# Climate of Anchorage

Anchorage, Alaska (Dena'ina: Dgheyay Kaq'; Dgheyaytnu) has a subarctic climate with the code Dsc according to the Köppen climate classification due to its short, cool summers. The weather on any given day is very unpredictable. Some winters feature several feet of snow and cold temperatures, while the summers are typically mild but are cool compared to the contiguous US and interior Alaska. Because of Anchorage's high latitude, summer days are very long and winter daylight hours are very short. The longest day of sunlight being 18hrs and 21 minutes, and shortest being 5 hours and 28 minutes. Anchorage is often cloudy during the winter, which decreases the amount of sunlight experienced by residents.

## Temperature
### Averages

Average daytime summer temperatures range from approximately 55 to 78 °F (13 to 26 °C); average daytime winter temperatures are about 5 to 30 °F (−15 to −1 °C). Anchorage has a frost-free growing season that averages slightly over one hundred days. Average January low and high temperatures at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (PANC) are 11 / 23 °F (−11.7 / −5.0 °C) with an average winter snowfall of 75.59 inches, or 1.92 meters. Farther afield at the Campbell Airstrip is another weather station recording colder night temperatures in both summer and winter.
Average July low and high temperatures are 52 / 66 °F (11.1 / 18.9 °C) and the hottest reading ever recorded was 90 °F or 32.2 °C on July 4, 2019.

### Daily record warm minima
## Precipitation
### Rainfall

Between 2000 and 2022 the annual rainfall in Anchorage was 16.7 inches. The months with the highest average mean of rain were August and September, each having an annual mean of 2.75 inches (August) and 3.24 inches (September).

### Snowfall

For snowfall, the annual mean average for 2000 to 2022 was 76.4 inches; the highest snowfall season being 2011 - 2012 with 134.5 inches, and the lowest season being 25.1 inches in 2015.

## Climate change

Based on the ERA5 data published by ECMWF, the annual mean temperature of Anchorage has increased from 0.8 °C in 1940 to 3.8 °C in 2022, an increase of 3 °C. The mayor and the assembly of Anchorage in 2019 issued a climate action plan for the anticipated effects that climate change will have on its city and people. The action plan includes all of the municipality of Anchorage, as far north as Eklutna and as south as Portage. One of the major goals of the climate action plan is to reduce green house gas emissions by 80% by the year 2050 from its 2008 emission levels. The first annual report on this came out in 2021. For its near term plans, the city also introduced a plan called the "Municipality of Anchorage Climate Action Strategy."

## Notable climate events

Due to its proximity to active volcanoes, ash hazards are a significant, though infrequent, occurrence. The most recent notable incident was an August 1992 mark of Mt. Spurr, which is located 78 mi (126 km) west of the city. The eruption deposited about 3 mm (0.12 in) of volcanic ash on the city. The cleanup of ash resulted in excessive demands for water and caused major problems for the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility.
On March 17, 2002, there was a storm that caused 28.6 in of snow to close schools for two days. The storm broke the city record for the most snowfall in a single day. The storm beat the previous record from 1955 on March 16, which was just 15.6 inches. The National Weather Service also recorded this same snow data.

## Classifications

Anchorage Climate according to major climate systems :
| Climatic scheme | Initials | Description |
| Köppen system | Dsc | Continental subarctic climate |
| Trewartha system | E | Boreal climate |
| Alisov system | — | Temperate climate |
| Strahler system | — | Boreal forest climate |
| Thornthwaite system | B1 C'1 | Humid and microthermal |
| Neef system | — | West side/maritime climate |

