# Pushpa: The Rise

Pushpa: The Rise is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language period action drama film directed by Sukumar and produced by Mythri Movie Makers, together with Muttamsetty Media. The first installment in the Pushpa film series, it stars Allu Arjun in the titular role, alongside an ensemble cast of Rashmika Mandanna, Fahadh Faasil (in his Telugu debut), Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari, Dhananjaya, Sunil, Anasuya Bharadwaj, Rao Ramesh, Ajay, Shatru and Ajay Ghosh. The film follows Pushpa, a daily wage labourer who rises through the ranks of a syndicate involved in smuggling red sandalwood, a rare wood found only in the Seshachalam Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
The film began production in December 2019 but was halted in March 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic. Filming resumed in November 2020 and ended in November 2021, primarily taking place at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad and the Maredumilli forest in Andhra Pradesh. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad, with cinematography by Miroslaw Kuba Brozek.
Pushpa: The Rise was released worldwide on 17 December 2021 in theatres to mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances, action choreography, cinematography, direction, dialogues, and soundtrack but criticised the runtime, screenplay, plot, editing and its similarities with K.G.F franchise. The film was commercially successful, grossing over ₹360–393.50 crore at the worldwide box office. It became the highest-grossing Indian film of 2021 and ranks among the highest-grossing Telugu films of all time.
It was dubbed in Hindi with Shreyas Talpade, Rajesh Khattar and Sahil Vaid dubbing for Allu Arjun, Fahad Faasil and Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari respectively.
At the 69th National Film Awards, Pushpa: The Rise won two awards – Best Actor (Arjun) and Best Music Direction (Prasad). At the 67th Filmfare Awards South, it won seven awards meant for Telugu films, including Best Film, Best Director (Sukumar) and Best Actor (Arjun). The 74th Berlinale retrospectively featured it in 2024. A sequel titled Pushpa 2: The Rule was released on 5 December 2024.

## Plot

In the late 1990s, labourer Pushpa Raj decides to smuggle red sandalwood with his friend Kesava. He moves up the ranks in smuggler Konda Reddy's group while evading DSP Govindappa. Jaali, Konda's brother, despises Pushpa for receiving more attention from his elder brother. Konda's boss, Mangalam Srinu, entrusts Konda to keep his contraband of tons of sandalwood safe from the Police Department, and Pushpa is assigned to the task by the Reddy brothers so that if anything happens to it, they can blame him in front of Srinu. Jaali intentionally sabotages Pushpa so he will get caught by the police, but Pushpa and Kesava use their quick thinking to avoid getting caught. Pushpa discovers that Srinu is deceiving his workers and informs Konda, but he declines to confront the formidable Srinu.
Pushpa develops feelings for Srivalli, a milk vendor, leading to the arrangement of an engagement. During the ceremony, Pushpa's elder half-brother Mohan makes a scene, revealing Pushpa is illegitimate. Pushpa's mother sustains injuries in the ensuing scuffle, prompting him to rise to the occasion. He bypasses Srinu and is able to get a higher profit for the wood that he agrees to split with Konda. Jaali discovers Srivalli's father is a mole for Govindappa; lusting after Srivalli, Jaali blackmails her to sleep with him to save her father. Srivalli tells Pushpa, who beats Jaali and leaves him paralyzed. Jaali, intending to kill Pushpa himself, doesn't reveal who beat him, but Konda uncovers the truth on his own.
Konda tries to kill Pushpa, but Srinu's men and his brother-in-law, Mogileesu, attack them, killing Konda Reddy in the process. Pushpa rescues Konda's younger brother Jakka, rekindling their partnership, and murders Mogileesu. MLA Naidu arranges a truce between Pushpa and Srinu, but after discovering the latter's scams, he appoints Pushpa to replace Srinu. As time goes by, Pushpa controls the entire syndicate.
Govindappa resigns, and Bhanwar Singh Shekawat takes charge. Pushpa offers a bribe to Shekawat, but Shekawat ridicules Pushpa due to arrogance. After this incident, Pushpa ostensibly turns meek and submissive to Shekawat, but on the day of his wedding, Pushpa gets his revenge on Shekawat, revealing that he promised his mother he would stay safe and not get into trouble before his wedding day.
Pushpa forces Shekawat to strip down to his underwear, while he also does the same, boasting that he derives his prestige and power from himself. Shekawat, on the other hand, is nothing without his uniform, and even his dog would not recognise him without it. Pushpa departs to marry Srivalli, leaving a humiliated Shekawat to walk home, where his dog fails to identify him, as Pushpa had predicted. Enraged, Shekawat shoots the dog dead and burns Pushpa's bribe money, swearing revenge. Pushpa, after marrying Srivalli, tells her that his rule has just begun.

