# Rizzuto crime family

The Rizzuto crime family (Italian:) is an Italian-Canadian organized crime family based in Montreal, Quebec, whose activity covers most of southern Quebec and Ontario. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States considers the family a faction of the Bonanno crime family of New York City, while Canadian and most other international law enforcement agencies recognize it as an independent family. The Rizzuto family is sometimes referred to as the Sixth Family.
Nicolo Rizzuto, a Sicilian immigrant from Cattolica Eraclea, established the organization in the 1970s as part of the Sicilian faction of the Montreal-based Cotroni crime family. An internal war within the Cotroni family broke out by the late 1970s which resulted in the death of acting captain Paolo Violi and his brothers, allowing the Rizzutos to overtake the Cotronis as the city's preeminent crime family. Nicolo subsequently earned the monikers the 'Canadian Godfather' and 'boss of the Mafia in Canada' from international organized crime expert Antonio Nicaso.
Nicolo's son Vito was imprisoned between 2007 and 2012 for murders in which he participated in 1981, causing a power struggle among criminals in Montreal. During his imprisonment, his son Nicolo Jr. was killed in 2009 and Nicolo Sr. was shot by a sniper while in his home in 2010. Upon Vito's release, several people were killed in what was suspected to be retaliation for the murders of his family. Vito died of natural causes in 2013, and the head of the Rizzuto family is now assumed to be his son Leonardo.

## Overtaking of the Cotroni family

Nicolo Rizzuto married Libertina Manno during the early 1940s, the daughter of a Sicilian Mafia leader, Antonio Manno. Rizzuto emigrated from Sicily with his family to Montreal in 1954.
In the 1970s, Rizzuto was an underling in the Sicilian faction, led by Luigi Greco until his death in 1972, of the Calabrian Cotroni crime family. As tension then grew into a power struggle between the Calabrian and Sicilian factions of the family, a mob war began in 1976. In December 1970, the Reggio Bar, which served as the office of the Cotroni family underboss, Paolo Violi, was bugged by an undercover policeman Robert Ménard, who for the next five years recorded everything that Violi said in the Reggio Bar. In 1975-1976, Ménard's recordings were played in public at the CECO hearings, which ruined Violi's underworld reputation. The Bonnano family-which the Cotroni family was only a branch of-shifted its support from Violi to Rizzuto in the aftermath of the CECO hearings. Vito Rizzuto went to New York to meet "the Commission" (the governing board of the American Mafia) and asked for their approval to have Violi killed as he argued that Violi was simply too "stupid" to be the next boss of the Cotroni family as proven by l'affaire Ménard. "The Commission", which was very unhappy with Violi following the CECO hearings, gave their permission for Rizzuto to have Violi killed along with his followers. However, "the Commission" did not give its approval for the murder of either Vic or Frank Cotroni. The first victim of the gang war was Pietro Sciara, a Rizzuto loyalist who joined Violi's faction. Sciara was killed on February 14, 1976 as he was leaving a cinema after watching The Godfather Part II dubbed into Italian.
In 1977, Rizzuto and Cotroni capodecina Paolo Violi met face-to-face in the home of a Montreal resident for a last-ditch effort to resolve their differences, according to a police report. But the peace talks failed, and most of the Rizzuto family fled to Venezuela. This led to a violent Mafia war in Montreal which resulted in the deaths of Violi and his brothers, along with others, spanning the mid-1970s to the early 1980s until the war ceased. Antonio Manno's son Domenico was also instrumental in Violi's murder. He received a seven-year sentence after pleading guilty to conspiring to kill Violi; Rizzuto confidant Agostino Cuntrera received a five-year sentence in relation to Violi's murder. By the mid 1980s, the Rizzuto crime family emerged as Montreal's pre-eminent crime family after the turf war. The Rizzuto family along with their allies in the Cuntrera-Caruana clan were major players in the economy of Venezuela via their holding company of Aceroes Prensados, which owned much real estate, ranches, trucking companies, factories, hotels, shipping, service providers and building contractors whose assets in Venezuela in the 1980s were worth $500 million.
