OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Península de Hualpén Nature Sanctuary

Península de Hualpén Nature Sanctuary is a protected area near Concepción in Biobío Region of central Chile. The sanctuary covers the Hualpén Peninsula, which extends into the Pacific Ocean west of the city of Hualpén and north of the mouth of the Biobío River.
In July 2018, a company called Agrícola Agrinama S.A. proposed a residential real-estate project on the peninsula that could house 5,000 people. However, the project faces opposition as it could destroy much of the natural biodiversity of the peninsula.
The peninsula is home to 70 types of birds, 14 of which are endangered. One species of moth, Keiferia dalibori, was discovered here in 2010.
# Península Tijuana

Península is a mixed-use complex in Tijuana set which opened on September 20, 2022 along the Vía Rápida Oriente, the city's main east–west corridor, in the Colonia Chapultepec Alamar neighborhood of La Mesa borough.
The lot area is 6.3 hectares (680,000 sq ft), with a gross leasable area of 275,000 square metres (2,960,000 sq ft). There are 3,400 parking spaces.
The shopping center component has a gross leasable area of 80,000 square metres (860,000 sq ft), with 30% of the space dedicated to food and beverage and entertainment. Anchors include a 21,000 m$^2$ (230,000 sq ft) Liverpool department store, a Suburbia department store, Cinemex multicinemas, Calimax supermarket, and Family Fitness, while larger mall stores include Innovasport, Zara, C&A and H&M. The restaurant zone includes a food hall as well as 4,000 sq.m. of patio space. There is to be a 5 star hotel with around 200 rooms, 2 residential towers with a total of 255 apartments, a hospital, gym, aquatic center, co-working facilities, and a 10,000-square-meter wellness zone. 32°30′47″N 116°58′00″W﻿ / ﻿32.513004°N 116.9666349°W﻿ / 32.513004; -116.9666349
# Tretanorhinus nigroluteus

Tretanorhinus nigroluteus, the orange-bellied swamp snake or orangebelly swamp snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Panama, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Belize, and Costa Rica.
# Penhale Jakes

Penhale Jakes is a hamlet west of Breage, in the civil parish of Breage, in west Cornwall, England, UK.
# Thomas Walsh (trade unionist)

Thomas Walsh J.P. (7 November 1891 – 25 September 1964) was a British trade unionist.
Born in Grangetown, North Yorkshire, Walsh left school at the age of 13 and worked in the steelworks as an errand boy before getting a job in the blastfurnaces. He volunteered to serve in the Connaught Regiment during the First World War.
In 1919, after the war, Walsh returned to the blastfurnaces at Redcar Iron Works and became an active local official and works delegate for the National Union of Blastfurnacemen. In 1929 he became lodge delegate. In 1931 became a member of the Cleveland Wages Committee. He was appointed to the executive in 1936, and in 1939 was appointed District Secretary of the Cleveland and Durham District of the union.
A member of the Grangetown Labour Party, after the Second World War Walsh was elected to the North Regional Labour Party Executive. In 1953 he was elected National President of the union.
Walsh was appointed magistrate in 1944 and appointed Chairman of South Bank Justices in 1962.
# Olympus SP-500 Ultra Zoom

The Olympus SP 500 Ultra Zoom is a 6.0-megapixel compact ultra-zoom digital camera introduced by Olympus Corporation in 2005.
It features a 2.5" LCD display, a 10x zoom lens, and 5x digital zoom in a compact lightweight body. It is designed to satisfy the needs of both hobbyist photographers who desire full control over exposure settings and those that need only point and shoot simplicity.

## Lens

The lens is an Olympus aspherical glass zoom lens 6.3 – 63mm. The 10x zoom is equivalent to 38-380mm in 35mm photography.

## Flash

The camera has a built-in manual pop-up flash.

## Movies

Movies with sound can be recorded, the recording time is dependent on the xD card capacity. They are in QuickTime ( .mov) format.

