OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ahmed Baba Institute

The Ahmed Baba Institute, officially the Ahmed Baba Institute of Higher Learning and Islamic Research, is a library and research centre in Timbuktu. The centre was founded in 1973, with financing primarily from Kuwait. It was named after 17th-century Timbuktu scholar Ahmad Baba al Massufi.

## Building

The current building was designed by a South-African architect and finished in 2009, costing around 5.8 million euros. It has an area of 4,600 sq metres and includes an air conditioning system for the proper preservation of the manuscripts housed in it, as well as an automatic fire-fighting system. It replaced a 40-year-old crumbling building.

## Manuscripts

The centre holds approximately 20,000 manuscripts covering Mali's history, including the Tarikh al-Sudan. The majority of the manuscripts are from the 14th to 16th centuries, and most are written in Arabic but others are in local languages, such as Songhai, Tamashek and Bamanankan, or even in more distant ones, one each in Turkish and Hebrew, with topics covering medicine, astronomy, poetry, literature and Islamic law.
A program to digitize the manuscripts is under way, run by Norway and Luxembourg under UNESCO supervision, with only a fraction of them having been scanned as of January 2013.
Among the manuscripts is "Reminder to those who do not pay attention to the harms caused by the divergence between believers" (Tadkirat al gāfilin ‘anqubhihtilāf al- mu’minin), a 19th century acrostic poem which discusses how peace could be attained between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Borno Empire. In 2017, this was added by UNESCO to its Memory of the World international register, recognising it as having global importance.

## Arson

On January 28, 2013, as French-led Malian troops captured the airport of Timbuktu, fleeing Tuareg Islamists set fire to the building which they had been using as sleeping quarters. Before and during the occupation, more than 300,000 Timbuktu Manuscripts from the Institute and from private libraries were saved and moved to more secure locations. In July 2014 UNESCO joined the Ahmed Baba Institute in an urgent appeal for financial assistance to preserve, restore, and digitize the manuscripts.
# Tsunemi Kubodera

Tsunemi Kubodera (窪寺 恒己, Kubodera Tsunemi, born 1951 in Nakano, Tokyo) is a Japanese zoologist with the National Museum of Nature and Science. On September 30, 2004, Kubodera and his team became the first people to photograph a live giant squid in its natural habitat. Two years later, on December 4, 2006, he also managed to successfully film a live adult giant squid for the first time ever. On July 10, 2012, Kubodera, together with Steve O'Shea and Edith Widder, became the first to film a live giant squid in its natural habitat from a submersible off the Bonin Islands.
In addition to these firsts involving the giant squid, in 2005, Kubodera also became the first to film the Dana octopus squid (Taningia danae) in its natural habitat.

## Finding the giant squid

With his partner Kyoichi Mori of the Ogasawara Whale Watching Association, Kubodera captured photos of the elusive giant squid with his special cameras, after three years of attempts. Relying on the paths of sperm whales, the pair found suitable location to deploy their equipment. The cameras, which were able to store 600 photos, were programmed to flash and take a picture every 30 seconds. Tsunemi's hope was that one of these pictures would contain a photograph of the giant squid. The camera was mounted on a line that used two hooks. To this line Kubodera attached two cuttlefish as bait. The line was then lowered to 900 metres (3,000 ft). A giant squid came by, took the bait, and got caught on one of the hook traps. The squid spent 4 hours and 13 minutes trying to get free before severing one of its tentacles and fleeing. The tentacle was still moving when the camera was hauled up.
The resulting photographs have helped scientists dramatically improve their understanding of giant squid behavior. For example, the squid showed a more aggressive hunting style than scientists had expected.

## In media

Kubodera had a segment on the Discovery Channel's special program about the giant squid.
# Hinemaiaia Stream

The Hinemaiaia Stream is a river of the central North Island of New Zealand. It flows northwest from Kaimanawa Forest Park, flowing into the eastern shore of Lake Taupō at Hatepe, halfway between Taupō and Tūrangi. It is a popular fly fishing stream, with good numbers of Rainbow trout spawning in the winter months of June through to September.
# Keys Handover Memorial

The Keys Handover Memorial (English: Место предаје кључева 1867. године, English: Place where keys were handed over in 1867) in Belgrade, Serbia, marks the spot where on 6 April 1867, the town keys of the several Serbian fortresses were given to Prince Mihailo Obrenović by the Ottoman Turks. That moment was an important step towards Serbian international recognition at the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.
The memorial was declared a Protected Historic Landmark in 1991, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia.

