OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# McMaster Nuclear Reactor

The McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR) is a 5 MW$_{th}$ open pool reactor located on the campus of McMaster University, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

## Description

MNR began operating in April 1959, as the first university-based research reactor in the Commonwealth of Nations, and has been the highest-flux research reactor in Canada since the closing of the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor at Chalk River Laboratories in 2018. The reactor consists of two connected pools; the core can be located and operated in either one. This allows the core to be moved away from experimental apparatus for maintenance. MNR is an example of a reactor where the core is visible while the reactor is operating. The core itself appears to be glowing blue when looked at from the surface, as a result of the Cherenkov radiation.
MNR is the only research reactor in Canada with a full containment structure. The reactor is fuelled with low-enrichment uranium and cooled and moderated with light water. Heat is transported to the atmosphere through the secondary coolant system via two cooling towers adjacent to the reactor building.
The reactor is used for a variety of purposes: undergraduate education involves NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis), reactor physics experiments and radioisotopes for tracers and counting experiments. Graduate studies use neutron beams for neutron radiography, neutron diffraction, prompt gamma NAA and geochronological techniques. Commercial activities include radioisotope production and neutron radiography. The facilities also include a Hot Cell and high-activity cobalt source and high level radioisotope laboratories. Researchers using MNR are based at McMaster as well as other universities in Canada and around the world.
The MNR also produces half of the world's supply of iodine-125, a radioisotope that is used to treat various types of cancer. During the 2009 shutdown of the Chalk River reactor, however, the university increased production of iodine-125 by 20% and offered to retrofit the MNR to handle the production of molybdenum-99. The MNR had previously handled the production of molybdenum in the 1970s when the Chalk River facilities underwent a vessel replacement.

## Alleged links to terrorism and lawsuit

Paul L. Williams, an American author, has published books which claim that McMaster University in general and the nuclear reactor specifically have been infiltrated by terrorist groups, who have managed to steal 82 kilograms (181 lb) of unspecified nuclear material.
The University strenuously denies these claims, and in 2007 was in the process of suing Williams for upwards of $2 million. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, which regulates all radioactive material in Canada, have released a letter stating that "We can confirm that there has never been a report of any nuclear material that has been lost or stolen from McMaster's reactor".
# James Geurts

James F. Geurts is an American former government official and retired United States Air Force colonel who served in 2021 as the official performing the duties of United States Under Secretary of the Navy.

## Career

Geurts served from 2017 to 2021 as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition). Prior to that role, he served in the Senior Executive Service as Acquisition Executive for United States Special Operations Command, where he was responsible for all special operations forces research, development, acquisition, procurement, and logistics.
He previously served in the U.S. Special Operations Command as Deputy Director of Special Operations Research, Development and Acquisition Center, and as Commander of the Joint Acquisition Task Force Dragon. Geurts also served as Program Executive Officer for the Fixed Wing Aircraft at the U.S. Special Operations Command. He is a recipient of the Federal Executive of the Year Vanguard Award, Presidential Rank Award, William J. Perry Award, Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Defense Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, Joint Service Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster, and Air Force Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster.
Geurts was commissioned a United States Air Force officer after graduating from Lehigh University's ROTC program in 1987. While in the Air Force, he managed programs involving intercontinental ballistic missiles, surveillance platforms, tactical fighter aircraft, advanced avionics systems, stealth cruise missiles, training systems, and crewed and uncrewed special operations aircraft. In 2009, he retired from the Air Force as a colonel. Geurts was the driving force behind ThunderDrone and SOFWERX, two military-civilian idea incubators in Florida. These incubators helped develop the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit, which is a robotic exoskeleton suit.
He stepped down from all government positions and formally retired in late August 2021.
# Rebecca E. Gonzales

Rebecca Eliza Gonzales (born May 19, 1963) is an American diplomat who had served as the director of the Office of Foreign Missions. She served as the United States ambassador to Lesotho from 2018 to 2022.