## Cast

* Allu Arjun as Pushpa Raj
** Master Dhruvan as Young Pushpa Raj
* Rashmika Mandanna as Srivalli, Pushpa's love interest and fiancee later turned wife
* Fahadh Faasil as SP Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat IPS, an egotistic police officer of rank SSP who is humiliated by Pushpa for insulting him and eventually swears revenge as retaliation
* Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari as Kesava aka Mondelu, Pushpa's close ally who is associated to him in his every step
* Sunil as Mangalam Srinu, a middleman in the sandalwood smuggling business and a repressive man who manages the syndicate and is eventually overthrown by Pushpa
* Rao Ramesh as MP Bhumireddy Siddappa Naidu, a politician who appoints Pushpa to manage the syndicate as Srinu's replacement
* Dhananjaya as Jaali Reddy; Konda Reddy and Jakka Reddy's younger brother who dislikes Pushpa for his popularity and ended up getting beaten up by him for blackmailing Srivalli
* Anasuya Bharadwaj as Dakshayani "Daksha", Srinu's wife who seeks to take revenge on Pushpa for her brother's death
* Ajay as Molleti Mohan Raj, Pushpa's elder half-brother who refuses to accept him
* Ajay Ghosh as Konda Reddy, Pushpa's former employer turned partner who is murdered by Mogileesu
* Shatru as DSP Govindappa, who seeks to expose the syndicate
* Shanmukh as Jakka Reddy, Konda Reddy's elder brother and Pushpa's partner
* Sritej as Molleti Dharma Raj, Pushpa's second elder half-brother
* Pavani Karanam as Pushpa's niece and Mohan's daughter
* Mime Gopi as Chennai Murugan, a smuggler
* Brahmaji as Sub-Inspector Kupparaj, Bhanwar's junior official
* Kalpa Latha as Parvatamma, Pushpa's mother who is condemned by the society for having a son out of wedlock
* Dayanand Reddy as Muniratnam, Srivalli's father who is threatened by Govindappa to be his mole in the syndicate
* Raj Tirandasu as Mogileesu, Srinu's brother-in-law who is killed by Pushpa
* Samantha Ruth Prabhu in a guest appearance in the item number "Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava"

## Production
### Development

Post the success of Rangasthalam (2018), Sukumar narrated a script to Mahesh Babu, with whom he previously worked in 1: Nenokkadine (2014). Babu, who liked the story, gave a nod to the project and was reported to start the shoot after completing Vamshi Paidipally's project Maharshi (2019). In mid-April 2018, Mythri Movie Makers, which collaborated with Sukumar in their previous film Rangasthalam, officially announced the project which was tentatively titled as #SSMB26, thus marking their second collaboration with Babu and Sukumar. The film was expected to begin in January 2019, but, in that March, Babu walked out of Sukumar's project, citing creative differences, and he confirmed this through Twitter. The actor instead signed his next project with Anil Ravipudi titled Sarileru Neekevvaru, Whereas Sukumar approached Allu Arjun for his next film, marking his reunion with the director after a decade since Arya 2 (2009); Mythri Movie Makers, which earlier associated with Babu and Sukumar's project, also agreed to produce the venture.
In an interview with Press Trust of India, Sukumar stated, "I couldn't make Mahesh Babu cool. He is very fair. So, the backdrop was the same but the story is different."

