# Dance crazes

Novelty and fad dances are dances which are typically characterized by a short burst of popularity. Some of them, like the Twist, Y.M.C.A. and the Hokey Pokey, have shown much longer-lasting lives. They are also called dance fads or dance crazes.

## Fad dances

As the pop music market exploded in the late 1950s, dance fads were commercialized and exploited. From the 1950s to the 1970s, new dance fads appeared almost every week. Many were popularized (or commercialized) versions of new styles or steps created by African-American dancers who frequented the clubs and discothèques in major U.S. cities like New York, Philadelphia and Detroit. Among these were the Madison, "The Swim", the "Mashed Potato", "The Twist", "The Frug" (pronounced /frʊɡ/), "The Watusi", "The Shake" and "The Hitch hike". Many 1950s and 1960s dance crazes had animal names, including "The Chicken" (not to be confused with the Chicken Dance), "The Pony" and "The Dog".
In 1965, Latin group Cannibal and the Headhunters had a hit with the 1962 Chris Kenner song "Land of a Thousand Dances" which included the names of such dances. One list of Fad Dances compiled in 1971 named over ninety dances. Standardized versions of dance moves were published in dance and teen magazines, often choreographed to popular songs. Songs such as "The Loco-Motion" were specifically written with the intention of creating a new dance and many more pop hits, such as "Mashed Potato Time" by Dee Dee Sharp, were written to cash in recent successful novelties.
In the early 1970s, disco spawned a succession of dance fads including the Bump, the Hustle, and the Y.M.C.A. This continued in the 1980s with the popular song "Walk like an Egyptian" in the 1990s with the "Macarena", in the 2000s with "The Ketchup Song" and in the 2010s with "Gangnam Style". Contemporary sources for dance crazes include music videos and movies.
There are fad dances which are meant to be danced individually as solo, others are partner dances, and yet others are danced in groups. Some of them were of freestyle type, i.e., there were no particular step patterns and they were distinguished by the style of the dance movement (Twist, Shake, Swim, Pony, Hitch hike). Only some have remained to the modern day-era, sometimes only as the name of a step (Suzie Q, Shimmy) or of a style (Mashed Potato) in a recognized dance. Fad dances are in fashion at the time of their popularity. They come to be associated with a specific time period, and can evoke particular forms of nostalgia when revived.

## Notable novelty and fad dances
### Pre-1950s

| Year | Dance |
| 1909 | The Grizzly Bear |
| 1926 | Charleston |
| 1930s | Duckwalk |
| 1933 | Carioca |
| 1936 | Suzie Q |
| 1937 | The Lambeth Walk |
| 1940 | Thunder Clap |
| 1941 | Conga |
| mid-1940s | Hokey Pokey |

### 1950s

| Year | Dance |
| 1950s | The Chicken |
| 1952 | Bunny Hop |
| 1957 | Sock Hop |
| 1958 | Madison |
| 1958 | The Stroll |
| 1959 | Hully Gully |

### 1960s

| Year | Dance |
| 1960 | Shimmy |
| 1960 | Twist |
| 1961 | The Chicken Walk |
| 1961 | The Pony |
| 1962 | The Loco-Motion |
| 1962 | Martian Hop |
| 1962 | Mashed Potato |
| 1962 | The Monster Mash |
| 1962 | The Swim |
| 1962 | Watusi |
| 1962 | Popeye Dance |
| 1963 | Chicken Dance |
| 1963 | Hitch Hike |
| 1963 | Monkey |
| 1963-1965 | Letkajenkka (aka Letkajenka, Letkiss, Letka-Enka) |
| 1964 | The Frug |
| 1964 | Jerk |
| 1965 | The Freddie |
| 1965 | The Mouse |
| 1965 | Limbo |
| 1966 | Batusi |
| 1966 | The Shake |

### 1970s

| Year | Dance |
| 1970s | Sprinkler |
| 1971 | Penguin |
| 1972 | Hustle |
| 1973 | Time Warp |
| 1975 | Bump |
| 1975 | Tragedy |
| mid-1970s | Grinding |
| 1976 | Car Wash |
| 1976 | Electric Slide |
| 1976 | Robot |
| 1977 | The Running Man |
| 1978 | Y.M.C.A. |

### 1980s

| Year | Dance |
| 1980s | Moonwalk |
| 1980 | Cotton-Eyed Joe |
| 1981 | Harlem Shake |
| 1981 | Agadoo (aka Agadou) |
| 1981 | Superman (aka Gioca Jouer) |
| 1982 | The Safety |
| 1983 | Thriller |
| 1986 | The Hunch |
| 1986 | Wig Wam Bam |
| 1987 | Cabbage Patch |
| 1988 | Da Butt |
| 1989 | Lambada |

### 1990s

| Years | Dance |
| 1990s | Carlton dance (Alfonso Riberio) |
| 1990 | Hammertime (MC Hammer) |
| 1990 | The Humpty Dance (Digital Underground) |
| 1990 | Vogue (Madonna) |
| 1991 | The Stonk (Hale & Pace) |
| 1991 | The Urkel (Jaleel White) |
| 1992 | Achy Breaky (Line dance) |
| 1993 (1995 in US markets) | Macarena (Los del Rio) |
| 1994 | Saturday Night |
| 1996 | Tic, Tic Tac |
| 1998 | La Bomba (not to be confused with Bomba) |
| 1998 | The Roger Rabbit |

### 2000s

| Year | Dance |
| 2000 | Cha Cha Slide |
| 2002 | Algorithm March |
| 2002 | The Ketchup Song (Las Ketchup) |
| 2003 | Dutty Wine |
| 2005 | Caramelldansen |
| 2006 | Chicken Noodle Soup (Webstar) |
| 2006 | Daggering |
| 2006 | Laffy Taffy |
| 2006 | Lean wit It, Rock wit It (aka Snap dance) |
| 2006 | Shoulder Lean |
| 2007 | Crank That (Soulja Boy) |
| 2007 | Cupid Shuffle |
| 2008 | Single Ladies (Beyoncé) |
| 2009 | Jerkin' (brought to mainstream by New Boyz and Audio Push) |
| 2009 | Stanky Legg |
| 2009 | Hoedown Throwdown (Miley Cyrus) |

### 2010s

| Year | Dance |
| 2010 | Dougie |
| 2011 | The Creep (The Lonely Island) |
| 2011 | Wobble (VIC) |
| 2012 | Gangnam Style (PSY) |
| 2012 | The Smurf |
| 2013 | Twerking |
| 2013 | Harlem shake |
| 2014 | Nae Nae |
| 2015 | Hit Dem Folks |
| 2015 | Dab |
| 2015 | Hit the Quan |
| 2017 | Shoot |
| 2018 | The Floss |
| 2018 | Skibidi (Little Big) |
| 2019 | Lottery/Renegade Dance (TikTok) |

### 2020s

| Year | Dance |
| 2021 | Griddy |
| 2023 | Hot to Go! (Chappell Roan) |