OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David May (merchant)

David May (1848–1927) was an American businessman and founder of The May Department Stores Company.

## Early life and education

David May was born to a Jewish family in Kaiserslautern, then located in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany. In 1854, he immigrated with his family to the United States and settled in Cincinnati. As a young man he worked at a clothing factory, while attending night school at Cincinnati's Nelson Business College.
After moving for health reasons to Leadville, Colorado, then undergoing a boom due to silver mining, he partnered with future brother-in-law Moses Shoenberg and opened a dry goods store in 1877. In 1887, he purchased another store in Denver, Colorado partnering with brothers-in-law Joseph and Louis Shoenberg (the Shoenbergs would later change their name to Beaumont). In 1888, he sold the Leadville store to Meyers Harris. In 1892, he expanded out of Colorado and purchased "The Famous Clothing Store" in St. Louis, Missouri and in 1898, he purchased another store in Cleveland, Ohio which he renamed the "May Company." In 1905, he moved the business headquarters to St. Louis. In 1910, the business was incorporated as "The May Department Stores Company" and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 1911. Also in 1911, he bought the William Bar Dry Goods Company in St. Louis and merged it with The Famous Clothing Store renaming the new entity, Famous-Barr. He continued to expand, purchasing the M. O’Neil Department Store in Akron, Ohio in 1912 and A. Hamburger & Sons in Los Angeles in 1923.

## Legacy

May Company went on to become one of the largest department store chains in the United States through organic growth and acquisitions. Some of the chains acquired included: Bernheim-Leader in Baltimore, Maryland; Kaufmann's in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Daniels & Fisher Stores Company in Denver, Colorado; Hecht's in Baltimore, Maryland; G. Fox & Co. in Hartford, Connecticut; and Meier & Frank in Portland, Oregon.

## Personal life

In 1880, May married Rosa Shoenberg (b. 1860), his partner’s sister, in Leadville, Colorado. They had four children: Morton J. May (b. 1881), Tom May (b. 1883), Wilbur D. May (1898-1982), and Florene May (1903-1995). His daughter Florene married American architect Samuel Abraham Marx. His grandson Morton D. May succeeded his father in running the business, serving as CEO from 1957 and chairman of the board from 1967-1972. Tennis player Taylor Fritz is a descendant of May through Fritz's mother, Kathy May.
In 1877, he helped to found the Hebrew Benevolent Association in Leadville. "By 1884, he had become deeply involved in community affairs. Early in the year he was elected vice president of Temple Israel and appointed chairman of the building committee. The building was ready for services by September on land donated by May's very agreeable landlord, Horace Tabor. May was also "to have charge of burial grounds", an obligation passed down from the Hebrew Benevolent Association as it evolved into the Congregation Israel." In Denver, he was a member of Temple Emanuel.
In July, 1927, he was buried in St. Louis in a ceremony led by Rabbi Emeritus Samuel Sale.
# Thagiicu languages

The Thagiicu or Central Kenya Bantu languages are a group of closely related Northeast Bantu languages spoken in the central regions of Kenya and parts of northern Tanzania.

## History

Proto-Thagiicu originated on the southern slopes of Mount Kenya in 1100AD. The thagiicu languages have received influence from cushitic, Nilotic and Kuliak speakers whom the Thagiicu community have absorbed over the millennia.

## Classification

The Thagiicu languages are classified by Glottolog as follows:
* Thagiicu
** Eastern Kirinyaga
*** Chuka
*** Northern Kirinyaga
**** Nithi-Meru
***** Meru
***** Mwimbu-Muthambi
**** Tharaka
** Embu
** Kikuyu-Temi
*** Kikuyu
*** Temi
** Kamba-Dhaiso
*** Dhaiso
*** Kamba
# Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands

This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of West Midlands since the creation of that office on 1 April 1974.
* Charles Ian Finch-Knightley, 11th Earl of Aylesford 1 April 1974 – 1993
* Sir Robert Richard Taylor 16 December 1993 – 2007
* Paul Sabapathy 2007–2015
* Sir John Crabtree 3 January 2017 – 5 August 2024
* Dr. Derrick Bancroft Anderson, CBE 6 August 2024 – present
# Digras, Beed

Digras is a village situated on the banks of the Godavari River in Parli Taluka of Beed district. The village is a pilgrimage site for the Kasar community in Maharashtra as there is a temple of Kalinka Devi, the Kuladevata of the Kasar's.

