OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Bond Sprague Prize

The Thomas Bond Sprague Prize is a prize awarded annually to the student or students showing the greatest distinction in actuarial science, finance, insurance, mathematics of operational research, probability, risk and statistics in the Master of Mathematics/Master of Advanced Studies examinations of the University of Cambridge, also known as Part III of the Mathematical Tripos. The prize is named after Thomas Bond Sprague, the only person to have been president of both the Institute of Actuaries in London and the Faculty of Actuaries in Edinburgh. It is awarded by the Rollo Davidson Trust of Churchill College, Cambridge, following a donation by D. O. Forfar, MA, FFA, FRSE (alumnus of Trinity College, Cambridge), former Appointed Actuary of Scottish Widows.

## List of recipients

* 2012 P. J. S. Lowth (Clare)
* 2013 P. Parmar (Trinity) and S. E. Penington (Clare)
* 2014 T. Assiotis (Trinity) and T. B. Berrett (Gonville and Caius)
* 2015 P. Gurican (Trinity) and A. Q. Wang (St John's)
* 2016 S. M. Olesker-Taylor (St John's) and I. Spasojevic (Trinity)
* 2017 O. Feng (Trinity) and D. Heydecker (Queens')
* 2018 B. B. He (Queens') and M. Lehmkuehler (Girton)
* 2019 P. Bevan (Queens')
* 2022 E. Katiyar (Corpus Christi), S. McInerney (St John's) and D. Yue (Emmanuel)
* 2023 L. J. Hill (Trinity) and M. Augustynowicz (Trinity)
# Paul Koch

Paul Koch may refer to:
* Paul Koch (cyclist) (1897–1959), German cyclist
* Paul Koch (footballer) (born 1966), Luxembourg footballer
* Paul Koch (runner) (born ?), American runner in the 2006 World Long Distance Mountain Running Challenge
# Donja Slatina, Ribnik

Donja Slatina (Serbian Cyrillic: Доња Слатина) is a village in the municipality of Ribnik, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Sodium tetraphenylborate

Sodium tetraphenylborate is the organic compound with the formula NaB(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$. It is a salt, wherein the anion consists of four phenyl rings bonded to boron. This white crystalline solid is used to prepare other tetraphenylborate salts, which are often highly soluble in organic solvents. The compound is used in inorganic and organometallic chemistry as a precipitating agent for potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and caesium ions, and some organic nitrogen compounds.

## Synthesis and structure

Sodium tetraphenylborate is synthesized by the reaction between sodium tetrafluoroborate and phenylmagnesium bromide:
    NaBF$_4$ + 4 PhMgBr → 2 MgBr$_2$ + 2 MgF$_2$ + NaBPh$_4$ (where Ph = phenyl)
A related synthesis involves the use of phenylsodium in place of the Grignard reagent.
Unlike smaller counteranions, such as nitrate and the halides, tetraphenylborate confers lipophilicity to its salts. Many analogous tetraarylborates have been synthesized, containing both electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl groups.
The anhydrous salt adopts a polymeric structure in the solid state consisting of Na$^+$-phenyl interactions. As such the salt could be classified as an organosodium compound.

## Use in chemical synthesis
### Preparation of N-acylammonium salts

Addition of sodium tetraphenylborate to a solution of a tertiary amine and an acid chloride in acetonitrile gives the acylonium salt by precipitating NaCl from the reaction mixture. This method has a broad scope:
    RC(O)Cl + R'$_3$N + NaB(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$ → [RC(O)NR'$_3$][B(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$] + NaCl
Sodium tetraphenylborate is also employed as a phenyl donor in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions involving vinyl and aryl triflates to give arylalkenes and biaryl compounds in good yields and under mild conditions, respectively.

