OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landesgericht (Germany)

In Germany, Landesgerichte (German: ) or Gerichte der Länder are courts which are established and operated by one or several of the sixteen Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany. Their opposite are the Federal Courts. According to article 92 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, the judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court, by the Federal Courts enumerated in the Basic Law, and otherwise by the courts of the states.
Courts of the states are:
* Amtsgerichte, Landgerichte and Oberlandesgerichte as the first, second and third instances of ordinary jurisdiction (except some cases in which the Oberlandesgerichte act as federal courts, see the corresponding article)
* Labour Courts and State Labour Courts as the first and second instance of labour jurisdiction
* Administrative Courts and Oberverwaltungsgerichte as the first and second instance of administrative jurisdiction
* Social Courts and State Social Courts as the first and second instance of social jurisdiction
* Finance Courts as the first instance of financial jurisdiction
* the states' constitutional courts.
# Thallis Theodoridis

Thallis Theodoridis (Greek: Θαλλής Θεοδωρίδης, died 1850) was a Greek revolutionary leader during the Greek War of Independence.
He was born in Pyrgos and is the descendant of the rich Theodoridis family which descended from Divri (now Lampeia). He was the secretary and aide of the Sissinaians and fought with his own army in Attica, Ilia, and the battle of Riolos. After the revolution, he was the stockkeeper of Pyrgos, but was accused several times for embezzlement. He died in 1850.
His grandson was Vasileios Theodoridis.
# Marquis of Rockingham (ship)

Numerous ships have been named Marquis of Rockingham, or Marquess of Rockingham, named for British prime minister Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham:
* Marquis of Rockingham was a vessel British built in 1764, of 100 tons (bm), Heywood and Co., owners. This may be the Marquis of Rockingham (1764), of 160 tons (bm), that became the Reina de Portugal.
* Marquis of Rockingham was a vessel of 400 tons (bm). 22 guns, and 60 crew. She made a voyage from Britain in 1769 to Bombay, via Johanna and Tellicheri, to remain in the East Indies.
* Marquis of Rockingham, Captain Isaac Pocock, was a transport that an American privateer, possibly the Sturdy Beggar, captured on 14 November 1777. HMS Perseus, HMS Roebuck, and HMS Camilla recaptured her.
* Marquis of Rockingham was a transport that on 17 December 1778 was sailing from Newport, Rhode Island, to New York City to with a cargo of hay when she wrecked at Gardiner's Island, New York. The American privateers American Revenue and Governor Turnbull rescued the five survivors of her crew of 22.
* Marquis of Rockingham (1771 EIC ship), an East Indiaman that made one voyage for the East India Company before she sank off Madras in May 1777 during her second voyage.
* HMS Adventure, a barque launched in 1769 under the name Marquis of Rockingham, that the Royal Navy purchased and that sailed with Cook in the early 1770s. The navy sold her in 1783 and she traded as a merchantman until she was wrecked in 1811.
# Kelva

Kelva may refer to:
* Kalva, Azerbaijan
* Kelwa Beach, Mumbai, India
# 1978 Guyanese constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Guyana on 10 July 1978. The proposed change to Article 73 of the constitution would abolish the need for referendums to change the entrenched provisions of the constitution (including presidential powers, the dissolution of Parliament and the electoral system) and instead allow them to be changed by a two-thirds majority in parliament (which the ruling People's National Congress had at the time). It would also result in the postponement of the elections scheduled for later in the year, and instead the parliament elected in 1973 would be declared a Constituent Assembly.
The bill was passed by parliament on 10 April, with the referendum to be held three months later. The changes were reportedly approved by 97% of voters with a turnout of 70%, although the figures were subject to fraud by the government. The opposition claimed that turnout was only between 10% and 14%.
Following the referendum, the parliamentary term was prolonged and a new socialist constitution was written and promulgated in 1980.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 419,936 | 97.09 |
| Against | 8,956 | 2.91 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 2,228 | – |
| Total | 431,120 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 609,225 | 70.77 |
| Source: Direct Democracy |||
# Symphytum bulbosum

Symphytum bulbosum, common name bulbous comfrey, is a flowering plant of the genus Symphytum in the family Boraginaceae.

