# Cherokee County, Kansas

Cherokee County is a U.S. county located in Southeast Kansas. Its county seat is Columbus, and its most populous city is Baxter Springs. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 19,362. The county was named for the Cherokee tribe.

## History
### 19th century

In 1803, United States acquired from France the 828,000-square mile Louisiana Purchase, the former French lands west of the Mississippi River, for 2.83 cents per acre. This territory included most of the land for modern-day Kansas.
In the 1830s, the United States conducted Indian Removal of the Five Civilized Tribes from the Southeast region, to extinguish their land claims and allow European-American settlement in the area. They were given lands in what was called Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, mostly in present-day Oklahoma. This part of Kansas was included at the time in the Cherokee Neutral Lands, and the county was named after this tribe.
In 1854, the U.S. organized the Kansas Territory. Settlers began to move into the territory, with violence breaking out between supporters of slavery and those who wanted to abolish it. In 1861, Kansas was admitted as the 34th U.S. state; its constitution prohibited slavery. In 1860, Cherokee County was established.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 591 square miles (1,530 km$^2$), of which 588 square miles (1,520 km$^2$) is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km$^2$) (0.6%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Crawford County (north)
* Jasper County, Missouri (east)
* Newton County, Missouri (southeast)
* Ottawa County, Oklahoma (south)
* Craig County, Oklahoma (southwest)
* Labette County (west)

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 69
* U.S. Route 160
* U.S. Route 166
* K-7
* K-26
* K-57
* K-66
* K-96
* K-102

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 22,605 people, 8,875 households, and 6,239 families residing in the county. The population density was 38 people per square mile (15 people/km$^2$). There were 10,031 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (6.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 92.27% White, 0.61% Black or African American, 3.45% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 2.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.
There were 8,875 households, out of which 32.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.60% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% were non-families. 26.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.50% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 26.90% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,505, and the median income for a family was $37,284. Males had a median income of $29,045 versus $19,675 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,710. About 11.40% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.40% of those under age 18 and 10.60% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### Presidential elections

For most of its history, Cherokee County had more of a Democratic lean in presidential elections than the rest of the state, particularly before 1968. Since then, it has only voted for Democratic candidates twice. In 1976 & 1992, it was their second and fourth best county in the state, respectively. From 1996 on, the county has swung powerfully Republican similar to the rest of Southeast Kansas.
United States presidential election results for Cherokee County, Kansas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 6,584 | 75.33% | 1,970 | 22.54% | 186 | 2.13% |
| 2020 | 6,766 | 73.94% | 2,194 | 23.98% | 191 | 2.09% |
| 2016 | 6,182 | 70.91% | 2,005 | 23.00% | 531 | 6.09% |
| 2012 | 5,456 | 63.66% | 2,930 | 34.19% | 185 | 2.16% |
| 2008 | 5,886 | 60.90% | 3,594 | 37.19% | 185 | 1.91% |
| 2004 | 6,083 | 61.36% | 3,726 | 37.59% | 104 | 1.05% |
| 2000 | 5,014 | 54.92% | 3,783 | 41.43% | 333 | 3.65% |
| 1996 | 4,138 | 45.76% | 3,771 | 41.70% | 1,134 | 12.54% |
| 1992 | 3,589 | 36.78% | 4,083 | 41.85% | 2,085 | 21.37% |
| 1988 | 4,281 | 50.95% | 4,069 | 48.43% | 52 | 0.62% |
| 1984 | 5,801 | 60.72% | 3,663 | 38.34% | 89 | 0.93% |
| 1980 | 5,296 | 54.81% | 3,969 | 41.08% | 397 | 4.11% |
| 1976 | 3,957 | 42.93% | 5,154 | 55.91% | 107 | 1.16% |
| 1972 | 6,019 | 67.03% | 2,806 | 31.25% | 155 | 1.73% |
| 1968 | 4,211 | 47.46% | 3,597 | 40.54% | 1,064 | 11.99% |
| 1964 | 3,730 | 39.28% | 5,720 | 60.23% | 47 | 0.49% |
| 1960 | 5,753 | 56.45% | 4,366 | 42.84% | 73 | 0.72% |
| 1956 | 5,824 | 58.39% | 4,112 | 41.22% | 39 | 0.39% |
| 1952 | 6,261 | 57.37% | 4,597 | 42.12% | 56 | 0.51% |
| 1948 | 4,616 | 47.77% | 4,854 | 50.23% | 193 | 2.00% |
| 1944 | 5,458 | 54.65% | 4,468 | 44.73% | 62 | 0.62% |
| 1940 | 6,600 | 49.27% | 6,670 | 49.79% | 126 | 0.94% |
| 1936 | 5,445 | 40.61% | 7,894 | 58.88% | 69 | 0.51% |
| 1932 | 4,045 | 34.05% | 7,442 | 62.64% | 393 | 3.31% |
| 1928 | 7,478 | 66.20% | 3,442 | 30.47% | 376 | 3.33% |
| 1924 | 5,437 | 52.90% | 3,071 | 29.88% | 1,770 | 17.22% |
| 1920 | 5,466 | 55.83% | 3,832 | 39.14% | 492 | 5.03% |
| 1916 | 4,350 | 37.55% | 6,188 | 53.41% | 1,047 | 9.04% |
| 1912 | 1,994 | 26.54% | 2,641 | 35.15% | 2,878 | 38.31% |
| 1908 | 3,893 | 44.26% | 3,819 | 43.42% | 1,083 | 12.31% |
| 1904 | 4,586 | 55.81% | 2,253 | 27.42% | 1,378 | 16.77% |
| 1900 | 4,478 | 45.18% | 5,302 | 53.50% | 131 | 1.32% |
| 1896 | 3,505 | 40.20% | 5,108 | 58.58% | 106 | 1.22% |
| 1892 | 2,696 | 41.43% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,812 | 58.57% |
| 1888 | 2,935 | 45.62% | 2,038 | 31.68% | 1,461 | 22.71% |

### Laws

Although the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 to allow the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with the approval of voters, Cherokee County voters chose to remain a prohibition, or "dry", county on Sunday until 2012.

## Education
### Unified school districts

School districts based in the county include:
* Southeast USD 247 (a.k.a. Cherokee USD 247)
* Riverton USD 404
* Columbus USD 493
* Galena USD 499
* Baxter Springs USD 508
Other school districts include:
* Chetopa-St. Paul USD 505
* Oswego USD 504
* Pittsburg USD 250

## Communities

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Cherokee County.

### Cities

* Baxter Springs
* Columbus (county seat)
* Galena
* Roseland
* Scammon
* Weir
* West Mineral

### Unincorporated communities

‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county. † means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.
* Carona
* Cokedale
* Crestline†
* Empire City
* Faulkner
* Hallowell†
* Keelville
* Kniveton‡
* Lawton
* Lowell†
* Melrose
* Neutral
* Riverton†
* Sherman
* Sherwin
* Skidmore
* Stippville
* Turck

### Ghost towns

* Treece, officially disincorporated in 2012

### Townships

Cherokee County is divided into fourteen townships. The cities of Baxter Springs, Columbus, Galena, Scammon, and Weir are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.