OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Pickersgill

Richard Pickersgill (18 April 1749 – July 1779) was an English naval officer who accompanied the sailor and explorer James Cook on two of his Pacific voyages.
Richard Pickersgill was born in 1749 in West Tanfield, near Ripon, to Richard and Ann Pickersgill (née Lee). Pickersgill was the nephew of John Lee, the servant of George Jackson, a senior officer in the Admiralty. It is believed that his uncle managed to position him through his relationships on his first ships.
In 1766, at the age of 17, he participated in the circumnavigation of the world under Captain Samuel Wallis on HMS Dolphin. Two years later, on 26 August 1768, Pickersgill belonged as a Master's mate on HMS Endeavour, which set off with James Cook to its first South Sea voyage. On this trip he also impressed Cook, who had a high opinion of his skills as a surveyor, his dealings with the indigenous peoples they encountered, and his judgment. When Robert Molineux, the Master of the Endeavour, died on the return journey to England, Pickersgill was promoted to Master on 16 April 1771. After his return to London, Pickersgill was promoted on Cook's recommendation to Lieutenant. On 13 July 1772, Cook began his second expedition with HMS Resolution, and Richard Pickersgill joined as the Third Lieutenant.
He did not accompany Cook on his third voyage, but in April 1776 took command of the ship Lyon and was sent to Baffin Bay on the east coast of Canada.
Richard Pickersgill died in 1779 at the age of 30, when he accidentally fell into the Thames River when boarding a ship and drowned.
According to Richard Pickersgill, the Pickersgill Islands off South Georgia in the South Atlantic and Pickersgill Harbour, a natural harbour in New Zealand, were named after him.
# Vancouver iTech Preparatory

Vancouver iTech Preparatory (iTech Prep) is a public school located in Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, USA operated by Vancouver Public Schools.
It is a public STEM Magnet school for grades 6-12. The middle school program for grades 6-8 used to be operated at the Jim Parsley Community Center (J.P.C.C.) and the high school program for grades 9-12 at the main campus within Washington State University Vancouver.
The school now operates with all grades combined in their new building dedicated 2020.
The school focuses on STEM subjects (classes such as Physics, Algebra (1 and 2), Geometry, Pre Calculus, Statistics, Psychology, Sociology, Astronomy, Environmental Science and Zoology) while using project-based learning, where a student is taught something then creates a workpiece that shows that the student learned what was taught.
iTech also has in the past worked with WSUV and Clark College to get early college programs available to students who have spent at least 1 semester in the high school program.
The principal is Darby Meade and the associate principal is Zachary Tautfest.
# Reef Hobbyist Magazine

Reef Hobbyist Magazine, founded in 2007 in California, is a reef-focused magazine that teaches hobbyists of all levels how to succeed at reef-keeping. The magazine is published in print in the U.S. and is also available online for free to hobbyists through its website. There was also a Chinese version published for readers in Asia, but it is no longer being published. Having an emphasis on responsible reef-keeping, many of the articles offer information on captive breeding and propagation of reef fish and corals. The hard copy magazine comes out quarterly and can be found in local fish stores across the U.S. By 2019, one of the founders of Reef Hobbyist Magazine co-founded Aquarium Hobbyist Magazine, a freshwater-focused magazine addressing all types of freshwater aquariums.
# Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen

Kamaladdin Pirmoazzen (Persian: ‌کمال‌الدین پیرمؤذن; born 1959) is an Iranian reformist politician. Pirmoazzen was born in Ardabil. He was a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn with Mansour Haghighatpour and Mostafa Afzalifard. Pirmoazzen won with 90,634 (35.36%) votes.
# Jacob Epstein (banker)

Jacob Epstein (1771 – 16 August 1843) was a Polish banker and philanthropist of Jewish descent. In early manhood he went to Warsaw, where he succeeded in amassing a large fortune and became one of the most prominent figures in the old Polish capital. He was the first Jew in Warsaw to discard the old-style Jewish garb and to dress himself and his family in European fashion. In the November Uprising of 1830–31 Epstein took the part of the faction in favor of independence for Poland, and was an officer in the insurrectionary army; but later he seems to have completely regained the favor of the Russian government, as is evidenced by his appointment as banker of the treasury commission of the Kingdom of Poland in 1838.
Epstein was the founder and president of the Jewish hospital at Warsaw, on which he spent large sums and which he raised to a high standard of efficiency. Tsar Nicholas I, who visited the institution, conferred on Epstein the title of "hereditary honorary citizen." The high respect in which Epstein was held by the Christian population of Warsaw is best indicated by his election to membership in the commission of charities, which consisted mostly of Polish noblemen.
# Sterculia foetida

Sterculia foetida is a soft-wooded tree that can grow up to 35 metres (115 feet) tall. Common names for the plant are the bastard poon tree, Java olive tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree, and skunk tree.

