OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Mason (MP)

Stephen Mason (15 April 1832 – 21 April 1890) was a Scottish Liberal politician.

## Family and business

Mason was born at Kennoway in the Kingdom of Fife. He was educated locally in a private school. He married Martha Marshall of Machan in Lanarkshire.
Mason was originally a Glasgow merchant, a sometime chairman of Glasgow Chamber of Commerce. By 1889 he is recorded as being a member of the London Board and managing director of the English and Australian Mortgage Bank Ltd He was also a Justice of the peace in Glasgow.
His son, David Marshall Mason was an MP, being Liberal member for Coventry from 1910–1918 and Edinburgh East 1931–35

## Political career

Mason was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Mid Lanarkshire in the 1885 general election defeating his Conservative opponent by 296 votes. At the 1886 election Mason held his seat with an increased majority 870, this time against Liberal Unionist opposition and emphasising his support of Irish Home Rule. He resigned from Parliament in 1888 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead. It was reported that Mason had gone on a voyage to Australia.

## Death

Having previously been in what appeared to be good health, Mason died suddenly of heart disease at his London home in Streatham Hill on 21 April 1890.
# Overriding aorta

An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect (VSD), instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and thereby reducing the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues.
It is one of the four findings in the classic tetralogy of Fallot. The other three findings are right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction (most often subpulmonary stenosis), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and ventricular septal defect (VSD).
# Khoja Mashkhad Mausoleum

The Mausoleum of Khoja Mashkhad is located 6 km south of Shaartuz in the Khatlon province of Tajikistan.

## Site description

The mausoleum is a rare example of a pre-Mongol madrasah from the 11th and 12th centuries. Two large, domed structures are connected at the middle by a small arch, constructed of mud-brick. Due to the building materials used, the structure is prone to decay and is in need of conservation.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on November 9, 1999, in the Cultural category.
# Stellaria pungens

Stellaria pungens, commonly known as prickly starwort, is a flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small, mat forming perennial with white star-shaped flowers and small sharply pointed, bright green leaves.

## Description

Stellaria pungens is a sprawling or prostrate, mat forming perennial forb with angular stems that may be smooth or with occasional hairs. The leaves are arranged opposite, bright green, 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, about 2 mm (0.079 in) wide at the base, sessile, narrowly egg-shaped, somewhat stiff, slightly curved upward, hairy edges and ending in a sharp point. The star-shaped flowers have five deeply divided petals giving the appearance of ten petals, each petal to 9 mm (0.35 in) long and ten prominent dark anthers. The flowers are borne singly at the end of the stems or in the upper leaf axils on a pedicel 5–30 mm (0.20–1.18 in) long. The sepals are more less as long as the petals, pointed, edges dry, thin and flexible. The fruit is a dry, egg-shaped capsule up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long. Flowering occurs from October to December.

## Taxonomy

Stellaria pungens was first formally described in 1834 by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart and the description was published in Voyage Autour du Monde. Botanique.

## Distribution and habitat

Prickly starwort is a moderately common species growing in steep, rocky or shaded sites in woodland in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia.
# Ovation Technologies

Ovation Technologies was a short-lived software company founded in Canton, Massachusetts, in December 1982 to create business productivity software for the then-emerging IBM PC and compatible market. Briefly named Spectrum Group Inc., the company was founded by Thomas J. Gregory, who also served as the company's president. Mike Walrod served as vice president of marketing.
Their intended product, also named "Ovation", was an integrated software suite aiming to compete against the industry leader at the time, Lotus 1-2-3. The company raised several million in capital and secured a distribution agreement with Tandy Corporation, including co-marketing with their line of Tandy 2000 computers. The "Ovation" project was led by chief software designer Robert Kutnik.
The company made impressive demonstrations, culminating with a high-profile news conference staged at Manhattan's Windows on the World restaurant, but ultimately they were unable to ship their product, and filed for bankruptcy by the end of 1984.
Ovation's most enduring claim to fame may be as what many consider to be the industry's first widely publicized and "most notorious" example of vaporware.
# Julius Geertz

Julius Geertz (21 April 1837 – 21 October 1902) was a German artist of the Düsseldorf school of painting.

