OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kamenyane

Kamenyane is a village in Dzhebel Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.
# Kreis Witkowo

Kreis Witkowo was a district in Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1887 to 1919.

## Demographics

According to the Prussian census of 1905, the district had a population of 27,784, of which 84% were Poles and 16% were Germans. The majority of German residents left the district after 1918.

## Court system

The main court (German: Landgericht) was in Gnesen, with lower courts (German: Amtsgericht) in Gnesen and Witkowo.
# Manpur, Kapilvastu

Manpur is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3273.
# Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War

A number of cases were tried before the Supreme Court of the United States during the period of the American Civil War. These cases focused on wartime civil liberties, and the ability of the various branches of the government to alter them. The following cases were among the most significant.

## Pre-war

* Ex parte Bollman (1807) was an early case that made many important arguments about the power of the Supreme Court, as well as the constitutional definition of treason.
* Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Dred Scott, a slave owned by a Dr. Emerson, was taken from Missouri to a free state and then back to Missouri again. Scott sued, claiming that his residence in a free territory granted him freedom. In a 7–2 vote, the Supreme Court decided that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories, making the already repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional. Furthermore, the Court went on to state that blacks were not citizens of the United States and could not become citizens and therefore they could not sue in a court.

## During the war

* Ex parte Merryman (1861) was actually not a Supreme Court case, although it was heard by then-Chief Justice Roger Taney (see circuit riding). Taney protested Lincoln's secret notice granting military personnel the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. This case is an example of a U.S. President ignoring a court's ruling on the grounds of necessity.
* In Ex parte Vallandigham (1863), a former congressman was tried before a military tribunal by General Ambrose Burnside for treason after he delivered an incendiary speech at Mount Vernon. A writ of certiorari brought the case to the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Roger Taney. The court avoided disagreement with the President or military by arguing that since the extra-legal tribunals were, unsurprisingly, not listed in any documents enumerating courts over which the Supreme Court had authority, Vallandigham had no grounds for appeal. Ex parte Metzger was used as precedent.

## Post-war

* In Ex parte Milligan (1866), the Supreme Court led by Chase ruled that, so long as local civilian courts are open, citizens may not be tried by military tribunals. It further observed that, during the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, citizens may only be held without charges, not tried, and certainly may not be executed by military tribunals.
* In Texas v. White (1869), the Court held in a 5–3 decision that Texas had remained a state of the United States ever since it first joined the Union, despite its joining the Confederate States of America and its being under military rule at the time of the decision in the case. It further held that the Constitution did not permit states to secede from the United States, and that the ordinances of secession, and all the acts of the legislatures within seceding states intended to give effect to such ordinances, were "absolutely null." However, this decision did allow some possibility of divisibility "through revolution, or through consent of the States."
# Paracles paula

Paracles paula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil.
# Krishnanagar, Karnataka

Krishnanagar is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India. It had a population of 600 as of the 2011 Indian census.
# Pang Long

Pang Long (Chinese: 庞龙; born May 2, 1971) is a Chinese singer. Two Butterflies and You are My Rose are his representative works.

## Biography

Pang was born in Fuxin, Liaoning, China in 1971, his father is a miner, he has 3 older sisters.
After graduating from vocational high school, he worked as a worker. Pang studied music under Zhang Mu (张牧) in 1994. Pang entered Shenyang Conservatory of Music in 1997.
Pang joined the Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Song and Dance Troupe.
# Mannville coalfield

The Mannville is a large coal field located in the western part of Canada in Alberta. Mannville represents one of the largest coal reserve in Canada having estimated reserves of 570 billion tonnes of coal.
# Manny's Deli

Manny's Cafeteria and Delicatessen, commonly known as Manny's Deli and sometimes known as Manny's Coffee Shop & Deli, is a delicatessen in Chicago, Illinois, United States, located in the Near West Side community area. It has been described as "the biggest, best-known, and oldest deli in the city". The deli has long been a meeting place for Chicago politicians and became the subject of national interest because of its popularity with President Barack Obama. One writer called Manny's "the second-most-likely place to see local politicians, after City Hall", and former governor George Ryan referred to it in his memoir as "one of my favorite places to eat lunch in Chicago" and reminisced about once receiving a phone call from Nelson Mandela while eating a corned beef sandwich there.