## Early life and education

Gonzales was born on May 19, 1963, in Sumter, South Carolina. She earned a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Business Administration from the George Washington University and a Master of Science from the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy at Fort Lesley J. McNair.

## Foreign service career

Gonzales is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service; she has been a diplomat since 1992. Gonzales has served diplomatic assignments in Panama City, Athens, Bogotá, New Delhi, Riyadh, Gaborone, and Pretoria. She previously served as chief of staff of the Bureau of Administration at the United States Department of State.

### Ambassador to Lesotho

On September 7, 2017, President Donald Trump announced Gonzales as the nominee to serve as the United States ambassador to Lesotho. On November 1, 2017, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and her nomination was reported out of committee on November 14, 2017. On November 16, 2017, her nomination was confirmed in the Senate by voice vote.

### Biden administration

On August 4, 2021, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Gonzales to serve as the director of the Office of Foreign Missions. On September 13, 2021, her nomination was sent to the Senate. On March 15, 2022, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and she was reported out of committee on March 23. On May 19, 2022, her nomination was confirmed in the Senate by voice vote. She assumed office on May 31, 2022.

## Personal life

Gonzales speaks Spanish and Greek.
# Akwambo festival

The Akwambo festival is celebrated by the chiefs and peoples of Gomoa and Agona in the Central region of Ghana. The festival is celebrated in the month of August every year.People in Agona, in the Central Region, celebrate the Akwambo, which literally means "path-clearing."

## History

In order to remember the trip and arrival of the original inhabitants of the four towns of Gyinankoma, Ekrawfo, Atakwaa, and Otabenadze, the Akwambo festival is often a week-long event. A day was set aside for this purpose, and everyone who used these paths was to gather and begin the exercise. Akwambo was first observed by the migrant ancestors of these people, whose primary role when they arrived in a new place was clearing paths to the rivers, farms, and other communal places. Today, the special festivals include events like Durbar, music and dance performances, football matches, family or community reunions, and parades.
Parades through the streets add to the festive atmosphere, as participants revel in the shared bonds of kinship and heritage. As the echoes of drumbeats and jubilant laughter fill the air, the Akwambo festival serves as a vibrant celebration of unity.
# Chrysocercops thapai

Chrysocercops thapai is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Malaysia and Nepal.
The wingspan is 5.7–7 mm.
The larvae feed on Shorea robusta.
# Composition operator

In mathematics, the composition operator $C_{\phi }$ with symbol $\phi$ is a linear operator defined by the rule $C_{\phi }(f)=f\circ \phi$ where $f\circ \phi$ denotes function composition. It is also encountered in composition of permutations in permutations groups.
The study of composition operators is covered by AMS category 47B33.

## In physics

In physics, and especially the area of dynamical systems, the composition operator is usually referred to as the Koopman operator (and its wild surge in popularity is sometimes jokingly called "Koopmania"), named after Bernard Koopman. It is the left-adjoint of the transfer operator of Frobenius–Perron.

## In Borel functional calculus

Using the language of category theory, the composition operator is a pull-back on the space of measurable functions; it is adjoint to the transfer operator in the same way that the pull-back is adjoint to the push-forward; the composition operator is the inverse image functor.
Since the domain considered here is that of Borel functions, the above describes the Koopman operator as it appears in Borel functional calculus.

## In holomorphic functional calculus

The domain of a composition operator can be taken more narrowly, as some Banach space, often consisting of holomorphic functions: for example, some Hardy space or Bergman space. In this case, the composition operator lies in the realm of some functional calculus, such as the holomorphic functional calculus.
Interesting questions posed in the study of composition operators often relate to how the spectral properties of the operator depend on the function space. Other questions include whether $C_{\phi }$ is compact or trace-class; answers typically depend on how the function $\varphi$ behaves on the boundary of some domain.
When the transfer operator is a left-shift operator, the Koopman operator, as its adjoint, can be taken to be the right-shift operator. An appropriate basis, explicitly manifesting the shift, can often be found in the orthogonal polynomials. When these are orthogonal on the real number line, the shift is given by the Jacobi operator. When the polynomials are orthogonal on some region of the complex plane (viz, in Bergman space), the Jacobi operator is replaced by a Hessenberg operator.

