OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Makalidurga

Makalidurga is a hill fort situated near the village of the same name. It is 60 km north of Bangalore and 10 km after Doddaballapura on the way to Gauribidanur. The fort at the summit has an old temple of Shiva with Nandi and in legend Markandeya Rishi performed penance here.
Makalidurga Fort stands at the top of a huge granite hillock, huddled up amidst the chains of hills, formed like a valley close to Ghati Subramanya, a well-known pilgrimage center. It has a fort on top, at a height of 1,117 m.
It has become one of the trekking destination for adventurers. Many people go for night trek to this place.
13°25′57″N 77°30′03″E﻿ / ﻿13.432604°N 77.50096°E﻿ / 13.432604; 77.50096

## Trekking

The Makalidurga trek is the nearest railway trek to Bangalore. It begins with a 2-km walk on the railway track from the station of Makalidurga. One can also ride bikes to the beginning of the trekking trail as well. A lot of refreshments is advised to be carried in case one wants to trek this hillock.
Makalidurga trek is of a medium/difficult level. The total trek route is 4 km in length, which should take approximately 3 hours to complete. There is a parking space created for vehicles in the base of the hill. One has to just cross the railway track and turn left. There is a small temple and some houses at the base of the trek. It is where the trek starts. The trek is managed by Karnataka Tourism department and one needs to make a prior booking on their official website myecotrip.com, which charges a sum of ₹250 Indian rupees per adult. Karnataka Tourism provides a guide and local support for the charge. There is a public notice by Karnataka Forest Department as follows: "Makali hills comes under Makali Reserve Forest. This place is under the supervision of Doddaballapur forest department. Illegal trekking is prohibited, which is an offence under Section 24(C)II of Karnataka Forest Act-1963. Strictly illegal trekking is restricted. But on the public and trekkers demand, department provided the facility for trekking through online booking in website www.myecotrip.com. Night trekking not allowed. Morning 0600am to 0500pm only." Also, after a few meters, one can find an open ground with a view of the mountain. Turning right, would lead one to the trek path with markings all around. There are fort ruins and a temple at the top.

## Gallery

* Makalidurga Railway Track
* View from Trail
* Makalidurga Hill
* Trek Route
# Marinka urban hromada

Marinka urban hromada (Ukrainian: Мар'їнська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Marinka.
It has an area of 485.3 square kilometres (187.4 sq mi) and a population of 33,643, as of 2020.
The hromada contains 17 settlements: 2 cities (Marinka and Krasnohorivka) and 15 villages:
* Antonivka [uk]
* Bazhane Pershe
* Bazhane Druhe
* Heorhiivka
* Elizavetivka [uk]
* Zoryanye [uk]
* Illinka
* Katerynivka
* Kostiantynivka
* Maksimilianivka
* Novomykhailivka
* Oleksandropil [uk]
* Paraskoviivka
* Pobieda
* Romanivka [uk]
# Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee

The Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee is a pressure group founded to demand the trial of war criminals from the Bangladesh War of Independence. It advocates for secularism in Bangladesh.

## History

The Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee was founded on 19 January 1992 by 101 Bangladeshi activists to seek justice for the genocide carried out during the Bangladesh War of Independence. Operating in Bangladesh and Britain, they claim the policies of the Jamaat-e-Islami are similar to those of the British National Party. The London branch protested against the arrival of Delwar Hossain Sayeedi at a Mosque in East London and demanded his British visa be revoked.
In 2000, the committee's leaders established the secular heritage group Swadhinata Trust to raise youth awareness of, and pride in, Bengali history and culture.
In 2015, leaders of the committee, Justice Mohammad Gholam Rabbani, Shahriar Kabir, and Muntasir Mamun criticised Bangladesh Nationalist Party chairperson Khaleda Zia for questioning the number of dead in the Bangladesh War of Independence. Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee in 2016 asked the government to make denial of Bangladesh genocide a crime. It established a European chapter with Tarun Kanti Chowdhury as its president.
Shariar Kabir was elected president and Kazi Mukul was elected general secretary of the committee in 2017. Justice Mohammad Golam Rabbani was elected president of the 31 member advisory board. The general executive board had 61 members.
In 2020, the president of the committee, Shahriar Kabir, asked UN Human Rights Commission to resettle the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh to a third country. Describing them as victims of genocide it collected the testimonies of 10 thousand Rohingya refugees. It criticized Muslim extremists who dug out the body of a Ahmadiyya baby from a Muslim graveyard in Brahmanbaria District.
In April 2022, the committee called for the release of a Hindu college teacher detained for "insulting" Islam describing the charges as a conspiracy by religious extremists. It called for a judicial committee to investigate the incident. The committee created People's Inquiry Commission on Fundamentalist and Communal Violence (Gono Commission) with the Parliamentary Caucus on Indigenous and Minorities to investigate religious violence and published a white paper which identified 116 Islamic scholars as money launderers and financiers of terrorism. In response, the Islamic Cultural Forum Bangladesh asked the government to investigate the wealth of Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee members. The Minister of Home Affairs, Asaduzzaman Khan, initially supported the report but later changed his position. In June, it organized an event criticizing the Digital Security Act and highlighting victims of its use.

## Notable members

* Jahanara Imam
* Shahriar Kabir
# Andy Ludwig

Andy Ludwig (born May 14, 1964) is an American football coach who was most recently the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Utah. He played college football at Snow College and Portland State University, graduating in 1988.

## Coaching career

From 1987 to 1988, Ludwig was the receivers coach at Portland State. From 1989–1991, Ludwig was the quarterback and receiver coach at Idaho State. In 1992, Ludwig came to Utah to be the graduate assistant for the defense. From 1993 to 1994, Ludwig was the as the offensive coordinator at Augustana College in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 1995 to 1996, he was the quarterback coach at Boise State University. In 1997, Ludwig was at California Polytechnic State University as offensive coordinator and quarterback coach. From 1998 to 2001, Ludwig was at California State University, Fresno, where he was a finalist for the Broyles Award in 2001. From 2002 to 2004, Ludwig was the offensive coordinator at Oregon. After some difficult years, Ludwig was hired by close personal friend and newly named Utah head coach Kyle Whittingham for the 2005 season. Following the 2009 Sugar Bowl, Ludwig accepted the offensive coordinator position at Kansas State, but two months later he was hired to be the offensive coordinator for the California Golden Bears for the 2009 season. In 2011, Ludwig was hired by new San Diego State coach Rocky Long to be offensive coordinator for the Aztecs. Ludwig was hired to be the offensive coordinator for the Wisconsin Badgers for the 2013 season. After spending two seasons as the offensive coordinator at Wisconsin, he began the 2015 season under Derek Mason at Vanderbilt University as the offensive coordinator. On January 10, 2019, Ludwig was hired by the University of Utah to return as offensive coordinator. He stepped down from the Utah Utes on October 20, 2024.

## Personal life

Ludwig is married and has two children.
# Champions T20 Cup

The Champions T20 Cup, is a men's professional domestic Twenty20 cricket competition in Pakistan. organized by the Pakistan Cricket Board and first contested during the 2024 season.

## History

In June 2024, Pakistan Cricket Board introduces a new domestic Twenty20 Cricket event, called Champions T20 Cup. that forms part of the Pakistan domestic cricket season. The league was aimed to make up for the absence of high-profile matches in Pakistan every year and to expose talented players from Country.

## Team

| Team | Captain | Coach | Debut | Titles |
| Dolphins | Saud Shakeel | Iqbal Imam | 2024 | |
| Lions | Shaheen Afridi | Abdur Rehman | 2024 | |
| Panthers | Shadab Khan | Umar Rasheed | 2024 | |
| Stallions | Mohammad Haris Babar Azam | Mansoor Amjad | 2024 | 1 (2024–25) |
| Markhors | Mohammad Rizwan | Ijaz Ahmed | 2024 | |

## Tournament final

| Season | Final | Final | Final | Final venue | Player of the season |
| Season | Winner | Result | Runner-up | Final venue | Player of the season |
| 2024–25 | Stallions 199/5 (20 overs) | Stallions won by 75 runs Scorecard | Markhors 124 (19.1 overs) | Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad | Mohammad Ali (Stallions) |

