# List of communist parties

Official ruling parties in communist states      Communist parties as ruling parties or part of a governing coalition in multi-party states      Formerly ruled under a one-party system      Formerly ruled under a parliamentary majority or minority government      Formerly ruled as a coalition partner or supporter      Parts of countries formerly ruled under a one-party system :
There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number that used to be active. They differ not only in method, but also in strict ideology and interpretation, although they are generally within the tradition of Marxism–Leninism.
The formation of communist parties in various countries was first initiated by the Russian Bolsheviks within the Communist International. Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Chinese Communist Party or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.
Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but did govern a state or region within a country. Others have also been represented in national, state, or regional parliaments. Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism, instead advocating insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils.

## Officially ruling in communist states

In the following countries, communist parties either lead the ruling coalition or hold monopoly on state power as defined by their respective country's constitutions.
| Country | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes |
| China | Communist Party of China 中国共产党 | CPC 中共 | Xi Jinping | 1 July 1921 (1921-7-1) | Socialism with Chinese characteristics Marxism–LeninismMao Zedong ThoughtDeng Xiaoping TheoryThree RepresentsScientific Outlook on DevelopmentXi Jinping ThoughtSocialist patriotism | National People's Congress: 2,103 / 2,980 | |
| Cuba | Communist Party of Cuba Partido Comunista de Cuba | PCC | Miguel Díaz-Canel | 3 October 1965 (1965-10-3) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Castroism Guevarism Socialist patriotism | National Assembly: 442 / 470 | Leads the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution |
| Laos | Lao People's Revolutionary Party ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ | LPRP ພປປລ | Thongloun Sisoulith | 22 May 1955 (1955-5-22) | Marxism–Leninism Kaysone Phomvihane Thought | National Assembly: 158 / 164 | Leads the Lao Front for National Development |
| North Korea | Workers' Party of Korea 조선로동당 | WPK 로동당 | Kim Jong Un | 24 June 1948 (1948-6-24) | Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism | Supreme People's Assembly: 607 / 687 | |
| Vietnam | Communist Party of Vietnam Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam | CPV ĐCSVN | Tô Lâm | 3 February 1930 (1930-2-3) | Marxism–Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought Socialist patriotism Vietnamese nationalism | National Assembly: 485 / 499 | Leads the Vietnamese Fatherland Front |

## Ruling or part of ruling coalition in multi-party states

| Country | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes |
| Belarus | Communist Party of Belarus Камуністычная партыя Беларусі | CPB КПБ | Aliaksiej Sokal | 2 November 1996 (1996-11-2) | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism Belarusian–Russian unionism Pro-Lukashenko | House of Representatives: 7 / 110 | Supports the government of president Alexander Lukashenko |
| Brazil | Communist Party of Brazil Partido Comunista do Brasil | PCdoB | Luciana Santos | 25 March 1922 (1922-03-25) | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 6 / 513 | Member of the ruling federation, Brazil of Hope |
| Chile | Communist Party of Chile Partido Comunista de Chile | PCCh | Guillermo Teillier | 4 June 1912 (1912-6-4) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing populism | Chamber of Deputies: 12 / 155 | Member of the ruling Apruebo Dignidad coalition |
| Colombia | Colombian Communist Party Partido Comunista Colombiano | PCC | Jaime Caycedo | 1930 (1930) | Marxism–Leninism Bolivarianism | Chamber of Representatives: 0 / 188 Senate: 0 / 108 | Member of the ruling Historic Pact for Colombia |
| Colombia | Commons Comunes | | Timoleón Jiménez | 1 September 2017 (2017-09-1) | Marxism–Leninism Bolivarianism | Chamber of Representatives: 5 / 188 Senate: 5 / 108 | Member of the ruling Historic Pact for Colombia |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | CPN (UML) | KP Sharma Oli | 6 January 1991 (1991-1-6) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | House of Representatives: 79 / 275 National Assembly: 17 / 59 | |
| Palestine | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | PFLP | Ahmad Sa'adat | 11 December 1967 (1967-12-11) | Palestinian nationalism Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism One-state solution Anti-Zionism Secularism Anti-imperialism Pan-Arabism Arab nationalism | Legislative Council: 3 / 132 | Member of the PLO |
| Palestine | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | DFLP | Nayef Hawatmeh | 1969 (1969) | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Palestinian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Anti-Zionism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | Member of the PLO |
| Palestine | Palestinian People's Party حزب الشعب الفلسطيني | PPP | Bassam Al-Salhi | February 1982 (1982-2) | Marxism Palestinian nationalism Left-wing nationalism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | Member of the PLO |
| South Africa | South African Communist Party | SACP | Blade Nzimande | 12 February 1921 (1921-2-12) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | National Assembly: 0 / 400 | Participates in the ruling Tripartite Alliance |
| Spain | Communist Party of Spain Partido Comunista de España | PCE | Enrique Santiago | 14 November 1921 (1921-11-14) | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism Internationalism Federalism | Congress of Deputies: 7 / 350 | Member of United Left, which participates in the PSOE–Sumar coalition government |
| Sri Lanka | Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ | JVP | Anura Kumara Dissanayake | 14 May 1965 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Revolutionary socialism Anti-imperialism Progressivism | Parliament:159 / 225 | Main constituent of the ruling National People's Power |
| Tajikistan | Communist Party of Tajikistan Ҳизби Коммунистии Тоҷикистон | CPT | Miroj Abdulloyev | 1924 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Assembly of Representatives: 2 / 63 | External support to government |
| Uruguay | Communist Party of Uruguay Partido Comunista del Uruguay | PCU | Juan Castillo | 19 September 1920 (1920-9-19) | Marxism–Leninism Internationalism | Chamber of Representatives: 6 / 99 | Member of the Broad Front |
| Uruguay | People's Victory Party Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo | PVP | | July 1975 | Marxism Guevarism Libertarian socialism Anti-capitalism Anti-authoritarianism | Chamber of Representatives: 1 / 99 | Member of the Broad Front |
| Venezuela | Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro | MRT | Oswaldo Jiménez | 1992 (1992) | Marxism-Leninism Guevarism Foco theory Left-wing nationalism Revolutionary socialism | Chamber of Deputies: 7 / 277 | Participates in the ruling Great Patriotic Pole |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan Popular Unity Unidad Popular Venezolana | UPV | Lina Ron | 6 February 2004 (2004-2-6) | Bolivarianism Socialism Anti-imperialism Marxism | Chamber of Deputies: 2 / 277 | Participates in the ruling Great Patriotic Pole |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan Revolutionary Currents Corrientes Revolucionarias Venezolanas | CRV | Ramsés Augusto Reyes Colmenares [es] | 2000 (2000) | Guevarism Chavismo Anti-imperialism Left-wing nationalism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 277 | Participates in the ruling Great Patriotic Pole |

## Main opposition or part of main opposition coalition

| Country | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes |
| Argentina | Revolutionary Communist Party | PCR | Otto Vargas | | | | Member of the Unión por la Patria |
| Cyprus | Progressive Party of Working People Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú | AKEL | Stefanos Stefanou | 15 August 1926 (1926-8-15) | Marxism–Leninism Pacifism Cypriot nationalism Federalism Soft euroscepticism | House of Representatives: 15 / 56 | |
| France | French Communist Party Parti communiste français | PCF | Fabien Roussel | 30 December 1920 | Marxism–Leninism Soft Euroscepticism | National Assembly: 12 / 577 | Member of the non-ruling New Popular Front180 / 577 |
| India | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | Vaccant | | Marxism–Leninism | Rajya Sabha: 5 / 245 Lok Sabha: 4 / 543 | Member of non-organisational bloc Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |
| India | Communist Party of India | CPI | D. Raja | | Marxism | Rajya Sabha: 2 / 245 Lok Sabha: 2 / 543 | Member of non-organisational bloc Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |
| India | Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation | CPIML-L | Dipankar Bhattacharya | | Marxism Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 2 / 543 | Member of non-organisational bloc Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |
| Moldova | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCRM | Vladimir Voronin | 19 October 1993 (1993-10-19) | Marxism–Leninism Moldovenism Social conservatism Soviet patriotism Russophilia | Parliament: 10 / 101 | Member of BECS |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) | CPN (Maoist) नेकपा (माओवादी) | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 1994 (1994) | Prachanda Path Left-wing nationalism | House of Representatives: 32 / 275 | |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत-समाजवादी) | CPN (Unified Socialist) नकप (एकीकृत-समाजवादी) | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 18 August 2021 (2021-8-18) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | House of Representatives: 10 / 275 |
| Russia | Communist Party of the Russian Federation Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации | CPRF | Gennady Zyuganov | 14 February 1993 (1993-2-14) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Social conservatism Soviet patriotism Neo-Stalinism | State Duma: 57 / 450 Federation Council: 4 / 178 | |
| Transnistria | Transnistrian Communist Party Приднестровская коммунистическая партия | PKP | Nadezhda Bondarenko | | Marxism-Leninism | | No members in parliament but only opposition party with the second position in the votes |

## Formerly ruling
### One-party system

| Country | Name | Abbr. | Leaders | Founded | Dissolved | Ideology | Notes |
| Afghanistan (1978–1992) | People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند | PDPA | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) Mohammad Najibullah (last) | 1 January 1965 (1965-1-1) | 16 April 1992 (1992-4-16) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Secularism Revolutionary socialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism in 1987, deposed in 1992 |
| Albania (1946–1992) | Party of Labour of Albania Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë | PPSh | Enver Hoxha (first) Ramiz Alia (last) | 8 November 1941 (1941-11-8) | 13 June 1991 (1991-6-13) | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy in 1991 and now known as the Socialist Party of Albania |
| Angola (1975–1992) | People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola | MPLA | Agostinho Neto (first) João Lourenço (current) | 10 December 1956 (1956-12-10) | | Marxism–Leninism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy |
| Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946) | Azerbaijani Democratic Party Azərbaycan Demokrat Firqəsi فرقه دموکرات آذربایجان< | ADP ADF فدآ< | Ja'far Pishevari | 3 September 1945 (1945-9-3) | 1960 (1960) | Marxism–Leninism Azerbaijani nationalism Left-wing nationalism Pan-Turkism | Ceased to exist in exile |
| Benin (1975–1990) | People's Revolutionary Party of Benin Parti de la révolution populaire du Bénin | PRPB | Mathieu Kérékou | 30 November 1975 (1975-11-30) | 30 April 1990 (1990-4-30) | Marxism–Leninism Scientific socialism Beninese nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Union of Forces of Progress |
| Bulgaria (1946–1990) | Bulgarian Communist Party Българска комунистическа партия | PRPB БКП | Dimitar Blagoev (first) Aleksandar Lilov (last) | 27 May 1919 (1919-5-27) | 3 April 1990 (1990-4-3) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism (until 1956) | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Bulgarian Socialist Party |
| Cambodia (1975–1979) | Communist Party of Kampuchea បក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តកម្ពុជា | CPK ប.ក.ក | Tou Samouth (first) Pol Pot (last) | 30 September 1960 (1960-9-30) | 6 December 1981 (1981-12-6) | Maoism Khmer nationalism Agrarianism Anti-intellectualism Autarky | Succeeded by the exiled, non-ruling and now defunct Party of Democratic Kampuchea |
| Cambodia (1979–1992) | Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party គណបក្សប្រជាជនបដិវត្តន៍កម្ពុជា | KPRP | Pen Sovan (first) Heng Samrin (last) | 28 June 1951 (1951-6-28) 5 January 1979 (1979-1-5) | 17 October 1991 (1991-10-17) | Marxism–Leninism Revisionism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for centrism and is now known as the Cambodian People's Party |
| Congo (1979–1992) | Congolese Party of Labour Parti congolais du travail | PCT | Marien Ngouabi (first) Denis Sassou Nguesso (current) | 29 December 1969 (1969-12-29) | | Marxism–Leninism Scientific socialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy |
| Croatia (1945–1990) | League of Communists of Croatia Savez komunista Hrvatske | SKH | Pavle Gregorić (first) Ivica Račan (last) | 1 August 1937 (1937-8-1) | 3 November 1990 (1990-11-3) | Marxism–Leninism Titoism (from 1948) | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism and Titoism for social democracy in 1989–1990 and is now known as the Social Democratic Party of Croatia |
| Czechoslovakia (1948–1990) | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Komunistická strana Československa | KSČ | Václav Šturc (first) Ladislav Adamec (last) | 16 May 1921 (1921-5-16) | 3 November 1992 (1992-11-3) | Marxism–Leninism Socialism with a human face (1968) Husakism (1969–1989) | Split into the non-ruling Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the social democratic Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia) |
| Ethiopia (1979–1984) | Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ የሥራ ሕዝብ ፓርቲ የማደራጀት ኮሚሽን | COPWE | Mengistu Haile Mariam | 17 December 1979 (1979-12-17) | 12 September 1984 (1984-9-12) | Marxism–Leninism | Succeeded by the Workers' Party of Ethiopia |
| Ethiopia (1984–1991) | Workers' Party of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ሠራተኞች ፓርቲ | WPE የሠፓ | Mengistu Haile Mariam | 12 September 1984 (1984-9-12) | 21 May 1991 (1991-5-21) | Marxism–Leninism | Deposed in 1991 |
| East Germany (1949–1989) | Socialist Unity Party of Germany Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands | SED | Wilhelm Pieck & Otto Grotewohl (first) Egon Krenz (last) | 21 April 1946 (1946-4-21) | 16 December 1989 (1989-12-16) | Marxism–Leninism Socialist patriotism Stalinism (until 1956) | Became the Party of Democratic Socialism and is now a part of The Left |
| Greece (1944, 1947–1949) | Communist Party of Greece Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας | KKE ΚΚΕ | Avraam Benaroya (first) Dimitris Koutsoumpas (current) | 17 November 1918 (1918-11-17) | | Marxism–LeninismInternationalism Anti-capitalism Euroscepticism | Overthrown during the Greek Civil War |
| Grenada (1979–1983) | New Jewel Movement | NJM | Maurice Bishop | 11 March 1973 (1973-3-11) | 29 October 1983 (1983-10-29) | Marxism–Leninism State atheism Revolutionary socialism RepublicanismLeft-wing populism Pan-AfricanismAnti-colonialism | Lost power and ceased to exist after an internal party split, a military coup and the American invasion, succeeded by the Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement |
| Hungary (1919) | Hungarian Communist Party Magyar Kommunista Párt | MKP | Béla Kun (first) Mátyás Rákosi (last) | 24 November 1918 (1918-11-24) | 22 July 1948 (1948-7-22) | Marxism–Leninism State atheism Revolutionary socialism Republicanism Stalinism | Deposed in August 1919 |
| Hungary (1948–1989) | Hungarian Communist Party Magyar Kommunista Párt | MKP | Béla Kun (first) Mátyás Rákosi (last) | 24 November 1918 (1918-11-24) | 22 July 1948 (1948-7-22) | Marxism–Leninism State atheism Revolutionary socialism Republicanism Stalinism | Merged with the Social Democratic Party of Hungary in the Hungarian Working People's Party |
| Hungary (1948–1989) | Hungarian Working People's Party Magyar Dolgozók Pártja | MDP | Mátyás Rákosi (first) János Kádár (last) | 22 July 1948 (1948-7-22) | 31 October 1956 (1956-10-31) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Reorganized into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 |
| Hungary (1948–1989) | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt | MSZMP | János Kádár (first) Rezső Nyers (last) | 31 October 1956 (1956-10-31) | 7 October 1989 (1989-10-7) | Marxism–Leninism Kádárism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Hungarian Socialist Party |
| Mongolia (1921–1992) | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам | MAKhN МАХН | Damdin Sükhbaatar (first) Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene (current) | 25 June 1920 (1920-6-25) | | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism (1928-1956) | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy |
| Mozambique (1975–1990) | FRELIMO Party Partido FRELIMO | FRELIMO | Eduardo Mondlane (first) Filipe Nyusi (current) | 25 June 1962 (1962-6-25) | | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for democratic socialism |
| Poland (1944–1989) | Polish Workers' Party Polska Partia Robotnicza | PPR | Władysław Gomułka | 5 January 1942 (1942-1-5) | 16 December 1948 (1948-12-16) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Merged with the Polish Socialist Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party |
| Poland (1944–1989) | Polish United Workers' Party Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza | PZPR | Bolesław Bierut (first) Mieczysław Rakowski (last) | 16 December 1948 (1948-12-16) | 30 January 1990 (1990-1-30) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Stalinism (until 1956) | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and later known as the Democratic Left Alliance |
| Romania (1945–1989) | Romanian Communist Party Partidul Comunist Român | PCR | Gheorghe Cristescu (first) Nicolae Ceaușescu (last) | 8 May 1921 (1921-5-8) | 22 December 1989 (1989-12-22) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Left-wing nationalism Socialist patriotism Neo-Stalinism (post-1971) National Communism (post-1971) | Dissolved after the Romanian Revolution |
| Somalia (1976–1991) | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed | XHKS | Siad Barre | 26 June 1976 (1976-6-26) | 26 January 1992 (1992-1-26) | Marxism–Leninism Islamic socialism Pan-Somalism Scientific socialism Somali nationalism Militarism | Deposed in 1991 |
| Soviet Union (1922–1991) | Communist Party of the Soviet Union Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза | CPSU КПСС | Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) | May 1917 (1917-5) | 6 November 1991 (1991-11-6) | Leninism (1922–1927) Stalinism (1927–1953) Marxism–Leninism (1953–1991) Soviet patriotism | Banned in 1991, de facto succeeded by UCP-CPSU and CPRF |
| South Yemen (1967–1990) | National Liberation Front الجبهة القومية للتحرير | NLF | Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi | 1963 (1963) | 13 October 1978 (1978-10-13) | Marxism–Leninism Arab nationalism | Reorganized itself into the Yemeni Socialist Party |
| South Yemen (1967–1990) | Yemeni Socialist Party الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني | YSP | Abdul Fattah Ismail (first) Abdulraham Al-Saqqaf (current) | 13 October 1978 (1978-10-13) | | Marxism–Leninism Arab nationalism Anti-imperialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy |
| Tannu Tuva (1921–1944) | Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party Тьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam Тувинская народно-революционная партия | TPRP ТAХN ТНРП | Namachyn (first) Salchak Toka (last) | 21 October 1921 (1921-10-21) | 11 October 1944 (1944-10-11) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Became the Tuvan Regional Committee of the VKP(b), later CPSU |
| Yugoslavia (1945–1990) | League of Communists of Yugoslavia Савез комуниста Југославије Savez komunista Jugoslavije | SKJ СКJ | Josip Broz Tito (1939–1980) Milan Pančevski (last) | 20 April 1919 (1919-4-20) | 22 January 1990 (1990-1-22) | Marxism–Leninism Titoism | Splintered into its many constituent parties in 1990 |

### Parliamentary majority or minority government

| Country | Name | Abbr. | Leaders | Founded | Dissolved | Ideology | Notes |
| Austria (1945–1949) | Communist Party of Austria Kommunistische Partei Österreichs | KPÖ | Ruth Fischer & Franz Koritschoner & Lucien Laurat (first) Mirko Messner (current) | 3 November 1918 (1918-11-3) | | Marxism–Leninism Anti-fascism Socialism | Participated in the provisional coalition of the Government of Austria after World War II and for four years after the 1945 Austrian legislative election |
| Bangladesh (1975) | Bangladesh Worker's-Peasants' People's League বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ | BAKSAL বাংকশ্আল | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 24 February 1975 (1975-2-24) | 15 August 1975 (1975-8-15) | State socialism Bengali nationalism Mujibism | Dissolved after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| Chad (1993) | Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism Action Tchadienne pour l'unité et le socialisme | ACTUS | Fidèle Moungar | 1 May 1981 (1981-5-1) | | Marxism–Leninism Ecologism Stalinism | The party's leader was chosen as Prime Minister in April 1993 by the Sovereign National Conference, but subsequently lost an October 1993 vote of no-confidence and resigned. |
| Cyprus (2008–2013) | Progressive Party of Working People Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού | AKEL ΑΚΕΛ | Ploutis Servas (first) Stefanos Stefanou (current) | 15 August 1926 (1926-8-15) | | Marxism–Leninism Pacifism Cypriot nationalism Federalism Soft euroscepticism | Won the 2008 election and ruled until 2013 |
| Guyana (1992–2015, 2020–2024) | People's Progressive Party/Civic | PPP/С | Cheddi Jagan & Janet Jagan (first) Bharrat Jagdeo (current) | 1 January 1950 (1950-1-1) | | Social democracy Left-wing populism Left-wing nationalism Historically: Communism Marxism–Leninism | The party abandoned Marxism–Leninism officially in 2024. |
| India (1996–1998) | Communist Party of India | CPI | Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate (first) D. Raja (current) | 26 December 1925 (1925-12-26) | | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Member of the United Front and its coalition government |
| India (1996–1998) | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | Puchalapalli Sundarayya (first) Sitaram Yechury (current) | 7 November 1964 (1964-11-7) | | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Member of the United Front and its coalition government |
| Moldova (2001–2009) | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCRM | Vladimir Voronin | 22 October 1993 (1993-10-22) | | Marxism–Leninism Moldovenism Social conservatism Soviet patriotism Russophilia | Deposed after the 2009 protests |
| Nepal (1994–1995, 2008–2013, 2015–2017, 2018–2021) | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) | CPN (UML) नेकपा (एमाले) | Madan Bhandari (first) K. P. Sharma Oli (current) | 6 January 1991 (1991-1-6) 8 March 2021 (2021-3-8) | 17 May 2018 (2018-5-17) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | Merged with the CPN (MC) to form the Nepal Communist Party in 2018, refounded in 2021 |
| Nepal (1994–1995, 2008–2013, 2015–2017, 2018–2021) | Nepal Communist Party नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी | NCP नेकपा | K. P. Sharma Oli Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 17 May 2018 (2018-5-17) | 8 March 2021 (2021-3-8) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy Prachanda Path Democratic centralism Secularism Federalism | Dissolved as a result of internal conflicts in 2021 |
| San Marino (1945-1957, 1978-1990) | Sammarinese Communist Party Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCS | Ermenegildo Gasperoni | 21 January 1921 (1921-01-21) | | Communism | Deposed by coup d'etat orchestrated by Italy and America in Fatti di Rovereta |

### Coalition partner or supporter

* Bulgaria (2005–2009, 2013–2014, 2021–2022) – Communist Party of Bulgaria, in coalition government as member of the Coalition for Bulgaria
* Belgium (1946-1947) - Communist Party of Belgium, in the Van Acker I Government
* Finland (1944–1948, 1966–1970, 1970–1971, 1975–1976 and 1977–1982) – Finnish People's Democratic League, in coalition governments with numerous other parties
* France (1981–1989; 1997–2002) – French Communist Party as a part of the Union de la gauche and of the Gauche plurielle
* India (2004–2008) – Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India, in the coalition government of the United Progressive Alliance
* Iran (1946) – Tudeh Party of Iran, in the coalition government of Ahmad Qavam
* Italy (1998–2001, 2006–2008) – Party of Italian Communists in the D'Alema I Cabinet, D'Alema II Cabinet, Amato II Cabinet with The Olive Tree; Communist Refoundation Party and Party of Italian Communists in the coalition government of The Union
* Mali (2005–2014) – Malian Party of Labour, participated in the Alliance for Democracy in Mali
* Norway (1945) – Communist Party of Norway in coalition government as member of Gerhardsen's First Cabinet led by the Labour Party
* Peru (2011–2016) – Peruvian Communist Party, in coalition governments as member of Peru Wins
* Portugal (2015–2019) – Portuguese Communist Party in support of the XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal led by the Socialist Party
* San Marino (1945–1957, 1978–1992) – Sammarinese Communist Party, in coalition government with Sammarinese Socialist Party
* Sri Lanka (1970–1975, 1994–2000, 2004–2015 and 2020–2022) – Communist Party of Sri Lanka and Lanka Sama Samaja Party, in coalition governments with numerous other parties
* Uruguay (2005–2020) – Communist Party of Uruguay and People's Victory Party, in coalition governments as members of the Broad Front

## Modern non-ruling

| Country/Territory | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes |
| Abkhazia | Communist Party of Abkhazia Аԥсны Акомунисттә Апартиа | CPA ААА | Lev Shamba | March 1921 | Marxism–Leninism | People's Assembly: 0 / 35 | |
| Afghanistan | Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan حزب كمونيست (مائوئيست) افغانستان | CMPM | | 2004 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | Participant in the ongoing anti-Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan |
| Afghanistan | Afghanistan Liberation Organization سازمان رهایی افغانستان | ALO | | 1973 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism | Banned | Participant in the ongoing anti-Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan |
| Afghanistan | Marxist–Leninist Organization of Afghanistan | MLOA | | 1973 | Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Anti-revisionism | Banned | |
| Albania | Communist Party of Albania Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë | PKSh | Qemal Cicollari | 1991 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | Kuvendi: 0 / 140 | |
| Albania | Communist Party of Albania 8 November Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë 8 Nëntori | PKSh 8 Nëntori | Preng Çuni | 2003 | Marxism-Leninism | Kuvendi: 0 / 140 | |
| Algeria | Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism الحزب الجزائري للديمقراطية والاشتراكية | PADS | Abdelhamid Benzine | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism | People's National Assembly: 0 / 407 Council: 0 / 174 | |
| Algeria | Socialist Workers Party حزب العمال الاشتراكي Parti socialiste des travailleurs | SWP | | 1989 | Marxism Trotskyism Socialism Communism | People's National Assembly: 0 / 407 Council: 0 / 174 | |
| Angola | Party of the Angolan Communist Community Partido da Comunidade Comunista Angolana | PCCA | Baptista André José Simão | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 200 | |
| Angola | People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola | MPLA | Agostinho Neto Viriato da Cruz | 10 December 1956 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly:124 / 200 | |
| Argentina | Liberation Party Partido de la Liberación | PL | Sergio Ortiz | 5 April 1965 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Communist Party of Argentina (Extraordinary Congress) Partido Comunista (Congreso Extraordinario) | CPA (EC) | | 2 December 1996 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Revolutionary Communist Party Partido Comunista Revolucionario | RCP | | 6 January 1968 | Maoism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Socialist Left Izquierda Socialista | SL | | 21 September 2006 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | United Socialist Workers' Party | USWP PSTU | | 2011 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Workers' Socialist Movement Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores | WSM | | 1992 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Workers' Party Partido Obrero | WP | | 1964 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies:1 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Socialist Workers' Party Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas | SWP | | 1988 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies:4 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Argentina | Workers' Left Front Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores | WLF | | 14 April 2011 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies:5 / 257 Senate: 0 / 72 | |
| Armenia | Armenian Communist Party Հայաստանի կոմունիստական կուսակցություն | HKK ՀԿԿ | Tachat Sargsyan | 29 July 1991 | Marxism–Leninism Pro-Russia Euroscepticism Soviet patriotism | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | |
| Armenia | United Communist Party of Armenia Հայաստանի Միավորված Կոմունիստական Կուսակցության | HMKK ՀՄԿԿ | | 7 July 2003 | Marxism–Leninism Euroscepticism | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | |
| Armenia | Progressive United Communist Party of Armenia Հայաստանի Առաջադիմական Միացյալ Կոմունիստական Կուսակցություն | HAMK ՀԱՄԿ | Vazgen Safaryan | 28 January 1998 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | |
| Australia | Communist Party of Australia (1971) | CPA | Vinicio Molina | 1971 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 151 Senate: 0 / 76 | |
| Australia | Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) | CPA (ML) | | 15 March 1964 | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | House of Representatives: 0 / 151 Senate: 0 / 76 | |
| Australia | Socialist Equality Party | SEP | | 2010 | Marxism | House of Representatives: 0 / 151 Senate: 0 / 76 | |
| Austria | Communist Party of Austria Kommunistische Partei Österreichs | KPO | Florian Birngruber | 3 November 1918 | Marxism–Leninism Socialism | National Council: 0 / 183 Federal Council: 0 / 62 | The mayor of Graz, Austria's second largest city, is a member of the KPÖ |
| Austria | KPÖ Plus | KPOP | Günther Hopfgartner | 2017 | Communism Environmentalism | National Council: 0 / 183 Federal Council: 0 / 62 | |
| Austria | Party of Labour of Austria Partei der Arbeit Österreichs | PdA | Tibor Zenker | 12 October 2013 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | National Council: 0 / 183 Federal Council: 0 / 62 | |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Communist Party (1993) Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası | AzKP | Haji Hajiyev | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly:0 / 125 | |
| Azerbaijan | New Generation Communist Party of Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Yeni Nəsil Kommunist Partiyası | AYNKP | Niyazi Rajabov | 2008 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly:0 / 125 | |
| Azerbaijan | United Communist Party of Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Birləşmiş Kommunist Partiyası | AVKP | Sayad Sayadov | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly:0 / 125 | |
| Bahrain | National Liberation Front جبهة التحرير الوطني | NLF | | 15 February 1955 | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism | Council of Representatives: 0 / 40 Shura Council: 0 / 40 | Led the 1965 March Intifada |
| Bahrain | Progressive Democratic Tribune جمعية المنبر الديمقراطي التقدمي | PDT | Hassan Madan | 14 September 2001 | Market socialism Arab nationalism Anti-globalization Anti-imperialism | Council of Representatives: 1 / 40 Shura Council: 0 / 40 | |
| Bangladesh | Communist Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের কমিউনিস্ট পার্টি | CPB | Ruhin Hossain Prince | 1971 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | Former member of the Bangladesh Worker's-Peasants' People's League and its coalition government |
| Bangladesh | Biplobi Communist Party বিপ্লবী কমিউনিস্ট পার্টি | BCP | Gazi Kamrul | 1998 | Maoism | Banned | |
| Bangladesh | Workers Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি | WPB | Fazle Hossain Badsha | 1980 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | Jatiya Sangsad: 4 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Socialist Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের সমাজতান্ত্রিক দল | BASAD | Khalequzzaman | 7 November 1980 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের বিপ্লবী ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি | RWPB | Saiful Haque | 14 June 2004 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Dutta) বাংলাদেশের সাম্যবাদী দল (মার্কসবাদী-লেনিনবাদী) | BSD-ML | Ajoy Dutta | | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Umar) বাংলাদেশের সাম্যবাদী দল (মার্কসবাদী-লেনিনবাদী) | BSD-ML | Badruddin Umar | | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party পূর্ব বাংলার সর্বহারা পার্টি | PBSP | Siraj Sikder | 3 June 1971 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Maoist Bolshevik Reorganisation Movement of the Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party পূর্ববাংলার সর্বহারা পার্টি – মাওবাদী বলশেভিক পুনর্গঠন আন্দোলন | PBSP (MBRM) | | 2001 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism Anti-revisionism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | Workers Peasants Socialist Party শ্রমিক কৃষক সমাজবাদী দল | SKSD | | 1969 | Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Bangladesh | United Communist League of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের ইউনাইটেড কমিউনিস্ট লীগ | UCLB | Mosharraf Hossain Nannu | April 2013 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |
| Belarus | Belarusian Left Party "A Just World" Беларуская партыя левых «Справядлівы свет» | | Sergey Kalyakin | 25 October 2009 | Democratic socialism Revolutionary nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism Anti-Lukashenko | House of Representatives: 0 / 110 Council of the Republic: 0 / 64 | |
| Belgium | Workers' Party of Belgium Partij van de Arbeid van België Parti du Travail de Belgique | PTB PVDA | Raoul Hedebouw | 1979 | Marxism Feminism Socialism | Chamber of Representatives: 12 / 150 Senate: 5 / 60 | |
| Belgium | Communist Party of Belgium Communistische Partij van België Parti Communiste de Belgique | PCB | Arne Baillière | 1989 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Chamber of Representatives: 0 / 150 Senate: 0 / 60 | |
| Benin | Communist Party of Benin Parti Communiste du Bénin | PCB | Philippe Noudjenoume | 1977 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 83 | |
| Benin | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Benin Parti communiste marxiste-léniniste du Bénin | PCMLB | Magloire Yansunnu | 1999 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 83 | |
| Bhutan | Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) | CPB (MLM) | Comrade Umesh (nom de guerre) | 22 April 2003 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism New Democratic Revolution Republicanism | Banned | Engaged in guerrilla warfare against the government of Bhutan, with the goal of starting a people's war |
| Bolivia | Communist Party of Bolivia Partido Comunista de Bolivia | PCB | Ignacio Mendoza | 1950 | Marxism–Leninism | Deputies:0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | |
| Bolivia | People's Revolutionary Front (Marxist−Leninist−Maoist) Frente Revolucionario del Pueblo (Marxista–Leninista–Maoísta) | FRP-MLM | | | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Deputies:0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | |
| Bolivia | Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) Partido Comunista de Bolivia (Marxista-Leninista-Maoísta) | PCB-MLM | Luis Alberto Echazú | 1983 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Deputies:0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina Radničko-komunistička partija Bosne i Hercegovine / Радничко-комунистичка партија Босне и Херцеговине | RKP-Bih / РКП-БиХ | Goran Marković | 2000 | Luxemburgism Workers' self-management Anti-nationalism Yugoslavism | House of Representatives: 0 / 42 House of Peoples: 0 / 15 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Communist Party Komunistička partija / Комунистичка партија | KP / КП | Muhamed Imamović | 21 February 2012 | Democratic socialism Yugo-nostalgia | House of Representatives: 0 / 42 House of Peoples: 0 / 15 | |
| Botswana | Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin Movement | MELS | Mosalage Ditshoto | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Maoism Anti-revisionism Pan-Africanism | Parliament: 0 / 63 | |
| Brazil | Communist Party of Brazil Partido Comunista do Brasil | PCdoB | Luciana Santos | 23 June 1988 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 8 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | |
| Brazil | Brazilian Communist Party Partido Comunista Brasileiro | PCB | Edmilson Costa | 25 March 1922 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | |
| Brazil | United Socialist Workers' Party Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado | PSTU | Zé Maria | 5 June 1994 | Trotskyism Morenism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | |
| Brazil | Workers' Cause Party Partido da Causa Operária | PCO | Rui Costa Pimenta | 7 December 1995 | Marxism Trotskyism Social libertarianism Anti-imperialism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | |
| Brazil | Revolutionary Communist Party Partido Comunista Revolucionário | PCR | | May 1966 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Guevarism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Foco theory | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | Not registered in Brazil's Superior Electoral Court |
| Brazil | Popular Unity Unidade Popular | UP | Leonardo Péricles | 16 June 2016 | Revolutionary socialism Anti-capitalism Anti-imperialism Anti-racism Factions: Marxism-Leninism Syndicalism Marxist feminism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 Federal Senate0 / 81 | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party Българска комунистическа партия | BKP | Zonka Zlatkova Spasov | 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | |
| Bulgaria | Communist Party of Bulgaria Комунистическа Партия на България | CPB | Aleksandar Paunov | 1996 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | |
| Bulgaria | Party of the Bulgarian Communists Партия на Българските комунисти | PBK | Collective leadership | 15 July 2006 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | |
| Bulgaria | Union of Communists in Bulgaria Съюз на Комунистите в България | SKB | Pavel Ivanov | 1995 | Marxism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | |
| Burkina Faso | Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba Parti pour la démocratie et le socialisme/Metba | PDS/ Metba | Hama Arba Diallo | 31 March 2012 | Socialism | National Assembly: 1 / 127 | |
| Burkina Faso | Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party Parti communiste révolutionnaire voltaïque | PCRV | | 1 October 1978 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism | National Assembly: 0 / 127 | |
| Canada | Communist Party of Canada Parti communiste du Canada | CPC PCC | Elizabeth Rowley | 28 May 1921 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Commons: 0 / 338 Senate: 0 / 105 | |
| Canada | Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) Parti communiste du Canada (marxiste–léniniste) | CPC (ML) PCC (ML) | Anna Di Carlo | 31 March 1970 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Maoism (1970-1977) Hoxhaism (1977-1990) | House of Commons: 0 / 338 Senate: 0 / 105 | |
| China | Maoist Communist Party of China 中国毛泽东主义共产党 | MCPC | Ma Houzhi | 28 November 2008 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism | Banned | De facto banned in China due to not being a member of the United Front. |
| China | Revolutionary Communist Party of China 中国革命共产党 | RCPC | | September 1948 | Marxism Trotskyism | Legislative Council: 0 / 183 | Active in Hong Kong. Participant in the 1970s Hong Kong student protests. |
| Colombia | Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist) Partido Comunista de Colombia (Marxista-Leninista) | PCdeC (M-L) | | 1965 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | Legislative Council: 0 / 183 | |
| Colombia | Colombian Communist Party – Maoist Partido Comunista de Colombia - Maoista | PCC-M | | 7 August 2001 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Legislative Council: 0 / 183 | |
| Colombia | Revolutionary Communist Group Grupo Comunista Revolucionario | GCR | | 1982 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Legislative Council: 0 / 183 | |
| Colombia | Revolutionary Independent Labour Movement Movimiento Obrero Independiente y Revolucionario | MOIR | Gustavo Triana | 1970 | Maoism Marxism-Leninism New Democracy Francisco Mosquera Thought | Legislative Council: 0 / 183 | |
| Costa Rica | People's Vanguard Party Partido Vanguardia Popular | PVP | Humberto Vargas Carbonell | 16 June 1931 | Marxism–Leninism | Legislative Assembly: 0 / 57 | Banned from 1949 to 1975 |
| Ivory Coast | Revolutionary Communist Party of Ivory Coast Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire de Côte d'Ivoire | PCRCI | Achy Ekissi | 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | | |
| Croatia | Socialist Labour Party of Croatia Socijalistička radnička partija Hrvatske | SRP | Kristofor Stokić | 25 October 1997 | ¸Titoism Democratic socialism | Sabor: 0 / 151 | |
| Croatia | Workers Front Radnička fronta | RF | Collective leadership | 9 May 2014 | Democratic socialism Social progressivism Labour rights Socialist feminism Anti-fascism Anti-clericalism Eco-socialism Left-wing populism Anti-militarism | Sabor: 1 / 151 | |
| Cyprus | Progressive Party of Working People Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού Emekçi Halkın İlerici Partisi | AKEL | Stefanos Stefanou | 15 August 1926 | Marxism–Leninism Pacifism Cypriot nationalism Federalism Soft euroscepticism | House of Representatives15 / 56 | Won the 2008 election and ruled until 2013 |
| Czech Republic | Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy | KSČM | Kateřina Konečná | 31 March 1990 | Marxism Euroscepticism Socialism Anti-capitalism Anti-fascism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 200 Senate: 0 / 81 | Czech successor to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Served as confidence and supply to the second government of Andrej Babiš in 2018. |
| Denmark | Communist Party of Denmark Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti | DKP | Henrik Stamer Hedin | 9 November 1919 | Marxism–Leninism | Folketing: 0 / 179 | |
| Denmark | Communist Party Kommunistisk Parti | KP | Lotte Rørtoft-Madsen | 2006 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Factions: Hoxhaism | Folketing: 0 / 179 | |
| Denmark | Workers' Communist Party Arbejderpartiet Kommunisterne | APK | Dorte Grenaa | April 2000 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Folketing: 0 / 179 | |
| Denmark | Communist Party in Denmark Kommunistisk Parti i Danmark | KPiD | Rikke G.F. Carlsson | 1990 | Marxism–Leninism | Folketing: 0 / 179 | |
| Dominican Republic | Communist Party of Labour Partido Comunista del Trabajo | PCT | Manuel Salazar | 1980 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 190 Senate: 0 / 32 | |
| Donetsk People's Republic | Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic Коммунистическая партия Донецкой Народной Республики | CPDPR КПДНР | Boris Litvinov | 8 October 2014 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism Left-wing nationalism | People's Council: 0 / 100 | |
| Timor-Leste | Socialist Party of Timor Partido Socialista de Timor | PST | Avelino Coelho da Silva | 11 February 1997 | Marxism–Leninism | National Parliament: 0 / 65 | |
| Ecuador | Communist Party of Ecuador Partido Comunista del Ecuador | PCE | Winston Alarcón Elizalde | 23 May 1926 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 137 | |
| Ecuador | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista del Ecuador | PCMLE | Oswaldo Palacios | 1 August 1964 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 137 | |
| Ecuador | Workers' Party of Ecuador Partido de los Trabajadores del Ecuador | PTE | | 1996 | Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 137 | Not registered with Ecuador's National Electoral Council |
| Ecuador | Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun Partido Comunista de Ecuador - Sol Rojo | PCE-SR | | 1 June 1987 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism Gonzalo Thought Anti-revisionism Revolutionary socialism | Banned | Engaged in minor guerrilla warfare against the government of Ecuador, with the goal of starting a people's war |
| Egypt | Egyptian Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي المصري | ECP | Salah Adli | 1975 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 596 Senate: 0 / 300 | |
| Egypt | Revolutionary Socialists الاشتراكيون الثوريون | RS | Collective leadership | 1995 | Trotskyism | House of Representatives: 0 / 596 Senate: 0 / 300 | |
| Egypt | Workers Democratic Party حزب العمال الديمقراطي | WDR | | 2011 | Labourism Socialism Anti-Zionism | House of Representatives: 0 / 596 Senate: 0 / 300 | |
| El Salvador | Communist Party of El Salvador Partido Comunista de El Salvador | PCS | | 27 March 2005 | Marxism–Leninism | Legislative Assembly: 0 / 84 | |
| Estonia | Communist Party of Estonia Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei | EKP | vacant | 26 March 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Banned | Banned in Estonia following the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, continues to operate underground |
| Eswatini | Communist Party of Swaziland | CPS | Thokozane Kenneth | 9 April 2011 | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism | Banned | Participant in the 2021–2023 Eswatini protests |
| Ethiopia | All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement መላ ኢትዮጵያ ሶሻሊስት ንቅናቄ | MEISON | | 1968 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Peoples' Representatives: 0 / 547 House of Federation: 0 / 112 | Supported and participated in the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution. Initially supported the Derg government, though later broke with Mengistu Haile Mariam's leadership during the Red Terror and was forced underground. Resumed legal activity following the end of the Ethiopian Civil War. |
| Finland | Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue | SKP | Juha-Pekka Väisänen | 1984 | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament : 0 / 200 | |
| Finland | Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue – Rauhan ja Sosialismin puolesta | KTP | Mikko Vartiainen | 1988 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Parliament : 0 / 200 | |
| Finland | League of Communists Kommunistien Liitto | KL | Kalevi Wahrman | 14 September 2002 | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament : 0 / 200 | |
| France | French Communist Party Parti communiste français | PCF | Fabien Roussel | 30 December 1920 | Eurocommunism Soft Euroscepticism | National Assembly: 12 / 577 Senate: 14 / 348 | |
| France | Lutte Ouvrière | LO | Nathalie Arthaud | 1956 | Trotskyism Anti-capitalism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| France | New Anticapitalist Party Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste | NPA | Collective leadership | 8 February 2009 | Trotskyism Alter-globalisation | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| France | Pole of Communist Revival in France Pôle de renaissance communiste en France | PRCF | Léon Landini | January 2004 | Marxism-Leninism Left-wing nationalism Hard Euroscepticism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| France | Workers' Communist Party of France Parti communiste des ouvriers de France | PCOF | Collective leadership | 1979 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| France | Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization – Proletarian Way Organisation communiste marxiste-léniniste – Voie prolétarienne | OCML-VP | | September 1976 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| France | Revolutionary Left Gauche révolutionnaire | GR | | 1992 | Marxism Trotskyism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| Georgia | Communist Party of Georgia საქართველოს კომუნისტური პარტია | SKP სკპ | | 1992 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | Parliament: 0 / 150 | |
| Georgia | Unified Communist Party of Georgia საქართველოს ერთიანი კომუნისტური პარტია | SEKP სეკპ | Nugzar Shalvovich Avaliani | June 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Parliament: 0 / 150 | |
| Georgia | New Communist Party of Georgia საქართველოს ახალი კომუნისტური პარტია | SAKP საკპ | | 2001 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | Parliament: 0 / 150 | |
| Germany | German Communist Party Deutsche Kommunistische Partei | DKP | Patrik Köbele | 1968 | Marxism-Leninism | Bundestag: 0 / 709 | |
| Germany | Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands | MLPD | Gabi Fechtner | 1982 | Marxism-Leninism | Bundestag: 0 / 709 | |
| Greece | Communist Party of Greece Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας | KKE KKE | Dimitris Koutsoumpas | 17 November 1918 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Hard Euroscepticism | Hellenic Parliament: 26 / 300 | Banned by the government of Greece from 1936 to 1974. Led the Political Committee of National Liberation during World War II and the Provisional Democratic Government and Democratic Army of Greece during the 1946–1949 Greek Civil War. |
| Greece | Marxist Leninist Communist Party of Greece Μαρξιστικό-Λενινιστικό Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας | M-L KKE Μ-Λ ΚΚΕ | Collective leadership | November 1976 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism Euroscepticism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist) Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας (μαρξιστικο-λενινιστικό) | KKE (m-l) ΚΚΕ (μ-λ) | Grigoris Konstantopoulos | November 1976 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism Euroscepticism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece Οργάνωση για την Ανασυγκρότηση του Κομουνιστικού Κόμματος Ελλάδας | OAKKE OAKKE | Elias Zafiropoulos. | 20 July 1985 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918–1955 Κίνηση για την Ανασύνταξη του Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας 1918–1955) | Anasintaxi Ανασύνταξη | Tasos Mpallos | 1996 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Zachariadism Anti-revisionism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Communist Renewal Κομμουνιστική Ανανέωση | KA KA | Collective leadership | 2000 | Marxism Euroscepticism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Left Anti-capitalist Group Αριστερή Αντικαπιταλιστική Συσπείρωση | AR.A.S ΑΡ.Α.Σ | Collective leadership | 1998 | Maoism Anti-capitalism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Left Group Αριστερή Συσπείρωση | ARI.S ΑΡΙ.Σ | Collective leadership | 25 October 2012 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-capitalism Anti-revisionism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Left Recomposition Αριστερή Ανασύνθεση | AR.ΑΝ ΑΡ.ΑΝ | | 2003 | Maoism Anti-capitalism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | New Left Current Νέο Αριστερό Ρεύμα | NAR ΝΑΡ | Collective leadership | 1989 | New Left Eco-socialism Anti-capitalism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Greece | Revolutionary Communist Movement of Greece Επαναστατικό Κομμουνιστικό Κίνημα Ελλάδας | EKKE EKKE | Collective leadership | 1970 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Hellenic Parliament: 0 / 300 | |
| Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe Communist Party Parti communiste guadeloupéen | PCG | Alain-Félix Flémin | 30 March 1958 | Marxism Guadeloupean autonomy | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 0 / 348 | |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca | URNG-MAIZ | Gregorio Chay | 7 February 1982 | Left-wing nationalism Socialism Indigenismo Christian socialism Socialism of the 21st century Anti-capitalism | Congress: 3 / 160 | Founded as an umbrella organization uniting various leftist militant groups active in the Guatemalan Civil War. Laid down arms in 1996 and became a legally registered opposition party in 1998. |
| Haiti | New Haitian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) Nouveau Parti Communiste Haïtien (Marxiste–Léniniste) | NPCH(ML) | Vania Lubin | 2000 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 119 Senate: 0 / 30 | |
| Hungary | Hungarian Workers' Party Magyar Munkáspárt | MMP | Gyula Thürmer | 17 December 1989 | Marxism-Leninism Euroscepticism | National Assembly: 0 / 199 | |
| Hungary | Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left Magyarországi Munkáspárt 2006 - Európai Baloldal | EB | Attila Vajnai | November 2005 | Marxism Eurocommunism | National Assembly: 0 / 199 | |
| India | Communist Party of India | CPI | D. Raja | 26 December 1925 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha:2 / 543 Rajya Sabha:2 / 245 | |
| India | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | Sitaram Yechury | 7 November 1964 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha:4 / 543 Rajya Sabha:5 / 245 | |
| India | Revolutionary Socialist Party | RSP | Manoj Bhattacharya | 19 March 1940 | Marxism–Leninism Trotskyism | Lok Sabha: 1 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Revolutionary Communist Party of India | RCPI | Biren Deka | 1 August 1934 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-Stalinism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | All India Forward Bloc | AIFB | Debabrata Biswas | 22 June 1939 | Marxism Left-wing nationalism Socialism Anti-imperialism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Marxist Forward Bloc | MFB | Jaihind Singh | 12 November 1953 | Marxism Left-wing populism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Bolshevik Party of India | BPI | | 1939 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation | CPI(ML)L | Dipankar Bhattacharya | 1974 | Marxism–Leninism Mao-Zedong-Thought Naxalism | Lok Sabha: 2 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) | RSPI(ML) | | 1969 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) | SUCI(C) | Provash Ghosh | 24 April 1948 | Shibdas Ghosh Thought Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Revolutionary Marxist Party of India | RMPI | Mangat Ram Pasla | 2016 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Communist Marxist Party | CMP | C. P. John | 1986 | Marxism–Leninism Marxism Luxemburgism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy | CPIML ND | Yatendra Kumar | 1988 | Naxalism New Democracy Mao Zedong Thought | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 Rajya Sabha: 0 / 245 | |
| India | Communist Party of India (Maoist) | CPI (Maoist) | Nambala Keshava Rao | 21 September 2004 | Naxalism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | Leading the ongoing Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, designated a terrorist organization by the government of India |
| Iran | Tudeh Party of Iran حزب تودۀ ایران | | Collective leadership | 2 October 1941 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Left-wing nationalism Anti-revisionism | Banned | |
| Iran | Komalah کۆمەڵە ڕێکخراوی کوردستانی حیزبی کۆمۆنیستی ئێران کومله سازمان کردستان حزب کمونیست ایران | | Ibrahim Alizade | 1984 | Marxism-Leninism Internationalism Kurdish minority interests | Banned | Kurdish branch of Communist Party of Iran, designated a terrorist organization by the government of Iran |
| Iran | Communist Party of Iran حزب کمونیست ایران | CPI | Collective leadership | 2 September 1983 | Marxism-Leninism Revolutionary socialism | Banned | |
| Iran | Komala of the Toilers of Kurdistan کومله زحمتکشان کردستان کۆمه‌ڵه‌ی زه‌حمه‌تکیشانی کوردستان | KTK | Omar Ilkhanizade | 2007 | Marxism-Leninism Communism | Banned | |
| Iran | Worker's Way راه کارگر | WW | | 1978 | Marxism-Leninism Communism | Banned | |
| Iran | Workers Left Unity – Iran | WLU-I | | 1978 | Marxism-Leninism Communism | Banned | |
| Iran | Laborers' Party of Iran حزب رنجبران ایران | LPI | | 1979 | Maoism | Banned | |
| Iran | Labour Party of Iran حزب کار ایران | LPI | | 1965 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Banned | |
| Iran | Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) حزب کمونیست ایران (مارکسیست-لنینیست-مائوئیست) | CPI (MLM) | | 2001 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism New Synthesis Secularism | Banned | |
| Iran | Worker-communist Party of Iran حزب کمونیست کارگری ایران | WPI | Hamid Taqvaee | 1991 | Workerism Marxism Third camp | Banned | |
| Iran | Worker-communist Party of Iran – Hekmatist حزب کمونیست کارگری ایران-حکمتیست | WPI-Hekmatist | Jamal Kamangar | 2004 | Workerism | Banned | |
| Iran | Fedaian Organisation (Minority) سازمان فدائیان (اقليت) | FO | Akbar Kāmyābi | March 1987 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | Split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) |
| Iran | Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1985) سازمان چریک‌های فدایی خلق ایران | OIPFG | Ḥosayn Zohari | 1985 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | Split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) |
| Iran | Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas – Followers of the Identity Platform سازمان چریک‌های فدایی خلق ایران – پیرو برنامه هویت | OIPFG - FIP | Mehdi Sāmeʿ | 1983 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | Split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) |
| Iran | Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas چریک‌های فدایی خلق ایران | IFPG | Ashraf Dehghani | 1979 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | Participant in the 1979 Kurdish rebellion |
| Iran | Socialist Workers' Party of Iran حزب کارگران سوسیالیست ایران | SWPI | Babak Zahraei | 1979 | Trotskyism | Banned | |
| Iraq | Iraqi Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي العراقي | ICP | Raid Jahid Fahmi | 31 March 1934 | Classical Marxism Reformism Secularism Nonsectarianism | Council of Representatives: 0 / 329 | Operated mostly underground in the Kingdom of Iraq (from 1934 to 1958) and Ba'athist Iraq (from 1963 to 2003). Supported the 14 July Revolution and the government of Abd al-Karim Qasim. |
| Iraq | Movement of the Democratic People of Kurdistan بزووتنەوەی دیموکراتی گەلی کوردستان | MDPK | Mam Xidir | 1994 | Marxism | Council of Representatives:0 / 329Kurdistan Region Parliament: 0 / 111 | |
| Iraq | Worker-communist Party of Iraq الحزب الشيوعي العمالي العراقي | | Amir Adil | July 1993 | Marxism Workerism Third camp | Council of Representatives: 0 / 329 | |
| Iraq | Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq الحزب الشيوعي العمالي اليساري العراقي | | Issam Shukri | 2004 | Trotskyism Workerism Third camp | Council of Representatives: 0 / 329 | |
| Iraq | Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq حزبي شيوعى كوردستان – عيراق الحزب الشيوعي الكوردستاني – العراق | | Kawa Mahmud | 1993 | Marxism-Leninism Kurdish nationalism Nonsectarianism | Council of Representatives (Iraq): 0 / 329 Kurdistan Parliament: 1 / 111 | Regional party active in Kurdistan |
| Iraq | Worker-communist Party of Kurdistan حزبی کۆمۆنستی کرێکاریی کوردستان الحزب الشيوعي العمالي في كوردستان | | Osman Hajy Marouf | 2008 | Marxism Workerism Third camp | Council of Representatives (Iraq): 0 / 329 Kurdistan Parliament: 0 / 111 | Regional party active in Kurdistan |
| Ireland | Workers' Party Páirtí na nOibrithe | | Collective leadership | 28 November 1905 | Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism | Dáil Éireann: 0 / 160 Seanad Éireann: 0 / 60 | |
| Ireland | Communist Party of Ireland Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann | CPI | Janelle McAteer | 3–4 June 1933 | Marxism-Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Dáil Éireann: 0 / 160 Seanad Éireann: 0 / 60 | |
| Ireland | Irish Republican Socialist Party Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisalach na hÉireann | IRSP | Collective leadership (Ard Comhairle) | 8 December 1974 | Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism Anti-globalisation Hard Euroscepticism | Dáil Éireann: 0 / 160 Seanad Éireann: 0 / 60 | |
| Israel | Communist Party of Israel המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית‎ الحزب الشيوعي الاسرائيلي | Maki מק״י‎‎ | Collective leadership | 1 September 1965 | Marxism-Leninism Alter-globalization Anti-Zionism | Knesset: 0 / 120 | Merged into Hadash in 1977 and as of 2022 its largest faction |
| Israel | The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality החזית הדמוקרטית לשלום ולשוויון‎‎‎ الجبهة الديمقراطية للسلاموالمساواة | Hadash חד״ש‎‎ | Ayman Odeh | 15 March 1977 | Marxism Marxism-Leninism Communism Two-state Solution Non-Zionism Israeli Arab interests | Knesset: 4 / 120 | Formed from a merger of Rakah, the Black Panthers, and Moked. Formerly ran as a part of the Joint List. |
| Israel | Da'am Workers Party דעם מפלגת פועלים‎ حزب دعم العمالي | Da'am דע"ם‎ دعم | Collective leadership | 1995 | Secularism Marxism Eco-socialism Revolutionary socialism Postnationalism Non-Zionism One-state solution | Knesset: 0 / 120 | |
| Italy | Communist Refoundation Party Partito della Rifondazione Comunista | PRC | Maurizio Acerbo | 6 January 1991 | Eco-socialism Feminism Anti-capitalism Anti-fascism Anti-imperialism Soft Euroscepticism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 400 Senate: 0 / 206 | |
| Italy | Italian Communist Party Partito Comunista Italiano | PCI | Mauro Alboresi | 26 June 2016 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Euroscepticism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 400 Senate: 0 / 206 | |
| Italy | Italian Marxist–Leninist Party Partito Marxista-Leninista Italiano | PMLI | Giovanni Scuderi | April 1977 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Maoism Bolshevism Anti-revisionism Anti-fascism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 400 Senate: 0 / 206 | |
| Italy | Communist Party Partito Comunista | PC | Marco Rizzo | 3 July 2009 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Hard Euroscepticism Sovereigntism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 400 Senate: 0 / 206 | |
| Italy | Communist Alternative Party Partito di Alternativa Comunista | PdAC | Francesco Ricci | 7 January 2007 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 400 Senate: 0 / 206 | |
| Japan | Japanese Communist Party 日本共産党 | JCP | Tomoko Tamura | 15 July 1922 | Scientific socialism Progressivism Pacifism Democratic socialism | Representatives: 10 / 465 Councillors: 11 / 248 | Banned in 1925 under the Peace Preservation Law. Legalized by the Allied military occupation following Japan's military defeat in World War II. |
| Japan | Japanese Communist Party (Action Faction) 日本共産党 (行動派) | | | 1980 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Representatives: 0 / 465 Councillors: 0 / 248 | |
| Japan | Japanese Communist Party (Left Faction) 日本共産党 (左派) | | | 1969 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism Anti-revisionism | Representatives: 0 / 465 Councillors: 0 / 248 | |
| Jordan | Jordanian Communist Party الحزب الشیوعی الاردني | JCP | Faraj Al-Tameezi | 1948 | Marxism-Leninism Republicanism | House of Representatives: 0 / 130 Senate: 0 / 75 | |
| Jordan | Jordanian Democratic People's Party حزب الشعب الديمقراطي الأردني | HASHD | | 1989 | Marxism-Leninism Palestinian nationalism Anti-Zionism Left-wing nationalism Secularism | House of Representatives: 0 / 130 Senate: 0 / 75 | |
| Kazakhstan | Communist Party of Kazakhstan Қазақстан Коммунистік партиясы / Qazaqstan Kommunistık Partiasy Коммунистическая партия Казахстана | ҚКП / QKP КПК | Toleubek Makhzhanov | 16 October 1991 | Marxism-Leninism Soviet patriotism | Banned | |
| Kazakhstan | Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan Қазақстанның Социалистік Қозғалысы / Qazaqstannıñ Socïalïstik Qozğalısı Социалистическое Движение Казахстана | ҚСҚ / QSQ СДК | Ainur Kurmanov | 20–21 May 2006 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | |
| Kenya | Communist Party of Kenya | CPK | Mwandawiro Mgangah | 1992 | Marxism–Leninism Pan-Africanism Maoism Social democracy (until 2019) | National Assembly: 0 / 349 Senate: 0 / 67 | |
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti Progressive Movement الحركة التقدمية الكويتية | | | | Anti-capitalism Anti-imperialism Socialism Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 64 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan Кыргызстан Коммунисттеринин Партиясы Партия Коммунистов Киргизии | PKK ПКК | Iskhak Masaliyev | 22 June 1992 | Marxism-Leninism Soviet patriotism | Supreme Council: 0 / 90 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan Кыргызстан Коммунисттик партиясы Коммунистическая Партия Киргизстана | KPK КПК | Clara Azhibekovna | 29 August 1999 | Marxism-Leninism | Supreme Council: 0 / 90 | |
| Latvia | Socialist Party of Latvia Latvijas Sociālistiskā partija | LSP | Vladimirs Frolovs | 15 January 1994 | Marxism-Leninism | Saeima: 0 / 100 | |
| Lebanon | Lebanese Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي اللبناني Parti communiste libanais | LCP PCL | Hanna Gharib | 1924 | Marxism-Leninism Nonsectarianism Socialism Anti-Zionism | Parliament: 1 / 128 | |
| Lebanon | Toilers League رابطة الشغيلةLigue des Travailleurs | TL LDT | Zaher el-Khatib | 1960s | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament: 0 / 128 | |
| Lebanon | Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon حزب العمل الاشتراكي العربي - لبنانParti d’action socialiste arabe – Liban | ASAP-L PASA-L | George Habash | 1969 | Marxism | Parliament: 0 / 128 | |
| Lebanon | Revolutionary Communist Group المجموعة الشيوعية الثورية Groupe communiste révolutionnaire | RCG GCR | Collective leadership | 1970 | Trotskyism | Parliament: 0 / 128 | |
| Lebanon | Communist Action Organization in Lebanon منظمة العمل الشيوعي في لبنان‎ Organisation de l'Action Communiste du Liban | CAOL OACL | Zaki Taha | 1970 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism | Parliament: 0 / 128 | |
| Lesotho | Communist Party of Lesotho Mokhatlo oa Makomonisi a Lesotho | CPL | Manny Stevenson | 5 May 1962 | Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 120 Senate: 0 / 33 | |
| Lithuania | Socialist People's Front Socialistinis liaudies frontas | SLF | Giedrius Grabauskas | 2009 | Marxism-Leninism Democratic socialism Left-wing nationalism Socialism | Seimas: 0 / 141 | |
| Lithuania | Communist Party of Lithuania Lietuvos komunistų partija | LKP | vacant | 1 October 1918 | Marxism-Leninism Soviet patriotism | Banned | Banned in Lithuania following the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, continues to operate underground |
| Luxembourg | Communist Party of Luxembourg Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg Parti Communiste Luxembourgeois Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs | KPL PCL | Ali Ruckert | 2 January 1921 | Marxism-Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 60 | |
| Madagascar | Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar Antoko'ny Kongresi'ny Fahaleovantenan'i Madagasikara | AKFM | | 8 November 1958 | Marxism | National Assembly: 0 / 151 Senate: 0 / 18 | Member of the ruling National Front for the Defense of the Revolution from 1976 to 1989 |
| Mali | Malian Party of Labour Parti malien du travail | PMT | | 1965 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism | National Assembly: 0 / 147 | Member of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali since 1990 |
| Mali | African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence Solidarité Africaine pour la Démocratie et l'Indépendance | SADI | Oumar Mariko | 1996 | Marxism-Leninism Pan-Africanism | National Assembly: 3 / 147 | |
| Malta | Communist Party of Malta Partit Komunista Malti | PKM | Victor Degiovanni | 1969 | Marxism-Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 79 | |
| Martinique | Martinican Communist Party Parti communiste martiniquais | PCM | Georges Erichot | September 1957 | Autonomism | Assembly of Martinique: 0 / 51 | |
| Martinique | Communist Party for Independence and Socialism Parti Communiste pour l'Indépendance et le Socialisme Pati Kominis pou Lendépandans èk Sosyalism | PCLS PKLS | | 22 May 1984 | Marxism–Leninism Martinican independence | Assembly of Martinique: 0 / 51 | |
| Mexico | Popular Socialist Party | PSP | | 1948 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | |
| Mexico | Popular Socialist Party of Mexico Partido Popular Socialista de México | PPSM | Cuauhtémoc Amezcua Dromundo | 1997 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-imperialism Latin American integration | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | Not registered or recognized by the Instituto Nacional Electoral |
| Mexico | Workers' Revolutionary Party Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores | WRP | | 2009 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | Dissolved in 1996, revived in 2009 |
| Mexico | Communist Party of Mexico Partido Comunista de México | PCM | Pável Blanco Cabrera | 20 November 1994 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | |
| Mexico | Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist) Partido Comunista de México (Marxista-Leninista) | PCM (ML) | | 1978 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | |
| Mexico | Communists' Party Partido de los Comunistas | PdelosC | Luis Alfonso Vargas Silva | 2003 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 500 Senate of the Republic: 0 / 128 | |
| Moldova | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCRM | Vladimir Voronin | 22 October 1993 | Marxism–Leninism Social conservatism Soviet patriotism Moldovenism Pro-Russia | Parliament: 8 / 101 | Member of BECS |
| Montenegro | Yugoslav Communist Party of Montenegro Jugoslovenska komunistička partija Југословенска комунистичка партија | JKP CG / ЈКП-ЦГ | Radislav Stanišić | 25 September 2009 | Titoism Pensioners' rights Yugo-nostalgia | Parliament: 0 / 81 | |
| Morocco | Democratic Way النهج الديمقراطي | | Abdallah El Harif | 1995 | Marxism Anti-imperialism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism | House of Representatives: 0 / 395 House of Councillors: 0 / 120 | |
| Myanmar | Communist Party of Burma ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ | CPB | | 15 August 1939 | Marxism-Leninism Mao-Zedong-Thought Federalism | Banned | Led the Communist insurgency in Burma from 1948 to 1989. Rearmed itself in 2021 and is currently engaged in guerrilla warfare against the State Administration Council |
| Namibia | Workers Revolutionary Party | WRP | Collective leadership | May 1989 | Trotskyism | National Assembly: 0 / 104 National Council: 0 / 42 | |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) | CPN (UML) नेकपा (एमाले) | K. P. Sharma Oli | 6 January 1991 (1991-1-6) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | House of Representatives: 78 / 275 National Assembly: 17 / 59 | Merged with the CPN (MC) to form the Nepal Communist Party in 2018, refounded in 2021 |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) | CPN (ML) | C. P. Mainali | 17 February 2002 | Marxism-Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 275 National Assembly: 0 / 59 | |
| Nepal | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी | NWPP | Narayan Man Bijukchhe | 23 January 1975 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Juche | House of Representatives: 1 / 275 National Assembly: 0 / 59 | |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) | | Durga Prasad Gyawali | 2006 | Marxism-Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 275 National Assembly: 0 / 59 | |
| Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) नेपाल कम्यूनिष्ट पार्टी (क्रान्तिकारी माओवादी) | CPN (RM) | Mohan Baidya | 19 June 2012 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | House of Representatives: 0 / 275 National Assembly: 0 / 59 | Operates underground and participates in elections through a front organization; the Patriotic People's Republican Front |
| Netherlands | New Communist Party of the Netherlands Nieuwe Communistische Partij Nederlan | NCPN | Job Pruijser | 14 November 1992 | Marxism–Leninism Euroscepticism | House of Representatives: 0 / 150 Senate: 0 / 75 | |
| Netherlands | United Communist Party Verenigde Communistische Partij | VCP | Engel Modderman | 1999 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 150 Senate: 0 / 75 | |
| Netherlands | Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn Groep Marxisten-Lenisten/Rode Morgen | GML/Rode Morgen | Jeroen Toussaint | 1977 | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | House of Representatives: 0 / 150 Senate: 0 / 75 | |
| New Zealand | Communist League | The League | | 1969 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 120 | |
| Nicaragua | Communist Party of Nicaragua Partido Comunista de Nicaragua | PCdeN; PCN | | 12 October 1967 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 90 | |
| Nicaragua | Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement Movimiento de Acción Popular - Marxista–Leninista | MAP-ML | | 1972 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 90 | |
| North Macedonia | Communist Party of Macedonia — Tito's forces Комунистичка партија на Македонија — Титови сили | KPM-TS КПМ—ТС | Goran Arsovski | 26 October 2005 | Marxism-Leninism Titoism | Assembly: 0 / 120 | |
| Norway | Communist Party of Norway Norges Kommunistiske Parti | NKP | Runa Evensen | 4 November 1923 | Marxism-Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Storting: 0 / 169 | |
| Norway | Red Party Rødt | R | Bjørnar Moxnes | 11 March 2007 | Democratic socialism Revolutionary socialism Marxism | Storting: 8 / 169 | |
| Pakistan | Communist Party of Pakistan کمیونسٹ پارٹی آف پاکستان | CPP | Imdad Qazi | 6 March 1948 | Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 342 Senate: 0 / 100 | Not registered with the Election Commission of Pakistan |
| Pakistan | Mazdoor Kisan Party مزدور کسان پارٹی | MKP | Afzal Khamosh | 1 May 1968 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism | National Assembly: 0 / 342 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| Palestine | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | PFLP | Ahmad Sa'adat | 11 December 1967 (1967-12-11) | Palestinian nationalism Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism Secularism Anti-imperialism Pan-Arabism Arab nationalism One-state solution Anti-zionism | Legislative Council: 3 / 132 | Member of the PLO, opposed to the Hamas government of the Gaza Strip |
| Palestine | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | DFLP | Nayef Hawatmeh | 1969 (1969) | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Palestinian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Anti-Zionism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | Member of the PLO, opposed to the Hamas government of the Gaza Strip |
| Palestine | Palestinian People's Party حزب الشعب الفلسطيني | PPP | Bassam Al-Salhi | February 1982 (1982-2) | Marxism Palestinian nationalism Left-wing nationalism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | Member of the PLO, opposed to the Hamas government of the Gaza Strip |
| Palestine | Palestinian Communist Party الحزب الشیوعي الفلسطیني | PCP | Mahmoud Saadeh | December 1991 | Marxism-Leninism Palestinian nationalism | Legislative Council: 0 / 132 | |
| Palestine | Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي الفلسطيني-الثوري | RPCP | Arabi Awwad | October 1982 | Communism | Legislative Council: 0 / 132 | |
| Panama | Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Panama Partido Comunista (marxista-leninista) de Panamá | PC(ml)P | | January 9, 1980 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | National Assembly: 0 / 71 | |
| Panama | November 29 National Liberation Movement Movimiento de Liberación Nacional 29 de noviembre | MLN-29 | | July 29, 1970 | Marxism Anti-imperialism | National Assembly: 0 / 71 | |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan Communist Party Partido Comunista Paraguayo | PCP | Najeeb Amado | 19 February 1928 | Marxism-Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 80 Senate: 0 / 45 | |
| Paraguay | Partido Patria Libre | PPL | | 3 February 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Guevarism Foco theory Socialist patriotism Anti-imperialism Revolutionary socialism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 80 Senate: 0 / 45 | |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan Communist Party (independent) Partido Comunista Paraguayo (independiente) | PCP(i) | | 1967 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 80 Senate: 0 / 45 | |
| Peru | Peruvian Communist Party Partido Comunista Peruano | PCP | Luis Villanueva | 9 April 1928 (1928-4-9) | Marxism–Leninism Mariáteguism | Congress: 0 / 130 | Member of Together for Peru, which participated in the Free Peru-led government |
| Peru | Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland Partido Comunista del Perú – Patria Roja | PCP-PR | Alberto Moreno | 1970 (1970) | Marxism–LeninismMariáteguismSocialist patriotismAnti-revisionism | Congress: 0 / 130 | Member of Together for Peru, which participated in the Free Peru-led government |
| Peru | Free Peru Perú Libre | PL | Vladimir Cerron | 13 August 2008 (2008-8-13) | Socialism Marxism–Leninism Mariáteguism | Congress: 32 / 130 | |
| Peru | Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) Partido Comunista Peruano (Marxista–Leninista) | PCP (ML) | | January 1964 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Maoism (until 1970s) | Congress: 0 / 130 | |
| Peru | Shining Path Sendero Luminoso | PCP; PCP-SL | | 1969 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism Gonzalo Thought Anti-revisionism Revolutionary socialism | Banned | Designated a terrorist organization by the government of Peru |
| Philippines | Communist Party of the Philippines Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas | CPP | Benito Tiamzon (alleged) (deceased) | 26 December 1968 | National democracy Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | Banned | Participant in the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines, designated a terrorist organization by the government of the Philippines and the United States Department of State |
| Philippines | Philippine Communist Party-1930 Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 | PKP-1930 | Antonio E. Paris | 7 November 1930 | Marxism-Leninism Democratic socialism | House of Representatives: 0 / 316 Senate: 0 / 24 | |
| Philippines | Marxist–Leninist Party of the Philippines Partido Marxista–Leninista ng Pilipinas | MLPP | | 1998 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | Participant in the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines |
| Poland | Polish Communist Party Komunistyczna Partia Polski | KPP | Krzysztof Szwej | 9 October 2002 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism Hard Euroscepticism Anti-clericalism | Sejm: 0 / 460 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| Portugal | Portuguese Communist Party Partido Comunista Português | PCP | Collective leadership | 6 March 1921 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Hard Euroscepticism | Assembly of the Republic: 6 / 230 | |
| Portugal | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses | PCTP/MRPP | Maria Cidália Guerreiro | 1970 | Marxism-Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Assembly of the Republic: 0 / 230 | |
| Portugal | Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat – Bases for Revolution Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado - Bases pela Revolução | PRP-BR | Luis Cardoso | 17 July 2002 | Marxism Guevarism | Assembly of the Republic: 0 / 230 | Founded as a successor to the Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat - Revolutionary Brigades |
| Puerto Rico | Communist Party of Puerto Rico Partido Comunista de Puerto Rico | PCPR | | 2010 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Puerto Rican Independence | House: 0 / 51 Senate: 0 / 27 | |
| Réunion | Communist Party of Réunion Parti Communiste Réunionnais | PCR | Élie Hoarau | 1959 | Post-Marxism Regionalism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 Senate: 1 / 348 | |
| Romania | Communitarian Party of Romania Partidul Comunitar din România | PCDR | Petre Ignatencu | 19 March 2010 | Communitarianism Progressivism Anti-imperialism Anti-Americanism Anti-capitalism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 330 Senate: 0 / 136 | |
| Romania | Romanian Socialist Party Partidul Socialist Român | PSR | Constantin Rotaru | July 2003 | Eurocommunism Progressivism Equality feminism Left-wing nationalism Anti-NATO European federalism Pro-Europeanism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 330 Senate: 0 / 136 | |
| Russia | Communist Party of the Russian Federation Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации | CPRF КПРФ | Gennady Zyuganov | 14 February 1993 (1993-2-14) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism Social conservatism Neo-Stalinism | State Duma: 57 / 450 Federation Council: 4 / 178 | |
| Russia | Left Front Левый фронт | | Sergei Udaltsov | 18 October 2008 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-fascism Anti-nationalism Anti-liberalism Anti-capitalism Internationalism | State Duma: 1 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия в составе Коммунистической партии Советского Союза | RCWP-CPSU РКРП-КПСС | Stepan Malentsov | 27 October 2001 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Russian Labour Front Российский трудовой фронт | RTF РТФ | Alexander Batov | 22 February 2010 | Marxism–Leninism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Russian Maoist Party Российская маоистская партия | RMP РМП | Collective leadership | 9 June 2000 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism Proletarian internationalism Feminism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Labour Russia Трудовая Россия | LR ТР | Stanislav Ruzanov | 7 November 1991 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Soviet patriotism Direct democracy Left-wing nationalism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Russian Party of Freedom and Justice Российская партия свободы и справедливости | RPSS РПСС | Konstantin Rykov | 8 April 2012 | Social democracy Russian nationalism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Russia | Communists of Russia Коммунисты России | CPCR РПСС | Sergey Malinkovich | 23 May 2009 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | State Duma: 0 / 450 Federation Council: 0 / 178 | |
| Serbia | New Communist Party of Yugoslavia Нова комунистичка партија Југославије / Nova Komunistička Partija Jugoslavije | NKPJ НKПЈ | Aleksandar Banjanac | 30 June 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism Yugoslavism Russophilia | National Assembly: 0 / 250 | |
| Serbia | Party of Labour Партија рада / Partija rada | PR ПР | Collective leadership | 28 March 1992 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 250 | |
| Slovakia | Communist Party of Slovakia Komunistická strana Slovenska | KSS | Jozef Hrdlička | 29 August 1992 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 150 | |
| Slovakia | Dawn Úsvit | | Luciana Hoptová | 25 May 2005 | Marxism | National Council: 0 / 150 | |
| South Africa | Economic Freedom Fighters | EFF | Julius Malema | 26 July 2013 | Marxism–Leninism Fanonism Sankarism Anti-imperialism Pan-Africanism Black nationalism Anti-Zionism Left-wing populism Anti-capitalism | National Assembly: 44 / 400 National Council of Provinces: 11 / 90 | Currently the third-largest party in both houses of the South African Parliament. |
| South Africa | Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party | SRWP | Irvin Jim | March 2019 | Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 400 National Council of Provinces: 0 / 90 | |
| South Ossetia | Communist Party of South Ossetia Хуссар Ирыстоны Коммунистон парти | CPSO ХИКп | Stanislav Kochiev | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Parliament: 1 / 34 | |
| South Sudan | Communist Party of South Sudan | CPSS | Joseph Wol Modesto | June 2011 | Marxism–Leninism | National Legislative Assembly: 0 / 400 Council of States: 0 / 100 | |
