# NWSL Under-18 Entry Mechanism

The Under-18 Entry Mechanism sets the rules for how soccer players below the age of 18 may sign professional contracts in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the top division of women's soccer in the United States.

## Background

The NWSL had a minimum age requirement of 18 until 2021, when 15-year-old Olivia Moultrie filed an antitrust lawsuit against the league. She reached a settlement that allowed her to sign with Portland Thorns FC after going through a league discovery process that involved her rights being acquired by OL Reign and traded to the Thorns. The following year, the NWSL allowed 17-year-old Jaedyn Shaw to sign with San Diego Wave FC through discovery, with five other teams submitting bids for her rights including the Washington Spirit which she had trained with for months. Other sports leagues in the United States continue to have minimum requirements, such as 18 in the National Hockey League and Major League Baseball. Major League Soccer allows younger players to sign contracts which occurs mostly for development purposes.
The NWSL introduced the Under-18 Entry Mechanism on November 14, 2022, establishing a formal process for signing players under the age of 18. As of 2024, the NWSL allows teams to have up to four under-18 players between their private entry list and roster. Players must be signed within a month of being named to the entry list, and their contracts must last through the season in which they turn 18. Until coming of age, under-18 players may not be cut from their team's roster nor traded (unless the player and her parent or guardian consents) nor selected in an expansion draft. In addition to contractual protections, under-18 players are required to live with a parent or guardian and use separate showers and locker rooms.
Chloe Ricketts was the first player to sign through the Under-18 Entry Mechanism, joining the Washington Spirit on March 3, 2023, at the age of 15.

## List of signings

    As of January 24, 2025
Under-18 signings in the NWSL (2023–present) :
| Date of signing | Player | Pos. | Team | Date of birth | Age at signing |
| March 3, 2023 | Chloe Ricketts * | MF | Washington Spirit | May 23, 2007 | 15 years, 284 days |
| March 21, 2023 | Melanie Barcenas * | FW | San Diego Wave FC | October 30, 2007 | 15 years, 142 days |
| July 28, 2023 | Riley Jackson | MF | North Carolina Courage | December 2, 2005 | 17 years, 238 days |
| October 30, 2023 | Alex Pfeiffer | FW | Kansas City Current | November 26, 2007 | 15 years, 338 days |
| November 28, 2023 | Gisele Thompson | DF | Angel City FC | December 2, 2005 | 17 years, 361 days |
| December 14, 2023 | Claire Hutton | MF | Kansas City Current | January 11, 2006 | 17 years, 337 days |
| January 18, 2024 | Casey Phair | FW | Angel City FC | June 29, 2007 | 16 years, 203 days |
| March 6, 2024 | Kennedy Fuller | MF | Angel City FC | March 9, 2007 | 16 years, 363 days |
| March 13, 2024 | Emeri Adames | FW | Seattle Reign FC | April 3, 2006 | 17 years, 345 days |
| March 22, 2024 | Kimmi Ascanio | MF | San Diego Wave FC | January 21, 2008 | 16 years, 61 days |
| July 19, 2024 | Jordyn Bugg | DF | Seattle Reign FC | August 11, 2006 | 17 years, 343 days |
| July 19, 2024 | Ainsley McCammon | MF | Seattle Reign FC | August 16, 2007 | 16 years, 338 days |
| July 26, 2024 | Mckenna Whitham ⁂ | FW | NJ/NY Gotham FC | July 27, 2010 | 13 years, 365 days |
| October 11, 2024 | Zoe Matthews | MF | Houston Dash | May 25, 2007 | 17 years, 139 days |
| December 11, 2024 | KK Ream | FW | Utah Royals | 2009 | 15 years, 157 days |
| January 8, 2025 | Katie Scott | DF | Kansas City Current | June 20, 2007 | 17 years, 174 days |
| January 16, 2025 | Trinity Armstrong | DF | San Diego Wave FC | July 25, 2007 | 17 years, 175 days |
| January 24, 2025 | Micayla Johnson | FW | Chicago Stars FC | January 18, 2008 | 17 years, 6 days |