# Effects of Hurricane Helene in North Carolina

North Carolina was severely impacted by Hurricane Helene during late September 2024, primarily in its western Appalachian region, causing at least 106 reported deaths and significant destruction of infrastructure and residential areas across several settlements. After making landfall in the Big Bend region of Florida on September 27, the hurricane began to traverse over land across Georgia as a Category 2 hurricane and into the Appalachian mountain range as a tropical storm, depositing record-breaking amounts of rainfall across several settlements in western North Carolina, such as Asheville, Swannanoa, Spruce Pine, Chimney Rock, Montreat, Lake Lure, and several others.
As a result of the historic rainfall, several rivers in the region overflowed and inundated multiple settlements, destroying houses and infrastructure and cutting off power, transportation, and communications to many towns for prolonged periods. In addition, several mudslides occurred across the region, significantly worsening the damage.

## Background

Western North Carolina, and Appalachia as a whole, has historically been victim to significant flooding and damage caused by weakened hurricanes or their remnants, despite being far inland of coastal regions that typically bear the strongest and most publicized impacts. This is due to intense rainfall that can cause significant swelling of rivers and bodies of water, as well as torrents of water flowing down mountainous areas which cause destruction and damaging mudslides.
For example, rainfall from Hurricane Andrew in 1992 spread across the southeastern United States along the Appalachian Mountains corridor; totals of over 5 in (130 mm) were reported near Ellicott Rock Wilderness.
Many counties in western North Carolina did not have strong building codes to protect against the conditions brought on by Hurricane Helene, in part because of opposition from the North Carolina Home Builders Association.

## Meteorology

Meteorologist Ben Noll reported that about 1.5 times more moisture was transported to western North Carolina than in any prior recorded event in the region, with an estimated integrated vapor transport quantity of roughly 3,000 kilograms per meter per second that surpassed the prior record of 1,883 kg/m/s. The amount of moisture and rainfall deposited in the region was considered exceptional due to it being far inland of the East Coast and the Gulf Coast.
The North Carolina State Climate Office at North Carolina State University reported that its Mount Mitchell weather station recorded 24.41 in (620 mm) of rainfall. The office referred to the total as "off the charts", comparing it to 16.5 in (420 mm) of rainfall being a once-in-1,000-year flood for the area. Asheville Regional Airport recorded 19.38 in (492 mm) of rainfall before losing communication. A North Carolina Forest Service weather station recorded receiving 31.33 in (796 mm) of rain from September 25 to 27, requiring further verification.
Readings from weather stations operated by the NWS Greenville-Spartanburg recorded 30.78 in (782 mm) of rainfall in Busick, North Carolina. Additionally, a minimum pressure of 972.2 millibars was recorded at Mount Mitchell State Park.

## Preparations

On September 25, western North Carolina was placed under tropical storm warnings, with Governor Roy Cooper declaring a state of emergency for the state. Both Gorges State Park and Mount Mitchell State Park were closed due to the storm, with a shutdown also occurring on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Significant closures also occurred on the North Carolina side of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, including on US 441.

