OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1948 in Afghanistan

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1948 in Afghanistan.
Relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are peaceful and formally correct. The unsettled relations between Pakistan and India, however, interfere with the Afghan foreign trade which for decades had gone mostly by the Khyber Pass. Another reason for the unfavourable balance of trade is the falling price of Karakul lambskins, the most valuable of the country's exports. Three new motor roads were under construction in 1948: Kabul to Mazar, Kabul to Khyber Pass, and the Badakhshan road from Kabul toward Sinkiang province, China.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah
* Prime Minister – Shah Mahmud Khan

## March 29, 1948

It is announced that the British legation at Kabul and the Afghan legation in London are to be raised to the status of embassies. On June 5 a similar step is taken between the US and Afghanistan.
# Ahmad Muzani

Ahmad Muzani (born in Tegal, 15 July 1968) is an entrepreneur and politician from the Great Indonesia Movement Party. He is the Secretary General of the Great Indonesia Movement Party and a member of the House of Representatives (Indonesia).

## Career

Since he was a teenager he has been in various organizations in his hometown. He has also been noted to lead the Indonesian Islamic Students (PII), before continuing his education majoring in Communication studies at the Universitas Ibnu Chaldun, Jakarta.
His political career began under the Star Reform Party (PBR) formed by Zainuddin M.Z, during which Muzani served as Deputy Secretary General. But ahead of the 2009 elections, Muzani who once worked as a manager of an oil palm plantation owned by Prabowo Subianto was thrusting towards Great Indonesia Movement Party.
He then nominated himself as a member of the legislative electoral district of Lampung I which includes Bandar Lampung, West Lampung, South Lampung, Tanggamus, Pesawaran, and Metro. After elections the he was announced as the winner representing Senayan from 2009 to 2014 after reaching 24,723 votes. Muzani was sworn into the Commission I in charge of Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Information.
In 2014, he was re-elected as a member of the House of Representatives and was appointed chairman of the faction of Great Indonesia Movement Party in the House of Representatives.
# Nezha (disambiguation)

Nezha is a protection deity in Chinese folk religion.
Nezha or Ne Zha may also refer to:
* Calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3, also sometimes known as Nezha
* Nezha (given name), a feminine given name of Arabic origin, meaning virtuousness or a promenade
* Nezha (2014 film), a Chinese period drama film
* I Am Nezha (2016 film), a Chinese animated fantasy film
* Ne Zha (2019 film), a Chinese animated fantasy film
* New Gods: Nezha Reborn (2021 film), a Chinese animated fantasy film
* Ne Zha 2 (2025 film), a Chinese animated fantasy film and the sequel to the 2019 film
* Laura Nezha (born 1990), Albanian singer, actress, and director
* Neta (car marque), also called Nezha, an automotive brand of Hozon Auto
# National Christian Foundation

National Christian Foundation (NCF) is a US non-profit organization that assists donors in donating to charitable causes. NCF accepts non-cash assets and is the nation's largest provider of donor-advised funds focused primarily on Christian donors. Since 1982, NCF has granted over $14.5 billion to causes and charities.

## History

In 1982, Evangelical Christian author and entrepreneur Larry Burkett, financial author and advisor Ron Blue, and tax attorney Terry Parker founded the National Christian Foundation.
Headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia, NCF began adding local offices throughout the United States in 2000. In 2018, NCF reported having 28 local offices in cities across the country, including Dallas, Orlando, Chicago, and Seattle. These local offices are community-based and act as liaisons to the national organization.
In 2021, NCF distributed its $14 billion to more than 71,000 charities since its founding. This has led it to be ranked as the 6th largest non-profit organization in the United States.

## Program

NCF's primary operation, the Giving Fund (donor-advised fund), works like a charitable savings account. Via an online dashboard, donors give various assets into the Fund, receive a tax deduction at the time of the gift, and recommend grants to their charities of choice. NCF accepts non-cash gifts. They also offer other giving options, such as Charitable Gift Annuities and the NCF Legacy Fund.
NCF spends a portion of donations to fund the support activities necessary to be able to make those grants. NCF calculates the amount as a percentage of the donor's Fund balance (typically 1% or less each year) and, in the case of non-cash assets, a percentage of gift value (typically 5%, one time).

## Criticism

Similar to other donor-advised funds, there is a noticeable lack of specificity in the source of the money and their specific target. Between 2015 and 2017, NCF distributed $56.1 million to 23 organizations designated as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center. Most of these organizations opposed LGBT rights; some were anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim.
# Mark IV

Mark IV or Mark 4 often refers to the fourth version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk."
Mark IV or Mark 4 may refer to:

## Computers

* MARK IV (software), a 1960s-era 4th-generation programming language from Informatics
* Harvard Mark IV (1952), an all-electronic stored-program computer
* ETL Mark IV computer, a transistorized computer built at the ElectroTechnical Laboratory in Japan
* Emergency Medical Hologram Mark IV, in Star Trek: Voyager, an artificially intelligent medical program

## Music

* The Mark IV, American vocal group, 1950s
* The Mark Four (1966–1968), an English band
* MARK IV (Barbershop), a barbershop quartet that won the 1969 SPEBSQSA competition
* Mesa Boogie Mark IV (1993–2008), an electric guitar amplifier
* Disklavier § Mark IV, a reproducing piano sold by Yamaha Corporation
* Mark IV line-up of rock band Deep Purple, their fourth line-up , with David Coverdale, Tommy Bolin, Jon Lord, Glenn Hughes and Ian Paice

## Religion

* Mark 4 or Mark IV, the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Bible
* Patriarch Mark IV of Alexandria, Greek patriarch of Alexandria in 1385–1389
* Pope Mark IV of Alexandria (died 1363), Coptic Pope in 1348–1363

## Vehicles

* Mark 4 (Iarnród Éireann), Irish Rail InterCity train
* Mark IV monorail, train used at Walt Disney World, 1971–1989
* Mark IV tank, an up-armoured variant of the British Mark I tank, 1917
* Bristol Blenheim Mk.IV, light bomber in Royal Air Force service before and during World War II
* British Rail Mark 4, passenger train
* Chandelle Mk IV, ultralight aircraft
* Cozy MK IV, an experimental 4 place canard aircraft derived by Nat Puffer from the Burt Rutan Long-EZ
* Jaguar Mark IV (1945–1949), British car
* Continental Mark IV (1959, 1972–1976), American luxury car
* Merkava Mark IV (1999), main battle tank of Israel Defense Forces
* Triumph Spitfire, MKIV (1970–1974), a British sports car

## Weapons

* Webley Mk IV, a.k.a. "Boer War Model"; .455 caliber British revolver from 1899
* MK IV Series 80 M1911 pistol, semi-automatic pistol
* Mark 4 nuclear bomb (1949–1953), an American nuclear bomb

## Other

* Canon EOS-1D Mark IV, a digital SLR
* AI Mark IV radar, the first air-to-air radar
* Navy Mark IV (late 1950s–early 1960s), a full pressure suit designed for unpressurized military jets
* Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV (1936), designed in Poland
* Mk IV Turtle helmet (1950s–1980s), British Army helmet, a slight design change from the Mk III Turtle helmet
# Mars Cheese Castle

Mars Cheese Castle is a specialty food store, delicatessen, and taproom which sells a variety of consumable products in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Located along Interstate 94, the shop is popular among Wisconsin visitors and has been called a "cheese landmark", "one of Wisconsin's most recognizable cheese stores", and "an icon for generations of I-94 travelers". While the store is best known for its cheese, it also sells sausages and other foods, beer, wine, specialty condiments, soft drinks and Wisconsin souvenirs such as cheesehead hats.
The store is the oldest cheese shop located at what the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel called "Wisconsin's most visible cheese interchange"; the junction of Interstate 94 and Wisconsin Highway 142 had three cheese shops until 2009 when it was reduced to two.
The in-store deli offers burgers, bratwurst, and other sandwiches. A variety of draft and bottle beers are available in the taproom – including imported European beers and Wisconsin microbrews. There is also a bakery on site.

## History

Mario Ventura, Sr., opened Mars Cheese Castle in 1947. The shop's name was inspired by its owner’s, as the name Mario comes from the Roman god Mars; the "Castle" part of the name was inspired by a castle in Italy owned by Ventura's mother. Kenosha artist George Pollard designed the store's logo; the project was Pollard's first job. The original store, which featured a large beer bottle on its roof, burned down in 1957; a new store was built nearby.
In 2011, a project widening Interstate 94 forced the store to relocate 50 yards (46 m) away from the freeway. The new store, over twice as large as the previous building, was designed to more closely resemble an actual castle; it features a watchtower holding the store's wine and an entrance which resembles a drawbridge. A special statute passed by the Wisconsin Legislature allowed the store to keep its 80-foot (24 m) sign at its new location despite a state law prohibiting signs that tall.
Mars Cheese Castle has attracted a number of celebrity visitors. Rock band Weezer held a record signing at the store in 2001, and Al Hirt, Al McGuire, John F. Kennedy, and Johnny Cash have all visited the store. Then-U.S. Vice President Joe Biden also stopped at the store while campaigning for the 2012 presidential election.
# Ahmed Ould Bouceif

Lt. Col. Ahmed Ould Bouceif (Arabic: أحمد ولد بوسيف, 1934 – 27 May 1979) was a Mauritanian military officer and political leader. On April 6, 1979, he seized power in a coup d'état together with Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah and other officers, ousting Col. Mustafa Ould Salek from real power, however kept in his symbolic position with no real power until June 3, 1979.
He became the 2nd Prime Minister of Mauritania in the new government. He died the following month when a DHC-5 Buffalo airplane of the Air Force, crashed off the coast of Dakar, Senegal, at which point Haidallah emerged as the regime's main strongman.
# Frunzyenski District

Frunzyenski District or Frunzienski District (Belarusian: Фрунзенскі раён, romanized: Frunzienski rajon; Russian: Фрунзенский район, romanized: Frunzensky rayon) is an administrative division of the city of Minsk, the capital of Belarus. It was named after Mikhail Frunze and is the most populated district of the city. As of 2023, it has a population of 459,849.

## Geography

The district, the biggest in Minsk, is situated in the western area of the city and borders with Tsentralny and Maskowski districts.
It has several microdistricts, including Zapad [ru], Zapad-4, etc.

## Transport

Frunzyenski is served by the Awtazavodskaya subway line. It is also crossed by the MKAD beltway.
# David Tai Bornoff

David Tai Bornoff (born 1980, Chicago, Illinois) is an American writer, advertising director, photographer, film director and multimedia artist.
His work has been exhibited internationally and his writing featured in many fashion and music related magazines. His commercial editing work is extensive, including the first GMC commercial to ever air on the super bowl. He is responsible for editing the pop culture hit "ShamWow" directed by pitchman Vince Offer.

## Early years

Bornoff was born in 1980, the son of Denise and Jack Bornoff, both graduates of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and early pioneers of the Chicago performance art movement. At the age of 5 the family moved to Los Angeles where from an early age his peers and mentors were skateboarders, graffiti writers, musicians, and artists that were considered to be on the fringes of society. He accepted an offer to complete high school at the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts where he took early classes in Computer graphics and became the youngest Graphics editor of the Association for Computing Machinery. David Tai Bornoff holds an undergraduate degree in Fine Arts from Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles, and a Post Diplome in Multimedia from The École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

## Advertising

David has won multiple Gold ADDY Awards for editing, directing, and his creative strategies. David is a board member of The Joint Photographic Experts Group (Jpeg), The Moving Picture Experts Group, and is an advisor to the Sacramento Film Commission.

## Art

* 2001 "Egofugal - Fugue from Ego for the Next Emergence" - Istanbul Biennial, with Seza Paker, curated by Yuko Hasegawa

## Writing

* Frank151 - Multiple Issues
* Featured in Modern Painter Magazine
* Featured in Nylon Magazine
* Featured on Gawker
* "The New Dark Ages" by Justin Blyth
* "One Thousand Years This Was a Glacier" (to be published in 2012 by Reserve)
# Mexican Federal Highway 8

Federal Highway 8 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 8, Fed. 8) is a free part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) entirely within the state of Sonora. It is connected to the roadway that transitions from the border post at Lukeville, Arizona where it connects with Arizona State Route 85, proceeds south through Puerto Peñasco with Sonoyta, Sonora, and intersects with Fed. 2. It continues through the El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve until ending at Puerto Peñasco, a length of 100 km (62 mi).

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Sonora.
| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Puerto Peñasco | Puerto Peñasco | 0 | 0.0 | 1 de Junio | Western terminus |
| Puerto Peñasco | ​ | 9.9 | 6.2 | SH 3 – Golfo de Santa Clara, Sahuaro | |
| General Plutarco Elías Calles | Sonoyta | 100 | 62 | Fed. 2 east – Santa Ana, Caborca | West end of Fed. 2 concurrency |
| General Plutarco Elías Calles | Sonoyta | 101 | 63 | Fed. 2 west – San Luis Río Colorado, Mexicali | East end of Fed. 2 concurrency |
| General Plutarco Elías Calles | Sonoyta | 104 | 65 | SR 85 north – Lukeville | Eastern terminus at Mexico-U.S. border proceeding into Pima County, AZ |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# A Forest Romance

A Forest Romance is a 1913 American silent short Western film directed by Frank Montgomery and starring Harry von Meter and Mona Darkfeather.

## Cast

* Mona Darkfeather
* Harry von Meter
* James Davis
* Arthur Ortego
* Harry Schumm
* Jack Messick as Rowland
# Trent Perry

Trent Perry (born January 8, 2005) is an American college basketball player for the UCLA Bruins. He was named a McDonald's All-American and voted California Mr. Basketball as a senior in high school in 2024.

## Early life and high school

Perry was born and raised in West Covina, California, and attended Harvard-Westlake School. He was named the Mission League MVP at the end of his junior season. As a senior, Perry averaged 18.6 points, 6.1 rebounds, and 5.9 assists per game and was named the California Gatorade Player of the Year and repeated as Mission League MVP. Perry was selected to play in the 2024 McDonald's All-American Game and was named California Mr. Basketball.
Perry was rated a four-star recruit and initially committed to play college basketball at USC over offers from Stanford, Gonzaga, Oregon, Colorado, and TCU. He decommitted from USC on April 2, 2024, after head coach Andy Enfield left the program for SMU. Perry later signed to play at UCLA.

## College career

Perry entered his freshman season with the UCLA Bruins as a reserve at guard.
# Pulijanmam

Pulijanmam (Malayalam: പുലിജന്മം, English translation : Metamorphosis of a Man to a Tiger ) is a Malayalam feature film directed by Priyanandanan. It stars Murali, Vineeth Kumar, Salim Kumar, Samvrutha Sunil and Sindhu Menon. It was released on 26 May 2006 and won the Swarna Kamal Award for the Best Feature Film in the 54th National Film Awards, 2006. The film was produced by M G Vijay and it was the second directorial venture by Priyanandanan, the first one being Neythukaran released in 2001. The citation for Pulijanmam said it was 'a layered film that uses metaphors to address global and local issues of contemporary society'. The film also won the John Abraham Award for Best Malayalam Film in 2006.

## Synopsis

The film Pulijanmam is based on N Prabhakaran's play of the same name. Kari Gurukkal, also known as Pulimaranja Thondachan (the great-grandfather who turned into tiger), is a folk god of Pulayas, a subaltern community in North Kerala. According to legends, Kari was a master of martial arts and other arts. Envious, the upper caste people ordered him to bring a tiger's mane and tail to cure the madness of the ruler. For this, he had to take the tiger form and go to the forest. To get his human form back when he returns from the forest, his wife should pour water used for cleaning rice and beat him with a broom. But when he returns from the forest, his wife got terrified by his form and fails to do what she was told to do. Unable to take human form, Kari goes back to the forest.
Prakashan is a graduate who leads a simple life of a farmer. He is more involved in local issues and politics than his personal life. Once Prakashan plans to stage a play titled 'Pulijanmam' for a local arts club. He does a lot of research on Kari Gurukkal and brings up the script. He himself rehearses to portray the main character in the drama, Thondachhan Theyyam Kari Gurukkal.
For playing the role of Vellachi, the female lead in the drama, Prakashan finds Shehnaz, a Muslim girl. The rehearsals go on, but due to the outbreak of communal riots in the area, the drama was cancelled. The Hindu-Muslim harmony in the village is broken due to the riots that lasted long. The situations take a U-turn and all the blame comes on Prakashan which makes him lose his close friends. In the meantime, his sister Anila leaves the family behind and takes the life of her choice which makes their mother lose her mental balance. Prakashan finds every situation he rehearsed for long in the drama to happen in his real life. In a final attempt to regain his life, he goes to meet Shehnaz and invite her to his life; but of the fear of Prakashan getting killed by her community men, she asks Prakashan to go back. The film ends when Prakashan realizes that his fate takes the same end as Kari Master.

## Cast

* Murali as Prakashan / Kari Gurukkal
* Sindhu Menon as Shahnaz / Vellachi
* Vineeth Kumar
* Samvrutha Sunil as Anila (as Samvrutha)
* Salim Kumar
* Irshad as Ashraf
* Santhosh Jogi
* V. K. Sriraman as KKC (Party leader)
* Mullanezhi as Sukumaran master
* Vijeesh
# SunCruz Casinos

SunCruz Casinos was one of many cruise lines that offered "cruises to nowhere," legally transporting passengers into international waters beyond the reach of federal and state gambling laws.
Four ships operated out of four ports including Jacksonville (SunCruz VII), Key Largo (SunCruz I), Myrtle Beach (SunCruz VIII), and Port Canaveral (SunCruz XII).
On December 16, 2009, SunCruz Casinos was reported to be closing amid reports of owing $300,000 to the Canaveral Port Authority. Parent company Ocean Casino Cruises filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy December 28.
At the time of the filing of bankruptcy, there were about 300 full-time and part-time employees.

## History

In 1994 Gus Boulis, already a multi-millionaire by founding the Miami Subs sandwich shop franchise, bought a number of luxury yachts. He remodeled the yachts as casinos, and began to operate his "cruises to nowhere," sailing three miles from the Florida coast into what was then considered international waters. There, out on the sea, passengers would gamble on poker, blackjack and slot machines. Boulis called his fleet of 11 ships the SunCruz Casino line. By the time he sold the company in 2000, SunCruz Casinos was earning tens of millions of dollars in annual profits, and employed over 2,000 people.
In September 2007, SunCruz discontinued operation at Palm Beach. Service was subsequently discontinued at Daytona and Treasure Island.

### Investigation

In the 2000s, lobbyists such as Jack Abramoff became involved illegally with the sale of the line. Boulis was murdered in 2001.
# Brian Harvey (American runner)

Brian Harvey is an American distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He was an NCAA All-American at Carnegie Mellon University, before achieving national-class results in the marathon post-collegiately. Harvey competed in the 2016, 2020, and 2024 U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon.

## Early Life

Harvey grew up in Ellicott City, Maryland. He began focusing on running after being cut from the soccer team at Centennial High School. After graduating in 2005, Harvey enrolled at Carnegie Mellon University, where he earned five All-American honors in cross country and track, while also leading his team to the NCAA Cross Country Championships.

## Career

Upon graduating from college in 2009, Harvey moved to Boston and joined BAA. He notched his personal best 10,000 meters at the 2011 Penn Relays, clocking 29:39.78.
In the 2012 U.S. Indoor Championships, Harvey placed 8th in the 3,000 meters.
Moving up in distance to the marathon, Harvey had a breakthrough in 2014 when he ran 2:17:05 at the Twin Cities Marathon. This result qualified him for the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon in Los Angeles.
Harvey has competed in several editions of the Beach to Beacon 10K in Cape Elizabeth, ME, placing as high as 10th in 2014 with a time of 29:51.
In 2015, Harvey placed 22nd at the USATF 15 km Championship in Jacksonville, FL. Later that year, he placed 17th at Grandma's Marathon with a time of 2:17:17.
At the 2016 Olympic Trials Marathon in sunny, hot conditions, Harvey placed 31st in a time of 2:23:18. In the fall, Harvey won the 2016 Hartford Marathon. He won it again in 2018.
In 2017, Harvey placed 20th in the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:20:18. At the 2018 California International Marathon, Harvey qualified for the 2020 United States Olympic Trials (marathon) with a time of 2:17:49. At the Olympic Trials in Atlanta, Harvey placed 116th out of 235 men.
Following the COVID-19 Pandemic, Harvey returned to marathoning at the 2022 Grandma's Marathon, where he qualified for his third Olympic Trials with another 2:17 performance.
Harvey was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Sports Hall of Fame in 2022.
At the 2024 United States Olympic Trials (marathon) in Orlando, Harvey clocked a time of 2:23:47 to place 101st of 200 men.

## Personal

As of 2024, Harvey lives in Belmont, Massachusetts with his wife and daughter, and works as a biomedical engineer.
# Jiro Kuwata

Jiro Kuwata (桑田 二郎, Kuwata Jirō, alternatively 桑田 次郎; April 17, 1935 – July 2, 2020) was a Japanese manga artist.

## Biography

Kuwata was born in Suita, Osaka. He created The Strange Star Cluster (怪奇星団) in 1948. In 1957 he created Maboroshi Tantei (まぼろし探偵, Phantom Detective) He co-created 8 Man with writer Kazumasa Hirai.
In 1965, when he was to finish the final issue of 8 Man, he was arrested for possession of a handgun, and released from prison soon after.
Kuwata died at age 85 in Suita, Osaka.