OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transport in Libya
## Railways

Libya has had no railway in operation since 1965, all previous narrow gauge lines having been dismantled. Plans for a new network have been under development for some time (earthworks were begun between Sirte and Ras Ajdir, Tunisia border, in 2001–5), and in 2008 and 2009 various contracts were placed and construction work started on a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge railway parallel to the coast from the Tunisian border at Ras Ajdir to Tripoli, and on to Misrata, Sirte, Benghazi and Bayda. Another railway line will run inland from Misrata to Sabha at the centre of a mineral-rich area.

## Highways

Total: 83,200 km Paved: 47,590 km Unpaved: 35,610 km (1996 est.)
There are about 83,200 km of roads in Libya, 47,590 km of which are surfaced. It 2020, there were an estimated 490 vehicles in use per 1000 residents, the highest rate in Africa. The best roads run along the coast between Tripoli and Tunis in Tunisia; also between Benghazi and Tobruk, connecting with Alexandria in Egypt. A fairly efficient bus service operates along these routes, with two main bus transport companies. One covers long-distance, international routes, while the other is chiefly engaged in shorter trips between towns. Bus fares are low and the standard of comfort, particularly on international routes is good, with air-conditioned vehicles and good service.
Taxis are available in the larger towns and are usually hired on a shared basis, although individual hire can be negotiated. The driving skills of taxi drivers are extremely variable. Taxis may have meters, but these are rarely in use. Car hire for self-drive is not recommended in Libya, although it is possible to hire a vehicle from agents in larger hotels. Vehicles are often old and poorly maintained, however, and are unequal to long-distance driving. Driving itself can be hazardous and there is a high rate of road accidents.

### Regional highways

Libya has two routes in the Trans-African Highway network, but only one currently functions as such, the Cairo–Dakar Highway.

## Ports and harbours
### Mediterranean Sea

(west to east)
* Zuwara
* Tripoli
* Khoms
* Misrata
* Ra's Lanuf
* Brega
* Benghazi
* Derna
* Tobruk

## Merchant marine

Total: 17 ships (1000 GT or over) 96,062 GT/88,760 tonnes deadweight (DWT)
By type: Cargo 9, Liquified Gas 3, Passenger/Cargo 2, Petroleum Tanker 1, Roll on/Roll off 2 Foreign-owned: 4 (Kuwait 1, Turkey 2, UAE 1) (2005)

## Airports

139 (2005) Most international flights arrive in and through Tripoli International Airport.

### Airports – with paved runways

Total: 59 over 3,047 m: 23
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2005)

### Airports – with unpaved runways

Total: 80 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 41 under 914 m: 18 (2008)
# Pawan Sehrawat

Pawan Sehrawat is an Indian kabaddi player. He plays for Telugu Titans in the Pro Kabaddi League and represents the Reserve Bank of India. He was the most expensive player in the history of the league when Tamil Thalaivas picked him for ₹ 2.26 crores for the ninth season. He was bought by the Telugu Titans for Rs 2.60 crore for the tenth season, again becoming the most expensive player of the league.

## Early life

Pawan Sehrawat was born in Delhi on 9 July 1996. He is 28 years old. His father's name is Rajbeer Singh Sehrawat. He completed his secondary education at the government school in Bawana. He was employed at RBI.

## Career
### Pro-Kabaddi league
#### Initial seasons

Pawan made his debut for Bengaluru Bulls in third season of Pro Kabaddi League. He played in 13 games and finished as his team's leading raid-point scorer with 45 points. Pawan played ten games in season 4 and scored only 11 points from 33 raids. Pawan was picked up by Gujarat Giants for season 5 and was mainly used as an impact raider off the bench. He played nine matches including the final and scored ten points.