## Description

Symphytum bulbosum can reach a height between 15 and 50 centimeters. The petals are pale yellow, about 1 inch long. It flowers in March and April.

## Distribution

It is native to the Mediterranean region and it is present at an elevation of 0–1,000 metres (0–3,281 ft) above sea level.
# Loch of Butterstone

Loch of Butterstone is a small freshwater loch, almost circular in shape, located within the nature reserve of the Cardney Estate, near Dunkeld in Perth and Kinross. It is one of a group of three lochs, which include Loch of the Lowes and Loch of Craiglush, which are located next to each other in southeast to northwest orientation. Loch of Butterstone is located at the top of the group at the northwest end, with Loch of the Lowes being at the southwest and Loch of Craiglush located north of Loch of the Lowes. The three lochs form a chain of lochs known as the Lunan Lochs.

## Settlements

Dunkeld is the largest settlement, which is located southeast from the loch. The A923 main road passes to the north of the three lochs, which runs from Dundee to Dunkeld.

## Geography

The loch lies at the head of the valley of the Lunan Burn, which flows east and southeast to join the River Isla near Coupar Angus. The primary feature of Loch of Butterstone, is the clearness of the water, which has been described as gin clear. This startling clearness is particularly noticeable in Scotland, when most lochs are peat lochs, and are therefore peaty in colour.
The three lochs are located in shallow valley, with a northeast orientation, looking from the Dunkeld side. The most prominent feature, is Newtyle Hill at 317 metres (1,040 ft), which is closest to Loch of Lowes. At the other side of the valley is a number of shallow hills, including Crieff Hill, at the base of the three lochs, on the northeast orientation, rising to Craig More. The surrounding area is heavily wooded. On the west slope, looking from Dunkeld, is Drumbuie Wood.
Loch of Butterstone is a well known flyfishing loch.
# Shane Clipfell

Shane Clipfell (born August 29, 1963) is the current head coach of the Western Michigan University women's basketball team.

## Career

He accepted the head coaching position at Western Michigan in April 2012. Prior to Western Michigan he was on Suzy Merchant's staff at Eastern Michigan from 1998 to 2007 and Michigan State from 2007 to 2012. He was acting as the head coach for much of the 2006–07 season while Merchant was on maternity leave. Early in his career he was an assistant coach and the head coach at Glen Oaks Community College and Colon High School. He compiled a 58–35 overall record at Glen Oaks. His 1997 team finished ranked #3 in the NJCAA and he was National District Coach of the Year. He led the Colon Magi to seven league titles, a Final Four, and a 185–65 overall record in 11 total years at the helm and was Michigan Regional Coach of the Year in 1992, 1994 and 1995.
He had previously played basketball and football at Colon High School.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Eastern Michigan (Mid-American Conference) (2005–2007) ||||||
| 2006–07 | Eastern Michigan | 13–12* | 10–6* | | |
| Eastern Michigan: | Eastern Michigan: | 13–12 (.520) | 10–6 (.625) | | |
| Western Michigan (Mid-American Conference) (2012–present) ||||||
| 2012–13 | Western Michigan | 11–20 | 7–11 | 8th | |
| 2013–14 | Western Michigan | 13–18 | 8–10 | 7th | |
| 2014–15 | Western Michigan | 20–13 | 11–7 | T-2nd (West) | WNIT First Round |
| 2015–16 | Western Michigan | 17–15 | 8–10 | 5th (West) | |
| 2016–17 | Western Michigan | 19–13 | 8–10 | 5th (West) | |
| 2017–18 | Western Michigan | 18–15 | 9–9 | 3rd (West) | |
| 2018–19 | Western Michigan | 10–20 | 4–13 | 5th (West) | |
| 2019–20 | Western Michigan | 18–13 | 10–8 | 3rd (West) | |
| 2020–21 | Western Michigan | 6–15 | 5–14 | 10th | |
| 2021–22 | Western Michigan | 16–14 | 10–10 | T-6th | |
| 2022–23 | Western Michigan | 12–17 | 7–11 | T-7th | |
| 2023–24 | Western Michigan | 12–18 | 7–11 | 8th | |
| Western Michigan: | Western Michigan: | 172–191 (.474) | 94–124 (.431) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 243–238 (.505)** | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
* Acting as head coach. Suzy Merchant missed all but four games of 2006–07 while on maternity leave. EMU was 3–1 under Merchant ** Overall Record includes his 58–35 record at Glen Oaks.

