OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Environment (magazine)

Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, commonly referred to as Environment magazine, is published bi-monthly in Philadelphia by Taylor & Francis. Environment is a hybrid, peer-reviewed, popular environmental science publication and website, aimed at a broad, "smart, but uninitiated" population. Its Executive Editors are Susan L. Cutter (University of South Carolina), Ralph Hamann, Myanna Lahsen, Alan H. McGowan (The New School), Tim O'Riordan (University of East Anglia), and Linxiu Zhang.

## History

Environment was founded in the late 1950s as Nuclear Information, a mimeographed newsletter published by Barry Commoner at the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, at Washington University, in St. Louis, Missouri. It was renamed Scientist and Citizen from 1964-1968. From 1973 it was published by the Scientist's Institute for Public Information (SIPI) chaired by Margaret Mead, and later by a small commercial publisher.
Its full title, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development helps to distinguish it from other journals including Environments published by MDPI and The Environment published by the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM).

## Academic recognition

The journal has a Scopus citescore index of 0.89 in 2016, giving it a ranking of 99th out of 183 journals listed in the category 'Water Science and Technology' and 76/128 in 'Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment'. These are relatively low because Scopus counts citations of articles in the journal in academic literature over the previous three years, and this journal is not a fully academic publication. Also, it is not available Open Access.
In the Web of Science, a more selective citation index also based on the previous three years citations, it has a score of 1.852 for 2016, placing it 46/105 in the category 'environmental studies' and 112/229 in 'Environmental Science'.
Highly cited articles per year include:
* Nisbet, M.C. 2009. Communicating Climate Change Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement. ENVIRONMENT 51(2): 12-23.
* Gardner, G.T. and Stern, P.C.2008. The short list - The most effective actions US households can take to curb climate change. ENVIRONMENT 50(5): 12-24.
* Dunlap, R.E. and McCright, A.M. 2008. A widening gap - Republican and Democratic views on climate change. ENVIRONMENT50(5): 26-35.
# List of medical abbreviations: Latin abbreviations

The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
| Abbrev. | Meaning | Latin (or Neo-Latin) origin |
| a.c. | before meals |
| a.d., ad, AD | right ear | auris dextra |
| a.m., am, AM | morning | ante meridiem |
| nocte | every night | Omne Nocte |
| a.s., as, AS | left ear | auris sinistra |
| a.u., au, AU | both ears together or each ear | aures unitas or auris uterque |
| b.d.s, bds, BDS | 2 times a day | bis die sumendum |
| b.i.d., bid, BID | twice a day / twice daily | bis in die |
| gtt., gtts | drop(s) | gutta(e) |
| h., h | hour | hora |
| qhs, h.s., hs | at bedtime or half strength | quaque hora somni |
| ii | two tablets | duos doses |
| iii | three tablets | trēs doses |
| n.p.o., npo, NPO | nothing by mouth / not by oral administration | nil per os |
| o.d., od, OD | right eye once a day (United Kingdom) | oculus dexter omne in die |
| o.s., os, OS | left eye | oculus sinister |
| o.u., ou, OU | both eyes | oculus uterque |
| p.c. | after food | post cibum |
| p.m., pm, PM | afternoon or evening | post meridiem |
| p.o., po, PO | by mouth / oral administration | per os / nonstandard form per orem |
| p.r., pr, PR | rectally / rectal administration | per rectum |
| p.r.n., prn, PRN | as needed | pro re nata |
| q. | every | quaque |
| q.1.h., q1h | every hour | quaque hora |
| q.2.h., q2h | every 2 hours | quaque secunda hora |
| q.4.h., q4h | every 4 hours | quaque quarta hora |
| q.6.h., q6h | every 6 hours | quaque sexta hora |
| q.8.h., q8h | every 8 hours | quaque octava hora |
| q.a.m., qAM, qam | every morning | quaque ante meridiem |
| q.d., qd | every day / daily | quaque die |
| q.h.s., qhs | every night at bedtime | quaque hora somni |
| q.d.s, qds, QDS | 4 times a day | quater die sumendum |
| q.i.d, qid | 4 times a day | quater in die |
| q.h., qh | every hour, hourly | quaque hora |
| q.o.d., qod | every other day / alternate days | quaque altera die |
| q.p.m., qPM, qpm | every afternoon or evening | quaque post meridiem |
| q.s., qs | a sufficient quantity (enough) | quantum sufficiat |
| q.wk. also qw | weekly (once a week) | quaque week |
| Rx, R$_x$, ℞ | prescription | recipe |
| Sig., S. | directions | signa |
| Stat. | immediately, with no delay, now | statim |
| t.i.d., tid, TID | 3 times a day | ter in die |
| t.d.s., tds, TDS | take by mouth 3 times a day | ter die sumendus |
| u.d., ud | as directed | ut dictum |
# Paul Lazar

