# Pete Docter

Peter Hans Docter (born October 9, 1968) is an American filmmaker and animator, who has served as chief creative officer (CCO) of Pixar since 2018. He has directed the company's animated films Monsters, Inc. (2001), Up (2009), Inside Out (2015), and Soul (2020). From his nine Academy Award nominations, he is a record-three time recipient of Best Animated Feature for Up, Inside Out and Soul. Docter has also won six Annie Awards from nine nominations, a BAFTA Children's Film Award and a Hochi Film Award. He describes himself as a "geeky kid from Minnesota who likes to draw cartoons".

## Early life

Docter was born on October 9, 1968 in Bloomington, Minnesota, the son of Rita Margaret (Kanne) and David Reinhardt Docter. His mother's family is Danish American. He grew up introverted and socially isolated, preferring to work alone and having to remind himself to connect with others. He often played in the creek beside his house, pretending to be Indiana Jones and acting out scenes. A junior-high classmate later described him as "this kid who was really tall, but who was kind of awkward, maybe getting picked on by the school bullies because his voice change at puberty was very rough."
Both his parents worked in education: his mother, Rita, taught music and his father, Dave, was a choral director at Normandale Community College. Docter and his two sisters took music lessons at the MacPhail Center for Music, where they were taught the violin and viola in the Suzuki method. Unlike his two sisters, Kirsten Docter, who was the violist and a founding member of the Cavani String Quartet, and Kari Docter, a cellist with the Metropolitan Opera, Docter was not particularly interested in music as he didn't like to practice the violin, although he learned to play the double bass and played with the orchestras for the soundtracks of Monsters, Inc. and Up.
Docter attended Nine Mile Elementary School, Oak Grove Junior High, and John F. Kennedy High School in Bloomington. He taught himself cartooning, making flip books and homemade animated shorts with a family movie camera. He later described his interest in animation as a way to "play God", making up nearly living characters. Cartoon director Chuck Jones, producer Walt Disney, and cartoonist Jack Davis were major inspirations.
He spent about a year at the University of Minnesota studying both philosophy and making art before transferring to the California Institute of the Arts, where he won a Student Academy Award for his production "Next Door" and graduated in 1990 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. Although Docter had planned to work for Walt Disney Animation Studios, his best offers came from Pixar and from the producers of The Simpsons. He did not think much of Pixar at that time, and later considered his choice to work there a strange and unusual one.

