OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heterogeneity in economics

In economic theory and econometrics, the term heterogeneity refers to differences across the units being studied. For example, a macroeconomic model in which consumers are assumed to differ from one another is said to have heterogeneous agents.

## Unobserved heterogeneity in econometrics

In econometrics, statistical inferences may be erroneous if, in addition to the observed variables under study, there exist other relevant variables that are unobserved, but correlated with the observed variables; dependent and independent variables .
Methods for obtaining valid statistical inferences in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity include the instrumental variables method; multilevel models, including fixed effects and random effects models; and the Heckman correction for selection bias.

## Economic models with heterogeneous agents

Economic models are often formulated by means of a representative agent. Depending on the application, individual agents can be aggregated to or represented by a single agent. For example, individual demand can be aggregated to market demand if and only if individual preferences are of the Gorman polar form (or equivalently satisfy linear and parallel Engel curves). Under this condition, even heterogeneous preferences can be represented by a single aggregate agent simply by summing over individual demand to market demand. However, some questions in economic theory cannot be accurately addressed without considering differences across agents, requiring a heterogeneous agent model.
How to solve a heterogeneous agent model depends on the assumptions that are made about the expectations of the agents in the model. Broadly speaking, models with heterogeneous agents fall into the category of agent-based computational economics (ACE) if the agents have adaptive expectations (see artificial financial market), or into the category of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) if the agents have rational expectations. DSGE models with heterogeneneous agents are especially difficult to solve, and have only recently become a widespread topic of research; most early DSGE research instead focused on representative agent models.

### Methods for solving DSGE models with heterogeneous agents

* Heathcote, Storesletten and Violante (AEJ Macro 2009) make convenient functional form assumptions that allow for some dimensions of heterogeneity but nonetheless maintain an analytical solution for the general equilibrium.
* Krusell and Smith (JPE 1998) permit an arbitrary distribution of wealth but assume all prices and equilibrium variables are approximately functions of the mean or of a few other statistics of that distribution.
* Algan, Allais, and den Haan (2009) approximate the distribution by a parameterized distributional form at all times.
* Reiter (JEDC 2009) and Mertens and Judd (mimeo 2011) develop perturbation methods for approximating the dynamics of the distribution under arbitrary distributional forms.
# WLQB

WLQB (93.5 FM, "El Patron 93.5"; translation: The Boss, or Master) is a radio station broadcasting a regional Mexican format. Licensed to Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina, United States, the station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., through licensee iHM Licenses, LLC. Its studios are located on the U.S. 17 Bypass in Myrtle Beach, and its transmitter is in Shallotte, North Carolina.

## History

The call letters WDZD were formerly used by WLTT (now WILT) when that station was at 93.5 FM.
In January 1999, "hyperactive rock" radio station "93.5 Asylum" signed on in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Darren Taylor, assistant program director and afternoon DJ, said that in addition to Metallica, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest and Iron Maiden, the station would play bands that received little radio airplay, such as Static-X, Rage Against the Machine, Godsmack, and Kid Rock. Other artists on WDZD included Rob Zombie, Collective Soul, Lenny Kravitz, Hole, The Black Crowes, silverchair, Korn, Marilyn Manson, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden, Beastie Boys, Smashing Pumpkins, AC/DC, Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Creed, Faith No More, Placebo, The Offspring, and Jonny Lang. DJs who joined the station on February 8 were Freaky Chick, Art, Monkey Boy from WWSK, and Pork Chop of KUFO in Portland, Oregon. Booger of WWXM was music director. Scrap Jackson, operations manager for Root Communications in Myrtle Beach, said the target audience was males in their 20s, and "93-5 is truly an alternative station as Webster defined it."
Because the signal could not be heard throughout the Myrtle Beach market (though Wilmington listeners could hear it), the station did not perform well. WDZD was changed to Memories from ABC Radio Networks, a soft oldies satellite format, in 2000, and the name became "Lite 2000".
Several years later, WDZD began airing the country music heard on WGTR, but the stations went their separate ways in 2005. WDZD became "La Que Buena 93.5, La Estación De Las Estrellas", with a Regional Mexican format and the call sign WLQB.
In 2013, WLQB became adult contemporary B93.5, with "Ocean Isle and Calabash's Best of the '80s, '90s, and Today!"
On May 15, 2014, Qantum Communications announced that it would sell its 29 stations, including WLQB, to Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), in a transaction connected to Clear Channel's sale of WALK AM-FM in Patchogue, New York to Connoisseur Media via Qantum. The transaction was consummated on September 9, 2014.
On May 5, 2017, WLQB returned to Regional Mexican as "El Patron". On February 28, 2019, the station changed the call sign to WLLZ. One week later, the call letters were swapped with WDTW-FM in Detroit. That station had changed formats on March 1 to one that used "WLLZ" in its branding (WLLZ was a set of heritage calls in the Detroit market which iHeartMedia was able to reserve and claim in order to facilitate the format switch). On March 15, 2019, the call sign was changed back to WLQB.
# Jacob's Room

Jacob's Room is the third novel by Virginia Woolf, first published on 26 October 1922.
The novel centres, in a very ambiguous way, around the life story of the protagonist Jacob Flanders and is presented almost entirely through the impressions other characters have of Jacob. Thus, although it could be said that the book is primarily a character study and has little in the way of plot or background, the narrative is constructed with a void in place of the central character if, indeed, the novel can be said to have a 'protagonist' in conventional terms.
Motifs of emptiness and absence haunt the novel and establish its elegiac feel. Jacob is described to us, but in such indirect terms that it would seem better to view him as an amalgam of the different perceptions of the characters and narrator. He does not exist as a concrete reality, but rather as a collection of memories and sensations.

## Plot summary

Set in pre-war England, the novel begins in Jacob's childhood and follows him through college at Cambridge and into adulthood. The story is told mainly through the perspectives of the women in Jacob's life, including the repressed upper-middle-class Clara Durrant and the uninhibited young art student Florinda, with whom he has an affair. His time in London forms a large part of the story, though towards the end of the novel he travels to Italy and then Greece.

## Literary significance

The novel is a departure from Woolf's earlier two novels, The Voyage Out (1915) and Night and Day (1919), which are more conventional in form and narration. The work is seen as an important modernist text; its experimental form is viewed as a progression of the innovative writing style Woolf presented in her earlier collection of short fiction titled Monday or Tuesday (1919).
# God and Man at Yale

God and Man at Yale: The Superstitions of "Academic Freedom" is a 1951 book by William F. Buckley Jr., based on his undergraduate experiences at Yale University. Buckley, then aged 25, criticized Yale for forcing collectivist, Keynesian, and secularist ideology on students, criticizing several professors by name, arguing that they tried to break down students' religious beliefs through their hostility to religion and that Yale was denying its students any sense of individualism by forcing them to embrace the ideas of liberalism. Buckley argued that the Yale charter assigns the authority for oversight of the university to the alumni, and that because most alumni of Yale believed in God, Yale was failing to serve its "masters" by teaching course content in a matter inconsistent with the beliefs of the alumni. Buckley eventually became a leading voice in the American conservative movement in the latter half of the twentieth century.

## Reviews and legacy

God and Man at Yale received some mixed or harsh reviews when it was first published, including those of Peter Viereck and McGeorge Bundy.
Many American academics and pundits underestimated the ultimate impact that the book and its author would have on American society, thinking that it would quickly fade into the background. Quite the opposite happened, as Buckley used it as a launching pad into the public eye. Buckley himself credited the attention his book received to its introduction, written by John Chamberlain, saying that it "chang[ed] the course of his life" and that the famous Life editorial writer had acted out of "reckless generosity". Buckley went on to be an active force in the conservative movement through the political magazine he started, National Review, and his television show Firing Line. The magazine and its creator played a crucial role in tying together the different factions of the arising conservative movement to form a potent political force.
George Will called the book "a lovers' quarrel with his alma mater". In 2002, the work was featured in the C-SPAN original series American Writers: A Journey Through History, which focused on American writers of significance over the society's first 400 years, in an episode entitled "Writings of Kirk and Buckley".
Assessments in 2011, sixty years after publication of the book include:
* "All-Time 100 Nonfiction Books" of Time magazine on "the 100 best and most influential [books] written in English since 1923" (the first publication year of Time)
* a National Review symposium on the book.
# EPWING

EPWING (Japanese: イーピーウィング) is the standard format for electronic dictionaries, primarily used for Japanese. A subset of EPWING V1 is standardized as JIS X 4081 ("Retrieval Data Structure for Japanese Electronic Publication").

## History

In 1986, Fujitsu, Iwanami Shoten, Sony and Dai Nippon Printing worked together to publish a new CD-ROM edition of Kōjien. They created a specification called "WING".
In 1988, after CD-ROM was standardized as ISO 9660, the WING specification was renamed to "EPWING" ("Electronic Publishing WING").

## File structure

The basic structure of EPWING is as follows:
The "HONMON" under "DATA" contains the index of pictures, audio data, and texts. External character data are placed under "GAIJI". The file names of external character data may differ between dictionaries.

