OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest William Hawkes

Ernest William Hawkes (July 19, 1883 – March 13, 1957) was an American anthropologist best known for his work studying the indigenous peoples of Alaska and northern Canada. A native of Ashfield, Massachusetts, Hawkes was the brother of the well-known "blind naturist" Clarence Hawkes. E. W. Hawkes studied at Dakota Wesleyan University (1909) and University of Pennsylvania (1913, 1915).
Over the course of multiple trips to Alaska and northern Canada, Hawkes gathered data for his books. His 1914 publication Dance Festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo was based on the three years Hawkes spent in the Bering Strait District, including on the Diomede Islands and at St. Michael. It was while stationed at St. Michael as a government teacher over the winter of 1911-1912 that Hawkes observed the traditional Inuit "Messenger Feast", which he recounted in his 1913 Inviting In. His 1916 The Labrador Eskimo was based on his experiences in summer 1914 with the Geological Survey of Canada in the Hudson Bay area.
Hawkes held a variety of university fellowships in Anthropology, including Columbia University (1913–1914), Harrison College (1914–1916), and later Glendale Community College in Glendale, California.
He died in Los Angeles in 1957.

## Selected works

* Transforming the Eskimo Into a Herder: An Account of the Reindeer Industry in Alaska (1913)
* The dance festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo (1914)
* A pre-Lenape site in New Jersey (1916)
* The Labrador Eskimo (1916)
* Skeletal Measurements and Observations on the Point Barrow Eskimo with Comparisons with Other Eskimo Groups (1916)
# Tovariella

Tovariella is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Tovariella pittieriana.
# Toren van Goedereede

51°49′06″N 3°58′32″E﻿ / ﻿51.818443°N 3.975656°E﻿ / 51.818443; 3.975656
The Toren van Goedereede (Dutch pronunciation:; Goederede Tower) is a gray square brick tower in Goedereede, Netherlands, 39.5 metres (130 ft) high, belonging to the Catharina church. It was built in 1512. From 1552 to 1912 the tower served as a lighthouse, and went through various changes during this period. Today it has been restored and is a museum, housing a carillon.

## Church tower

The original tower was part of a large parish church in the then-prosperous fishing and trading port. Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens (1459–1523), the future Pope Adrian VI, was pastor of the church. During a great fire in Goedereede in 1482 the old "Katharina Church" and its tower were destroyed. A new church was erected in 1512 beside a giant new tower, which still stands today. A large bell that sounded the hours was cast in 1519, with the Latin inscription, Est mea vox grata, quia sum Maria vocata et Georgius Waghevens Me fecit Anno Domini MCCCCCXVIII (My voice is welcome, because I am called Maria and George Waghevens made Me in the year of our Lord 1518.) A second bell was added in 1647.

## Lighthouse

Although at first unlit, the tower served as a landmark to help ships navigate. From 1552 the tower served as a lighthouse. The light originally came from an open coal fire.
Goederede went into a long decline, losing trade to better-sited ports. There were insufficient funds to maintain the church. In 1706 the dilapidated building was pulled down, but the tower was preserved. In 1823, the spire of the church was removed to improve use of the tower as a lighthouse. On 26 February 1834 a 45 metres (148 ft) high light with optics was installed. The optics were replaced in 1879. In 1908 the tower was equipped with rotating optics with a light intensity of 180,000 candlepower. In 1912 the lighthouse was extinguished when the West Head Lighthouse in Ouddorp came into use.

## Museum

In 1967 the tower was designated a national monument (Rijksmonument). From 1973 to 1978 the tower was restored at a cost of over two million euros, and made into a museum. A carillon of bells were hung in the tower, which can be played either mechanically or by hand. The carillon of 37 bells was inaugurated on 24 June 1978. In 1999 it was extended with six bass and seven treble bells. Two more bells were added in 2010, providing many more options to the player. In April 2011 the Dutch Carillon Society organized an international competition for carilloneurs, each of whom had twelve minutes to perform.
* Exterior, RCE 1973
* South-east side, RCE 1980
* Catharina church, 2011
* Catharina church, 2011
# Lina Franziska Fehrmann

Lina Franziska Fehrmann (born in Dresden on 11 October 1900; died 10 June 1950) was an artist model generally called Fränzi and associated with Die Brücke. Her role in their work has occasionally been deemed unsettling.
# Escadrille Spa.102

Escadrille Spa.102 (earlier unit designations being Escadrille BR.17, Escadrille VB.2, Escadrille VB102, Escadrille N.102) was a French fighter squadron founded in 1913. It served throughout the First World War in a variety of aircraft types, claiming 85 aerial victories, of which 18 were approved.