## Broadcasters

| Territory | Channels & Live Streaming |
| Pakistan | PTV Sports |
| Rest Of The World | FacebookYouTube |
# Destruction of the healthcare system

Destruction of the healthcare system is a war crime that may consist of such actions as attacks on health care facilities such as hospitals, harm to healthcare workers, blocking of humanitarian aid and other supplies needed by the healthcare system. It has been reported during the Israeli blockade of Gaza and Israel–Hamas war (see Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war), Russian invasion of Ukraine, Syrian civil war, and Sudan conflict. In order to prevent belligerents from justifying the destruction of the healthcare system by claiming that enemies were using the facilities as human shields, Neve Gordon and Nicola Perugini propose clarifying that all attacks that damage the healthcare system are war crimes.
# Weasdale Beck

Weasdale Beck is a stream in Cumbria, England. It is in the Lune - headwaters to confluence Birk Beck catchment.
The Beck rises in Ravenstonedale and drains Leathgill Bridge on Randygill Top and Great Swindale, below Green Bell, flowing northwards to Wath, where, at its confluence with Sandwath Beck, Weasdale Beck forms the River Lune.
54°26′25″N 2°29′17″W﻿ / ﻿54.4403°N 2.4881°W﻿ / 54.4403; -2.4881
# Fechner color effect

The Fechner color effect is an illusion of color seen when looking at certain rapidly changing or moving black-and-white patterns. They are also called pattern induced flicker colors (PIFCs).
The effect is most commonly demonstrated with a device known as Benham's top (also called Benham's disk). When the top is spun, arcs of pale color are visible at different places on the disk that forms its upper surface. The effect can also be seen in stroboscopic lights when flashes are set at certain critical speeds. Rotating fan blades, particularly aluminum ones, can also demonstrate the effect; as the fan accelerates or decelerates, the colors appear, drift, change and disappear. The stable running speed of the fan does not (normally) produce colors, suggesting that it is not an interference effect with the frequency of the illumination flicker.
The effect was noted by Gustav Fechner and Hermann von Helmholtz and propagated to English-speakers through Charles Benham's invention of his top. Florence Winger Bagley was one of the early investigators of this phenomenon.
The perceptual mechanism of Fechner color is not entirely understood. One possible reason people see colors may be that the color receptors in the human eye respond at different rates to red, green, and blue. Or, more specifically, that the latencies of the center and the surrounding mechanisms differ for the different types of color-specific ganglion cells.
The phenomenon originates from neural activity in the retina and spatial interactions in the primary visual cortex, which plays a role in encoding low-level image features, such as edges and spatiotemporal frequency components. Research indicates that the blue–yellow opponent process accounts for all the different PIFCs.
Research has been done into the use of Benham's top and other PIFCs as diagnostic tools for diseases of the eye and the visual track. It has shown particular promise in detecting optic neuritis.

## Benham's top

Benham's top is named after the English newspaper-man, amateur scientist, and toymaker Charles Benham, who in 1895 sold a top painted with the pattern shown. Benham was inspired to propagate the Fechner color effect through his top after his correspondence with Gustav Theodor Fechner, who had observed and demonstrated the said effect. Benham's top made it possible for speakers of the English language to learn of the Fechner color effect, about which Fechner's original reports were written in German.
# Gręzawa

Gręzawa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuplice, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Tuplice, 21 km (13 mi) west of Żary, and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.
# 1984–85 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team

