# Jinnah International Airport

Jinnah International Airport (Urdu: جناح بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا) (IATA: KHI, ICAO: OPKC), formerly Drigh Road Airport or Karachi Civil Airport, is Pakistan's busiest international and domestic airport, and handled 7,267,582 passengers in 2017–2018. Located in Karachi, the largest city and commercial capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh, it is named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the statesman founder of Pakistan. It is one of the oldest continuously-operating airports in the world.
The airport is managed by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA),managed by Airport Manager, Erfan Khan as of January 2025 and serves as a hub for the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), airblue, and many other private airlines. The airport is equipped with aircraft engineering and overhauling facilities including the Ispahani Hangar for wide-body aircraft.

## History

Imperial Airways was one of the first airlines to fly to Karachi in December 1926 when Pakistan was a part of British India.
J. R. D. Tata made the maiden voyage from Juhu Aerodrome in Bombay (now Mumbai) to Drigh Road airstrip (now Jinnah International Airport), Karachi, via Ahmedabad, on 15 October 1932, carrying mail in a Puss Moth aircraft.
During the late 1920s and early 1930s, there was a large black coloured airship hangar at the site of Karachi Airport, constructed for the British HMA R101, at the time, the largest aircraft ever built. Only three hangars were ever built in the world to dock and hangar Britain's fleet of passenger airships. However, the R101 never arrived in Karachi (then part of the British Raj) as it crashed and exploded just 8 hours into its maiden flight over Beauvais, France, killing all but 6 of its 54 passengers and crew. This hangar was so huge that aircraft often used it as a visual marker while attempting VFR landings at Karachi. Over the years, the hangar became known as the landmark of Karachi, until it was demolished by order of then-President Field Marshal Ayub Khan in the 1960s.
During World War II, Karachi Airport was a major transhipment base for United States Army Air Forces units and equipment being used by Tenth Air Force in eastern India, Burma and the Fourteenth Air Force in China. Several operational bomber and fighter units flew into Karachi for short organisational periods prior to their deployment. Air Technical Service Command had extensive facilities where aircraft were received, assembled and tested prior to being flown to their combat units at forward airfields. It also functioned as a major maintenance and supply depot for both air forces. In addition, Air Transport Command flew numerous cargo and passenger flights to the Middle East and to points within British India and China.
The airport facilities were further expanded in the 1980s to Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 respectively. The present day infrastructure of Jinnah International Complex is a result of an expansion programme carried out in 1994. Today, the new Jinnah Terminal handles both domestic and international flights, whereas Terminal 2 is now dedicated to Hajj operations. Terminal 1 (the original airport) is now the HQ of Pakistan's Civil Aviation Authority and Terminal 3 is dedicated to commercial offices.
Between the 1960s and 1980s, it was an online station of airlines such as BOAC, Qantas, and Pan Am, featuring prominently on for Eurasia flights. In March 2006, Pakistan International Airlines began a nonstop flight to Toronto on Boeing 777s.

## Structure

Jinnah International Airport has a capacity of handling 12 million passengers annually. In fiscal year 2008–2009, over 5,725,052 passengers used Jinnah International Airport. 50,095 aircraft movements were registered.
It is a major focus city of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), as the primary hub has shifted to Islamabad. All other Pakistani airlines also use Jinnah International Airport as their main hub. These include airblue, SereneAir, Fly Jinnah, and AirSial as well as several charter carriers.
The building is linked via connecting corridors to two satellites, each having a provision of eight passenger-loading bridges. The eastern satellite is devoted exclusively to handling international operations. The western satellite is used for domestic operations, as well as some international operations. This is achieved through a flexible arrangement of gates. The two satellites supplement the departure lounges of the terminal building and also provide shopping facilities, mobile recharging points, and snack counters.
The Jinnah Terminal was completed in 1992 at a cost of US$100 million – at the time the most expensive civil construction project in Pakistan. NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan) and Airconsult (Frankfurt, Germany) were responsible for the architecture and planning of the terminal. Sogea Construction, a French company, was the contractor. Mukhtar Husain and Abdul Malik (NESPAK) were the chief engineers for the new terminal.
In Karachi, the CIP Lounge can be used by all first and business class passengers on all outbound flights. Barclays, UBL and airblue have also introduced their dedicated lounges in the international terminal.
There are a number of bank kiosks and ATMs that passengers can use at the airport.
The airport is also where the majority of PIA's maintenance network is located, although some of its maintenance work also takes place at Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad. There are several hangars at the airport; the largest being the Ispahani Hangar (named after Mirza Ahmad Ispahani, the first chairman of PIA) which can accommodate two wide-body aircraft and one narrow body airliner (e.g. Boeing 737) at one time. On 15 February 2006, the first major overhaul of a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft (known as "C" check) was done at Ispahani Hangar. Most of the PIA aircraft are checked and regulated at the aircraft hangars in Karachi. The PIA maintenance also check other airlines' aircraft in Karachi. The head office of the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan is located in Terminal 1. Pakistan International Airlines has its head office on the grounds of the airport (PIA Building), as well as its central mainframe (CRC Building). CRC Building also houses the PIA frequent flyer programme, Awards +, as well as hosting SITA Bagtrak, the shared International Air Transport Association global lost luggage tracking computer network. PIA Engineering HQ, Cargo Village, Flight Kitchen, and PTC (PIA Training Centre) are also located here. Terminals 1 and Jinnah West also have round-the-clock PIA booking offices and ticketing auto-kiosks.

### Isphahani Hangar

The Isphahani Hangar is PIA's wide-body aircraft maintenance hangar at Jinnah International Airport. It was named in honour of Mirza Ahmed Isphahani, the first and longest serving chairperson of Pakistan International Airlines from its inception in 1954 until 1962. The new jet hangar for wide-body and narrow-body aircraft with a supporting airframe overhaul shop was completed and commissioned in 1968. Most of the PIA aircraft are checked and regulated at the aircraft hangars in Karachi. The PIA maintenance also check other airlines' aircraft in Karachi such as Philippine Airlines, Yemenia and Turkish Airlines.
In 2007 a Karachi bound 747 for the UK was found by government inspectors to have poor maintenance at Karachi and Islamabad after an engine fell onto a Manchester Airport runway shortly after landing.

### Terminals

Jinnah Airport has one main terminal, divided into two concourses and five floors:
   * The Jinnah East Satellite Concourse, used for international flights
   * The Jinnah West Satellite Concourse, used for domestic flights

### Runways and aprons

The airport has two runways measuring 3,200m and 3,400m in length respectively. Runways 25R/07L and 25L/07R have a width of 46 m (150 ft) and 45m respectively. The runways are capable of handling up to Boeing 747-400, Airbus A350 XWB and Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft. The runways have capacity to handle 15 flights per hour and can accommodate simultaneous landings and take offs. Runways 25R and 25L are equipped with ILS CAT-I to guide landing aircraft safely under very poor weather conditions and in low visibility conditions, such as fog. The taxiway is able to handle 12 aircraft at once, while the parking area measures 266,000 sq metres (65.73 acres) and is able to accommodate 42 aircraft, 12 of which through air bridges linking them directly with the terminal building. In addition, there are remote parking bays for 30 aircraft.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Arabia | Sharjah |
| Air China | Beijing–Capital |
| AirAsia X | Kuala Lumpur–International (begins 30 May 2025) |
| Airblue | Dubai–International, Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta |
| AirSial | Islamabad, Jeddah, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta |
| Batik Air Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur–International |
| Cham Wings Airlines | Damascus |
| Emirates | Dubai–International |
| Ethiopian Airlines | Addis Ababa |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi |
| Fly Jinnah | Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta |
| Flyadeal | Jeddah, Riyadh |
| Flydubai | Dubai–International |
| Flynas | Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh |
| Gulf Air | Bahrain |
| Iran Air | Mashhad |
| Iraqi Airways | Baghdad, Najaf |
| Jazeera Airways | Kuwait City |
| Oman Air | Muscat |
| Pakistan International Airlines | Bahawalpur, Dammam, Dubai–International, Faisalabad, Gwadar, Islamabad, Jeddah, Lahore, Medina, Multan, Muscat, Quetta, Skardu, Sukkur, Toronto–Pearson, Turbat, Baku |
| Pegasus Airlines | Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen |
| Qatar Airways | Doha |
| SalamAir | Muscat |
| Saudia | Jeddah, Riyadh |
| Serene Air | Islamabad, Jeddah, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta |
| SriLankan Airlines | Colombo–Bandaranaike |
| Taban Air | Mashhad |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul |
: Air China's flight from Beijing to Karachi makes a stop-over at Islamabad but the flight from Karachi to Beijing is non-stop. Air China does not have eighth freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Karachi and Islamabad.

