OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Symphony No. 34 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 34 in D minor (Hoboken I/34) was written by Joseph Haydn. According to traditional chronology it was written in 1765, shortly before Haydn's Sturm und Drang period began in 1766, during his social withdrawal at Esterháza. However, more recent chronologies place it two years earlier, in 1763, which if correct would suggest that it is the first minor-key symphony Haydn ever wrote, though there is some uncertainty around chronology, with Symphony No. 26 being the traditional candidate (and the lowest numbered minor symphony), and Symphony No. 39 another candidate.

## Scoring

The scoring of the symphony is typical of Haydn in this period: two oboes, bassoon, two French horns, strings and continuo.

## Theatrical origins

It is possible that this symphony is the one referred to in an inscription accompanying Haydn's Symphony No. 49 (La passione) which reads: questa Sinfonia (i.e. 49) serve di Compagna a quella / del Philosopho Inglese dell' istesso autore. (This symphony serves as a companion to the "English Philosopher" by the same author.)
The English Philosopher or II filosofo inglese, was a play written in 1754 by Carlo Goldoni. It was performed at Vienna's Karntnerthortheater in December 1764 in German translation under the title Die Philosophinnen, oder Hannswurst, der Cavalier in London zu seinen Unglücke, and featured two mock-Quakers as characters. The provenance of Symphony no. 49 is likely also to have originated as a theatrical piece for a German translation of Nicolas Chamfort's popular play La jeune indienne which also featured overly solemn Quakers for comedic purposes.
This symphony is the only one that shares exactly the same movement plan as Symphony No. 49, namely an extended sonata-form opening Adagio in $^3$ $_4$ time; an Allegro di molto with a wide-leap principal theme; a Minuet and a Presto finale. The symphony is homotonal (i.e. all movements are in the same tonic), following the custom associated with the sonata di chiesa. The thematic similarity in musical style combined with the conjuncture of character portrayals in both Chamfort's and Goldoni's works suggests a deliberate use of musical themes to portray theatrical elements common to both. Further, the jig motif of the finale was associated with an English style.

## Movements

The four movements follow the what was by then archaic Sonata da chiesa pattern: slow-quick-slow (minuet)-quick.
* Adagio, $^3$ $_4$
* Allegro, $^4$ $_4$
* Menuet – Trio, $^3$ $_4$
* Presto assai, $^2$ $_4$
Only the slow first movement – which is almost as long as the other three movements combined – is in D minor, the rest of the symphony is in sunny D major. Because of this, the piece is sometimes denoted with two key signatures (i.e. D minor/D major). Since all of the movements have the same tonic, the work is homotonal.
# Life Again

"Life Again" is a song by Swedish singer Annika Wickihalder, released as a single on 14 February 2025. It was performed in Melodifestivalen 2025.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Life Again" :
| Chart (2025) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 20 |
# Anatoly Yagudaev

Anatoly Yagudaev (Russian: Анатолий Михайлович Ягудаев, romanized: Anatóliy Mikháylovich Yagudayev; born March 11, 1935 — October 10, 2014) was a Soviet /Russian sculptor of Mountain Jewish descent. He held an honorary title of People's Artist of the Russian Federation in 2002.

## Biography

The ancestors of the future sculptor were from Temir-Khan-Shura (now the city of Buynaksk, Republic of Dagestan). His father, a staunch communist, named his son Anatoly in honor of the People's Commissariat for Education, Anatoly Lunacharsky, who died in 1933.
As a child, Anatoly Yagudaev studied in the fine arts class at the Makhachkala House of Pioneers with the teacher Y. I. Lashkevich and in the art studio of the House of Folk Art under the direction of D. A. Kapanitsyn. In 1949 he began to work in the production and sculptural workshop of the famous Soviet sculptor Mikhail Anikushin - first as an apprentice, and then as a model designer.
While serving in the Soviet army, he was the champion of the Far Eastern Military District in weightlifting.
In 1963 he graduated from the sculpture department of the Saint Petersburg Art School, named after Vladimir Serov, in the same year he began to create sculptures on his own. He then returned to Makhachkala. From 1959 to 2005 he participated in 36 exhibitions of various levels held in many cities of Russia, as well as in Hungary and Bulgaria.
Anatoly Yagudaev was a member of the Artists' Union of the USSR, Honored Art Worker of Dagestan, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, laureate of the Republican Prize of Gamzat Tsadasa (Dagestan).
Yagudaev’s two works created from bronze were: "Portrait of Doctor of Philology Kamil Khanmurzaev" (1964) and "Jokesters" (1985). They were presented in the State Tretyakov Gallery and also 27 works were in the collection of Dagestan Museum of Fine Arts named after Patimat Gamzatov. Other locations to find the master's works are streets and squares decorated in the cities of Makhachkala, Buynaksk, Izberbash and Aktau, and in the villages of Dylym and Agvali. It was also used in the design of Chirkey Dam, a hydroelectric power station. The park sculpture of a girl at the corner of Maxim Gorky and Buynaksk Streets in Makhachkala has become an urban symbol of love and goodness though it disappeared in the 1990s.
In the American city of Spokane, Washington, the twin city of Makhachkala, a sculpture of Shamil, 3rd Imam of Dagestan by the sculptor has been installed.

