OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White-lipped snail

The white-lipped snail or garden banded snail, scientific name Cepaea hortensis, is a large species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae. The only other species in the genus is Cepaea nemoralis.

## Shell description

Cepaea hortensis has a shell up to 22 mm (1 in) in diameter, tending to be slightly smaller than C. nemoralis. The umbilicus is closed in adults, but narrowly open in juveniles. Although the shells of C. hortensis are most commonly yellow, they exhibit a range of background colours from brown through pink to pale yellow, and up to five brown bands may be present, some of which may fuse with their neighbours. This polymorphism, which is shared with Cepaea nemoralis, has been the subject of considerable research. (See Cepaea § Shell polymorphism.)

## Identification

In most areas adults of C. hortensis can be distinguished by the pale colouration of the lip around the shell aperture, whereas it is typically brown in C. nemoralis. But in some areas (e.g. Ireland, Pyrenees) C. nemoralis can have a white lip, and C. hortensis can rarely have a brown lip. More certain characters require dissection. A cross-section of the love dart of C. hortensis shows a cross with bifurcated blades, whereas that of C. nemoralis is a simple cross. The mucous gland has 4 or more branches in C. hortensis, but 3 or fewer branches in C. nemoralis.
Caucasotachea vindobonensis and Macularia sylvatica are two superficially similar species formerly mistakenly included in the genus Cepaea. Both have a lip that is brown near the columella becoming pale towards the suture, and they have fine growth ridges on the shell whereas in both Cepaea species it is smooth.

## Distribution

The native distribution of this species is Western Europe and Central Europe. Also its occurrence along the coast of northeastern North America should be considered native, since archaeological deposits reveal it to have been present at least 7850 years ago, so before the presence of Viking explorers. The range of C. hortensis extends further north in Scotland than that of C. nemoralis and it is the only Cepaea species in Iceland and northern parts of Scandinavia (up to 67° 30' N). Conversely, the southern limit of C. hortensis is also further north: in Spain it occurs only in the north-east and it is absent from Italy. Cepaea hortensis has been recently introduced to the Moscow region of Russia and to Ukraine, but has not established itself as widely as C. nemoralis. It reaches an altitude of 2050 m in the Swiss Alps.

## Habitat

The two Cepaea species share many of the same habitats, such as woods, dunes and grassland, but the white-lipped snail tolerates wetter and colder areas.

## Life cycle

This species of snail creates and uses love darts during mating.
The size of the egg is 2 mm.
# White-lipped tree frog

The white-lipped tree frog (Nyctimystes infrafrenatus) is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is the world's largest tree frog (the Cuban tree frog reaches a similar maximum size) and is found in Australia. Other common names include the New Guinea treefrog, giant tree frog, and Australian giant treefrog.

## Description

The white-lipped tree frog reaches 11–14 cm (4.3–5.5 in) in length. Females are larger than males, and have thicker skin in correlation with the difference in body size. Its dorsal surface is usually bright green, although the colour changes depending on the temperature and background, and can be brown. The ventral surface is off-white. The lower lip has a distinctive white stripe (giving this species its name), which continues to the shoulder. The white stripes on the trailing edges of the lower leg may turn pink in the breeding male. The white-lipped tree frog has large toe pads, which aid it to climb. The toes are completely webbed, and the hands are partially webbed.
* In Daintree rainforest, Queensland
* A brown example
* Being eaten by a green tree snake - Dendrelaphis punctulatus near Cooktown, Queensland

## Ecology and behaviour

The white-lipped tree frog is found along the coastal areas of Cape York Peninsula and the wet tropics of north-eastern Queensland, Australia. It is the most widely distributed tree frog in the New Guinea region, spanning from eastern Indonesia, through the New Guinea mainland, to the Bismarck and the Admiralty Islands in the north. It lives in rainforests, cultivated areas, and around houses in coastal areas, and is restricted to areas below 1200 m in altitude.
It has a loud, barking call, but when distressed, it makes a cat-like "mew" sound or may discharge urine. Males call during spring and summer after rain from vegetation around the breeding site, normally a still body of water.
Its diet is mainly insects and other arthropods. It can live to over 10 years in the wild.
This species of frog is known for being moved around in fruit produce from northern Australia and ending up becoming a lost frog in southern areas.

