OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Economy of Western Sahara

The majority of the territory of Western Sahara is currently administered by the Kingdom of Morocco. As such, the majority of the economic activity of Western Sahara happens in the framework of the economy of Morocco.
In the Moroccan-administered territory, fishing and phosphate mining are the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production; hence, most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan government.
The Free Zone (POLISARIO-administered territory) is mainly uninhabited. There is practically no economical infrastructure and the main activity is camel herding nomadism. The government-in-exile of the Polisario Front had also signed contracts for oil exploration, but there is no practical work, because the zones given are in the Moroccan-controlled part of the territory.
Key agricultural products from Western Sahara include fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases), as well as camels, sheep and goats. Fishing and oil exploration contracts concerning Western Sahara are sources of political tension.

## Energy consumption

* Electricity – production: 0 (all estimates are for 2015)
* Electricity – consumption: 0
* Oil – production: 0 barrels per day (0 m$^3$/d)
* Oil – consumption: 1,700 barrels per day (270 m$^3$/d)

## Disputes over natural resources

Fishing and oil exploration contracts concerning Western Sahara are sources of political tension. In 2015, a European court invalidated a trade deal between the European Union (EU) and Morocco that involved Western Sahara, prompting a diplomatic backlash from Morocco. In 2018, the European Court of Justice ruled that a fishing treaty between the EU and the Moroccan government did not include fishing grounds off the coast of Western Sahara. In April 2010, the Norwegian state-owned salmon company EWOS stopped the purchases of fish oil from Western Sahara and Morocco (with an amount of around 10 million euros annually, and estimated between 12,000 and 20,000 tons of fish oil in total), for "not being in line with the Norwegian authorities' recommendations".
In 2002, the petroleum companies TotalEnergies and Kerr-McGee were awarded contracts to explore for oil in the region. In December 2004, French oil company TotalEnergies decided not to renew their license off Western Sahara. In May 2006, Kerr-McGee decided to not renew the contract signed with the Moroccan Authorities. The US-based firm Kosmos Energy began a contract to explore offshore from Western Sahara in 2013, prompting criticism from activist groups such as Western Sahara Resource Watch. Desertec, a Munich-based solar energy company, declined to place a plant in Western Sahara for "reputational reasons."
# Snehal Shinde

Snehal Pradeep Shinde (born 29 April 1992) is an Indian kabaddi player. She was part of the team that won the gold medal in the 2022 Asian Games. In the final, India beat Chinese Taipei 26–24 on 7 October 2023.

## Personal life

She hails from Maharashtra. Her parents are Surekha and Pradeep, a national medallist in boxing. She married Sagar Sakhare. She has a brother, Nikhil, and a sister, Kishori, also a kabaddi player, who inspired her to take up the game. She started playing kabaddi at the age of seven at the club in Swargate and learnt the basics from coaches Rajesh Dhamdhere and Jayant Warghade. She plans to start an academy for young players.

## Career

Snehal's first international medal came as a junior when she was part of the Indian team that won the Junior Asian Championship in Malaysia in 2009. Later, she won gold as part of the senior India team at the South Asian Games held at Assam in 2017. She missed the Asian Games in 2014 and 2018 due to injuries and was keen on taking part in the 2022 Games.
She led the Maharashtra team at the 36th National Games in Gujarat in 2022.

## Awards

Snehal won the Shiv Chhatrapati Award, the highest sports award in Maharashtra in 2014.
# Defense Security Cooperation Agency

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) is an agency within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) which provides financial and technical assistance, transfer of defense materiel, training and services to allies, and promotes military-to-military contacts.
Security Cooperation (SC) is founded on a tradition of cooperation between the United States and other sovereign nations with similar values and interests in order to meet common defense goals. It consists of a group of programs authorized by the U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, and related statutes by which the DoD or commercial contractors provide defense articles and services in furtherance of national policies and objectives.

