# 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

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vte :
The 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 8, 1994, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had thirty seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1990 United States census.
In early 1994, several Republicans sued the state alleging that District 18 and District 29 were racially gerrymandered. District 30 was later added to the case, and in August, a federal judicial panel ordered the state to redraw its congressional districts. A separate panel later allowed the struck districts to be used for the 1994 elections, but it ordered the state to redraw its districts before the 1996 elections. This decision was later appealed and became the Supreme Court case Bush v. Vera.
These elections occurred simultaneously with the United States Senate elections of 1994, the United States House elections in other states, and various state and local elections.
Amidst the Republican Revolution, in which the Republican Party took control of the U.S. House for the first time since 1952, Republicans gained two seats in the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas and won the statewide popular vote, but Democrats maintained their majority of Texas seats due to redistricting.

## Overview

1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas :
| Party | Party | Votes | Percentage | Seats before | Seats after | +/– |
| | Republican | 2,294,222 | 55.68% | 9 | 11 | +2 |
| | Democratic | 1,734,163 | 42.09% | 21 | 19 | -2 |
| | Libertarian | 35,889 | 0.87% | 0 | 0 | - |
| | Independent | 55,786 | 1.35% | 0 | 0 | - |
| Totals | Totals | 4,120,060 | 100.00% | 30 | 30 | — |

## Congressional districts
### District 1

Incumbent Democrat Jim Chapman ran for re-election.
Texas's 1st congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jim Chapman (incumbent) | 86,480 | 55.30 |
| | Republican | Mike Blankenship | 63,911 | 40.87 |
| | Independent | Jefferson Mosser | 6,001 | 3.84 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 156,392 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 2

Incumbent Democrat Charlie Wilson ran for re-election.
Texas's 2nd congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Charlie Wilson (incumbent) | 87,709 | 57.04 |
| | Republican | Donna Peterson | 66,071 | 42.96 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 153,780 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 3

Incumbent Republican Sam Johnson ran for re-election.
Texas's 3rd congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Sam Johnson (incumbent) | 157,011 | 90.96 |
| | Libertarian | Tom Donahue | 15,611 | 9.04 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 172,622 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 4

Incumbent Democrat Ralph Hall ran for re-election.
Texas's 4th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ralph M. Hall (incumbent) | 99,303 | 58.78 |
| | Republican | David Bridges | 67,267 | 39.82 |
| | Libertarian | Jefferson Mosser | 2,377 | 1.41 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 168,947 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 5

Incumbent Democrat John Wiley Bryant ran for re-election.
Texas's 5th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | John Wiley Bryant (incumbent) | 61,877 | 50.06 |
| | Republican | Pete Sessions | 58,521 | 47.34 |
| | Independent | Barbara Morgan | 1,715 | 1.39 |
| | Libertarian | Noel Kopala | 876 | 0.71 |
| | Independent | Regina Arashvand | 627 | 0.51 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 123,616 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 6

Incumbent Republican Joe Barton ran for re-election.
Texas's 6th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joe Barton (incumbent) | 152,038 | 75.64 |
| | Democratic | Terry Jesmore | 44,286 | 22.03 |
| | Libertarian | Bill Baird | 4,688 | 2.33 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 201,012 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 7

Incumbent Republican Bill Archer ran for re-election unopposed.
Texas's 7th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bill Archer (incumbent) | 116,873 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 116,873 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 8

Incumbent Republican Jack Fields ran for re-election.
Texas's 8th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Fields (incumbent) | 148,473 | 92.05 |
| | Independent | Russ Klecka | 12,831 | 7.95 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 161,304 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 9

Incumbent Democrat Jack Brooks ran for re-election. Republican Steve Stockman, who had lost to Brooks in 1992, defeated the 42-year incumbent as suburban Republican voters came to increasingly dominate the district.
Texas's 9th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Steve Stockman | 81,353 | 51.88 |
| | Democratic | Jack Brooks (incumbent) | 71,643 | 45.69 |
| | Independent | Bill Felton | 2,145 | 1.37 |
| | Libertarian | Darla Beenau | 1,656 | 1.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 156,797 | 100.00 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### District 10

Incumbent Democrat J. J. Pickle opted to retire rather than run for re-election.
Texas's 10th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Lloyd Doggett | 113,738 | 56.31 |
| | Republican | Jo Baylor | 80,382 | 39.80 |
| | Libertarian | Jeff Hill | 2,953 | 1.46 |
| | Independent | Michael Brandes | 2,579 | 1.28 |
| | Independent | Jeff Davis | 2,334 | 1.16 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 201,986 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 11

Incumbent Democrat Chet Edwards ran for re-election.
Texas's 11th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chet Edwards (incumbent) | 76,667 | 59.18 |
| | Republican | Jim Broyles | 52,876 | 40.82 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 129,543 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 12

Incumbent Democrat Pete Geren ran for re-election.
Texas's 12th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Pete Geren (incumbent) | 96,372 | 68.67 |
| | Republican | Ernest Anderson | 43,959 | 31.33 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 140,331 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 13

Incumbent Democrat Bill Sarpalius ran for re-election, but was defeated by Mac Thornberry
Texas's 13th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Mac Thornberry | 79,466 | 55.42 |
| | Democratic | Bill Sarpalius (incumbent) | 63,923 | 44.58 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 143,389 | 100.00 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### District 14

