OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of the Zab

The Battle of the Zab (Arabic: معركة الزاب), also referred to in scholarly contexts as Battle of the Great Zāb River, took place on January 25, 750, on the banks of the Great Zab in what is now the modern country of Iraq. It spelled the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate, which would last from 750 to 1517.

## Background

In 747, a major rebellion broke out against the Umayyad Caliphate. The principal cause of the rebellion was the increasing gap between the outlying peoples of the Caliphate and the Damascus-based Umayyad government. The Umayyad-appointed governors of the Caliphate's various provinces were corrupt and interested only with personal gains. Additionally, the Umayyads claimed no direct descent from Muhammad, while the Abbasids did (they descended from Muhammad's uncle Abbas—a fact the latter used extensively during the revolution).

## Armies

In 750, the army of the Umayyad caliph Marwan II fought a combined force of Abbasid, Shia, Khawarij, and Iraqi forces. Marwan's army was, on paper at least, far larger and more formidable than that of his opponents, as it contained many veterans of earlier Umayyad campaigns against the Byzantine Empire; its support for the caliph, however, was only lukewarm. The morale of the Umayyads had been damaged by the series of defeats inflicted earlier in the rebellion, while the morale of the Abbasid armies had increased.

## Battle

The Abbasid army formed a spear wall, a tactic they had adopted from their Umayyad opponents, presumably from witnessing it in earlier battles. This entailed standing in a battle line with their lances pointed at the enemy (similar to the stakes used by English longbowmen at Agincourt and Crécy many centuries later). The Umayyad cavalry charged, possibly believing that with their experience they could break the spear wall. This was a mistake on their part, however, and they were all but butchered. The Umayyad army fell into retreat, its morale finally shattered. Many were cut down by the zealous Abbasids or were drowned in the wintertime River Zab.

## Aftermath

Marwan II himself escaped the battlefield and fled down the Levant, pursued relentlessly by the Abbasids, who met no serious resistance from the Syrians because the land had recently been laid waste by an earthquake and pestilence. Marwan fled at last to Abusir/Busir, which is a small town on the Egyptian Nile delta. It was there, a few months after the battle, that he was at last killed in a short battle and replaced as caliph by Saffah (r. 750–754), bringing to an end Umayyad rule in the Middle East.
# Rehmannia

Rehmannia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the order Lamiales and family Orobanchaceae, which is native to China and Japan. It has been placed as the only member of the monotypic tribe Rehmannieae, but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that it forms a clade with Triaenophora. Contrary to the vast majority of the taxa of Orobanchaceae, Rehmannia is not parasitic.

## Systematics
### Etymology

Rehmannia is named for Joseph Rehmann (1788–1831), a physician who worked in St. Petersburg.

#### Homonymy

The name "Rehmannia" has also been given to a genus of Jurassic ammonites of the family Reineckeidae.

### Classification

The genus was included in the family Scrophulariaceae or Gesneriaceae in some older classifications. The current placement of the genus is in neither Scrophulariaceae s.s. nor Plantaginaceae s.l. (to which many other former Scrophulariaceae have been transferred). Earlier molecular studies suggested that its closest relatives were the genera Lancea and Mazus, which have been included in Phrymaceae. Subsequently, it was found that Rehmannia groups with Triaenophora, and both taxa are jointly the sister group to Lindenbergia and the parasitic Orobanchaceae. A 2016 classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system enlarged Orobanchaceae to include Rehmannia, making it one of the few genera in the family, along with Lindenbergia, not to be parasitic.

### Species list

As of February 2025, Plants of the World Online accepted seven species:
| Scientific Name | Distribution |
| Rehmannia chingii H.L.Li | China |
| Rehmannia chrysantha M.H.Li & C.H.Zhang | Inner Mongolia |
| Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. | China |
| Rehmannia henryi N.E.Br. | China (Hubei) |
| Rehmannia japonica (Thunb.) Makino | Japan (C. Honshu) |
| Rehmannia piasezkii Maxim. | China (Hubei, Shanxi) |
| Rehmannia solanifolia P.C.Tsoong & T.L.Chin | China (Sichuan) |

## Uses

Sometimes known as Chinese foxglove due to its superficial resemblance to the genus Digitalis, the species of Rehmannia are perennial herbs. The plants have large flowers and are grown as ornamental garden plants in Europe and North America, and are used medicinally in Asia.

