# List of compositions by Philip Glass

The following is a list of compositions by Philip Glass.

## Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble

* 600 Lines (1967)
* How Now for ensemble (also for piano, 1968)
* Music in Fifths (1969)
* Music in Similar Motion (1969)
* Music with Changing Parts (1970, recorded 1973)
* Music in Twelve Parts (1971–1974)
* Another Look at Harmony, Parts 1 and 2 (1975)
* North Star (1977)
* Dance (Dance 1, 3 and 5, 1979, with Lucinda Childs and Sol LeWitt)
* Glassworks (1981)
* A Descent into the Maelstrom (based on the short story by Edgar Allan Poe, 1985)
* Orion (2004)
* Los Paisajes del Rio (2008)

## Operas

* Einstein on the Beach for the Philip Glass Ensemble (1975–1976, with Robert Wilson)
* Satyagraha (1978–1979, premiered in 1980, libretto by Constance DeJong)
* Akhnaten (1983, libretto by Philip Glass and Shalom Goldman)
* The Civil Wars: A Tree Is Best Measured When It Is Down, Act V – The Rome Section (1983, with Robert Wilson, libretto by Robert Wilson and Maita di Niscemi, including texts by Seneca the Younger)
* The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (1985–1986, premiered in 1988, libretto by Doris Lessing, after her fourth novel from Canopus in Argos)
* The Voyage (1990, premiered in 1992, libretto by David Henry Hwang)
* White Raven (1991, premiered as O Corvo Branco in 1998, with Robert Wilson, libretto by Luísa Costa Gomes)
* The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four, and Five (1997, libretto by Doris Lessing, after her second novel from Canopus in Argos)
* Galileo Galilei (2002, libretto by Mary Zimmerman and Arnold Weinstein)
* Waiting for the Barbarians for voices, chorus and orchestra (2005, after the novel by J. M. Coetzee)
* Appomattox (2007, libretto by Christopher Hampton)
* Kepler (2009, libretto by Martina Winkel, including texts by Johannes Kepler and Andreas Gryphius)
* The Perfect American (2011, based on the book about Walt Disney by Peter Stephan Jungk, premiered at the Teatro Real, Madrid, on January 22, 2013)
* Spuren der Verirrten (The Lost) (2013, Libretto in German adapted by Rainer Mennicken after the play Spuren der Verirrten by Peter Handke, premiered 12 April 2013 at the Musiktheater Linz [de], Austria)
* Circus Days and Nights (2021. Librettists David Henry Hwang and circus director Tilde Björfors based on a collection of poems by American poet Robert Lax. Premiered on Malmö Opera‘s main stage with live music to a live audience and livestreamed worldwide May 29, 2021, thru June 13, 2021.)

## Chamber operas, music theatre

* A Madrigal Opera for six voices, violin and viola (1980)
* The Photographer for soloists, chorus and orchestra (1982, based on the life of Eadweard Muybridge)
* The Juniper Tree (1984, with Robert Moran, libretto by Arthur Yorinks)
* The Fall of the House of Usher (libretto by Arthur Yorinks after the short story by Edgar Allan Poe, 1987)
* 1000 Airplanes on the Roof for voice and ensemble (text by David Henry Hwang, 1988)
* Hydrogen Jukebox for voices and ensemble (libretto by Allen Ginsberg, 1990)
* Orphée for voices and chamber orchestra (1991, after the film by Jean Cocteau and premiered in 1993)
* La Belle et la Bête for voices and the Philip Glass Ensemble or chamber orchestra (1994, after the film by Jean Cocteau)
* Les Enfants terribles (1996), Dance Opera for voices and three pianos (1996, after Jean Cocteau's 1929 novel and the 1950 film by Jean-Pierre Melville)
* The Witches of Venice, children's opera-ballet (1997)
* Monsters of Grace, chamber opera for the Philip Glass Ensemble (1998, with 3D digital footage directed by Robert Wilson, libretto from works of Jalaluddin Rumi)
* In the Penal Colony for voices and string quintet (2000, libretto after the short story by Franz Kafka)
* The Sound of a Voice for voices and chamber ensemble including a pipa (2003, libretto by David Henry Hwang)
* The Trial (2014, for voices and chamber orchestra; libretto by Christopher Hampton, based on the novel by Franz Kafka)

## Works for solo piano or electric organ

* How Now for piano or electric organ (1968)
* Two Pages for piano or electric organ (1968)
* Music in Contrary Motion for electric organ (1969)
* Another Look at Harmony, Part 3 for electric organ (1975)
* Knee Play 4 for piano (1975, from Einstein on the Beach)
* Modern Love Waltz for piano (piano version of Fourth Series, Part Three, 1978)
* Mad Rush for piano or electric organ (originally Fourth Series, Part Four, 1979)
* Opening for piano (1981, from Glassworks)
* The Olympian for piano (1984)
* Cadenza for Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 21 (K. 467, 1786) (1987)
* Wichita Vortex Sutra for piano (1988, later included in Hydrogen Jukebox)
* Metamorphosis for piano (1988, see album Solo Piano)
* The French Lieutenant Sleeps from The Screens for piano (1989)
* Night on the Balcony from The Screens for piano (or harpsichord, 1989)
* Tesra for piano (1993)
* 12 Pieces for Ballet for piano (1993)
* Etudes for piano, Volume 1 (1994 and earlier)
* The Joyful Moment for piano (1998)
* Truman Sleeps (1998, from the film The Truman Show)
* Dreaming Awake for piano (2003, written and recorded by Glass as a benefit for Jewel Heart)
* A Musical Portrait of Chuck Close, two movements for piano (2005, Etudes 11 and 12 of Volume 2)
* Etudes for piano, Volume 2 (1994 and 2012)
* Distant Figure – Passacaglia (2017)
* First Piano Sonata (2019)
* Prelude for Organ (2025)

## Works for solo piano, arranged by others from various sources

* Trilogy Sonata for piano (1975/1979/1983, from Einstein, Sathyagraha and Akhnaten, arranged by Paul Barnes in 2001)
* Closing from "Mishima" for piano (1984, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Anima Mundi for piano (1991, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Selections from "A Brief History of Time" for piano (1991, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* The Orphée Suite for piano (1991, transcribed by Paul Barnes in 2000)
* Candyman: Helen's Theme and more for piano (1992, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Overture from La Belle et la Bête for piano (1994, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Jenipapo: No. 14 for piano (1995, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Epilogue from Monsters of Grace for piano (1998, transcribed by Paul Barnes in 2001)
* Dracula for piano (1998, transcribed by Michael Riesman in 2007)
* Naqoyqatsi: Primacy of Number for piano (2002, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* The Fog of War for piano (2002, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Music from the Hours for piano (2002/2003, transcribed by Michael Riesman and Nico Muhly)
* Concerto No. 2 "After Lewis and Clark" for piano (2004, transcribed by Paul Barnes)
* Neverwas Set for piano (2005, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* "Life in the Mountains" from "The Illusionist" for piano (2006, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Notes on a Scandal: I knew her for piano (2006, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* No Reservations Combine for piano (2007, transcribed by Michael Riesman)
* Prophecies from Koyaanisqatsi for piano (2015, transcribed by Anton Batagov)

## Works for two or more pianos

* In Again Out Again for two pianos (1967)
* Six Scenes from Les Enfants Terribles for two pianos (1996, transcribed by Maki Namekawa and Dennis Russell Davies)
* Four Movements for Two Pianos (2008)
* Two Movements for Four Pianos (2013)

## String quartets

* String Quartet No. 1 (1966)
* String Quartet No. 2 Company (1984, composed for a dramatization of Samuel Beckett's novella)
* String Quartet No. 3 Mishima (1985)
* String Quartet No. 4 Buczak (1989, dedicated to Brian Buczak and commissioned by Geoffrey Hendricks)
* String Quartet No. 5 (1991)
* Bent for String Quartet (1997)
* Dracula for string quartet (or piano and string quartet) (1998, music for the 1931 film)
* String Quartet No. 6 (2013)
* String Quartet No. 7 (2014)
* String Quartet No. 8 (2018)
* King Lear (music for the Broadway production) (2019)
* String Quartet No. 9 King Lear (2022)

## Chamber music (other than string quartets)

* Brass Sextet (1962–1964)
* Play for two saxophones (1965, music for Samuel Beckett's play)
* Music for Ensemble and Two Actresses for wind sextet and two speakers (1965)
* Head On for violin, cello and piano (1967)
* Music in the Shape of a Square for two flutes (1967)
* Two Down for two saxophones (1967)
* Best Out of Three for three clarinets (1968)
* Music in Eight Parts for two soprano saxophones, viola, cello and three electric organs (1969)
* Fourth Series Part Three for violin and clarinet (1978)
* Opening from Glassworks for piano, cello and percussion (1981)
* Façades, for two saxophones (or flute and clarinet) and string ensemble (1981)
* Prelude to Endgame for timpani and double bass (1984, for the play by Samuel Beckett)
* Music from The Screens for chamber ensemble (1989/1991, from a collaboration with Foday Musa Suso)
* Passages for chamber ensemble (1990, from a collaboration with Ravi Shankar)
* The Orchard (from The Screens) for cello and piano (plus optional percussion) (1989)
* Love Divided By for flute and piano (1992)
* In the Summer House for violin and cello (1993, music for the play by Jane Bowles)
* Saxophone Quartet (1995; also orchestral version, see § For multiple soloists)
* Tissues (from Naqoyqatsi) for cello, percussion and piano (2002)
* Taoist Sacred Dance for piano and flute (2003)
* Music from The Sound of a Voice for flute, pipa, violin, cello and percussion (2003)
* Sonata for Violin and Piano (2008)
* Duo for Viola & Percussion (2009)
* Pendulum, movement for violin and piano (2010)
* Duos for violin and cello (2010–11, arranged from Double Concerto for Violin and Cello)
* Annunciation, piano quintet for two violins, viola, cello, and piano (2018)
* Perpetulum, percussion quartet (2019)

## Chamber music (other than string quartets), arranged by others

* The Windcatcher for saxophone sextet (1992/2002, arranged from 'Love Divided By' by Nico Muhly)
* String Sextet (1995/2009, adapted from Symphony No.3 by Michael Riesman)

## Works for solo instruments (other than piano)

* Strung Out for amplified violin (1967)
* Gradus for soprano saxophone (1968)
* Arabesque in Memoriam for flute (1988)
* France from The Screens for violin (1989)
* Melodies for saxophone (1995)
* Songs and Poems No. 1 for Solo Cello (2005–2007)
* Songs and Poems No. 2 for Solo Cello (2010)
* Partita for Solo Violin (2010–2011)
* Orbit for solo cello, for Yo-Yo Ma and Lil Buck, April 2, 2013, (Le) Poisson Rouge, Manhattan
* Partita for Solo Double Bass (The Not Doings of an Insomniac) (2015)

## Symphonies

* Symphony No. 1 (1992) based on Low by David Bowie
* Symphony No. 2 (1994)
* Symphony No. 3 (1995) for string orchestra
* Symphony No. 4 (1996) based on "Heroes" by David Bowie
* Symphony No. 5 (1999) Requiem, Bardo, Nirmanakaya for soloists, chorus and orchestra
* Symphony No. 6 (2002) Plutonian Ode for soprano and orchestra
* Symphony No. 7 (2005) Toltec for chorus and orchestra
* Symphony No. 8 (2005)
* Symphony No. 9 (2011)
* Symphony No. 10 (2012)
* Symphony No. 11 (2017)
* Symphony No. 12 (2019) based on Lodger by David Bowie
* Symphony No. 13 (2022)
* Symphony No. 14 (2021) Liechtenstein Suite for string orchestra

## Other works for orchestra

* Piece for Chamber Orchestra (1965)
* Music in Similar Motion for chamber orchestra (1969, orch. in 1981)
* Company for string orchestra (1983; orchestral version of String Quartet No. 2 Company (1983), see String quartets)
* Glass Pieces for orchestra (1983, orchestral versions of "Funeral" from Akhnaten and Floe and Façades, for Jerome Robbins' ballet)
* Prelude and Dance from Akhnaten for orchestra (1983)
* the CIVIL warS – the Cologne Section for orchestra with optional mixed chorus (1984)
* Two Interludes from the CIVIL warS – the Rome Section for orchestra (1984)
* Runaway Horses from Mishima for string orchestra and harp (1985)
* In the Upper Room for chamber orchestra (1986, music for Twyla Tharp's dance piece)
* Phaedra for string orchestra and percussion (1986)
* The Light, a Symphonic Portrait for orchestra (1987)
* The Canyon, a Dramatic Episode for orchestra (1988)
* Passages for chamber orchestra (1990, a collaboration with Ravi Shankar)
* Mechanical Ballet from The Voyage for orchestra (1990)
* Suite from Orphée for chamber orchestra (1991, compiled by The Knights in 2013)
* Concerto Grosso for chamber orchestra (1992)
* Three Pieces from The Secret Agent for orchestra (1995)
* Days and Nights in Rocinha, Dance for orchestra (1997)
* DRA Fanfare for orchestra (1999)
* Dancissimo for orchestra (2001)
* Icarus at the Edge of Time for narrator and orchestra (2010)
* Harmonium Mountain for orchestra (2011)
* Black and White Scherzo for orchestra (2011, movement 6 of Symphony No.10)
* Overture 2012 for orchestra (2012)
* King Lear Overture for orchestra (2019)
* Alice ballet for orchestra (2022)
* Triumph of the Octagon for orchestra (2023)

## Works for orchestra, orchestrated by others

* Modern Love Waltz for chamber orchestra (1978, orch. by Robert Moran in 1979)
* The Thin Blue Line for string orchestra (1988, arr. by Michael Riesman)
* Overture to La Belle et la Bête for string orchestra and piano (1994, arr. by Michael Riesman)
* Life: A Journey Through Time in seven sections for orchestra (2006, orch. by Michael Riesman, from The Secret Agent, Les Enfants Terribles, Dracula and other works, for the visuals by Frans Lanting)
* Overture from La Belle et la Bête for string orchestra (2007, arr. by Viktor Kopytko [ru])
* Four Pieces from "Dracula" for string orchestra and piano (2007, arr. by Viktor Kopytko)

## Other works for orchestra, with chorus and solo voices

* Koyaanisqatsi: Life out of balance for chorus, ensemble and orchestra (1982, performance version 2009)
* The Olympian: Lighting of the Torch and Closing for orchestra and chorus (1984)
* Itaipu, a symphonic portrait for chorus and orchestra in four movements (1989)
* Persephone (T.S.E.) for orchestra and chorus (1994, music for a theatre work by Robert Wilson)
* Songs of Milarepa for baritone and chamber orchestra (1997)
* Psalm 126 for orchestra and chorus (1998)
* The Passion of Ramakrishna for chorus and orchestra (2006)

## Concerti and other works for solo instruments and orchestra
### For piano

* Piano Concerto No. 1 Tirol, for piano and string orchestra (2000)
* Piano Concerto No. 2 After Lewis and Clark, for piano, Native American flute, and orchestra (2004)
* Piano Concerto No. 3, for piano and string orchestra (2017)

### For violin

* Concerto for Violin and Orchestra No. 1 (1987)
* Echorus for two violins and string orchestra (1995, version of the Etude No. 2 for piano)
* Concerto for Violin and Orchestra No. 2, "The American Four Seasons" (2009)

### For cello

* Concerto for Cello and Orchestra No.1 (2001)
* Concerto for Cello and Orchestra No. 2 Naqoyqatsi (2002/2012)

### For harpsichord

* Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra (2002)

### For multiple soloists

* Façades for two saxophones (or flutes) and string orchestra (1981)
* Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra (1995)
* Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra (2000)
* Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (2010)
* Double Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (2015)

## Works for solo instruments and orchestra, arranged or orchestrated by others

* Closing from "Glassworks" for piano and string orchestra (1981, arr. by Michael Riesman)
* Passages for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra (1989, three movements arranged in 2001 by Dennis Russell Davies)
* Dracula: Suite for string orchestra and piano (1998, arr. by Michael Riesman, 2007)
* Suite from The Hours for piano, strings, harp and celeste (2002, arr. in 2003 by Michael Riesman of Glass's music for the film The Hours)
* Orphée Suite from the opera Orphée for flute, strings and percussion (2017, arr. by James Strauss)
* Flute Concerto for flute and orchestra – transcription from Violin Concerto n. 1 (2017 arr. by James Strauss)

## Vocal works

* Music for Voices (1970)
* Hebeve Song for soprano, clarinet and bassoon (1982)
* Songs from Liquid Days for voices and ensemble (texts by Paul Simon, Suzanne Vega, David Byrne and Laurie Anderson, 1985)
* De Cie for four voices (1988)
* Ignorant Sky, Song (1995, for Suzanne Vega)
* The Streets of Berlin, Song (1997, for Mick Jagger)
* Planctus, Song for voice and piano (1997, for Natalie Merchant)
* In the Night Kitchen for voices and chamber ensemble (2005, text by Maurice Sendak)
* Book of Longing for solo voices and chamber ensemble (2007, texts by Leonard Cohen)

## Works for chorus

* Haze Gold for chorus (1962, text by Carl Sandburg)
* A Clear Midnight for chorus (early 1960s, text by Carl Sandburg)
* Spring Grass for chorus (early 1960s, text by Carl Sandburg)
* Another Look at Harmony, Part IV for chorus and organ (1977)
* Three Songs for chorus a cappella (1984, texts by Leonard Cohen, Octavio Paz and Raymond Lévesque)

## Works for organ

* Dance No. 2 for organ (originally Fourth Series, Part Two, 1978)
* Dance No. 4 for organ (1979)
* Mad Rush for organ (originally Fourth Series Part Four, 1979)
* Voices for organ, didgeridoo and narrator (2001)
* Prelude for organ (2025)

## Music for the theatre

Incidental music for stage works:
* Play (Samuel Beckett, 1965)
* The Red Horse Animation (Lee Breuer, 1968)
* The Lost Ones (Beckett, 1975)
* Cascando (Beckett, 1975)
* The Saint and the Football Player (Thibeau and Breuer, 1975)
* Dressed Like an Egg (for Mabou Mines, 1977)
* Cold Harbor (Dale Worsley and Bill Raymond, 1983)
* Company (Beckett, 1984)
* Endgame (Beckett, 1984)
* Worstward Ho (Beckett, 1986)
* The Screens (Jean Genet, 1990, with Foday Musa Suso)
* Cymbeline (Shakespeare, 1991)
* Henry IV, Parts One and Two (Shakespeare, 1992)
* In the Summer House (Jane Bowles, 1993)
* Woyzeck (Georg Büchner, 1993)
* The Elephant Man (2001)
* Beckett Shorts (Beckett, 2007)
* The Bacchae (Euripides, 2008)
* The Crucible (Arthur Miller, 2016)
* King Lear (Shakespeare, 2019)

## Dance scores

* Dance (1979, with Lucinda Childs and Sol LeWitt, see works Ensemble and Organ)
* Glass Pieces (1983, for Jerome Robbins, see orchestral works)
* In the Upper Room (1986, for Twyla Tharp, see orchestral works)
* Music for Mysteries and What's So Funny (1991, for David Gordon)
* Heroes Symphony (1996, short version of Symphony No. 4, for Twyla Tharp)

## Film and television scores

* Chappaqua (Conrad Rooks, 1966, music by Ravi Shankar, Glass as music supervisor)
* Inquiring Nuns (Gordon Quinn, 1968)
* North Star: Mark di Suvero, Sculptor (François de Menil and Barbara Rose) (1977)
* Sesame Street Cues (1979) [ASCAP Title Code: 498083802]
* Godfrey Reggio's trilogy Koyaanisqatsi (1982), Powaqqatsi (1988) and Naqoyqatsi (2002)
* Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (Paul Schrader, 1985)
* Hamburger Hill (John Irvin, 1987)
* The Thin Blue Line (Errol Morris, 1988)
* Mindwalk (Bernt Amadeus Capra, 1990)
* A Brief History of Time (Errol Morris, 1991) (biopic based on Stephen Hawking's popular physics book)
* Anima Mundi (Godfrey Reggio, 1992)
* Candyman (Bernard Rose, 1992) (based on Clive Barker's short story, The Forbidden)
* Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh (Bill Condon, 1995)
* Jenipapo (Monique Gardenberg, including a song written for Suzanne Vega, 1995)
* The Secret Agent (Christopher Hampton, 1996)
* Bent (Sean Mathias, 1997)
* Kundun (Martin Scorsese, 1997) (Academy Award nomination)
* The Truman Show (Peter Weir, 1998) (three original tracks, as well as material from Powaqqatsi, Anima Mundi and Mishima)
* Dracula (1998) (re-release of Tod Browning's 1931 film starring Bela Lugosi)
* Shorts (Michal Rovner, Shirin Neshat, Peter Greenaway and Atom Egoyan, 2001)
* The Baroness and the Pig (Michael Mackenzie, 2002)
* The Hours (Stephen Daldry, 2002) (Academy Award nomination, BAFTA win)
* The Fog of War (Errol Morris, 2003) (an interview of Robert McNamara, former U.S. Secretary of Defense)
* Going Upriver: The Long War of John Kerry (George Butler, 2004)
* Secret Window (David Koepp, 2004)
* Taking Lives (D.J. Caruso, 2004)
* Undertow (David Gordon Green, 2004)
* Neverwas (Joshua Michael Stern, 2005)
* Night Stalker (2005, theme music)
* The Reaping (Stephen Hopkins, 2006) (rejected)
* Chaotic Harmony (Sat Chuen Hon, 2006)
* Roving Mars (George Butler, 2006)
* The Illusionist (Neil Burger, 2006)
* A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash (Basil Gelpke and Ray McCormack, 2006)
* Notes on a Scandal (Richard Eyre, 2006) (Academy Award nomination)
* No Reservations (Scott Hicks, 2007)
* Cassandra's Dream (Woody Allen, 2007)
* Les Animaux amoureux [fr] (Laurent Charbonnier [fr], 2007)
* Transcendent Man (Barry Ptolemy, 2009)
* Rebirth (Jim Whitaker, 2010)
* Mr. Nice (Bernard Rose, 2010)
* Astral City: A Spiritual Journey (Wagner de Assis, 2010)
* Icarus at the End of Time (2010)
* Elena (Andrey Zvyagintsev, 2011)
* They Were There (Errol Morris, 2011)
* Visitors (Godfrey Reggio, 2013)
* Fantastic Four (Josh Trank, 2015)
* Jane (Brett Morgen, 2017)
* Samurai Marathon (Bernard Rose, 2019)
* Tales from the Loop (Amazon Original, 2020)
* Once Within a Time (Godfrey Reggio, 2023)

## Arrangements

* Icct Hedral for orchestra (1995, from the electronic track by Aphex Twin)
* Sound of Silence for piano (2005, from the song by Paul Simon)

## Other works

* One Plus One for amplified tabletop (1967)
* Long Beach Island, Word Location (1969, sculpture, a collaboration with Richard Serra)
* The Late Great Johnny Ace, coda to the song from Paul Simon's Hearts and Bones (1983)
* Pink Noise, acoustic installation (1987, with Richard Serra)
* Brown Piano, Martingala, Double Rhythm, Boogie Mood, Sax, Variation: alarm bleeps for Swatch wristwatches (1994, some with Jean-Michel Jarre)
* Aguas da Amazonia (arranged and performed by Uakti from 12 Pieces for Ballet, 1993/1999)
* Spoleto Fanfare (2006), for carillon