OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Born and Raised (EP)

Born and Raised is the first extended play by American hip hop duo Smif-N-Wessun. It was released on December 3, 2013, through Duck Down Music. Entirely produced by Beatnick & K-Salaam, the six-song EP is a blend between reggae and hip hop music, and includes guest appearances from Jahdan Blakkamoore, Junior Kelly and Junior Reid. The EP was preceded by one single — "Solid Ground" featuring dancehall icon Junior Reid.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HipHopDX | 3/5 |
Homer Johnsen of HipHopDX gave the album a three out of five, saying "Fans of Smif-N-Wessun will likely be pleased with Born and Raised. It is a notable change from their last effort, Monumental with Pete Rock, which speaks to their versatility as artists. The reggae flavor is also reminiscent of their raggamuffin-rap days as Cocoa Brovaz. In all, Born and Raised is an amalgamation of reggae and hip hop that displays Tek and Steele's ability to think inside and outside the box simultaneously".

## Track listing
### Notes

* Track 4 features singling vocals by Velvet A. Ross and chatting vocals by DJ Full Front

## Personnel

* Tekomin "Tek" Williams – main artist, executive producer
* Darrell "Steele" Yates, Jr. – main artist, executive producer
* Keith "Junior Kelly" Morgan – featured artist (track 1)
* Wayne "Jahdan Blakkamoore" Henry – featured artist (tracks: 2, 5, 6)
* Delroy "Junior" Reid – featured artist (track 3)
* Velvet A. Ross – additional vocals (track 4)
* DJ Full Front – additional vocals (track 4)
* Kayvon "K-Salaam" Sarfehjooy – engineering, mixing, mastering, producer, executive producer
* Nick "Beatnick" Phillips – engineering, mixing, mastering, producer, executive producer
* Kenyatta "Buckshot" Blake – executive producer
* Drew "Dru-Ha" Friedman – executive producer
* Noah "NoHa" Friedman – project coordinator
# Verónica Gómez

Verónica Maria Gómez Carabali ((1985-08-30)30 August 1985 - 13 April 2012) was a Venezuelan female volleyball player.

## Career

She was part of the Venezuela women's national volleyball team. She won the silver medal at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games and the silver medal at the 2005 Bolivarian Games. She was in 2007 awarded in Belgium as volleyball player of the year.
Gómez died at the age of 26 due to heart failure. She recovered in Venezuela from surgery on the Achilles tendon when she died unexpectedly.
# Stottville, New York

Stottville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,375 at the 2010 census.
Stottville is in the southern part of the town of Stockport, south of Stockport Creek, and in the northern section of the town of Greenport.

## Geography

Stottville hamlet is located along Claverack Creek, a tributary of Stockport Creek, at 42°17′7″N 73°44′53″W﻿ / ﻿42.28528°N 73.74806°W﻿ / 42.28528; -73.74806 (42.285238, -73.747933). The Stottville CDP includes most of the southern part of the town of Stockport, as well as the northernmost part of the town of Greenport. It is bordered to the north by Stockport hamlet and to the south by Lorenz Park in Greenport. The Hudson River is to the west.
U.S. Route 9 runs through Stottville, leading south 3 miles (5 km) to Hudson, the Columbia County seat, and north 9 miles (14 km) to Kinderhook.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.1 square miles (11 km$^2$), of which 4.1 square miles (11 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.48%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,355 people, 544 households, and 354 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 329.0 inhabitants per square mile (127.0/km$^2$). There were 582 housing units at an average density of 141.3 per square mile (54.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.98% White, 1.70% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.14% of the population.
There were 544 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,696, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $24,044 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,419. About 15.5% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Antonio Brack Egg

Antonio José Brack Egg (3 June 1940 – 30 December 2014) was an agronomist engineer, an ecologist, and researcher. He was the first Peruvian Minister of the Environment. He is a national and international authority on issues pertaining to biological diversity and biocommercial development. He died after a brief hospitalization in 2014.
Brack's Andes frog (Phrynopus bracki), a tiny frog occurring in the Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park that Brack help to establish, is named in his honor.
# Bodies (EP)

Bodies is the debut extended play (EP) by Australian pop rock singer-songwriter, Celia Pavey. It was announced on 4 August 2014, along with a tour of Australia's east coast. The four-track EP was released on 29 August 2014 via Universal Music Australia. In an interview, Pavey reflected, "I'm a very honest person so I like to write about real things that are happening in my life rather than make up stories. I write a lot about the people in my life. Most of my songs are about love or the habits people share." Chart analyst Gavin Ryan predicted the EP would reach the Australian ARIA top 40 albums chart, however it did not.

## Review

Riley Ackley, the Promotional Director for The Oswegonian, gave the EP 4.5 out of 5, and explained "[it] is a beautiful four track debut. Focusing heavily on acoustics and Pavey's angel-like melodies, each song off of Bodies will carry listeners into a day dream trance." adding, "Overall, [it] is near perfection. As an EP, its glossy set-up paired with Pavey's celestial voice makes it one of the most prominent EP releases of the year. [Her work] is proof that there is more to be done in the folk-singer-songwriter genre. Other artists beware, because they'll soon pale in comparison."
Venue operator, Lizotte's advertiser wrote, "This studio introduction to Celia's honest and adventurous folk songwriting sweeps through that flat, ghostly landscape and into sonically lush territory" adding "[she] sings of young loss and desire with a voice that has already captured international attention." In a review of the EP and its live tour, Chloe Webb of Reverb Magazine said "Pavey has truly found her place musically, a meticulous combination of rambling folk and easy listening indie-pop."

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label |
| Australia | 29 August 2014 | Digital download | Universal Music Australia |
# František Sokol

František Sokol (5 February 1939, in Tišnov – 11 October 2011, in Ostrava) is a Czech former volleyball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
In 1968 he was part of the Czechoslovak team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played eight matches.
# Teniente Manuel Clavero District

Teniente Manuel Clavero District (Spanish teniente lieutenant) is one of four districts of the Putumayo Province in Peru. It is also the northernmost district in Peru.

## Authorities

The current mayor of the district is Luis Enrique Calderón Aspajo (Fuerza Loretana).
# Jatunrritioc

Jatunrritioc (possibly from Quechua hatun big, rit'i snow, -yuq a suffix to indicate ownership "the big one with snow") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, 5,080 metres (16,667 ft) high. It lies in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Cusipata District. Jatunrritioc is situated south of the mountain Huasacocha, north-west of the mountain Yaritani and north-east of the mountain Chachacomayoc.
# Wat'aqucha (Ayacucho)

Wat'aqucha (Quechua wat'a island, qucha lake, "island lake", Hispanicized spelling Huatajocha) is a lake in the Ayacucho Region in Peru. It is located in the Lucanas Province, Chipao District. Wat'aqucha lies southeast of Suyt'uqucha and Chawpiqucha.
# Bottlenotes

Bottlenotes is a wine community site founded in June 2005 in Palo Alto, California by Kim Donaldson and Alyssa Rapp. The original business plan was completed by Rapp with the help of classmates from the Stanford Graduate School of Business between 2003 & 2005. The site was developed as an e-commerce site that matched users’ taste preferences with wine options and was featured in numerous publications including Wine Enthusiast Magazine. It has now become a media platform with both marketing and social media capabilities. The company's use of social media and user feedback has been featured in the Entrepreneur Magazine blog, SUCCESS Magazine, and Fox News.
Bottlenotes hosts wine tastings in cities across the U.S. called Around the World in 80 Sips that have been featured in The New York Times Dining Calendar, produces The Daily Sip, a daily e-newsletter with over 150,000 subscribers edited by Karen MacNeil, author of The Wine Bible, and has created an iPhone app that allows users to rate, remember, and record notes on wines they've tried, and share that information with other users. The app was an official Honoree of the 2011 Webby Awards.
# Doina Ivănescu

Doina Ivănescu (January 22, 1935 – 1996) was a professional volleyball player in Romania. In 1964, she went to the Olympics and helped Romania capture fourth place. She was born in Blaj, in Alba County, Romania. She was married to Traian Ivănescu a former international footballer and coach.
# Yaguas District

Yaguas is a district of the Putumayo Province in Peru, and one of the four districts that comprise that province.

## History

Yaguas was part of Maynas Province until April 10, 2014 when it was created as District by Law N° 30186 as part of Putumayo Province.

## Geography

The district has a total land area of 18 059,27 km². Its administrative center is located 107 meters above sea level.

### Boundaries
## Authorities

The current mayor of the district is Juan Ferreyra Ahuanari (Movimiento Integración Loretana).
# Bruckert

Bruckert is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erec Bruckert (born 1997), German bobsledder
* Ingrid Bruckert (born 1952), German field hockey player
* Raymond Bruckert (born 1935), Swiss writer
# Cuyler, New York

Cuyler is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census.
The town is in the northeastern corner of Cortland County and is northeast of the city of Cortland.

## History

Cuyler was in the former Central New York Military Tract. The area was first settled circa 1794. The town was formed from part of the town of Truxton in 1858. In 1865, the population of the town was 1,447.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 43.5 square miles (112.7 km$^2$), of which 0.031 square miles (0.08 km$^2$), or 0.07%, is water.
The northern town line is the border of Onondaga County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Madison and Chenango counties.
The East Branch of the Tioughnioga River flows southwest through the town. The entire town is within the watershed of the Susquehanna River.
New York State Route 13 is a northeast-southwest highway in Cuyler.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2020, there were 908 people, 306 households in the town. The population density was 23.8 inhabitants per square mile (9.2/km$^2$). There were 406 housing units at an average density of 9.3 per square mile (3.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 92% White, 0.4% Native American, 2.0% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population. There are zero Asians or African Americans living in Cuyler as of the 2020 census.
There were 306 households, of which 51.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 24.2% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household size was 2.97.
In the town, the population is spread out, with 7.2% under the age of 5, 15.7% from 5 to 17, 58.9% from 18 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older.
The median income for a household in the town was $70,323. 15.9% of the population is below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under age 18.

## Communities and locations in Cuyler

* Cowles Settlement – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town by the town line.
* Cuyler – The hamlet of Cuyler on Route 13.
* Cuyler Hill – A hamlet southeast of Cuyler village.
* Keeney – A hamlet near the northern town line, north of Tripoli. The community was once known as "Keeney Settlement."
* New Boston – A hamlet in the southern part of the town.
* Tripoli – A hamlet northwest of Cuyler village.
# Kiswarani Q'asa

Kiswarani Q'asa (Aymara kiswara Buddleja incana, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, kiswarani "the one with kiswara", Quechua q'asa mountain pass, "Kiswarani mountain pass" or "mountain pass with kiswara", Hispanicized spelling Quisuaraniccasa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. Its summit reaches about 4,862.8 m (15,954 ft) above sea level. The mountain is located in the Cusco Region, Espinar Province, Coporaque District.
Kiswarani Q'asa lies on a long ridge which extents from west to east along the river Kirwamayu (Querhuamayo) south of it. Kiswarani (Quishuarani) is the name of a stream which flows from the ridge down to Kirwamayu. The peaks east of Kiswarani Q'asa are named Wamanwachana (Huamanhuachana) and Kirwa (Querhua).
# The Temiskaming Speaker

The Temiskaming Speaker is a local newspaper serving Temiskaming Shores, a city in the Timiskaming District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

## History

The Temiskaming Speaker was founded by E. F. and A. E. Stephenson, a father-and-son duo, as the New Liskeard Speaker in 1906. They published the newspaper weekly until 1938, when C. E. Bond purchased it. Then, it was placed under the Temiskaming Printing Company and renamed to The Temiskaming Speaker. The newspaper refused to give coverage to politicians and asked them to purchase it as an advertisement in the 1930s.
In 1962, the Haileyburian and Cobalt Weekly Post were merged with the Speaker. In the 1970s, A. J. Wright took ownership and appointed Don Curry the editor.
In 2003, The Temiskaming Printing Company and Cold North Wind Inc. created a digital archive for The Temiskaming Speaker.

### The Haileyburian

The Haileyburian was founded on 23 September 1904 by C.C. Far, the founder of Haileybury, as the town's first newspaper. It was initially called the Haileyburian & Temiskaming Mining Journal. The offices of the newspaper were destroyed twice in town-wide fires in Haileybury, including the Great Fire of 1922. The Haileyburian restarted printing in April 1923 from a streetcar on Broadway Street in Haileybury. The copies of the newspaper are preserved in a digital archive.

## Popular culture

Novels by Mary Lawson mention The Temiskaming Speaker.
# Yanahuanca

Yanahuanca is a town in central Peru, capital of the province Daniel Alcídes Carrión in the region Pasco.

## Etymology

The name of the town, is a phrase composed by the Quechua adjective yana (black), and the Runasimi noun wanka ("huanca" in Spanish) that means "demarcatory stone", among other meanings; for what "yanahuanca" would be understood as "black stone".

## Climate

Climate data for Yanahuanca, elevation 3,137 m (10,292 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.5 (68.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 8.0 (46.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 6.0 (42.8) | 6.3 (43.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 7.3 (45.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 108.2 (4.26) | 100.3 (3.95) | 123.9 (4.88) | 66.4 (2.61) | 28.8 (1.13) | 11.8 (0.46) | 13.1 (0.52) | 11.5 (0.45) | 29.3 (1.15) | 62.1 (2.44) | 78.0 (3.07) | 101.4 (3.99) | 734.8 (28.91) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# Melanin theory

Melanin theory is a set of pseudoscientific claims made by some proponents of Afrocentrism, which holds that black people, including ancient Egyptians, have superior mental, physical, and paranormal powers because they have higher levels of melanin, the primary skin pigment in humans.

## Claims

Melanin theory posits that individuals' responses to social stimuli are determined by the prevalence of the skin pigment melanin. Historian Stephen Ferguson describes melanin theory as a component of "strong" Afrocentrism, which assigns biological causes to social phenomena such as white supremacy.$^{:66}$ Proponents of melanin theory ("melanists") argue that insecurity among European males leads to efforts to socially dominate and emasculate African males, taking the form of unemployment, incarceration, and political and social marginalization.
Some black supremacists, including professor of black studies Leonard Jeffries$^{:56}$ and psychologist Frances Cress Welsing, argue without evidence that higher levels of melanin give black people inherently superior qualities to white people, including supernatural abilities such as extrasensory perception.$^{:67}$ According to Bernard Ortiz de Montellano, "the alleged properties of melanin, mostly unsupported, irrelevant, or distortions of the scientific literature, are [...] used to justify Afrocentric assertions. One of the most common is that humans evolved as blacks in Africa, and that whites are mutants (albinos, or melanin recessives)". Ortiz de Montellano wrote in 1993 that melanin theory as an ideological movement would increase scientific illiteracy and would contribute to "widening the gap between the races".
Welsing states that Africans possess dominant genes in comparison to the recessive genes of Europeans, which, she posits, leads to a struggle by Europeans to maintain their genetic distinctness. Welsing derived her hypothesis partly through a neo-Freudian analysis of cultural symbols rather than scientific evidence, arguing that the motivation for white supremacy is an unconscious response to white genetic and sexual inferiority. Ferguson equates this argument with "white male penis envy" toward black men.$^{:67–68}$

## In popular culture

In 2006, the views of adherents and critics of melanin theory were dramatized in Cassandra Medley's play Relativity.
In 2020, melanin theory was promoted by Nick Cannon in an interview with Professor Griff of Public Enemy on the Cannon's Class podcast, among anti-Semitic ideas.
# Huasicancha District

Huasicancha District is one of twenty-eight districts of the province Huancayo in Peru.
# Twangin...

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | B |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Twangin... is a 1981 album by Dave Edmunds, and his final recording for Swan Song Records before moving to Columbia Records. The album would also be the last Edmunds solo effort to feature Rockpile.
Twangin... consists mostly of outtakes from previous recording sessions, including one track dating to 1968, a version of "Baby Let's Play House", a rockabilly number made famous by Elvis Presley. The album also features a collaboration with the Stray Cats, whose debut album Edmunds produced.
The album is almost entirely made up of cover songs, including the Wilson Pickett B-side "Three Time Loser" and the George Jones classic "The Race Is On" (with the Stray Cats).
The album art, featuring a portrait of Edmunds, is by Barney Bubbles.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Something Happens" (John Hiatt) - 3:13
* "It's Been So Long" (Ian Gomm) - 2:14
* "Singin' the Blues" (Melvin Endsley) - 2:58
* "(I'm Gonna Start) Living Again If It Kills Me" (Nick Lowe, Carlene Carter, Edmunds) - 3:20
* "Almost Saturday Night" (John Fogerty) - 2:10

### Side two

* "Cheap Talk, Patter and Jive" (Hank DeVito, Donivan Cowart) - 3:05
* "Three Time Loser" (Don Covay, Ron Miller) - 2:43
* "You'll Never Get Me Up (In One of Those)" (Mickey Jupp) - 3:46
* "I'm Only Human" (Lowe, Rockpile) - 2:07
* "The Race Is On" (Don Rollins) - 2:04
* "Baby Let's Play House" (Arthur Gunter) - 2:18

## Personnel

* Dave Edmunds - guitar, vocals
* Nick Lowe (credited as "Nicky Lowe") - bass, except on "The Race Is On" and "Baby Let's Play House"
* Terry Williams - drums, except on "The Race Is On" and "Baby Let's Play House"
* Billy Bremner - guitar, except on "The Race Is On" and "Baby Let's Play House"
* Chesterfield Kings - harp on "Cheap Talk, Patter and Jive"
* Brian Setzer - guitar on "The Race Is On"
* Lee Rocker - string bass on "The Race Is On"
* Slim Jim Phantom - drums on "The Race Is On"
* John Williams (later known as John David) - string bass on "Baby Let's Play House"
* Mickey Gee - electric guitar on "Baby Let's Play House"
* Aldo Bocca - Engineer
# Chawpi Urqu (Cangallo)

Chawpi Urqu (Quechua chawpi middle, center, urqu mountain, "middle mountain", Hispanicized spelling Chaupi Orjo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,400 metres (14,436 ft) high. It is situated in the Ayacucho Region, Cangallo Province, Totos District, northeast of Totos. Chawpi Urqu lies north of Huch'uy Puka Q'asa. The lake east of it is named Llulluchaqucha (Llullucha Ccocha).
# Settimana bianca

Settimana Bianca, commonly referred to as Ski Week or White Week, is a well-established Italian holiday tradition centered around a week-long retreat to the country's mountainous regions during the winter season. It offers an opportunity for participants to immerse themselves in a variety of snow-related activities amidst the scenic Alpine landscapes.

## Overview

Settimana Bianca typically spans seven days, starting on a weekend and ending on the following weekend. During this time, participants engage in a range of winter sports, including alpine skiing, Nordic skiing, snowboarding, ski mountaineering, sledging and ice skating; Ice climbing and hiking can also easily be found. A "settimana bianca" it is often offered to students of various school levels.
The tradition is embraced by people of all ages, with students particularly keen on taking advantage of the holiday period. It provides a chance for individuals and families to bond over shared experiences and create lasting memories amidst the snow-covered peaks.
Settimana Bianca destinations vary, encompassing both natural snow resorts and those with artificial snow-making facilities. This diversity ensures that participants have a wide selection of destinations to choose from, catering to different preferences and budgets.

## Cultural Significance

Beyond its recreational aspect, Settimana Bianca holds cultural significance in Italy. It has been depicted in various forms of media, including cinema and music. For example, the term "La settimana bianca" is associated with a 1980 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti., offering a glimpse into the holiday experience. Additionally, contemporary music, such as the 2018 song Settimana bianca [it] by the Italian group Il Pagante [it], provides a light take on the customs associated with Settimana Bianca, reflecting its enduring presence in Italian culture.