OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gotthard

Gotthard or Saint Gotthard (Italian: San Gottardo) may refer to:

## People

* Gotthard of Hildesheim (960–1038), Roman Catholic saint
* Gotthard Heinrici (1886–1971), German General
* Uziel Gal, who grew up as Gotthard Glas

## Places

* Saint-Gotthard Massif, a mountain range in Switzerland
* Gotthard nappe, the geological structure underneath the Saint-Gotthard Massif
* Gotthard Pass, a mountain pass between Airolo (Ticino) and Andermatt (Uri) in Switzerland
* Tunnels underneath Gotthard Pass:
** Gotthard Rail Tunnel (1882)
** Gotthard Road Tunnel (1980)
** Gotthard Base Tunnel (2016, part of the NRLA)
* Gotthard railway line, a trans-alpine railway line in Switzerland
* Sankt Gotthard im Mühlviertel, a village in Upper Austria
* Szentgotthárd, a town in Western Hungary

## Other uses

* Gotthard (band), a Swiss hard rock band
* Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664), a battle in the Austro-Turkish War fought near Szentgotthárd
* Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705), a battle in Rákóczi's War for Independence fought near Szentgotthárd
* Gotthard (album)
# Muxerath

Muxerath is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Museum Conservation Institute

The Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute (MCI) aims to be the center for specialized conservation and technical collection research for all of the Smithsonian museums and collections. MCI's staff combine state-of-the-art instrumentation and scientific techniques with the knowledge of materials and the history of technology to provide technical research studies and interpretation of art, as well as historical and anthropological objects, to improve the conservation and collections storage capabilities at the Smithsonian. For the majority of the Smithsonian collections, MCI is the only Smithsonian resource for technical studies and analyses.

## History

The Smithsonian's Board of Regents established the Conservation Research Laboratory of the United States National Museum in 1963 in response to a growing need to support conservation of the entire Institution's collections.
In 1965 the name of the laboratory was changed to the Conservation Analytical Laboratory (CAL). In 1983, the laboratory moved to the Museum Support Center in Suitland, Maryland. Congress mandated a national conservation training program among other wider responsibilities including an expanded conservation science research program.
The Board of Regents approved a name change to the Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education (SCMRE) in 1998. SCMRE's mission was to serve all museum communities - national and international, and provide professional training and education programs.
In 2006 the Board of Regents approved the name change to the Museum Conservation Institute (MCI).

## Directors

Sanchita Balachandran, 2024-
Jessica S. Johnson, Acting Director, 2023-2024
Robert J. Koestler, 2004-2023
Lambertus van Zelst, 1984–2003
Robert M. Organ, 1967–1983
Charles H. Olin, 1966–1967

## Facilities

MCI's laboratories are equipped with advanced analytical instrumentation, including:
* isotope ratio (or stable isotope) mass spectrometry
* inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
* Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
* Raman spectrometry, including Fourier transform Raman and portable Raman spectroscopy
* gas chromatography
* pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
* optical microscopy
* proteomics
* scanning electron microscopy with X-ray and energy dispersive fluorescence
* X-ray radiography
* ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometry
* structured 3-D color scanning of objects
The Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute and the Institut Photonique d’Analyse Non-destructive Européen des Matériaux Anciens platform at Soleil have formed a partnership to use the power of the third-generation synchrotron to study and preserve the priceless Smithsonian collections.
# William Adam

William Adam may refer to:
* William Adam (died c.1341), French archbishop and missionary
* William Adam (architect) (1689–1748), Scottish architect, mason, and entrepreneur
* William Adam of Blair Adam (1751–1839), Scottish Member of the British Parliament and judge
* William Patrick Adam (1823–1881), British colonial administrator and Liberal politician
* William Adam (minister) (1796–1881), Scottish Baptist minister, missionary, abolitionist
* William Adam (artist) (1846–1931), English landscape artist who worked in California for 33 years
* William Adam (malacologist) (1909–1988), Belgian malacologist
* William Adam (trumpeter) (1917–2013), American trumpeter, and professor emeritus at Indiana University
* William Augustus Adam (1865–1940), British and army officer and Conservative Party politician
* Will Adam (born 1969), Archdeacon of Canterbury
# Government Arts College, Udumalpet

Government Arts College, Udumalpet, is a general degree college located at Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu. The college is affiliated with Bharathiar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Mathematics
* Physics
* Chemistry
* Computer Science
* Botany
* Zoology

### Arts and Commerce

* Tourism
* Tamil
* English
* Economics
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Government Arts College for Men, Krishnagiri

