# General Electric LM2500

The General Electric LM2500 is an industrial and marine gas turbine produced by GE Aviation. The LM2500 is a derivative of the General Electric CF6 aircraft engine.
As of 2004, the U.S. Navy and at least 29 other navies had used a total of more than one thousand LM2500/LM2500+ gas turbines to power warships. Other uses include hydrofoils, hovercraft and fast ferries.
In 2012, GE developed an FPSO version to serve the oil and gas industry's demand for a lighter, more compact version to generate electricity and drive compressors to send natural gas through pipelines.

## Design and development

The LM2500 was first used on the US Navy GTS Admiral W. M. Callaghan in 1969, after the original FT-4 gas turbines experienced many technical problems. Later, they were used in US Navy warships in the Spruance class of destroyers and the related Kidd class, which were constructed from 1970. In this configuration it was rated to 21,500 shp (16,000 kW). This configuration was subsequently used into the 1980s in the Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates, and Ticonderoga-class cruisers. It was also used by one of People's Republic of China's Type 052 Luhu Class Missile Destroyer (Harbin 112) acquired before the embargo.
The LM2500 was uprated to 26,500 shp (19,800 kW) for the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, which were initiated in the 1980s and started to see service in the early 1990s, and the T-AOE-6 class of fast combat tanker.
In 2001 the LM2500 (20 MW) was installed in a sound-proof capsule in the South African Navy Valour class (Meko A-200 SAN) frigates as part of a CODAG propulsion system with two MTU 16V 1163 TB93 Propulsion Diesels.
The current generation was uprated in the late 1990s to over 30,000 shp (22,000 kW).
LM2500 installations place the engine inside a metal container for sound and heat isolation from the rest of the machinery spaces. This container is very near the size of a standard 40-foot (12 m) intermodal shipping container – but not the same, the engine size very slightly exceeds those dimensions. The air intake ducting may be designed and shaped appropriately for easy removal of the LM2500 from their ships.
The LM2500+ is an evolution of the LM2500, delivering up to 40,200 shp (30,000 kW) or 28.6 MW of electric energy when combined with an electrical generator. Two of such turbo-generators have been installed in the superstructure near the funnel of Queen Mary 2, the world's largest transatlantic ocean liner, for additional electric energy for the liner to reach higher sea speeds.. Celebrity Cruises uses two LM2500+ engines in their Millennium-class cruise ships in a COGAS cycle (actually COGES, as the turbines generate electricity rather than driving the shafts directly).
The LM2500 is license-built in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited; in Italy by Avio Aero; and in Japan by IHI Corporation. (Subsequent to the February 2024 reporting of an IHI company whistleblower; On April 24, 2024, IHI announced that investigation was underway by Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of its subsidiary, IHI Power Systems Co., which had falsified its engine data since 2003, impacting over 4,000 engines globally.)
The LM2500/LM2500+ can often be found as turbine part of CODAG, CODOG, CODLAG propulsion systems or in pairs as powerplants for COGAG systems.

