OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GNSS reflectometry

GNSS reflectometry (or GNSS-R) involves making measurements from the reflections from the Earth of navigation signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems such as GPS. The idea of using reflected GNSS signals for earth observation was first proposed in 1993 by Martin-Neira. It was also investigated by researchers at NASA Langley Research Center and is also known as GPS reflectometry.
GNSS reflectometry is passive sensing that takes advantage of and relies on multiple active sources - with the satellites generating the navigation signals. For this, the GNSS receiver measures the signal delay from the satellite (the pseudorange measurement) and the rate of change of the range between satellite and observer (the Doppler measurement). The surface area of the reflected GNSS signal also provides the two parameters time delay and frequency change. As a result, the Delay Doppler Map (DDM) can be obtained as GNSS-R observable. The shape and power distribution of the signal within the DDM is dictated by two reflecting surface conditions: its dielectric properties and its roughness state. Further derivation of geophysical information rely on these measurements.
GNSS reflectometry is a bi-static radar, where transmitter and receiver are separated by a significant distance. Since in GNSS reflectometry one receiver simultaneously can track multiple transmitters (i.e. GNSS satellites), the system also has the nature of multi-static radar. The receiver of the reflected GNSS signal can be of different kinds: Ground stations, ship measurements, airplanes or satellites, like the UK-DMC satellite, part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. It carried a secondary reflectometry payload that has demonstrated the feasibility of receiving and measuring GPS signals reflected from the surface of the Earth's oceans from its track in low Earth orbit to determine wave motion and windspeed.
Research applications of space-based GNSS-R are focused in the following areas:
* Altimetry
* Oceanography (Wave Height and Wind Speed)
* Cryosphere monitoring
* Soil moisture monitoring
Data from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission have been used to investigate many of these areas.
GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (or GNSS-IR) is a specialized case of GNSS-R. Here the receiving instrument is on the surface of the Earth. In this technique the interference of the direct and reflected signals is used rather than a Delay Doppler Map or measuring the two signals separately. In the example shown, a GNSS antenna is ~2.5 meters above a planar surface. Both direct (blue) and reflected (red) GNSS signals are shown. As a GNSS satellite rises or sets, the elevation angle changes; the direct and reflected signals will generate an interference pattern. The frequency of this interference pattern can be used to extract the height of the antenna above the planar surface, the reflector height. Changes in reflector height can be directly used to measure water surfaces and the height of snow.
# Fayza Haikal

Fayza Mohamed Hussein Haikal (born 1938) is a professor emerita of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo and the first Egyptian woman to earn a PhD in Egyptology.

## Education and career

Haikal was born on April 11, 1938; her father was a prominent Egyptian politician. She attended the Lycée Français du Caire as a child, and studied Egyptology at the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University from 1956 to 1960, where she received her BA. After graduating, she successfully applied for a scholarship to study Egyptology abroad; in the following year, before taking up the scholarship, she worked on the UNESCO Campaign in Nubia to save monuments at risk from the construction of the Aswan Dam, first being responsible for revising the campaign's epigraphic material for publication, and then conducting fieldwork in Nubia. Egyptian women had not previously been allowed to travel to work archaeological excavations, and Haikal describes herself as having 'paved the way for women Egyptologists to work in Nubia". From 1961 to 1965, Haikal studied in the UK, initially at University College London, where her supervisor, W.B. Emery, on being asked to include her in his team working in Nubia, replied "I don't take girls in my team". She transferred to St Anne's College, Oxford University, in 1962, where she studied for a D.Phil. on Egyptian papyri at the British Museum. She gained her doctorate in 1965, becoming the first Egyptian woman to earn a Ph.D. in Egyptology.
After graduating, Haikal returned to Cairo to teach Egyptology, but subsequently moved to various countries due to her husband's job as a diplomat (she had married Mohamed Abdel Halim Mahmoud just before graduating with her D.Phil.; he died in 1979); during his posting to Italy she taught at La Sapienza University of Rome. In the 1980s she became Professor of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo. Her archaeological work in this position included directing a project to protect archeological sites during the construction of the Peace Canal in northern Sinai. In 1988, she was elected as the first woman President of the International Association of Egyptologists. Haikal has also been a visiting professor at La Sapienza in Rome and the Sorbonne (both 1994) and Charles University in Prague (2000), and in 2006-2007 was the Blaise Pascal Chair of Research at the Sorbonne.