## Software
### Commercial software

* ViewIng

### Others (free/shared)

* GoldenDict
* EBWin4 (Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine)
* EBView
* qolibri

## Software capable of reading EPWING

* Yomitan – A browser extension
* ebviewer
# Death Warmed Up

Death Warmed Up (released in the Philippines as Dr. Evil: Part II) is a 1984 New Zealand science fiction horror splatter zombie film directed by David Blyth. It stars Michael Hurst, Margaret Umbers and Gary Day.
The film's plot centres around a young man named Michael Tucker (Hurst) seeking revenge against a mad scientist (Day), who years earlier caused him to kill his parents because he is creating zombies.

## Plot

As a child, Michael Tucker (Michael Hurst) is used as a test subject for mind control drugs developed by evil scientist Dr. Howell (Gary Day), which cause him to unwittingly kill his parents. After spending seven years in a mental institution for the murders, Michael, his girlfriend Sandy (Margaret Umbers) and his two friends Jeannie (Norelle Scott) and Lucas (William Upjohn) use Michael's car, a black 1963 Ford Fairlane 500, to set out on a trip to a remote island on which Dr. Howell's clinic is located. Desperate for revenge, Michael is determined to infiltrate the scientist's base and kill him with no mercy. After tracking him down, he kills Howell's mob of mind controlled slaves who are both zombies, but in the resulting mayhem both Jeannie and Lucas are both killed. At last Michael proceeds to brutally kill Howell after repeatedly stabbing him in the stomach with a knife. After escaping from the clinic, Michael and Sandy return to their holiday home, only to discover that it caught fire. When Michael steps out to investigate the damage, he is struck by a falling electrical line and is electrocuted to death, leaving Sandy alone weeping over the loss of him as she's overcome with grief and starting to run.

## Cast

* Michael Hurst as Michael Tucker
* Margaret Umbers as Sandy
* Gary Day as Dr. Howell
* William Upjohn as Lucas
* Norelle Scott as Jeannie
* David Letch as Spider
* Bruno Lawrence as Tex
* Geoff Snell as Jannings
* Ian Watkin as Bill
* David Weatherley as Professor Tucker (Michael's father)
* Tina Greenville as Netty Tucker (Michael's mother)
* Nathaniel Lees as Jackson
* Karam Hau as Berry
* Jonathan Hardy as Ranji Gandhi
* Norman Fairley as Barman

## Release and response

The film won the Grand Prix award at the 1984 Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film. Despite this, general reception to Death Warmed Up was mixed. Some of the covers of Death Warmed Up show a brain surgeon who is a skeleton who is about to use a hypodermic needle and a surgical knife to operate on the brain of a girl which doesn't represent any scene of the film.
In the Philippines, the film was released as Dr. Evil: Part II on 1 May 1987.

### Banning in Australia

In 1985, the film was banned by the Australian Classification Board due to excessive violence. A censored version was later released.
# Tiznados River

Tiznados River is a river of Venezuela. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
# Orituco River

Orituco River is a river of Venezuela. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
# Walnut, North Carolina

Walnut in an unincorporated community in Madison County, North Carolina, United States. The community is named after the Walnut Mountains, located further north. Centered along Barnard Road (SR 1151), it is accessible via NC 213 and Walnut Drive (SR 1439), both connecting to nearby US 25/US 70 and northwest of Marshall. The community is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
# Old Town Hall, Altrincham

The Old Town Hall is a municipal building in Old Market Place, Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of the old borough of Altrincham, now forms part of a public house known as "Old Market Tavern", which is a grade II listed building.

## History

The first town hall in Altrincham was a two-storey, six-sided building dating from the 17th century, which formerly stood in the middle of Old Market Place. Also known as the Butter Market, it had been erected in 1684 by Lord Delamer, the lord of the manor: the lower storey was open and furnished with seats 'for the accommodation of parties bringing butter and other commodities to the market'. The upper floor was used for meetings of the court leet and other civic gatherings. The building also contained the town lock-up, and nearby were a set of stocks.
The second town hall was a small neoclassical style structure in the Old Market Place built in brick with white stucco and completed in 1849 (whereupon the old town hall was demolished). It was commissioned by the Earl of Stamford, whose country seat was at Dunham Massey Hall, to serve as a Town Hall and Market Hall for the borough. The original borough of Altrincham was administered by a court leet, which met in the council chamber on the first floor, until it was abolished under the Municipal Corporations Act 1883. The monthly Petty Sessions were also held here. The market hall was on the ground floor. The local volunteer fire brigade had space at the rear of the building where their manual fire engine was kept.
The design of the old town hall involved a symmetrical main frontage with three bays facing onto the Old Market Place; the left hand bay contained a carriage entrance while the other two bays contained round headed windows. The central bay, which slightly projected forward, featured an oriel window on the first floor and a clock tower with a bellcote and a weather vane above. (The bell from the old Butter Market was installed in the bellcote and used to strike the hours: inscribed as having been cast in Little Budworth and given by Henry, Lord Delamer, in 1684, it was also used to sound an alarm in the event of a fire.)
Following significant industrial growth, particularly in the Broadheath area after the businessman, Benjamin Tilghman, established the town as the British hub of the sandblasting industry, Altrincham became an urban district in 1895. In this context, the new council decided to erect a new town hall in Market Street. Subsequently, the Earl of Stamford sold the old town hall (together with the adjacent Unicorn Hotel) to Chester's Brewery Company. The complex, later known as the "Old Market Tavern", was sold by Punch Taverns to an undisclosed buyer in 2017.
# Fidelity Column