## Applications

Aircraft carrier:
* Italian aircraft carrier Cavour (C 550) (Italian Navy)
* Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi (C 551) (Italian Navy)
* HTMS Chakri Naruebet (Royal Thai Navy)
* Spanish aircraft carrier Príncipe de Asturias (Spanish Navy)
* INS Vikrant (Indian Navy)
Amphibious assault ship:
* America-class amphibious assault ship (United States Navy)
* Canberra-class landing helicopter dock (Royal Australian Navy)
* Spanish ship Juan Carlos I (L61) (Spanish Navy)
* USS Makin Island (LHD-8) (United States Navy)
Cruiser:
* Ticonderoga-class cruiser (United States Navy)
Destroyer:
* Arleigh Burke-class destroyer (United States Navy)
* Hobart-class destroyer (Royal Australian Navy)
* Atago-class destroyer (Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force)
* Durand de la Penne-class destroyer (Italian Navy)
* Gwanggaeto the Great-class destroyer (Republic of Korea Navy)
* Kidd-class destroyer (Republic of China Navy)
* Sejong the Great-class destroyer (Republic of Korea Navy)
* Kongō-class destroyer (Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force)
* Spruance-class destroyer (United States Navy)
* Type 052 destroyer (People's Liberation Army Navy)
* Project 18 (Indian Navy)
Frigate:
* Adelaide-class frigate (Royal Australian Navy)
* Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate (Spanish Navy)
* Anzac-class frigate (Royal Australian Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy)
* Baden-Württemberg-class frigate (German Navy)
* Barbaros-class frigate (Turkish Navy)
* Bhumibol Adulyadej-class frigate (Royal Thai Navy)
* Brandenburg-class frigate (German Navy)
* Bremen-class frigate (German Navy)
* Cheng Kung-class frigate (Republic of China Navy)
* Constellation-class frigate (United States Navy)
* FREMM multipurpose frigate (French Navy, Italian Navy, Royal Moroccan Navy)
* Fridtjof Nansen-class frigate (Royal Norwegian Navy)
* Halifax-class frigate (Royal Canadian Navy)
* Horizon-class frigate (French Navy, Italian Navy)
* Hydra-class frigate (Hellenic Navy)
* Jinnah-class frigate (Pakistan Navy)
* Naresuan-class frigate (Royal Thai Navy)
* Nilgiri-class frigate (Indian Navy)
* Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate (United States Navy)
* Thaon di Revel-class frigate (Italian Navy)
* Sachsen-class frigate (German Navy)
* Santa María-class frigate (Spanish Navy)
* Shivalik-class frigate (Indian Navy)
* Valour-class frigate (South African Navy)
* Vasco da Gama-class frigate (Portuguese Navy)
* Ulsan-class frigate (Republic of Korea Navy)
* Istanbul-class frigate (Turkish Navy)
Fast Combat Support Ship:
* Supply-class fast combat support ship (United States Navy)
Maritime Prepositioning Force:
* Watson-class vehicle cargo ship (United States Navy)
Littoral combat ship:
* Independence-class littoral combat ship (United States Navy)
Corvette:
* Pohjanmaa-class corvette (Finnish Navy)
* Niels Juel-class corvette (Royal Danish Navy)
* Sa'ar 5-class corvette (Israeli Navy)
* BRP Conrado Yap (PS-39) (Philippine Navy)
* Inhauma-class corvette (Brazilian Navy)
* Ada-class corvette (Turkish Navy)
* Next Generation Missile Vessels (Indian Navy)
Maritime Security Cutter, Large:
* Legend-class cutter (United States Coast Guard)
Fast Attack Patrol boat
* Pegasus-class hydrofoil (United States Navy)
* Mandau-class fast attack craft (Indonesian Navy)
Passenger Ship:
* Queen Mary 2 ocean liner (Cunard Line)
* Vista-class cruise ship (Holland America Line)
* Coral-class cruise ship (Princess Cruises)
* Gem-class cruise ship (Princess Cruises)
* Millennium-class cruise ship (Celebrity Cruises)
* Radiance-class cruise ship (Royal Caribbean International)

## Variants

The LM2500 is available in 3 different versions:
* The LM2500 delivers 33,600 shp (25,100 kW) with a thermal efficiency of 37 percent at ISO conditions. When coupled with an electric generator, it delivers 24 MW of electricity at 60 Hz with a thermal efficiency of 36 percent at ISO conditions.
* The improved, 3rd generation, LM2500+ version of the turbine delivers 40,500 shp (30,200 kW) with a thermal efficiency of 39 percent at ISO conditions. When coupled with an electric generator, it delivers 29 MW of electricity at 60 Hz with a thermal efficiency of 38 percent at ISO conditions.
* The latest, 4th generation, LM2500+G4 version was introduced in November 2005 and delivers 47,370 shp (35,320 kW) with a thermal efficiency of 39.3 percent at ISO conditions.

### Derivatives

* The GE TM2500 is derived from the LM2500, and mounted on a trailer that makes it possible to move it to wherever 30 MW of temporary electricity generation is required. It can be installed and commissioned in 11 days.

## Specification

The basic LM2500 has a single shaft gas generator derived from the CF6, comprising a 16 stage compressor driven by a two stage air-cooled HP turbine. The combustion chamber is annular. Shaft power is generated by a 6-stage power turbine mounted in the gas generator exhaust stream. Additional power is obtained from the LM2500+ by the addition of a zero stage to the compressor, making 17 stages in all. Specifications for three models of LM2500 series gas turbine engines:
LM 2500 series gas turbine engines specifications :
| Performance Category | LM2500 | LM2500+ | LM2500+G4 |
| Output | 33,600 shp (25,060 kW) | 40,500 shp (30,200 kW) | 47,370 shp (35,320 kW) |
| Fuel consumption | 0.373 lb/shp-hr (227 g/kW-hr) | 0.354 lb/shp-hr (215 g/kW-hr) | 0.352 lb/shp-hr (214 g/kW-hr) |
| Heat rate | 6,860 Btu/shp-hr (9,705 kJ/kW-hr) | 6,522 Btu/shp-hr (9,227 kJ/kW-hr) | 6,469 Btu/shp-hr (9,150 kJ/kW-hr) |
| Exhaust gas flow | 155 lb/s (70.5 kg/s) | 189 lb/s (85.9 kg/s) | 205 lb/s (93 kg/s) |
| Exhaust gas temperature | 1,051°F (566°C) | 965°F (518°C) | 1,020°F (549°C) |
| Turbine speed (rpm) | 3,600 | 3,600 | 3,600 |
| Thermal efficiency | 36% | 38% | 39% |
| Weight | 4.7 ton | 5.25 ton | 5.25 ton |