## Personal life

While an assistant at Eastern Michigan he earned a bachelor's degree in communications. He and his wife, Connie, have two children.
# Malaxis elegans

Malaxis elegans is a species of terrestrial and semiepiphytic orchids.
# Edwin Seaver

Edwin Seaver (1900-1987) was a 20th-century American publisher, writer, editor, and critic, best known for his work with left-wing magazines (including the Call, Leader, New Masses) and newspapers (Daily Worker), as well as book publishing houses including Book-of-the-Month Club, Little, Brown and Company, and George Braziller, .

## Background

Edwin Seaver was born in 1900 in Washington, DC, to a Jewish family and raised in Philadelphia. He attended a New England prep school and then Harvard College.

## Career

Inclined to Communism, he worked for publications including the Menorah Journal, the New Masses, and Partisan Review.
He also co-wrote a book with actress Carole Landis called Four Jills in a Jeep (1944), made to accompany movie of the same name that year.
In 1948, Max Lerner reviewed in Fortune (magazine), "The Businessman in Fiction," by John Chamberlain, whom he criticized for lumping left-leaning writers together as "heretics": Sinclair Lewis, Frederic Wakeman, John P. Marquand, Samuel Hopkins Adams, Lester Cohen, Norman Mailer, Christina Stead, Hiram Haydn, Robert Penn Warren, Charles Yale Harrison, Hugh MacLennan, Herman Wouk, Robert Rylee, Taylor Caldwell, Upton Sinclair, John Steinbeck, MacKinlay Kantor, Robert Wilder, Thomas Duncan, Merle Miller, Robert van Gelder, Mary McCarthy, Arthur Miller, Theodore Dreiser, John Dos Passos, Edwin Seaver, Mary Heaton Vorse, Grace Lumpkin, William Rollins, Robert Cantwell, Jack Conroy, Jack London, Robert Herrick, Frank Norris, William Dean Howells, Edith Wharton, Henry Adams, and Henry James.
He was a sponsor of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace, held in New York City, March 25–27, 1949, arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions as follow-up to an earlier gathering, the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace, held in Poland, August 25–28, 1948.
Seaver was interviewed during the McCarthy hearings but never confirmed as a Communist.

## Works

Seaver wrote the novels The Company (Macmillan, 1930) and Between the Hammer and the Anvil (Julian Messner, 1937).
* The Company (1930)
* All in the racket, with William E. Weeks, introduced by Arthur Garfield Hays (1930)
* Between the hammer and the anvil (1937)
* World's great love novels (1944)
* Cross section: a collection of new American writing (1944-1948)
* Pageant of American humor (1948)
* "Only an Editor", New York Review of Books (August 24, 1967)
* So far, so good: recollections of a life in publishing (preface by Angus Cameron) (1986)
# Thallisellini

Thallisellini is a tribe of pleasing fungus beetle in the subfamily Languriinae.

## Taxonomy

The tribe contains the following genera:
* Acryptophagus Grouvelle, 1919
* Platoberus Sharp, 1900
* Pseudhapalips Champion, 1913
* Thallisella Crotch, 1875
* † Serramorphus Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2017
* † Thallisellites Kupryjanowicz, Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2022
# Symphony in E minor (Karłowicz)

The Symphony in E minor, Op. 7, Rebirth, is the only symphony written by Polish composer Mieczysław Karłowicz. Work on the symphony began in 1899 during the composer's studies in Berlin, and was finished in 1902 in Poland. It received its world premiere in 1903 in Berlin, and its Polish premiere the same year in Lwów.

## Instrumentation

The symphony is written for 3 flutes (third doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings.

