OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Valentino

Nicholas A. Valentino is an American political scientist. He currently serves as a principal investigator of the American National Election Studies (ANES).
Valentino earned a bachelor's degree from Brown University and completed his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles. He began teaching at the University of Michigan in 1997. He left Michigan for an appointment as Mike Hogg Professor of Community Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin in 2007. He returned to the University of Michigan faculty in 2009.
Valentino is the Donald R. Kinder Collegiate Professor of Political Science and Research Professor at the Center for Political Studies at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. He served as president of the International Society of Political Psychology from 2019-2020. Valentino specializes in political psychological approaches to understanding public opinion formation, socialization, information seeking and electoral participation. His work employs experimental methods, surveys, and content analyses of political communication. The research has focused on the intersecting roles of racial attitudes and emotional dynamics, and has been published in the American Political Science Review, the American Journal of Political Science, The Journal of Politics, Political Psychology, and Public Opinion Quarterly. Valentino is currently exploring the changing nature of racial rhetoric in America and around the world, and the ways empathy for outgroups can blunt dangerous overreactions to threats from globalization and multiculturalism.
With Alex Mintz and Carly Wayne, Valentino is a co-author of Beyond Rationality: Behavioral Political Science in the 21st Century (Cambridge University Press 2021). He is the co-author of Seeing Us in Them: Social Divisions and the Politics of Group Empathy with Cigdem V. Sirin, and José D. Villalobos (Cambridge University Press 2021). Seeing Us in Them examines outgroup empathy as a powerful predisposition in politics that pushes individuals to see past social divisions and work together in complex, multicultural societies. It also reveals racial/ethnic intergroup differences in this predisposition, rooted in early patterns of socialization and collective memory. The book won the APSA Best Book Award (2022), the David Sears Best Book in Political Psychology (2022), the Robert Lane Award (2022), and the Best Book in Experimental Political Science Award (APSA, 2022).
David O. Sears and Shanto Iyengar were Valentino's dissertation co-chairs at UCLA.
Valentino has served as chair or co-chair on the dissertation committees of: Hilary Izatt, Sara Morell, Anil Menon, Kirill Zhirkov, Marzia Oceno, James Newburg, Erin Cikanek, Princess Williams, Julia Kamin, Fabian Neuner, Timothy Ryan, Ismail White, Eric Groenendyk, Antoine Banks, Yanna Krupnikov, Patrick O’Mahen; Katie Brown, Debra Melican, Krysha Gregorowicz, Rossie Hutchinson, Christine Brittle, Thomas Buhr, and Matthew Vandenbroek.
# Calypso, North Carolina

Calypso is a town in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 327.

## History

The Bryan Whitfield Herring Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

## Geography

Calypso is located in northwestern Duplin County. U.S. Route 117 passes through the town, leading northeast 4 miles (6 km) to Mount Olive and 18 miles (29 km) to Goldsboro, and south 3 miles (5 km) to Faison and 11 miles (18 km) to Warsaw. U.S. Route 117 Connector leads southwest 5 miles (8 km) to Interstate 40 at a point 70 miles (110 km) north of Wilmington and 58 miles (93 km) south of Raleigh.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Calypso has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 410 people, 178 households, and 111 families residing in the town. The population density was 422.7 inhabitants per square mile (163.2/km$^2$). There were 204 housing units at an average density of 210.3 per square mile (81.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 71.71% White, 22.93% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 3.17% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.39% of the population.
There were 178 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $25,865 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,244. About 12.5% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Ethel Percy Andrus

Ethel Percy Andrus (September 21, 1884 – July 13, 1967) was a long-time educator and the first female high school principal in California. She was also an elder rights activist and the founder of AARP in 1958.
In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. In 1995, she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.

## Early life and education

Andrus earned a bachelor of philosophy degree from the University of Chicago in 1903 and a Bachelor of Science degree from Lewis Institute, now Illinois Institute of Technology, in 1918. She then went on to receive her master's and doctoral degrees from the University of Southern California in 1928 and 1930, respectively.