## Awards

* Honored Art Worker of Dagestan
* People's Artist of the Russian Federation
* Laureate of the Republican Prize of Gamzat Tsadasa (Dagestan).
# Aaron Moses Taubes

Aaron Moses ben Jacob Taubes (Hebrew: אהרן משה בן יעקב טויבש; 1787–1852) was a Galician-born Romanian rabbi and writer.

## Biography

Taubes was born in Lemberg in 1787. He became rabbi of Sniatyn and its districts in 1820, and in 1841 was appointed rabbi of Iași, where he remained until his death. He died in Iași in 1852.
He corresponded on halakhic subjects with Rabbis Shlomo Kluger and Jacob Meshullam Ornstein, as well as with the latter's son.

## Works

His works are: (1) "To'afot Re'em" (תועפות ראם), responsa on the four parts of the Shulchan Aruch. Among these are some written to his son Samuel [he] and some to his grandson Shalom Taubes (Zolkiev, 1855). (2) "Ḳarne Re'em" (קרני ראם), novellæ on the Talmud, mentioned in "She'elat Shalom," No. 254. (3) Novellæ on Alfasi (according to Aaron Walden in his "Shem ha-Gedolim he-Ḥadash," Let. A, No. 129), which remained in manuscript.
# The Bay Horse, Hutton Rudby

The Bay Horse is a historic pub in Hutton Rudby, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
The pub was constructed in the 17th century, and was extended in the 19th and 20th centuries. The building was grade II listed in 1966. In 2017, the pub won the Pub Food of the Year award at the Flavours of Herriot Awards, and Liam Gallagher visited it to try a parmo. In 2019, it was put up for sale, for £770,000. In 2023, the owners submitted plans for side and rear extensions, to link the pub with some of its outbuildings.
The main part of the building is constructed of stone on a plinth, while the extension to the right rendered, and it has a pantile roof. There are two storeys, the main part has four bays, and the extension has three. The windows are mixed, and include casements, and sashes, some horizontally-sliding.
# Proliferation

Proliferation may refer to:

## Weapons

* Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, material, and technology
* Chemical weapon proliferation, the spread of chemical weapons, material, and technology
* Missile proliferation, the spread of long range heavy payload missiles
* Small arms proliferation, the spread of small weapons
* Counter-proliferation, efforts to stop weapon proliferation

## Computer science

* License proliferation, a problem caused by incompatible software licenses
* Data proliferation, the challenge of dealing with large amounts of data

## Medicine and biology

* Cell proliferation, cell growth and division
* Proliferation, a phase of wound healing
* Atypical small acinar proliferation, a concept in urologic pathology
* Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation, a skin condition
* Massive periretinal proliferation, a disease of the eye

## Music

* Proliferation (album), a 2008 album by Mike Reed's People, Places & Things

## Other uses

* Conceptual proliferation, a concept in Buddhism
* Product proliferation, an organization's marketing of many variations of the same product
# Satellite Launch Vehicle

The Satellite Launch Vehicle or SLV was a small-lift launch vehicle project started in the early 1970s by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to develop the technology needed to launch satellites. SLV was intended to reach a height of 400 kilometres (250 mi) and carry a payload of 40 kg (88 lb). The first experimental flight of SLV, in August 1979, was a failure. The first successful launch took place on 18 July 1980.
It was a four-stage rocket with all solid-propellant motors.
The first launch of the SLV took place in Sriharikota on 10 August 1979. The fourth and final launch of the SLV took place on 17 April 1983.
It took approximately seven years to realise the vehicle from start. The solid motor case for first and second stage were fabricated from 15 CDV6 steel sheets and third and fourth stages from fibre reinforced plastic. The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.

