OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pardon (magazine)

pardon was a German satirical magazine, which appeared biweekly from 1962 to 1982. It was published to criticise the conservative situation of the Adenauer era.
pardon worked in a combination of politics and humour, information and satire, philosophy and graphics. Its authors included students who became known only later, writers Robert Gernhardt and F. W. Bernstein, and graphic artists F. K. Waechter, Kurt Halbritter [de], Hans Traxler [de], Volker Ernsting [de] and Chlodwig Poth [de]. Guest authors included Alice Schwarzer, Günter Wallraff and Gerhard Kromschröder [de]. Commentators included Freimut Duve and Robert Jungk. Wilhelm Genazino was a member of the editorial staff for some time.

## History
### 1961 to 1971

A test version of pardon appeared in 1961, the first regular issue appeared om 27 August 1962, founded by publishers Hans A. Nikel [de] and Erich Bärmeier [de]. Loriot designed the first title page. Among the first writers were Werner Finck, Wolfgang Bauer, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Martin Walser and Günter Grass. pardon was successful from the start. The FAZ summarised later that pardon influenced the zeitgeist of its era, leaving a mark on post-war history ("Pardon hat unter Nikels Leitung mit dessen literarisch-satirischem Spürsinn 18 Jahre lang Einfluss auf den Zeitgeist der Republik genommen – eine markante Phase der Nachkriegsgeschichte.") pardon was for a while the most popular satirical magazine in Europe, reaching more than 1.5 million regular readers then. The politician Franz Josef Strauß began 18 legal cases against the magazine, and lost them all.

### Reorganisation

In 1971, Erich Bärmeier left the team. Several authors disliked a change to less satire and more film and travel topics. Some of them founded the group Neue Frankfurter Schule which published the Titanic magazine from 1979. Nikel won authors such as Elke Heidenreich and Peter Härtling, among others. He discovered new talent, including Paul Badde [de] and Matthias Horx [de]. He published caricatures by Tom Bunk, Freimut Wössner [de], Gerhard Seyfried, Brösel and Bernd Pfarr [de]. Nikel ended his tenure in October 1980, leaving the pardon license to Hermann L. Gremliza of konkret, with chief editor Henning Venske [de]. Their first issue appeared in May 1982, but the magazine was discontinued in July that year. Revivals have been tried but were shortlived.

## Literature

* Oliver Maria Schmitt [de]: Die schärfsten Kritiker der Elche in Wort und Strich und Bild. Alexander Fest, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8286-0109-X.
* Kurt Halbritter [de]: Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf - Gezeichnete Erinnerungen an eine Große Zeit [Adolf Hitler's My Struggle - drawn memories of a big time]. (1968)
** Carl Hanser Verlag, 4. edition 1998, ISBN 3-446-15063-3.
** NBad Malente: Vitolibro. 2014, ISBN 978-3-86940-110-2
# Tom Knott

Tom Knott is a columnist for the Sports and Metro sections of The Washington Times.

## Education

Knott has a B.A. degree in psychology from George Mason University.

## Reception by other journalists

Knott is cited as an authority by other journalists, such as on PBS and the Los Angeles Times, as well as by sports researchers. Knott's journalism notably attracts critical attention from other journalists.
Brendan Nyhan, writing in Salon.com, roundly criticizes both the Washington Times and Tom Knott for its reportage of the National Education Association.
News sites such as Cleveland.com's sports blog have repeatedly attacked Knott; for example in 2009 'Starting Blocks' wrote "Washington Times columnist Tom Knott, who has a history of bashing LeBron James, got back at it in today's headline: 'Everyone's a witness to LeBron's whining.'" The article continues "But of course Knott didn't stop there."
Writing in the Huffington Post, journalist Etan Thomas rebuked Knott for attacking him as unpatriotic, and described him "because of his far right politics", as "absolutely blinded to reality", with reference to issues such as "public school system, the broken health care system, the government's lack of a response to Hurricane Katrina, an unjust war".
Dan Steinberg, writing in The Washington Post's 'D.C. Sports Bog', discusses Knott's attack on Gilbert Arenas, and defends Arenas's conduct.
Martin Austermuhle, writing on DCist, comments that "We've always been amused by Tom Knott, the Washington Times Metro columnist who on a weekly basis directs his wrath at someone or something in the District and beyond." Discussing Knott's reaction to the Washington, D.C. smoking ban, Austermuhle writes that "Knott doesn't so much take on the ban as he does the people who supported it."
# William Audsley

William James Audsley (1833–1907) was an architect and a medical doctor of Scottish descent.

## Life

William James Audsley was born in 1833 in Dufftown, Scotland. William James Audsley and his business partner (and brother) George Ashdown Audsley, first lived in Liverpool, running W. & G. Audsley – an architectural firm based in Liverpool, UK. William started living in New York City from 1892.
# Gotthilf August von Maltitz

Gotthilf August Freiherr von Maltitz (July 9, 1794 – June 7, 1837) was a German writer.
Von Maltitz was born in Königsberg (then in the Kingdom of Prussia). He studied forestry in Tharandt, and became a forest overseer (Oberförsterstelle) in Prussia in 1821. However he left the position the next year because a satirical work of his offended his superiors.
He moved to Berlin, where he wrote satires and plays and became well known in high-society circles. His humorous works were probably most popular, including Ränzel und Wanderstab (1821) and Gelasius (1826). He also wrote some well-received dramas, including Schwur und Rache (1826) and Hans Kohlhaas (1828). Another 1828 play, however, Der alte Student, had a Polish protagonist and was judged to contain political agitation for Poland by the Prussian authorities, leading to his banishment from Berlin.
In 1828, he moved to the state of Hamburg, where he became editor of the journal Norddeutscher Courrier. In 1829, he wrote Das Pasquill, a dramatization of transparent versus concealed political culture, which "became quite popular in German theatres of the time." He went to Paris in 1830 following the July Revolution, but was soon disappointed and returned to the German states, where he lived in Dresden, Saxony until his death there in 1837. He published a collection of political poems as Pfefferkörner in four booklets from 1831 to 1834, and a collection of his satirical writings was published posthumously as Humoristische Raupen in 1839.
# Murray Pond

Murray Pond (77°33′S 160°55′E﻿ / ﻿77.550°S 160.917°E﻿ / -77.550; 160.917) is a pond 0.4 nautical miles (0.7 km) east-southeast of Gupwell Pond in the Labyrinth of Wright Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys. It is the W-most of the three aligned ponds lying south of the east part of Hoffman Ledge. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2004) after D.F.C. Murray, a driller with the New Zealand drilling team during the McMurdo Dry Valleys Drilling Project, 1973–76.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Murray Pond". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This McMurdo Dry Valleys location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Music for Nurses

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Drowned in Sound | (8/10) link |
| Kerrang! | |
| Scene Point Blank | (7.5/10) link |
Music for Nurses is a 2004 EP by Oceansize.

## Track listing

* "One out of None" (5:40)
* "Paper Champion" (5:45)
* "Drag the 'Nal" (1:45)
* "Dead Dogs an' All Sorts" (4:44)
* "As the Smoke Clears" (7:05)
# William Best (cricketer)

William Finlay Best (30 May 1865 – 3 August 1942) was an English cricketer who played in five first-class cricket matches for Kent County Cricket Club between 1890 and 1892.
Best was born in Smarden in Kent, the son of a farmer originally from County Durham. He was educated at Grove House School at Folkestone and made his living as a hop factor, sourcing hops for the brewing industry. He spent his working life based largely in Lancashire and played cricket for Preston Cricket Club between 1890 and 1905, scoring more than 10,000 runs and taking almost 600 wickets for the club.
He made his first-class debut for Kent in 1890 and Trent Bridge against Nottinghamshire. He played for the side twice in 1890 and only once in 1891 when he took a hat-trick against Somerset at Taunton, his first wickets in senior cricket. He played for Kent only twice more, both matches in 1892 when he made his highest first-class score of 26 runs against Lancashire at Old Trafford and took two ore wickets against Yorkshire at Bradford. Four or his five matches came away from Kent's home grounds, the exception being his second appearance for the county which was at Tonbridge.
Best married Ellen Westwell in 1892. He suffered from mitral valvular disease and died in hospital at Ruthin Castle in Denbighshire in 1942 aged 77.
# William Betham (1749–1839)

Rev. William Betham (1749–1839) was an English clergyman and antiquarian, best known for his work on the history of the English Baronetage.

## Career

He was born at Little Strickland, near Morland, Westmoreland, on 17 May 1749. His father was William Betham, born in 1698. He was educated at the public school of Bampton, was ordained in 1773, apparently without graduating at a university, and became chaplain to the Earl of Ancaster. From 1784 to 1833 he was head master of the endowed school at Stonham Aspel in Suffolk, which post he resigned in 1833, on being presented to the rectory of Stoke Lacy, in the Diocese of Hereford. He died six years later in 1839, aged 90.

## Works

* Genealogical Tables of the Sovereigns of the World, from the Earliest to the Present Period, giving Pedigrees of Royal Families, beginning with the Antediluvian Patriarchs, and concluding with the House of Cromwell. Published by subscription in 1795. It was dedicated to King George III.
* The Baronetage of England, or the History of the English Baronets, and such Baronets of Scotland as are of English Families, with Genealogical Tables and Engravings of their Armorial Bearings was published in five volumes between 1801 and 1805. The baronets are listed in the volumes by reign of monarch and by order of creation. The armorials of each baronet are illustrated in monochrome plates at the end of each volume.
   * Volume I (1801), Baronets created by King James I, published in Ipswich, dedicated to James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury. From Bacon of Redgrave (1) (22 May 1611) to Haggerston (96) (15 August 1643).
   * Volume II (1802), Baronets created by King Charles I published in London, dedicated to Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis.
   * Volume III (1803), Baronets created by King Charles II (continued), dedicated to the Earl of Dysart. Dyke (194) of Horeham (3 March 1676) to Smith (313) of Sydling (3 May 1774)
   * Volume IV (1804), Baronets created by King George III (continued), dedicated to Sir William Jerningham, Baronet; Duntze (314) (28 October 1774) to Stirling (466) of Faskine (30 November 1800)
   * Volume V (1805), Supplement published in London, dedicated to Sir Hugh Inglis, Baronet.

## Marriage and children

In 1774, he married Mary Damont, daughter of William Damont, of Eye, Suffolk. They had fifteen children. Sir William II Betham, born in 1779, was his eldest surviving son who became an antiquarian and herald. He was Ulster King of Arms from 1820 until his death in 1853. Their daughter Mary Matilda Betham was a painter and a poet.
# William Cubley

William Harold Cubley (9 October 1816 – 1896) was an English painter of landscapes and portraits in the tradition of Sir Joshua Reynolds. He studied with Sir William Beechey, and was an important early influence on Sir William Nicholson and William Caparne.

## Life

Cubley was born on 9 October 1816 in Heanor, Derbyshire. His father was a needlemaker. The family moved to Nottingham in 1819, where Cubley saw the Reform Riots of 1831 and the burning of Nottingham Castle, and in 1834 moved again, to Newark-on-Trent. Cubley married Jane Spencer in 1838. He took lessons in London with Richard Rothwell, member of the Royal Hibernian Academy and former studio assistant to Sir Thomas Lawrence. Cubley also studied with Sir William Beechey, who had been a pupil of Reynolds. Cubley taught art in Grantham and Lincoln, and at Magnus Grammar School in Newark, where he was known as "Old Cubley" and where William Nicholson and William Caparne were his pupils. His influence on Nicholson was considerable: he gave him weekly drawing lessons, took him on painting trips in the country, and may have persuaded Nicholson's father to allow the boy to take up full-time study of art. Nicholson later painted a portrait of Cubley, which he described as "a very bad portrait of a very good man"; it is now in the Long Gallery of Nottingham Castle.
Jane Cubley died in 1873, and in 1886 Cubley married Amy Jane Brown. In his 80th year he fell ill while on a painting trip in Wales, and died shortly afterwards at Bryndu, Llanberis, on 10 August 1896. He was buried at Newark.

## Works

Cubley travelled widely both in Britain and on the Continent painting landscapes, in oils and in watercolour. He also painted many portraits; in 1840 or 1841 he painted William Gladstone, who had become MP for Newark in 1832.
He exhibited both at the Royal Academy, where he showed Kate Kearney in 1863, Evening in the Lledr Valley, North Wales in 1868, Llyn Idwal in 1872 and A midsummer night – Abermaw Harbour, near Barmouth, North Wales in 1873, and also at the Suffolk Street gallery of the Society of British Artists. His landscape Llyn Idwal was shown again at the Third Annual International Exhibition in London in 1873, where it won a gold medal and was bought by the Walker Art Gallery of Liverpool.
# Murray Settlement, New Brunswick

Murray Settlement is a community in the Canadian province of New Brunswick located mainly on Route 126.
46°50′29″N 65°26′30″W﻿ / ﻿46.841348°N 65.441608°W﻿ / 46.841348; -65.441608
# Gornja Kupinovica

Gornja Kupinovica is a village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 189 people.
# Gornja Kupčina

Gornja Kupčina is a village near Jastrebarsko, Croatia, around 30 km west of Zagreb. Its population in 2011 was 148.
# Goumont

Goumont or variation may refer to:
* Hougoumont, formerly named "Goumont" (also 'Gomont'), a fortified farming estate involved in the Battle of Waterloo
* Marly Goumont (now Marly-Gomont), Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France; a commune that contained the medieval village of Marly and medieval hamlet of Goumont
* Chemin du Goumont, a path at the Memorial of Waterloo 1815
# Goodger, Queensland

Goodger is a rural locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Goodger had a population of 176 people.

## Geography

Boonenne is a neighbourhood in the north-west of the locality (26°37′00″S 151°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.6166°S 151.8°E﻿ / -26.6166; 151.8﻿ (Boonenne)).
The Kingaroy-Cooyar Road enters the locality from the south (Brooklands) and exits to the north (Taabinga).
The land use is a mixture of grazing on native vegetation with some crop growing and rural residential housing.

## History

The locality was named after the former Goodger railway station (26°39′23″S 151°49′08″E﻿ / ﻿26.65649°S 151.81885°E﻿ / -26.65649; 151.81885﻿ (Goodger railway station)) on the Tarong railway line which operated from 1915 to 1961, after the Goodger brothers (George, James and Howard A.) who were pioneer selectors.
Kunioon West Provisional School opened in 20 January 1902. On 1 January 1909, it became Kunioon West State School. It closed on 29 September 1946. It was on the north-western corner of the intersection of Goodger Gully Road, Kunioon West Road, and School Road (26°39′22″S 151°51′52″E﻿ / ﻿26.65598°S 151.86448°E﻿ / -26.65598; 151.86448﻿ (Kunioon West State School (former))).
The Boonenne railway station was also on the Tarong railway line (26°36′46″S 151°48′17″E﻿ / ﻿26.6127°S 151.8047°E﻿ / -26.6127; 151.8047﻿ (Boonenne)). The name Boonenne is a corruption of an Waka word boon-u-inn meaning myrtle tree. It was named by the Queensland Railways Department on 25 September 1914.
Stratharlie State School opened in 1915. In 1917, it was renamed Goodger State School. It closed on 10 August 1962. It was at Kingaroy Cooyar Road (26°39′23″S 151°49′08″E﻿ / ﻿26.65649°S 151.81885°E﻿ / -26.65649; 151.81885﻿ (Goodger State School (former))). The old school building is still on the site.
The district was the only area in Queensland with known kaolin deposits of economic importance between 1950 and 1986, and it consequently supplied all kaolin produced in the state. The earliest workings, known as Campbell's Pit, were in the south west of the locality.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Goodger had a population of 187 people.
In the 2021 census, Goodger had a population of 176 people.

## Economy

A granite quarry operates in the central west of the locality.

## Education

There are no schools in Goodger. The nearest government primary schools are:
* Taabinga State School in Kingaroy to the north
* Coolabunia State School in neighbouring Coolabunia to the north-east
* Nanango State School in Nanango to the east
* Kumbia State School in Kumbia to the south-west
The nearest government secondary schools are Kingaroy State High School in Kingaroy and Nanango State High School in Nanango.
# Nicolas van Houy

Nicolas van Houy or de Hoey (c.1550– 1611) was a Dutch Golden Age painter active in France. He was also an Age of Science and Reasoning contributor.

## Biography

Van Houy was born in Leiden. According to the RKD he was court painter to the French king Henry IV of France. He died in Paris.
He was the son of Jan de Hoey, active in Dijon (Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy), and in Paris from 1590–1611, where he is registered in the payment records of the French court. He is also thought to have been the grandfather of Nikolaus van Hoy.
# Nicolas van de Walle

Nicolas van de Walle (June 25, 1957 – July 15, 2024) was an American political scientist specializing in comparative politics. He taught at Cornell University since 2004, and was recently the Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Government. Between January 2004 and June 2008 he directed the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies. Before coming to Cornell, he taught at Michigan State University, and has worked at The World Bank and The United Nations Development Program. Since 2005, Van de Walle served as the Associate Dean for International Studies. Van de Walle had written the "Africa" book review section for Foreign Affairs since the May/June 2004 issue.
Born in Brussels, Belgium on June 25, 1957, he died on July 15, 2024, at the age of 67.

## Awards

In 2002, Van de Walle was awarded the G.M. Luebbert Prize of the American Political Science Association for the best book in comparative politics for his book African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979-1999 (Cambridge University Press, 2001).

