist and LGBT-rights advocate Magnus Hirschfeld in 1927 depicting homosexual publications, among them Friendship and Freedom.
# Fretboard Journal

The Fretboard Journal is a keepsake magazine for guitar, mandolin, and stringed instrument players. In the same vein of other "coffee table magazines" such as The Surfer's Journal, the Golfer's Journal and the Rodder's Journal, it boasts high-end production values, lengthy interviews and exclusive photography in each issue. Each issue is filled with photos of rare instruments, well-known musicians, and even the workshops of instrument builders. The magazine is also distributed digitally.
The Fretboard Journal was founded by Michael Simmons, a veteran of musical instrument retail sales, and Jason Verlinde, a longtime music journalist. It is published out of Seattle, Washington. Years before, they collaborated on the Ukulele Occasional magazine, a small zine devoted to the four string instrument.
The first issue of the Fretboard Journal was unveiled in November 2005. Stories included an interview with mandolinist David Grisman, an interview with Charlie Louvin by Neko Case, and a profile of Santa Cruz Guitar Company. The second issue featured Case on the cover discussing tenor guitars, an article about Martin Guitars', history and an interview with mandolinist Andy Statman. Issues now come out every three months.
In 2006, the magazine was the only publication listed in the Washington Post's annual Best of 2006: Music section. It was also profiled in the July 2009 issue of Seattle magazine. In 2022, they published their 50th edition.
The magazine is known for its long-form journalism and in-depth interviews, often several thousand words long, covering a wide array of musician subjects and styles. It also often frequently asks well known musicians to interview their musical heroes. In addition to Case interviewing Louvin, the magazine has had Ben Harper interview David Lindley for the Fall 2008 issue; Bill Frisell interview Jim Hall for the Winter 2008 issue and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth interview Michael Chapman for the Winter 2009 issue.
In collaboration with the Old Town School Of Folk Music in Chicago, the magazine hosts an annual Fretboard Summit event featuring luthiers, artists, and journalists. The Summit is held at the Lincoln Square campus of the Old Town School of Folk Music. Prominent performers include Julian Lage, Bill Frisell, and Tommy Emmanuel
More recently, the magazine has expanded to producing high-definition videos of many of its subjects, including Jackson Browne, David Crosby and many other artists and builders. They also have a weekly podcast featuring many of the magazine's subjects and artists.
In 2012, the magazine celebrated its seventh anniversary with a party for its subscribers and contributors in Seattle's Fremont neighborhood. Performers at the party included Bill Frisell, Reignwolf, Eric Skye and many others. The magazine posted photos from the event on its website.
# Funworld Magazine

Funworld Magazine, stylized as FUNWORLD Magazine, is a trade journal for the global attractions industry. The magazine was launched in 1985. It is published monthly in both print and digital version by the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA). IAAPA also produces "News Flash", a daily e-newsletter that provides industry news stories from around the world.
# Galileo (magazine)

Galileo Magazine of Science & Fiction was an American science and science fiction magazine published out of Boston, Massachusetts.

## Publication history

The first issue was released in September 1976. Issue #5 was published in October 1977. It then changed to a bimonthly publishing schedule beginning with issue #6 published in January 1978. The last issue published was issue #16 in January 1980. Issue #17 was planned, but the magazine folded and only the covers for #17 were printed.

## Contributors

Larry Niven's The Ringworld Engineers was serialized in #13–#16. Other contributors include:
* Brian Aldiss
* Ray Bradbury
* Damien Broderick
* Arthur C. Clarke
* Harlan Ellison
* Joe Haldeman
* Frank Herbert
* Robert Silverberg
* Joan D. Vinge
* Jack Williamson
* Larry Blamire - Illustrator

## Issues

* Issue #1 1976 (quarterly)
* Issue #2 1976 (quarterly)
* Issue #3 1977 (quarterly)
* Issue #4 July 1977 (quarterly)
* Issue #5 October 1977 (quarterly)
* Issue #6 January 1978 (bimonthly)
* Issue #7 March 1978 (bimonthly)
* Issue #8 May 1978 (bimonthly)
* Issue #9 July 1978 (bimonthly)
* Issue #10 September 1978 (bimonthly)
* Issue #11 & 12 double issue June 1979 (bimonthly)
* Issue #13 July 1979 (bimonthly)
* Issue #14 September 1979 (bimonthly)
* Issue #15 November 1979 (bimonthly)
* Issue #16 January 1980 (bimonthly)
# GPSolo Magazine

GPSolo Magazine is a legal magazine published bimonthly by the Solo, Small Firm and General Practice Division (GPSolo) of the American Bar Association (ABA). The magazine is based in Chicago, Illinois.

