OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yusuf Ahmed Hagar Dabageed

Yusuf Ahmed Hagar (Dabageed) (Somali: Yuusuf Axmed Xagar Dabageed) is a Somali politician and current Vice President of Hirshabelle State. He was governor of the Hiran region of Somalia. He supports the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), and was militarily supported by Ethiopia in the War in Somalia (2006–2009).

## Flees Beledweyn

On 13 August 2006, after resisting for a few days, regional governor Yusuf Ahmed Hagar (also known as Yusuf Mohamud Hagar and "Dabageed"), was deposed by the Islamic Courts Union and fled to Ethiopia to regroup his forces.

## Advances with Ethiopians

On December 18, Ethiopian troops were reported occupying Ballanballe in Galgadud province. On the same day another group of Ethiopian troops departed Hiran province, central Somali, accompanied by militias loyal to former defeated warlords Mohammed Dhere and Dabageed.

## Battle of Beledweyne

Dabageed was returned to power after the success of the Ethiopian-backed invasion of Hiran province, culminating in the Battle of Beledweyne, fought on December 24–25, 2006.
After the battle, Yusuf Dabageed said, "We have taken control of Baladweyne and our forces are chasing the terrorists. We have killed more than 60 Islamists, wounded others and captured some as prisoners of war." Following their defeat in Baladweyne, leaders of the Islamic courts called on the Ethiopian troops to withdraw.
Dabageed proclaimed the town of Beledweyne was liberated and it was again legal to chew khat. A truck filled with khat arriving the next day, on December 26, was met with a burst of cheers.

## Reprisals in Hiran

In an effort to head off additional bloodshed, Yusuf Ahmed Hagar "Dabageed," returning governor of Hiran, called for an end of three days of reprisals conducted by men loyal to him and the TFG. He urged an end to the hunting for former members of the Islamist militias offered assurances that those who were now mingled with the rest of the population would not be hurt or killed.

## Replaced by President Yusuf

On 1 January 2007, Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed declared a new administrator for Hiiran region, replacing Dabageed. Hussein Mohamud Moalim was named as new administrator, and Saleyman Ahmed Hilawle was nominated as assistant administrator.

## Vice President of Hirshabelle

On 11 November 2020, Yusuf Ahmed Hagar was elected the Vice President of Hirshabelle, garnering 87 votes. His competitor, Mohamed Mohamud Abdulle, received only 12 votes.
# The Last Duel: A True Story of Crime, Scandal, and Trial by Combat in Medieval France

The Last Duel: A True Story of Crime, Scandal, and Trial by Combat in Medieval France is a 2004 book by American author Eric Jager about one of the last officially recognized judicial duels fought in France, fought by Jean de Carrouges dueled Jacques Le Gris in 1386 over the former's accusation that that latter had raped his wife Marguerite.

## Summary

The book begins with a depiction of the 29 December 1386 trial by combat (duel) in which the Norman knight Jean de Carrouges dueled Jacques Le Gris, at the time a squire. Carrouges had accused Le Gris of the forcible rape of his wife, Marguerite de Carrouges, née de Thibouville, some months before. He had gone to King Charles VI, seeking an appeal to the decision handed down by Count Pierre d'Alençon, who Carrouges believed favoured Le Gris. Whichever combatant was still alive at the end of the duel would be declared the winner, as a sign of God's will. If Jean de Carrouges had lost the duel, his wife would have been burned at the stake, as punishment for her false accusation.
In the centuries since Le Gris's death, the case has become an important cultural legend in France, and the guilt or innocence of its participants has been a source of great debate among historians and jurists.
Though this was the final judicial duel held in France, it was not the last legal duel. Subsequently authorised duels were not judicial duels deciding the guilt and innocence of the participants, but duels for honour to avenge an affront.
The last duel to be publicly authorised took place on 10 July 1547 at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye: it opposed Guy Chabot de Jarnac against François de Vivonne, following a request by Jarnac to King Henry II for permission to duel to regain his honour. Jarnac went on to win the duel after injuring Vivonne. Vivonne later died of the sword wounds inflicted by Jarnac during the duel.

## Adaptations

An abridged version of the book was read by Robert Glenister on BBC Radio 4 as Book of the Week between Monday 10 and Friday 14 January 2005.
The Last Duel, a drama documentary based on the book and including comments by Jager, was broadcast by BBC Four as part of a medieval-themed season on 24 April 2008.
In 2021, director Ridley Scott adapted the book into a film of the same name.
# Thermo Electron

Thermo Electron Corporation (NYSE: TMO) was a major provider of analytical instruments and services for a variety of domains. It was co-founded in 1956 by George N. Hatsopoulos, an MIT PhD in mechanical engineering, and Peter M. Nomikos, a Harvard Business School graduate, who provided initial funding.
After graduating from Northeastern University in 1959, John Hatsopoulos (brother of George) later joined the company as Financial Controller. Arvin Smith joined the company in 1970, and was President from January 1998.
On May 14, 2006, Thermo and Fisher Scientific announced that they would merge in a tax-free, stock-for-stock exchange. The merged company became Thermo Fisher Scientific. On November 9, 2006, the companies announced that the merger had been completed. However, the Federal Trade Commission ruled that this acquisition was anticompetitive with regard to centrifugal evaporators, requiring Fisher to divest Genevac. In April 2007, Genevac was sold to Riverlake Partners LLC and the merger closed with FTC approval.
In 2011, the aggregated company Thermo Fisher Scientific had revenues of over $11 billion, and employed 37,000 people.

## Products

* Zetatron, a high-voltage neutron generating vacuum tube
# Tony Martin

Anthony or Tony Martin may refer to:

## Education

* Tony Martin (professor) (1942–2013), professor at Wellesley College known for racial controversies in the early 1990s
* Donald A. Martin (born 1940), aka Tony Martin, set theorist at UCLA

## Film and television

* Tony Martin (American singer) (1913–2012), American actor and singer
* Tony Martin (comedian) (born 1964), New Zealand-Australian comedian and actor
* Tony Martin (Australian actor) (born 1953), Australian actor
* Anthony Martin (escape artist) (born 1966), escape artist
* Tony Martin, fictional character from the British situation comedy dinnerladies
* Anthony Martin, fictional character in the Just William stories

## Music

* Tony Martin (songwriter), country music songwriter
* Tony Martin (British singer) (born 1957), English musician, best known for his work with Black Sabbath
* Lutan Fyah (Anthony Martin, born 1975), Jamaican reggae artist

## Sports

* Tony Martin (cyclist) (born 1985), German cyclist
* Tony Martin (rugby league) (born 1978), Australian rugby league footballer
* Tony Martin (American football) (born 1965), retired National Football League receiver
* Tony Martin (darts player) (born 1981), English darts player
* Tony Martin (racing driver), South African sports car driver
* Tony Martin (rower) (1947–2005), American Olympic rower
* Tony Martin (fighter) (born 1989), mixed-martial artist
* Anthony Martin (basketball) (born 1980), British professional basketball player
* Anthony Martin (cricketer) (born 1982), West Indian cricketer
* Anthony Martin (footballer) (born 1989), French footballer
* Anthony Martin (water polo) (born 1985), Australian water polo player
* Anthony Martin (weightlifter) (born 1979), Australian weightlifter
* Anthony Martin (racing driver) (born 1995), Australian racing driver
* Anthony Rocco Martin (born 1989), American mixed martial artist

## Others

* Tony Martin (politician) (born 1948), Canadian politician
* Tony Martin (artist) (1937–2021), creator of liquid light shows
* Tony Martin (farmer) (1944–2025), English farmer who was imprisoned for fatally shooting a burglar
* Anthony J. Martin, American paleontologist
* Anthony Martin (bishop) (died 1650), Anglican priest in Ireland
# Common death adder

The common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) is a species of death adder native to Australia. It is one of the most venomous land snakes in Australia and globally. While it remains widespread (unlike related species), it is facing increased threat from the ongoing Australian cane toad invasion.

## Taxonomy

The common death adder was first described in 1802. The common death adder feeds on frogs, lizards and birds and, unlike most Australian venomous snakes that actively search for prey, this snake sits in one place and waits for prey to come to it.

## Description

The common death adder has a broad flattened, triangular head and a thick body with bands of red, brown and black with a grey, cream or pink belly. It's known to reach a maximum body length of 70–100 centimetres (2.3–3.3 ft). Unlike the common or European adder (Vipera berus), the common death adder is a member of the snake family Elapidae, rather than the family Viperidae, which are not found in Australia.

## Distribution and habitat

The common death adder occurs over much of eastern and coastal southern Australia – Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. It is more scarce in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and the west parts of South Australia, and is no longer found in Victoria. It is also native to Papua.
Common death adders are found in forests, woodlands, grasslands and heaths of the eastern coast of Australia. Thanks to its band stripes, the death adder is a master of camouflage, hiding beneath loose leaf litter and debris in woodland, shrubland and grassland.

### Concerns

Habitat loss and the spread of invasive cane toads are a concern. The toad eats young death adders and adult death adders that eat the toads are poisoned by the toxic glands on their skin.

## Diet

Common death adders eat small mammals and birds as a primary diet. Unlike other elapids, a common death adder lies in wait for its prey (often for many days) until a meal passes. It covers itself with leaves—making itself inconspicuous—and lies coiled in ambush, twitching its grub-like tail close to its head as a lure. When an animal approaches to investigate the movement, the death adder quickly strikes, injecting its venom and then waiting for the victim to die before eating it. Death adders are not aggressive, yet their ambush hunting technique and reliance on camouflage rather than flight to avoid threats render them more dangerous than other elapids to humans who venture into bushland habitats.

## Reproduction

Unlike most snakes, death adders produce litters of live young. In the late summer, a female death adder will produce a litter of live offspring, approximately 3–20; however, over 30 young have been recorded in a single litter.
# Sense of impending doom

A sense of impending doom is a medical symptom that consists of an intense feeling that something life-threatening or tragic is about to occur, despite no apparent danger. Causes can be either psychological or physiological. Psychological causes can include an anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, or bipolar disorder. A sense of impending doom often precedes or accompanies a panic attack. Physiological causes could include a pheochromocytoma, heart attack, blood transfusion, anaphylaxis, or use of some psychoactive substances. The feeling can also be a transient side effect of adenosine administration, likely due to its activation of adenosine receptors. Due to adenosine's extremely short half-life, this effect is typically short-lived. A sense of impending doom can also present itself as a postoperative complication encountered after surgery.
# Daniel Bowles

Daniel Bowles (born 19 October 1991) is a retired A-League Australian professional soccer player.

## Club career
### Early career

Bowles played all of his junior football in Toowoomba, initially with St Albans Football Club followed by the South Toowoomba Hawks and made his senior debut at 15 with the Toowoomba Raiders who play in the Brisbane Premier League (BPL).

### Brisbane Roar

In 2008, Daniel Bowles signed with Brisbane Roar, participating in the club's inaugural National Youth League season, where the Roar would finish third, just missing out on a spot in the final. The following season, Bowles would feature heavily, being a sturdy defender in what was a dismal season for the team. On 7 February 2011, Bowles was called up to the senior team following the departure of former player of the season, Luke DeVere. He signed a one-year contract that took him through to the end of that season.

### Gold Coast United

In 9 September's edition of the Courier Mail, it was reported that Bowles would trial at right back for Gold Coast United in a pre-season match later in the month.
On 16 December 2011 he made his debut for A-League club Gold Coast United. On 9 March 2012 Bowles scored his first senior career goal against Newcastle Jets.

### Adelaide United

On 22 March 2012 it was announced Bowles had signed a two-year undisclosed contract with Adelaide United in the A-League. On 2 May 2014, it was announced that Bowles, as well as colleague Jake Barker-Daish were released from the club.

### Return to Brisbane Roar

On 8 July 2014, 3.5 months after being released by Adelaide United, Bowles signed with Brisbane Roar. Bowles made his debut for the Roar in the 4–0 plundering of the Newcastle Jets at Hunter Stadium. Bowles was awarded his first red card of the season in the Roar's 3–2 away win against Adelaide United. He received the red card after holding back defender Nigel Boogaard, who was later found out to be offside, and Adelaide were apportioned a penalty. Despite this, Bowles featured in the Round 25 Team of the Week. He featured in three of the Roar's ACL fixtures, being part of the defensive team that kept a clean sheet against Beijing Guoan.
Bowles obtained a serious knee injury in January 2017, ruling him out for the remainder of the season. He returned to play the beginning of the next season.
Bowles retired from professional football in August 2020 to focus on a cafe business.

## Honours

Australia U-20
* AFC U-20 Asian Cup: runner-up 2010
# Cuban Colony

Cuban Colony is an Indian Malayalam language action comedy film written and directed by Manoj Varghese Parecattil, with Able Benny, Jino John, SreeRaj Vikram, Sreekanth Dasan, Gokul GK and Aiswarya Unni in lead roles under the banner of HalyAnnGroup. The film is predominantly set in Angamaly.

## Cast

* Jino John as Charli
* Sreekanth Dasan as Sambu
* Able Benny as Martin chako
* Aristo Suresh as Aristo
* Sreeraj vikram as Bibi
* Gk Gokul As Messi
* Manoj Varghese Parecattil As Anil
* Kripesh Kannan as Jango
* Aiswarya Unni as Anu Varghese
* Anagha as Mariya

## Music

The film score is composed, arranged by Aloshya Kavumpurathu and lyrics written by Hari Narayanan and Manoj Varghese Parecattil.

## Release

Cuban Colony was released on 6 July 2018 (India).
# Robel Teklemariam

Robel Zeimichael Teklemariam (born September 16, 1974) is an Ethiopian cross-country skier who has competed since 2006. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 83rd in the 15 km event at Turin in 2006.
At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo, Teklemariam finished 74th in the individual sprint and 104th in the 15 km event.
His best career finish was 25th in a lesser event at 15 km race in Switzerland in January 2010.
Although he has lived in the United States since the age of 9, he has founded and heads the Ethiopian National Skiing Federation, and still speaks fluent Amharic.
He has said that without the financial help of Ethiopians abroad, he would not have made it to February's games in Italy. He also admitted that he had no chance of winning medals in either event he has entered in, Alpine and cross-country skiing. "I'm a realist. My goals are for further down the road. I want this Olympics to open my eyes and hopefully the eyes of other Ethiopians."
Robel Teklemariam has four other brothers. One (Nahom) in Los Angeles and three (Natan, Yoseph, Benyam) in Richmond, Virginia.
He is a 1997 graduate of the University of New Hampshire.
# What Wives Want

What Wives Want is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Jack Conway and starring Ethel Grey Terry, Vernon Steele and Niles Welch.

## Cast

* Ethel Grey Terry as Claire Howard
* Vernon Steele as Austin Howard
* Ramsey Wallace as John Reeves
* Niles Welch as David Loring
* Margaret Landis as Alice Loring
* Lila Leslie as Mrs. Van Dusen
* Henry A. Barrows as Newhart
# Altair-class training ship

The Altair class is a series of training ships in use by the Swedish Navy within the Swedish Naval Warfare Centre. It is the newest and only non-schooner class of training ships currently in service with the Swedish Navy.