## Description

The branches of Sterculia foetida are arranged in whorls; they spread horizontally. The tree's bark is smooth and gray. The leaves are placed at the end of branchlets; they have petioles ranging from 12.5 and 23 centimetres (4.9 and 9.1 inches) in length; the blades are palmately compound, containing 7–9 leaflets. The leaflets are elliptical, 100–170 mm long, and shortly petioled. The petioles are the source of the foul smell of the plant. The flowers are arranged in panicles, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long. The green or purple flowers are large and unisexual as the tree is dioecious (male and female flowers are found on different trees). The pollens are oval in shape, approximately 40 microns in length. The calyx is dull orange and is divided into five sepals, each one 10–13 millimetres (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) long. The fruit consists of four to five follicles, each follicle generally containing 10–15 seeds. The follicles are scarlet when ripe. In India, flowers appear in March, and the leaves appear between March and April. At Hyderabad (India), flowering was observed in September–October (2015) with ripened fruits on the top part and young green fruits at the lower branches. The fruit is ripe in February (11 months after the flowers appeared).

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. It is the type species of the genus Sterculia and both names mean bad-smelling: the name Sterculia comes from Sterquilinus, the Roman god of fertilizer or manure.

## Distribution

Sterculia foetida has been found in many areas, including India, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Indochina, the Philippines (where it is known as kalumpang), United States (Hawaii), Indonesia, Ghana, Australia, Mozambique, and Togo.

## Toxicity and uses

The oil of Sterculia foetida has been found to be comparable to sunflower, soybean, and grapeseed oils for the use of biofuels. Sterculia foetida oil contains cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA) such as 8,9 methylene-heptadec-8-enoic acid (malvalic acid) and 9,10-methylene-ocadec-9-enoic acid (sterculic acid). The flash point, iodine value, free fatty acid count, phosphorus content, cloud point, pour point, viscosity at 40 °C, oxidative stability at 110 °C, density, and trace metal count are all within ASTM and EN specifications.
Evidence suggests that the seeds are edible, but purgative, and should be roasted prior to eating. At least one review indicates that CPFA such as sterculic acid are carcinogenic, co-carcinogenic, and have medical and other effects on animals; according to this review, "CPFA in food is dangerous to human health".
In Vietnam, the tree is called Trôm and its sap is harvested to use as a soft drink called "Mủ Trôm".

## Gallery

* Pollen
* Follicle and seeds - MHNT
* Points marked in red are known occurrences of Stercula foetida
* Fruit and leaves
* leaves and tree
* The flower in the lower part seems to have two styles.
# You're a Jerk

"You're a Jerk" is a song by American hip hop duo New Boyz from their debut studio album Skinny Jeanz and a Mic. It was produced by New Boyz member Legacy, and peaked at #24 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Matt Alonzo of Skee. TV. At the beginning of the video Legacy gets a text message reading "You're a jerk". It then cuts to more people dancing on the street. Tyga and Paul Wall make cameos in the video. The video contains dancing by popular jerkin' crews UF Jerk Kings, The Ranger$ and Action Figures. The leaked and the video version of the song samples "Scotty" by Fabo of D4L.

## Track listing
### Digital download

* "You're a Jerk" - 3:09

### Digital download EP

* "You're a Jerk" - 3:09
* "You're a Jerk" (music video) - 3:20

### "You're a Jerk/Dot Com" Maxi Single

* "You're a Jerk" (Webstar Remix) - 3:47
* "You're a Jerk" (Fabo Remix) - 3:47
* "You're a Jerk" (JumpSmoker Remix) - 3:22
* "You're a Jerk (Versatile Remix) - 5:50
* "Dot Com" - 3:31
# 2025 in Zimbabwe

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events of 2025 in Zimbabwe.

## Incumbents

* President: Emmerson Mnangagwa
* Vice President: Constantino Chiwenga

## Events

* 13 February – A bus collides with a truck near Beitbridge, killing 24 people and injuring 30 others.
* 9 March – A dam collapses at a farm in Chipinge, killing five people and leaving two others missing.

## Holidays

Source:
* 1 January - New Year's Day
* 21 February - National Youth Day
* 18 April – Independence Day
* 18 April – Good Friday
* 19 April – Holy Saturday
* 20 April - Easter Sunday
* 21 April - Easter Monday
* 1 May - Labour Day
* 25 May - Africa Day
* 8 August - Heroes' Day
* 12 August - Defence Forces Day
* 22 December – National Unity Day
* 25 December – Christmas Day
* 26 December – Boxing Day
# Emanuel Bronner

Emanuel Theodore Bronner (born Emanuel Heilbronner; February 1, 1908 – March 7, 1997) was the founder of Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps. He used product labels to promote his moral and religious ideas, including a belief in the goodness and unity of humanity.

## History

Bronner was born in Heilbronn, Germany, to the Heilbronner family of soap makers. He emigrated to the United States in 1929, dropping "Heil" from his name due to its association with Nazism. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1936. As his family was Jewish, he pleaded with his parents to emigrate with him for fear of the then-ascendant Nazi Party, but they refused. His last contact with his parents was in the form of a censored postcard saying, "You were right. —Your loving father." His parents were murdered in the Holocaust.
* Bronner's 1936 naturalization certificate making him a U.S. citizen
* Portrait from the naturalization certificate

## Career

He started his business making products such as castile soap by hand in his home. The product labels are crowded with statements of Bronner's philosophy, which he called "All-One-God-Faith" and the "Moral ABC", both of which he included on the label of every soap bottle he produced. Many of Bronner's references came from Jewish and Christian sources, such as the Shema and the Beatitudes; others from writers such as Rudyard Kipling and Thomas Paine. On his labels, he referred to the Jewish sage Hillel the Elder as "Rabbi Hillel" and to Jesus Christ as "Rabbi Jesus." The labels became famous for their idiosyncratic style, including hyphens to join long strings of words and the liberal use of exclamation marks.
In 1946, while promoting his "Moral ABC" at the University of Chicago, Bronner was arrested for refusing to leave the dean's office, despite the fact he was invited to the campus to lecture by a local student group, and then was committed to the Elgin Mental Health Center, a mental hospital in Elgin, Illinois, from which he escaped after shock treatments. Bronner believed those shock treatments brought about his eventual blindness.
After escaping from Elgin, Bronner hitch-hiked to Los Angeles, California. Over time Bronner started a family and eventually settled in Escondido, California, where his soap-making operation grew into a small factory. At his death in 1997, it produced more than a million bottles of soap and other products per year, but was still not mechanized. The firm has been the subject of many published articles and has supported many charitable causes.

## Legacy

After Bronner's death, his family has continued to run the business. His grandson David Bronner is currently CEO.
His life was the subject of a 2007 documentary film, Dr. Bronner's Magic Soapbox, which premiered on the Sundance TV channel, on 3 July 2007.
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has a ship, the MV Emanuel Bronner, donated by the soap company.
# Ammu Aahotepre

'Ammu Aahotepre was a pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty who ruled over parts of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

## Attestations

This king is poorly attested, see Ryholt 1997:364-365 File 14:4. Like other kings of the dynasty, scarab seals are the only surviving evidence for his reign.

### Scarab seals

'Ammu Aahotepre has 61 seals bearing his name: 30 for the nomen 'Ammu and 32 for the prenomen Aahotepre. The theory that 'Ammu and Aahotepre refer to the same ruler is not certain.
At Tell el-Ajjul, a scarab bearing the nomen of this king was discovered by Flinders Petrie in 1933.

#### Prenomen Aahotepre

Scarab seals from 1x Lachish, 2x Tell el-Ajjul, 1x Canaan (?), 1x Delta (?), 27x Provenance Unknown.

#### Nomen 'Ammu

Scarab seals from 2x Tell el-Ajjul, 1x Abydos, 1x Semna, 26x Provenance Unknown.

## Theories

His reign is believed to have lasted about 15 years, from 1760 BC until 1745 BC.

### Identification

Ryholt (1997) identified king 'Ammu with Aahotepre in his reconstruction of the Turin canon. Von Beckerath (1964) had previously assigned the prenomen Aahotepre to a pharaoh of the Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt.
# Edition Spielwiese

Edition Spielwiese is a publisher for board and card games that is based in Berlin, Germany. It was founded with the intention of bringing the gaming experience of the Spielwiese café to a wider audience. The company publishes a range of games, encompassing various genres and complexity levels, sourced from both new and established designers.

## History and background

Edition Spielwiese was established as an extension of the Spielwiese café, a gaming venue in Berlin. The café itself serves as a testing ground for the publisher's selection of games. The company's founding principles centered on sharing the cafe's curated gaming experiences with a broader market, moving beyond the limitations of the cafe.

## Published games

Source:
* MicroMacro: Crime City
* MicroMacro: Crime City – Full House
* Cottage Garden
* MicroMacro: Crime City – All In
* Indian Summer
# Relish (magazine)

Relish is an American cooking, food, and lifestyle magazine, website, and cooking show founded in 2006. Each month, the magazine features articles on cooking, dining, recipes, and entertaining.
The magazine is published by New York City and Nashville-based PGoA Media.

## Editors

* Jill Melton (2006–present)
# GeoGuessr World Cup

The GeoGuessr World Cup is the top level of professional GeoGuessr competition worldwide. This single-player in-person esports event is organized by GeoGuessr and was held in Stockholm, Sweden, for both the 2023 and 2024 editions. The upcoming edition, rebranded as the Geoguessr World Championship, will be held between 29–30 August 2025, in Copenhagen, Denmark.

## History

After co-sponsoring the GeoGuessr Team World Cup in October 2022 to great success, the company launched their own official edition of the event for individual competitors. World Cups and other official events, such as regional qualifiers and finals, have been hosted annually since 2023 and broadcast to sites like Twitch.

## Format

The World Cup is divided into several stages. All participants take part in the group phase. The best player from each group advances directly to the quarter-finals, while the second and third-placed players compete in an intermediate stage for a chance to qualify as well. The tournament continues with the semi-finals and the final, which determines the overall winner. All matches are duels played over 10 rounds of 60 seconds each.

## Events
### GeoGuessr World Cup 2023

On 13–14 October, 2023, GeoGuessr hosted the inaugural GeoGuessr World Cup at SPACE Arena in Stockholm. The tournament featured 24 participants representing 21 countries, with a $50,000 prize pool. The event was broadcast on Twitch, with commentary from streamers such as Trevor Rainbolt, Mohan Govindasamy, and Pala Gilroy Sen. The tournament was eventually won by Dutch player Patrick "Consus" Noordijk, who defeated French player Mathieu "Blinky" Huet in the finals.

### GeoGuessr World Cup 2024

The second World Cup took place from 11–14 September, 2024, beginning with a group knock-out stage. The final was held at the Blue Hall at Stockholm City Hall, and concluded with 2023 runner-up Blinky winning 3–2 over American player Robert "MK" Falconio, taking home $25,678 as a first-place prize.

## Seasons

| Year | Venue | Winner | Runner-up | Other semi-finalists |
| 2023 | Space Arena, Stockholm | Consus | Blinky | Radu Fau |
| 2024 | Stockholm City Hall, Stockholm | Blinky | MK | Orlando Fau |
| 2025 | K.B. Hallen, Copenhagen | | |
# Clarkson (surname)

Clarkson is a common English surname.

## Etymology

It is derived from a patronymic form of an occupational name. The surname means "son of the clerk", and refers to a scribe or secretary. The surname is derived from the Old English clerc, clerec, which means priest; the Old English words were later reinforced by the Old French form of the word clerc. Both the Old English and Old French words are from the Late Latin clericus, which is derived from the Greek klerikos, which is in turn a derivative of kleros, which means "inheritance", "legacy".
An early instances of the surname in English records is "le Clerkissone", in 1308; "Clerksone", in 1332; and "Clarkson", in 1491.

## Persons with the surname

* Adrienne Clarkson (born 1939), Governor General of Canada
* Alastair Clarkson (born 1968), Australian football player and coach
* A. E. Clarkson (Albert Ernest Clarkson 1876–1936), South Australian businessman
* Alison H. Clarkson (born 1955), American politician
* Amelia Clarkson (born 1997), English actress
* Bayard D. Clarkson (born 1926), American physician, hematologist, and oncologist
* Bob Clarkson (born 1939), New Zealand politician
* Courtney Clarkson (born 1991), Australian football player
* David Clarkson (disambiguation)
** David Clarkson (born 1984), ice hockey player
* Ellis Clarkson (c. 1885 — October 1947) English rugby player
* Jeremy Clarkson (born 1960), English motoring journalist
* John Clarkson (1861–1909), American baseball player
* John Clarkson (abolitionist) (1764–1828) British Royal Navy officer and founder of Freetown, Sierra Leone
* Jordan Clarkson (born 1992), Filipino-American basketball player
* Julian Clarkson, English baritone
* Kelly Clarkson (born 1982), American Idol winner; singer/songwriter
* Kenneth L. Clarkson, American computer scientist
* Kevin Clarkson, Attorney General of Alaska
* Lana Clarkson (1962–2003), American actress and murder victim
* Margaret Clarkson (born 1941), English artist
* Nathaniel James Clarkson (born 1978), British record producer, aka Nat Clarxon & NJC
* Patricia Clarkson (born 1959), American actress
* Phil Clarkson, English footballer
* Robert Clarkson, American tax protester
* Ross W. Clarkson (born 1963, Australian cinematographer and film director
* Stephen Clarkson (1937–2016), Canadian political scientist
* Stu Clarkson (1919–1957), American football player
* Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846), British abolitionist
* Tony Clarkson (born 1939), English cricketer
* Walter Clarkson (1878–1946), American baseball player
* William Clarkson (disambiguation)
** William Clarkson (1859–1934) Australian vice admiral
** Willy Clarkson (1861–1934), theatrical costume designer and wigmaker

## Fictional characters

* Tom Clarkson, a fictional character in the BBC television drama Waterloo Road, played by Jason Done.
* Louise Clarkson, a fictional character in the American TV series, Everybody Hates Chris, played by Whoopi Goldberg.
* Myles Clarkson, played by Alan Alda in the 1971 American horror film, The Mephisto Waltz
# Adán Vergara

Adán Jonathan Vergara Villagra (born 9 May 1981 in Iquique) is a Chilean football player and who currently plays for San Antonio Unido in Chile. He is an experienced and powerful central defender.

## Club career

Vergara started his career with Universidad de Chile in 1988. In 1993, he moved to Cobreloa where he had his professional debut in the first division in 1998. He played at Cobreloa, in the first division for six years, winning three Chilean Championships. He participated in five Copa Libertadores.
He first played outside Chile for Atlante. After this, he played the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol in 2005 with Vasco da Gama, in a team that also counted the national famous player, Romário, until end of season. He came back to Chile and played for Unión Española in 2006, he impressed with his abilities. In February 2008, he signed a contract with FC Zürich, beginning a career in European football. In 2009, Adan went to loan by FC Lucerne, also in Switzerland, to strengthen their defense. In 2009, after 2 matches, he received a propose to play in Asia with Chinese club Dalian Shide making it one of the Chilean players with more experience of the current. In 2010, he signed with Universidad Católica, in Chile. In 2011, he go to Santiago Wanderers and 2012 playing in Mineros de Guayana, Venezuela.

## International career

Vergara made his debut Chile National Team in 2001, in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship. He played many tournament in the National Team with U20 and U23 until 2004.

## Coaching career

He graduated as a football manager in 2017. Since 2018 he has worked in the Cobreloa youth system, being also confirmed as coach of the women under-17 team in 2020.

## Personal life

Vergara is married to Cherry de Paula, a Brazilian dancer who came to Chile along with his dancing group Porto Seguro at the beginning of the 2000s.

## Honours
### Club
#### Cobreloa

* Primera División de Chile (3): 2003 Apertura, 2003 Clausura, 2004 Clausura

#### Universidad Católica

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2010