# San Luis, Arizona

San Luis is a city in Yuma County, Arizona, United States. The population was 35,257 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area. San Luis, located in the southwest corner of the state directly adjacent to Mexico's Federal Highway 2 at San Luis Rio Colorado, was the second fastest-growing city or town in Arizona from 1990 to 2000. According to 2022 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 35,770.

## History

The city was established in 1930 with the opening of a border-crossing station. In the last twenty years it has registered an accelerated population increase, going from 1,946 inhabitants in 1980, to approximately 20,000 in the year 2005. The city annexed over 16,000 acres (65 km$^2$) of land between 2006 and 2012, thereby increasing the availability of land for residential, commercial and industrial growth in the eastern part of town where the new commercial port of entry will be constructed.

## Geography

San Luis is located adjacent to the U.S.-Mexico border, opposite San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora. The lowest point in Arizona (70 feet/21 meters) is located on the Colorado River in San Luis, where it flows out of Arizona and into Sonora.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.5 square miles (68.63 km$^2$), of which 26.4 square miles (68.38 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.11%) is water.
The Gulf of Santa Clara is located 70 miles (110 km) south of San Luis and sits on the northernmost point of the Gulf of California, at its confluence with the Colorado River.

## Economy

Retail trade, agriculture and manufacturing form a large portion of the local economy. Another significant segment is the light industry located on both sides of the U.S./Mexico border. San Luis is an excellent site for labor-intensive manufacturing and assembly plants.
San Luis is contiguous with the neighboring San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora. The San Luis I Land Port of Entry is the main transportation crossing between the two cities, connecting US Highway 95, Mexican Federal Highway 2, and Sonora State Highway 40. Together they share the San Luis cotton growing area.$^{:83}$

### Top employers

According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in San Luis are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
| 1 | Gadsden Elementary School District | 845 |
| 2 | ACT Advanced Call Center Technologies | 812 |
| 3 | Arizona State Prison Complex – Yuma | 800 |
| 4 | Factor Sales | 396 |
| 5 | Walmart | 297 |
| 6 | City of San Luis | 243 |
| 7 | San Luis Regional Detention Center | 123 |

### Scenic attractions

Visitor attractions within a 30-minute drive of San Luis include the old Territorial Prison, Fort Yuma and the 16th century Fort Thomas Mission. Laguna, Imperial and Morelos Dams and the California sand dunes are also nearby. Fishing, water skiing and swimming at lakes along the Colorado River attract residents of the area and tourists alike. Located across the border is San Luis, Sonora, Mexico.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 15,322 people, 6,525 households and 2,876 families residing in the city. The population density was 796.3 people per square mile. There were 3,325 housing units at an average density of 125.8 per square mile (48.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 63.2 White, 0.3% Black or African American, 1.5% Native American, 0.2% Asian, and 2.8% from two or more races. 98.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 5,953 households, out of which 71.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.1% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 7.1% were non-families. 3.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.20 and the average family size was 4.33.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.6% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 13.4% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 144.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,637 and the median income for a family was $22,368. Males had a median income of $20,770 versus $14,149 for females. The per capita income for the city was $5,377. About 36.3% of families and 35.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.5% of those under age 18 and 44.3% of those age 65 or over.

### Prison

The Arizona State Prison Complex – Yuma is located on the corner of Avenue B and Juan Sanchez Boulevard, in San Luis. ASPC-Yuma provides housing to an average population of 2,279 convicted male felons. ASPC–Yuma is also a major employer in Yuma County, employing 755 full-time employees. Moreover, it is a provider of inmate work crews utilized by members of local, state and community organizations. Among other duties, ASPC-Yuma has a Wildland Fire Crew that consists of one sergeant, two correctional officers and twenty inmates that assists in fighting fires throughout Arizona.
San Luis Detention Facility was opened in 2007. The facility is owned by the San Luis Detention Facility Development Corporation, a subsidiary of the city, and is operated by LaSalle Corrections. The facility is located on the eastern edge of the city near the Arizona State Prison Complex. It has 464 beds to hold detainees, primarily for violations of immigration laws, from federal authorities. Approximately 80 full-time employees are employed by the facility.