| Spain | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain Partido Comunista de los Pueblos de España | PCPE | Julio Díaz | 15 January 1984 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism Internationalism Anti-capitalism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) Partido Comunista de España (marxista-leninista) | PCE (m-l) | | 2006 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Republicanism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted) Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido) | PCE(r) | Manuel Pérez Martínez | 1975 | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism Maoism (until 1990s) | Banned | Banned in 2003 due to links to the First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups. Inactive as of 2006, though not officially dissolved. |
| Spain | Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) Partido Marxista–Leninista (Reconstrucción Comunista) | PML(RC) / RC | Roberto Vaquero Arribas | 6 October 2014 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Anti-fascism Republicanism Proletarian internationalism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | Temporarily banned from December 2014 to 2017 due to alleged links to the Kurdistan Workers' Party. |
| Spain | Communist Unification of Spain Unificación Comunista de España | UCE | | 1973 | Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong thought | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Spanish Communist Workers' Party Partido Comunista Obrero Español | PCOE | Francisco Barjas | 1973 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism Anti-fascism Republicanism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Revolutionary Communist Party Partido Comunista Revolucionario | PCR | | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism Maoism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Marxist–Leninist Front of the Peoples of Spain Frente Marxista-Leninista de los Pueblos de España | F(M-L)PE | Gregorio Fernandez Lopez | 1987 | Marxism–Leninism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Democratic Labour Party Partido del Trabajo Democrático | PTD | Miguel Ángel Villalón | 2013 | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism Feminism | Congress of Deputies: 0 / 350 Senate: 0 / 263 | |
| Spain | Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya Viu Partido Socialista Unificado de Cataluña Vivo | PSUC Viu | Collective leadership | June 1997 | Republicanism Federalism | Parliament of Catalonia: 0 / 135 | Regional party active in Catalonia |
| Spain | United and Alternative Left Esquerra Unida i Alternativa Izquierda Unida y Alternativa | EUiA | Joan Josep Nuet | 1998 | Marxism Ecologism Catalan self-determination Republicanism | Parliament of Catalonia: 0 / 135 | Regional party active in Catalonia |
| Spain | Forward–Socialist Organisation of National Liberation Endavant–Organització Socialista d'Alliberament Nacional | Endavant | | 2000 | Marxism Catalan independence Catalan Countries Socialist feminism Eco-socialism Anti-fascism Euroscepticism | Parliament of Catalonia: 2 / 135 | Member of the Popular Unity Candidacy |
| Spain | Galician People's Union Unión do Povo Galego Unión del Pueblo Gallego | UPG | Néstor Rego | November 1963 | Marxism-Leninism Galician nationalism | Parliament of Galicia: 4 / 75 | Regional party active in Galicia. Member of the Galician Nationalist Bloc. |
| Spain | Galician Movement for Socialism Movemento Galego ao Socialismo Movimiento Gallego al Socialismo | MGS | Rafa Villar | 2009 | Galician nationalism Galician self-determination Euroscepticism Feminism | Parliament of Galicia: 1 / 75 | Regional party active in Galicia. Member of the Galician Nationalist Bloc. |
| Spain | Galician People's Front Frente Popular Galega Frente Popular Gallego | FPG | Mariano Abalo | 1986 | Marxism-Leninism Galician self-determination | Parliament of Galicia: 0 / 75 | Regional party active in Galicia |
| Sudan | Sudanese Communist Party | SCP | Muhammad Mukhtar Al-Khatib | 1946 | Marxism–Leninism | Transitional Legislative Council: 0 / 300 | |
| Sweden | Communist Party of Sweden Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti | SKP | Andreas Sörensen | 1977 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Riksdag: 0 / 349 | |
| Sweden | Communist Party Kommunistiska partiet | K | Povel Johansson | 1970 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | Riksdag: 0 / 349 | |
| Switzerland | Communist Party Partito Comunista | PC | Massimiliano Arif Ay | May 1944 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 200 Council of States: 0 / 46 | Currently only active in Ticino and the Grisons |
| Switzerland | Swiss Party of Labour Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire Partito Svizzero del Lavoro – Partito Operaio e Popolare | PdA PST-POP PdL-POP | Norberto Crivelli | 14 October 1944 | Marxism Socialism | National Council: 1 / 200 Council of States: 0 / 46 | |
| Sri Lanka | Communist Party of Sri Lanka ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය இலங்கை கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி | CPSL ශ්‍රීලංකොප இ.க.க. | G. Weerasinghe | 1943 | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | Part of various different coalition governments from 1970–1975, 1994–2000, 2004–2015 and 2020–2022 |
| Sri Lanka | Lanka Sama Samaja Party ලංකා සම සමාජ පක්ෂය லங்கா சமசமாஜக் கட்சி | LSSP ලසසප ல.ச.ச.க. | Tissa Vitharana | 18 December 1935 | Trotskyism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | Part of various different coalition governments from 1970–1975, 1994–2000, 2004–2015 and 2020–2022 |
| Sri Lanka | Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) ලංකා කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය (මාඕවාදී) சிலோன் கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (மாவோயிஸ்ட்) | CCP (Maoist) | | 1964 | Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Anti-revisionism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Sri Lanka | Socialist Equality Party සමාජවාදී සමානතා පක්ෂය சோசலிச சமத்துவக் கட்சி | SEP සසප சோ.ச.க. | Deepal Jayasekera | 1964 | Trotskyism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Sri Lanka | Socialist Party of Sri Lanka ශ්‍රී ලංකා සමාජවාදී පක්ෂය இலங்கை சோசலிச கட்சி | SPSL | | 2006 | Marxism Trotskyism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Sri Lanka | United Socialist Party එක්සත් සමාජවාදි පකෂය ஐக்கிய சோசலிச கட்சி | USP එසප ஐ.சோ.க. | Siritunga Jayasuriya | 2006 | Marxism Trotskyism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Sri Lanka | New Democratic Marxist–Leninist Party නව-ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී මාක්ස්-ලෙනින්වාදී පක්ෂය புதிய-ஜனநாயக மார்க்சிச-லெனினிச கட்சி | NDMLP නප්‍රමාලෙප பு.ஜ.மா.லெ.க. | S. K. Senthivel | 3 July 1978 | Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Anti-revisionism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Sri Lanka | Frontline Socialist Party පෙරටුගාමී සමාජවාදී පක්ෂය முன்னிலை சோசலிசக் கட்சி | FLSP පෙසප மு.சோ.க. | Premakumar Gunaratnam | 9 April 2012 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Revolutionary socialism | Parliament: 0 / 225 | |
| Syria | People's Will Party حزب الإرادة الشعبية | PWP | Collective leadership | 2012 | Marxism-Leninism | People's Assembly: 0 / 250 | |
| Syria | Syrian Revolutionary Left Current تيار اليسار الثوري في سوريا | SRLC | Ghayath Naisse | October 2011 | Revolutionary socialism | People's Assembly: 0 / 250 | |
| Syria | Communist Action Party حزب العمل الشيوعي | CAP | Fateh Jamous | August 1976 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | |
| Syria | Arab Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي العربي | ACP | Collective leadership | February 1968 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | |
| Syria | Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) الحزب الشيوعي السوري | SCP(B) | Ammar Bakdash | 1986 | Marxism-Leninism | People's Assembly:0 / 250 | |
| Syria | Syrian Communist Party (Unified) الحزب الشيوعي السوري (الموحد) | SCP(U) | Yusuf Faisal | 1986 | Marxism-Leninism | People's Assembly:0 / 250 | |
| Taiwan | Taiwan People's Communist Party 臺灣人民共產黨 | TPCP | Lin Te-wang | 4 February 2017 | Chinese unification Socialism with Chinese characteristics | Legislative Yuan: 0 / 113 | |
| Tajikistan | Communist Party of Tajikistan | KPT | | 6 December 1924 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | | |
| Togo | Communist Party of Togo | PCT | | 4 May 1980 | Hoxhaism Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism | | |
| Transnistria | Transnistrian Communist Party | PKP | Nadezhda Bondarenko | 20 April 2003 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | | |
| Tunisia | Workers' Party | | Hamma Hammami | January 3, 1986 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism Pan-Arabism | | |
| Tunisia | Democratic Patriots' Unified Party | | Ziad Lakhdar | 1982 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Maoism Arab nationalism Anti-Islamism | | |
| Turkey | Communist Party of Turkey | TKP | Kemal Okuyan | 11 November 2001 | Marxism–Leninism | Grand National Assembly:0 / 600 | |
| Turkey | Workers' Party of Turkey | TİP | Erkan Baş | 7 November 2001 | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing populism Progressivism | Grand National Assembly:4 / 600 | |
| Turkey | Labour Party | EMEP | Selma Gürkan | 25 November 1996 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Grand National Assembly:2 / 600 | |
| Turkey | Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist | TKP/ML | | 24 April 1972 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party | MLKP | | 10 September 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist | TKEP/L | | 1 September 1990 | Marxism–Leninism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Communist Workers Party of Turkey | TKİP | | November 1998 | Marxism-Leninism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Maoist Communist Party | MKP | | 15 September 2002 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front | DHKP/C | | 30 March 1994 | Marxism-Leninism Guevarism Foco theory Socialist patriotism Revolutionary socialism | Banned | |
| Turkey | Communist Party of Kurdistan | KKP | | 1982 | Kurdish self-determination | Banned | |
| Turkey | Bolshevik Party (North Kurdistan – Turkey) | BP (KK-T) | | 1981 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism | Banned | |
| Turkmenistan | Communist Party of Turkmenistan | TKP | | 1998 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Banned | |
| Ukraine | Communist Party of Ukraine Комуністична партія України Коммунистическая партия Украины | KPU КПУ | Petro Symonenko | 19 June 1993 | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing populism Soviet patriotism Pro-Russia Social conservatism | Banned | Banned in 2015 under Ukraine's decommunization laws, continues to operate underground |
| Ukraine | Union of Communists of Ukraine Союз комуністів України Союз коммунистов Украины | SKU СКУ | | December 19, 1992 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism | Banned | Banned in 2015 under Ukraine's decommunization laws, continues to operate underground |
| United Kingdom | Communist Party of Britain | CPB | Robert Griffiths | 1988 | Marxism–Leninism Britain's Road to Socialism | | |
| United Kingdom | Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | CPB-ML | | 1968 | Marxism-Leninism Hard Euroscepticism Hoxhaism Maoism (until 1979) | | |
| United Kingdom | Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | CPGB-ML | Ella Rule | July 3, 2004 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism Hard Euroscepticism | | |
| United Kingdom | Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee) | CPGB (PCC) | | 1991 | Leninism Anti-Stalinism | | |
| United Kingdom | New Communist Party of Britain | NCP | Andy Brooks | 1977 | Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism Hard Euroscepticism | | |
| United Kingdom | Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | CPE (ML) | | 1979 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | | |
| United Kingdom | Revolutionary Communist Group | RCG | | 1974 | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism | | |
| United Kingdom | Communist League | | | | | | |
| United States | Communist Party USA | CPUSA | Collective leadership (National Convention) | 1 September 1919 | Marxism-Leninism Bill of Rights socialism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Party for Socialism and Liberation | PSL | Collective leadership | June 2004 | Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism Anti-imperialism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Socialist Alternative | SA | Collective leadership | April 1986 | Marxism Revolutionary socialism Trotskyism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Socialist Equality Party | SEP | David North | September 1964 | Revolutionary socialism Trotskyism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Workers World Party | WWP | Larry Holmes | 1959 | Marxism-Leninism Proletarian internationalism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Socialist Workers Party | SWP | Jack Barnes | January 1938 | Marxism Castroism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| United States | Socialist Action | | Jeff Mackler | 1983 | Trotskyism | House of Representatives: 0 / 435 Senate: 0 / 100 | |
| Uruguay | Revolutionary Communist Party of Uruguay Partido Comunista Revolucionario | PCR | Ricardo Cohen | 1972 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Chamber of Representatives: 0 / 99 Senate: 0 / 30 | |
| Uzbekistan | Communist Party of Uzbekistan Ўзбекистон коммунистик партияси / Oʻzbekiston kommunistik partiyasi Коммунистическая партия Узбекистана | КПУз / OʻzKP СДК | Kaxramon Mahmudov | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Socialism Soviet patriotism Anti-clericalism | Banned | Banned immediately after attempting to register with Uzbekistan's Central Election Commission |
| Venezuela | Communist Party of Venezuela Partido Comunista de Venezuela | PCV | Óscar Figuera | 5 March 1931 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 1 / 277 | |
| Venezuela | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela Partido Comunista Marxista Leninista de Venezuela | PCMLV | | 2009 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Anti-imperialism Anti-Chavismo | National Assembly: 0 / 277 | |
| Venezuela | Red Flag Party Partido Bandera Roja | BR | Gabriel Puerta Aponte | 20 January 1970 | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Anti-Chavismo | National Assembly: 0 / 277 | |
| Venezuela | Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro (Popular Revolutionary Alternative) Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro | MRT | | 1992 (1992) | Marxism-Leninism Guevarism Foco theory Left-wing nationalism Revolutionary socialism | National Assembly: 0 / 277 | Section of the party supporting the Popular Revolutionary Alternative |
* All-Union Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS[17]

