# West Pomeranian Voivodeship

West Pomeranian Voivodeship is a voivodeship (province) in northwestern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Szczecin. Its area equals 22,892.48 km$^2$ (8,838.84 sq mi), and in 2021, it was inhabited by 1,682,003 people.
It was established on 1 January 1999, out of the former Szczecin and Koszalin Voivodeships and parts of Gorzów, Piła and Słupsk Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-states of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north.

## Geography and tourism

West Pomeranian Voivodeship is the fifth largest voivodeship of Poland in terms of area. The largest cities in the region are the capital Szczecin, as well as Koszalin, Stargard, Kołobrzeg and Świnoujście.
This is a picturesque region of the Baltic Sea coast, with many beaches, lakes and woodlands. Szczecin, Świnoujście and Police are important ports. Other major seaside towns include Międzyzdroje, Dziwnów, Kołobrzeg, and Mielno.
West Pomerania is also rich in various forms and styles of architecture that were built during the Middle Ages as well as the Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Darłowo, the birthplace of Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, contains a preserved old town with the Gothic Our Lady of Częstochowa church, which holds the king's sarcophagus. The St. Mary's Church in Stargard and Saint John Co-Cathedral in Kamień Pomorski are considered two of the most precious Gothic churches of entire Poland, and as such are listed as Historic Monuments of Poland, whereas the Saint Stanislaus Kostka church in Chwarszczany is a nationally unique former Knights Templar church. In Cedynia, the westernmost town of Poland, there is a memorial commemorating the Battle of Cedynia of 972, the oldest recorded battle in the history of Poland. The Świnoujście Lighthouse is the tallest brick lighthouse in the world. The War Cemetery in Stargard is the burial place of over 5,000 Allied soldiers and prisoners of war from both world wars, including Polish, French, Serbian/Yugoslav, Russian/Soviet, Italian, Romanian, Belgian, British, Moroccan, Portuguese and Dutch. There are also numerous World War II memorials, including memorials to Allied POWs from World War II at the former Oflag II-B, Oflag II-D and Stalag Luft IV German POW camps in Choszczno, Kłomino and Tychowo, and a memorial to British pilots of the No. 617 Squadron RAF shot down by Germany in Karsibór, Świnoujście.
There is a diverse repertoire of theaters, festivals, museums and galleries. During a few-day long annual Sea Festival in Szczecin, a number of free open-air concerts take place. In Świnoujście during the summer, the FAMA Academic Youth Arts Festival takes place – an event with several years of tradition, which attracts not only young people but also older alumni. In Międzyzdroje, there is a Festival Of The Stars, which draws many popular actors. In Wolin, a Viking Festival takes place, which draws "Vikings" from all across Europe.
Another draw to the area is a wide array of health resorts. Brine and peloid, discovered in the 19th century, together with geothermal water resources, are popular attractions in Świnoujście, Kamień Pomorski and Połczyn Zdrój.
A notable phenomenon on a worldly scale is the Crooked Forest outside the town of Gryfino.

## Cities and towns

The voivodeship contains five cities and 61 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019):
* Szczecin (402,067)
* Koszalin (107,225)
* Stargard (67,795)
* Kołobrzeg (46,309)
* Świnoujście (40,883)
Towns:
* Szczecinek (40,016)
* Police (32,575)
* Wałcz (25,312)
* Białogard (24,250)
* Goleniów (22,284)
* Gryfino (21,221)
* Nowogard (16,603)
* Gryfice (16,524)
* Świdwin (15,533)
* Choszczno (15,213)
* Dębno (13,775)
* Barlinek (13,752)
* Darłowo (13,710)
* Złocieniec (12,901)
* Pyrzyce (12,581)
* Sławno (12,511)
* Drawsko Pomorskie (11,597)
* Myślibórz (11,151)
* Łobez (10,167)
* Trzebiatów (9,986)
* Kamień Pomorski (8,807)
* Połczyn-Zdrój (8,073)
* Chojna (7,375)
* Czaplinek (7,109)
* Sianów (6,621)
* Karlino (5,945)
* Międzyzdroje (5,376)
* Borne Sulinowo (5,116)
* Wolin (4,878)
* Kalisz Pomorski (4,366)
* Resko (4,217)
* Bobolice (3,991)
* Płoty (3,965)
* Lipiany (3,922)
* Barwice (3,715)
* Mieszkowice (3,647)
* Maszewo (3,357)
* Chociwel (3,177)
* Mirosławiec (3,081)
* Mielno (2,956)
* Polanów (2,917)
* Recz (2,898)
* Węgorzyno (2,816)
* Dziwnów (2,663)
* Golczewo (2,660)
* Pełczyce (2,583)
* Tychowo (2,520)
* Stepnica (2,465)
* Gościno (2,430)
* Człopa (2,322)
* Dobra (2,307)
* Drawno (2,280)
* Dobrzany (2,267)
* Trzcińsko-Zdrój (2,263)
* Biały Bór (2,185)
* Tuczno (1,934)
* Ińsko (1,924)
* Moryń (1,630)
* Cedynia (1,555)
* Suchań (1,471)
* Nowe Warpno (1,190)
The Polish districts of the historical region Western Pomerania (the three westernmost districts of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship) had a population of about 520,000 in 2012 (cities of Szczecin, Świnoujście and Police County combined) – while the German districts had a population of about 470,000 in 2012 (Vorpommern-Rügen and Vorpommern-Greifswald combined). Overall, about 1 million people live in the historical region of Western Pomerania today, while the Szczecin agglomeration reaches even further.

