# Chapais, Quebec

Chapais (French pronunciation: ) is a community in the Canadian province of Quebec, located on Route 113 near Chibougamau in the Jamésie region. It is surrounded by, but not a part of, the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay. The community was first settled in 1929, when prospector Léo Springer discovered deposits of copper, silver and gold in the area. Named for Thomas Chapais, it was incorporated as a city in 1955.

## History

Opémisca Copper Mines operated the community's mine until 1991. More recently, with the closure of the mines, the community's primary industry has been forestry. The community opened the first cogeneration plant in Quebec to produce electricity from the sawmill's waste matter.
On the night of January 1, 1980, at 1:30 a.m., 48 people were killed when a fire destroyed the Opémiska Community Hall. Fifty others were injured and rushed to Chibougamau hospital. This fire was the worst to occur in Quebec for more than 40 years. The fire started in wreaths of dried branches and other Christmas decorations, and the ensuing chaos that followed quickly blocked access to the main entrance. Several people managed to escape in time, but the tragedy left deep scars in the community.
Chapais had a population of 1,468 in the Canada 2021 Census.
A crater on Mars is named after this community.
The community, and the efforts of its residents to keep it alive in the face of economic decline, are profiled in the 2013 documentary film Waiting for Spring (En attendant le printemps).

## Geography
### Climate

Chapais has a marginal subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), slightly colder than the humid continental (Köppen: Dfb) areas to the south. While winters are bitterly cold, summers are relatively warm during daytime, though nights remain relatively cool. As such, the yearly mean is just above freezing. Summers have high rainfall and winters are quite snowy.
Climate data for Chapais (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 9.0 (48.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 31.5 (88.7) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.0 (95.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 29.0 (84.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.0 (51.8) | 35.0 (95.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) | −10.3 (13.5) | −3.3 (26.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 6.7 (44.1) | −1.9 (28.6) | −9.3 (15.3) | 5.4 (41.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) | −16.2 (2.8) | −9.5 (14.9) | −0.3 (31.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 15.0 (59.0) | 9.7 (49.5) | 3.1 (37.6) | −5.2 (22.6) | −13.6 (7.5) | 0.2 (32.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −24.2 (−11.6) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −15.5 (4.1) | −5.7 (21.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | −8.5 (16.7) | −18 (0) | −4.9 (23.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −43.3 (−45.9) | −42.8 (−45.0) | −38 (−36) | −27.2 (−17.0) | −16.1 (3.0) | −5.6 (21.9) | −0.6 (30.9) | −2.2 (28.0) | −6 (21) | −13.3 (8.1) | −30 (−22) | −42 (−44) | −43.3 (−45.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.9 (2.44) | 39.4 (1.55) | 50.3 (1.98) | 56.6 (2.23) | 82.4 (3.24) | 100.1 (3.94) | 124.3 (4.89) | 100.2 (3.94) | 129.7 (5.11) | 93.9 (3.70) | 93.2 (3.67) | 63.5 (2.50) | 995.5 (39.19) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) | 2.4 (0.09) | 8.8 (0.35) | 28.7 (1.13) | 75.5 (2.97) | 100.1 (3.94) | 124.3 (4.89) | 100.2 (3.94) | 128.6 (5.06) | 70.9 (2.79) | 36.7 (1.44) | 5.0 (0.20) | 684.4 (26.93) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 58.8 (23.1) | 37.0 (14.6) | 41.6 (16.4) | 29.5 (11.6) | 6.9 (2.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.2 (0.5) | 23.0 (9.1) | 56.5 (22.2) | 58.5 (23.0) | 313.0 (123.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 18.1 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 14.8 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 20.2 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 200.9 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.55 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 6.7 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 20.1 | 14.5 | 6.1 | 1.3 | 117.15 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 18.0 | 12.9 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.47 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 18.5 | 94.17 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 90 | 122 | 170 | 164 | 202 | 234 | 233 | 208 | 113 | 84 | 46 | 66 | 1,732 |
| Source 1: Environment Canada ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Weather Network(sunshine data only). ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Chapais had a population of 1,468 living in 648 of its 711 total private dwellings, a change of -2.1% from its 2016 population of 1,499. With a land area of 62.31 km$^2$ (24.06 sq mi), it had a population density of 23.6/km$^2$ (61.0/sq mi) in 2021.
Population:
* Population in 2021: 1,468
** 2016 to 2021 population change: −2.1%
* Population in 2016: 1,499
* Population in 2011: 1,610
* Population in 2006: 1,630
* Population in 2001: 1,795
* Population in 1996: 2,030
* Population in 1991: 2,391
* Population in 1986: 2,875
* Population in 1981: 3,119
* Population in 1976: 3,147
* Population in 1971: 2,914
* Population in 1966: 2,459
* Population in 1961: 2,363
* Population in 1956: 380
Mother tongue:
* English as first language: 3.7%
* French as first language: 89.5%
* English and French as first language: 1%
* Other as first language: 5.1%