## Biography

Geertz was born in Hamburg where he began his artistic studies under the brothers Günther Gensler and Martin Gensler [de], then worked for some time as a private student of the former, after which he became a pupil of Adolf des Coudres in Karlsruhe. He moved to Düsseldorf in 1860 and entered the studio of Rudolf Jordan. In 1864 he travelled to Paris, where he studied the work of the old masters, and afterwards to Brittany and the Netherlands.
He then settled in Düsseldorf, where he painted genre scenes, partly serious, partly humorous, taken from ordinary life and the doings of young people; among these Der Verbrecher nach der Verurteilung ("The Criminal after the Judgement") established his reputation. He is counted as one of the so-called Düsseldorf School.
His works are distinguished by serious effort to capture the truth to life of individual character, excellent drawing and telling use of colour, as well as a frequent use of subtle humour. He was a member of the Düsseldorf painters' society Malkasten ("paintbox").
Geertz died in Braunschweig.
His son Henry Ludwig Geertz (born 1872 in Düsseldorf; date and place of death unknown) studied from 1889 at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf with Peter Janssen, and from 1893 in the painting classes of Julius Roeting and Eduard von Gebhardt. He was a member of the Hamburger Künstlerverein ("Hamburg Artists' Society"). Among his major works is the group portrait of the founding members of the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung ("Hamburg Scientific Society").

## Selected works

* Zerniert und Kapituliert
* Zwei heitere Kinderbilder
* Folgen des Schularrestes
* Der Fliegenfänger
* Die Dorfschule
* Wacht am Rhein
* Kriegsgefangene
* Das Mädchen mit dem Vogelnest
* Der Bettelpfennig
# Magtanggol C. Gunigundo

Magtanggol C. Gunigundo is a Filipino government official and politician best known for having been the sole chair of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) during the term of President Fidel V. Ramos, and as the father of former Valenzuela Congressman Magtanggol T. Gunigundo. His term at the PCGG is noted for an attempted compromise deal with Imelda Marcos in 1993 for the partial return of the Marcoses' wealth, although the deal ultimately did not push through.
# Magsungay, Bacolod

Magsungay is a former town and predecessor settlement to the current highly urbanized city of Bacolod.

## History

Magsungay started as a visita or a religious mission of the neighboring town of Bago in 1575, named San Sebastian de Magsungay. It was named after the river delta that forms a shape of a horn, or "sungay" in Hiligaynon. However, at the height of the Moro raids in the Visayas, the settlement of Magsungay was abandoned after the attack by forces under Datu Bantílan of Sulu on July 14, 1755. Townsfolk moved to an area inland area characterized with higher elevation to avoid Moro raids, which later became the town of Granada.
The town was reestablished as the pueblo of Bacolod in 1788, with the original townsite incorporated with a now larger poblacion. Magsungay lent its patron saint, San Sebastian as the patron saint of Bacolod.

## Present area

Magsungay was a former constituent barangay until it was divided between Barangay Singcang, the location of the old airport, and numbered urban Barangays 10–16. Hence, Singcang is also alternatively called as "Magsungay," as the largest barangay occupying the territory of Magsungay, now roughly an informal city district.

### Commerce

About 35 hectares of land is owned by the Araneta Group under the Progressive Development Corporation, while a significant portion is partly occupied by the Bacolod Real Estate Development Corporation as a reclaimed port and SM City Bacolod, occupying an area west of Mambulac Creek.

### Education

Education and Training Center School 4 (ETCS-4), a public elementary school run by the City Government of Bacolod, occupies a city-owned property in the reclamation area.
# Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni

Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni (c. 1405–1483) was an Italian Renaissance painter.
Not much is known about Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni's life except through his works. He was born in Florence, and his style puts him in the Florentine School. He primarily painted religious-themed works for local church commissions. He painted frescoes in the former refectory of the parish church of St. Andrea. He also painted a number of altarpieces with Bicci di Lorenzo. He was an assistant of Bacci di Lorenzo and, later, one of his main collaborators. He died in 1483. One of his works is part of the Courtauld Gallery collection.

