# List of human spaceflights

This is a list of all crewed spaceflights throughout history. Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, crewed spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft.
There are two definitions of spaceflight. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at 100 kilometres (62 mi) above sea level. This boundary is known as the Kármán line. The United States awards astronaut wings to qualified personnel who pilot a spaceflight above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km).
As of the launch of SpaceX Crew-9 on 28 September 2024, there have been 391 human spaceflight launches. Two missions did not cross either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space and therefore do not qualify as spaceflights. These were the fatal STS-51-L (Challenger disaster), and the non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission T-10a. Two aborted missions did cross either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space. One was the non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission MS-10 which did not reach the Kármán line but did pass the 80 km (50 mi) line. The other was the non-fatal Soyuz mission, 18a which crossed the Kármán line. Four missions successfully achieved human spaceflight, yet ended as fatal failures as their crews died during the return. These were Soyuz 1, X-15 flight 191, Soyuz 11, and STS-107 (Columbia disaster). Twenty two flights in total reached an apogee beyond 50 miles (80 km), but failed to go beyond 62 miles (100 km), so therefore do not qualify as spaceflights under the FAI definition.

## Summary

Since 1961, three countries (China, Russia, and the United States) and one former country (Soviet Union) have conducted human spaceflight using seventeen different spacecraft series, or: "programs", "projects".
| Entity | Soviet Union (1961–1991) / Russia (1992–present) | Soviet Union (1961–1991) / Russia (1992–present) | Soviet Union (1961–1991) / Russia (1992–present) | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | United States | China | China | China | Subtotals by decade | Subtotals by decade |
| Agency | Soviet space program Roscosmos | Soviet space program Roscosmos | Soviet space program Roscosmos | NASA | NASA | NASA | Private space corporations operating sub-orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating sub-orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating sub-orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating sub-orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating orbital flights out of the United States | Private space corporations operating orbital flights out of the United States | CMSA | CMSA | CMSA | | | Subtotals by decade | Subtotals by decade |
| Decades | Program | Dates | No. | Program | Dates | No. | Company | Program | Dates | No. | Company | Program | Dates | No. | Program | Dates | No. | Subtotals by decade | Subtotals by decade |
| 1961–1970 | Vostok | 1961–1963 | 6 | Mercury | 1961–1963 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 52 | 52 |
| 1961–1970 | Voskhod | 1964–1965 | 2 | X-15 | 1962–1968 | 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | 52 | 52 |
| 1961–1970 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Gemini | 1965–1966 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | 52 | 52 |
| 1961–1970 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Apollo | 1968–1972 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | 52 | 52 |
| 1971–1980 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Apollo | 1968–1972 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | 38 | 38 |
| 1971–1980 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Skylab | 1973–1974 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 38 | 38 |
| 1971–1980 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Apollo–Soyuz | 1975 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 38 | 38 |
| 1981–1990 | Soyuz | 1967–1991 | 66 | Space Shuttle | 1981–2011 | 135 | | | | | | | | | | | | 63 | 63 |
| 1991–2000 | Soyuz | 1992–present | 86 | Space Shuttle | 1981–2011 | 135 | | | | | | | | | | | | 84 | 84 |
| 2001–2010 | Soyuz | 1992–present | 86 | Space Shuttle | 1981–2011 | 135 | Scaled Composites | SpaceShipOne | 2004 | 3 | | | | | Shenzhou | 2003–present | 13 | 61 | 61 |
| 2011–2020 | Soyuz | 1992–present | 86 | Space Shuttle | 1981–2011 | 135 | Virgin Galactic | SpaceShipTwo | 2018–2024 | 12 | SpaceX | Crew Dragon (Commercial Crew) | 2020–present | 16 | Shenzhou | 2003–present | 13 | 49 | 49 |
| 2021–2030 | Soyuz | 1992–present | 86 | | | | Blue Origin | New Shepard | 2021–present | 10 | Boeing | Boeing Starliner (Commercial Crew) | 2024–present | 1 | Shenzhou | 2003–present | 13 | 46 | 46 |
| Subtotals by entity | | | 160 | | | 179 | | | | 25 | | | | 17 | | | 13 | Total | 394 |

## Human spaceflights

The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, ISS, and Tiangong series space stations, with which many of these flights docked in orbit, are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists (links below) for information.
* Missions which were intended to reach space but which failed to do so are listed in bold.
* Missions between 50 miles (80.45 km) and 100 km (62 mi), which satisfy the US Military definition of space(50 Miles), but not the NASA or Internationally recognized Karman Line definition (100 KM) are listed in italics.
* Fatal missions are marked with a dagger (†) symbol.
* 1961–1970
* Vostok 1 — Mercury-Redstone 3 — Mercury-Redstone 4 — Vostok 2
* Mercury-Atlas 6 — Mercury-Atlas 7 — X-15 Flight 62 — Vostok 3 — Vostok 4 — Mercury-Atlas 8
* X-15 Flight 77 — Mercury-Atlas 9 — Vostok 5 — Vostok 6 — X-15 Flight 87 — X-15 Flight 90 — X-15 Flight 91
* Voskhod 1
* Voskhod 2 — Gemini 3 — Gemini 4 — X-15 Flight 138* — X-15 Flight 143* — Gemini 5 — X-15 Flight 150 — X-15 Flight 153 — Gemini 7 — Gemini 6A
* Gemini 8 — Gemini 9A — Gemini 10 — Gemini 11 — X-15 Flight 174 — Gemini 12
* Soyuz 1† — X-15 Flight 190 — X-15 Flight 191†
* X-15 Flight 197 — Apollo 7 — Soyuz 3 — Apollo 8
* Soyuz 4 — Soyuz 5 — Apollo 9 — Apollo 10 — Apollo 11 — Soyuz 6 — Soyuz 7 — Soyuz 8 — Apollo 12
* Apollo 13 — Soyuz 9
* 1971–1980
* Apollo 14 — Soyuz 10 — Soyuz 11† — Apollo 15
* Apollo 16 — Apollo 17
* Skylab 2 — Skylab 3 — Soyuz 12 — Skylab 4 — Soyuz 13
* Soyuz 14 — Soyuz 15 — Soyuz 16
* Soyuz 17 — Soyuz 18a — Soyuz 18 — Soyuz 19 — Apollo-Soyuz
* Soyuz 21 — Soyuz 22 — Soyuz 23
* Soyuz 24 — Soyuz 25 — Soyuz 26
* Soyuz 27 — Soyuz 28 — Soyuz 29 — Soyuz 30 — Soyuz 31
* Soyuz 32 — Soyuz 33
* Soyuz 35 — Soyuz 36 — Soyuz T-2 — Soyuz 37 — Soyuz 38 — Soyuz T-3
* 1981–1990
* Soyuz T-4 — Soyuz 39 — STS-1 — Soyuz 40 — STS-2
* STS-3 — Soyuz T-5 — Soyuz T-6 — STS-4 — Soyuz T-7 — STS-5
* STS-6 — Soyuz T-8 — STS-7 — Soyuz T-9 — STS-8 — Soyuz T-10a — STS-9
* STS-41-B — Soyuz T-10 — Soyuz T-11 — STS-41-C — Soyuz T-12 — STS-41-D — STS-41-G — STS-51-A
* STS-51-C — STS-51-D — STS-51-B — Soyuz T-13 — STS-51-G — STS-51-F — STS-51-I — Soyuz T-14 — STS-51-J — STS-61-A — STS-61-B
* STS-61-C — STS-51-L† — Soyuz T-15
* Soyuz TM-2 — Soyuz TM-3 — Soyuz TM-4
* Soyuz TM-5 — Soyuz TM-6 — STS-26 — Soyuz TM-7 — STS-27
* STS-29 — STS-30 — STS-28 — Soyuz TM-8 — STS-34 — STS-33
* STS-32 — Soyuz TM-9 — STS-36 — STS-31 — Soyuz TM-10 — STS-41 — STS-38 — STS-35 — Soyuz TM-11
* 1991–2000
* STS-37 — STS-39 — Soyuz TM-12 — STS-40 — STS-43 — STS-48 — Soyuz TM-13 — STS-44
* STS-42 — Soyuz TM-14 — STS-45 — STS-49 — STS-50 — Soyuz TM-15 — STS-46 — STS-47 — STS-52 — STS-53
* STS-54 — Soyuz TM-16 — STS-56 — STS-55 — STS-57 — Soyuz TM-17 — STS-51 — STS-58 — STS-61
* Soyuz TM-18 — STS-60 — STS-62 — STS-59 — Soyuz TM-19 — STS-65 — STS-64 — STS-68 — Soyuz TM-20 — STS-66
* STS-63 — STS-67 — Soyuz TM-21 — STS-71 — STS-70 — Soyuz TM-22 — STS-69 — STS-73 — STS-74
* STS-72 — Soyuz TM-23 — STS-75 — STS-76 — STS-77 — STS-78 — Soyuz TM-24 — STS-79 — STS-80
* STS-81 — Soyuz TM-25 — STS-82 — STS-83 — STS-84 — STS-94 — Soyuz TM-26 — STS-85 — STS-86 — STS-87
* STS-89 — Soyuz TM-27 — STS-90 — STS-91 — Soyuz TM-28 — STS-95 — STS-88
* Soyuz TM-29 — STS-96 — STS-93 — STS-103
* STS-99 — Soyuz TM-30 — STS-101 — STS-106 — STS-92 — Soyuz TM-31 — STS-97
* 2001–2010
* STS-98 — STS-102 — STS-100 — Soyuz TM-32 — STS-104 — STS-105 — Soyuz TM-33 — STS-108
* STS-109 — STS-110 — Soyuz TM-34 — STS-111 — STS-112 — Soyuz TMA-1 — STS-113
* STS-107† — Soyuz TMA-2 — Shenzhou 5 — Soyuz TMA-3
* Soyuz TMA-4 — SpaceShipOne Flight 15P — SpaceShipOne Flight 16P — SpaceShipOne Flight 17P — Soyuz TMA-5
* Soyuz TMA-6 — STS-114 — Soyuz TMA-7 — Shenzhou 6
* Soyuz TMA-8 — STS-121 — STS-115 — Soyuz TMA-9 — STS-116
* Soyuz TMA-10 — STS-117 — STS-118 — Soyuz TMA-11 — STS-120
* STS-122 — STS-123 — Soyuz TMA-12 — STS-124 — Shenzhou 7 — Soyuz TMA-13 — STS-126
* STS-119 — Soyuz TMA-14 — STS-125 — Soyuz TMA-15 — STS-127 — STS-128 — Soyuz TMA-16 — STS-129 — Soyuz TMA-17
* STS-130 — Soyuz TMA-18 — STS-131 — STS-132 — Soyuz TMA-19 — Soyuz TMA-01M — Soyuz TMA-20
* 2011–2020
* STS-133 — Soyuz TMA-21 — STS-134 — Soyuz TMA-02M — STS-135 — Soyuz TMA-22 — Soyuz TMA-03M
* Soyuz TMA-04M — Shenzhou 9 — Soyuz TMA-05M — Soyuz TMA-06M — Soyuz TMA-07M
* Soyuz TMA-08M — Soyuz TMA-09M — Shenzhou 10 — Soyuz TMA-10M — Soyuz TMA-11M
* Soyuz TMA-12M — Soyuz TMA-13M — Soyuz TMA-14M — Soyuz TMA-15M
* Soyuz TMA-16M — Soyuz TMA-17M — Soyuz TMA-18M — Soyuz TMA-19M
* Soyuz TMA-20M — Soyuz MS-01 — Shenzhou 11 — Soyuz MS-02 — Soyuz MS-03
* Soyuz MS-04 — Soyuz MS-05 — Soyuz MS-06 — Soyuz MS-07
* Soyuz MS-08 — Soyuz MS-09 — Soyuz MS-10 — Soyuz MS-11 — VSS Unity VP-03
* VSS Unity VF-01 — Soyuz MS-12 — Soyuz MS-13 — Soyuz MS-15
* Soyuz MS-16 — Crew Dragon Demo-2 — Soyuz MS-17 — SpaceX Crew-1
* 2021–present
* Soyuz MS-18 — SpaceX Crew-2 — Virgin Galactic Unity-21 — Shenzhou-12 — Virgin Galactic Unity-22 — Blue Origin NS-16 — SpaceX Inspiration4 — Soyuz MS-19 — Blue Origin NS-18 — Shenzhou-13 — SpaceX Crew-3 — Soyuz MS-20 — Blue Origin NS-19
* Soyuz MS-21 — Blue Origin NS-20 — Axiom Mission 1 — SpaceX Crew-4 — Blue Origin NS-21 — Shenzhou-14 — Blue Origin NS-22 — Soyuz MS-22 — SpaceX Crew-5 — Shenzhou-15
* SpaceX Crew-6 — Axiom Mission 2 — Virgin Galactic Unity 25 — Shenzhou-16 — Galactic 01 — Galactic 02 — SpaceX Crew-7 — Galactic 03 — Soyuz MS-24 — Galactic 04 — Shenzhou-17 — Galactic 05
* Axiom Mission 3 — Galactic 06 — SpaceX Crew-8 — Soyuz MS-25 — Shenzhou-18 — Blue Origin NS-25 — Boeing CFT — Galactic 07 — Blue Origin NS-26 — Polaris Dawn — Soyuz MS-26 — SpaceX Crew-9 — Shenzhou-19 — Blue Origin NS-28
* Blue Origin NS-30 — SpaceX Crew-10

