# Outline of sports

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:
Sport – a physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively, sports can be played on land, in water and in the air.

## What is a sport?

Sports can be described as all of the following:
* Entertainment – Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.
* Exercise – some sports are physical exercise while others are mental exercise.

## Types of sports

* Amateur sports
* Animal sport
* Athletic sports
* Beach sports
* Blood sports
* Contact sport
* Demonstration sports
* Disabled sports
* Electronic sports
* Extreme sports
* Fantasy sports
* Individual sport
* Illegal sports
* Military sports
* Motorsports
* Professional sports
* Racing
* Spectator sport
* Team sport
* Throwing sports
* Underwater sports
* Women's sports
* Youth sports

## List of sports

List of sports

## Sport by region

Africa
    West Africa
       Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo
    North Africa
       Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara
    Central Africa
       Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe
    East Africa
       Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe
    Southern Africa
       Botswana • Eswatini • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa
    Dependencies
       Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Antarctica
    None
Asia
    Central Asia
       Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan
    East Asia
       China
          Tibet
          Hong Kong • Macau
       Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan
    North Asia
       Russia
    Southeast Asia
       Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia • East Timor (Timor-Leste) • Indonesia • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Thailand • Vietnam
    South Asia
       Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan• Iran • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka
    India
       Delhi
    West Asia
       Armenia • Azerbaijan • Bahrain • Cyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • PalestineQatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey • United Arab Emirates • Yemen
Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)
    North Caucasus
       Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)
    South Caucasus
       Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)
Europe
    Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Svalbard • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine
    United Kingdom
       England (Birmingham, Bristol, Cornwall, London, Milton Keynes, Sussex, Worthing) • Northern Ireland (Belfast) • Scotland (Glasgow) • Wales (Cardiff)
    Vatican City
    European Union
North America
    Canada
    Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    United States
       Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
       District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
    Central America
       Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama
    Caribbean
       Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands

### Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)

    Australasia
       Australia (Brisbane, Sydney)
          Dependencies/Territories of Australia
             Christmas Island • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island
       New Zealand
    Melanesia
       Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •
    Micronesia
       Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (US) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) •
    Polynesia
       American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)
South America
    Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela
South Atlantic
    Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha

## History of sports

History of sports
* Sports history organizations
* History of American football
* History of archery
* History of association football
* History of Australian rules football
* History of baseball
* History of basketball
* History of chess
* History of cricket
* History of cue sports
* History of curling
* History of cycling
* History of field hockey
* History of figure skating
* History of Formula One
* History of hang gliding
* History of the Gaelic Athletic Association
* History of hurling
* History of lacrosse
* History of martial arts
* History of netball
* History of orienteering
* History of professional wrestling
* History of rodeo
* History of roller derby
* History of rowing
* History of rugby league
* History of rugby union
* History of skiing
* History of snooker
* History of surfing
* History of swimming
* History of tennis
* History of water polo
* History of wrestling

## Recreational sporting

* Sports game
* Fantasy sport

## Rules

* Ball
* Foul
* Goal
* Open
* Referee
* Score
* Sudden death
* Offside

## Sports in court
### General

* Court of Arbitration for Sport

### American football

* American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League
* Two cases that involved the trademark rights of the Washington Redskins:
** Harjo et al v. Pro Football, Inc.
** Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo
* NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

### Association football

* Bosman ruling
* Fraser v. Major League Soccer
* Webster ruling

### Baseball

* Barry Bonds perjury case
* Federal Baseball Club v. National League
* Flood v. Kuhn
* Seitz decision
* Toolson v. New York Yankees

### Basketball

* Haywood v. National Basketball Association
* Robertson v. National Basketball Association

### Other sports

* Kolpak ruling

## Sports training and nutrition

Muscles training
Sports nutrition

## Sports medicine

Sports medicine
* Concussions in sport
* Sports injuries
* Sports drink
* Doping in sport
* List of doping cases in sport

