OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marlene Hagge

Marlene Hagge (née Bauer; February 16, 1934 – May 16, 2023) was an American professional golfer. She was one of the thirteen founders of the LPGA in 1950. She won one major championship and 26 LPGA Tour career events. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

## Amateur career

Hagge was born in Eureka, South Dakota on February 16, 1934. She had a progressively successful amateur experience, starting to play golf from the age of 3. At age 10, she won the Long Beach City Boys Junior. At age 13, she won the Western and National Junior Championships, the Los Angeles Women's City Championship, the Palm Springs Women's Championship, Northern California Open and the Indio Women's Invitational. In 1947, at age 13, she became the youngest player to make the cut at the U.S. Women's Open and finished 14th. In 1949, at the age of 15, she became the youngest athlete ever to be named Associated Press Athlete of the Year, Golfer of the Year and Teenager of the Year, and she won the U.S. Girls' Junior and the WWGA Junior titles.

## Professional career

Hagge was the youngest of the thirteen women who founded the LPGA in 1950, and remains the youngest ever member of the LPGA Tour. Her older sister, Alice Bauer, was also a founder. She won her first tournament in 1952 at the Sarasota Open. She would go on to win a total of 26 events on the LPGA Tour, including one major championship, the 1956 LPGA Championship. That year, she was also the tour's leading money winner and led the tour in wins with eight. In 2002, she was voted into the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame through the Veteran's Category and was officially inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. Her final competitive appearance on the LPGA Tour came in 1996.
Hagge appeared on the June 18, 1961, episode of the CBS game show What's My Line.

## Personal life and death

Marlene Bauer married Bob Hagge, her sister Alice's ex-husband in late 1955. They divorced in 1964.
Hagge was married to former PGA Tour golfer Ernie Vossler from 1995 until his death on February 16, 2013. They lived in La Quinta, California, where she remained until her death.
Hagge died in Rancho Mirage, California, on May 16, 2023, at the age of 89, of complications from a fall.

## Professional wins
### LPGA Tour wins (26)

* 1952 (2) Sarasota Open, Bakersfield Open (tied with Betty Jameson, Betsy Rawls and Babe Zaharias)
* 1954 (1) New Orleans Open
* 1956 (8) Sea Island Open, Babe Zaharias Open, Pittsburgh Open, Triangle Round Robin, LPGA Championship, World Championship, Denver Open, Clock Open
* 1957 (2) Babe Zaharias Open, Lawton Open
* 1958 (2) Lake Worth Open Invitational, Land of Sky Open
* 1959 (2) Mayfair Open, Hoosier Open
* 1963 (1) Sight Open
* 1964 (1) Mickey Wright Invitational
* 1965 (5) Babe Zaharias Open, Milwaukee Open, Phoenix Thunderbirds Open, LPGA Tall City Open, Alamo Open
* 1969 (1) Stroh's-WBLY Open
* 1972 (1) Burdine's Invitational

## Major championships
### Wins (1)

| Year | Championship | Winning score | Margin | Runner-up |
| 1956 | LPGA Championship | −9 (69-73-73-76=291) | Playoff $^1$ | Patty Berg |
$^1$ Won on first hole of sudden-death playoff.
# Neuroepidemiology

Neuroepidemiology is a science of incidence, prevalence, risk factors, natural history and prognosis of neurological disorders, as well as of experimental neuroepidemiology, which is research based on clinical trials of effectiveness or efficacy of various interventions in neurological disorders.

## Publications

In 1982, Karger set up a new journal titled Neuroepidemiology. This periodical was the first major international journal devoted to the study of neurological disease distribution and determinants of frequency in human populations. It publishes manuscripts on all aspects of epidemiology of neurological disorders, including clinical trials, public health, health care delivery, as well as research methodology.
The founding editor-in-chief was Bruce Schoenberg. As of 2017, George Jelinek, Head of the Neuroepidemiology Unit at The University of Melbourne, was posted as Specialty Chief Editor of Frontiers in Neurology section.