## Launch history

All four SLV launches occurred from the SLV Launch Pad at the Sriharikota High Altitude Range. The first two launches were experimental (E) and the next 2 were designated as developmental (D) as this was the first launch vehicle being developed by India not intended for a long service life.
| Flight No. | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration | Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
| E1 | 10 August 1979 | Satellite Launch Vehicle | SLV Launch Pad | Rohini Technology Payload | 35 kg | Low Earth | ISRO | Failure |
| Faulty valve caused vehicle to crash into the Bay of Bengal 317 seconds after launch. ||||||||
| E2 | 18 July 1980 | Satellite Launch Vehicle | SLV Launch Pad | Rohini RS-1 | 35 kg | Low Earth | ISRO | Success |
| It was the first satellite successfully launched by the indigenous launch vehicle SLV. It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV. ||||||||
| D1 | 31 May 1981 | Satellite Launch Vehicle | SLV Launch Pad | Rohini RS-D1 | 38 kg | Low Earth | ISRO | Partial failure |
| Orbit too low. Decayed after 9 days ||||||||
| D2 | 17 April 1983 | Satellite Launch Vehicle | SLV Launch Pad | Rohini RS-D2 | 41.5 kg | Low Earth | ISRO | Success |
| Earth Observation satellite ||||||||

## Launch statistics

* Failure
* Partial failure
* Success

### Decade-wise summary of SLV launches

| Decade | Successful | Partial success | Failure | Total |
| 1970s | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1980s | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Total | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
# Piteå IF

Piteå Idrottsförening (Swedish:), commonly known as Piteå IF, is a Swedish football club located in Piteå that currently competes in Sweden's top-division women's league, Damallsvenskan, which it won in 2018.

## History

The sports club Piteå IF was formed on 24 May 1918 but did not take up men's football until 1920 when they merged with IFK Piteå, who then dissolved. The women's team was founded in 1985. Piteå IF's women's department reached the top-tier Damallsvenskan for the first time in 2009.
In the 2018 season, they won the Swedish national title for the first time. In May 2024, they won their first Swedish Cup title. On 1 October 2024, it was presented that the coach Stellan Carlsson would leave Piteå IF after 13 seasons to join IFK Norrköping for the upcoming 2025 season. Fredrik Bernhardsson took over the role as coach after Carlsson.
The club has one of the largest football youth academies in the county of Norrbotten and is one of two clubs who arrange the large international youth soccer cup, the Piteå Summer Games.

## Players
### Current squad

    As of 8 May 2024.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SWE | Moa Öhman |
| 2 | MF | SWE | Thea Eriksson |
| 3 | DF | FRO | Ásla Johannesen |
| 4 | MF | SWE | Josefin Johansson |
| 5 | DF | SWE | Wilma Carlsson |
| 6 | MF | SWE | Olivia Holm |
| 7 | MF | SWE | Sara Eriksson |
| 8 | FW | SWE | Emma Åström |
| 9 | FW | SWE | Tuva Skoog |
| 10 | FW | NGA | Anam Imo |
| 11 | FW | SWE | Cecilia Edlund (captain) |
| 12 | FW | SWE | Saga Swedman |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 13 | GK | USA | Samantha Murphy |
| 14 | DF | NGA | Faith Michael |
| 15 | MF | SWE | Ellen Löfqvist |
| 16 | DF | SWE | Maja Green |
| 17 | MF | SWE | Selina Henriksson |
| 18 | DF | SWE | Selma Åström |
| 19 | FW | SWE | Emma Viklund |
| 20 | FW | SWE | Matilda Ekblom |
| 21 | DF | SWE | Ronja Aronsson |
| 26 | FW | SWE | Evelina Moberg |

### Former players
## Stadium

The club plays their home matches at LF Arena, better known as "Kvarnvallen" by the local population.

## Honours
### Domestic
#### League

* Damallsvenskan (Tier 1)
** Winners (1): 2018

#### Cups

* Swedish Cup (Tier 1)
** Winners (1): 2023–24
# Buhay OFW

Buhay OFW (English: life of an OFW) is a Philippine television public affairs show broadcast by AksyonTV, 5 Plus and GMA News TV. Hosted by Marissa del Mar, it aired on AksyonTV from September 10, 2011 to January 12, 2019. The show moved to 5 Plus from January 19 to March 30, 2019 and GMA News TV as World Class Kababayan from July 27 to October 19, 2019. The program also featured government and non-government organizations who are charged with taking care of the concerns of OFWs such as labor and recruitment issues.
# P. S. Supal

P. S. Supal (born 7 February 1970) is an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India. He represented Punalur constituency in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 2006. He is the son of former MLA P.K. Sreenivasan. He was elected from Punalur (State Assembly constituency) in the Kerala Legislative Assembly election 2021.