#### Break through and key player

Pawan returned to Bengaluru Bulls for season 6. He scored 20 raid points in the first match against Tamil Thalaivas. He scored four Super 10s in his first five appearances. He eventually finished with 282 points with 13 Super 10s . Pawan scored 13 raid points in Qualifier 1 and 22 raid points in the final against Gujarat Giants with Bengaluru Bulls winning their maiden title. He was crowned the league's Most Valuable Player.
Sehrawat led the Bulls to their second playoff appearance in season 7 and finished the season as the league's top scorer with 353 points. He scored 39 raid points against Haryana Steelers, the most by any raider in a single game in the history of Pro Kabaddi League. Pawan was the most successful raider scoring 320 points in season 8.

#### Injury and comeback

Pawan became the most expensive player in the history of the Pro kabbadi league when Tamil Thalaivas picked him for ₹ 2.26 crores for the ninth season. However, he suffered a knee injury in the first match of the season against Gujarat Giants, ending his season.
Before the tenth season, Pawan was released by Tamil Thalaivas and went into the auction pool. Pawan was bagged by Telugu Titans for a record-breaking deal of ₹2.6 crores in the auction. Pawan Sehrawat has played 5 matches so far in Pro Kabaddi League Season 10, in which he has scored a total of 53 points and is the third most successful raider in the league.

### International career

Pawan played for the India national kabaddi team at the 2019 South Asian Games winning the gold medal. He won gold medal at the Asian Kabaddi Championship 2023 representing the Indian team.

## Achievements

* Most Valuable Player, 2018 Pro Kabbadi league
* Most raid points, 2018, 2019 and 2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League
* Most raid points in a Pro Kabaddi match (39)
* Gold, 2019 South Asian Games
* Gold, Asian Kabaddi Championship 2023

## Awards

He was conferred the Arjuna Award for 2023.
# Gerson Camata

Gerson Camata (June 29, 1941 – December 26, 2018) was a Brazilian journalist and politician. Camata served in Federal Senate for three terms from 1987 until 2011. He was also the first person directly elected Governor of Espírito Santo, an office he held from 1983 to 1986, following the restoration of democracy in the 1980s.

## Biography

Camata graduated from Federal University of Espírito Santo with a degree in economics. He worked as a journalist and host for Radio Espírito Santo, where he covered crime and the police.
In 1967, Camata began his political career as a Vitória city alderman for the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), the party of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil at the time. He served on the city council from 1967 until 1970, when he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Espírito Santo as an ARENA state deputy.
In 1974, Camata was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies as a member of ARENA. He won re-election to a second term in the Chamber of Deputies in 1978. In 1979, with the legalization of opposition parties, Camata left ARENA and joined the newly formed Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) in opposition to the government.
In 1982, Camata announced his candidacy for Governor of Espírito Santo. He won the 1982 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election with 67% of the vote, becoming the first person directly elected as Espírito Santo's governor during the transition to democracy. He served as governor from 1983 until 1986, when he resigned to run for the Federal Senate. His vice governor, José Moraes [pt], succeeded Camata as the new governor of Espírito Santo.
Camata was elected to his first term in the Federal Senate in the 1986 Brazilian legislative election. He won re-election to Senate in the 1994 and 2002 legislative elections. Camata served the Senate for twenty-four years (and three full terms) until his retirement in 2011. During his final term, Camata simultaneously served as the state Secretary of Development, Infrastructure and Transport under Governor Paulo Hartung, beginning in May 2006.

### Assassination

On December 26, 2018, Camata was shot and killed by a former aide in the Praia do Canto [pt] neighborhood of Vitória, Espírito Santo. The shooting occurred outside a restaurant near the intersection of Chapot Presvot and Joaquim Lyrio streets. Camata was shot in the left shoulder. The bullet exited through his right shoulder, causing damage to his internal organs. He did not survive the attack and died at the age of 77.
Police captured the assailant, Marcos Vinícius Moreira Andrade, a former aide to Camata, just minutes after the attack.
Camata, a resident of the Ilha do Frade neighborhood of Vitória, was survived by his wife, Rita Camata, a former state and federal deputy, and their two children, Bruno and Enza Rafaela. Espírito Santo Governor Paulo Hartung declared seven days of mourning following Camata's murder.
# Kalam Vellum

Kalam Vellum (/kɑːləm vɛllum/ transl. Time Will Win) is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language Western film produced, filmed and directed by M. Karnan. The film stars Jaishankar, Vijayakumari and Vijaya Lalitha. It revolves around a farmer who, in his quest to avenge his sister's death, becomes a dacoit bent on revenge. The film was released on 11 September 1970.