Incumbent Democrat Greg Laughlin ran for re-election.
Texas's 14th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Greg Laughlin (incumbent) | 86,175 | 55.61 |
| | Republican | Jim Deats | 68,793 | 44.39 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 154,968 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 15

Incumbent Democrat Kika de la Garza ran for re-election.
Texas's 15th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kika de la Garza (incumbent) | 61,527 | 58.95 |
| | Republican | Tom Haughey | 41,119 | 39.40 |
| | Libertarian | John Hamilton | 1,720 | 1.65 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 104,366 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 16

Incumbent Democrat Ronald D. Coleman ran for re-election.
Texas's 16th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ronald D. Coleman (incumbent) | 49,815 | 57.11 |
| | Republican | Bobby Ortiz | 37,409 | 42.89 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 87,224 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 17

Incumbent Democrat Charles Stenholm ran for re-election.
Texas's 17th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Charles Stenholm (incumbent) | 83,497 | 53.66 |
| | Republican | Phil Boone | 72,108 | 46.34 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 155,605 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 18

Incumbent Democrat Craig Washington ran for re-election. He was defeated in the Democratic Primary by Houston City Councilor Sheila Jackson Lee.
Texas's 18th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sheila Jackson Lee | 84,790 | 73.48 |
| | Republican | Jerry Burley | 28,153 | 24.40 |
| | Independent | J. Larry Snellings | 1,278 | 1.11 |
| | Libertarian | George Hollenbeck | 1,169 | 1.01 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 115,390 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 19

Incumbent Republican Larry Combest ran for re-election unopposed.
Texas's 19th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Larry Combest (incumbent) | 120,641 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 120,641 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 20

Incumbent Democrat Henry B. González ran for re-election.
Texas's 20th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Henry B. Gonzalez (incumbent) | 60,114 | 62.52 |
| | Republican | Carl Bill Colyer | 36,035 | 37.48 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 96,149 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 21

Incumbent Republican Lamar Smith ran for re-election.
Texas's 21st congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Lamar Smith (incumbent) | 165,595 | 89.96 |
| | Independent | Kerry Lowry | 18,480 | 10.04 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 184,075 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 22

Incumbent Republican Tom DeLay ran for re-election.
Texas's 22nd congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Tom DeLay (incumbent) | 120,302 | 73.74 |
| | Democratic | Scott Douglas Cunningham | 38,826 | 23.80 |
| | Independent | Gregory Pepper | 4,016 | 2.46 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 163,144 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 23

Incumbent Republican Henry Bonilla ran for re-election.
Texas's 23rd congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Henry Bonilla (incumbent) | 73,815 | 62.60 |
| | Democratic | Rolando Rios | 44,101 | 37.40 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 117,916 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 24

Incumbent Democrat Martin Frost ran for re-election.
Texas's 24th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Martin Frost (incumbent) | 65,019 | 52.83 |
| | Republican | Ed Harrison | 58,062 | 47.17 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 123,081 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 25

Incumbent Democrat Michael A. Andrews retired to run for U.S. Senator. Despite the national Republican wave, Democrat Ken Bentsen, the nephew of Treasury Secretary and former U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen, defeated businessman Gene Fontenot in the open race. The race was the most expensive U.S. House race in Texas history; Fontenot had outspent Bentsen four to one.
Texas's 25th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ken Bentsen | 61,959 | 52.27 |
| | Republican | Gene Fontenot | 53,321 | 44.99 |
| | Independent | Sarah Klein-Tower | 2,060 | 1.74 |
| | Libertarian | Robert Lockhart | 1,189 | 1.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 118,529 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 26

Incumbent Republican Dick Armey ran for re-election. He became the first Texas Republican to be elected majority leader of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Texas's 26th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dick Armey (incumbent) | 135,398 | 76.41 |
| | Democratic | LeEarl Ann Bryant | 39,763 | 22.44 |
| | Libertarian | Alfred Adask | 2,030 | 1.15 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 177,191 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### District 27

Incumbent Democrat Solomon Ortiz ran for re-election.
Texas's 27th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Solomon Ortiz (incumbent) | 65,325 | 59.38 |
| | Republican | Erol Stone | 44,693 | 40.62 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 110,018 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 28

Incumbent Democrat Frank Tejeda ran for re-election.
Texas's 28th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Frank Tejeda (incumbent) | 73,986 | 70.88 |
| | Republican | David Slatter | 28,777 | 27.57 |
| | Libertarian | Steve Rothstein | 1,612 | 1.54 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 104,375 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 29

Incumbent Democrat Gene Green ran for re-election.
Texas's 29th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Gene Green (incumbent) | 44,102 | 73.44 |
| | Republican | Oilman Eide | 15,952 | 26.56 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 60,054 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### District 30

Incumbent Democrat Eddie Bernice Johnson ran for re-election.
Texas's 30th congressional district, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Eddie Bernice Johnson (incumbent) | 73,166 | 72.63 |
| | Republican | Lucy Cain | 25,848 | 25.66 |
| | Libertarian | Ken Ashby | 1,728 | 1.72 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 100,742 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |