OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scotforth

Scotforth is a suburb in the south of the city of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. It is home to Scotforth St Paul's Church of England Primary School and St Paul's Church.
Parts of Lancaster were made up of several villages; Scotforth used to be a separate village. Some of the village's original terraces can still be seen on parts of Hala Road and Scotforth Road.
Cross Fleury, in his 1891 history of Lancaster, tells the story of Bonnie Prince Charlie's search for a suitable battlefield on which to make his last stand against the Duke of Cumberland. A potential site was identified in Scotforth, and were it not for the rebel Prince's sudden change of mind and continued retreat northwards, 'The Battle of Scotforth' might easily have become the name of that great rout in British history ... as opposed to the now infamous name of Culloden.
Scotforth is home to St Paul's Church of England Primary School and to Dorrington Road, which is the longest terrace of houses in Europe. Lancaster Animal Care, a local animal charity is also based there. The suburb has bus routes operated by Stagecoach Cumbria & North Lancashire heading towards the university in the south and Morecambe in the north.
# Kuntur Waqta

Kuntur Waqta (Quechua kuntur condor, waqta side, flank, "condor side", Hispanicized spelling Cóndorhuacta) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 4,800 m (15,700 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Laraos District.
# Rattan Halt railway station

Rattan Halt Railway Station (Urdu: رتن ہالٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن)is located in Rattan village, Nankana Sahib district of Punjab province, Pakistan.
# Gerry Austin

Gerald Austin (born December 4, 1941) is a former American football official, who worked in the National Football League (NFL) from the 1982 season through the 2007 season. He wore uniform number 34, which is now worn by Clete Blakeman. Austin has officiated in three Super Bowls, one as a side judge and two as a referee. He was also notable being the referee in the 1993 AFC Wild Card playoff game between the Houston Oilers and Buffalo Bills, which would later become known in NFL lore as "The Comeback" for being the greatest comeback by a team in league history. Austin's 2007 NFL officiating crew consisted of Ruben Fowler, Ed Camp, Carl Johnson, Scott Edwards, Alberto Riveron and Bob Lawing.

## Personal

Austin has a bachelor's degree and master's degree from Western Carolina University and has a doctorate from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He is also a retired public school administrator for thirty years. Outside of officiating in the NFL, he is the coordinator of football officials for Conference USA. He resides in Summerfield, North Carolina and has six children.

## Officiating career
### Early years

Before joining the NFL, Austin served nine years as a basketball and football official in the Atlantic Coast Conference. He was assigned to officiate in the 1978 Liberty Bowl and the 1977 Orange Bowl.

### National Football League

Austin began working in the NFL as a side judge, where he officiated Super Bowl XXIV at New Orleans in 1990. He was promoted to the referee position beginning with the 1990 NFL season after Dick Jorgensen's death; Austin had served as a member of Jorgensen's crew in the Super Bowl at the end of the previous season. Austin worked his first Super Bowl as a referee in 1997 at Super Bowl XXXI (also in New Orleans) and his second appearance was at Super Bowl XXXV in 2001. He served as an alternate referee in 1995 at Super Bowl XXIX and in 1999 at Super Bowl XXXIII.
Austin is one of the league's most respected referees as he is a recipient of the Art McNally Award, which goes to an NFL game official who exhibits exemplary professionalism, leadership and commitment to sportsmanship on and off the field.

## Post-officiating career

Since retiring, Austin has contributed to ESPN broadcasts regarding the performance of officials.
# Mukul Deva

Major Mukul Deva (Retd.) is an Indian polymath. Based in Singapore, he is a motivational keynote speaker, executive coach, business mentor and bestselling author. He writes spy-military thrillers on terrorism, action, crime as well as business and self-help books.
# Kazunari Dōmen

Kazunari Dōmen is a Japanese chemist at the University of Tokyo and Shinshū University. He is known for his work on the large-scale synthesis of hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting.

## Career

Dōmen earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1976, a master's degree in 1979, and a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1982 with his thesis Photocatalytic Reaction on Some Semiconductor Powders. In the same year he was appointed assistant professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He stayed as a postdoctoral fellow at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San José, California in 1985/86. He was promoted to associate professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1990 and received a full professorship in 1996. Dōmen returned to his alma mater in 2004 as a professor. Together with Takashi Hisatomi, he has also been running a research laboratory at Shinshū University since 2017.

## Honours

* Clarivate Citation Laureate (2024), for "fundamental research on photocatalysts for water splitting and the construction of solar hydrogen production systems".
# Naval battle off Stockholm (1522)

The naval battle off Stockholm occurred in November 1522 during the Swedish War of Liberation, when a Danish fleet of 39 ships under the command of Søren Norby entered Stockholm Archipelago to relieve the besieged Danish garrison in Stockholm. It was soon approached by a united Swedish–Lübeckian fleet under the commands of Erik Fleming, Staffan Sasse, and Friedrich Bruun. After a bloody battle, Norby withdrew, leaving behind 30 transport ships.

## Background

In July of 1522, Danish admiral Søren Norby attempted to send supplies into the garrison in Stockholm, which was being besieged by Swedish troops. To do this, he dispatched Junker Thomas with some ships towards Stockholm. However, these were intercepted by the Swedes and neither Thomas or the ships came back to Norby.

## Battle

In November, Norby made another attempt to send supplies into Stockholm. Using 9 archipelago ships and 30 transport vessels with provisions and other necessities, he sailed into Stockholm's Archipelago. He was soon met by a fleet of 18 ships, 10 Swedish and 8 Lübeckian, the Swedish ships under the command of Erik Fleming and Staffan Sasse, while the Lübeckian ones were under the command of Friedrich Bruun. After a bloody fight, he was eventually forced to withdraw from the archipelago, abandoning the 30 transport ships to the Swedish–Lübeckian fleet. It is likely that he would have suffered an even worse defeat had the Lübeckian ships not been passive. Instead of attacking him with the Swedes, they dropped their anchors and allowed him to retreat.

## Aftermath

After the failed relief expedition, Stockholm's days were numbered, and its fall was inevitable. Despite not receiving new supplies and suffering from disease and hunger, the city held out for over half a year until finally capitulating.
# Chocolate agar

Chocolate agar (CHOC) or chocolate blood agar (CBA) is a nonselective, enriched growth medium used for isolation of pathogenic bacteria. It is a variant of the blood agar plate, containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80°C. Chocolate agar is used for growing fastidious respiratory bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. In addition, some of these bacteria, most notably H. influenzae, need growth factors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (factor V or NAD) and hemin (factor X), which are inside red blood cells; thus, a prerequisite to growth for these bacteria is the presence of red blood cell lysates. The heat also inactivates enzymes which could otherwise degrade NAD. The agar is named for its color and contains no chocolate products.

## Variants

Chocolate agar with the addition of bacitracin becomes selective for the genus Haemophilus. Another variant of chocolate agar called Thayer–Martin agar contains an assortment of antibiotics which select for Neisseria species.

## Composition

The composition of chocolate agar includes the following components:
| Ingredient | Quantity (Grams per liter) | Purpose |
| Casein/Animal Tissue Digest | 15.0 Grams | Source of amino acids and peptides for bacterial growth. |
| Cornstarch | 1.0 Grams | Provides carbohydrates as an energy source for bacteria. |
| Sodium Chloride | 5.0 Grams | Maintains osmotic balance in the medium. |
| Dipotassium Phosphate | 4.0 Grams | Acts as a pH buffer to maintain the desired pH for bacterial growth. |
| Monopotassium Phosphate | 1.0 Grams | Acts as a pH buffer to maintain the desired pH for bacterial growth. |
| Hemoglobin Solution 2% | 500 ml | Provides iron and other nutrients necessary for bacterial growth. |
| Coenzyme Enrichment | 10 ml | Contains coenzymes needed for specific metabolic pathways of bacteria. |
| Agar | 10 Grams | Solidifying agent that allows the medium to form a solid surface for bacterial growth. |
The exact concentrations of these ingredients may vary slightly depending on the specific formulation used in different laboratories or by different manufacturers.

