OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Better for America

Better for America (BFA) is a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election. The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, and was seen as part of the Never Trump movement.
The organization's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named, and then name its candidate after the major party conventions. The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections, or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election. On August 8, 2016, it was reported that Evan McMullin, an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official, would be Better for America's nominee. McMullin was officially nominated on August 24.
In July, the organization filed petitions in two states, New Mexico and Arkansas. By early August, Arkansas had accepted the petition, while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures, although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court. On August 22, the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts. On September 8, the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot.
Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman. Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece.
# Ceredigion (journal)

Ceredigion is an annual local history journal about the history of the county of Ceredigion, Wales, published by Ceredigion Historical Society.
The society was founded, as Cardiganshire Antiquarian Association, 1911 to promote the understanding of the history and archaeology of the county. In 2002 it became Ceredigion Historical Society. The Society started to publish Transactions and Archaeological Record of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society in 1913; it ceased in 1938.
In 1951 Ceredigion: Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society started. In 2002 it was renamed Ceredigion: Journal of Ceredigion Historical Society. It contains historical articles and book reviews. It is mostly in English but there is some Welsh-language content.
It has been digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.
# Paul Heinrich von Groth

Paul Heinrich Ritter von Groth (23 June 1843 – 2 December 1927) was a German mineralogist. His most important contribution to science was his systematic classification of minerals based on their chemical compositions and crystal structures.

## Biography

He was born at Magdeburg, and educated at Freiberg, Dresden and Berlin, and received the doctorate degree in 1868. After lecturing at the Freiberg mining school and at the University of Berlin, in 1872 he became professor of mineralogy at Strasbourg. In 1883, he was appointed professor of mineralogy and curator of minerals in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
He died in Munich.

## Work

He carried out extensive research on crystals and minerals, and also on rocks. von Groth published Tabellarische Übersicht der einfachen Mineralien (1874-1898) and Physikalische Krystallographie (1876-1895, ed. 4, 1905), the latter of which was influential with the acceptance of crystallographic methods in the field of organic chemistry. In 1877 he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, and subsequently served as its editor until 1920. In 1883, Groth compiled a monumental five-volume collection entitled Chemische Kristallographie, which contained crystalline morphology and physical property data on thousands of substances.
By Groth's time, Dalton's atomic theory was already well established. In 1888, Groth was the first to suggest the possibility that spherical atoms reside at equivalent positions of space lattices, which gave a physical significance to this still somewhat abstract idea of the regular and symmetric partitioning of space. The German physicist Leonhard Sohncke (1842–1897) had previously derived the 65 chiral space groups (i.e. those lacking an inversion center, mirror planes, or improper axes of rotation that invert the handedness of a crystal). The mathematical descriptions of the complete set of 230 space groups, including their symmetry elements, were thereafter derived independently by Schönflies, Fedorov, and Barlow. Finally, in 1922, Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff (1897–1994) authored The Analytical Expression of the Results of the Theory of Space Groups, a book which contained, among other things, tables with the positional coordinates, both general and special, permitted by the symmetry elements.

## Publications
### as author

* Elemente der physikalischen und chemischen Krystallographie (R. Oldenbourg, 1921)
* Physikalische Krystallographie und Einleitung in die krystallographische Kenntniss der wichtigsten Subtanzen (W. Engelmann, 1905)
* Ueber die Molekularbeschaffenheit der Krystalle. Festrede gehalten in der öffentlichen Sitzung der k.b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München zur Feier des einhundert und neunundzwanzigsten Stiftungstages am 28 März 1888 (München, 1888)
* Über das studium der Mineralogie auf den Deutschen Hochschulen (London, Trübner & Co, 1875)
# Carl Sennhenn

Carl George Braun Sennhenn (May 24, 1936 – August 2, 2024) was an American writer and academic who served from as the 14th Poet Laureate of Oklahoma from 2001 until 2003. Along with Francine Ringold, he was one of two poets to win the Oklahoma Book Award for Poetry twice, in 2007 and in 2013. He was a former professor at Rose State College, where he also served as a Dean of Humanities.

## Life and education

Sennhenn was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised in Norman, Oklahoma. He earned a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts from the University of Oklahoma, in 1958 and 1960 respectively. He died in August 2024 at the age of 88 in Norman.