## Education

* Ph.D., Princeton University, The Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs 1990
* M.S. in Economics (International Relations), London School of Economics and Political Science 1980
* B.A. in International Relations, University of Pennsylvania 1979
# William Beeley

William Beeley was an Anglican priest who was Archdeacon of Carmarthen from 1614–1640.
Beale was educated at University College, Oxford. He was the incumbent at Kings Stanley and the Prebendary of Llanryan.
# William Beehan

William Beehan (1853 – 27 October 1917) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 22 June 1903 to 21 June 1910; and then 22 June 1910 – 21 June 1917 when his term ended. He was appointed by the Liberal Government.
He was from Auckland.
# William Bees

William Dolman Bees VC (12 September 1871 – 20 June 1938) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Born in Midsomer Norton, Somerset he was 29 years old, and a private in the 1st Battalion, The Derbyshire Regiment (later The Sherwood Foresters), British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place on 30 September 1901 at Moedwil, South Africa for which he was awarded the VC:
   Private Bees was one of the Maxim-gun detachment, which at Moedwil, on the 30th September, 1901, had six men hit out of nine. Hearing his wounded comrades asking for water, he went forward, under a heavy fire, to a spruit held by Boers about 500 yards ahead of the gun, and brought back a kettle full of water. In going and returning he had to pass within 100 yards of some rocks also held by Boers, and the kettle which he was carrying was hit by several bullets.
He later achieved the rank of corporal. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Sherwood Foresters Museum at Nottingham Castle, England.
# Museo Nazionale d'Abruzzo

The Museo Nazionale d'Abruzzo is hosted in the Forte Spagnolo of L'Aquila.
The Museum is on three floors: on the ground floor, there is the giant skeleton of an Archidiskon meridionalis (improperly called mammoth, a prehistoric "elephant") found a few miles from Aquila in 1954, and an archeological section with pieces of the Italic pre-Roman period, a section with inscriptions and pieces from the Roman towns in Abruzzo, among them a fine Roman calendar from Amiternum (25 AD).
On the first floor the medieval and modern art section, with works of Abruzzese artists of the centuries 13-17th such as: the polyptych by Jacobello del Fiore; a Processional Cross by Nicola da Guardiagrele, a group of wooden and terracotta sculptures such as a St Sebastian by Silvestro dell'Aquila and another by Saturnino Gatti; paintings by Flemish and Roman and Neapolitan artists such as Sebastiano Conca, Giulio Cesare Bedeschini, Francesco Solimena, Francesco de Mura; finally the contemporary art section with such artists as M. Vaccari, Renato Guttuso, Virgilio Guidi, Giuseppe Capogrossi, Orfeo Tamburi, and Remo Brindisi.
# Nigeria at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

8 male athletes from Nigeria competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.

## Background

In many parts of Africa, people with physical and mental disabilities face widespread stigma. Examples include beliefs that they acquired their disabilities because their parents were witches or they are wizards; there is often intense cultural pressure for people with physical disabilities to remain hidden and out of the public eye. In many places, they are perceived to be monsters in need of healing. This is the context to which Nigerian Paralympians engage both society and sport internally, in their own country.

## Medals

The Nigerian Paralympic delegation left the Games having won more medals than their Olympic counterparts. Adeoye Ajibola would later go on to represent Nigeria in able-bodied competition.
| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Adeoye Ajibola | Athletics | Men's 100m T45-46 |
| Gold | Adeoye Ajibola | Athletics | Men's 200m T45-46 |
| Gold | Monday Emoghavwe | Powerlifting | Men's 60kg |
| Silver | Adeoye Ajibola | Athletics | Men's long jump F45-46 |
| Silver | Abraham Obaretin | Powerlifting | Men's 48kg |
| Bronze | Johnson Sulola | Powerlifting | Men's 52kg |
| Bronze | Patrick Akutaekwe | Powerlifting | Men's 100kg |
| Bronze | Nasiru Sule | Table tennis | Women's open 1-5 |

## Athletics

Adeoye Ajibola won three medals in athletics.

## Powerlifting

Monday Emoghavwe, Abraham Obaretin, Johnson Sulola and Patrick Akutaekwe won a medal in powerlifting.
# William A. Smith (footballer)

William A. Smith was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Blackburn Rovers. Smith's only appearance for Blackburn came in a 2–2 draw away at Stoke on 3 April 1893.
# Governor Nash

Governor Nash may refer to:
* Abner Nash (1740–1786), 2nd Governor of North Carolina
* George K. Nash (1842–1904), 41st Governor of Ohio
# Gottfrieding

Gottfrieding is a municipality in the district of Dingolfing-Landau in Bavaria in Germany.