OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ramón J. Fernández

Ramón Julio Estevan Fernández y de Castro (April 12, 1878 – November 10, 1964) was a Filipino businessman and politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1923 to 1925 again from 1945 to 1946, He also served as the 4th Mayor of Manila from 1920 to 1923 and as 1st Vice Mayor of Manila from 1901 to 1907.

## Early life and education

Ramon Fernández was born on April 12, 1878 in the then-pueblo of San Miguel in Manila to Isidoro Fernández and Francisca de Castro. He studied at the Ateneo de Manila and then left for England, where he obtained his diploma in electrical engineering.

## Business career

In 1907, he started a shipping company called Fernández Hermanos with his brothers José and Vicente. In the years that followed, the company grew into one of the largest in the Philippines. Fernández also held many top positions in the Philippine business community over the years and was president of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce.
In 1913, Fernández was appointed as manager of the San Miguel Corporation, together with Enrique Brías de Coya. In 1918, after the resignation of Antonio Roxas, Ramón J. Fernández assumed the presidency of the company. In 1939, the management of the company was reorganized along the lines of American corporations, and Fernández was elected president of the board of directors.
On February 26, 1941, Fernández and a group of fellow businessmen headed by Andrés Soriano Sr. formally incorporated Philippine Air Lines, Inc.. Fernández and Soriano acquired the franchise of Philippine Aerial Taxi Company, Inc. and renamed it Philippine Air Lines (PAL). The airline's first flight took place on March 15, 1941, carrying the founders of the airline as its first passengers – Fernández, Soriano, Juan Miguel Elizalde, John R. Schultz and Ernesto Von Kaufmann.

## Political career

In 1901, Fernández was appointed as the first vice mayor of Manila, serving until 1904. In 1920, Fernández was appointed mayor of Manila by American Governor-General Leonard Wood. In July 1923, he resigned after his order to dismiss an American detective for accepting bribes from gambling houses was reversed by Wood. The incident led to the resignation of the Filipino members of Wood's cabinet and subsequently became known as the Cabinet Crisis of 1923.
Later that year, Fernández was elected to the Philippine Senate on behalf of the 4th district. He defeated Juan Sumulong in special elections to succeed Pedro Guevara who had been appointed Resident Commissioner to the United States. In the 1925 regular election, however, he lost to Sumulong. Later, Fernández was again elected to an at-large Senate in 1941. Because the Japanese invaded the Philippines shortly afterwards, he was only able to take office in 1945, following the liberation of the Philippines by the Americans.

## Death

Ramon Fernández died on November 10, 1964 in his hometown San Juan, then in Rizal, at the age of 86.
# Nellie Hutton

Nellie Laura Douglas Hutton (1875–1955) was a New Zealand painter. Her works are held in the Hocken Collections.

## Biography

Hutton was born in Dunedin in 1875, the daughter of artist David Con Hutton and his second wife Helen Bryden (died 1922). David Con Hutton was born in Dundee, Scotland, and arrived in Otago in 1870 and established the Dunedin School of Art, the first such institution in New Zealand. In 1894 this was expanded to the Otago School of Art and Design which Hutton was the principal of until he died in 1910. He was known for his wash drawings and water colours.
Hutton first studied and then taught at the Dunedin School of Art from 1895 to 1920, and continued under King Edward Technical College Board's management from 1920 to 1922. Other members of the Hutton family who taught at the school included David Edward Hutton and Lorne de H. Hutton (died in action in 1918). Hutton's artistic style was regarded as being more related to the style of Italian painter G. P. Nerli, who visited the school, than that of her father.
Misses L. & A. Hutton, listed as Dunedin artists in 1914 Wise's, were probably Nellie Laura Hutton and a sister.
Hutton exhibited with the South Canterbury Art Society, Canterbury Society of Arts and Otago Art Society.
In 1987, Hutton's works were included in a show at the Hocken Library titled Under the Spell: Frances Hodgkins, Nellie Hutton and Grace Joel.
# George Carstairs (rugby league)

George James Carstairs (1900–1966) was an Australian rugby league player who played in the 1920s and represented Australia.