## Impact

North Carolina Impacts Associated with Hurricane Helene :
| County | Fatalities | Fatalities per 10,000 | Injuries | Evacuations |
| Ashe County | 1 | 0.369 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Avery County | 5 | 2.847 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Buncombe County | 37 | 1.559 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Burke County | 1 | 0.113 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Catawba County | 1 | 0.061 | 2 | ≥25 |
| Cleveland County | 2 | 0.197 | Unknown | ≥12 |
| Gaston County | 1 | 0.042 | Unknown | ≥9 |
| Haywood County | 5 | 0.794 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Henderson County | 12 | 0.839 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Macon County | 2 | 0.521 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Madison County | 4 | 1.814 | Unknown | Unknown |
| McDowell County | 1 | 0.223 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Mecklenburg County | 3 | 0.026 | 1 | ≥100 |
| Mitchell County | 2 | 1.334 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Nash County | 0 | 0.000 | 15 | 0 |
| Polk County | 1 | 0.499 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Rowan County | 1 | 0.066 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Rutherford County | 4 | 0.610 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Wake County | 1 | 0.008 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Watauga County | 2 | 0.365 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Wilkes County | 1 | 0.151 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Yadkin County | 1 | 0.265 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Yancey County | 11 | 5.810 | Unknown | Unknown |
At least 106 people were killed in North Carolina, while about 200 more were left unaccounted for in the state as of November 6. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) issued a statement on their website that all roads in western North Carolina should be considered closed. A unit from the 1st Battalion of the 169th Aviation Regiment, part of the Connecticut Army National Guard, was deployed to help assist disaster relief efforts.
Appalachian State's football game against Liberty was canceled due to flooding and was not rescheduled. A mudslide and floodwaters from the Pigeon River swept a section of Interstate 40 at the North Carolina–Tennessee border away, forcing another closure. The Pigeon River rose higher in Canton than during Hurricane Frances in 2004 and Tropical Storm Fred in 2021. In Busick, rainfall totals reached 30.78 in (782 mm). The University of North Carolina at Asheville canceled all classes through October 9, along with Appalachian State campuses of Boone and Hickory through October 5, and Western Carolina University through October 4.
Areas in the Black Mountains region in western North Carolina were particularly devastated, with the Black Mountain Police Chief reporting that Montreat and Swannanoa were “gone” with neighborhoods destroyed, including homes that were on fire, along with numerous fatalities that could not immediately be dealt with. The village of Chimney Rock was also largely destroyed. More than 400 roads were closed in western North Carolina, and over 200 people had to be rescued from floods.
Eight tornadoes were spawned by Helene in the state. This included a brief but intense low-end EF3 tornado that impacted the north side of Rocky Mount, damaging 14 buildings and injuring 15 people, including four critically. Five of the other tornadoes were rated EF1, while the remaining two was rated EF0.

### Avery County

Avery County experienced its worst flooding event in recorded history, with thousands of dwellings damaged by flooding, destroying many of them. Landslides and floodwaters also carried away bridges and roads and led to extensive road closures, isolating many communities. A number of water rescues also occurred. In Elk Park, a family's home was swept away by rapid floodwaters, which was photographed before it struck the riverbank and tore apart, leaving one person missing. Winds downed many trees and powerlines, leaving nearly 100% of Avery County without electricity.

### Buncombe County

In Buncombe County, waterways associated with the French Broad River basin exceeded previous highest-ever heights by several feet, while many weather observation sites broke three-day rainfall total records. Floodwaters covered large swaths of I-40 and US 74, resulted in numerous road closures, and washed away some bridges and roads. This, as well as landslides, left communities isolated. At least hundreds of businesses and homes experienced some degree of water damage. High winds felled many trees and power lines. Nearly all of the county was left without electricity and water. As of October 30, 43 people were killed in Buncombe County alone, according to the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS), while more than 200 people remain missing.

#### Asheville

A curfew was issued for Asheville due to the damage that occurred inside the city. The city broke its record for two-day rainfall, recording 9.87 in (251 mm) of rain. Almost the entirety of Biltmore Village and the River Arts District were flooded, and the city was largely isolated due to loss of power and cell service. Landslides around Asheville forced sections of I-26 and I-40 to close, and triggered a flash flood emergency for the location. Access to Asheville was cut off from September 27–28 via I-26 to South Carolina.
The National Climatic Data Center was forced to shut down due to power outages and flooding caused by the storm.

#### Fairview

Fairview in Buncombe County suffered severe damage from flooding, with the Garren Creek area deemed "completely devastated". One resident was forced to grab onto a pole to survive rapid flood waters, while two women were carried by floodwaters in their house until it crashed in a forest.

#### Swannanoa

Floodwaters in Swannanoa caused the Davidson Road Bridge to collapse. Residents of the town reported to local media outlets that there were multiple missing persons who were living in rural areas. Residents also reported that no search and rescue operations had reached their location as of September 29, leaving several residents who had not prepared for the degree of flooding without food or drinkable water. At least one missing person was living near the Bee Tree Christian Church, which had been destroyed by flooding and fallen trees.
Damage to the town included cars that had been lifted to the tops of trees by the elevated floodwaters, thick mud burying several businesses and roads, and several homes along the river that were destroyed and deposited far downstream. A resident reported that it took less than an hour for water in one residential area to rise by over 4 feet.

