# Pramila Jayapal

Pramila Jayapal (born September 21, 1965) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from Washington's 7th congressional district since 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she represents most of Seattle, as well as some suburban areas of King County. Jayapal represented the 37th legislative district in the Washington State Senate from 2015 to 2017. She is the first Indian-American woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. The district's first female member of Congress, she is also the first Asian American to represent Washington at the federal level.
Before entering electoral politics, Jayapal was a Seattle-based civil rights activist, serving until 2012 as the executive director of OneAmerica, a pro-immigrant advocacy group. She founded the organization, originally called Hate Free Zone, after the September 11 attacks. Jayapal co-chaired the Congressional Progressive Caucus from 2019 to 2021, henceforth serving as chair. She serves on both the Judiciary Committee and Budget Committee.

## Early life and education

Jayapal was born into a Malayali family in Chennai, India, to Maya Jayapal, a writer, and Jayapal Menon, a marketing professional. She spent most of her childhood in Indonesia and Singapore. Jayapal attended Jakarta Intercultural School. She immigrated to the U.S. in 1982, at age 16, to attend college. She earned a BA from Georgetown University and an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
After graduating from college Jayapal worked for PaineWebber as a financial analyst. At PaineWebber, she began to work on development projects from Chicago to Thailand. Later, she briefly worked in sales and marketing for a medical company before moving into the public sector in 1991.

## Early career
### Advocacy work

Jayapal founded Hate Free Zone after the 2001 September 11 attacks as an advocacy group for immigrant groups. Hate Free Zone registered new American citizens to vote and lobbied on immigration reform and related issues. It successfully sued the Bush Administration's Immigration and Naturalization Services to prevent the deportation of over 4,000 Somalis across the country. In 2008, the group changed its name to OneAmerica. Jayapal stepped down from her leadership position in May 2012. In 2013, she was recognized by the White House as a "Champion of Change".
On June 29, 2018, Jayapal participated in Women Disobey and the sit-in at the Hart Senate Office Building to protest the Trump administration's "zero-tolerance" approach to illegal immigration. The protest resulted in the arrest of over 500 people, including Jayapal. She said she was "proud to have been arrested" for protesting the administration's "inhumane and cruel" policy.

### Washington legislature

Jayapal served on the Mayoral Advisory Committee that negotiated Seattle's $15 minimum wage and co-chaired the mayor's police chief search committee, which resulted in the unanimous selection of the city's first female police chief.
After State Senator Adam Kline announced his retirement in early 2014, Jayapal entered the race to succeed him. She was endorsed by Seattle Mayor Ed Murray and won more than 51% of the vote in the August 5 primary, out of a field of six candidates. She defeated fellow Democrat Louis Watanabe in November.
In the Washington State Senate, Jayapal was the primary sponsor of SB 5863, which directs the Washington State Department of Transportation to administer a pre-apprenticeship program targeting women and people of color; the bill passed into law in July 2015. She co-sponsored a bill to test and track thousands of police department rape kits.
Jayapal endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 Democratic primaries.

## U.S. House of Representatives
### Elections

In January 2016, Jayapal declared her candidacy for Congress in Washington's 7th congressional district, after Representative Jim McDermott announced his retirement. In April, she was endorsed by Bernie Sanders. On August 2, Jayapal finished first in the top-two primary, alongside state representative Brady Walkinshaw, also a Democrat. This was the first time in the state's history that a federal seat was contested by two Democrats. Both identified as progressive Democrats. The 7th is the most Democratic district in the Pacific Northwest, and the seat was all but certain to stay in Democratic hands even if a Republican took the second spot in the primary.
In the final weeks of the race, Jayapal and her supporters contested claims from Walkinshaw that she had not advanced enough legislation. Jayapal won the general election with 56% of the vote.

### Tenure

Jayapal became the first Indian-American woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.
On January 6, 2017, Jayapal objected to Georgia's 16 electoral votes, which Donald Trump had won by over 200,000 votes. Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed.
During Trump's inauguration, Jayapal met with constituents in her congressional district instead of attending the ceremony. The Nation called her "a leader of the resistance," quoting Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi calling Jayapal "a rising star in the Democratic caucus." In September, Representative Don Young apologized to her after calling her "young lady" in an exchange that went viral. Jayapal has described facing sexism from colleagues in Congress.
On January 20, 2020, Jayapal endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.
In September 2021, BuzzFeed reported that 14 former staffers had described Jayapal's congressional office as a volatile and dysfunctional workplace. Jayapal's office responded with a statement calling the allegations "sexist", "ugly stereotypes", and lacking context.
In 2024, Jayapal raised over $400,000 for the election campaign of Vice President Harris, as well as making other public statements in praise of Harris.

#### Foreign Affairs

Jayapal voted against a House resolution condemning the U.N. Security Council resolution on Israeli settlements built on the occupied Palestinian territories in the West Bank. In July 2019, she voted against a House resolution condemning the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement targeting Israel. The resolution passed 398–17. On July 16, 2023, she addressed the Congressional Progressive Caucus, and described Israel as a “racist state”. Later, she apologized for the remarks and issued a statement criticizing the government of Benjamin Netanyahu as "extreme right-wing" and said it had "engaged in discriminatory and outright racist policies". She voted for a resolution proposed by August Pfluger which states that “the State of Israel is not a racist or apartheid state", that Congress rejects "all forms of antisemitism and xenophobia" and that “the United States will always be a staunch partner and supporter of Israel."
On April 25, 2018, 57 members of the House of Representatives, including Jayapal, released a condemnation of Holocaust distortion in Ukraine and Poland. They criticized Poland's new Holocaust law, which would criminalize accusing Poles (as a nation) of complicity in the Holocaust, and Ukraine's 2015 memory laws glorifying the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and its pro-Nazi leaders, such as Roman Shukhevych.
In April 2019, after the House passed the resolution withdrawing American support for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen, Jayapal was one of nine lawmakers to sign a letter to Trump requesting a meeting with him and urging him to sign "Senate Joint Resolution 7, which invokes the War Powers Act of 1973 to end unauthorized US military participation in the Saudi-led coalition's armed conflict against Yemen's Houthi forces, initiated in 2015 by the Obama administration." They asserted the "Saudi-led coalition's imposition of an air-land-and-sea blockade as part of its war against Yemen’s Houthis has continued to prevent the unimpeded distribution of these vital commodities, contributing to the suffering and death of vast numbers of civilians throughout the country" and that Trump's approval of the resolution through his signing would give a "powerful signal to the Saudi-led coalition to bring the four-year-old war to a close".
In December 2019, Jayapal introduced a bill to urge India to lift curbs on communications in Kashmir. These curbs were introduced as part of revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir in August 2019. Later that month, the Foreign Minister of India canceled a meeting with U.S. lawmakers, citing Jayapal's inclusion on the invitee list. The bill has seen no movement since its introduction in Congress.
An October 24, 2022, letter, led by Jayapal and signed by 30 progressive Democrats, called on President Biden to pursue negotiations with Vladimir Putin to end the invasion of Ukraine. The letter was withdrawn a day later after Jayapal said it was drafted months ago and was released by a staffer "without vetting". The reason for the retraction was disputed, and Politico reported that Jayapal approved the letter's release on October 24.
On July 6, 2023, US President Joe Biden authorized the provision of cluster munitions to Ukraine in support of a Ukrainian counter-offensive against Russian forces in Russian-occupied southeastern Ukraine. Jayapal opposed the decision of the Biden administration to supply cluster munitions to Ukraine.

#### Budget

Jayapal supports decreasing U.S. military spending. She, Barbara Lee and Mark Pocan attempted to reduce the size of the $740 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, but their motion failed 93-324.
Jayapal was among the 46 Democrats who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.

#### Healthcare

She supports universal health care and co-sponsored the Expanded and Improved Medicare For All Act.
In February 2019, Jayapal sponsored and introduced the Medicare for All Act of 2019 with more than 100 co-sponsors. The bill would create a publicly financed comprehensive, universal, and guaranteed healthcare insurance system for every U.S. resident. It represented the continuation of progressives' long-term campaign in Congress to introduce a guaranteed health care system. In 2021, Jayapal introduced similar legislation for the 117th Congress.

#### Government transparency

Jayapal and Representative Jamie Raskin introduced the Trump Transparency Package, a series of bills aimed at promoting transparency and eliminating conflicts of interest in the Trump White House.
She supports a ban on members trading in stocks.

#### Other progressive policies

Jayapal and her fellow co-chairs of the United for Climate and Environmental Justice Task Force introduced a package of environmental justice bills to fight the impact of climate change on frontline communities.
Jayapal is a co-sponsor of legislation intended to make public colleges and universities free for most families and significantly reduce student debt. Jayapal is a supporter of Illinois Rep. Jesús "Chuy" García's New Way Forward Act, which calls for immigration reform. Jayapal is also a supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.

