OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Water transportation

Water transportation is the international movement of water over large distances. Methods of transportation fall into three categories:
* Aqueducts, which include pipelines, canals, tunnels and bridges
* Container shipment, which includes transport by tank truck, tank car, and tank ship.
* Towing, where a tugboat is used to pull an iceberg or a large water bag along behind it.
Due to its weight, the transportation of water is very energy-intensive. Unless it has the assistance of gravity, a canal or long-distance pipeline will need pumping stations at regular intervals. In this regard, the lower friction levels of the canal make it a more economical solution than the pipeline. Water transportation is also very common in rivers and oceans.

## Major water transportation projects

The Grand Canal of China, completed in the 7th century AD and measuring 1,794 kilometres (1,115 mi).
The California Aqueduct, near Sacramento, is 715 km (444 mi) long.
The Great Manmade River is a vast underground network of pipes 1,600 km (990 mi) in the Sahara desert, transporting water from an immense aquifer to the largest cities in the region.
The Keita Integrated Development Project used specially created plows called the donaldo and Scarabeo to build water catchments. In these catchments, trees were planted which grow on the water flowing through the ditches.
The Kimberley Water Source Project is currently under way in Australia to determine the best method of transporting water from the Fitzroy River to the city of Perth. Options being considered include a 3,700-kilometre canal, a pipeline of at least 1,800 kilometres, tankers of 300,000 to 500,000 tonnes, and water bags each carrying between 0.5 and 1.5 gigalitres.
The Goldfields Pipeline built in Western Australia in 1903 was the longest pipeline of its day, at 597 kilometres. It supplies water from Perth to the gold mining centre of Kalgoorlie.

## Manual water transportation

Historically water was transported by hand in dry countries, by traditional waterers such as the Sakkas of Arabia and Bhishti of India. Africa is another area where water is often transported by hand, especially in rural areas.
# United Presbyterian Church of Vietnam

The United Presbyterian Church of Vietnam (UPCV) is a Presbyterian denomination, established in Vietnam in 1988 by Pastor Ho Tan Khoa.

## History

In 1996, from a mission by a Korean-American pastor, a Christian group emerged in Ho Chi Minh City. One of the group's members, Ho Tan Khoa, became pastor and founded the United Presbyterian Church of Vietnam in 1998. However, at the time, the denomination was not allowed by the government of Vietnam. As such, it spread with a network of house churches.
The denomination asked the Presbyterian Church (USA) to help train and train pastors, which began in 2002.
In 2010, the denomination reported suffering religious persecution by the authorities in Vietnam.
In 2012, the denomination had 120 congregations and 7,500 members.

## Inter-church Relations

The denomination is a founding member of the Evangelical Alliance of Vietnam, which in 2012 elected Rev. Ho Tan Khoa (also president of the IPUV) as its president.
In addition, it receives help from the Presbyterian Church (USA) and Presbyterian Church of Taiwan.
# Neohylus dubius

Neohylus dubius is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Colombia and Peru.
# Okurodani Formation

The Okurodani Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in central Honshu, Japan. Part of the Tetori Group, it primarily consists of freshwater continental sediments deposited in a floodplain environment, with occasional volcanic tuffite horizons. It has an uncertain age, probably dating between the Hauterivian and Aptian. An indeterminate iguanodontian dinosaur tooth has been recovered from the formation. Many other fossil vertebrates are known from the KO2 locality

## Vertebrate Paleobiota
### Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Okurodani Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Anura | Indeterminate | KO2 | | | Discoglossid grade | |
| Caudata | Indeterminate | KO2 | | | | |

### Squamates

Squamates reported from the Okurodani Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Sakurasaurus | S. shokawensis | KO2 | |
| ?Anguimorpha | Indeterminate | KO2 | |
| Scincomorpha | Indeterminate | KO2 | new taxon |
| Squamata | Indeterminate | KO2 | 2 distinct taxa |

### Turtles

Turtles reported from the Okurodani Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| cf. Sinemys | Indeterminate | KO2 | |
| Sinochelys | Indeterminate | KO2 | Sinochelyidae |
| Adocidae | Indeterminate | KO2 | |
| Trionychidae | Indeterminate | KO2 | |

### Choristoderes

Choristoderes reported from the Okurodani Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Monjurosuchus | Indeterminate | KO2 | | "Association of right squamosal, jugal, quadratojugal, and quadrate" | | Monjurosuchus Shokawa ikoi |
| Shokawa | S. ikoi | KO2 | | Partial skeleton | | Monjurosuchus Shokawa ikoi |
# Vadem Clio

The Vadem Clio is a handheld PC released by Vadem in late 1998. The Clio is based on an NEC MIPS VR4111 processor. All models use Windows CE H/PC Pro 3.0 (WinCE Core OS 2.11) as the operating system.$^{:44}$
The Clio was rebranded by Sharp as the Mobilon TriPad in 1999.$^{:149}$ Data Evolution Corporation currently owns the rights to the Clio.

## Overview

The Clio is a convertible tablet computer released by Vadem and designed by Sohela. The platform was conceived of and created within Vadem by a skunkworks team led by Edmond Ku. Clio was first developed without the knowledge of Microsoft, and after it was presented to Bill Gates and the CE team, it led to the definition of the Jupiter-class CE platform.
The Clio's "SwingTop" has a pivoting arm with a 180-degree screen rotation. The Clio could run for 12 hours on a single charge. It is measured to be around an inch (2.2 cm) thick.
Handwriting software was from Vadem's ParaGraph group (acquired from SGI), the same team that provided handwriting recognition technology used in the Apple Newton.

## Design

The swing arm and rotating screen concept was conceived by Edmond Ku, Vadem's engineering director. The physical design was the creation of frogdesign, Inc.'s industrial designers Sonia Schieffer and Josh Morenstein and mechanical engineers Richard Huang and Jenny Schlee.
The enclosure was made from plastic injection-molded carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (nylon). The swing arm was die-cast aluminium for stiffness and strength. The video signals relied on a double-sided flex circuit that routed from the base up through the arm to the display panel.

## Specifications
### C-1000

* Processor: NEC VR4111 (MIPS R4000-compatible) 84 MHz
* ROM: 24 MiB (upgradable)
* SDRAM: 16 MiB (upgradable to 32)
* Display: 9.4" 640 × 480 DSTN, 256 colors, touch panel
* Software screen Rotation: None
* Contrast and Brightness Settings: Yes
* Keyboard: 63 Key, US English—16.5 mm center-to-center
* Battery: 12-hour lithium ion rechargeable battery pack
* Power Supply: 120 volt
* Ports:
** 1 × RS-232 serial port (Not built-in, available on travel dock only)
** 1 × Type II PC Card
** 1 × Type II Compact Flash (internal)
* Modem: 33.6 kbit/s Lucent
* IrDA support: SIR and FIR
* Speaker
* Microphone
* Size/Physical Dimensions: 8.75 in × 11.25 in × 1 in
* Weight: 3 lb., 5 oz. (Includes batteries and AC adapter)

### C-1050

* Processor: NEC VR4121 (MIPS R4000-compatible) 168 MHz
* ROM: 24 MiB (upgradable)
* SDRAM: 32 MiB
* Display: 9.4" 640 × 480 DSTN, 65,000 colors, touch panel
* Screen Rotation: 0–180° (90° and 270° screen orientation supported)
* Contrast and Brightness Settings: Yes
* Keyboard: 63 Key, US English—16.5 mm center-to-center
* Battery: 10 hour lithium ion rechargeable battery pack
* Power Supply: 120 volt
* Ports:
** 1 × RS-232 serial port (Not built-in, available on travel dock only)
** 1 × Type II PC Card
** 1 × Type II Compact Flash (internal)
* Modem: 56 kbit/s V.90 Lucent
* IrDA support: SIR and FIR
* Speaker
* Microphone
* Size/Physical Dimensions: 8.75 in × 11.25 in × 1 in
* Weight: 3 lb., 5 oz. (Includes batteries and AC adapter)
# Nee Premakai

Nee Premakai (transl. For your love) is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written by Sreenivasan, directed by Muppalaneni Shiva and produced by D. Ramanaidu under Suresh Productions. The film is an adaptation to Priyadarshan's 1988 Malayalam film Mukunthetta Sumitra Vilikkunnu. The film starred Vineeth, Abbas, Laya and Sonia Agarwal in pivotal roles. Muppalaneni Shiva received the Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer for this film.

## Story

Srinivas and Prabhu are roommates. Srinivas is a sincere guy working in BATA as manager. Prabhu is a parasite, who uses the money and room of Srinivas for his own luxury. The men have a pious and beautiful neighbor, Anjali. Srinivas sincerely loves her. Srinivas sends money (₹ 10,000) for Anjali as an anonymous well-wisher, since her father could not afford MCA education for Anjali. Prabhu takes the credit by pretending to be that anonymous donor. Prabhu exploits Srinivas and uses it to attract Anjali. Meanwhile, Prabhu creates such a situation where Anjali starts hating Srinivas. A relative of Srinivas talks with the parents of Anjali and makes them agree to have Anjali marry Srinivas. But when Anjali discovers this, she says that she is in love with Prabhu. Anjali's parents alter their decision and decide to have her marry Prabhu.

## Cast

* Vineeth as Srinivas
* Abbas as Prabhu
* Laya as Anjali
* Sonia Agarwal as Priya, Harischandra Prasad's grand daughter
* D. Ramanaidu as Dr. Prakash
* Kaikala Satyanarayana as Harischandra Prasad
* Chandramohan as Anjali's Father
* Brahmanandam as Babai
* Sudhakar as Anjali's Uncle
* AVS as Aachaari
* K. P. V. Prasad
* Manorama as Srinivas' Mother
* Kavitha as Anjali's Mother
* Shanoor Sana
* Anitha Chowdary
* Vimalasri

## Soundtrack

| No | Song title | Singers | Duration |
| 1 | "Vendi Mabbula Pallakilo" | Rajesh, Chithra | 04:55 |
| 2 | "Kalalu Kanna Nekai" | Sanjay, Srilekha Parthasarathy | 05:02 |
| 3 | "O Prema Swagatham" | Rajesh, Chithra | 04:41 |
| 4 | "Koti Taralaa " | Rajesh, Usha | 04:22 |
| 5 | "Manasannade Ledu" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | 04:58 |
| 6 | "Mandakini Mandakini" | Rajesh, Chithra | 04:52 |

## Awards

| Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| Nandi Awards | Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer | Muppalaneni Shiva | Won |
# Thoroughbred Shortline Program

The Thoroughbred Shortline Program was a system of shortline creation devised by Norfolk Southern in the late 1980s. It involved an alternative to the typical practice of a Class I railroad selling rail lines outright to shortlines in the post-Staggers Act era. Defining features of the program included leasing lines to shortline operators, as opposed to outright sales, keeping stations available in Norfolk Southern marketing campaigns, and crediting carloads delivered to Norfolk Southern towards the lease and eventual purchase of the line. The program ran from 1988 to 1991, creating more than a dozen new shortline railroads, nearly all of which are still in operation today.

## Background

The period following railroad deregulation under the provisions of the Staggers Rail Act of 1980 spawned a plethora of railroad rationalization programs. In addition to outright abandonment of low density routes, many of the more promising lines were sold to shortline operators. A reoccurring problem was that many of these new railroads were often so overburdened by the costs of purchasing the infrastructure they operated on, that they lacked the capital to expand their customer base and improve their railroads.
Norfolk Southern explored the creation of its own rationalization program in 1987, with the goal of reorganizing 2,700 miles (4,300 km) of low density lines spread throughout their 27,000 miles (43,000 km) of track. 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of track were abandoned outright, with the remaining tracks slated to be distributed to shortlines. The result was the creation of the Thoroughbred Shortline Program.

## The Program

A key fixture of the Thoroughbred Shortline Program included leasing, as opposed to selling, railroads to shortline operators. This spared the new startups from expensive costs of taking out loans for mortgage payments on the railroads. The second component of the program involved crediting carloads delivered to Norfolk Southern by the shortlines towards the lease. So long as the shortline could maintain the same annual carloads on the line as Norfolk Southern, they owed no payments towards the lease. This also kept traffic directed on Norfolk Southern interchange points, as opposed to competitors lines. Leases under the program spanned between 3 and 20 years, after which the shortlines had the option of purchasing the railroad outright.

### Shortlines Created

* Aberdeen, Carolina and Western Railway
* Carolina and Northwestern Railroad
* Carolina Coastal Railway
* Central Railroad of Indianapolis
* Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway
* Chesapeake and Albemarle Railroad
* Commonwealth Railway
* Georgia and Alabama Railroad
* Great Walton Railroad
* Indiana Hi-Rail Corporation
* Indiana Rail Road
* North Carolina and Virginia Railroad
* Ogeechee Railway
* Pickens Railway
* South Carolina Central Railroad
* Yadkin Valley Railroad
# Millers Bluff, Tasmania

Millers Bluff is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Central Highlands and Northern Midlands in the Central LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 46 kilometres (29 mi) south of the town of Longford. The 2016 census recorded a population of nil for the state suburb of Millers Bluff.

## History

Millers Bluff is a confirmed locality.

## Geography

The Lake River forms a small part of the eastern boundary. Almost all the boundaries are survey lines.

## Road infrastructure

Route C522 (Macquarie Road) passes to the north-east. From there, Lake River Road provides access to the locality.
# Mompati Thuma

Mompati Thuma (born 5 April 1981) is a Motswana former footballer. He currently plays for the Botswana Defence Force XI in the Botswana Premier League.

## Career

He has 84 caps for Botswana since his debut in 2004, making him the most capped player of the national team.

## Personal life

Mompati Thuma is from a family of three and the only son from his family. He works as a public officer and soldier. He used to play karate as his favourite sport, which he practiced since his primary school days.

## Statistics
### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 27 October 2010 | Lobatse Stadium, Lobatse, Botswana | Swaziland | 2–0 | Win | Friendly |
| Correct as of 13 January 2017 |||||||
# First DCLI Cemetery, The Bluff

First DCLI Cemetery, The Bluff is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located near The Bluff south of Ypres (Ieper) in Belgium on the Western Front. It takes its name from the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI).

## Immediate area

The area where the cemetery stands, known by soldiers as "The Bluff", is an artificial ridge in the landscape created by spoil from failed attempts to dig a canal. With the additional height in an otherwise relatively flat landscape, The Bluff was an important military objective. German forces took The Bluff in February 1916, and it was recaptured by the 14th (Light) Division on 2 March. In July 1916, the Germans detonated a mine under the ridge, but did not capture it. The Germans took The Bluff during the Spring Offensive of 1918, and it finally returned to Allied hands on 28 September after a push by the 14th (Light) Division. The area is now a provincial nature reserve and picnic area called "Provinciaal Domein Palingbeek".

## Foundation

The cemetery here was founded by the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI) before the fighting of 1916. At the time of the armistice it contained burials only from the DCLI but the cemetery was expanded by concentration of graves from the former battlefields.
The cemetery was designed by J R Truelove. The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.

## Other cemeteries on "The Bluff"

* Hedge Row Trench Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
* Woods Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
# Neohypoaspis

Neohypoaspis is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.

## Species

* Neohypoaspis ampliseta M. Delfinado-Baker, E. W. Baker & D. W. Roubik, 1983
# Ohio Territory

The United States never had an organized territory named Ohio Territory. This term may refer to:
* Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, an organized incorporated territory of the United States in the Great Lakes region between 1787 and 1803
* Ohio Country, a vaguely defined colonial/frontier region, roughly covering the lands between the upper Ohio River and the Illinois Country (prior to 1787)
** loosely, the Ohio River Valley in colonial times
* incorrectly or informally, lands within the boundary of the state of Ohio after statehood in 1803
* The portion of Canada, New France south of the Great Lakes, east of the Mississippi and Lake Michigan, which was conquered by Britain in the French and Indian Wars
# Vademecum (disambiguation)

Vademecum is a Latin phrase for a handbook. In medicine, the concept of Vademecum applied to medicines and other pharma products. In modern times, the term extended to digital health products, using the word Vadimecum (with "di" instead of "de").
Vademecum or vade mecum may also refer to:
* Vade Mecum and Vade Mecum II, albums by American jazz trumpeter Bill Dixon
* Vade-mecum, a 1866 verse collection by Polish poet Cyprian Norwid
# Wells State Park

Wells State Park may refer to:
* Wells State Park (Massachusetts)
* Wells State Park (Michigan)
# Peer Gynt (1998 adaptation)

Peer Gynt is a 1998 theatrical adaptation of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's classic play Peer Gynt by American playwright David Henry Hwang and Swiss director Stephan Muller. Combining many contemporary references with a streamlined turn of the original story, it was commissioned by the Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island. It opened there on February 3, 1998.
The script is published by Playscripts, Inc.
# Wapekeka 1

Wapekeka 1 is a First Nations reserve in Kenora District, Ontario. It is one of the reserves of the Wapekeka First Nation.
# Union of Belarusian Jewish Public Associations and Communities

The Union of Belarusian Jewish Public Associations and Communities is an umbrella organization representing Belarusian Jews. It is one of the primary organizations representing the Jewish community in Belarus.

## About

The organization is headquartered in Minsk. The Union is a member of the Coordination Council for the Rights of National Minorities of the government of Belarus.

## History

In 2021, Belarusian state-linked media accused the Union and other Jewish organizations in Belarus of being "disloyal", being paid by foreign agents, and of participating in anti-government protests.
In 2023, the Union cosigned a statement released by the American Jewish Committee calling for tech companies to do more to address increasing antisemitism online.
# Morvilliers

Morvilliers is the name of several communes in France:
* Morvilliers, Aube in the Aube department
* Morvilliers, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir department
# 1951 Volta a Catalunya

The 1951 Volta a Catalunya was the 31st edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 13 September to 23 September 1951. The race started in Sant Esteve Sesrovires and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Primo Volpi.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Primo Volpi (ITA) | 47h 12' 57" |
| 2 | Francisco Masip (ESP) | + 3' 17" |
| 3 | Manuel Rodríguez Barros (ESP) | + 3' 38" |
| 4 | José Serra Gil (ESP) | + 5' 23" |
| 5 | Pedro Sant [ca] (ESP) | + 6' 30" |
| 6 | Jesús Loroño (ESP) | + 6' 50" |
| 7 | Andrés Trobat (ESP) | + 8' 09" |
| 8 | Jose Vidal Porcar [ca] (ESP) | + 9' 43" |
| 9 | Pietro Giudici (ITA) | + 11' 13" |
| 10 | Joaquin Filba [ca] (ESP) | + 14' 41" |
# Vaden

Vaden is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Paul Vaden (born 1967), American boxer
* Robert Vaden (born 1985), American basketball player
* Robert C. Vaden (1882–1954), American businessman and state senator
* Robert Vaden (basketball) (born 1985), American basketball player
* Sadler Vaden (born 1986), American guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer
* Stephen Vaden (born 1982), American judge
* Vaden Todd Lewis (born 1965), American singer
# Giorgio di Biandrate

The Blessed Giorgio di Biandrate, or Giorgio da Orazio di Biandrate (died 1483) was a member of the family of the counts of San Giorgio Canavese in north-west Italy. His body is interred in the parish church of San Giorgio Canavese. A memorial tablet, set in the passageway between the north entrance to the church and the choir, records the miracles which he is said to have performed both before and after his death.
# Península (Rio de Janeiro)

Península is a sub-district located at Barra da Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro, which occupies an area of 8,395,850 square feet (780,000 m$^2$). It has an estimated population of 28,000 people with low ground occupancy rate – 8% of built area.
It became known due to its practical importance for the study of modern urbanization in Brazilian architecture – with the concept of sustainable development, currently under study in architecture courses. The area was built following the project of Fernando Chacel – important Brazilian landscape architect and student of Burle Marx. It is an area that grew with the use of sustainable development, based on Chacel's project, with the strong presence of nature in the region.
The sub-district, with low occupancy and sustainable development, has a Human Development Index (HDI) higher than Barra da Tijuca's.

## Localization

It is the formation of a peninsula in the Lagoa da Tijuca, with access by both land and water (pier).
It's located near the shopping malls CasaShopping, Barra Shopping, Via Parque, Village Mall, and the offices O2 Corporate Offices, and CEO Offices linked to them by water and land. The area of Península has two entrances and two exits by land, not being an area of free circulation.
The chapel Capela de Santo Antônio, launched in 2011 and affiliated with the matrix of church of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, is located within the sub-district.

## Economic data

The Península area consists of new buildings (from 2000), with an HDI (Human Development Index) superior to that of Barra da Tijuca itself, notoriously occupied by the upper class.

## Culture

The incorporation of the Península area was made with the permanent ornamentation from Franz Weissmann, Gerchman, Caciporé Torres, Sônia Eblin, Ascânio MMM, Emmanuel Araujo, and Mário Agostinelli in the ecological parks within the sub-district.

## Environment

The landscaping project of Península was work of Fernando Chacel. It is estimated that the total time for preparation of the Península's terrain for urbanization was approximately 20 years.
With the use of sustainable development, the area was prepared for conscientious occupation of land, being a unique project in Brazil. The low occupancy rate allowed the growth to be sustainable and eco-friendly.
Some points that highlight the care with the Peninsula consolidation project is that it was made taking into account the treatment of sewage and using dams to prevent gigogas proliferation. The area is surrounded by a grove and the gardens are constantly preserved, as an incentive to the native fauna.