### Catawba County

In Catawba County, Helene produced wind gusts up to 52 mph (84 km/h) at the Hickory Regional Airport. Consequently, power outages occurred and numerous trees were toppled. Heavy rains caused one indirect death and two injuries due to a car accident. Although minor flooding was reported along streams, the release of water via the Oxford Dam resulted in major flooding on the Catawba River and Lookout Shoals Lake. Consequently, the latter crested at its height level since 1940 – 9.45 ft (2.88 m). Downstream flooding prompted evacuations and damaged several homes.

### Haywood County

in Haywood County, the Pigeon River crested higher than in previous floods in 2004 and 2021. Canton mayor Zeb Smathers described the damage as "apocalyptic". The Pisgah High School football field which had been flooded twice already in three years would have to be renovated once again, and relocation was being considered. The sale of the Pactiv Evergreen plant was delayed and the sewage treatment plant was having problems. Flooding in Bethel and Clyde was described as the worst ever. In Waynesville, the Frog Level and Hazelwood sections experienced the worst flooding ever from Richland Creek. Frog Level had more structural damage. Maggie Valley had some businesses flooded by Jonathan Creek.

### Madison County

Marshall, the county seat of Madison County, suffered catastrophic flooding when the French Broad River crested at historic levels on September 27th.The town of Hot Springs also experienced catastrophic flooding from Spring Creek and the French Broad River. Most business in both downtown districts were severely damaged. Flooding on the Ivy River swept away several homes and caused fatalities. Small communities in Madison County, such as the community of Rollins, suffered loss of homes and life.

### McDowell County

In Marion, the county seat of McDowell County, a couple's home was destroyed by a mudslide, requiring a rescue by a pulley system, leaving one missing. A Baxter International manufacturing plant was heavily impacted by floodwaters, forcing its temporary closure and halting of the production of medications, dialysis solutions, and IV fluids for nationwide distribution. The Town of Old Fort was particularly hit hard when the convergence of Mill Creek, and the Catawba River washed the center of the town away, causing significant damage to bridges, roads, and parts of I-40 along the Catawba River. A primary road way, Catawba Ave, experienced a surge in flood waters due to multiple bridges across Mill River. One resident's rough estimation indicates nearly 820 have become homeless due to Hurricane Helene's devastating flood waters. The wind and water had tossed mobile homes hundreds of yards and washed away cars into the Catawba River, leaving the town's residents to wait for the restoration of cell service and the arrival of help from across North Carolina. The Historic Mauney House, office space and meeting space for the Mountain Gateway Museum, was damaged significantly due to fallen trees in the rushing floodwaters. Old Fort Elementary (built in 2020) experienced extensive flooding due to creek convergences, as such, closed with students relocating to nearby schools. A section of I-40 at Old Fort mountain experienced a massive slide, in combination with other road closures, cut off access to the Town of Old Fort from other cities for several days.

### Mitchell County

Spruce Pine, the largest town in Mitchell County, was heavily inundated with 24.12 inches of rainfall and the swelling of the North Toe River, significantly damaging the downtown area and destroying several shops, roads, and connections to water and electricity. Due to Spruce Pine being one of the few places in the world with "ultra-high quality" quartz mines essential for semiconductor production, damage from Helene was predicted to hamper global microchip supplies and technological supply chains if the town's quartz mines were damaged and shut down for long periods.

### Rutherford County
#### Chimney Rock

Chimney Rock was one of the most severely damaged of all the towns by Hurricane Helene. National Weather Service data indicated that over 19 inches of rain fell in areas upstream and to the west of Chimney Rock, leading to devastating floodwaters that destroyed half of the village according to rescue crew, including half of the businesses on the south side of the village near the Broad River. Most of Main Street and most of the businesses located on it were destroyed by the rapid floodwaters, with Pamlico County Emergency Manager Chris Murray remarking, "I’ve never seen concentrated damage like we’ve seen here... There’s nothing left."
Pamlico County rescue personnel reported that they had rescued four people, and evacuated 106 more people in addition to two cats and two dogs. Many of those isolated due to the lack of power and available communication were airlifted by Rutherford County Emergency Management to RS Central High School.

