# City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane; Afrikaans: Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane), also known as the City of Tshwane (/tswɑːnɪ/), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa. The metropolitan area is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area.

## History

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was established on 5 December 2000, comprising 13 former city and town councils and managed under an executive mayoral system.
The Metsweding District Municipality was incorporated into the municipality with effect from 18 May 2011 (the date of the 2011 municipal elections).

## Geography

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality's land area increased from 2,198 square kilometres (849 sq mi) in 2010 to 6,368 square kilometres (2,459 sq mi) after the incorporation of Metsweding, making it the largest Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa.
The Tswaing crater is in the northwest of Soshanguve.

### Constituent areas

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality consists of the following areas:
* Akasia
* Atteridgeville
* Bronberg
* Bronkhorstspruit
* Centurion
* Crocodile River
* Cullinan/Rayton/Refilwe
* Eersterust
* Ekangala
* Elands River
* Ga-Rankuwa
* Hammanskraal
* Laudium
* Mabopane
* Mamelodi
* Olievenhoutbosch
* Pretoria
* Soshanguve
* Rethabiseng
* Roodeplaat
* Soshanguve
* Temba
* Winterveld
* Zithobeni

### Main places

The 2011 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Area (sq mi) | Population | Most spoken language |
| Akasia | 799037 | 80.84 | 31.21 | 59,455 | Tswana 24% Afrikaans 23% Pedi 12% English 10% |
| Atteridgeville | 799056 | 9.84 | 3.80 | 64,425 | Pedi 41% Tswana 17% Sotho 12% |
| Baviaanspoort | 799045 | 13.85 | 5.35 | 2,456 | Afrikaans 32% Pedi 26% |
| Bon Accord | 799036 | 15.85 | 6.12 | 2,270 | Afrikaans 33% English 14% Pedi 13% Tsonga 11% |
| Boschkop | 799067 | 29.28 | 11.31 | 623 | Ndebele 25% Afrikaans 23% |
| Bronkhorstspruit | 799072 | 34.00 | 13.13 | 12,470 | Afrikaans 47% Ndebele 10% English 10% |
| Bultfontein | 799013 | 92.48 | 35.71 | 2,147 | Afrikaans 61% |
| Centurion | 799059 | 394.88 | 152.46 | 236,580 | Afrikaans 49% English 26% |
| Cullinan | 799049 | 55.66 | 21.49 | 8,693 | Afrikaans 49% Pedi 16% |
| Dilopye | 799025 | 7.45 | 2.88 | 3,874 | Tswana 58% Pedi 14% Tsonga 10% |
| Donkerhoek | 799051 | 22.33 | 8.62 | 3,472 | Pedi 28% Zulu 13% Afrikaans 12% Tsonga 12% Ndebele 11% |
| Eersterust | 799047 | 6.05 | 2.34 | 29,676 | Afrikaans 78% English 11% |
| Ekangala | 799054 | 46.05 | 17.78 | 48,493 | Zulu 33% Ndebele 29% Pedi 15% |
| Ga-Rankuwa | 799034 | 52.18 | 20.15 | 90,945 | Tswana 69% |
| Haakdoornboom | 799020 | 101.60 | 39.23 | 4,309 | Afrikaans 50% |
| Hammanskraal | 799012 | 7.60 | 2.93 | 21,345 | Tswana 46% Pedi 18% Tsonga 15% |
| Hebron | 799033 | 1.02 | 0.39 | 2,321 | Tswana 41% Pedi 17% Tsonga 15% |
| Kameeldrift | 799043 | 32.76 | 12.65 | 6,727 | Pedi 29% Afrikaans 28% |
| Kekana Garden | 799010 | 2.61 | 1.01 | 15,709 | Pedi 34% Tswana 31% Tsonga 13% |
| Kungwini Part 2 | 799065 | 8.60 | 3.32 | 8,738 | Afrikaans 54% English 25% |
| Laudium | 799058 | 6.07 | 2.34 | 19,102 | English 77% Afrikaans 12% |
| Mabopane | 799080 | 42.20 | 16.29 | 110,972 | Tswana 59% Pedi 10% |
| Majaneng | 799004 | 5.79 | 2.24 | 9,972 | Tswana 31% Pedi 24% Tsonga 18% |
| Mamelodi | 799046 | 45.19 | 17.45 | 334,577 | Pedi 42% Zulu 12% Tsonga 11% |
| Mandela Village | 799011 | 3.72 | 1.44 | 7,305 | Tswana 28% Tsonga 22% Pedi 21% |
| Marokolong | 799009 | 6.65 | 2.57 | 17,455 | Tswana 29% Pedi 22% Tsonga 21% |
| Mashemong | 799005 | 5.55 | 2.14 | 14,118 | Tswana 36% Pedi 24% Tsonga 19% |
| Mooiplaas | 799052 | 56.69 | 21.89 | 14,979 | Pedi 25% non-official languages 20% Tsonga 14% Ndebele 10% |
| Nellmapius | 799053 | 13.03 | 5.03 | 56,111 | Pedi 35% Zulu 13% |
| New Eersterus | 799023 | 23.64 | 9.13 | 35,059 | Tswana 28% Pedi 22% Tsonga 22% Ndebele 10% |
| Olievenhoutbosch | 799078 | 11.39 | 4.40 | 70,863 | Pedi 33% Zulu 14% |
| Onverwacht | 799028 | 1.24 | 0.48 | 1,518 | Afrikaans 29% Pedi 29% Sotho 15% |
| Pretoria | 799035 | 687.54 | 265.46 | 741,651 | Afrikaans 48% English 16% |
| Ramotse | 799002 | 6.00 | 2.32 | 15,760 | Tswana 30% Pedi 22% Tsonga 19% Ndebele 11% |
| Rayton | 799050 | 145.99 | 56.37 | 8,166 | Afrikaans 59% Pedi 11% |
| Refilwe | 799048 | 2.22 | 0.86 | 19757 | Pedi 52% Zulu 10% |
| Rethabiseng | 799055 | 1.75 | 0.681.75 | 10,964 | Zulu 32% Ndebele 31% Pedi 13% |
| Roodepoort B | 799062 | 24.33 | 9.39 | 1,915 | Afrikaans 42% |
| Saulsville | 799057 | 8.66 | 3.34 | 105,208 | Pedi 45% Tsonga 15% |
| Soshanguve | 799021 | 126.77 | 48.95 | 403,162 | Pedi 28% Tswana 17% Tsonga 15% Zulu 14% |
| Soutpan | 799022 | 12.75 | 4.92 | 2,157 | Tsonga 29% Tswana 28% Pedi 17% |
| Stinkwater | 799024 | 0.13 | 0.050 | 39,201 | Tswana 33% Tsonga 24% Pedi 17% |
| Suurman | 799007 | 126.77 | 48.95 | 11,071 | Tswana 36% Tsonga 22% Pedi 21% |
| Temba | 799008 | 21.81 | 8.42 | 58,431 | Tswana 49% Pedi 16% Tsonga 12% |
| Thembisile | 799038 | 1.98 | 0.76 | 1,809 | Ndebele 70% |
| Tierpoort | 799075 | 32.14 | 12.41 | 1,167 | Afrikaans 50% |
| Tsebe | 799032 | 4.34 | 1.68 | 2,702 | Tswana 30% Ndebele 24% Zulu 11% Pedi 11% Tsonga 8% |
| Tshwane NU | 799026 | 3,126.37 | 1,207.10 | 16,831 | Ndebele 29% Afrikaans 23% Zulu 11% Pedi 10% |
| Vaalbank | 799064 | 50.98 | 19.68 | 1,458 | Afrikaans 38% Ndebele 21% |
| Waterval | 799019 | 62.99 | 24.32 | 2,517 | Afrikaans 46% Pedi 13% |
| Winterveld | 799029 | 104.52 | 40.36 | 120,826 | Tsonga 22% Tswana 20% Zulu 19% Pedi 12% |
| Zithobeni | 799038 | 3.86 | 1.49 | 22,434 | Ndebele 30% Zulu 28% Pedi 13% |
| Zwavelpoort | 799066 | 37.50 | 14.48 | 1,148 | Afrikaans 35% |

## Demographics

There were around 2,921,500 (2011 census) people living within the borders of Tshwane: 75.40% black, 20.08% white, 2.01% coloured and 1.84% Indian or Asian.

