OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Unit of observation

In statistics, a unit of observation is the unit described by the data that one analyzes. A study may treat groups as a unit of observation with a country as the unit of analysis, drawing conclusions on group characteristics from data collected at the national level. For example, in a study of the demand for money, the unit of observation might be chosen as the individual, with different observations (data points) for a given point in time differing as to which individual they refer to; or the unit of observation might be the country, with different observations differing only in regard to the country they refer to.

## Unit of observation vs unit of analysis

The unit of observation should not be confused with the unit of analysis. A study may have a differing unit of observation and unit of analysis: for example, in community research, the research design may collect data at the individual level of observation but the level of analysis might be at the neighborhood level, drawing conclusions on neighborhood characteristics from data collected from individuals. Together, the unit of observation and the level of analysis define the population of a research enterprise.

## Data point

A data point or observation is a set of one or more measurements on a single member of the unit of observation. For example, in a study of the determinants of money demand with the unit of observation being the individual, a data point might be the values of income, wealth, age of individual, and number of dependents. Statistical inference about the population would be conducted using a statistical sample consisting of various such data points.
In addition, in statistical graphics, a "data point" may be an individual item with a statistical display; such points may relate to either a single member of a population or to a summary statistic calculated for a given subpopulation.

## Types of data

The measurements contained in a unit of observation are formally typed, where here type is used in a way compatible with datatype in computing; so that the type of measurement can specify whether the measurement results in a Boolean value from {yes, no}, an integer or real number, the identity of some category, or some vector or array.
The implication of point is often that the data may be plotted in a graphic display, but in many cases the data are processed numerically before that is done. In the context of statistical graphics, measured values for individuals or summary statistics for different subpopulations are displayed as separate symbols within a display; since such symbols can differ by shape, size and colour, a single data point within a display can convey multiple aspects of the set of measurements for an individual or subpopulation.
# Peuo Tuy

Peuo Tuy is a spoken word poet, creative workshop instructor, and community organizer. Her poetry collection, Khmer Girl (2014), is inspired by the traumas of her life, including her family escaping the killing fields of their native Cambodia and enduring the inequities of life as immigrants in the United States. Peuo is one of the founding members and the Executive Director of the new Cambodian American Literary Arts Association, a non-profit literary arts association dedicated to the cultivation, visibility, and freedom of expression of emerging and established writers in the Cambodian diaspora.
Her work has appeared in Art Papers (2016) and WHYY (2017), a Philadelphia news media. She has also been featured in video projects such as The New School’s "Futurographies: Cambodia-USA-France (2016), Northern Monday Films (2017), Urbintel (2005), and 30ToLifeProductions (2016).
Peuo Tuy has appeared at Harvard Law School, Massachusetts State House, The Big Read/Miami Book Fair, the 2017 Minnesota Fringe Festival, New York Foundation for the Arts, Nuyorican Poets Cafe, St. Cloud University, University of Minnesota, Patrick’s Caberet, Bowery Poetry Club, Harlem Book Fair, and Minnesota Cambodian Communities Council, as well as various junior high schools and high schools in the east coast. She recently announced her forthcoming book of poetry entitled, Neon Light Brights
# Muur Classic Geraardsbergen

The Muur Classic Geraardsbergen is a one-day road cycling race held annually in Geraardsbergen, Belgium since 2023. It is rated as a 1.1 category event on the UCI Europe Tour, having upgraded from 1.2 status in 2024.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2023 | Italy | Filippo Magli | Green Project–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè |
| 2024 | Belgium | Jenno Berckmoes | Lotto–Dstny |
# Tres (Álvaro Torres album)

Tres (Three) is the seventh studio album by Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres, released on 1985 through Fonovisa Records. It was produced by produced by Enrique Elizondo and it was recorded in George Tobin Studios, North Hollywood, CA.
The album was a success in Latin America and was his first album to chart in the United States, peaking at number 4 in May 1986, on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. The single "Mi Amor Por Ti" interpreted along with Mexican singer Marisela, became the biggest hit from this album. Also "De Punta a Punta" and "Tres" obtained a huge recognition all across Latin America and United States.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Álvaro Torres

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tres liner notes.
Vocals
* Álvaro Torres – lead vocals
* Marisela – lead vocals
Musicians
* David White – arrangements
Production
* Enrique Elizondo – production
* Alan Hirshberg – engineering
Recording
* Recorded at George Tobin Studios, North Hollywood, CA

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Latin Pop Albums (Billboard) | 4 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Latin Pop Albums (Billboard) | 15 |
# Esternay

Esternay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France. Its sister city is Chatham, New Jersey.
# Trafalgar, Victoria

Trafalgar is a town in the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. The town lies on the Princes Highway and main Gippsland railway line about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Moe. The town backs onto the foothills of the Strzelecki Ranges to the south. The township sits at approximately 70 metres above sea level. At the 2016 census, Trafalgar had a population of 3,912. The town is named in honour of the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805, which established the Royal Navy's supremacy at sea; allowing consolidation of Britain's Australian colonies at the time.
Trafalgar Post Office opened on 2 June 1879.
Trafalgar was noted for having a cheese factory producing award-winning cheeses. The factory was owned by Petersville from 1960 until its closure in 1990.
The town has a railway station on the Bairnsdale railway line. It also has a swimming pool, tennis courts, Scouts hall, Uniting church and town hall.