## Career

Sennhenn worked as an educator for over 60 years, from the elementary to college level. Even in semi-retirement, he continued to teach Creative Writing for senior adults at Rose State College.
# Frederick Bruce Thomas

Frederick Bruce Thomas (Russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Томас, romanized: Fyodor Fyodorovich Tomas; November 4, 1872 – June 12, 1928) was an American from Coahoma County, Mississippi who became a prominent businessman in the entertainment industry of Moscow and, later, Constantinople.
Thomas was born to former slaves Lewis and Hannah Thomas, who owned a farm in Coahoma County. After his father was murdered, he left Mississippi for London, intending to work as a waiter but then moved to Russia, where he prospered and owned and operated a number of successful theaters and restaurants for 19 years. During the Russian Revolution, he fled to İstanbul Turkey, where he had less success in business and went into debt. His passport request was denied by US consulate due to his slave past and he was unable to return to the United States and died in a debtor's prison. He was buried in the Pangaltı Catholic Cemetery in Istanbul.
# Birthing (album)

Birthing is the upcoming seventeenth studio album by the American experimental rock band Swans. It is set to be released on May 30, 2025, through Mute and Young God Records. Frontman Michael Gira stated that the album was the last to focus on "all-consuming sound worlds", with future albums taking on a "significantly pared down form". The first single from Birthing, "I Am a Tower", was released on February 25, 2025.

## Background

Michael Gira, the frontman for Swans, stated that the material within Birthing was developed and recorded across a yearlong tour. The songs were then further orchestrated and rearranged in the studio. Gira also stated that it would be the last "big sound" Swans album, with future releases from the band being "significantly pared down". One last tour with the band's old sound is planned to take place near the end of 2025.

## Release

The first single from Birthing, "I Am a Tower" was released on February 25, 2025. Commenting for Beats Per Minute's "BPM Curates: February 2025", John Amen wrote, "the track is a study in opposites and functions as a sonic diptych ... [Gira's] voice and the driving music conjuring a sublime blend of humility and braggadocio, embodiment and transcendence, megalomania and self-erasure". Birthing is anticipated to release on May 30, 2025, on 2xCD and 3xLP through Mute and Young God Records. Initial pressings of the album come with a concert film of the band, Swans Live 2024 (Rope) The Beggar, as well as a documentary focused on Gira's 2022 solo tour, I Wonder If I'm Singing What You're Thinking Me To Sing.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Michael Gira

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Birthing liner notes.
Swans
* Michael Gira – vocals, acoustic guitar, producer, art direction, design
* Phil Puleo – drums, hammered dulcimer, flute, melodia, percussion, layout
* Kristof Hahn – lap steel guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, loops, backing vocals
* Dana Schechter – lap steel guitar, bass guitar, loops
* Christopher Pravdica – bass guitar, taishogoto, loops, sound effects, keyboards
* Larry Mullins – Mellotron, keyboards, piano, synthesizer, drums, vibraphone, percussion, backing vocals
* Norman Westberg – electric guitar, loops
Guest musicians
* Jennifer Gira – guest, backing vocals
* Laura Carbone – guest, backing vocals
* Lucy Kruger – guest, backing vocals
* Andreas Dormann – guest, soprano saxophone
* Little Mikey – guest, backing vocals
* Timothy Wyskida – drums on "The Merge"
Engineers
* Doug Henderson – mastering engineer
* Ingo Krauss – recording engineer, mixing engineer
* Kiron Gaudi – assistant engineer
# WISERD

The Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD) is an interdisciplinary social science research centre with its administrative base at Cardiff University, Wales. Its aim is to draw together and build upon the existing expertise in quantitative and qualitative research methods and methodologies.
The institute is a collaborative venture between the Universities of Cardiff, Swansea, Aberystwyth, Bangor and South Wales. Funding is jointly provided by the Welsh Assembly Government (via the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, HEFCW), and the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
The Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data & Methods (WISERD) was established in 2008. Its current director is Professor Ian Rees Jones.
WISERD's research programme consists of activities from basic science to applied research projects, within the following key themes: Civil Society; Education; Health, Wellbeing and Social Care; Economic and Social Inequalities; Localities; and Data and Methods.

## WISERD Civil Society

WISERD Civil Society is a research centre, launched in October 2014 and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. It is undertaking a five-year programme of research addressing Civil Society in Wales, the UK and internationally.
Its four research themes are:
* Locality, Community and Civil Society;
* Institutions and Governance;
* Economic Austerity, Social Enterprise and Equality; and
* Generation, Life Course and Social Participation.
# Don't Wait (Joey Graceffa song)

"Don't Wait" is a song recorded by American YouTube personality Joey Graceffa. Written by Eric Leva, Brett McLaughlin, Matt Parad, it is the third original composition released by Graceffa. It was released independently as a single on May 12, 2015.