## Power Source

The camera uses 4 AA batteries, which can be rechargeable. The camera also supports an AC adapter (Olympus adapter only).
# Olympus SP-350

Olympus SP-350 is 8-megapixel compact digital camera. The model was announced by its maker on August 29, 2005.
It has the following specifications:
* Sensor size: 1/1.8 " (7.18 x 5.32 mm)
* CCD Sensor with 8.1 million effective pixels (8.3 million photo detectors)
* Maximum resolution: 3264 x 2488
* Optional resolutions: 2592 x 1944, 2288 x 1712, 2048 x 1536, 1600 x 1200, 1280 x 960, 1024 x 768, 640 x 480
* Image ratio w:h: 4:3 or 3:2
* Color filter array: RGB
* ISO settings : Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400
* Zoom wide: 8mm (38 mm equivalent)
* Zoom telephoto: 24mm (114 mm equivalent ) (3 x)
* Aperture range: F2.8 - F4.9
* 5x Digital zoom
* Auto Focus (TTL) & Manual Focus
* Normal focus range: 20 cm
* Macro focus range: 5 cm
* White balance override: 5 positions
* Min shutter speed: 15 sec + Bulb
* Max shutter speed: 1/2000 sec
* Built-in Flash
* Flash guide no.: 3.8 m (12.4 ft) 8 m
* External flash with hot shoe
* Flash modes: Auto, Red-Eye, Forced, Off, Slow 1&2
* Exposure compensation range: -2 to +2 EV in 1/3 EV steps
* Metering options: ESP multi-pattern, CW Avg, Spot
* Shooting modes: aperture priority, shutter priority, manual, scene modes, movie mode
* Optional adapter available (lens threads)
* Continuous Drive: 2.4/1.4 frame/s for 2/8 images
* Movie clips sizes: 640 x 480 (15 frames per second), 320 x 240 (30 frame/s)
* Self-timer
* Storage types: xD flash media & 32 MB internal / built-in
* Uncompressed format: RAW
* Compressed format: JPEG (Exif 2.2)
* Jpeg quality levels: standard quality (SQ), high quality (HQ) & super high quality (SHQ)
* Optical Viewfinder
* LCD screen size: 2.5 inches diagonally
* LCD resolution: 115,000 pixels
* Battery types: AA (2) batteries or CRV3
* Weight including batteries: 245 g (8.6 oz)
* Dimensions: 100 x 65 x 35 mm (3.9 x 2.6 x 1.4 in)
Olympus released a firmware update that was rumored to address battery life problems. However, battery life is still poor with alkaline batteries, below average with nickel metal halides batteries and good with lithium batteries (CRV3s).
# Thysanodonta

Thysanodonta is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Calliostomatidae.

## Distribution

Species of this marine genus can be found off New Zealand and New Caledonia.

## Species

Species within the genus Thysanodonta include:
* Thysanodonta aucklandica Marshall, 1988
* Thysanodonta boucheti Marshall, 1988
* Thysanodonta cassis Vilvens & Maestrati, 2006
* Thysanodonta chesterfieldensis Marshall, 1995
* Thysanodonta diadema Vilvens & Maestrati, 2006
* Thysanodonta eucosmia Marshall, 1995
* Thysanodonta festiva Marshall, 1995
* Thysanodonta opima Marshall, 1995
* Thysanodonta pileum Vilvens & Maestrati, 2006
* Thysanodonta wairua Marshall, 1988
# Thymosin α1

Thymosin α$_1$ is a peptide fragment derived from prothymosin alpha, a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTMA gene.
It was the first of the peptides from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized. Unlike β thymosins, to which it is genetically and chemically unrelated, thymosin α$_1$ is produced as a 28-amino acid fragment, from a longer, 113-amino acid precursor, prothymosin α.

## Function

Thymosin α$_1$ is believed to be a major component of Thymosin Fraction 5 responsible for the activity of that preparation in restoring immune function in animals lacking thymus glands. It has been found to enhance cell-mediated immunity in humans as well as experimental animals.

## Therapeutic application

As of 2009 Thymosin α$_1$ is approved in 35 under-developed or developing countries for the treatment of Hepatitis B and C, and it is also used to boost the immune response in the treatment of other diseases.

### Clinical studies

Clinical trials suggest it may be useful in cystic fibrosis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, peritonitis, acute cytomegalovirus infection, TB, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and lung infections in critically ill patients., and for chronic hepatitis B.
It has been studied for possible use in treating cancer (e.g. with chemotherapy).
# List of cities in Kōchi Prefecture by population

The following list sorts all cities (including towns) in the Japanese prefecture of Kōchi with a population of more than 5,000 according to the 2020 Census. As of October 1, 2020, 18 places fulfill this criterion and are listed here. This list refers only to the population of individual cities, towns and villages within their defined limits, which does not include other municipalities or suburban areas within urban agglomerations.

## List

The following table lists the 18 cities and towns in Kōchi with a population of at least 5,000 on October 1, 2020, according to the 2020 Census. The table also gives an overview of the evolution of the population since the 1995 census.
| Rank (2020) | Name | Status | 2020 | 2015 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | 1995 |
| 1 | Kōchi | City | 326,814 | 337,190 | 343,393 | 348,990 | 348,979 | 339,864 |
| 2 | Nankoku | City | 46,702 | 47,982 | 49,472 | 50,758 | 49,965 | 48,245 |
| 3 | Shimanto | City | 32,719 | 34,313 | 35,933 | 37,917 | 38,784 | 38,991 |
| 4 | Kōnan | City | 32,229 | 32,961 | 33,830 | 33,541 | 32,659 | 31,481 |
| 5 | Kami | City | 26,556 | 27,513 | 28,766 | 30,257 | 31,175 | 31,023 |
| 6 | Tosa | City | 25,762 | 27,038 | 28,686 | 30,011 | 30,338 | 30,723 |
| 7 | Ino | Town | 21,394 | 22,767 | 25,062 | 27,068 | 28,729 | 30,079 |
| 8 | Susaki | City | 20,603 | 22,606 | 24,698 | 26,039 | 27,569 | 28,742 |
| 9 | Sukumo | City | 19,044 | 20,907 | 22,610 | 24,397 | 25,970 | 25,919 |
| 10 | Aki | City | 16,258 | 17,577 | 19,547 | 20,348 | 21,321 | 22,377 |
| 11 | Shimanto | Town | 15,596 | 17,325 | 18,712 | 20,527 | 21,844 | 23,081 |
| 12 | Tosashimizu | City | 12,388 | 13,778 | 16,029 | 17,281 | 18,512 | 19,582 |
| 13 | Sakawa | Town | 12,336 | 13,114 | 13,951 | 14,447 | 14,777 | 15,148 |
| 14 | Muroto | City | 11,744 | 13,524 | 15,210 | 17,490 | 19,472 | 21,430 |
| 15 | Kuroshio | Town | 10,275 | 11,217 | 12,366 | 13,437 | 14,208 | 15,024 |
| 16 | Nakatosa | Town | 6,002 | 6,840 | 7,605 | 8,320 | 8,722 | 9,321 |
| 17 | Tsuno | Town | 5,297 | 5,794 | 6,407 | 6,862 | 7,258 | 7,554 |
| 18 | Ochi | Town | 5,191 | 5,795 | 6,374 | 6,952 | 7,411 | 7,803 |
# List of cities in Kyoto Prefecture by population

The following list sorts all cities (including towns) in the Japanese prefecture of Kyoto with a population of more than 5,000 according to the 2020 Census. As of October 1, 2020, 22 places fulfill this criterion and are listed here. This list refers only to the population of individual cities, towns and villages within their defined limits, which does not include other municipalities or suburban areas within urban agglomerations.

