# Thirteenth five-year plan

The 13th Five-Year Plan of China, officially the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 2016 and 2020.

## Content

The Plan increased China's target for the use of non-fossil fuel energy sources to 15% over the 2016–2020 period.$^{:28}$ It included planning to address wind energy and solar energy feed-in to the grid and prioritizing dispatch policies for renewable energy.$^{:194}$ It also required that the government develop regulations for China's carbon emissions trading system.$^{:47}$
Continuing themes from the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan also sought to boost the services sector, increase urbanization, and expand the social safety net to reduce precautionary savings.$^{:207}$
Regarding urbanization, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan highlighted nineteen city clusters to be developed and strengthened pursuant to a geographic layout referred to as two horizontals and three verticals (liang heng san zong).$^{:206}$ The highlighted clusters included the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta region, and the Greater Bay area.$^{:206}$ Development of these clusters includes establishing regional coordination mechanisms, sharing development costs and benefits, collaborative industrial development, and shared governance approaches to ecological issues and environmental protection.$^{:208}$
Reducing reliance on foreign technology was a major goal of the plan.$^{:221}$

### Focus areas

* Innovation:$^{:135}$ Move up in the value chain by abandoning old heavy industry and building up bases of modern information-intensive infrastructure
* Achieve significant results in innovation-driven development
* Balancing: Bridge the welfare gaps between countryside and cities by distributing and managing resources more efficiently
* Greening: Develop environmental technology industry, as well as ecological living and ecological culture.
* Achieve an overall improvement in the quality of the environment and ecosystems
* Opening up: Deeper participation in supranational power structures, more international co-operation
* Sharing: Encourage people of China to share the fruits of economic growth, so to bridge the existing welfare gaps
* Healthcare: Implement universal healthcare proposed in 2020 Health Action Plan.
* Moderately prosperous society: Finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects

### Policies

* "Everyone is an entrepreneur, creativity of the masses" (大众创业，万众创新)
* "Made in China 2025" (中国制造2025)
** Initiative to comprehensively upgrade Chinese industry and to obtain a bigger part of the global production chains.
** Aims to address four worrying trends in current situation:
*** (Nationally) vital technologies lack a (domestic) core platform
*** Chinese industrial products are perceived internationally as inferior quality
*** Domestic industrial competition is fierce due to overly homogeneous structure
*** Poor conversion of academic research results to practical application
* "Economy needs a Rule of Law" (建构法制经济)
* "National defense reform"
** Organisational reform of the army, slashing number of highest generals, as well as concentrating branches' functions, moving some under Defence Ministry
* "New national Urbanization" (国家新型城镇化)
* "Reformed one-child policy"