# Darbari Kanada

Hindustani classical music :
Concepts :
Shruti
Swara
Alankar
Raga
Tala
Thaat
Gharana :
Instruments :
Genres :
Thaats :
Bilaval
Khamaj
Kafi
Asavari
Bhairav
Bhairavi
Todi
Purvi
Marva
Kalyan :
vte :
Darbari Kanada, or simply Raga Darbari (pronounced darbāri kānada), is a raga in Carnatic music. It is a janya ragam (derived scale) of 20th Melakarta raga Natabhairavi. Being an ancient raga, its original name is unknown. It is believed to be borrowed into Hindustani classical music by Miyan Tansen, the famous 16th-century composer in emperor Akbar's court. It belongs to the Kanada family. This tradition is reflected in the name itself; Darbar is the Persian derived word in Hindi meaning "court." As the most familiar raga in the Kanada family, it may sometimes also be called Shuddha Kanada or pure Kanada. It belongs to the Asavari thaat. This raag is called raaga Kaanada in Yakshagana Karnataka state dance. It is also sometimes written as Durbari and Durbarikanada.

## In Hindustani classical music

In Hindustani music, Darbari follows almost its original style of singing from the Carnatic music. It is a grave raga, played deep into the night, considered to be one of the more difficult to master, and with the potential for profound emotional impact.
Darbari is a very serious raga and hence, slow and elaborate meend and andolan are generally more preferred than light and frivolous ornamentations like murki or khatka. The improvisation of Darbari is done more in the mandra saptak, or lower octave. The ascension of arohana is in the lower and middle octaves. In the avarohana the note Ga (gandhar) komal is used in a slow vibrato (andolan) on this note. Similarly, komal Dha is also used by Andolan. The Andolan of komal Ga and komal Dha add to the gravity of the raga. The association of the notes Ni and Pa sounds pleasing. Its Vadi swara is Re and Samavadi is Pa.
arohana: S R (R)g, (R)g M P d n S'
avarohana: S' d n P M P (M)g, (M)g M (S)R, S
For reference, the set of notes in the Asavari thaat is S R g M P d n, and for Darbari, the role of the komal gandhar is crucial, as is dwelling on the lower komal dhaivat for some time. Other ragas in the Kanada family include Abhogi Kanada, Shahana Kanada, and Adana (Adana is part of the Kanada Raga group).

## Important recordings

* Amir Khan, Raagaas Maarwa and Darbaari, Odeon LP (long-playing record), ODEON-MOAE 103, later reissued by HMV as EMI-EALP1253, critically regarded as a benchmark for both Maarwa and Darbaari.
* Pt. D. V. Paluskar, Jhanak Jhanakva More Bitchuwa, Golden Milestones, D. V. Paluskar. This is actually closer to raag Adaana than Darbaari.
* East Atlanta rapper JID, samples the Darbaari raga on his song 151 Rum (song)

## In Carnatic music

It is an ubhaya vakra sampurna rāgam derived from the 20th melakarta rāgam Natabhairavi. It is an extremely melodious raga. It can create extreme and unparalleled emotional impact. It is said to evoke feeling of sadness, longing and romance to listeners. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on the notations used):
* ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₂ S M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa : Ṡ D₁ N₂ P M₁ P G₂ R₂ S
This scale uses the notes chatusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, kaisiki nishadham.

## Compositions in Carnatic music

* Chandra chuda shiva shankara parvati by Purandara Dasa
* Govardhana Giridhara by Narayana Teerthar
* Nee ninaindhal by Periyasaami Thooran
* Pâdodhi Kanyakâm by Kalyani Varadarajan
* Devan ke pati Indra by Swathi Thirunal
* Tum aur fareeb khaow by Farida Khanum
* Hari Tum Haro by Mirabai
* Thillana by Lalgudi Jayaraman
* Thillana by S. Kalyanaraman

