OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Takuma Tanada

Takuma Akuma Tanada (October 30, 1919 – January 4, 2018) was an American plant biologist who made several discoveries related to the effects of light radiation on plants, including his discovery of the Tanada effect. He conducted research at the United States Department of Agriculture and in 2011 was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his assistance to the U.S. military in World War II.
Tanada's was born in Hawaii in 1919 to Japanese immigrants. Tanada attended the University of Hawaii studying Botany, and received a B.S. in 1942, and a M.S. in 1944. Tanada and his brother Shigeo volunteered for the Army. Tanada said he was rejected when he initially tried to join the military after the attack on Pearl Harbor, but was drafted later in part due to being fluent in Japanese. He enlisted on June 21, 1944. He translated top-secret Japanese communications for the Military Intelligence Service and was promoted to technical sergeant.
After World War II ended, Tanada became an administrator to import and manufacture fertilizer. Tanada was assigned to the United States Department of Agriculture, where he published works related to the effects of red and far-red light on plant roots. The photomorphogenic processes he discovered in relation to light spectrum on plant root adhesion became known as the Tanada effect. He later discovered that the electric charge causing roots to stick to glass is generated by the trace element boron.
Tanada married Toshiyo Shimizu on February 21, 1947 in Yokohama, Japan.
Tanada retired to Napa with his wife in 1983 to be close to Juliet Tanada, their daughter, an optometry teacher at Berkeley. His wife died in 1986. In retirement Tanada was still growing a large fruit and vegetable garden in Browns Valley. He died in January 2018 at the age of 98.

## Key publications

* Tanada, T. (1968). "A rapid photoreversible response of barley root tips in the presence of 3-indoleacetic Acid". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 59 (2): 376–380. Bibcode:1968PNAS...59..376T. doi:10.1073/pnas.59.2.376. PMC 224682. PMID 16591610.
* Tanada, T. (1968). "Substances essential for a red, far-red light reversible attachment of mung bean root tips to glass". Plant Physiology. 43 (12): 2070–2071. doi:10.1104/pp.43.12.2070. PMC 1087129. PMID 16657012.
* Tanada, T. (1972). "Phytochrome Control of Another Phytochrome-mediated Process". Plant Physiology. 49 (4): 560–562. doi:10.1104/pp.49.4.560. PMC 366005. PMID 16658001.
* Tanada, T. (1974). "Boron-induced Bioelectric Field Change in Mung Bean Hypocotyl". Plant Physiology. 53 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1104/pp.53.5.775. PMC 541444. PMID 16658788.
# Sriramanagar

Sriramanagar is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gangawati taluk of Koppal district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Sriramanagar had a population of 8864 with 4446 males and 4418 females.
# Lord of the Jungle

Lord of the Jungle may refer to:
* Lord of the Jungle (film), a 1955 American film in the Bomba, the Jungle Boy series
* Lord of the Jungle (Dynamite), a Dynamite Entertainment comic book based on public domain Tarzan novels
* Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (novel), a Tarzan novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs
* Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle, a Saturday morning cartoon by Filmation
# Kumaramangalam

Kumaramangalam is a village in Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu state in India.
Kumaramangalam is an ancient village near Tiruchengodu, located on a busy state highway between Erode and Namakkal. It houses many engineering, Arts and nursing colleges. In the heart of the city there is a centuries-old Paandeeswaran temple with a huge stone made pond. Kumaramangalam is a traditional Tamil village where there are numerous temples and people lives with culture and harmony. One of the pre independence chief minister of Madras presidency and freedom fighter Dr. P Subbarayan is from Kumaramangalam.

## History

We could able to back trace the history of Kumaramangalam only from the 17th century; during that time it was under the rule of Mysore Empire. The well-known Zamin of Kumaramangalam Nanjayya, who built the Kalingarayan dam on the Bhavani river and check dam near Poolampatty near Kumarapalayam, are still serving the people in this area. He constructed a Manimandapam on the Thiruchengodu Hill for Ardhanareeswarar devotees. He did all these activities under the Mughal emperors of Mysore. During that time Kumaramangalam was a well-known Zamin at the kingdom of Mysore.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kumaramangalam had a population of 14824 with 7482 males and 7342 females. Most of the people were belongs to Kongu Vellalar and Sengunthar Mudaliar community. The pincode for Kumaramangalam, Namakkal district is 637205.