### Pre-production

Sukumar described the storyline as follows: "The red sanders heist in the hills of Andhra is a convoluted nexus that unfurls in the course of the narrative through a coolie-turned-smuggler." Sukumar explored the subject of red sandalwood smuggling when he read about such incidents in Andhra Pradesh years ago. Sukumar did his research and thought of developing the project as a web series. However, he later decided to turn the project into a feature film. He personally went for location scouting across Nallamala Hills, as the film is set in Rayalaseema and Nellore, and the plot revolves around red sanders smuggling. Since most of the film takes place in a rural backdrop, Allu Arjun was reported to have learned the Chittoor accent for the film, and the makers hired a team from Bollywood to work on his look. Seshachalam forest, located in the hilly region of Tirumala, serves as the backdrop for the story. Polish cinematographer Miroslaw Kuba Brozek, who worked for Nani's Gangleader (2019) was signed for the film. Karthika Srinivas performed the film's editing, whereas Mounika and Ramakrishna, the art directors of Sukumar's previous film Rangasthalam (2018) were chosen for production design. Resul Pookutty signed for the film's sound design, along with Vijay Kumar. The film's title Pushpa was officially announced on 8 April 2020, on the occasion of Allu Arjun's birthday, and a poster was also released.

### Casting

Allu Arjun played the titular character Pushpa Raj, a red-sanders smuggler, and sported a bearded look for his role in the film. Rashmika Mandanna was cast as the film's lead actress, with an official announcement made on Allu Arjun's birthday (8 April 2019). Mandanna in an online interaction confirmed that she will be learning a new dialect for the film, like Arjun, which is slightly based on the dialect of Chittoor. Jisshu Sengupta was originally offered to play the antagonist but he refused due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and time constraints. Vijay Sethupathi entered talks to play the antagonist in October 2019, having worked with Sukumar in the director's production venture Uppena (2021), and was confirmed to be part of the film in January 2020. However, in July 2020, Sethupathi left the film citing scheduling conflicts. Post Sethupathi's exit, Vikram, Bobby Simha, Madhavan and Arya were reported to be playing negative roles in the film, but ultimately Malayalam actor Fahadh Faasil was announced as the film's antagonist in March 2021, thus marking his debut in Telugu cinema. For his role in the film, Fahadh sported a bald look and a rough moustache.
In April 2020, reports indicated that Kannada actor Dhananjaya would play a pivotal role. The film's second schedule cast Sunil in a supporting role in November 2020. Reports suggested that Sunil's character exhibited ambiguity in the film. Despite reports of Anasuya Bharadwaj playing a crucial role, she later clarified that no one approached her for the film. However, Bharadwaj joined the film's shooting in April 2021. Sritej confirmed his casting as Pushpa Raj's brother in July 2021. The film had three antagonists, with Sunil and Anasuya being the antagonists in the first part, Fahadh's character, Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat, who is the main antagonist, will only make an appearance at the end of the first part and will persist throughout its sequel Jagadeesh was cast by Sukumar after he watched his performances in the films Mallesham (2019) and George Reddy (2019). In an interview, Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari revealed that he had left 15 smaller projects for working in the film. Samantha joined the production in late-November 2021. She shot for the item song "Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava" alongside Allu Arjun and others. On working in the song, she said that "being sexy is next level hard work".

