# A Separation

A Separation (Persian: جدایی نادر از سیمین, romanized: Jodāi-e Nāder az Simin; lit. 'The Separation of Nader from Simin'; also titled Nader and Simin, A Separation) is a 2011 Iranian drama film written and directed by Asghar Farhadi, starring Leila Hatami, Peyman Moaadi, Shahab Hosseini, Sareh Bayat, and Sarina Farhadi. It focuses on an Iranian middle-class couple who separate, the disappointment and desperation suffered by their daughter due to the egotistical disputes and separation of her parents, and the conflicts that arise when the husband hires a lower-class caregiver for his elderly father, who suffers from Alzheimer's disease.
A Separation won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2012, becoming the first Iranian film to win the award. It received the Golden Bear for Best Film and the Silver Bears for Best Actress and Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival, becoming the first Iranian film to win the Golden Bear. It also won the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film and the Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, making it the first non-English film in five years to achieve this.

## Plot

Nader, Simin, and their 10-year-old daughter, Termeh, are an upper-middle-class family living in a flat in Tehran. Simin wants the whole family to leave Iran and has prepared the visas, but Nader wishes to stay to care for his father, who lives with them, and has Alzheimer's disease. Simin therefore files for divorce, but the family court considers the grounds to be insufficient and rejects the application. Simin moves back to her parents’ home and Termeh stays with her father.
Nader hires Razieh, a deeply religious woman from a poor and distant suburb, to take care of his father during the day. She comes each day with her young daughter, Somayeh. She soon finds that she cannot cope, in particular because the old man has become incontinent. One day, when Razieh and Somayeh are busy, he slips out and wanders in the street. Razieh hastens out and dodges through the traffic to get to him.
The next day, Nader and Termeh come home early and discover the old man lying unconscious on the floor in his bedroom, tied to the bed. Razieh and Somayeh are out. When they return, Razieh says she had some urgent personal business; Nader accuses her of neglecting his father and stealing some money (which Simin had in fact used to pay some movers). When Razieh refuses to leave until he pays her, he pushes her out of the flat. She apparently falls down some steps. Nader and Simin later learn that Razieh has suffered a miscarriage.
If Nader knew of Razieh's pregnancy and caused the miscarriage, he could be guilty of murder. There is now a series of claims and counter-claims before a criminal judge: on one side, Nader, with Simin and Termeh; on the other, Razieh and her husband, Hodjat. He is a hot-tempered man, embittered and humiliated by the loss of his long-time job as a cobbler, and harassed by creditors. More than once, he attempts to assault Nader.
Razieh says that Nader knew of her pregnancy because he heard a conversation in the flat between her and Termeh's tutor, in which the tutor recommended a doctor to her. Nader denies this, and the tutor gives evidence in his support. Termeh finds reasons to believe this is not true, and Nader at last admits to her that he has lied for her sake and his father's: he cannot go to prison. The tutor withdraws her evidence. To protect her father, Termeh tells the judge that her father did not know of the pregnancy until she told him.
Nader claims that when he pushed Razieh out of the flat, she could not have fallen down the steps, but would have been protected by the railing. Razieh confesses to Simin that when she went out to bring back the old man, she was hit by a car and was in pain that night; this was the day before Nader pushed her, and she had gone out that day to see a doctor.
Hodjat is violent, and Simin fears for Termeh's safety. Simin persuades Nader to make a payment to Hodjat, but Nader first asks Razieh to swear on the Qur'an that he is the cause of her miscarriage. She cannot do so. Hodjat cannot force her, and begins hitting himself in a rage.
Later, at the family court, Nader and Simin are granted a divorce. As the film ends, they wait separately outside the court while Termeh tells the judge which parent she chooses to live with.

## Cast

* Leila Hatami as Simin, a teacher and mother in Tehran
* Peyman Moaadi as Nader, Simin's husband of 14 years
* Sarina Farhadi as Termeh, Simin and Nader's teenaged daughter
* Sareh Bayat as Razieh, devout wife and mother employed as a caregiver for Nader's father
* Shahab Hosseini as Hodjat, Razieh's troubled and unemployed husband
* Kimia Hosseini as Somayeh, Razieh and Hodjat's young daughter
* Merila Zarei as Mrs Ghahraei, Termeh's teacher
* Babak Karimi as Judge
* Shirin Yazdanbakhsh as Simin's mother and Nader's mother-in-law
* Ali-Asghar Shahbazi as Nader's elderly father, suffering from severe Alzheimer's

## Production

The concept came from a number of personal experiences and abstract pictures which had been in Asghar Farhadi's mind for some time. Once he decided to make the film, about a year before it premiered, it was quickly written and financed. Farhadi described the film as the "logical development" from his previous film, About Elly. Like Farhadi's last three films, A Separation was made without any government support. The financing went without trouble much thanks to the success of About Elly. The production was granted US$25,000 in support from the Motion Picture Association's APSA Academy Film Fund.
In September 2010, Farhadi was banned from making the film by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, because of an acceptance speech held during an award ceremony where he expressed support for several Iranian film personalities. Notably he had wished to see the return to Iranian cinema of Mohsen Makhmalbaf, an exiled filmmaker and Iranian opposition profile, and of the imprisoned political filmmaker Jafar Panahi, both of whom had been connected to the Iranian Green Movement. The ban was lifted in the beginning of October after Farhadi claimed to have been misperceived and apologized for his remarks.

## Release

The film premiered on 9 February 2011 at the 29th Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran. Six days later it played in Competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. Farhadi had previously competed at the festival's 2009 edition with About Elly, for which he had received the Silver Bear for Best Director. A Separation was distributed in Iran through Filmiran. Distribution rights for the United Kingdom were acquired by Artificial Eye.

### Box office

As of 17 April 2014, A Separation has grossed worldwide over $24 million on an estimated budget of just $800,000, making it a box-office success.

### Critical reception

The film has been met with universal acclaim from film critics. It currently holds a 99% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 176 reviews with an average rating of 8.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Morally complex, suspenseful, and consistently involving, A Separation captures the messiness of a dissolving relationship with keen insight and searing intensity", as well as a score of 95 on Metacritic based on 41 reviews, making it the best-reviewed film of 2011.
Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter wrote from the Berlinale:
   Just when it seemed impossible for Iranian filmmakers to express themselves meaningfully outside the bounds of censorship, Asghar Farhadi's Nader and Simin, A Separation comes along to prove the contrary. Apparently simple on a narrative level yet morally, psychologically and socially complex, it succeeds in bringing Iranian society into focus for in a way few other films have done.
Young noted how Farhadi portrayed Iran's social and religious divisions, and complimented the film's craft:
   As in all the director's work, the cast is given top consideration and their realistic acting results in unusual depth of characterization. All five main actors stand out sharply in Mahmood Kalari's intimate cinematography. Though the film lasts over two hours, Hayedeh Safiyari's fast-moving editing keeps the action tensely involving from start to finish.
In a strongly positive review from Screen Daily, Lee Marshall wrote:
   Showing a control of investigative pacing that recalls classic Hitchcock and a feel for ethical nuance that is all his own, Farhadi has hit upon a story that is not only about men and women, children and parents, justice and religion in today's Iran, but that raises complex and globally relevant questions of responsibility, of the subjectivity and contingency of "telling the truth", and of how thin the line can be between inflexibility and pride – especially of the male variety – and selfishness and tyranny.
Alissa Simon from Variety called it Farhadi's strongest work yet and described it:
   Tense and narratively complex, formally dense and morally challenging... The provocative plot casts a revealing light on contempo Iranian society, taking on issues of gender, class, justice and honor as a secular middle-class family in the midst of upheaval winds up in conflict with an impoverished religious one.
David Thomson for The New Republic wrote:
   You cannot watch the film without feeling kinship with the characters and admitting their decency as well as their mistakes. The American films made this year that deal with the internal detail and difficulty of family life – like The Descendants — are airy, pretty and affluent compared with A Separation. With the best will in the world, George Clooney cannot discard his aura of stardom, yet the actors in the Iranian film seem caught in their characters' traps.
The film won the Fajr Film Festival's Crystal Simorghs for Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematographer and Best Sound Recorder. It also received the Audience Favourite Film award. It won the top award, the Golden Bear for Best Film, at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. The actress ensemble received the Silver Bear for Best Actress, and the actor ensemble the Silver Bear for Best Actor. In addition it received the Competition Prize of the Ecumenical Jury and the Berliner Morgenpost Readers' Prize. Isabella Rossellini, the Jury president of the Berlin International Film Festival, said that the choice of Farhadi's film for the Golden Bear was "pretty unanimous". Farhadi commented that he never would have thought he would win the Golden Bear, and that the film's victory offered "a very good opportunity to think of the people of my country, the country I grew up in, the country where I learned my stories – a great people". Ahmad Miralaii, the director of Iran's Farabi Cinematic Foundation, said that "Iranian cinema is proud of the awards", as he welcomed Farhadi at the airport upon the director's return from Berlin.
A Separation was voted the second best film of 2011 in the annual Sight & Sound critic poll, as well as in the LA Weekly Film Poll 2011. The film was also voted No. 3 in the annual indieWire critic survey for 2011, No. 4 in the 2011 poll by Film Comment, and was ranked No. 5 on Paste magazine's 50 Best Movies of 2011. Roger Ebert ranked the film No. 1 on his The Best Films of 2011 list and wrote: "A Separation will become one of those enduring masterpieces watched decades from now". In 2024, Looper ranked it number 7 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time," writing "While you can't go wrong with any Farhadi movie, A Separation is an especially strong and thoughtful achievement from this artist."
Iranian critic Massoud Farasati, whose views are close to those of the Islamic regime, said "The image of our society that A Separation depicts is the dirty picture westerners are wishing for".

### Industry reaction

Steven Spielberg stated he believed the film to be the best of that year by a wide margin. Other admirers of the film included Woody Allen who called Farhadi to congratulate him on the film. David Fincher, Meryl Streep, Brad Pitt, and Angelina Jolie spoke to Farhadi during the awards season each offering their praise for him and the film.

### Top ten lists

The film has appeared on numerous critics' top ten lists for 2011, some notable of which are the following:
Sight & Sound magazine included the film in its list of "30 great films of the 2000s". A Separation was later named the ninth-greatest film of the 21st century in a 2016 BBC critics' poll. In 2018 the film was ranked 21st in the BBC's list of The 100 greatest foreign language films of all time. In 2019, The Guardian ranked the film 36th in its 100 best films of the 21st century list. In 2022 Sight and Sound ranked the film 72th in its Directors' 100 Greatest Films of All Time list

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| Academy Awards | 26 February 2012 | Best Original Screenplay | Asghar Farhadi | Nominated |
| Academy Awards | 26 February 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Asia Pacific Screen Awards | 24 November 2011 | Best Feature Film | A Separation | Won |
| Asia Pacific Screen Awards | 24 November 2011 | Achievement in Directing | Asghar Farhadi | Nominated |
| Asia Pacific Screen Awards | 24 November 2011 | Best Performance by an Actor | Peyman Moaadi | Nominated |
| Asia Pacific Screen Awards | 24 November 2011 | Best Screenplay | Asghar Farhadi | Nominated |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Best Film | A Separation | Won |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Best Director | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Best Actress | Leila Hatami | Nominated |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Favorite Actress | Leila Hatami | Nominated |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Best Screenwriter | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Asian Film Awards | 19 March 2012 | Best Editor | Hayedeh Safiyari | Won |
| BBC Four World Cinema Awards | 20 November 2011 | BBC Four World Cinema Award | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 20 February 2011 | Golden Bear | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 20 February 2011 | Best Actress | Leila Hatami, Sareh Bayat, Sarina Farhadi and Kimia Hosseini | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 20 February 2011 | Best Actor | Peyman Moaadi, Shahab Hosseini, Ali-Asghar Shahbazi and Babak Karimi | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 20 February 2011 | Prize of the Ecumenical Jury | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Bodil Awards | 3 March 2012 | Best Non-American Film | A Separation | Won |
| Boston Society of Film Critics | 11 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Runner-up |
| British Academy Film Awards | 12 February 2012 | Best Film Not in the English Language | A Separation | Nominated |
| British Independent Film Awards | 4 December 2011 | Best Foreign Film | A Separation | Won |
| Broadcast Film Critics Association | 12 January 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Camerimage | 5 December 2011 | Silver Frog | Mahmoud Kalari | Won |
| Chicago Film Critics Association | 19 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| César Awards | 24 February 2012 | Best Foreign Film | A Separation | Won |
| Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association | 16 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| David di Donatello Awards | 4 May 2012 | Best Foreign Film | A Separation | Won |
| Durban International Film Festival | 29 July 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Audience Award – Best Film | A Separation | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Crystal Simorgh Award – Best Director | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Crystal Simorgh Award – Best Cinematography | Mahmoud Kalari | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Crystal Simorgh Award – Best Screenplay | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Crystal Simorgh Award – Best Sound Recording | Mahmoud Samakbashi | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Diploma of Honor – Best Actor in a Supporting Role | Shahab Hosseini | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | 19 February 2011 | Diploma of Honor – Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Sareh Bayat | Won |
| Golden Globe Awards | 13 January 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Guldbagge Awards | 23 January 2012 | Best Foreign Film | A Separation | Won |
| Independent Spirit Awards | 25 February 2012 | Best Foreign Film | A Separation | Won |
| International Film Festival of India | 3 December 2011 | Best Director | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| London Film Critics' Circle | 19 January 2012 | Foreign Language Film of the Year | A Separation | Won |
| London Film Critics' Circle | 19 January 2012 | Film of the Year | A Separation | Nominated |
| London Film Critics' Circle | 19 January 2012 | Director of the Year | Asghar Farhadi | Nominated |
| London Film Critics' Circle | 19 January 2012 | Screenwriter of the Year | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| London Film Critics' Circle | 19 January 2012 | Supporting Actress of the Year | Sareh Bayat | Won |
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association | 11 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Runner-up |
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association | 11 December 2011 | Best Screenplay | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Melbourne International Film Festival | 24 August 2011 | Most Popular Feature Film | A Separation | Won |
| National Board of Review | 1 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| National Society of Film Critics | 7 January 2012 | Best Film | A Separation | 3rd Place |
| National Society of Film Critics | 7 January 2012 | Best Screenplay | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| National Society of Film Critics | 7 January 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| New York Film Critics Circle | 29 November 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Online Film Critics Society | 2 January 2012 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Won |
| Palm Springs International Film Festival | 15 January 2012 | FIPRESCI award for best actress | Leila Hatami, Sareh Bayat and Sarina Farhadi | Won |
| Satellite Awards | 18 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Nominated |
| Sydney Film Festival | 20 June 2011 | Best Film | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Toronto Film Critics Association | 14 December 2011 | Best Foreign Language Film | A Separation | Runner-up |
| Toronto International Film Festival | 18 September 2011 | People's Choice Award | Asghar Farhadi | Runner-up |
| Vancouver International Film Festival | 16 October 2011 | Roger's People's Choice Award | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
| Yerevan International Film Festival | 18 July 2011 | Grand Prix – Golden Apricot for Best Feature Film | Asghar Farhadi | Won |
Each date is linked to the article about the awards held that year wherever possible.