# Aguas Calientes, Peru

Machupicchu or Machupicchu Pueblo, also known as Aguas Calientes, is a location in Peru situated in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province. It is the seat of Machupicchu District. Machupicchu lies at the Vilcanota River. It is the closest access point to the historical site of Machu Picchu which is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away or about a 90-minute walk. There are many hotels and restaurants for tourists, as well as natural hot baths which gave the town its colloquial Spanish name, Aguas Calientes or hot water. Like Machu Picchu, Aguas Calientes is not accessible by road, and the only way to reach Aguas Calientes is by PeruRail train or by hiking.
The village of Machupicchu did not exist until the railroad was built, as it was a center for construction workers. It took off after the railroad opened in 1931 and foreign tourists started arriving to visit the Machu Picchu ruins. Enterprising individuals set up businesses serving the tourists, primarily restaurants and small hotels. Those who could afford luxury stayed at the luxury hotel up by the ruins.

## Name

The official name comes from Quechua Machu Pikchu from machu old, old person, pikchu pyramid; mountain; or prominence with a broad base that ends in sharp peaks. The addition of "pueblo" comes from the Spanish word for town. It was formerly called Aguas Calientes meaning "hot waters" or "hot springs".

## History

Settled by a few farm families in 1901, the settlement was transformed into a busy railway worker's camp called Maquinachayoq (from Quechua makina (a borrowing from Spanish máquina, machine/locomotive/train, -plus the diminutive -cha suffix and -yuq possession suffix, i.e. "(place) with a little train", Makinachayuq) during the construction of the railroad through there in the late 1920s. The town was the central hub for worker lodging and their equipment until the railway was completed in 1931.

## Transport

Machupicchu serves as a terminal for the PeruRail and Inca Rail passenger train service from Cusco. Trains serve locals and tourists arriving from Cusco and Ollantaytambo to visit Machu Picchu. Avenue Pachacutec is the main and only thoroughfare of the town, connecting the baths to the town's main square.

## Industry

The Central Machupicchu Hydroelectric Plant (Hidroelectrica) is nearby at the Urubamba River. It generates about 90 MW for the regions of Cusco, Puno, and Apurímac . It was first constructed between 1958 and 1965 and expanded between 1981 and 1985. The plant was damaged by a landslide on 28 February 1998 and ceased operations until 13 July 2001.

## Climate

Climate data for Machu Picchu (elevation 2,399 m (7,871 ft), 1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.1 (71.8) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.9 (71.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 10.8 (51.4) | 10.0 (50.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 10.0 (50.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 11.2 (52.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 340.7 (13.41) | 324.5 (12.78) | 340.6 (13.41) | 184.1 (7.25) | 73.4 (2.89) | 50.8 (2.00) | 54.2 (2.13) | 60.6 (2.39) | 76.2 (3.00) | 163.0 (6.42) | 172.5 (6.79) | 275.4 (10.84) | 2,116 (83.31) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* Urubamba River
* Train tracks bisect the town
* Machupicchu Village Scene, March 2006
* Statue of Inka
* Church Machu Picchu
* Interior of the church
* Railbus Officials in Aguas Calientes.
* Rio Aguas Calientes flowing through the town.

## Twin towns

* Haworth, United Kingdom
* Otama village, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
* Fukushima, Japan
* Petra, Jordan
* Medley, United States
* Tinúm, Mexico