OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miska Hauser

Miska Hauser (1822 – 8 December 1878) was an Austrian violinist. He undertook extensive concert tours, playing in Europe, North and South America, and Australia. He was also a composer.

## Life

Hauser was born in Pressburg (now Bratislava), and his musical ability was soon recognised by his father, an amateur musician. From 1835 he studied at Vienna Conservatory, where his teachers were Joseph Böhm, Joseph Mayseder, Simon Sechter and Conradin Kreutzer.
In 1840 he toured Germany, giving concerts; from 1842 he toured Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Russia, playing in the courts of Hanover, Copenhagen. Stockholm and St Petersburg, and returning to Vienna in 1848. In 1850 he travelled to England and performed in London; from there he travelled to the United States, then to Peru and Chile. He sailed across the Pacific in 1854 via Otaheiti, where he played before Queen Pomare of Tahiti, to Australia; he appeared in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Goulburn, Ballarat and Moreton Bay.
He returned to Vienna in 1858 after a long absence, and gave concerts in Austria. He played in Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1861, where he was introduced to the Sultan of Turkey. Further tours were to Berlin in 1864 and Cologne in 1874. He died in Vienna in 1887.
Hauser was also a composer, particularly of works for the violin. A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1900) summarised: "Of his compositions, his little Lieder ohne Worte ["Songs without words"] for the violin will no doubt survive him for many years."
The composer Heinrich Reinhardt was his nephew.
# Ximene Gomes

Ximene Gomes (born 8 September 1989) is a Mozambican swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She represented her nation Mozambique at the 2008 Summer Olympics, finishing among the top 60 swimmers in the women's 50 m freestyle.
Gomes was invited by FINA to compete as a lone female Mozambican swimmer in the 50 m freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Swimming as the fastest entrant in heat four, Gomes exploded off the blocks and came up with a magnificent effort to the top of the field in a scorching time and lifetime best of 28.15. Gomes' astonishing feat from the prelims was not enough to put her through to the semifinals, sharing a tie with Albania's Rovena Marku for the fifty-eighth overall position.
# Samuel Vanegas

Samuel Antonio Vanegas Luna (born 8 September 1976) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Early life

While playing youth football, Vanegas worked as a construction worker.

## Career

Besides Colombia, Vanegas played in Brazil and Ecuador. Vanegas won the 2004 Copa Libertadores with Colombian side Once Caldas. He also won three league titles with three different Colombian sides. In 2013, he signed for Colombian side Junior, which caused controversy.

## Post-playing career

After retiring from professional football, Vanegas worked as a youth manager.

## Style of play

Vanegas was known for his aggressive temperament as a player.

## Personal life

During his playing career, Vanegas was afraid of needles.

## Honours
### Atlético Nacional

* Campeonato Colombiano: 1999
* Copa Merconorte: 2000

### Once Caldas

* Categoría Primera A: 2003 Apertura
* Copa Libertadores: 2004

### Independiente Medellín

* Categoría Primera A: 2009 Finalización
# Bredt's rule

In organic chemistry, an anti-Bredt molecule is a bridged molecule with a double bond at the bridgehead. Bredt's rule is the empirical observation that such molecules only form in large ring systems. For example, two of the following norbornene isomers violate Bredt's rule, and are too unstable to prepare:
The rule is named after Julius Bredt, who first discussed it in 1902 and codified it in 1924. There are a few instances where the anti-Bredt phenomenon is mentioned, but the isolation of these molecules is difficult, so they are typically trapped in situ. Authors such as Mehta (2002) and Khan (2015) discovered the existence of anti-Bredt olefins. Later, in 2024, Neil Garg and his team demonstrated that the formation of anti-Bredt molecules is possible, even if only as short-lived intermediates. Bredt's rule results from geometric strain: a double bond at a bridgehead atom necessarily must be trans in at least one ring. For small rings (fewer than eight atoms), a trans alkene cannot be achieved without substantial ring and angle strain (the p orbitals are improperly aligned for a π bond). Bredt's rule also applies to carbocations and, to a lesser degree, free radicals, because these intermediates also prefer a planar geometry with 120° angles and sp$^2$ hybridization. It generally does not apply to hypervalent heteroatoms, although they are commonly written with a formal double bond.
There has been an active research program to seek anti-Bredt molecules, with success quantified in S, the non-bridgehead atom count. The above norbornene system has S = 5, and Fawcett originally postulated that stability required S ≥ 9 in bicyclic systems and S ≥ 11 in tricyclic systems. For bicyclic systems examples now indicate a limit of S ≥ 7, with several such compounds having been prepared. Bridgehead double bonds can be found in some natural products.
Bredt's rule can predict the viability of competing elimination reactions in a bridged system. For example, the metal alkyl complexes usually decompose quickly via beta elimination, but Bredt strain prevents tetranorbornyl complexes from doing so. Bicyclo[5.3.1]undecane-11-one-1-carboxylic acid undergoes decarboxylation on heating to 132 °C, but the similar compound bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one-1-carboxylic acid remains stable beyond 500 °C, because the decarboxylation proceeds through an anti-Bredt enol.
Bredt's rule may also prevent a molecule from resonating with certain valence bond isomers. 2-Quinuclidonium does not exhibit the usual reactivity of an amide, because the iminoether tautomer would violate the rule.
Although exceptions to the rule have long been known, in 2024 chemists from University of California, Los Angeles demonstrated a general method to access Anti-Bredt olefins with S ≤ 7.
# Gerardo Fernández (cyclist)