## History

The Keys Handover Memorial marks the place on Kalemegdan where a ceremonial, symbolic, handing over the keys of Belgrade, Smederevo, Šabac and Kladovo fortresses was made represent a material evidence which indirectly expresses the importance of the event in Serbian history. The symbolic handing over the keys to these cities, on the right side of the main entrance to Kalemegdan, followed by the after Prince Mihailo Obrenović received in Constantinople, on 30 March 1867 The decree of the Turkish Sultan Abdülaziz of the first, which the prince of the Serbian people and cities submitted for care and management. Return of the cities, although other Serbian vassal obligation stayed, such as paying tribute to the Sublime Porte and holding Turkish flags, meant overcoming yet another obstacle in obtaining complete independence; thus began a new phase in the life of the Serbs.

## Memorial

For the centennial of the event, a memorial was created in order to mark the spot for the future generations. A white marble block, created by Mihailo Paonović, was put in place in 1967, with a carved drawing by A. Srefanović. A celebration accompanied the occasion.
# Five-year survival rate

The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate.
There are absolute and relative survival rates, but the latter are more useful and commonly used.

## Relative and absolute rates

Five-year relative survival rates are more commonly cited in cancer statistics. Five-year absolute survival rates may sometimes also be cited.
* Five-year absolute survival rates describe the percentage of patients alive five years after the disease is diagnosed.
* Five-year relative survival rates describe the percentage of patients with a disease alive five years after the disease is diagnosed, divided by the percentage of the general population of corresponding sex and age alive after five years. Typically, cancer five-year relative survival rates are well below 100%, reflecting excess mortality among cancer patients compared to the general population. In contrast to five-year absolute survival rates, five-year relative survival rates may also equal or even exceed 100% if cancer patients have the same or even higher survival rates than the general population. The pattern may occur if cancer patients can generally be cured, or patients diagnosed with cancer have greater socioeconomic wealth or access to medical care than the general population.
    The fact that relative survival rates above 100% were estimated for some groups of patients appears counterintuitive on first view. It is unlikely that occurrence of prostate cancer would increase chances of survival, compared to the general population. A more plausible explanation is that the pattern reflects a selection effect of PSA screening, as screening tests tend to be used less often by socially disadvantaged population groups, who, in general, also have higher mortality.

## Uses

Five-year survival rates can be used to compare the effectiveness of treatments. Use of five-year survival statistics is more useful in aggressive diseases that have a shorter life expectancy following diagnosis, such as lung cancer, and less useful in cases with a long life expectancy, such as prostate cancer.
Improvements in rates are sometimes attributed to improvements in diagnosis rather than to improvements in prognosis.
To compare treatments independently from diagnostics, it may be better to consider survival from reaching a certain stage of the disease or its treatment.
Analysis performed against the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) facilitates calculation of five-year survival rates.
# Ministry of Public Works (Zimbabwe)

The Ministry of Public Works is a government ministry, responsible for public works in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Theresa Makoni and the deputy minister is Guy Georgias.
# Bubble dance

The bubble dance is an erotic dance made famous by Sally Rand in the 1930s. The dancer, often being fully naked, dances with a huge bubble shaped like a balloon or ball placed between her body and the audience to make poses.