## Climate

Climate data for San Luis, Arizona :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) | 93 (34) | 101 (38) | 106 (41) | 115 (46) | 122 (50) | 124 (51) | 119 (48) | 118 (48) | 110 (43) | 98 (37) | 89 (32) | 124 (51) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 73 (23) | 79 (26) | 86 (30) | 94 (34) | 102 (39) | 106 (41) | 105 (41) | 101 (38) | 90 (32) | 77 (25) | 68 (20) | 88 (31) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 42 (6) | 43 (6) | 48 (9) | 53 (12) | 60 (16) | 68 (20) | 76 (24) | 78 (26) | 72 (22) | 59 (15) | 48 (9) | 41 (5) | 57 (14) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 19 (−7) | 21 (−6) | 27 (−3) | 34 (1) | 35 (2) | 50 (10) | 56 (13) | 52 (11) | 43 (6) | 33 (1) | 26 (−3) | 23 (−5) | 19 (−7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.38 (9.7) | 0.37 (9.4) | 0.32 (8.1) | 0.12 (3.0) | 0.06 (1.5) | 0.06 (1.5) | 0.49 (12) | 0.38 (9.7) | 0.45 (11) | 0.18 (4.6) | 0.16 (4.1) | 0.72 (18) | 3.69 (92.6) |
| Source: weather.com ||||||||||||||

## Education

The city of San Luis is served by Gadsden Elementary School District #32, Somerton Elementary School District, and Yuma Union High School District #70. Harvest Preparatory Academy and PPEP TEC High Schools operate charter schools in San Luis. Arizona Western College operates a campus in San Luis.
The Gadsden Elementary School District elementary schools are: Rio Colorado Elementary, Arizona Desert Elementary, Ed Pastor Elementary, Cesar Chavez Elementary, and Desert View Elementary, San Luis Middle School and Southwest Jr. High. All the Gadsden elementary schools in San Luis are Performing Plus Schools as identified by the state of Arizona rating system. The Somerton School District operates Sun Valley Elementary School in eastern San Luis and buses some students to schools outside of town.
San Luis High School, part of the Yuma Union High School District, serves over 2,000 high school students from the Gadsden Elementary District. Harvest Preparatory Academy opened its doors in August 2009.
Students in the 7th and 8th grades enroll in college courses through Arizona Western College with many students successfully completing college pre-calculus in the eighth grade. Gadsden students also attend various universities throughout the country during the summer in cooperation with Johns Hopkins University. In 2011, over 140 students qualified for university courses. In 2010, Gadsden students earned over $200,000 in college scholarships. In 2011, 21 students in 5th and 6th grades also qualified for summer university coursework. Gadsden Elementary School District serves over 5,000 pre-school through eighth students and is known for its marching band, jazz band and mariachi. The district has been recognized for 7th and 8th grade students taking the college level ACT college entrance examination. Arizona State University provides undergraduate and graduate education certification and degree program in partnership with Gadsden Elementary School District at Southwest Junior High.

## Government

Mayors :
| Office | Name | Period |
| Mayor | Josefina C. Rodriguez | (1979–1982) |
| Mayor | Elias Bermudez | (1982–1984) |
| Mayor | Marco Antonio "Tony El Reyes | (1984–1994) |
| Mayor | Mike Lopez | (1994–1996) |
| Mayor | Pedro Julian | (1996–1997) |
| Mayor | A. Joe Harper | (1997–2003) |
| Mayor | Guillermina Fuentes | (2003–2004) |
| Mayor | Nieves G. Riedel | (2004–2006) |
| Mayor | Juan Carlos Escamilla | (2006–2012) |
| Mayor | Gerardo Sanchez | (2012–2022) |
| Mayor | Nieves G. Riedel | (2022–Present) |
| Office | Name | Period |
| Mayor | Nieves Riedel | (2022–Present) |
| Vice-Mayor | Luis E. Cabrera | (2022–Present) |
| Council Member | Maria C. Cruz | (2022–Present) |
| Council Member | Gloria Torres | (2020–Present) |
| Council Member | Matias Rosales | (2020–Present) |
| Council Member | Tadeo de la Hoya | (2022–Present) |
| Council Member | Javier Vargas | (2022–Present) |
| City Manager (Acting) | Ralph Velez | (2022–Present) |
| City Attorney | Kay Macuil | (2015–Present) |
| City Clerk | Sonia Cornelio | (2001–Present) |
| Chief of Police | Richard Jessup | (2018–Present) |
| Fire Chief | Angel Ramirez | (2018–Present) |
The city of San Luis uses a Council-Manager form of government, where the seven-member council appoints a city manager, city attorney, city engineer, city magistrate, chief of police and fire chief.
From 1996 to 2006, the city was in a plagued by a wave of recalls. The City had six different mayors in a 10-year period and went through almost two dozen council members during that time.
In January 2012, the city made national news when Alejandrina Cabrera, a city council candidate, was banned from running for office because it was claimed that she was not proficient enough in English. Yuma County Superior Judge John Nelson issued an order on January 25 stating that Cabrera's name be stricken from the ballot. Mayor Juan Carlos Escamilla had filed a lawsuit requesting that the court determine Cabrera's qualification to run for office based on her English skills. Cabrera had previously launched two unsuccessful recall campaigns against Escamilla, after the council raised utility rates. She claimed that the lawsuit was politically motivated. The issue was of national importance because it was reminiscent of Jim Crow Laws enacted in the southern United States between 1876 and 1965.