## Works

* Madonna with the Long Neck, Pinacoteca e museo civico di Volterra
* Baptism of San Pancrazio, distemper on wood, 68,5x52 3 cm, Musée Bandini, Fiesole
* Annunciation, tempera and gold on wood (attribution) in collaboration with Bicci di Lorenzo
* Baptism of Christ, Nativity of Jesus, Museo Civico Amedeo Lia, La Spezia
* Last Supper', fresco, Parish Church of St Andrew, Cercina, Sesto Fiorentino
* Madonna of the Girdle, fresco (v.1430) in collaboration with Bicci di Lorenzo
# Khishigten

The Hishigten (Mongolian: ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ Хишигтэн; simplified Chinese: 克什克腾部; traditional Chinese: 克什克騰部) are one of the Southern Mongol ethnic groups. Today, they live in Heshigten Banner of China.

## Ethnonym

The ethnic name Hishigten is formed by adding the affix -ten to the Altaic word kešik meaning luck, prosperity, grace.

## History

They are believed to be the descendants of the Kheshig, the imperial guard of the Mongol Empire. The Hishigtens were the main core of the Mongol troops, subordinate only to Genghis Khan and in wartime became the main regiment, and in peacetime they performed the duties of personal guard of the rulers and their headquarters led by Genghis Khan. Mongol rulers revered the Hishigtens and showed them special trust. The descendants of the Hishigten, who represented the main core of the troops of the Great Mongol State and the Yuan State and were the main guardians of the rulers and their headquarters and palaces, formed the modern Hishigten ethnic group.
# Lotus 20

The Lotus 20 is a Formula Junior car built by Lotus for the 1961 season as a successor to the Lotus 18.
The chassis is a spaceframe, clothed in fibreglass bodywork. It has front double wishbone suspension, but the rear had a lower wishbone with the driveshaft being fixed length and therefore used as a top link. Originally fitted with Alfin drum brakes at all four corners, it was soon upgraded to discs in front and inboard drums at the rear. Equipped as standard with the Cosworth Mk.IV engine and with either a Renault Dauphine gearbox or Hewland-modified VW box.
Compared with the Lotus 18, the 20 has a much reduced frontal area and lower centre of gravity, aided by the fact the driving position was reclined so the driver was nearly lying down, compared with being more upright in the Lotus 18.
A 1962 Lotus 20 can be found hanging from the ceiling on the first floor at the Canadian Automotive Museum.

## Lotus 20B

The 20B was mostly the same as the 20, but with sway bar and stock inboard drum brakes in the rear. Occasionally, 20Bs ran with Lotus TwinCam, and therefore didn't race as a Formula Junior, but as Formula Libre and in other series such as the Tasman series.
A Lotus 20 was entered in the 1965 South African Grand Prix for Dave Charlton but failed to pre-qualify.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Points | WCC |
| 1965 | Ecurie Tomahawk | Ford 109E 1.5 L4 | D | | RSA | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | 0 | NC |
| 1965 | Ecurie Tomahawk | Ford 109E 1.5 L4 | D | Dave Charlton | DNPQ | | | | | | | | | | 0 | NC |
| 1965 | Brian Raubenheimer | Ford 109E 1.5 L4 | D | Brian Raubenheimer | WD | | | | | | | | | | 0 | NC |
# Lotus 21

The Lotus 21 was a Formula One racing car designed by Colin Chapman. It was a mid-engined design using a tubular spaceframe structure skinned with fibreglass panels, of a more advanced build than seen in the Lotus 18. Powered by the 1.5-litre Coventry Climax FPF 4-cylinder engine, it used disc brakes all round.
Used by the works Lotus team and the privateer Rob Walker Racing Team in 1961, the 21 was the first works Lotus to win a Formula One Grand Prix, in the hands of Innes Ireland at the 1961 United States Grand Prix. (Previous victories were taken by Rob Walker's team). Customer teams continued to use it up to 1965. It was soon rendered obsolete by the Lotus 24 and the monocoque Lotus 25 introduced for the 1962 Formula One season.

## Scale models and die cast

* Meccano Dinky Toys; No. 241 (production 1963–1969), approximately O scale (1:44).

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyre | Driver(s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Points | WCC |
| 1961 | Team Lotus | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | | | 32$^1$ | 2nd |
| 1961 | Team Lotus | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Jim Clark | 10 | 3$^F$ | 12 | 3 | Ret | 4 | Ret | 7 | | | 32$^1$ | 2nd |
| 1961 | Team Lotus | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Innes Ireland | DNS | | Ret | 4 | 10 | NC | | 1 | | | 32$^1$ | 2nd |
| 1961 | R.R.C. Walker Racing Team | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Stirling Moss | | | | | | | Ret | | | | 32$^1$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Ecurie Nationale Suisse | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | | NED | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | RSA | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Ecurie Nationale Suisse | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Jo Siffert | | DNQ | | | | | | | | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Ecurie Filipinetti | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Jo Siffert | | | 10 | | | 12 | | | | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Jim Hall | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Jim Hall | | | | | | | | DNS | | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Ernie Pieterse | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Ernie Pieterse | | | | | | | | | 10 | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1962 | Neville Lederle | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Neville Lederle | | | | | | | | | 6 | | 36 (38)$^2$ | 2nd |
| 1963 | Lawson Organisation | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | | NED | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | RSA | 54 (74)$^2$ | 1st |
| 1963 | Lawson Organisation | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Ernie Pieterse | | | | | | | | | | Ret | 54 (74)$^2$ | 1st |
| 1965 | Lawson Organisation | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | | RSA | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | 54 (58)$^2$ | 1st |
| 1965 | Lawson Organisation | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Ernie Pieterse | DNQ | | | | | | | | | | 54 (58)$^2$ | 1st |
| 1965 | Scuderia Scribante | Climax FPF 1.5 L4 | D | Neville Lederle | DNQ | | | | | | | | | | 54 (58)$^2$ | 1st |
$^1$ 17 points were scored using the Lotus 21, the other 15 points were scored using other Lotus models $^2$ All points were scored using other Lotus models
# Tuxedo Park, Colorado

Tuxedo Park is a flat in Rocky Mountain National Park and Larimer County, Colorado at 7,950 feet (2,420 m) in elevation.
# Peter Stent

Peter Stent (c. 1613–1665) was a seventeenth-century London printseller, who from the early 1640s until his death ran one of the biggest printmaking businesses of the day.
Stent originally was an engraver himself. Edward Calver wrote verses to a set of Stent's plates from 1635. He then sold works of other artists, such as John Dunstall, John Fillian, Richard Gaywood, and George Glover. He also recycled plates he had acquired, in new printings: for example of the penmanship of Martin Billingsley, by George Gifford, from Sir Robert Peake and Thomas Rowlett via Thomas Hinde.
Stent died in the Great Plague of London. His business was taken over by John Overton.
# To All My Friends on Shore

To All My Friends On Shore is a 1972 television film drama starring Bill Cosby, and co-starring Gloria Foster. Cosby not only starred in the film, but produced it and worked on the film's music. Writer Allan Sloane won an Emmy for the screenplay .

## Plot

Blue works as a skycap for an airport. At the same time he works a second job as a junk scavenger. His wife Serena works as a maid and is going to school trying to become a nurse. Blue is busy working trying to save money to buy his family a house so they can leave the projects. His young son, Vandy, resents him because he won't let him have any fun like his friends. It is eventually discovered that Vandy has sickle cell anemia. It is then that Blue realizes what he should spend his time on - being with his family.

## Cast

* Bill Cosby....Blue
* Gloria Foster....Serena Blue
* Dennis Hines....Evander "Vandy" Blue Jr.
# Orazio Marucchi

Orazio Marucchi (1852 - January 1931, Rome) was an Italian archaeologist and author of the Manual of Christian Archaeology. He served as Professor of Christian Archaeology at the University of Rome and director of the Christian and Egyptian museums at the Vatican Museums. He was also a member of the Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology and was a scrittore of the Vatican Library.
# Opisthotropis

Opisthotropis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is native to Southeast Asia and South China.