## Career

Born to parents George and Adeline Carstairs on 25 March 1900, George "Bluey" Carstairs went on to become a legendary figure at St. George club. He learned the game of rugby league at Kogarah Marist Brothers, where he attended as a student. He made his first grade début in St George's foundation year in 1921, and went on to play his whole career at the club between 1921 and 1929. He had scored the first try in St. George's first competition match on 3 April 1921, in a game that saw Glebe defeat St. George 4–3. At years end, he was selected to play on the 1921–22 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain, thus making Carstairs St. George's first international player. He is listed on the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 123. He played in the 2nd and 3rd test matches on that tour. This happened to be his last representative appearance, either for Australia or his state. A loyal clubman, George Carstairs was involved in the massive controversy surrounding the Earl Park Riot, a 1928 match involving St George and Balmain that turned into an all in brawl with players and spectators alike. Carstairs retired at the end of the 1929 season.

## War service

George Carstairs served in both world wars. He enlisted in the AIF in January 1917, claiming he was 18 years of age, whilst being only 16. He sailed out with the 1st Battalion/24 Reinforcements on 17 February 1917 to see action in France, and returned to Australia in 1919 at war's end.
He also enlisted in the Australian Army during World War II in 1940, aged 40, and saw action in the Middle East before a war related injury forced his discharge in 1943.
George Carstairs died from complications due to old war injuries at the Concord Repatriation Hospital on 14 October 1966, aged 66.
# Richard McLean Badger

Richard McLean Badger (4 May 1896 – 26 November 1974) was an American professor at Caltech and a chemist who specialized in molecular spectroscopy with X rays and infrared radiation. He made pioneering studies on the modes of vibrations and spectral energies in small molecules. The so called Badger's rule relating force and internuclear distance in diatomic molecules is based on his work from 1933.
Badger was born in Elgin, Illinois to Joseph Stillman who worked at General Electric, and Carrie Mabel Hewitt. Badger spent his early life Brisbane, Australia, where his father developed its tramway network. He was then sent to school at Elgin grammar school and again briefly in Australia. He joined Northwestern University in 1916 but was posted into the US Army 311st Field Station Battalion in World War I and was demobilized in 1919. He then went to California to continue his education at the Throop Institute of Technology which became the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the next year. He studied crystals using X ray diffraction and was influenced by Richard C. Tolman, Roscoe G. Dickinson, Paul S. Epstein, and Arthur A. Noyes. He received a PhD in 1924 and continued to work as a research fellow. Badger and Tolman worked on examining predictions based on Niels Bohr's ideas. In 1928-29 he visited universities in Germany and studied fluorescence with James Franck in Göttingen. He also worked with Reinhard Mecke in Bonn. He became an assistant professor in 1929 and began to examine hydrogen bonds in organic molecules. During World War II he was also involved in problems coming from the Manhattan Project. He worked alongside Linus Pauling working on Navy sponsored research but he did not share Pauling's pacifism and anti-nuclear testing stance.
Badger married Virginia Alice Sherman in 1933 and they had a son and a daughter.
The Badger family home in Brisbane is now heritage-listed.
# Ousmanou Mohamadou

Ousmanou Mohamadou is a Cameroonian professional football striker.

## Club career
### Phnom Penh

In early 2008 the 19-year-old Cameroonian striker was signed by Cambodian side Phnom Penh Crown FC for which he scored 18 goals in 23 appearances and gave 5 assists. It was Phnom Penh's most successful season ever with winning the league and cup title. On 7 September 2009 Mohamadou scored a hattrick in Phnom Penh's stunning 6:3 win over Spark

### Ubon Ratchathani

In 2013 Mohamadou moved to Ubon UMT for which he scored 13 goals and 8 assists in 26 appearances in the 2013 Thai Division 2 League North Eastern Region.

### Australia

Mohamadou currently plays for Australian BOSA FC in the South Australian Amateur Soccer League.
# Lujmani

Lujmani (Aymara lujma a plant of the family Sapotaceae (possibly Pouteria lucuma) -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the lujma", Hispanicized spelling Lucmani) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, La Unión Province, Charcana District, and in the Paucar del Sara Sara Province, San José de Ushua District. It lies southwest of Chhulluni.
# Before I Go

"Before I Go" is a song by Australian singer Guy Sebastian. It was written by Sebastian and Jamie Hartman and released on 2 November 2018 as the lead single from Sebastian's ninth studio album T.R.U.T.H..
The song was the most added song on Australian radio in the week of release.

## Background

In a statement, Sebastian said: "This was the very first song I wrote when I sat down to start this new album and it says so much about what I was feeling at the time. In fact, the vocal is still the demo vocal from the writing session because it just felt honest."

## Reception

Jas H from Amnpify said: "'Before I Go' brings the singer songwriter's vocals and soaring delivery to an emotive and captivating place, setting the tone and anticipation around his forthcoming new music." He added: "The new song is about self belief and taking control of your own destiny and legacy regardless of the limitations people or obstacles in your path may place over you". Universal Publishing Group said, "The powerful anthem runs with soulful and passionate depths, reaching new heights with its catchiness and honesty."

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 2× Platinum | 140,000$^‡$ |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Country | Release date | Format | Label |
| Australia | 2 November 2018 | Digital download, streaming | Sony Music Australia |
# Gonda Van Steen

Gonda Aline Hector Van Steen (born 8 April 1964 in Aalst, Belgium) is a Belgian-American classical scholar and linguist, who specialises in ancient and modern Greek language and literature. Since 2018, she has been Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature, the first woman to hold this position, and Director of the Centre for Hellenic Studies at King's College London. She previously held the Cassas Chair in Greek Studies at the University of Florida, and taught at the University of Arizona and at Cornell University. She has also served as the President of the Modern Greek Studies Association (2012–2014).

## Selected works

* Van Steen, Gonda (2019). Adoption, Memory, and Cold War Greece: Kid pro quo?. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472131587. Translated into Greek as Ζητούνται παιδιά από την Ελλάδα: Υιοθεσίες στην Αμερική του Ψυχρού Πολέμου, Potamos editions, 2021. ISBN 978-9605451738.
* Van Steen, Gonda (2015). Stage of Emergency: Theater and Public Performance under the Greek Military Dictatorship of 1967–1974. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198718321.
* Van Steen, Gonda (2011). Theatre of the Condemned: Classical Tragedy on Greek Prison Islands. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199572885.
* Van Steen, Gonda (2010). Liberating Hellenism from the Ottoman Empire: Comte de Marcellus and the Last of the Classics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230100237.
* Van Steen, Gonda A. H. (2000). Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691009568.
# Andreas Albrecht (chemist)

Andreas Christoph Albrecht (3 June 1927 – 26 September 2002) was an American physical chemist.

## Life

Andreas Christoph Albrecht was born in California and raised in Washington, D.C., Baton Rouge and Vienna. His father was a German anthropologist. He studied chemistry at University of California, Berkeley, where he met Genia Solomon, who would later become his wife. He completed his studies in 1950. The pair moved to Washington state for graduate school. They both earned doctorates in 1954 from the University of Washington, his in chemistry under W. T. Simpson and hers in biochemistry. Subsequently, Andreas and Genia moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to work as postdoctoral researchers. His postdoctoral supervisor was Walter H. Stockmayer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Genia worked at Harvard University.
In 1956 they moved to Ithaca, New York so that he could become an instructor at Cornell University. He was later promoted to Assistant Professor (1957), Associate Professor (1962) and full Professor (1965) of physical chemistry. Genia paused her scientific pursuits to raise four children. In the 1980s she resumed her career and became a Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry at Cornell where she was honored for her teaching contributions.

## Research

Albrecht is most well known for his work on the theory of resonance Raman scattering intensities. He developed two of the main methods for analyzing Raman enhancement patterns. The first of these is the sum-over-states method, developed in the 1960s. After the development of the competing time-dependent wavepacket method by Lee and Heller, Albrecht's group developed the transform theory of resonance Raman enhancement.
Other notable research developments by his group research include thermal lensing spectroscopy, and the concept of local molecular vibrational modes.

## Awards and achievements

Andreas Albrecht had many achievements and belonged to many scientific societies. He also had several visiting professorships. In 1986 he was given the New York Academy of Science Polychrome Corporation Award in Photochemistry, in 1988 the Lippincott-Medal and in 1990 the Earle K. Plyler Prize from the American Physical Society. In 1992 he joined the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. A special issue of The Journal of Physical Chemistry A was dedicated to him after his death.
# Ides

Ides or IDES may refer to:

## Calendar dates

* Ides (calendar), a day in the Roman calendar that fell roughly in the middle of the month
** Ides of March, a day in the Roman calendar that corresponded to March 15

## Music

* "St. Ides Heaven", a song by Elliott Smith, on his self-titled album
* "St. Ides of March", a song by Soledad Brothers (band)
* "The Ides of March", a song by Iron Maiden
* The Ides of March (band), an American rock band

## Other uses

* Intrusion Detection Expert System (IDES), an SRI International software product
* Saint Ides (c. 480 – c. 570), an Irish saint
* St. Ides, a brand of malt liquor
* Initiative for the Development of Soria or IDES, a Spanish political party
* Illinois Department of Employment Security
# Minasniyuq (Castilla)

Minasniyuq (Spanish minas mines, Quechua -ni, -yuq suffixes, "the one with mines", hispanicized spelling Minasnioc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Andagua District. Minasniyuq lies south of Wakapallqa, southwest of Llallawi and southeast of Puma Ranra. It is situated at the Q'illu Q'illu valley (Jellojello).
# Liisa Oviir

Liisa Oviir (born 1 March 1977) is an Estonian lawyer and politician who was Estonia's Minister of Entrepreneurship from 2015 to 2016. Oviir has graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu in 2000.

## Early life

Liisa Oviir is the mother of two sons. She has been divorced from her husband since 2010. Her father is a lawyer and civil servant Mihkel Oviir and her mother is politician Siiri Oviir. Her father's grandfather was pastor Madis Oviir.

## Career

From 1997–1998, Liisa Oviir served as a referent in the Estonian Embassy in London. She worked as a lawyer in Tallink from 1998–2008 and Eesti Energia from 2008–2015.
On 14 September 2015, Oviir became the Minister of Entrepreneurship in Taavi Rõivas' second cabinet. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party.
# Ashley William Joseph

Ashley William Joseph (born on 3 October 1965) is an Indian composer. Joseph serves as the chairman of the William Joseph Music Foundation, and the director and conductor of the Bangalore Musical Association.

## Early life

Ashley William Joseph was born on 3 October 1965 in Bangalore, Karnataka, to Joseph Thomas Williams and Sarah William Joseph. His father was the chief pipe organist at St. Andrew's Church in Bangalore and head of the music department at Baldwin Boys High School, Bangalore; he died of a heart attack while playing the pipe organ at St. Andrew's Church during a service.
Joseph attended Baldwin Boys High School in Bangalore.

## Education and training

Joseph received a scholarship in 1985 to study music in Manila, Philippines, where he specialized in conducting, voice, piano, guitar, organ, and ethnomusicology. He researched the history, origin, and performance of the sitar.
He has performed with the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philippine Madrigal Singers, and the Asian Chorale and was honored with a Doctorate in Music by Trinity Open University. Joseph founded the William Joseph Music Foundation for Performing Arts, which is a registered non-profit organization, that caters to the education, performance, and promotion of dance, music, and drama to underprivileged children and adolescents from India.

## Awards

In 2008, he was honored by the Chief Minister of Karnataka, B. S. Yeddyurappa for his contributions to the field of music and music education. His composition won the first prize on All India Radio.
The YMCA of Singapore and the International Y's Men's Club of Singapore, in a joint project in aid of Thailand flood victims, honored Dr. Ashley Williams for his performance as guest conductor with the Thailand Sanctuary Symphony Orchestra.
He received the Messenger of Peace Award from the International Cultural Development and Exchange group and the ICYE Germany. The decision to confer this award was taken at a conference in Geneva to honor the Global Peace and Harmony Concerts. He received an honorable citation for his contribution and performance in Singapore with the Thailand Sanctuary Symphony Orchestra to raise funds for Thai flood victims. He was also honored for his performance in Ipoh, Malaysia, at a charity concert to raise funds for street children.