### Ethnic group 2011 census

| Ethnic group | Population | % |
| Coloured | 58 788 | 2.01% |
| Black African | 2 202 847 | 75.40% |
| White | 586 495 | 20.08% |
| Indian/Asian | 53 744 | 1.84% |
| Other | 19 614 | 0.67% |
| Total | 2 921 488 | 100.00% |

### Ethnic group 2011 census (age 0–4)

| Ethnic group | Population | % |
| Coloured | 5 802 | 2.12% |
| Black African | 225 111 | 82.20% |
| White | 36 860 | 13.46% |
| Indian/Asian | 4 280 | 1.56% |
| Other | 1 814 | 0.66% |
| Total | 273 867 | 100.00% |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of 214 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. 107 are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 107 wards, while the remaining 107 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021, no party won a majority of seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.
City of Tshwane local election, 1 November 2021 :
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total |
| | African National Congress | 231,520 | 234,521 | 466,041 | 34.6% | 70 | 5 | 75 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 217,190 | 213,852 | 431,042 | 32.0% | 37 | 32 | 69 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 73,605 | 70,228 | 143,833 | 10.7% | 0 | 23 | 23 |
| | ActionSA | 53,712 | 62,502 | 116,214 | 8.6% | 0 | 19 | 19 |
| | Freedom Front Plus | 53,506 | 52,458 | 105,964 | 7.9% | 0 | 17 | 17 |
| | African Christian Democratic Party | 6,281 | 6,094 | 12,375 | 0.9% | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Independent candidates | 9,623 | – | 9,623 | 0.7% | 0 | – | 0 |
| | African Independent Congress | 2,581 | 5,442 | 8,023 | 0.6% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Defenders of the People | 3,879 | 3,291 | 7,170 | 0.5% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Patriotic Alliance | 3,525 | 3,219 | 6,744 | 0.5% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Congress of the People | 1,351 | 1,246 | 2,597 | 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Pan Africanist Congress of Azania | 1,194 | 1,393 | 2,587 | 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Republican Conference of Tshwane | 1,700 | 869 | 2,569 | 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | African Transformation Movement | 1,109 | 1,197 | 2,306 | 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Good | 1,131 | 1,065 | 2,196 | 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Inkatha Freedom Party | 596 | 1,385 | 1,981 | 0.1% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | 35 other parties | 10,100 | 14,403 | 24,503 | 1.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 672,603 | 673,165 | 1,345,768 | | 107 | 107 | 214 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 672,603 | 673,165 | 1,345,768 | 98.8% |
| Spoilt votes | Spoilt votes | 7,918 | 8,843 | 16,761 | 1.2% |
| Total votes cast | Total votes cast | 680,521 | 682,008 | 1,362,529 | |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | 688,237 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 1,526,585 |
| Turnout percentage | Turnout percentage | 45.1% |

### The Executive

The political head of the municipality is the executive mayor. As of March 2023, Nasiphi Moya of ActionSA serves as mayor. The mayor appoints a mayoral committee to assist with him/her with the functioning of the municipality.

## Services
### Water and sanitation

As of 2016, City of Tshwane receives 72% of its bulk water from Rand Water, which utilizes the Integrated Vaal River System. The remaining 28% of Tshwane's water is sourced from its own treatment plants and boreholes. Water restrictions are implemented during drought, heat waves or other seasonal changes.

### Transport
#### Railway

The main rail station is in Pretoria.
The Gautrain runs through parts of the municipality, with stations in Centurion and Pretoria, ending at a station in the suburb of Hatfield.