## Location

Digras is situated on the banks of the Godavari River in the north–eastern part of Beed district, which shares a border with Parbhani district.

## Administration

As per the Constitution of India and Panchayat Raj Act, Digras village is administered by Sarpanch under Parli Vaijnath Panchayat Samiti and Beed Zilla Parishad.

## Education

The Zilla Parishad Prathmik Shala (transl. District Council Primary School) is the sole educational institution in the village run by Zilla parishad, Beed and it only offers instruction up to the fourth grade.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, there are 1106 people living in the village.
| Indiacator | Total | Male | Female |
| Households | 258 | — | — |
| Population | 1106 | 578 | 528 |
| 0–6 aged | 165 | 91 | 74 |
| Scheduled castes | 350 | 176 | 174 |
| Scheduled tribes | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Literacy | 720 | 423 | 297 |
| Illiteracy | 386 | 155 | 231 |
| Working population | 548 | 321 | 227 |
| Main working population | 540 | 320 | 220 |
| Main cultivator population | 159 | 104 | 55 |
| Main Agricultural labourers | 332 | 177 | 155 |
| Main households industries | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Main other working population | 46 | 36 | 10 |
| Marginal working population | 8 | 1 | 7 |
| Non–working population | 558 | 257 | 301 |

## Sand mining

Harshad Kamble of the District Mining Office highlighted the need for authorized sand mining to prevent illegal activities and road damage during a public hearing on sand mining in the Godavari river. He also raised concerns about water levels affecting mining operations. Local residents, including Balasaheb Muthal and Abhay Panditrao Muthal, expressed concerns about traffic congestion, road damage, and environmental issues due to sand transport, and called for the removal of sand jetty from the auction.
# The Seine at Argenteuil

The Seine at Argenteuil is an 1873 oil painting by Claude Monet. It is one of many paintings the artist made of the area.
The painting is in a private collection.

## In popular culture

The Seine at Argenteuil was featured in and provided (along with other Monet paintings) the title inspiration for the 2001 film Vanilla Sky. In the film the main character, David (Tom Cruise), owns the painting, and his subconscious makes use of its depiction of the sky.
# Philly (disambiguation)

Philly is a common informal name for Philadelphia, the largest city in Pennsylvania, United States.
Philly may also refer to:

## People

* Corey Philly Brown (born 1991), American football player
* Philly Bryne, a member of the Northern Ireland thrash metal band Gama Bomb
* Philomena Philly Fogarty, Irish camogie player in the 1990s and 2000s
* Philip Philly Larkin (born 1974), Irish hurler
* Philly Lutaaya (1951–1989), Ugandan musician
* Philly Joe Jones (1923–1985), American jazz drummer nicknamed "Philly Joe"

## Arts and entertainment

* "Philly" (song), a song by the English electronic music band Fluke, 2008
* "Philly", a song by American rapper Playboi Carti from the album Music, 2025
* half of the Pete Philly and Perquisite Dutch hip hop duo
* Philly (TV series), an American television series that aired from 2001 to 2002
* Philly Cullen, a character in the play The Playboy of the Western World

## Other uses

* Philly (dog), a dog that served in World War I
# Hilbert–Smith conjecture

In mathematics, the Hilbert–Smith conjecture is concerned with the transformation groups of manifolds; and in particular with the limitations on topological groups G that can act effectively (faithfully) on a (topological) manifold M. Restricting to groups G which are locally compact and have a continuous, faithful group action on M, the conjecture states that G must be a Lie group.
Because of known structural results on G, it is enough to deal with the case where G is the additive group $\mathbb {Z} _{p}$ of p-adic integers, for some prime number p. An equivalent form of the conjecture is that $\mathbb {Z} _{p}$ has no faithful group action on a topological manifold.
The naming of the conjecture is for David Hilbert, and the American topologist Paul A. Smith. It is considered by some to be a better formulation of Hilbert's fifth problem, than the characterisation in the category of topological groups of the Lie groups often cited as a solution.
In 1997, Dušan Repovš and Evgenij Ščepin proved the Hilbert–Smith conjecture for groups acting by Lipschitz maps on a Riemannian manifold using covering, fractal, and cohomological dimension theory.
In 1999, Gaven Martin extended their dimension-theoretic argument to quasiconformal actions on a Riemannian manifold and gave applications concerning unique analytic continuation for Beltrami systems.
In 2013, John Pardon proved the three-dimensional case of the Hilbert–Smith conjecture.
# Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: تركي الأول بن عبد العزيز آل سعود Turkī al ʾAwwal bin ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd; 1901–1919) was the eldest son of the Emir of Nejd (later King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia) and his second wife, Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair. He was his father's heir apparent from 1902 to 1919. Turki accompanied his father during the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula at a young age and witnessed battles in Kuwait and Al Hasa. He died from the Spanish flu pandemic, which also killed many others in the region. His younger brother Saud replaced him as heir apparent.

## Early life

Turki was the eldest son of Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman. His mother was Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair, Abdulaziz's second wife. She was the daughter of the chief of the Bani Khalid tribe, who ruled Al Hasa. Abdulaziz and Wadha married in 1895. Turki was born in Kuwait City in 1901 when his family was in exile there.
Turki was the full-brother of the future King Saud. His full sisters included Munira and Noura.

## Activities and succession

Turki was crown prince beginning by his father's conquest of Riyadh on 15 January 1902 up to his death in 1919. He was the deputy of his father as commander-in-chief of the army until his death. He commanded an army of 4000 warriors based in Qassim region. He fought against Al Rashid forces and attempted to eliminate the leakage of supplies from the tribes to them. In 1918, on the orders of his father, Turki initiated an attack against Al Rashid forces, known as the battle of Yatab, in which the Al Saud forces gained a victory. When the British government invited Abdulaziz to visit London, he assigned Turki as his envoy. However, Turki died in 1919, and Abdulaziz named another of his sons, Faisal, as envoy.

## Personal life

Turki's first wife Noweir bint Obaid Al Rasheed gave birth to his son Faisal bin Turki in 1918, a few years before Turki's death. After the death of Turki, Princess Noweir married Turki's brother Saud, and they had a daughter, Al Anoud bint Saud. Turki also had a daughter with his other wife Tarfa Al Muhanna, Hessa bint Turki, who was the wife of Abdulaziz bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz. Princess Tarfa and Prince Abdulaziz had two sons, Faisal and Turki. Princess Hessa died in Riyadh at the age of 91 on 19 August 2007 and was buried in Al Oud cemetery.
Two grandsons of Turki, the children of his son Faisal, served on the Allegiance Council: Turki bin Faisal, (until his death on 28 February 2009) and Abdullah bin Faisal (until his death in February 2019).

## Death

Prince Turki died in Riyadh in late 1919 during the flu pandemic that killed many others in the region. American doctors went to Riyadh to treat him upon the request of his father, but their attempts did not save Turki. Abdulaziz was said to be deeply saddened by his death.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud :
# Men in blue

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#REDIRECT India national cricket team
Men in blue may refer to:
* The India national cricket team, commonly known as the "Men in Blue"
* A police officer
* The Blue Man Group
{{Disambig}}
# Trevis Jackson

Trevis Aundrell Tedios Jackson (born September 14, 1995) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player who last played for the Blackwater Bossing of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

## Professional career

Jackson was drafted fifth overall by the Meralco Bolts during the 2018 PBA draft.
On December 4, 2021, he was traded to the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters for Franky Johnson.
In June 2022 while he was still a free agent, Jackson played 3x3 for Pretty Huge in a regional tournament in Thailand.
On September 20, 2022, Jackson signed with the Blackwater Bossing.

## PBA career statistics

As of the end of 2022–23 season

### Season-by-season averages

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2019 | Meralco | 35 | 11.0 | .375 | .403 | .722 | 1.1 | 1.2 | .3 | .1 | 3.7 |
| 2020 | Meralco | 14 | 8.0 | .405 | .353 | .333 | 1.2 | .7 | .1 | .1 | 2.6 |
| 2021 | Meralco | 23 | 10.4 | .341 | .292 | .667 | 1.1 | .7 | .2 | .0 | 1.9 |
| 2021 | Rain or Shine | 23 | 10.4 | .341 | .292 | .667 | 1.1 | .7 | .2 | .0 | 1.9 |
| 2022–23 | Blackwater | 12 | 20.1 | .408 | .344 | .800 | 1.8 | 1.2 | .8 | .0 | 6.4 |
| Career | Career | 84 | 11.6 | .382 | .364 | .700 | 1.2 | 1.0 | .3 | .1 | 3.4 |

## Personal life

His cousin, DeSean, is an American football wide receiver.
# Waiting Outside the Lines

"Waiting Outside the Lines" is the debut single of American pop rock singer Greyson Chance. The song was written by Aaron Michael Cox and produced by Da Internz and Ron Fair. It was released exclusively to iTunes on October 26, 2010. The CD single was later released on December 14, 2010 under eleveneleven, Maverick Records, and Geffen Records . It also contained a studio version of cover hits from Lady Gaga and Augustana. The official remix features vocals from Filipino pop and R&B singer Jake Zyrus. The song also appeared on the 2011 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 37
The song's accompanying music video was directed by Sanaa Hamri.

## Track listing
### Digital download

* "Waiting Outside the Lines" – 3:52

### US & UK CD single
## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 45 |
| US Heatseekers Songs | 12 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format |
| United States | October 26, 2010 | Digital download |
| United Kingdom | December 9, 2010 | Digital download |
| United States | December 14, 2010 | CD single |
| United Kingdom | December 14, 2010 | CD single |
# Woman with a Cat (Renoir)

Woman with a Cat is an 1875 painting by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It depicts a young woman sitting in a chair holding a cat. The work was gifted by Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin E. Levy to the National Gallery of Art in 1950.
# Yu Chang-kwon

Rear Admiral Yu Chang Kwon (or Kwon Yu-chang) was the Commander-in-Chief of the Korean People's Navy from sometime before 1975 or from 1975 until some time in 1982 or after 1982.
# Butterfly ray

The butterfly rays are the rays forming the genus Gymnura and the family Gymnuridae. They are found in warm oceans worldwide, and occasionally in estuaries.
The body of butterfly rays is flattened and surrounded by an extremely broad disc formed by the pectoral fins, which merge in front of the head. They have a very short, thread-like, tail. They are up to 4 m (13 ft) in width.
McEachran et al. (1996) place the butterfly rays in the subfamily Gymnurinae of the family Dasyatidae, but this article follows FishBase and ITIS in treating them as a family.

## Species

There are currently 14 species in this genus (others are considered synonyms):
* Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand, 1946)
* Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) – Spiny butterfly ray
* Gymnura australis (E. P. Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) – Australian butterfly ray
* Gymnura crebripunctata (W. K. H. Peters, 1869) – Longsnout butterfly ray
* Gymnura hirundo (Lowe, 1843) – Madeira butterfly ray
* Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) – Japanese butterfly ray
* Gymnura lessae (Yokota & Carvalho, 2017) – Lessa's butterfly ray
* Gymnura marmorata (J. G. Cooper, 1864) – California butterfly ray
* Gymnura micrura (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) – Smooth butterfly ray
* Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1911) – Backwater butterfly ray
* Gymnura poecilura (G. Shaw, 1804) – Longtail butterfly ray
* Gymnura sereti (Yokota & Carvalho, 2017) – Seret's butterfly ray
* Gymnura tentaculata (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841) – Tentacled butterfly ray
* Gymnura zonura (Bleeker, 1852) – Zonetail butterfly ray

### Synonyms

* Gymnura bimaculata (Norman, 1925) - synonym of Gymnura japonica
* Gymnura crooki Fowler, 1934 - synonym of Gymnura poecilura

## Diet

These species commonly prey on fish, crustaceans and mollusks.
# Statism and Anarchy

Statism and Anarchy (Russian: Государственность и анархия, Gosudarstvennost' i anarkhiia, literally "Statehood and Anarchy") was the last work by the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin. Written in the summer of 1873, the key themes of the work are the likely impact on Europe of the Franco-Prussian war and the rise of the German Empire, Bakunin's view of the weaknesses of the Marxist position and an affirmation of anarchism. Statism and Anarchy was the only one of Bakunin's major anarchist works to be written in Russian and was primarily aimed at a Russian audience, with an initial print run of 1,200 copies printed in Switzerland and smuggled into Russia.
Marshall Shatz writes that Statism and Anarchy "helped to lay the foundations of a Russian anarchist movement as a separate current within the revolutionary stream".
The quote The People's Stick, condemning tyranny imposed with the rationale that the state represents "the people" as in Marxism, originates in this book:
   When the people are being beaten with a stick, they are not much happier if it is called "the People's Stick".
At one point, most of the socialist movement had been effectively anarchist, following the lead of individualist anarchist Pierre Joseph Proudhon. With the First Internationale it had effectively split into two factions, the anarcho-syndicalists typified by Bakunin, and the Marxists, who claimed an anarchist long-term goal of the state "withering away", but would impose an authoritarian "dictatorship of the proletariat" for the foreseeable future. In this quote, as in the book, Bakunin argued that the Marxist authoritarianism was little better than any other. His overall description of the ostensibly inevitable outcome of Marxism was very similar to Stalinism sixty years later.

