# To Die For

To Die For is a 1995 satirical black comedy film directed by Gus Van Sant. It stars Nicole Kidman, Joaquin Phoenix and Matt Dillon, with Illeana Douglas, Wayne Knight, Casey Affleck, Kurtwood Smith, Dan Hedaya, and Alison Folland in supporting roles. The plot follows Suzanne Stone, an ambitious New Hampshire woman with dreams of becoming a celebrity, who will stop at nothing until she achieves fame on TV. The film's narrative combines a traditional drama with darkly comic direct-to-camera monologues by Kidman's character, and mockumentary interviews, some tragic, with other characters in the film.
To Die For was written by Buck Henry based on Joyce Maynard's novel of the same name, which in turn was inspired by the story of Pamela Smart, a woman who was convicted in 1991 for being an accomplice in a plot to murder her husband. Henry, Maynard, George Segal, and David Cronenberg appear in cameo roles. The film features original music by Danny Elfman.
The film received praise for its satire of the tabloid media, fame, and the true crime genre. The cast was subject to considerable praise, with Kidman earning the best notices in her career at that point. Kidman was nominated for a BAFTA, and won a Golden Globe Award, a Critics' Choice Award, and a Best Actress Award at the 1st Empire Awards for her performance.

## Plot

In the fictional town of Little Hope, New Hampshire, Suzanne Stone is a glamorous and ambitious young woman who has always been obsessed with being on television and aspires to become a world-famous broadcast journalist. She begins a passionate romance with Larry Maretto, an Italian American, of whom her parents disapprove, and the two quickly marry. Despite the differences between their families, the two seemingly settle into married life happily, and Larry promises to support her career ambitions. She uses his family's restaurant business to keep herself financially stable and takes a job as an assistant at WWEN, a local cable station, in hopes of climbing the network ladder. Through relentless persistence, she is eventually promoted to doing the station's evening weather report.
Suzanne goes to a local high school to recruit subjects for a documentary she is producing called “Teens Speak Out.” She immediately attracts two delinquents, Jimmy Emmett and Russel Hines, and befriends Lydia Mertz, a shy and insecure girl who admires Suzanne’s glamor and worldliness. Larry begins pressuring Suzanne to give up her career in favor of helping out at the restaurant and starting a family. As he becomes more insistent, Suzanne views him as an impediment to her desired future and immediately begins plotting his murder. She seduces Jimmy and convinces him to murder Larry by falsely accusing him of abusing her and promising they will have a future together in California once Larry is dead. She also manipulates Lydia into procuring a gun. One night, while Suzanne delivers the evening weather report, Jimmy and Russell break into the Marettos' condo, and Jimmy shoots and kills Larry.
Though Larry's death is ruled the result of a botched burglary, police stumble across a Teens Speak Out clip of Suzanne at their school, which points to her sexual involvement with Jimmy. The teens are arrested and connected to the crime scene. Lydia makes a deal with police to converse with Suzanne while wearing a wire, and Suzanne unwittingly reveals her hand in the murder. However, despite this damning evidence, she argues that the police resorted to entrapment and is released on bail. All the charges against Suzanne are dropped. Basking in the media spotlight, however, Suzanne fabricates a story about Larry being a cocaine addict who was murdered by Jimmy and Russell, his purported dealers. Jimmy and Russell are sentenced to life in prison. Russell gets his sentence reduced while Lydia is released on probation. Meanwhile, Larry's father, Joe, realizes Suzanne was behind his son's death and uses his mafia connections to have her murdered. A hitman lures Suzanne away from her home by posing as a movie studio executive, kills her, and conceals her body beneath a frozen lake.
Lydia tells her side of the story in a televised interview and gains national attention, becoming a celebrity. Janice, Larry's sister who always hated Suzanne, practices her figure skating on the frozen lake where Suzanne's corpse lies.