## Applications

In mathematics, composition operators commonly occur in the study of shift operators, for example, in the Beurling–Lax theorem and the Wold decomposition. Shift operators can be studied as one-dimensional spin lattices. Composition operators appear in the theory of Aleksandrov–Clark measures.
The eigenvalue equation of the composition operator is Schröder's equation, and the principal eigenfunction $f(x)$ is often called Schröder's function or Koenigs function.
The composition operator has been used in data-driven techniques for dynamical systems in the context of dynamic mode decomposition algorithms, which approximate the modes and eigenvalues of the composition operator.
# The Bee Family

The Bee Family (formerly the Eh Bee Family) are Canadian internet personalities best known for their social media channels, which have over 33 million combined subscribers and well over 6 billion total views. They create skits and parodies to entertain a family-centered audience. They are a family of four members consisting of the father (Andrés Burgos, known as Papa Bee; born in (1977-11-25) November 25, 1977 (age 47)), the mother (Rossana Burgos, known as Mama Bee; born in (1979-10-02) October 2, 1979 (age 45)), their son (Roberto Burgos, known as Mr Bee; born (2005-04-30) April 30, 2005 (age 19)), and their daughter (Gabriela Rossana Burgos, also known as Gabriela Bee or Miss Bee; born in (2006-09-09) September 9, 2006 (age 18)).

## Career

The Bee Family first started posting vines in January 2013. They became popular on Vine and made it their career. Their social media accounts include Vine, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook. They have also starred in sponsored advertisements for such companies as Johnson & Johnson, Toyota, and Regal Cinemas and have also been featured in the New York Daily News, on BuzzFeed, Good Morning America, Today.com, and other media outlets. The family's social media was nominated for a Streamy Award in 2015 and a Shorty Award in 2016.
On July 15, 2020, the family changed their name from the "Eh Bee Family" to "The Bee Family".

### Gabriela Bee

On February 17, 2018, Gabriela Bee released her song "Sound in Color". On September 1, 2018, she released another song, "Something More". In April 2019, she posted a cover version of the Beatles’ 1968 hit song "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" on YouTube, appearing in the video as seven different musicians and performing all of the vocals herself. By January 2024, the song had earned more than 42 million views. Also in 2019, Bee released a cover version of Panic! at the Disco's High Hopes, accompanied by the band Walk off the Earth, which had racked up nearly 20 million views as of August 2023. Brendon Urie, the lead singer of Panic! at the Disco, did a video where he reacted to Bee's cover of his song.
Gabriela Bee made her film debut in the 2022 horror drama film, The Bad Seed Returns, in the supporting role of "Lola", Emma's classmate and friend.
In 2023, Gabriela first charted in the UK as the credited singer on the London-based rapper Prinz's single "Highs And Lows", a song which featured a sample of Bee's cover of the Walk Off The Earth track "I’ll Be There" from 2019. On 6 October 2023, Gabriela Bee released a song that she wrote, "Look at You Now", dedicated to her younger self. On 1 December the same year, she released another song that she wrote, "Maybe", dedicated to her best friend.
# Yemen linnet

The Yemen linnet (Linaria yemenensis) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is native to the Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna (Saudi Arabia and Yemen). Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
The Yemen linnet has not yet been examined genetically; it was formerly placed in the genus Carduelis but was assigned to the genus Linaria based on its plumage similarities to the common linnet Linaria cannabina.
# The Loft (British band)

The Loft are an English indie band, whose debut single was one of the earliest releases on Creation Records.
The band recorded their debut album in summer of 2024, with release set for March 2025.