## History

Founded in 1971, the Defense Security Assistance Agency was renamed the Defense Security Cooperation Agency effective October 1, 1998.

## Foreign military sales (FMS)

Foreign military sales (FMS) and International Military Education and Training (IMET) are two key programs included within Security Cooperation. IMET is conducted solely on a grant basis. FMS can be conducted through direct payments of foreign states or United States Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Foreign Military Sales division is the core activity of DSCA, and yearly sales are between US$30-50 billion. In fiscal year 2020, US corporations sold $50.8 billion through FMS, and $124.3 billion through direct commercial sales.
FMS is a U.S. government to foreign government agreement, and DSCA acts as agent for procurement mostly for American defense company and aerospace companies or for DoD stocks. On any given day, DSCA is managing “14,000 open foreign military sales cases with 185 countries,” the DSCA director Lt. Gen. Charles Hooper explained at the Brookings Institution in June 2019.
FMS is managed and operated by DoD on a no-profit and no-loss basis. Countries participating in the program pay for defense articles and services at prices which recoup costs incurred by the United States. This includes a fee to cover the cost of administering the program.

## Regional centers

DSCA has five regional centers. They are:
* Africa Center for Strategic Studies
* Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
* George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies
* William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
* Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies.
# Plexciton

Plexcitons are polaritonic modes that result from coherently coupled plasmons and excitons. Plexcitons aid direct energy flows in exciton energy transfer (EET). Plexcitons travel for 20 μm, similar to the width of a human hair.

## History

Plasmons are a quantity of collective electron oscillations. Excitons are excited electrons bound to the hole produced by their excitation.
Molecular crystal excitons were combined with the collective excitations within metals to create plexcitons. This allowed EET to reach distances of around 20,000 nanometers, an enormous increase over the some 10 nanometers possible previously. However, the transfer direction was uncontrolled.
Topological insulators (TI) act as insulators below their surface, but have conductive surfaces, constraining electrons to move only along that surface. Even materials with moderately flawed surfaces do not impede current flow. Topological plexcitons make use of the properties of TIs to achieve similar control over the direction of current flow.
Plexcitons were found to emerge from an organic molecular layer (excitons) and a metallic film (plasmons). Dirac cones appeared in the plexcitons' two-dimensional band-structure. An external magnetic field created a gap between the cones when the system was interfaced to a magneto-optical layer. The resulting energy gap became populated with topologically protected one-way modes, which traveled only at the system interface.

## Potential applications

Plexcitons potentially offer an appealing platform for exploring exotic matter phases and for controlling nanoscale energy flows.
# Bill Antonello

William James Antonello (May 19, 1927 – March 4, 1993) was an American professional baseball player whose 12-season career included 40 games in Major League Baseball as an outfielder, pinch hitter and pinch runner for the 1953 Brooklyn Dodgers. The Brooklyn native threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg).
Antonello attended Fort Hamilton High School and served in the United States Navy as a 17-year-old during World War II. He signed with the Dodgers in 1946 and spent seven full seasons in their farm system before his promotion to the 1953 edition. In his long big-league campaign, he started nine games, five of them in left field, scored nine runs, and collected seven hits and two bases on balls in 45 plate appearances. Those seven hits included one home run, hit off Ken Raffensberger of the Cincinnati Redlegs at Crosley Field on May 17. Antonello batted .163 with four runs batted in.
That year, Brooklyn captured 105 regular-season games and the National League pennant, but Antonello did not appear in the 1953 World Series, won by the New York Yankees in six games. He played professionally through the 1957 minor-league season.
Antonello settled in his wife's hometown of Saint Paul, Minnesota, where he had played Triple-A baseball during the early 1950s, and died in Fridley, Minnesota, at age 65 in 1993.
# Mandoli

Mandoli may refer to:
* Heather Mandoli (born 1982), Canadian rower
* Mandoli, Charkhi Dadri, village in Charkhi Dadri district (formerly Bhiwani district), Haryana
* Mandoli, Delhi, census town in North East Delhi
* Mandoli, Rajasthan, village in Jalore district
* a variant of the game of mancala
# Sony Dash

The Dash was a device manufactured by Sony that connected using Wi-Fi to the Internet. It had a touch screen which the user could use to browse information or listen to music. It was not a portable device since it did not have an internal battery. It was positioned as a personal internet viewer which could act as an alarm clock, Internet radio, digital photo frame and many other uses. It had applications which were downloaded onto the device. These were the same as those supported by the Chumby device.

## History

Sony announced the Dash at the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show. It was made available for sale in late April 2010. Originally the device was only usable in the United States, with users in other countries being locked out with the message "Error: Missing XAPI Service Mode". On June 25, Sony released a software upgrade allowing Dash to be used in other (if not all) countries, however subsequently restricted international service again in November 2011. The device does not have international power settings, and can only be powered by mains electricity of 120 volts, at 60 Hz, though this was confirmed false by different foreign users online, that the power adapter is able to work in 220 volts, requiring only the plug adapter.
Sony introduced two updated versions of the Dash hardware in September 2011. The HID-B7 and HID-B70 refreshed the hardware, with the HID-B70 adding a battery backup. This revision of the Dash device removed Netflix and YouTube streaming support.
On March 14, 2015 the Sony Dash stopped supporting all streaming content, including Netflix, Pandora, Slacker, and YouTube, although the device continued to authenticate with Sony and act as an alarm clock. While there has been no public response from the company, such service returned on April 24, 2015.
As of March 2016, Sony continued to provide limited support for the Dash, such as promised fixes for a leap year issue and a firmware update to address a problem with the control panel.
In April 2017, Sony announced that it "will no longer support dash devices and functionality will terminate" as of July 2017.
Chumby.com has initiated a program to try and offer continued support after Sony discontinued service.
Chumby.com released their Dash patch on August 6, 2017 to allow Dashes to connect with the Chumby servers.
# Choo Soo-hyun

Choo Soo-hyun (Korean: 추수현; born March 5, 1988) is a South Korean actress.

## Filmography
### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 2013 | 7th Grade Civil Servant | | MBC |
| 2014 | Gap Dong | Oh Young-Ae | tvN |
| 2014 | Pinocchio | Im Jae-Hwan | SBS |
| 2015 | The Time We Were Not in Love | Lee So-Eun | SBS |
| 2017 | The King in Love | Ok Boo-Yong | MBC |
| 2018 | Grand Prince | Cho Yo-kyung | TV Chosun |

### Music video

| Year | Song title | Artist |
| 2014 | "Winter Night" | Kim Woo-Joo |
# Briggs, Oklahoma

Briggs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cherokee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 303 at the 2010 census.

## History

The community is said to have been named for John Briggs, a local merchant.

## Geography

Briggs is located east of the center of Cherokee County. It lies east of Tahlequah, the county seat, along U.S. Route 62. The Illinois River, a tributary of the Arkansas River, forms the northern and western edge of the community. Briggs is bordered to the south by Park Hill and to the north by Sparrowhawk. Eldon is 5 miles (8 km) to the east on US-62.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Briggs CDP has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10.1 km$^2$), of which 3.9 square miles (10.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 1.40%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 358 people, 129 households, and 95 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 90.5 inhabitants per square mile (34.9/km$^2$). There were 139 housing units at an average density of 35.1 per square mile (13.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 45.53% White, 38.27% Native American, 5.31% from other races, and 10.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.10% of the population.
There were 129 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $30,781. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $35,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,340. About 11.9% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 40.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The Briggs Elementary School supports students through the eighth grade.
# Alcântara-Terra railway station

vteCommuter rail and ferry services in the Lisbon metropolitan area :
Legend :
CP Urban Services, Transtejo & Soflusa, Fertagus :
Alcântara-Terra railway station (Portuguese: Estação Ferroviária de Alcântara-Terra), is a railway station on the Cintura Line in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. The station is connected by foot to Alcântara-Mar railway station on the Cascais Line.

