# Çumra

Çumra is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,089 km$^2$, and its population is 67,690 (2022).

## Geography

The town of Çumra is at an altitude of 1,020 m. It is an important stop on the Istanbul to Baghdad railway. It is central to the 500 km²/120,000 acre Çumra irrigation zone, in the Konya Plain, that was established in 1912.

### Climate

Çumra's climate is classified as cold semi-arid (Köppen: BSk). The town experiences hot, dry summers and chilly, frequently snowy winters.
Climate data for Çumra (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) | 7.8 (46.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.5 (65.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.9 (82.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 13.5 (56.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 19.1 (66.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 18.9 (66.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 12.0 (53.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −3.1 (26.4) | 0.4 (32.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 6.3 (43.3) | 0.9 (33.6) | −1.9 (28.6) | 5.6 (42.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.73 (1.52) | 26.29 (1.04) | 30.36 (1.20) | 35.69 (1.41) | 31.87 (1.25) | 24.34 (0.96) | 5.37 (0.21) | 3.43 (0.14) | 11.64 (0.46) | 24.12 (0.95) | 35.04 (1.38) | 48.67 (1.92) | 315.55 (12.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.0 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 7.1 | 53.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76.5 | 70.8 | 60.7 | 56.3 | 54.5 | 50.4 | 44.4 | 45.7 | 49.1 | 60.0 | 69.1 | 76.7 | 59.5 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## History

Neolithic (c. 8000 BC) archaeological discoveries have been found at Çatalhöyük.
In the 12th century the Konya plain experienced its second great cultural period, when the city became the capital of the Seljuk Turks.

### Archaeological findings

In 2019, a farmer near the site of Türkmen-Karahöyük, a Bronze and Iron Age mounded settlement discovered a stone stele commissioned by Hartapu to commemorate his victory over Phrygia written in Luwian Hieroglyphics. Archaeologists from the University of Chicago joined the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project to excavate the stele, and the excavations of the archaeological mound at the site, which is believed to be the capital of Hartapu's as yet unnamed kingdom, will continue in 2020. In February 2020, archaeologists announced the discovery of Luwian hieroglyphs on the stone stele pulled out of the irrigation ditch next to the ancient mound of Türkmen-Karahöyük, describing the military victory of "Great King Hartapu" over an alliance of 13 kings. The description has a reference to defeating the royal house of Phrygia, which included King Midas.

## Composition

There are 53 neighbourhoods in Çumra District:
* Abditolu
* Adakale
* Afşar
* Alemdar
* Alibeyhüyüğü
* Alıssa
* Apa
* Apasaraycık
* Arıkören
* Avdul
* Bağlar
* Bakkalbaşı
* Balçıkhisar
* Baraj
* Bardakcı
* Beylerce
* Büyükaşlama
* Çaybaşı
* Çiçek
* Çukurkavak
* Cumhuriyet
* Dedemoğlu
* Dinek
* Dineksaray
* Dinlendik
* Doğanlı
* Erentepe
* Fethiye
* Gökhüyük
* Güvercinlik
* Hürriyet
* İçeriçumra
* İnli
* İstiklal
* İzzetbey
* Karkın
* Küçükköy
* Kuzucu
* Meydan
* Okçu
* Seçme
* Sürgüç
* Tahtalı
* Taşağıl
* Türkmencamili
* Türkmenkarahüyük
* Üçhüyük
* Ürünlü
* Uzunkuyu
* Yenidoğan
* Yenimahalle
* Yenisu
* Yörükcamili

## Industry

Konya Şeker has a sugar factory with a small coal-fired autoproducer power plant, one of the Çoban Yıldızı power stations.