OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elsdorf, Lower Saxony

Elsdorf (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## History

Elsdorf belonged - as to its government - to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In religious respect, however, Elsdorf formed part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden until after 1566 its incumbent bishops lost papal recognition, except of a last Catholic bishop from 1630 to 1631, respectively. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.
# Chonosuke Okamura

Chonosuke Okamura (岡村 長之助, Okamura Chōnosuke) was a Japanese amateur paleontologist. In his late 70s, he claimed to have discovered fossils from the Silurian geological period of miniature animals, ranging from dinosaurs to humans, accounting for more than 1000 allegedly extinct "mini-species", each less than 0.25mm in length. He claimed that "There have been no changes in the bodies of mankind since the Silurian period... except for a growth in stature from 3.5 mm to 1,700 mm."
In the 1970s, he visited Japan's paleontology conference several times and applied to present his findings. It was rumored that in 1978 an elderly paleontologist who walked into Okamura's lecture became so angry that he suffered from high blood pressure and died prematurely. Eventually the paleontology conference changed its rules to ban amateurs and Okamura petitioned overseas colleges, finally publishing his research himself in 1983. He was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize for his work in 1996.
# Jeninek

Jeninek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogdaniec, within Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Bogdaniec and 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
# Cape gerbil

The Cape gerbil (Gerbilliscus afra) is a species of rodent found only in South Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and temperate desert.
# MASCAC men's basketball tournament

The MASCAC men's basketball tournament is the annual conference basketball championship tournament for the NCAA Division III Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference. The tournament has been held annually since 1990. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.
As conference champion, the winner receives the MASCAC's automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship.

## Results
### Finals champion only

* Championship game results incomplete, 1990–2003
| Year | Champions |
| 1990 | North Adams State |
| 1991 | Salem State |
| 1992 | Salem State |
| 1993 | Salem State |
| 1994 | Worcester State |
| 1995 | Salem State |
| 1996 | Salem State |
| 1997 | Salem State |
| 1998 | Salem State |
| 1999 | Bridgewater State |
| 2000 | Salem State |
| 2001 | Salem State |
| 2002 | Salem State |
| 2003 | Salem State |

### Full results

| Year | Champions | Score | Runner-up |
| 2004 | Salem State | 93–81 | Bridgewater State |
| 2005 | Salem State | 87–59 | Framingham State |
| 2006 | Bridgewater State | 59–46 | Worcester State |
| 2007 | Salem State | 72–62 | Westfield State |
| 2008 | Salem State | 82–62 | Westfield State |
| 2009 | Bridgewater State | 77–66 | Salem State |
| 2010 | Bridgewater State | 74–70 (OT) | Framingham State |
| 2011 | Bridgewater State | 91–73 | Salem State |
| 2012 | Salem State | 83–71 | Bridgewater State |
| 2013 | Fitchburg State | 80–72 | MCLA |
| 2014 | Bridgewater State | 83–73 | Salem State |
| 2015 | Westfield State | 78–69 | Bridgewater State |
| 2016 | Fitchburg State | 82–78 | Salem State |
| 2017 | Salem State | 100–82 | Worcester State |
| 2018 | Bridgewater State | 77–72 | Fitchburg State |
| 2019 | Salem State | 66–57 | Westfield State |
| 2020 | Westfield State | 81–77 | Worcester State |
| 2021 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2022 | Westfield State | 80–66 | Worcester State |
| 2023 | Worcester State | 65–53 | Westfield State |
| 2024 | Worcester State | 80–79 (OT) | Bridgewater State |
| 2025 | Westfield State | 93–63 | Salem State |

## Championship records

* Results incomplete for 1990–2003
| School | Finals Record | Finals Appearances | Years |
| Salem State | 18–5 | 23 | 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2019 |
| Bridgewater State | 7–4 | 11 | 1999, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2018 |
| Westfield State | 4–4 | 8 | 2015, 2020, 2022, 2025 |
| Worcester State | 3–4 | 7 | 1994, 2023, 2024 |
| Fitchburg State | 2–1 | 3 | 2013, 2016 |
| MCLA North Adams State | 1–1 | 1 | 1990 |
| Framingham State | 0–2 | 2 | |
# Avalanche (magazine)

Avalanche was an American New York City-based arts magazine that existed for the six years between 1970 and 1976. 13 issues, all in black and white, were produced. Avalanche was co-founded and co-edited by Willoughby Sharp and Liza Béar. Their aim was to cover Postminimalism from the artist's perspective, exploring conceptual art, minimal art, performance art, and land art.

