# Sirmur State

Sirmur (also spelled as Sirmor, Sirmaur, Sirmour, or Sirmoor) was an independent kingdom in India, founded in 1616, located in the region that is now the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The state was also known as Nahan, after its main city, Nahan. The state ranked predominant amongst the Punjab hill States. It had an area of 4,039 km$^2$ and a revenue of 300,000 rupees in 1891.

## History
### Origin

According to Mian Goverdhan Singh in Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh, the principality of Sirmaur was founded in the 7th to 8th century by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, and Rathore noble.

### Nahan State

Nahan, the predecessor state of Sirmur, was founded by Soba Rawal in 1095 AD who assumed the name Raja Subans Prakash.
Near the end of the 12th century in the year 1195, a flood of the Giri River destroyed the old capital of Sirmaur-Tal, which killed Raja Ugar Chand. A ruler of Jaisalmer, Raja Salivahana, thought this was an opportune time to attack the state as it was in a state of disarray due to the natural disaster and death of its ruler, so he sent his son Sobha to conquer the state. The attack was successful and a new dynasty headed by Bhati Rajputs was established. Sirmur was invaded by invader Jasrath's army, who also invaded fragments of Punjab and Jammu.

### Sirmur State

The new capital was founded in 1621 by Raja Karam Prakash, and the state was renamed to Sirmur.
Sirmur was surrounded by the hill states of Balsan and Jubbal in the North, Dehradun district in the East, Ambala district in the South West, and the states of Patiala and Keonthal in the North-West.
But by chance, shortly after this event a prince of Jaisalmer visited Haridwar as a pilgrim, and was invited by one of the minstrels of the Sirmoor kingdom to become its sovereign. He accordingly sent a force under his son, the Rawal or prince Sobha, who put down the disorders which had arisen in the state, and became the first Räjã of Sirmur, under the title of Subhans Parkash, a title which the Rajãs have ever since retained.
Rajban became the capital of the new king in 1095. The eighth Rãjã conquered Ratesh, later a part of the Keonthal State, about 1150 and his successor subdued Jubbal, Balsan, Kumharsain, Ghond, Kot, and Theog, thus extending his dominions almost to the Sutlej. For many years these territories remained feudatories of the State; but its capital was at Kälsi, in Dehra Dun, and the Rajas’ hold over their northern fiefs appears to have been weak until in the fourteenth century Bir Parkash fortified Hãth-Koti, on the confines of Jubbal, Retwain, and Sahri, the last of which became the capital of the State for a time.
Eventually in 1621 Karm Parkash founded Nahan, the modern capital. His successor, Mandhata, was called upon to aid Khalil-ullah, the general of the emperor Shah Jahan, in his invasion of Garhwãl, and his successor, Sobhag Parkãsh, received a grant of Kotaha in reward for this service. Under Aurangzeb this Rãjä again joined in operations against Garhwãl. His administration was marked by a great development of the agricultural resources of the State, and the tract of Kolagarh was also entrusted to him by the emperor.
Budh Parkãsh, the next ruler, recovered Pinjaur for Aurangzeb’s foster-brother. Raja Mit Parkãsh gave an asylum to the Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh, permitting him to fortify Paonta in the Kiarda Dun; and it was at Bhangani in the Dun that the Guru defeated the Rajäs of Kahlur and Garhwäl in 1688. But in 1710 Kirat Parkãsh, after defeating the Räja of Garhwal, captured Naraingarh, Morni, Pinjaur, and other territories from the Sikhs, and concluded an alliance with Amar Singh, Raja of Patiala, whom he aided in suppressing his rebellious Wazir; and he also fought in alliance with the Raja of Kahlür when Ghuläm Kãdir Khan, Rohilla, invaded that State. He supported the Rajã of Garhwãl in his resistance to the Gurkha invasion, and, though deserted by his ally, was able to compel the Gurkhas to agree to the Ganges as the boundary of their dominions. His son, Dharm Parkãsh, repulsed the encroachments of the chief of Nalagarh and an invasion by the Rãjã of Garhwãl, only to fall fighting in single combat with Rãjã Sansãr Chand of Kangra who had invaded Kalhur, in 1793.

## Rulers

The rulers of Sirmur bore the title "Maharaja" from 1911 onward
| Name | Ruled from | Ruled until |
| Subhansh Prakash | 1095 | 1099 |
| Mahe Prakash | 1099 | 1117 |
| Udit Prakash | 1117 | 1127 |
| Kaul Prakash | 1127 | 1153 |
| Sumer Prakash | 1153 | 1188 |
| Suraj Prakash | 1188 | 1254 |
| Bhagat Prakash I | 1254 | 1336 |
| Jagat Prakash | 1336 | 1388 |
| Bir Prakash | 1388 | 1398 |
| Naket Prakash | 1398 | 1398 |
| Ratna Prakash | 1398 | 1413 |
| Garv Prakash | 1413 | 1432 |
| Brahm Prakash | 1432 | 1446 |
| Hams Prakash | 1446 | 1471 |
| Bhagat Prakash II | 1471 | 1538 |
| Dharam Prakash | 1538 | 1570 |
| Deep Prakash | 1570 | 1585 |
| Budh Prakash | 1605 | 1615 |
| Bhagat Prakash III | 1615 | 1620 |
| Karam Prakash I | 1621 | 1630 |
| Mandhata Prakash | 1630 | 1654 |
| Sobhag Prakash | 1654 | 1664 |
| Budh Prakash | 1664 | 1684 |
| Mat Prakash | 1684 | 1704 |
| Hari Prakash | 1704 | 1712 |
| Bijay Prakash | 1712 | 1736 |
| Pratap Prakash | 1736 | 1754 |
| Kirat Prakash | 1754 | 1770 |
| Jagat Prakash | 1770 | 1789 |
| Dharam Prakash | 1789 | 1793 |
| Karam Prakash II (died 1820) | 1793 | 1803 |
| Ratan Prakash (installed by Gurkhas, hanged by the British in 1804) | 1803 | 1804 |
| Karma Prakash II (died 1820) | 1804 | 1815 |
| Fateh Prakash | 1815 | 1850 |
| Raghbir Prakash | 1850 | 1856 |
| Shamsher Prakash | 1856 | 1898 |
| Surendra Bikram Prakash | 1898 | 1911 |
| Amar Prakash | 1911 | 1933 |
| Rajendra Prakash | 1933 | 1947 |

## Demographics

Religious groups in Sirmur State (British Punjab province era) :
| Religious group | 1901 | 1901 | 1911 | 1911 | 1921 | 1921 | 1931 | 1931 | 1941 | 1941 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Hinduism | 128,478 | 94.69% | 130,276 | 94.05% | 132,431 | 94.29% | 139,031 | 93.58% | 146,199 | 93.7% |
| Islam | 6,414 | 4.73% | 6,016 | 4.34% | 6,449 | 4.59% | 7,020 | 4.73% | 7,374 | 4.73% |
| Sikhism | 688 | 0.51% | 2,142 | 1.55% | 1,449 | 1.03% | 2,413 | 1.62% | 2,334 | 1.5% |
| Jainism | 61 | 0.04% | 49 | 0.04% | 65 | 0.05% | 52 | 0.04% | 81 | 0.05% |
| Christianity | 46 | 0.03% | 37 | 0.03% | 44 | 0.03% | 52 | 0.04% | 38 | 0.02% |
| Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Zoroastrianism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Judaism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Total population | 135,687 | 100% | 138,520 | 100% | 140,448 | 100% | 148,568 | 100% | 156,026 | 100% |
| Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. |||||||||||

## Artwork

Not many paintings depicting the historical rajas of Sirmur State have survived due to the Gurkha occupation of the state between 1803 and 1814, which led to the loss and destruction of much artwork, including any portraits of earlier rulers produced in Sirmur itself.