OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Watlow

Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co. is an American family-owned company that designs and manufactures industrial electric heaters, sensors, and controllers.
Watlow serves numerous industries, including semiconductor processing, environmental chambers, energy process, diesel emissions, along with medical and foodservice equipment. Founded in 1922, it has nine factories and three technology centers in the United States, Mexico, Europe and Asia, and has sales offices in 16 countries.

## History

In 1922, Louis Desloge Sr. of the Desloge family founded Watlow in a rented corner space on the second floor of a machine shop in St. Louis, Missouri, and began manufacturing electric heating elements for the shoe industry. The name Watlow refers to the “low-watt” heaters that replaced steam heat.
During the 1930s and 1940s, Watlow began selling products outside the United States. Louis' sons Louis Jr. and George Desloge joined the company. A few years later, George invented the FIREROD cartridge heater. The first swaged cartridge heater, the patented device greatly increased heat transfer efficiency. Together, the Desloges expanded Watlow’s headquarters and St. Louis manufacturing facility to 185,000 square feet. During the mid-1970s, the company introduced the industry's first thermocouple product. Shortly after this time, Watlow grew exponentially both globally and domestically, adding facilities in Kronau, Germany, and Columbia, Missouri; and acquiring the Claud S. Gordon Company of Richmond, Illinois, the nation’s leading manufacturer of temperature measurement devices. In 1997, Watlow celebrated its 75th anniversary in the thermal products industry.
In 2000, Watlow Batavia Inc., then a subsidiary of Watlow, settled a lawsuit brought by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission over the company's English-only policy. The company had fired eight Spanish-speaking workers. The EEOC alleged that the firings amounted to unlawful discrimination based on national origin, and that Watlow Batavia Inc.'s workplace lacked the safety-related conditions that make an English-only policy permissible. Watlow Batavia Inc. paid $192,500, the largest settlement in the four years since the EEOC had started keeping track. Officials denied any company wrongdoing and said they were settling the suit only to avoid litigation. In 2010, the company sold Watlow Batavia to LV2 Equity Partners of Midland, Michigan.
In 2014, the company said it would turn its St. Louis facility into an "advanced technology center" by adding 30,000 square feet of new construction and renovating 56,000 square feet of the existing facility. In 2015, Watlow launched their new F4T with INTUITION, a touch-screen controller that combines the functions of several devices into one process control.
In 2021, a majority stake of Watlow was acquired by private investment firm Tinicum LP. The Desloge family still has a minority share of the company.
In 2022, Watlow acquired Eurotherm from Schneider Electric, expanding the company’s presence in Europe and product offering in sophisticated thermal controls.
# Jaiwanta Bai

Jaiwanta Bai Songara (lit. 'Long Lived'), also known as Maharani Jaiwanta Bai, was the queen of the Kingdom of Mewar. She was the chief consort and first wife of Udai Singh II, and the mother of Maharana Pratap.

## Early life

Jaiwanta Bai was born in Pali, Jalore into the family of Chauhans of Jalore. Her father, Akheraj Chauhan Songara was the Songara chief of Jalore.

## Marriage to Udai Singh

Jaiwanta Bai was married to Udai Singh II, the 12th Rana of Mewar. She was his first wife and chief consort. Jaiwanta Bai gave birth to her son, Maharana Pratap on 9 May 1540 at Kumbhalgarh. She trained him in warfare and embedded values in him through the teachings of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
After the death of Udai Singh in 1572, Dheer Bai wanted her son Jagmal to succeed him but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son, to be their king. The desire of the nobles prevailed and Pratap ascended the throne as the 54th ruler of Mewar in the line of the Sisodia Rajputs. Jaiwanta Bai became the queen mother of Mewar.

## Maharani of Mewar

Jaiwanta Bai was known to be a Krishna devotee. As the Maharani of Mewar, she built the Badla Wali Sarai and Panghat Baori, in Mewar.

## In popular culture

* In the 2015 series, Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap, Jaiwanta Bai was portrayed by Rajshree Thakur.
# Slaboye Zveno

Slaboye zveno (Russian: Слабое звено, English translation: A weak link) is the Russian version of the game show The Weakest Link. It was first broadcast on September 25, 2001, on Channel One Russia, and last broadcast on July 2, 2005, after the host Mariya Kiselyova asked for a maternity leave and the rights for the network to broadcast the show expired before her return.
Channel 5 had broadcast the show from December 2, 2007, to December 28, 2008, with Nikolai Fomenko as host.
The show would not be broadcast again until 2020, when MIR acquired the rights to present the show. The revival premiered on February 14, with Kiselyova as the host once again. On March 1, 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, BBC Studios revoked the rights for any Russian networks to exhibit a version of the show. The episodes that had been already in production aired normally, with the final episode of the 2020 revival premiering on January 13, 2023.
Since March 8, 2023, an unlicensed version of the show deemed Na Vyhkod! (Russian: На выход!, English translation: To the way out) has been broadcast on STS, with roughly the same format as the original show.