## Business

Agriculture and Textiles are the main business. Total population is distributed among weavers, farmers and agricultural labors. Power looms or Auto looms plays a major role in the Kumaramangalam's economy. There is a weekly market (Sandhai) operates every Tuesday near Paandeeswaran temple where all the farmers and local vendors of nearby villages sell their commodities to the people.

## Transportation

Bus
As it is located at the very busy highway, there is a round-the-clock bus facility connecting Kumaramangalam with the nearby towns. There are express buses operated via Kumaramangalam to cities like Trichy, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Omalur, Sankagiri, Duraiyur etc. There are local buses and mini buses operated from Kumaramagalam to Thiruchengodu, Kandampalayam and Kolaram which serves all the nearby villages.
Train
Nearest railway station is Shankaragiri, which is just 10 km away from Kumaramangalam.
Air
Salem Airport is the nearest airport for Kumaramangalam; it is a 90-minute drive from there. Coimbatore and Trichy are the other airports nearer to Kumaramagalam.
# Manchester Regional Arena

Manchester Regional Arena is a multipurpose stadium in Manchester, England, primarily used for athletics, football and rugby league.

## History

It was originally developed as the warm-up track for the 2002 Commonwealth Games held at the adjacent City of Manchester Stadium. It has hosted the AAA Championships and Paralympic World Cup, and was the reserve home ground of the Manchester City reserve team prior to moving to Ewen Fields in June 2010. It also served as the home of the Manchester City Ladies' side until their move to the adjacent Academy Stadium in the Etihad Campus in 2014.
With both Manchester City teams moving out of the ground by the beginning of 2015, their tenure was replaced by amateur rugby league side Manchester Rangers.
# 1799 in India

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1799 in India.

## Events

* National income - ₹11,245 million
* Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
* Storming of Seringapatam and death of Tipu Sahib.
* The Nizam of Hyderabad accepts a permanent alliance with the British.
* On 25 October 1799, Serfoji II of Thanjavur cedes the State of Thanjavur to the East India Company, receiving in return an annual income of a lakh of Pagodas.
# Karaiya

Karaiya may refer to:
* Karaiya, Lumbini, Nepal
* Karaiya, Narayani, Nepal
# Leaf River (Mississippi)

The Leaf River is a river, about 180 mi (290 km) long, in southern Mississippi in the United States. It is a principal tributary of the Pascagoula River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico.

## Course

The Leaf River rises in the Bienville National Forest in southwestern Scott County and flows initially southward through eastern Smith, northeastern Covington, western Jones and northern Forrest Counties to Hattiesburg, where it collects the Bouie River. Below Hattiesburg, the river turns southeastward and flows through central Perry county, where it collects the Tallahala Creek and Bogue Homo, and southwestern Greene County, skirting the edge of the De Soto National Forest, into northern George County, where it joins the Chickasawhay River to form the Pascagoula River just upstream from the Merrill bridge.

## History

The Leaf River served as a trade route in the area before roads and trails were widely developed. It is recorded that traders made regular trips to people living near the river bringing with them supplies from Pascagoula. Legend says that one of these traders buried his profits, several thousand dollars in Spanish coins, near the banks of the Leaf River. The coins were later found in about 1854.

## Alleged pollution

While the upper stretches of the river enjoy an excellent reputation, the lower river has been the subject of claims of pollution since the 1990s. At that time, thousands of area residents filed suit against the Georgia-Pacific Corporation, claiming that its pulp mill released the dangerous chemicals, dioxins, into the river. In 1996, these suits were dismissed when the courts decided that there was no scientific proof that dangerous dioxin levels were present in the river or that Georgia-Pacific was negligent.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Leaf River has also been known as:
* Estapacha River
* Estopacha River
* Fiume
* Hashuphatchee River
* Hastabucha River
* Hastehatchee River
* Leaf Creek
* Pescaooula River (in part)
* Slapacha River
* Tallahoma River (in part)
* Tally Hooma Creek (in part)
# Tremedal de Tormes

Tremedal de Tormes is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 44 inhabitants.
# Mandalawangi

Mandalawangi is a village and an administrative district (kecamatan) located in the northeast corner of Pandeglang Regency in Banten Province on Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 80.19 km$^2$ and had a population of 46,805 at the 2010 Census and 55,287 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 57,028. The administrative centre is in Cikoneng village.

