OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iowa City metropolitan area

The Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Iowa anchored by the city of Iowa City. The Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had a population of 182,711 people in the 2024 US Census Bureau population estimate. growing 4.16% compared to 2020.
The Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is also a part of a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with the nearby Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). This CSA plus two additional counties are known as the Iowa City-Cedar Rapids (ICR) region and collectively have a population of nearly 500,000.

## Counties

Johnson and Washington make up the Iowa City metropolitan area with Johnson County being the second fastest growing county in Iowa.

## Communities

* Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants
** Iowa City (Principal city)
* Places with 5,000 to 50,000 inhabitants
** Coralville
** North Liberty, at 20%, fastest growing city in Johnson County (2010-2017)
** Washington
* Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants
** Kalona
** Lone Tree
** Riverside
** Solon
** Tiffin
** Wellman
** West Branch (partial)
** University Heights
* Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants
** Ainsworth
** Brighton
** Hills
** Oxford
** Shueyville
** Swisher
* Places with less than 500 inhabitants
** Coppock (partial)
** Crawfordsville
** West Chester
* Unincorporated places
** Cosgrove
** Elmira
** Frytown
** Joetown
** Morse
** Oasis
** River Junction
** Sharon Center
** Sutliff
** Windham

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 131,676 people, 52,136 households, and 29,213 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 91.22% White, 2.49% African American, 0.27% Native American, 3.52% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.08% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.

### 2013 demographic estimates

As of the 2013 US Census Bureau population estimate there were 161,170 people, an increase of 2800 people or 1.8% compared to 2012, due to 2,059 births, 651 international migrants and 889 from domestic migration. This compares favorably to nearly two thirds of Iowa counties who have lost population over 2012–2013.

## Socioeconomic data

The median income for a household in the MSA was $39,582, and the median income for a family was $52,874. Males had a median income of $32,936 versus $26,306 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $20,221, as of the census of 2000.
# Crossroads Group

The Crossroads Group was a Dallas-based private equity fund of funds firm focusing on venture capital investments. The firm, founded in 1981 by Brad Heppner, was acquired by Lehman Brothers in October 2003. Since Lehman Brothers' 2008 bankruptcy, Crossroads has been a part of Neuberger Berman.

## History

Founded in 1981 as Bigler/Crossroads, the firm focused on investing as a limited partner in venture capital funds and, to a lesser extent, other private equity strategies including middle market U.S. leveraged buyout investments and mezzanine capital. Crossroads was also an early investor in secondary interests in existing private equity partnerships.
At the time of its acquisition in 2003, Crossroads managed approximately $2 billion of capital on behalf of its investors. Over its 22-year history, the firm raised 16 Crossroads Funds, and invested with more than 200 private equity firms.
In 1999, Crossroads acquired a $340 million portfolio of direct investments in large to mid-cap companies from Electronic Data Systems (EDS).
# Olaf Hilmer

Olaf Hilmer (born 17 February 1972) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the Bundestag in 2025. He has been a member of the Alternative for Germany since 2022.
# Heavy Rules Mixtape

Heavy Rules Mixtape is an extended play/mixtape by Finnish singer and songwriter Alma. It was released through PME Records and Warner Music Finland on 2 March 2018. Songs for the extended play were written and recorded in 2017 and early 2018. The extended play was produced by Axident, Hank Solo, Mag, Jason Gill and features guest appearances by MØ, Tove Styrke and Kiiara.

## Background

Alma released her debut extended play Dye My Hair in 2016. In 2017, she was featured on Sub Focus' single "Don't You Feel It" and Martin Solveig's single "All Stars" and released solo singles "Chasing Highs" and "Phases" with French Montana. In February 2018, it was announced that Alma would release Heavy Rules Mixtape the following month. Alma said that she decided to release more music, because "I’m going on tour and I have these festival shows and everything, and it feels super horrible to play these gigs and to have so few songs out". In an interview with Paper, Alma spoke of the recording process, saying:
   I think now I've found what I want to do — I've found my friends and the people I like to work with. While I was once struggling with my sound, I'm in a better place than when I started. You can hear the vibe on this mixtape, too.