The 1984–85 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Yale University during the 1984–85 men's college basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by 3rd year head coach Tom Brennan, played their home games at John J. Lee Amphitheater of the Payne Whitney Gymnasium and were members of the Ivy League. They finished the season 14–12, 7–7 in Ivy League play to finish in fifth place.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| November 30* | at Vanderbilt | L 72–87 | 0–1 | Memorial Gymnasium Nashville, Tennessee |
| December 4* | Connecticut | L 77–95 | 0–2 | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| December 8 | Dartmouth | W 81–76 | 1–2 (1–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| December 10* | Clark | W 110–64 | 2–2 (1–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| December 28* | vs. Georgia | L 65–105 | 2–3 (1–0) | |
| December 29* | vs. BYU | L 58–73 | 2–4 (1–0) | |
| January 3* | at Holy Cross | W 59–55 | 3–4 (1–0) | Hart Recreation Center Worcester, Massachusetts |
| January 5* | at Vermont | W 73–59 | 4–4 (1–0) | Roy L. Patrick Gymnasium |
| January 7* | Case Western | W 79–64 | 5–4 (1–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| January 10* | Trinty | W 58–49 $^{OT}$ | 6–4 (1–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| January 12* | New Hampshire | W 65–63 | 7–4 (1–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| January 15 | Brown | W 83–82 | 8–4 (2–0) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| January 24* | at Army | L 63–79 | 8–5 (2–0) | USMA Fieldhouse West Point, NY |
| January 26 | at Brown | L 76–82 | 8–6 (2–1) | Marvel Gymnasium Providence, RI |
| January 29* | Manhattan | W 60–57 | 9–6 (2–1) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| February 1 | at Columbia | L 67–77 | 9–7 (2–2) | Levien Gymnasium Morningside Heights, Manhattan |
| February 2 | at Cornell | L 55–78 | 9–8 (2–3) | Barton Hall Ithaca, NY |
| February 8 | at Harvard | L 71–75 | 9–9 (2–4) | Malkin Athletic Center Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| February 9 | at Dartmouth | L 73–87 | 9–10 (2–5) | Alumni Gymnasium Hanover, NH |
| February 15 | Princeton | W 48–46 | 10–10 (3–5) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| February 16 | Penn | W 77–75 | 11–10 (4–5) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| February 22 | Cornell | W 75–61 | 12–10 (5–5) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| February 23 | Columbia | W 55–52 | 13–10 (6–5) | Payne Whitney Gymnasium New Haven, CT |
| March 1 | at Penn | L 66–72 | 13–11 (6–6) | The Palestra Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| March 2 | at Princeton | L 61–65 | 13–12 (6–7) | Jadwin Gymnasium Princeton, NJ |
| March 9 | Harvard | W 70–69 | 14–12 (7–7) | Jadwin Gymnasium Princeton, NJ |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. ||||||
# National Museum and Research Center of Altamira

The National Museum and Research Center of Altamira (Spanish: Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira), also known as Altamira Museum (Spanish: Museo de Altamira), is a center dedicated to the conservation of, research into, and the sharing of information about the cave of Altamira in Santillana del Mar (Cantabria), Spain, named a World Heritage Site by Unesco. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.
The museum offers prehistoric technology workshops to visitors, as well as a permanent exhibition called Times of Altamira, which contains objects from Altamira as well as those from other palaeolithic caves of Cantabria such as El Morín [es], El Juyo and El Rascaño [es]. The New Altamira Cave, or Neocave [es], is also part of this exhibition: an artificial replica of the original caves, built in order to preserve the originals from damage arising from a massive influx of visitors.

## History

The vast number of people that wanted to see the cave and the long wait list to do it (more than a year) brought into the table the possibility and necessity of creating a replica. In 2001, the Museum, designed by architect Juan Navarro Baldeweg was erected. The most notable piece in the museum collection is the Neocave [es], the most faithful representation of the 15000 year old original cave. In its interior one can see a reproduction of the famous paintings from the cave's ceiling, made by Pedro Saura and Matilde Múzquiz, professors of photography and drawing in the Faculty of Fine Arts [es] of the Complutense University of Madrid, respectively. In this reproduction, the same painting techniques used by painters in the Paleolithic were used. The reproduction was so deeply planned and studied that, during the study of the originals, new paintings and engravings were discovered.
It is a National Museum of Spain [es], subscribed to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, managed by the General direction of Fine Arts [es].

