# James Braid (golfer)

James Braid (6 February 1870 – 27 November 1950) was a Scottish professional golfer and a member of the Great Triumvirate of the sport alongside Harry Vardon and John Henry Taylor. He won The Open Championship five times. He also was a renowned golf course architect. Braid is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Braid was born in Earlsferry, Fife, Scotland, the son of James and Mary (née Harris). He played golf from an early age, working as a clubmaker before turning professional in 1896. Initially his game was hindered by problems with his putting, but he overcame this after switching to an aluminium putter in 1900. He won The Open Championship in 1901, 1905, 1906, 1908 and 1910. In addition, Braid won four British PGA Matchplay Championships (1903, 1905, 1907 and 1911), as well as the 1910 French Open title. He was also runner-up in The Open Championship in 1897, 1902, 1904, and 1909. His 1906 victory in The Open Championship was the last successful defence of the title by a European until Pádraig Harrington replicated the feat in 2008.
In 1912, Braid scaled back his tournament golf, and became a full-time club professional at Walton Heath; he had begun a relationship with that London-area club more than a decade before. He developed a very successful career in golf course design, and is sometimes regarded as the "inventor" of the dogleg, although holes of similar design had been known for centuries (for example, the Road Hole at the Old Course at St Andrews). Among his designs are the "King's Course" and the "Queen's Course" at Gleneagles, and the 1926 remodelling of The Open Championship venue Carnoustie Golf Links.
Stranraer Golf Club's course was the final one that was designed by Braid in the year that he died, 1950. He was called out of retirement to plan Creachmore, which was to be his last commission. Braid never lived to see the course completed. He died in London on 27 November 1950.
Harry Vardon and Braid collaborated on several editions of Spalding Athletic Library "How to Play Golf". Braid also wrote "Advanced Golf, or, Hints and Instruction for Progressive Players" in 1911. There is also a book about all the courses Braid designed as an architect titled "James Braid and his 400 courses."

## Tournament wins (19)

Note: This list may be incomplete.
* 1901 The Open Championship, Lytham and St Anne's Professional Tournament
* 1902 Tooting Bec Cup, Greenore Professional Tournament
* 1903 News of the World Match Play, Tooting Bec Cup
* 1904 Tooting Bec Cup
* 1905 The Open Championship, News of the World Match Play
* 1906 The Open Championship
* 1907 News of the World Match Play, Tooting Bec Cup
* 1908 The Open Championship
* 1910 The Open Championship, French Open
* 1911 News of the World Match Play
* 1920 Galashiels Tournament, McVitie & Price Tournament (joint winner with Abe Mitchell), Amateurs and Professionals Foursomes Tournament (with J. H. Taylor)
Major championships are shown in bold.

## Major championships
### Wins (5)

| Year | Championship | 54 holes | Winning score | Margin | Runner(s)-up |
| 1901 | The Open Championship | 5 shot lead | 79-76-74-80=309 | 3 strokes | Harry Vardon |
| 1905 | The Open Championship (2) | 6 shot lead | 81-78-78-81=318 | 5 strokes | Rowland Jones, J.H. Taylor |
| 1906 | The Open Championship (3) | 3 shot deficit | 77-76-74-73=300 | 4 strokes | J.H. Taylor |
| 1908 | The Open Championship (4) | 6 shot lead | 70-72-77-72=291 | 8 strokes | Tom Ball |
| 1910 | The Open Championship (5) | 2 shot deficit | 76-73-74-76=299 | 4 strokes | Sandy Herd |

### Results timeline

| Tournament | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 |
| The Open Championship | T10 | | 6 | 2 | T10 | T5 |
| Tournament | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 |
| The Open Championship | 3 | 1 | T2 | 5 | T2 | 1 | 1 | T5 | 1 | T2 |
| Tournament | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 |
| The Open Championship | 1 | T5 | 3 | T18 | T10 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |
| Tournament | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 |
| The Open Championship | T21 | T16 | | T49 | T18 | | T28 | T30 | T41 | |
| Tournament | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 |
| The Open Championship | | | | | | | | | CUT |
Note: Braid only played in The Open Championship
NT = No tournament CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

## Team appearances

* England–Scotland Professional Match (representing Scotland): 1903 (winners), 1904 (tie), 1905 (tie), 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1912 (tie)
* France vs Great Britain (representing Great Britain): 1908 (winners)
* Coronation Match (representing the Professionals): 1911 (winners)
* Great Britain vs USA (representing Great Britain): 1921 (winners)
* Seniors vs Juniors (representing the Seniors): 1928 (winners)

## Golf courses designed by Braid

Braid is reputed to have designed and remodeled over 200 golf courses. Braid disliked travel overseas, very rarely left the British Isles, and never traveled outside Europe. However, he did design two 18-hole golf courses for the Singapore Island Country Club in Asia, using topographic maps to plan his layouts there, which were then constructed to his orders.
Some of the more notable courses worked on by Braid are listed here.
* OD denotes courses for which Braid is the original designer
* R denotes courses reconstructed by Braid
* A denotes courses for which Braid made substantial additions
* E denotes courses that Braid examined and on the construction of which he consulted
| Name | Contribution | Year built | City / Town | State / Province | Country | Comments |
| Renfrew GC | OD | 1894 | Renfrew | Renfrewshire | Scotland | |
| La Moye GC | OD | 1902 | Saint Brélade | | Jersey | |
| Erskine GC | OD | 1904 | Erskine | Renfrewshire | Scotland | |
| Southport and Ainsdale GC | OD | 1906 | Southport | Merseyside | England | |
| Kirkhill GC | OD | 1910 | Cambuslang | South Lanarkshire | Scotland | |
| Gleneagles Hotel (King's Course, Queen's Course) | OD | 1924 | Auchterarder | Perth and Kinross | Scotland | |
| Singapore Island CC (Bukit Course, Island Course) | OD | 1924 | | | Singapore | 36 holes |
| Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship Course) | R | 1926 | Carnoustie | Angus | Scotland | |
| Dalmahoy Hotel & CC (East Course, West Course) | OD | 1929 | Kirknewton | West Lothian | Scotland | |
| Lancaster GC | OD | 1932 | Lancaster | Lancashire | England | |
| St Austell Golf Club | E | 1936 | St Austell | Cornwall | England | |