# Nikolaevsk, Alaska

Nikolaevsk (Russian: Никола́евск, IPA:) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP is 328, up from 318 in 2010. Nikolaevsk School serves school-age children from the area.

## History

The town was settled by a group of Old Believers from Oregon around 1968, and remains a largely ethnic Russian town to this day. The travels of the group from Russia, as well as the story of the founding of Nikolaevsk, is told in a 1972 article in National Geographic, a 2013 episode on the NatGeo channel called Russian Alaska, and a 2013 article in The Atlantic magazine.
The first church was built in 1983. The second church was constructed in 2014.
In May 2023, it became known that the Old Believers community of Nikolaevsk, Alaska, consisting of fr. Nikola Yakunin, his son Deacon Vasily Yakunin and about 20 families decided to join the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (semi-autonomous part of Moscow Patriarchate) on the rights of the edinoverie. It was reported that the community was largely Americanized and it turned out to be problematic to pray in the already almost forgotten Church Slavonic language. They planned to build a new church for the community in Homer, near Nikolaevsk, because the old church will remain under the jurisdiction of the Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church according to U.S. law.

## Geography

Nikolaevsk is on the west side of the Kenai Peninsula at 59°48′47″N 151°40′6″W﻿ / ﻿59.81306°N 151.66833°W﻿ / 59.81306; -151.66833 (59.813043, -151.668387). It is bordered to the south and west by the Anchor Point CDP and to the north by the Happy Valley CDP. Road access is via the North Fork Road, which junctions with the Sterling Highway 9 miles (14 km) to the west in Anchor Point.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90.2 km$^2$), all of it recorded as land. The North Fork of the Anchor River forms the southern border of the community, and the Chakok River forms the western border.
Nikolaevsk is in the boreal wet forest biome, according to the Holdridge life zones system.

## Climate

Nikolaevsk features a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc) with short, quite mild summers and long, cold winters. Nikolaevsk experiences a significant marine influence.
Homer 8 NW is a weather station near Nikolaevsk, at an elevation of 1080 ft (329 m).
Climate data for Homer 8 NW, Alaska, 1991-2020 normals, 1977-2020 extremes: 1080ft (329m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 53 (12) | 52 (11) | 54 (12) | 67 (19) | 76 (24) | 79 (26) | 81 (27) | 82 (28) | 69 (21) | 59 (15) | 51 (11) | 46 (8) | 82 (28) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 40.5 (4.7) | 41.7 (5.4) | 44.3 (6.8) | 51.8 (11.0) | 64.5 (18.1) | 69.3 (20.7) | 70.8 (21.6) | 69.1 (20.6) | 61.0 (16.1) | 52.4 (11.3) | 43.2 (6.2) | 40.0 (4.4) | 73.2 (22.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 28.1 (−2.2) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 32.9 (0.5) | 41.8 (5.4) | 50.9 (10.5) | 57.2 (14.0) | 60.5 (15.8) | 59.6 (15.3) | 52.7 (11.5) | 41.9 (5.5) | 32.6 (0.3) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 43.2 (6.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 23.2 (−4.9) | 25.5 (−3.6) | 26.9 (−2.8) | 35.5 (1.9) | 43.6 (6.4) | 49.8 (9.9) | 53.8 (12.1) | 53.0 (11.7) | 46.7 (8.2) | 36.7 (2.6) | 27.7 (−2.4) | 24.5 (−4.2) | 37.2 (2.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.3 (−7.6) | 20.4 (−6.4) | 20.8 (−6.2) | 29.2 (−1.6) | 36.4 (2.4) | 42.4 (5.8) | 47.0 (8.3) | 46.4 (8.0) | 40.7 (4.8) | 31.5 (−0.3) | 22.9 (−5.1) | 19.9 (−6.7) | 31.3 (−0.4) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −1.2 (−18.4) | 3.4 (−15.9) | 4.9 (−15.1) | 17.1 (−8.3) | 28.5 (−1.9) | 35.5 (1.9) | 40.6 (4.8) | 39.1 (3.9) | 30.8 (−0.7) | 18.8 (−7.3) | 8.8 (−12.9) | 4.1 (−15.5) | −4.9 (−20.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −30 (−34) | −19 (−28) | −6 (−21) | −2 (−19) | 19 (−7) | 29 (−2) | 32 (0) | 31 (−1) | 19 (−7) | 2 (−17) | −12 (−24) | −17 (−27) | −30 (−34) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.08 (53) | 1.88 (48) | 1.24 (31) | 1.41 (36) | 1.24 (31) | 1.57 (40) | 2.33 (59) | 3.26 (83) | 4.56 (116) | 3.63 (92) | 3.19 (81) | 3.34 (85) | 29.73 (755) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 17.60 (44.7) | 17.20 (43.7) | 13.30 (33.8) | 6.50 (16.5) | 0.60 (1.5) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.60 (1.5) | 4.70 (11.9) | 13.70 (34.8) | 26.40 (67.1) | 100.6 (255.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 12.8 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 14.1 | 16.3 | 18.0 | 16.3 | 13.6 | 16.0 | 163.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 10.1 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 56.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2 (records & monthly max/mins) ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Nikolaevsk first reported on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).
| Largest ancestries (2000) | Percent |
| Russian | 67.5% |
| German | 7.5% |
| English | 7.2% |
| Irish | 3.6% |
| French | 2.6% |
| Dutch | 1.0% |
| Hungarian | 1.0% |
| Swedish | 1.0% |
| American | 1.0% |
| Languages (2000) | Percent |
| Spoke Russian at home | 66.57% |
| Spoke English at home | 33.43% |
| Spoke English "not well" or "not at all." | 5.52% |
As of the census of 2000, there were 345 people, 96 households, and 72 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 9.5 inhabitants per square mile (3.7/km$^2$). There were 122 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile (1.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.74% Caucasian, 1.74% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 1.16% Pacific Islander, 2.03% from other races, and 13.04% from two or more races. 0.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Out of the 96 households, 57.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.59 and the average family size was 4.33.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 45.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 3.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,625, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $10,956 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,390. About 15.8% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.