### Traditional Chinese medicine

Known as dìhuáng (地黄) or gān dìhuáng (干地黄) in Chinese, R. glutinosa is used as a medicinal herb for many conditions within Chinese traditional formulations.
It is the main ingredient in a mixture called si wu tang (four substance decoction) along with Dang gui, Chinese peony (bai shao yao), and Ligusticum striatum (chuan xiong) that is considered a fundamental medicine to support making blood.
When two ingredients, peach (tao ren) and safflower (hong hua), are added, it is called tao hong si wu tang (four substance decoction with peach pit and safflower), which is used in traditional chinese medicine for fatigue.

## Chemical constituents

Rehmannia contains the vitamins A, B, C, and D, as well as other compounds, such as catalpol, an iridoid glycoside.
# 1992–93 SMU Mustangs men's basketball team

The 1992–93 SMU Mustangs men's basketball team represented Southern Methodist University during the 1992–93 men's college basketball season. They received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost in the first round to BYU.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Rank$^#$ | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| December 1* | | Texas State | W 90–69 | 1–0 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| December 5* | | at Tulane | L 92–103 $^{OT}$ | 1–1 | Avron B. Fogelman Arena New Orleans, Louisiana |
| December 9* | | Oral Roberts | W 112–73 | 2–1 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| December 12* | | at Vanderbilt | L 86–95 | 2–2 | Memorial Gymnasium Nashville, Tennessee |
| December 23* | | North Texas | W 110–94 | 3–2 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| December 28* | | San Diego | W 106–71 | 4–2 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| December 30* | | Stetson | W 87–77 | 5–2 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| January 2* | | vs. Oklahoma State | L 59–75 | 5–3 | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| January 4* | | No. 13 Arkansas | L 53–72 | 5–4 | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| January 6* | | at St. Louis | W 63–56 | 6–4 | St. Louis Arena St. Louis, Missouri |
| January 10 | | at Texas | W 102–92 | 7–4 (1–0) | Frank Erwin Center Austin, Texas |
| January 13* | | St. Louis | W 66–59 | 8–4 (1–0) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| January 16 | | at Texas Tech | W 61–59 | 9–4 (2–0) | Lubbock Municipal Coliseum Lubbock, Texas |
| January 20 | | at TCU | W 79–65 | 10–4 (3–0) | Daniel-Meyer Coliseum Fort Worth, Texas |
| January 23 | | at Houston | L 75–85 | 10–5 (3–1) | Hofheinz Pavilion Houston, Texas |
| January 27 | | Texas A&M | W 68–65 | 11–5 (4–1) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| January 30 | | No. 25 Houston | W 70–60 | 12–5 (5–1) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| February 3 | | at Baylor | W 105–92 | 13–5 (6–1) | Ferrell Center Waco, Texas |
| February 6 | | Rice | W 78–77 | 14–5 (7–1) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| February 9 | | Texas Tech | W 78–75 | 15–5 (8–1) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| February 16 | | TCU | W 78–77 | 16–5 (9–1) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| February 20* | | at Oral Roberts | W 102–95 | 17–5 (9–1) | Mabee Center Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| February 25 | | at Texas A&M | W 84–73 | 18–5 (10–1) | G. Rollie White Coliseum College Station, Texas |
| February 27 | | at Rice | L 67–90 | 18–6 (10–2) | Tudor Fieldhouse Houston, Texas |
| March 3 | | Baylor | W 81–74 | 19–6 (11–2) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| March 6 | | Texas | W 96–80 | 20–6 (12–2) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| Southwest tournament ||||||
| March 12 | | vs. TCU | L 71–72 | 20–7 (12–2) | Moody Coliseum University Park, Texas |
| 1993 NCAA tournament ||||||
| March 18* | (10 MW) | vs. (7 MW) BYU First round | L 71–80 | 20–8 (12–2) | Rosemont Horizon Rosemont, Illinois |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. MW=Midwest. All times are in Central Time. ||||||
# Holding On (Dannii Minogue song)

"Holding On" is a song performed by Australian singer-songwriter Dannii Minogue. It was released worldwide on 11 August 2017 and features vocals by The X Factor finalist Jason Heerah.