#### Lake Lure

The National Weather Service stated that 19 inches of rain had fallen to the west of Lake Lure, leading to significant rising of its water levels by the morning of September 26 that caused extensive flooding. Marina docks and boats on the lake were carried down onto the remains of destroyed structures, many of which had been carried down from Chimney Rock. One woman was rescued with her dog after being stranded inside a collapsed house along a riverbank.
Rutherford County officials issued a mandatory evacuation order to residents living downstream of Lake Lure for them to find higher ground, as the Lake Lure Dam's 124-foot-high barrier was entirely overtopped by water, had water pouring from around its sides, and was thus expected to suffer from imminent failure. Evacuation sirens sounded in settlements downstream of the dam and about 1,600 Lake Lure residents were given evacuation orders. Lake Lure Dam was later evaluated to have no imminent failure expected, although erosion on both sides of the dam and the compromising of the structural supports were reported.

### Watauga County

Before the event, two tornado warnings were issued to much of Watauga County, including Boone, Blowing Rock, Beech Mountain, and Foscoe.
On September 27, several warnings were issued across the county, including extreme rainfall and flash flood emergencies. Flooding in the area was worsened by flash flooding from days prior to Helene and tornado damage. Two deaths were reported by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services.
Appalachian State University sustained storm damage and flooding damage, causing classes and athletic events to be canceled through October 15. While flood waters receded somewhat quickly from populated areas, 140 housing units were condemned in the Town as of October 5, 2024.

### Secondary impacts in Tennessee
#### Walters Dam breach

As a result of prominent flooding across eastern Tennessee as a result of Tropical Storm Helene, the Cocke County Emergency Management Agency issued a statement for residents in the area:
   Please do not call central dispatch or E-911 unless experiencing an emergency. We are aware of road conditions and are actively working to place signage in affected areas. Road conditions are impassable at this time. Please shelter in place or go to a family or friends home. If you are displaced, please go to either of our emergency shelters located at the Newport Community Center at 426 Cosby Highway Newport TN, or Liberty Church of Cosby at 3541 Cosby Highway Cosby TN.
At 2:56 p.m. EST, Mayor of Cocke County Rob Mathis posted a statement on his Facebook page reporting the catastrophic failure of the Walters Dam:
   "THE WATERVILLE DAM HAS SUFFERED A CATASTROPHIC FAILURE. EVACUATION ALL OF DOWNTOWN NEWPORT IMMEDIATELY."
About a half-hour after his initial statement at 3:24 p.m, Mathis issued a state of emergency for Cocke County. The Morristown National Weather Service issued a Flash Flood Emergency for the settlements along Pigeon River, which included Cocke County seat Newport and Hartford, stated that 20,017 people could potentially be impacted by life-threatening flooding, along with four schools and one hospital.
River level probes recorded by United States National Water Prediction Service at the Pigeon River by Newport indicated that at 3:00 p.m. EST, immediately following the dam failure, water levels reached 26.17 feet, over twice as high as the highest "Major" warning level for the location at 12 feet. Multiple inmates of Cocke County Jail were evacuated from the jail to the Cocke County Courthouse located on higher ground.
Later, the National Weather Service (NWS) and state officials stated that reports of catastrophic failure were a false alarm according to Duke Energy, the operator of the dam, while still maintaining the evacuation order.