## Plot

Velu, a poor farmer, loses his sister Dhanam due to the atrocities and exploitation of landlord Periyaraja. To avenge his sister's death, Velu kills Periyaraja's brother Chinnaraja. He then escapes from there and joins a gang of dacoits, headed by Narasingam. The gang is initially perturbed by Velu's presence, but his courage and good nature wins him their love and respect. Velu succeeds Narasingam as the gang leader. His aim is to rob the rich and save the poor. He is constantly looking for an opportunity to take revenge against Periyasamy. Velu forgets that his wife is waiting for his return to his village. Finally, Velu takes revenge on Periyaraja and surrenders to the police.

## Cast

* Jaishankar as Velu
* Vijayakumari as Kannamma
* Nagesh as Paavadai
* O. A. K. Thevar as Periyaraja
* M. R. R. Vasu as Chinnaraja
* Vijaya Lalitha as Rani
* Gandhimathi as Velu's mother
* Usha as Dhanam
* Shanmugasundaram as Narasingam
* Suruli Rajan
* V. Nagayya as a police officer
* Usilai Mani

## Production

In January 1970, several months after the release of his first film as a producer (Pennai Vazha Vidungal, August 1969), M. Karnan began pre-production on his directorial debut, Kalam Vellum. K. R. Vatsala initially shot for the role of Jaishankar's sister, which later went to Usharani.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Shankar–Ganesh, with lyrics by Kannadasan.

## Release and reception

Kalam Vellum was released on 11 September 1970. The Indian Express called it a "hotchpotch of all the adventure films that have come in Tamil and English movies that have been imported".
# Putka (Lima)

Putka (Jauja Quechua for "muddy", also spelled Putca) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is slocated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Chicla District.
Putka lies northwest of Wayrakancha and east of Quñuqp'ukru and the little lake named Putkaqucha (Quechua for "muddy lake", Hispanicized name Lago Putca or Laguna Putca) which is located at 11°41′20″S 76°13′37″W﻿ / ﻿11.68889°S 76.22694°W﻿ / -11.68889; -76.22694.
# Aguas Calientes River (Sucre)

10°38′10″N 62°26′48″W﻿ / ﻿10.6361°N 62.4467°W﻿ / 10.6361; -62.4467
Aguas Calientes ("hot waters" in Spanish) is the name of a small river in Benítez Municipality, Sucre state, Venezuela. It is fed by hot springs of which there are a number on the Paria Peninsula.
The waters of the river are hot enough for cooking purposes, but not as hot as those of Las Trincheras, the source of the similarly named river in Carabobo state.
# Margarita Michelena

Margarita Michelena (July 21, 1917, Pachuca, Hidalgo – March 27, 1998, Mexico City) was a Mexican poet, literary critic, translator and journalist.

## Biography

Her parents were Spaniards who had lived some time in France before coming to Mexico. She studied at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City, in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. She began her literary career at the magazine América, and later was editor of El Libro y el Pueblo at the Secretariat of Public Education (until 1962). Later she was a political editorialist at the newspapers Novedades and Excélsior. At the same time she had a radio program dealing with lexicographical questions. In 1967 she became the head of the press office of the Secretariat of Tourism.
In 1980 she founded the newspaper Cotidiano, produced by and for women and presenting the news from a female point of view. She was the director of the newspaper.
Her poems were said to be striking, precise and rich in metaphor. They were widely anthologized.