## In popular culture

In Tex Avery's cartoon Hollywood Steps Out (1941) which depicted various Hollywood celebrities, a rotoscoped Rand performs her famous bubble dance onstage to an appreciative crowd. A grinning Peter Lorre caricature in the front row comments, "I haven't seen such a beautiful bubble since I was a child." The routine continues until the bubble is suddenly popped by Harpo Marx with his slingshot, with a surprised Rand (her nudity covered by a well-placed wooden barrel) reacting with shock. Rand is referred to as "Sally Strand" here.
Sally Rand's bubble dance is featured in a short clip in the film Sunset Murder Case (1938).
# Jivaraj Papriwal

Jivaraja Paprival was the installer of as many as 100,000 Jain images in the 15th century, now found in Jain temples all over India. He was a trader in the town of Modasa believed to be in Gujarat. He was probably born in Surat, Gujarat.
India was overrun during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by Turkish invaders. The two centuries following were a period of great devastation in North India. Temples were demolished and idols were defaced. These temple images had marked the tradition and identity of the Jain congregations, but few were left.
Paprival resolved that regardless of cost, and the fierce political climate he would find a way to install as many images of Lord Jina as may be needed by Jain communities residing in towns and villages situated anywhere in India. He commissioned teams of workers to cut slabs of marble from quarries and employed armies of craftsmen to carve the images.
   संवत १५४८ वर्षे वैशाख सुदी ३ श्री मूलसंघे श्री जिनचन्द्रदेव साह जीवराज पपडीवाल नित्यं प्रणमंति सहर मुडासा राजा स्योसिंघ
In 1491, Bhattaraka Jinachandra Deva of Mula Sangh supervised a grand pratishtha or consecration of as many as 100,000 images.
Jivaraja, with an enormous train of carts, then embarked on a pilgrimage to nearly all the Jain Tirthas of India. Braving the possibility of hostile confrontations with the invaders, wherever shravakas along the way lacked an idol he installed images.
Today the images can be seen in Punjab, Haryana, Bengal, Bihar, Bundelkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, installed by Jivaraja in temples of the Digambar and Śvetāmbara sects. Each statue is one to two feet high, composed mostly of white marble but with a few blue, black and green hues, and inscribed with a text mentioning Jivaraja Papdival.
One image was discovered during excavation in the Multan fort, which had a Jain population before the partition. It was placed in a local temple. After the Partition of India it was left behind with a handful of Jains remaining. One of the persons saw in a dream that the image needs to be moved. Just as the image was being moved, the neighborhood was overtaken. It is now in Jaipur. Several images were found at Sammet Shikhar during an excavation in 2000.
Today, in thousands of Jain communities all over India, the shravakas once again possess symbols of the faith thanks to Jivaraja's audacity and vision. Since then, the Indian state of Rajasthan has been the major carving center for Jain idols.
# Maxine Lapiduss

Maxine Lapiduss is an American comedian, singer, television writer, director, producer, entrepreneur, and branding strategist. She is a graduate of Taylor Allderdice High School and the Carnegie Mellon University School of Drama, both in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she was born and raised.
Lapiduss wrote and produced comedy series including Dharma & Greg, Ellen, Roseanne, Home Improvement and more.

## Storyverse Studios

Lapiduss is the co-founder and CEO of Storyverse Studios, an entertainment company founded in Los Angeles in 2014. Storyverse develops and produces story-driven properties within a multi-platform universe of entertainment. Their first property, Find Me I'm Yours, launched on November 3, 2014, and begins as a media rich ebook, written and designed by writer/artist/web innovator, Hillary Carlip, and published by Rosetta Books.

## Television writer/producer/director

Lapiduss wrote and produced the last season of Ellen (three Emmy nominations), Roseanne, (Emmy nomination as Best Comedy Series and a Golden Globe award), Home Improvement (People's Choice Awards for Best Comedy Series), Dharma & Greg, and Situation: Comedy, a Bravo reality series Lapiduss starred in and produced with Sean Hayes (Will and Grace) about how to make a sitcom. She has directed the Disney Channel show, Jessie.
Lapiduss spent four months managing relationships and production on 40 episodes of the Russian adaptation of The King of Queens in Moscow. She also acted as Studio Executive and show runner for the pilots and post production of Sony International TV's adaptations of The Cosby Show and Rules of Engagement for CTC Media.
Lapiduss also co-founded non-profit Steeltown Entertainment Project, a teaching organization and production company whose mission is to bring film and TV production jobs back to Pittsburgh.

## Creative strategist

Lapiduss has a consulting company, Lapiduss Creative. Lapiduss ran an online digital networks, Voxxy (1999-2001). Lapiduss raised financing, and contracted talent for Voxxy involvement. Lapiduss recruited show runners and producers to create content, and developed branded "advertainment" for entertainment companies, record labels, and businesses. Voxxy won the 2000 Bandie Broadband Award for innovation in the category "Newest New Thing."

## Performer

Lapiduss has written, starred in, and produced several one-woman variety shows including "Mackie's Back in Town", and has been honored with a nomination for Best Cabaret Artist (Female) 2011, by Broadway World Los Angeles.
Her video "Scared About Life Without Oprah" included a cameo by Glee's Jane Lynch and was featured in The Huffington Post, USA Today, and TV Guide.
# Elman Service

Elman Rogers Service (May 18, 1915 – November 14, 1996) was an American cultural anthropologist.

## Biography

He was born on May 18, 1915, in Tecumseh, Michigan and died on November 14, 1996, in Santa Barbara, California. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1941 from the University of Michigan. He earned a Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University in 1951 and taught there from 1949 to 1953. From there, Service went back to the University of Michigan to teach from 1953 until 1969. He later taught at the University of California at Santa Barbara from 1969 to 1985, when he retired.
During his time studying at the University of Michigan, Service joined the Abraham Lincoln Brigade of the Republican Faction in Spain to fight against the victorious Nationalist Faction of General Francisco Franco during the 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War. He also fought in the 1941–1945 World War II for the United States Army.

## Work

Elman Service researched Latin American Indian ethnology, cultural evolution, and theory and method in ethnology. He studied cultural evolution in Paraguay and studied cultures in Latin America and the Caribbean. These studies led to his theories about social systems and the rise of the state as a system of political organization.
He was the Secretary-Treasurer of the American Ethnological Society and a member of the American Anthropological Association.

## Theories

In 1962, Elman Service published his four classifications of the stages of social evolution and political organizations: band, tribe, chiefdom, and state.
He also developed the "managerial benefits" theory, which states that chiefdom-like society developed because of the apparent benefits of centralized leadership. The leader provides benefits to their followers, which, over time, become more complex, benefiting the whole chiefdom society. This keeps the leader in power, and allows the bureaucratic organization to grow.
Service also advanced an integration theory. He believed that early civilizations were not stratified based on property and unequal access to resources, but instead based on unequal political power. He believed there were no true class conflicts, but only power struggles between the political elite in early civilizations. The integration part of this theory was that monuments were created through volunteering, not the leaders forcing it upon the populace.
Elman Service also coined what he called “Law of Evolutionary Potential” in relation to cultural evolution. This law posited that the more specialized and adapted a form in a given evolutionary stage, the smaller its potential for passing on to the next stage.

### Books by Elman Service

* Tobati: Paraguayan Town (1954)
* A Profile of Primitive Culture (1958)
* Evolution and Culture (with M.D. Sahlins) (1960)
* Primitive Social Organization (1962)
* Profiles in Ethnology (1963)
* The Hunters (1966)
* Cultural Evolutionism (1971)
* Origins of the State and Civilization (1975)
* A Century of Controversy, Ethnological Issues from 1860 to 1960 (1985)
# Lee So-dam

Lee So-dam (Korean: 이소담, Korean pronunciation:; born 12 October 1994) is a South Korean former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Lee joined Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels before the start of the 2018 season.
Lee joined Sky Blue FC on 5 January 2021 on a one-year contract with an option for a second year. The club rebranded to NJ/NY Gotham FC during her tenure. On 4 December 2021, the club declined to exercise Lee's contract offer, releasing her.

## International goals

    Scores and results list South Korea's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 21 December 2014 | Munhak Stadium, Incheon, South Korea | Maldives | 3–0 | 13–0 | 2014 Asian Games |
| 2. | 21 January 2016 | Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre, Foshan, China | Vietnam | 5–0 | 5–0 | 2016 Four Nations Tournament |
| 3. | 11 November 2016 | Hong Kong Football Club Stadium, Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 14–0 | 14–0 | 2017 EAFF E-1 Football Championship |
| 4. | 5 April 2017 | Kim Il-sung Stadium, Pyongyang, North Korea | India | 9–0 | 10–0 | 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification |
| 5. | 28 February 2019 | Leichhardt Oval, Sydney, Australia | Argentina | 3–0 | 5–0 | 2019 Cup of Nations |
| 6. | 3 February 2020 | Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo, South Korea | Myanmar | 2–0 | 7–0 | 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament |

## Honours

* Asian Games Bronze medal: 2014
# Arnaldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo

Arnaldo Nogueira de Novais Guedes Rebelo (11 June 1847 – 1917) was a Portuguese colonial administrator and military officer. He was born on 11 June 1847 in Vitória, a parish of Porto.
He was governor of Cape Verde between June 1900 and 1 October 1902, governor of Macau between 17 December 1902 and December 1903 and governor of Portuguese India from 8 November 1905 until 14 February 1907. He was appointed brigadier general in 1910.
# Paso (The Nini Anthem)

"Paso (The Nini Anthem)" is a song by Spanish disc jockey and producer Sak Noel. It was released on 10 January 2012, was written and produced by Sak Noel. The song has peaked to number 45 on the Austrian Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" was first released onto YouTube on 8 December 2011 at a total length of four minutes and twenty seconds.

## Track listings
### Digital download

* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Radio Edit] – 3:17
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Extended Version] - 4:02
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Clean Radio Edit] - 3:18

### UK Digital EP download

* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [UK Edit] - 2:35
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Radio Edit] – 3:17
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Extended Mix] - 4:02
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Kat Krazy Radio Edit] - 3:08
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Kat Krazy Mix] - 4:21
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [XNRG Mix] - 4:37

### German CD Single

* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Radio Edit] - 3:18
* "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" [Extended Edit] - 4:03

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" :
| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 45 |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 34 |
| Poland (Dance Top 50) | 25 |
| Russia Airplay (TopHit) | 7 |
| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit) | 68 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Paso (The Nini Anthem)" :
| Chart (2012) | Position |
| Russia Airplay (TopHit) | 51 |
# Michelle Lomnicki

Michelle Lynn Lomnicki (née Wenino; born May 3, 1987) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender.

## Early life

Born in Aurora, Colorado, to parents Pat and Sherri Wenino, Michelle attended Smoky Hill High School and played all four seasons for the girls soccer team. A four-sport, and 15-time letterwinner, she received the school's Athlete of the Year with Honors award in 2005. Wenino was a Tulsa All-Tournament team member in 2004 and received the Fair Play Award in 2000 State Cup play. She was first-team Centennial league as a senior and second-team as a junior and was named MVP for Smoky Hill as a senior. In 2003, the team were the 2003 Centennial League Champions. Wenino also ran track (200-800m distances) and cross country as a member of the 2002, 2003 and 2004 5A state championship teams that finished second at nationals in 2004 in Portland, Oregon. She was also a point guard on the school's basketball team that won the 2002 Centennial League Championship.

## Club career
### Chicago Red Stars (WPS), 2009

In 2009, Wenino played for Chicago Red Stars in the WPS during its inaugural season. She made one appearance during a game against Saint Louis Athletica at Toyota Park for a total of 34 minutes played.

### SC Freiburg, 2010

In 2010, Wenino played for SC Freiburg. She played seven games with five starts for a total of 476 minutes, scoring one goal.

### Sky Blue FC, 2011

In January 2011, Wenino signed with Sky Blue FC. She made three appearances and scored one goal.

### Chicago Red Stars (NWSL), 2013–2015

In February 2013, Wenino joined Chicago Red Stars in the National Women's Soccer League. Wenino started 17 games and appeared in 18 games in the 22-game season, usually playing defender on the right wing. She scored one goal and had one assist.
She announced her retirement on March 1, 2016.

## Post playing

Lomnicki returned to the Chicago Red Stars in 2020 as the Director of Camps and Clinics. In January 2022 she was named associate general manager of the Red Stars, and in January 2023 the Red Stars promoted her to general manager.
On May 5, 2023, the Red Stars announced that the team had fired Lomnicki on May 4 due to a "lapse in judgment to not share important information with club leadership".