Fidelity Column, also known as Victory Monument, is a statue located in Heroes' Cemetery of Timișoara's Lipovei district. The statue was donated to Timișoara in 1853 by Emperor Franz Joseph I as a sign of his gratitude for the resistance shown during the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849. It is inscribed in the list of historical monuments with the code TM-IV-m-A-06330.

## History

Fidelity Column is almost 20 meters high, is made in neo-Gothic style, and the pedestal is a fortress with monsters reminiscent of Gothic cathedrals. They represented the defeated Hungarian revolutionaries during the siege of Timișoara (1849). The column was built three years later. The foundation stone of the monument dedicated to those who lost their lives in the siege was laid by Emperor Franz Joseph I himself. The inauguration took place in 1853, in Prinz-Eugen-Platz/Jenő herceg tér (present-day Liberty Square). The statue of Maria Theresa, mounted among the four pillars of the monument, is today in the courtyard of Huniade Castle and was restored in 2014. The empress was "beheaded" in 1918 during Béla Kun's revolution, and the monument stayed like this in the square until 1936, when it was moved for political reasons to the Heroes' Cemetery.
The monument was designed by architect Josef Kranner, who, among other things, restored and enlarged the St. Vitus Cathedral within Prague's Hradčany. Also, the statues of the Fidelity Column were made by sculptor Josef Max, responsible for one of the statues that adorn the famous Charles Bridge in Prague.
In 2013, the then mayor Nicolae Robu proposed the relocation of the monument from the Heroes' Cemetery to Nicolae Bălcescu Square. The local branch of UDMR vehemently opposed the initiative, considering the monument offensive to the Hungarian community in the city. The initiative was eventually abandoned.
# Giv'ot Eden

Giv'ot Eden (Hebrew: גבעות עדן, lit. 'Eden Hills') also spelled Geva'ot Eden, is a community settlement in central Israel, officially designated as such in 2023. Located in the Judean Mountains, 41.7 kilometres (25.9 mi) southwest of Jerusalem, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. As of 2024, there were 90 households at Giv'ot Eden, with a total population of 450 souls. The settlement sits in the Judean foothills, and rests at an elevation of 379 metres (1,243 ft) above sea-level.

## History

Prior to 1948, the territory was considered public lands owned by, both, Jews and Arabs living in Mandatory Palestine. Following the Armistice agreement of 1949 between Israel and Jordan, the land was officially recognized as territory falling under Israeli jurisdiction.
In 1997, the then Infrastructure Minister of Israel, Ariel Sharon, along with the Israel Land Administration, initiated the establishment of the settlement as part of a plan designed to increase the concentration of the Jewish population along the Green Line, similar to the Star Settlements plan initiated about ten years earlier. The plan was initially approved by the government in June of 1998.
The plan was promoted as an expansion of the Neve Michael settlement, and was intended to be called "Roglit B". In March 1999, the District Planning and Building Committee approved the plan for submission as a new neighborhood of Neve Michael. A representative of the Ministry of Environmental Protection opposed the plan, claiming that it contradicted the plan to establish a biosphere reserve in the entire area, which aimed to preserve landscape values and environmental quality and preserve ecological corridors.
In 2000, the National Planning and Building Council approved the establishment of a community settlement of 500 housing units on an area of approximately 1,000 dunams, with the possibility of expansion to 1,400 housing units. The suggested name of the community settlement went from Roglit B to Harei Eden to Giv'ot Eden, which last name was finally adopted. Part of the settlement area was established on agricultural land, which was used for field crops.
# Bang Khun Phrom MRT station

Bang Khun Phrom station (Thai: สถานีบางขุนพรหม) is an under construction Bangkok MRT station on the Purple Line. Part of the line's southern extension, it is expected to open at the end of 2027. The station is adjacent to Bang Khun Phrom Palace.