#### Airports

OR Tambo International Airport in neighbouring Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality serves Tshwane. Wonderboom Airport in the north of Tshwane serves light aircraft.

### Education
#### Tertiary education

The Tshwane municipality is home to the Tshwane University of Technology, and the largest distance education university (the University of South Africa, more commonly known by its acronym, UNISA), as well as The University of Pretoria, one of South Africa's leading research and teaching universities, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU, previously called University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) and Medical University of Southern Africa-MEDUNSA) a medical school, and the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

## Military
### Air Force

The South African Air Force military bases AFB Waterkloof and AFB Swartkop are in Centurion.

### Thaba Tshwane Military Base

Thaba Tshwane military base (formerly called Voortrekkerhoogte and before that Roberts Heights) is in the municipality.

### Memorials

The SANDF memorial is at Fort Klapperkop and the South African Air Force memorial is at AFB Swartkop.

## Society and culture
### Museums

There are a large number of museums, many of them in Pretoria.
* Pretoria Forts
* Kruger House (residence of the president of the ZAR, Paul Kruger)
* Mapungubwe Collection
* Melrose House (the Treaty of Vereeniging which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed here in 1902)
* Voortrekker Monument
* Freedom Park
* Transvaal Museum
* African Window
* South African Air Force Museum

### Festivals

The city of Tshwane hosted the 10th World Choir Games, organised by the Interkultur Foundation, between 4–14 July 2018. Various locations across the city were used as venues to host concerts and ceremonies for the event, including the Musaion and Aula theatres at the University of Pretoria, the ZK Matthews Great Hall at the University of South Africa, and the Pretoria State Theatre. The event was the first of its kind on the African continent.

### Sporting venues

* Lucas Moripe Stadium, Atteridgeville
* HM Pitje Stadium, Mamelodi
* Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria
* SuperSport Park, Centurion
* Odi Stadium, Mabopane
* Giant Stadium, Soshanguve

### Scout Groups

* 1st Nan Hau Scout Group
* 5th Hillcrest/Colbyn Scout Group
* 6th St Andrews Scout Group
* 7th Mamelodi Scout Group
* 8th St Albans Scout Group
* 9th Irene Air Scout Group
* 10th Arcadia Scout Group
* 13th St Patricks Scout Group
* 14th Delp Scout Group
* 22nd Waterkloof / Kosmos Sea Scout Group
* 23rd Lyttleton Scout Group
* 35th Pretoria Sea Scout Group
* 36th Sinoville Scout Group
* 37th Springvale Scout Group
* 40th Glenstantia Scout Group
* 41st Parks Scout Group
* 42nd Laudium Scout Group
* 46th Midstream Scout Group

### Sport

The city is home to the Tshwane Suns who compete in South Africa's highest basketball division, the Basketball National League. There are two Premier Soccer League teams, Mamelodi Sundowns and Supersport United. Pretoria University, known as Tuks plays in the second-tier league. Tshwane is also home to the Blue Bulls rugby team.