## Editorial focus

Avalanche featured interviews with artists, done by either Béar, Sharp, or both of the editors together. The magazine featured a single, often close-cropped, portrait of an artist on almost every cover. Its editorial emphasis was to document artists' work and Postminimalism art news. It avoided standard art criticism and art reviews as a matter of editorial policy. The singular intention of the magazine was to foreground conceptual artistic ideas without mediation from art critics or other writers.
Avalanche was initially designed as a square-shaped journal similar to Artforum. Its covers resembled vinyl albums.
Among the featured artists were Vito Acconci, Laurie Anderson, Bill Beckley, Joseph Beuys, Chris Burden, Daniel Buren, Hanne Darboven, Walter De Maria, Jan Dibbets, Barbara Dilley, Simone Forti, Gilbert & George, Philip Glass, Hans Haacke, Jannis Kounellis, Meredith Monk, Barry Le Va, Sol LeWitt, Richard Long, Gordon Matta-Clark, Bruce Nauman, Dennis Oppenheim, Steve Paxton, Yvonne Rainer, Klaus Rinke, Joel Shapiro, Jack Smith, Keith Sonnier, Richard Serra, Robert Smithson, George Trakas, William Wegman, Lawrence Weiner, and Jackie Winsor.
For its final five issues, Avalanche went to a tabloid format, but bankruptcy brought a halt to its run in 1976.

## Legacy

In 2010 a reprint of the first eight issues of Avalanche was created by Primary Information.
# Mancınık Castle

Mancınık Castle (Turkish: Mancınık Kale) is a Hellenistic castle ruin in Mersin Province, Turkey. Its original name is unknown.

## Geography

The castle is situated in Silifke district of Mersin Province, at 36°31′N 34°03′E﻿ / ﻿36.517°N 34.050°E﻿ / 36.517; 34.050, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) bird's flight to Mediterranean Sea. Visitors to the site follow the road from Narlıkuyu and Cennet to north . The last 500 metres (1,600 ft) of the course which detaches from the road to east is actually a rough path. The castle is situated on the clift which overviews the Şeytanderesi canyon to the east. Adamkayalar (which is historically unrelated to the castle) is situated 7 km southeast in the east wall of the canyon.

## History

The first archaeological research of the site has been carried out by Levent Zoroğlu in 1987. The walls are made of polygonal shaped stones, a characteristics of Hellenistic architecture. Also there are few inscriptions. Although these are mostly erased a few words could be read. Hellenistic origin is also confirmed by a decrypted word oikodomos.
# Tarahumara frog

The Tarahumara frog (Lithobates tarahumarae) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae found in Mexico and the southwestern United States, where it became regionally extinct in the early 1980s. Contributing factors include air pollution, chytridiomycosis and introduced species. Its natural habitats are streams and plunge pools in canyons in oak and pine-oak woodland, and foothill thorn scrub and tropical deciduous forest in the Pacific coast tropical area. Permanent water is necessary for reproduction.
In the early 2000s, wildlife managers reintroduced Tarahumara frogs to several of their historical locations in Arizona. This effort was largely unsuccessful due to the persistence of chytrid fungus in the environment, but refugium populations were established at chytrid-free sites outside their historical range (one at Kofa National Wildlife Refuge and another at the International Wildlife Museum).
The Tarahumara are a well-known indigenous tribe from the Copper Canyon of northern Mexico.
# Pandit Todarmal

Pandit Todarmal (1719–1766) was an eminent Indian Jain scholar and writer. He led the creation of terapanthi community among the Digambara Jains by rejecting the authority of bhattarakas. He wrote moksha-marga-prakashaka.
His son, Gumaniram, formed a sub-sect named Gumanapantha in 1770s and named it shuddha terapantha amana (pure terapantha tradition) by making the rules stricter.
# Thinking About Little Willie John and a Few Nice Things

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Thinking About Little Willie John and a Few Nice Things is the 21st studio album by American musician James Brown. The album was released in December 1968, by King Records, James Brown, who early in his career had opened shows for John, recorded a tribute album, Thinking About Little Willie John and a Few Nice Things, a little more than a half year since the death of Little Willie John, a prominent R&B singer from the mid-1950s to the 1960s. Only Side One of the album is cover versions of Little Willie John songs. Side Two is all instrumentals.
# Kaliszkowice

Kaliszkowice is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Skąpe, within Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Skąpe, 14 km (9 mi) south of Świebodzin, and 22 km (14 mi) north of Zielona Góra.
# French denier

The denier (/dəˈnɪər/; Latin: denarius, Italian: denaro, Greek: δηνάριο, romanized: dinario; abbr. d.) or penny was a medieval coin which takes its name from the Frankish coin first issued in the late seventh century; in English it is sometimes referred to as a silver penny. Its appearance represents the end of gold coinage, which, at the start of Frankish rule, had either been Roman (Byzantine) or "pseudo-imperial" (minted by the Franks in imitation of Byzantine coinage). Silver would be the basis for Frankish coinage from then on. The denier was minted in France, Cyprus and parts of the Italian peninsula for the whole of the Middle Ages, in states such as the patriarchate of Aquileia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Siena, Kingdom of Cyprus, and the crusader state Kingdom of Jerusalem, among others.

## History
### Coin

Around 755, amid the Carolingian Reforms, Pepin the Short introduced a new currency system which was eventually adjusted so that 12 pence (Latin: denarii; French: deniers) equaled one shilling (solidi; sols or sous) and 20 shillings equaled one pound (libra, librae, or lirae; livres). Later, three deniers equaled one liard. Only the denier was an actual coin; the rest were money of account. This system and the denier itself served as the model for many of Europe's currencies, including sterling, the Italian lira, the Spanish dinero and the Portuguese dinheiro.

### Interest rates

In Ancien Régime France, the denier was used as a notional measure of interest rates on loans. Thus, a rate of 4% (1/25) would be expressed as "denier 25"; a rate of 5% (1/20) as "denier 20"; and so forth.
# Civicus

CIVICUS is an international non-profit organisation focused on civil rights and citizen action. It was founded in 1993 and is based in Johannesburg, South Africa.

## Foundation

In 1991, an international group of 20 leaders from non governmental organisations and social movements met to explore how to support citizen participation in governmental decision-making processes. In 1993, a founding board established CIVICUS, with the name derived from the Latin term meaning "of the community".

## Description and governance

CIVICUS has described itself as "a global alliance dedicated to strengthening citizen action and civil society around the world". Its headquarters are in Johannesburg, and there are offices in Geneva and New York City. In 2014 the organisation had over 8500 members in more than 175 countries.
The organisation has approximately 70 staff members and is led by secretary general Lysa John. Previously, Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah led the organisation from January 2013 to December 2018. Former heads of the organisation also include Miklos Marschall (Hungary), Kumi Naidoo (South Africa). and Ingrid Srinath (India).
The governing body of CIVICUS is an International Board of 13 civil society leaders from 13 countries.

## Funding

CIVICUS receives institutional support from a variety of sources from organizations with similar goals, such as the Ford Foundation and Open Society Foundations. Revenue to support the operations of CIVICUS is derived from multiple sources, including institutional funders, individual contributions, membership fees, and registration fees for the CIVICUS World Assembly. Aggregated income from 2017/2018 was roughly US$9.6 million.

## Campaigns

In an open letter of 25 July 2022 addressed to the UN Secretary-General António Guterres, CIVICUS sought the UN chief's intervention to protect human rights in Nicaragua. The letter raised concerns over the continuous attacks on civil society organisations by President Daniel Ortega's regime and his Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) party. CIVICUS also urged its members to sign the letter, which was available online.
On International Women's Day, 8 March 2024, a range of organisations, including Amnesty International, International Service for Human Rights, and CIVICUS, reiterated calls for Saudi woman Nourah al-Qahtani's release from prison, as well as those of other women sentenced for similar alleged activities.
# Curimopsis

Curimopsis is a genus of pill beetles in the family Byrrhidae. There are more than 30 described species in Curimopsis.

## Species

These 38 species belong to the genus Curimopsis:
* Curimopsis albonotata (LeConte, 1861)
* Curimopsis andalusiaca (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis austriaca (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis brancomontis Pütz, 2002
* Curimopsis brevicollis Casey
* Curimopsis canariensis (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis capitata (Wollaston, 1854)
* Curimopsis carniolica (Ganglbauer, 1902)
* Curimopsis cyclolepidia (Münster, 1902)
* Curimopsis echinata (LeConte, 1850)
* Curimopsis ehimensis Kitano & Sakai, 2006
* Curimopsis franzi Paulus, 1973
* Curimopsis ganglbaueri (Plavilshikov, 1924)
* Curimopsis granulosa (Wollaston, 1865)
* Curimopsis horrida (Wollaston, 1854)
* Curimopsis incisa (Obenberger, 1917)
* Curimopsis integra (Wollaston, 1864)
* Curimopsis italica (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis jordai (Reitter, 1910)
* Curimopsis madeirensis Pütz, 2002
* Curimopsis maritima (Marsham, 1802)
* Curimopsis monticola (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis moosilauke Johnson, 1986
* Curimopsis nigrita (Palm, 1934)
* Curimopsis ovuliformis (Wollaston, 1854)
* Curimopsis paleata (Erichson, 1846)
* Curimopsis palmi (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis provencalis (Franz, 1967)
* Curimopsis senicis Pütz, 2002
* Curimopsis setigera (Illiger, 1798)
* Curimopsis setulosa (Mannerheim, 1852)
* Curimopsis strigosa (Melsheimer, 1844)
* Curimopsis syriaca (Baudi, 1870)
* Curimopsis tenerifensis (Palm, 1976)
* Curimopsis tsurugisana Kitano, Pütz & Sakai, 2008
* Curimopsis vicentina Paulus, 1973
* Curimopsis wollastoni Pütz, 2002
* † Syncalypta albonotata (Le Conte, 1850)
# Volturno

The Volturno (ancient Latin name Volturnus, from volvere, to roll) is a river in south-central Italy.

## Geography

It rises in the Abruzzese central Apennines of Samnium near Castel San Vincenzo (province of Isernia, Molise) and flows southeast as far as its junction with the Calore Irpino near Caiazzo and runs south as far as Venafro, and then turns southwest, past Capua, to enter the Tyrrhenian Sea in Castel Volturno, northwest of Naples. The river is 175 kilometres (109 mi) long.
After a course of some 120 kilometres (75 mi) it receives, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Caiazzo, the Calore River. The united stream now flows west-southwest past Capua, where the Via Appia and Latina joined just to the north of the bridge over it, and so through the Campanian plain, with many windings, into the sea. The direct length of the lower course is about 50 kilometres (31 mi), so that the whole is slightly longer than that of the Liri-Garigliano, and its basin far larger.
Its main tributaries are San Bartolomeo, Lete, Torano, Rivo Tella, Titerno, Calore Irpino and Isclero.