### Leadership posts

* Senior Whip, Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives
* Vice Ranking Member, United States House Committee on the Budget
* Chair, Congressional Progressive Caucus
* Co-chair and co-founder, United for Climate and Environmental Justice Task Force
* Chair, Immigration Task Force, Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC)
* Co-chair, Women's Working Group on Immigration Reform
* DNC Transition Team Member

### Committee memberships

* Committee on the Judiciary
** Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship
** Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law
* Committee on Education and Labor
** Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development
** Subcommittee on Workforce Protections
* Committee on the Budget

### Caucus memberships

* Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
* Medicare for All Caucus
* Congressional Freethought Caucus
* Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus (vice chair)
* Congressional Progressive Caucus (chair)

## Personal life

Jayapal was formerly married to Alan Preston. She initially lost her green card when she gave birth prematurely in India and was unable to return in time to maintain Permanent Resident status. She became a U.S. citizen in 2000. She is the author of Pilgrimage: One Woman's Return to a Changing India, published in March 2000.
Jayapal lives in Seattle with her husband, Steven R. Williamson. Kashika, Jayapal's child from her previous marriage to Preston, is transgender and previously identified as non-binary. She also has a stepson, Michael. In 2019, Jayapal publicly wrote that she had chosen to abort a pregnancy because it risked her and the unborn child's health.
Jayapal's older sister Susheela has served on the Multnomah County Commission since 2019. Susheela announced that she is running in Oregon's 3rd congressional district after Earl Blumenauer announced that he is retiring in the 2024 election. Susheela ultimately lost to Maxine Dexter in the Democratic primary.
Jayapal tested positive for COVID-19 on January 11, 2021. In a statement released after her diagnosis, she criticized her Republican colleagues for refusing to wear masks when members of Congress were placed on lockdown during the 2021 United States Capitol attack.
On July 9, 2022, Seattle resident Brett Forsell was arrested after he arrived at Jayapal's Seattle house and yelled obscenities and threats at her. Forsell was released and charged when more evidence had been collected. Forsell had driven by her house repeatedly for weeks, shouting insults. When arrested, he was armed with a handgun with a round in its chamber. He was charged with felony stalking and released on $150,000 bail. In June 2023, Forsell pled guilty to stalking and was sentenced to 364 days in jail followed by 24 months of probation.

## Electoral history

Washington's 7th Congressional District nonpartisan blanket primary election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 82,753 | 42.11 |
| | Democratic | Brady Walkinshaw | 41,773 | 21.26 |
| | Democratic | Joe McDermott | 37,495 | 19.08 |
| | Republican | Craig Keller | 16,058 | 8.17 |
| | Republican | Scott Sutherland | 9,008 | 4.58 |
| | Democratic | Arun Jhaveri | 3,389 | 1.72 |
| | Independent | Leslie Regier | 2,592 | 1.32 |
| | Democratic | Don Rivers | 2,379 | 1.21 |
| | Independent | Carl Cooper | 1,056 | 0.54 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 196,503 | 100.00 |
Washington's 7th Congressional District election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 212,010 | 55.98 |
| | Democratic | Brady Walkinshaw | 166,744 | 44.02 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 378,754 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
Washington's 7th Congressional District nonpartisan blanket primary election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal (incumbent) | 189,175 | 82.7 |
| | Republican | Craig Keller | 39,657 | 17.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 228,832 | 100.0 |
Washington's 7th Congressional District election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 329,800 | 83.6 |
| | Republican | Craig Keller | 64,881 | 16.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 394,681 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
Washington's 7th Congressional District nonpartisan blanket primary election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 240,801 | 79.98 |
| | Republican | Craig Keller | 24,477 | 8.13 |
| | Independent | Rick Lewis | 13,885 | 4.61 |
| | Republican | Scott Sutherland | 11,332 | 3.76 |
| | Democratic | Jack Hughes-Hageman | 10,052 | 3.34 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 537 | 0.18 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 301,084 | 100 |
Washington's 7th Congressional District election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 387,109 | 83.0 |
| | Republican | Craig Keller | 78,240 | 16.8 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 1,113 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 466,462 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
Washington's 7th Congressional District nonpartisan blanket primary election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 177,665 | 84.6 |
| | Republican | Cliff Moon | 15,834 | 7.5 |
| | Republican | Paul Glumaz | 10,982 | 5.2 |
| | Independent | Jesse James | 4,859 | 2.3 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 551 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 209,891 | 100.0 |
Washington's 7th Congressional District election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 295,998 | 85.4 |
| | Republican | Cliff Moon | 49,207 | 14.2 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 1,442 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 346,647 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
Washington's 7th Congressional District nonpartisan blanket primary election, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal (incumbent) | 174,019 | 79.9 |
| | Republican | Dan Alexander | 16,902 | 7.8 |
| | Democratic | Liz Hallock | 16,494 | 7.6 |
| | Republican | Cliff Moon | 10,070 | 4.6 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 409 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 217,894 | 100.0 |
Washington's 7th Congressional District election, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pramila Jayapal | 352,286 | 83.9 |
| | Republican | Dan Alexander | 66,220 | 15.8 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 1,313 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 419,819 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |