# Texas Eagle

The Texas Eagle is a long-distance passenger train operated daily by Amtrak on a 1,306-mile (2,102 km) route between Chicago, Illinois, and San Antonio, Texas, with major stops in St. Louis, Little Rock, Dallas, Fort Worth, and Austin. Three days per week, the train joins the Sunset Limited in San Antonio and continues to Los Angeles via El Paso and Tucson. The combined 2,728-mile (4,390 km) route is the longest in the United States and the second-longest in the Americas, after the Canadian.
Prior to 1988, the train was known simply as the Eagle.

## History

Amtrak's Texas Eagle is the direct successor of the Missouri Pacific Railroad and Texas and Pacific Railway train of the same name, which was inaugurated in 1948 and ultimately discontinued in 1971. The route of Amtrak's Texas Eagle is longer (Chicago to San Antonio versus St. Louis to San Antonio), but much of today's route is historically a part of the original Texas Eagle route. St. Louis to Texarkana and Taylor, Texas, to San Antonio travels over former Missouri Pacific Railroad trackage, while the Texarkana to Fort Worth segment traverses the former Texas and Pacific Railway. The T&P merged with MoPac in 1982; in turn MoPac was acquired by Union Pacific in 1986.
The Eagle began on October 2, 1981, as a restructuring of the Inter-American, which had operated a daily schedule from Chicago to Laredo, Texas, via San Antonio since 1973. From 1979 onward, it operated a section to Houston, Texas, which diverged at Temple, Texas. The new Eagle dropped the Houston section, while its southern terminus was cut back from Laredo to San Antonio. The new train carried Superliner equipment, replacing the Amfleet coaches on the Inter-American. In addition, the new train ran on a thrice-weekly schedule with a through car on the Sunset Limited to Los Angeles, although the latter was not announced until the April 1982 timetable.
On November 15, 1988, Amtrak revived a Houston section, this time diverging at Dallas and running over the route of the Southern Pacific's Sunbeam. It was the first time passenger traffic had served that route since 1958. Amtrak had intended to operate the Lone Star over this route back in the 1970s, but dropped the plan in the face of obstruction from the Southern Pacific. With the change, Amtrak revived the name Texas Eagle for the thrice-weekly Chicago-San Antonio/Houston train, while the off-day Chicago–St. Louis train remained the Eagle. This section would be discontinued on September 10, 1995. On April 4, 2013, Amtrak opened a new station in Hope, Arkansas, the hometown of former U.S. president Bill Clinton. Arcadia Valley was added on November 17, 2016, serving Iron County, Missouri.
In August 2023, Amtrak approved construction of a new station in De Soto, Missouri for trains to stop at between St. Louis and Arcadia Valley.

### COVID-19 pandemic

As part of Amtrak's response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in greatly depressed ridership, service was reduced to tri-weekly throughout the corridor October 11, 2020. In March 2021, Amtrak announced plans to return the Texas Eagle to its pre-pandemic schedule on May 24, 2021. However, the train began operating on a five days per week schedule in January 2022 due to a resurgence of the virus caused by the Omicron variant and remained so until March 2022.

### Proposed changes

In the August 2009 issue of Trains, Brian Rosenwald, Amtrak's chief of product management, noted that the Sunset Limited might be replaced by an extension of the Texas Eagle to Los Angeles: "We projected the revenue and looked at the logistics, and with a little bit of rescheduling came to the conclusion that we can make this happen with the equipment we have, and the additional revenue the train earns will more than cover the increased operating costs". The move would restore a connection to the Coast Starlight in both directions, and move boarding in Maricopa and Tucson, Arizona, to civilized times. "We are putting a stake in the ground: Triweekly needs to disappear," Rosenwald said. While the route of the Sunset Limited would not be entirely replaced, the performance improvements listed explain what will happen:
* Conversion to daily Chicago–Los Angeles train
* Shortening of the schedule by 9 hours
* San Antonio–New Orleans stub service on a daily basis to connect with this train
* Use of the Diner-Lounge on the stub service
These changes would, in turn, create a through-car change similar to that of the Empire Builder. Such service would originate from Los Angeles and split at San Antonio, and vice versa from New Orleans.
Amtrak suspended plans to convert the Texas Eagle/Sunset Limited into a daily train when UP opposed it, arguing that to run daily service, Amtrak would first have to invest more than $750 millions in infrastructure improvements along the route west of San Antonio. UP has subsequently made investments to increase the capacity of the Sunset Route by constructing new sidings and double track sections along the Route.
Passenger totals would double with daily service, according to the PRIIA study that looked at Texas Eagle/Sunset Limited service. It forecast an incremental improvement of more than 100,000 passengers from the daily service, which is already running in excess of 100,000 a year. However, Amtrak still lacks the equipment and funds needed to move to daily service.
In June 2021, Senator Jon Tester of Montana added an amendment to the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021 which would require the U.S. Department of Transportation (not Amtrak itself) to evaluate daily service on all less frequent long-distance trains, meaning the Texas Eagle/Sunset Limited and Cardinal. The bill passed the Senate Commerce Committee with bipartisan support, and was later rolled into President Biden's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which Congress passed on November 5, 2021. The report is known as the Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study and must be delivered to Congress within two years.
In June 2023, Amtrak submitted an application for a federal grant to increase Texas Eagle/Sunset Limited service to operate daily.