Nicolo's son, Vito, later followed him into the Mafia. He kept a low profile, working only with trusted people close to the family. They worked with the Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan, Colombian and Venezuelan drug cartels, and the Bonanno crime family in New York City. Gerlando Sciascia was a Bonanno caporegime that served as a representative for the Rizzutos. Rizzuto was the mediator who oversaw the peace among the Hells Angels, the Mafia, street gangs, Colombian cartels, and the Irish mobs such as the West End Gang. The Rizzuto family lived in a Mafia "village" along a section of Gouin Boulevard, where most of the imposing Tudor-style mansions were owned by Mafiosi. The Rizzuto family and their allies in the Cuntera-Caruana clan were more cosmopolitan than the Cotroni family as Peter Edwards, the crime correspondent of the Toronto Star noted they lived "...on a grandiose international scale, driving BMW 732i's and Mercedes-Benz 500SELs and owning English country mansions with names such as Broomfield Manor and The Hook. Their children kept away from the old neighborhood, and attended well-heeled private schools such as Selwyn House with the offspring of more mainstream capitalists".
In the 1980s, Vito's French-Canadian right-hand man, Raynald Desjardins, along with Gerald Hiscock and Michel Routhier were involved in smuggling drugs via Newfoundland. Taking advantage of the high unemployment rate in the Newfoundland fishing industry, the Rizzuto family employed the fishermen to use their boats to smuggle drugs from Turkey into Montreal with the fishermen being paid between $17,000 and $25,000 per voyage. In October 1987, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police seized one fishing boat, the Charlotte Louise that was carrying 17 tons of Turkish hashish. Vito Rizzuto, Desjardins, Hiscock and Rothier were all charged with conspiracy to smuggle drugs, but the judge at the trial excluded much of the wiretap evidence. The trial ended in an acquittal for all of the accused on November 8, 1990. In 1995, a document from the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal stated: "If sold on the street the cocaine, hashish, marijuana and heroin seized in Canada in 1993 alone would have earned criminals between $1.5 and $4 billion. Amounts seized correspond to about 10 percent of imports". The same document estimated that Quebec organized crime groups made profits of $30 billion in 1993 with the Mafia and the Hells Angels taking the largest share. Between 1988 and 1995, Quebec-based organized crime groups were responsible for 90 percent of all the cocaine and hashish seized in Canada.
Canadian Mafia journalists Lee Lamothe and Adrian Humphreys dubbed the Rizzuto clan the Sixth Family to describe them on an equal footing with the Five Families of Cosa Nostra in New York. According to the book The Sixth Family:
   By 2003, the Rizzuto organization was variously listed in FBI and DEA files as merely 'the Canadian crew of the Bonanno Family' or the 'Montreal faction of the Bonannos.' The reality is far different. The territory under its control is huge—more than a million square miles of Quebec and Ontario directly fall under its influence, an area larger than one-quarter the size of the entire United States. It includes major cities, the busiest border crossings between the U.S. and Canada, and many mature Mafia clans that are, by and large, cooperating under the Sixth Family's banner. Where American Mafia bosses controlled criminal activity in portions of a city or a New York borough or the criminal activity in an industrial or commercial sector—such as construction or New York's garment district—the Sixth Family was an enterprise with a true global reach. The Sixth Family had outpaced any crew in the Bonanno Family and, indeed, man-for-man, dollar-for-dollar, had eclipsed the family as a whole. ...
   'The nucleus of the Montreal-based Sicilian Mafia ... (comprises) hundreds of soldiers and associates,' says a Canadian police report drafted in 2004. Those who merely do business with the Sixth Family or work with them in short-term ventures are not included in this. Neither, generally, are the businessmen who do mostly non-criminal favors for the organization.
