# Alcobaça Formation

The Alcobaça Formation, previously known as the Guimarota Formation and also known as the Consolação Unit, is a geological formation in Portugal. It dates back to the Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic. It is an important source of information on the diversity of Late Jurassic mammals. Many of the fossils were collected from the now disused and flooded Camadas de Guimarota coal mine.

## Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaur eggs are geographically located in Lisbon District, Portugal. Dinosaur tracks are geographically located in Leiria District, Portugal.

### Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material |
| Hybodus | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated Teeth |
| Asteracanthus | A. biformatus | Guimarota | isolated teeth, fin-spine and a head-spine |
| Polyacrodus | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated teeth and a fin-spine |
| Orectolobiformes | Indeterminate | Guimarota | One isolated tooth |
| Batomorphii | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated teeth |

### Osteichthyes

Osteichthyes of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Macromesodon | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated teeth | |
| Proscinetes | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated teeth and prearticulars | |
| "Lepidotes" | Indeterminate | Guimarota | isolated lateral teeth, lower jaws, ganoid scales and isolated skull bones | Two species of different size can be distinguished from the fossil material |
| Ionoscopidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated teeth | |
| Macrosemiidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated grasping tooth | |
| Caturus? | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Isolated Teeth and a partial skull | |
| Pachycormidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota | | |

### Amphibians

Albanerpetontids are one of the most numerous faunal components of the Guimarota mine with around 9000 isolated remains, including parts of the skull and limbs. Remains of indeterminate salamanders and frogs are also present but far rarer.
Amphibians of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| cf. Celtedens | Indeterminate | Porto Pinheiro | Albanerpetontid |
| cf. Marmorerpeton | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Indeterminate salamander |
| Discoglossidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Indeterminate frog |

### Choristoderes

Choristoderes of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Cteniogenys | Indeterminate | Guimarota | | | | |

### Ornithischians

Indeterminate euornithopod remains located in Lisbon District. Indeterminate stegosaurid remains present in Lisbon District.
Ornithischians of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | District | Notes |
| Dacentrurus | D. armatus | Lisboa | |
| Ornithopoda | Indeterminate | Lisboa | |
| Stegosaurus | S. cf. ungulatus | | "...one tooth, five cervical vertebrae (including the axis), five dorsal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, three caudal vertebrae, chevrons, preacetabular process of the left ilium, right tibia, fibula, astragalus and [calcaneus], a cervical plate, and several fragments of plates." |
| Trimucrodon | T. cuneatus | Lisboa | Later determined to be indeterminate ornithischian remains. |

### Saurischians

Indeterminate sauropod remains located in Leiria and Lisboa.
Saurischians of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | District | Abundance | Notes |
| Allosaurus | A. europaeus | Leiria | A partial skeleton (MNHNUL/AND.001) including parts of the skull. | |
| Aviatyrannis | A. jurassica | Guimarota | | |
| Lusotitan | L. atalaiensis | Lisboa | | |
| Ceratosaurus | Indeterminate | Lisboa | | |
| Dinheirosaurus | D. lourinhanensis | Lisboa | "[Two] cervicals, [nine] dorsals, ribs, limb elements." | |
| Lourinhasaurus | L. alenquerensis | Lisboa | | |
| Megalosaurus | M. insignis | Lisboa | | Later determined to be indeterminate theropod remains. |

### Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic Position | Material | Notes | Images |
| aff. Rhamphorhynchus | Indeterminate | Guimarota | | Isolated Fragments | | |
| Pterodactyloidea | Indeterminate | Guimarota | | Teeth | | |

### Turtles

Turtles of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location |
| Peltochelys | P. duchastelli | Guimarota |
| Platychelys | Indeterminate | Guimarota |
| Pleurosternidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota |

### Lepidosauromorphs

Lepidosauromorphs of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Becklesius | B. hoffstetteri | Guimarota | Paramacellodid lizard |
| Dorsetisaurus | D. purbeckensis | Guimarota | Anguimorph lizard |
| Marmoretta | M. drescherae | Guimarota | Basal Lepidosauromorph |
| Portugalophis | P. lignites | Guimarota | Stem-snake |
| Saurillodon | S. proraformis | Guimarota | A lizard |
| Saurillus | S. henkeli, cf. obtusus | Guimarota | A lizard |
| cf. Opisthias | Indeterminate | Andrés, Pombal | A rhynchocephalian |

### Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Goniopholis | G. baryglyphaeus | Guimarota | A goniopholidid |
| Knoetschkesuchus | K. guimarotae | Guimarota | An atoposaurid |
| Lisboasaurus | L. mitracostatus | Guimarota | |
| Machimosaurus | M. hugii | Guimarota | A marine machimosaurid |

### Mammals

Mammals of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Bathmochoffatia | B. hapax | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Bernardodon | B. sp, B. atlanticus | Porto Pinheiro | A pinheirodontid multituberculate |
| Drescheratherium | D. acutum | Guimarota | A paurodontid dryolestidan |
| Dryolestes | D. leirensis | Guimarota | A dryolestid dryolestidan |
| Ecprepaulax | E. anomala | Porto Pinheiro | A pinheirodontid multituberculate |
| Guimarotodon | G. leiriensis | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Guimarotodus | G. inflatus | Guimarota | A dryolestid dryolestidan |
| Haldanodon | H. exspectatus | Guimarota | A docodont |
| Henkelodon | H. naias, H. sp | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Henkelotherium | H. guimarotae | Guimarota | A dryolestidan |
| Iberodon | I. quadrituberculatus | Porto Pinheiro | A pinheirodontid multituberculate |
| Kielanodon | K. hopsoni | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Krebsotherium | K. lusitanicum | Guimarota | A dryolestid dryolestidan |
| Kuehneodon | K. guimarotensis, K. dietrichi, K. simpsoni, K. uniradiculatus, K. sp | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Laolestes | L. andresi | Porto Pinheiro | A dryolestid dryolestidan |
| Meketibolodon | M. robustus | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Meketichoffatia | M. krausei, M. sp | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Nanolestes | N. krusati | Porto Pinheiro | A cladotherian |
| Nanolestes | N. drescherae | Guimarota | A cladotherian |
| Paulchoffatia | P. delgadoi | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Pinheirodon | P. sp, P. vastus, P. pygmaeus | Porto Pinheiro | A pinheirodontid multituberculate |
| Plesiochoffatia | P. thoas, P. peperethos | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Portopinheirodon | P. asymmetricus | Porto Pinheiro | A dryolestid dryolestidan |
| Priacodon | Indeterminate | Porto Pinheiro | A triconodontid |
| Proalbionbaatar | P. plagiocyrtus | Guimarota | A multituberculate of uncertain placement |
| Pseudobolodon | P. dryas, P krebsi, P. oreas | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Renatodon | R. amalthea | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| ? Tinodon | Indeterminate | Porto Pinheiro | A tinodontid symmetrodont |
| Xenachoffatia | X. oinopion | Guimarota | A paulchoffatiid multituberculate |
| Paulchoffatiidae | Indeterminate | Guimarota | 4 distinct genera with 7 species |
| Pinheirodontidae | Indeterminate | Porto Pinheiro | |
| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

## Invertebrate Paleofauna
### Ostracods

Ostracods of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Cetacella | C. armata | Cetacella is a typical component of Late Jurassic brackish water environments in Europe. Member of the Cypridacea |
| Cetacella | C. inermis | Cetacella is a typical component of Late Jurassic brackish water environments in Europe. Member of the Cypridacea |
| Cetacella | C. striata | Cetacella is a typical component of Late Jurassic brackish water environments in Europe. Member of the Cypridacea |
| Theriosynoecum | T. wyomingense | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Bisulcocypris | B. pahasapensis | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Timiriasevia | T. guimarotensis | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Poisia | P. bicostata | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Poisia | P. clivosa | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Dicrorygima | D. reticulata | Member of the Cytheracea |
| Darwinula | D. leguminella | Member of the Darwinulacea |

### Mollusca
#### Bivalves

Bivalves of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic Position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Isognomon | I. rugosus | Guimarota | | Dozens of well preserved shells sometimes making up entire stratigraphic layers | This genus is regarded as an indicator for brachyhaline water conditions and it was likely buried in its natural habitat | |
| "Unio" | "U." cf. alcobacensis | Guimarota | | Dozens of well preserved shells with articulated valves | freshwater clam | |

#### Gastropods

Gastropods of the Alcobaça Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Teinostoma | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Shells | Boring traces of clionidid sponges on the shells of this taxon indicate a marine lifestyle |
| Cryptaulax | Indeterminate | Guimarota | Shells | |
| Melampoides | M. jurassicus | Guimarota | Shells | Boring traces of clionidid sponges on the shells of this taxon indicate a marine lifestyle, modern relatives like Melampus also venture onto land, which can also be expected from M. jurassicus |