OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Cooper (Pennsylvania politician)

James Cooper (May 8, 1810 – March 28, 1863) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician, who served in the United States Congress.

## Early life

James Cooper was born on May 8, 1810, in Frederick County, Maryland. In 1829, he enrolled in Mount St. Mary's University, but moved to Washington College (later Washington & Jefferson College). He graduated from Washington College in 1832. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834.

## Career

Cooper started practicing law in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in the office of Thaddeus Stevens. He was elected as a Whig to the 26th and 27th congresses; serving from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1843. In the 27th congress, he was chairman of the indian affairs committee. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1843 to 1844 and in 1846 and 1848. He was speaker of the house for one term in 1847. In 1848, he was attorney general of Pennsylvania. He was elected to the United States Senate; serving from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1855.
When the American Civil War started, Cooper raised a brigade of volunteers in Maryland and was appointed brigadier general of volunteers in May 1861. His brigade served in Franz Sigel's division during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign. In poor health, he was assigned as commandant of Camp Chase, a military staging, training and prison camp near Columbus, Ohio.

## Personal life

Copper died on March 28, 1863, at the American Hotel in Columbus. He was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Frederick, Maryland.
# Ang Dorje Sherpa

Ang Dorje (Chhuldim) Sherpa (born 1970) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineering guide, climber, and porter from Pangboche, Nepal, who has reached the summit of Mount Everest 23 times. He was the climbing Sirdar for Rob Hall's Adventure Consultants expedition to Everest in spring 1996, when a freak storm led to the deaths of eight climbers from several expeditions, considered one of the worst disasters in the history of Everest mountaineering.

## Early life

Ang Dorje was born in 1970, in upper Pangboche, Nepal, near the Khumbu Valley as it passes down the slopes of Mount Everest. He grew up among Himalayan climbers; his father, Nima Tenzing Sherpa, was a climber with expeditions led by British mountaineer Chris Bonington in the 1970s and 1980s.
He followed his father in work with climbing expeditions beginning as a porter at the age of 12. "I always wanted to climb when I was little," Ang Dorje says. He attended private school in Nepal, with assistance from western clients impressed by his work ethic, as he continued his mountaineering work with several expeditions in the Everest area. His efforts were rewarded when in 1992 at the age of 22 he reached the summit of Mount Everest.

## Sirdar and guiding career

Ang Dorje has led many successful expeditions on Everest, frequently as climbing sirdar for Adventure Consultants, the guiding service founded by Rob Hall. During the disastrous 1996 expedition on Everest, he and Lhakpa Tshering Sherpa attempted to rescue Hall and others, in the deadly storm conditions that ultimately killed 8 climbers. They ascended 900 vertical meters to just below Everest's South Summit, only to be halted by impenetrable storm conditions just 100 meters from Hall. They waited 45 minutes before being forced back by the storm. Ang Dorje later commented on the incident saying, "It was very sad. Very difficult." The rescue efforts were recounted by Jon Krakauer in his account of the disaster, Into Thin Air.
In addition to his work as climbing sirdar on Everest, Ang Dorje has also worked as a mountain guide on Everest, as well as Aconcagua, Mount Rainier, Kilimanjaro, and Island Peak.

## Climbing accomplishments

As of 2024, Ang Dorje had reached the summit of Mount Everest 23 times since 1992 (in both spring and autumn, all via the South Col route), Cho Oyu seven times since 1995, and had also summited Broad Peak (1995), Gasherbrum II (1997) and Ama Dablam (in 1996, via the southwest ridge route)

## Personal life

After meeting American computational linguist Michelle Gregory at the southern Everest Base Camp, in 2002 he immigrated to the United States. The couple married a year later. He returns to climb Everest each spring, in part to visit his family. He completed his 19th summit of Everest in 2017. Ang Dorje also works as a wind turbine mechanic at wind farms in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

## Everest summits

* 2024 - 23rd summit
* 2023 - 22nd summit
* 2021 - 21st summit
* 2019 - 20th summit
* 2017 - 19th summit
* 2016 - 18th summit with Adventure Consultants
* 2013 - 17th summit
* 2008 - 14th summit
* 1992 - 1st summit
# Love Never Fails (Brandon Heath song)

"Love Never Fails" is a song by Christian contemporary-alternative rock musician Brandon Heath from his second studio album, What If We. It was released on February 5, 2009, as the third single from the album.

## Background

This song was produced by Dan Muckala. Brandon Heath sang this song at Carrie Underwood's and Mike Fisher's wedding.

## Composition

"Love Never Fails" was written by Brandon Heath, Chad Cates.