## Sports and media

* Broadcasting of sports events
* Sports Emmy Award
* List of sports films
* Sports journalism
* Sports radio
* World record

### Sports magazines

* Sports Illustrated
* SportsEvents Magazine

### Sports television programs

* Pulp Sport

## Sports ethics and conduct

* Gamesmanship
* Racism in sport
* Sportsmanship
** Spirit of the Game in Ultimate
* Violence in sports
** Hooliganism
** Violence in baseball
** Violence in ice hockey

## Sports participants

* Animals in sport
** Sport horse
* Athlete
* Coach
* Fan
* Scout
* Sports commentator
* Student athlete

## Sports venues

* Arena
* Association football pitch
* Australian rules football playing field
* Baseball park
* Billiard hall
* Cricket ground
* Game court
* Golf course
* Gym
* Gymkhana
* Ice hockey arena
* Ice rink
* Olympic-size swimming pool
* Race track
* Roller rink
* Rugby league playing field
* Speed skating rink
* Stadium
* Tennis court

### Sports venue features

* Bleacher
* Club seating
* Field house
* Grandstand
* Dohyō
* Groundshare
* Leisure centre
* Luxury box
* Medialuna
* Palace of Sports
* Palaestra
* Personal seat license
* Turf management

## Sports equipment

* Floodlights
* Sports equipment
* Sportswear

## Game play

* Power play
* Losing streak
* Grind

## Sports management

Sport management
* Demonstration sport
* Sports marketing
* Sponsor
* Scout
* List of professional sports leagues by revenue

## Sports culture

* Fan loyalty
* National sport
* Nudity in sport
* Performance art
* Sports memorabilia
* Sporting club
* List of sports attendance figures
* List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues

## Sports and politics

Politics and sports
* Nationalism and sport
* Ministry of Sports
* Racism in sport
* Sport policies of the Arab League
* Sport policies of the European Union

## Sporting events

* Division
* International sport
* Multi-sport event
* National championship
* Olympic Games
* Sports league
* Tournament
* World championship
* List of professional sports leagues

## Sports governing bodies

Sports governing body
* Regulation of sport
World governing bodies of various notable sports:
* Multisports:
** The Olympic Games: International Olympic Committee (IOC)
** Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations
** Alliance of Independent Recognised Members of Sport
** SportAccord
* Baseball and Softball: World Baseball Softball Confederation
* Basketball: FIBA (International Basketball Federation), but national pro leagues may diverge from its rules, as in the US
* Cricket: International Cricket Council (ICC)
* Cue sports: World Confederation of Billiards Sports:
** Carom billiards: Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB)
** Pocket billiards (pool): World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA)
** Snooker and English billiards: World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker)
* Football variants have many governing bodies, with widely divergent rules:
** Association football (soccer): FIFA
** Gridiron football is divided in into:
*** American football: International Federation of American Football (IFAF) is the world governing body, but U.S. domestic leagues at professional and college levels may diverge from its rules
*** Canadian football: Football Canada
** Rugby football is divided into two "codes" or sets of rules:
*** Rugby league: International Rugby League (IRL)
*** Rugby union: World Rugby (WR)
** Australian rules football: AFL Commission
** Gaelic football: Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)
** International-rules football: A conference of the AFL and GAA
* Golf: International Golf Federation (IGF)
* Ice hockey: International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)
* Motor racing:
** Car racing: International Federation of the Automobile (FIA)
** Motorcycle racing: International Motorcycling Federation (FIM)
** Motorboat racing: International Motonautical Union (UIM) and others, depending on boat type
* Tennis: International Tennis Federation (ITF)
* Underwater sports
** Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)

## Sociology of sport

The sociology of sport is a subfield of sociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures. The field has also investigated how various gender divides in sports can influence feminist movements.

## Sport psychology

Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state. After becoming popular in the early 20th century, it is now a recognized scientific field which is relevant to many different sports. Modern sports psychologists often use a combination of goal setting, visualization techniques and preperformance routines to help athletes achieve their goals.