## History

The river has always had a considerable military importance, and the colony of Volturnum (no doubt preceded by an older, possibly even Etruscan, port of Capua) was founded in 194 BC at its mouth on the south bank by the Romans; it is now about one mile inland. A fort had already been placed there during the Roman siege of Capua to serve, with Puteoli, for the provisioning of the army. Augustus placed a colony of veterans here. The Via Domitiana from Sinuessa to Puteoli crossed the river at this point, and some remains of the bridge are visible. The river was navigable as far as Capua.
In 554, the Byzantine general Narses defeated a Frankish-Alamannic army near this river, during the Gothic War.
Following the invasion of southern Italy by revolutionary forces led by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, Francis II of the Two Sicilies fled from Naples and took up a defensive position on the south bank of the Volturno, near S. Maria di Capua Vetere. The Piedmontese troops and those of Garibaldi inflicted on the Neapolitan forces at the battle of the Volturno, on 1 and 2 October, a defeat which led to the fall of Capua.
The Volturno also gave its name to the Volturno Line, a German defensive position in Italy during World War II.
# Behind Beyond

Behind Beyond is the eighth studio album by northern California rock band The Mother Hips and was released on July 9, 2013.
On May 14, 2013, a new song, "Freed From a Prison" was made available for streaming on SoundCloud. On May 21, 2013, a teaser trailer for, "Behind Beyond" was released via YouTube showing the band recording the song, "Shape the Bell" in the studio. On May 29, 2013, the band announced the track listing for the record via their official Facebook page.

## Background

The recordings began in January 2011. Basic tracks had just begun when bassist Paul Hoaglin was fired from the band in February; however, Hoaglin was asked to complete the recording of the album, including a final series of backing tracks sessions recorded in August of that year. Hoaglin also contributed additional overdubs from home, including acoustic guitar, pedal steel, flute, clarinet, and backing vocals. Renowned virtuoso bassist Scott Thunes replaced Hoaglin in the band beginning in March 2011. Work on vocal tracks for, "Broken Open", "The Isle Not of Man" and "Best Friend in Town" commenced in July 2011. Producer, David Simon-Baker stated in August 2011 that he was working with the Mother Hips on their follow up record to Pacific Dust. In March 2012, it was confirmed that the mixing process would soon be taking place. In May 2013, the band issued a press release via Propeller Publicity confirming the record's name and release date.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tim Bluhm, Greg Loiacono & The Mother Hips
# Barry Knight (cricketer)

Barry Rolfe Knight (born 18 February 1938) is a former English cricketer, who played in twenty nine Tests for England from 1961 to 1969.
Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman remarked, "a flamboyant cricketer... [Knight] was an elegant middle-order batsman and a bowler with a sharp turn of speed who never appeared to run out of energy".

## Life and career

Born 18 February 1938, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Knight was a fast bowling all-rounder, doing the cricketer's double (1,000 runs and 100 wickets in a season) four times, including the fastest in modern times, (two and a half months). He won the World Single Wicket Title at Lord's in 1964.
Knight made his county cricket debut with Essex in May 1955, leaving them at the end of the 1966 season for financial reasons to join Leicestershire. He emigrated to Australia at the end of the 1969 season, ending his career whilst still an England cricketer. He took 100 wickets in four seasons, and scored a thousand runs five times. He accomplished the double in each season from 1962 to 1965. In 1959, he missed the honour by a mere five runs. He made his highest first-class score, 165, against Middlesex at Brentwood in 1962.
His longest run at Test match level was the first six Tests he played in India and Pakistan in 1961–62. He was recalled nine times in a stop-start type of international career, but toured Australia twice in the 1962–63 and 1965-66 Ashes series, where he was a support bowler and lower order batsman. His 240 run, sixth wicket partnership, with Peter Parfitt against New Zealand in 1963, stood for almost forty years, until Graham Thorpe and Andrew Flintoff put the same opposition to the sword, with their partnership of 281 in Christchurch in March 2002.
He was the first professional coach in Australia, starting in 1970 at an indoor facility in Sydney called Knights Inn and also was a very early user of video to record students batting and bowling. He was also the first coach to use video analysis, which led to his coaching over the past forty years of over twenty Test players, including Allan Border, Steve and Mark Waugh, Brett and Shane Lee, Adam Gilchrist, John Dyson, Andrew Hilditch and many New South Wales players and is coaching some upcoming players. He has coached over 20,000 young cricketers since 1970, and is still involved in school holiday programmes, and with Mosman Cricket Club in Sydney. He holds an ACB level 3 coaching certificate, and also a Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) coaching certificate.