## Education

Trafalgar is serviced by a number of schools:
* Trafalgar Primary School
* St Josephs School (Primary)
* Trafalgar High School

## Sport

Trafalgar has an Australian Rules football team, The Bloods, which competes in the Mid Gippsland Football League. In their distinctive colours of blood red with white stripes, The Bloods have had great success since joining the league in 1969, winning over 100 premierships, their latest being in 2017 when they defeated Newborough by 69 points.
Golfers play at the course of the Trafalgar Golf Club on Gibsons Road - a beautifully crafted course in a rural setting, often listed by golfing magazines as one of the best in Australia.
Trafalgar has a lawn bowling club, the Trafalgar Bowls Club with a synthetic green and a grass green, situated in Seven Mile Road. The Club officially opened in September, 1915.
Warragul Radio stations Triple M Gippsland and 3GG also service this region.

## Notable people

* Judy Hall, local musician and piano teacher in Gippsland for over 70 years.
* Tim Forsyth, Olympic highjumper, attended Trafalgar High School
* Harold Mitchell, Melbourne based media tycoon and philanthropist
* Bill Collins, race-caller
# Niombripo

Niombripo is a village in the Iolonioro Department of Bougouriba Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 230 as of 2005.
# Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center

The Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center is a state maximum-security diagnostic prison for men located in Fulton, Callaway County, Missouri, USA, owned and operated by the Missouri Department of Corrections.
# Pacific Motorway

Pacific Motorway may refer to:
* Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads), Pacific Motorway from Brisbane, Queensland, to Brunswick Heads in northern NSW
* Pacific Motorway (Sydney–Newcastle), Pacific Motorway from Sydney to Newcastle
# Peumo

Peumo is a Chilean city and commune in Cachapoal Province, O'Higgins Region. It is believed that Peumo was named for the vast amount of Cryptocarya alba, or Peumo trees, that grow there.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Peumo spans an area of 153.1 km$^2$ (59 sq mi) and has 13,948 inhabitants (7,128 men and 6,820 women). Of these, 7,628 (54.7%) lived in urban areas and 6,320 (45.3%) in rural areas. The population grew by 8.6% (1,105 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

## Administration

As a commune, Peumo is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The current alcalde is Carlos Aliaga.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Peumo is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Alejandra Sepúlveda (PRI) and Javier Macaya (UDI) as part of the 34th electoral district, together with San Fernando, Chimbarongo, San Vicente, Pichidegua and Las Cabras. The commune is represented in the Senate by Andrés Chadwick Piñera (UDI) and Juan Pablo Letelier Morel (PS) as part of the 9th senatorial constituency (O'Higgins Region).
# Michigan Public Transit Association

The Michigan Public Transit Association (MPTA) is a non-profit statewide association incorporated in 1977 under Section 501(c)6 of the Internal Revenue Code. First organized in 1974, the membership ranges from the largest urban public transit system providers in Michigan to a majority of the smaller rural demand-response systems. Geographically, MPTA membership is distributed throughout the state, from southeast Michigan to the westernmost point of the Upper Peninsula.
MPTA offices have been located in East Lansing since October, 1999, close to Michigan State University and nearby the State Capitol. Much of MPTA's advocacy involves working closely with Michigan's Executive and Legislative branches and the Michigan Department of Transportation.
# Michael Humphreys

Michael Humphreys may refer to:
* Michael Humphreys (MP) (died 1626), MP for Dorchester, England
* Michael Conner Humphreys (born 1985), American actor
* Mike Humphreys (born 1967), American Major League Baseball player
# Frea latevittata

Frea latevittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.
# Estermann measure

In plane geometry the Estermann measure is a number defined for any bounded convex set describing how close to being centrally symmetric it is. It is the ratio of areas between the given set and its smallest centrally symmetric convex superset. It is one for a set that is centrally symmetric, and less than one for sets whose closure is not centrally symmetric. It is invariant under affine transformations of the plane.

## Properties

If $c$ is the center of symmetry of the smallest centrally-symmetric set containing a given convex body $K$, then the centrally-symmetric set itself is the convex hull of the union of $K$ with its reflection across $c$.

