# Oswald Mathias Ungers

Oswald Mathias Ungers (12 July 1926 – 30 September 2007) was a German architect and architectural theorist, known for his rationalist designs and the use of cubic forms. Among his notable projects are museums in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cologne.

## Biography

Oswald Mathias Ungers was born in Kaisersesch in the Eifel region. From 1947 to 1950 he studied architecture at the University of Karlsruhe under Egon Eiermann. He set up an architectural practice in Cologne in 1950, and opened offices in Berlin in 1964, Frankfurt in 1974 and Karlsruhe in 1983.
He was a professor at Technische Universität Berlin from 1963 to 1967 and served as the dean of the faculty of architecture from 1965 to 1967. In 1968 he moved to the United States, where he became the chair of the department of architecture at Cornell University from 1969 to 1975. In 1971 he became a member of the American Institute of Architects. He was also a visiting professor at Harvard University (1973 and 1978) and the University of California, Los Angeles (1974/75). He returned to Germany in 1976, becoming a visiting professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna (1979/80) and a full professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf (1986).
Ungers died on 30 September 2007 from pneumonia. He was married to Liselotte Gabler [de] (1926–2010) and had one son, the architect Simon Ungers, and two daughters.

## On his work

Ungers' buildings are characterized by strict geometrical design grid. Basic design elements of his architecture are elementary forms such as square, circle or cube and sphere, which Ungers varied and transformed in his designs. As an architectural theorist and university lecturer, Ungers developed what his critics called "quadratism", his admirers "German rationalism". In doing so, he resorted to the teaching of Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand who had published in 1820 his pattern books with geometric prototypes for "any building". In his formal language, Ungers explicitly referred to elementary architectural design elements that are independent of contemporary tastes. His historical role models in the history of architecture come mainly from Roman-Greek antiquity. His work was therefore occasionally criticized as formalistic. In connection with his construction on the Frankfurt Messe grounds, there was often talk of a "new clarity". Like hardly any other architect, Ungers has remained true to his once chosen formal language for decades. He was one of the leading theoreticians of Second Modernism.
Well-known students of Ungers include Max Dudler, Jo. Franzke [de], Hans Kollhoff, Rem Koolhaas, Christoph Mäckler [de], Jürgen Sawade [de] and Eun Young Yi [de].

## The Archive for Architectural Research (UAA)

Ungers Archive for Architectural Research contains his architecture library, which he began building in the 1950s, as well as the architect's entire artistic legacy. The library focuses on architecture tractate, works on the emergence and further development of perspective and publications on theory of colour. The library includes the first edition of Vitruv's De Architectura Libri Decem of 1495 as well as rare editions such as the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar 1919–1923 and publications of the Russian avantgarde, for example Von zwei Quadraten by the architect El Lissitzky. Together with his estate it is housed in the library cube of Ungers' listed building in Belvederestraße 60, Müngersdorf and is available to the scientific public for research purposes.

### Ungers' collection of architectural icons

Part of the Ungers Archive for architectural Research are the models of historical architectural icons which the diploma designer and architectural model builder Bernd Grimm built in collaboration with the architect. Ungers goal was to create a "three-dimensional collection" of historically significant buildings. The models are made of white Alabaster gypsum and have a wooden substructure.
* 1993: Parthenon, Athens, 447–438 BC, model in scale 1:50
* 1995: Pantheon Rom, 118–128 BC, model in scale 1:50
* 2001: Castel del Monte by Friedrich II, Apulia, 1240–1250, model in scale 1:70
* 2002: Kenotaph for Isaac Newton, 1784, Architect: Étienne-Louis Boullée, model in 1:400 scale
* 2001: Tiempietto del Bramante, Rome, 1502, Architect: Donato Bramante, model in scale 1:15
* 2004: Mausoleum of Theoderic, Ravenna, circa 520 AD, model in scale 1:20

## Selected projects

* 1958–1959 Haus Ungers in Lindenthal, Cologne
* 1979–1984 German Architecture Museum in Frankfurt
* 1980–1983 Messe Torhaus in Frankfurt
* 1981–1984 Konstantinplatz in Trier
* 1983–1991 Baden State Library in Karlsruhe
* 1986 Former main building of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven
* 1993–1996 Friedrichstadt-Passagen (Quartier 205 [de]) in Berlin
* 1994 Residence of the German ambassador in Washington D.C.
* 1994–1995 Haus ohne Eigenschaften [de] (house without qualities) in Cologne
* 1995 Hamburger Kunsthalle, Galerie der Gegenwart
* 1998–2001 Dorotheenhöfe, Berlin
* 2001 Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne
* 2006 Entrance to the ruins of a Roman bath in Trier

### Proposed or under construction

* In 2000, he won an architectural competition to redesign the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. His controversial plan proposes large alterations to the building complex which has remained unchanged since 1930. The rebuilding is scheduled to end in 2025.

## Gallery

* Hamburger Kunsthalle, Galerie der Gegenwart
* Messe Torhaus in Frankfurt
* Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe
* Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne
* Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven
* German Architecture Museum in Frankfurt
* Domestic relations court in Berlin-Kreuzberg

## Awards

* 1987 Großer BDA Preis
* 1997 Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

## Writings

* Ungers, Oswald Mathias (2011). City metaphors (in German). Köln: Walther Konig Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86560-946-5.
* —— (2011). Die Thematisierung der Architektur (in German). Sulgen: Niggli. ISBN 978-3-7212-0698-2.
* —— (1999). Was ich immer schon sagen wollte über die Stadt, wie man sich seine eigenen Häuser baut, und was andere über mich denken: Aphorismen zum Häuserbauen (in German). Wiesbaden Braunschweig: Vieweg. ISBN 978-3-528-08143-0.
* ——; Neumeyer, Fritz (1991). "Entwerfen mit Vorstellungsbildern, Metaphern und Analogien. Anmerkungen zu einem morphologischen Konzept". Architektur 1951 – 1990 (in German). Stuttgart: Dt. Verl.-anst. ISBN 978-3-421-03010-8.