## Release

The song "Love Never Fails" was digitally released as the third and last single from What If We on February 5, 2009.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Love Never Fails" :
| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Christian Songs (Billboard) | 14 |
| US Christian Airplay (Billboard) | 14 |
# Portage Lakes, Ohio

Portage Lakes is a census-designated place in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,407 at the 2020 census. A suburb directly south of Akron, the community takes its name from the encompassing Portage Lakes.
Portage Lakes is a part of Coventry Township. The community includes Portage Lakes State Park, which features boatramps and seasonal beach swimming. Portage Lakes is part of the Akron metropolitan area.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.2 square miles (21 km$^2$), of which 6.6 square miles (17 km$^2$) is land and 1.6 square miles (4.1 km$^2$) (19.49%) is water.
At the 2000 census, Portage Lakes included portions of Coventry and Franklin townships. On 1 January 2005, all of Franklin Township was merged into the village of New Franklin; as a result, the CDP's Franklin Township portion is now entirely within New Franklin. Therefore, the CDP today consists of territory only in Coventry Township, as CDPs are located only in unincorporated areas.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,870 people, 4,195 households, and 2,751 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,502.0 inhabitants per square mile (579.9/km$^2$). There were 4,491 housing units at an average density of 683.4 per square mile (263.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.79% White, 0.57% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 4,195 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,698, and the median income for a family was $52,384. Males had a median income of $37,250 versus $26,279 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,267. About 1.9% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Get It On (Intenso Project song)

"Get It On" is a single released by Intenso Project and the former Steps member Lisa Scott-Lee in 2004. It peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart and number 38 in France.

## Track listings

UK CD
* "Get It On" (radio edit) – 2:49
* "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:47
* "Get It On" (DJ Bomba & Paolo remix) – 8:11
* "Get It On" (video)
UK 12-inch single
    A. "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:47
    B. "Get It On" (DJ Bomba & Paolo remix) – 8:11
French CD single
* "Get It On" (radio edit) – 3:07
* "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:47
US CD single
* "Get It On" (radio edit) – 3:07
* "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:47
* "Get It On" (Mark Jason remix) – 6:15
* "Get It On" (DJ Bomba & Paolo remix) – 8:11
* "Get It On" (instrumental) – 3:29
US 12-inch single
    A1. "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:46
    A2. "Get It On" (DJ Bomba & Paolo remix) – 8:10
    B1. "Get It On" (Mark Jason remix) – 6:15
    B2. "Get It On" (radio edit) – 3:07
Australian CD single
* "Get It On" (radio edit) – 3:33
* "Get It On" (original club mix) – 6:47
* "Get It On" (DJ Bomba & Paolo remix) – 8:11
* "Get It On" (Mark Jason remix) – 6:15
* "Get It On" (video)

## Charts

| Chart (2004–2005) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 56 |
| France (SNEP) | 38 |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 69 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 26 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 23 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 27 |
| US Dance Radio Airplay (Billboard) | 15 |
# Willi Jäger

Willi Jäger (born 15 August 1940 in Kschellowitz, Bohemia) is a German mathematician.

## Education

He completed his PhD in 1966 the University of Munich under the direction of Erhard Heinz.

## Career

From 1969 to 1970 Jäger was a visiting scientist at the Courant Institute in New York City. In 1970 he became professor of mathematics at the University of Münster and from 1974 he became professor of applied mathematics at the Heidelberg University. In 1987 Jäger was founding member of the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing in Heidelberg. He is a board member of the Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach.
In addition to problems of scientific computing, including the effective use of computers for the mathematical modeling of complicated, mostly scientific problems, Jäger deals with problems of nonlinear differential equations, calculus of variations, branching processes, and the spectral theory of differential operators, mostly with a view to specific applications such as data visualization.
Jäger had more than 100 PhD students, including Florin Diacu, Bernold Fiedler, Stephan Luckhaus, Hubert Mara and Martin Vingron.

## Awards and honors

Thus far, he has been honoured with 2 honorary doctorates, several prizes and the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He gave a DMV Gauss Lecture in 2007.
# Raymond Sheline

Raymond K. Sheline (March 31, 1922 – February 10, 2016) was a member of the Manhattan Project and spent much of his career as a professor in chemistry and physics at Florida State University. Sheline's research focused on spectroscopic studies of atomic nuclei and molecular structures.

## Education and career

Sheline was born in Port Clinton, Ohio and a graduate of Woodward High School. He studied at Bethany College in West Virginia, where he graduated in 1943. From 1943 till 1945, he worked on the Manhattan Project as a chemist at Columbia University. Sheline went to graduate school at University of California, Berkeley after World War II and obtained his PhD in chemistry there in 1949 under the supervision of Kenneth Pitzer. His PhD thesis dealt with vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules.
Sheline taught at the University of Chicago for two years after his PhD. From 1951 to 1999, Sheline was a professor in chemistry and physics at Florida State University. Between 1966 and 1967, he was named Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor.
Sheline was a three-time Guggenheim fellow and a Fulbright scholar.