## Media
### Newspapers

Bajo el Sol is a major weekly newspaper in the town, published every Friday. The parent company of the Bajo el Sol, Freedom Publishers, Inc., also publishes The Yuma Sun, The Super Shopper and New Homes. The Yuma Sun is also a daily publication available in San Luis, as well as San Luis AZ News, a local weekly publication that has informed the community for over 20 years. Diario Noticias is a daily publication from San Luis Rio Colorado that covers news from around the region and is also available.

### Television

San Luis is served by these bilingual Yuma area/ Imperial Valley American TV stations:
* KVYE Channel 7 - (Univision) El Centro, subchannel LATV.
* KECY Channel 9 (FOX/ABC) - Yuma.
* KYMA-DT Channel 13 (NBC/CBS) - Yuma.
* KYUM-LD Channel 15 (Spanish language religious) - Yuma, Arizona.
* K19CX-D Channel 19 (PBS) (KAET) Phoenix, Arizona.
* KPAZ Channel 21 (TBN-religious) Wickenburg, Arizona.
* KESE-LD Channel 35 (Telemundo) - Yuma.
* KAJB Channels 36/54 (Telefutura) - El Centro.
Additionally by these Mexican TV Stations broadcast solely in Spanish:
* XHAQ Channel 1.1 (Azteca Uno) - Mexicali.
* XHBC Channel 4.1 (Televisa regional) - Mexicali.
* XHMEX Channel 5.1 (Televisa XHGC) - Mexicali.
* XHBM Channel 2.1 (Televisa XEW) - Mexicali.
* XHEXT Channel 20.1 (TV Azteca 7) - Mexicali.
* XHILA Channels 66.1 (CNI) - Mexicali.
* XHMEE Channel 10.1 (Televisa XEQ) - Mexicali.
* XHLRT Channels 2.1/5.1 (Televisa XEW/Televisa XHGC) - San Luis Rio Colorado.
* XHRCS Channel 15.1 (Telemax) - San Luis Rio Colorado.

### Radio

San Luis is served by these bilingual Yuma, Area/Imperial Valley American Radio stations:
* KCFY 88.1 FM - Family Friendly - Yuma, Arizona.
* KAWC 88.9 FM - Colorado River Public Media - Yuma, Arizona.
* KYRM 91.9 FM - Manantial FM - Yuma, Arizona.
* KLJZ 93.1 FM - Z93 - Yuma, Arizona.
* KTTI 95.1 FM - Today’s Best Country - Yuma, Arizona.
* KUKY 95.9 FM - Radio Amigo - Wellton, Arizona.
* XHMIX 98.3 FM - Power 98 Jams - California Medios - La Rumorosa.
* KYMZ 99.9 FM - KYMZ 99.9 - Somerton, Arizona.
* KQSR 100.9 FM - 100.9 The River - Yuma, Arizona.
* KCEC 104.5 FM - La Campesina - Wellton, Arizona.
* KBLU 560 AM - News Talk Radio - Yuma, Arizona.
* KCYK 1400 AM - Outlaw Country -Yuma, Arizona.
Additionally by these mexican radio stations broadcast solely in spanish:
* XHCRS 88.5 FM - Radio Sonora - (Gobierno De Estado Sonora) - San Luis Río Colorado.
* XHLBL 93.9 FM (HD Radio) - Radio Centro - (Radio Grupo OIR) - San Luis Río Colorado.
* XHLPS 102.5 FM - Fuerza Latina - (Organización Impulsora De Radio) - San Luis Río Colorado. (Transmitter 1.35 kilometres (0.84 mi) away at Colonia Ladrillera + Los Algodones in Mexicali Municipality, Baja California, Mexico since 2003)
* XHSLR 107.9 FM - La Consentida - (Radio Grupo OIR) - San Luis Río Colorado.
* XED 1050 AM - La Gran D - (Radio Cadena Enciso) - Mexicali.
* XEEH 1520 AM - La Primera - (Sucesión De Francisco Encinas Ángulo) - San Luis Río Colorado.

## Sports

San Luis has become the new home of an Arizona Winter League independent professional baseball franchise, the San Luis Atleticos, which began play in January 2009. The team represents not only their home city, but Mexico as well.

## Transportation

San Luis is served by Yuma County Area Transit, which connects with Greyhound in Yuma.
U.S. Route 95 connects the city to Yuma, as does Arizona State Route 195. The San Luis Port of Entry and the San Luis II Port of Entry for trucks and commercial vehicles connect the town to San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora, Mexico.
Also several taxi companies operate within the city boundaries. Taxis are operated by individuals under company concession and under authority of the police department.