### Use in coordination chemistry

Tetraphenylborates are often studied in organometallic chemistry because of their good solubility in nonpolar solvents and their crystallinity. For example, the homoleptic trimethylphosphite complexes {M[P(OCH$_3$)$_3$]$_5$}$^{2+}$ (Ni, Pd, and Pt) have been prepared as their tetraphenylborate salts. Similarly, sodium tetraphenylborate has been used to isolate complexes containing dinitrogen ligands. In the reaction below, sodium tetraphenylborate allows N$_2$ to displace the chloride ligand, which is removed from solution as a precipitate of sodium chloride:
    FeHCl(diphosphine)$_2$ + NaB(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$ + N$_2$ → [FeH(N$_2$)(diphosphine)$_2$]B(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$ + NaCl
The use of tetraphenylborate is limited to non-acidic cations. With strong acids, the anion undergoes protonolysis to give triphenylborane and benzene:
    H$^+$ + B(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$$^−$ → B(C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$ + C$_6$H$_6$

## Related tetraorganoborates

Weakly coordinating anions often are based on tetraarylborates, with electronegative substituents. Examples include B(C$_6$F$_5$)$_4$$^−$ and Brookhart's acid containing the tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anion.
# Eddleston railway station

Eddleston railway station served the village of Eddleston, Scottish Borders, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. It was situated on the west side of Station Road. Initially, it had one platform but another was built along with a passing loop in the 1890s. The goods yard was small, behind the up platform and had two sidings, one serving a dock. A Camping coach was noticed standing in the goods yard in the 1930s. By this time, the down platform was taken out of use, the passing loop was lifted and the signal box was demolished. The station still remained open to passengers and goods traffic until the closure of the line on 5 February 1962.
# Stuttgart Database of Scientific Illustrators 1450–1950

The Stuttgart Database of Scientific Illustrators 1450–1950 (abbreviated DSI) is an online repository of bibliographic data about people who illustrated published scientific works from the time of the invention of the printing press, around 1450, until 1950; the latter cut-off chosen with the intention of excluding currently-active illustrators. The database includes those who worked in a variety of fields, including anatomical, astronomical, botanical, zoological and medical illustration.
The database is hosted by the University of Stuttgart. Content is displayed in English, and is free to access. As of October 2023, the database includes over 13,000 illustrators. The site is searchable by 20 fields.
Suggestions for additional entries, or amendments, may be submitted by members of the public, but are subject to editorial review before inclusion.
# Loxostege thrallophilalis

Loxostege thrallophilalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Duryea Hulst in 1886. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from southern British Columbia to northern California, as well as from Montana.
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are dark rich brown with black lines. The hindwings are brown with a black border.
# Federal Occupational Health

Federal Occupational Health (FOH) is a non-appropriated agency currently within the Program Support Center of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the largest provider of occupational health services in the U.S. federal government, providing services exclusively to federal agencies. FOH was previously part of the U.S. Public Health Service from its formation in 1946 until 2001.

## Activities

FOH is the largest provider of occupational health services in the U.S. federal government, serving more than 360 federal agencies and reaching 1.8 million federal employees. FOH provides services exclusively to federal agencies including the Department of Defense. It works in partnership with federal organizations nationally and internationally to design and deliver comprehensive occupational health solutions exclusively to federal employees.
It has 300 health centers throughout the U.S. and a network of over 700 private-provider physicians and nurses through which it provides clinical services, including emergency response, physical exams, immunizations, vision and health screenings, and health risk appraisals. It also maintains more than 200 counseling offices in federal buildings as well as a network of affiliate counselors in approximately 1,000 locations across the country.

## History

Federal Occupational Health's earliest predecessor was created in 1946. The Federal Employee Health Division was established in 1947 within the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) Bureau of Medical Services. It was absorbed by the Division of Hospitals in 1949, but was split out again in 1966 as the Federal Employee Health Program. After the PHS reorganizations of 1966–1973, it was placed in a different Bureau of Medical Services within the Health Services Administration.
In 1982, a high-level merger of agencies placed the Division of Federal Employee Occupational Health within the Bureau of Community Health Services in the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). As of 1985, it was called the Division of Federal Occupational Health and Beneficiary Health Services. By 1997, the division had been renamed the Division of Federal Occupational Health.
In 2001, Federal Occupational Health was transferred out of HRSA and PHS into the Program Support Center, part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration.
# Sitara

Sitara or Sithara may refer to:

## People

* Sithara (actress) (born 1973), Indian actress
* Sithara (singer) (born 1986), Indian singer
* Sitara Devi (1920–2014), Indian dancer
* Sitara (actress), Pakistani film actress
* Sitara Hewitt, a British-Pakistani-American actress
* Mohan Sithara (born 1959), Malayalam film music composer

## Film and television

* Sitara (1980 film), a 1980 Hindi-language Indian feature film
* Sitaara, a 1984 Telugu-language Indian feature film
* Sitara (2019 film), an Indian Bengali-language film
* Sitara: Let Girls Dream, a 2020 Pakistani animated short film

## Other uses

* Sitara (textile), an ornamental curtain used in the sacred sites of Islam
* Sitara ARM Processor, a family of processors available from Texas Instruments
* HAL HJT-36 Sitara, an Indian subsonic intermediate jet trainer aircraft
* Sitara (magazine), an Indian film news magazine
# Paul Knuth

Paul Erich Otto Wilhelm Knuth (20 November 1854 in Greifswald – 30 October 1900 in Kiel) was a 19th-century German botanist and pollination ecologist.
He studied chemistry and natural history at the University of Greifswald and obtained his doctorate degree in 1876. He then took up a career as "high school" (Realschule) teacher, first in Iserlohn in Westphalia and from 1881 in Kiel. Parallel with his teaching duties, he found time to study the flora of Schleswig-Holstein and the North Frisian Islands and meticulous studies of plant-pollinator interactions, which he published in his monumental work Handbuch der Blütenbiologie (Handbook of Flower Biology; from 1898 and continued after his death by Otto Appel and Ernst Loew). From 1891 he suffered from illness. He was granted leave of absence to visit the botanic garden at Buitenzorg in Java, where he stayed for five months and did pollination studies. He returned to Kiel via Japan, California and New York.
# Lykaio

Lykaio may refer to:
* Mount Lykaion, Greece
* Lykaio (town), Greece
# Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music

The Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music spanning the years of 1780 to 1980 and is maintained by Johns Hopkins University as part of Special Collections at the Milton S. Eisenhower Library. The collection was sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
# Pages Wood

Pages Wood is a 74 hectare wood and public park in Harold Wood in the London Borough of Havering. It is the largest Forestry England site in the Thames Chase Community Forest, and 100,000 trees have been planted since it opened in 2002. It also has meadow areas, 6.5 kilometres of footpaths and 2.2 kilometres of bridlepaths.
Its north west boundary is separated from Harold Wood Park by the River Ingrebourne, and the river runs through the south west corner. The London Loop goes through the park. There is access from Hall Lane, where there is a car park, and by a bridge over the river from Harold Wood Park.
# Jón Þorvaldsson (abbot)

Jón Þorvaldsson (died 12 May 1514) was an Icelandic priest at Höskuldsstaðir in Skagaströnd and then an abbot in Þingeyraklaustur from around 1500. However, he had been in charge of the monastery since his uncle, Ásgrímur Jónsson, died in 1495.
# Things My Girlfriend and I Have Argued About

Things My Girlfriend and I Have Argued About is a novel by English writer Mil Millington. The work began as a website that Millington made about his arguments with his German girlfriend, Margret. Millington also adapted this theme to a column in The Guardian.