## Personal life

Sheline married Yvonne Sheline in 1951, they have seven children.
# Tales of the Unanticipated

Tales of the Unanticipated, known as TOTU, is a semiprozine that was founded under the auspices of the Minnesota Science Fiction Society (known as Mn-STF or Minn-STF), and has since become independent. Like contemporaries such as Crank! and Century, Tales of the Unanticipated strove from its inception to showcase fiction, poetry and articles that are ostensibly speculative fiction.

## History

The first issue of Tales of the Unanticipated was launched in August 1986. Over the years, notable authors who contributed fiction, articles and/or poetry have included Kate Wilhelm, Eleanor Arnason, Damon Knight, Bruce Bethke, John Sladek, Stephen Dedman, and Neil Gaiman.
Writers who had their first published short stories premiere in TOTU include Peg Kerr, Jason Sanford, Kij Johnson, Carolyn Ives Gilman, and others who had important early appearances of their work in the magazine include Lyda Morehouse. The short story "Koan" was eventually made into the short film The Gnostic starring Francesco Quinn.
TOTU has published interviews with top speculative fiction authors, such as Gaiman, Knight, Wilhelm, Sladek, Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, Larry Niven, Fritz Leiber, Kim Stanley Robinson, and George Alec Effinger and Ursula K. Le Guin. The editors pay notice to many authors of speculative fiction who are not always marketed as “genre writers,” interviewing Gore Vidal, Jonathan Carroll, and Karen Joy Fowler.

## Operations

TOTU is an anomaly in the speculative fiction magazine market in that traditionally nearly all magazines have submissions, particularly the unsolicited submissions in what is known as the slush pile, screened by lower-level readers and editors first. As of 2009, all submissions to TOTU have been read and evaluated by editor-in-chief Eric Heideman before being passed on to other editors or readers for evaluation.
# Anthony Turner

Anthony, Antony or Tony Turner may refer to:
* Anthony Turner (actor) (fl. 1622–1659), English actor
* Anthony Turner (martyr) (1628–1679), English Jesuit and martyr
* Antony Turner (cricketer) (1907–1959), English cricketer and British Army officer
* Tony Turner (diver) (1933–2021), British diver
* Tony Turner (priest) (1930–2020), English Anglican clergyman
* Tony Turner (scientist) (born 1950), English academic in the field of biosensors
* Tony Turner (20th-century actor), British actor in Her Naked Skin
* Tony Turner, Canadian writer of the protest song "Harperman"
# Autobesity

Autobesity, also known as car bloat and truck bloat, is the trend, beginning in about the 1990s, of cars increasing in average size and weight. The average weight of cars sold in Europe increased by 21% between 2001 and 2022. In the United States, SUVs and pickup trucks comprised more than 75% of new sales in 2024 compared to 38% in 2009.

## Negative consequences

Among the consequences of increased car weight and size are:
* Poorer air quality, even with electric vehicles, because heavier vehicles have higher energy consumption and release more tyre and brake particles (non-tailpipe emissions).
* Reduced road safety, as heavier vehicles have greater kinetic energy, and taller vehicles are more likely to strike pedestrians in the head and torso, or even not be able to see small children who are below the driver's line of sight. Additionally, larger vehicles are more likely to hit pedestrians when turning due to poorer visibility. Vehicles with higher front ends and blunt profiles are 45% more likely to cause fatalities in crashes with pedestrians than smaller cars and trucks. In the United States, pedestrian fatalities increased by 57% between 2013 and 2022.
* Parking issues for other vehicles, as they don't fit in typical parking spaces, often occupying multiple spaces.
* Increased consumption of public space, promoting more sprawling cities and further exacerbating energy and automobile dependency.

## Explanations

An individual driver may choose a large car for personal safety, though it threatens other road users. This in turn pushes others to choose large cars, a vicious circle. A US National Safety Council expert described autobesity as an "arms race".
Even though this is a decisive factor that some buyers do take into account, even the ones that don't actively search for larger vehicles are affected due to the increase in the number of safety features: from airbags to crumple zones. These require much more space in the vehicle, even adding areas of apparently empty space just so that the bodywork has a larger crumple zone in case of a collision.