## List

The following table lists the 22 cities and towns in Kyoto with a population of at least 5,000 on October 1, 2020, according to the 2020 Census. The table also gives an overview of the evolution of the population since the 1995 census.
| Rank (2020) | Name | Status | 2020 | 2015 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | 1995 |
| 1 | Kyoto | City | 1,464,890 | 1,475,183 | 1,474,015 | 1,474,811 | 1,474,471 | 1,470,902 |
| 2 | Uji | City | 179,783 | 184,678 | 189,609 | 189,591 | 189,112 | 184,830 |
| 3 | Kameoka | City | 86,197 | 89,479 | 92,399 | 93,996 | 94,555 | 92,398 |
| 4 | Nagaokakyō | City | 80,649 | 80,090 | 79,844 | 78,335 | 77,846 | 78,697 |
| 5 | Maizuru | City | 80,383 | 83,990 | 88,669 | 91,733 | 94,050 | 94,784 |
| 6 | Kizugawa | City | 77,960 | 72,840 | 69,761 | 63,649 | 58,809 | 52,436 |
| 7 | Fukuchiyama | City | 77,349 | 78,935 | 79,652 | 81,977 | 83,120 | 82,555 |
| 8 | Jōyō | City | 74,643 | 76,869 | 80,037 | 81,636 | 84,346 | 85,398 |
| 9 | Kyōtanabe | City | 73,773 | 70,835 | 67,910 | 64,008 | 59,577 | 53,040 |
| 10 | Yawata | City | 70,479 | 72,664 | 74,227 | 74,252 | 73,682 | 75,779 |
| 11 | Mukō | City | 56,882 | 53,380 | 54,328 | 55,041 | 53,425 | 53,290 |
| 12 | Kyōtango | City | 50,867 | 55,054 | 59,038 | 62,723 | 65,578 | 67,208 |
| 13 | Seika | Town | 36,220 | 36,376 | 35,630 | 34,236 | 26,357 | 22,691 |
| 14 | Ayabe | City | 31,878 | 33,821 | 35,836 | 37,755 | 38,881 | 39,981 |
| 15 | Nantan | City | 31,650 | 33,145 | 35,214 | 36,736 | 37,617 | 37,841 |
| 16 | Yosano | Town | 20,107 | 21,834 | 23,454 | 24,906 | 25,593 | 25,939 |
| 17 | Miyazu | City | 16,769 | 18,426 | 19,948 | 21,512 | 23,276 | 24,937 |
| 18 | Ōyamazaki | Town | 15,970 | 15,181 | 15,121 | 15,191 | 15,736 | 15,879 |
| 19 | Kumiyama | Town | 15,280 | 15,805 | 15,914 | 16,610 | 17,080 | 18,133 |
| 20 | Kyōtamba | Town | 12,913 | 14,453 | 15,732 | 16,893 | 17,929 | 18,785 |
| 21 | Ujitawara | Town | 8,923 | 9,319 | 9,711 | 10,060 | 9,840 | 9,122 |
| 22 | Ide | Town | 7,411 | 7,910 | 8,447 | 8,951 | 9,102 | 9,438 |

## Gallery

* 01.Kyoto
* 02.Uji
* 03.Kameoka
* 04.Nagaokakyō
* 05.Maizuru
* 06.Kizugawa
* 07.Fukuchiyama
* 08.Jōyō
* 9.Kyōtanabe
* 10.Yawata
* 11.Mukō
* 12Kyōtango
* 13.Seika
* 14.Ayabe
* 15.Nantan
* 16.Yosano
* 17.Miyazu
* 18.Kumiyama
* 19.Ōyamazaki
* 20.Kyōtamba
* 21.Ujitawara
* 22.Ide
# Threshold of pain

The threshold of pain or pain threshold is the point along a curve of increasing perception of a stimulus at which pain begins to be felt. It is an entirely subjective phenomenon. A distinction must be maintained between the stimulus (an external thing that can be directly measured, such as with a thermometer) and the person's or animal's resulting pain perception (an internal, subjective thing that can sometimes be measured indirectly, such as with a visual analog scale). Although an IASP document defines "pain threshold" as "the minimum intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful", it then goes on to say (contradictorily in letter although not in spirit) that:
   Traditionally the threshold has often been defined, as we defined it formerly, as the least stimulus intensity at which a subject perceives pain. Properly defined, the threshold is really the experience of the patient, whereas the intensity measured is an external event. It has been common usage for most pain research workers to define the threshold in terms of the stimulus, and that should be avoided ... The stimulus is not pain (q.v.) and cannot be a measure of pain.
Although the phrasing may not convey it perfectly, the distinction clearly meant is the aforementioned one between the stimulus and the perception of it. The intensity at which a stimulus (e.g., heat, pressure) begins to evoke pain is thus called by a separate term, threshold intensity. So, if a hotplate on a person's skin begins to hurt at 42 °C (107 °F), that is the pain threshold temperature for that bit of skin at that time. It is not the pain threshold (which is internal/subjective) but the temperature at which the pain threshold was crossed (which is external/objective).
The intensity at which a stimulus begins to evoke pain varies from individual to individual and for a given individual over time.

