OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philotheca cuticularis

Philotheca cuticularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a rounded shrub with small, crowded leaves and small white flowers arranged singly on the ends of branchlets.

## Description

Philotheca cuticularis is a rounded shrub that grows to a height of 0.6 m (2 ft 0 in) and has glandular-warty branchlets. The leaves are crowded, more or less cylindrical, glandular-warty and 1.5–2 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long. The flowers are borne singly on the ends of the branchlets on a pedicel 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long. There are five sepals 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long and five elliptical, white petals about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long. The ten stamens are free from each other and hairy.

## Taxonomy and naming

Philotheca cuticularis was first formally described in 1998 by Paul Wilson in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected by the Rosemary Purdie in the Grey-Gowan Ranges in 1984.

## Distribution

This species of philotheca grows in shallow soil in the Gowan Range of southern Queensland.

## Conservation status

This species is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Upsilon Boötis

Upsilon Boötis (υ Boötis) is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Boötes. It is a fourth magnitude star that is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.38 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located about 263 light years from the Sun. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −6 km/s.
This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K5.5 III. Astroseismology was used to obtain a mass estimate of 1.11 times the mass of the Sun, while interferometric measurements give a size of about 38 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating about 332 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,920 K.
# Tupãzinho

Tupãzinho may refer to:
* Tupãzinho (footballer, 1939-1986) full name José Ernâni da Rosa, Brazilian football striker
* Tupãzinho (footballer, born 1968), full name Pedro Francisco Garcia, Brazilian football midfielder
# Upper Orashi Forest Reserve

Upper Urashi Forest Reserve is a nature reserve in Rivers State, Nigeria located along the upper reaches of the Urashi River, near the village of Ikodi in Ahoada West. The reserve covers an area of 25,165 ha (97.163 sq mi). It was designated a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on 30 April 2008.

## Climate

The climate of Upper Urashi is a Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification "Am"), characterized by a lengthy wet season from March to November and a short dry season from December to February. The average annual precipitation is 2510 millimetres (99 in), with the month of September being typically the wettest month of the year. The forest stays inundated from September to November by floodwaters of Urashi River, resulting in siltification and soil fertility augmentation.

## Flora

Originally established on 30 December 1899 with 9,696 hectares (37.44 sq mi), it includes a variety of habitat types such as tropical lowland rainforest, moorland, marshes and seasonal lakes. Among the tree species recorded in the reserve, are the Lophira alata, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Albizia adianthifolia and Hexalobus crispiflorus. The Hallea ledermannii, which is important for the forestry industry, is present in this forest, but has dropped significantly as a result of its extensive use. The oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis) and Musanga cecropioides are also found in the higher areas.

## Fauna

The reserve is a minor centre of endemism for sclater's guenon and endangered white-throated guenon, red colobus monkey and Heslop's pygmy hippopotamus. It also does provide a major roosting site for the grey parrot (Psittacus erithacas) and hosts a number of waterbird species whose distribution is confined to the Guinea-Congo Forests biome.
| Mammals Giant forest hog Green bush squirrel Pygmy hippopotamus | Reptiles Slender-snouted crocodile Birds Grey parrot Anambra waxbill Hartlaub's duck Congo serpent eagle Cassin's hawk-eagle Blue-headed dove Black-throated coucal black-casqued Hornbill Yellow-rumped tinkerbird Lesser honeyguide Gabon woodpecker Guinea turaco Dark-capped yellow warbler Grey-chinned sunbird White-breasted negrofinch |

## Conservation

The Upper Orashi Forest Reserve is administered by the Forestry Department of the Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture. It is classified as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) with the objective of sustainable multiple use of forest resources and scientific research, with emphasis on methods for sustainable exploitation of native forests.
# Halbert Marion Harris

Halbert Marion Harris (18 July 1900 – 18 August 2000) was an American entomologist who worked on the systematics of the American Nabidae and worked with the Ford Foundation in the development of entomology in India.
Harris was born in Cascilla, studied BSA at Mississippi A&M college in 1923 and joined the Iowa State College where he received an MS. He became the chairman of the department of zoology and entomology in 1946 at Iowa State and remained in position until 1964 when he took a position with the Ford Foundation in India. He became a visiting professor at the University of Agricultural Sciences in Bangalore where he developed a Ph.D. program. He was also a visiting professor at the Louisiana State University from 1972 to 1980.
While in Ohio he studied under Carl Drake and took an interest in the Nabidae, publishing a monograph of the family members in North America. He described a large number of species in the course of his career.
Harris married Katherine Day in 1927 and they had one son.
# Melanocichla

Melanocichla is a genus of birds in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.

