# List of metaphysicians

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This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. See also Lists of philosophers.

## Metaphysicians born BC

* Pythagoras
* Thales
* Anaximander
* Anaximenes
* Xenophanes
* Heraclitus
* Parmenides
* Zeno of Elea
* Melissus of Samos
* Leucippus
* Democritus
* Anaxagoras
* Empedocles
* Alcmaeon of Croton
* Hippasus
* Diogenes of Apollonia
* Plato
* Eudoxus of Cnidus
* Speusippus
* Xenocrates
* Aristotle

## Metaphysicians born between 1 and 600 AD

* Numenius
* Alexander of Aphrodisias
* Ammonius Saccas
* Origen of Alexandria
* Origen the Pagan
* Plotinus
* Porphyry
* Iamblichus
* Syrianus
* Proclus
* Ammonius Hermiae
* Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
* Olympiodorus the Younger
* Damascius
* Simplicius of Cilicia
* John Philoponus

## Metaphysicians born between 600 and 1400

* John Scotus Eriugena
* Al-Farabi
* Avicenna
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Peter Abelard
* Al-Ghazali
* Bernard of Chartres
* Gilbert de la Porrée
* Thierry of Chartres
* Hugh of Saint Victor
* Richard of Saint Victor
* Maimonides
* Averroes
* Ibn Arabi
* Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
* Philip the Chancellor
* William of Auvergne
* Alexander of Hales
* Albertus Magnus
* Bonaventure
* Roger Bacon
* John Peckham
* Thomas Aquinas
* Giles of Rome
* Godfrey of Fontaines
* Henry of Ghent
* Petrus Aureoli
* Duns Scotus
* Walter Burley
* Hervaeus Natalis
* William of Ockham
* Jean Buridan
* Jean Capréolus
* Meister Eckhart
* Dominic of Flanders

## Metaphysicians born between 1400 and 1700

* Paolo Barbò da Soncino
* Marsilio Ficino
* Thomas Cajetan
* Francisco Suárez
* Domingo Báñez
* Robert Bellarmine
* John of St. Thomas
* René Descartes
* Thomas Hobbes
* Anne Conway
* Baruch Spinoza
* Nicolas Malebranche
* Gottfried Leibniz
* George Berkeley
* Christian Wolff
* Jakob Böhme

## Metaphysicians born between 1700 and 1800

* Immanuel Kant
* Georg W. F. Hegel
* Arthur Schopenhauer
* Friedrich W. J. Schelling
* Johann G. Fichte
* Friedrich H. Jacobi

## Metaphysicians born between 1800 and 1900

* Nikolai Berdyaev
* Henri Bergson
* Franz Brentano
* Joseph Kleutgen
* Semyon Frank
* Gottlob Frege
* Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange
* Étienne Gilson
* Nicolai Hartmann
* Martin Heidegger
* George Holmes Howison
* Jacques Maritain
* John McTaggart
* Alexius Meinong
* G. E. Moore
* Ella Norraikow
* Bertrand Russell
* Vladimir Solovyov
* Edith Stein
* Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
* Alfred North Whitehead
* Donald Cary Williams
* Ludwig Wittgenstein
* Mary Baker Eddy
* Ernest W. Holmes

## Metaphysicians born after 1900

* Marilyn McCord Adams
* Robert Merrihew Adams
* William Alston
* G. E. M. Anscombe
* David Malet Armstrong
* Alain Badiou
* Lynne Rudder Baker
* Hans Urs von Balthasar
* Paul Benacerraf
* Charles Dunbar Broad
* Berit Brogaard
* David Burrell
* Ross Cameron
* David Chalmers
* Roderick Chisholm
* Brian Davies (philosopher)
* Gilles Deleuze
* Arda Denkel
* Michael Devitt
* Alexander Dugin
* Catherine Elgin
* Edward Feser
* Cornelio Fabro
* Kit Fine
* Peter Geach
* Peter Glassen
* Nelson Goodman
* Jean Grondin
* Rene Guenon
* Pierre Hadot
* John Hawthorne
* Stephen Hetherington
* Shadworth Hodgson
* Charles H. Kahn
* Anthony Kenny
* Jaegwon Kim
* David Kolb
* Norman Kretzmann
* Saul Kripke
* Brian Leftow
* David Kellogg Lewis
* Bernard Lonergan
* Peter Ludlow
* William Lycan
* Penelope Maddy
* Ralph McInerny
* Trenton Merricks
* Iris Murdoch
* Joseph Owens (Redemptorist)
* Terence Parsons
* Alvin Plantinga
* Graham Priest
* Hilary Putnam
* Willard van Orman Quine
* Karl Rahner
* Jay Rosenberg
* Nathan Salmon
* Jean-Paul Sartre
* Theodore Sider
* Gilbert Simondon
* Barry Smith
* Wolfgang Smith
* Robert Stalnaker
* Peter F. Strawson
* Eleonore Stump
* Richard Clyde Taylor
* Judith Jarvis Thomson
* Colin Murray Turbayne
* Peter Unger
* Peter van Inwagen
* David Wiggins
* Stuart Wilde
* Colin Wilson
* Jessica Wilson
* John Wippel
* Dean Zimmerman
* Xavier Zubiri