## Communities

Mandalawangi District is sub-divided into fifteen rural villages (desa), all sharing the postcode 42261. These are listed below with their areas and their officially-estimated populations as at mid 2022.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of desa | Area in km$^2$ | Population mid 2022 estimate |
| 36.01.17.2001 | Pandat | 3.53 | 4,852 |
| 36.01.17.2002 | Cikoneng | 3.49 | 4,956 |
| 36.01.17.2003 | Nembol | 3.20 | 4,910 |
| 36.01.17.2004 | Kurungkambing | 3.10 | 2,854 |
| 36.01.17.2005 | Mandalawangi (village) | 2.97 | 4,015 |
| 36.01.17.2006 | Sinarjaya | 2.34 | 4,965 |
| 36.01.17.2007 | Sirnagalih | 3.09 | 3,819 |
| 36.01.17.2008 | Cikumbueun | 7.12 | 4,152 |
| 36.01.17.2009 | Ramea | 5.73 | 4,078 |
| 36.01.17.2010 | Gunungsari | 2.46 | 3,768 |
| 36.01.17.2011 | Panjangjaya | 3.90 | 3,242 |
| 36.01.17.2012 | Giripawana | 3.41 | 4,073 |
| 36.01.17.2013 | Mandalasari | 4.56 | 2,662 |
| 36.01.17.2014 | Curuglemo | 4.74 | 2,933 |
| 36.01.17.2015 | Pari | 2.20 | 4,013 |
| 36.01.17 | Totals | 55.84 | 59,292 $^{(a)}$ |
Notes: (a) comprising 30,398 males and 28,894 females.
# St. Joseph's Cathedral, Gulu

St. Joseph's Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Gulu, Gulu District, Uganda. It is the seat of Archbishop John Baptist Odama, head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu.

## History

Construction of the 5 000-seat cathedral, organized by the Comboni Missionary Brothers, was a massive effort. Brother Attilio Consolaro supervised the work from the beginning to the end, and in honor of this achievement, a street in Rome was named after him.
The work was started in the year 1931 and completed in 1941. The Brotherhood made and baked 800 000 bricks at the Oyitino River, from where Christians and Catechumens every Sunday after the Mass carried bricks on their heads to the site of building. The cathedral was consecrated on 13 June 1947, the Feast of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus.
On 24 December 1938, while the work was still in progress, the first two priests from the Northern Region were ordained: Rev. Frs John Oῃom and Donasyano Bala.
The remains of Bishops Angelo Negri and Cipriano Kihangire were laid to rest in this cathedral. In 1994 the original roof with iron sheets was replaced by a roof of copper.
On 6 February 1993, Pope John Paul II entered the cathedral to adore the Holy Eucharist as thousands of people turned up to see him.
In 2000, the original floor was replaced by a new one. The interior and the exterior were redecorated in 2000 and 2001. From its establishment, it was run by the Comboni Missionaries up to 2006. The first diocesan priest to be a pastor of this cathedral was Fr. Gaudensio Langol Olango from 2007 to 2008, when he died in a road accident along Gulu–Kampala Highway.
# Solehin Mamat

Ahmad Solehin bin Mamat (born 24 March 1996) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Immigration in the Malaysia M3 League.

## Club career
### Melaka United

On 3 November 2016, after an impressive season with Melaka United, the club has offered new contract to retain for another season. However, he left the club to Kuala Lumpur at the end of the season.

### Kuala Lumpur

On 29 November 2016, Solehin signed a one-year contract with Kuala Lumpur after won the 2016 Malaysia Premier League championship with Melaka United.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 12 September 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Melaka United | 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Melaka United | 2016 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Melaka United | Total | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Kuala Lumpur | 2017 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Kuala Lumpur | 2018 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Kuala Lumpur | Total | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Melaka United | 2019 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Melaka United | 2020 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Melaka United | 2021 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Melaka United | Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 22 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
# Soken tester