## Film songs
### Language: Tamil

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
| Maravai Puthainthavodu | Thiruneelakantar | Papanasam Sivan | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar |
| Mullai Malar Mele | Uthama Puthiran | G. Ramanathan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Azhagu Dheivam | Pesum Dheivam | K. V. Mahadevan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Chinna Siriya Vannaparavai | Kungumam | K. V. Mahadevan | T. M. Soundararajan, S. Janaki |
| Nee Varavillaiyenil Aadharavedhu | Mangaiyar Thilakam | Susarla Dakshinamurthi | M. Sathyam |
| Bagavaane Mounam Eno | Rambaiyin Kaadhal | T. R. Pappa | Seerkazhi Govindarajan |
| Pon Enben Siru | Policekaran Magal | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki |
| Naanichivandhana | Karnan (1964 film) | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | Thiruchi Loganathan |
| Vasanthathil Orr Naal | Moondru Dheivangal | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela |
| Thiruppugazhai Pada Pada | Gowri Kalyanam | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Susheela |
| Kelviyin Nayagane | Apoorva Raagangal | M. S. Viswanathan | Vani Jairam |
| Indha Pachaikillikoru | Needhikku Thalaivanangu | M. S. Viswanathan | K. J. Yesudas, S. Varalakshmi |
| Kanavugale Aayiram | Needhikku Thalaivanangu | M. S. Viswanathan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Maruthamalai Maamaniye | Dheivam | Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan | Madurai Somu |
| Isaimedaiyil Intha Velayil | Ilamai Kaalangal | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Vidhaitha Vidhai | Ethanai Konam Ethanai Parvai | Illayaraja | Deepan Chakravarthy, B. S. Sasirekha |
| Kalyana Thennila | Mounam Sammadham | Illayaraja | K.J. Yesudas, K.S. Chitra |
| Poomaalai Vaangi Vanthaan | Sindhu Bhairavi | Illayaraja | K.J. Yesudas |
| Agaya Vennilavey | Arangetra Velai | Illayaraja | K.J. Yesudas, Uma Ramanan |
| Marugo Marugo | Sathileelavathi | Illayaraja | Kamal Haasan, K.S. Chitra |
| Mannava Mannava | Walter Vetrivel | Illayaraja | Sunandha |
| Velli Nilave | Nandhavana Theru | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Uma Ramanan |
| Enakku Piditha Paadal (Jonpuri Traces) | Julie Ganapathi | Illayaraja | Vijay Yesudas, Shreya Ghoshal |
| Aasaigalo Oru Kodi | Arthangal Ayiram | Shankar–Ganesh | S. Janaki |
| Antha Indira Logame | Ponnu Pidichirukku | Chandrabose | S. Janaki |
| Pudhu Vellai Mazhai | Roja | A. R. Rahman | Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan |
| Kaatre En Vasal | Rhythm | A. R. Rahman | P. Unnikrishnan, Kavita Krishnamurthy |
| Kelamal Kaiyile | Azhagiya Tamil Magan | A. R. Rahman | Sriram Parthasarathy, Saindhavi |
| Oru Deivam Thantha Poove | Kannathil Muthamittal | A. R. Rahman | P. Jayachandran, Chinmayi |
| Thenmerku Paruva Kaatru | Karuththamma | A. R. Rahman | P. Unnikrishnan, K.S. Chitra, Vikram |
| Naane Varugiren | Ok Kanmani | A. R. Rahman | Sathya Prakash, Shashaa Tirupati |
| Veera Raja Veera (has more of Adana (Raga; also has a little bit of Anandi Kalyan and Hamir) | Ponniyin Selvan: II | A. R. Rahman | Shankar Mahadevan, K S Chitra & Harini |
| Atri Thingal | Sivappathigaram | Vidyasagar | Madhu Balakrishnan, Sujatha Mohan |
| Orey Manam | Villain (2002 film) | Vidyasagar | Hariharan, Chandana Bala Kalyan |
| Malaikaatru vanthu | Vedham | Vidyasagar | Hariharan, Mahalakshmi Iyer |
| Nee Kaatru Naan Maram | Nilaave Vaa | Vidyasagar | Hariharan, K.S. Chitra |
| Malare Mounama | Karnaa | Vidyasagar | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Thenamara Thoopukulle | Therku Theru Machan | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Eppadi Eppadi | Indhu | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Tajmahale | Periya Thambi | Deva | Hariharan, Anuradha Sriram |
| Paatha Kolusu Saththam | Shenbhagam | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Thalaiva Naan | Gandhi Pirantha Mann | Deva | Kuzhandhai Velu, S. Janaki |
| Vinnothaney | Thennavan | Yuvan Shankar Raja | Srinivas, Mahalakshmi Iyer |
| Pookal Pookum | Madrasapattinam | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Roop Kumar Rathod, Harini, Andrea Jeremiah, and G. V. Prakash Kumar |
| Azhagu | Saivam | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Uthara Unnikrishnan(National Award for Best Female playback singer) |
| Manasellam Mazhaiye | Saguni | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Sonu Nigam, Saindhavi & G. V. Prakash Kumar |
| Uyirin Uyire | Thaandavam | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Saindhavi, G. V. Prakash Kumar, Sathya Prakash nu Nigam]], Saindhavi & G. V. Prakash Kumar |
| Netru Varai | Siren | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Sid Sriram |
| Kuzhanthaikku Pasiyeduthal | Mani Rathnam | Sirpy | Arunmozhi, Sujatha Mohan |
| Chillendru | Ezhumalai | Mani Sharma | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan |
| Uyire Uyire | Sollividava | Jassie Gift | G. V. Prakash Kumar |
| Velli Nilavae | Eeswaran | S. Thaman | ML Gayatri |

