OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hartmut Löwen

Hartmut Löwen (born May 23, 1963, in Hamm) is a German physicist working in the field of statistical mechanics and soft matter physics.

## Career

Löwen studied physics, mathematics and chemistry at the Technical University of Dortmund beginning in 1982. He graduated in physics in 1986, and obtained his doctorate in 1987 on phase transitions in Polaron systems with Bernd Gerlach. With Gerlach, he proved the non-existence of phase transitions for many phonon systems and especially polaron systems, in contrast to what was previously expected. He then worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, where he completed his habilitation in 1993 with Herbert Wagner. In 1990/91 he was at the École normale supérieure de Lyon with Jean-Pierre Hansen. Since 1995 he has been a full professor at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf. He has also been visiting professor at the University of Cambridge and the Sapienza University of Rome in Rome.

## Research

Löwen's fields of research include statistical physics colloidal suspensions, polymer physics, physics of self-propelled active particles and swimming micro-organisms, physics of biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA, Glass transition, melting processes and crystal growth, liquid crystals, density functional theory, polaron systems.
In 1994, he received a Heisenberg grant and the Gerhard Hess Prize of the German Research Foundation (DFG). In 2003 he received the Gentner-Kastler-Preis of the German Physical Society.

## Notable publications

* Bechinger, Clemens; Di Leonardo, Roberto; Löwen, Hartmut; Reichhardt, Charles; Volpe, Giorgio; Volpe, Giovanni (23 November 2016). "Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments". Reviews of Modern Physics. 88 (4): 045006. arXiv:1602.00081. Bibcode:2016RvMP...88d5006B. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.045006. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 14940249.
* Buttinoni, Ivo; Bialké, Julian; Kümmel, Felix; Löwen, Hartmut; Bechinger, Clemens; Speck, Thomas (5 June 2013). "Dynamical Clustering and Phase Separation in Suspensions of Self-Propelled Colloidal Particles". Physical Review Letters. 110 (23): 238301. arXiv:1305.4185. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110w8301B. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.238301. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 25167534. S2CID 17127522.
* Wensink, H. H.; Dunkel, J.; Heidenreich, S.; Drescher, K.; Goldstein, R. E.; Lowen, H.; Yeomans, J. M. (20 August 2012). "Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (36): 14308–14313. arXiv:1208.4239. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10914308W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202032109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3437854. PMID 22908244.
* Löwen, Hartmut (1994). "Melting, freezing and colloidal suspensions". Physics Reports. 237 (5). Elsevier BV: 249–324. Bibcode:1994PhR...237..249L. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)90017-5. ISSN 0370-1573.
* Likos, C. N.; Löwen, H.; Watzlawek, M.; Abbas, B.; Jucknischke, O.; Allgaier, J.; Richter, D. (18 May 1998). "Star Polymers Viewed as Ultrasoft Colloidal Particles". Physical Review Letters. 80 (20). American Physical Society (APS): 4450–4453. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.4450L. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.4450. ISSN 0031-9007.
# Israel Sadan

Israel Sadan (Hebrew: ישראל סדן; born 4 April 1947) is a former Commander of MAGAV (the Israeli Border Police) and a former mayor of Hadera who was convicted of bribing city council members.

## Biography

Sadan was born in Hadera. He joined the Israeli Police after completing his compulsory military service. In the early 1990s, he became the commander of the Haifa district of the Israeli police and, in 1995, he was appointed to be the commander of MAGAV. As commander of Magav, he opened the ranks for female soldiers.
After retiring, he quickly joined the political world and ran for Mayor of Hadera in 1998. He won the elections with more than 60% of the votes.
After a successful first term, Sadan ran again in 2003 and won with 43% of the votes versus 40% that obtained his former deputy Haim Avitan.
Despite his victory, he struggled to obtain a supportive coalition in the city council. Due to this situation, he addressed 3 city council members and offered them money in return for their support. A police investigation was open soon after. Israel Sadan resigned and Avitan took his place.
In November 2006, Sadan was sentenced to 8 months of prison time and 7 months of probation.
# Angélique Arvanitaki

Angélique Arvanitaki (French pronunciation:; 11 July 1901 – 6 October 1983) was a French neurophysiologist who did research on the electrical activity of neurons using the large nerve fibres of several different molluscs.

## Life

Angélique Arvanitaki was of Greek origin and was born in Cairo on 11 July 1901. In 1942, she married Nick Chalazonitis, who was a student in veterinary medicine at the time, and would himself become a neurophysiologist too. Their daughter Alcmene Chalazonitis, born in 1943, later also became a neuroscientist.

## Research

Arvanitaki contributed to the field of neurophysiology with research that explored the giant nerve fibres in genera of gastropods, the sea hare Aplysia and the land snail Helix. She developed the concept of ganglion preparation of large identifiable nerves. Arvanitaki also discovered that regular electrical oscillations could periodically grow in size until a series of action potentials were fired along isolated nerve fibres of the cuttlefish, genus Sepia. A further contribution of Arvanitaki was the demonstration that a neuronal circuit was not required for a single nerve to produce rhythmic and spontaneous activity. Also, she discovered that when two nerve fibres are close in proximity, the activity of a single nerve fibre can generate activity in a nearby nerve fibre a phenomenon she named ephaptic coupling. Arvanitaki and her husband Chalazonitis both explored the methodology of electrophysiological activity of the nervous system of the sea hare genus Aplysia. In 1955, Arvanitaki and Chalazonitis as well as Ladislav Tauc created the first intracellular recordings of large neurons of the California sea hare. Arvanitaki's and Chalazonitis' explored photoexcitability of certain neurons.
Arvanitaki's work was, however, overshadowed by Hodgkin and Huxley's work on the giant axon of the squid.
# Galinha à africana

African chicken (traditional Chinese: 非洲雞; simplified Chinese: 非洲鸡), also known as galinha à africana (Portuguese:, is a Macanese chicken dish.
African chicken consists of a grilled or roasted chicken coated with spicy piri piri sauce, which sometimes includes Asian ingredients. The dish — sometimes considered a renowned Macanese dish — is considered a variant of piri piri chicken.
There are many theories on the origins of African chicken, but all invariably attribute the dish to Macau's Portuguese colonial past. One theory is that the dish is the brainchild of local chef Américo Ângelo, who in the 1940s tried out spices he obtained from a trip to Portugal's African colonies. Another claims that the recipe has been passed down through Portuguese families in Macau for centuries. Yet another states that the recipe was brought to Macau by Portuguese Army officers who had served in the African colonies, who then retired and stayed in Macau in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution. These officers opened cafés and served foods they came to like during their service in Africa.
# Continuous spatial automaton

A continuous spatial automaton is a type of computer model studied in automata theory, a subfield of computer science. It is similar to a cellular automaton, in that it models the evolution of a set of many states over time. Unlike a cellular automaton, which has a discrete grid of states, a continuous spatial automaton has a continuum of locations in one or more dimensions. The state at each location may be chosen from a discrete set of numbers, or from a continuous interval of real numbers. The states may also vary continuously in time, and in this case the state evolves according to a differential equation.
One important example is reaction–diffusion textures, differential equations proposed by Alan Turing to explain how chemical reactions could create the stripes on zebras and spots on leopards. When these are approximated by cellular automata, such cellular automata often yield similar patterns. Another important example is neural fields, which are the continuum limit of neural networks where average firing rates evolve based on integro-differential equations. Such models demonstrate spatiotemporal pattern formation, localized states and travelling waves. They have been used as models for cortical memory states and visual hallucinations.
Bruce MacLennan considers continuous spatial automata as a model of computation, and demonstrated that they can implement Turing-universality.
# Monnapule Saleng

Monnapule Saleng (born 13 March 1998 ) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a winger for Orlando Pirates and the South Africa national team. He was named MTN 8 Last Man Standing and DSTV Premiership Players' Player Of The Season at the 2023 PSL Awards. He is regarded as one of the best wingers in South Africa.

## Club career

Having started his career at Orbit College in the SAFA Second Division, Saleng joined Free State Stars in 2019. He was the top scorer in the 2020–21 National First Division, scoring 13 goals in 29 matches.
Saleng signed for South African Premier Division club Orlando Pirates in July 2021, but spent the 2021–22 season on loan at Moroka Swallows, where he scored twice in 22 league appearances. He returned to Pirates for the 2022–23 season, where he became a first-team regular, scoring five goals in eight matches in the opening half of the season.

## International career

Saleng was part of the South Africa squad at the 2021 COSAFA Cup, starting in the opening 1–0 victory against Botswana. In total, he made 6 appearances as South Africa won the tournament.
In November 2022, Saleng was included in the South Africa squad for two friendly fixtures against Angola and Mozambique.

## Career statistics

    As of 05 June 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Nedbank Cup | Nedbank Cup | MTN8 | MTN8 | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Moroka Swallows FC | 2021–2022 | South African Premier Division | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 | 29 | 2 |
| Orlando Pirates | 2022–2023 | South African Premier Division | 22 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | – | 30 | 15 |
| Orlando Pirates | 2023–2024 | South African Premier Division | 17 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 5 |
| Orlando Pirates | Total | Total | 39 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 56 | 20 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 61 | 16 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 86 | 22 |
# Rhythm, Country and Blues

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Rhythm, Country and Blues (a.k.a. Rhythm Country and Blues) is an album featuring duets between R&B and country music artists on classic songs. It was released by MCA Records on March 1, 1994. The album debuted at #1 on Top Country Albums and #15 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. Marty Stuart's rendition of "The Weight" later appeared on his 1995 compilation The Marty Party Hit Pack. The album was nominated for the Country Music Association Award for Album of the Year in 1994.

## Production

* Produced by Tony Brown & Don Was
* Executive producers: Tony Brown, Al Teller, Kathy Nelson
* Recorded, engineered & mixed by Bob Clearmountain
* Mastered by Doug Sax

## Personnel

* Drums: Kenny Aronoff (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6, 9-11), Ricky Fataar (track 2), Curt Bisquera (tracks 4, 7), Paul Leim (track 8)
* Percussion: Lenny Castro (tracks 1, 7), Paulinho Da Costa (tracks 6, 11), Jamie Muhoberac (track 9)
* Bass: Freddie Washington (track 1), Hutch Hutchinson (tracks 2, 4, 5, 7, 9), Willie Weeks (tracks 3, 6, 10, 11), Glenn Worf (track 8)
* Keyboards, Organ, Piano, Synthesizers: Benmont Tench (tracks 1-4, 6, 7, 11), Nat Adderley (track 1), Billy Preston (track 2), Matt Rollings (tracks 5, 9), Steve Nathan (tracks 6, 8, 10, 11), Barry Beckett (tracks 6, 10, 11), David Briggs (track 8), Allen Toussaint (track 9)
* Acoustic & electric guitars: Mark Goldenberg (tracks 1, 3, 7, 9), Reggie Young (tracks 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11), Mabon Hodges (track 2), Randy Jacobs (tracks 2, 7, 9), T-Bone Burnett (track 4), Bernie Leadon (track 5), Larry Byrom (tracks 5, 8), Don Potter (tracks 6, 10, 11), Chet Atkins (track 9)
* Pedal steel: Robby Turner (tracks 1-3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11)
* Saxophone: Andrew Love (tracks 2, 11), Marty Grebb (track 4)
* Trumpet: Wayne Jackson (tracks 2, 11)
* Horn arrangements: Jim Horn (The Southside Horns) (track 8)
* Strings arranged by David Campbell (tracks 1, 6, 11)
* Background vocals for "Patches": Jonell Mosser, Sweet Pea Atkinson, Sir Harry Bowens and Arnold McCuller
# Café-Concert at Les Ambassadeurs

Café-Concert at Les Ambassadeurs (French - Le Café-concert aux ambassadeurs) is a monotype pastel by Edgar Degas of the cafe-concert at the Café des Ambassadeurs café-concert. It was first exhibited in 1877 at an Impressionist exhibition and is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. A later non-monotype version from 1885 is now in the Musée d'Orsay.
# Jamul Mountains

The Jamul Mountains are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges System.
They are located in southernmost San Diego County, California. The Mexico–United States border is nearby to the south.
There is a trail starting at Upper Otay Lake that leads over the western part of the range.

## Gallery

* Highest peak of western part of the range
# Aykhan Abbasov

Aykhan Farzukh oglu Abbasov (Azerbaijani: Ayxan Fərzux oğlu Abbasov; born 25 August 1981) is an Azeri professional football manager and former player. He is the head coach of Shamakhi FK and Azerbaijan national under-21 football team.

## Career

On 27 December 2016, Abbasov was appointed as manager of Zira FK until the end of the 2016–17 season.
On 16 December 2021, Abbasov left his role as head coach of Sumgayit.
On March 14, 2025, he was appointed as the head coach of the Azerbaijan national U-21 football team, and AFFA signed a two-year contract with him.
# Matmata Berber

Matmata Berber is a Zenati Berber dialect spoken around the town of Matmâta in southern Tunisia, and in the villages of Taoujjout, Tamezret and Zrawa. According to Ben Mamou's lexicon, its speakers call it Tmaziɣṯ or Eddwi nna, meaning "our speech", while it is called Shelha or Jbali (جبالي) in local Tunisian Arabic dialects. The total population speaking this variety was estimated at 3,726 in 1975.
Documentation of Matmata Berber is limited. A collection of fairy tales in this variety was published by Stumme in 1900. Basset (1950) provides a few dialect maps of Tunisian Berber including this region, showing lexical variation, while Penchoen (1968) offers a general discussion of Tunisian Berber and the effects of schooling. Collins (1981) discusses its verbal morphology along with that of other Tunisian Berber varieties. The only general grammatical sketch and vocabulary available is the website put together by Larbi Ben Mamou, a native speaker of the language.
Ethnologue treats it as part of the Nafusi language spoken in northwestern Libya, although the two belong to different subgroups of Berber according to Kossmann (1999).
# Boating on the Yerres

Boating on the Yerres (French: Périssoires sur l'Yerres) is a 1877 painting by French impressionist and realist painter Gustave Caillebotte.

## Description

From Urban Milwaukee:
    "The three boats — sporty, kayak-like craft — glide on a stream that opens in a wedge shape. The tilt of the riverbank exaggerates the downhill flow of the water. The geometry of the painting, a rough wedge expanding from the top right to the lower left, promotes the sense of downward, leftward flow. The lead boat cuts an arrowhead of light into the shadow cast by the large tree."
This painting is one of the earliest and largest of the seven boating scenes that Caillebotte completed between 1877 and 1878 at his family's estate along the river Yerres.

## Influence

During the weeks leading up to Super Bowl XLV between the Green Bay Packers and the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh and the Milwaukee Art Museum made a friendly wager to loan one piece from their permanent collection to the winning team's museum, with the Carnegie Museum of Art agreeing to loan Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Bathers With Crab and the Milwaukee Art Museum agreeing to loan Boating on the Yerres.
# Bobi Verdeș

Bobi Gheorghiță Verdeș (born 24 November 1980) is a Romanian professional football manager and former player, currently assistant coach at Liga I club Gloria Buzău.

## Honours
### Player
#### Pandurii Târgu Jiu

* Divizia C: 1999–2000

#### Oțelul Galați

* Cupa României runner-up: 2003–04

#### Unirea Alba Iulia

* Liga II: 2008–09

#### Chindia Târgoviște

* Liga III: 2010–11

#### Flacăra Horezu

* Liga IV – Vâlcea County: 2017–18

#### CSM Slatina

* Liga IV – Olt County: 2017–18

### Coach
#### CSM Slatina

* Liga IV – Olt County: 2017–18
# Krasnołęg

Krasnołęg is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzeszyce, within Sulęcin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north of Sulęcin and 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
# Yogesh Kathuniya

Yogesh Kathuniya (born 3 March 1997) is an Indian Paralympic athlete who specializes in the discus throw. He represented India at 2020 Summer Paralympics where he won a silver medal in the men's discus throw F56 event. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris.

## Early life

Kathuniya was born to housewife Meena Devi and her husband Gyanchand Kathuniya, a soldier with the Indian Army. At the age of 9, Yogesh developed Guillain–Barré syndrome. He studied at Indian Army Public School in Chandigarh where his father served in the army at Chandimandir Cantonment. His mother learnt physiotherapy, and within 3 years, at the age of 12 he regained muscle strength to walk again. He later attended Kirori Mal College in Delhi, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Commerce and joined para games.

## Career

In 2016, Kathunia started in para sports after Sachin Yadav, General Secretary of the students' union at Kirori Mal College motivated him to take up sports by regularly showing him videos of para athletes. In 2018, he set a world record in F36 category by throwing the disc to 45.18 m at the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships in Berlin.
Kathuniya represented India in the men's discus throw F56 at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a silver medal. In 2021 November, the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, awarded Kathuniya the Arjuna Award for his silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
# Minehead Without

Minehead Without is a civil parish in the English county of Somerset, and within the Exmoor National Park. As its name suggests, the parish covers a rural area to the west of, but not including, the small coastal town of Minehead. The parish's principal settlement is the hamlet of Bratton.
The parish has an area of 1,031 hectares (2,550 acres) and in the 2001 census had a population of 60 people in 25 households. There is no church within the parish.
The parish was created in 1894 from that part of the civil parish of Minehead which did not become Minehead Urban District.

## Governance

Minehead Without shares a grouped parish council with the civil parish of Selworthy. The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the parish comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton (formed on 1 April 2019) and, before this, the district of West Somerset (established under the Local Government Act 1972). It was part of Williton Rural District before 1974.
As Minehead Without falls within the Exmoor National Park some functions normally administered by district or county councils have, since 1997, fallen under the Exmoor National Park Authority, which is known as a ‘single purpose’ authority, which aims to "conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks" and "promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the Parks by the public", including responsibility for the conservation of the historic environment.
It is also part of the Tiverton and Minehead county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

## Landmarks

Bratton Court is a manor house, parts of which date from the 14th century. It has been designated as a grade I listed building.
# Hattie Moseley Austin

Hattie Moseley Austin (c. 1900—April 23, 1998) was an American chef and restaurateur. She was the founder-owner-chef of Hattie's Chicken Shack in Saratoga Springs, New York.

## Personal

Hattie was born Hattie Gray in Saint Francisville, Louisiana, around 1900. Her mother, Lydia, died in childbirth. The wife of a local rabbi, Hattie Leopold, who had employed Lydia took an interest in the child and helped Hattie's father Harry raise her. Hattie was named after Mrs. Leopold.
She moved to New Orleans for school, and then to Chicago. In Chicago she went to work as a cook for the family of A.E. Staley, known as "The Starch King", founder of the corn processing company of the same name. The Staleys owned homes in Chicago, Miami, and Saratoga Springs and when they travelled Hattie accompanied them.
Hattie was married twice, first to Willie Moseley, and after his death in 1971 to Bill Austin, She had no children of her own, but took in several needy neighborhood children.

## Hattie's Chicken Shack

In 1938, Moseley Austin decided to settle permanently in Saratoga Springs and opened Hattie's Chicken Shack on Federal Street, a racially mixed neighborhood, with a total investment of $33. Her specialty was a simple fried chicken recipe, although later she added other items of New Orleans cooking such as shrimp, scallops, and barbeque.
At this time Saratoga Springs was a "wide open" town with an active night life— much of it centered in the Federal Street area. During the summer season Moseley Austin operated her restaurant around the clock, seven days a week. She catered to all classes of people from wealthy gamblers to backstretch workers from the Saratoga Race Course. She was also noted for feeding anyone who was hungry, even if they had no money to pay.
Moseley Austin operated the restaurant on Federal Street until 1968, when urban renewal wiped out the entire neighborhood. She then moved to Phila Street, where the restaurant still operates today although Moseley Austin sold it in 1993.