# Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.

## History

After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".

## Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty

Dynasty XXI Kings of Egypt :
| Pharaoh | Prenomen (Throne name) | Horus-name | Reign | Burial | Consort(s) | Comments |
| Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I | Hedjkheperre Setepenre | Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat | 1077 - 1051 BC | unknown | Tentamun | Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty. |
| Amenemnisu | Neferkare Heqawaset | (unknown) | 1051 - 1047 BC | unknown | | |
| Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I | Akheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset | 1047 - 1001 BC | NRT III, Tanis | Mutnedjemet Wiay | Precise length of reign unknown. Either 41 or 46 years. |
| Amenemope | Usermaatre Setepenamun | (unknown) | 1001 - 992 BC | Tanis | | Manetho writes in his Epitome that Amenemope ruled Egypt for 9 years. |
| Osorkon the Elder | Akheperre Setepenre | (unknown) | 992 - 986 BC | unknown | | Osorkon the elder ruled Egypt for 6 years. |
| Siamun | Netjerkheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef | 986 - 967 BC | unknown | | Siamun is believed to have ruled Egypt for 19 years. Egyptologists have amended Manetho's figure of 9 years for this king to [1]9 years based on a Year 17 known for him in the Karnak Priestly Annals |
| Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II | Titkheperure Setepenre | (unknown) | 967 - 943 BC | unknown | | |

## Footnotes

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt :
All years are BC :
Predynastic Protodynastic 0 c. 3300–3150 :
Early Dynastic First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890 Second Dynasty II 2890–2686 :
Old Kingdom Third Dynasty III 2686–2613 Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498 Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345 Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181 :
First Intermediate Seventh Dynasty VII spurious Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160 Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130 Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040 Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061 :
Middle Kingdom Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991 Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803 Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649 :
Second Intermediate Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690 Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535 Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600 Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600 Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549 :
New Kingdom Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292 Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189 Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077 :
Third Intermediate Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945 Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720 Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728 Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720 Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653 :
Late Period Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525 Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period) XXVII 525–404 Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398 Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380 Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343 Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period) XXXI 343–332 :
Hellenistic Egypt Thirty-second Dynasty XXXII 332–305 Thirty-third Dynasty XXXIII 305–30 :
Roman Egypt Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs) XXXIV 30 BC – 313 AD :
Byzantine Egypt Thirty-fifth Dynasty (speculated) XXXV 379 AD – 641 AD :
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt :
vte :
* ↑ Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531