OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Umbilicus rupestris

Umbilicus rupestris, the navelwort, penny-pies or wall pennywort, is a fleshy, perennial, edible flowering plant in the stonecrop family Crassulaceae in the genus Umbilicus so named for its umbilicate (navel-like) leaves.

## Etymology

Both the name "navelwort" and the scientific name Umbilicus come from the round shape of the leaves, which have a navel-like depression in the center.

## Description

Wall pennywort grows to an average of 25 cm (9.8 in) high. The pallid spikes of bell-shaped, greenish-pink flowers of this plant first appear in May, and the green fruits ripen through the summer.

## Distribution

The plant is found in southern and western Europe, often growing on shady walls or in damp rock crevices that are sparse in other plant growth (thus, "wall" pennywort), where its succulent leaves develop in rosettes.
It is not at present under threat.

## Medicinal usage

Umbilicus rupestris is not the same "Pennywort" as the one used in Asian medicine, which is the unrelated Asiatic Pennywort, Centella asiatica.
Navelwort is also assumed to be the "Kidneywort" referred to by Nicholas Culpeper in The English Physician, although it may actually refer to the unrelated Anemone hepatica. Culpeper used astrology, rather than science, to classify herbs, and as such is not a reliable source. He claimed:
   The juice or the distilled water being drank, is very effectual for all inflammations and unnatural heats, to cool a fainting hot stomach, a hot liver, or the bowels: the herb, juice, or distilled water thereof, outwardly applied, heals pimples, St. Anthony's fire, and other outward heats.
   The said juice or water helps to heal sore kidneys, torn or fretted by the stone, or exulcerated within; it also provokes urine, is available for the dropsy, and helps to break the stone. Being used as a bath, or made into an ointment, it cools the painful piles or hæmorrhoidal veins. It is no less effectual to give ease to the pains of the gout, the sciatica, and helps the kernels or knots in the neck or throat, called the king's evil: healing kibes and chilblains if they be bathed with the juice, or anointed with ointment made thereof, and some of the skin of the leaf upon them: it is also used in green wounds to stay the blood, and to heal them quickly.

### Properties

* Vulnerary: The plant is sometimes employed to ease pain on scratches by applying the leaf to the skin after removing the lower cuticle.
# Umblachery

The Umblachery is an Indian breed of zebuine cattle. It is distributed in the coastal plains of the districts of Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Thanjavur in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. It was bred for draught work, particularly in the rice paddies of the area.$^{:319}$

## History

The Umblachery of eastern and central Tamil Nadu is thought to have derived from cross-breeding of local cattle with animals of the Kangayam cattle breed of the same state.$^{:319}$ It is distributed in the coastal plains of the districts of Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Thanjavur. A census in 2000 found 283157 head. In 2007 its conservation status was reported by the FAO as "endangered".$^{:59}$ In 2013 the breed population was reported to be between 39000 and 72000; in 2020 the conservation status reported to DAD-IS was "not at risk".

## Characteristics

The Umblachery is a small breed, standing just over a metre at the withers. Cows are grey, with darker markings on the face and neck and on the hindquarters; bulls are darker, and may have white markings such as white socks or a white star on the face. The horns are small in both sexes. Calves are born a reddish colour, which changes to grey within the first year of life.$^{:320}$

## Use

The Umblachery was bred for draught work, particularly in the rice paddies of the area.$^{:319}$ It may also be milked: the milk has a fat content of about 4.9%; the annual yield is approximately 400 kg.$^{:319}$
# Megaw

Megaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eric Megaw (1908 – 1956) Irish Engineer
* Helen Megaw (1907–2002), Irish crystallographer
* John Megaw (1909–1997), British judge and rugby union player
* Peter Megaw (1910–2006), Irish architectural historian and archaeologist
* Robert Megaw (1869–1947), Northern Irish barrister and politician
* Vincent Megaw (born 1934), Australian archaeologist, also his wife Ruth Megaw
# PACSIN1

Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 1 also known as syndapin I is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PACSIN1 gene.

## Interactions

PACSIN1 has been shown to interact with GTPases of the Dynamin family (Dynamin 1, 2 and 3). Based on this interaction, its localization and functional role the protein was named syndapin I (synaptic dynamin-associated protein I).
A variety of interactions have been published:
* DNM1
* Huntingtin
* PACSIN2
* PACSIN3
# Meinertulidae

Meinertulidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata.

## Species

Meinertulidae contains one genus, with one recognized species:
* Genus Meinertula Trägårdh, 1950
** Meinertula hamifera Trägårdh, 1950
# Pieter Wouwerman

Pieter Wouwerman (September 13, 1623 – May 9, 1682) was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter.

## Biography

He was born in Haarlem. According to Arnold Houbraken, a biographer of artists from the Dutch Golden Age, Pieter Wouwerman was the brother of the landscape painters Jan and Philips Wouwerman, who, like his more famous brother, made a living selling Italianate landscapes in the manner of Pieter van Laer. Houbraken mentioned a story in which Philips Wouwerman burned his sketchbooks before his death, so that his brother would not be able to use them and cash in on his name. Houbraken claimed that the story was malicious gossip, but he had heard another story that was probably closer to the truth. Apparently when Pieter van Laer returned to Haarlem, his art was worth less than what he received in Rome, but he would not lower his price. When a landscape that Laer made was considered too expensive, the buyer contracted the then young Philips Wouwermans to copy it, which he did quite well. The success of this transaction launched the career of the young Wouwermans at the expense of Pieter van Laer, and Houbraken heard from Michiel Carré who in turn heard it from Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten and Jacob de Wet that guilt forced Wouwerman to burn the proof of all of his copies before he died.
According to the RKD (Netherlands Institute for Art History), he was a student of Roelant Roghman, his older brother Philips, and his father Pouwels. He left Haarlem for Amsterdam in 1657. He died in 1682 in Amsterdam.
# P2RY1

P2Y purinoceptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RY1 gene.

## Function

The product of this gene, P2Y$_1$ belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor functions as a receptor for extracellular ATP and ADP. In platelets binding to ADP leads to mobilization of intracellular calcium ions via activation of phospholipase C, a change in platelet shape, and probably to platelet aggregation.
# Melanoplus pygmaeus

Melanoplus pygmaeus, known generally as pygmy short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the pygmy sandhill grasshopper and pygmy locust. It is found in North America.
# Melanoplus sanguinipes

Melanoplus sanguinipes, known generally as migratory grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the lesser migratory grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.

## Subspecies

These four subspecies belong to the species Melanoplus sanguinipes:
* Melanoplus sanguinipes atlanis (Riley, 1875)$^{icg}$
* Melanoplus sanguinipes defectus Scudder, 1897$^{icg}$
* Melanoplus sanguinipes sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1798)$^{icg}$
* Melanoplus sanguinipes vulturnus Gurney and Brooks, 1959$^{ig}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Melanoplus rugglesi

Melanoplus rugglesi, the Nevada sage grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
# Meera Bai Public School, Nilokheri

29°50′29″N 76°55′05″E﻿ / ﻿29.8415079°N 76.9180032°E﻿ / 29.8415079; 76.9180032 Meera Bai Public School, Nilokheri is a private school, teaching students in middle grade in Nilokheri township of Karnal in Haryana, India. Meera Bai Public School, Nilokheri is one of the oldest school and is among the couple of schools in Nilokheri. The school was started in 1991 and has been constantly renovated to the modern building that exists today. As of the 2007-08 school year, the school had an enrolment of over 1000 students and employs 30 classroom with 50 teachers.

## History

Meera Bai Public School, Nilokheri was established in 1991. It is administered by the school committee members.

