OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1949 Thomas Cup qualification

The qualifying process for the 1949 Thomas Cup took place from 3 November 1948 to 21 January 1949 to decide the final teams which will play in the final tournament.

## Qualification process

The qualification process is divided into three regions, the Pacific Zone, the American Zone and the European Zone. Teams in their respective zone will compete in a knockout format. Teams will compete for two days, with two singles and doubles played on the first day and three singles and two doubles played on the next day. The teams that win their respective zone will earn a place in the final tournament to be held in Preston, Lancashire, England.
Since Australia and New Zealand did not enter their region of qualification, Malaya automatically qualified for the final tournament. The other teams that declined their participation from the qualification rounds are Belgium, Mexico and Norway.

### Qualified teams

| Country | Qualified as | Qualified on | Final appearance |
| Malaya | Sole representative of the Pacific Zone | 3 November 1948 | 1st |
| United States | American Zone winners | 13 December 1948 | 1st |
| Denmark | European Zone winners | 21 January 1949 | 1st |

## American Zone
### Bracket

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| 5 December 1948 – Toronto | 5 December 1948 – Toronto |
| Canada | 7 |
| Canada | 7 | 13 December 1948 – Pasadena | 13 December 1948 – Pasadena |
| India | 2 | 13 December 1948 – Pasadena | 13 December 1948 – Pasadena |
| India | 2 | Canada | 1 |
| | | United States | 8 |
| Bye | | United States | 8 |
| United States | | | |

### Final
## European Zone
### Bracket

| First round | First round | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | Final | Final |
| France | | | | |
| France | | 5 January 1949 – Ilford | 5 January 1949 – Ilford | | |
| Bye | | 5 January 1949 – Ilford | 5 January 1949 – Ilford | |
| Bye | | France | 0 | |
| 4 December 1948 – Leicester | 4 December 1948 – Leicester | | France | 0 | |
| 4 December 1948 – Leicester | 4 December 1948 – Leicester | England | 9 | |
| Scotland | 1 | England | 9 | |
| Scotland | 1 | | | | 21 January 1949 – Copenhagen | 21 January 1949 – Copenhagen |
| England | 8 | | | | 21 January 1949 – Copenhagen | 21 January 1949 – Copenhagen |
| England | 8 | | | | England | 0 |
| 3 November 1948 – Copenhagen | 3 November 1948 – Copenhagen | | | | | England | 0 |
| 3 November 1948 – Copenhagen | 3 November 1948 – Copenhagen | | | | Denmark | 9 |
| Denmark | 9 | | | | Denmark | 9 |
| Denmark | 9 | 8 December 1948 – Copenhagen | 8 December 1948 – Copenhagen | | | |
| Ireland | 0 | 8 December 1948 – Copenhagen | 8 December 1948 – Copenhagen | | | |
| Ireland | 0 | Denmark | 9 | | | |
| | | Sweden | 0 | |
| Sweden | | Sweden | 0 | |
| Bye | | | | |
# List of presidents of Clark Atlanta University

The following is a list of presidents of Clark Atlanta University, and a list of the presidents of the precursor schools of Atlanta University and Clark College which merged in 1989.

## Atlanta University

* Edmund Asa Ware, 1869 to 1885
* Thomas S. Chase, 1885 to 1886 (acting)
* Horace Bumstead, 1886 to 1887 (acting)
* Cyrus W. Vance, 1887 to 1888 (acting)
* Horace Bumstead, 1888 to 1907
* Edward Twichell Ware, 1907 to 1922
* Myron Winslow Adams, 1922 to 1923 (acting)
* Myron Winslow Adams, 1923 to 1929
* John Hope, 1929 to 1936
* Florence M. Read, 1936 to 1937
* Rufus Early Clement, 1937 to 1967
* Thomas D. Jarrett, 1968 to 1969 (acting)
* Thomas D. Jarrett, 1969 to 1977
* Cleveland L. Dennard, 1977 to 1983
* Kofi B. Bota, 1983 to 1984 (acting)
* Luther S. Williams, 1984 to 1987
* Dorcas D. Bowles, 1987 to 1988 (acting)
* Thomas W. Cole, Jr., 1988 to 1989

