OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Striped shiner

The striped shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. This species is found in eastern North America.

## Description

The striped shiner is a silvery fish with three to four dorsolateral stripes and dark crescents on the sides. The scales and sensory pores on the snout can be outlined in black. Fins are milky to clear in color while the caudal fins have a milky base with a black or gray spot. Males can have pink snouts with areas of red or pink on the rest of the body.
Striped shiners have large, terminal mouths and may grow up to 9 inches (23 cm) in length.

## Diet

Striped shiners eat on a wide range of items. Mostly they feed up in the water column on a range of insects including: termites, mayflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, beetles and terrestrial midges. They also feed on the bottom materials like algae. They feed continuously day and night but feed more on the bottom at night.

## Habitat

These shiners can be found in the mid to upper regions of streams and rivers. They can also be found in rocky pools in clear and turbid creeks.

## Distribution

They can be found in the Gulf Coast drainages from Texas to Alabama and upwards to Tennessee. Striped shiners can be found in the Great Lakes, New York and Wisconsin.

## Reproduction

The breeding season of striped shiners occurs from March to July but can extend into October. During this time male and female colours change from silver to gold and all fins change to orange with the exception of their tail, They spawn in shallow waters over gravelly bottom streams with depressions and over other fishes nests. The males make the depressions by pushing the gravel out with their nose or picking up pieces with their mouths. Males are aggressive towards other males and may bite or attack them with the breeding tubercles they develop on the head and body. The males swim down and tilt to the side while the females swim up alongside the males. The males then swing their caudal peduncle onto the females back. This posture lasts for several seconds but may be interrupted by other aggressive males.

## Etymology

Luxilus is derived from lux meaning "light" and illus meaning "little" while chrysocephalus means "golden head".
# Hippocrates Med Review

The Hippocrates Med Review (HMR) is an independent student journal at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 2016, the Hippocrates Med Review is a medical journal that promotes patient education. They were the recipient of the Johns Hopkins University Ten by Twenty Idealab Challenge put out by President Ronald J. Daniels.
The review is published every semester in a full-color magazine format. Its total circulation is approximately 1,200, including the local campuses of Johns Hopkins, area colleges, and private hospitals in the greater Baltimore region. A mobile app was released on April 18, 2018. It also launched the Osler Medical Symposium, a student-run lecture series that calls on prominent leaders in medicine to speak about the current state of medicine.
In 2021, the review expanded to the University of Pittsburgh. marking its first chapter outside of Johns Hopkins University.

## Awards

Johns Hopkins' President Ronald J. Daniels issued a challenge to the community to offer ideas to advance one of the priorities of the university's Ten by Twenty vision, offering $20,000 to the top two ideas to bring their ideas to fruition. Hippocrates Med Review, a start up at the time, was chosen as one of the two winners for this Ten by Twenty IdeaLab Challenge.
# USS LST-469

USS LST-469 was a United States Navy LST-1-class tank landing ship used in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II. As with many of her class, the ship was never named. Instead, she was referred to by her hull designation.

## Construction

The ship was laid down on 23 October 1942, under United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 989, by Kaiser Shipyards, Vancouver, Washington; launched 27 November 1942; and commissioned on 8 March 1943.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-469 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater.

### Submarine attack

On 16 June 1943, she was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-174 while travelling in Convoy GP55 off the east coast of Australia. She was towed to the Cockatoo Island Dockyard, Sydney, where she was repaired in August 1943.

## Pacific operations

After being repaired she participated in the following operations, Hollandia operation in April 1944; the Western New Guinea operations, the Toem-Wakde-Sarmi area operation in May 1944, the Biak Islands operation in May and June 1944, the Noemfoor Island operation in July 1944, the Cape Sansapor operation in July and August 1944, and the Morotai landing in September 1944; the Leyte operation in October 1944; and the Lingayen Gulf landings in January 1945.
Following the war, LST-469 performed occupation duty in the Far East until 24 October 1945, and saw China service from 25 October to 2 November 1945. Upon her return to the United States, LST-469 was decommissioned on 27 March 1946, and struck from the Navy Directory on 1 May, that same year. On 13 December 1947, the tank landing ship was sold to Hughes Bros., Inc., New York City, for scrapping.

## Honors and awards

LST-469 earned four battle stars for her World War II service.
# Tomake Chai (film)

Tomake Chai is a 2017 Indian Bengali romance film directed by Rajiv Kumar Biswas and produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films and Surinder Films. The film features Bonny Sengupta and Koushani Mukherjee in lead roles. It is a remake of award-winning 2011 Kannada movie Sanju Weds Geetha.