## Background

In April 2016, it was announced that Dannii Minogue would be a special guest act on Culture Club's Australian tour that would happen later that year. In June, during a warm-up gig at a Melbourne nightclub called GH Hotel, Minogue performed "Holding On" as a duet with Heerah. Later that month, during her opening act for the Culture Club concert at Rod Laver Arena, Minogue and Heerah performed the song again.
The song did not see an official release until the following year. In August 2017, it was announced that Dannii Minogue would be supporting Take That during their Australian tour. Before the tour, however, Minogue decided to release a "crisp version" of the song on the same day she performed it live at the Central Station Records 40th anniversary party.

## Track listing

These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Holding On".
Single
* "Holding On" (featuring Jason Heerah) – 3:27
Extended mix
* "Holding On" (featuring Jason Heerah) [Extended Mix] – 6:16
# Samantha Cookes

Samantha Jade Cookes, (born 1988 in Gloucestershire), also known as Carrie Jade Williams, Jade O'Sullivan, Jade Cooke, Lucy FitzWilliams, and Sadie Harris, is a serial fraudster convicted in England in 2011, and Ireland in 2025, of fraud, deception, and theft. She has been the subject of an episode of Swindled and a 4-episode RTÉ Radio podcast, entitled "The Real Carrie Jade". As a writer, she won a UK£1,000 composition prize from Financial Times/Bodley Head, and a €36,200 grant from the Arts Council or Ireland.
She moved to Ireland in 2013, working as a writer, and an au pair.

## Background and early life

Cookes was born in Gloucestershire in 1988. She attended Denmark Road High School on the outskirts of Gloucester until 2007. She dropped out of a degree course in York University. Her 4-month-old daughter, Martha, died in 2008, an inquest ruled it an accident.

## Media depictions
### Swindled - "The Vacation Rental"

A 2023 bonus episode of Swindled, entitled "The Vacation Rental", examines Cookes' claims of a terminal illness, and her attempts to defraud Airbnb renters.

### The Real Carrie Jade

In 2024, The RTÉ Radio Player produced a 4-episode podcast series, narrated by Justine Stafford about its interactions with and investigations of Cookes. Cookes, who had contacted RTÉ, through its documentary department and Liveline, participated in recordings, claiming to be a disability advocate, as a self-processed sufferer of Huntington's disease. The series investigates these and other claims made by Cookes, and the money she fraudulently received from donors.
# Capture of Manuel Briones

vteSwedish anti-piracy actions :
Battles/Wars
14th century
Baltic Sea
17th century
Kattan
Saint Kitts
18th century
1st Mediterranean
2nd Mediterranean
Tunis
Algeria
19th century
Tripoli
Cape Palos
Brazil
Morocco
Guayaquil
21st century
Somalia
Prosecutions
Gustav Skytte
Johanna Hård :
The capture of Manuel Briones was a brief altercation between Swedish and Ecuadorian authorities and the pirates of Manuel Briones who had set out to attack the upcoming Flores expedition.

## Background

The Flores expedition was set to be launched from Peru in 1851, to foment uprisings in Ecuador. Manuel Briones, a well-known criminal imprisoned with a number of his gang members on the small island of Floreana, was plotting to intercept the expedition. The island of Floreana only hosted five prison guards making escape easy for Briones and his gang, and they murdered most of them. Once free the bandits boarded and seized the American whaler George Howland as well as the crew without bloodshed.

## Altercation

Manuel Briones forced the American crew of the George Howland to set sail down the Ecuadorian coast, but before going to Guayaquil, it was decided to first gather supplies from the island of San Cristóbal. Present on the island was a small detachment of 5 Ecuadorian soldiers most likely under Lieutenant Barroterán and the island's governor, all of whom, as well as a considerable amount of money and supplies were taken onboard the ship. General Mena, a woman and four soldiers were captured. The woman would be raped by several of the bandits but was eventually allowed to leave, this is in sharp contrast to her male counterparts who were all killed and thrown overboard with the governor.
Setting out for Guayaquil, the bandits continued down the coast where almost immediately upon arrival, they encountered a couple of expeditionary vessels sent by Flores himself. The bandits wasted no time in murdering and capturing the crew, with only a few escaping. It was then that the Swedish frigate HSwMS Eugenie, which had just departed from Callao, became alerted of the rampaging pirates by a distressed sailor. The Swedes decided to take action and pursue the bandits. They stood little chance against the well-armed Swedish frigate and fled ashore after a short chase. The Swedes confiscated the stolen ships where they found an American named Peacock who had been hidden on the whaler for several days in fear of being found and murdered. An Ecuadorian detachment of soldiers would later find and imprison the pirates.