## Works

       Hipótesis del vuelo (excerpt)
    No combaten el pájaro y el viento.
    El pájaro es la música
    y el aire su hechizado instrumento.
    Para saber por qué vuelan los pájaros
    no hay que ver los sofismas de sus alas,
    sino escuchar el río iluminado
    que empieza en su garganta.
    Las razones del vuelo son razones de música
    y si el pájaro vuela, es sólo porque canta.
Translation:
       Hypothesis of Flight
    They do not compete, the bird and the wind.
    The bird is music
    And the air its bewitched instrument.
    To know why the birds fly
    It is not necessary to see the sophisms of their wings,
    Only to hear the illuminated river
    That begins in its throat.
    The reasons of the flight are reasons of music
    And if the bird flies, it is solely because it sings.
Her published books include the following. All are books of poetry except as otherwise indicated.
* Paraíso y nostalgia (1945)
* Laurel del ángel (1948)
* Tres poemas y una nota autobiográgica (1953)
* La tristeza terrestre (1954)
* Notas en torno a la poesía mexicana contemporánea (criticism; 1959)
* Reunión de imágenes (poetic anthology; 1969)
* El país más allá de la niebla (1969)

## Quotes

Octavio Paz: "Sus poemas son torres esbeltas, construcciones intelectuales de una sensibilidad inteligente." (Her poems are slender towers, intellectual constructions of intelligent sensibility.)
# Hold (song)

"Hold" is a song by Australian singer songwriter, Vera Blue. This was her first single under the name Vera Blue, as she'd previously released songs under her birth name, Celia Pavey. "Hold" was released on 18 September 2015 and peaked at number 62 on the Australian ARIA Chart in March 2016 and at number 5 on the US Spotify viral top 50 chart.
Upon release, Vera Blue said; “This song is about finding someone who pulls you out of a dark place. It’s about when you’ve opened your heart so many times to people and you finally find that person who is there to protect you, to look after you, even when you’ve hurt them and they’ve hurt you. You never give up on them.”
A black and white music video was released on 19 November 2015 to promote the single. It was directed by Pete Foley & Laura Nagy.
The single was certified gold in 2017 and platinum in 2018.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 62 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Edition | Format(s) | Label |
| Australia | 18 September 2015 | Standard | Digital download | Universal Music Australia |
| Australia | 26 February 2016 | Black Vanilla Remix | Digital download | Universal Music Australia |
# Charles Robert McKeown

Charles Robert McKeown, KC (November 19, 1866 – January 13, 1942) was an Ontario lawyer and political figure. He represented Dufferin in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1907 to 1926 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Orangeville, Canada West, the son of Robert McKeown, and educated at the University of Toronto. He articled in law with William L. Walsh, graduated from Osgoode Hall in 1894 and set up practice in Orangeville. In 1895, he married Crystine Innes McIntosh. He served as mayor of Orangeville in 1906 and 1907. In 1907, McKeown was named King's Counsel. He was elected to the provincial assembly in a 1907 by-election held after the death of Frederick William Lewis. He served as Chairman of the Municipal and Railway Board from 1927 to 1935.
He died at his Toronto home in 1942 after being ill for several weeks.
# Constance Jeffery

Constance Joan Jeffery is an American biophysicist and an associate professor of biological sciences at the University of Illinois Chicago. She was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2022. Jeffery is known for her work with multifunctional proteins.

## Early life and career

Jeffery was drawn to science and math from a young age, with gene cloning in magazines like Time driving an interest in understanding how these discoveries could further scientific knowledge. Jeffery earned her Bachelor of Science degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1987 with initial lab experience in chemistry and immunology. She earned her Ph.D. in 1993 in Douglas Koshland's lab at the University of California, Berkeley where she worked on better understanding protein structure and function. Following her Ph.D., she was a postdoctoral fellow at Brandeis University and Tufts University School of Medicine. In 1999 she moved to the University of Illinois Chicago, where she was promoted to associate professor in 2005.

## Research

Jeffery applies several biochemical and biophysical techniques in her research including x-ray crystallography, ligand binding assays and catalytic activity assays. Jeffery is known for her work describing multi-functional proteins, which she termed moonlighting proteins, which are proteins with a single polypeptide chain that have multiple functions. Jeffery has used crystallography to investigate proteins, and examined how multifunctional proteins can assist with treatments for cancer.