## Taxonomy

The genus Melanocichla was introduced in 1883 by the English ornithologist Richard Bowdler Sharpe to accommodate a single species, the black laughingthrush, which is therefore the type species of the genus. The name combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" with kikhlkikhlē meaning "thrush".

## Species

The genus contains the following species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Black laughingthrush | Melanocichla lugubris | extreme south Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra |
| | Bare-headed laughingthrush | Melanocichla calva | Borneo |
# Orgeans-Blanchefontaine

Orgeans-Blanchefontaine (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in region eastern France.
# Phyllonorycter fletcheri

Phyllonorycter fletcheri is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Uganda (the Ruwenzori Range) in mountainous forests at altitude above 1,000 meters.
The length of the forewings is 2.6 mm.
# Medford Dodgers

The Medford Dodgers were a minor league baseball team based in Medford, Oregon, that played in the Class A-Short Season Northwest League from 1969-1971. Prior to 1970, the club played as the Rouge Valley Dodgers.

## History

Rogue Valley Baseball, Inc. was awarded a Northwest League franchise to play in Medford. The club affiliated with the San Francisco Giants. Utilizing their parent club's namesake, the Medford Giants played for two season from 1967-1968. The club changed affiliations to the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1969 and became the Rogue Valley Dodgers for a season. In late July 1969 the franchise was sold to Ashland businessman Cleatis Mitchell. The Dodgers finished the season with a record of 50-29 to claim the Northwest League championship. Following the season the Rouge Valley name was dropped in favor of Medford. Half way into the 1971 season the club was in financial trouble. Owner Cleatis Mitchell sought financial assistance for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the amount of $6000. Without additional funding the club would cease operations. The Dodgers received the necessary funding played in Medford through the 1971 season.
The Dodgers moved their Northwest League affiliate to Spokane in 1972, which had been their AAA team in the Pacific Coast League since 1958, when they moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles.
Spokane returned to the Pacific Coast League in 1973 as the Texas Rangers affiliate and the Dodgers moved their Northwest League affiliation west to Bellingham.
The Northwest League returned to Medford and Miles Field in 1979 when the Bend Timber Hawks moved south after one season in central Oregon and became the Medford A's.

## Season-by-season record

| Season | PDC | Division | Finish | Wins | Losses | Win% | Post-season | Manager | Attendance |
| Rogue Valley Dodgers ||||||||||
| 1969 | LAD | | 1st | 50 | 29 | .633 | Northwest League champion by virtue of record | Bill Berrier | 23,696 |
| Medford Dodgers ||||||||||
| 1970 | LAD | South | 3rd | 36 | 44 | .450 | | Bill Berrier | 19,687 |
| 1971 | LAD | South | 3rd | 34 | 46 | .425 | | Bill Berrier | 12,930 |
| Division winner | League champions |
# Endangered Languages Archive

The Endangered Languages Archive (ELAR) is a digital archive for materials on endangered languages, based at Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW). The Archive preserves digital collections, including audio and video recordings, of endangered languages around the world. ELAR is part of the worldwide community of language archives (Delaman and the Open Language Archives Community). ELAR's main aim is to preserve and publish collections of audio and video recordings, transcriptions and translations, dictionaries, and primers in and of endangered languages created with and by speakers of the endangered languages. The archive also digitises legacy collections in analogue formats saving them from deterioration and making them accessible to the speaker and their descendants, scholars, and the public.

## Archive

The collection currently contains over 550 deposits recorded in over 70 different countries, the majority of which are the results of Endangered Languages Documentation Project (ELDP) documentation projects funded by the Arcadia Fund.
The catalogue of archived materials can be freely searched via the Open Languages Archives Community. The endangered languages collections at ELAR can be accessed free of charge.
ELAR also provides training in all aspects of the creation of digital collections to archiving collections. These entail metadata creation, data management, formats, curation as well as digitisation of analogue formats.