## History

Addition of heated blood to media was first documented for use by Cohen and Fitzgerald in 1910 and then by Dr. Olga Povitzky at the New York City Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories. The term "chocolate" comes from the brown color generated from the higher concentration of heated blood in the mixture and was first used by Warren Crowe in 1915.
# Józef Różański (politician)

Józef Rożański (28 November 1931 – 16 March 2022) was a Polish politician. A member of the Alliance of Democrats, he served in the Sejm from 1976 to 1985. He died in Nowy Targ on 16 March 2022, at the age of 90.
# Nihat Türkmenoğlu

Nihat Türkmenoğlu (born 5 June 1988) is a Turkish Paralympian archer competing in the Men's compound bow W1 event. He is competing at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the individual W1 and Mixed team W1 events. He won the silver medal in the Individual W1 event.
He won two medals at the 2022 World Para Archery Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Enirates, a silver medal in the Men W1 event and a gold medal in the Men W1 Doubles event together with his teammate Yiğit Caner Aydın.
# Willi Willwohl

Willi Willwohl (born 31 August 1994 in Cottbus) is a German former cyclist.

## Major results
### 2012

    2nd Road race, National Junior Road Championships
    4th Overall Tour de la Region de Lodz
    6th Overall 3-Etappen-Rundfahrt

### 2013

    Tour de Berlin
       1st Stages 3, 4 & 5
    1st Stage 6 Dookoła Mazowsza

### 2014

    1st Stage 1 Carpathian Couriers Race
    6th Velothon Berlin
    7th Rund um Köln

### 2015

    1st Stage 1 Tour du Loir-et-Cher
    1st Stage 3 Dookoła Mazowsza

### 2016

    3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    7th Road race, National Road Championships
# Max Cole (filmmaker)

Max Cole is an American filmmaker.

## Early life and career

Max Cole is a writer and director located in Los Angeles, California. He was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His latest short films have screened in 40+ film festivals across the country.
Cole is also the creator, host, and producer of The Cinema After Dark Podcast — a weekly independent film, television, and entertainment podcast.

### Short films

| Year | Film | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as |
| Year | Film | Director | Producer | Writer |
| 2016 | Behind Closed Doors | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2016 | Last Flight to Los Angeles | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2014 | The Decision | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2014 | Alone at Midnight | Yes | Yes | Yes |
# Nowe Kramsko

Nowe Kramsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Babimost, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Babimost and 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra. It is situated on the northern shore of Lake Wojnowskie.
The Zielona Góra Airport is located in Nowe Kramsko.

## History

Nowe Kramsko was founded in the 13th century. In 1314 it was granted to the Cistercians of Obra. It remained a possession of the Cistercians, administratively located in the Kościan County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province, until the Second Partition of Poland, when it was annexed by Prussia. Briefly regained by Poles in 1807 as part of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, in 1815 it was annexed by Prussia again. Despite the Germanisation policies pursued by the Prussian authorities towards the local population, Polish associations were founded in the village: the Association of Industrialists and Farmers (Towarzystwo Przemysłowców i Rolników) in 1895 and the Catholic Association of Polish Workers (Katolickie Towarzystwo Robotników Polskich) in 1904. In 1912, the Polish Bank Ludowy was founded in the village. On 2–3 February 1919, during the Greater Poland Uprising, the village was the site of the Battle of Nowe Kramsko [pl], won by the Polish insurgents against Germany.
In 1939, the Gestapo carried out an anti-Polish operation in the village, closing down a local Polish farmers' association and a cooperative, and confiscating their files and funds. In 1939, the Germans also carried out arrests of local Polish leaders, activists and school teachers, who were then deported to concentration camps (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation). Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, in 1945, the village was restored to Poland.

## Sights

Among the historic sights of Nowe Kramsko are the church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary with the church cemetery, an old wooden windmill and a manor house, which currently houses a library. There is also a memorial stone dedicated to the Greater Poland insurgents of 1918–19.

## Sports

The local football club is Polonia Nowe Kramsko [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.