## Critical reception

Heavy Rules Mixtape received positive reception from Idolator, according to which "it goes hard from the opening track and maintains that quality and energy until the final beat" Paper wrote of the release that it is "full-on pop, packed with slick club synths and smart lyrics that build into enormous choruses". Nylon wrote that the EP is "one of the finest releases to come out of the pop scene" in 2018. Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat gave the release four stars.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for Heavy Rules Mixtape :
| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 9 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 41 |
# Hegelian Dialectic (The Book of Revelation)

Hegelian Dialectic (The Book of Revelation) is the fifth studio album by American rapper Prodigy. The album was released on January 20, 2017, exactly five months before his death, through his label Infamous Records, and features a sole guest appearance from Ca$h Bilz.

## Life and career leading to Hegelian Dialectic

Prodigy, born Albert Johnson, was a central figure in East Coast Hip Hop, known particularly for his work with the group Mobb Deep. Known for his clear, articulate delivery and lyrical realism, Prodigy's music often reflected the gritty realities of street life and societal issues. His work on Hegelian Dialectic continued this trend, focusing on philosophical themes inspired by the Hegelian dialectic concept and the state of society in America.

## Concept and themes

The album is named after the philosophical concept Hegelian dialectic. It is an argument process explaining the progress of history as being the conflict of ideas, where the interactions between thesis and anti-thesis create synthesis. This idea is the logical foundation stone for Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theory of history as the history of class struggle where the conditions of societal production develop until the oppressed classes necessarily overthrow the oppressor class. This philosophical concept was reflected throughout the album, with songs addressing societal struggles, economic disparities, and political upheaval.

## Background

Production for the album came from Beat Butcha, Knxwledge, and The Alchemist among others. Hegelian Dialectic was recorded and mixed by Joe the Engine Ear. It was the last album to be released during his lifetime prior to his death in June 2017, which was caused by accidental asphyxiation. The album was intended to be the first in a series of three albums he planned to release over the course of several months, with the two sequels entitled The Book of Heroine and The Book of the Dead.

## Guest appearance

The album features a single guest appearance from Ca$h Bilz, a rising artist in the hip hop scene. Prodigy's choice to include a relatively unknown artist was in line with his desire to push boundaries and challenge the status quo, reflected in the philosophical themes of the album.

## Critical reception

Hegelian Dialectic received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the new politically driven and socially conscious tone, a notable change from Prodigy's previous work. Adam Seyum of Music Connection gave the album eight out of ten stars, saying "With songs like 'Mystic', 'Tyranny' and 'Spiritual War,' [Prodigy] encourages listeners to open up their third eye and observe 'the system' meticulously."
# Eberhard Taubert

