# Fire OS

Fire OS is an Android-based operating system developed by Amazon for their hardware devices. Fire OS includes a customized user interface primarily centered on content consumption, and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's storefronts and services.

## History

Amazon began referring to the Android derivative as Fire OS with its third iteration of Fire tablets. Unlike previous Fire models, whose operating system was described as "based on" Android, Fire OS 3.0 was described as "compatible with" Android.

### Fire OS 5

Based on Android 5.1 "Lollipop", it added an updated interface. The home screen has a traditional application grid and pages for content types, as opposed to the previous carousel interface. It also introduced On Deck, a function that automatically moves content out of offline storage to maintain storage space for new content; the Word Runner speed reading tool; and screen color filters. Parental controls were enhanced with a new web browser for FreeTime mode featuring a curated selection of content appropriate for children, and an Activity Center for monitoring children's usage. It removed support for device encryption, which an Amazon spokesperson stated was an enterprise-oriented feature that was underused. In March 2016, after the removal was publicized and criticized in the wake of the FBI–Apple encryption dispute, Amazon announced it would restore the feature in a future patch.

### Fire OS 6

Based on Android 7.1.2 "Nougat", its main changes and additions include:
* Adoptable storage, allowing users to format and use their SD card as internal storage
* Doze/App standby, aiming to improve battery life by forcing devices to sleep when not actively used, adding restrictions to apps that would normally continue to run background processes

### MediaTek exploits (2019)

In early 2019, security exploits for six Fire Tablet models and one Fire TV model were discovered that could allow temporary root access, permanent root access, and bootloader unlocking due to security vulnerabilities in multiple MediaTek chipsets.

### Fire OS 7

Based on Android 9 "Pie", it was released in 2019 for all 8th-11th generation Fire tablets.

### Fire OS 8

FireOS 8 is the latest release of FireOS for 12th-13th generation fire tablets, based on Android 11, information about the release became available via Amazon developer documentation around May 2022.
FireOS 8 incorporates changes from Android 10 and Android 11, such as TLS 1.3 support enabled by default, High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) support, Dark mode, One-time permissions, Sharing improvements, Device auto backups (user needs to opt-in to device backups), etc.
Although it is noted in the Amazon developer documentation that some Android 11 features such as File Based Encryption (FBE) are not supported yet.

### Report of migrating away from Android

Around November 2023, a report surfaced of Amazon's plans to migrate away from Android to a custom Linux-based operating system known as "Vega". Apps will be HTML5 based, specifically using React Native. Amazon was reported to be developing the operating system since 2017, and planning to launch TVs running Vega in 2024. It is unclear on whether existing Android-based Fire TV devices will get replaced with Vega.

## Features

Fire OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It does not come with Google mobile services pre-installed; therefore, Amazon cannot use the Android trademarks to market the devices. Users are able to sideload the Google Play store; however, full compatibility is not guaranteed if the app depends on Google services.
Because Google services are not pre-installed, Amazon develops and uses its own apps in their place, some of which include Amazon Appstore, Amazon Alexa, Prime Video, Amazon Music, Audible, Kindle Store, Silk Browser, Goodreads and Here WeGo.
Fire OS uses a customized home screen (launcher). As of Fire OS 7.3.2.3, the launcher features three sections:
* "For You" shows the weather, recently used apps, Alexa integration, then shows recommended content such as apps, books movies, etc.
* "Home" is the section for the icons of all of the apps currently installed on the device, apps on the Home section can be moved around or put into folders, a search bar is also available at the top of the launcher to search though local content on the device or search online using the Bing search engine.
* "Library" shows purchased items from Amazon services, such as apps, books, movies and TV shows from Prime Video, etc.
The OS features a multi-user system, which allows multiple people to set up and use separate user profiles.
Along with Amazon Kids and Amazon Kids+, a suite of parental controls is included which allows parents to create managed child profiles, set limits and set restrictions for minors.

## Devices

Current Amazon devices running Fire OS:
* Fire Tablets
* Fire TV
* Amazon Echo / Amazon Echo Show
Discontinued devices running Fire OS:
* Fire Phone

## List of Fire OS versions

| Fire OS version | Base Android Version | Android API level | Compatible Devices | Notes |
| 1 | 2.3.3 Gingerbread | 10 | Kindle Fire | Reported as "Based on Android" |
| 2 | 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich | 15 | Kindle Fire HD | Reported "Based on Android" |
| 3 | 4.2.2 Jelly bean | 17 | Fire HD (2nd generation), Fire HDX | Reported as "Compatible with Android" |
| 4 | 4.4.2 KitKat | 19 | Fire HD (3rd generation), Fire HDX (2nd generation) | |
| 4.5.1 | 4.4.3 KitKat | 19 | | |
| 5.0 | 5.1 Lollipop | 22 | Fire 7 (7th generation) | |
| 6 | 7.1.2 Nougat | 25 | Fire HD 8 (8th generation), Fire 7 (9th generation) | Devices shipped with Fire OS 6 were later upgraded to Fire OS 7 when Amazon abandoned development. |
| 7 | 9.0 Pie | 28 | Fire 7 (9th generation), Fire HD 8 (8th generation), Fire HD 8/8+ (10 generation), Fire HD 10/10+ (11 generation) | |
| 8 | 11 (Red Velvet Cake) | 30 | Fire 7 (12th generation), Fire HD 8 (12th Generation), Fire HD 10 (13th Generation), Fire Max 11 | Some Android 11 features such as File Based Encryption (FBE) are not supported in Fire OS 8 |
| TBA | 14 | 34 | | |