## Chart performance

"Don't Wait" debuted at number 64 on the official UK Singles Downloads Chart, a component of the UK Singles Chart for the week of May 24, 2015, becoming his first charting single. It also entered the UK Independent Singles chart at number 7 and the UK Independent Singles Breakers component chart at number 1.

## Music video

An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Doug Potts and was uploaded to Graceffa's YouTube channel on May 16, 2015. The video uses fantasy elements to dramatize the struggles Graceffa faced growing up, including goblins depicting bullies and a witch representing his alcoholic mother. Graceffa's character spends the video attempting to rescue a prince, played by blogger Daniel Preda, from a dark shadow version of himself. In the end, he succeeds, and the two share a kiss on a rocky edge near the river.
This kiss between Graceffa and Preda, who confirmed in February 2016 that they had been dating since before the video shoot, served as Graceffa's first public acknowledgement of his homosexuality. He formally came out two days later, in another video titled "Yes I'm Gay" and in his memoir, In Real Life: My Journey Through a Pixelated World, which was published May 19, 2015.

## Reception

Emma Lord of lifestyle blog Bustle described the video as "one of the most groundbreaking and adorable videos of the year." She praised the production for "depicting the very real struggles he faced growing up," and "[coming] to a satisfying end" with the kiss. Following the video's release, Graceffa received many supportive comments from fans and fellow "YouTubers." By April 2023, the video had been viewed over 42.7 million times.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Scottish Singles Chart (Official Charts Company) | 59 |
| UK Downloads Chart (Official Charts Company) | 64 |
| UK Indie Singles (Official Charts Company) | 7 |
# Kārlis Ozoliņš (ice hockey)

Kārlis Ozoliņš (born March 16, 1994) is a Latvian ice hockey player.

## Playing career

Ozoliņš began his hockey career playing in minor and junior Latvian hockey leagues. During 2011–12 and 2012–13, seasons he played for HK Liepājas Metalurgs in the Latvian Hockey Higher League and Belarusian Extraleague. On August 21, 2013, Ozoliņš signed a contract with Dinamo Riga of the KHL.

### International

Ozoliņš participated at the 2013 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships as a member of the Latvia men's national junior ice hockey team.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2010–11 | Liepājas Metalurgs-2 | LHL | 22 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2011–12 | Liepājas Metalurgs-2 | LHL | 31 | 14 | 21 | 35 | 14 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2011–12 | Liepājas Metalurgs | BXL | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2012–13 | Liepājas Metalurgs-3 | LHL | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012–13 | Liepājas Metalurgs | BXL | 41 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| LHL totals | LHL totals | LHL totals | 54 | 22 | 34 | 56 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| BXL totals | BXL totals | BXL totals | 45 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |

### International

| Year | Team | Comp | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2012 | Latvia | WJC U18 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2013 | Latvia | WJC | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 29 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 10 |
# Norton, Powys

Norton is a village in Presteigne community, Powys, within the historic boundaries of Radnorshire, Wales. In 1086, Norton was recorded as a settlement within the hundred of Leintwardine and in the county of Shropshire in the Domesday Book.
Norton is approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Presteigne.
# Gottlob Linck

Gottlob Eduard Linck (20 February 1858, Ötisheim – 22 December 1947, Jena) was a German mineralogist.
From 1879, he studied at the polytechnic college in Stuttgart, followed by classes at the Universities of Strasbourg and Tübingen. In 1888 he was habilitated for mineralogy and petrography at Strasbourg, where in 1894, he became an associate professor. Later the same year, he was named professor of mineralogy and geology at the University of Jena, a position he maintained until his retirement in 1930. On five occasions, he served as university rector at Jena.
His wide-ranging research covered many facets of geology and mineralogy. He examined the various properties of lime, gypsum and dolomite, and investigated the adsorption of potassium by clay minerals, especially kaolin. In 1893 he demonstrated that twinning was the cause of Neumann lines found in hexahedrite. His interest in chemical problems associated with geology led to his creation of the journal Chemie der Erde.
Linck was a founding member of the German Mineralogical Society and served as editor of its journal Fortschritte der Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrographie (since 1911).