## History and profile

The magazine began its existence under the name The Compleat Lawyer in 1983. GPSolo is devoted to themes of critical importance to lawyers practicing in solo and small firms. Members of the ABA's General Practice, Solo and Small Firm Division receive complimentary subscriptions to GPSolo as one of the benefits of Division membership. Subscriptions are available to nonmembers at a cost of $48 per year or $9.50 per copy.
The popular biannual Technology and Practice Guide features reviews of new technology relevant to the particular needs of general, solo, and small firm lawyers. The magazine also publishes two Best of Sections issues each year featuring top articles from ABA practice group publications.
The remaining issues of the magazine are generally "theme" issues, each concentrating on one general subject area. Areas addressed in recent issues include animal law, the law of leisure, sex and the law, privacy and the law, child welfare, old, big, small, law of learning, internet law, family law, estate planning, risky business, rainmaking, ethics and professionalism, and the care and feeding of clients.
Long-time editor-in-chief Jennifer J. Rose guided the magazine from 1995 until 2007, when Joan Burda assumed the editor-in-chief position. Rose resumed responsibilities as editor-in-chief in August, 2010, retiring in August, 2011. Jeff Allen took over the role of editor-in-chief after Rose left. His regular column, Road Warrior, is still featured in the magazine now. He stayed in this role until August 2019. Cedric Ashley took over the helm as editor-in-chief from August 2019 to August 2021. Since then, Julie T. Houth has been editor-in-chief. She is the youngest appointed editor-in-chief of the magazine and is the first Asian-American woman in this role. Her regular editor’s column, The Legal Angle, is featured in every issue of the magazine since she took over. Formerly published eight times per year, the frequency of GPSolo is bimonthly.
# Game Industry Report Magazine

The Gaming Industry Report Magazine (or GIR Magazine for short) was a subscription-based bimonthly video game trade journal that was published by GNB News Group until 2006.
The Gaming Industry Report Magazine was shut down in 2006. However, it was relaunched as a free online magazine by GNB News Group in January 2006. Then in 2007 JEMS Media Group had plans to relaunch the publication in 2007 as a video game newspaper instead of a magazine.
The Gaming Industry Report is currently being run by Jeremy Meyer who holds the position of publisher and editor in chief.
The magazine covers all aspects of the business of the video game industry in the US, regulation, technology, finance, and journalism. GIR is dedicated to providing the most comprehensive weekly analysis on the business of video games, and offers a forum for industry debate and criticism of the medium.
# Gay Chicago

Gay Chicago is a defunct LGBT online news organization in Chicago, Illinois, which ceased publishing in print form on September 21, 2011.
Gay Chicago replaced Gay Chicago Magazine which was founded in 1976 by Ralph Paul Gernhardt and published under the former Gernhardt Publications. It was a weekly LGBT news and entertainment publication. It started as a pocket-sized publication but in 1988 was enlarged to tabloid format. Gay Chicago News was also published in 1977. Craig Gernhardt holds all the archives of every edition since 1976, including over 200,000 photos of the LGBT community from 1976 to 2001, when digital became the wave of the future. Most of the archived rare photos have never been seen by the public.
Under the leadership of Ralph Paul Gernhardt, the former magazine sponsored the Gay Games and local gay sporting teams. On March 2, 2011, Gay Chicago Magazine reorganized as an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, Gay Chicago Foundation, and transitioned from an entertainment publication to the weekly newsmagazine Gay Chicago. The new publication was no longer published by the company founded by Ralph Paul Gernhardt.
In July 2011 Dane Tidwell took over as managing publisher, handling day-to-day operations. In August 2011 Tidwell purchased 50% shares in Gay Chicago for an undisclosed amount.
In mid-September 2011, Dane Tidwell announced that the magazine would become a biweekly, and on September 29, 2011, Craig Gernhardt announced it had suspended print publication altogether. With the halt of printing of Gay Chicago, the Windy City Times becomes Chicago's only LGBT newsweekly in print form.
Gay Chicago Magazine won several community leadership awards, including being inducted to the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame in 1991.
# Charles E. Sheedy

Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C. (July 1, 1912 – April 17, 1990) was an American priest and theologian of the Congregation of Holy Cross and an administrator at the University of Notre Dame.

## Youth and training

Fr. Sheedy was born on July 1, 1912, to Patrick and Estelle (Brennan) Sheedy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fifth of six children, his birth was preceded by siblings Morgan, Donald, John, and Leo, and followed by Herman. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Notre Dame in 1933, a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1936, and a Licentiate of Sacred Theology in 1945 and a Doctor of Sacred Theology from the Catholic University of America in 1946.

## Professor and Administrator at Notre Dame

Father Sheedy entered the faculty of Notre Dame in 1945. Fr. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C. appointed Fr. Sheedy dean of the University of Notre Dame's College of Arts and Letters in 1951, a post he held until 1969. He was a professor in the Department of Theology (1942–1952 and 1968–1979) and at one time also served as department chair. Stanley Hauerwas reported that another priest described Father Sheedy's administration as "that bit of humanity thrown into the wheels of bureaucracy to bring them to a stop."
As a Christian ethicist, Father Sheedy condemned the use of nuclear weapons, even in the case of defense, in 1957. An advocate for the abolition of the death penalty, Father Sheedy delivered testimony before the Massachusetts legislature to that end in 1964.

## Honors

In 1991, Father Hesburgh commissioned Jerry McKenna to create a sculpture of Father Sheedy that now stands in the Great Hall of O'Shaughnessy Hall on campus.
Since 1970, Notre Dame's College of Arts and Letters annually honors an outstanding faculty member who excels in research and instruction with the Sheedy Excellence in Teaching Award.

## Selected works

* For God and Country jointly authored with Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C. Washington, D.C.: United Service Organizations
* The Christian Virtues: A Book on Moral Theology for College Students and Lay Readers Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1949
* Eucharistic Controversy of the Eleventh Century Against the Background of Pre-Scholastic Theology Abrahams Magazine Service Press Inc., 1947
# Nenè Geraci

Antonino Geraci (Partinico, 2 January 1917 – Partinico, 6 February 2007), better known as Nenè or il vecchio (the old one), was the historical boss of the Mafia in Partinico, in the Metropolitan City of Palermo. Geraci sat on the Sicilian Mafia Commission since the mid-1970s and belonged to the hard line faction allied with the Corleonesi of Totò Riina and Bernardo Provenzano. According to the pentito Tommaso Buscetta, Geraci took care of the fugitive Riina while he stayed in Partinico.
As a member of the Commission, Geraci was implicated in many decisions that involved the killing of prominent Antimafia personalities and various high level law enforcement officials, the so-called Excellent Cadavers. As part of the Maxi Trial in 1987, he was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Through his membership or seat on the Sicilian Mafia Commission or Cupola, Geraci like several of his fellow mafia capos was directly held responsible for the killings of Antimafia judges Cesare Terranova, Rocco Chinnici, Antonino Saetta, Giovanni Falcone, Paolo Borsellino, the communist politician Pio La Torre and Carabinieri captain Emanuele Basile. In 2002, Geraci was sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the murder of Chinnici.
In the 1990s a war of power in Partinico set the Geraci family against the Vitale family, headed by Vito Vitale. The former were loyal to Provenzano, while the Vitale clan were supported by Totò Riina and Leoluca Bagarella.
Geraci was allowed to leave prison in May 2005 because of ill health and to return to his home town. The 88-year-old was blind, had heart problems and was restricted to a wheelchair. He died from a heart failure in his bed on 6 February 2007.
# Parón

Parón, is a 5,600-metre-high (18,373 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. Parón lies in Huascarán National Park, northeast of Pirámide.