## Heat

The temperature at which heat becomes painful for a recipient is called the heat pain threshold for that person at that time. One study showed that morning-oriented people have higher pain threshold for heat as compared to evening-oriented individuals.

## Hearing

The pressure at which sound becomes painful for a listener is the pain threshold pressure for that person at that time. The threshold pressure for sound varies with frequency and can be age-dependent. People who have been exposed to more noise/music usually have a higher threshold pressure. Threshold shift can also cause threshold pressure to vary. Prolonged exposure to sound at levels evoking pain can cause physical damage, potentially leading to hearing impairment and tinnitus.
The volume in acoustics refers to loudness. It is a common term for the amplitude of sound or the sound pressure level. Different values for pain threshold pressure level and pain threshold pressure are found in the literature:
Threshold of Pain :
| Sound pressure level | Sound pressure |
| 120 dBSPL | 20 Pa |
| 130 dBSPL | 63 Pa |
| 134 dBSPL | 100 Pa |
| 137.5 dBSPL | 150 Pa |
| 140 dBSPL | 200 Pa |
# Threshold of toxilogical concern

The threshold of toxilogical concern (or TTC) is a method for determining the level of exposure to chemicals above which would be considered toxic, in cases where data about such chemicals is scarce or non-existent.
# Pennywhistle (Augie March song)

"Pennywhistle" is a song by Australian band Augie March. It was released in September 2008 as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album, Watch Me Disappear.
It peaked at No. 37 on the ARIA Top 100 Physical Singles Chart.
Scott Podmore of The Herald Sun reviewed Watch Me Disappear and found that "Pennywhistle" was an "escape into the musical gaiety."
Kathy McCabe of The Daily Telegraph felt that "the band are determined to make a star out of the instrument", the pennywhistle. She reported that Richards was inspired to write the song by a Celtic whistle sample, while Edmondo Ammendola added "God forbid we change the pennywhistle for a recorder or a bassoon; there will be outrage."

## Music video

The music video was filmed along the shores of Avalon Beach, Victoria on 5 September 2008, directed by Ben Saunders. The first half of the video shows lead singer Richards riding a bicycle through a secluded waterfront neighbourhood whilst saluting the locals.
The band's drummer, David Williams, is cheerfully showing his skills on a pennywhistle whilst going alongside Richards for a few metres, only to then be pushed and chased by Richards until knocked to the ground. We see Williams on his knees, holding his lower stomach area in pain.
After placing his bicycle next to a shed, he appears with the rest of the band members, continuing down the road whilst simultaneously playing instruments.
Towards the end of the song, we see the locals dancing in unison to the music, walking off into the distance.
# People and Territory

People and Territory (Popolo e Territorio, PT), originally Responsible Initiative (Iniziativa Responsabile), was a centre-right parliamentary party active in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy in 2011–2013. Launched on 20 January 2011, the group was supportive of Berlusconi IV Cabinet. A large majority of its members were elected in Southern Italy. Its counterpart in the Senate was National Cohesion, which was composed mainly of splinters from Future and Freedom.
On 23 March 2011, Francesco Saverio Romano, a group member, was appointed minister of Agriculture. On 5 May 2011 Silvio Berlusconi appointed three under-secretaries from PT/IR: Giampiero Catone (Environment), Bruno Cesario and Catia Polidori (Economy and Finance).