## Career

Before joining Pixar, Docter had created three non-computer animations, Next Door, Palm Springs, and Winter. All three shorts were later preserved by the Academy Film Archive. He was a fan of the company's early short films, but he knew nothing about them otherwise. He commented in an October 2009 interview, "Looking back, I kind of go, what was I thinking?"
He started at Pixar in 1990 at the age of 21 after John Lasseter asked his former classmate the late Joe Ranft, who was one of Docter's teachers at CalArts, to recommend any students who would be a good fit for the company. Deciding to follow his instincts and what "felt right" at the time, he accepted the job offer from then obscure Pixar and began work there the day after his college graduation as the tenth employee at the company's animation group and its third animator. Docter instantly felt at home in the tight-knit atmosphere of the company. He has said, "Growing up ... a lot of us felt we were the only person in the world who had this weird obsession with animation. Coming to Pixar you feel like, 'Oh! There are others!'"
Docter had been brought in with limited responsibilities, but Lasseter quickly assigned him larger and larger roles in writing, animation, sound recording, and orchestra scoring. He was one of the three key screenwriters behind the concept of Toy Story, and partially based the character of Buzz Lightyear on himself. He had a mirror on his desk and made faces with it as he conceptualized the character.
Docter's fascination with character development was further influenced by a viewing of Paper Moon, he told journalist Robert K. Elder in an interview for The Film That Changed My Life.
   I like the more character-driven stuff, and Paper Moon brought that home to me in a way that I had not seen in live action, really focusing on the whole story just about characters. It was almost theatrical in the same way you might see a stage show because you're locked in a room. It's got to be about characters, and yet it was so cinematic, a film that couldn't be done in any other medium. It just kind of blew my socks off.
Docter has been an integral part of some of Pixar's most seminal works, including Toy Story, Toy Story 2, A Bug's Life and Monsters, Inc., all of which received critical acclaim and honors. He contributed to these animated films as a co-author to the scripts, and worked with CGI stalwarts such as Lasseter, Ronnie del Carmen, Bob Peterson, Andrew Stanton, Brad Bird, and Joe Ranft. Docter has referred to his colleagues at Pixar as a bunch of "wild stallions". He is also one of the five founding members of the Pixar Braintrust, which came together during the making of Toy Story (the other four being Lasseter, Stanton, Ranft and Unkrich).
Docter made his directorial debut with Monsters, Inc.—the first Pixar film not directed by Lasseter—which occurred right after the birth of his first child, Nick. Docter has said that the abrupt move from a complete, single-minded devotion to his career to parenting drove him "upside down" and formed the inspiration for the storyline. In 2004, he was asked by Lasseter to direct the English translation of Howl's Moving Castle. Docter then directed the 2009 film Up, released on May 29, 2009. He based the protagonist of Up partially on himself, based on his frequent feelings of social awkwardness and his desire to get away from crowds to contemplate. Following the success of Up, Docter and fellow Pixar veterans Lasseter, Stanton and Lee Unkrich as well as long-time collaborator and director Brad Bird were honored with the Golden Lion Honorary Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 66th Venice International Film Festival. Docter directed the 2015 film Inside Out to critical acclaim. His next film, Soul, was released on Disney+ on December 25, 2020, to critical acclaim.
Docter appeared at Comic-Con 2008 and the 2009 WonderCon.
In May 2009, Docter remarked retrospectively to Christianity Today that he had lived "a blessed life" so far. The A.V. Club has called him "almost universally successful". He has been nominated for eight Oscars (winning three), three Annie Awards (winning two), four BAFTA Film Awards (winning two), a British Academy Children's Award (which he won), and a Hochi Film Award (which he won). Accepting his first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, he said, "Never did I dream that making a flip book out of my third-grade math book would lead to this." Docter served as Vice-President of Creativity at Pixar Animation Studios through June 2018, and following Lasseter stepping down from the role, became the studio's chief creative officer. TheWrap reported that Docter planned to complete the film he began working on in 2016, which ultimately became Soul.
Docter received the Winsor McCay Award at the 2023 Annie Awards ceremony along with fellow animators Craig McCracken and Evelyn Lambart, for his "unparalleled achievement and exceptional contributions to animation".

## Personal life

Docter is married to Amanda Docter and has two children, Nicholas and Elie. Elie has a speaking part in Up and was the inspiration for the character of Riley in Inside Out.
Docter is a fan of anime, particularly the work of Hayao Miyazaki. Docter has said that Miyazaki's animation has "beautifully observed little moments of truth that you just recognize and respond to". He is also a fan of the filmography of Pixar competitor DreamWorks. Referring to the competitive environment, he has said: "I think it's a much healthier environment when there is more diversity".
During an interview in 2009, Docter confirmed that he is a Christian and said that it influences his work. However, he went on to say that he did not envision himself ever creating a Christian film. About the relationship between his faith and his filmmaking, Docter has said:
   I don't think people in any way, shape, or form like to be lectured to. When people go to a movie, they want to see some sort of experience of themselves on the screen. They don't come to be taught. So in that sense, and in terms of any sort of beliefs, I don't want to feel as though I'm ever lecturing or putting an agenda forth.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Animator | Story Artist | Executive Producer | Other | Voice Role | Notes |
| 1995 | Toy Story | No | Original Story | Supervising | Yes | No | No | | |
| 1998 | A Bug's Life | No | No | No | Additional | No | No | | |
| 1999 | Toy Story 2 | No | Original Story | No | No | No | No | | |
| 2001 | Monsters, Inc. | Yes | Original Story | Uncredited | No | No | Yes | CDA Agent 00002 | |
| 2003 | Finding Nemo | No | No | No | No | No | No | | Brain Trust, uncredited |
| 2004 | The Incredibles | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Additional Voices | Brain Trust, uncredited |
| 2005 | Howl's Moving Castle | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Director: English Dub, U.S. Version |
| 2006 | Cars | No | No | No | No | No | No | | Brain Trust, uncredited |
| 2007 | Ratatouille | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Productions |
| 2008 | WALL-E | No | Original Story | No | No | No | Yes | Additional Voices | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2009 | Up | Yes | Yes | Uncredited | No | No | Yes | Campmaster Strauch, Kevin | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2010 | Toy Story 3 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2011 | Cars 2 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2012 | Brave | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2013 | Monsters University | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2015 | Inside Out | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Dad's Anger | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2015 | The Good Dinosaur | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2016 | Finding Dory | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2017 | Cars 3 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2017 | Coco | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2018 | Incredibles 2 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2019 | Toy Story 4 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2020 | Onward | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2020 | Soul | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2021 | Luca | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2022 | Turning Red | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2022 | Lightyear | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2023 | Elemental | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2024 | Inside Out 2 | Uncredited | No | Uncredited | No | Yes | Yes | Dad's Anger | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2025 | Elio | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2026 | Hoppers | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| 2026 | Toy Story 5 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |
| TBA | Incredibles 3 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team - uncredited on Up and Inside Out |

### Shorts and series

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Animator | Executive Producer | Other | Role | Notes |
| 1985 | Behind the Scenes at Camelot | No | No | No | No | Yes | Himself | |
| 1988 | Winter | Yes | Yes | Yes | Producer | No | | |
| 1989 | Palm Springs | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Sigmond Dinosaur | |
| 1989 | Cranium Command | No | No | Yes | No | No | | |
| 1990 | Next Door | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Old Man | Composer |
| 1997 | Geri's Game | No | No | Yes | No | No | | |
| 2002 | Mike's New Car | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | | Original Story |
| 2005 | Mr. Incredible and Pals | No | No | No | No | Yes | Mr. Incredible | |
| 2009 | Dug's Special Mission | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2009 | George and A.J. | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2009 | Let's Pollute | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Musician: Bass |
| 2013 | Party Central | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2015 | Riley's First Date? | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Dad's Anger | |
| 2017 | Lou | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2018 | Bao | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2019–20 | Forky Asks a Question | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2020 | Loop | No | No | No | No | Yes | | Story Trust |
| 2020 | Lamp Life | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2020 | Dory's Reef Cam | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2021 | Pixar Popcorn | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2021 | 22 vs. Earth | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2021-23 | Dug Days | No | No | No | Yes | No | | |
| 2024 | Dream Productions | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team |
| 2025 | Win or Lose | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | | Pixar Senior Creative Team |

### Other credits

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2003 | Boundin' | Special Thanks |
| 2007 | Fog City Mavericks | Special Thanks |
| 2007 | The Pixar Story | Himself; Very Special Thanks |
| 2008 | Presto | Special Thanks |
| 2009 | Partly Cloudy | Special Thanks |
| 2010 | Day & Night | Special Thanks |
| 2011 | La Luna | Special Thanks |
| 2013 | The Blue Umbrella | Special Thanks |
| 2013 | Toy Story of Terror! | Extra Special Thanks |
| 2014 | Toy Story That Time Forgot | Extra Special Thanks |
| 2014 | Lava | Special Thanks |
| 2015 | Sanjay's Super Team | Special Thanks |
| 2016 | Piper | Special Thanks |
| 2017 | Baby Driver | Special Thanks - uncredited |
| 2019 | Purl | Special Thanks |
| 2019 | Kitbull | Special Thanks |
| 2019 | Float | Special Thanks |
| 2019 | Frozen II | Special Thanks |
| 2019 | Wind | Special Thanks |
| 2020 | Out | Special Thanks |
| 2020 | One Night in Miami... | Special Thanks |
| 2020 | Borat Subsequent Moviefilm | Special Thanks |
| 2020 | Canvas | Special Thanks |
| 2020 | Burrow | Special Thanks |
| 2020–2021 | Inside Pixar | Special Thanks |
| 2021 | Monsters at Work | Special Thanks |
| 2021 | Twenty Something | Special Thanks |
| 2021 | Nona | Special Thanks |
| 2021 | A Spark Story | Himself; Special Thanks |
| 2021 | Ciao Alberto | Special Thanks |
| 2021 | Pixar 2021 Disney+ Day Special | Himself |
| 2022 | Embrace the Panda: Making 'Turning Red' | Special Thanks |
| 2022 | Beyond Infinity: Buzz and the Journey to 'Lightyear' | Himself; Special Thanks |
| 2022 | Cars on the Road | Special Thanks; Pixar Senior Creative Team |
| 2023 | Good Chemistry: The Story of 'Elemental' | Special Thanks |
| 2024 | Self | Special Thanks |

## Reception

Critical, public and commercial reception to films Docter has directed as of January 9, 2021. Soul was released directly to Disney+ in 2020 primarily in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which was a contributing factor to its box office earnings. Soul would later have a limited theatrical run in 2024.
| Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore | Budget | Box office |
| Monsters, Inc. | 96% (196 reviews) | 79 (35 reviews) | A+ | $115 million | $577.4 million |
| Up | 98% (295 reviews) | 88 (37 reviews) | A+ | $175 million | $735.1 million |
| Inside Out | 98% (369 reviews) | 94 (55 reviews) | A | $175 million | $857.6 million |
| Soul | 95% (309 reviews) | 83 (55 reviews) | N/A | $150 million | $120.9 million |

## Awards and nominations
### Academy Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1995 | Toy Story | Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2001 | Monsters, Inc. | Best Animated Feature | Nominated |
| 2002 | Mike's New Car | Best Animated Short Film | Nominated |
| 2008 | WALL-E | Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2009 | Up | Best Animated Feature | Won |
| 2009 | Up | Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2015 | Inside Out | Best Animated Feature | Won |
| 2015 | Inside Out | Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2020 | Soul | Best Animated Feature | Won |

### Annie Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1996 | Toy Story | Best Individual Achievement in Animation | Won |
| 2000 | Toy Story 2 | Outstanding Achievement in Writing | Won |
| 2002 | Monsters, Inc. | Directing in a Feature Production | Nominated |
| 2010 | Up | Directing in a Feature Production | Won |
| 2010 | Up | Writing in a Feature Production | Nominated |
| 2016 | Inside Out | Directing in a Feature Production | Won |
| 2016 | Inside Out | Writing in a Feature Production | Won |
| 2021 | Soul | Directing in a Feature Production | Nominated |
| 2021 | Soul | Writing in a Feature Production | Won |

### Other awards

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 1995 | Hugo Awards | Best Dramatic Presentation | Toy Story | Nominated |
| 2001 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Animated Feature | Monsters, Inc. | Nominated |
| 2001 | Hugo Awards | Best Dramatic Presentation | Monsters, Inc. | Nominated |
| 2008 | Nebula Award for Best Script | Nebula Award for Best Script | WALL-E | Won |
| 2008 | Hugo Awards | Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form | Won | |
| 2009 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Animated Feature | Up | Won |
| 2009 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Up | Nominated |
| 2009 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Up | Won |
| 2009 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Animated Film | Up | Won |
| 2009 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Up | Nominated |
| 2009 | Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation | Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation | Up | Nominated |
| 2009 | Hugo Awards | Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form | Up | Nominated |
| 2009 | Satellite Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Up | Nominated |
| 2015 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Inside Out | Won |
| 2015 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Animated Feature | Inside Out | Won |
| 2015 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Inside Out | Nominated |
| 2015 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Comedy | Inside Out | Nominated |
| 2015 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Animated Film | Inside Out | Won |
| 2015 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Inside Out | Nominated |
| 2015 | Satellite Awards | Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature | Inside Out | Won |
| 2015 | Satellite Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Inside Out | Nominated |
| 2015 | Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation | Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation | Inside Out | Nominated |
| 2020 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Soul | Won |
| 2021 | NAACP Image Awards | Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture | Soul | Nominated |

## Collaborators (actors)

Pete Docter has cast certain actors and crew members in multiple of the films he has directed.
| | Monsters, Inc. | Up | Inside Out | Soul |
| Mary Gibbs | N | | N | |
| Bob Peterson | N | N | | |
| John Ratzenberger | N | N | N | |
| Frank Oz | N | | N | |
| Jeff Pidgeon | N | N | | |
| Himself | N | N | N | |
| Danny Mann | N | N | | |
| Mickie McGowan | N | N | | |
| Josh Cooley | | N | N | |
| John Cygan | | N | N | |
| Ronnie del Carmen | | | N | N |