## History

Escadrille Spa.102 was Escadrille BR.17 when it was founded in 1913 because it was fitted with Bréguets. On 18 October 1914, it became Escadrille VB.2 when it was resupplied with Voisins; in November, it was redesignated Escadrille VB102. The unit's operations during the early months of World War I are unknown except for a mention of St. Cyr. However, on 17 June 1916, while it was stationed at Malzeville, it re-equipped with Nieuports, changing its name to Escadrille N.102.
On 22 July 1916, the squadron moved to the II Armee sector. On 17 January 1917 it was shifted to the vicinity of the Marne River. In early April, it moved to the IV Armee sector. It accompanied IV Armee to Flanders on 1 July, staying until 15 December. Escadrille N.102 ended 1917 and began 1918 by moving to the 1er Armee on 14 January.
On 1 April 1918, the squadron refitted with SPAD fighters, and gained its final name of Escadrille Spa.102. It would use its new fighters to aid VI Armee until 23 September. Two days later, it returned to 1er Armee, where it remained until war's end.
During the war, Escadrille Spa.102 claimed 85 aerial victories, although only 18 of these were ever verified.

## Commanding officers

* Capitaine de Laborde: November 1914
* Capitaine Armand des Prez de la Morlais: 27 March 1915
* Chef de Bataillon Pouderoux: Early 1916
* Lieutenant Jean Derode: 16 January 1917 - 24 March 1918
* Capitaine Roger Lemercier de Maisoncelle-Vertille de Richemont: 24 March 1918 - 25 September 1918
* Capitaine Andre d'Humeries: 25 September 1918 - 11 November 1918

## Aircraft

* Breguets: 1913
* Voisins: 18 October 1914 - November 1914
* Nieuports: 18 June 1916 - 1 April 1918
* SPADs: 1 April 1918 - 11 November 1918

## End notes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918, p. 103
# Linenfold

Linenfold (or linen fold) is a simple style of relief carving used to decorate wood panelling with a design "imitating window tracery", "imitating folded linen" or "stiffly imitating folded material". Originally from Flanders, the style became widespread across Northern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries. The name was applied to the decorative style by antiquarian connoisseurs in the early 19th century; the contemporary name was apparently lignum undulatum (Latin: "wavy wood"), Nathaniel Lloyd pointed out.
Wood panelling or wainscoting, almost always made from oak, became popular in Northern Europe from the 14th century, after European carpenters rediscovered the techniques to create frame and panel joinery. The framing technique was used from the 13th century onwards to clad interior walls, to form choir stalls, and to manufacture moveable and semi-moveable furniture, such as chests and presses, and even the back panels of joined chairs. Linenfold was developed as a simple technique to decorate the flat surfaces of the ubiquitous panels thus created.
The simplest linenfold style is "parchemin" (also known as "parchment fold"), a low relief carving formed like a sheet of paper or piece of linen folded in half and then spread out with the sharp centered fold running vertically, and the top and bottom running out to the corners of the panel, with something of the appearance of an opened book. This style of linenfold can be created using a plane and a pre-drawn pattern, with a little finishing chisel work required at each end. A stitched embroidered border could be counterfeited by the use of punches. More complicated styles resemble a sheet of fabric that has volute folds back and forth many times. Linenfold might be fielded, visually complete against a flat panel surface and contained within each panel, or it might provide the appearance of a continuous linenfold passing behind the stiles of the framing.
Carving linenfold decoration requires basic carving skill, the creased designs were run with a round plane; only top and bottom edges needed to be finished with a gouge. Significantly, linenfold had no prototype in architectural practice: the technique of the round scraper plane is also applicable to softer stone-cutting.
Regional variations quickly developed in England, France and Germany. The linenfold of France, Netherlands, and Germany "is carved with a sharper definition and greater delicacy than was usual in England", where an early linenfold panelling can be seen in the hall screen at Compton Wynyates. Linenfold started to fall out of fashion as Renaissance styles spread in the 16th century, replaced by fielded panels for simpler work, and more complicated "Roman" and higher relief carving, but linenfold continued to be used in less sophisticated surroundings well into the 17th century. In the 19th century, linenfold panelling reappeared in the revivals of the Gothic and Tudor styles.
# Erythrocarpus

Erythrocarpus may refer to:
* Erythrocarpus Blume, a synonym of the euphorb genus Suregada
* Erythrocarpus M.Roem, a synonym of the passionflower genus Adenia
# Eskovia

Eskovia is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Y. M. Marusik & Michael I. Saaristo in 1999. As of May 2019 it contains only two species: E. exarmata and E. mongolica.
The male carapace in both members of this genus has a distinct shape, appearing roughly trapezoidal in profile, especially in E. exarmata.
# Ernst Reuter Prize

The Ernst Reuter Prize (Ernst-Reuter-Preis) is a German national prize for audio plays (Hörspiel) and radio documentation about the divided Germany, named after Ernst Reuter. It was awarded from 1959 to 1991 by the Bundesministerium für innerdeutsche Beziehungen for audio plays and radio documentation, doted 10,000 DM dotiert. It was awarded to productions that dealt with relations of people from the two German nations ("Verhältnis der Menschen in den beiden deutschen Staaten zueinander").

## Selected recipients

* Wolfgang Menge (awarded twice, but years unknown)
* 1963 Ingeborg Drewitz
* 1966 Horst Mönnich [de]
* 1971 Erika Runge [de]
* 1978 Thomas Brasch
* 1979 no award
* 1982 Tilo Medek, Dorothea Medek
* 1989 Helga M. Novak
* 1990 Peter Gotthardt
* 1991 Jens Sparschuh (1990 according to some sources)
# Escape from Singapore

Escape from Singapore is a 1973 Australian TV dramatised documentary about General Gordon Bennett and his escape from Singapore in World War II.
It was a number of dramatised documentaries Power made for Australian TV. He spent ten months researching it, accessing papers provided by Bennett's widow. Power said "I was interested in the dilemma of a man, an undoubtedly a brave man, facing a great personal crisis... should he or should he not leave his troops?.. It goes down as one of the great crises in Australian history."
The film won Best Documentary at the 1974 TV Week Logie Awards.
The show was repeated in 1975.

## Cast

* Don Crosby as General Gordon Bennett
* John Meillon as narrator
* Don Philps as Mr Dovey QC
* Martin Vaughan as Boots Callaghan
* Peter Gwynne
* Gordon Glenwright
* Max Osbiston

## Reception

The Sun Herald praised it saying "a medal for this one."
The Bulletin said "It deserves a massive audience... smooth, compelling and totally involving. "
# Touro University

Touro University may refer to:
* Touro University, New York, the main university
* Touro University System or the schools within it:
** Touro University California, a medical, pharmacy and physician assistant's school in Vallejo, California, US
** Touro University Nevada, a medical, pharmacy and nursing school in Henderson, Nevada, US
** Touro University Worldwide, the online branch of the Touro University System with offices in Los Alamitos, California, US
* Touro University College of Medicine, a proposed medical school disbanded in 2009
# Linda Malone

Linda Joy Catron Malone (born 1944) is a retired American statistician and industrial engineer, the coauthor of the textbook Statistics in Research: Basic Concepts and Techniques for Research Workers. Topics in her research have included the statistical analysis of simulations, the economics of construction management, and human factors in information security. She is a professor emerita in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management of the University of Central Florida.

## Education and career

Malone majored in mathematics as an undergraduate at Emory and Henry College in Virginia. After a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Tennessee, she went to Virginia Tech for doctoral study in statistics. Her 1975 doctoral dissertation, A New Estimation Procedure for Response Surface Models, was supervised by Raymond H. Myers.
She joined the University of Central Florida as an assistant professor of statistics in 1979, directed the Institute of Statistics there, and became chair of the department of statistics in 1985. By 1997, when she won the university's Excellence in Graduate Teaching award, she was listed as part of the Department of Industrial Engineering.