## Services

The station is used by suburban trains of the Azambuja line during weekdays, operated by Comboios de Portugal. Trains have a headway of roughly 30 minutes when serving this station on weekdays, except during the early morning and late night. As of the most recent schedule, no trains serve this station on weekends. As a terminus station, all trains either begin or end at this station.

## Station layout

The station is composed of two island platforms and a side platform serving three tracks. An additional five tracks are located adjacent to the station for stabling.

## History

Alcântara-Terra railway station opened on 2 April 1887, originally as the southern terminus of the Sintra Line to Sintra. The terminus of the line was shifted to Rossio following that station's completion on 11 June 1891. Between 1991 and 2008, an elevated pedestrian overpass existed between this station and Alcântara-Mar.

## Surrounding area

* Jardim dos Cactos
* Carris Museum
# Ivan Pace Jr.

Ivan Pace Jr. (born December 16, 2000) is an American professional football linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami RedHawks before transferring to the Cincinnati Bearcats in 2022, where he was named a unanimous All-American and the AAC Defensive Player of the Year.

## Early years

Pace Jr. attended Colerain High School in Cincinnati, Ohio. He played linebacker and fullback in high school. He committed to Miami University to play college football.

## College career
### Miami (OH)

Pace Jr. played in 13 games his true freshman year at linebacker and edge at Miami in 2019, recording 19 tackles and seven sacks. Six of those sacks came against Akron, which tied the NCAA record for most sacks in a game. In 2020, he started all three games in the COVID-19 pandemic shortened season and had 26 tackles. In 2021, he had 125 tackles, four sacks and an interception.

### Cincinnati

Pace Jr. transferred to the University of Cincinnati after the 2021 season. He joined his brother, Deshawn, who also plays linebacker for the team. He was a starter his first year at Cincinnati in 2022.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 5 ft 10+1⁄2 in (1.79 m) | 231 lb (105 kg) | 30+1⁄4 in (0.77 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.62 s | 1.70 s | 2.66 s | 4.40 s | 7.18 s | 35.0 in (0.89 m) | 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m) | 22 reps |
| Sources: ||||||||||||
Pace signed with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent on April 29, 2023. On August 29, 2023, the Vikings announced that he had made the initial 53-man roster. In Week 14, Pace recorded 13 tackles, a sack, a tackle for loss, and an interception in a 3–0 win over the Las Vegas Raiders, earning National Football Conference Defensive Player of the Week. As a rookie, Pace appeared in all 17 games and made 11 starts. He had 2.5 sacks, 102 total tackles (63 solo), one interception, two passes defended, one forced fumble, and one fumble recovery. Pace was named to the PFWA NFL All Rookie Team.
In Week 7 of the 2024 season, against the Detroit Lions, Pace recorded a fumble recovery for a touchdown set up by teammate Josh Metellus. In a Week 18 rematch, he intercepted a Jared Goff pass, again set up by Metellus.

## Personal life

Pace's younger brother, Deshawn, plays linebacker for the UCF Knights.
# Uuemaarahu

Uuemaarahu is a small, Baltic Sea islet comprising 0.0234 hectares belonging to the country of Estonia.
Uuemaarahu lies 1 kilometer to the southeast of the island of Hellamaa in the Väinameri Strait. It belongs to the administrative municipality of Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiu maakond) and is part of the Hiiumaa Islet Landscape Reserve. Other islands nearby include Uuemererahu, Kadakalaid, Ramsi, Hõralaid and Vohilaid.
The islet is an important moulting area for an abundant variety of birds such as: the mute swan, the great black-backed gull, the common gull, the oystercatcher, the Arctic tern, the common eider, the greylag goose, the common goldeneye, the mallard, the goosander, the ruff, the black-tailed godwit, and the barnacle goose.
# Sangla Hill Junction railway station