Gerardo Luis Fernández (born March 29, 1977) is a former road racing cyclist from Argentina, who was a professional from 2003.

## Major achievements
### 2005

    1st, Trophée Joaquim Agostinho

### 2007

    1st, Stage 3, Tour de l'État de Sao Paulo
    1st, Stage 2, Volta Ciclistica Internacional do Paraná
    3rd Argentine National Road Race Championships

### 2008

    1st Argentine National Road Race Championships
    1st, Stage 2, Tour de Bolivie
    2nd, General Classification, Tour de San Luis
    1st, General Classification, Clásica del Oeste-Doble Bragado

### 2009

    1st, Stage 3, Giro del Sol San Juan
# Mohammad Abdul Momen

Mohammad Abdul Momen is a Bangladeshi retired civil servant and current chairman of Anti-Corruption Commission. Previously he served as the secretary of the Public Security Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs. He was appointed after the fall of the Awami League government led by Sheikh Hasina and he sent a number of police officers into retirement after his appointment. He is a member of the board of governors of Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies.

## Career

Momen joined the Bangladesh Civil Service in 1982. He served as private secretary to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia in the early 1990s. He served as the chairman of Bangladesh Road Transport Authority and managing director of Biman Bangladesh Airlines during the 2001 to 2006 Bangladesh Nationalist Party government.
Momen was sent to forced retirement in 2009 as an additional secretary after the Awami League came to power.
Momen was appointed Secretary of the Public Security Division on 18 August 2024 after the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government fell. At the same time four others were made contractual secretaries, Sheikh Abdur Rashid in the Secondary and Higher Education Division, Ehchanul Haque in Roads and Highways Department, Nasimul Gani in Public Department of President Mohammed Shahabuddin's Office, and M. A. Akmal Hossain Azad in Ministry of Railway. He replaced Md Mokabbir Hossain who was transferred to the Ministry of Science and Technology after serving three days as Secretary of the Public Security Division. At the same time the advisor in charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs was changed from Brigadier General M. Sakhawat Hossain to Lieutenant General Jahangir Alam Chowdhury.
Momen sent three senior police officers, Mohammad Ali Miah, Mahbubur Rahman, and Joydeb Kumar Bhadra, into forced retirement. In September, he sent sent nine more police officers, AKM Hafiz Akhtar, Bashir Ahmed, Devdas Bhattacharya, Khandker Lutful Kabir, Mir Rezaul Alam, Imam Hossain, Mizanur Rahman, Chowdhury Manjurul Kabir, Dadon Fakir, Shamim or Rashid Talukder, and Rafiqul Islam, into forced retirement. He then sent Krishna Pada Roy, Md Mozammel Haque, and Sarder Rakibul Islam into retirement. He sent three more police officers, Harun Ur Rashid, Shahabuddin Khan, and Kh Mahid Uddin, into forced retirement in October. He rehired five police officers, Abdullah Al Mamun, Ali Hossain Khan, Delwar Hossain Mia, Nazmul Karim Khan, and Zillur Rahman, who were sent to retirement by the previous Awami League government.
# Min Zhu (entrepreneur)

Min Zhu (朱敏; born 1948) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. Zhu is the co-founder and former president and chief technical officer of WebEx.

## Early life and education

Born in Ningbo, Zhu received his bachelor's degree from Zhejiang University. He also holds an M.S. in Engineering from Stanford University.