## Collections

Various collections are custodied and displayed, from discoveries in the Cave of Altamira and others nearby, such as:
* Cave of Altamira (Santillana del Mar, Cantabria).
* Surroundings of Altamira (Santillana del Mar, Cantabria).
* Archeological site of Cuchía (Cuchía [es], Miengo, Cantabria).
* Cave of El Castillo (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria).
* Cave of El Morín [es] (Villanueva de Villaescusa [es], Cantabria).
* Cave of El Rascaño [es] (Mirones [es], Miera, Cantabria).
* Cave of El Salitre [es] (Ajanedo [es], Miera, Cantabria).
* Cave of Chufín (Riclones [es], Cantabria).
* Cave of Juyo (Igollo de Camargo [es], Cantabria).
* Cave of La Pila (Cuchía [es], Miengo, Cantabria).
* Cave of Las Estalactitas (Santillana del Mar, Cantabria).
* Other outdoor paleolithic sites.
# Narendran Makan Jayakanthan Vaka

Narendran Makan Jayakanthan Vaka (transl. Property of Narendran's son Jayakanthan) is a 2001 Indian Malayalam-language satirical film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad and written by Sreenivasan. The film stars Kunchacko Boban, Samyuktha Varma and Asin. The story follows Jayakanthan (Kunchacko Boban), who comes from Kumbakonam, to his late father's village in Paruthippara, Kannur district, to claim his father's property. The film marks the acting debut of Asin, aged fifteen; however this remained her first and only Malayalam film to date. The film released on 24 August 2001 coinciding with the festival of Onam. The film was remade in Telugu as Idemi Oorura Babu (2002).

## Plot

The story is about Jayakanthan, who comes to claim his father Narendran's property in their native village. There he meets Vinodini, who is the panchayat president and a strict follower of the rules. Swathi is Jayakanthan's cousin and her father Balakrishnan Nambiar is worried that Jayakanthan, his nephew, has come to marry her and inherit their property. Bhargavan has usurped Narendran's land, but Jayakanthan is unaware of this and becomes his good friend. The remainder of the plot is about how things fall into place.

## Cast

* Kunchacko Boban as Jayakanthan
* Samyuktha Varma as Panchayath President Vinodhini
* Asin as Swathi
* Parthiban as Devasahayam
* Sreenivasan as Bhargavan
* KPAC Lalitha as Kunjulakshmi
* Janardhanan as Balakrishnan Nambiar
* Innocent as Johny Vellikkala
* Cochin Haneefa as Kittunni
* Oduvil Unnikrishnan as "Naxal" Vasu
* Mamukkoya as Nambeesan
* Sukumari as Aishumma
* Bhavani as Vinodini's mother
* Bindu Panicker as Soudamini
* Vettukili Prakash
* Kulappulli Leela as Sharada
* Remya Nambeeshan as Sethulekshmi, Jayankanthan's sister
* Monilal As Panchyath Secretary
* Rajan Padur as Bomb Maker
* Mahesh

## Soundtrack

The film features songs composed by Johnson and written by Mullanezhi.
| Song Title | Singer |
| Aaraarumariyaathoru Omanakkauthukam | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Ammayum Nanmayum" | Sujatha Mohan, chorus |
| "Karutha Raavinte" (F) | K. S. Chithra |
| "Karutha Raavinte" (M) | G. Venugopal |
| "Vasantham Varna" (F) | K. S. Chithra, chorus |
| "Vasantham Varna" (M) | K. J. Yesudas, chorus |
# Intxaursaltsa

Intxaursaltsa (Basque: Nut sauce) is a typical dessert of the Basque Country, where it is traditionally eaten as part of the Christmas Eve feast. Intxaursaltsa is similar in appearance to natilla, and is made from walnuts, milk, sugar and cinnamon.
Intxaursaltsa is known to be high in calories, but the nut oils are thought to be beneficial in fighting coronary diseases.

## History

To history of the Intxaursaltsa it goes back more than 150 years. It was a typical dish in the Basque hamlets, especially in the region of Guipuzcoa, for Christmas Eve dinner. It had all but disappeared, likely due to the lengthy preparation time, but has made a recent resurgence.

## Ingredients

The principal ingredients which are used to cook this dessert are sugar, nuts, cinnamon and milk.