## Administrative division

West Pomeranian Voivodeship is divided into 21 counties (powiats): three city counties and 18 land counties. These are further divided into 114 gminas.
The counties are listed in the following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population in 2019):
| English and Polish names | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat | Other towns | Total gminas |
| City counties ||||||
| Szczecin | 301 | 402,067 | | | 1 |
| Koszalin | 84 | 107,225 | | | 1 |
| Świnoujście | 197 | 40,883 | | | 1 |
| Land counties ||||||
| Stargard County powiat stargardzki | 1,520 | 120,088 | Stargard | Chociwel, Dobrzany, Ińsko, Suchań | 10 |
| Gryfino County powiat gryfiński | 1,870 | 82,258 | Gryfino | Chojna, Mieszkowice, Trzcińsko-Zdrój, Cedynia, Moryń | 9 |
| Goleniów County powiat goleniowski | 1,617 | 82,418 | Goleniów | Nowogard, Maszewo, Stepnica | 6 |
| Szczecinek County powiat szczecinecki | 1,765 | 77,731 | Szczecinek | Borne Sulinowo, Barwice, Biały Bór | 6 |
| Kołobrzeg County powiat kołobrzeski | 726 | 79,470 | Kołobrzeg | Gościno | 7 |
| Police County powiat policki | 664 | 79,967 | Police | Nowe Warpno | 4 |
| Myślibórz County powiat myśliborski | 1,182 | 65,999 | Myślibórz | Barlinek, Dębno | 5 |
| Koszalin County powiat koszaliński | 1,669 | 66,373 | Koszalin * | Sianów, Bobolice, Polanów, Mielno | 8 |
| Gryfice County powiat gryficki | 1,018 | 60,474 | Gryfice | Trzebiatów, Płoty | 6 |
| Drawsko County powiat drawski | 1,764 | 57,171 | Drawsko Pomorskie | Złocieniec, Czaplinek, Kalisz Pomorski | 6 |
| Sławno County powiat sławieński | 1,044 | 56,231 | Sławno | Darłowo | 6 |
| Wałcz County powiat wałecki | 1,415 | 53,325 | Wałcz | Mirosławiec, Człopa, Tuczno | 5 |
| Choszczno County powiat choszczeński | 1,328 | 48,419 | Choszczno | Recz, Pełczyce, Drawno | 6 |
| Białogard County powiat białogardzki | 845 | 47,697 | Białogard | Karlino, Tychowo | 4 |
| Świdwin County powiat świdwiński | 1,093 | 46,997 | Świdwin | Połczyn-Zdrój | 6 |
| Kamień County powiat kamieński | 1,007 | 47,115 | Kamień Pomorski | Międzyzdroje, Wolin, Dziwnów, Golczewo | 6 |
| Pyrzyce County powiat pyrzycki | 726 | 39,482 | Pyrzyce | Lipiany | 6 |
| Łobez County powiat łobeski | 1,066 | 36,954 | Łobez | Resko, Węgorzyno, Dobra | 5 |
| NOTE: * seat not part of the county ||||||

## Protected areas

Protected areas in West Pomeranian Voivodeship include two National Parks and seven Landscape Parks. These are listed below.
* Drawno National Park (partly in Lubusz and Greater Poland Voivodeships)
* Wolin National Park
* Barlinek-Gorzów Landscape Park (partly in Lubusz Voivodeship)
* Cedynia Landscape Park
* Drawsko Landscape Park
* Ińsko Landscape Park
* Lower Odra Valley Landscape Park
* Szczecin Landscape Park
* Ujście Warty Landscape Park (partly in Lubusz Voivodeship)

## Cuisine

Apart from nationwide Polish cuisine, the region has its local traditional foods and beverages. The voivodeship is notable for production of honey, with several varieties listed as traditional foods by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.
As a coastal province, there are several local fish dishes, including the Szczecin-style and Kołobrzeg-style herring. Szczecinek krówki, Szczecin gingerbread and Choszczno strucla (type of poppy seed roll) are local delicacies.
Traditional beverages include mead, produced in Cedynia and Wolin, beer from Lipiany and Szczecin and nalewka from Dębina.

