# Battle of Vianden

The Battle of Vianden alternatively called Battle of Vianden Castle took place November 19, 1944 in the small town of Vianden, in northern Luxembourg. It was one of the most important battles of the Luxembourg Resistance during World War II.

## Prelude

While the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg had been liberated by U.S. Army forces in September 1944, the German troops pulled back to Germany and took up new defensive positions along the border rivers Moselle, Sauer and Our. As soon as the country was liberated, Luxembourgish resistance members formed a militia across the country and were equipped with arms and ammunition by the United States Army. Often agents would be up on the castle walls observing the German lines through binoculars on the other side of the river.
Most of the Luxembourgish militia took up positions at the German border and occupied the important observation posts along the Rivers Our and Sauer. One of the most important posts was Vianden Castle from which the Luxembourgers could look deep into German territory and report German troop movements to the Allied Forces. Vianden Castle was described by one German General as a massive gothic fortress towering over the valley.

### First action

On the 15th of November, Luxembourgish militia members spotted a German patrol between Wiesen and Bettel and decided to strike. Five of the eleven German soldiers in the patrol were killed by the Luxembourgers, who suffered no casualties. After this incident the German command decided to recapture the castle of Vianden.
The leader of the resistance, Victor Abens, evacuated the civilians of Vianden but nevertheless decided that his 30 militiamen should remain in the town and castle, to defend them. Over the following days, the U.S. Army supported the Luxembourgers in Vianden with weapons and ammunition, before leaving the town.

## Battle

It was decided earlier that based on reconnaissance, an artillery barrage followed by a frontal assault would be the best way to take the castle. On Sunday morning, 19 November, the Germans attacked the town with 250 soldiers of the Waffen-SS. After bombarding the town and the castle with artillery the German soldiers began to attack the castle itself, which was defended by four militiamen. They slowly pushed across the river and attempted to fight their way up to the castle. Germans took many casualties during this frontal assault, but were able to reach the castle gates.
The militia was able to hold out against the superior German force for many hours, despite poor numbers and equipment. After heavy fighting, six German soldiers breached castle gate, only to be involved in close quarters combat inside the castle. After sustaining several casualties, the Germans withdrew from the castle and concentrated their force on the town. They attempted to avoid the castle and clear the town, going door-to-door to flush out dug-in militia members. Ultimately, the strong resistance offered by the militia forced the Germans to abandon their assault and withdraw across the river to Germany.

## Aftermath

Eighteen German soldiers were killed during the main battle. The 30 men of the Luxembourgish militia suffered only one dead, with three being seriously wounded, and three more slightly wounded. A single civilian was killed when a grenade exploded in her home.
When the Germans launched the Battle of the Bulge a month later, the 30 men of the Luxembourgish militia, being hopelessly outnumbered, abandoned Vianden and withdrew to the unoccupied south of the country. Most of them continued their engagement by helping U.S. forces during the battle.