## Recognition

Malone was named as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2002.

## Selected publications

* Ostle, Bernard; Malone, Linda C. (1988), Statistics in Research: Basic Concepts and Techniques for Research Workers (4th ed.), Iowa State University Press
* Trocine, L.; Malone, L. C. (2000), "Finding important independent variables through screening designs: a comparison of methods", 2000 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, WSC-00, vol. 1, IEEE, pp. 749–754, doi:10.1109/wsc.2000.899789, ISBN 0-7803-6579-8
* Sater Carstens, Deborah; R. Mccauley-Bell, Pamela; C. Malone, Linda; F. Demara, Ronald (2004), "Evaluation of the Human Impact of Password Authentication", Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 7, Informing Science Institute: 67–85, doi:10.28945/503
* Serag, Engy; Oloufa, Amr; Malone, Linda; Radwan, Essam (September 2010), "Model for quantifying the impact of change orders on project cost for U.S. roadwork construction", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136 (9): 1015–1027, doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000206
# Erwin Nestle

Erwin Nestle (22 May 1883 in Münsingen, Germany – 21 November 1972 in Ulm, Germany), son of Eberhard Nestle, was a German scholar who continued editing his father's "Nestle Edition" of the New Testament in Greek, adding a full critical apparatus in the thirteenth edition.
# Traffic signal operations specialist

A traffic signal operations specialist (TSOS) is a certification sponsored by the Transportation Professional Certification Board, Inc., and promulgated by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Before taking the prerequisite examination, an individual must have at least five years of related working experience, though relevant education or training may be applied toward this requirement. TSOS certification does not substitute for appropriate professional licenses when required for specific responsibilities or jurisdictions.
The 100-question certification examination currently includes the following topics:
* Principles of signals and signal systems
** Signal control and functionality
** Types of signals
** Supporting hardware devices and subsystems
** Signal coordination and progression
** System types
** Special user needs
** Design standards
** Traffic flow theory
* Elements of signal design and implementation
** Signal phasing and geometrics
** Preemption and priority
** Pavement markings and signing
** Detectors
** Signal head, cabinet and pole placement
** Temporary traffic control and equipment switch-over
** Initial turn-on and timing adjustments
* Signal Timing
** Clearance intervals
** Isolated signal timing
** Coordinated signal timing
** Data collection procedures
** Performance measures
** Software and analysis
** Field implementation
** Systems control
** Documentation
* Signal operations and safety reviews
** Safety audit
** Scheduled field reviews
** Receipt of and response to public inquiries
** Responsive field Reviews
** Reevaluation of phasing and timing
** Signal removal or modification
** Asset management and documentation
# Estreux

Estreux (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Estreux | The arms of Estreux are blazoned : Azure, 3 fleurs de lys Or. (France and the communes of Estreux, Obrechies use the same arms.) |
# Totally Australia

Totally Australia is an Australian children's documentary television series aired on Network Ten in 1997 until 2008 at 6am.
# Etrek

Etrek may refer to:
* Atrek River, a river in Iran and Turkmenistan
* Etrek District, a district in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan
* Etrek, Turkmenistan, a city in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan, capital of Etrek District
# The Horns of Happiness

The Horns of Happiness are an independent rock band formerly of Bloomington, Indiana now residents of Oakland/Los Angeles, CA. Since forming in 2004, the band has released one full-length album, one soundtrack, and two EPs on Secretly Canadian while touring extensively through the US, sharing the stage with acts such as Man Man, Silver Jews, Old Time Relijun, Danielson Famile, Joanna Newsom, and The Dirty Projectors, among others, while garnering acclaim in publications such as Magnet, Dusted and Skyscraper magazines.