## As a pet

It is kept as a pet; but in Australia, it may be kept in captivity only with an appropriate permit.
# Gnathocerus

Gnathocerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Tenebrionidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Africa and America.
Species:
* Gnathocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798)
* Gnathocerus maxillosus (Fabricius, 1810)
# Gnathocharax

Gnathocharax steindachneri, also known as the arowana tetra, is a species of characin fish found in tropical freshwater habitats in the Orinoco and Amazon Basins of South America. It is also found as an aquarium fish. It is the sole member of its genus. It reaches up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in length.
# White-throated Fiji whistler

The white-throated Fiji whistler (Pachycephala vitiensis) is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae, endemic to islands in southern Fiji. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the yellow-throated Fiji whistler (Pachycephala graeffii). Before the split the combined species were known as the "Fiji whistler".

## Taxonomy and systematics

It was variably considered a subspecies of a widespread golden whistler (P. pectoralis). Three of the subspecies of the former white-throated whistler (P. v. kandavensis, lauana, and vitiensis) were lumped with the Fiji whistler in 2014 by the IOC. The Temotu whistler was formerly considered conspecific with the Fiji whistler.
Three subspecies are recognised:
* P. v. kandavensis Ramsay, EP, 1876 – Beqa (south of Viti Levu) and Kadavu Island and satellites (southwest Fiji, southwest Polynesia)
* P. v. lauana Mayr, 1932 – south Lau Islands (southeast Fiji, southwest Polynesia)
* P. v. vitiensis Gray, GR, 1860 – Gau (central Fiji, southwest Polynesia)
# White-throated bulbul

The white-throated bulbul (Alophoixus flaveolus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Asia from the eastern Himalayas to Myanmar and western Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The white-throated bulbul was originally described in the genus Trichophorus (a synonym for Criniger) until moved to the genus Alophoixus in 2009. Alternate names for the white-throated bulbul include the ashy-fronted bearded bulbul, ashy-fronted bulbul, white-throated bearded bulbul, and yellow-bellied bulbul. The alternate names 'ashy-fronted bulbul' and 'yellow-bellied bulbul' should not be confused with species of the same name (Pycnonotus cinereifrons and Alophoixus phaeocephalus respectively). The common name 'white-throated bulbul' is also used as an alternate name for each of the white-throated greenbul, eastern bearded greenbul, puff-throated bulbul and yellow-bellied bulbul. The alternate name 'white-throated bearded bulbul' is also used as an alternate name for the eastern bearded greenbul.

### Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized:
* A. f. flaveolus - (Gould, 1836): Found from eastern Himalayas to northern Myanmar
* A. f. burmanicus - (Oates, 1889): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Criniger. Found in south-eastern Myanmar, southern China and western Thailand

## Gallery

* Front view
* In Satchari National Park, Sylhet, Bangladesh
# Gnorimoschema rotundatum

Gnorimoschema rotundatum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1998. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, Ontario and Quebec.
# White Card

A White Card (also known as a General Construction Induction Card) is a mandatory work card required in Australia to order to work on a construction site.

## The White Card
### Who needs the White Card?

The White Card is a required document for everyone wishing to work on the premises of a construction site. Additionally, it is also required for those not directly involved in building, such as supervisors, site managers, and people who routinely enter construction sites.

### Validity

White Cards become void if no construction work is carried out in two consecutive years or more.

## Courses

The white card is gained by completing a face-to-face or online government mandated course through a (RTO) registered training organisation. The unit of competency required is CPCWHS1001 – Prepare to work safely in the construction industry.
The Card is, although it is issued by all the states by their own regulatory bodies, is valid across all Australia.
The White Card Online can be issued in Western Australia and Tasmania. In the other states, the course must be completed face-to-face. The face-to-face courses can be completed with 6 hours of face-to-face training. Regardless, this White Card is mutually recognised and accepted in all states of Australia.

### Curriculum

Workplace safety, safe working practices, dealing with hazards and how to respond to an emergency.