## Government actions to counter autobesity

* France, Norway, the Netherlands and Washington, D.C. (among others) tax vehicles by weight.
* A 2023 European Parliament report proposes introducing a new "category B+" driving licence for cars heavier than 1,800 kg (4,000 lb).
* From 2024 Paris will charge higher parking fees for SUVs.
* In September 2024, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration proposed a rule mandating manufacturers to test their vehicles using pedestrian crash test dummies, with an estimate of saving 67 pedestrian lives per year.
# Khulna Development Authority

Khulna Development Authority (KDA) is a governing body that is responsible for planned development in Khulna City, Bangladesh. It was established by an ordinance of the Government of East Pakistan called the Khulna Development Authority Ordinance, 1961. It was established for better planning for Khulna city and its suburbs areas.

## Projects Completed by KDA

* Construction of KDA Avenue and Majid Sarani with commercial plots.
* Sonadanga Residential Area
* Construction of KDA Outer Bypass Road aka Mujgunni Highway
* MA Bari Road
* Mujgunni Residential Area
* Nirala Residential Area
* KDA Shiromoni Residential Area
* KDA Shiromoni Industrial Area
* KDA Mirerdanga Residential Area
* KDA Daulatpur Residential Area
* KDA Nibir Residential Area
* KDA Moyuri Residential Area
* Construction of Teligati Bypass Road
* Construction of Bastuhara Byapass Road
* Construction of Jalil Sarani
* Construction of Rayer Mahal to Koiya Bazar Road
* Construction of Sonadanga Bypass Road
* Construction of Jabbar Sarani

### Ongoing projects

* Shipyard Road Extension
* Construction of Nirala Bypass Road
* Construction of Gallamari - Rayer Mahal Road
* Construction of Bastuhara - Aranghata Road
* Construction of KDA Biponi Bitan
# Kusasi people

The Kusasi, Kusaasi, or the Kusaal people, are an ethnic group with majority found in the Kusaug state in the upper eastGhana with a population of over 700,000 according to the 2021 population and housing census of Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. They speak the Kusaal language, which is a Gur language and are believe to the indigenous people of the area locatedin the eastern part of the upper east region. The kusasis tribe occupies six administrative districts in the upper region of Ghana consisting of Bawku East,Bawku West,Pusiga,Garu and Tempane districts with BAWKU as their capital. The Overlord of the kusasis is Zugraan Naba Asigri Abugrago Azoka II who ascended the throne in 1984 after the death of his father Naba Asigri Zonzong baʼad Wabug I. The religious beliefs of the kusasis is Christianity followed by Islam and the traditional religion.

## Festival

The Kusaasi celebrate the Samanpiid Festival. The festival is used to thank God for a bumper harvest during the farming season. The festival was first celebrated in 1987.
# Racialized society

A racialized society is a society where socioeconomic inequality, residential segregation and low intermarriage rates are the norm, where human definitions of personal identity and choices of intimate relationships reveal racial distinctiveness.
A racialized society is a society that has undergone strong racialization, where perceived race matters profoundly for life experiences, opportunities, and interpersonal relationships.
A racialized society can also be said to be "a society that allocates differential economic, political, social, and even psychological rewards to group along perceived racial lines; lines that are socially constructed."

## United States

It is argued that racial/ethnic identity are not separate or autonomous categories and what is called 'racial categories' in the United States are actually racialized ethnic categories.
United States society is considered by some to be a racialized society in which divisions between the racial/ethnic groups are given. Critical race theory argues that racism is normal and is engrained [sic] in the fabric and system of the American society. There are ongoing racial disparities between races in the United States in employment, housing, religion, and race-conscious institutions. Some scholars argue that a "privileged/non-privileged dynamic" exists. This means that cultural practice assigns value and assumed competence to people who have certain characteristics or features. The social psychological approach maintains that prejudice socialized early in life feeds racial stereotypes.
It is often said that social interaction is infused with a privileged / non-privileged dynamic which is defined by racial identity — is very complex issue. Racialization hurts both the privileged and the non-privileged, but hurts the non-privileged most.
Until the 1960s there was legal racial discrimination in the United States. The end of legal discrimination produced major improvements, but scarcely was successful in wiping the slate clean of the many legacies of more than three centuries of formalized state supported inequality. Even after the era of official social discrimination and segregation, the lingering residual practices kept African Americans in lower-caste status. Racial problems were viewed as the nation's "most important problem" and many observers felt the United States was in a state of racial crisis. Racially related issues, such as welfare, crime, segregation, "permissive judges", affirmative action, group based rights, difference-blind treatment, and government regulation and state neutrality with respect to group, have been the subject of strenuous political debate and legislation in the past three decades. Significant gaps between blacks and whites in most domains that measure the quality of life continue to exist. Effective standards designed to eliminate discrimination, often described as race-conscious remedies, have been intensely debated. Supporters argue that institutional racism is so deeply and subtly embedded in the fabric of American society that little would change if more proactive methods of eliminating discrimination had been used.