## Affiliations

The archive was originally funded in 2002 as part of a donation by the Arcadia Fund to support the documentation of endangered languages, to train students and scholars in language documentation and to digitally preserve and publish the collections. ELAR was housed in and supported by the SOAS University of London library from 2015 until their move to the BBAW in 2021. David Nathan was director during the first decade of the archive's existence until 2014, when the role was taken over by Mandana Seyfeddinipur, who is also head of ELDP.
From July, 2021, ELAR has been housed at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften) in Berlin, Germany.
ELAR is one of three partners of the CLARIN Knowledge Centre for Linguistic Diversity and Language Documentation (CKLD), providing its expertise to researchers and community members across Europe.
# Ultralight Design Atos Trike

The Ultralight Design Atos Trike is a Czech electric and petrol powered ultralight trike, designed and produced by Ultralight Design SRO of Cvikov. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

## Design and development

The Atos Trike was designed to comply with the German 120 kg class and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of 254 lb (115 kg).
The aircraft design features a cantilever A-I-R Atos rigid hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single electric or piston engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft fuselage is made from composites, with its double surface Atos wing made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer. The wing is supported by a single post, has a small horizontal tailplane and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a FlyEngine F200 piston engine or, optionally, a Flytec HPD electric motor.
The aircraft (less wing) has an empty weight of 46 kg (101 lb) and a weight of 80 kg (176 lb), with the wing fitted.

## Operational history

In reviewing the design in 2015, Dimitri Delemarle wrote, "Any trike specifically designed to motorize the fabulous Atos wing has to be a bit special and this machine does not disappoint...It is not cheap, but the price reflects the high-quality workmanship!"

## Specifications (Atos Trike)

Data from Tacke
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Empty weight: 80 kg (176 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × FlyEngine F200 aircraft engine
* Propellers: 2-bladed folding
# Force of infection

In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted $\lambda$) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. That is to say, $\lambda$ is directly proportional to $\beta$; the effective transmission rate.
    $\lambda ={\frac {\mbox{number of new infections}}{{\mbox{number of susceptible persons exposed}}\times {\mbox{average duration of exposure}}}}$
Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. However, $\lambda$ can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. In this case, $\lambda$ is given by:
    $\lambda ={\frac {1}{A}}$
where $A$ is the average age of infection. In other words, $A$ is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. The rate of becoming infected ($\lambda$) is therefore $1/A$ (since rate is 1/time). The advantage of this method of calculating $\lambda$ is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported.
# New Territories North (1991 constituency)

New Territories North was a geographical constituency in the election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, which elects two members of the Legislative Council using the dual-seat constituency dual vote system. The constituency covers North District and Tai Po District in New Territories.
The constituency was divided and replaced by the New Territories North and New Territories North-east constituencies in 1995.

## Returned members

Elected members are as follows:
| Election | Member | Member | Party | Member | Member | Party |
| 1991 | | Fung Chi-wood | UDHK | | Tik Chi-yuen | MP |
| 1994 | | Fung Chi-wood | Democratic | | Tik Chi-yuen | Democratic |

## Election results

1991 Legislative Council election: New Territories North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | United Democrats | Fung Chi-wood | 23,267 | 27.34 | |
| | Meeting Point | Tik Chi-yuen | 21,702 | 25.50 | |
| | LDF | Cheung Hon-chung | 16,221 | 19.11 | |
| | LDF | Johnny Wong Chi-keung | 15,350 | 18.04 | |
| | ADPL | Ronald Chow Mei-tak | 7,117 | 8.36 | |
| | Independent | Tong Wai-man | 1,449 | 1.70 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 46,644 | 38.24 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 121,989 | | |
| | United Democrats win (new seat) | United Democrats win (new seat) | United Democrats win (new seat) | United Democrats win (new seat) | United Democrats win (new seat) |
| | Meeting Point win (new seat) | Meeting Point win (new seat) | Meeting Point win (new seat) | Meeting Point win (new seat) | Meeting Point win (new seat) |
# Lewis B. Campbell

Lewis B. Campbell is the former interim CEO of Navistar International Corporation and the former CEO of Textron. He received a BSE from Duke University in 1968. After graduation, he began his career at the Inland Manufacturing Division of General Motors in Dayton, Ohio as a Product Engineer for Ice Cube Trays.

## Campbell’s Transformation of Textron

In 1998, Campbell was appointed chief executive officer. Campbell believed in the “core business” model, and divested from Avco Financial Services. With this complete, Campbell began the development of a new strategic framework for Textron aimed at creating new operational efficiencies and sharing best practices across the whole organization.
Beginning in 2000, Campbell engineered a transformation of the company that included a company-wide restructuring program to increase the efficiency of operations; the consolidation of several manufacturing facilities; outsourcing of non-core production; and careful attention to product development across the company to determine whether each was appropriate for the portfolio; divestiture of non-core units. This set Textron down a new path, focusing on operational excellence and management of strong portfolio brands.
The application of Six Sigma principles, not only to Textron's manufacturing operations, but also to the company's transactional processes and other enterprise-wide functions, provided a consistent approach to operational efficiency.
In the midst of some of the company's most difficult changes, shareholders watched Textron's stock price fall to a disappointing $26 in March 2003, then climb back to an all-time high in the first half of 2006 as the benefits of the transformation finally took hold.
Under the new model, Textron today functions as what it calls a “networked enterprise.” Departing from the old model of a holding company that simply acquires businesses and leaves their operations unchanged, the networked enterprise provides key points of contact to facilitate the operation of strong, unique brands. This means that while Bell Helicopter and E-Z-GO serve very different markets with distinct brands and customer bases, they share many of the same business infrastructure resources such as information technology infrastructure and employee benefits.
While CEO of Textron in 2008, Lewis B. Campbell earned a total compensation of $9,833,127, which included a base salary of $1,100,000, a cash bonus of $617,980, stocks granted of $5,314,507, and options granted of $2,149,798.
On December 1, 2009, Campbell retired as CEO of Textron as part of a multi-year succession plan. He was succeeded as CEO by Scott C. Donnelly. Donnelly was named chairman of the board on September 1, 2010.

## Career at Navistar International Corp.

After Daniel Ustian abruptly retired as Chairman and chief executive officer of Navistar International Corporation on August 27, 2012, Campbell was named interim Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the truck and engine manufacturer.
# Melanocinclis nigrilineella

Melanocinclis nigrilineella is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas and Arizona.
# Orphica

The orphica is a portable piano invented by Carl Leopold Röllig in the late 18th century. Like a guitar, the orphica could be held on a shoulder strap, thus being an early forerunner of the modern keytar.
Only a few orphicas were made in Vienna from 1795 to 1810; about 30 orphicas are still in existence today.

## Beethoven's compositions for orphica

Among the few composers writing for the orphica was Ludwig van Beethoven. According to a letter of Beethoven's friend Franz Gerhard Wegeler from December 23, 1827, Wegeler had 2 Stückchen für die Orphica, die Bhven für meine Frau componirte ('2 small pieces for the orphica which Beethoven composed for my wife'). This refers to the two pieces of 1798, WoO. 51, formerly erroneously titled Leichte Klaviersonate.

## Gallery

* An orphica at the Museo Nazionale degli Strumenti Musicali di Roma
* Orphica (Museum für Musikinstrumente der Universität Leipzig)
* Details of Orphica (Kunsthistorisches Museum)
# McJones Shaba

McJones Shaba is a Malawian politician. He was Malawi's Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Infrastructure in 2010. He has also been involved in public and agricultural works in the country and the National Forestry Plan.
# Endangered Language Fund

The Endangered Language Fund (ELF) is a small non-profit organization based in New Haven, Connecticut. ELF supports endangered language maintenance and documentation projects that aim to preserve the world's languages while contributing rare linguistic data to the scientific community.

## Introduction

The Fund has sponsored over 100 language projects in 30 countries since 1997, and has recently begun developing a large digital archive of endangered language data. ELF's main mechanism of support work is funding for individuals, tribes and museums. Supported programs have been projects to develop indigenous radio programs in South Dakota, recording elders and last living speakers of endangered languages, and the production of materials to be used for language teaching programs all over the world.
There are two main grant programs that accept proposals annually, the Language Legacies Grant and Native Voices. The Language Legacies Grant supports language revitalization and documentation efforts from all over the world. It is open to community members and language research scholars across the country. Native Voices is a grant managed and distributed by ELF for Native American language revitalization from the Native Voices Endowment: A Lewis & Clark Expedition Bicentennial Legacy. Grants through this program are available to members of the Native American tribes that came in contact with the Lewis and Clark Expedition between 1803-1806. Applicants must be Federally Recognized tribal enrolled members, tribal language programs, and tribal schools and colleges.
In addition, ELF sponsors a workshop called The Breath of Life for Native American communities who have either no living speakers or few or no fluent speakers. At the workshop, linguistic mentors are paired with participants to explore language resources and archives. The workshop is supplemented with lectures and workshops on linguistics and related topics such as language learning and teaching. The name and design is based on the Breath of Life Language Workshop for California Indians, a biennial event designed and organized by the Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival and hosted at the University of California at Berkeley.
ELF is also responsible for an initiative known as Healing Through Language, which aims both to support indigenous language revitalization programs and to measure their effect on the health of indigenous communities.
The founder of the Endangered Language fund is Douglas Whalen, who served as its president until 2015, at which time he became Chair of the Board of Directors. The current president is Kristine Hildebrandt and the vice president is Shannon Bischoff. The offices of the Fund are presently located in space lent by Haskins Laboratories. There is no formal affiliation between the two organizations.
The ELF is associated with the international network of the Linguapax Institute, as the lead of Linguapax North America.