## Trends in temperature, precipitation, and daylight hours
### NWS office/international airport

Climate data for Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, Alaska (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1953−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 50 (10) | 49 (9) | 53 (12) | 69 (21) | 77 (25) | 85 (29) | 90 (32) | 82 (28) | 73 (23) | 64 (18) | 54 (12) | 51 (11) | 90 (32) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 41.8 (5.4) | 42.7 (5.9) | 44.2 (6.8) | 56.3 (13.5) | 69.5 (20.8) | 74.5 (23.6) | 76.0 (24.4) | 73.7 (23.2) | 65.0 (18.3) | 54.8 (12.7) | 42.7 (5.9) | 42.3 (5.7) | 77.7 (25.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 22.7 (−5.2) | 27.3 (−2.6) | 33.0 (0.6) | 45.1 (7.3) | 56.3 (13.5) | 63.4 (17.4) | 66.2 (19.0) | 64.0 (17.8) | 55.7 (13.2) | 42.0 (5.6) | 28.9 (−1.7) | 25.0 (−3.9) | 44.1 (6.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 16.9 (−8.4) | 21.3 (−5.9) | 25.8 (−3.4) | 37.5 (3.1) | 48.1 (8.9) | 55.9 (13.3) | 59.6 (15.3) | 57.5 (14.2) | 49.3 (9.6) | 36.3 (2.4) | 23.6 (−4.7) | 19.4 (−7.0) | 37.6 (3.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 11.0 (−11.7) | 15.2 (−9.3) | 18.6 (−7.4) | 29.9 (−1.2) | 40.0 (4.4) | 48.4 (9.1) | 52.9 (11.6) | 50.9 (10.5) | 42.9 (6.1) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 18.3 (−7.6) | 13.8 (−10.1) | 31.0 (−0.6) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −9.3 (−22.9) | −3.6 (−19.8) | 1.2 (−17.1) | 17.6 (−8.0) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 40.5 (4.7) | 46.7 (8.2) | 42.7 (5.9) | 30.9 (−0.6) | 16.1 (−8.8) | 0.8 (−17.3) | −4.9 (−20.5) | −13.2 (−25.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) | −28 (−33) | −24 (−31) | −4 (−20) | 17 (−8) | 33 (1) | 36 (2) | 31 (−1) | 19 (−7) | −5 (−21) | −21 (−29) | −30 (−34) | −34 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.75 (19) | 0.86 (22) | 0.69 (18) | 0.43 (11) | 0.65 (17) | 1.02 (26) | 1.82 (46) | 2.93 (74) | 3.10 (79) | 1.82 (46) | 1.19 (30) | 1.16 (29) | 16.42 (417) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 12.4 (31) | 13.4 (34) | 11.0 (28) | 4.0 (10) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 5.6 (14) | 12.6 (32) | 18.2 (46) | 77.9 (198) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 16.4 (42) | 19.0 (48) | 19.9 (51) | 12.7 (32) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.51) | 3.2 (8.1) | 8.8 (22) | 14.7 (37) | 24.5 (62) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.1 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 115.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.8 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 10.8 | 47.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73.4 | 71.4 | 66.1 | 64.3 | 61.6 | 65.6 | 71.4 | 75.1 | 75.9 | 74.5 | 77.1 | 77.1 | 71.1 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 8.1 (−13.3) | 11.1 (−11.6) | 15.4 (−9.2) | 24.1 (−4.4) | 33.4 (0.8) | 42.4 (5.8) | 48.6 (9.2) | 47.8 (8.8) | 40.6 (4.8) | 27.0 (−2.8) | 15.3 (−9.3) | 10.6 (−11.9) | 27.0 (−2.8) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82.9 | 120.5 | 195.8 | 235.3 | 288.7 | 274.7 | 250.1 | 203.9 | 159.8 | 117.1 | 80.6 | 51.8 | 2,061.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 41 | 48 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 48 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 30 | 46 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV) ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Anchorage :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 36.9 (2.8) | 35.8 (2.1) | 36.1 (2.3) | 37.5 (3.0) | 42.4 (5.8) | 47.7 (8.8) | 52.4 (11.3) | 53.1 (11.7) | 51.6 (10.9) | 47.5 (8.6) | 43.0 (6.1) | 39.6 (4.2) | 43.6 (6.5) |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 7.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 12.5 |
| Source: Weather Atlas ||||||||||||||
See or edit raw graph data.

### Campbell airstrip

Climate data for Campbell airstrip (Anchorage Alaska) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 20 (−7) | 26 (−3) | 35 (2) | 45 (7) | 58 (14) | 66 (19) | 68 (20) | 65 (18) | 55 (13) | 41 (5) | 26 (−3) | 22 (−6) | 44 (7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 2 (−17) | 4 (−16) | 9 (−13) | 22 (−6) | 33 (1) | 41 (5) | 47 (8) | 44 (7) | 35 (2) | 22 (−6) | 7 (−14) | 5 (−15) | 23 (−5) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10 (25) | 16 (41) | 18 (46) | 9 (23) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (23) | 11 (28) | 2 (5.1) | 75.2 (191.61) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

### Merrill Field

Climate data for Merrill Field (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1914−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 56 (13) | 57 (14) | 56 (13) | 71 (22) | 92 (33) | 100 (38) | 93 (34) | 90 (32) | 73 (23) | 67 (19) | 62 (17) | 54 (12) | 100 (38) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 42.5 (5.8) | 44.0 (6.7) | 45.2 (7.3) | 58.4 (14.7) | 71.2 (21.8) | 76.7 (24.8) | 79.0 (26.1) | 76.5 (24.7) | 66.2 (19.0) | 56.3 (13.5) | 43.5 (6.4) | 44.5 (6.9) | 80.5 (26.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 22.6 (−5.2) | 28.0 (−2.2) | 34.4 (1.3) | 47.1 (8.4) | 58.4 (14.7) | 65.7 (18.7) | 68.4 (20.2) | 65.7 (18.7) | 56.8 (13.8) | 42.5 (5.8) | 29.0 (−1.7) | 24.7 (−4.1) | 45.3 (7.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 15.4 (−9.2) | 20.2 (−6.6) | 25.6 (−3.6) | 38.8 (3.8) | 49.7 (9.8) | 57.7 (14.3) | 61.1 (16.2) | 58.5 (14.7) | 49.8 (9.9) | 36.4 (2.4) | 22.6 (−5.2) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 37.8 (3.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 8.2 (−13.2) | 12.4 (−10.9) | 16.9 (−8.4) | 30.4 (−0.9) | 41.1 (5.1) | 49.7 (9.8) | 53.9 (12.2) | 51.3 (10.7) | 42.8 (6.0) | 30.3 (−0.9) | 16.3 (−8.7) | 11.3 (−11.5) | 30.4 (−0.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −10.8 (−23.8) | −5.6 (−20.9) | −1.5 (−18.6) | 16.7 (−8.5) | 32.0 (0.0) | 41.9 (5.5) | 47.2 (8.4) | 42.2 (5.7) | 30.3 (−0.9) | 15.7 (−9.1) | −1.1 (−18.4) | −7.3 (−21.8) | −15.0 (−26.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −35 (−37) | −38 (−39) | −20 (−29) | −21 (−29) | 1 (−17) | 29 (−2) | 34 (1) | 31 (−1) | 19 (−7) | −6 (−21) | −22 (−30) | −36 (−38) | −38 (−39) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.46 (12) | 0.71 (18) | 0.54 (14) | 0.30 (7.6) | 0.62 (16) | 0.99 (25) | 1.70 (43) | 2.48 (63) | 3.02 (77) | 1.57 (40) | 0.88 (22) | 0.89 (23) | 14.16 (360) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 109.2 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||