## Money tree

| Question | Price (rubles ₽.) | Price (rubles ₽.) | Price (rubles ₽.) | Price (rubles ₽.) |
| Question | September—October 2001 | 2001—2008, November 2020-January 2023 | Special editions from 2001—2004 | February—November 2020 |
| 9 | 30,000 | — | — | — |
| 8 | 24,000 | 50,000 | 125,000 | 40,000 |
| 7 | 18,000 | 40,000 | 100,000 | 30,000 |
| 6 | 13,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20,000 |
| 5 | 9,000 | 20,000 | 50,000 | 15,000 |
| 4 | 6,000 | 10,000 | 25,000 | 10,000 |
| 3 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 12,000 | 5,000 |
| 2 | 1,500 | 2,000 | 6,000 | 2,000 |
| 1 | 500 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 1,000 |

## Trivia

In late 2002, the channel's several leading game show hosts swapped places. In the event Mariya Kiselyova hosted the New Year edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, while Pole Chudes host Leonid Yakubovich hosted The Weakest Link. That episode has set a record. The winner Roman Madyanov has received a prize of ₽402,000 rubles (out of the grand prize of one million rubles).
# Chris Marriott

Christopher Michael Marriott (born 24 September 1989) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a full back for Connah's Quay Nomads.
A youth player with Wrexham, he played for and captained Cymru Premier club The New Saints.

## Career

Born in Wrexham, Marriott played for Wrexham before signing for The New Saints in 2009. He became club captain from the 2019–20 season. In August 2022 he criticised the players after the club were eliminated from the League Cup, and in January 2023 he wanted to proceed in the Welsh Cup. In March 2023 he became the most decorated player in Cymru Premier history, after winning his 11th league title with TNS.
Marriott left TNS in May 2024. In June 2024 he signed for Connah's Quay Nomads.
# Johnny Brittain

John V. Brittain (1932 − 7 March 2019) was an English motorcycle trials and enduro rider. His father Vic Brittain was also a famous trials rider and winner of the British Experts Trial in 1936 and 1938.

## Biography

Originally riding for DMW and then James motorcycles, Brittain beat the three James works riders in his first International Six Days' Trial (ISDT) in the 125cc class. He moved to Royal Enfield riding the Royal Enfield Bullet 350cc. 1950 was his first full year riding the Bullet, at the very young age of eighteen when he won a gold medal in the ISDT held that year in Wales, as well as the first class gold award in the Scottish Six Days Trial, a nine hundred mile endurance competition.
Overall, Brittain won more than 50 trade sponsored championship events. These wins included the tough Scott and British Experts trials, which he won twice. In 1956 he won the ACU star and was runner up or third place in several other competitions. Johnny competed in the International Six Days Trials for fifteen consecutive years, winning 13 gold medals. He was a member of the last British team to win the event in Czechoslovakia in 1953.
He also followed his father Vic's success at the British Experts Trial, winning after completing two 30 mile laps of the course in Stroud, Gloucestershire in blizzard conditions.
John Brittain died in March 2019.
# Edward Moran (disambiguation)

Edward Moran (1829–1901) was an American artist.
Edward Moran or Ed Moran may also refer to:
* Edward C. Moran Jr. (1894–1967), American politician from Maine
* Edward Percy Moran (1862–1935), American artist, son of Edward Moran
* Edward S. Moran Jr. (1900–1996), New York politician
* Edward J. Moran, a 2006 tugboat in the port of East Boothbay, Maine
* Ed Moran (born 1981), long-distance track and roadrunner
* Ed Moran (runner, born 1937), American middle-distance runner, 1958 and 1959 All-American for the Penn State Nittany Lions track and field team
# Portrait of Charles Dickens (Scheffer)

Portrait of Charles Dickens is an 1855 portrait painting by the Dutch artist Ary Scheffer depicting the British author Charles Dickens. He sat for the painting while visiting Paris.
The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition in 1856. Today the work is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London, which purchased it in 1870.
# Walk (Kwabs song)

"Walk" is a song by British singer Kwabs, released on 26 September 2014 on Atlantic Records in the UK, becoming a minor hit. However, the song became hugely popular in Germany, reaching number one in January 2015. It also reached number number one in Romania, while in Austria and Switzerland, the song reached the top five positions. It is also featured on the soundtrack of EA Sports video game FIFA 15. A version featuring Fetty Wap was released on 21 August 2015.

## Walk EP

Kwabs also released an EP on 3 October 2014 on Atlantic with the following tracks:

## Remix

Drum-and-bass producer Nu:Tone released a remix of the song in 2017.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2014–2015) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 3 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 3 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 9 |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 2 |
| Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 67 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 17 |
| Germany (GfK) | 1 |
| Greece Digital Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| Hungary (Dance Top 40) | 24 |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 1 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 7 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 98 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 12 |
| Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) | 2 |
| Romania (Romanian Radio Airplay) | 1 |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 9 |
| Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 62 |
| Slovenia (SloTop50) | 17 |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) | 9 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 4 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2015) | Position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 45 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 45 |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 14 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 24 |
| Poland (ZPAV) | 18 |
| Slovenia (SloTop50) | 49 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 36 |
| Chart (2018) | Position |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 97 |
| Chart (2022) | Position |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 76 |
| Chart (2023) | Position |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 83 |

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Gold | 15,000$^*$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Platinum | 400,000$^‡$ |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | Platinum | 10,000$^‡$ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) Featuring Fetty Wap | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Jonathan Greatorex

Jonathan Greatorex (born 1970) is a British music educator who became nationally known for his involvement in the "Salters Hill Scandal" in Lambeth and has subsequently gone on to become one of the UK's leading consumer rights activists and broadcasters.

## Career

He began his professional musical career at the age of 10 as a choral scholar at Llandaff Cathedral. From there, he went on to Christ College before completing his studies at the London College of Music under the tutelage of John McCabe, Michael Goldthorpe and the late Pamela Bowden.
He is an Early Years, Primary and Junior Music Specialist. He has been Head of Music at some of London's leading girls' day schools and has experience from Choral Training to "Music Information Technology". His work with children has been recorded and broadcast on national radio stations.
He was Head of Music at James Allen's Preparatory School in London from where he moved to being Head of Music at Croydon High School Junior Department for 5 years before relocating to Wales in 2007 where he now works full-time as a freelance musical consultant and commercial photographer as well as being a fully qualified Pilot.
He is the author of a new scheme of work for music education, which can be delivered by specialist and non-specialist music teachers from the Foundation Stage to Key Stage 2. He also specialises in composing accessible music for Junior School children and has composed music for several musicals.

## Salters Hill and after

He became famous for his legal action against Lambeth Council following the "Salters Hill Scandal" where he exposed a parking scam within the London Borough of Lambeth, estimated to run into hundreds of thousands of pounds. The case against Lambeth ended up with Greatorex recovering £176 of costs in the County Court, following the Parking Adjudicator's ruling that Lambeth had acted "Wholly Unreasonably" in pursuing the case.
He is currently continuing his involvement in consumer rights issues by spearheading the "Light Up Powys" street light campaign, WorkBully, the campaign to put an end to workplace bullying and is now a regular broadcaster for both radio and television on various matters relating to consumer and civil rights.
He lives in North Wales with his wife and daughter.
# Easy (Mat Zo and Porter Robinson song)

"Easy" is a song by British producer Mat Zo and American producer Porter Robinson. The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom by Ministry of Sound and Anjunabeats on 23 November 2012 and in the United States by Astralwerks on 7 May 2013. It debuted at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart. The track samples vocals from the song "Nothing Better" by Colourblind.

## Background and release

According to Mat Zo, "Easy" was first conceived as "EZ", a "garage" version of the song; he then asked Porter Robinson to work on another track based on it. Both versions appear on Mat Zo's late-2013 debut studio album Damage Control. "Easy" is a progressive house song.
An anime-like music video to accompany the release of "Easy" was first released onto YouTube on 8 March 2013 at a total length of three minutes and thirty-four seconds. The creators of this video were the animation group, The Line. The video follows a pop star by the name of Maki. She ignores her manager's attempts to contact her, and then she leaves her apartment complex on a motorcycle, with a large duffel bag. After she has driven a distance on the highway out of the city, she activates it, which causes what would appear to be a large expanding dome of light, possibly an explosion. She calmly and happily waits for the dome to catch up with her after it has consumed the city, and is then floating in a white void in a different art style. Then she appears riding a bicycle amid peaceful scenery matching a photo seen earlier in the video. The video contains many references to the classic anime film Akira. Some are visual, such as the light paths left by motorcycles, but there is at least one plot reference in the form of the explosion that consumes the city.
As of October 2024, the video has received over 16 million views.

## Reception

John D. Luerssen wrote to Rolling Stone that "Easy" was "buoyant and inviting". Andy Kellman of AllMusic described it as "one of 2013's most memorable commercial dance singles". In 2017, Tatiana Cirisano of Billboard chose "Easy" as the fourth best track in Robinson's discography at the time. Describing it as "pure joy", she wrote: "With charming vocals, piercing chords and the bubbliest of choruses, it's the type of track that doesn’t age with time, making it all the more legendary." The same year, Vice named it the 42nd best electronic dance music song of all time. In 2019, Billboard staff named it the 36th greatest dance song of the decade. In 2022, Rolling Stone Australia named it the 175th best dance song of all time.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 14 April 2013 | Digital download | Ministry of SoundAnjunabeats |
| United States | 7 May 2013 | Digital download | Astralwerks |
# Steve Hallam

Steve Hallam (born 12 July 1952) is the manager of vehicle support and team engineering for Toyota Racing Development. From 2012 until 2016 he managed Australian V8 Supercars teams the Holden Racing Team and Tekno Autosports. Before this, he was executive vice president for competition for Michael Waltrip Racing, Director of Race Engineering for the McLaren Formula 1 team, and before that various positions with the team and Team Lotus.

## Career summary

* before 1975: graduated from Loughborough University
* 1975-1981: development engineer at Aston Martin
* 1981-1990: trainee, engineer, development engineer, race engineer at Team Lotus (F1). Race engineer for Nigel Mansell (1981-84), Ayrton Senna (1985-87), Nelson Piquet (1988-89) and Derek Warwick (1990)
* 1991-1996: race engineer at McLaren (F1) for Gerhard Berger (1991-92), Michael Andretti (1993) and Mika Häkkinen (1993-96)
* 1997: chief race engineer at McLaren (F1)
* 1998-2008: head of the race team at McLaren (F1)
* 2007: engineer on the pitwall for Fernando Alonso at McLaren (F1)
* 2009-2011: director of race engineering at Michael Waltrip Racing (NASCAR)
* 2012-2013: managing director for Holden Racing Team (V8 Supercars)
* 2014-2015: team manager at Tekno Autosports (V8 Supercars)
* 2016-: manager of vehicle support & team engineering at Toyota Racing Development, California
# Burgher (social class)

The burgher class was a social class consisting of municipal residents (Latin: cives), that is, free persons subject to municipal law, formed in the Middle Ages. These free persons were subject to city law, medieval town privileges, a municipal charter, or German town law. After the fall of the estate monarchy, this social class, more often referred to as the bourgeoisie (from French: bourgeoisie – city residents) and less often as the burgher class, generally refers to town or city inhabitants. Due to the ideological and pejorative connotations of the terms 'burgher class' and 'bourgeoisie,' modern sociology prefers to use the term 'middle class.'
Gradually, within the burgher class, a wealthy stratum emerged, engaged in banking and overseas trade, organized in guilds and trading companies. The rise of this stratum is associated with the beginning of capitalism.

## Admission

The burgher class formed in the 13th century in connection with the emergence of medieval towns governed by separate laws. Burghers obtained self-governing rights and other privileges from feudal rulers. A burgher was exclusively a person possessing municipal rights (and not every person living in the town). To meet the conditions for acquiring these rights, one first had to obtain municipal citizenship under specific legal conditions regulated in municipal bylaws, town council ordinances, and sometimes very strict edicts.
Entry into burgher status varied from country to country and city to city. In Hungary, proof of ownership of property in a town was a condition for acceptance as a burgher.

## Privileges

In medieval Switzerland, for instance, crimes against burghers were considered crimes against the entire city community. If a burgher was assassinated, the other burghers had the right to bring the alleged murderer to trial by judicial combat. This practice was part of the broader Germanic legal tradition of trial by combat, which was used to settle disputes in the absence of witnesses or confessions.
In the Netherlands, burghers were often exempted from corvée or unpaid statute labour, a privilege that was later extended to the Dutch East Indies. Only burghers could join the city guard (Schutterij) in Amsterdam because guardsmen had to purchase their own expensive equipment. Membership in the guard was often a stepping stone to political positions.

## By region
### Specific cities

* Bourgeois of Brussels
* Bourgeois of Paris
* Bourgeoisie of Geneva
* Hanseaten
* Tribes of Galway
# Ystwyth Trail

The Ystwyth Trail is a 21-mile (34 km) multi-use rail trail linking Aberystwyth, Llanfarian, Ystrad Meurig and Tregaron in Ceredigion, Wales. Cycling and walking are permitted along the entire length while horseriding is permitted on several sections only.
The £1.7m Ystwyth Trail was partially completed in September 2008 and runs along part of the former redundant track bed of the Old Manchester and Milford Railway, a Great Western Railway branch line. It remains incomplete, as several sections of the former railway line were not purchased to create the trail due to extensive lobbying by local councillors of Ceredigion County Council against the trail, as existing landowners and farmers objected to the construction of the trail. Diversions of the trail have now been carried out onto narrow sections of existing public roads to link these missing sections, but this has created a non continuous trail with intermediate road sections on narrow roads which have considerable safety issues due to their narrowness, many bends and no traffic speed limits. Due to these objections and lobbying, it is unlikely that this trail will be developed or completed any further.
The Ystwyth Trail links with other routes via Lampeter and Devil's Bridge creating a link with both the Lôn Cambria and Lôn Teifi long-distance cycling routes (Sustrans national network routes 81 and 82).