## Notable students

Actress Deepika Padukone was trained by Joseph. He told Deepika Padukone's father, Prakash Padukone, that "all she wants to do is sing, act and dance." Miss Earth 2010 Nicole Faria was also a student of Dr. Williams.
# Hasan Basri Durin

Hasan Basri Durin (15 January 1935 – 9 July 2016) was an Indonesian politician. He served as the Governor of West Sumatra for two terms from 1987 to 1997. In 1998, Indonesia President B. J. Habibie appointed Durin to his Development Reform Cabinet as State Minister of Agrarian Affairs.
Durin was born in Nagari Jaho, located in Padang Panjang, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) on 15 January 1935.
Durin served as the Mayor of Padang, the capital of West Sumatra, for two consecutive terms from 1971 until 1983. He was then appointed Governor of West Sumatra for two terms from October 1987 until November 1997.
In 1998, Durin was appointed Minister of Agrarian Affairs within the Development Reform Cabinet of President B. J. Habibie. He served in that post within the Habibie administration from 23 May 1998 to 20 October 1999.
Hasan Basri Durin died at a private hospital in Pancoran, South Jakarta, on 9 July 2016. He had been hospitalized since 21 March 2016. He was survived by his four children and eleven grandchildren.
Durin was buried in Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery in South Jakarta.
# Scooter Shooter

Scooter Shooter is a horizontally scrolling shooter released in arcades by Konami in 1985. One may play against either the computer or another human.

## Legacy

Scooter Shooter was made available by Microsoft for its Game Room service for the Xbox 360 and Games for Windows – Live in July 2010.
# Palette and Chisel Academy of Fine Art

The Palette and Chisel Academy of Fine Art is a 501(c)(3) non-profit association of representational artists, founded in Chicago in 1895 as the Palette and Chisel Club by a group of students from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Palette & Chisel is the second oldest artist organization in the United States.

## Early years

The founding members were principally evening students at the Art Institute of Chicago. Charles J. Mulligan, an assistant to sculptor Lorado Taft, was able to persuade Taft to rent the organization part of his seventh floor studio on Van Buren Street in Chicago.
As the Inland Printer reported in June 1896:
   An association of artists and craftsmen for the purpose of work and study—such is the Palette and Chisel Club of Chicago. The organization is unique in that its members are all wage-workers and busy during the week with pencil, brush or chisel, doing work to please other people. But on Sunday mornings, at 9 o'clock, they assemble in the studio of Lorado Taft, in the Athenaeum Building, and for five hours each amuses himself by working in his chosen medium, to suit himself.
   Two-thirds of the members are students in the "life class" at the Art Institute of Chicago night school, and a desire for opportunity to study from the model in daylight, so that color might be used, led to the organization of the club.
Early supporters of the organization included Charlie Russell and George Bellows. The Palette & Chisel served as the artistic home of James Topping Walter Ufer, and Eugene Savage. In 1921, with the help of founding member Fred Larson, who mortgaged his home for this purpose, the club purchased the mansion at 1012 N. Dearborn Street where it still resides. In 1933, the organization changed its name to the "Palette and Chisel Academy of Fine Art", as it became an educational, not-for-profit institution.
Early members of note included:
* Carl Brandner (1898-1961)
* Benjamin Blessum (1877- 1954)
* Walter Marshall Clute (1870-1915)
* John Carl Doemling (1894-1955)
* Frank Dudley (1868-1957)
* J. Jeffrey Grant (1883-1960)
* Oskar Gross (1871-1963)
* Victor Higgins (1884-1949)
* Frank Holme (?-1904)
* Wilson Irvine (1869-1936)
* Thomas A. O'Shaughnessy (1870-1956)
* Karl Ouren (1882-1943)
* Edgar Alwin Payne (1883–1947)
* Emory Seidel (1881- )
* Joseph Tomanek (1889-1974)
* Walter Ufer (1876-1936)
* Nicola Veronica (1905-1979)

## Recent years

Recent members of note have included: Fred Berger (1931-2006), Charles Vickery (1913-1998), and Richard Schmid. Currently the academy offers over 60 hours of live model workshops per week, and several classes in traditional oil painting, watercolor, figure sculpture, figure drawing, and anatomy.
# Chunkara (Puno)

Chunkara (Aymara for "pointed mountain", Hispanicized spelling Chungara) is a mountain in the Sillapaka mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) high . It is located in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, Paratia District, northeast of Sillapaka.