## Aftermath

The bandits would later be executed in Guayaquil in Ecuador, in front of an audience of locals and the Swedish crew. The frigate Eugenie would anchor at Guayaquil some time into the future, when Flores would finally conduct his expedition, the local Ecuadorians tried to ask for the Swedes to come to their aid. However, the crew had been instructed to be strictly neutral in any foreign affairs while out on their expedition so Captain Adolf Virgin chose to instead leave Guyaquil when the wind returned. Fortunately, Flores's attack on Guyaquil would not be as devastating as thought.
# Get Out My Head (Redlight song)

"Get Out My Head" is a song by English producer Redlight featuring uncredited vocals from 2009 The X Factor contestant Nicole Jackson. The track was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 20 January 2012 and debuted at number eighteen on the UK Singles Chart, marking the producer's first appearance on that chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Get Out My Head" was first released onto YouTube on 16 December 2011 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-one seconds.

## Chart performance

For the week ending 4 February 2012, "Get Out My Head" debuted at number eighteen on the UK Singles Chart as the fourth highest new entry, with first week sales of 20,746 copies. The song spent three weeks inside the top 40, falling from number twenty-three to number forty-three on the week ending 25 February 2012. "Get Out My Head" also debuted at number four on the UK Dance Chart for the week ending 4 February 2012, marking the producer's first chart appearance in Scotland and second appearance on the dance chart after "What You Talking About!?" peaked at number thirty-eight the previous year.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 20 January 2012 | Digital download | Mercury Records / MTA Records |
# Kamchiq Tunnel

The Kamchiq Tunnel (Uzbek: Qamchiq tonneli) is a 19.2 kilometres (11.9 mi) long railway tunnel in Uzbekistan, which makes it the longest tunnel in Central Asia and in ex-USSR, and the longest broad gauge railway tunnel in the world (not counting metros).

## Background

This tunnel connects the fertile and densely populated Fergana Valley region of Uzbekistan, where about one third of the population lives, to the rest of the country. Prior to the fall of the Soviet Union and the independence of the republics of Central Asia, connectivity to Fergana Valley region was not an issue, as a rail line cutting across Sughd Region of Tajik SSR connected Tashkent and the rest of Uzbekistan to the region. The breakup of the Soviet Union meant that Fergana Valley was connected to the rest of Uzbekistan via only one road connection, A373 Highway through Kamchik Pass. Rail connection required travelling through territory of the now separate country of Tajikistan, resulting in a reported annual cost of $25 million in transit fees paid to Tajikistan.

## Construction

The tunnel was built by the China Railway Tunnel Group in collaboration with the Uzbek Railways and leads through seven geologic faults. Construction began September 2013 and the excavation works were finished 27 February 2016. In January 2014, work was delayed by an avalanche, covering the entrance with 78 metres (256 ft) of snow.
The tunnel is part of the Angren–Pop railway line.
The tunnel was opened for traffic on June 22, 2016.
# Ride quality

Ride quality refers to a vehicle's effectiveness in insulating the occupants from undulations in the road surface such as bumps or corrugations. A vehicle with good ride quality provides comfort for the driver and the passengers.

## Importance

Good ride quality provides comfort for the people inside the car, minimises damage to cargo and can reduce driver fatigue on long journeys in uncomfortable vehicles, and also because road disruption can impact the driver's ability to control the vehicle.
Suspension design is often a compromise between ride quality and car handling because cars with firm suspension can result in greater control of body movements and quicker reactions. Similarly, a lower center of gravity is more ideal for handling, but low ground clearance limits suspension travel and requires stiffer springs.
Ambulances have a special need for a high level of ride quality to avoid further injury to the already-ill passengers.