Soken tester - is a portable single yoke instrument for assessing the power loss in electrical steel laminations.
It has been developed for quick assessment of power loss in electrical steel sheet without the need for cutting and annealing, as it is the case for standardised methods like Epstein frame.
The power loss can be estimated at 1.0 T, 1.5 T and 1.7 T and two frequencies 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Lamination thickness can be set within a range from 0.01 mm to 0.99 mm and there is no option for selecting the material density.
The power loss is measured as a product of magnetic field and flux density. Both these signals are detected from the magnetising yoke, which is contained in an aluminium head (55 mm in diameter as shown in the photo). The flux density is measured from a secondary winding wound on the yoke. For that reason there is a great influence on the measured values, hence great care should be taken that the measuring head is placed on a clean and even sample. The measurement is based on similar principle as employed in the standardised single sheet tester.
The manufacturers of the instrument claim that its measurement uncertainty is lower than 5% (as referred to results from Epstein frame).
The Soken tester has been developed in the second half of 20th century initially as a relatively cheap and easy to use analogue device, but recently also digital devices are available.
# Senator Stockton

Senator Stockton may refer to:
* John P. Stockton (1826–1900), U.S. Senator from New Jersey
* Richard Stockton (U.S. senator) (1764–1828), U.S. Senator from New Jersey
* Robert F. Stockton (1795–1866), U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1851 to 1853
* Ruth Stockton (1916–1990), Colorado State Senate
# Kannur Lighthouse

The Kannur Lighthouse is located near the Payyambalam Beach, a few kilometers from Kannur town, in Kerala state, south India. It is adjacent to the Sea View Park and the Government Guest House. The lighthouse is still active and overlooks the Arabian Sea.
Cannanore is the old English name for the town named Kannur. The lighthouse at Kannur is still often referred to as the Cannanore lighthouse.

## History

Cannanore (now Kannur) was an important seaport under the 15th century rulers of North Malabar, the Kolathiris and the Arakkal Kingdom. The port had maritime links with the ports of Madras, Colombo, Tuticorin, Alleppey, Mangalore, Bombay and Karachi.
The Portuguese led by Vasco Da Gama first landed at Kappad beach in 1498. They built the St. Angelo Fort at Kannur in the early 16th century. Almost two centuries later, the region came under the control of the British, who established a cantonment at Cannanore in the 19th century.
In 1902, the Presidency Port Officer of Madras state government sanctioned an amount of Rs. 3430/- for the construction of a lighthouse tower atop the fort. This stone tower was commissioned in the year 1903, but at a later date the tower, along with a part of the fort, was taken away by the sea. After this only, a mast was installed inside the fort to hoist a lighthouse lantern.
In order to warn ships at sea of land, a system of hoisting a lantern with an oil wick lamp was introduced in 1843 by the British. A masonry pedestal was constructed in 1903 on the rampart of the fort and a double wick oil lamp inside the 4th order dioptric lens and lantern with arrangement for occultation was placed on this pedestal. The light was made available during fair seasons only, from September to May every year.
In 1924, some enhancements were made. The light was shifted in 1939 on to a 16-metre steel trestle erected on the northern bastion of the fort. The steel trestle can still be seen today at the fort.
The equipment was replaced by a flashing light with 10-second character running on DA gas in 1948. This light remained in operation till the new lighthouse tower was constructed at the present location during 1975–76.

## Today

Today, the light uses modern PRB-42 equipment with 6 volt, 30 watt Type 'C' sealed beam lamps, supplied by Messers J. Stone India, of Calcutta. The GI lantern house installed at the station is 2.4 meters in diameter and was fabricated at Cochin. The new lighthouse was commissioned into service on 25 July 1976.
On 31 May 2003, the 'C' type sealed beam lamps were replaced by 'D' type sealed beam lamps. Today the lighthouse lights up the skies every night, and offers a solitary light that can be seen from the Baby beach and as far as Payyambalam.

## Image gallery

* View from Inside
* View from the Top
# Dunalia

Dunalia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae.
Its native range is western and southern South America, and it is found in the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
The genus name of Dunalia is in honour of Michel Félix Dunal (1789–1856), a French botanist, the genus was published in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Vol.3 on page 55 in 1818.
Known species:
* Dunalia brachyacantha Miers
* Dunalia dombeyana (Dunal) J.F.Macbr.
* Dunalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Dammer
* Dunalia spathulata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.Braun & Asch.
* Dunalia spinosa (Meyen) Dammer
# Olimpiada Bodiu

Olimpiada Bodiu (1912–1971) was a Bessarabian activist and member of an anti-communist resistance group in the former Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