## History

Manny's traces its history back to 1942, when the Raskin brothers, Jack and Charlie, went into business together in Chicago, opening the Purity deli located at Van Buren and Halsted streets. After World War II, Jack Raskin opened his own restaurant on Roosevelt Road near Maxwell Street, where he purchased a business known as Sunny's. In order to save money, Raskin chose to name his new restaurant "Manny's" after his son Emanuel, known as Manny, thus requiring only two letters on the "Sunny's" sign to be replaced.
The restaurant had various locations over the ensuing years, with Manny Raskin eventually taking over for his father Jack. Manny Raskin moved the cafeteria to its current location at 1141 South Jefferson Street in 1964. Manny Raskin's son Kenneth began managing the restaurant during his father's lifetime and continued to do so after his father's death in 1983. It is now run by Ken Raskin and Ken's son Dan. It has moved multiple times through the years, and was renovated in 2016. The restaurant celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2022 with Governor J. B. Pritzker in attendance.
In 2002, a Manny's location was opened at Midway International Airport, but it closed in 2017 when many of the airport's restaurants were replaced.
During the COVID-19 pandemic Manny's gave away 1,000 free sandwiches to masked customers.
In 2022, Manny's began to make some of its food available for shipping nationwide.

## Cuisine

Manny's is self-described as a "Jewish-style cafeteria", although it is not kosher. Among the foods it is known for are corned beef sandwiches, pastrami sandwiches, potato pancakes, and matzo ball soup.
# MAPKAPK5

MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPKAPK5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. In response to cellular stress and proinflammatory cytokines, this kinase is activated through its phosphorylation by MAP kinases, including MAPK1/ERK, MAPK14/p38-alpha, and MAPK11/p38-beta. In vitro, this kinase phosphorylates heat shock protein HSP27 at its physiologically relevant sites. Two alternately-spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
A link between Alzheimer's disease and reduced levels of MAPKAPK5 has been proposed. Clinical trials may confirm if this is the case.
# Kroeger Clocks

The Kroeger family of Mennonite clockmakers, better known as Kroeger Clocks, was a well-known clockmaking family, the earliest recorded of whom was Peter D. Kroeger from Reimerswalde, near Danzig, Prussia in the mid-1700s.
The clockmaking continued with Johann Kroeger, who moved in the late 18th century in the mass Mennonite migration to the Russian Empire and established his shop in Rosenthal, Chortitza, Ukraine. The clocks were made by five generations of the Kroeger family until the early 20th century and are known their high quality and elaborate design. The clocks were wall-hanging clocks and rope-driven, in the early years, often with floral patterns on the dial. Most Mennonite families had one of these clocks as they were often given as wedding presents and were passed on among Russian Mennonite families as valued heirlooms and collector's items. Other Mennonite clock-makers include Lepp, Hildebrandt, Mandtler, and Hamm.
The Kroeger Clock Heritage Foundation was established to preserve these and other Mennonite clocks, and has sponsored exhibits including the 2018 exhibit at Mennonite Heritage Village museum in Steinbach, Manitoba and others.
# Manuel Revollo Crespo

Manuel Revollo Crespo (June 17, 1925 – October 26, 2014) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1952, Revollo Crespo was named titular bishop of Casae in Numinda and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cochabamba, Bolivia in 1985. In 1993, he was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Bolivia Military Ordinariate and resigned in 2000.
# Supung station

Sup'ung station is a railway station of the Korean State Railway in Sup'ung Workers' District, Sakchu County, North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea; it is the terminus of the Sup'ung Line of the Korean State Railway.

## History

Sup'ung station, along with the rest of the Sup'ung Line, was opened by the P'yŏngbuk Railway on 27 September 1939.

## Services

Sup'ung station is served by six pairs of commuter trains that run along the Ch'ongsu–Sup'ung–P'ungnyŏn route.
# Supung Lake

Supung Lake(수풍저수지) is an artificial reservoir on the border between North Korea and China. The lake has been created by a damming of the Yalu River by the Sup'ung Dam, located just upstream from Sinuiju, North Korea.

## History

The Sup'ung Dam was built between 1937 and 1943 by the Japanese forces during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. When it was built, the dam was on China's land, and the power station on North Korea's land. It had the capacity to power all of Korea and Manchuria in electricity.
On 19 December 1972, North Korea and China signed a protocol for the Joint Protection/Proliferation and Use of Fishery Resources (8 articles) regarding the management of the Supung Lake. Another protocol was previously signed in 1959 regarding the use of fishery in the lake, but only regional representatives had written and signed this protocol.

## Changsung Chalet

The Korean-style tiled-roof Changsung Chalet on the shore of the lake is the property of the Kim Il Sung/Kim Jong Il dynasty. There is supposedly a tunnel directly connecting the chalet and inland China.

## In literature

The South-Korean writer Ko Un wrote a poem about a man who chip away the Supung Dam for decades to " resuscitate the old (Yalu) river". The dam eventually breaks and the water is drained out of the lake, revealing the ancient tombs of the Koguryo and Palhae periods.

## Sources

* ↑ Daniel Gomà Pinilla, Border Disputes between China and North Korea, Openedition.org, 23 April 2007 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
* ↑ Jin-Hyun Paik, Seok-Woo Lee, Kevin Tan, Asian Approaches to International Law and the Legacy of Colonialism: The Law of the Sea, Territorial Disputes and International Dispute Settlement, Routledge, 2013 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
* ↑ Kim Jong Il, Where He Sleeps and Where He Works, Dailynk.com, 15 March 2005 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
* ↑ Karen Thornber, Ecoambiguity: Environmental Crises and East Asian Literatures, University of Michigan Press, 2012 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
* This article related to a lake in China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Krider's hawk

Krider's hawk or Krider's red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis kriderii) is a subspecies or color morph of red-tailed hawk. Authorities vary in their treatment of the taxon. It was named after John Krider, the gunsmith from Philadelphia who collected the type specimen, which is preserved in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.
In the breeding season, it occurs from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and extreme western Ontario south to south-central Montana, Wyoming, western Nebraska, and western Minnesota. In winter, it occurs from South Dakota and southern Minnesota south to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Louisiana.
It is about the same size as the western red-tailed hawk (B. j. calurus). Wing chord averages 378.9 mm (14.92 in) in males and 411.9 mm (16.22 in). Males and females average 220.9 and 237 mm (8.70 and 9.33 in) in tail length, 85 and 87.9 mm (3.35 and 3.46 in) in tarsal length and 25.6 and 26.8 mm (1.01 and 1.06 in) in culmen length.
Hybridization is possible and known to occur, most extensively with B. j. calurus, but also in the Dakotas and eastern Wyoming with the eastern red-tailed hawk (B. j. borealis) and in Alberta some possible Krider's hybrids with Harlan's hawks (B. j. harlani) have been reported (despite being considerably farther east than Harlan's tend to breed). Krider's hawk is paler than other red tails, with the head typically white (and the crown invariably so) with somewhat darker nape, variable dark markings about the face (sometimes either through the eyes, forming a moustache or ear streaks). The upperparts are light brown and upper-wing coverts are heavily mottled white, the tail is typically whitish at the base otherwise a fairly pale pink rufous (more rufous than the somewhat similar marked ferruginous hawk, which also have rufous "trousers" that are pure white on Krider's). Krider's hawks are distinctly all white underneath with no trace of a belly band, unlike the palest B. m. harlani. There is much individual variation, which is complicated by possible racial hybridization. One study found males more likely than females to have pure B. j. kriderii characteristics. The same study found that Krider's hawks were fully specialized as breeders for the prairie habitat, favoring much more open areas than do other red tails or especially Harlan's hawks. While wintering Harlan's and Krider's hawks frequently occur in the same general areas, but their habitat preferences there were highly different, Harlan's favoring thickly timbered areas and Krider's in quite grassy open areas. Wintering Krider's also used different and more open habitats than resident red tails. These authors questioned whether Krider's hawk was once a pure subspecies, similar to the prairie merlin, but following human habitat alterations, B. j. calurus and B. j. borealis encroached into their breeding ranges and diluted their characteristics.
# Lynnhaven River

35°53′45″N 76°5′33″W﻿ / ﻿35.89583°N 76.09250°W﻿ / 35.89583; -76.09250
The Lynnhaven River is a tidal estuary located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, in the United States, and flows into the Chesapeake Bay west of Cape Henry at Lynnhaven Inlet, beyond which is Lynnhaven Roads. It has a small, developed watershed covering 64 square miles (170 km$^2$), terminating at Lynnhaven Bay. It was once famous along the East Coast of the United States for its oysters, which declined through pollution and runoff. It is now being restored by the Lynnhaven River Now restoration project based out of the Brock Environmental Center. A proposed comprehensive project for ecosystem restoration of the Lynnhaven River Basin is currently under consideration by the United States Congress.

## History

Notable historic residences near the entrance include the Adam Keeling House, Adam Thoroughgood House, and Ferry Plantation House and the area was the site of the early colonial settlement of Henry Town.
The bay was a convenient harbor for coast-wise shipping in the colonial period.
Adam Thoroughgood was from King's Lynn in Norfolk, England. Many locations in Virginia Beach, including the Lynnhaven River, Lynn Shores, Thalia Lynn, and Lynnhaven Road (parkway, drive, etc.) are named Lynn after King's Lynn.
In 1807, it was the site of a British squadron of ships, from whence sailed HMS Leopard in its engagement and capture of USS Chesapeake.
# Manuel Salazar

Manuel Salazar may refer to:
* Manuel Salazar (actor) (born 1956), Venezuelan actor
* Manuel Salazar (footballer) (born 1986), Salvadoran footballer
* Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano (1777–1850), President of Peru
* Manuel Salazar (artist) (born 1966), Mexican-American artist
* Manuel Salazar (gymnast) (born 1977), Mexican artistic gymnast
# Sunward Aerospace Group

Sunward Aerospace is the short name of an incorporated company started in early 2000 producing a line of model rockets. Originally called Sunward Model Aerospace, the name is now Sunward Aerospace Group Limited. The company is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The company switched owners in October 2004 and since expanded the line of model rockets including general rockets, payload, and pyramid rockets. Sunward Aerospace also produces a line of wood kits which include a trebuchet, a catapult, a ballista and an elastic powered racer.
The company introduced additions to the line of model rockets in April 2007 and also added a paper telescope kit for the school market.
In July 2013, the company expanded Canadian operations by opening a retail hobby store in Toronto serving the Canadian market.
# Kuamoʻo Moʻokini

Kuamoʻo Moʻokini (ca. 1100–1200) was a priest who made Hawaii's first heiau, Mo'okini Heiau, in the Big Island of Hawaii, United States, as a person who actually existed or was only in the legend.

## Oral Tradition

According to the oral tradition of genealogy of the kahuna (priest) at Moʻokini Heiau, located in the northwestern corner of the Island of Hawaii, this heiau was established by Kuamoʻo Moʻokini in the year 480. "Kuamo'o" in Hawaiian means "spine" or "road", "Mo'o" "genealogy", and "Kini" "many"; therefore "Mo'okini" may mean "Long genealogy". He was not from the Marquesas Islands, like many others who immigrated to Hawaii at that time, but is said to be from the Persian Gulf of Middle East.
Later the people from the Society Islands (such as Tahiti) migrated to Hawaii. Among them was Pa'ao who brought the religion of Polynesia and perfected it as the Hawaiian religion, including the custom of Luakini. He used Mo'okini Heiau as his heiau for Kū, the symbol of male and god of war, and rebuilt its stone walls.

## Mo'okini's Heritage

Kamehameha the Great was born near Moʻokini Heiau in 1785. His birthplace is marked by a stone surrounded by the stone walls, next to this heiau. Together with the smaller heiaus, Mahukona Heiau and Kukuipahu Heiau, Moʻokini Heiau was registered in the National Register of Historic Places in 1962, and was made Kohala Historical Sites State Monument in 1966. Entrance to the sacred place used to be limited to the Ali'i only, but this limitation was lifted in 1978 by the current kahuna.
# Kouji Okada

Kouji "Cozy" Okada (岡田耕始, Okada Kōji) (born February 22, 1964) is a Japanese video game producer and director. Beginning his career in the early 1980s with stints at Universal Technos and Tecmo, Okada went on to become one of the founders of Atlus in 1986, as well as co-creating the Megami Tensei and Persona series of role-playing games. After leaving Atlus in 2003, Okada formed the studio Gaia, which he led until its dissolution in 2010.

## Works

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1987 | Labyrinth | Game designer |
| 1987 | Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei | Director |
| 1990 | Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei II | Director |
| 1991 | Quiz Marugoto The World | Quiz creation support |
| 1992 | Shin Megami Tensei | Programmer |
| 1994 | Shin Megami Tensei II | Director |
| 1994 | Shin Megami Tensei if... | Director |
| 1995 | Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner | Director |
| 1996 | Revelations: Persona | Director |
| 1997 | Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers | Director |
| 1998 | Kartia: The Word of Fate | Producer |
| 1999 | Persona 2: Innocent Sin | Producer |
| 1999 | Maken X | Producer |
| 2000 | Persona 2: Eternal Punishment | Producer |
| 2001 | Wizardry: Tale of the Forsaken Land | Executive producer |
| 2002 | Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Children – Light Book and Dark Book | Producer |
| 2002 | Shin Megami Tensei: Nine | Producer |
| 2003 | Shin Megami Tensei III: Nocturne | Producer |
| 2004 | Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga | Executive producer |
| 2006 | Monster Kingdom: Jewel Summoner | Producer |
| 2007 | Folklore | Creative producer |
| 2008 | Coded Soul: Uketsugareshi Idea | Producer |
# Karen L. Carr

Karen Leslie Carr is an American scholar and McNaughton Rosebush Professor of Liberal Studies and Professor of Religious Studies at Lawrence University. She is known for her works on nihilism and philosophy of religion.
# Karayayla, Tarsus

Karayayla is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 205 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the northeast of Tarsus and the junction of the motor ways O.21 and O.52. The village is slightly elevated with respect to the plains. Its distance to Tarsus is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 40 kilometres (25 mi). The main economic activity of the village is agriculture. Grapes are the major crop of the village.
# Kronebreen

Kronebreen is a tidewater glacier located at the western side of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is one of the largest glaciers on Svalbard, draining about 690 square kilometers. The glacier moves with an average speed of two meters per day.
Kronebreen merges with Kongsvegen glacier close to the terminus, and the two glaciers reach the ocean in Kongsfjorden.
# Krone (mountain)

Krone (3,187 m) is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. It lies south of the Fluchthorn, on the range between the Jamtal (Tyrol) and the Val Fenga (Graubünden). 1 km in southeast from Krone stands the "Breite Krone" = Coruna Lada (3079 m). The Kronenjoch (2974 m) is a saddle between Jamtal/Futschöltal and Val Fenga in the south of the Krone.
# Marcel Cupák

Marcel Cupák (born 19 December 1973) is a Czech footballer who played as a forward. He played 199 matches in the Czech First League between 1993 and 2003. He also spent time at the second level of Czech football with České Budějovice in the spring of 1999. During his time at Drnovice, he played in the UEFA Cup in matches against 1860 Munich. Following his professional career, he played non-league football for TJ Sokol Křoví.
# Karanmau

Karanmau is a village in Dalmau block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 11 km from Dalmau, the block headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 304 people, in 52 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Karanmau as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 148 people (77 male and 71 female), in 32 households and 30 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 160 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Karanmau as having a population of 220 people, in 59 households, and having an area of 59.89 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.
# Thomas Henshaw

Thomas Henshaw may refer to:
* Thomas Henshaw (alchemist) (1618–1700), English lawyer, courtier, diplomat and scientific writer
* Thomas Henshaw (bishop) (1873–1938), Bishop of Salford
* Thomas Henshaw (benefactor) (1731–1810), English hatter and school benefactor
# Elaphrolaelaps sternalis

Elaphrolaelaps sternalis is a species of mite in the family Pachylaelapidae.