## History

Formed in 1980 as The Living Room by Peter Astor (vocals, guitar), Bill Prince (bass), Andy Strickland (guitar) and Dave Morgan (drums), the band changed its name when they discovered a local music venue also called The Living Room. The venue was being run by Alan McGee, with whom The Loft struck up a friendship and played several gigs for. After signing to McGee's fledgling Creation Records label, the debut single "Why Does the Rain?" was issued in 1984. "Up the Hill and Down the Slope" was issued the following year, earning both band and label some critical success.
A national tour as the opening act for The Colourfield was intended to give the band further exposure, but tensions within the band led to a sensational split live onstage of the Hammersmith Palais, on the final date of the tour.

## After the split

Almost immediately, Peter Astor and Dave Morgan formed a new band, The Weather Prophets, who were also signed to Creation. In 1989, Creation finally issued a compilation of their work entitled Once Around the Fair: The Loft 1982–1985, with Magpie Eyes 1982–1985 appearing on Rev-Ola in 2005. Guitarist Strickland became a music journalist and formed The Caretaker Race, and Prince formed The Wishing Stones.
In 2006, the band unexpectedly reformed, playing a handful of gigs and releasing a single of new material on Static Caravan Recordings.
The band continues to perform occasionally. In 2015, to celebrate 30 years since their "Up The Hill and Down the Slope" single topped the indie chart, the band played shows in New York in May (headlining the NY Popfest in Brooklyn) and in London in June, before recording their third BBC radio session – this time for fan and supporter, Gideon Coe, on BBC 6 Music.
The Loft is featured heavily on the Creation Artefact CD compilation released by Cherry Red Records in September 2015.
The band remains open to further shows and recordings.

## Discography
### Singles

* "Why Does the Rain?" (Creation, 1984)
* "Up the Hill and Down the Slope" (Creation, 1985)
* "Model Village" (Static Caravan, 2006)

### Compilation albums

* Once Around the Fair: The Loft 1982–1985 (Creation, 1989)
* Magpie Eyes 1982–1985 (Rev-Ola, 2005)
# The Duke of Wellington with Colonel Gurwood at Apsley House

The Duke of Wellington with Colonel Gurwood at Apsley House is an 1840 history painting by the British artist Andrew Morton. It depicts the Duke of Wellington in the library of his London residence Apsley House with Colonel John Gurwood. By then a former Prime Minister, Wellington is shown with Gurwood who was editing his dispatches from the Napoleonic Wars which were published around this time. Gurwood is shown pulling out the dispatch covering Wellington's victory at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
It was displayed at the Royal Academy's 1840 Summer Exhibition at the National Gallery. Today the painting is in the collection of the Wallace Collection in Marylebone, having been acquired by the Marquess of Hertford in 1859.
# Chinchey

Chinchey, also known as Rurichinchay, is a 6,309-metre-high (20,699 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the region of Ancash, most precisely between the districts of Aco (in Carhuaz Province), Independencia (in Huaraz Province), and Huari (in Huari Province).
Rurichinchay is also the name of the lake northeast of the mountain at 9°20′31″S 77°19′04″W﻿ / ﻿9.34194°S 77.31778°W﻿ / -9.34194; -77.31778 and the name of the river which originates at the lake. It flows to the southeast.
# Adrián González (footballer, born 2003)

Adrián González Mendoza (born 23 June 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for MLS Next Pro club Austin FC II. Born in the United States, he played for the Mexico national under-19 team.

## Career
### Youth

After drawing reported interest from clubs in Spain, Mexico and the United States, González joined the Pachuca academy in December 2018. He soon returned to the United States to join the LA Galaxy academy in 2019. In 2020, González played with LA Galaxy's USL Championship side LA Galaxy II.

### Professional
#### LA Galaxy II

In April 2021, LA Galaxy II announced that it had signed González to a professional contract ahead of the 2021 season.

#### Columbus Crew 2

In February 2025, Columbus Crew 2 announced it had signed González for the 2024 season.