## Formerly communist

| Country | Before | Turned | Notes |
| Angola | Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola | same name | Has abandoned Marxist-Leninism for social democracy |
| Angola | National Union for the Total Independence of Angola | same name | Abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy and then for social conservatism |
| Brazil | Popular Socialist Party | Cidadania | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy and later social liberalism |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party | Bulgarian Socialist Party | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |
| Cambodia | Kampuchean Revolutionary People's Party | Cambodian People's Party | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for centrism |
| Congo | Congolese Party of Labour | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |
| Croatia | League of Communists of Croatia | Social Democratic Party | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
| Kazakhstan | Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan | People's Party of Kazakhstan | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for democratic socialism |
| Mongolia | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party | Mongolian People's Party | Has abandoned Marxist-Leninism for social democracy |
| Montenegro | League of Communists of Montenegro | Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy and later neoliberalism |
| Morocco | Party of Progress and Socialism | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for democratic socialism |
| Mozambique | FRELIMO | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for democratic socialism |
| Serbia | League of Communists of Serbia | Socialist Party of Serbia | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
| Slovenia | League of Communists of Slovenia | Social Democrats | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
| Yemen | Yemeni Socialist Party | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |

## Defunct
### Once ruling

| State | Defunct Party | Notes |
| Afghanistan | People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan | |
| Albania | Party of Labour of Albania | Succeeded by Socialist Party of Albania |
| Benin | People's Revolutionary Party of Benin | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party | Succeeded by the Bulgarian Socialist Party |
| Cambodia | Communist Party of Kampuchea | |
| Czechoslovakia | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia | Czech Republic branch became the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, and the Slovak branch became the Party of the Democratic Left |
| Ethiopia | Workers' Party of Ethiopia | |
| Germany | Socialist Unity Party | |
| Grenada | New Jewel Movement | |
| Hungary | Hungarian Working People's Party | |
| Hungary | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party | Became the Hungarian Socialist Party |
| Poland | Polish United Workers' Party | |
| Romania | Romanian Communist Party | |
| Somalia | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party | |
| Soviet Union | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Formerly the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party |
| Yugoslavia | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |

### Non-ruling

* Armenia – Armenian Workers Communist Party, Armenian Workers Union, Marxist Party of Armenia, Union of Communists of Armenia, Renewed Communist Party of Armenia
* Australia – Communist Party of Australia
* Barbados- Workers Party of Barbados
* Basque Country – Auzolan, Communist Movement of Euskadi, Communist Party of the Basque Homelands, Euskadiko Sozialisten Batasuna, Euskal Herriko Alderdi Sozialista, Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia, Eusko Alderdi Sozialista, Herriko Alderdi Sozialista, Navarrese Left Union, Party of the Revolutionary Patriotic Workers, People's Socialist Revolutionary Party
* Belgium – Union of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Belgium, founded in 1970
* Belgium – Communist Party of Belgium – Marxist–Leninist, founded in 1976.
* Brazil – Free Homeland Party
* Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party – Marxists
* Burkina Faso – African Independence Party (Burkina Faso), Burkinabé Bolshevik Party, Burkinabé Communist Group, Marxist–Leninist Group, Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement, Party for Democracy and Socialism, Party of Labour of Burkina, Patriotic League for Development, Union of Burkinabé Communists, Union of Communist Struggles, Union of Communist Struggles – Reconstructed, Union of Communist Struggles – The Flame, Voltaic Communist Organization
* Catalonia – Catalan-Balear Communist Federation, Workers and Peasants' Bloc, Catalan State-Proletarian Party, Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia, Socialist Party of National Liberation, Party of the Communists of Catalonia
* Canada – Labor-Progressive Party (legal front of the Communist Party of Canada from 1943 to 1959), Workers' Communist Party of Canada
* Channel Islands – Jersey Communist Party
* Chile – Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action), Revolutionary Left Movement
* Colombia – Workers Revolutionary Party of Colombia
* Costa Rica – Costa Rican People's Party
* Cyprus – Communist Party of Cyprus
* Cuba – Popular Socialist Party, joined Cuban Communist Party
* El Salvador – Communist Party of El Salvador, merged into the FMLN
* Eswatini – Swaziland Communist Party
* Gambia – Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party
* Georgia – Revived Communist Party of Georgia, Georgian Workers Communist Party
* Germany – Spartacist League formed in 1918 and became the Communist Party of Germany
* West Germany – Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin, Communist Party of Germany (banned 1956 in West Germany)
* Guatemala – Guatemalan Party of Labour, merged into the URNG
* Haiti – Haitian Communist Party, Haitian Workers Party, Unified Party of Haitian Communists, merged into the National Reconstruction Movement in 1990
* Honduras – Communist Party of Honduras, merged into the Patriotic Renewal Party
* Iceland – Communist Party of Iceland, Communist Party of Iceland (Marxist–Leninist)
* India – Indian Communist Party (Sen)
* Indonesia – Communist Party of Indonesia
* Ireland – Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
* Iraq – Leninist Group in the Iraqi Communist Movement
* Israel – Maki (1948–1973) split in 1965 with formation of largely Arab Rakah which changed its name to Maki in 1989
* Italy – Communist Party of Italy, Italian Communist Party of the Julian March, Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party, Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Party of Italy, Movement for Peace and Socialism, Movement for the Confederation of the Communists
* Lebanon – Lebanese People's Party
* Malaysia – Malayan Communist Party, North Kalimantan Communist Party
* Mexico – Mexican Communist Party
* Moldova – Communist Reformers Party of Moldova
* Myanmar – Communist Party (Burma)
* Namibia – Communist Party of Namibia
* New Caledonia - Communist Party of New Caledonia
* Netherlands – Communist Party of the Netherlands merged into the GroenLinks in 1989, marxist-leninist dissidents within the party formed the NCPN in 1992.
* New Zealand – Communist Party of New Zealand, Socialist Unity Party
* Nigeria – Nigerian Communist Party, Socialist Workers and Farmers Party of Nigeria
* North Korea – Workers' Party of North Korea
* Norway – Workers' Communist Party merged into the Red Party
* Palestine – Communist Party of Palestine (1921–1948)
* Poland – Communist Party of Poland
* Saudi Arabia – Communist Party in Saudi Arabia
* South Korea – Workers' Party of South Korea
* Switzerland – Party of Labour Basel, founded in 1944
* Taiwan – Taiwanese Communist Party, China Communist Alliance, Communist Party of the Republic of China, Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
* Tatarstan – Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan
* Thailand – Communist Party of Thailand
* Transnistria (unrecognized country) – Communist Party of Transnistria
* Trieste – Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste, merged into the Italian Communist Party
* Trinidad and Tobago – Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
* United Kingdom – Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of Scotland
* United States – Communist Party Marxist–Leninist, May 19th Communist Movement, Communist Workers Party, Black Panther Party, Communist Labor Party of America, International Socialist Organization

## Left communist organizations by country

The following is a list of left communist organizations by country which list only those political organizations and parties who officially call themselves left communist ideologically and still exist.

### Organisations

| Country | Organizations |
| Ideologically left communist organizations ||
| Italy | International Communist Party Lotta Comunista |
| Iran | Internationalist Voice |
| United Kingdom | Communist Workers' Organisation World Revolution |
| United States | International Communist Party Internationalism Internationalist Workers Group Workers Offensive |