Paul Lazar is an American actor and theatre director. He co-founded Brooklyn's Big Dance Theater with his wife Annie-B Parson and Molly Hickok. Lazar is also known for appearing in The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and collaborating with Bong Joon-ho on The Host (2006) and Snowpiercer (2013).

## Life and career

Lazar began activity in the theater in New York during the 1980s as a member of the Irondale Ensemble Project. He met his future wife Annie-B Parson around 1983, and has worked on numerous productions with her since. In 1991, they co-founded the troupe Big Dance Theater in Brooklyn with Molly Hickok. They have also had a son together. As of 2015, he teaches acting at Rutgers University.
Lazar has also appeared in several films including Married to the Mob (1988), The Silence of the Lambs (1991), and collaborating with Bong Joon-ho on The Host (2006) and Snowpiercer (2013).

## Selected filmography

* Streamers (1983)
* Married to the Mob (1988)
* Miami Vice (TV 1988) [1 episode; "Hostile Takeover"]
* The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
* The Debt (1993)
* Philadelphia (1993)
* Trapped in Paradise (1994)
* Buffalo Girls (TV 1995)
* The Stars Fell on Henrietta (1995)
* Lulu on the Bridge (1998)
* Beloved (1998)
* Mickey Blue Eyes (1999)
* Sex and the City (TV 2002) [1 episode; "Luck Be an Old Lady"]
* The Manchurian Candidate (2004)
* The Host (2006)
* Anamorph (2007)
* Snowpiercer (2013)
# Cryptolithodes sitchensis

Cryptolithodes sitchensis, known as the umbrella crab and the turtle crab, is a species of king crab native to coastal regions of the northeastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Sitka, Alaska to Point Loma, California. Its carapace extends over its legs such that when it pulls in its legs, it resembles a small stone. It lives in rocky areas from the low intertidal to depths of 37 m (121 ft).

## Description

Cryptolithodes sitchensis' carapace is ovate, nearly smooth, and extends over all of its three pairs of walking legs and two chelipeds. It is generally about 5⁄3 as wide as it is long and can be over 5 cm (2.0 in) wide at the adult stage. It ranges from neutral sandy colors to bright oranges, reds, and purples. In adults, the first abdominal segment is fused with the second. The third, fourth, and fifth segments are each composed of one median (inner) plate and a pair of lateral (outer) plates, although the third segment has accessory plates in two small regions on the left and right surrounded by the second segment, third median plate, and third lateral plates. Males have an equal number of these plates on both sides, but females often have more accessory plates to the left of the median.

## Taxonomy

Cryptolithodes sitchensis was described by naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt in 1853 from a specimen found near Sitka, Alaska. It is one of the three species of Cryptolithodes, along with C. typicus and C. expansus.
# 1912 International Cross Country Championships

The 1912 International Cross Country Championships was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, at the Saughton Public Park on 30 March 1912. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.
Complete results, medallists, and the results of British athletes were published.

## Medallists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Individual |||||||
| Men 10 mi (16.1 km) | Jean Bouin France | 51:46 | William Scott England | 52:19 | Frederick Hibbins England | 52:34 |
| Team |||||||
| Men | England | 41 | Scotland | 88 | Ireland | 110 |