## Proposal for city name change

Tshwane is the Setswana name of the Apies River, which flows through the city. The origin of the name of the river is unclear. It may mean "place -e of the black cow, tshwana, from ceremonies where a black cow was sprinkled with water from the river to end a drought.
Two other common explanations are demonstrably untrue. One is that it is the Tswana for the motto of Tshwane Municipality, "We are the same". However, this appears to be promoted only for its emotional value; if anything, it would mean "we are not the same" in Tswana (ga re tshwane). Another common misunderstanding is that it is the Tswana word for "little monkeys"; although "Tshwane" resembles tshwene (the Tswana word for baboon), baboons are not little and the words are not the same. "Little monkeys" is actually a translation of the Afrikaans name "Apies".
In 2005, politicians in the South African capital voted to rename the city Tshwane and retain the name Pretoria for the city centre only. The Sunday Times used the word Tshwane to refer to the Pretoria area for a short period in 2005. The state-controlled SABC also started using the term in its evening news broadcasts, for a period, but by 2010, had reverted to "Pretoria". Private media outlets continued to refer to the metropolitan area as Pretoria. The Pretoria News, the main newspaper in the metropolitan area did not appear to have plans to change its name as of early 2006, although it has adopted the slogan "The paper for the people of Tshwane".
On 21 May 2005, the Pretoria Civil Action Committee, a group consisting of business, labour, cultural, civil and political leaders opposed to the name change organised a protest in the Pretoria city centre. They marched to the office of Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan and handed him a petition signed by 3,000 University of Pretoria students as well as other petition documents. Former president FW De Klerk, a Nobel prize winner and the last president under apartheid, also raised concerns about the change.
In November 2005, the Advertising Standards Authority found that advertising proclaiming that Tshwane, rather than Pretoria, was the capital of South Africa was misleading.

### Proposed renaming of Pretoria

On 5 December 2000, a number of former Pretoria municipalities, as well as others that fell outside the Greater Pretoria area, were combined into one area called the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The city of Pretoria remained largely intact in this municipality. On 26 May 2005, the South African Geographical Names Council unanimously approved a recommendation by the Tshwane Metro Council that the name Pretoria be changed to Tshwane, but approval from the Geographical Names Council is only a preliminary step in the process.
The legal process involved is as follows:
* Recommendation to the Geographical Names Council.
* Council approves/rejects recommendation (approved 26 May 2005).
* Council gives its recommendation to the Arts and Culture Minister.
* Minister approves/rejects recommendation.
* Approved/rejected name is published in the Government Gazette.
* Any person or body unhappy with the name change can complain within one month of above.
* The minister can consult the Geographical Names Council with concerns raised.
* The minister's decision, along with the reasons for it, are published
* The minister will then take the matter before parliament where the central government will decide on whether to change the name or not based on the information before it.
Some groups attached themselves to the Pretoria name change issue, including the trade union Solidarity, which, along with the Pretoria Civil Action Committee, threatened legal action should the name change be recommended by the minister. In early August 2007, it was reported in the press that the municipality, after consulting with the Gauteng provincial government had withdrawn the application to change the name, and was instead contemplating a plan to change all road signs pointing to "Pretoria" to "Tshwane" or the "City of Tshwane" across the country. This plan raised threats of legal action from both political groupings opposed to the renaming, and concerns from municipal officials about the possibility of vandalism to the proposed signs.
In 2010, the Ministry of Arts and Culture prepared to publish the registration of Tshwane as a place name, in the Government Gazette. However, the registration was withdrawn at the last minute, which was explained by the minister. Although it was too late to remove the name from printing in the Government Gazette, the retraction of the name registration was published the following week in the gazette. In November 2011, Kgosientso Ramokgopa, who had been elected mayor earlier that year, vowed to push forward with the renaming in 2012.

## Management and corruption

As in other parts of the country, the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality experiences high levels of corruption. Significant resources of the Special Investigation Unit (SIU) were dedicated to this region since 2010. The screening of applicants for management positions has also been criticized.
When, by November 2020, businesses and residents owed the metro R12 billion, the metro outsourced its credit management to 34 debt collecting agencies after normal means were ineffectual. This was expected to increase the metro's income levels, cash flow and capacity for service delivery. In 2021, its debt with Eskom stood at over R200 million, and the utility labeled it as a municipality with a poor payment record. When in August 2022 its debt stood at R1.152 billion, Eskom warned that the city's electricity may be disconnected.
In February 2022, its debtors book stood at R17 billion and Tshwane implemented the Tshwane Yatima project to disconnect the power and/or water supply to 420 businesses, besides that of some state departments (Public Works and Infrastructure owing R355 million) and embassies, SARS, the Navy and SAPS headquarters and Hatfield Gautrain station due to non-payment of their electricity or municipal accounts. The University of Pretoria paid the bill of its Hillcrest campus under protest at the last minute.