Eberhard Taubert (11 May 1907 in Kassel – 2 November 1976 in Cologne) was a lawyer and anti-Semitic Nazi propagandist. He joined the Nazi Party on 1 November 1931 (membership number 712,249). At the same time, he joined the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazi paramilitary unit where he served on the staff of SA-Gruppe Berlin-Brandenburg with the rank of SA-Sturmführer. At the beginning of 1932, Taubert became head of the legal department of Gau Berlin and the anti-Bolshevism advisor to Joseph Goebbels, the Gauleiter. He became involved in both anti-Communist and anti-Jewish propaganda. From 1933 to 1945 he worked as a high official in the Propagandaministerium under Goebbels, where he headed its anti-Komintern department.
His nickname in Nazi circles was Dr. Anti. From 1939 he headed the Institute for the Study of the Jewish Question. He worked in 1940 on the script for the anti-Semitic propaganda film Der ewige Jude (English: The Eternal Jew). He also served as a lay judge at the People's Court. After the Second World War he changed his name to Erwin Kohl and worked for $3,000 a month for the German Christian Democratic Union in West Germany, providing material against more radical Marxists.
As "Erwin Kohl" Taubert was one of the founders of the People's Union for Peace and Freedom (VFF) in 1950. The VFF saw itself as "the central anti-communist organization in the Federal Republic" and was supported and subsidized by the Federal Ministry for All-German Questions (predecessor of the Federal Ministry for Intra-German Relations). Mathias Friedel regarded the VFF as a replica of the "Anti-Komintern" during the Nazi regime. After his true identity and background was revealed, Eberhard had to retire from the VFF. Taubert was a member of the Naumann Circle, which aimed to infiltrate the Free Democratic Party, and eventually restore Nazism in Germany.
After 1957 he worked in South America, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt and South Africa and as the counsel of the German minister Franz Josef Strauß. Taubert maintained a liaison office in Bonn, which worked for NATO on matters of psychological defense (PSV).
Taubert was still a counter-intelligence expert for US secret services and in 1959 took on a job for the Iranian secret service (SAVAK) and other Middle Eastern intelligence services. Under the pseudonym Dr. Marcel Wallensdorfer, Taubert was given a press service entitled Anti-Comintern Service.
From 1970 he was employed by German industrialists and largely withdrew from political life due to his illness.
His rhetorical ability made him the talented and wanted propagandist he was, not only during the NS-regime. His agitative style used in the Nazi propaganda was reused after the war to boost the Western fear of communism. For this mission he worked with secret services (for example CIC) and right-wing politicians and journals.
Taubert died in a car crash in Cologne in 1976. Three people attended his funeral.
# Dmitri Stajila

Dmitri Stajila (born 2 August 1991) is a Moldovan football goalkeeper who plays for Kyrgyz Premier League club Alga Bishkek. Over two meters tall, he also holds Russian citizenship as Dmitri Igorevich Stazhila (Russian: Дмитрий Игоревич Стажила).

## Club career
### Kuban Krasnodar

On 19 February 2016, he signed a 3-year contract with the Russian side FC Kuban Krasnodar.

## Honours
### Sheriff Tiraspol

* Moldovan National Division (4) : 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
* Moldovan Cup (1) : 2009-10
       Runner-Up (1) : 2013-14
* Moldovan Super Cup (1) : 2013

### Individual

* Most Clean Sheets (1) : Season 2013–14 = 17 matches without goal
# Lake Valencia (Peru)

Lake Valencia, Peru is an oxbow lake formed by the Madre de Dios River in Peru's Madre de Dios Region. It is situated near the Bolivian border and its closest city is Puerto Maldonado.
# List of Central Washington Wildcats in the NFL draft

This is a list of Central Washington Wildcats players in the NFL Draft.

## Key

| B | Back | K | Kicker | NT | Nose tackle |
| C | Center | LB | Linebacker | FB | Fullback |
| DB | Defensive back | P | Punter | HB | Halfback |
| DE | Defensive end | QB | Quarterback | WR | Wide receiver |
| DT | Defensive tackle | RB | Running back | G | Guard |
| E | End | T | Offensive tackle | TE | Tight end |

## Selections

| Year | Round | Pick | Overall | Player | Team | Position |
| 1947 | 11 | 3 | 88 | L. G. Carmody | Washington Redskins | B |
| 1958 | 26 | 6 | 307 | Corky Bridges | Los Angeles Rams | B |
| 1966 | 19 | 5 | 280 | Byron Johnson | Dallas Cowboys | OT |
| 1971 | 13 | 15 | 327 | David Knapman | Cincinnati Bengals | TE |
| 1992 | 11 | 13 | 293 | Eric Boles | New York Jets | WR |
# Academic Freedom Alliance

The Academic Freedom Alliance (AFA) is a nonprofit organization formed by college educators to defend free expression. The mission of the organization is to challenge university administrations and provide legal help to professors who face disciplinary action over controversial speech or activities. It was founded by Keith Whittington, Cornel West, Robert George, Jeannie Suk Gersen, and Nadine Strossen.

## Overview

The organization provides legal support for professors involved in free speech controversies. It challenges university administrations and external entities on behalf of the academicians to support academic freedom and civil debate on a range of issues. Its actions have defended multiple professors including preventing a professor from getting fired from a university.

## History

The Academic Freedom Alliance was founded in March 2021 by a group of Princeton University faculty along with 200 other founding members in the United States.
In March 2022, the Academic Freedom Alliance sent a letter to the administration of Princeton University calling on it to remove criticism of a faculty member's speech from the webpage of the Carl Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding. Writing for the Academe Blog of the American Association of University Professors, John K. Wilson stated that advocating for such restrictions on criticism of faculty by university staff and centers on all university webpages represents an "untenable" and "hypocritical standard" that would lead to "censorship on a breathtaking scale." Princeton President Christopher L. Eisgruber declined to remove the controversial comment from the webpage of Carl Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding.
# Claudio Capponi

Claudio Capponi (born 20 May 1959, Rome) is an Italian film composer, music arranger, orchestrator, music producer and violist.

## Biography

Capponi began his musical career at a young age and graduated from the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in Rome, Italy, with high honours in piano, viola and composition. He then became First Solo Violist in the most important Italian orchestras, including the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, and Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, with conductors such as Leonard Bernstein, Claudio Abbado, Lorin Maazel, Riccardo Muti, Carlo Maria Giulini, and Giuseppe Sinopoli.
An accomplished classical musician, Capponi has also performed with chamber music ensembles such as I Musici, I Virtuosi di Roma, Complesso da camera di Santa Cecilia, Orchestra da camera di Santa Cecilia, and Quartetto Filarmonico di Roma, and has toured such music theatres as the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena and the Mozarteum University of Salzburg, with soloists such as Mstislav Rostropovich and Uto Ughi.
In Italy he has also taught at the Conservatorio di Roma, Pescara and Terni.
In the pop and rock world he has performed live with Angelo Branduardi, Riccardo Cocciante, Richie Havens and Stephen Stills.
Capponi's credits as a film score composer include Voices of Dissent by Carlo Nero, The Fever by Carlo Nero, produced by HBO Films, My House in Umbria by Richard Loncraine, produced by HBO Films, Jane Eyre by Franco Zeffirelli (Miramax), Sparrow by Franco Zeffirelli (CGG), Dio vede e provvede, a miniseries by Enrico Oldoini and P. Costella (LuxVide), Va’ dove ti porta il cuore, by Cristina Comencini (Videa), La fine è nota by Cristina Comencini (RAI 2), Italia-Germania 4-3 by Andrea Barzini (RAI 2), Croce e delizia by Luciano De Crescenzo (Airoldi/DeDionisio), Toscana by Franco Zeffirelli (produced by the Region of Tuscany), Cervellini fritti impanati by Maurizio Zaccaro (IIF), La valle di pietra by Maurizio Zaccaro (PentaFilm), L’Articolo 2 by Maurizio Zaccaro (ReteItalia/Mikado), E non se ne vogliono andare, miniseries by Giorgio Capitani (Clesi), Ma se poi se ne vanno? miniseries by Giorgio Capitani, (Clesi).
His theatre career includes original music for Franco Zeffirelli's Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore.
Capponi is also composer of music for commercials, having scored the TV advertisements for Telecom Italia, Enel, Alfa Romeo etc.
Labels: Deutsche Grammophon, EMI, Philips, Sony and BMG.
Continuing a family tradition of luthiers, he founded LIUTALY in 2014, a startup company which designs and manufactures "iV" violins and "iC" cellos that integrate and interact with the most recent technologies, smartphones and tablets, to produce alternative sounds.
# Cleverbot

Cleverbot is a chatterbot web application. It was created by British AI scientist Rollo Carpenter and launched in October 2008. It was preceded by Jabberwacky, a chatbot project that began in 1988 and went online in 1997. In its first decade, Cleverbot held several thousand conversations with Carpenter and his associates. Since launching on the web, the number of conversations held has exceeded 150 million. Besides the web application, Cleverbot is also available as an iOS, Android, and Windows Phone app.

## Operation

Cleverbot's responses are not pre-programmed because it learns from human input: Humans type into the box below the Cleverbot logo and the system finds all keywords or an exact phrase matching the input. After searching through its saved conversations, it responds to the input by finding how a human responded to that input when it was asked, in part or in full, by Cleverbot.
Cleverbot participated in a formal Turing test at the 2011 Techniche festival at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati on 3 September 2011. Out of the 1334 votes cast, Cleverbot was judged to be 59.3% human, compared to the rating of 63.3% human achieved by human participants. A score of 50.05% or higher is often considered to be a passing grade. The software running for the event had to handle just 1 or 2 simultaneous requests, whereas online Cleverbot is usually talking to around 10,000 to 50,000 people at once.

## Developments

Cleverbot is constantly growing in data size at the rate of 4 to 7 million interactions per day. Updates to the software have been mostly behind the scenes. In 2014, Cleverbot was upgraded to use GPU serving techniques. Unlike Eliza, the program does not respond in a fixed way, instead choosing its responses heuristically using fuzzy logic, the whole of the conversation being compared to the millions that have taken place before. Cleverbot now uses over 279 million interactions, about 3-4% of the data it has already accumulated. The developers of Cleverbot are attempting to build a new version using machine learning techniques.
An app that uses the Cleverscript engine to play a game of 20 Questions, has been launched under the name Clevernator. Unlike other such games, the player asks the questions and it is the role of the AI to understand, and answer factually. An app that allows owners to create and talk to their own small Cleverbot-like AI has been launched, called Cleverme! for Apple products.
In early 2017, a Twitch stream of two Google Home devices modified to talk to each other using Cleverbot garnered over 700,000 visitors and over 30,000 peak concurrent viewers.

## In popular culture

In late 2010, Cleverbot received widespread media attention after being featured in the popular creepypasta ARG web serial Ben Drowned by Alexander D. Hall.
# The Pandemic Institute

The Pandemic Institute is a medical research unit in Paddington Village, Liverpool, England, established in 2021. Its first director was Matthew Baylis. In 2022 he was succeeded by professor of neurology Tom Solomon.
# 1912 European Figure Skating Championships

The 1912 European Figure Skating Championships were held on February 10 to 11 in Stockholm, Sweden. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Places |
| 1 | Gösta Sandahl | 6 |
| 2 | Ivan Malinin | 9 |
| 3 | Martin Stixrud | 15 |
Judges:
* August Anderberg
* Josef Fellner
* Edward Hörle
* Jenő Minich
* Vyacheslav Sreznevsky
# Sheldon Hall

Sheldon Hall is an early 16th-century Grade II* listed manor house located on Gressel Lane in the Tile Cross area of Birmingham, England, consisting of a main block of two stories and attics built of red and black bricks with stone dressings. The city boundary runs along the eastern side of the property, and it was historically located within Warwickshire, near to the border with Worcestershire. The building is now used as a restaurant.
In 1439 the manor of Sheldon belonged to Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham passing on his death in 1460 to his grandson Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who was beheaded for treason in 1483. After the attainder of his son Edward in 1521 the whole of Sheldon manor was granted by the Crown to Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset. He died in 1530 and his son Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk was also attainted and beheaded in 1554. In 1575 Queen Elizabeth I granted Sheldon to Henry Grey on payment of an annual rental but he sold his rights to Sir George Digby of Coleshill Hall.
The present hall was built by Sir Edward Digby for his son on the site of an older hall known as the East Hall. In 1751 the hall and surrounding land was bought and leased out by the Birmingham industrialist John Taylor of Bordesley Hall, Birmingham. The Digby family, however, remained in possession until 1919, when it was sold off. The building then gradually fell into a state of disrepair, but was saved from demolition when converted into a restaurant in 1997.
Children growing up in the local area during the 1960s and 70s nicknamed the building Baldy's Mansion.
Mr Albert Brayley owned the property in 1970s till the early 1990s