# 1843 in the United Kingdom

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Events from the year 1843 in the United Kingdom.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Victoria
* Prime Minister – Robert Peel (Conservative)
* Foreign Secretary – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

## Events

* January – Quaker magazine The Friend begins publication.
* 6 January – Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross discovers Snow Hill Island.
* 20 January – Daniel M'Naghten shoots and kills the Prime Minister's private secretary, Edward Drummond, in Whitehall.
* 4 March – M'Naghten is found not guilty of murder "by reason of insanity", giving rise to the M'Naghten Rules on criminal responsibility, and subsequently committed to Bethlem Hospital.
* 24 March – Battle of Hyderabad: The Bombay Army led by Major General Sir Charles Napier defeats the Talpur Mirs, securing Sindh province for the British Raj.
* 25 March – Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the River Thames, is opened to pedestrians.
* 27 March – decision in Foss v Harbottle, a leading precedent in English corporate law, declares that in any action in which a wrong is alleged to have been done to a company, the proper claimant is the company itself and not individual shareholders.
* 4 April – William Wordsworth accepts the office of Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom following the death of Robert Southey on 21 March.
* April – Protestant Martyrs' Memorial erected in Oxford.
* 4 May – Natal proclaimed British colony.
* 18 May – the Disruption of the Church of Scotland takes place in Edinburgh.
* ? May – Blackgang Chine on the Isle of Wight opens as an amusement park.
* 19 July – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol.
* 5 August – Sarah Dazley, the last woman to be executed in public in England, is hanged for mariticide outside Bedford Prison.
* 22 August – Theatres Act ends the virtual monopoly on theatrical performances held by the patent theatres, encouraging the development of popular entertainment.
* September – Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program.
* 2 September – The Economist newspaper first published (preliminary issue dated August).
* 1 October – News of the World newspaper first published. It will survive until 2011.
* 3–4 November – the statue of Nelson is placed atop Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, London.
* 13 December – Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.
* 17 December – publication of Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol by Chapman & Hall in London at his expense. It introduces the character Ebenezer Scrooge. Released on 19 December, the first printing sells out by Christmas Eve and inspires charitable giving.
* December – the world's first Christmas cards, commissioned by Sir Henry Cole in London from the artist John Callcott Horsley, are sent.
* Undated
** The Albert helmet, devised in 1842 by the Prince Consort, is adopted by the Household Cavalry.
** Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society founded as a burial society.
** Marlborough College founded in Wiltshire for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy.
** Alfred Bird produces baking powder for the first time, in Birmingham.

## Publications

* Charles Dickens's novel Martin Chuzzlewit (begins serialisation January) and novella A Christmas Carol.
* John Stuart Mill's book A System of Logic.
* John Ruskin's book Modern Painters, vol. 1.
* Robert Smith Surtees' comic novel Handley Cross.

## Births

* 25 April – Princess Alice, member of the royal family (died 1878)
* 30 June – Ernest Satow, diplomat and scholar (died 1929)
* 5 July – Mandell Creighton, historian and Bishop of London (died 1901)
* 4 September – Jabez Balfour, businessman, politician and fraudster (died 1916)

## Deaths

* 9 January – William Hedley, inventor and locomotive engineer (born 1779)
* 20 February – Mary Hays, writer and feminist (born 1759)
* 21 March – Robert Southey, poet (born 1774)
* 25 March – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, clergyman (born 1813)
* 21 April – Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (born 1773)
* 1 June – William Abbot, actor (born 1798)
* 25 July – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist (born 1766)
* 16 August – Henry Acton, Unitarian minister (born 1797)
* 18 December – Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, Governor-General of India (born 1748)