### Cargo

| Airlines | Destinations |
| DHL Aviation | Abu Dhabi, Bagram, Bahrain |
| MNG Airlines | Kabul |
| Qatar Airways Cargo | Doha |
| Royal Jordanian Cargo | Amman–Queen Alia, Dubai–International |
| SF Airlines | Guiyang |
| TCS Courier | Dubai–International, Islamabad, Lahore |
| Turkish Cargo | Colombo–Bandaranaike, Istanbul, Singapore |
| YTO Cargo Airlines | Kashgar, Kunming, Nanning |

## Statistics

The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Karachi Airport in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan:
| Year | Aircraft movements (commercial) | Passengers (intl. & domestic) | Cargo handled (M. tons) | Mail handled (M. tons) |
| 2006-07 | 52,990 | 5,460,328 | 152,364 | 2,828 |
| 2007-08 | 50,622 | 5,865,859 | 161,762 | 2,832 |
| 2008-09 | 49,920 | 5,698,164 | 144,993 | 2,189 |
| 2009-10 | 53,295 | 5,832,494 | 149,498 | 2,787 |
| 2010-11 | 50,924 | 6,032,999 | 142,364 | 2,324 |
| 2011-12 | 52,682 | 5,968,531 | 142,544 | 2,478 |
| 2012-13 | 49,075 | 5,966,349 | 154,924 | 1,984 |
| 2013-14 | 48,519 | 6,397,316 | 136,124 | 2,101 |
| 2014-15 | 48,832 | 6,267,068 | 125,716 | 2,747 |
| 2015-16 | 54,509 | 6,602,181 | 124,346 | 13,236 |
| 2016-17 | 61,428 | 6,903,948 | 126,498 | 13,792 |
| 2017-18 | 51,890 | 7,267,026 | 130,361 | 12,214 |
| 2018-19 | 42,339 | 6,802,121 | 120,559 | 23,909 |
| 2019-20 | 31,200 | 4,381,949 | 97,742 | 8,936 |
| 2020-21 | 26,743 | 3,366,509 | 97,887 | 4,396 |
| 2021-22 | 35,259 | 5,165,904 | 94,560 | 1,698 |
Busiest routes at Jinnah International Airport (by number of flights weekly) :
| Rank | City | Country | Number of flights | Airlines |
| 1 | Islamabad | Pakistan | 105 | Serene Air, Pakistan International Airlines, airblue, AirSial, Fly Jinnah |
| 2 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 78 | Emirates, Pakistan International Airlines, flydubai |
| 3 | Lahore | Pakistan | 69 | airblue, Pakistan International Airlines, Serene Air, AirSial |
| 4 | Jeddah | Saudi Arabia | 36 | airblue, Pakistan International Airlines, Saudia |
| 5 | Sharjah | United Arab Emirates | 27 | Air Arabia, Pakistan International Airlines |
| 6 | Muscat | Oman | 22 | Oman Air, Salam Air, Pakistan International Airlines |
| 7 | Doha | Qatar | 19 | Qatar Airways, Pakistan International Airlines |
| 8 | Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 16 | Etihad Airways, Pakistan International Airlines |
| 9 | Istanbul | Turkey | 11 | Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Pakistan International Airlines |
| 10 | Bahrain | Bahrain | 11 | Gulf Air |
Traffic flow 2018-2019 :
| Total aircraft movement (number) | Total aircraft movement (number) | Total aircraft movement (number) | Total aircraft movement (number) | Total aircraft movement (number) | Total passengers (numbers) | Total passengers (numbers) | Total passengers (numbers) | Total cargo (M. tons) | Total cargo (M. tons) | Total cargo (M. tons) | Total mail (M. tons) | Total mail (M. tons) | Total mail (M. tons) |
| Commercial | Commercial | Commercial | Non-commercial | Grand total | Domestic | International | Total | Domestic | International | Total | Domestic | International | Total |
| Domestic | International | Total | Non-commercial | Grand total | Domestic | International | Total | Domestic | International | Total | Domestic | International | Total |
| 23,598 | 23,207 | 46,805 | 427 | 47,232 | 2,526,702 | 3,685,783 | 6,212,485 | 18,181 | 81,723 | 99,904 | 65 | 22,254 | 22,319 |