## Story

The movie is centered around a young couple, Joy (Bonny Sengupta) and Diya (Koushani Mukherjee) who fall in love in college. Diya and Joy are madly in love with each other, but Diya, who has been molested by her cousin from her childhood, reveals it to Joy and asks him to marry her. On the day of their marriage she is again molested by her cousin and Joy kills him to save Diya and goes to jail. In the course of time, Diya loses her memory and becomes pregnant and escapes from her home. Eventually she reaches the jail, where Joy was once kept. Diya dies in that jail, while Joy gets killed while escaping from the jail.

## Cast

* Bonny Sengupta as Joy Ghosh
* Koushani Mukherjee as Diya Sen
* Supriyo Dutta as Layer Ajay Sen & Diya's uncle
* Biswajit Chakraborty as Diya's father
* Biswanath Basu as Joy's uncle
* Raja Dutta
* Anindo Banerjee as
* Asim Ray Chowdhury
* Aniban Chakraborty
* Abonti Dutta
* Tonuka Chatterjee
* Sandy as Bhanu

## Soundtrack

Tomake Chai contains 4 songs composed by Indradeep Dasgupta and lyrics written by Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee). The songs are sung by Arijit Dev, Arijit Singh, Anwesha Datta Gupta and, Madhura.
# First World privilege

First World privilege is any advantages accrued by an individual by virtue of being a national of a First World country.

## Overview

First-World privilege is often explicitly maintained by legal means such as immigration laws and trade barriers. Further, very few nations have laws that prevent explicit discrimination on the basis of nationality for access to employment, promotions, education, scholarships, etc. Laws of many nations actively encourage the discrimination against foreign nationals, for employment and educational purposes, via stringent immigration requirements, exorbitant fees, devaluation of educational qualifications, and scholarship quotas that usually favor citizens from developed nations.
First World nations usually have mutual trade and immigration arrangements and treaties that limit the discrimination faced by First-World nationals regarding employment, education and business in other First World countries. The existence of discriminatory laws and barriers across the world, according to First World privilege theory, on balance systematically favor the employment, business, access to education and health care, and subsequently welfare of citizens of First World nations at the cost of the welfare and oppression of the people of developing nations.
In general, the term "privilege" when referring to social inequality has been criticized for not distinguishing between "spared injustice" and "unjust enrichment".
# Joseph Reagle

Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. (born 1972) is an American academic and writer focused on digital technology and culture, including Wikipedia, online comments, geek feminism, and life hacking. He is an associate professor of communication studies at Northeastern University. He was an early member of the World Wide Web Consortium, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1998 and 2010 he was a fellow at Harvard University's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society.

## Education

Reagle received an undergraduate degree in computer science and a minor in history from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He then enrolled in the Technology Policy Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and wrote a masters thesis on trust and cryptographic financial instruments. He returned to MIT as a research engineer, and also served as a fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University. He returned to schooling at New York University, where he taught, and earned a PhD in 2008 with a thesis about the history and collaborative culture of Wikipedia, supervised by Helen Nissenbaum.

## Career and research

Reagle was a member of the World Wide Web Consortium from 1996 to 2003. There he worked on issues such as intellectual property and privacy.
In 2002, he was listed as one of MIT Technology Review's TR35, a list of the world's top innovators under the age of 35.
In 2010, he reconstructed the first ten thousand contributions to Wikipedia from a previously lost data dump as a simple website. According to Reagle, the early years of Wikipedia involved instances of antisemitic misconduct by Wikipedia contributors. Reagle highlights a broader 2005 episode when neo-Nazis apparently mobilized to preserve an article on "Jewish ethnocentrism," based on the writings of antisemitic professor Kevin MacDonald.
In 2011, Reagle published a journal article with Lauren Rhue that examined gender bias in Wikipedia, using gendered pronouns to detect articles about women and comparing and contrasting their findings against female coverage in other encyclopedias. The article concluded "that Wikipedia provides better coverage and longer articles, that Wikipedia typically has more articles on women than Britannica in absolute terms, but Wikipedia articles on women are more likely to be missing than articles on men relative to Britannica".
Reagle is a supporter of open access and all of his books are available online.

## Selected publications

* Reagle, Joseph (2010). Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia. History and Foundations of Information Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262518208. JSTOR j.ctt5hhhnf. OCLC 496282188.
* Reagle, Joseph (2015). Reading the Comments: Likers, Haters, and Manipulators at the Bottom of the Web. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/10116.001.0001. ISBN 9780262028936. JSTOR j.ctt17kkb2f. OCLC 891941812.
* Reagle, Joseph; Koerner, Jackie, eds. (2020). Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262538176. OCLC 1150825819.
# Defense Academic Information Technology Consortium

The Defense Academic Information Technology Consortium (or DAITC), formerly the Department of Defense Education Information Security Working Group (DODEISWG), is an organization consisting of IT leadership from a number of United States Federal Government academic degree-granting institutions. The group advocates the use of information technology resources to advance the educational mission of the U.S. Department of Defense and other federal agencies.
DAITC was organized and founded by the Naval War College in May 2008 and disbanded at the direction of Naval War College leadership in October 2009.
Talk of its demise, however, was somewhat premature. Chairmanship was moved to the National Defense University in 2009. The group narrowed its focus and membership so that it could address problems among accredited academic institutions more effectively. Meetings have been held every six months at different sites. Currently, the DAITC meets in conjunction with the Military Education Coordination Council's (MECC) Distance Learning Coordination Council (DLCC) and the MECC's Library working group.

## United States Federal Academic Degree Granting Institutions

* Department of the Air Force
** Air Force Institute of Technology
** Air University
** U.S. Air Force Academy
* Department of the Army
** U.S. Army Command & General Staff College
** U.S. Army War College
** U.S. Military Academy
* Department of the Navy
** Marine Corps University
** Naval Postgraduate School
** Naval War College
** U.S. Naval Academy
* Other DoD
** Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment
** Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center
** National Defense Intelligence College
** National Defense University
** Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
* Non-DOD
** U.S. Coast Guard Academy
** U.S. Merchant Marine Academy

## Conferences

* Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island - 25 September 2008
* Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland - 18–19 June 2009
* Denver, Colorado (in conjunction with EDUCAUSE 2009 - November 2009
* Air University, Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, Alabama - March 2010
* Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island - September 2010
* Joint Forces Staff College, Norfolk, Virginia - March 2011
# Azhar Abidi

Azhar Ali Abidi (born 1968 in Wah, Pakistan) is a Pakistani Australian author and translator. He went to school in Pakistan and later studied electrical engineering at the Imperial College London and Master of Business Administration at the University of Melbourne. He migrated to Australia in 1994 and lives in Melbourne, Australia.

## Career

Abidi has written translations, travelogues, and a number of short stories, including the Borgesian The Secret History of the Flying Carpet, which is a fictitious story in a seemingly scholarly essay. His first novel, Passarola Rising (2006), was published by Viking Penguin in Australia, USA, Canada and India and translated into Spanish and Portuguese. It is set in Europe during the eighteenth century and is the fictionalised story of a true life Brazilian priest and aviation pioneer, Bartolomeu de Gusmão, who built a flying ship but fell foul of the Inquisition. Written in the style of an old-fashioned adventure story, it is a veiled criticism of the scientific materialism emerging from the European Enlightenment, and its inability to explain spiritual and supernatural phenomena. Passarola Rising was shortlisted for the 2006 Melbourne Literature Prize.
In his second novel, Twilight (2008), Abidi turns to domestic and realist themes. Set in Pakistan during the 1980s, it is the story of an elderly matriarch, and her reaction to the changes she sees in her family and society during the turbulent times. Twilight is published by Text Publishing in Australia and by Viking Penguin in the United States and India. It appears in the United States as The House of Bilqis (2009).
In 2010, Abidi wrote an essay on Pakistan, The Road to Chitral, for Granta Online, which is a travelogue and a meditation on violence in the region.
His short story, When the Angel Comes, is set in Iran just after the Islamic revolution of 1979. When the pro-Western, pro-American Shah fled the country, thousands of his supporters were arrested and many were executed by the new regime. This story is about a diplomat and courtier of the deposed Shah who is caught up in that turmoil.
# Brach Myers

Brach Jerad Myers is an American politician serving as a member of the Louisiana Senate from the 23rd district. A member of the Republican Party, Myers has been in office since March 11, 2025.

## Career

Myers is the Senior Vice President of Corporate Development at the LHC Group. Myers won the election to represent District 45 in the Louisiana House of Representatives on October 14, 2023, with 70% of the vote against Paul "Scott" LeBleu's 25%. He was elected to the Louisiana Senate in a 2025 special election, defeating Jesse Regan. Myers replaced Jean-Paul Coussan, who was elected to serve on the state public service commission.
# Atta cephalotes

Atta cephalotes is a species of leafcutter ant in the tribe Attini (the fungus-growing ants). A single colony of ants can contain up to 5 million members, and each colony has one queen that can live more than 20 years. The colony comprises different castes, known as "task partitioning", and each caste has a different job to do. This caste includes: Mininms, Medias and Majors

## Taxonomy

The species is one of the earliest formally classified ants, first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as Formica cephalotes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae together with 16 other ant species, all of which he placed in the genus Formica. It was later transferred to a new genus, Atta, along with five other species by Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804. In 1911, American entomologist William Morton Wheeler designated A. cephalotes as the type species of Atta. It was also designated as the type species of Oecodoma, but the genus is now a synonym of Atta.

## Biology and behaviour

The elder workers manages the colony's rubbish dump. These ants are excluded from the rest of the colony. If any wander outside the dump, the other ants will kill them or force them back. Rubbish workers are often contaminated with disease and toxins, and live only half as long as their peers. Ants lay pheromone trails as a method of communication to guide other ants to a discovered food source when returning to the nest. Minims work in the nest, digging, tending fungi and taking care of brood. Additionally they can ride the backs of the larger caste members for transport or, more importantly, defending ants encumbered by leaves from parasitic insects such as phorid flies which will lay eggs in the heads of leafcutter ants. The media act as harvesters. They bring leaves back to the nest for fungus cultivation. Lastly the majors almost exclusively perform defensive tasks guarding harvesting trails from other insects.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 200 square meters. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO$_2$ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.
# Itzhak Levanon

Itzhak Levanon (Hebrew: יצחק לבנון; 5 November 1944 – 27 December 2023) was an Israeli diplomat who was Ambassador to Egypt from 2009 to 2011.

## Biography

Itzhak Levanon was born in Beirut to Yosef and Shulamit Kishik-Cohen. He attended Alliance Israélite Universelle, the International College at the American University of Beirut and College Beluga. He earned a degree in Middle Eastern studies and international relations from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Levanon died on 27 December 2023, at the age of 79.

## Diplomatic career

Levanon began his public service career in 1969 as assistant for Arab affairs to Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek. In 1972, he joined the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, serving as a member of the Israeli mission to the United Nations in New York City. After the Madrid Conference, he was sent to Washington, D.C. as a member of the Israeli delegation to the peace talks. After several years in Venezuela and Colombia he spent five years in Paris, followed by five years in Canada and five years in Boston.
Levanon served as ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva and spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Arab world.
Levanon was appointed political counselor of the Embassy of Israel in France in 1982. In 1990 he was appointed consul general of Israel in Montreal. In 1994, he became the director of the North Africa and Lebanon Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1997, he was appointed consul general of Israel in New England.
# Hubbard Foods

Hubbard Foods Ltd is a manufacturer of breakfast cereals based in Auckland, New Zealand. It operates under the Hubbard brand as well as producing for private labels. Hubbard Foods Ltd was founded by Dick Hubbard, who temporarily stepped down as CEO from 2004 to 2007 to serve as the mayor of Auckland.
As reported by The Sunday Star-Times in July 2010. The company is noted as the third significant player in the New Zealand 'ready-to-eat' cereal market, following Sanitarium and Kellogg's. Currently employs approximately 150 people.

## History

Established in 1989 as Winner Foods, the company underwent a name change after two years, with the founder opting to use the family name on cereal boxes and renaming it Hubbard Foods Ltd. In 2008, there was contemplation of selling the company, but the decision was made to retain ownership.
In 2010, a notable initiative took place as Hubbard Foods, in collaboration with Vector Limited, installed the largest commercial thin-film solar PV panel system in New Zealand on the roof of its South Auckland building.
Subsequently, in 2018, the company transitioned ownership to HFG Group, later rebranded as Walter & Wild under the ownership of Harry Hart and his father Graeme Hart.
# Scythopolis

Scythopolis may refer to :
# John Keen (Canadian politician)

John Keen (January 23, 1844 – February 22, 1922) was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1918 to 1920. He succeeded John Walter Weart. He was a member of Liberal Party and had won the election for the 14th Parliament of British Columbia from the constituency of Kaslo. He had earlier been defeated in the 1900, 1907, and 1912 provincial elections. He was also defeated when he sought re-election in the 1920 provincial election.
# Cutler, Ohio

Cutler is an unincorporated community in southwestern Fairfield Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45724. It lies at the intersection of State Route 555 and County Road 59 near Gilbert Run, a subsidiary of the Little Hocking River, which meets the Ohio River at Little Hocking to the southeast.
Boord State Nature Preserve (39°23′30″N 81°44′46″W﻿ / ﻿39.391562°N 81.746077°W﻿ / 39.391562; -81.746077) is on Fall Run Road, Cutler. It features a hemlock ravine.

## History

Cutler was originally called Harshaville, and under the latter name was laid out in 1857, and named for Dr. John M. Harsha, the original owner of the town site. The present name honors William P. Cutler, an early settler. A post office called Cutler has been in operation since 1863. Was recently closed.

## Education

Cutler is a part of the Warren Local School System.
# Hispanic Enterprise Magazine

Hispanic Enterprise Magazine, formerly Hispanic Trends Magazine, was a joint project of Editorial Televisa and the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. Its headquarters was in Miami, Florida. The publication is a source of news, features and information for every Hispanic entrepreneur and anyone affiliated with the Hispanic marketplace. In 2006, Hispanic Enterprise successfully launched its digital version.
Published in English, Hispanic Enterprise aimed at the business community of Hispanic entrepreneurs. It was primarily distributed to members of the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, which at last count in 2005, numbered approximately 2 million in the United States, generating almost $300 billion in annual gross receipt.
In July 2008, the magazine was combined with PODER Magazine and started circulating under the name PODER Enterprise.