## Notable people

* Łucjan Królikowski [pl] (1919–2019), Polish Conventual Franciscan, sybirak, centenarian
* Joachim Benyskiewicz [pl] (1936–2011), Polish historian

## Gallery

* Memorial stone to the Greater Poland insurgents of 1918–19
* Library
* Windmill
* Zielona Góra Airport
# Llongote

Llongote is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 5,780 metres (18,963 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, in the districts of Ayaviri, Carania and Yauyos. Llongote lies south of Qutuni and southeast of Huayna Cotoni and the lake named Huascacocha. It is situated on the southern border of the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve.
# Maximal Crazy

"Maximal Crazy" is a song by Dutch DJ Tiësto. It was released on 5 September 2011 in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Finland. The single was released in the United States and Canada on iTunes on 20 September 2011. It is the first single from the Tiësto mixed compilation Club Life, Vol. 2 - Miami.

## Music video

The music video premiered on Tiësto's official YouTube Channel on 4 September 2011. The video was shot at Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas, an event that perfectly summed up the title and the spirit of the song. The video begins with Tiësto in a helicopter flying over Las Vegas. The remainder of the video is "Crazy" scenes from the festival.

## Track listings
### Digital download (MF008)

* "Maximal Crazy" (Original Mix) - 6:49

### CD (MF008)

* "Maximal Crazy" (Radio Edit) - 4:16
* "Maximal Crazy" (Original Mix) - 6:49
* "Maximal Crazy" (Bassjackers Remix) - 6:02
* "Maximal Crazy" (R3HAB & Swanky Tunes Remix) - 7:00

### Remixes (MF010)

* "Maximal Crazy" (Bassjackers Remix) - 6:02
* "Maximal Crazy" (R3HAB & Swanky Tunes Remix) - 7:00

### 2017 Translucent Yellow 7"

* "Maximal Crazy" (Original Mix) - 6:49
* "Maximal Crazy" (Radio Edit) - 4:16

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak Position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 30 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders Dance) | 29 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia Dance Bubbling Under) | 14 |
| Netherlands (Mega Dance Top 30) | 18 |
# Mercury Plaza

Mercury Plaza was a shopping centre and food court in Auckland located on Mercury Lane, near Karangahape Road. Opening in 1994, Mercury Plaza was Auckland's second Asian food court, after Food Alley which opened in 1992. In 2019 it was demolished to make way for Karangahape Station as part of the City Rail Link.

## Food-court

Mercury Plaza served as a food-court from 1994 until its official closure on 31 October 2019. During this time it also housed arcades games, an Asian supermarket and a hairdresser. It was well known for its authentic Asian cuisine including Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, Malaysian, Japanese and Korean cuisine. In 2016, it was announced that the building would be removed due to construction plans for the new Karangahape Station as part of the City Rail Link. Over 2,500 people signed a petition to save Mercury Plaza, however in 2019, the building was demolished.
Businesses such as Sushi Bar Salmon, Chinese Cuisine, Maruten Ramen, E-Sarn Wok, Ruang Thong, New Gum Sarn relocated to various places around Auckland upon the buildings closure.

## Cultural significance

Mercury Plaza had significant ties with Auckland's Chinese community and was dubbed an Auckland landmark.
In 2019, the building was revitalised through an exhibition titled, Mercury Plaza: Origins + New Beginnings. Curated by artists Joni Lee and Jia Luo, the exhibition brought together 14 Asian-New Zealand artists; Ant Sang, Ross Liew, Tim Lambourne, Ruby White, Lindsay Yee, Jia Luo, Pon Huey Min, Ruth Woodbury, Norman Wei, Mona Muchao Cui, Frankie Chu, Lisa Li, Qian-Ye Lin and Diana Hu. The exhibition reflected on their experiences exploring themes of culture, food, migration and diasporic experiences. It ran from 14 August to 14 September 2019.
In 2020 a photographic book, Mercury Plaza, was published by Tim D.
The neon star, part of the original Mercury Plaza sign, is in the collection at Auckland Museum.
# Hoca Sadeddin Efendi

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: خواجه سعد الدین افندی; 1536/1537 – October 2, 1599) was an Ottoman Islamic scholar, theologian, official, and historian, a teacher of the future Ottoman sultan Murad III. His name may be transcribed variously, e.g. Sa'd ad-Din, Sa'd al-Din, Sa'düddin, or others. He was also called by the title of "Câmi'-ür Riyâseteyn".
When Murad became Sultan, Sadeddin became his advisor. Later he fell out of favor, but was appointed Shaykh al-Islām, a superior authority in the issues of Islam.
Sadeddin is the author of Tâc üt-Tevârîh (Tadj ut-Tewarikh, “Crown of Histories”), a history of the Ottoman Empire in prose and verse.
He had at least five sons: Mehmed Efendi (died 1615), Esad Efendi (died 1625), Mesud Efendi (died 1597), Abdülaziz Efendi (died 1618), and Salih Efendi.

## Publications

* Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, Tâcü't-tevârih. Sad. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu, vols. 1-5, Kültür Bakanlığı, Ankara, 1974-1979 reprint:1999. ("Sad". means Sadelestiren, "simplification")
** Vol. 1: Osman Gazi, Orhan Gazi, Hüdevendigar Gazi ve Yıldırım Han Devirleri.
** Vol. 2: Yıldırım Han'dan Fatih Sultan Mehmed'e.
** Vol. 3: Fatih Sultan Mehmed ve İkinci Beyazid Dönemi.
** Vol. 4: Şehzadelerin Girişimleri - Selimname ve Yavuz Sultan Selim Dönemi.
** Vol. 5: Hatime. Orijinal karton kapaklarında.
* Saad ed-dini scriptoris turcici Annales turcici usque ad Muradem I cum textu turcico impressi. Translated to Latin, edited and annotated by Adam F. Kollár. Vienna: 1755.
* Bulgarian translation: Калицин, Мария. Корона на историите на Ходжа Садеддин. Transl. of Vol. 1. from Osman Turkish; analysis and commentary. Велико Търново (Veliko Tarnovo), Publ. "Абагар" ("Abagar"), 2000, 437 с, ISBN 954-427-427-8

## Sources

* 1 2 İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 118. (in Turkish)
* ↑ Çörekçi, Semra (2012). A tribute to the kingly virtues of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-1617): Hocazade Abdülaziz Efendi (d. 1618) and his Ahlak-ı Sultan Ahmedi. Istanbul Şehir University. p. 21 n. 76.
* This biographical article about a Turkish historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Ottoman biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Imeretinsky Kurort railway station

Imeretinsky Kurort railway station (Russian: Имеретинский курорт) is a railway station of the North Caucasus Railway, a subsidiary of Russian Railways, located in Adler District of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

## History

The station was built for the 2014 Winter Olympics as Olympic Park and was the main transport hub of Olympic Park, the coastal cluster. During the Olympics, 26 pairs of trains departed daily from the station to Krasnaya Polyana railway station where the remainder of the Olympic events occurred.
On 15 March 2016 the station was renamed Imeretinsky Kurort.

## Trains

* Tuapse — Olympic Park
* Sochi — Olympic Park
* Roza Khutor — Olympic Park

## Gallery

* The station building
* Fountain
# Katarzyna Osos

Katarzyna Osos (born 17 November 1980) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm (9th term) representing the constituency of Zielona Góra. She previously also served in the 8th term of the Sejm (2015–2019).
# Nithya Sre Sivan

Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan (born 7 January 2005) is an Indian para-badminton player. She won the bronze medal at the 2024 Paralympic Games in the women's singles event. Sivan has also won three bronze medals at the 2022 Asian Para Games in the singles, mixed and women's doubles events.

## Early life

NIthya started playing badminton with the able-bodied sportspersons In 2016 for fun and recreation. Later in 2019, she learnt about the para games and shifted her focus to competitive badminton and started training under coach Gaurav Khanna in Lucknow.

## Career

In October 2023, she won two bronze medals at the Asian Para Games. In April 2023, she won two gold medals at the Brazil Para Badminton International meet. In May 2022, the Asian Youth Para Games winner also won a gold medal at the 1st Bahrain Para Badminton International Championships in Manama. In December 2022, she bagged a gold in the women's singles SH6 finals defeating Worlds silver medallist at the Peru Para Badminton International in Lima.

## Awards

* Arjuna Award: For Para Badminton 2024.