## Species

The genus Opisthotropis contains the following 25 species which are recognized as being valid, listed alphabetically by scientific name.
* Opisthotropis alcalai W. Brown & Leviton, 1961 – Gary's mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis andersonii (Boulenger, 1888) – Anderson's stream snake
* Opisthotropis atra Günther, 1872
* Opisthotropis cheni Zhao, 1999
* Opisthotropis cucae David, Pham, T.Q. Nguyen & T. Ziegler, 2011 (found in Kontum, Vietnam) – Cuc's mountain snake
* Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky & Murphy, 1998 – Tien's mountain stream snake
* Opisthotropis durandi Teynié, Lottier, David, T.Q. Nguyen & G. Vogel, 2014 – Durand's mountain stream snake
* Opisthotropis guangxiensis Zhao, Y.-M. Jiang & Huang, 1978 – Guangxi mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis haihaensis T. Ziegler, Pham, T.V. Nguyen, T.Q. Nguyen, J. Wang, Y.-Y. Wang, Stuart & Le, 2019 – Hai Ha mountain stream keelback
* Opisthotropis hungtai J. Wang, Lyu, Zeng, Lin, Yang, T.Q. Nguyen, Le, T. Ziegler & Y.-Y. Wang, 2020 – Hung-Ta Chang's mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933 – Chapa mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis kikuzatoi (Okada & Takara, 1958) – Kikuzato's brook snake
* Opisthotropis kuatunensis Pope, 1928 – Chinese mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis lateralis Boulenger, 1903 – Tonkin mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis latouchii (Boulenger, 1899) – Sichuan mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis laui Yang, Sung & Chan, 2013 - Lau's mountain stream snake
* Opisthotropis maculosa Stuart & Chuaynkern, 2007 – yellow-spotted mountain stream snake
* Opisthotropis maxwelli Boulenger, 1914 – Maxwell's mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis rugosa (Lidth de Jeude, 1890) – Sumatran stream snake
* Opisthotropis shenzhenensis Y.-Y. Wang, Q. Guo, Liu, Lyu, J. Wang, Luo, Sun & Zhang, 2017 – Shenzhen mountain stream snake
* Opisthotropis spenceri M.A. Smith, 1918 – Spencer’s stream snake or Smith's mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis tamdaoensis T. Ziegler, David & Vu, 2008
* Opisthotropis typica (Mocquard, 1890) – olive mountain keelback
* Opisthotropis voquyi T. Ziegler, David, T.N. Ziegler, Pham, T.Q. Nguyen & Le, 2018 – Vo Quy's mountain stream keelback
* Opisthotropis zhaoermii Ren, K. Wang, K. Jiang, P. Guo & Li, 2017 – Zhao's mountain stream snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Opisthotropis.
# Opisthotropis atra

Opisthotropis atra is a species of natricine snake.
# Timeline of the Irish Republican Army

This is a timeline of the history of the Irish Republican Army.
Note: Articles prior to 1916 refer to armed nationalist movements that predated and presaged the foundation of the Irish Republican Army in 1913 – organizations such as the Fenian Brotherhood, Clan na Gael and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. All claims to use the title after 1922 (when the Anglo-Irish Treaty ended the War of Independence) are formally disputed, despite widespread usage in practice. There is a further dispute regarding the 1969 split between the "Official" IRA and the (subsequently dominant) splinter groups the Provisional IRA and Irish National Liberation Army, again despite widespread usage in practice.
    see also Chronology of the Irish War of Independence 1919-21, Chronology of the Irish Civil War 1922-23, Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), Chronology of Provisional IRA actions 1969-present
* 1900s: 1900 - 1901 - 1902 - 1903 - 1904 - 1905 - 1906 - 1907 - 1908 - 1909
* 1910s: 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 - 1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 - 1918 - 1919
* 1920s: 1920 - 1921 - 1922 - 1923 - 1924 - 1925 - 1926 - 1927 - 1928 - 1929
* 1930s: 1930 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933 - 1934 - 1935 - 1936 - 1937 - 1938 - 1939
* 1940s: 1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 - 1944 - 1945 - 1946 - 1947 - 1948 - 1949
* 1950s: 1950 - 1951 - 1952 - 1953 - 1954 - 1955 - 1956 - 1957 - 1958 - 1959
* 1960s: 1960 - 1961 - 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969
* 1970s: 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 - 1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 - 1978 - 1979
* 1980s: 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989
* 1990s: 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999
* 2000s: 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009
* 2010s: 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019
* 2020s: 2020