## History

After the aging fleet of 1940s-era minesweepers, then used as training ships, could no longer meet safety requirements for an operating crew, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration sought an existing vessel class to commission. However, strict requirements made this unfeasible. As a result, a new project was launched in 2004 to design a vessel that could meet all necessary criteria. This approach ultimately proved to be both more cost-effective and more suitable.
Although the original plan was to acquire six ships of the class, budget constraints limited production to five.

### Etymology

As a collective decision by Gen. Håkan Syrén, RAdm. Anders Grenstad and RAdm. Leif Nylander, all ships were to be named after stars in the asterism Pleiades.

## Design

Each ship features an aluminum hull, a length of approximately 26 meters, and a beam of 6 meters, with an expected service life of 25 years. While not designed for combat, they can be modified into buoy boats for submarine hunting if needed. Additionally, they can be equipped with M2 Browning machine guns, though this is not standard.

## Units

| Pennant number | Ship name | Delivered | Status |
| A501 | Altair | 12 May 2008 | Active |
| A502 | Antares | 22 September 2008 | Active |
| A503 | Arcturus | 5 December 2008 | Active |
| A504 | Argo | 13 February 2009 | Active |
| A505 | Astrea | 7 May 2009 | Active |
# Japan Academy Film Prize for Screenplay of the Year

The Screenplay of the Year (最優秀脚本賞) of the Japan Academy Film Prize is one of the annual Awards given by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association.