In 1996, the firm of Olifas Marketing Group (OMG) was founded in Vaughan by Salvatore Oliveti, a recycling/garbage company. two of the men on OMG's board of directors had Mafia associations; Giancarlo Serpe had been a business partner of Enio Mora. Another board member, Frank Campoli was the first cousin to Giovannia Rizzuto (the wife of Vito Rizzuto) and was a guest at the wedding in 1995 of Nick Rizzuto Jr. Giovannia Rizzuto and her three adult children, namely Nick Rizzoto, Leonardo Rizzuto and Libertina Rizzuto, collectively owned shares worth $1.6 million in OMG. In 1997, OMG won its first contract for recycling with the city of Etobicoke just before Etobicoke was merged into Toronto. OMG then took the recycling contract for all of Toronto. OMG enjoyed massive success, winning contracts for recycling with the cities of Ottawa, Markham, London, Hamilton, Windsor and St. Catharines as well with numerous school boards and universities across Ontario. On May 30, 2002, Vito Rizzuto was arrested for drunk driving in a blue Grand Cherokee jeep that belonged to OMG. An investigation by journalists from La Presse revealed that Rizzuto-who had no official role with OMG-routinely drove OMG vehicles such as the jeep. In February 2010, an audit by the Canada Revenue Agency revealed that Rizzuto's wife and children were major shareholders in OMG, leading to the Rizzutos to sell their share to Oliveti despite his claims not to know who the Rizzutos were.

## Power vacuum after Vito's arrest

After consolidation of their power in the 1990s, the Rizzutos became over-exposed and over-extended. The first major blow to the family was the murder of their Toronto agent Gaetano Panepinto by the 'Ndrangheta hitman Salvatore Calautti on October 3, 2000. Though the murder had been sanctioned by Rizzuto who withdrew his "protection" of Panepinto (meaning that Panepinto could be killed without fear of revenge by the Rizzuto family), the fact that the family had not taken action themselves against Panepinto for unsanctioned murders damaged its image in the underworld. The journalists Peter Edwards and Antonio Nicaso wrote: "The murder marked a rare lapse in Vito's judgment and a subtle turning point in his fortunes. It would have been far better to take action himself against Panepinto if he needed to sacrifice his lieutenant. By bending to the pressure of the Italian team that visited him, Vito had further legitimized the 'Ndrangheta on the streets and undermined his own security". Panepinto was replaced as the family's Toronto agent by Juan Ramon Fernandez, a Spanish gangster who been a family associate since the 1980s. In January 2001, Rizzuto called a meeting at a Toronto restaurant attended by members of the Gambino family of New York, the Magaddino family of Buffalo, and the seven 'Ndrangheta clans of Toronto to discuss his plans to complete his takeover of the underworld in Ontario. Vito Rizzuto was arrested on January 20, 2004, in Montreal, for his involvement in the May 5, 1981, gangland killings of three rival Bonanno crime family captains (Alphonse Indelicato, Philip Giaccone and Dominick Trinchera) and was sentenced to a 10-year prison sentence on May 4, 2007, after being extradited to the United States. After Rizzuto was arrested in 2004, a committee of caretaker leaders for Vito Rizzuto was formed of Nicolo Rizzuto, Paolo Renda, Rocco Sollecito, Francesco Arcadi, Lorenzo Giordano and Francesco Del Balso.
On February 11, 2005, the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia (DIA) arrested Giuseppe Zappia, an Italian engineer at his luxury villa outside of Rome on charges of fraud in connection with his efforts to win the contract to build a bridge to connect Sicily to Calabria on behalf of the Rizzuto family. Zappia was infamous in Canada as his firm Les Terrasses Zarolega had been awarded the contract without tender to build the Olympic Village for the 1976 Olympics at the express wish of Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau. The Olympic Village that Les Terrasses Zarolega built cost the city of Montreal $100 million, which was three times the cost projected, and Zappia ended up facing 27 counts of fraud, extortion and paying bribes in connection with the Olympic Village fiasco. Zappia returned to Italy and became a billionarie by construction projects in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Libya, though there were complaints about cost overruns in his Middle Eastern projects. Despite this inauspicious history, Zappia was a friend of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and he was favored to win the contract to build the bridge over Strait of Messina. As part of the same investigation, Italy filed an extradition request with Canada for Vito Rizzuto to send to Italy to face charges of fraud and money laundering. Likewise as part of the same investigation, Italy had also filed an extradition request with the United Kingdom for Sivalingam Sivabavanandan, a Sri Lankan businessman living in London; with France for Hakim Hammoudi of Paris who was accused of being the messenger between Zappia and Rizzuto; and with Canada for the extradition of Filippo Ranieri, a building manager in Montreal and a Rizzuto family member.
Colonel Paolo La Forgia in a press conference in Rome stated the construction firm of Zappia International which had been bidding for the rights to build a bridge over the Strait of Messina was a front for the Rizzuto family, who had plans to lauder billions. On 1 August 2003, the DIA listened as Zappia in Rome called Ranieri in Montreal to tell him: "If everything does well, I will build the bridge and when everything is finished, the friend [Rizzuto] can return to Italy...One one side there is the Mafia, on the other side is the 'Ndrangheta. We will make both them happy and we will do the bridge." Zappia spoke on the telephone with Rizzuto about the bridge project, which Rizzuto was deeply involved in, though Zappia told Ranieri that he could not be seen with Rizzuto because "if they see me with him, my reputation is over. You understand?". In a telephone call to Ranieri on September 19, 2003, Zappia stated: "What about our friend [Rizzuto]? I think our friend should send someone to get the money. He should send those people on motorcycles [the Hells Angels]. He has to send the French people, with the bikes". Sivabavanandan was arrested while on visit to France and extradited to Italy, where he was convicted of Mafia associations and served half of his two year sentence. Hammoudi, a Franco-Algerian man who once lived in Montreal was likewise extradited to Italy, where he received a suspended sentence for Mafia associations. Canada refused to extradite either Ranieri or Rizzuto to face trial in Italy. Adriano Iasillo, an anti-Mafia prosecutor stated in an interview with Isabelle Richer of Radio Canada that: "Without Rizzuto, it would have been impossible for a criminal organization from outside to invest in one of the biggest projects of the century. And it was here [in Italy] that this project of the century was supposed to see the light of day". Cédilot and Noël wrote: "That a Canadian, Vito Rizzuto, was the chief architect of this massive campaign to plunder Italian government funds and European Community subsidies spoke volumes about his reach and influence. This was power that not even the bosses of New York's Five Families had ever dreamed of possessing".
In 2005, a 300 kilogram shipment of a total 1,300 kilograms of cocaine, co-organized by Rizzuto family confidant, Francesco Del Balso and West End Gang member, Richard Griffin, was intercepted in Boucherville, Quebec, by police. After Griffin invested $1.5 million in the purchase and transportation of the cocaine, he demanded $350,000 from the Rizzutos for not taking preventative measures in transporting the drugs. After arguments about the debts, Griffin was riddled with gunfire outside his home in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce on July 12, 2006. On August 30, 2006, 35-year old Domenico Macri, a Rizzuto family enforcer and protégé of Francesco Del Balso, was murdered in a drive-by shooting as he waited at a traffic light in his Cadillac car in downtown Montreal.
On November 22, 2006, the senior leadership committee of the criminal organization were arrested as part of the four-year investigation known as Project Colisée. Among the 90 people arrested, were Nicolo Rizzuto, Paolo Renda, Rocco Sollecito, Francesco Arcadi, Lorenzo Giordano and Francesco Del Balso. During the investigation, the RCMP penetrated the group's inner sanctum by hiding cameras in the Consenza Social Club where the leaders had business. On September 18, 2008, as a result of the investigation, the committee six members of the family pleaded guilty to possession of proceeds of a crime for the benefit of, the direction of, or in association with a criminal organization.
Between September 7 and September 12, 2007, 56-year old Francesco "Frank" Velenosi, an associate of capo Francesco Arcadi, was found in the trunk of his Volvo car, stabbed to death.
On January 15, 2008, Constantin "Big Gus" Alevizos, an associate of Panepinto before his murder in October 2000, was shot and killed outside of a halfway house in Brampton, Ontario. He was serving 3 years imprisonment since February 2007 for his role in a drug conspiracy. He was accused of stealing $600,000 from the Rizzuto family following Panepinto's murder. A 2001 attempted hit was foiled after Juan "Joe Bravo" Fernandez gave a gun and ammunition to an undercover police agent. Alevizos was shot in the back and abdomen and was pronounced dead at a nearby hospital.
On December 4, 2008, 40-year old Rizzuto family soldier Mario "Skinny" Marabella was kidnapped at a gas station on Autoroute 440 in Laval, Quebec. He was forced into a minivan and his car was later found in flames in Montreal. Marabella had several convictions for loansharking, breaking probation and extortion. In 1992, he and Giuseppe De Vito robbed a liquor truck. He pleaded guilty to possessing stolen goods and received a 90-day sentence.
On January 16, 2009, 37-year old Sam Fasulo, a convicted heroin and crack-cocaine dealer who had close ties to Francesco Arcadi, was shot and killed. In 2004, he was sentenced to four years in prison for his role in a drug trafficking ring that operated out of Italian cafés in Saint-Leonard and Saint-Michel. Fasulo was shot several times while driving in North Montreal and died in hospital two days later from his wounds.
On August 21, 2009, family associate, Federico del Peschio was killed behind La Cantina restaurant in Ahuntsic. On December 28, 2009, Nick Rizzuto Jr., son of Vito Rizzuto, was shot and killed near his car in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, a borough in Montreal. The killing of Nick Jr. – the face of the organization on the street – illustrated the power vacuum within the upper ranks of Montreal organized crime. Since the slaying of Vito Rizzuto's son, the organization suffered other major setbacks. 70-year old Paolo Renda, the consigliere of the Rizzuto crime family, disappeared on May 20, 2010. A month later 66-year old Agostino Cuntrera, the presumed acting boss who was believed to have taken control of the family, was killed together with his bodyguard 44-year old Liborio Sciascia on June 30, 2010. After three decades of relative stability, the face of the city's Mafia hierarchy was subject to a major management shuffle. 36-year old Ennio Bruni, former Rizzuto family enforcer was shot and killed around 3:15am outside of Café Bellerose in Vimont, Quebec, on September 29, 2010. Bruni previously managed to escape an assassination attempt on his life on November 24, 2009, after he was shot three times in the shoulder and once in the back shortly after his departure from a restaurant in Laval. On November 10, 2010, Nicolo Rizzuto was killed at his residence in the Cartierville borough of Montreal when a single bullet from a sniper's rifle punched through double-paned glass of the rear patio doors of his mansion; he was 86. His death is believed to have been the final blow against the Rizzuto crime family.
Calabrese mobsters led by the old Cotroni family were among the suspects for the murders of Rizzuto crime family members. The Rizzutos have dominated organized crime activities in Montreal since its inception and now their weakened organization is being challenged for control of rackets in the area, most notably the drug trade. An associate of capo Francesco Arcadi and Francesco Del Balso, 44-year old Antonio Di Salvo, was shot and killed at his home in Rivière-des-Prairies, Quebec, on January 31, 2011. On October 24, 2011, Rizzuto crime family associate-turned rival 40-year old Lorenzo "Larry" Lopresti, the son of Joe Lopresti who was gunned down in April 1992, was shot and killed on his ground-floor balcony and pronounced dead at the scene. His murder was confirmed as the 31st homicide in Montreal in 2011. Salvatore Montagna, the acting boss of the Bonanno family until his deportation to Canada in 2009, was believed to be attempting to reorganize both families under his control; however, he was murdered in November 2011.
On March 1, 2012, 38-year old Giuseppe "Joe Closure" Colapelle, was shot inside of his parked car in North Montreal and later pronounced dead upon arrival of the hospital. It is believed Colapelle worked for Giuseppe De Vito, a former Rizzuto family lieutenant who was ousted after attempting to overthrow the Rizzuto family in around 2009–2010. Colapelle allegedly served as a double-agent for Raynald Desjardins and was spying on Salvatore Montagna by mid-2011. On May 4, 2012, 53-year old Giuseppe "Joe" Renda was kidnapped and never seen again. Renda met with Antonio Pietranto and Montagna two days before the failed assassination attempt on Desjardins on September 16, 2011, Renda allegedly gave Montagna his full support in taking control of the Italian-Montreal underworld. Walter Gutierrez, a money launderer for the Rizzuto family, was shot to death in West Montreal on July 16, 2012. Vito Rizzuto was released from prison on October 5, 2012. On November 5, 2012, Rizzuto family confidant-turned rival 70-year old Giuseppe "Smiling Joe" Di Maulo was executed by a hitman waiting outside his home in Blainville, Quebec. Di Maulo allegedly attended the election of Philip Rastelli as the Bonanno family boss in 1973 with Desjardins and Paolo Violi, it also noted that he was the brother-in-law of Desjardins. On December 8, 2012, Rizzuto family lieutenant 50-year old Emilio Cordileone was gunned down in Ahuntsic, near his parked car. His murder was verified as Montreal's 33rd homicide in 2012. Cordileone's murder was possibly the result of his association with Giuseppe De Vito and the Cotroni crime family.
On May 8, 2013, 57-year old Juan "Joe Bravo" Fernandez and his associate 36-year old Fernando Pimentel, considered neutral in the Rizzuto war, were both found murdered in a garbage dump in Casteldaccia, Palermo, his body was burnt and riddled with over 30 bullets. His associate allegedly arrived in Sicily in March. Law enforcement considered the hit to be ordered by Vito Rizzuto. Bravo was deported from Canada to Sicily in 2012. Giuseppe Carbone, Pietro and Salvatore Scaduto were convicted for the April 9th murder. Carbone led the police to the whereabouts in May, he became a cooperating witness and was sentenced to 16 years in prison.
On July 8, 2013, 46-year old Giuseppe De Vito, ally of Desjardins, was fatally poisoned in his cell at Donnacona federal penitentiary. De Vito was targeted by law enforcement in 2006 as part of "Operation Coliseum". He was serving a 15-year prison sentence for conspiracy to import cocaine and gangsterism charges following his conviction in 2010. His murder is believed to be orchestrated by Vito Rizzuto. On July 12, 2013, 41-year old Salvatore Calautti was shot in the head and killed while driving in Vaughan, Ontario. His associate, 35-year old Jimmy Tusek, was shot in the chest and stomach. The killing of Calautti is believed to be revenge for the murder of Vito Rizzuto associate Gaetano Panepinto in October 2000 and Nicolo Rizzuto, Sr. in November 2010. It is noted he also had ties to the 'Ndrangheta organisation in Canada.
On November 10, 2013, 67-year old Moreno "The Turkey" Gallo, a once-influential member of the crime family, was killed by a gunman inside an Italian restaurant in the Mexican city of Acapulco. He had lived in Canada throughout the 1950s but was deported in January 2013 after the Canadian government formally accused him of murder and organized crime charges. The murder of Gallo is believed to have marked the three-year anniversary of the murder of Nicolo Rizzuto, Sr. on November 10, 2010. It is suspected Gallo was killed as a consequence of aligning with Desjardins and attempting to overthrow the Rizzuto family around 2009–2010.

## Events following Vito's death

Five days before the death of Rizzuto, on December 18, 2013, 54-year old Roger Valiquette Jr., a loan shark and Raynald Desjardins ally who also had ties to Joe Di Maulo, was gunned down in the parking lot of a restaurant in Laval. Vito Rizzuto died of natural causes on December 23, 2013. After his release from prison, Rizzuto had been on a revenge campaign which the Rizzuto crime family continued after his death. Several members and associates of the Cotroni family were murdered as a result.
In April 2014, Carmine Verduci was shot to death outside a cafe; it is believed he was encroaching on the Rizzutos' turf following Vito's death. On August 1, 2014, 46-year old Ducarme Joseph, leader of the Haitian-based street gang "the 67s", was shot multiple times in the upper body on the streets of Saint-Michel, Montreal and was pronounced dead when paramedics arrived. Sources claimed his murder was retribution for his involvement in the murder of Nick Rizzuto Jr. in December 2009, the son of Vito Rizzuto. The 67s gang formed in the Saint-Michel district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the late 1980s and are associated with the Crips gang. Police believed Joseph drove the getaway car in the Rizzuto murder. It is alleged the Rizzuto family offered $200,000 for the death of Joseph. His boutique shop on Saint Jacques Street was shot at on March 18, 2010. Joseph managed to flee however his bodyguard and associate 27-year old Peter Christopoulos, and the store manager 60-year old Jean Gaston, were killed. He was arrested on March 19 on charges of assault and the possession of a firearm silencer, and he was sentenced to 10 months in April 2010.
In November 2015, Vito Rizzuto's son, Leonardo Rizzuto, along with Rocco Sollecito's son, Stefano Sollecito, believed to be the heads of the Mafia in Montreal, were arrested along with more than 40 other people, and were charged with taking part in a conspiracy to traffic in drugs between January 1, 2013, and November 16, 2015. They were also charged with committing a crime "for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with, a criminal organization." As part of the same operation, the police charged Maurice Boucher with ordering the failed assassination plot on Desjardins from his prison cell.
On March 1, 2016, 52-year-old Lorenzo "Skunk" Giordano, a Rizzuto lieutenant and confidant who had expressed wishes to become the next boss of the Rizzuto family, was shot to death in a Chomedey, Quebec parking lot. On May 27, 2016, 67-year old Rocco Sollecito was shot to death while driving in Laval. Sollecito was an underboss of the family and his death was believed to be part of a dismantling of the older generation of the family. On June 2, 2016, semi-retired Rizzuto family member, 72-year old Angelo D'Onofrio, was shot several times at close range inside of Café Sinatra by a young male.
On October 15, 2016, 65-year old Vincenzo Spagnolo, considered formerly as a mediator, messenger and advisor to Vito Rizzuto, was shot multiple times at his home in Vimont, Quebec, and pronounced dead. Spagnolo was close to the Sicilian faction of the family following Rizzuto's death in 2013.
In December 2016, Desjardins received a 14-year prison sentence, including time served, for connection to the murder of Salvatore Montagna in November 2011.
On January 30, 2017, 39-year old Anastasios Leventis, a former computer technician and enforcer associated with the Rizzuto crime family, was shot to death in Toronto, two firearms were recovered close to the scene of the homicide. He pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges and marijuana-smuggling in 2009 as part of "Project Cancun" and was sentenced to 6-months in prison. A court document issued in 2009 considered Leventis the main marijuana supplier in the operation.
On August 17, 2017, 45-year old Antonio De Blasio, a Rizzuto family soldier and Sollecito crew member, was gunned down outside his son's football practice in Staint-Leonard. He was shot several times in the upper body. De Blasio's murder was confirmed as Montreal's 15th homicide in 2017.
Jacques Desjardins, brother of Raynald, disappeared on November 2–3, 2017, and is presumed dead.