#### Austin FC II

In February 2025, Austin FC II announced it had signed González through the 2026 season with a one-year option.

## International career

Born in the United States to Mexican parents, González is eligible to represent both the United States and Mexico internationally. He has represented the latter at the under-16 and under-17 levels.

## Personal

Adrián's older brother is Jonathan González.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of March 14, 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | League Cup | League Cup | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| LA Galaxy II | 2020 | USL Championship | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| LA Galaxy II | 2021 | USL Championship | 21 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| LA Galaxy II | 2022 | USL Championship | 30 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 30 | 0 |
| LA Galaxy II | 2023 | MLS Next Pro | 25 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 25 | 2 |
| LA Galaxy II | Total | Total | 83 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 2 |
| Columbus Crew 2 | 2024 | MLS Next Pro | 28 | 3 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 28 | 3 |
| Columbus Crew 2 | Total | Total | 28 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 3 |
| Austin FC II | 2025 | MLS Next Pro | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 113 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 117 | 5 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Includes appearance in USL Championship playoffs
* ↑ Includes appearances in MLS Next Pro playoffs
# Callao Bay

Callao Bay (Spanish: Bahía del Callao) is a bay located off the coast of Callao, Peru. The islands of San Lorenzo and El Frontón are located to its west.

## Overview

The bay is separated from that of Lima by the Peninsula of La Punta. Due to its location, it is a place of great commercial and military importance because it is home to the country's main port and a navy base. The bay is very rich ecologically speaking, which is why the Guano Islands, Islets, and Capes National Reserve System was created, in charge of taking care of the entire bay and the nearby islands.
# Lima Bay

Lima Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Lima), also known as Miraflores Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Miraflores), is a bay located of the coast of Lima, Peru. Its shore is located on the central coast of the Lima Province and the southern end of Callao, both part of the metropolitan area of Lima. Administratively it belongs to both Lima and Callao.

## Overview

The bay is separated from Callao Bay by the Peninsula of La Punta. Due to its location, it is a place of great commercial, tourist and military importance, there is the Costa Verde Beach Circuit, which unites the coastal districts of the bay, which are La Punta and La Perla in Callao, San Miguel, Magdalena del Mar, San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos, in Lima.
The shore area is characterized by being rocky and full of cliffs. The Peruvian government has two mega constructions planned in the bay: the Miraflores Bay Cruise Terminal for tourists in the Miraflores district, and the Gran Bahía de Lima viewpoint in honour of Miguel Grau in the Chorrillos district.
# Pirates in Callao

Pirates in Callao (Spanish: Piratas en el Callao) is a 2005 Peruvian CGI science fantasy animated film directed by Eduardo Schuldt based on the children's book of the same name written by Hernán Garrido Lecca. It tells the story of Alberto, a Peruvian kid who gets lost during a school trip to the Real Felipe Fortress in the seaport of Callao. Nine-year-old Alberto falls through a hole and travels back in time to the 17th century, when the port is about to be attacked by a group of Dutch pirates led by Jacques L'Hermite. There, he meets other children who have also traveled back in time, and together they fight and defeat L'Hermite. The film is notable for being one of the first computer-animated film made in Latin America.
# Peninsula of La Punta

The Peninsula of La Punta is a peninsula located at the district of the same name in Callao, Peru. It is the point that separates the bays of Miraflores and Callao, both part of the territorial waters of Peru.

## Overview

The peninsula has an extension of 2 kilometres and is located entirely within the District of La Punta. Likewise, the peninsula is divided into two banks: the north, called Cantolao, where the waters are calm, and the south, called Mar Brava, because of the turbulent waters. Its location makes it the closest continental area to the San Lorenzo and El Frontón islands, just 5 kilometres away.
Within the peninsula is the 3 kilometre Chucuito area, halfway between the peninsula itself and the Real Felipe Fortress, famous for its beaches that are divided between Chucuito and Carpayo.