## Career

While teaching at the Lewis Institute, she volunteered at Jane Addams' Hull House.
Andrus founded a separate organization, the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA) in 1947. She realized that retired teachers were living on very small pensions, often without any health insurance. She approached more than 30 companies to offer health insurance to retired teachers before she found someone willing to take a chance on NRTA members in 1956. The organization expanded its membership to all retirees and became AARP in 1958.
In 1954, she moved to Ojai, California, to start Grey Gables of Ojai, an NRTA sponsored retirement community. She ran both NRTA and AARP from her offices in Ojai until 1964 when she moved the administrative branch of AARP to Long Beach. It was while living in Ojai that she founded AARP in 1958. Today, the NRTA is still a division of AARP and serves as its educator community.

## Death and legacy

Andrus died July 13, 1967, in Long Beach, California, and is buried at Ivy Lawn Memorial Park in Ventura, California.
The Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center is named after her at the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, the oldest and largest existing professional school of gerontology.
Among Andrus' many accomplishments is a stint as a faculty member at Chicago's Lewis Institute, a predecessor of Illinois Institute of Technology, and being the first woman principal of a major urban high school in the state of California at Abraham Lincoln High School in Los Angeles. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1993. The Extra Mile National Monument in Washington, D.C., selected Andrus as one of its 37 honorees. The Extra Mile pays homage to Americans like Andrus who set their own self-interest aside to help others and successfully brought positive social change to the United States.
# Harrellsville, North Carolina

Harrellsville is a town in Hertford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 106 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Harrellsville is located in southeastern Hertford County. North Carolina Highway 45 runs through the town, leading northwest 11 miles (18 km) to Winton, the county seat, and south 7 miles (11 km) to Colerain.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Harrellsville has a total area of 0.29 square miles (0.75 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 102 people, 47 households, and 36 families residing in the town. The population density was 307.3 inhabitants per square mile (118.6/km$^2$). There were 50 housing units at an average density of 150.6 per square mile (58.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 71.49% White, 21.51% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 47 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.49.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.6% under the age of 18, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $32,000, and the median income for a family was $31,500. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,051. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

## History

The town of Harrellsville was founded in the 1820s by the Harrell families. A post office was established in 1827, and Abner Harrell became the postmaster in 1833. Originally known as Bethel, the town was changed to Harrellsville in the 1860s out of respect for Abner Harrell. Originally, Abner Harrell's house, one of the largest buildings in the town, remained standing until circa 2000, when the land it stood on was purchased and the house torn down.
The Harrellsville Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

## Notable person

* Robert Holmes Smith (1898–1943) Commander, Squadron 2, U.S. Navy Pacific Submarine Fleet in World War II
# Gylippidae

Gylippidae is a family of solifuges, first described by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1933.

## Genera

As of October 2022, the World Solifugae Catalog accepts the following five genera:
* Acanthogylippus Birula, 1913
* Bdellophaga Wharton, 1981
* Gylippus Simon, 1879
* Lipophaga Purcell, 1903
* Trichotoma Lawrence, 1968
# Barber Dam

The Barber Dam is a timber-crib dam in the western United States, on the Boise River in southwestern Idaho. Located in Ada County, about three miles (5 km) east of Boise, the dam was constructed by the Barber Lumber Company between 1904 and 1906 to serve as a mill pond for timber. A power plant was also constructed in conjunction with the dam which powered the mill and the town of Barberton (Barber), which was established in 1910.
In 1934, the Great Depression effected the closure of the mill and the facilities were purchased by Boise Cascade. The Harris Ranch purchased the dam and mill after the depression and developed the area for residential property. The dam was purchased by Ada County in 1977 and is currently regulated by the Idaho Department of Water Resources.
The run-of-the-river dam's power house contains two Kaplan turbine generators with a combined capacity of 4.14 MW and is operated by Enel Green Power. The dam and lumber mill were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978.
# Miami Conservatory

The Miami Conservatory is a school of ballet and classical dance, located in South Miami, Florida. Founded in 1949 by Thomas Armour, it is the oldest school of ballet in South Florida.
The conservatory trains students of all ages, with more of an emphasis on young children. Many of the students of the conservatory go on to perform at the Miami City Ballet, a professional ballet company with a national and international reputation, founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin with founding artistic director, Edward Villella.
Famous alumni include actress Fiona Hutchison, who learned from Armour as a child.
# Warsaw, North Carolina

Warsaw is a town in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,733.