## Selected works

* Grundriss der kristallographie für studierende und zum selbstunterricht, 1908 - Outline of crystallography for students and self-study.
* Die Bildung der Kalksteine und Dolmite, 1922 - On limestone and dolomite.
* Grundriss der Mineralogie und Petrographie; eine Einführung für Studierende und zum Selbstunterricht, (with Hermann Jung), 1935 - Outline of mineralogy and petrography, an introduction for students and self-study.
With Eugen Korschelt, Max Verworn, Friedrich Oltmanns, Karl Schaum, Hermann Theodor Simon and Ernst Teichmann, he was co-author of the Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften.
# Ministry of Housing and Local Government

The Ministry of Housing and Local Government was a United Kingdom government department formed following the Second World War, covering the areas of housing and local government.
It was formed, as the Ministry of Local Government and Planning, in January 1951 when functions of the Ministry of Health, which had taken over the powers of the old Local Government Board, were merged with the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, which had been created in 1943. Its name was changed to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government by the new Conservative government following the October 1951 general election.
It was merged in 1970 with the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Building and Works to form the Department for the Environment.
The ministry was headed by the Minister of Housing and Local Government.
The name was partially revived by the May ministry on 9 January 2018, when the Department for Communities and Local Government was renamed as the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, with a similar name change applying to its Secretary of State.

## Ministers of Housing

* Hugh Dalton (1950–1951; Minister of Town and Country Planning until January 1951)
* Harold Macmillan (1951–1954)
* Duncan Sandys (1954–1957)
* Henry Brooke (1957–1961)
* Charles Hill (1961–1962)
* Keith Joseph (1962–1964)
* Richard Crossman (1964–1966)
* Anthony Greenwood (1966–1970)
* Robert Mellish (1970)
* Anthony Crosland (1969–1970 Secretary of State for Local Government and Regional Planning)
* Peter Walker (1970)
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 68

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 68 (P. Oxy. 68) concerns a dispute over a debt, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 25 June 131. Currently it is housed in the John Rylands University Library in Manchester. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The letter was addressed to a high official, probably the epistrategus, petitioning for his intervention. The name of the author is lost. He disputes the validity of a claim for payment by the author's son Sarapion against the son's maternal grandfather's estate. The measurements of the fragment are 182 by 92 mm.
# Otto Mügge

Johannes Otto Conrad Mügge (4 March 1858, Hannover – 9 June 1932, Göttingen) was a German mineralogist and crystallographer.
From 1875 to 1879 he studied mathematics and sciences at the Technical University of Hannover and at the University of Göttingen. After graduation, he spent three years as an assistant to Harry Rosenbusch at the mineralogical-geological institute of the University of Heidelberg. From 1882 he worked as curator of the mineralogical and geological department at the Natural History Museum in Hamburg, and in 1886 became an associate professor at the academy in Münster. Later on, he served as a full professor at the University of Königsberg, where in 1903/04 he was named dean to the faculty of philosophy. In 1908 he relocated as a professor to the University of Göttingen.
Mügge Island, one of the Bennett Islands off the coast of Antarctica, commemorates his name.

## Published works

He was the author of 152 scientific works; dealing with subjects such as, the translation of crystals by mechanical deformation, the regular adhesion of different types of minerals, the formation temperature of quartz and plagioclase twinning, the correlation of pleochroic haloes with radioactive radiation and the petrography of selected rock complexes in Westphalia, Hesse and the Harz. With Ernst Anton Wülfing, he published the fifth edition of Harry Rosenbusch's Mikroskopische Physiographie der Mineralien und Gesteine (1921–27). Other noted works by Mügge include:
* Krystallographische Untersuchung einiger organischen Verbindungen, 1879 – Crystallographic study of some organic compounds.
* Untersuchungen über die "Lenneporphyre" in Westfalen und den angrenzenden Gebieten, 1893 – Studies on the "Lenne porphyries" in Westphalia and adjacent areas.
* Über Translationen und verwandte Erscheinungen in Kristallen, Neues Jb. Miner. Geol. u. Palaont., J_, 71-159, 1898 – On translation and related phenomena in crystals.
* Ueber die Structur des grönländischen Inlandeises und ihre Bedeutung für die Theorie der Gletscherbewegung, 1899 – Concerning the structure of the Greenland ice sheet and its importance for the theory of glacier movement.
* Über regelmässige Verwachsungen von Bleiglanz mit Eisenkies und Kupferkies mit Kobaltglanz, Min. Petr. Mitt., Wien, 20, 1901, (349- 354) – On regular adhesions of galena with iron pyrites and chalcopyrite with cobaltite.
* Krystallographie, 1905 (with Theodor Liebisch and Arthur Moritz Schoenflies).
# I'll Be Gone

I'll Be Gone may refer to:
* "I'll Be Gone" (Linkin Park song)
* "I'll Be Gone" (Spectrum song)
* "I'll Be Gone" (Avicii song)
* "I'll Be Gone", a song by Dwight Yoakam from Guitars, Cadillacs, Etc., Etc.
* "I'll Be Gone", a song by Tom Waits from Franks Wild Years
* "I'll Be Gone", a song by Clint Black from Killin' Time
* "I'll Be Gone", a song by Sasami from Blood on the Silver Screen