## Composition
### Latest members

The group included:
* The Populars of Italy Tomorrow (I Popolari di Italia Domani, PID)
** ideology: Christian democracy, regionalism
** leader: Francesco Saverio Romano
** 4 deputies: Pippo Gianni, Michele Pisacane, Francesco Saverio Romano, Giuseppe Ruvolo
* Popular Action (Azione Popolare, AP)
** ideology: National conservatism, liberal conservatism
** leader: Silvano Moffa
** 3 deputies: Silvano Moffa, Catia Polidori, Maria Grazia Siliquini
* Movement of National Responsibility (Movimento di Responsabilità Nazionale, MRN)
** ideology: Centrism, liberalism
** leader: Domenico Scilipoti
** 3 deputies: Massimo Calearo, Bruno Cesario, Domenico Scilipoti
* Alliance of the Centre (Alleanza di Centro, AdC)
** ideology: Christian democracy
** leader: Francesco Pionati
** 1 deputy: Francesco Pionati
* Popular Agreement (Intesa Popolare, IP)
** ideology: Christian democracy
** leader: Giampiero Catone
** 1 deputy: Giampiero Catone (previously La Discussione and Christian Democracy)
* 7 deputies of The People of Freedom (PdL) who joined the group for technical reasons:
** Vincenzo D'Anna, Giancarlo Lehner, Roberto Marmo, Giovanni Mottola, Andrea Orsini, Maria Elena Stasi, Vincenzo Taddei
* We the South (Noi Sud, NS)
** ideology: Regionalism
** leader: Antonio Milo
** 2 deputies: Antonio Milo, Antonio Razzi.

### Former members

The group originally included also 4 others deputies of We the South (NS): Elio Belcastro (who was appointed under-secretary for the Environment by Berlusconi on 28 July 2007, in representation of IR/PT, Arturo Iannaccone, Americo Porfidia and Lucio Sardelli (who left the party in the summer of 2011).
Three more deputies from the PdL (Mario Pepe, Gerardo Soglia and Carlo Nola) were members of the group for some time.
Other former members of the group include Paolo Guzzanti (ex-PSI/FI/PdL/PLI) and Maurizio Grassano (ex-LN/LD/AdC).
# Mass in C minor

Mass in C minor may refer to:
* Great Mass in C minor, No. 17, K. 427, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* Missa solemnis in C minor, "Waisenhaus", No. 4, K. 139, also by Mozart
* Mass in C minor, Op. 147, by Robert Schumann
# Mass in C minor, K. 139 "Waisenhaus"

The Missa solemnis in C minor, K. 139/47a, is a mass composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the summer of 1768 in Vienna. It is scored for SATB soloists, SATB choir, violin I and II, 2 violas, 2 oboes, 2 trumpets, 2 clarini (high trumpets), 3 trombones colla parte, timpani and basso continuo.

## Background

The mass was commissioned by the Jesuit priest Father Ignaz Parhammer, who asked Mozart for music for the consecration of the new Orphanage Church – Waisenhauskirche [de] – on the Rennweg. The commission gives the mass its nickname Waisenhausmesse (Orphanage Mass). Mozart also composed a trumpet concerto suitable for performance by a boy as well as an offertory, both thought to be lost. Indeed, due to cataloging errors, this mass was also considered lost for many years.
The first performance took place on 7 December 1768 at the church, in the presence of the court. The twelve-year-old Mozart conducted a choir of orphans in a performance that received "universal acclaim and admiration". This mass is considered Mozart's most ambitious work to be performed up until that point in time, and was his first and longest missa longa.

## Structure

The mass consists of six movements. Performances require approximately 40 minutes.
Despite its designation as a C minor mass, the music is predominantly in C major; masses wholly set in a minor key were considered unusual and funereal in the classical period.
# Ti Rocher

Ti Rocher is the name of the geographic items:
* Ti Rocher, Micoud, settlement of Micoud, St Lucia
* Ti Rocher, Castries, settlement of Castries, St Lucia
* Morne Ti Rocher, Mountain of Haiti
# Maryhill State Park

Maryhill State Park is a public recreation area on the Columbia River in Klickitat County, Washington. The 81-acre (33 ha) state park offers 4,700 feet (1,400 m) of shoreline and facilities for camping, hiking, boating, fishing, and swimming. The Maryhill Stonehenge, a full-scale concrete replica of Stonehenge, stands on a bluff not far from the park.