## History

The Warsaw Historic District and Joshua James Blanchard House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

Warsaw is located in western Duplin County. U.S. Route 117 passes through the center of town as Pine Street; it leads north 30 miles (48 km) to Goldsboro and south 19 miles (31 km) to Wallace. North Carolina Highway 50 (Memorial Drive) intersects US 117 at the north end of town and leads east 8 miles (13 km) to Kenansville, the Duplin County seat. Interstate 40 passes to the south and west of Warsaw, with access from Exit 369 (US 117, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of the center of town) and Exit 364 (NC 24, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of the town center).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.1 square miles (7.9 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Warsaw racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 652 | 23.86% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,497 | 54.77% |
| Native American | 5 | 0.18% |
| Asian | 19 | 0.7% |
| Other/Mixed | 60 | 2.2% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 500 | 18.29% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,733 people, 1,139 households, and 547 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,051 people, 1,187 households, and 777 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,093.0 inhabitants per square mile (422.0/km$^2$). There were 1,331 housing units at an average density of 476.8 per square mile (184.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 35.89% White, 50.54% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.59% Pacific Islander, 11.86% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.77% of the population.
There were 1,187 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 23.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $23,358, and the median income for a family was $27,473. Males had a median income of $20,859 versus $19,861 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,476. About 24.3% of families and 30.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.7% of those under age 18 and 26.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Lucile Aycock McKee (1919—2013), president of the Junior League of Raleigh
# Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary

Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary is a protected natural area located in the region of Tumbes, Peru. Established in 1988, it protects the largest area of mangrove forest in Peru.

## Geography

This protected area is located in Zarumilla Province, Tumbes; close to the border with Ecuador. With an area of 29.72 square kilometres (11.47 sq mi), it harbors the largest mangrove forest in Peru.

## Ecology
### Flora

Five species of mangrove dominate the area: black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), button mangrove (Conocarpus erectus) and two species of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora harrisonii). Seasonally dry forest and scrubland can also be found in some parts of the sanctuary; tree species representative of this ecosystem being: Pithecellobium excelsum, Cordia lutea, Mimosa acantholoba, Parkinsonia praecox, Ceiba trischistandra, Loxopterygium huasango, Bursera graveolens, Cochlospermum spp., Prosopis pallida, Capparis scabrida; and some seasonal herbaceous species: Aristida adscensionis, Bouteloua aristidoides, Stylosanthes spp., Crotalaria spp.,Tephrosia cinerea, Cyperus spp., Scirpus spp., Distichlis spicata, Antephora hermaphrodita, Paspalum racemosum, Ipomoea spp., and Bidens pilosa.

### Fauna

The sanctuary protects 148 species of birds, being some of them the yellow-crowned night heron, the rufous-necked wood rail, the American yellow warbler and the American white ibis.
The sanctuary also protects 105 fish species, plus some other 40 migrant species.
Mammals found in the area include the crab-eating raccoon, the silky anteater and the neotropical otter.
Also, 33 snail species, 34 crustacean species, 24 bivalve species and 9 reptile species are found in the sanctuary.

## Recreation

It is possible to navigate, by kayak or canoe, the waterways inside the mangrove forest in the zone accessible to tourists (137,5 hectares = 4,61% of the sanctuary). In this area activities like walking on beaches, birdwatching and observation of the use of the mangrove ecosystem by the locals are also allowed.
Scientific research has been a constant activity since the creation of the sanctuary.