## Clark College

* D.W. Hammond, 1869 to 1870
* Uriah Cleary, 1870 to 1871
* I. Marcy, 1871 to 1872
* J.B. Martin, 1876 to 1877
* R.E. Bisbee, 1877 to 1881
* E.D. Thayer, 1881 to 1890
* William H. Hickman, 1890 to 1893
* David C. John, 1893 to 1896
* Wilbur P. Thirkield, 1896 to 1897 (acting)
* Charles M. Melden, 1897 to 1903
* William H. Crogman, 1903 to 1910
* G.E. Idleman, 1910 to 1912
* William W. Foster, 1912 to 1915
* Harry A. King, 1915 to 1923
* John W. Simmons, 1923 to 1924
* Matthew Simpson Davage, 1924 to 1940
* James P. Brawley, 1940 to 1941 (acting)
* James P. Brawley, 1941 to 1965
* Vivian H. Henderson, 1965 to 1976
* Charles Knight, 1976 to 1977 (acting)
* Elias Blake, Jr., 1977 to 1987
* Winifred Harris, 1987 to 1988 (acting)
* Thomas W. Cole, Jr., 1988 to 1989

## Clark Atlanta University

* Thomas W. Cole, Jr., 1988 to 2002
* Walter D. Broadnax, 2002 to 2008
* Carlton E. Brown, 2008 to 2015
* Ronald A. Johnson, 2015 to 2018
* Lucille H. Maugé, 2018 to 2019 (acting)
* George T. French Jr., 2019 to present
# Elisabeth Rotten

Elisabeth Friederike Rotten (15 February 1882, Berlin - 2 May 1964) was a Quaker peace activist and educational progressive.

## Life

As daughter to the Swiss couple Moritz and Luise Rotten, she attended the "höhere Mädchenschule Luisenschule" during 1888-1898, later studying at the Victoria-Lyzeum Berlin from 1904. In September 1906 she took the Reifeprüfung at the Kaiserin Augusta-Gymnasium Charlottenburg. She graduated in her studies in philosophy and German language and literature in Heidelberg, Berlin, Marburg and Montpellier. In Marburg she met with Hermann Lietz and Gustav Wyneken, which was vital to the future development of her thinking. In 1913 she published her PhD thesis under the title "Goethes Urphänomen und die platonische Idee" (Goethe's "Urphänomen" and the Platonic ideal) in Marburg.
In 1913 she began lecturing at the University of Cambridge on German literature. In 1914 she returned to Berlin and worked in the "Auskunfts- und Hilfsstelle für Deutsche im Ausland und Ausländer in Deutschland" with professor Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze. In the same year she co-founded the "Bund Neues Vaterland", later the "German League for Human Rights". In 1915 she travelled as a representative to the 1st International Women's Congress in The Hague and worked for the foundation of the "Internationalen Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit" (International Women's League for Peace and Freedom").
In 1922, together with Beatrice Ensor and Adolphe Ferrière she founded the New Education Fellowship, becoming its vice-chair for German-speaking countries and editor of its German-language journal, which eventually came to be called Das Werdende Zeitalter. From 1922 she was associated with the school farm, Schulfarm Insel Scharfenberg, begun by Wilhelm Blume in Berlin and was a frequent visitor to the Odenwaldschule founded in 1910 by the educational reformer Paul Geheeb.
In 1925, Rotten and Adolphe Ferrière became the first deputy directors of the International Bureau of Education (IBE), where they provided support to director Pierre Bovet.
She was also a friend of the anarchist, Gustav Landauer, who was Minister of Culture in the short-lived Munich Soviet (or “Council Republic”) of 1919 before being murdered after it was violently suppressed. From 1926 until 1932, Rotten shared the editorship of the journal Das Werdende Zeitalter with Karl Wilker, an exponent of social pedagogy who transformed the Lindenhof in Berlin. The title of this journal was inspired by that given to a collection of essays by Landauer, which his friend, the philosopher Martin Buber, published in 1921. In 1930, Rotten co-founded a school at Hellerau just outside Dresden, where a garden city was established shortly after 1900 as part of a reform movement advocating modern housing.
# Marmara phaneropis

Marmara phaneropis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ecuador.
# Kyoto Shimbun

Kyoto Shimbun (京都新聞, Kyōto Shinbun) is a daily newspaper published in Kyoto, Japan, and the company publishing that newspapers is also called The Kyoto Shimbun (株式会社京都新聞社, Kabushiki-gaisha Kyōto Shinbunsha). Kyoto Shimbun has two headquarters in Kyoto and Ōtsu, and three branch offices in Kumiyama, Tokyo and Osaka.
# Kazuo Komizu

Kazuo Komizu (小水 一男, Komizu Kazuo, born December 14, 1946) is a Japanese film director from Miyagi Prefecture, mainly focusing on violent sex and gore films.