## Aftermath
### Rescue and recovery

Of the 241 people reported victims of Hurricane Helene in the United States, 119 people were in North Carolina, surpassing the state record of 80 deaths recorded in a 1916 flood. Of these, 72 residents of Buncombe County were among the deceased. The reported count of missing people was under 600 people by September 29, according to a Register of Deeds update. Asheville officials reported on October 2 that 26 residents were unaccounted for. A group of 34 students and chaperones from Girard College were located by rescuers after their week long partnership with the North Carolina Outward Bound School was cut short by the storm. The death toll reported by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services in February 2025 had been reduced to 104.
North Carolina Sheriff's Association reported that two officers were killed by flood waters during rescue operations. Pack mules were utilized to access areas inaccessible by other means in North Carolina. Operation AirDrop and the Carolina Emergency Response Team helped deploy volunteer private helicopter pilots to assist in rescue efforts.
Henderson County issued a public statement urging tourists outside of the region to not come to visit the area, while instructing them to bring essential toiletries, water, and non-perishable food if they still decided to visit in order to aid those in need.
Mayor of Canton Zeb Smathers referred to recovery efforts as being for a "21st century storm with 20th century technology” due to telecommunication and power outages forcing first responders to use pack mules and handwritten notes for communication and delivery. Black Mountain residents resorted to using makeshift message boards to list missing residents and humanitarian aid details.
One estimate of the number of damaged homes statewide was 73,700, with 9,234 of those in Buncombe County. The state Office of Management and Budget said "upward of 121,000 homes" and estimated that as of January 2025 12,000 were still displaced.

#### Animals

Animals were ferried from North Carolina shelters to other shelters in Louisiana, Virginia, Washington D.C, Mississippi and other locations as many of the shelters in the area were damaged or completely destroyed. Specific search and rescue teams were deployed to search for missing animals such as horses, dogs, cats, and guinea pigs. Workers and rescuers found that the animals at the Western North Carolina Nature Center were unharmed and the majority of the damage was to surrounding trees and fencing.
Flooding in western North Carolina has caused many yellow jackets, bees, and other insects in underground nests to be disrupted causing many of them to swarm in and around areas where residents are attempting to recover. The resulting insect stings has caused a reported surge in Benadryl and epinephrine injectors through hospitals, emergency medical officers and doctors.
45,000 chickens died in one North Carolina facility alone as a result of Helene. Damage to poultry facilities in North Carolina and Georgia have raised concerns about manure runoff into water supplies. North Carolina is a major supplier of poultry to the United States, and the storm is expected to have an impact on the nation's overall poultry supply.

### Effect on 2024 elections

Prior to the storm, election officials had already mailed out more than 200,000 absentee ballots, including about 39,728 the day the storm hit to the 25 western counties that were part of the federal major disaster declaration for the storm. Only about 1,499 of those ballots had been returned before the storm hit.
The North Carolina State Board of Elections reported that at least ten election offices were closed as a result of flooding, causing difficulties in voter registration by the October 11 deadline and possible prevention of early in-person voting in affected regions, beginning October 17. The state board expressed that its officials were attempting to reopen impacted election offices in order to process new voter registrations and absentee ballot requests before their deadlines pass.

### Healthcare

Physician and Obama administration worker Dr. Kavita Patel described healthcare in the affected regions as being in "Third World conditions" due to supply shortages and power outages hindering care, reporting that several doctors in the region resorted to using Amazon Wishlist products such as water-sanitizing tablets to make water drinkable. 1,200 North Carolina Department of Adult Correction inmates were relocated due to power and water shortages.
In addition, a Baxter International manufacturing plant in Marion was closed as a result of the storm's impact, which analysts predicted could lead to significant disruptions to national medical supply chains, causing shortages of medications, dialysis solutions, and IV fluids nationwide.

### Power and utility outages

On October 1, Governor of North Carolina Roy Cooper reported that 460,000 North Carolinians suffered from power outages. Of these, over 100,000 people across Buncombe County suffered from power outages lasting into October 1. These, in addition to destroyed, damaged, and blocked bridges, destruction of utilities such as power and water, and the “complete infrastructural failure” across several settlements, significantly complicated rescue efforts and aid delivery. North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein received over seventy complaints about the price gouging of groceries and hotel rooms, prompting him to compel businesses to provide support to those in need. Only one school out of 53 in Buncombe county had running water, forcing their closures.
Duke Energy reported that the degree of destruction to power infrastructure would require "significant replacement". On October 2, Duke Energy reported that 370 substations in western North Carolina were damaged or destroyed by the impacts of Helene, with several having been underwater.
On October 2, Verizon reported that while it had recovered cell coverage to 60% of all regions affected by Helene, that western North Carolina's thick forests, mountainous terrain, destroyed or blocked roads, and ongoing flooding made fixing cell towers in the region difficult, causing them to resort to use drones to provide temporary coverage. T-Mobile also noted difficulties in restoring coverage in North Carolina due to access challenges, resorting to distributing Wi-Fi connectivity stations and mobile generators to the region. Starlink announced that its satellite internet service would be free for all regions impacted by Helene for 30 days.
Following the storm, the webcam and weather station atop Mount Mitchell ceased transmitting data since the hurricane.