## Environmental issues

The clearance of mangrove forests and nearby seasonally dry forests to open land for shrimp farming and agriculture has an enormous impact on local ecosystems. Shrimp farms also capture and grow larva of local shrimp species from the mangrove forests with help of local inhabitants. These farms and agricultural lands also pollute the area with industrial waste and agricultural runoff.
Illegal extraction of edible crustaceans and bivalves; conflicts over land use rights with nearby villages and litter and wastewater discharge from nearby towns into the mangrove forest canals are also environmental issues affecting the sanctuary.
Introduced plant species like Tephrosia purpurea, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis cilianensis and Brachiaria mutica are found growing inside this protected area.
The American crocodile is no longer present in the area, rendering this species as one of the most threatened in the country.
# Mighty Lak' a Rose (film)

Mighty Lak' a Rose is a 1923 American silent drama film produced and directed by Edwin Carewe and distributed by Associated First National, later First National Pictures. This film stars James Rennie, Anders Randolf, and Dorothy Mackaill in her first starring role.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Jerome Trevor (Hardy), international pianist, pays a visit to an orphanage and is deeply struck by the talent of blind lass Rose Duncan (Mackaill) for violin playing. Learning that she has an uncle in New York City, he decides to make arrangements by which she can live with her relative and be advanced in her art. But while on her way, her uncle is killed by an automobile. Rose at Pennsylvania Station meets gang leader Bull Morgan (Randolf). In order to avoid arrest, Bull poses as her uncle, intending to desert her later that day. Later some gangsters direct Rose to Bull's headquarters. Bull realizes that the young blind woman could become a useful aid and she becomes a member of the gang. Jimmy Harrison (Rennie), a member of the gang, falls under the magic of Roses's wonderful music and her gentle ways. Rose is unaware that she is consorting with criminals and utilized to attract people to the front of a house while the gang operates in the rear. Finally Jimmy and Bull engage in a fight over Rose, and she is accidentally hit over the head and knocked senseless. While she is ill, her pleading with the gang has such good results that even Bull gives in and all resolve to take the straight path. However, after a famous surgeon states that Rose's sight can be restored by an operation, the gang decides to commit one final robbery to obtain the money. As a result, Jimmy is arrested and sent to jail. Jerome finds Rose and her music training is assured and her sight restored. Unaware of his arrest, she thinks Jimmy has deserted her. At the end of two years, Rose makes a successful debut. Jimmy, finally released, goes with his old companions to the reception to honor Rose. Although her gratitude to Jerome has led to an engagement with him, she breaks it in favor of the faithful Jimmy.

## Cast

* James Rennie as Jimmy Harrison
* Sam Hardy as Jerome Trevor
* Anders Randolf as Bull Morgan
* Harry Short as 'Slippery Eddie' Foster
* Dorothy Mackaill as Rose Duncan
* Helene Montrose as 'Hard-Boiled' Molly Malone
* Paul Panzer as Humpty Logan
* Dora Mills Adams as Mrs. Trevor

## Preservation

With no prints of Mighty Lak' a Rose located in any film archives, it is considered a lost film.
# Melrose, New Mexico

Melrose is a village in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 622 at the 2020 census. The town is losing population due to rural exodus.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km$^2$), all land.

## History

During the New Deal, a series of federal programs were to counteract the woes of the Great Depression, and the Melrose Art Center was established. The facility was considered to be located in the smallest town to have such a federal art center. Estella García was one of the teachers at the Center.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, 736 people, 309 households, and 200 families were residing in the village. The population density was 427.2 people per mi$^2$ (165.2/km$^2$). The 375 housing units averaged 217.7 per mi$^2$ (84.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 92.12% White, 0.27% African American, 1.49% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 3.53% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 11.55% of the population.
Of the 309 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were not families. About 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34, and the average family size was 2.99.
In the village, the age distribution was 25.8% under 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,607, and for a family was $31,635. Males had a median income of $24,643 versus $15,667 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,053. About 16.4% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Melrose is a part of Melrose Municipal Schools. The district includes two schools -
* Melrose Elementary School
* Melrose Junior High/High School

## Famous People

* Estella García - teacher; worked in Melrose.
* William Hanna (1910–2001) - co-founder of Hanna Barbera Studios; born in Melrose.