## Congresses

To present advances in non-experimental and experimental (clinical trials) epidemiology of neurological disorders, the First International Congress on Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology was held in 2009.

## Programs and training

Several institutions in the United States offer formal training and research experience in neuroepidemiology, including:
* Training scholarships are offered for pre- and post-doctoral scholars by the Epidemiology Department at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
* The Neuroepidemiology Training Program offered by the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and
* The University of Maryland Neuroepidemiology Training Program.
In addition, the Center for Stroke Research in the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation at the University of Illinois College of Medicine offers a fellowship in neuroepidemiology. Michigan State University also offers a neuroepidemiology fellowship as part of the International Neurologic & Psychiatric Epidemiology Program.
As the field of neuroepidemiology continues to expand, research groups have developed at some of the leading medical research institutes across the United States. Currently active research groups can be found at:
* The University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health's e-Brain research group has multiple ongoing research projects. Their conceptual model highlights the use of neuroimaging in their research.
* Harvard University's School of Public Health. At HSPH the Neuroepidemiology Research Group is actively investigation neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, among others.
* The University of California, San Francisco has developed a Neuroepidemiology Research Group through the USCF Department of Neurological Surgery.
Other prominent organizations such as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Kaiser Permanente have established research programs in neuroepidemiology.
The American Academy of Neurology provides additional information on career paths in neuroepidemiology.
# Crevasse

A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces.

## Description

Crevasses often have vertical or near-vertical walls, which can then melt and create seracs, arches, and other ice formations. These walls sometimes expose layers that represent the glacier's stratigraphy. Crevasse size often depends upon the amount of liquid water present in the glacier. A crevasse may be as deep as 45 metres (150 ft) and as wide as 20 metres (70 ft)
The presence of water in a crevasse can significantly increase its penetration. Water-filled crevasses may reach the bottom of glaciers or ice sheets and provide a direct hydrologic connection between the surface, where significant summer melting occurs, and the bed of the glacier, where additional water may moisten and lubricate the bed and accelerate ice flow. Direct drains of water from the top of a glacier, known as moulins, can also contribute the lubrication and acceleration of ice flow.

## Types

* Longitudinal crevasses form parallel to flow where the glacier width is expanding. They develop in areas of tensile stress, such as where a valley widens or bends. They are typically concave down and form an angle greater than 45° with the margin.
* Splaying crevasses appear along the edges of a glacier and result from shear stress from the margin of the glacier and longitudinal compressing stress from lateral extension. They extend from the glacier's margin and are concave up with respect to glacier flow, making an angle less than 45° with the margin.
* Transverse crevasses are the most common crevasse type. They form in a zone of longitudinal extension where the principal stresses are parallel to the direction of glacier flow, creating extensional tensile stress. These crevasses stretch across the glacier transverse to the flow direction, or cross-glacier. They generally form where a valley becomes steeper.

## Dangers

Falling into glacial crevasses can be dangerous and life-threatening. Some glacial crevasses (such as on the Khumbu Icefall at Mount Everest) can be 50 metres (160 ft) deep, which can cause fatal injuries upon falling. Hypothermia is often a cause of death when falling into a crevasse.
A crevasse may be covered, but not necessarily filled, by a snow bridge made of the previous years' accumulation and snow drifts. The result is that crevasses are rendered invisible, and thus potentially lethal to anyone attempting to navigate across a glacier. Occasionally a snow bridge over an old crevasse may begin to sag, providing some landscape relief, but this cannot be relied upon.$^{:343}$
The danger of falling into a crevasse can be minimized by roping together multiple climbers into a rope team,$^{:340}$ and the use of friction knots.
# Alexander and Elizabeth Aull Graves House

Alexander and Elizabeth Aull Graves House was a historic home located at Lexington, Lafayette County, Missouri. It was built about 1874, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick dwelling. It had a combination hipped and gable roof. It features segmental arched windows and a bracketed bay window. Also on the property was the contributing frame shed. It was the home of Congressman Alexander Graves.$^{:5}$ It is no longer in existence.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
# Jungle gym

A jungle gym (called a climbing frame in British English) is a piece of playground equipment made of many pieces of material, such as metal pipes or ropes, on which participants can climb, hang, sit, and—in some configurations—slide. Monkey bars are a part of a jungle gym where a user, hanging in the air, swings between evenly spaced horizontal bars. In Australian English, the term "monkey bars" is sometimes used to refer to the entire jungle gym.

## History

The first jungle gym was invented in 1920 and patented by lawyer Sebastian Hinton in Chicago. It was sold under the trademarked name Junglegym. Hinton's second prototype "jungle gym" is still standing at the Winnetka Historical Society where it was relocated from the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois. The term "monkey bars" appears at least as far back as the 1930s, though Hinton's initial 1920 patent appeals to the "monkey instinct" in claiming the benefits of climbing as exercise and play for children, and his improvement patents later that year refer to monkeys shaking the bars of a cage, children swinging on a "monkey runway", and the game of "monkey tag".
When Sebastian Hinton was a child, his father, mathematician Charles Hinton, had built a similar structure from bamboo with the goal of enabling children to gain an intuitive understanding of three-dimensional space through a game in which numbers for the x, y, and z axes were called out, and each child tried to be the first to grasp the indicated junction. Thus, the abstraction of Cartesian coordinates could be grasped as a name of a tangible point in space.

## Safety

To reduce the risk of injury from falls, jungle gym areas often have a thick layer of woodchips, sand or other impact-absorbing material covering the ground. The American National Safety Council recommends that playgrounds have at least 12 inches (30 cm) of such material.

## Gallery

* A small jungle gym
* Hanging from monkey bars
* Landscape structures mobius climber
* Landscape structures spacenet climber
* Boy in front of jungle gym, 1967
* A jungle gym in a school yard in Sweden, 2012
* Japanese schoolgirl on some monkey bars (雲梯), 2014
* A jungle gym in Sweden, 2016
* Military variant of the monkey bars
# Arthur O'Neill

Arthur Edward Bruce O'Neill (19 September 1876 – 6 November 1914), was an Irish Ulster Unionist Party politician who was the first Member of Parliament to be killed in World War I.

## Early life

O'Neill was the second but eldest surviving son of Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill, and his wife Lady Louisa Katherine Emma (née Cochrane). Hugh O'Neill, who was later created Baron Rathcavan, was his younger brother.

## Career
### Military career

O'Neill joined the British Army as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards on 26 May 1897, and was promoted to lieutenant on 15 June 1898. He saw active service in South Africa between 1899 and 1900, during the Second Boer War, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with three clasps. On 3 January 1902 he was promoted to captain, and temporary appointed adjutant to the 2nd Life Guards.
O'Neill fought in the First World War as a captain in "A" Squadron 2nd Life Guards. He was killed in action at Klein Zillebeke ridge on 6 November 1914, aged 38, the first MP to be killed in the conflict. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate in Ypres. O'Neill is also commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs that died during World War I to be named on that memorial. O'Neill is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber. A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a short biographical account of the life and death of O'Neill.

### Political career

He was elected to the House of Commons for Mid-Antrim in January 1910, succeeding his uncle Robert Torrens O'Neill. His brother Hugh succeeded him as MP for Mid-Antrim.

## Personal life

O'Neill married, at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, on 21 January 1902, Lady Annabel Crewe-Milnes, daughter of Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe. The Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland, performed the ceremony. Lady Annabel later remarried and died in 1948.
O'Neill and his wife had five children; three sons and two daughters. Their eldest son Shane succeeded his grandfather in the barony in 1928, while their third son Terence, who was less than two months old at the time of his father's death, was Prime Minister of Northern Ireland between 1963 and 1969.
Their children were:
* Hon. Sibyl O'Neill (1902–1946), married Lt Col Edward North Buxton in 1924
* Hon. Mary Louisa Hermione O'Neill (1905–1991), married Lt Col Derek Ernest Frederick Orby Gascoigne in 1934; parents of Bamber Gascoigne
* Shane O'Neill, 3rd Baron O'Neill (1907–1944 †)
* Hon. Brian Arthur O'Neill (1911–1940 †)
* Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine (1914–1990), Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
# Maesbury

Maesbury is a small scattered community in Shropshire, England, south of the town of Oswestry, falling within the Oswestry Rural parish.
The name is derived from maes, meaning field or plain in Brythonic Welsh, and burh, meaning fort in Old English.
Maesbury traditionally consists of five hamlets: Ball, Gwernybrenin, Newbridge, Maesbury and Maesbury Marsh, though the wider area now includes Ashfield, Aston and Woolston.
A biennial canal festival is held in Maesbury on the Montgomery Canal which passes through the village.
The local small primary school, Maesbury Primary School, located at Ashfield Close, closed its doors in 2013. The building reopened as a children's nursery after renovation in 2017.
The village has a war memorial in the form of a rough-hewn cross at the roadside near the church. It was unveiled following the First World War by Brigadier-General J V Campbell VC, in 1921. Local men who died serving in the Second were later added.
The village is supported by a local shop and tea room located to the south of the village
The village is connected to the nearest town Oswestry via the 576 bus route which also connects to Shrewsbury.
Maesbury Marsh is at the southern end of the area. There is a public house here, located by the main road bridge over the Montgomery Canal, called The Navigation Inn. Local restoration of the Montgomery Canal has been completed and it connects with the Shropshire Union Canal/Ellesmere Canal further to the north east. Further restoration is taking place to the south west through Crickheath. There is a newly constructed nature reserve at Bridge 81, a lift bridge over a minor road, by Bridge House. There is another public house in Ball called The Original Ball on the road into Oswestry.
In nearby Woolston is St Winifred's Well, which is believed to have been a resting place for monks travelling from Holywell to Shrewsbury Abbey with her body.
# F.U.E.P.

F.U.E.P. (Fuck You Extended Play) is the first extended play by British recording artist Lily Allen. It was released on 31 March 2009 by Capitol Records exclusively to iTunes U.S. store. Its cover art is a simple shot taken during the It's Not Me, It's You promo shoot. It features a clean edit of "Fuck You", the cover of Britney Spears' song "Womanizer" and the B-sides to the single "The Fear", entitled "Fag Hag" and "Kabul Shit".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Lily Allen and Greg Kurstin, except "Womanizer", which was written by Nikesha Briscoe and Rafael Akinyemi. All songs produced by Kurstin
# Amir Kamal

Amir Kamal Suliman Mohamed (Arabic: أَمِير كَمَال سُلَيْمَان مُحَمَّد; born 24 July 1992) is a Sudanese professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for Al-Merrikh SC.

## International career
### International goals

    Scores and results list Sudan's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 18 October 2019 | Al-Merrikh Stadium, Omdurman, Sudan | Tanzania | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2020 African Nations Championship qualification |
| 2. | 9 October 2021 | Stade Adrar, Agadir, Morocco | Guinea | 2-2 | 2-2 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Honours
### Clubs

* Al-Merrikh SC
* Sudan Premier League
* Champions (5):2013,2015,2018,2018-19,2019-20
* Sudan Cup
* Winners (5):2012,2013,2014,2015,2018
# Chadwicks Wexford Park

Chadwicks Wexford Park is a GAA stadium in Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland. It is the home of Wexford GAA's Gaelic football and hurling teams. After a recent development the ground has a capacity of about 18,000. It is located in the Clonard area on the outskirts of Wexford Town. In 2015 a local technology company, Innovate Business Technology, signed a deal for the naming rights to the stadium. The new name unveiled was Innovate Wexford Park. In 2020 Chadwicks builders' providers replaced Innovate as the name sponsor of the stadium.

## Redevelopment

In 1997, Wexford received planning permission to redevelop Wexford Park. The redevelopment would cost IR£1 million. It was due to be completed for the National Feile Hurling Finals in 1998. However due to a long overrun, where both end terraces had yet to be constructed, in 2000 they were given an Irish National Lottery grant to cover some of the cost of the overrun. The pitch was discovered to require re-installation of the drainage system as well. The overall cost of the project was IR£3.3 million. The redeveloped stadium was opened in 2001 with a Roman Catholic gathering with a veneration of the relics of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux and it was attended by the Apistolic Nuncio to Ireland, Dr. Giuseppe Lazzarotto and the Bishop of Ferns, Brendan Comiskey.
However, by 2011 the new design of the stadium caused problems. Due to the development including continuous benches along the length of the stand rather than individual seats, it made complying with health and safety regulations difficult due to having to estimate the number of fans that could be accommodated safely. This was seen when there was a Wexford double-header of Gaelic football and hurling with empty spaces in the stands being visible, despite being sold out.
The venue’s first event under newly installed floodlights took place between Wexford and Kilkenny in the 2023 Walsh Cup.

## Naming rights

| Period | Sponsor | Name |
| 2015-2019 | Innovate | Innovate Wexford Park |
| 2020- | Chadwicks | Chadwicks Wexford Park |
# Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Basara

Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Basara (RGUKT, Basara) sometimes referred as IIIT Basara is a state university in Basara, Nirmal district, Telangana, India. The university offers Undergraduate and Post Graduate degrees in various technology programmes.

## Campus

The institute is located in Basara village in Nirmal district, Telangana. It was set up under RGUKT (Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies) Act of 2008 to encourage meritorious students from rural areas to take up courses in technology.

## Academics

The institute offers six-year Bachelor of Technology after 10th class examinations which includes two years pre-university course equivalent to intermediate degree followed by four year degree course in engineering course. It also offers postgraduate Master of Technology courses.

## Affiliation

The institute comes under autonomous Institutions specialized in teaching and research sector in Information Technology and engineering. The institution follows the norms of its own and does not follow regulations of Government of India, University Grants Commission (UGC) India.

## Culture and activities

With education the institute also emphasizes on Extra Academic Activity (EAA) as mandatory part of education. It conducts various extra academic activities such as arts, vocal music, Kuchipudi dance, and Yoga. The initiative to include classical art forms of India in the curriculum was conceptualised. AntahPragnya, a national level techno-cultural fest was being conducted every year.

## Departments

* Chemical Engineering
* Civil Engineering
* Computer Science and Engineering
* Electrical Engineering
* Electronics and Communication Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering
* Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
* Business Management
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Chemistry
# Tom Watson (footballer, born 1860s)

Thomas Watson (born 1868 or 1869; died 10 April 1902) was an English footballer who played for Small Heath in the Football League as a goalkeeper.

## Life and career

Thomas Watson was born in 1868 or 1869 in Birmingham, He was a son of John Watson, a police constable. Described as "a sturdily-built young fellow", Watson grew up to be an all-round athlete, was actively involved in organising local athletics meetings, and was "an ardent cricketer".
Watson played local football for Yardley Victoria, and made two appearances in the First Division for Small Heath as an amateur in the 1894–95 season. His debut came on 2 March 1895 at home to Blackburn Rovers. When the two teams had met earlier in the season at Ewood Park, with Small Heath's Charles Partridge in goal, Blackburn inflicted what remains the club's record defeat, of 9–1. Watson replaced him for the home fixture on a trial basis, the match was drawn and, according to the Birmingham Daily Gazette's "Observer", he "may be said to have acquitted himself with credit, one shot by [Jimmy] Haydock in the first half being magnificently cleared." In Small Heath's next league match, away to Derby County, he conceded five goals. Partridge returned to the side for the following game; he "played with more confidence than usual, and on three or four occasions he saved really well", and kept his place for the remainder of the season.
Watson joined Birmingham City Police in 1889, and was promoted to the rank of sergeant in 1901. He played for their football team, and often used to police Small Heath's matches. He was married to Jane, and at the time of the 1901 census, the couple, their five young children and Watson's father were living in the Bordesley district of Birmingham. Watson died of pneumonia in The Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, on 10 April 1902 at the age of 33. He was buried with full police honours at Yardley cemetery.