### Language: Hindi

| Song | Movie | Composer | Artists |
| Duniya Bananewale | Ziddi (1964 film) | S. D. Burman | Manna Dey |
| Mitava Laut Aye Ri | Sangeet Samrat Tansen | S. N. Tripathi | Manna Dey |
| Ud Ja Bhanwar Maya Kamal Ka | Rani Roopmati (1959 film) | S. N. Tripathi | Manna Dey |
| Dil Jalta Hai To Jalane De | Pahali nazar (1945 film) | Anil Biswas (composer) | Mukesh (singer) |
| Nainheen Ko Raah Dikha Prabhu | Bhakta Surdas | Gyan Dutt | Mukesh (singer) |
| Teri Duniya Mein Dil Lagta Nahin | Bawre Nain | Roshan (music director) | Mukesh (singer) |
| Woh Mohabbat Woh Wafhayen | Noor Jehan (film) | Roshan (music director) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Kitna Hasin Hai Mausam | Azaad (1955 film) | C. Ramchandra | Lata Mangeshkar & C. Ramchandra |
| Daiya Re Daiya Laj Mohe Lage | Leader (1964 film) | Naushad | Asha Bhosle |
| Duniya Badal Gayi | Babul (1950 film) | Naushad | Talat Mahmood & Shamshad Begum |
| Guzre Hain Aaj Ishq Men | Dil Diya Dard Liya | Naushad | Mohammed Rafi |
| Kabhi Dil Dil Se Takarata To Hoga | Anokhi Ada (1948 film) | Naushad | Shamshad Begum |
| Mohabbat Ki Jhuti Kahani Pe Roye | Mughal-e-Azam | Naushad | Lata Mangeshkar |
| O Duniya Ke Rakhwale | Baiju Bawra (film) | Naushad | Mohammed Rafi |
| Sargam | Baiju Bawra (film) | Naushad | Amir Khan (singer) |
| Tumse Hi Ghar Ghar Kahalaya | Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan | Sudhir Phadke | Mukesh (singer) |
| Ab Mori Vinti Suno Bhagwaan | Taj(1956 film) | Hemant Kumar | Mohammed Rafi |
| Ab Kahan Jayen Ham | Ujala (film) | Shankar–Jaikishan | Manna Dey |
| Ham Tujh Se Muhabbat Kar Ke | Awaara | Shankar–Jaikishan | Mukesh (singer) |
| Jhanak Jhanak Tori Baje Payeliya | Mere Huzoor | Shankar–Jaikishan | Manna Dey |
| Koi Matwala Ayaa Mere Dware | Love in Tokyo | Shankar–Jaikishan | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Tu Pyar Ka Sagar Hai | Seema (1955 film) | Shankar–Jaikishan | Manna Dey & Chorus |
| Sarfaroshi Ki Tammana | Shaheed (1965 film) | Prem Dhawan | Mohammed Rafi & Manna Dey & Rajendra Mehta |
| Agar Mujhse Muhobbat Hai | Aap Ki Parchhaiyan | Madan Mohan (composer) | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Basti Basti Parbat Parbat | Railway Platform (film) | Madan Mohan (composer) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Main Nigahen Tere Chehare se | Aap Ki Parchhaiyan | Madan Mohan (composer) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Tere Dar Pe Ayaa Hun | Laila Majnu (1976 film) | Madan Mohan (composer) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Tuthe Hue Khvabon Ne | Madhumati | Salil Chowdhury | Mohammed Rafi |
| Raha Gardishon Men Haradam | Do Badan | Ravi (composer) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Tora Man Darpan Kahalay | Kaajal | Ravi (composer) | Asha Bhosle |
| Chandi Ki Divar Na Todi | Vishwas (film) | Kalyanji–Anandji | Mukesh (singer) |
| Tumhe Zindagi Ke Ujale Mubarak | Purnima (film) | Kalyanji–Anandji | Mukesh (singer) |
| Suhani Chaandni Raaten Hamen Sone Nahin Deti | Mukti (1977 film) | Laxmikant–Pyarelal | Mukesh (singer) |
| Satyam Shivam Sundaram | Satyam Shivam Sundaram | Laxmikant–Pyarelal | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Mere Mehboob Shayad Aaj Kuchh | Kitne Paas Kitne Door (1976 film) | Chand Pardesi | Chandrani Mukherjee |
| Ham Tum Se Juda Ho Ke | Ek Sapera Ek Lutera(1965 film) | Usha Khanna | Mohammed Rafi |
| Pag Ghoongroo Bandh Meera Naachi Thi | Namak Halaal | Bappi Lahiri | Kishore Kumar |
| Dekha Hai Pehli Baar | Saajan | Nadeem–Shravan | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & Alka Yagnik |
| Bahut Pyaar Karte Hai | Saajan | Nadeem–Shravan | Anuradha Paudwal & S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Shairana Si Hai Zindagi Ki Faza | Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee | Anu Malik | Alka Yagnik |
| Har Taraf Har Jagah | Saaya | Anu Malik | Shreya Ghoshal, Kunal Ganjawala |
| Jogi Aaya | Black & White (2008 Hindi film) | Sukhwinder Singh | Sukhwinder Singh & Sadhana Sargam |
| Tu Jo Nahin Hai to Kuch Bhi Nahin Hai | Woh Lamhe... | Pritam | Glenn John |

### Language: Malayalam

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
| Aalapanam | Ente Sooryaputhrikku | Illayaraja | K.S. Chitra, K.J. Yesudas, P. Susheela |
| Ariyathe Ariyathe | Ravanaprabhu | Suresh Peters | K.S. Chitra, P. Jayachandran |
| Aayiram Padasarangal | Nadi | G. Devarajan | K. J. Yesudas |
| Azhake | Amaram | Raveendran | K.S. Chitra, K.J. Yesudas |
| Idayaraaga | Uncle Bun | Raveendran | K.S. Chitra, K.J. Yesudas |
| Dukhame | Pushpanjali | M. K. Arjunan | K. J. Yesudas |
| Ponnil Kulichu Ninnu | Sallapam | Johnson | K. S. Chitra, K. J. Yesudas |
| Thoomanjin Nenchilothungi | Samooham | Johnson | K.J. Yesudas |
| Sindhoorappoo Manassil | Gamanam | Bichu Thirumala | K. S. Chitra, K. J. Yesudas |
| Shivadam Shivanamam | Mazhavillu | Mohan Sithara | M.G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra |
| Thamara Noolinal | Mullavalliyum Thenmavum | Ousepachan | G. Venugopal, Gayatri Asokan |

### Language: Telugu

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
| Pavana Guna Rama | Bhakta Potana | V. Nagayya | V. Nagayya |
| Sivasankari Sivanandalahari | Jagadeka Veeruni Katha | Pendyala Nageswara Rao | Ghantasala |
| Namo Bhootanatha | Satya Harishchandra (1965 Telugu film) | Pendyala (composer) | Ghantasala (musician) & S. Varalakshmi |
| Aanati Kaavalena gaanaaniki samayamu | Amara Sandesam(1954 film) | K.Prasada Rao & Kelkar | |
| Nee Kougililo Taladachi Nee Chetulalo Kanumoosi | Karthika Deepam (film) | Satyam (composer) | P. Susheela |
| Sri Hanuman Gurudev Charanamulu | Hanuman Chalisa in Telugu | M. S. Ramarao | M. S. Ramarao |