## Technology

Early vehicles, like the Ford Model T, with its leaf spring, live axle suspension design, were both uncomfortable and handled poorly.
Historically, weight was key to allowing cars such as the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud and the Cadillac in the 1950s and the 1960s to have a more comfortable ride quality. However, there are various drawbacks to heavier cars, including poor fuel efficiency, acceleration, braking, cornering and additional stresses on components.
Over time, technology has shifted the curve outward and so it is possible to offer vehicles that are extremely comfortable and still handle very well or vehicles with excellent handling that are also reasonably comfortable. One technical solution for offering both excellent comfort and reduced or eliminating body roll is by using computer-controlled suspensions, such as hydraulic active suspension system (like Active Body Control) or active anti-roll bars, but such systems are expensive because of their complexity.

## Factors

The main factor affecting ride quality is the stiffness of suspension components (e.g. springs, shock absorbers, anti-roll bars and bushings). Other factors include suspension geometry, vehicle mass and weight distribution.
# Hold On (Shut Up)

"Hold On (Shut Up)" is a song by American rapper Machine Gun Kelly featuring fellow American rapper Young Jeezy. Produced by JP Did This 1, it was released on August 6, 2012, serves as the third single from his debut studio album Lace Up.

## Background

The song was officially released through a mixtape by DJ Clue, called Desert Storm Radio: The Takeover, which was released on August 6, 2012. It was later included on Kelly's mixtape "EST 4 Life" (featuring DUBO), which was released on August 13, 2012. On August 7, 2012, MGK announced in a Ustream session that the song would be the third single for his upcoming album, Lace Up.

## Music video

The official music video was released on November 19, 2012.

## Track listing

Digital single

## Credits and personnel

* Songwriter – Richard Baker, Jay Jenkins
* Production – JP Did This 1
* Recording engineer - Brian White

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 86 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | October 9, 2012 | Digital download | Bad Boy, Interscope |
# Committee for Agriculture and Rural Affairs

The Committee for Agriculture and Rural Affairs is one of ten special committees of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's top political advisory body and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party's united front system.

## History

The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee was created in March 2018 during the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## List of chairpersons

| No. | Chairpersons | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 13th | Luo Zhijun | 16 March 2018 | 13 March 2023 | |
| 14th | Wang Jianjun | 13 March 2023 | Incumbent | |
# Saanve Megghana

Saanve Megghana (born September 12, 1997) is an Indian actress known for her work in Telugu cinema. She gained recognition for her role as Ramula in the Netflix Telugu anthology film Pitta Kathalu..
Early Life and Education
Saanve Megghana was born in Hyderabad, Telangana, India into a Telugu family. Her father, Vamshi Kishore, is a businessman, and her mother, Padma Mandumula, is a homemaker. She has a brother, Vamsi Pujit, who is also an aspiring actor.
She completed her schooling at Bhavan’s Sri Ramakrishna Vidyalaya in Secunderabad and later graduated from St. Francis College for Women, Hyderabad. During her college years, she developed an interest in acting, which led her to pursue a career in the film industry.
Career
Saanve gained widespread recognition for her performance in Pitta Kathalu (2021), Netflix's first Telugu original film, where she played the role of Ramula.
She later appeared in films such as Pushpaka Vimanam (2021) alongside Anand Deverakonda and Most Eligible Bachelor (2021). In 2023, she starred as Abhita in Prema Vimanam
Filmography
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | Pitta Kathalu | Ramula |
| 2021 | Most Eligible Bachelor | Harsha's Prospective Bride |
| 2021 | Pushpaka Vimanam | Rekha |
| 2023 | Prema Vimanam | Abhita |
| 2025 | Kudumbasthan | Vennila |
# Marco Fassone

Marco Fassone (born August 17, 1964 in Pinerolo) is an Italian business executive and sports manager, former managing director of AC Milan. He assumed this role after Li Yonghong’s Luxembourg-based holding company, Rossoneri Sport Investment, completed the takeover of Milan from Italian media mogul and former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
He has previously held leadership positions at other football clubs, most notably, Juventus, Napoli and Inter Milan.
# Nugaal-gibin

Nugaal-Gibin (Somali: Nugaal gibin, Arabic: نوغال غبن) is a District in the Mudug region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 40 km southeast of the city of Galdogob. The town is populated by the Xirsi Muumin subclan of Leelkase, and other Mumin Adan clans. Nugaal-Gibin has a population of approximately 50,000 people, mainly pastorals living in the rural areas of the town. Nugaal-Gibin has a primary school, MCH health center, and water wells.