## Demographics

After Germany's defeat in World War II, the region became again part of Poland by way of the Potsdam Agreement, which created territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union.
In 1948, 67 percent of the populace originated from central Poland, Greater Poland and Pomerelia while 25 percent came from the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. Another 6 percent returned to Poland from Western Europe. About 50,000 Ukrainians were forcefully resettled to West Pomerania in the Operation Vistula in 1947.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, some Scots settled in several towns of the current West Pomeranian Voivodeship, i.e. Wałcz, Biały Bór, Człopa and Gryfice, whereas in the 18th century French Huguenots settled in Szczecin and Gryfino.

## Education and science

* University of Szczecin (Polish Uniwersytet Szczeciński) with 35,000 students
* Technical University in Koszalin with 14,000 students (Politechnika Koszalińska)
* West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin with 15,300 students (Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny), formed as a result of merger of Szczecin University of Technology (Politechnika Szczecińska) and University of Agriculture in Szczecin (Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie)
* Pomeranian Medical University with 4,000 students (Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny)
* The Szczecin Academy of Arts (Akademia Sztuki w Szczecinie)
* Maritime University of Szczecin (Akademia Morska w Szczecinie)
* The West Pomeranian Business School with 3,000 students (Zachodniopomorska Szkoła Biznesu)
* Szczeciński Park Naukowo-Technologiczny (science park in Szczecin)

## Economy

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 18.3 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 3.7% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,700 euros or 59% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 67% of the EU average.
The Świnoujście LNG terminal, Poland's main liquefied natural gas import terminal, is located in the province.

## Industrial, science and technology parks

* Goleniowski Park Przemysłowy (industrial park in Goleniów)
* Infrapark Police (industrial park in Police, Poland)
* Stargardzki Park Przemysłowy (industrial park in Stargard)
* Szczeciński Park Naukowo-Technologiczny (science park in Szczecin)

## Transportation

There are two main international road routes that pass through the voivodeship: National road 3 (Poland) Świnoujście-Szczecin-Gorzów Wielkopolski-Zielona Góra-Legnica-Czech border (part of European route E65 from Swedish Malmö to Chaniá in Greece) and National road 6 (Poland) Szczecin-Koszalin-Słupsk-Gdańsk (part of European route E28 from Berlin to Minsk). Most of the National road 3 in the voivodeship is in a standard of an expressway (Expressway S3 (Poland)). The National road 6 between German border and Rzęśnica is in the standard of autostrada (A6 autostrada (Poland)), whereas part between Rzęścnica and Goleniów and bypasses of Goleniów and Nowogard are in standards of an expressway (Expressway S6 (Poland)). Other important national roads are National road 10 (Poland) (German border-Szczecin-Piła-Bydgoscz-Toruń-Płońsk) and National road 11 (Poland) (Kołobrzeg-Koszalin-Piła-Poznań-Bytom). Apart from the above, some other national roads are located in the voivodeship. The voivodeship possesses also a well-developed network of regional roads.
Main railways in the province are line no. 351 Szczecin-Poznań, line no. 273 Szczecin-Wrocław (so-called "Odra railway"), line no. 202 Stargard-Gdańsk, line no. 401 Szczecin-Świnoujście and line no. 404 Kołobrzeg-Szczecinek. The main railway stations of the province are Szczecin main station, Stargard and Koszalin. The stations are served by fast PKP Intercity trains which connect them with the capital Warsaw, as well as other major Polish cities. In addition to these fast express services, inter-regional trains and intra-regional trains are operated by the firm Przewozy Regionalne. Szczecin main station possesses international train connections with Berlin, Schwerin and Lübeck (operated by DB Regio). Świnoujście has a direct train connection with Stralsund, which is operated by Usedomer Bäderbahn.
The only domestic and international airport in West Pomeranian Voivodeship is Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport. Also, part of the runway of an abandoned airport in Bagicz (near Kołobrzeg) was converted to an airport licensed to service planes carrying not more than 20 passengers on board.

## Sports

Football and basketball enjoy the largest following in the voivodeship.

## Curiosities

* In the 10th and 11th centuries, Wolin was one of five largest cities of Poland, and the largest port city on the Baltic Sea.
* Darłowo, Sławno, Szczecin and Szczecinek were medieval ducal seats of the House of Griffin.
* The West Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of four first-level administrative divisions containing the name of the region of Pomerania, the other being the Pomeranian Voivodeship and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany.

## Gallery

* Battle of Cedynia Monument, Cedynia
* Plaque commemorating the battle of the Pomeranian Wall
* Beach in Mielno
* Czaplinek was once settled by Templars
* Jarosławiec
* Saint Stanislaus Kostka church, Chwarszczany
* Sanatorium Gryf, Połczyn-Zdrój
* Town Hall, Nowe Warpno
* Beach and pier, Międzyzdroje
* Dendrological Garden, Przelewice
* Church of the Nativity, Gryfino
* Ruins of the church in Trzęsacz
* National Museum in Szczecin
* Szczecin Philharmonic
* Gosań cliff, Wolin National Park
* Lighthouse in Kołobrzeg
* Pomeranian Dukes' Castle in Darłowo
* Crooked Forest
* Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Kamień Pomorski
* Wind turbines in Cisowo
* Lake Ostrowiec
* Stuchowo Palace