## Biography

Olimpiada (of Olimpia) Bodiu was born in Mîndrești village, then in Orhei County, Kingdom of Romania, now in Telenești District, Moldova. Between 1945–1950, she was a member of an anti-Soviet organization in Bessarabia, led by her husband Filimon Bodiu.
On November 16, 1950 Bodiu, together with her husband and their children, Ion and Iulia, were hiding in Mîndrești, in the house of Porfir Suruceanu, another member of the organization. They were tracked down by MGB troops, with the help of a former contact person from the group. The commander of the MGB unit demanded that they surrender. The Bodius refused, and a hopeless battle ensued. Filimon and Ion died in the shootout, but managed to cover Iulia's escape, whose father ordered her to flee. Olimpiada Bodiu, who fought armed with an automatic pistol, was seriously injured with three bullet wounds, and was arrested by the Soviet security troops.
After spending a few months to heal in an MGB facility, she was taken to Chișinău. Tried by a military tribunal together with other members of the Bodiu resistance group, she was sentenced on 8 June 1951 to 25 years hard labor. In 1954 her sentence was reduced to 15 years of detention, which she spent at the Dubravlag Gulag camp. After her release in 1965, Bodiu settled in Cîșla, Telenești, and died there in 1971.
# Takikawa sea cow

The Takikawa sea cow (Hydrodamalis spissa) is an extinct herbivorous marine mammal of the Late Pliocene which was closely related to the recently extinct Steller's sea cow (H. gigas). In 1988, fossils of sea cows were discovered in Hokkaido and were originally assigned to the Takikawa sea cow, a newly described species, even though this taxon is thought of by some scientists as a synonym of the Cuesta sea cow (H. cuestae). It is uncertain whether or not the Takikawa sea cow was simply a local variant of the Cuesta sea cow or a completely separate lineage. However, the Steller's sea cow and Takikawa sea cow share more morphological similarities than the Takikawa sea cow and Cuesta sea cow.
Relations within Hydrodamalinae :
Sirenia
†Dusisiren reinharti
†Dusisiren jordani
†Dusisiren dewana
†Dusisiren takasatensis
†Hydrodamalis cuestae
†Hydrodamalis spissa
†Hydrodamalis gigas :
Based on a 2004 study by Hitoshi Furusawa :
# St. Joseph's Cathedral, Guiyang

St. Joseph's Cathedral (simplified Chinese: 圣若瑟主教座堂; traditional Chinese: 聖若瑟主教座堂) also known as Guiyang North Church (贵阳北天主堂; 貴陽北天主堂) is a Catholic cathedral located in Guiyang, Guizhou, China, and it serves as the cathedral church for the Archdiocese of Guiyang.

## History

In 1696, the Holy See established the Apostolic Vicariate of Guizhou out of territory that formerly belonged to the Apostolic Vicariate of Fujian. Italian Jesuit missionary Carlo Giovanni Turcotti [no] was appointed as its bishop, however, he never entered Guiyang. He sent three French missionaries to evangelize in Guiyang. In 1708, he was succeeded by French Jesuit Claude de Visdelou as bishop. However, Visdelou was not able to enter Guizhou due to prohibitions against foreign missionaries created by the Kangxi Emperor. The neighbouring Apostolic Vicariate of Sichuan sent missionaries into Guizhou to evangelize. Upon Visdelou's death in 1737, the territory of the Apostolic Vicariate of Guizhou was merged into the Apostolic Vicariate of Sichuan.
Guizhou continued to be evangelized by missionaries from Sichuan during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1798, a small church was created by Lawrence Hu Shï-lu (胡世祿), a Sichuanese priest, for the Catholic community of about 100 people, however, this was later destroyed during the persecution under the Jiaqing Emperor in 1811.
In 1846, the Holy See established the Apostolic Vicariate of Guiyang out of the Apostolic Vicariate of Sichuan. French missionary Étienne-Raymond Albrand [zh] was appointed as its bishop. Albrand invoked the 1844 Treaty of Whampoa to demand that local authorities return the land of the former church. In 1850 a new church was built on this land and used as the seat of the bishop for the Vicariate. In 1874, the current structure of the cathedral was erected under the supervision of François-Eugène Lions [zh], Apostolic Vicar of Guizhou. It was destroyed by a fire in 1875 and rebuilt in 1876.
In 1946, the Apostolic Vicariate was transformed into the Archdiocese of Guiyang and St. Joseph's Cathedral served as its cathedral church.
In 1966, most religious sites in China were closed as a result of the Cultural Revolution, including the cathedral. In the following decades the structure suffered damage and fell into bad condition. In 2004, the cathedral was renovated and re-opened for mass two years later.