## Cast

* Nicole Kidman as Suzanne Stone-Maretto
** Amber-Lee Campbell as Suzanne at 6 years old
* Joaquin Phoenix as Jimmy Emmett
* Matt Dillon as Larry Maretto
* Casey Affleck as Russell Hines
* Illeana Douglas as Janice Maretto
* Alison Folland as Lydia Mertz
* Dan Hedaya as Joe Maretto
* Maria Tucci as Angela Maretto
* Wayne Knight as Ed Grant
* Kurtwood Smith as Earl Stone
* Holland Taylor as Carol Stone
* Susan Traylor as Fay Stone
* Tim Hopper as Mike Warden
* Michael Rispoli as Ben DeLuca
* Buck Henry as Mr. H. Finlaysson
* Gerry Quigley as George
* David Cronenberg as Man at lake
* Joyce Maynard as Lawyer
* George Segal as Conference Speaker (uncredited)

## Production
### Development and casting

Joyce Maynard's book To Die For was published in 1992. Maynard loosely based the novel on the facts that emerged during the trial of Pamela Smart, a school media services coordinator who was imprisoned for seducing a 16-year-old student and convincing him to kill her husband. The trial had gained considerable media attention because it was one of the first in the U.S. to allow TV cameras in the courtroom. The book came to the attention of producer Laura Ziskin, who passed it along to Amy Pascal, then an executive vice-president of Columbia Pictures, and the studio bought the rights.
Ziskin pitched the film to director Gus Van Sant, who himself had been interested in working with screenwriter Buck Henry. Van Sant enlisted cinematographer Eric Alan Edwards and editor Curtiss Clayton, his previous collaborators on Drugstore Cowboy, My Own Private Idaho, and Even Cowgirls Get the Blues.
   Buck [Henry] turned it into more of a satirical comedy. He was also a huge student of the media — 24-hour cable news, like CNN, was becoming popular. The Tonya Harding scandal happened while Buck was writing. Court TV had also just become popular. Suddenly you could see people like Woody Allen and Marlon Brando in court on live TV. Buck was very into all of this.
The studio envisioned Meg Ryan in the role of Suzanne Stone, but Ryan felt that playing a villainous character would be too edgy for her romantic comedy image at the time. Nicole Kidman, who had been wanting to return to more auteur-driven projects after working in big-budget films like Days of Thunder and Far and Away, lobbied Van Sant for the role and convinced him she was right for the character. "I knew Gus' work from seeing Drugstore Cowboy at an art cinema in Sydney. Those kind of films were basically my cinematic pull", she said. Others who expressed interest in the role were Patricia Arquette and Ellen DeGeneres. Ultimately, Ryan turned down the $5 million salary offered and Kidman was cast for $2 million.
For the role of Jimmy Emmett, Johnny Galecki, Edward Furlong, and Giovanni Ribisi were considered. Matt Damon read for the part and though he had impressed Van Sant in his audition, he was also considered too old to play a teen and had too much of an "all-American" look. The role went to Joaquin Phoenix, whom Van Sant had known from working with Phoenix's late brother River on My Own Private Idaho. For the role of Russel Hines, Damon recommended Casey Affleck, the younger brother of his best friend, Ben Affleck. A number of actresses including Sandra Bullock, Janeane Garofalo, Jennifer Tilly, and DeGeneres read for the role of Janice Maretto before Illeana Douglas was cast.

### Filming

The film was primarily shot in the Port Hope area in Toronto. Principal photography took place from April to June 1994. High school scenes at "Little Hope High" were filmed at King City Secondary School in King City, Ontario, and some actual students of the school were cast as extras.
The honeymoon scenes with Larry and Suzanne were filmed in the Tampa Bay area of Florida.

## Reception
### Critical reception

The film was screened out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. To Die For was very well-received by critics, with Nicole Kidman's performance being especially praised. The film holds an 89% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, where the consensus reads "Smart, funny, and thoroughly well-cast, To Die For takes a sharp – and sadly prescient – stab at dissecting America's obsession with celebrity." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 86 out of 100 based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."
In her review in The New York Times, Janet Maslin called the film "an irresistible black comedy and a wicked delight" and added, "[it] takes aim at tabloid ethics and hits a solid bull's-eye, with Ms. Kidman's teasingly beautiful Suzanne as the most alluring of media-mad monsters. The target is broad, but Gus Van Sant's film is too expertly sharp and funny for that to matter; instead, it shows off this director's slyness better than any of his work since Drugstore Cowboy ... Both Mr. Van Sant and Ms. Kidman have reinvented themselves miraculously for this occasion, which brings out the best in all concerned."
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, in a review that awarded the film 3 and ½ out of 4 stars, wrote: "'To Die For' is the kind of movie that's merciless with its characters, and Kidman is superb at making Suzanne into someone who is not only stupid, vain and egomaniacal (we've seen that before) but also vulnerably human. She represents, on a large scale, feelings we have all had in smaller and sneakier ways."
Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said of Kidman, "[she] brings to the role layers of meaning, intention and impulse. Telling her story in close-up – as she does throughout the film – Kidman lets you see the calculation, the wheels turning, the transparent efforts to charm that succeed in charming all the same ... her beauty and magnetism are electric. Undeniably she belongs on camera, which means it's equally undeniable that Suzanne belongs on camera. That in itself is an irony, a commentary, or both."
The film's focus on the three teenagers who are ensnared by Suzanne's plot also received praise. The Los Angeles Times' Kenneth Turan wrote that Van Sant adds his "trademark absurdist sensibility to the mix as well as an empathy for inarticulate, inchoate teen-agers that turns out to give this film a good deal of its impact". Turan concluded: "The most accurate assault against the media age since 'Network,' 'To Die For's killer lines and wicked sensibility are given added poignancy by the off-center, sensitive performance of Joaquin Phoenix, River's younger brother, the only person more deluded about Suzanne than she is about herself." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote "Folland and Affleck skillfully capture the pang of adolescence among no-hopers."
Katherine Ramsland of Crime Library discussed the film as an example of a work displaying women with antisocial personalities, with Suzanne in particular described as a "manipulator extraordinaire" who harms people through third parties. The character of Suzanne Stone has been described as suffering from narcissistic personality disorder in the scientific journal BMC Psychiatry.
Writing in 2007, Emanuel Levy stated, "mean-spirited satire, told in mock-tabloid style, this film features the best performance of Nicole Kidman to date (better than The Hours for which she won an Oscar), as an amoral small-town girl obsessed with becoming a TV star."

### Box office

The film grossed $21 million in the United States and Canada and $41 million worldwide.

### Accolades

| Award | Date | Category | Recipient | Result |
| American Comedy Awards | February 11, 1996 | Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) | Nicole Kidman | Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards | April 23, 1996 | Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role | Nicole Kidman | Nominated |
| Boston Society of Film Critics Awards | December 17, 1995 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| Chlotrudis Awards | 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Nominated |
| Chlotrudis Awards | 1996 | Best Supporting Actor | Joaquin Phoenix | Nominated |
| Chlotrudis Awards | 1996 | Best Supporting Actress | Illeana Douglas | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Awards | January 22, 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| Edgar Awards | 1996 | Best Motion Picture Screenplay | Buck Henry | Nominated |
| Empire Awards | 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| Golden Globe Awards | January 21, 1996 | Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| London Film Critics' Circle Awards | March 8, 1996 | Actress of the Year | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| National Society of Film Critics Awards | January 3, 1996 | Best Supporting Actress | Illeana Douglas | 3rd place |
| New York Film Critics Circle Awards | January 7, 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | runner-up |
| Saturn Awards | June 25, 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Nominated |
| Saturn Awards | June 25, 1996 | Best Supporting Actress | Illeana Douglas | Nominated |
| Seattle International Film Festival | May 18–June 11, 1995 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards | 1996 | Best Actress | Nicole Kidman | Won |
| Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards | 1996 | Best Picture | Best Picture | 9th place |
American Film Institute recognition:
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
** Suzanne Stone – Nominated Villain
* AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated

## Home media

To Die For was released on VHS following its theatrical release and on DVD on November 10, 1998. It was released on Blu-ray on November 8, 2011. A 4K remaster of the film was released by The Criterion Collection on Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 26, 2024.