## Minimizers

The shapes of minimum Estermann measure are the triangles, for which this measure is 1/2. The curve of constant width with the smallest possible Estermann measure is the Reuleaux triangle.

## History

The Estermann measure is named after Theodor Estermann, who first proved in 1928 that this measure is always at least 1/2, and that a convex set with Estermann measure 1/2 must be a triangle. Subsequent proofs were given by Friedrich Wilhelm Levi, by István Fáry, and by Isaak Yaglom and Vladimir Boltyansky.
# Flins-sur-Seine

Flins-sur-Seine (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.
# Treace Medical Concepts

Treace Medical Concepts, Inc. is a medical device company, headquartered in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, specializing in the design, manufacture, and marketing of foot and ankle surgical devices and biologics. Lapiplasty, Treace’s novel primary surgical product, advanced the treatment of bunions, surgically correcting the metatarsal bone, for the first time, in all three dimensions.
In March 2021, Treace announced its intent to launch an initial public offering. Trading on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “TMCI”, Treace opened its IPO in April 2021.

## History

In mid-2014, John T. Treace invited a number of orthopaedic surgeon designers to Memphis, Tennessee, tasking them to identify the most problematic area of foot and ankle surgery. Each of the five physicians in the group identified the same condition as their top concern, bunions, due to the unreliable nature of traditional lapidus procedures with prolonged recovery times, frequent complications, residual pain, and high rates of recurrence, resulting in an excessively high number of dissatisfied patients.
Several years of research, dating as far back as 1956, combined with new evidence gathered from the introduction of weight-bearing CT capabilities, demonstrated that approximately 85% of bunions involved pronation of the metatarsal in the frontal plane. At the time, however, surgical procedures corrected bunions in the transverse and sagittal planes only, ignoring the abnormal metatarsal pronation. The failure to position the metatarsal into proper frontal plane alignment left the sesamoid position and MTP joint surfaces misaligned, with the joint ultimately remaining non-congruent and with increased stress, resulting in a rate of recurrence as high as 30–50%.
The first Lapidus surgery and instruments to surgically treat bunion abnormalities in all three planes would then be developed by Treace's surgeon advisory group, ultimately leading to the creation of the company’s novel surgical product, Lapiplasty.

### Initial public offering

On March 30, 2021, Treace filed a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, advising of its intent to launch an initial public offering of an unknown number of shares, in an attempt to raise up to $100 million in the capital. On April 22, 2021, Treace announced it would upscale its IPO to 11,250,000 aggregate shares, expected to trade under the ticker symbol “TMCI”, at a public offering price of $17.00 per share, with gross proceeds expected to total $106.3 million.
On April 23, 2021, Treace opened its IPO on the Nasdaq 44% higher than anticipated, trading at a price of $24.50 per share.
# École secondaire du Versant

École secondaire du Versant (English: du Versant Secondary School) is a public secondary school located in Gatineau, Quebec. It is located on Boulevard de la Cité at the corner of Boulevard La Verendrye in the Gatineau sector and is operated by the Commission Scolaire des Draveurs school board.
The school is the most recent Francophone high school built in the city. The move was to reduce over-population at other Gatineau sector schools, particularly at the Polyvalente Le Carrefour located a few minutes south and Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau located a few minutes to the east. The school board chose large vacant land currently under development near the Gatineau Hospital to build the new high school and opened on November 12, 2002, with initially 825 students. Initially, students from du Versant started the 2002–2003 school year at the Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau before moving to their new location. The current student enrollment is approximately 1,200 students and the school has a capacity of about 1,500 students.

## Logo and name designation

The name of the school was chosen following a contest involving the population within the Commission Scolaire des Draveurs jurisdiction territory (the Gatineau sector) in which they suggested different names for the new school. The suggestion "du Versant" from a Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau Secondary 4 student was chosen for geographical reasons as the school's location on a steep cliff gives a great view of most of the city of Gatineau and Ottawa just across the Ottawa River.
The school's logo was designed by a computer graphics student at the Centre Competences-Outaouais, a vocational school in Gatineau.