On February 3, 2018, 33-year old Daniele Ranieri was found in a ditch in Cancún, Mexico. He was shot twice in the back of the head. Law enforcement alleged Ranieri took over the Toronto crew on behalf of the Rizzuto crime family following the April 2013 murder of Joe Bravo. Ranieri fled to Mexico in 2015 following an indictment on extortion charges issued by the York Regional Police. He previously served three prison-stints for robbery, assault, bookmaking and firearm offenses.
On February 19, 2018, Leonardo Rizzuto and Stefano Sollecito were released from prison since their November 2015 arrest, and acquitted of charges of gangsterism and conspiracy to traffic cocaine. The wiretap evidence that was gathered by a joint police task force in 2015 was excluded as a violation of the constitutional right to solicitor-client privilege.
A 2019 CBC News report later quoted a Mafia expert as stating that "Rizzuto's death paved the way for upheaval in the underworld. There's a power struggle left from the vacuum from Rizzuto". On October 17, 2019, Jonathan Massari, Dominico Scarfo, Guy Dion and Marie-Josée Viau, were arrested and charged with planning and executing the murders of Sollecito and Giordano. With the testimonies of Dion and Viau, Scarfo was convicted of conspiracy to commit murder and first-degree murder of both Sollecito and Giordano and sentenced to 25 years in prison on April 11, 2022, and Massari pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit murder of both Sollecito and Giordano and sentenced to 25 years in prison on March 13, 2023.
The power vacuum after Rizutto's death was particularly apparent to mobsters from the area of Hamilton, Ontario. Angelo Musitano, boss of the city's Musitano crime family, was killed in May 2017. In April 2019, his uncle Tony Musitano died of natural causes, leaving nephew Pasquale (Pat) Musitano as the last of the dynasty. "Those deaths cost [Pat] protection in a world where he had a growing number of enemies", according to journalist Peter Edwards. The enemies included "criminal groups in Hamilton, Buffalo, Montreal and elsewhere, including the Luppino and Papalia crime gangs," according to the National Post.
Shortly after Angelo's murder, Pat Musitano's home was sprayed with bullets, and shortly after Tony's death in April 2019, Pat was shot but survived. At that time, CBC News discussed other mob hits and stated that the "surge" in violence appeared to have commenced after Vito Rizzuto's death; "the Musitano family [for example] was aligned with Rizzuto, which offered protection". In July 2020, Pat Musitano was killed.
On November 10, 2021, Serafino Olivero, an independent money launderer closely connected to the Rizzuto organization, survived a drive-by assassination attempt in Montreal's Riviere-des-Prairies neighbourhood. Olivero had been fined $75,000 by Revenu Quebec in 2018 for producing false tax returns. It is possible that Olivero had fallen from the good graces of the Rizzuto family and was targeted as a result.
On February 9, 2022, 46-year old Domenico Macri was murdered in his garage in the LaSalle neighbourhood of Montreal during a drive-by shooting. Macri was the owner of a local sports bar, named Brasserie des Rapides. Macri is believed to have been involved in the illegal sports betting business and had connections to the Italian Mafia in Montreal and the West End Gang.
On March 15, 2023, Leonardo Rizzuto was shot at six times while driving on Autoroute 440 in Laval, escaping with minor injury. In June 2023, two men were charged with attempted murder of Rizzuto.
On June 5, 2023, 53-year-old Francesco Del Balso, a longtime Rizzuto confidant, was gunned down in Dorval.

## In popular culture

Writers Antonio Nicaso and Peter Edwards published Business or Blood, a history of the family, in 2015. The book was adapted into the television drama series Bad Blood, which debuted on Citytv in 2017.

## Books

* Edwards, Peter; Nicaso, Antonio (2015). Business Or Blood Mafia Boss Vito Rizzuto's Last War. Toronto: Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-345-81376-3.