## Structure

It is divided into four movements:
* Andante - Allegro
* Andante non troppo
* Vivace
* Allegro Maestoso
# Liu Yuanjie

Liu Yuanjie (Chinese: 刘远节; born 24 March 1937) is a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as political commissar of the PLA Guangdong Military District from 1994 to 1998.
Liu was a representative of the 14th and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Liu was born Liu Chunhua (刘春华) in the town of Taoshui, You County, Hunan, on 24 March 1937. He attended You County No. 1 High School. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in March 1956, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1959. He served in the 55th Army for a long time, ultimately being appointed director of the Political Department in 1983. In August 1985, he became director of the Political Department of the 42nd Group Army (now 74th Group Army), he remained in that position until April 1986, when he was chosen as political commissar of the 41st Group Army (now 75th Group Army). In March 1994, he was promoted to become political commissar of the PLA Guangdong Military District, a position he held until his retirement in July 1998.
# Simon Brotherton

Simon Charles Brotherton is a sports commentator for the BBC, appearing on Match of the Day and BBC Radio Five Live, as well as TNT Sports television.
Brotherton was still at school when he began his career with BBC Local Radio and developed further while he was studying at Birmingham University where he joined Birmingham's local BBC radio station WM.
In 1990 Brotherton joined the BBC network, where, as well as commentating on the Premier League, he has commentated on a variety of football tournaments including the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 1996, UEFA Euro 2000, UEFA Euro 2004, UEFA Euro 2008, UEFA Euro 2012, UEFA Euro 2016, the African Cup of Nations, the UEFA Champions League Final and the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League Final.
He has also reported from the Tour de France races, Formula One coverage, World Championship Boxing, Athletics and Major League Baseball's World Series.
He lives in West Sussex with his wife and their two daughters. In 2013, he became the lead BBC commentator for the Track Cycling World Championships and Olympic Games cycling (from 2016) following Hugh Porter's move to ITV. Brotherton is also the lead Channel 4 commentator for the Paralympic Games cycling (as of 2016).
Brotherton was also commentator at both the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics for the BBC in the speed skating.
# Tolyl group

In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. They have the general formula CH$_3$C$_6$H$_4$−R, the change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para). Tolyl groups are aryl groups which are commonly found in the structure of diverse chemical compounds. They are considered nonpolar and hydrophobic groups.
The functionalization to include tolyl groups into compounds is often done by Williamson etherification, using tolyl alcohols as reagents, or by C-C coupling reactions. Tolyl sulfonates are excellent leaving groups in nucleophilic substitutions, for this reason, they are commonly generated as intermediaries to activate alcohols. To this end, 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride is reacted in the presence of a base with the corresponding alcohol.
# 1917 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team

The 1917 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team represented Georgetown University during the 1917 college football season. Led by Albert Exendine in his fourth year as head coach, the team went 7–1 and won the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) championship.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 6 | | Lebanon Valley* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 33–7 |
| October 13 | | Springfield YMCA* | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 26–0 |
| October 20 | | at Lehigh* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 17–6 |
| October 27 | | VPI | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | W 28–0 |
| November 6 | 2:30 p.m. | at Fordham* | Fordham FieldBronx, NY | W 12–0 |
| November 10 | | at Navy* | Worden FieldAnnapolis, MD | L 7–28 |
| November 17 | | at Washington and Lee | Maher FieldRoanoke, VA | W 52–0 |
| November 29 | | Allentown Ambulance Corps* | American League ParkWashington, DC | W 27–0 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Malaxis histionantha

Malaxis histionantha is a species of orchid native to Latin America. It is widespread from Mexico to Argentina. It generally has two leaves and a more or less spherical cluster of small green flowers.
# Theneuil

Theneuil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
# Thallium(I) chloride

Thallium(I) chloride, also known as thallous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula TlCl. This colourless salt is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. Typically, an acidic solution of thallium(I) sulfate is treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif.
The low solubility of TlCl is exploited in chemical synthesis: treatment of metal chloride complexes with TlPF$_6$, gives the corresponding metal hexafluorophosphate derivative. The resulting TlCl precipitate is separated by filtration of the reaction mixture. The overall methodology is similar to the use of AgPF$_6$, except that Tl$^+$ is much less oxidizing.
The crystalline structure is of cubic caesium chloride type at room temperature, but it lowers to the orthorhombic thallium iodide type upon cooling, the transition temperature being likely affected by the impurities. Nanometer-thin TlCl films grown on KBr substrates exhibit a rocksalt structure, while the films deposited on mica or NaCl are of the regular CsCl type.
A very rare mineral lafossaite, Tl(Cl,Br), is a natural form of thallium(I) chloride.
Thallium(I) chloride, like all thallium compounds, is highly toxic, although its low solubility limits its toxicity.
# Ken Day

Ken Day is the name of:
* Ken Day (cricketer) (1919–1991), English cricketer of the 1950s
* Ken Day (rugby league) (1936–1998), Australian rugby league footballer of the 1960s
# Living review

In academic publishing, a "living" review is a review article that is updated at intervals to reflect the latest research. Living reviews are typically published online. Unlike in a print journal, readers are notified of newer versions. While each version must be cited separately, a living review acts as version control for the state of research.
For instance, the first article published in Living Reviews in Relativity was
In 2008, an updated version was produced:
The authors and titles of living reviews typically remain the same from version to version, although this is not required. The review title also typically remains the same, although developments may require title revisions to reflect the latest research, or an adjustment in the review scope.
Academic journals that publish living reviews include the Living Reviews astrophysics journal series, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in medicine.
# Simon Brooks-Ward

Major General Simon Howe Brooks-Ward, CVO, CBE, TD, VR is a British event organiser and former senior Army Reserve officer. Through his company, The HPower Group, he is most well known for organising large-scale equestrian events worldwide.

## Military career

Brooks-Ward was commissioned into the Royal Yeomanry on 4 October 1987. He served in the Iraq War as the Commanding Officer of the Royal Yeomanry, the only Army Reserve unit to receive a battle honour during the conflict. In 2004 he was awarded the Territorial Decoration, and in 2005 he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services in Iraq and to defence. He was subsequently Colonel Yeomanry at Headquarters Royal Armoured Corps and Colonel TA Training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. In January 2012 he was promoted to brigadier and was appointed Assistant Divisional Commander of 3rd (United Kingdom) Division in Bulford. In October 2015 he was promoted to major general and took over as Deputy Commander Field Army, the most senior position in the Army Reserve. He retired in June 2022.
He was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Yeomanry Royal Armoured Corps Army Reserve on 1 January 2024.
Brooks-Ward was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours.

## Event organiser

Brooks-Ward arranged his first major event at the age of 27, directing the Luciano Pavarotti horse show in Italy. He has subsequently become the director of the Olympia London International Horse Show and the Royal Windsor Horse Show, as well as numerous other major equestrian events.
In addition, Brooks-Ward was the Equestrian Adviser at the 2004 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, and the site selection and feasibility plans for London 2012, the 2008 TA100 National Pageant, the Windsor Castle Royal Tattoo, the 2012 Diamond Jubilee Pageant, and the BAFTA Award Winning Queen's 90th Birthday Celebrations at Windsor. The HPower Group was the delivery company for the three First World War 100 year anniversary Commemorations; 2015 at St Symphorien Cemetery, Mons, 2016 Somme, and 2017 Passchendaele Commemorations. His involvement in many British state ceremonial occasions led to him being honoured as a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in 2002. He was promoted to Commander in the same order in the 2012 Diamond Jubilee Honours in recognition of his services during the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
Brooks-Ward was involved in organising national celebrations for the Queen's 90th birthday in May 2016.
# Marta Hotus Tuki

Marta Raquel Hotus Tuki is a Rapa Nui Chilean politician, governor of Isla de Pascua Province between 12 March 2014, when she was appointed by President of Chile Michelle Bachelet, and 9 September 2015, being succeeded by Melania Hotu. She has also served as municipal councilor on three occasions.
# Tolyltriazole

Tolyltriazole is a mixture of isomers or congeners that differ from benzotriazole by the addition of one methyl group attached somewhere on the benzene ring. "The term tolyltriazole (CAS 29385-43-1) generally [refers to] the commercial mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of 4- and 5-methylbenzotriazole, with small quantities of [their respective 7- and 6-methyl tautomers]".

## Synthesis and reactions

Synthesis is much like that of benzotriazole, but starting with methyl-o-phenylenediamine instead of o-phenylenediamine. Isomers of methyl-o-phenylenediamine include 3-methyl-o-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-o-phenylenediamine, and N-methyl-o-phenylenediamine (not involved here).

## Applications

Tolyltriazole has uses similar to benzotriazole, but has better solubility in some organic solvents.

### Corrosion inhibitor
## Related compounds

Hydroxybenzotriazole