## Ground transport

Jinnah International Airport is situated near the highly populated areas of Gulistan-e-Jauhar and Malir. It is easily accessible through Shahrah-e-Faisal Road from any part of the city.
The airport has a heptagon carpark which can accommodate more than 3000 vehicles.
Buses, mini buses and taxis are also available to the airport. There are also a number of traditional auto-rickshaws available at the airport parking area and entrance which are quite popular to travel short distances within the city.
Karachi Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station from the airport to get the railway connections for other parts of the country. There is also a commuter rail station, Karachi Airport Station, which is located 2 km southwest of main Jinnah Terminal, just south of Star Gate.

## Accidents and incidents

In 2013, the son of a politician Sher Muhammad Baloch thrashed an official of local airline.
In 2018, a male passenger was thrashed by the officials at the airport.
| Date | Aircraft | Registration | Flight no | Airline | Occupants | Fatalities | Details |
| 27 December 1947 | Douglas DC-3 | VT-AUG | 1947 Korangi Creek crash | Air-India | 23 | 23 | The DC-3 lost control after takeoff and struck the ground in a 30deg angle whilst in a violent sideslip to the right. |
| 3 March 1953 | de Havilland DH-106 Comet 1A | CF-CUN | | Canadian Pacific Air Lines (CP Air) | 11 | 11 | Failed to take off and crashed into a dry river bed. First fatal passenger jet airliner crash. |
| 5 August 1956 | Hermes IV | G-ALDK | | Britavia | | | Suffered the collapse of the nose undercarriage at Drigh Road Airport. The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair. |
| 14 August 1959 | Vickers Viscount | AP-AJE | | Pakistan International Airlines | 3 | 2 | Aircraft crashed at Karachi International Airport while attempting an overshoot with two engines inoperative on a training flight. |
| 5 September 1986 | Boeing 747-121 | N656PA | Pan Am Flight 73 | Pan American World Airways | 381 | 20 | Aircraft was hijacked by Palestinian gunmen posing as airport officials upon arrival from Bombay (now Mumbai), India. 20 people were killed when the gunmen opened fire on the passengers as commandos prepared to storm the airplane whilst still on the ground. |
| 5 November 2010 | Beechcraft 1900 | AP-BJD | JS Air Flight 201 | JS Air | 21 | 21 | A plane chartered by the Italian oil company, ENI crashed a minute after takeoff. All 21 passengers and crew on board - 17 ENI employees, two pilots, a security guard and a technician - were killed. Among the dead were 20 Pakistani nationals and an Italian national. |
| 28 November 2010 | Ilyushin Il-76 | 4L-GNI | Sun Way Flight 4412 | Sun Way | 8 | 10 | Aircraft crashed in a populated area of Karachi shortly after taking off from Jinnah International Airport. All eight people on board were killed, as were a further two people on the ground. The aircraft was reported to have been trying to return to Jinnah International after suffering an engine fire. |
| 22 May 2020 | Airbus A320-214 | AP-BLD | Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303 | Pakistan International Airlines | 99 | 97 | A domestic passenger flight from Lahore to Karachi crashed into the Model Colony residential area while on a second ILS approach to Jinnah International Airport. |