### Road damage

The North Carolina Department of Transportation reported that 400 roads in western North Carolina, including hundreds of state and national routes, were closed or deemed impassable due to landslides, flooding, and destroyed bridges caused by Helene. Westbound I-40 and I-26 were initially closed, and were later reopened only for evacuations. Several roads were in areas that were either difficult to reach due to Appalachia's mountainous terrain or from closed roads preventing other roads from being accessed, making it difficult to assess every road that was damaged and resulted in an estimate of several months time for some roads to be fixed. The department declared that all roads in western North Carolina should be considered closed to non-residents who were not providing aid. Florida's Department of Transportation sent its own personnel and portable bridges to aid in road assessment and reconstruction.
Parts of the eastbound I-40 section in the Pigeon River Gorge collapsed into the Pigeon River due to its swelling and rapid flow, and this section was considered by the department to be the most challenging section of road to fix. The road reopened March 1 with one lane in each direction and a 35 MPH speed limit. The Blue Ridge Parkway was indefinitely closed due to damage between mileposts 217 to 469 – the entirety of the North Carolina segment. As of February 12, 2025, 310 miles of the parkway had reopened. The estimated repair cost was between $1 and $2 billion, and some work was expected to take two to three years.
The estimated cost to repair all damaged roads in Western North Carolina was $5 billion, $500 million of that for U.S. Route 19W and $1 billion for I-40.

### Economy and tourism

As of October 3, much of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was open.
On October 3, Gov. Roy Cooper told the Asheville Citizen-Times that only those providing help should travel to Western North Carolina. This was a problem for an area dependent on tourists coming to see fall leaves, but the priority, Cooper said, was "meeting people's immediate needs, saving lives". Visit North Carolina warned people not to come because of power and water outages, shortages of food and gas, and closed roads. Messages such as "It's too dangerous to travel to Haywood County" were necessary in the early days after the storm, but much of Waynesville and Maggie Valley were ready for tourists two weeks later and tried to change the message. Opponents of the change pointed out that many areas were not back to normal. Businesses, however, needed tourists to spend during the fall season before winter. Another area dependent on tourism was Blowing Rock, which had few effects, but nearly three weeks after the storm, few people during what was normally a busy fall leaf season. Despite problems with the Blue Ridge Parkway and other attractions, Blowing Rock was ready for tourists and inviting them to come. While the parkway drew 2 million visitors in October 2023, none of it was open until twenty miles opened in the northern part of the state on October 23. All of the southernmost 57 miles except for a short section near Devil's Courthouse opened October 30. About six more miles near Asheville opened November 1.
In the Asheville area, with tourism representing 20 percent of the economy and contributing $3 billion in 2023, North Carolina Arboretum reopened October 28 and Biltmore Estate started its Christmas season November 2. Buncombe County Tourism Development Authority and Explore Asheville resumed marketing, though VisitNC's Travel Advisory Map put the area under a yellow alert on October 19, meaning visitors should make sure they can get to where they want to go. One forecast cited by the authority estimated lodging taxes would be down 40 percent or more during the next three months. And the tourism industry in Asheville had already lost its busiest month. The authority predicted that for the last quarter of 2024, tourism would be down 70 percent, with the predicted revenue loss $584 million. Lodging numbers for the county were down 74 percent in October compared to the previous year, and 57 percent in November.
Employment rates in counties effected by Helene dropped significantly in the storm's aftermath. Immediately after Helene, Buncombe County jumped from 2.5 percent, the state's lowest, to 10.4 percent. Mitchell County had the state's highest rate in November at 9.1 percent, and in December at 7.3 percent. Buncombe and Madison Counties followed with 6 percent.

