# Not-deer

Not-deer are legendary creatures or cryptids said to live in Appalachia, particularly in Western North Carolina, United States. They are said to resemble white-tailed deer at a glance, but upon closer inspection exhibit strange features such as unnatural proportions, strange eyes, and disjointed limbs. They are also described as exhibiting unusual behavior such as unnatural movement, staring blankly into the distance, and showing no fear of humans. It is likely that stories of the creatures were based on encounters with deer infected with chronic wasting disease or epizootic hemorrhagic disease, neurological diseases common in deer.
The myth originated as a local story from Boone, North Carolina, before gaining more widespread popularity online in the 2020s through platforms like 4chan, Tumblr, Reddit, and TikTok.

## Description

Not-deer are described as similar to white-tailed deer in appearance, but often having slight, almost imperceptible differences that make them uncanny. The exact differences described are not consistent, but often include strange eyes, such as forward-facing eyes like a predator or perhaps a human-like intelligence in their stare. They may also have unnatural movements or joints that bend incorrectly and are sometimes described as carnivorous. The sounds made by the not-deer are described as a clicking sound. They are consistently described as deeply unsettling those who view them. Unlike some other cryptids, not-deer are not described as a single monster but rather a type of creature.

## Background

The folklore of Appalachia, a region located in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, features various mythical creatures or cryptids. Creatures such as the wampus cat and Mothman are derived from existing fauna of the region. According to Carl Lindahl, a folklorist at the University of Houston, Appalachia is home to many such legends due in part to the abundance of natural landscapes in the region. Speaking to National Geographic, horror author Leslie J. Anderson stated:
   In the Appalachians, with all the hollows (and hollers) and thickly wooded slopes, the little springs rising unexpectedly out of dark holes and vanishing again—that's a landscape full of hidden things. That's a place where the Devil can pace and strange lights can lead you astray, where you might see something that looks like a deer but doesn't move like a deer. It’s fertile ground for fear. But people still have to live here, so we get stories about what to do when you meet the Devil or the not-deer, and the cautionary tales about what happened to people who didn't do the right things. It's endlessly fertile ground for storytellers, that's for sure.
The not-deer is an example of a cryptid not characterized as an entirely unknown creature (such as Bigfoot), but rather a creature defined in contrast to normal deer. Prior to 2019, not-deer stories existed only in the area surrounding Boone, North Carolina. Stephen Gencarella, a folklorist from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and living in Connecticut, stated that the cryptid did not have any presence in the folklore of Connecticut, another state in the eastern United States. This was corroborated by Russ Miller, who hosts a show called Nature Folk about the intersection of science and folklore in Connecticut.
Gencarella stated that reports of deer behaving strangely had increased in Connecticut in the 2020s, corresponding to outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease. He hypothesized that such a disease likely served as the inspiration for stories about not-deer in North Carolina. Writing for Skeptical Inquirer, journalist Autumn Sword compared the symptoms of epizootic hemorrhagic disease and chronic wasting disease, two neurological diseases common in deer, with reports of not-deer. She concluded that the symptoms of the diseases corresponded to many of the claimed attributes of not-deer, including blank stares, listlessness, repetitively walking in circles, swollen necks and heads, and a lack of fear of humans.

### Online popularity

In 2019, a Tumblr user named Will-o-the-Witch made a post about not-deer, describing them as creatures that appear similar to deer but look uncanny upon closer inspection. In the post she said that the creature is known to everyone in Appalachia, but in a Reddit post later said that this was a hyperbole. She clarified that she knew of the cryptid from the area surrounding Boone, North Carolina. Prior to the Tumblr post, not-deer were only part of the local folklore of Boone, but they quickly gained popularity online in the 2020s due to the post. By 2021, the hashtag #notdeer had millions of views on TikTok and a subreddit called r/notdeer was created.
Following the creature's increase in popularity online, some Internet users began claiming that the creature is from Native American folklore, being either a skin-walker (a witch from Navajo folklore) or a Wendigo (an evil spirit from Algonquian folklore). However, neither of these myths originate from Appalachia and they bear very little resemblance to the myths of not-deer.