## Honours

A Festschrift titled "Hommages à Fayza Haikal" was published by the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in 2003, and Haikal was nominated for ‘Woman of the Year’ in 2015 by the Egypt Exploration Society and the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities. She was given the Honorary Membership of the International Association of Egyptologists in 2019.
# Trip.com

Trip.com is an online travel agency owned by Trip.com Group. Its website and mobile app can be used to book flights, hotels, trains, car rentals, airport transfers, tours, and attraction tickets.

## History

Prior to its current ownership, the Trip.com domain name was used by Trip Software Systems from 1996 to 1998, Antoine Toffa from 1998 to 2000, Cendant from 2001 to 2003, Orbitz from 2009 to 2013, and Expedia from 2015 to 2016.
In 2016, Gogobot, a travel booking and research company founded by entrepreneurs Travis Katz and Ori Zaltzman in 2010, acquired the Trip.com brand from Expedia and rebranded the service as Trip.com.
In November 2017, Ctrip acquired Trip.com. At that time, Trip.com had more than 60 million users.
In February 2018, Trip.com became the first travel agency to sell Korail tickets online.
In March 2018, Trip.com partnered with Deutsche Bahn to sell German train tickets.
In March 2018, Trip.com launched its car rentals service, spanning over 6,000 cities.
In June 2018, airport transfer bookings were launched on Trip.com's Hong Kong and English sites, initially covering more than 200 cities in 55 countries.
In July 2019, Trip.com expanded the reach of its car rental service in four major language markets.
In December 2019, the website reported 200% year-on-year growth in the car rentals product range for the winter holiday season.
In September 2019, Trip.com joined the Singapore Tourism Board in a strategic partnership for destination marketing.
In October 2019, Trip.com hosted its inaugural Airline Partner Conference, which brought together over 50 airlines.
In January 2020, Trip.com partnered with British Airways and Iberia on the New Distribution Capability (NDC) standard to offer a more complete inventory on the website.
In June 2021, Trip.com expanded its partnership with TripAdvisor.
In February 2023, Trip.com launched TripGen, an artificial intelligence-based chatbot based on OpenAI.
In June 2023, Trip.com launched Trekki, a non-fungible token.

## Awards

* 2019 Google Material Design Award: Universality

## Controversies

In 2023, Trip.com stirred controversy by allowing women to book women-only sleeping car train compartments. Trip.com was accused of sex segregation and reversed the policy.
# Ilir Elmazovski

Ilir Elmazovski (Macedonian: Илир Елмазовски; Albanian: Ilir Elmazi; born 18 November 1979 in Bitola) is a Macedonian retired football player of Albanian descent who finished his career at FK Novaci in Macedonian Second League.

## International career

He made his senior debut for Macedonia in a July 2000 friendly match against Azerbaijan and has earned a total of 2 caps, scoring no goals. His second and final international was a July 2001 friendly against Qatar.
# USS LST-998

USS LST-998 was an LST-542-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation.

## History

LST-998 was laid down on 8 April 1944 at the Boston Navy Yard; launched on 14 May 1944, sponsored by Miss Olga M. Lessa; and commissioned on 29 May 1944.
LST-998 apparently did not see combat service during World War II.
Following World War II, LST-998 performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until late March 1946. She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 26 June 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 31 July that same year. On 4 November 1948, the ship was sold to the Northwest Merchandising Service, renamed Don Ernesto and entered service in Argentina.

