# Melitta Bentz

Amalie Auguste Melitta Bentz (née Liebscher, January 31, 1873 – June 29, 1950) was a German inventor and entrepreneur known for revolutionizing the process of coffee brewing with her invention of the coffee filter. Her company, Melitta, has long been a significant leader in the coffee industry. Her contributions enhanced coffee preparation methods and influenced coffee culture around the world.

## Early life

Amalie Auguste Melitta Liebscher was born in Dresden, Germany, to a family largely of craftsmen. From her early years, she demonstrated an ability to notice and find solutions to practical problems. She married Hugo Bentz and had three children. It was in managing her household that she discovered a new and better means of brewing coffee.

## Invention of the Coffee Filter

At the beginning of the 20th century, coffee was typically prepared with percolators which would often over-extract the coffee, giving it a harsh taste. Cloth filters were available, but were difficult to use and clean. Bentz looked for a solution that would result in better-tasting coffee. In 1908, she took a sheet of blotting paper from her son’s school notebook and a perforated brass pot, and from these she created the first coffee filter. This device filtered out coffee grounds and oils, resulting in a cleaner brew. She received a patent for her design on July 8, 1908, introducing the drip coffee filter that is in common use today.

## Founding of the Melitta Company

Recognizing the commercial potential of her invention, Bentz established the Melitta company with her husband Hugo in 1908. At first, the couple produced coffee filters at home; Hugo handled production and Melitta led marketing efforts. After World War I, the company expanded rapidly. In 1932, the company introduced cone-shaped filters, thus enhancing and refining the brewing process step-by-step. The business thrived and endured factory relocations and material shortages during World War II.

## Struggles during World War I

As World War I broke out across Europe, Bentz's business encountered several problems. For starters, Bentz’s husband and her elder son, Willy, were drafted into the German Army. Bentz's brother, Paul Liebscher, helped to keep the company afloat during the war. Getting supplies became difficult; metals were being used for Zeppelin construction and paper was rationed. Furthermore, the British blockade of Germany made it extremely difficult for coffee beans to be imported, and demand began to fall.

## Post-war period and expansion of company

After World War I, the business resumed normal operations, thriving even through widespread poverty and rampant inflation in Germany. In 1923, Bentz's eldest son Willy became the co-owner and increased sales significantly. During the early 1920s, several imitators of Melitta’s coffee filter design appeared. In 1925, to combat these imitators, the company created the distinctive red and green packaging that it still uses today.
In 1929, the company moved from its Dresden factory into Minden, where the plant is still in use to this day. In the 1930s, the company patented the paper filters that are also still used. In 1932, to protect the business further from imitators, the first Melitta lettering was introduced. This was changed slightly in 1937 and has remained the same since. Melitta Bentz and her husband stepped down from daily operations in 1932 and passed control over to their children. She still played a role in providing better working conditions for the staff. She established a five-day work week, three weeks of vacation time, and a Christmas bonus. She also founded Melitta Aid in 1938 as a social fund for employees.

## Legacy and impact

Melitta Bentz’s invention led to many benefits for society. She sparked a cultural change toward accessible and personal coffee preparation through improving coffee brewing and popularizing home-brewed coffee. Her efforts impacted contemporary coffee culture by laying the foundation for improvements in brewing technology. Melitta Company remains a world leader today in brewing equipment, coffee filters, and sustainable coffee operations.
Beyond Bentz’s direct involvement and contributions to the coffee industry, Melitta Bentz’s tale is hailed as a testament to entrepreneurship, innovation, and the value of practical problem-solving. Coffee enthusiasts throughout the globe still rely heavily on her transformative innovation in their daily lives and routines.

## Death and Recognition

Melitta Bentz died in Porta Westfalica, Germany on June 29, 1950. Her company continues to honor her works and legacy, calling her a pioneer in the coffee industry. Melitta continues to celebrate her contributions to the coffee industry and her innovative spirit through corporate initiatives promoting innovation and sustainability.