### Long-term impacts

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reported that only 0.8 percent of households in disaster-declared counties in North Carolina held FEMA flood insurance policies. Environmental and insurance experts stated that the lack of flooding insurance would significantly slow the rebuilding and repairing of flood-damaged properties, as well as the recovery of entire communities. Lack of flooding insurance can also force many of the impacted to deplete their savings or abandon their homes entirely. Experts stated that low-income communities would suffer the worst due to lacking substantial savings and potentially not qualifying for credit from banks or from Small Business Administration (SBA) disaster loans. FEMA plans to update flood maps in 2026 after having been restricted by Congress to only look at past events for determining which properties are required to get flood insurance. Many communities and property owners appeal and contest flood risk findings by FEMA not wanting to make required protections or pay for insurance, leading to maps that underestimate risk. In some places in Western North Carolina impacted by Helene, maps by First Street found roughly 10x the number of properties would have been in a 100-year flood zone category, if FEMA had been allowed to use more comprehensive and modern forecasting. Better maps could have resulted in more insurance coverage and flood prevention measures.
These predictions were partly based on a 2023 study examining the aftermath of Hurricane Florence in 2018, which found that uninsured losses, when coupled with declining property values, caused significant increases in the risk of mortgage default and abandonment of housing. Similar patterns were observed following Hurricane Harvey in 2017.

## Response

Governor of North Carolina Roy Cooper stated on October 1 that “The devastation brought by Hurricane Helene is beyond belief” and that, “Communities were wiped off the map.” He further reported that over 57,000 people applied for FEMA assistance. He commended the first responders and healthcare workers who traveled to devastated areas to assist those in need, especially since many were departing from their own homes which had been severely impacted by the storm. Director of Emergency Management for North Carolina William Ray instructed people to not use drones in the area due to the potential hazards it could bring to rescue and response operations.
The lieutenant governor of North Carolina Mark Robinson, tweeted on October 1 false claims that United States President Joe Biden had stated that the federal government had "no more supplies" for the state. When asked for proof of the statement, Robinson's office sent over a video clip of Biden on September 29, being asked if there was anymore resources from the federal government for the state. Biden responded, "no...we have pre-planned a significant amount of [resources], even though they hadn’t asked for it yet."
FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell was directed by Biden to stay in North Carolina until the region was stabilized, with Biden intending to visit Raleigh. Over 1,200 personnel entered North Carolina, along with ten search and rescue teams. Biden also directed Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin to send 1,000 active-duty military personnel to the region.
Governor of Florida Ron Desantis sent resources and personnel from Florida to North Carolina to assist with rescue operations.
During the October 1 Vice Presidential debate, Republican J.D. Vance called the hurricane's impact “an unbelievable, unspeakable human tragedy” and stated that both he and Democrat Tim Walz "want as robust and aggressive as a federal response as we can get to save as many lives as possible. And then, of course, afterwards, to help the people in those communities rebuild”. Walz concurred and called the hurricane a "horrific tragedy".
In the weeks following the disaster, the [Tryon International Equestrian Center and Resort] (Tryon International), in Mill Spring ( Polk County), served as a command center and community assembly point - providing food, water, vital supplies, shelter and support to devastated communities in Polk, Rutherford, Henderson and other nearby counties.
On October 25, 2024, Tryon International hosted PHP: People Helping People, a benefit concert headlined by internationally known musician, composer, actor and Tryon, NC native [Dr. Samuel Waymon], with The Magic Man Band. Emceed by actress, comedienne and talk radio host Pam Stone, the show featured performances by [Champagne Charlie], [The Zion Grove AME Zion Church Music Department], [Awake in the Dream], [Shane Pruitt], [The Flatrock Playhouse] and the [Kenya Cultural Quintet]. On February 21, 2025, Waymon's performance of Randy Newman's ["Baltimore" (In Four Movements)] - recorded live during the benefit show at Tryon International - was released worldwide via the popular music streaming platforms.
Eric Church and Luke Combs put together the "Concert for Carolina" on October 26, 2024 at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, which raised over $24 million for hurricane relief.
On January 1, 2025, American professi°nal wrestling promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW) hosted a special episode of their flagship show, Dynamite: Fight for the Fallen, at Harrah's Cherokee Center in Asheville. Proceeds from the event were donated to local charities and hurricane relief efforts.