## Plot

Pel lives with his German girlfriend Ursula and their two children, and works in the IT department of a university library (or "Learning Centre"). The story begins with Pel receiving an odd call from his boss, TSR, who quizzes him about extradition treaties; within a week he has vanished without a trace, and Pel is promoted to TSR's former position, "Computer Team Administration, Software Acquisition and Training Manager" (though, in addition to his own job).
The story follows both Pel's home and work lives; at home, there are the arguments with Ursula over the search for a new home, after the latest burglary of their current home; defrosting the fridge during the moving preparations; Ursula terrifying the builders working on the repairs of the new house; a skiing accident, leaving Ursula with a torn ligament in her shoulder.
At work, Pel finds that taking on TSR's job involves more than it seemed at first; he has to pay off student recruiters from the Pacific Ring, who happen to be members of The Triads; he has to take care of the details of the building of a new Learning Centre building, which involves hiding the fact that skeletons from an ancient burial ground have been illegally dumped from the site, and a dangerous neurotoxin to be buried under it.
These details lead him to become closely involved with the permanently hungover Vice Chancellor of the university, which leads to his receiving another promotion, to Learning Centre Manager; the previous holder of that position having left to pursue his fetish website.

## The website

The website began in 2001 as a section of the author's home page, and quickly attracted a cult following for its humorous anecdotes, based on real arguments, chronicling arguments over such things as remote controls, the correct way to cut a kiwifruit, and even arguments over arguments.
Within two weeks the author had received offers from two publishers, and set about writing the book; in the meantime, however, he became embroiled in a legal argument when The Mail on Sunday printed, without permission, segments from the website.

### Plagiarism

Millington received a call from an editor at the Mail on Sunday, who offered him £800 for permission to run excerpts from the website as an article. Because he had recently accepted a book-publishing deal, he declined the offer. However, the article ran in the February 11, 2001 edition of the newspaper. Millington and Margret's names were changed and Millington's site was not mentioned.
Millington wrote about the incident on his website and was shocked by the amount of support he received from his readers. Several websites picked up the story, most notably The Register, who had themselves been plagiarised by The Daily Mail, a sister newspaper of the Mail on Sunday.
The Mail on Sunday wrote Millington a letter of apology and paid him £1600.
# Thomas Dalton (judge)

Thomas Dalton (died 23 June 1730) was an English-born judge in Ireland, who became Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer.
Dalton was born in Hampshire, the eldest son of the Reverend Peter Dalton. His mother belonged to the prominent Dominick family of Dublin, who gave their name to Dominick Street in Dublin city centre. Sir Christopher Dominick (died 1743), who began laying out the street in the 1720s, was his uncle. He graduated from Queen's College, Oxford in 1702 and became a fellow of All Souls' College in 1706. He was called to the Bar in 1711. In 1725 he was appointed Lord Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and held that office until his death in 1730, aged about fifty-five. He was buried in St Andrew's Church, Dublin.
He was married to Jane Dyott, whose father Richard Dyott was the owner of the infamous rookery (slum) in the parish of St Giles, London, generally considered one of the worst slums not only in London but in the whole of Britain. According to a lawsuit over an annuity (bequeathed to him in trust by a certain Lady Wych), which was resolved some four years after his death, Dalton had one son, also named Thomas, who was still a minor at the time of his father's death. Archbishop Boulter after his death wrote compassionately of "his family, who suffered (i.e. financially) from his coming here".
According to Elrington Ball, during his years at Oxford he had a reputation for pride and arrogance; enemies called him a proud empty Whig, who offended his Tory opponents by throwing a celebration dinner on each anniversary of the execution of Charles I. However, he earned a good reputation as Chief Baron and after his premature death tributes were paid in verse to him as a "learned and unbiased judge."
Dalton's high reputation in Ireland is confirmed by a letter written by Hugh Boulter, the influential Archbishop of Armagh, who was consulted on all senior judicial appointments. Richard West, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, had died suddenly at the end of 1726: Boulter wrote to the Lord Lieutenant, Lord Granville, recommending Thomas Wyndham, who was successful in obtaining the office. Should Wyndham prove unsuitable for any reason, the Archbishop recommended Dalton, as "having a very good character here, and being well skilled in the affairs of Ireland." After Dalton's death Boulter wrote that the Crown had never had a more zealous, able and diligent servant.
Dalton died on 23 June 1730, after a short illness. According to his friends the crushing workload in the Court of Exchequer (Ireland) hastened his end.
# Spanning