### Filming

In July 2019, the makers planned to start filming during the occasion of Dusshera (7 October 2019). However, the launch event of the film took place on 30 October 2019, with a formal puja ceremony (muhurat shot) held in Hyderabad at the office of Mythri Movie Makers, with the film's cast and crew being present at the event. In December 2019, Sukumar performed a test shoot in Kerala's Athirappilly Falls. After Allu Arjun's involvement in the promotions of Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo (2020), the makers planned to shoot the first schedule of the film in Kerala in March 2020, with Arjun joining the schedule, however, the filming was halted due to COVID-19 pandemic in India.
For a 6-minute action sequence in the film, the team planned to hire action choreographers from South India, instead of opting for foreign technicians. Thus, the film became a "Make In India" project, and an initiative to provide employment to the workers from the Indian film industry, after some technicians faced employment crisis due to the pandemic. This sequence was reported to be made a cost of ₹6 crore (US$690,000) and Allu Arjun trained intensively for it.
In June 2020, the makers planned to resume the shoot at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad, and later planned to shoot the film at Nalgonda. After the government permitted film shootings with a minimal crew, the makers resumed filming on 10 November 2020 in the Maredumilli forest in Andhra Pradesh, and completed it within 14 days. The team then moved to Rajahmundry in December 2020 to shoot key sequences, but that was postponed to January 2021, as twelve crew members working on the film were diagnosed with COVID-19. The shooting later resumed in January 2021 and the production house tweeted that two schedules at Rampachodavaram and Maredumilli were completed within February 2021. The team also finished a schedule at Kerala in March 2021.
The shooting of the film was put on hold due to restrictions following the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India, and Allu Arjun was also diagnosed with COVID-19 in late April. The team resumed the final leg of shooting on 6 July 2021, with a major schedule filmed in Secunderabad, but came to a halt on 24 July 2021 when Sukumar was diagnosed with dengue fever. The filming resumed after Sukumar recovered from the disease. On 22 August 2021, Fahadh Faasil joined the shooting schedule of the film. After wrapping her portions in the Hindi film Goodbye, Rashmika joined the shoot to film her parts. In September 2021, she rejoined the shoot after a brief break. On 8 September, Allu Arjun headed to Maredumilli to film the final schedule. After a month-long production, on 4 October, the team started shooting face-off scenes between Allu Arjun and Fahadh Faasil. The song "Srivalli" was mainly shot in Thirumalai Kovil, Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu. Finally, a special song featuring Samantha was filmed in November 2021 at a specially constructed set at the Ramoji Film City and "Ey Bidda Idi Na Adda" (transl. "This is my area") song was filmed at the Mallikarjun Swami Temple of Beeramguda. After this, the film entered a post-production phase.
Speaking to the media at a promotional event of the Tamil version in Chennai, Allu Arjun said that "We had about 400–500 cars in the forest that would take us from point A to B. In some places, there were no roads and we had to create a pathway with whatever was available. The filming itself took us almost two years, that is why I say this: the effort we had put in for Pushpa is equal to four films."

### Post-production

The dubbing of the film began in April 2021. Ten days before the release of the film, Shreyas Talpade confirmed that he has dubbed for Allu Arjun for the film's Hindi version. Jis Joy who has dubbed for Arjun's previous films in Malayalam, was signed to dub for Allu Arjun for the Malayalam version, and by the early-December 2021 he had completed his portions of the dubbing. K. P. Sekar lent Allu Arjun's voice for the film's Tamil version. Fahadh Faasil has dubbed for his role in all the languages, except Hindi which was dubbed by Rajesh Khattar.

## Music

Sukumar's regular collaborator Devi Sri Prasad composed score and soundtrack of this film. The soundtrack features five songs written by Chandrabose, including "Daakko Daakko Meka", "Srivalli", "Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava", "Saami Saami", and "Eyy Bidda Idhi Naa Adda".

## Release
### Theatrical

Pushpa: The Rise was released on 17 December 2021. Previously, the film was announced to release on 13 August 2021, coinciding with the Independence Day weekend. In May 2021, the makers announced that the film would be releasing in two parts, with the first part coming on the originally intended release date while the second installment will be arriving in 2023. The producers released a statement saying: "The storyline and the characters took on lives of their own and grew to a span that required the movie to be released in two parts", and the title of the film's first part was unveiled as Pushpa: The Rise – Part 1 in August 2021. Due to a surge in the COVID-19 pandemic, the film's release was rescheduled to Christmas 2021. In October 2021, the makers announced the release date as 17 December 2021. It was simultaneously released in Telugu and dubbed versions in Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi languages.
Following the release, the makers deleted a controversial scene on fans' demand as they felt it may not go well with the family audience. In the scene, Pushpa (played by Arjun) touches Srivalli's (played by Mandanna) chest and has a conversation about it. It is also reported that a few more scenes were cut to reduce its runtime.
In the later half of 2022, it got officially dubbed in Russian, the production company released Russian-language trailer on YouTube on 29 November 2022 and the film was released in theatres of Russia. The film was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival in 2022. It was screened in the category "Blockbuster hits from around the world".