## Discography

* A Sea As A Shore - Album - (Secretly Canadian, 2004)
* Would I Find Your Psychic Guideline - 12" - (Secretly Canadian, 2006)
* What Spills Like Thread - 12" - (Secretly Canadian, 2007)
* Weathering Alterations - 12" - (St. Ives, 2009)
* The Horns of Happiness EP - Digital Download - (Secretly Canadian, 2010)
# The Horny Horns

The Horny Horns were a horn section associated with Parliament-Funkadelic and Bootsy's Rubber Band led by trombonist Fred Wesley. The group also featured saxophonist Maceo Parker and Rick Gardner and Richard "Kush" Griffith on trumpets.
While they are best known for their contributions to other P-Funk projects, The Horny Horns also recorded two albums under their own name, A Blow for Me, A Toot for You (1977) and Say Blow By Blow Backwards (1979). A compilation of unreleased tracks was released in 1994 on the CD The Final Blow.
They have frequently played with other notable artists, such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, on Freaky Styley's "If You Want Me to Stay", and on Deee-Lite's 1990 hit "Groove Is in the Heart".
# Trans-sur-Erdre

Trans-sur-Erdre is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
# Evans v. Eaton

Evans v. Eaton could refer to:
* Evans v. Eaton (1818), 16 U.S. (3 Wheat.) 454, on patent anticipation and scope
* Evans v. Eaton (1822), 20 U.S. (7 Wheat.) 356, on the need for patented improvements to be distinctly claimed
# Kunming attack

Kunming attack may refer to:
* 2008 Kunming bus bombings
* 2014 Kunming attack
# Philippe Vandevelde

Philippe Vandevelde, working under the pseudonym Tome (24 February 1957 – 5 October 2019), was a Belgian comics writer. He was known for collaborations with Janry on Spirou et Fantasio and Le Petit Spirou, and with Luc Warnant and later Bruno Gazzotti on Soda. He also collaborated with Ralph Meyer on Berceuse assassine, and with Marc Hardy on Feux. Earlier in his career he was an assistant-artist for Dupa.

## Biography

Vandevelde was born in Brussels. An operation left him blind for a short while at the age of eight. His first experiences of comics were the Adventures of Tintin story King Ottokar's Sceptre and Corentin read aloud to him. Under the pseudonyms "Phil" and "Tom", he published his first illustrations and comics for the school magazine Buck (made by Thierry Groensteen) from 1972 to 1974. His first comic was a medieval parody Estrel, le troubadour.
Tome began his professional comics career in the studio of Dupa, the author of Cubitus, where he met Janry who would become a long-time collaborator. After assisting Turk and De Groot on series such as Léonard and Clifton, they began working at the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou in 1979, their first assignment being the games page Jeureka.
In 1980 they began work on their first Spirou et Fantasio adventure, the iconic forty-year-old series of Spirou. Previously created by a succession of authors including the famous André Franquin, Tome and Janry were given the task in alternation with another creative team of Nic and Cauvin. Eventually assuming sole responsibility of the series, Tome and Janry continued creating stories until 1998, completing 14 albums, in addition to creating Le Petit Spirou, a series about Spirou's youth, for which they made 14 albums since 1990.

## Awards

* 1992: Humour Award and Youth Award (9–12 years) at the Angoulême International Comics Festival, France
* 2000: nominated for Best German-language Comic for Children and Young People at the Max & Moritz Prizes, Germany
       - nominated for the Best Scenario Award and the Youth Award (9–12 years) at the Angoulême International Comics Festival
* 2002: nominated for Best International Writer at the Max & Moritz Prizes
# Sun, West Virginia

Sun is an unincorporated community and coal town in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States.
# Melawi River

Melawi River is a river in north-western Borneo, Indonesia, about 900 km northeast of the capital Jakarta. It is a tributary of the Kapuas River.
The people in the upper reaches of the Melawi speak Ot Danum and elsewhere along the river speak variants of the Malay language and the river banks are inhabited by the Malay and Dayak ethnic groups. A major town on the river is Nanga Pinoh, the capital of Melawi Regency.

## Hydrology

The river meets the Kapuas in the town of Sintang.

## Geography

The river flows in the western area of Borneo with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is May, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is February, at 22 °C. The average annual rainfall is 4124 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 523 mm rainfall, and the driest is June, with 212 mm rainfall.
# Megachile redondensis

Megachile redondensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1930.