# 1929 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1929.

## Plants
### Ferns and fern allies

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Asplenium occidentale | Sp nov | Jr synonym | Berry | Miocene Langhian | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A spleenwort species. A jr homonym of Asplenium occidentale Knowlton (1917) Moved to Osmunda occidentale (1940) | Osmunda occidentale |
| Woodsia bonseri | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene Langhian | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A woodsia fern species. | Woodsia bonseri |
| Woodwardia praeradicans | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene Langhian | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A chain fern species. | Woodwardia praeradicans |

### Conifers

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Pinus latahensis | Sp nov | Valid | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | A 5-needle pine species | Pinus latahensis |
| Pinus macrophylla | Sp nov | Homonym | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | A 3-needle pine species. Jr homonym of Pinus macrophylla Lindley, 1839 | Pinus macrophylla |
| Pinus monticolensis | Sp nov | Valid | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | A pine seed morphospecies | Pinus monticolensis |
| Pinus tetrafolia | Sp nov | nomen dubium | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | A punitive 4-needle pine species Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species" | Pinus tetrafolia |
| Tsuga latahensis | Sp nov | Valid? | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First described as a hemlock conescale. Suggested to be a bud scale in 1937. Treated as an incertae sedis plant by Chaney & Axelrod (1959). | Tsuga latahensis |

### Angiosperms
#### Monocots

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
| Potamogeton heterophylloides | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A pondweed species Moved to Keteleeria heterophylloides (1935) | Keteleeria heterophylloides |

#### Magnoliids

| Name | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Liriodendron hesperia | Sp nov | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A Liriodendron species | Liriodendron hesperia |
| Sassafras hesperia | Sp nov | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | A Sassafras species | Sassafras hesperia |
| Umbellularia dayana | Comb nov | (Knowlton) Berry | Miocene | Mascall Formation | USA Oregon | An Umbellularia species Moved from Salix dayana (1902) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952) | Umbellularia saliciformis |
| Umbellularia lanceolata | Sp nov | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | An Umbellularia species later moved to Persea lanceolata (1946) | Persea lanceolata |

### Superasterids - basal

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
| Arctostaphylos knowltoni | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | First named as a bearberry species Species synonymized into Vaccinium sophoroides (1937) | Vaccinium sophoroides |
| Arctostaphylos spatulata | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A bearberry species | Arctostaphylos spatulata |
| Cornus acuminata | Sp nov | Homonym | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | | A Schoepfia species jr homonym of ''Cornus acuminata'' (Weber) Renamed Cornus republicensis in 1944 Moved to Schoepfia republicensis in 1987 | Schoepfia republicensis |
| Gordonia pteraformis | Comb nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | Suggested as a possible Gordonia species Moved from Carpolithes pteraformis 1929 Moved to Cedrela pteraformis (1935) | Cedrela pteraformis |
| Nyssa knowltoni | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A Nyssa species Species synonymized into Ptelea miocenica (1931) | Ptelea miocenica |
| Nyssa magnifica | Comb nov | valid | (Knowlton) Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A Nyssa species Moved from Carpites magnifica (1926) | Nyssa magnifica |
| Ternstroemites idahoensis | Comb nov | | (Knowlton) Berry | Miocene | Payette Formation | USA Idaho | | A theaceous species Moved from Myrica? idahoensis (1919) Moved to Gordonia idahoensis 1929 | |
| Vaccinium americanum | Comb et Syn nov | valid? | (Lesquereux) Berry | Miocene | Mascall Formation | USA Oregon | Salix pseudoargentea (1902) Vaccinium salicoides (1926) | A Vaccinium species Moved from Santalum americanum (1883) Two species synonymized Vaccinium salicoides resurrected as incertae sedis (1959) | Vaccinium salicoides |
| Vaccinium bonseri | Sp et "var" nov | valid | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A Vaccinium species One variety named V. bonseri serrulatum | Vaccinium bonseri |
| Vaccinium spokanense | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A Vaccinium species | Salix spokanensis |

### Superasterids - euasterids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Apocynophyllum latahense | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A apocynaceous species Moved to Magnolia latahensis | Magnolia latahensis |
| Porana microcalyx | Comb nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | Redescribed as a Porana species Moved from Diospyros? microcalyx (1926) Moved to Remberella microcalyx (2024) | Remberella microcalyx |
| Umbelliferospermum | Gen et Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | An apiaceous fruit genus The type species is U. latahense | Umbelliferospermum latahense |
| Viburnum fernquisti | Sp nov | valid | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A Viburnum seed morphospecies | Viburnum fernquisti |
| Viburnum lantanafolium | Sp nov | valid | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A Viburnum leaf morphospecies | Viburnum lantanafolium |

### Superrosids - Basal

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
| Menziesia knowltoni | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | A Menziesia species | Rhododendron knowltoni |
| Ribes fernquisti | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | First named as a gooseberry species Renamed and moved to Viburnum ribesiforme (1944) | Viburnum ribesiforme |