### Distribution

On 25 June 2021, Eenadu reported that the Hindi dubbing rights were sold for ₹17.3 crore (equivalent to ₹19 crore or US$2.2 million in 2023). Initially Karan Johar's Dharma Productions was reported to have acquired the distribution rights, to present and promote the Hindi version of the film in North Indian theatres. This was reported to be the third South Indian film to be presented by the company after the Baahubali franchise and 2.0 (2018). However, it was also reported that the film's Hindi version will not be a simultaneous theatrical release; instead the Hindi dubbed version will be released directly on YouTube. The Hindi release faced troubles due to legal disputes between the producers and Manish Shah's Goldmines Telefilms, which regularly distributed the Hindi versions of Allu Arjun's previous films. In November 2021, a Hindi-version poster was later released, clarifying that the film will have a theatrical release in Hindi. In the same month it was also reported that the Goldmines Telefilms will distribute the Hindi-dub by collaborating with another production company. On 20 November 2021, it was confirmed through social media that the Hindi distribution would be done by AA Films.
The film was distributed in Tamil Nadu by Lyca Productions and Sri Lakshmi Movies, Swagath Enterprises in Karnataka and by E4 Entertainments in Kerala.

### Home media

Star India Network acquired the satellite rights of the film (except the Hindi version, which was acquired by Goldmines TV), while Amazon Prime Video acquired the digital rights. The film began streaming 21 days later through Amazon Prime Video on 7 January 2022, while the Hindi version began streaming from 14 January 2022. The film was also released in Japanese Blu-ray version on 7 August 2024.

## Reception
### Critical response

Pushpa: The Rise received generally mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances, action choreography, cinematography, direction, dialogues, and soundtrack but criticised the runtime, screenplay and editing.
Bollywood Hungama gave it 3.5/5 rating, noting it as a "Paisa Vasool" (transl. Value for money) film and called Sukumar's screenplay "top notch". The Indian Express gave it 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Allu Arjun walks away with the film with his strong performance. He embraces his deglamorized look and delivers a memorable performance". Deccan Chronicle gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, and called it a "one-man show" referring to lead actor Allu Arjun. The reviewer added that the latter half was predictable and "Sami Sami" song appears without context with the climax lacking punch. A reviewer from Pinkvilla gave the film 3 out of 5 stars praising Allu's performance and soundtrack writing, "'Pushpa: The Rise' needed smarter writing for sure. But it's still one of the most engaging mass masala films in recent times. Devi Sri Prasad's superb songs hit the ball out of the park". The Times of India critic Neeshita Nyayapati rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and praised Allu's performance, action sequences, direction, cinematography and score but criticised the technical aspects while stating: "Pushpa: The Rise is Allu Arjun's show all the way. He shines in playing this rustic character that is hard on the surface but vulnerable in ways that others don't see." Rating the film 3/5, India Today critic Janani K. praised Allu and Sunil's performances but felt that Mandanna was in the film "only for the male gaze". On technical aspects, she appreciated cinematography and editing but criticised Sukumar's screenplay, calling it "one of the weakest screenplay of his career."
Haricharan Pudipeddi of Hindustan Times called it "Ahaa Oho", writing, "At three-hour-long, Pushpa manages to stay engaging for the most part and never makes sitting through the film tiring. It's a character-driven story and Sukumar needs to be lauded for effectively establishing the character of Pushpa, whose growth couldn't have been handled more satisfyingly." News18 praised the performances, action sequences and soundtrack writing "Overall, the film is a massy entertainer with a decent storyline and is custom-made for Allu Arjun's fans." Reviewing the Hindi dubbed version, Komal Nahata praised Arjun's acting and Shreyas Talpade's Hindi dubbing of the Pushpa character. Praising the work of cast and crew, a reviewer from Eenadu opined that Sukumar should have re-thought the runtime and spent more time in the post-production. In ABP News's review, Ravi Bule felt that the story was not fresh but by the style it was expressed in was new. Writing for The News Minute, Sowmya Rajendran said: "Allu Arjun is immensely likable on screen and that keeps Pushpa going despite its lengthy runtime of three hours." Also opining that the film was a bit long, Firstpost's Sankeertana Varma said: "Sukumar has a vision for who Pushpa is, both the character and the film." Calling it a "mixed bag", Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu, wrote, "Pushpa – The Rise is riveting in some segments and bland in others. Allu Arjun shoulders the film, but his coming together with Sukumar should have been for a more absorbing narrative."
The Hans India rated the film 2.75 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The first half is quite engaging but the second half moves at a snail pace and bores us to the core. Barring Allu Arjun's exceptional performance, there is nothing else to watch out for in Pushpa". Karthik Keramalu of The Quint rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The meat of the story doesn't have enough protein to sustain a sequel. Sukumar could have easily wrapped up everything in this movie itself. And now we'll have to sit through three more hours of Shekhawat versus Pushpa". Anji Shetty of Sakshi appreciated the red sandalwood backdrop and Allu's characterisation but felt that the story was predictable and the climax with Fahadh was a disappointment. In her review for BBC Telugu, Sahiti stated Sukumar deviated from his usual style of filmmaking and opted for flat narrative in Pushpa which was one of the film's downsides. A News 18 Hindi reviewer also felt the same, she added Mandanna's role was very dull and director doesn't dwell onto how ordinary kid like Pushpa grows up to a goon of his village.