## Published editions

* Harrison, J. F., ed. (1976). Statism and Anarchy. Translated by Plummer, C. H. Revisionist Press. ISBN 9780877002192.
* Shatz, Marshall S., ed. (1990). Statism and Anarchy. Translated by Shatz, Marshall S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36182-8. OCLC 20826465.
# Alexei Yurchak

Alexei Vladimirovich Yurchak (Russian: Алексей Владимирович Юрчак; born July 21, 1960) is a Russian-born American anthropologist and professor of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. His research concerns the history of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet transformations in Russia and the post-Soviet states.

## Early life and education

Yurchak was born on 21 July 1960 and raised in Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg), Soviet Union. He was trained as a physicist and managed a local musical group, AVIA. He then moved to the United States, where he received his Ph.D. in cultural anthropology from Duke University in 1997.

## "Hypernormalization"

Yurchak coined the term "hypernormalization" in his 2005 book Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation. The book focused on the political, social and cultural conditions during what he terms "late socialism" (the period after Stalinism but before perestroika, mid-1950s – mid-1980s) which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In 2007, Everything Was Forever won the Wayne S. Vucinich Book Prize from the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
Yurchak rewrote the book in Russian, expanding and revising it considerably. It was published in 2014 by Moscow's New Literary Observer and won the 2015 Enlightener Prize in the Humanities category.

## Books

* Это было навсегда, пока не кончилось. Последнее советское поколение (in Russian). Moscow: New Literary Observer. 2014. ISBN 978-5-4448-0361-5.
* Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-691-12117-8.

## Popular Culture

Science fiction authors and brothers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky described the reality Alexei Yurchak would later coin as hypernormalisation in their 1971 novel Roadside Picnic. This book was the base for Andrei Tarkovsky's 1979 movie "Stalker".
In 2016 British filmmaker Adam Curtis released his documentary "HyperNormalisation" which re-popularised the term for modern audiences.
# Allison Alderson

Allison Leigh Alderson DeMarcus (born January 18, 1977) is an American actress, television host, and beauty pageant titleholder who has competed in the Miss Teen USA, Miss USA and Miss America pageants. Alderson is married to Jay DeMarcus, the bassist of country music band Rascal Flatts

## Biography

Alderson grew up in Jackson, Tennessee, and is a graduate of the University School of Jackson. She graduated cum laude with a degree in business administration from Rhodes College in 1999, where she served as president of the Chi Omega sorority. She won the Wall Street Journal Award for Excellence in Finance because she was the top finance student in her graduating class. As part of the Bryce Harlow Institute of Business and Government Affairs, she also studied at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. Alderson's sister Amy held the Miss District of Columbia USA 1999 title, at the same time that Alderson was Miss Tennessee. Alderson's sister is married to country artist James Otto. Alderson was Miss Tennessee Teen USA 1994, Miss Tennessee 1999 and Miss Tennessee USA 2002.
Alderson currently works on the CMT show Hot 20 Countdown and is the regular host of the Miss Tennessee pageant, which is held in her hometown, Jackson. She has been a red-carpet-show host for the CMT Music Awards, a roving reporter and correspondent for the Miss America pageant, and a correspondent for CMT Insider. She served as "style judge" for CMT's Karaoke Dokey and hosted Extreme Makeover: Quickbooks Edition.
Off camera, Alderson is on the boards of directors of Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, the Women's Fund of the Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee, the Make-A-Wish Foundation of Middle Tennessee, and the Miss Tennessee Scholarship Pageant. She also volunteers for Chi Omega, the Nashville Symphony League, the Nashville Humane Association, the Nashville Ballet, Second Harvest Food Bank, the Nashville Alliance and the Oasis Center.
Alderson is currently the founder and CEO of the Miss Volunteer America pageant.

## Personal life

On May 15, 2004, Alderson married Jay DeMarcus, bassist and pianist in the band Rascal Flatts. Alderson met DeMarcus when she acted in the music video for the band's song "These Days". The couple has two children.
Additionally, country music singer-songwriter James Otto is Alderson's brother-in-law through his marriage to her sister Amy.
# Central Amalgamated Workers' Union

No.
The Central Amalgamated Workers' Union (CAWU) is a trade union in New Zealand. It is one of three autonomous unions, with the Northern Amalgamated Workers' Union, and the Southern Amalgamated Workers' Union, who operate nationally as the Amalgamated Workers' Union (AWUNZ).