Sangla Hill Junction Railway Station (Urdu: سانگلہ ہل جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن, Punjabi: سانگلہ ہل جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located at 214 km on Khanewal-Wazirabad Branch Line in the Sangla Hill town in Nankana Sahib District, Punjab, Pakistan. The station serves as a junction between the Shahdara Bagh–Sangla Hill Branch Line, Khanewal–Wazirabad Branch Line and Sangla Hill–Kundian Branch Line.

## Facilities

The station has a police help center and separate waiting rooms for ladies and gents. There are 3 active platforms at Sangla Hill Junction. There is also a Parcel house to distribute any mail coming to the junction.

## Services

The routes from Sangla Hill are linked to Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hafizabad, Alipur Chatta, Wazirabad Jn, Gujrat, Lala Musa Jn, Jhelum, Multan, Faisalabad, Gojra, Toba Tek Singh, Shorkot Cantt Jn, Hyderabad, Bahawalpur, Rohri and Nawabshah. Major trains that stop here include 45Up/46Dn Pakistan Express, 35Up/36Dn Sir Syed Express, 47Up/48Dn Rehman Baba Express, 111Up/112Dn Badar Express, 147Up/148Dn Mianwali Express and 113Up/114Dn Ghouri Express. In past Rail Car Express, Abaseen Express, Chiltan Express, Shaheen Express used to stop here but these trains are not operating for a long time now.
# Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company

The Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) is an Egyptian state-owned holding company, which owns and manages state stakes in different gas project. The company was established in August 2001. EGAS is also responsible for issuing of natural gas exploration licenses in Egypt.

## Operations

In 2014/2015, EGAS signed six agreements, of them three offshore areas in Mediterranean Sea and three onshore areas in Nile Delta. In February 2015, a bidding for twelve offshore blocks in Mediterranean Sea was announced.
In 2014/2015, gas production reached about 1.65 trillion cubic feet per annum (47 billion cubic metres per annum) and total local consumption of natural gas reached 1.66 trillion cubic feet per annum (47 billion cubic metres per annum). Gas import started in April 2015, supplying to the national gas grid after the regasification with quantity of 30 billion cubic feet (850 million cubic metres). In 2012/2013, total net gas production in Egypt reached 2.26 trillion cubic feet per annum (64 billion cubic metres per annum).

## Corporate affairs

In March 2017 Egyptian Oil Minister Tarek al-Molla replaced the Chairman of EGAS Osama Wafik El-Bakly, by Dr Magdy Galal.
# Kaiko (mountain)

Kaiko (possibly Quechua for a type of hunt) is a 5,265-metre-high (17,274 ft) mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, on the border of the districts of Santa Teresa and Vilcabamba. Kaiko lies northeast of Choquetacarpo and northwest of Pumasillo.
# Thevis Guruge

Thevis Guruge (died 23 July 1989) was a distinguished broadcaster with Radio Ceylon and subsequently the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. He was the first Sinhala Announcer with Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia.

## Iconic status

He enjoyed iconic status alongside other announcers of the station, Guruge was one of the early pioneers particularly where the Sinhala service was concerned. Millions tuned into Radio Ceylon. He was the second announcer in Radio Ceylon, who joined in 1949. He retired in 1983.

## Chairman of ITN

In the 1980s Thevis Guruge was appointed Competent Authority of ITN in Sri Lanka after it was acquired by the government. Guruge was assassinated in 1989 by the JVP, whose youth squad had threatened him the week before.

## Assassination

On July 23, 1989, Guruge was killed by the rebels when he was going to a shop in the morning on the bridge at Polhengoda Road in Narahenpita. He was shot five times with a T-56 assault rifle. The funeral took place on 25 July 1989 at Borella cemetery.