## Individual Race Results
### Men's (10 mi / 16.1 km)

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Jean Bouin | France | 51:46 |
| | William Scott | England | 52:19 |
| | Frederick Hibbins | England | 52:34 |
| 4 | George Wallach | Scotland | 52:51 |
| 5 | Puck O'Neill | Ireland | 53:07 |
| 6 | Jacques Keyser | France | 53:12 |
| 7 | Ernest Glover | England | 53:14 |
| 8 | W.J. Tucker | England | 53:20 |
| 9 | James Murphy | Ireland | 53:26 |
| 10 | Fred Neaves | England | 53:32 |
| 11 | Christopher Vose | England | 53:45 |
| 12 | James Hughes | Ireland | 53:57 |
| 13 | J.D. Hughes | Scotland | 54:01 |
| 14 | G.R. Stephen | Scotland | 54:05 |
| 15 | Harry Hughes | Scotland | 54:10 |
| 16 | Edgar Davies | Wales | 54:11 |
| 17 | Ernest Paul | Wales | 54:25 |
| 18 | Jack Miles | Wales | 54:26 |
| 19 | Charles Ruffell | England | 54:27 |
| 20 | Tom Jack | Scotland | 54:28 |
| 21 | Gaston Heuet | France | 54:34 |
| 22 | George MacKenzie | Scotland | 54:40 |
| 23 | H. Holbrook | England | 54:44 |
| 24 | Gustave Lauvaux | France | 54:49 |
| 25 | Alexander Loch | Scotland | 55:15 |
| 26 | J.J Mooney | Ireland | 55:30 |
| 27 | F. Guthrie | Ireland | 55:40 |
| 28 | Angus Kerr | Scotland | 55:43 |
| 29 | Jack Meyrick | Wales | 56:02 |
| 30 | Lucien Fremont | France | 56:10 |
| 31 | Jack J. Martin | Ireland | 56:18 |
| 32 | W. Taylor | Wales | 56:21 |
| 33 | Bob Kerr | Ireland | 56:40 |
| 34 | Will Herring | Wales | 56:45 |
| 35 | Sydney Greenway | England | 56:51 |
| 36 | P.J. Clarke | Ireland | 56:55 |
| 37 | Louis Pauteix | France | 56:56 |
| 39 | W. Millard | Wales | 57:35 |
| 40 | P.J. McGuinness | Ireland | 58:30 |
| 41 | Jean-Marie-Joseph Roche | France | 59:42 |
| — | Georges Dumonteuil | France | DNF |
| — | Pierre Lalaimode | France | DNF |
| — | Sam Watt | Scotland | DNF |
| — | Sid Wilson | Wales | DNF |

## Team Results
### Men's

| Rank | Country | Team | Points |
| 1 | England | William Scott Frederick Hibbins Ernest Glover W.J. Tucker Fred Neaves Christopher Vose | 41 |
| 2 | Scotland | George Wallach J.D. Hughes G.R. Stephen Harry Hughes Tom Jack George MacKenzie | 88 |
| 3 | Ireland | Puck O'Neill James Murphy James Hughes J.J Mooney F. Guthrie Jack J. Martin | 110 |
| 4 | France | Jean Bouin Jacques Keyser Gaston Heuet Gustave Lauvaux Lucien Fremont Louis Pauteix | 119 |
| 5 | Wales | Edgar Davies Ernest Paul Jack Miles Jack Meyrick W. Taylor Will Herring | 146 |

## Participation

An unofficial count yields the participation of 44 athletes from 5 countries.
* England (9)
* France (9)
* Ireland (9)
* Scotland (9)
* Wales (8)
# Henry Curgenven

Henry Grafton Curgenven (22 December 1875 – 14 February 1959) was an English cricketer. He played for Derbyshire in 1896 and 1897, and for Cambridge University in 1897.
Curgenven was born at Friar Gate Derby, the son of William Curgenven who was a doctor and former Derbyshire cricketer, and his wife Pamela Harman. He was educated at Repton School and Clare College, Cambridge, and became a farmer.
Curgenven debuted for Derbyshire in the 1896 season in a draw against Essex and played a total of five matches for the club that year. In the 1897 season he played four matches for Derbyshire and also two matches for Cambridge University against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).
Curvengen was a right-hand batsman and played 14 innings in 11 first-class matches with an average of 9.61 and a top score of 26. He was a right arm fast-medium bowler and took seven first-class wickets at an average of 31.85 and with a best performance of 2 for 9.
In 1913 Curgenven played a couple of matches in British Columbia, Canada against an Australian team.
Curgenven died at Bryncethin, Bridgend, Glamorgan. As well as his father, his brother Gilbert also played first-class cricket for Derbyshire.
# Collace

Collace (/kəˈleɪs/) is a parish in Perthshire, Scotland, 8 miles (13 kilometres) northeast of Perth, in Strathmore. The parish boundary includes the neighbouring villages of Kinrossie and Saucher.
The traditional industries of the area are farming, quarrying (sandstone) and weaving, but the latter is now gone.
Dunsinane Hill, mentioned in the Shakespeare play Macbeth, is located near Collace. King's Seat, a low hill east of the village, is marked romantically on older maps as "Macbeth's Castle".
Bandirran Stone Circle stands just south of the village.

## Buildings

The current Collace parish church building dates from 1812 to 1813 and is on the site of an earlier church dedicated in 1242. Four stained glass windows from 1919 depict scenes from the life of Christ. In the graveyard are important 17th- and 18th-century gravestones, a rare medieval Discoid stone and a conserved mort-house. Next to the church are the remains of a medieval building with a Romanesque arch which was used as the mausoleum for the Nairne family. The chief mansion house is Dunsinnan House, former seat of the extinct Nairne of Dunsinnan baronetcy. An example of a 19th-century morthouse is located in the churchyard.

## Notable residents

* William Nairne, Lord Dunsinane (1731-1811) lived in Dunsinnan House
* John MacKay Bernard FRSE (1857-1918) brewer, philanthropist and meteorologist lived in Dunsinnan House and is buried in Collace churchyard.
# Asan Invasion Beach

The Asan Invasion Beach is a historic site in the village of Asan, Guam. The beaches of Asan were one of the landing sites of American forces in the 1944 Battle of Guam, in which the island was retaken from occupying Japanese forces. The designated historic site includes the beaches extending between Asan Point and Adelup Point and extends inland roughly to Guam Highway 1. It also includes the water area extending from the beach to the reef, about 100 metres (330 ft) out, an area that includes at least one abandoned Allied landing vehicle.
The beaches, fortifications, and water out to the reef were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Portions of them are part of the Asan Beach Unit of the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, which includes a public access point at Asan Point. Just east of this is Memorial Beach Park, a municipal beachfront park that was listed on the National Register in 1974.

## Conservation

In 2024, the National Park Service began a project in the Asan Beach Unit to create a refuge for Guam's imperiled native birds, by recruiting volunteers to remove invasive brown tree snakes from the park. The site is an ideal area for snake exclusion since it is surrounded by ocean and highway.
# Russian destroyer Lovky

Lovky (Russian: Ловкий) was a Leytenant Burakov-class destroyer built for the Imperial Russian Navy in France during the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1906, she served in the Baltic Fleet and participated in the First World War.
# Mangalam Nerunnu

Mangalam Nerunnu is a 1984 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Mohan. The film stars Nedumudi Venu, Madhavi, Shanthikrishna and Sreenath. The film has musical score and songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

## Cast

* Nedumudi Venu as Menon
* P. K. Abraham
* Premji as Nanu Nair
* Sreenath as Madhu
* Madhavi as Rajini
* Shanthikrishna as Usha
* Mammootty as Babu
* Philomina as Meenakshiyamma
* K. P. A. C. Sunny as Madhu's father
* Prathapachandran
* Baby Shalini as Younger Usha (Cameo)
* P. K. Abraham
* Thilakan as Kurup
* Meenakumari
* Jose Prakash

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the lyrics were written by M. D. Rajendran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Alliyilam Poovo" | Krishnachandran | M. D. Rajendran | 4:42 |
| 2 | "Rithubhedakalppana" | K. J. Yesudas, Kalyani Menon | M. D. Rajendran | 4:10 |
# Bharat Bopana

Bharath Bopanna (born 7 September 1992) is an Indian actor, who predominately works in Kannada films and television apart from some Tamil and Malayalam films.

## Career

In 2016, Bharat made his television debut as a lead playing character "Rajavardhana", socio-mythological Kannada serial Girija kalyana directed by Naveen Krishna and produced by Arka Media Works the filmmakers of Baahubali: The Beginning and Baahubali 2: The Conclusion. He became very popular for playing the lead role "Lucky" as a Kabaddi champion in a popular tv show Bramhagantu. He contested in a celebrity dance reality show named "Dance Karnataka Dance" telecasted in Zee Kannada.
In 2020, He made his debut in Kannada cinema through Demo Piece. produced by Sparsha Rekha. In 2022, he played the role of Anand Sankeshwar, who is the son of legendary Vijay Sankeshwar, in the biopic Vijayanand.
He played the antagonist in the Tamil film Mission: Chapter 1 (2024) and the Malayalam film Bromance (2025).

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
* All the films are in Kannada language, unless otherwise noted.
| Year | Title | Role | Language |
| 2020 | Demo Piece | Harsha | Kannada |
| 2022 | Vijayanand | Anand Sankeshwar | Kannada |
| 2024 | Mission: Chapter 1 | Omar Quadri | Tamil |
| 2025 | Bromance | Ashish Bopanna | Malayalam |

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Channel |
| 2016 | Girija Kalyana | Rajavardhana | Colors Super |
| 2017–2021 | Brahmagantu | Lucky | Zee Kannada |
# Cold War (video game)

Cold War is a 2005 stealth video game developed by the Czech developer Mindware Studios, and published by DreamCatcher Games (Runesoft for Mac OS X and Linux Game Publishing for Linux). The game is similar to the Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell series of games in that it uses a stealth-action system of gameplay. The game distinguishes itself by adding an item invention system where the player can use seemingly useless objects to create new tools and weapons. Also, the story of the game centers on a civilian reporter, so no extremely acrobatic moves are available to the player. Another aspect of the game is that the player can take many different approaches to winning the game.

## Plot

Cold War takes place in 1986 and follows the story of a freelance journalist named Matthew Carter who finds himself in the midst of an international conspiracy that aims to control the Soviet Union. Twelve hours after arriving in Moscow in hopes of gathering material for a Pulitzer Prize winning story, he finds himself thrown into the KGB's political prison and framed for an attempted murder of the president. The reason for this was unknown, however, an unidentified female agent replaced his original camera with a prototype X-ray camera. Carter noticed this unknown device and decided to capture a fire extinguisher for testing, but the chemicals in the flash powder caused the object to explode, making him visible to the guards.
Inside the prison, he met a former Soviet agent whom he agreed to accompany. The two escaped by using a shaft to go to the outer areas of the prison.
Using only recovered weapons and improvised gadgets, he must now evade or overcome elite Soviet forces and defeat the conspiracy before he is sent to a Siberian prison camp or killed.

## Development

The Xbox version of the game went gold on September 15, 2005.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | PC | Xbox |
| Metacritic | 64/100 | 60/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | PC | Xbox |
| Game Informer | 6/10 | 6/10 |
| GameSpot | 6.5/10 | 6.5/10 |
| GameSpy | | N/A |
| IGN | 5.8/10 | 5.8/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | N/A | 4.5/10 |
| PALGN | 4/10 | N/A |
| PC Gamer (US) | 74% | N/A |
| TeamXbox | N/A | 5.3/10 |
| VideoGamer.com | 5/10 | 5/10 |
| X-Play | N/A | |
The PC and Xbox versions received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
The Linux version received more positive reviews, with Phoronix stating the game was "truly phenomenal" and that it's "one of the best single-player shooters we have ever played on Linux." LinuxGames awarded it 8.5 out of 10, commenting that the game was "the most enjoyable Linux gaming experience of 2006 so far."
# Imam Ali Mosque (Järfälla)

The Imam Ali Mosque (Swedish: Imam Ali moské), is a large Shia Muslim mosque in the country located in Järfälla Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden.
In May 2017, there was an arson attack against the building, a fire caused major damage to the facade and roof of a mosque. The attacker is believed to be an ISIS sympathiser or a far-right activist.
# Macdonald High School

Macdonald High School (also known as Mac) is an English-language public high school in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. It has about 1,000 students and is administered by the Lester B. Pearson School Board.

## History

The school's building was completed in 1906 as the Protestant Day School of Ste. Anne de Bellevue. It was a model observation and practice school for the newly built Macdonald Campus School for Teachers. All four teachers and all but four of the 99 initial students were boarders, living at the school.
# Ibrahima Sory Bangoura (footballer, born 2004)

Ibrahima Sory Bangoura (born 5 January 2004) is a Guinean professional footballer who plays for Genk.

## Club career

In May 2022, Bangoura signed a four-your deal with Genk. He made his league debut on 24 April 2024 against Union Saint-Gilloise.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 8 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong Genk | 2022–23 | Challenger Pro League | 22 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 0 |
| Jong Genk | 2023–24 | Challenger Pro League | 25 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 2 |
| Jong Genk | Total | Total | 47 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 47 | 2 |
| Genk | 2023–24 | Belgian Pro League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Genk | 2024–25 | Belgian Pro League | 24 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 0 |
| Genk | Total | Total | 27 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 74 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 2 |