### Superrosids - Fabids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Alnus elliptica | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Eocene Ypresian | Klondike Mountain Formation | USA Washington | An alder species Synonymized into Alnus parvifolia (1987) | Alnus parvifolia |
| Alnus prerhombifolia | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | An alder species Synonymized into Alnus carpinoides (1937) Synonymized into Alnus hollandiana (1959) | Alnus hollandiana |
| Amygdalus alexanderi | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as an Amygdalus species Synonymized into Fagus washoensis (1937) | |
| Cassia sophoroides | Comb nov | jr synonym | (Knowlton) Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | Recombined as a Cassia species Moved from Phyllites sophoroides (1926) Moved to Vaccinium sophoroides (1937) | Vaccinium sophoroides |
| Cassia spokanensis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a Cassia species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935) | Cedrela pteraformis |
| Celastrus spokanensis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a staff vine species Synonymized into Gordonia idahoensis (1959) | Gordonia idahoensis |
| Cercocarpus praeledifolius | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A mountain mahogany species | Cercocarpus praeledifolius |
| Comptonia hesperia | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A sweet fern species | Comptonia hesperia |
| Cucurbita glandulosa | Sp nov | jr synonym | Brown | Eocene Ypresian | Green River Formation | United States ( Colorado) | First identified as a gourd seed morphotype Moved to Punctaphyllum glandulosum in 2023 | |
| Euonymus knowltoni | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A Euonymus species | Hydrangea knowltoni |
| Hibiscus? occidentalis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a possible Hibiscus seed species Moved to Mentzelia occidentalis (1935) | Mentzelia occidentalis |
| Leguminosites alexanderi | Sp nov | | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A fabaceous fruit species of uncertain affinity | Leguminosites alexanderi |
| Leguminosites bonseri | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a fabaceous species of uncertain affinity Synonymized into Umbellularia dayana (1937) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952) | Umbellularia saliciformis |
| Meibomites knowltoni | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a fabaceous species Synonymized into Exbucklandia oregonensis (1946) | Exbucklandia oregonensis |
| Menispermites latahensis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a menispermaceous species Synonymized into Vitis washingtonensis (1937) | Vitis washingtonensis |
| Quercus treleasii | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as an oak species Synonymized into Sophora spokanensis (1937) | Sophora spokanensis |
| Rhamnus spokanensis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a buckthorn species Moved to Salix spokanensis (1937) | Salix spokanensis |

### Superrosids - Malvids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Aesculus hesperia | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a horse chestnut species Synonymized into Viburnum lantanafolium (1937) | Viburnum lantanafolium |
| Sapindus armstrongi | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1937) | Cedrela pteraformis |
| Sapindus spokanensis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935) | |
| Tilia hesperia | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | A Tilia species Synonymized into Tilia aspera (1935) | Tilia aspera |

### incertae sedis

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
| Carpolithus pteraformis | Sp nov | jr synonym | Berry | Miocene | Latah Formation | USA Washington | | First named as a seed of uncertain affinity Moved to Gordonia pteraformis later in 1929 Moved to Cedrela pteraformis (1935) | Cedrela pteraformis |

## Arthropods
### Crustaceans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Cycloprosopon | | | Lorenthey & Beurlen | | | | | |

### Insects

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Permotipula | | Valid | Tillyard | Permian Changhsingian - Wuchiapingian | Newcastle Coal Measures | Australia New South Wales | A protodipteran scorpionfly | |

## Dinosaurs

* Barosaurus gastroliths documented.

### New taxa

| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Anodontosaurus inceptus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Sternberg | Maastrichtian | Horseshoe Canyon Formation | Alberta | An ankylosaurid |
| Antarctosaurus wichmannianus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Huene | Campanian | Anacleto Formation | Argentina | A titanosaur |
| Antarctosaurus giganteus | Sp. nov. | Valid | Huene | Campanian | Anacleto Formation | Argentina | A species of Antarctosaurus |
| Campylodon ameghinoi | Gen. et sp. nov. | Preoccupied | Huene | Cenomanian | Bajo Barreal Formation | Argentina | A titanosaur preoccupied by Campylodon Dumeril, 1852 and moved to Campylodoniscus in 1961 |
| Helopus zdanskyi | Gen. et sp. nov. | Preoccupied | Wiman | Barremian-Aptian | Mengyin Formation | China | A sauropod preoccupied by Helopus Wagler and moved to Euhelopus in 1956 |
| Laplatasaurus araukanicus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | von Huene | Campanian | Allen Formation | Argentina | A titanosaur |
| Loricosaurus scutatus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | von Huene | Campanian | Allen Formation | Argentina | A titanosaur |
| Paranthodon owenii | Gen. et sp. nov. | Jr. synonym | Nopcsa | Berriasian | Kirkwood Formation | South Africa | A stegosaur now named Paranthodon africanus |
| Rhodanosaurus ludgunensis | Gen et sp nov | Nomen dubium | Nopcsa | Campanian | Gres a Reptiles | France | A nodosaurid. |
| Tanius sinensis | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Wiman | Campanian | Jingangkou Formation | China | A hadrosauroid |

## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Eoarctops | Gen et sp nov | jr synonym | Haughton | Permian Capitanian | | South Africa | A gorgonopsid therapsid. The type species is E. vanderbyli A jr synonym of Eriphostoma microdon | Eriphostoma microdon |
| Hipposaurus | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Haughton | Permian Capitanian | Beaufort Group Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone | South Africa | A biarmosuchian therapsid. The type species is H. boonstrai | Hipposaurus boonstrai |
| Scullya | Sp nov | nomen dubium | Broom | | | | A titanosuchid dinocephalian | |
| Styracocephalus | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Haughton | Permian Capitanian | | South Africa | A tapinocephalian therapsid | Styracocephalus |

## Other animals

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Rangea | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Gürich | Ediacaran | | Namibia | The type species is R. schneiderhoehni | |