## Operation
### Route

As of July 2022 the southbound Texas Eagle (train 21) departs Chicago 1:45 pm, running between Chicago and its first station stop in Joliet, parallel to the Illinois and Michigan Canal, along first the Canadian National's Freeport Subdivision and then Joliet Subdivision, which is also used by Metra's Heritage Corridor and Amtrak's Lincoln Service. From Joliet, the train travels along Union Pacific rails, often parallel to Interstate 55, making station stops in Pontiac, Bloomington–Normal, Lincoln, Springfield, Carlinville (a flag stop), and Alton before crossing the Mississippi River to make its stop at St. Louis' Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center, scheduled for 7:13 pm. After St. Louis, the train skirts the Ozark Mountains, stopping in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, before crossing the state line into Arkansas. In Arkansas, the train stops in Walnut Ridge, the state capital of Little Rock, and the stations at Malvern, Arkadelphia, Hope, and Texarkana, on the Arkansas–Texas border.
Continuing into Texas, the train makes station stops in Marshall, Longview (bus connection with Houston), Mineola, Dallas and Fort Worth, which has connections to Oklahoma City via Amtrak's Heartland Flyer, and from there the train travels on BNSF trackage. The train continues on, making stops in Cleburne, McGregor, Temple (where the train resumes traveling on the Union Pacific), Taylor, the state capital of Austin, and San Marcos, with a scheduled arrival into San Antonio at 9:55 pm (the next day). A sleeping car and a coach (designated internally as train 421) are conveyed to the Sunset Limited on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays, departing San Antonio at 2:45 am.
The northbound Texas Eagle (train 22) leaves San Antonio at 7 am, splitting from the eastbound Sunset Limited (train 422) on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Sundays. The train arrives in Chicago at 1:44 pm the next day.

### Stations

Amtrak Texas Eagle stations :
| State/Province | City | Station |
| Illinois | Chicago | Chicago Union |
| Illinois | Joliet | Joliet |
| Illinois | Pontiac | Pontiac |
| Illinois | Normal | Bloomington–Normal |
| Illinois | Lincoln | Lincoln |
| Illinois | Springfield | Springfield |
| Illinois | Carlinville | Carlinville |
| Illinois | Alton | Alton |
| Missouri | St. Louis | St. Louis Gateway |
| Missouri | Ironton | Arcadia Valley |
| Missouri | Poplar Bluff | Poplar Bluff |
| Arkansas | Walnut Ridge | Walnut Ridge |
| Arkansas | Little Rock | Little Rock |
| Arkansas | Malvern | Malvern |
| Arkansas | Arkadelphia | Arkadelphia |
| Arkansas | Hope | Hope |
| Arkansas | Texarkana | Texarkana |
| Texas | Marshall | Marshall |
| Texas | Longview | Longview |
| Texas | Mineola | Mineola |
| Texas | Dallas | Dallas |
| Texas | Fort Worth | Fort Worth |
| Texas | Cleburne | Cleburne |
| Texas | McGregor | McGregor |
| Texas | Temple | Temple |
| Texas | Taylor | Taylor |
| Texas | Austin | Austin |
| Texas | San Marcos | San Marcos |
| Texas | San Antonio | San Antonio |
| Texas | Del Rio | Del Rio |
| Texas | Sanderson | Sanderson |
| Texas | Alpine | Alpine |
| Texas | El Paso | El Paso |
| New Mexico | Deming | Deming |
| New Mexico | Lordsburg | Lordsburg |
| Arizona | Benson | Benson |
| Arizona | Tucson | Tucson |
| Arizona | Maricopa | Maricopa |
| Arizona | Yuma | Yuma |
| California | Palm Springs | Palm Springs |
| California | Ontario | Ontario |
| California | Pomona | Pomona |
| California | Los Angeles | Los Angeles Union |

### Equipment

As of March 2025, the normal consist on the Texas Eagle includes:
* 1 GE Genesis locomotive
* 1 Superliner transition sleeper
* 1 Superliner sleeping car
* 1 Superliner diner-lounge
* 1 Superliner Sightseer Lounge car
* 1 Superliner coach-baggage car
* 1 Superliner coach
Three times a week, one coach and one sleeping car operate between Los Angeles and Chicago on the Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle as train 421/422. To provide extra capacity, an additional Superliner coach operates between Chicago and St. Louis. The Sightseer Lounge was removed from the train in October 2020 in response to reduced demand from the COVID-19 pandemic but returned in March 2025.
Amtrak plans to replace the P42DCs with modern Siemens ALC-42 locomotives by 2027, and the Superliner cars with new long-distance cars by 2032.