#### Course Requirements

* Unique Student Identifier (USI) number
* Basic English language literacy
* Basic Mathematical literacy

#### Course by State

| Abbrev | State | Issuing Body | Price |
| QLD | Queensland | WorkSafe QLD | $190 |
| NSW | New South Wales | SafeWork NSW | $220 |
| VIC | Victoria | WorkSafe VIC | $230 |
| TAS | Tasmania | WorkSafe Tasmania | $39+$11.34 |
| WA | Western Australia | WorkSafe WA | $39 |
| SA | South Australia | WorkSafe SA | ? |
| ACT | Australian Capital Territory | WorkSafe ACT | $42 |
| NT | Northern Territory | ? | $38.50 |

## History

This White Card Course replaces a range of state systems operating different coloured cards (Blue, Green, Red) and regulatory bodies. In the past the different states/regulatory bodies would have different coloured cards for their own state. Every State in Australia now operate with the Nationally Recognised White Card.
The white card online used to be offered in Queensland prior to 2019, however they changed to face-to-face only due to concerns of the mutual recognition by other states of the Queensland white card being at risk This was because allegedly the online courses offered for the Queensland white card were not up to standard.
# Wiederitz

The Wiederitz is a river of Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Weißeritz, which it joins in Freital.
# Whitefield Christian Schools

Whitefield Christian Schools is a private educational institution registered with the Ontario Ministry of Education, established in 1989.
Influential people include:
* Dr. Larry Saunders - administrator and pastor of Toronto Free Presbyterian Church.
* Dr. Frank McClelland - president and pastor emeritus of Toronto Free Presbyterian Church. He has written several books and is the editor of The Canadian Revivalist.
# Glyphidocera personae

Glyphidocera personae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.
# White Sulphur Springs (Jena, Louisiana)

White Sulphur Springs, also known as White Sulphur Springs Historic Site, is a historic site located along LA 8, about 10.2 miles (16.4 km) southwest of Jena.
The site is a small clearing including a spring encased in a gazebo built c. 1916 by W.G. Walker. Due to its supposed curative powers, the spring was once surrounded by a health resort with numerous buildings. The gazebo is the only remaining structure, and was restored c.1975. The spring was originally discovered by Joseph P. Ward in 1883.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1982.
# Glyphipterix iocheaera

Glyphipterix iocheaera is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1880. It is found in New Zealand.
# Glyphipterix issikii

Glyphipterix issikii is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Yutaka Arita and John B. Heppner in 1992. It is found in Taiwan.
# Glyphipterix invicta

Glyphipterix invicta is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. It is found in Brazil.
# Newchurch railway station

Newchurch railway station, was an intermediate station situated on the edge of Newchurch village on the line from Newport to Sandown incorporated by the Isle of Wight (Newport Junction) Railway in 1868, opened in 1875 and closed 81 years later. Despite its rural location a "respectable" number of families alighted at the simple station, "little more than a wooden hut". The nearest location to the site is a bungalow, Newchurch Crossing.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Alverstone | British Railways Southern Region IoW CR : Sandown to Newport line | Horringford |
# Wiaderno

Wiaderno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 46 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Mount Livermore (Texas)

Mount Livermore is a summit in the Davis Mountains in Jeff Davis County, Texas. It reaches an elevation of 8,378 feet / 2,554 meters, and is the fourth highest and most isolated peak in Texas. The peak was named for Major William Livermore who used it as a point of observations and placed a base monument atop it.
In October and November 1884, Major Livermore, of the Engineer Corps, was in charge of a military expedition in making a map of western Texas. When reaching the top of the bare rock he called it "Old Baldy", named after a general officer called Baldy Smith. Baldy Peak is an alternate name.

## The Livermore Cache

An extensive cache of arrow points and fragments was excavated by Susan Janes, who moved to Fort Davis with her husband in 1893. In 1895 the Janeses' son Charles, and Tom Merrill found a cairn on its highest point. They demolished the cairn and discovered a scattering of arrowheads underneath it.

## Gallery

* ca.1910-1920
# New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 1987–88

The New Zealand national cricket team toured Australia in the 1987-88 season and played 3 Test matches against Australia. Australia won the series 1-0 with two matches drawn.

## Test series summary
### First Test

* 4–7 December 1987 (5-day match) Scorecard
* Australia won by 9 wickets Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba, Brisbane Umpires: AR Crafter and MW Johnson Player of the match: DC Boon (AUS)
* Australia won the toss and elected to field.
* The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.
* MRJ Veletta (AUS) and DK Morrison (NZ) made their Test debuts.

### Second Test

* 11–15 December 1987 (5-day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: RC Bailhache and SG Randell Player of the match: AR Border (AUS)
* New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
* TBA May (AUS) made his Test debut.

### Third Test

* 26–30 December 1987 (5-day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: AR Crafter and RA French Player of the match: RJ Hadlee (NZ)
* Australia won the toss and elected to field.
* AIC Dodemaide (AUS) made his Test debut.

## External sources

CricketArchive
# New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 1913–14

The New Zealand cricket team toured Australia from early December 1913 to late January 1914, playing four first-class matches against state teams and five other matches.

## The team

Three of New Zealand’s leading batsmen, David Collins, Harold Lusk and Arthur Sims, were unavailable. The provincial cricket associations were asked to submit the names of suitable players from their regions. Out of 40 players nominated, 14 were eventually chosen.
* Dan Reese (captain)
* Joe Bennett
* Charles Boxshall
* Tom Carlton
* Lancelot Hemus
* Rupert Hickmott
* Billy Patrick
* Charles Robinson
* Don Sandman
* Nessie Snedden
* Robert Somervell
* Leslie Taylor
* Henry Tattersall
* Bertie Tuckwell

## Tour matches

The New Zealanders won the first first-class match against Queensland, lost to New South Wales and Victoria, and drew with South Australia.

### First match

* 12-13 December 1913 (2-day match) Scorecard
* New Zealand won by 303 runs Albion Ground, West Maitland
* New Zealand won the toss and decided to bat

### Second match

* 14-15 December 1913 (2-day match) Scorecard
* New Zealanders won by an innings and 46 runs Glen Innes Showground, Glen Innes
* Toss not known

### Third match

* 12-22 December 1913 (3-day match) Scorecard
* New Zealand won by 12 runs Woolloongabba, Brisbane Umpires: William Carvosso and Andrew Horrigan
* Queensland won the toss and decided to field
* 21 December was a rest day

### Fourth match

* 26-27 December 1913 (3-day match) Scorecard
* New South Wales won by an innings and 247 runs Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: Wally French and John Gairns
* New South Wales won the toss and decided to field
* The match was scheduled for three days but completed in two

### Fifth match

* 31 December 1913-1 January 1914 (2-day match) Scorecard
* New Zealand won by 8 wickets Goulburn Sportsground, Goulburn
* Toss not known

### Sixth match

* 3-5 January 1914 (2-day match) Scorecard
* New Zealand won by an innings and 127 runs Albury Sports Ground, Albury
* Toss not known
* 4 January was a rest day

### Seventh match

* 9-10 January 1914 (timeless match) Scorecard
* Victoria won by an innings and 110 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: Edward Barrass and Bob Crockett
* New Zealanders won the toss and decided to bat

### Eighth match

* 16-19 January 1914 (3-day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: F.J.C. Thomas and J.G. Wagstaff
* New Zealanders won the toss and decided to bat
* 18 January was a rest day

### Ninth match

* 21-22 January 1914 (2-day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne
* Toss not known
# New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute

The New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute — founded in 1911 by Dr. Abraham A. Brill — is the oldest psychoanalytic organization in the United States.
The charter members were: Louis Edward Bisch, Brill, Horace Westlake Frink, Frederick James Farnell, William C. Garvin, August Hoch, Morris J. Karpas, George H. Kirby, Clarence P. Oberndorf, Bronislaw Onuf, Ernest Marsh Poate, Charles Ricksher, Jacob Rosenbloom, Edward W. Scripture and Samuel A. Tannenbaum.
The institute was a professional home to some of the leaders in psychoanalytic education and treatment, such as Margaret Mahler, Ernst Kris, Kurt R. Eissler, Heinz Hartmann, Abram Kardiner, Rudolph Loewenstein, Charles Brenner, Thaddeus Ames, Robert C. Bak, and Otto Kernberg.
# Mourad Oussedik

Mourad Oussedik, born on 26 August 1926 in Bougaa, Algeria, and died on 14 June 2005 in Paris, was a Franco-Algerian lawyer.
He was known for defending the activists of the FLN. He was one of the founding members of the group of lawyers of the FLN together with Jacques Vergès. He became a deputy of the first constituent assembly of the Algerian Republic and then defended, in particular, the terrorist Illitch Ramirez Sanchez (alias “Carlos the Jackal”) and the Church of Scientology.

## Biography

He came from a family of notables from Aïn El Hammam (ex-Michelet), in Greater Kabylia. His father, Sedik, was a lawyer in Béjaïa, his mother came from one of the richest and most powerful families of Algeria, which made fortune under the Regency of Algiers the maraboutic family AMEUR.

## The group of FLN lawyers

Arrested for insubordination in 1949 by the French authorities, while he was a lawyer in Bejaïa (Petite Kabylie, 250 km east of Algiers), Mourad Oussedik was contacted in 1955 by the FLN to form a group of lawyers. What he did with Amokrane Ould Aoudia, Abdessamad Ben Abdallah and Jacques Vergès. The lawyer Jean-Jacques de Felice also collaborated with Mourad Oussedik. During the years of the Algerian war, several lawyers were killed, either by police forces or by agents of OAS a little later, for example Amokrane Ould Aoudia, who was shot dead on May 23, 1959 in front of his office, by the order of the French secret services. With around one hundred members, the group undertook during the liberation war to defend the rights of the FLN activists of the federation of France. Not long after that they were joined by Roland Dumas or Gisèle Halimi.

### Shooting at Le Thélème bar (February 28, 1975)

Mourad Oussedik is one of the lawyers injured in February 1975, during the operation against the Zemmour Brothers in the Parisian bar Le Thélème (today Le Cardinal Saint-Germain), which created "One of the bloodiest events of the anti-gang war against the Parisian milieu".

### Other Issues

Registered at the Paris Bar, he has been the defender of opponents of King Hassan II of Morocco, Kurdish demonstrators arrested in Paris, as well as many Algerian nationals in France, including the singer Khaled."I went to find Master Oussedik, telling him that I had problems, and he found solutions for them", testified one of his clients at his funeral. It was also Mourad Oussedik who, alongside Jacques Vergès, defended the terrorist Carlos in the early 1990s, then the Church of Scientology in 1999. Nothing contradictory in this profession, according to the testimony of a friend and colleague. : “In 1960, Mourad Oussedik defended the FLN. I found myself defending the interests of members of the Organisation armée secrète (OAS). But deep down, we were both for freedom. "
# Gog (trilobite)

Gog is a genus of large, flattened asaphid trilobite from the Middle Arenig-aged Svalbard, Valhallfonna Formation, Olenidsletta, Member, of Spitzbergen, Norway (G. catillus), and the Upper Arenig-aged Dawan Formation in Hubei, China (G. yangtzeensis).
# Gmina Jarczów

Gmina Jarczów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Jarczów, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski and 118 km (73 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
The gmina covers an area of 107.5 square kilometres (41.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,618 (3,642 in 2013).

## Villages

Gmina Jarczów contains the villages and settlements of Chodywańce, Gródek, Gródek-Kolonia, Jarczów, Jarczów-Kolonia Druga, Jarczów-Kolonia Pierwsza, Jurów, Korhynie, Łubcze, Nedeżów, Plebanka, Przewłoka, Sowiniec, Szlatyn, Wierszczyca, Wola Gródecka, Wola Gródecka-Kolonia and Zawady.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Jarczów is bordered by the gminas of Łaszczów, Lubycza Królewska, Rachanie, Tomaszów Lubelski and Ulhówek.
# Gmina Janów

Gmina Janów may refer to either of the following rural administrative districts in Poland:
* Gmina Janów, Silesian Voivodeship
* Gmina Janów, Podlaskie Voivodeship
# Gmina Jarocin

Gmina Jarocin may refer to either of the following administrative districts in Poland:
* Gmina Jarocin, Greater Poland Voivodeship
* Gmina Jarocin, Subcarpathian Voivodeship