## Disciplines taught

With the best infrastructure school provides education to all age and interest of children.
* Kindergarten
* Senior Secondary
* High School Commerce Humanities Medical Non-Medical
# Mehmels

Mehmels is a municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany.
# POTY

POTY or Poty may refer to:

## Acronyms

* Person of the Year
* Player of the year award

## People

* Richard Poty, English MP
* Édouard Poty, Belgian sports shooter, see Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, team
* Poty Lazzarotto (1924–1998), Brazilian artist
# PM3

PM3 or PM-3 may be:
* Pm3 (dentistry), dental nomenclature for premolar tooth
* PM3 (chemistry), Computational chemistry
* PM3 (project management, software development, CMMI), Project Management Maturity Model
* Paper Mario 3, a 2007 Wii game
# Ovčarevo

Ovčarevo is a village in Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 496.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 495 | 99.8% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.2% |
| Total | 496 | 100% |
# Ovčarević

Ovčarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Овчаревић) is a Serbian surname, derived from ovčar ("sheepdog"). The Ovčarević were a notable Serbian family in Habsburg service in the 16th century. It may refer to:
* Petar Ovčarević (fl. 1521–41), Habsburg Serb commander
* Mihailo Ovčarević (fl. 1550–79), Habsburg Serb commander
* Dimitrije Ovčarević (fl. 1552–66), Habsburg Serb commander
* Jovan Ovčarević (fl. 1557), Habsburg Serb emissary
# Megachile rottnestensis

Megachile rottnestensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Rayment in 1934.
# Tolka Valley Park

Tolka Valley Park (Irish: Páirc Ghleann na Tulchann) is a public park on the River Tolka, spanning the suburbs of Ashtown, Finglas and Glasnevin, in Dublin, Ireland.
Covering approximately 50 hectares (120 acres), sections of the park are laid-out over a former city landfill, while the eastern part of the park is located on the estate lands of the former Finglaswood House. Some of park's wooded areas were planted in 2011, while the wetland sections of the park were developed in 1999. These "integrated constructed wetlands" were built at the confluence between the Finglaswood Stream and River Tolka, and designed to improve water quality and reduce pollution in the watercourse. Sections of the River Tolka, within the park, have been stocked with salmon and trout.
There are sports pitches, a par-3 municipal golf course, and a pitch and putt course on the site. As of 2018, it was reported that some of the park's sports pitches had been damaged by "scrambler bikes", with issues of anti-social behaviour sometimes reported in the area.
The eastern section of Tolka Valley Park, within the Dublin City Council authority area, spans westward from the Finglas Road in Glasnevin via Finglas to Ashtown. A further section, sometimes referred to as "Tolka Valley Linear Park" or "Tolka Valley Regional Park", extends into the Fingal County Council authority area, westwards from Blanchardstown to Mulhuddart.
# PSR J1748-2021B

PSR J1748-2021B is the most massive known pulsar, initially calculated with 2.74+0.21 −0.21 M$_☉$. It was first discovered by Freire using the Green Bank Telescope S band receiver and Pulsar Spigot Spectrometer in Terzan 5 of globular cluster M-5.
A later estimate puts the mass as 2.548+0.047 −0.078 M$_☉$.
# Pablo Genovese

Pablo Daniel Genovese (born 26 July 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer.
He can play either as a centre midfielder or defensive midfielder.

## Career
### Vida

On 28 November 2010, Genevese decided to move at Vida after having a poor campaign with Hispano.
On 14 January 2011, Genovese made his domestic league debut in a 1–0 away win against the current champion Real España. On 23 January 2011, Genovese scored his first goal for Vida in a 5–2 win against Deportes Savio.
# Tolylfluanid

Tolylfluanid is an organic chemical compound that is used as an active ingredient in fungicides and wood preservatives.

## Synthesis

The synthesis of tolylfluanid begins with the reaction of dimethylamine and sulfuryl chloride. The product further reacts with p-toluidine and dichlorofluoromethanesulfenyl chloride to yield the final product.

## Use

Tolylfluanid is used on fruit and ornamental plants against gray mold (Botrytis), against late blight on tomatoes and against powdery mildew on cucumbers.

## Environmental behavior

Tolylfluanid hydrolyzes slowly in acidic conditions. The half-life is shorter when the pH is high; at pH = 7, it is at least 2 days. In aerobic media (pH = 7.7-8.0), tolylfluanid hydrolytically and microbially decomposes to N,N-dimethyl-N-(4-methylphenyl) sulfamide (DMST) and dimethylsulfamide. After 14 days, tolylfluanid is generally considered to have degraded. The half-life of DMST is 50-70 days.

## Absorption, metabolism and excretion

Tolylfluanid is rapidly and almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The highest concentrations are found in the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and thyroid gland. 99% is excreted in the urine within two days, although there is some accumulation in the thyroid gland.
# POLARIS (seismology)

POLARIS (PUPS) was an underground experiment to observe seismic signals at depth in very hard rock. It was carried out at SNOLAB, and underground physics laboratory, in Sudbury, Ontario. In addition to academic research, the observational data collected by the POLARIS system was used by the Canadian National Data Centre (CNDC) for earthquake, and nuclear explosion (see Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty) monitoring. The name POLARIS is an acronym for Portable Observatories for Lithospheric Analysis and Research Investigating Seismicity.

## Background

SNOLAB is an underground physics lab situated deep in the Creighton Mine, a 2 km deep Nickel mine operated by the Vale Limited. The mine is situated in the Sudbury Basin: a large impact crater on the Canadian shield.
SNOLAB is the world's deepest operational clean room facility. Although accessed through an active mine, the laboratory proper is maintained as a class-2000 cleanroom, with very low levels of dust and background radiation. SNOLAB's 2070 m (6800 feet) of overburden rock provides 6010 metre water equivalent (MWE) shielding from cosmic rays, providing a low-background environment for experiments requiring high sensitivities and extremely low counting rates.

## Description

POLARIS consisted of multiple three-point broadband seismographis stations located above Creighton Mine, as well as within the mine itself. Two stations were located at the surface, while others were positioned at depths of 1-2km. It was because of the depth of placement, that extremely clear seismographic data was able to be collected of the 4.1 magnitude earthquake that occurred on 26 November 2006 in the Sudbury area; the 2km POLARIS station was placed only 300m above the earthquake's focus.
# POLARBEAR

POLARBEAR (POLARization of the Background Radiation) is a cosmic microwave background polarization experiment located in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile in the Antofagasta Region. The POLARBEAR experiment is mounted on the Huan Tran Telescope (HTT) at the James Ax Observatory in the Chajnantor Science Reserve. The HTT is located near the Atacama Cosmology Telescope on the slopes of Cerro Toco at an altitude of nearly 5,200 m (17,100 ft).
POLARBEAR was developed by an international collaboration which includes University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of Colorado at Boulder, University of California, San Diego, Imperial College, Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory of the University of Paris (2019), KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), McGill University, and Cardiff University.

## History

The instrument was first installed at the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy site near Westgard Pass in California (USA) for an engineering run in 2010. It was then moved to its final destination in the Atacama Desert in September 2011. POLARBEAR saw first light on January 10, 2012, and began its first observing season in April 2012.
In October 2014, POLARBEAR published a measurement of B-mode polarization at 150 GHz. These measurements focused on arcminute scale fluctuations likely sourced by gravitational lensing by intervening large-scale structure. Earlier in the year, the BICEP2 project published related measurements of degree-scale B-mode polarization, possibly sourced by primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation, but they could not rule out cosmic dust as a cause.
POLARBEAR's published measurements focused on a small but clean patch of the sky where galactic foregrounds should be subdominant to gravitational lensing B-modes. The POLARBEAR team was able to report that the measured B-mode polarization was of cosmic origin at a 97.2% confidence level by focusing their observing time on this small patch where they are highly sensitive to arcminute anisotropies. However, this observing strategy is insensitive to the larger degree-scale inflationary B-modes that BICEP2 and Keck Array have searched for.
# Megalopodinae

The beetle subfamily Megalopodinae is the largest group within the family Megalopodidae. Species in the subfamily are mostly tropical in distribution, and their larvae typically bore inside of plant stems.
It contains the following genera:
* Agathomerus Lacordaire, 1845
* Antonaria Jacoby & Clavareau, 1905
* Ateledera Lacordaire, 1845
* Barticaria Jacoby & Clavareau, 1905
* Bothromegalopus Monrós, 1947
* Bryantonaria Pic, 1951
* Falsocolobaspis Pic, 1942
* Falsotemnaspis Pic, 1951
* Homalopterus Perty, 1832
* Kuilua Jacoby, 1894
* Leucastea Stål, 1855
* Macroantonaria Pic, 1951
* Macrolopha Weise, 1902
* Mastostethus Lacordaire, 1845
* Megalopus Fabricius, 1801
* Mimocolobaspis Pic, 1951
* Nickimerus Guérin, 1948
* Piomelopus Jacoby & Clavareau, 1905
* Plesioagathomerus Monrós, 1945
* Poecilomorpha Hope, 1840
* Pseudohomalopterus Pic, 1920
* Pseudomegalopus Pic, 1916
* Sphondylia Weise, 1902
* Temnaspis Lacordaire, 1845
# Melastoma septemnervium

Melastoma septemnervium are erect shrubs or small slender trees with 5 petal, medium-sized, pink flowers that have made them attractive for cultivation. The leaves have the 5 distinctive longitudinal veins (nerves) typical of plants in the family Melastomataceae.

## Description

Melastoma septemnervium are erect shrubs or small trees up to 5 m tall. Leaves are elliptical with short stiff hairs or scales on the upper surface and finer dense hairs on the lower surface but with a mixture of scales on the nerves.

## Distribution

Native to Vietnam, southern China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, and southern Japan. Cultivated and naturalized in Hawaii but also reported to be abundant and invasive on Kauai and Hawaii Island from sea level up to 900 m elevation.
Melastoma septemnervium grows in light forests, clearings, and grass lands, or on rocky slopes, but prefers mesic to wet areas and bog margin habitats in Hawaii.

## Taxonomy

Hawaiian populations of M. septemnervium were historically assigned to Melastoma malabathricum non L. but later were identified as M. candidum D. Don by Wagner et al. 1999 due to a number of consistently different traits, including a higher chromosome number (2n = 56 versus Melastoma malabathricum 2n = 24).
M. septemnervium was first described by Loureiro in 1790 (Flora Cochinchinensis 1: 273–274). M. septemnervium is the accepted name by some sources with M. candidum as a junior synonym, but both names are used widely.
# Pachydota saduca

Pachydota saduca is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Costa Rica, Colombia and Bolivia.
# Pachydrobiella brevis

Pachydrobiella brevis is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.
Pachydrobiella brevis is the only species in the genus Pachydrobiella.

## Distribution

The distribution of Pachydrobiella brevis includes Khong Island in the Mekong River, southern Laos. The type locality is Khong Island. This species is probably endemic to the Khong Island region.

## Description

The shape of the shell is ovate-conic. The shell is thick and smooth. The smooth shell is unique in the tribe Jullieniini. The outer lip is thick with growth lines.
The width of the shell is 2.5 mm. The height of the shell is 2.2–3.6 mm.
Thiele (1928) and Brandt (1970) made a drawing showing smooth teeth in the radula, but Davis (1979) showed multiserrate teeth in the radula.

## Ecology

Pachydrobiella brevis lives primarily in freshwater habitats that lack a current or have only a slight current. However this species sometimes or rarely also lives also in places where the current is moderate or strong all the way to whitewater.
This snail probably feeds on algae on stones.
# Uncial 0228

Uncial 0228 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 4th century. It contains a small parts of the Epistle to the Hebrews (12:19-21,23-25), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 12 cm). Written in one column per page, 17 lines per page.
The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century.
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953.
The codex currently is housed at the Austrian National Library, in Vienna, with the shelf number Pap. G. 19888.
# Uncial 0231

Uncial 0231 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 4th century.

## Description

It contains a small parts of the Gospel of Matthew (26:75-27:1,3-4), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 11.5 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 15 lines per page.
The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.
It was found in Antinoopolis (modern El-Sheikh Ibada).
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century.
It was examined by G. R. Roberts in 1950. Guglielmo Cavallo published its facsimile.
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953.
The codex is housed at the Ashmolean Museum (P. Ant. 11), in Oxford.