Government Arts College for Men, Krishnagiri, is a general degree college located in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1964. The college is affiliated with Periyar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Zoology
* Microbiology
* Computer Science

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* Urdu
* History
* Economics
* Business Administration
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Government Arts College for Women, Sivaganga

Government Arts College for Women, Sivaganga, is a general degree college located in Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1998. The college is affiliated with Alagappa University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Home Science
* Computer Science

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* Economics
* Business Administration
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Government Arts College for Women, Ramanathapuram

Government Arts College for Women, Ramanathapuram, is a women's general degree college located in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1994. The college is affiliated with Alagappa University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Biochemistry
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Electronics
* Computer Science
* Physics

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* Home Science
* Business Administration
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla

My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla is a book compiled and edited by Ben Johnston detailing the work of Nikola Tesla. The content was largely drawn from a series of articles that Nikola Tesla had written for Electrical Experimenter magazine in 1919, when he was 63 years old. Tesla's personal account is divided into six chapters covering different periods of his life: My Early Life, My First Efforts At Invention, My Later Endeavors, The Discovery of the Rotating Magnetic Field, The Discovery of the Tesla Coil and Transformer, The Magnifying Transmitter, and The Art of Telautomatics.

## Publication history

Tesla's autobiography was first published as a six-part 1919 series in the Electrical Experimenter magazine, in the February – June, and October issues. The series was republished as Moji Pronalasci – My Inventions, Školska Knjiga, Zagreb, 1977, on the occasion of Tesla's 120th anniversary, with side-by-side English and Serbo-Croatian translations by Tomo Bosanac and Vanja Aljinović, Branimira Valić, ed. It is presently available in book form, My Inventions : The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, Hart Brothers, Williston, Vermont, 1982, giovanni Herran. Figures with an 18-page introduction by Ben Johnston. Hugo Gernsback also wrote his own introduction to the series which was published in the January 1919 issue.

## The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla

The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla is the renamed Part One, The Life of Tesla by Tesla. The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla was published by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Publishing, and subsequently became the first online version of Nikola Tesla's Autobiography. It was transcribed by John Rolad Penner in 1994 from a small typed booklet, then photocopied and stapled. The booklet includes no means of contacting the publisher, although the name 'Kolmogorov-Smirnov Publishing' appears after the title page. The only form of date identification is the hand-written purchase date: April 29, 1978. The text was first made available on GEnie in 1995 under the GNU General Public License, and from there, soon began to propagate onto the Internet.
Although it is the first electronic version of Tesla's autobiography available online it contains many significant errors carried over from the original photocopied text. Online Internet scrutiny has subsequently revealed numerous omissions and additions that did not appear in the original serial text published in Electrical Experimenter magazine.
The original six-part series published in Electrical Experimenter Magazine in 1919 has been republished in book form as: My Inventions, The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla (Hart Brothers, Williston, 1983). A nearly unabridged version of My Inventions in various file formats is also freely available in electronic form at www.tfcbooks.com/special/mi_link.htm. It supersedes the earlier corrupted text.
# Tvorovice

Tvorovice is a municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Tvorovice lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Prostějov, 25 km (16 mi) south of Olomouc, and 217 km (135 mi) east of Prague.
# Katwoude

Katwoude is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies on the coast of the IJsselmeer, about 2 km north of Monnickendam.
The village was first mentioned in 1310 as "lant van Kattwoude". Even though there is a cat in the shield dating from 1566, it is not related to the animal. The name of the village refers to a swamp forest (-woude) that grew on kattige soil. This refers to the poor, lumpy peat soil around Katwoude.
Katwoude was home to 182 people in 1840. It used to be a separate municipality between 1817 and 1991, when it became part of Waterland. Katwoude used to share a mayor with Monnickendam.
The hamlet Zedde is part of Katwoude.

## Gallery

* Polder windmill
* Farm in Katwoude
* Monnickendam seen from Katwoude
* Jacobshoeve cheese factory
# Erin Rush

Erin Rush (born 15 January 1970) is a former New Zealand rugby union player.

## Rugby career

Rush played club rugby for Wellington Axemen, she also spent four seasons with Old Boys University and played more than 50 games. She played over 100 games for Wellington.
She was part of the Black Ferns team that played a World XV's side in Auckland and Whangārei in 2003.

### Administration career

She served as Chair of the Centurions Rugby Club. She was also a Citing commissioner for New Zealand Rugby and World Rugby.

## Personal life

Rush and her husband, Nigel Solomon, have two children and run a Harcourts real estate business. Her son, Stanley Solomon, represented New Zealand in the 2024 U20 Rugby Championship.
Her brother, Sean Rush, was a Wellington City councillor.
# Tønsberg Gressbane

Tønsberg Gressbane is a football stadium in Tønsberg, Norway. It is the home ground of FK Tønsberg and Tønsberg FK. It was the home ground of Eik-Tønsberg until 2001, when FK Tønsberg was formed.
# Uncial 0238

Uncial 0238 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek-Coptic uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 8th century.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John 7:10-12, on one parchment leaf (9.5 cm by 7 cm). Written in one column per page, 10 lines per page, in uncial letters.
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 8th century.
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1954.

## Text

The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.
It was published by Walter C. Till in 1939.

## Location

Currently the codex is housed at the Austrian National Library (Pap. K. 8668) in Vienna.
# Uluköy Dam

Uluköy Dam is a dam in Amasya Province, Turkey, built between 1977 and 1983. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works.
# Pachythrix hampsoni

Pachythrix hampsoni is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from north-eastern Queensland to central New South Wales.
The wingspan is about 30 mm.
# Pachyticon

Pachyticon is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Pachyticon brunneum, found in South Africa.
# Piedras River (Utuado, Puerto Rico)

The Piedras River (Spanish: Río Piedras) is a river of Puerto Rico in the municipality of Utuado. This is one of many rivers with this name in Puerto Rico.
# Tom Moran (journalist)

Tom Moran is an American journalist. He is the editor of the Star-Ledger editorial page.
# Union Bank of Cameroon

Union Bank of Cameroon Plc. (UBC), is a commercial bank in Cameroon. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Central Bank of Central African States, the national banking regulator.

## History

UBC was established in 1999 by a network of credit unions in Cameroon to provide retail banking services to individuals and businesses. In 2008, Oceanic Bank, a regional banking conglomerate based in Lagos, Nigeria, acquired majority shareholding in UBC, becoming the core investor.
# Pinacoteca Civica di Forlì

The Pinacoteca Civica of Forlì, one of the civic museums of Forlì and currently based in the Musei di San Domenico, is an Italian art gallery. Artists whose work the gallery exhibits include:
* Livio Agresti
* Clemente Alberi
* Beato Angelico
* Nicola Bertucci
* Guido Cagnacci - the museum recently acquired (2005) his work "Allegoria dell'Astrologia sferica"
* Antonio Canova
* Baldassarre Carrari
* Giovanni Crivelli
* Domenichino
* Giovanni Fattori
* Guercino
* Lorenzo di Credi
* Carlo Magini
* Girolamo Marchesi
* Melozzo da Forlì(?)
* Francesco Menzocchi
* Livio Modigliani
* Giorgio Morandi
* Marco Palmezzano
* Adolfo Wildt
It contains the Verzocchi collection of 20th-century Italian painting.

## Note

* ↑ Immagine dell'opera di Cagnacci sul sito RomagnaAntiquariato.it.
# Pierre Sanoussi-Bliss

Pierre Sanoussi-Bliss (born 17 August 1962, Berlin-Mitte) is a German actor and director. He has appeared in television and films for over 20 years. He played a leading role in Doris Dörrie's 1994 film, Nobody Loves Me. He also plays a leading role in the comedy series Alles wird gut.
His most famous role is likely that of Axel Richter in the detective series The Old Fox from 1997. He has also directed Return to Go! [de] (2000), for which he was nominated for an award in the International Filmfest Emden. The film premiered at the 2000 Berlin International Film Festival, was shown at over 60 international film festivals and is available on DVD. Sanoussi-Bliss made a famous speech as the only representative of the media at the 2006 international summit at the German Chancellery.
Sanoussi-Bliss has done voice work in audiobooks, such as Salve Roma! by Akif Pirinçci and Was machen wir jetzt? by Doris Dörrie. He works as an honorary ambassador at the Children's Hospice in Mitteldeutschland Nordhausen in Tambach-Dietharz.

## Personal life

Sanoussi-Bliss was educated in the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst "Ernst Busch"). His life partner since 2002, Till Kaposty-Bliss, is a graphic designer. The couple lives in Berlin. He is 182 centimetres (5.97 ft) tall. He is of Guinean descent.

## Nominations

Emden Film Award (2000)

## Selected filmography

* 1989: Verflixtes Mißgeschick!
* 1989: Coming Out
* 1993: Zirri - Das Wolkenschaf
* 1994: Nobody Loves Me
* 1996: The Superwife
* 1998: Am I Beautiful?
* 2000: Return to Go! [de]- Sam
* 2002: Angst isst Seele auf
* 2010: The Hairdresser
# Pierre Sandwidi

Pierre Sandwidi (1947 – 1998) was a Burkinabé singer, songwriter and guitarist. Nicknamed "the troubadour from the bush", he was born in the village of Boulsa in Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso). Sandwidi is considered a pioneer of the Voltaic sound and his songs served as cult anthems for the country's cultural and political movements. He was an active member of trade unions and the African Independence Party. Sandwidi served as an opponent of Upper Voltan president Sangoulé Lamizana and criticized the corrupted administration of Ouagadougou. Sandwidi's music is classified as early electro-funk and Afro-pop.
Sandwidi attended the Zinda Kaboré High School in Ouagadougou during the early 1960s. His early material was performed live on national radio in a method preferred by Voltaic musicians over single releases. In 1971, Sandwidi won a national competition for modern singers. He joined the National Ballet of Upper Volta as a guitarist and toured Niger, Ivory Coast, Benin and Canada.
Sandwidi recorded his first songs on the Disques Paysans Noirs imprint. His musical output increased in the mid-1970s: he recorded two singles for Compagnie Voltaïque du Disque in 1975 and released three more with L’Harmonie Voltaïque as a backing band in 1976. "Tond yabramba" (1976), a recount of Voltaic history, received frequent radio airplay while "Yamb ney capitale" (1977), a protest song against ailing morality and the rise of individualism in Ouagadougou, sold 3,000 copies as a rare achievement in Upper Volta. Sandwidi recorded his first full-length album in 1979.
Sandwidi served as a militant of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution under the rule of President Thomas Sankara from 1983 to 1987 and took part in the cultural invigoration of his neighborhood. Sandwidi distanced himself from politics after the death of Sankara in 1987 but still focused on writing new songs; his final release was in 1995. Sandwidi died in 1998 after being of fragile health.

## Discography

Studio albums
* 1984: Le Troubadour De La Savane
Compilation albums
* 2018: Le Troubadour De La Savane 1976–1980
# Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet

Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet (13 December 1838 – 15 December 1902) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Montmirey-la-Ville.
He was a student at the Universities of Heidelberg and Freiberg, and later became a professor of botany at the Universities of Strasbourg (1869), Nancy (1872), and Bordeaux (1876). Millardet is chiefly remembered for his work dealing with plant pests. In the 1860s the vineyards of France were infested by the destructive Phylloxera, an aphid-like pest inadvertently introduced to Europe from the United States. Millardet and fellow botanist Jules Émile Planchon (1823-1888) controlled the infestation by using American grape vines that were resistant to Phylloxera as grafting stock. American horticulturalist, T.V. Munson, was instrumental in identifying and provisioning the American rootstock that was resistant to Phylloxera and suitable for French growing conditions.
He was also responsible for protecting grape vineyards from downy mildew fungus (Plasmopara viticola). He accomplished this feat by implementing a fungicide consisting of hydrated lime, copper sulfate and water, a mixture that was to become known as the "Bordeaux mixture". It was the first fungicide to be used worldwide and is still used today.

## Writings

* Monographie sur la croissance de la vigne et la technique d'hybridation artificielle. - Monograph on vine growth and artificial hybridization technique.
* Un porte-greffe pour les terrains crayeux et marneux les plus chlorosant. - Rootstock for chalky terrain and marl for chlorosis.
* Notes sur les vignes américaines et opuscules divers sur le même sujet. - Notes on American vines and various pamphlets on the same subject.
* Pourridié et Phylloxéra. Etude comparative de ces deux maladies de la vigne, 1882 - Phylloxera and rot. Comparative study of these two diseases of the vine.
* Histoire des principales variétés et espèces de vignes d'origine américaine qui résistent au phylloxera, (1885) - History of the main varieties and species of American grapes that are resistant to phylloxera.

## Sources

* This article is based on a translation of equivalent articles from the French and German Wikipedia.
* Dixon, Bernard (Sep 2004). "Pushing Bordeaux mixture". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 4 (9). United States: 594. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01136-3. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 15336227.
* ↑ (France), Académie des Sciences (1894). "Tableaux des prix décernés". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Vol. 117. p. 1007. (The French Academy awarded the 1893 prizes on 18 December 1893.)
* ↑ "Science Prizes". American Naturalist. Vol. 28. U. of Chicago Press. 1894. p. 290.
* ↑ International Plant Names Index. Millardet.