# Rutog County

Rutog County (Tibetan: རུ་ཐོག་རྫོང་།, Chinese: 日土县) is a county in Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The county seat is the new Rutog Town, located some 1,140 km (710 mi) or 700 miles west-northwest of the Tibetan capital, Lhasa. Rutog County shares a border with India.
The county has a rich history of folk tales, myths, legends, proverbs and folk songs and has many caves, rock paintings and other relics. The Xinjiang-Tibet Highway runs through the Rutog County for 340 km (210 mi). The modern county established in March 1961 covers 74,500 km$^2$ (28,800 sq mi). It has a very low population density with a population of just over 10,000.

## Name

'Rutog' is Tibetan for "mountain shaped like a spear and fork".

## Geography and climate

Rutog County is located in northwestern Tibet, Ngari northwest with a number of territorial borders. It is divided into 12 townships and 30 village committees. The Karakoram Mountains go through the county. The average altitude of the county is 4,500 m (14,800 ft) with a maximum altitude of 6,800 m (22,300 ft).
Lakes in Rutog County include Bangda Lake, Guozha Lake, Longmu Lake, Lumajangdong Co, Wo Erba Lake and Pangong Tso.
Overall Rutog County has a rough subarctic climate with long, very cold, sometimes snowy winters and short, cool, humid summers (Dfc) owing its extreme altitude.
To the north, Rutog County shares borders with Hotan County (Hetian), Qira County (Cele) and Keriya County (Yutian) in Hotan Prefecture (Hetian), Xinjiang. To the east, the county borders Gêrzê County.

## History

Rutog was part of the Maryul kingdom (modern Ladakh), when it was established in the 10th century. It was again consolidated as part of Ladakh during the reign of Sengge Namgyal, but was later conquered by Lhasa through the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War. Rutog and Ladakh continued to have extensive trading relations at all times, with occasional disputes over borders.
The headquarters of the region was at Old Rudok (Rutog Dzong; 33°25′03″N 79°38′34″E﻿ / ﻿33.4175°N 79.6427°E﻿ / 33.4175; 79.6427﻿ (Rutog Dzong)), a hill top location, which boasted a fort as well as several monasteries. During the period of the British Raj in India, European visitors were expressly prohibited from visiting the Rudok, but the British official E. B. Wakefield managed to visit it in 1939.
With the 1950 Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, Rutog became part of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. In October 1983, the county seat was moved from Old Rudok to the village of Derub (Chinese: 德汝昆孜; pinyin: Dé rǔ kūn zī; 33°22′18″N 79°41′46″E﻿ / ﻿33.3718°N 79.6961°E﻿ / 33.3718; 79.6961﻿ (Derub)). The present Rutog Town was built sometime around 1999 a short distance away from Derub. The site of the new town appears to have been originally a suburb of the Derub village called Gyelgosang (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་སྒོ་བསངས, Wylie: rgyal sgo bsangs, THL: gyel go sang; 33°23′01″N 79°43′54″E﻿ / ﻿33.3837°N 79.7318°E﻿ / 33.3837; 79.7318﻿ (Rutog Town)).

## Administrative divisions

Rutog county is divided into 1 town and 4 townships:
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
| Town |||||
| Rutog Town | 日土镇 | ‹See RfD› Rìtǔ zhèn | རུ་ཐོག་གྲོང་རྡལ། | ‹See RfD› ri thog grong rdal |
| Townships |||||
| Rabang Township | 热帮乡 | ‹See RfD› Rèbāng xiāng | ར་སྤང་ཤང་། | ‹See RfD› ra spang shang |
| Risum Township | 日松乡 | ‹See RfD› Rìsōng xiāng | རི་གསུམ་ཤང་། | ‹See RfD› ri gsum shang |
| Dungru Township (Tungru) | 东汝乡 | ‹See RfD› Dōngrǔ xiāng | དུང་རུ་ཤང་། | ‹See RfD› dung ru shang |
| Domar Township | 多玛乡 | ‹See RfD› Duōmǎ xiāng | རྡོ་དམར་ཤང་། | ‹See RfD› rdo dmar shang |

## Demographics and economy

As of 1996, the residents of the county were Tibetan.
Rutog County's economy is based around farming and animal husbandry. Aside from wool, butter, hides, cattle cashmere, etc. are produced. In Rutog County, the main growing crop is barley and yaks, sheep, goats, horses and other livestock are important to the economy. Rutog County has many wild animals and plants, including the black-necked crane, goose, wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Mongolian gazelle, black sheep, kiang, and bear. A number of rare animals are protected by the government and are of high value. Known mineral resources are gold, lead, chromite, borax, and salt.
In the five years from 2006–2011, Rutog County produced 72 tons of cashmere wool worth 16 million yuan ($2.5 million USD in 2011). China produces 75% of the world's cashmere wool.
In 1984, the average per capita income of Rutog County residents was 478 yuan.
The China National Highway 219 passes through Rutog County.

## Incidents

At around 11 AM on July 17, 2016, nine people, 350 sheep and 110 yaks were buried in an avalanche near the Aru Lake (at 34°02′45.4″N 82°17′24.6″E﻿ / ﻿34.045944°N 82.290167°E﻿ / 34.045944; 82.290167﻿ (Avalanche location)), about 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Rutog Town. The avalanche fell on a grazing area and the snow was as much as 8 m (26 ft) deep. The local government dispatched rescuers and equipment to the site of the avalanche. The avalanche was described by NASA as one of the largest avalanches in history. On September 21, 2016, another similarly large avalanche occurred just to the south.

## Historical maps

Historical maps including Rutog:
* Map of the expeditions of Sven Hedin (1906-8) including Rutog (labeled as Rudok) (RGS, early 20th century)
* Map including Rutog (labeled as Rudok) (AMS, 1950)
* Map including the Rutog County area (DMA, 1980)
* Map including Rutog (Jih-t'u) (DMA, 1995)