## Biography

He has a small following outside Japan thanks to a couple of notorious films:Entrails of a Beauty and Entrails of a Virgin. This type of film (low budget, yet high production values and shot on video), helped usher in a new era of extreme Asia movies. Komizu was the creator of the Japanese cult zombie film Battle Girl: The Living Dead in Tokyo Bay which was screened in 1991.
His nickname, "Gaira", apparently comes from a Japanese monster in the film War of the Gargantuas (フランケンシュタインの怪獣 サンダ対ガイラ, Furankenshutain no kaijū: Sanda tai Gaira) (1966).

## Filmography

* Seiyugi (1968)
* Go, Go Second Time Virgin (1969) (writing)
* Seizoku (1970)
* Sailor-fuku shikijo shiiku (1982)
* Hako no naka no onna: shojo ikenie (1985)
* Bijo no harawata (1986)
* Shojo no harawata (1986)
* Ryôjoku mesu ichiba – kankin (1986)
* Guzoo The Thing Forsaken By God Part I (1986)
* Gômon kifujin (1987)
* Hoshi tsugu mono (1990)
* Batoru garu (1992)
* XX: utsukushiki kyôki (1993)
* Gokudo no ane Reiko (1995)
# '77

'77 may refer to the year 1977. It may also refer to:
* Talking Heads: 77, a 1977 Talking Heads studio album
* '77 (film), a 2007 comedy film also known as 5-25-77
# MAP4K5

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K5 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, that is highly similar to yeast SPS1/STE20 kinase. Yeast SPS1/STE20 functions near the beginning of the MAP kinase signal cascades that is essential for yeast pheromone response. This kinase was shown to activate Jun kinase in mammalian cells, which suggested a role in stress response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.

## Interactions

MAP4K5 has been shown to interact with CRKL and TRAF2.
# Pezotettiginae

Pezotettiginae is a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, found in southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Mediterranean region. There are about 10 described species in Pezotettiginae.

## Genera

These genera belong to the subfamily Pezotettiginae:
* Pezotettix Burmeister, 1840
* Sphenophyma Uvarov, 1934 - monotypic S. rugulosa (Stål, 1876)
# 1947 New York Film Critics Circle Awards

13th New York Film Critics Circle Awards
January 19, 1948 (announced December 28, 1947)
Gentleman's Agreement
The 13th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, announced on 19 January 1948, honored the best filmmaking of 1947.

## Winners

* Best Film:
** Gentleman's Agreement
* Best Actor:
** William Powell - Life with Father and The Senator Was Indiscreet
* Best Actress:
** Deborah Kerr - Black Narcissus and The Adventuress
* Best Director:
** Elia Kazan - Gentleman's Agreement
* Best Foreign Language Film:
** To Live in Peace (Vivere in pace) • Italy
# Otruševec

Otruševec is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 303 people.
# Lunds

Lunds may refer to:

## Places

* Lunds, North Yorkshire, England, a hamlet
* Lunds, Wisconsin, United States, an unincorporated community

## Other uses

* Lunds ASK, a Premier League chess club in Lund, Sweden
* Lunds BK, a football club in Lund, Sweden
* Lunds Boxningssällskap, a boxing club in Lund, Sweden
* Lunds Nation, one of 13 student nations of Lund University
# Tatukua

Tatukua is a 2017 novel by Paraguayan writer Arnaldo Casco Villalba. It was written in Guarani language and seeks to recover old countryside traditions. This novel is considered part of a national movement for the revival of the language.
# Lady Willpower

"Lady Willpower" is a song written by Jerry Fuller and recorded by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap for their 1968 album Incredible. The single was awarded a million-selling Gold disc from the RIAA.

## Chart performance

In the U.S., the song ranked among Cashbox's Top 100 singles of 1968, where it hit the No. 1 position the week ending August 3, 1968. "Lady Willpower" went No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1968 (behind "Grazing in the Grass" by Hugh Masekela). and reached No. 26 on the Easy Listening chart. The song was the No. 34 song on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles in 1968. Outside the US, "Lady Willpower" reached No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart during the year. "Lady Willpower" also peaked at #4 on the Kent Music Report (KMR) Chart in Australia, spending 16 weeks on the KMR Top-100 after entering the chart on the 22nd June 1968.

## Other versions

Morrissey recorded his version of the song and included it on his 2019 album, California Son.
# Maria Wittek

Maria Wittek (noms de guerre "Mira", "Pani Maria"; 16 August 1899 – 19 April 1997) was a Polish military leader who served in the Polish Army and associated organizations from age 18 and, following retirement, in 1991 became the first Polish woman to be promoted to brigadier-general.

## Early service

Maria Wittek was born and grew up in the Russian partition of Poland. Her father, Stanisław Wittek, a carpenter, was a member of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and moved with his family to Ukraine in 1915 to avoid being arrested by the Russian authorities. Maria while in high school joined the Polish scout troop in Kiev. She then became the first female student in the mathematics department of Kiev University. At the same time she joined the clandestine Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (Polish Military Organization) - and completed the NCO training course. In 1919 she joined the Polish army group that was fighting the Bolsheviks in Ukraine. Then in 1920 as a member of the Women's Volunteers she fought in the battle for Lwów (now Lviv) and was awarded the highest Polish medal Virtuti Militari for the first time.

## Between the wars

From 1928 to 1934 she was the commander of the Przysposobienie Wojskowe Kobiet - an organization training women for military service. In 1935 she was appointed the head of the women's division at the Institute of Physical Education and Military Training in Bielany, near Warsaw.

## In World War II

During the Invasion of Poland (1939) she was the commanding officer of the Women's Military Assistance Battalions. In October 1939 she joined the underground ZWZ which later became the Home Army. She was head of Women's Army Services on the staff of gen. Grot-Rowecki and later gen. Bor-Komorowski. She fought in the Warsaw Uprising and was promoted lieutenant colonel. After the capitulation she avoided being taken prisoner by the Germans and left the ruins of Warsaw among the civilians. She continued in her staff position of the Home Army until its dissolution in January 1945.

## After the war

When the communist government of Poland reopened the Institute of Physical Education and Military Training, she initially returned to her previous position as head of the women's division. However, in 1949 she was arrested by the communist authorities and spent several months in prison. After her release she worked in a newspaper kiosk. She initiated the establishment of the "Commission for the History of Women". After the collapse of communist rule in Poland, President Lech Wałęsa appointed her brigadier general on May 2, 1991. Thus she became the first Polish woman to attain the rank of general. She never married.
On 19 April 2007, the 10th anniversary of her death, a life-size bronze monument of her was unveiled at the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw.

## Awards

* Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari, - twice
* Cross of Independence with Swords, (Krzyż Niepodległości)
* Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych)
* Warsaw Cross of the Uprising
# MKEK-1

The MKEK-1 Gözcü (Turkish - "Observer") was a projected aircraft that was to have provided the Turkish Army with a domestically designed and produced airborne observation post for artillery spotting and general liaison duties. It was the first aircraft design undertaken by MKEK following its acquisition of THK's manufacturing facilities in 1952.
However, the wide availability of the Piper Cub and Super Cub led to the Army's selection of that aircraft instead, and work on the MKEK-1 was abandoned.
# Shuen Wan (constituency)

Shuen Wan (Chinese: 船灣) is one of the 19 constituencies in the Tai Po District of Hong Kong.
The constituency returns one district councillor to the Tai Po District Council, with an election every four years.
Shuen Wan constituency has an estimated population of 20,409.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1982 | Chan Kwun-yau | Nonpartisan |
| 1997 by-election | Chan Mei-tak | DAB |
| 2003 | Lo Sam-shing | Nonpartisan |
| 2011 | Lau Chee-shing | Independent |
| 2019 | So Tat-leung→Vacant | Nonpartisan |

## Election results
### 2010s

Tai Po District Council Election, 2019: Shuen Wan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | So Tat-leung | 3,583 | 50.99 |
| | Independent | Lau Chee-sing | 3,444 | 49.01 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 139 | 1.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,053 | 69.62 |
| | Nonpartisan gain from Independent | Nonpartisan gain from Independent | Swing | |
# Julian Boyd

Julian Boyd may refer to:
* Julian P. Boyd (1903–1980), American professor of history at Princeton University and first editor of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
* Julian C. Boyd (1931–2005), American linguist, professor at the University of California, Berkeley
* Julian Boyd (basketball) (born 1990), American professional basketball player
# Lurline Wailana McGregor

Lurline Wailana McGregor is a writer, filmmaker, administrator and paddler from Hawaii.
McGregor's ancestors were Hawaiian, Chinese, and Scottish. She was named after the ocean liner Lurline, where her parents first met.
In 1986 McGregor joined the staff of Senator Daniel Inouye where she focused on Native American issues.
McGregor has been active in sailing and paddling since the 1990s. She filmed a documentary about her journey aboard the Hōkūleʻa, a double hulled voyaging canoe. The 58 minute film was shown at the 2001 Newport Beach Film Festival.
Later she was CEO and president of 'Ōlelo Community Television, a non-profit access-provider in O'ahu, where she helped establish NATV 53, a channel for native Hawaiian content.
In 2008 she authored Between the Deep Blue Sea and Me. The hopeful novel was inspired by the New Zealand film Whale Rider and tells of a Hawaiian-born anthropologist forced to choose between her career on the mainland and her ancestral responsibilities. It deals with themes of activism, politics, and the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Despite the adult protagonist, the novel appeals to young adult readers and won the 2010 American Indian Youth Literature Award for Best Young Adult Book.
# Marijuana Party candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election

The Marijuana Party fielded eight candidates in the 2008 federal election :
* Moffat, Michael (Radical Marijuana) - Saint John
* Longley, Blair T. (Radical Marijuana) - Hochelaga
* Parker, Terry (Radical Marijuana) - Parkdale—High Park
* Akpata, John Andrew (Radical Marijuana) - Ottawa Centre
* Klevering, Kornelis (Radical Marijuana) - Guelph
* Rathwell, Ernest Oliver (Radical Marijuana) - Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington
* Carrière, Denis Andrew (Radical Marijuana) - Thunder Bay—Superior North
* Felger, Tim (Radical Marijuana) - Abbotsford
The results were as follows:
* 8 Candidates; 2,319 total votes.
* Average votes: 0.59% per Candidate.
* Of total vote: 0.017% of national votes.
# Maria (daughter of Maurice)

Maria (Greek: Μαρία) or Maryam was, according to the 12th-century chronicle of Michael the Syrian, a daughter of the Byzantine emperor Maurice, and wife of the Sassanid Persian shah Khosrau II.

## Historicity

Shirin. Christian - Queen - Myth of Love. A woman of late antiquity - Historical reality and literary effect (2004) by Wilhelm Baum examines the sources concerning Maria and her relation to another consort of Khosrau II, Shirin. The historical setting for a marital alliance between the Justinian Dynasty and the Sassanids would be 590. At the time Khosrau was an exiled prince who sought assistance from Maurice to claim the throne against Bahrām Chobin.
The Shahnameh by Ferdowsi reports Khosrau and Shirin to have married prior to his exile. Sebeos reports Shirin being a native of Khuzestan, while the Chronicle of Edessa reports Shirin to be an Aramean, implying an origin from Asoristan. The Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ by Mīr-Khvānd has Shirin being originally a servant in a house frequented by Khosrau, and introduced to the future monarch there. They are all later accounts and could be influenced by legends.
Maria is notably absent from Byzantine sources. She appears instead in accounts by the Chronicle of Edessa, Dionysius Telmaharensis (as preserved in the Chronicle of 1234), Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria, Ferdowsi, the Chronicle of Seert, Michael the Syrian, Bar-Hebraeus and Mīr-Khvānd. The Chronicle of Seert and Mari ibn Sulaiman are unique in mentioning that Maria was also called "Shirin" and in equating the two figures. Both also feature her as a daughter of Maurice. However, Theophylact Simocatta, the most detailed historical resource on Maurice, never mentions her.
Concerning her age, Baum notes the known facts on Maurice's marriage. Maurice and his wife Constantina were married in August 582. If a legitimate child of Maurice, Maria would be less than eight-years-old in 590. There are nine children of Maurice and Constantina named in primary sources, six sons (Theodosius, Tiberius, Peter, Paul, Justin, Justinian) and three daughters (Anastasia, Theoctiste, Cleopatra).
The Shahnameh features a tale of Maria dying, poisoned by Shirin. Later tales featuring the two as rival queens occur in later texts. In several cases, their struggle is based on trying to elevate different heirs to the throne. Primary sources indicate that Siroe (Kavadh II) was the eldest son of Khosrau and not a son of Shirin. Various accounts have Maria as his mother, with Shirin supporting her own son, Mardanshah.
Baum considers Shirin to be a historic figure, Maria being a figure of legend, perhaps originating with a historical Maria from the Byzantine Empire, one who was a member of Khosrau II's harem but neither a queen, nor an imperial princess.
# Lime Creek, Minnesota

Lime Creek is an unincorporated community in Belfast Township, Murray County, Minnesota, United States. It is located two miles northeast of Fulda.

## History

A post office was established at Lime Creek in 1889, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1971. The community took its name from nearby Lime Creek.
# MIT Ground

Mahakal Institute of Technology Ground or MIT Ground is a multi-purpose stadium in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The ground has floodlights so that the stadium can host day-night matches. It was made considering all norms of BCCI so that Ranji Trophy matches can be played. The stadium was established in 2013 when they hosted a match of MM Jagdale Under-15 Inter Divisional Tournament between Ujjain Under-15s and Bhopal Under-15s.
# Short-toed coucal

The short-toed coucal (Centropus rectunguis) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.