# Clay County, Minnesota

Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,318. Its county seat is Moorhead. Clay County is part of the Fargo, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Clay County was established in 1860 as Breckinridge County, and named for John C. Breckinridge, vice president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. After the Civil War began, Breckinridge joined the Confederate Army and in March 1862 the state Legislature replaced the name of Breckinridge with that of Henry Clay (1777–1852), who like Breckinridge was from Lexington, Ky., and was known "The Great Pacificator" or "The Great Compromiser" who helped head off civil war at least twice. The county's government was not organized until 1872, after the Northern Pacific Railway reached the area and settlement accelerated.

## Geography

Clay County lies on the western side of Minnesota. Its western boundary line abuts the eastern boundary line of the state of North Dakota (across the Red River). The Red River flows northward along the western boundary line of the county, on its way to the Hudson Bay in Canada. The Buffalo River flows west-northwesterly through the center of the county, joined by the South Branch Buffalo River west of Glyndon, before discharging into the Red on the county's western border near Georgetown. The terrain consists of rolling hills, dotted with lakes and ponds in its eastern portion. The terrain slopes to the west and north, with its highest point near the southeastern corner, at 1,430 ft (440 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 1,053 square miles (2,730 km$^2$), of which 1,045 square miles (2,710 km$^2$) are land and 7.3 square miles (19 km$^2$) (0.7%) are covered by water.

### Major highways

* I-94
* US 10
* US 52
* US 75
* MN 9
* MN 32
* MN 34
* MN 336

### Transit

* MATBUS

### Adjacent counties

* Norman County - north
* Becker County - east
* Otter Tail County - southeast
* Wilkin County - south
* Richland County, North Dakota - southwest
* Cass County, North Dakota - west

### Protected areas

* Aspen State Wildlife Management Area
* Bjornson State Wildlife Management Area
* Bluestone Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
* Clay County State Wildlife Management Area
* Cromwell State Wildlife Management Area
* Felton Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
* Goose Prairie State Wildlife Management Area
* Gruhl State Wildlife Management Area
* Hawley State Wildlife Management Area
* Hay Creek State Wildlife Management Area
* Highland State Wildlife Management Area
* Hitterdal State Wildlife Management Area
* Jeral State Wildlife Management Area
* Magnusson State Wildlife Management Area
* Skree State Wildlife Management Area
* Ulen State Wildlife Management Area
* Ulen Wildlife Refuge

## Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Moorhead have ranged from a low of 0 °F (−18 °C) in January to a high of 82 °F (28 °C) in July, although a record low of −48 °F (−44 °C) was recorded in January 1887 and a record high of 114 °F (46 °C) was recorded in July 1936, the latter also the highest recorded temperature in the history of Minnesota. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 0.64 inches (16 mm) in February to 3.90 inches (99 mm) in June.

## Demographics
### 2020 Census

Clay County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 54,424 | 83.32% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 3,141 | 4.8% |
| Native American (NH) | 1,032 | 1.6% |
| Asian (NH) | 764 | 1.2% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 16 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 2,930 | 4.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 3,011 | 4.61% |

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 51,229 people, 18,670 households, and 12,340 families in the county. The population density was 49.0 per square mile (18.9/km$^2$). There were 19,746 housing units at an average density of 18.9 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 93.99% White, 0.52% Black or African American, 1.44% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. 3.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 40.4% were of Norwegian and 26.8% German ancestry.
There were 18,670 households, out of which 33.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.90% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.90% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.
The county population contained 25.00% under the age of 18, 17.10% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 19.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $37,889, and the median income for a family was $49,192. Males had a median income of $34,176 versus $23,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,557. About 7.40% of families and 13.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.30% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and politics