### Box office

On its opening day, Pushpa: The Rise netted ₹44 crore in India with a gross of around ₹53 crore, and set a post-pandemic record for day one. Including the premieres, the film grossed $850,000 in the United States and obtained a worldwide gross of ₹74 crore on its first day. Pushpa grossed over ₹161 crore worldwide in its opening weekend. It netted over ₹107.5 crore in three days, making it the first ₹100 crore weekend in India post-COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, it is the 13th film and fourth South Indian film to achieve this feat. Box Office India reported that the opening would have been higher, if not for the ticket pricing issue in Andhra Pradesh state. An article from The Indian Express analysed the losses incurred by The Rise due to low ticket prices in Andhra. "Pushpa collected a [distributor's] share of a little more than ₹13 crore from the state's 1100 screens. To put this in perspective, in Telangana, the first-day share of Pushpa was pegged at over ₹11 crore from around 600-odd screens," the article stated.
The film's Hindi dubbed version is commercially successful. The Rise's Hindi version netted ₹26.50 crore in its first week, and over ₹62 crore by the end of third weekend. The Rise netted over ₹200 crore in India in two weeks, and became the seventh South India film and the second Allu Arjun film after Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo (2020) to do so. The film grossed ₹300 crore worldwide from all versions by the end of the third weekend, and emerged as the highest grossing Indian film in 2021. The scale of the dub's commercial gains have been considered unusual, especially as the film was also available on streaming platforms during its Hindi theatrical run. Its success, as well as the popularity of other Telugu films dubbed into Hindi, has been mainly attributed to the film's mass appeal as a masala film during a time when Hindi cinema has focused more on realism and has become more "toned down".

## Accolades

At the 69th National Film Awards, Pushpa: The Rise won two awards – Best Actor (Arjun) and Best Music Direction (Prasad).

## Controversies
### Copyright

Sukumar and the makers were accused of copyright infringement by the writer Vempalli Gangadhar. In a Facebook post dated 27 August 2020, Gangadhar stated that the storyline which is based on red sandalwood smuggling, was plagiarised from his short story titled "Coolie" written for Sakshi newspaper which was published two years earlier.

### Lawsuit

In December 2021, a lawsuit was filed at a court in Andhra Pradesh against a song in the film titled "Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava" (transl. Will you say yes or will you say no?) by a men's association. According to them, the song portrayed men as casanovas and eve teasers as its lyrics seemingly mock the male gaze. They also asked for a ban on the song.

## Legacy and Impact

One of the dialogues from the film, "Thaggede Le" ("Jhukega Nahi Saala" [I won't back down] in Hindi version) achieved the cult status and made a huge impact in the Indian pop culture scene.

## Sequel

Initially planned as a single film, it was later decided to make the film a two-part release. The second part, titled Pushpa 2: The Rule was released on 5 December 2024. A third part titled Pushpa 3: The Rampage is also in development.