Spanning may refer to:
* Disc spanning, a feature of CD and DVD burning software
* File spanning, the ability to package a single file or data stream into separate files of a specified size
* Linear spanning, a concept in abstract algebra
* Spanning tree, a subgraph which is a tree, containing all the vertices of a graph
* Søren Spanning (1951–2020), Danish actor
# Dorth

Dorth (sometimes "Kring van Dorth") is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It existed between 1818 and 1831, when it was merged with the village of Gorssel.
The municipality covered the area around the present hamlets of Kring van Dorth and De Schoolt.
# Smebye

Smebye is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Einar Henning Smebye (born 1950), Norwegian pianist and music teacher
* Sigurd Smebye (1886–1954), Norwegian gymnast
# Leuconostoc citreum

Leuconostoc citreum is a vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 1837. Its genome has been sequenced.
# Mandara

Mandara is an ethnic group and a language family in West Africa. It is also an alternative spelling of "mandarah", referring to a guest room in Middle Eastern buildings, especially in Egypt.
Additionally, it may refer to:

## West Africa

* Mandara languages is one of the group of Chadic languages
* Mandara Kingdom of Cameroon
* Mandara Mountains of Cameroon
* Mandara people, also called the Mandrawa, of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria

## Other

* El Mandara, a neighbourhood in Alexandria, Egypt
* Bali Mandara Toll Road, an elevated toll road in Bali, Indonesia
* Mandara or Mandala, Hindu and Buddhist religious object or symbol
* Mandara people (Australia), an Australian Aboriginal tribe
* Mandara tree, the legume Erythrina stricta
* Mandaraba tree, the Indian Coral Tree (Erythrina variegata)
* The crown flower plant Calotropis gigantea
* Mount Mandara, a mythical mountain in the Hindu Puranas
* Mandara (TV series), a German television series
* Mandara language, an Austronesian language spoken on the Tabar Group of islands, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
* Mandara Spa, a global spa management company founded in Bali and now under the company Steiner Leisure Limited
# PHP License

The PHP License is the open-source license under which the PHP scripting language is released. The PHP License is designed to encourage widespread adoption of the source code. Redistribution is permitted in source or binary form with or without modifications, with some caveats.
Version 3 of PHP used a dual license—PHP 3's source is available under either the PHP License or the GNU General Public License (GPL). This practice was discontinued as of PHP 4, with PHP's developers citing the restrictions on reuse associated with the GPL's copyleft enforcement as being the reason for dropping it. The Zend Engine, the core of the PHP interpreter, is separately licensed under the similar Zend Engine License, which contains similar naming restrictions to the PHP license (applying to the names "Zend" and "Zend Engine"), and a clause requiring advertising materials to mention its use.

## Criticism

The PHP License is an open source license according to the Open Source Initiative, and a non-copyleft free software license according to the Free Software Foundation. The license is GPL-incompatible due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.
Debian maintainers have had a long-standing discussion (since at least 2005) about the validity of the PHP license. Expressed concerns include that the license "contains statements about the software it covers that are specific to distributing PHP itself", which, for other software than PHP itself therefore would be "false statements".
Debian has a specific policy for the license (and requires a statement in debian/copyright file when it is used): "The PHP license must only be used for PHP and PHP add-ons."
# Things Past (Malcolm Muggeridge)

Things Past is a 1978 anthology of writings by Malcolm Muggeridge. The earliest entry is dated 1928, the last 1978, the year of publication. The range of subjects is largely autobiographical, including Muggeridge's encounters with Kim Philby and others of his generation.