## List of winners

| Nr. | Year | Screenwriter (English) | Screenwriter (Japanese) | Film (English) |
| 1 | 1978 | Yoji Yamada | 山田洋次 | Otoko wa Tsurai yo The Yellow Handkerchief |
| 2 | 1979 | Kaneto Shindō | 新藤兼人 | The Incident |
| 3 | 1980 | Masaru Baba | 馬場当 | Vengeance Is Mine |
| 4 | 1981 | Yoshitaka Asama Yoji Yamada | 朝間義隆 山田洋次 | A Distant Cry From Spring Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora's Tropical Fever |
| 5 | 1982 | Sō Kuramoto | 倉本聰 | Station |
| 6 | 1983 | Kōhei Tsuka | つかこうへい | Fall Guy |
| 7 | 1984 | Kōji Takada | 高田宏治 | Yokiro |
| 8 | 1985 | Juzo Itami | 伊丹十三 | The Funeral |
| 9 | 1986 | Hirō Matsuda | 松田寛夫 | Gray Sunset |
| 10 | 1987 | Fumio Konami Kinji Fukasaku | 神波史男 深作欣二 | House on Fire |
| 11 | 1988 | Juzo Itami | 伊丹十三 | A Taxing Woman |
| 12 | 1989 | Shinichi Ichikawa | 市川森一 | The Discarnates |
| 13 | 1990 | Toshirō Ishido Shōhei Imamura | 石堂淑朗 今村昌平 | Black Rain |
| 14 | 1991 | Taichi Yamada | 山田太一 | Childhood Days |
| 15 | 1992 | Kihachi Okamoto | 岡本喜八 | Rainbow Kids |
| 16 | 1993 | Masayuki Suo | 周防正行 | Sumo Do, Sumo Don't |
| 17 | 1994 | Yoji Yamada Yoshitaka Asama | 山田洋次 朝間義隆 | A Class to Remember Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora-San Makes Excuses |
| 18 | 1995 | Motomu Furuta Kinji Fukasaku | 古田求 深作欣二 | Crest of Betrayal |
| 19 | 1996 | Kaneto Shindō | 新藤兼人 | A Last Note |
| 20 | 1997 | Masayuki Suo | 周防正行 | Shall We Dance? |
| 21 | 1998 | Kōki Mitani | 宮崎駿 | Welcome Back, Mr. McDonald |
| 22 | 1999 | Wui Sin Chong | 鄭義信 | Begging for Love |
| 23 | 2000 | Yoshiki Iwama Yasuo Furuhata | 岩間芳樹 降旗康男 | Poppoya |
| 24 | 2001 | Akira Kurosawa | 黒澤明 | After the Rain |
| 25 | 2002 | Kankurō Kudō | 宮藤官九郎 | Go |
| 26 | 2003 | Yoji Yamada Yoshitaka Asama | 山田洋次 朝間義隆 | The Twilight Samurai |
| 27 | 2004 | Tomomi Tsutsui | 筒井ともみ | Like Asura |
| 28 | 2005 | Shinobu Yaguchi | 矢口史靖 | Swing Girls |
| 29 | 2006 | Takashi Yamazaki Ryōta Kosawa | 山崎貴 古沢良太 | Always Sanchōme no Yūhi |
| 30 | 2007 | Sang-il Lee Daisuke Habara | 李相日 羽原大介 | Hula Girls |
| 31 | 2008 | Suzuki Matsuo | 松尾スズキ | Tokyo Tower: Mom and Me, and Sometimes Dad |
| 32 | 2009 | Kundō Koyama | 小山薫堂 | Departures |
| 33 | 2010 | Miwa Nishikawa | 西川美和 | Dear Doctor |
| 34 | 2011 | Tetsuya Nakashima | 中島哲也 | Confessions |
| 35 | 2012 | Satoko Okudera | 奥寺佐渡子 | Rebirth |
| 36 | 2013 | Kenji Uchida | 内田けんじ | Key of Life |
| 37 | 2014 | Kensaku Watanabe | 渡辺謙作 | The Great Passage |
| 38 | 2015 | Akihiro Dobashi | 土橋章宏 | Samurai Hustle |
| 39 | 2016 | Shin Adachi | 足立紳 | 100 Yen Love |
| 40 | 2017 | Makoto Shinkai | 新海誠 | Your Name |
| 41 | 2018 | Hirokazu Kore-eda | 是枝裕和 | The Third Murder |
| 42 | 2019 | Hirokazu Kore-eda | 是枝裕和 | Shoplifters |
| 43 | 2020 | Yūichi Tokunaga | 徳永友一 | Fly Me to the Saitama |
| 44 | 2021 | Akiko Nogi | 野木亜紀子 | The Voice of Sin |
| 45 | 2022 | Ryusuke Hamaguchi Takamasa Oe | 濱口竜介 大江崇允 | Drive My Car |
| 46 | 2023 | Kōsuke Mukai | 向井康介 | A Man |
| 47 | 2024 | Takashi Yamazaki | 山崎貴 | Godzilla Minus One |
| 48 | 2025 | Akiko Nogi | 野木亜紀子 | Last Mile |
# Krishan Pathak

Krishan Bahadur Pathak (born 24 April 1997) is an Indian field hockey player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Indian national team.

## Early life

Pathak was born on 24 April 1997 in Kapurthala, Punjab. He is of Nepalese descent; his parents migrated from Lugdi village in Nepal to Punjab in 1990. His ancestral village is about six hours away from the capital Kathmandu. Despite not being interested in the sport, Pathak had joined the Surjit Hockey Academy in Jalandhar when he was 12 at the insistence of his father. Pathak's mother died when he was 12, while his father Tek Bahadur Pathak, a crane operator, died of a heart attack in 2016.

## Career

Pathak was part of the Indian junior team that won the 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup in Lucknow. He was then selected in the India A team for the 2017 Men's Australian Hockey League. He made his India senior team debut in January 2018 when the team participated in a four-team invitational tournament in New Zealand. Pathak found a place in the squad for 2018 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup as India's first-choice goalkeeper P. R. Sreejesh was rested. He then played as a reserve goalkeeper in the 2018 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy where India won the silver medal and the 2018 Asian Games where India won bronze.
Pathak was the reserve goalkeeper at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo where India won the bronze medal. Finally he won gold medal in 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou.

## Award

Pathak received the Arjuna Award from the President of India on 9 January 2024.