## Selected publications

* Jeffery, Constance J. (1999-01-01). "Moonlighting proteins". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (1): 8–11. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01335-8. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 10087914.
* Jeffery, Constance J. (2003-08-01). "Moonlighting proteins: old proteins learning new tricks". Trends in Genetics. 19 (8): 415–417. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00167-7. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 12902157.
* Zwicke, Grant L.; Ali Mansoori, G.; Jeffery, Constance J. (2012). "Utilizing the folate receptor for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics". Nano Reviews. 3 (1): 18496. doi:10.3402/nano.v3i0.18496. ISSN 2000-5121. PMC 3521101. PMID 23240070.
* Jeffery, Constance J (2004-12-01). "Molecular mechanisms for multitasking: recent crystal structures of moonlighting proteins". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 14 (6): 663–668. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2004.10.001. ISSN 0959-440X. PMID 15582389.

## Awards and honors

In 2022 Jeffrey was elected to join the 2021 class of fellows for the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her work with proteins.
# Alaska Nellie's Homestead

Alaska Nellie's Homestead, located at Mile 23 of the Seward Highway in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, is the former homestead of Nellie Neal Lawing. Neal Lawing had migrated to Alaska in 1915 and ran a number of roadhouses for the Alaska Railroad before settling at the Roosevelt roadhouse on Kenai Lake in 1923, where she built her homestead. She planned to marry Kenneth Holden after settling, but he died in an industrial accident before their marriage; his cousin Billie Lawing then proposed to her, and the two married. A post office opened in the area in 1924; Nellie was the first postmistress, and the post office was named Lawing in her honor.
Nellie was a wildlife expert and trophy hunter, and she kept her hunting trophies, which included three bears, in the roadhouse. She was also known to keep pet bear cubs outside her home. The homestead became a popular lodge due to Nellie's wildlife lectures, and it attracted guests such as Will Rogers, Alice Calhoun, and Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. After Billie died in 1936, Nellie continued to operate the lodge and roadhouse until her death in 1956.
The roadhouse was destroyed in the 1960s, likely by the rising waters of Kenai Lake after the 1964 Alaska earthquake. The homestead was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975; at the time, only the homestead and a number of outbuildings still stood at the site. The homestead was used as a tourist shop in the 1970s and later became a bed and breakfast; however, it was eventually vacated. In 1998, the Alaska Association for Historic Preservation listed the site as one of the ten most endangered historic properties in the state.
# Nagamachi Station

Nagamachi Station (長町駅, Nagamachi-eki) is a junction railway station in Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the Sendai Subway.

## Lines

Nagamachi Station is served by the Sendai Subway Nanboku Line, and on JR East's Joban Line and Tohoku Main Line. The Sendai Airport Access Line uses the same tracks, but passes through the station without stopping. The subway and JR lines are not directly connected; however, the distance between the two stations is only around two hundred metres. It is 347.3 kilometers from the terminus of the Tohoku Main Line at Tokyo and 12.4 kilometers from the terminus of the Sendai Subway Namboku Line at Izumi-Chūō.

## Station layout

JR Nagamachi Station is an elevated station with one island platform, and the station building located underneath. The station has a "Midori no Madoguchi" staffed ticket office. The Sendai Subway portion of the station has a single underground island platform.

### JR East platforms

| 1 | ■ Tohoku Main Line | for Sendai, Rifu, Matsushima, and Kogota |
| 2 | ■ Tohoku Main Line | for Shiroishi and Fukushima |
| 2 | ■ Joban Line | for Iwanuma and Haranomachi |

### Sendai Subway platforms

| 1 | ■ Namboku Line | ■ for Tomizawa |
| 2 | ■ Namboku Line | ■ for Sendai and Izumi-Chūō |

## History

Nagamachi Station opened on November 2, 1894, as a military station of the Nippon Railway. It was opened to the general public on February 21, 1896. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. The subway station opened on June 15, 1987.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the JR East station was used by an average of 9,513 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). In the same year, the Sendai Subway station was used by an average of 8,477 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 4
* National Route 286
* Sendai-Taihaku Ward Office
* Sendai-Nitta Post Office