## Timeline
### List by decades

| Decade | Total flights | Major milestones | First by nationality |
| 1960s | 41 | Yuri Gagarin, first human in space. Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space. Alexei Leonov, first EVA. Neil Armstrong, first human on the Moon. | Yuri Gagarin Alan Shepard |
| 1970s | 38 | Alfred Worden, first deep space EVA. | Vladimír Remek Mirosław Hermaszewski Sigmund Jähn Georgi Ivanov Bertalan Farkas Phạm Tuân Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez |
| 1980s | 61 | Bruce McCandless II, first untethered spacewalk. | Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Dumitru Prunariu Jean-Loup Chrétien Ulf Merbold Rakesh Sharma Marc Garneau Sultan Salman Al Saud Wubbo J. Ockels Mohammed Faris Abdul Ahad Mohmand Rodolfo Neri Vela Toyohiro Akiyama |
| 1990s | 83 | Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Krikalev and William M. Shepherd, first crew on ISS. | Helen Sharman Franz Viehböck Dirk Frimout Aleksandr Viktorenko and Aleksandr Kaleri Claude Nicollier Franco Malerba Leonid Kadeniuk Pedro Duque Ivan Bella |
| 2000s | 61 | Dennis Tito, first paying space tourist. SpaceShipOne flight 16P, first private suborbital flight | Mark Shuttleworth Ilan Ramon Yang Liwei Christer Fuglesang Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Yi So-yeon |
| 2010s | 44 | — | Andreas Mogensen Aidyn Aimbetov Hazza Al Mansouri |
| 2020-present | 51 | Inspiration4, first private orbital flight | Namira Salim Alper Gezeravcı |