## Career

Zhu developed his technology expertise at the IBM Scientific Center in Palo Alto, California. He was also the deputy to the chief technical officer of Price Waterhouse and the vice president of Expert Edge, a software design company. In 1991, Zhu co-founded Future Labs, one of the first companies to produce multi-point document collaboration software. Quarterdeck acquired Future Labs in 1996, and Zhu went on to co-found WebEx with Subrah Iyar.
On May 13, 2005, Zhu resigned from WebEx and left the United States. Zhu continues to serve as a science and technology advisor to the municipal government of San Jose, a member of the University of California President's Board on Science and Innovation, a board director of the Hua Yuan Science and Technology Association and a partner at New Enterprise Associates.
In September 2005, NEA announced plans to back Chinese venture firm Northern Light Venture Capital.

## Personal life

Min Zhu is the father of Erin Zhu, CEO of OpenNote, and the father-in-law of her husband, the musician Blixa Bargeld.
# Manuel Rionda

Manuel Rionda (1854–1943) was a Spanish-born, US-based sugar baron in Cuba.

## Early life

Manuel Rionda was born in 1854 in Noreña, Spain. The Rionda family began investing in Cuban sugar in the 1860s. By 1870, when Rionda was sixteen, Rionda emigrated to Cuba.

## Career

Rionda co-founded the Czarnikow-Rionda Company with Julius Caesar Czarnikow in 1909. By 1915, he co-founded the Cuba Cane Sugar Company with his family.
Rionda was the owner of sugar plantations in Cuba. Prior to the 1930s, Czarnikow-Rionda Company "sold 40 per cent of Cuba's sugar".

## Personal life

Rionda married Harriet Clarke, and they resided at Rio Vista estate, a 300-acre estate in Alpine, New Jersey. They had no children, but they raised his orphaned nephew, Manuel Enrique Rionda, who later resided on the Glen Goin estate in Alpine with his wife, Ellen Goin.

## Death and legacy

Rionda died in 1943. A tower designed by architect Charles Rollinson Lamb on his former estate still stands in Alpine, New Jersey, one of the most affluent zipcodes in the United States. 40°56′02″N 73°56′00″W﻿ / ﻿40.933872°N 73.933230°W﻿ / 40.933872; -73.933230
# Professional Remodeler

Professional Remodeler (ISSN 1521-9135) is a trade publication and website serving the information needs of residential, commercial, and general remodeling contractors.

## History and profile

Established in 1997, Professional Remodeler magazine is published monthly. The magazine focuses on delivering business management information to professional remodelers that have been in business for at least three years and have more than $500,000 in annual volume.
As of June 2011, total BPA circulation was 83,000 subscribers.
In May 2010, former owner Reed Business Information sold the magazine to MB Media. On July 8, 2010, MB Media announced a strategic partnership with Scranton Gillette Communications, SGC Horizon, to resume publication of the magazine. The magazine relaunched with its September 2010 issue.
Tim Gregorski served as the editor in chief. In late 2014 Erika Taylor was named its editor-in-chief.

## Past PR Remodeler of the Year winners

2012 Lindus Construction Baldwin, Wisc.
2011 Anthony Home Improvements Elkins Park, Pa.
2010 Marrokal Remodeling, San Diego, CA 2009 Case Design/Remodeling, Bethesda, MD
2008 Neil Kelly Co., Portland, OR 2007 Normandy Builders, Hinsdale, IL 2006 BOWA Builders, McLean, VA 2005 Alure Home Improvement, Plainview, NY 2004 Creative Contracting, North Wales, PA 2003 DreamMaker Bath & Kitchen, Waco, TX 2002 Legacy Custom Builders, Scottsdale, AZ 2001 McGuire Hearn & Toms, Manakin-Sabot, VA 2000 Medina Construction Co., Salina, KS
# Raymond de Montmorency

Raymond Harvey Lodge Joseph de Montmorency VC (5 February 1867 – 23 February 1900) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. (Also considered a Canadian recipient due to his place of birth).

## Early life career

De Montmorency was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the eldest son and heir of Major-General Reymond de Montmorency, 3rd Viscount Frankfort de Montmorency, Irish representative peer, who served in the Crimean War, the Indian Rebellion, Abyssinia and the Mahdist War, and his wife Rachel Mary Lumley Godolphin Michel, daughter of Field Marshal Sir John Michel.
He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Lincolnshire Regiment on 14 September 1887, and transferred to the 21st Lancers as he was promoted to lieutenant on 6 November 1889.

## Details of Victoria Cross

De Montmorency was 31 years old, and a lieutenant in the 21st Lancers (Empress of India's), British Army during the Sudan Campaign when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:
On 2 September 1898 at the Battle of Omdurman, Sudan, after the charge, Lieutenant de Montmorency returned to help an officer who was lying surrounded by a great many Dervishes. He drove the Dervishes off and finding that the officer was dead, put the body on his horse which then broke away. Captain Paul Aloysius Kenna and a corporal then came to his assistance and he was able to rejoin his regiment. His citation read:
   'At the Battle of Khartum on the 2nd September 1898, Lieutenant de Montmorency, after the charge of the 21st Lancers, returned to assist Second Lieutenant R. G. Grenfell, who was lying surrounded by a large body of Dervishes. Lieutenant de Montmorency drove the Dervishes off, and, finding Lieutenant Grenfell dead, put the body on his horse which then broke away. Captain Kenna and Corporal Swarbrick then came to his assistance, and enabled him to re join, the Regiment, which had begun to open a heavy fire on the enemy.'

## Later military career

De Montmorency was promoted to the rank of captain on 2 August 1899, having in the previous October been despatched on special service to South Africa, where he raised and commanded a special body of scouts, Montmorency's Scouts. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, the Scouts were involved in fighting in Cape Colony. He was killed in action at the Battle of Stormberg, Dordrecht, Cape Colony, on 23 February 1900.
# Guilherme Winter

Guilherme Winter Nóbrega de Almeida (born August 28, 1979), commonly known as Guilherme Winter, is a Brazilian actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Moses in Os Dez Mandamentos.

## Biography

Before becoming an actor, he studied industrial design at the University Presbiteriana Mackenzie, but abandoned this pursuit to work in a holiday resort. It was there that he had his first experiences as an actor.
In 2001, he had a daughter, Sabrina, who disappeared from the hospital when she was born and is missing to this day.
In 2004, he moved to Rio de Janeiro, and took a course in performance in the Casa das Artes de Laranjeirasen (CAL).
While filming Os Dez Mandamentos, he began courting and since then has been together with co star Brazilian-Mexican actress Giselle Itié.

## Filmography
### Television

Soap operas :
| Year | Title | Character |
| 2006 | Cobras & Lagartos | Flu Melutti |
| 2009 | Paraíso | Otávio Elias Barbosa |
| 2010 | Ti Ti Ti | Renato Villa |
| 2012 | Cheias de Charme | Anderson |
| 2013 | Encantadoras | Roberto Lima (Veludo) |
| 2014 | Manual Prático da Melhor Idade | Rafael |
| 2015–2016 | Os Dez Mandamentos | Moses |
| 2018 | Jesus | Judas Iscariot |
| 2019 | Topíssima | Guilherme Lima |
| Series and Miniseries ||||
| Year | Title | Character |
| 2007 | Malhação | Tiago Junqueira |
| 2011 | Tapas & Beijos | Valdinei |
| 2012 | As Brasileiras | Hugo |
| 2013 | José do Egito | Rubén |
| Films ||||
| Year | Title | Character |
| 2011 | Azul Marinho Preto e Branco (curta-metragem) | Tão |
| 2016 | The Ten Commandments: The Movie | Moses |
| 2017 | Desearás al hombre de tu hermana | |
# Canigó

The Canigó (Catalan: Canigó, locally; French: Canigou; Latin: mons Canigosus or Canigonis) is a mountain located in the Pyrenees of southern France.
The Canigó is located less than 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the sea and has an elevation of 2,784.70 metres (9,136.2 ft). Due to its sharp flanks and its dramatic location near the coast, until the 18th century the Canigou was believed to be the highest mountain in the Pyrenees.
Being between south and Northern Catalonia, the mountain has a historical symbolical significance for Catalan people.
In good weather, it is visible from Marseille on 8 February and 31 October, due to atmospheric optical effects.

## Geography

The Canigó is located in Pyrénées-Orientales, south of Prades and north of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste. Its summit lies on the border between two communes: Vernet-les-Bains and Taurinya (although the territories of two other communes - Casteil and Valmanya - approach quite closely to the summit). Its location makes it visible from the plains of Roussillon and from Conflent in France, and as well from Empordà in Spain.
Twice a year, in early February and at the end of October, with good weather, the Canigó can be seen at sunset from as far as Marseille, 250 km (160 mi) away, by refraction of light. This phenomenon was observed in 1808 by baron Franz Xaver von Zach from the Notre-Dame de la Garde basilica in Marseille. All year long, it can also be seen, with good weather, from Agde, Port-Camargue and the Montagne Noire.
* Canigó from Bompas, Perpignan, 1 April 2024
* Canigó from Bompas, Perpignan 31 March 2024

## Trekking and sightseeing

Jeep tracks on the north side of the massif lead to the Chalet des Cortalets (at 2150 m) which is a popular outpost with walkers.
There are two ancient monasteries at the foot of the mountain, Martin-du-Canigou and Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa.

## Canigó Flame

The mountain has symbolical significance for Catalan people. On its summit stands a cross that is often decorated with the Catalan flag. Every year on 23 June, the night before St. John's day (nit de Sant Joan), there is a ceremony called Flama del Canigó. French Catalans carry a flaming torch from Perpignan to the cross and the Catalonian flag on top of the mountain, and people light bonfires throughout the area.

## Literature

The Canigó inspired the epic poem "Canigó" by Catalan poet Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló. In these verses Verdaguer compares the snowy mountain to a Magnolia flower (pages 27–28):
While he was staying in Vernet-les-Bains in 1911, Kipling wrote about Canigou. In a letter to the Club Alpin, he praised it as a "magician among mountains".
Kipling also wrote a light-hearted short story entitled Why Snow Falls at Vernet. It makes fun of the English habit of always talking about the weather.
# Public Accounting Report

Public Accounting Report is a monthly eight-page newsletter that covers competitive intelligence and the business side of the public accounting profession.

## History and profile

The publication was founded in 1978. The magazine is based in Chicago, Illinois. It was sold in 2002 by Strafford Publications to Wolters Kluwer, where it is managed under the company's CCH brand. Paper and digital versions are available.
Among its proprietary features are the PAR Top 100, an annual ranking of the 100 largest accounting firms in the United States; and the PAR Professors Survey, an annual ranking of the best accounting programs in the United States based on the opinions of accounting professors at American universities.
# Super Pack

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| GoGoYoko | |
Super Pack is a compilation album by hip hop group Fly Union. The album was released on April 20, 2010. The album compiles the first four installments of Fly Union's Value Pack series of EPs (Value Pack 1, Value Pack 2, Value Pack 3 and Value Pack 4) along with seven previously unreleased songs. The album features guest appearances from artists Big Sean, Curren$y, Dom Kennedy, and Willie the Kid.
# Serhiy Tymchenko

Serhiy Mykhaylovych Tymchenko (Ukrainian: Сергій Михайлович Тимченко; born 29 July 1972) is a Ukrainian politician, chairman of Ukrainian State Agency of land resources (2011—2014).

## Biography

Serhiy Tymchenko was born 29 July 1972 Krasnyi Luch, Luhansk Oblast. He was a junior Ukrainian boxing champion in 1984 and 1985.
He graduated from Donbass Mining and Metallurgical Institute in 2008.Hr graduated with a master's degree in management from Donetsk State University of Management in 2008. In 2012, he graduated with a master's degree from Kharkiv National Agrarian University.

## Career

Worked as deputy Director of the Motor Plus ltd. in Lugansk. In 2003—2005 was the head of organizational Department and deputy chairman of Lugansk regional branch of the Party of Regions. In 2005—2007 was the assistant to the people's Deputy of Ukraine in the Verkhovna Rada.
In 2007—2008 he was first Deputy Director General of the Center of the state land cadastre at the State Committee of Ukraine on land resources.
Since 2008 to 2010 worked as adviser to the Secretary of the national security and defense Council of Ukraine Raisa Bogatyrova.
In 2010 spearheaded The main Department of control over the improvement of Kiev, and then was appointed as deputy general Director — manager of technical programs in Center of the state land cadastre.
Since June 2011 to March 2014 was the chairman of State Agency of land resources of Ukraine. Among the main achievements of the Agency at the period of Serhiy Tymchenko's management the experts mark to opening of State land cadastre of Ukraine at 1 January 2013.
Tymchenko also held a number of positions in sports organizations:
* 2006—2012 — Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Boxing Federation of Lviv region of Ukraine;
* 2012—2017 — Chairman of the Board of Trustees of MMA Russia;
* 2008—2015 — President and founder of the Combat club Power of Siberia Woodang in China (TIM CHEN CO).
Lives in USA since 2017. Founded the International Institute of Strategic Land Reforms in Princeton, New Jersey.

## Awards

* 2012 — Order of Merit, 3rd class.
* 2013 — Medal of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
* 2014 — Award of the Union of MMA by Fedor Emelianenko.