### Argentine service

In Argentine Navy service, Don Ernesto was redesignated BDT-3 (Buque Desembarco de Tanques), and was named ARA Cabo San Francisco de Paula. She was retired in 1968.
# Marianne Buttenschon

Marianne Buttenschon is an American politician and educator from the state of New York. She is a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 119th district.

## Early life and education

Buttenschon was born and raised in Oneida County, and grew up in Whitesboro, New York. Her father, Bill Goodman, was town supervisor of Whitestown, New York and a member of the Oneida County legislature.
Buttenschon earned her Associate degree from Mohawk Valley Community College, followed by a B.A. in Public Justice from SUNY Polytechnic Institute. Buttenschon then earned a master's degree in Public Policy from Binghamton University and a Doctor of Education from Northeastern University.

## Career

Before entering politics, Buttenschon was the dean for emergency preparedness and public service at Mohawk Valley Community College, and had previously served as dean of students.
Buttenschon served as vice president of the Utica Community Food Bank and a member of the League of Women Voters. For 30 years, Buttenschon and her husband have operated the Buttenschon Christmas Tree Farm in Marcy, New York.
She announced her intention to run in the 2018 election for New York State Assembly to succeed Anthony Brindisi, who was elected to Congress. She defeated Republican Dennis Bova in the general election with 56% of the vote. In the 2020 election she defeated Republican candidate John Zielenski with 57% of the vote. She has announced her candidacy for the 2024 election.
# Tre Cancello Landing Strip

Tre Cancello Landing Strip is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, which is located approximately 11 km east-northeast of Anzio; about 50 km south-southeast of Rome. It was a temporary grass airfield used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 416th Night Fighter Squadron between 14 June and 8 July 1944, flying Bristol Beaufighters on night defensive interceptor patrols during the Anzio landing.
When the Americans pulled out the airfield was dismantled by engineers and returned to agriculture. An outline of the runway remains in an agricultural field in aerial photos today.
# Hans Rothenberg

Hans Rothenberg, born 1961, is a business development specialist and a member of the Swedish Parliament for the Moderate Party. He is member of the Committee on Industry and Trade and substitute to the Committee on Cultural Affairs. His constituency is the city of Gothenburg.
# Temma Nomura

Temma Nomura (野村 天真, Nomura Temma, born 27 June 2001) is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a left-back.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 6 July 2020.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Cerezo Osaka U-23 | 2019 | J3 League | 17 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
# Kamia Yousufi

Kamia Yousufi (Persian: کیمیا یوسفی; born 20 May 1996 in Mashhad, Iran) is an Afghan female sprinter. Her parents are originally from Kandahar.

## Career

She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the women's 100 metres, where she finished in 22nd place in the preliminary round with a time of 14.02 seconds, a national record. She did not advance to round 1.
At the 2020 Summer Olympics, Yousufi and Farzad Mansouri carried Afghanistan's flag at the Opening Ceremony. Competing at the 100 metres she finished sixth in the first preliminary heat running a time of 13.29 seconds, which was a new personal best and a national record.
In August 2021, as the 2021 Taliban offensive overran the country, Yousufi fled to Iran.
In July 2024, Yousufi was named in a six-person, gender equal Afghanistan team for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Afghanistan’s ruling Taliban said they did not recognise any female members of the team as only male sports were practiced in the country.
# Yuki Aida

Yuki Aida (相田 勇樹, Aida Yūki, born 3 August 1998) is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Júbilo Iwata.

## Early life

Yuki was born in Tokyo. He played for Akiruno FC, Yamanashi Gakuin University High School and Sapporo University in his youth.

## Career

Yuki made his debut for Vanraure against Gifu on 14 March 2021. He scored his first goal for the club on 20 March 2022, scoring against Kagoshima United FC in the 16th minute.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 22 June 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sapporo University | 2020 | – | – | – | 1 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Vanraure Hachinohe | 2021 | J3 League | 7 | 0 | 2 | 4 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 7 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 |

#### Notes

* 1 2 Appearances in the Emperor's Cup
# Jesse Hernandez (cheerleader)

Jesse Hernandez is an American cheerleader. He is considered one of the first male National Football League (NFL) cheerleaders, along with Napoleon Jinnies and Quinton Peron.
He graduated from North Vermillion High School in his hometown of Maurice, Louisiana.
# Kanalkattakal

Kanalkattakal is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by A. B. Raj and produced by Thomas Abraham. The film stars Prem Nazir, Vincent, K. P. Ummer, Jayabharathi, Adoor Bhasi and Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair. The film has musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Vijayan/Panikkar (Double Roll)
* Jayabharathi as Rajani
* Adoor Bhasi as Compounder
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Mental Doctor
* Jose Prakash as Vikraman / Prasad
* T. R. Omana as Lakshmi
* Jayakumari
* K. P. Ummer as James / Rajan
* Paravoor Bharathan
* Vincent as Maaran / Venu
* Prathapachandran as Moopan
* Maniyanpilla Raju as Man at mental hospital
* Manavalan Joseph
* Paul Vengola
* Kaduvakkulam Antony
* Thodupuzha Radhakrishnan
* Aravindhakshan
* Murali Menon
* Santo Krishnan
* Balan
* Sudeer Kumar
* Sadana
* Vijaya Lakshmi
* Prema
* Lissi
* Daisy
* Jayanthi
* Radha Devi
* Baby Babitha
* Baby Vandhana
* Baby Lakshmi
* Master kumar
* Master Rajkumar

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and the lyrics were written by Chirayinkeezhu Ramakrishnan Nair, Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan and P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Aanandavalli Aayiravalli" | V. Dakshinamoorthy, Ambili | Chirayinkeezhu Ramakrishnan Nair, Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |
| 2 | "Ananthamaam Chakravaalam" | K. J. Yesudas | Chirayinkeezhu Ramakrishnan Nair, Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |
| 3 | "Elamani" | P. Susheela | P. Bhaskaran |
| 4 | "Induvadane" | K. J. Yesudas | Chirayinkeezhu Ramakrishnan Nair, Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |
| 5 | "Manmadha Kadhayude" | [K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |
# 2025 Hamburg train accident

The 2025 Hamburg train accident was a train collision which occurred on February 11, 2025, when an Intercity Express (ICE) train collided with a semi-truck at a level crossing in Hamburg's Rönneburg district in Germany. The incident resulted in one fatality and multiple injuries.

## Collision

The collision took place when Deutsche Bahn Intercity Express (ICE) train 613, en route to Bremen from Munich and carrying 291 passengers, struck a semi-truck owned by a rail manufacturer carrying railway tracks at the Reller level crossing. According to Hamburger Abendblatt reports, the truck became trapped when the crossing barrier closed unexpectedly, leaving its rear section protruding onto the tracks. According to passenger accounts, the train executed an emergency brake maneuver immediately before a loud impact occurred. The collision caused the truck's cargo of railroad tracks to scatter across the crash site, and caused windows in the front cars of the train to shatter.
The collision resulted in one fatality and more than 26 injuries. The director of the Research Center for Contemporary History in Hamburg, 55-year-old German historian Thomas Großbölting [de], seated in the train's fourth carriage, was killed as a result of the collision. Emergency responders attempted to resuscitate the victim at the scene, but the individual succumbed to his injuries either during transport to or at the hospital. Twenty-six other individuals sustained injuries, with six people reported in serious condition. The truck driver, identified as a 34-year-old Romanian national, escaped the vehicle moments before impact and survived unharmed.

## Responses

The Hamburg fire department dispatched around 80 emergency medical personnel to treat the injured, while local police arranged bus transportation and a rescue helicopter to evacuate uninjured passengers from the crash site. Emergency services established a triage area to assess and treat the injured.
Following the collision, railway authorities temporarily closed the line between Hamburg-Harburg station and Maschen Yard in Lower Saxony, implementing diversions for other trains operating in the area for around 15 minutes. By the morning of February 12, recovery crews had successfully removed the damaged train from the site, and authorities had reopened one track of the affected railway line.
Federal Police initiated an investigation into the cause, noting that the inquiry would require extensive time to complete. The truck driver was later taken into custody and questioned by authorities as part of the investigation, and faced potential charges of "negligent homicide and dangerous interference with rail traffic". Reports indicated that the driver did not maintain a German residence permit when the incident occurred.
# Shut Up and Rap

Shut Up and Rap is the third studio album by American rapper Termanology, released on December 9, 2014, through his own record label, ST. Records, Statik Selektah's Showoff Records, and Boston based label Brick Records.

## Background

The album includes guest appearances from Artisin, Astro, Chasen Hampton, Chilla Jones, Chris Rivers, Cortez, Doo Wop, Dutch ReBelle, Ea$y Money, H Blanco, Inspectah Deck, Lil Fame, Lumidee, Michael Christmas, Reks, Slaine, Skyzoo, SuperSTah Snuk, Torae, Wais P and Willie The Kid. The album is mostly produced by Billy Loman.

## Singles

On October 7, 2014, the first single from the album, "The War Begins" featuring Inspectah Deck, Chris Rivers & H Blanco, was released. The official music video for the single was released on December 1, 2014. On November 5, 2014, he released the second single "El Wave". On December 11, 2014, he released the third single "I Fucks with You " featuring Lumidee & Cyrus DeShield. The official music video for the single was released the same day. On January 13, 2015, he released the fourth single "Get Away" featuring Skyzoo, Torae & Reks. The official music video for the single was released the same day.
# College Heights Herald

The College Heights Herald is the student newspaper of Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It is free and distributed throughout the campus and city. The school provides professional staff support and facilities for the newspaper but does not exercise editorial control. Called the Herald or the WKU Herald for short, the publication is supported through the sale of advertising and is entirely student-run.

## Distribution

During the fall and spring semesters, the Herald print edition is published as a news magazine three times a semester. With a circulation of about 3,000, it serves a campus of about 16,000 with exclusive enterprise not previously published online. The Herald is distributed to more than 100 locations on campus and in Bowling Green. WKUHerald.com, the Herald's digital presence, is updated multiple times daily throughout the year.

## Newsletter

The Herald's primary means of distributing content is its email newsletter, published every weekday during the academic semesters and weekly during the winter and summer breaks. Launched on March 11, 2020, at the start of the coronavirus pandemic, the newsletter now goes to more than 33,000 subscribers. It is published through the Constant Contact platform. The growth of the newsletter prompted student leaders to move their print edition from a weekly newspaper to the current news magazine format focused on exclusive enterprise.

## Online

The Herald's website, WKUHerald.com, features content in a digital format, as well as multimedia such as videos, photo galleries, and audio slideshows. The website serves as a way to release breaking news and allow readers to interact through online comments. WKUHerald is published on the SNO platform. WKUHerald.com uses a flexible format that adapts to the user's device, whether it's a desktop, tablet or mobile phone.

## Awards

Over the years, the Herald has garnered numerous national, regional and state honors. The newspaper has been the recipient of 21 ACP Pacemaker awards, the highest award given to collegiate newspapers, most recently earning two Pacemakers in 2022 (news magazine and online). The Herald also was a finalist for the ACP Multiplatform Pacemaker. The College Heights Herald is a member of the ACP Hall of Fame and is No. 6 on the list of the most successful student media outlets in the century-long history of the ACP Pacemaker Awards.
The Herald also has won multiple Gold Crown Awards and Silver Crown Awards from the Columbia Scholastic Press Association (CSPA).
Other awards include being named the best non-daily student newspaper in the country by the Society of Professional Journalists and 12 General Excellence Awards from the Kentucky Press Association, the most recent in 2014, 2015 and 2016.