In national elections, Clay County has been a Democrat-leaning swing county for several decades. From 1992 to 2020, it voted for the winner of the presidential election. Since 1928, the only years in which Clay did not go for the election winner were 1960, 1968, 1988 and 2024. The presence of college town Moorhead and proximity to Fargo, North Dakota makes the county more liberal than others in western Minnesota.
United States presidential election results for Clay County, Minnesota :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 15,965 | 48.56% | 16,121 | 49.04% | 788 | 2.40% |
| 2020 | 15,043 | 46.66% | 16,357 | 50.74% | 839 | 2.60% |
| 2016 | 13,543 | 46.07% | 12,971 | 44.12% | 2,884 | 9.81% |
| 2012 | 12,920 | 44.73% | 15,208 | 52.65% | 758 | 2.62% |
| 2008 | 11,978 | 40.94% | 16,666 | 56.96% | 615 | 2.10% |
| 2004 | 14,365 | 51.79% | 12,989 | 46.83% | 383 | 1.38% |
| 2000 | 11,712 | 50.14% | 10,128 | 43.36% | 1,518 | 6.50% |
| 1996 | 8,764 | 41.11% | 10,476 | 49.14% | 2,079 | 9.75% |
| 1992 | 9,666 | 41.17% | 9,845 | 41.93% | 3,967 | 16.90% |
| 1988 | 10,380 | 47.82% | 11,186 | 51.54% | 139 | 0.64% |
| 1984 | 11,565 | 52.62% | 10,294 | 46.84% | 119 | 0.54% |
| 1980 | 10,447 | 46.41% | 8,940 | 39.72% | 3,121 | 13.87% |
| 1976 | 10,317 | 47.53% | 10,876 | 50.10% | 515 | 2.37% |
| 1972 | 11,089 | 54.36% | 9,076 | 44.49% | 235 | 1.15% |
| 1968 | 7,910 | 47.77% | 7,987 | 48.23% | 663 | 4.00% |
| 1964 | 6,085 | 37.37% | 10,161 | 62.39% | 39 | 0.24% |
| 1960 | 8,278 | 53.26% | 7,241 | 46.58% | 25 | 0.16% |
| 1956 | 6,783 | 52.77% | 6,057 | 47.12% | 15 | 0.12% |
| 1952 | 7,178 | 58.67% | 5,036 | 41.16% | 20 | 0.16% |
| 1948 | 4,302 | 38.60% | 6,624 | 59.43% | 219 | 1.97% |
| 1944 | 4,392 | 45.40% | 5,230 | 54.06% | 52 | 0.54% |
| 1940 | 4,450 | 41.23% | 6,295 | 58.32% | 48 | 0.44% |
| 1936 | 2,880 | 29.93% | 6,282 | 65.29% | 459 | 4.77% |
| 1932 | 2,556 | 29.16% | 5,938 | 67.75% | 270 | 3.08% |
| 1928 | 5,057 | 61.13% | 3,128 | 37.81% | 87 | 1.05% |
| 1924 | 3,081 | 44.55% | 439 | 6.35% | 3,396 | 49.10% |
| 1920 | 4,943 | 73.00% | 1,335 | 19.72% | 493 | 7.28% |
| 1916 | 1,549 | 44.79% | 1,716 | 49.62% | 193 | 5.58% |
| 1912 | 549 | 17.99% | 942 | 30.87% | 1,561 | 51.15% |
| 1908 | 1,857 | 58.69% | 1,125 | 35.56% | 182 | 5.75% |
| 1904 | 2,185 | 78.15% | 388 | 13.88% | 223 | 7.98% |
| 1900 | 1,903 | 59.45% | 1,165 | 36.39% | 133 | 4.15% |
| 1896 | 1,594 | 44.38% | 1,908 | 53.12% | 90 | 2.51% |
| 1892 | 959 | 40.19% | 594 | 24.90% | 833 | 34.91% |
County Board of Commissioners :
| Position | Name | District | Term Ending |
| Commissioner | Paul Krabbenhoft | District 1 | 2024 |
| Commissioner | Frank Gross | District 2 | 2024 |
| Commissioner | Jenny Mongeau | District 3 | 2026 |
| Commissioner | Kevin Campbell | District 4 | 2026 |
| Commissioner | David Ebinger | District 5 | 2024 |
State Legislature (2023–2025) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| Senate | Rob Kupec | DFL | District 4 |
| House of Representatives | Heather Keeler | DFL | District 4A |
| House of Representatives | Jim Joy | Republican | District 4B |
U.S Congress (2023–2025) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| House of Representatives | Michelle Fischbach | Republican | 7th |
| Senate | Amy Klobuchar | DFL | N/A |
| Senate | Tina Smith | DFL | N/A |

## Communities
### Cities

* Barnesville
* Comstock
* Dilworth
* Felton
* Georgetown
* Glyndon
* Hawley
* Hitterdal
* Moorhead (county seat)
* Sabin
* Ulen

### Census-designated places

* Baker
* Oakport (part of Moorhead since 2015)

### Unincorporated communities

* Averill
* Dale
* Downer
* Kragnes
* Manitoba Junction
* Muskoda
* Rollag
* Rustad
* Tansem
* Winnipeg Junction

### Townships

* Alliance Township
* Barnesville Township
* Cromwell Township
* Eglon Township
* Elkton Township
* Elmwood Township
* Felton Township
* Flowing Township
* Georgetown Township
* Glyndon Township
* Goose Prairie Township
* Hagen Township
* Hawley Township
* Highland Grove Township
* Holy Cross Township
* Humboldt Township
* Keene Township
* Kragnes Township
* Kurtz Township
* Moland Township
* Moorhead Township
* Morken Township
* Oakport Township
* Parke Township
* Riverton Township
* Skree Township
* Spring Prairie Township
* Tansem Township
* Ulen Township
* Viding Township