## Positions held

* Secretary, CPI Kollam district
* Assistant Secretary, CPI Kollam District Council
* Secretary, AIKS Kollam District Committee
* Member of CPI Kerala State Council,
* Member of Kerala University Senate;
* President, AIYF Kerala State Committee;
* Secretary, AIYF Kerala State Committee;
* Vice President, AIYF National Council;
* President Rehabilitation Plantation Workers Union
# The Complete Anthology

The Complete Anthology is a compilation album by Australian rock band Mondo Rock, released in October 2017 through BloodLine Records / Liberation Music. The Complete Anthology includes all the hits, plus album tracks and rarities, from their 1978 debut single "The Fugitive Kind" to 1991's "Soul Reason".
Mondo Rock will tour in support of the album in June 2018.

## Track listing

CD1
CD2

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Australian Independent Albums (AIR) | 8 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Edition(s) | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | 20 October 2017 | CD digital download | Standard | BloodLine Records / Liberation Music | LMCD0328 |
# Witch camp

Witch camps are settlements where women in Ghana who have been accused of being witches can flee for safety. Women in such camps have been accused of witchcraft for various reasons, including mental illness. Some camps are thought to have been created in the early 20th century. The Ghanaian government has enacted measures to eliminate such camps.

## Description

Women suspected of being witches sometimes flee to witch camp settlements for safety, often in order to avoid being lynched by neighbours.
Many women in such camps are widows; relatives are believed to accuse them of witchcraft in order to seize their late husbands' possessions. Many women in the witch camps also suffer from mental illness, a poorly understood phenomenon in Ghana. In one camp in Gambaga in the north, women are given protection by the local chieftain, and in return, pay him and work in his fields.
In 2015, the Anti-Witchcraft Allegations Campaign Coalition-Ghana (AWACC-Ghana) reported that the number of outcasts residing in witch camps was growing, and that food supplies there are insufficient. A 2022 report by the Humanist Global Charity noted that conditions were still very difficult with inadequate housing and infrastructure.

## Locations

In 2012 there were at least six witch camps in Ghana, housing a total of approximately 1,000 women. The camps are located in Bonyasi, Gambaga, Gnani, Kpatinga, Kukuo and Naabuli, all in Northern Ghana. Some of the camps are thought to have been created over 100 years ago.
In 2012, the Ghanaian government announced its intent to close the witch camps and educate the public that witches do not exist. In December 2014, Minister for Gender and Social Protection Nana Oye Lithur disbanded the Bonyasi camp located in Central Gonja District and re-integrated its residents into their communities. As of 2015, the Ghanaian government had shut down several witch camps.
By 2020, there were four camps in Ghana, at Gambaga, Kukuo, Gnani and Kpantiga, housing over 500 people.

## Legal changes

In July 2023, the Ghanaian Parliament passed a Bill to proscribe witchcraft accusations; this Bill criminalised the practice of accusing or labelling people as witches. This came after the 2020 murder of 90-year-old Akua Denteh in Kafaba, who had been accused of witchcraft.
However, at April 2024, the Ghanaian president had not yet given assent to the Bill.
# Maxwell's theorem

In probability theory, Maxwell's theorem (known also as Herschel-Maxwell's theorem and Herschel-Maxwell's derivation) states that if the probability distribution of a random vector in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ is unchanged by rotations, and if the components are independent, then the components are identically distributed and normally distributed.

## Equivalent statements

If the probability distribution of a vector-valued random variable X = ( X$_1$, ..., X$_n$ )$^T$ is the same as the distribution of GX for every n×n orthogonal matrix G and the components are independent, then the components X$_1$, ..., X$_n$ are normally distributed with expected value 0 and all have the same variance. This theorem is one of many characterizations of the normal distribution.
The only rotationally invariant probability distributions on R$^n$ that have independent components are multivariate normal distributions with expected value 0 and variance σ$^2$I$_n$, (where I$_n$ = the n×n identity matrix), for some positive number σ$^2$.

## History

John Herschel proved the theorem in 1850. Ten years later, James Clerk Maxwell proved the theorem in Proposition IV of his 1860 paper.

## Proof

We only need to prove the theorem for the 2-dimensional case, since we can then generalize it to n-dimensions by applying the theorem sequentially to each pair of coordinates.
Since rotating by 90 degrees preserves the joint distribution, $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ have the same probability measure: let it be $\mu$. If $\mu$ is a Dirac delta distribution at zero, then it is in particular a degenerate gaussian distribution. Let us now assume that it is not a Dirac delta distribution at zero.
By the Lebesgue's decomposition theorem, we decompose $\mu$ to a sum of regular measure and an atomic measure: $\mu =\mu _{r}+\mu _{s}$. We need to show that $\mu _{s}=0$; we proceed by contradiction. Suppose $\mu _{s}$ contains an atomic part, then there exists some $x\in \mathbb {R}$ such that $\mu _{s}(\{x\})>0$. By independence of $X_{1},X_{2}$, the conditional variable $X_{2}|\{X_{1}=x\}$ is distributed the same way as $X_{2}$. Suppose $x=0$, then since we assumed $\mu$ is not concentrated at zero, $Pr(X_{2}\neq 0)>0$, and so the double ray $\{(x_{1},x_{2}):x_{1}=0,x_{2}\neq 0\}$ has nonzero probability. Now, by rotational symmetry of $\mu \times \mu$, any rotation of the double ray also has the same nonzero probability, and since any two rotations are disjoint, their union has infinite probability; thus arriving at a contradiction.
Let $\mu$ have probability density function $\rho$; the problem reduces to solving the functional equation
$\rho (x)\rho (y)=\rho (x\cos \theta +y\sin \theta )\rho (x\sin \theta -y\cos \theta ).$
# Hummanaya

Hummanaya Blowhole is the only known blowhole in Sri Lanka and it is considered to be the second largest blowhole in the world. ‹See RfD› Hummanaya (Sinhala: හුම්මානය = හූ+මානය) refers to the noise, "hoo", that can be heard a distance away when the blowhole is active.

## Location

The Hummanaya Blowhole is located 1.1 kilometres (0.7 mi) from the small fishing village of Kudawella, which is 28 km (17 mi) from Matara, 5 km (3.1 mi) from Dikwella and 12 km (7.5 mi) from Tangalle, in the Southern Province.

## Attraction

Hummanaya is a natural blowhole and is caused when sea water rushes through a submerged cavern and is pushed upwards. The sea water flows underneath the shore and then comes out of this hole due to pressure. The water fountain created by the geological feature shoots up every couple of minutes, depending on the nature of the sea, with the spray often reaching as high as 25 m (82 ft) to 30 m (98 ft).
This site has now been developed as a tourist attraction, with a small visitors' information centre on marine life and a viewing platform.
# Khalas

Khalas are an Oriental metal band, formed in 1999. The name of the band means "enough" in Arabic.
In 2013, the band embarked on a tour across Europe along with Israeli band Orphaned Land, an event which brought coverage to the band in Western media, in outlets such as The Guardian and CNN.

## Discography

* Ma Adesh Feeha (We've Had It) (2003)
* Arabic Rock Orchestra (2013)
* The Peace Series Vol. 1 (2021) -- Split EP with Orphaned Land
# Protection (Donna Summer song)

"Protection" is a song by Donna Summer, originally featured on her 1982 self-titled album produced by Quincy Jones. Written by Bruce Springsteen, the song was released as a single in Belgium and Japan and was nominated for a Grammy Award as Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. In 1997 it was also included on One Step Up/Two Steps Back: The Songs Of Bruce Springsteen.
David Geffen approached Jon Landau, Springsteen's manager and producer, and asked if Springsteen would be interested in writing a song for Summer, who had recently signed for Geffen Records. Springsteen agreed to do so; while working with Gary U.S. Bonds, he gathered the E Street Band to record a demo. However, when Landau heard the result, "Cover Me", he persuaded Springsteen to keep that song for himself. Springsteen then wrote "Protection". He recorded a version with the E Street Band at The Hit Factory during January or February 1982 and registered it at the United States Copyright Office on March 8, 1982. In the same month Springsteen and Roy Bittan also traveled to Los Angeles to help record Summer's version of the song. Springsteen played the guitar solo and sang backing vocals. Springsteen's own version of the song was seriously considered for Born in the U.S.A., however it remains unreleased. The song peaked at No. 26 on the Spanish Los 40 chart in 1983.

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Donna Summer – lead vocals, cody
* Bruce Springsteen – guitar solo, backing vocals
* Ernie Watts – saxophones
* Steve Lukather – guitars
* David Paich – synthesizers
* Greg Phillinganes – synthesizers
* Roy Bittan – acoustic piano
* Louis Johnson – bass
* Jeff Porcaro – drums
* Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programming

### Production

* Quincy Jones – producer
* Bruce Swedien – engineer, mixing