# Los Alamos County, New Mexico

Los Alamos County (English: "The Poplars" or "Cottonwoods"; Spanish: Condado de Los Álamos) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,419. The smallest county by area in the state, Los Alamos County was formerly administered exclusively by the U.S. federal government during the Manhattan Project, but it now has equal status to New Mexico's other counties. The county has two census-designated places: Los Alamos and White Rock.
Los Alamos County comprises the Los Alamos Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area.
The county is home to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos County is noted for having the lowest level of child poverty of any county in the United States.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 109 square miles (280 km$^2$), of which 109 square miles (280 km$^2$) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km$^2$) (0.08%) is water. It is the smallest county by area in New Mexico. There is no significant open water in the county. The county's highest point is located along its northern border, near the summit of Caballo Mountain, at 10,480 feet (3,190 m) above sea level.

### Adjacent counties

* Rio Arriba County – north, northwest, northeast
* Santa Fe County – east
* Sandoval County – south, southwest

### Pueblos with adjacent territories

* Santa Clara Pueblo – northeast
* San Ildefonso Pueblo – east

### National protected areas

* Bandelier National Monument (part)
* Santa Fe National Forest (part)

## Demographics
### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 18,343 people, 7,497 households, and 5,337 families living in the county. The population density was 168 people per square mile (65 people/km$^2$). There were 7,937 housing units at an average density of 73 units per square mile (28/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 90.3% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.8% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. 11.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 7,497 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 101.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $78,993, and the median income for a family was $90,032. Males had a median income of $70,063 versus $40,246 for females. The per capita income for the county was $34,646. 2.9% of the population and 1.9% of families were below the poverty line. 1.8% of those under the age of 18 and 4.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 17,950 people, 7,663 households, and 5,199 families living in the county. The population density was 164.4 inhabitants per square mile (63.5/km$^2$). There were 8,354 housing units at an average density of 76.5 units per square mile (29.5 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 87.8% white, 6.0% Asian, 0.8% American Indian, 0.6% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 2.2% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 14.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 18.9% were German, 16.5% were English, 13.2% were Irish, and 6.5% were American.
Of the 7,663 households, 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.2% were non-families, and 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.86. The median age was 44.3 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $103,643 and the median income for a family was $118,993. Males had a median income of $93,040 versus $51,753 for females. The per capita income for the county was $49,474. About 1.4% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### County council

The county council was created by the Los Alamos County Charter. The council consists of seven members elected at large for four-year, staggered terms. Each year the seven councilors select the new chair and vice chair.
| Position | Name | Party reg. |
| County Councilor, Chair | Theresa Cull | Democrat |
| County Councilor, Vice Chair | Suzie Havemann | Democrat |
| County Councilor, At-large | Randall Ryti | Democrat |
| County Councilor, At–large | David Reagor | Republican |
| County Councilor, At–large | Melanee Hand | Democrat |
| County Councilor, At–large | Ryn Herrmann | Democrat |
| County Councilor, At–large | Beverly Neal-Clinton | Democrat |

### County offices

| Name | Position | Party reg. |
| County Assessor | George Chandler | Democrat |
| County Clerk | Michael Redondo | Democrat |
| Municipal Judge | Elizabeth K. Allen | Democrat |
| Probate Judge | Perry Klare | Democrat |
| Sheriff | Jason Wardlow Herrera | Democrat |

## Quality of life

In a study conducted by American City Business Journals in 2004, Los Alamos County topped the list as the best place to live in the United States in terms of quality of life. This was attributed to the high levels of job stability, income and education of Los Alamos residents, many of whom are employed as scientists and engineers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The county has one of the highest number of PhDs per capita and the 2011 median household income of $110,204 per year is the second highest among all the counties in the U.S. In per capita income, Los Alamos County ranks 1st in New Mexico and 7th in the United States, and has the second-lowest level of poverty in the United States, and the lowest level of child poverty. Other factors contributing to Los Alamos's high quality-of-life index were the access to affordable housing and short commuting times.
In 2021, Los Alamos County was judged by the U.S. News & World Report to be the healthiest of 3,143 counties and county-equivalents of the United States based on 84 different factors. Residents of the county lived 83.4 years on the average compared to the U.S. average of 77.5 years.

## Communities

* Los Alamos (county seat)
* White Rock

## Education

All of the county is in the boundary of Los Alamos Public Schools. Los Alamos High School is the comprehensive high school.

## Energy
### Current energy resources

Starting in 1985, Los Alamos County, including both the White Rock and Los Alamos communities, has shared energy resources with the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Resource Breakdown :
| Resource | Type | Amount (MW) |
| Power Purchase Agreement | Mixed | 45 |
| LANL Combustion Turbine | Gas | 25 |
| Abiquiu Hydroelectric | Hydro | 17 |
| Laramie River Station | Coal | 10 |
| Western Area Power Adm. | Hydro | 10 |
| El Vado Hydroelectric | Hydro | 9 |
| East Jemez Photovoltaic | Solar | 1 |
| Purchased Power Contracts | Variable | — |
| Transmission Arrangements | Variable | — |

### Future energy resources

Both Los Alamos County and the Los Alamos National Laboratory are trying to reduce their respective carbon emissions in order to help mitigate the continually worsening dangers of climate change. In 2015, Los Alamos County joined with the Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems in the Carbon Free Power Project. The Project planned to use NuScale Power’s Small Module Reactor design to provide nuclear energy to counties across the United States, but was cancelled in 2023 because of cost increases. Los Alamos’ history is tied to nuclear energy, which has an environmental impact comparable to that of renewables as a source of domestic power. This is true of both large and small module reactors.

## Politics

Formerly solidly Republican, Los Alamos County has voted Democratic since 2008. In 2024, Democratic nominee Kamala Harris won the highest percentage of the vote in the county since 1964.
It has seen high percentages of third-party votes in years with major third-party candidates, such as with John B. Anderson in 1980, Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996, and Gary Johnson in 2012 and 2016. Los Alamos County had the highest percentage of support for Gary Johnson in New Mexico in the 2016 election, at 13.89% (a total of 1,512 votes out of 10,885 cast).
United States presidential election results for Los Alamos County, New Mexico :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 4,047 | 33.21% | 7,726 | 63.40% | 414 | 3.40% |
| 2020 | 4,278 | 34.80% | 7,554 | 61.45% | 461 | 3.75% |
| 2016 | 3,359 | 30.86% | 5,562 | 51.10% | 1,964 | 18.04% |
| 2012 | 4,796 | 45.02% | 5,191 | 48.72% | 667 | 6.26% |
| 2008 | 5,064 | 45.75% | 5,824 | 52.62% | 181 | 1.64% |
| 2004 | 5,810 | 51.89% | 5,206 | 46.49% | 181 | 1.62% |
| 2000 | 5,623 | 55.03% | 4,149 | 40.60% | 446 | 4.36% |
| 1996 | 4,999 | 50.33% | 3,983 | 40.10% | 950 | 9.57% |
| 1992 | 4,320 | 40.59% | 3,897 | 36.62% | 2,425 | 22.79% |
| 1988 | 6,622 | 65.22% | 3,275 | 32.26% | 256 | 2.52% |
| 1984 | 6,882 | 69.60% | 2,859 | 28.91% | 147 | 1.49% |
| 1980 | 5,460 | 58.19% | 2,368 | 25.24% | 1,555 | 16.57% |
| 1976 | 5,383 | 64.43% | 2,890 | 34.59% | 82 | 0.98% |
| 1972 | 5,039 | 66.09% | 2,435 | 31.94% | 150 | 1.97% |
| 1968 | 3,447 | 54.92% | 2,552 | 40.66% | 277 | 4.41% |
| 1964 | 1,895 | 33.32% | 3,767 | 66.23% | 26 | 0.46% |
| 1960 | 2,574 | 48.72% | 2,692 | 50.96% | 17 | 0.32% |
| 1956 | 2,406 | 51.98% | 2,214 | 47.83% | 9 | 0.19% |
| 1952 | 2,226 | 49.30% | 2,281 | 50.52% | 8 | 0.18% |