## Information

* The Le Transit program is a measure helping students with formation and academic problems.
* Santé Plein Air and Arts de la Rue are two concentration programs for high-skilled students.
* Due to the proximity of the school to a large artery, there were safety concerns due to the high speed limit of 70 km/H. It was reduced to 50 km/H, with school signs and traffic lights added eight months after its opening. Temporary lights were installed for a certain period
* Each December, there is an annual dinner organized by the city's media community including members of CHOT-DT television station. Proceeds from the event go to local charities across the Outaouais region.
* Each April, the school organizes a homelessness night in which students build cardboard houses to sleep outside for one night to increase awareness of poverty and homelessness.
# Fulton McGrath

Fulton "Fidgy" McGrath (December 6, 1907 – January 1, 1958) was an American jazz pianist and songwriter.
McGrath played with Red Nichols early in the 1930s, then joined the band of The Dorsey Brothers, in addition to working extensively as a studio musician and in radio orchestras. From 1935-37 McGrath played in Lennie Hayton's radio ensemble, then played later in the decade with Bunny Berigan, Joe Venuti, and Chauncey Morehouse. After spending time in an NBC orchestra, he moved to the West Coast around 1943, where he worked on film soundtracks in Hollywood.
McGrath was the father-in-law of Victor Feldman. His compositions include "Shim Sham Shimmy" and "Mandy Is Two", the latter of which was recorded by Billie Holiday.
# Opium Den

Opium Den may refer to:
* Opium den, an establishment, common in the 19th century, where opium was sold and smoked
* Opium Den (band), a 1990s American gothic rock band
* The Opium Den, a 1947 Italian crime film
# Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin

Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin (aka Kränzlin; 25 July 1847 – 9 March 1934) was a botanist associated with the Natural History Museum (BM).
In the history of the European study of South African orchids, Friedrich "Fritz" Kraenzlin (Kränzlin) appears after Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach describing many new orchids in the region, and revising some of the genera. His book Orchidacearum Genera et Species was never finished, but the volume containing the Habenaria, Disa, and Disperis genera was completed in 1901.

## Publications

* Reichenbach, H. G. & Kraenzlin, W. L.: Xenia Orchidacea. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orchideen
* Pfitzer, Ernst Hugo Heinrich; Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1907). Orchidaceae Monandrae - Coelogyninae. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008. Courtesy of the Botanical Garden Real, Spain - Digital Library
* Pfitzer, Ernst Hugo Heinrich; Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1907). Orchidaceae Monandrae - Thelasinae. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008. Courtesy of the Botanical Garden Real, Spain - Digital Library
* Kraenzlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig. Das Pflanzenreich. Regni vegetabilis conspectus. Im Auftrage der Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften / herausgegeben von A. Engler ; [Heft 83] IV. 50. Orchidaceae-Monandrae-Pseudomonopodiales mit 101 Einzelbildern in 5 Figuren / von Fr. Kränzlin. Leipzig : Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann (Druck von Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig).
# Trevor Rhodes (footballer, born 1948)

Trevor Charles Rhodes (born 9 August 1948) is an English former professional footballer. Rhodes, who played as a defender, featured for Arsenal, Millwall & Bristol City in his career.
# Micah P. Hinson and the Opera Circuit

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Almost Cool | (6.75/10) link |
| Austin Chronicle | link |
| Being There Magazine | link |
| The Guardian | link |
| The Observer | link |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.4/10) link |
| Prefix Magazine | (8.0/10) link |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | link |
Micah P. Hinson and the Opera Circuit is an album by Micah P. Hinson, released in 2006.

## Track listing

* "Seems Almost Impossible" (Hinson) – 3:40
* "Diggin a Grave" (Hinson) – 2:07
* "Jackeyed" (Hinson) – 3:45
* "It's Been So Long" (Hinson) – 3:02
* "Drift Off to Sleep" (Hinson) – 4:35
* "Letter From Huntsville" (Hinson) – 1:54
* "She Don't Own Me" (Hinson) – 5:40
* "My Time Wasted" (Hinson) – 2:13
* "Little Boys Dream" (Hinson) – 4:21
* "You're Only Lonely" (Hinson) – 5:40
* "Don't Leave Me Now!" (Hinson) – 5:25

## Personnel

* Micah P. Hinson – Acoustic, Electric, Slide and Bass Guitar, Vocals, Banjo, Mandolin, Percussion, Accordion, Organ and Piano
* Charles Lee – Cello
* Nick Phelps – Banjo and Sitar
* H. DaMassa – Harmonica
* Jason Parker – Trumpet
* Chris Holt – Electric and Acoustic Guitar and Fender Rhodes
* Tom Hagerman – Violin and Viola
* Robert Partin – Accordion
* Luke "Dick Burns" Senter – Trap Kit
* Robert F. Johnson – Vocals
* Nathan Sudders – Guitar (Bass)
* Kenton Asche – Trombone
* Jason Kellett – Trap Kit
* Eric Bachmann – Saxophone String and Horn Arrangements
* Micah P. Hinson – Arranger, Producer, Engineer, Sampling, Coordination and Photography
* Tommy Bridwell – Mixing
* Tom Knott – Mixing
* Jeff Holbert – Mixing
* Noel Summerville – Mastering
* Ms. Emily Rupp – Writer
* Madamoiselle Antoinette – Model
* This 2000s indie rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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