# Clackamas County, Oregon

Clackamas County (/ˈklækəməs/ CLAK-ə-məss) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 421,401, making it Oregon's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the native people living in the area at the time of the coming of Europeans, the Clackamas people, who are part of the Chinookan peoples.
Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.

## History

Originally named Clackamas District, it was one of the four original Oregon districts created by Oregon's Provisional Legislature on July 5, 1843, along with Twality (later Washington), Champooick (later Marion), and Yamhill. The four districts were redesignated as counties in 1845. At the time of its creation, Clackamas County covered portions of four present-day U.S. states and a Canadian province. The Columbia River became the northern boundary of the county in 1844. Soon after, John McLoughlin staked a land claim in Oregon City and built a house that in 2003 became a unit of the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site.
Most of the indigenous people of the Wil-lamet Valley were forcibly removed in February 1859, to the reservation of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. Most were moved without treaty or compensation for lost lands or resources. Some 22 tribes were moved during the cold winter. It is estimated that 30% did not survive the first year. The tribes eventually prospered, but outside of Clackamas County. They also never received any revenue or compensation from the logging of their homeland forests.
In addition, the Tribes of the Cascades Mountains were isolated to a Reservation after the signing of a treaty in 1859. Confederated Tribes of Warmsprings was established and remains a strong and vital player in actions that concern the Federal forests of the Cascades Range.
Oregon City was also the site of the only federal court west of the Rockies in 1849, when San Francisco, California, was platted. The plat was filed in 1850 in the first plat book of the first office of records on the West Coast and is still in Oregon City.
Around 1900, the spa and resort at Wilthoit Springs was a popular tourist destination. In 1902, the Willamette Meteorite was recovered from a field near present-day West Linn.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,883 square miles (4,880 km$^2$), of which 1,870 square miles (4,800 km$^2$) is land and 12 square miles (31 km$^2$) (0.7%) is water.

### Major highways

* Interstate 5
* Interstate 205
* U.S. Route 26
* Oregon Route 35
* Oregon Route 99E
* Oregon Route 212
* Oregon Route 213
* Oregon Route 224

### Adjacent counties

* Multnomah County - north
* Hood River County - northeast
* Wasco County - east
* Marion County - south
* Yamhill County - west
* Washington County - northwest
The county includes parts of two national forests: Mount Hood National Forest and Willamette National Forest.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 375,992 people, 145,790 households, and 100,866 families in the county. The population density was 201.0 inhabitants per square mile (77.6/km$^2$). There were 156,945 housing units at an average density of 83.9 per square mile (32.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 88.2% white, 3.7% Asian, 0.8% American Indian, 0.8% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 3.1% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.9% were German, 14.5% were English, 13.3% were Irish, 5.0% were Norwegian, and 4.9% were American.
Of the 145,790 households, 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.8% were non-families, and 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age was 40.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $62,007 and the median income for a family was $74,905. Males had a median income of $53,488 versus $39,796 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,785. About 6.1% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 338,391 people, 128,201 households, and 91,663 families in the county. The population density was 181 people per square mile (70 people/km$^2$). There were 136,954 housing units at an average density of 73 units per square mile (28/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 91.27% White, 2.45% Asian, 0.71% Native American, 0.66% Black or African American, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 2.28% from other races, and 2.46% from two or more races. 4.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.7% were of German, 11.6% English, 9.1% Irish and 7.5% American ancestry.
There were 128,201 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.50% were non-families. 22.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.07.
The county population contained 26.20% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 26.00% from 45 to 64, and 11.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $52,080, and the median income for a family was $60,791. Males had a median income of $43,462 versus $30,891 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,973. About 4.60% of families and 6.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.60% of those under age 18 and 5.10% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities

Several of the county's cities extend into other counties. Lake Oswego and Milwaukie include areas in Multnomah County. Lake Oswego, Rivergrove and Wilsonville include areas in Washington County. The cities of Portland and Tualatin extend into Clackamas County from Multnomah and Washington counties respectively.
In Clackamas County, hamlets and villages are models of local land use governance for unincorporated areas. The four hamlets in Clackamas County are Beavercreek, Molalla Prairie, Mulino, and Stafford. The county's only village is the Villages at Mount Hood.

### Cities

* Barlow
* Canby
* Damascus (former)
* Estacada
* Gladstone
* Happy Valley
* Johnson City
* Lake Oswego
* Milwaukie
* Molalla
* Oregon City (county seat)
* Portland
* Rivergrove
* Sandy
* Tualatin
* West Linn
* Wilsonville

### Census-designated places

* Beavercreek
* Boring
* Clackamas (former)
* Damascus
* Government Camp
* Jennings Lodge
* Mount Hood Village
* Mulino
* Oak Grove
* Oatfield
* Rhododendron
* Stafford
* Sunnyside (former)

### Hamlets

* Beavercreek
* Molalla Prairie (former)
* Mulino
* Stafford

### Locales, etc.

* Cazadero
* Marylhurst
* Wankers Corner

### Unincorporated communities

* Barton
* Boring
* Brightwood
* Bull Run
* Carus
* Carver
* Cherryville
* Clackamas
* Clarkes
* Colton
* Cottrell
* Eagle Creek
* Faubion
* Government Camp
* Jean
* Jennings Lodge
* Kelso
* Ladd Hill
* Lakewood
* Liberal
* Logan
* Lone Elder
* Macksburg
* Marmot
* Marquam
* Milwaukie Heights
* Mountain Air Park
* Needy
* New Era
* Oak Grove
* Oatfield
* Redland
* Rhododendron
* Ripplebrook
* Riverside
* Shadowood
* Springwater
* Stafford
* Welches
* Wemme
* Wildwood
* Yoder
* Zigzag

### Former unincorporated communities

* Bissell – named for W. S. Bissell, U.S. Postmaster General from 1893 to 1895. Bissell had its own post office from at least 1899 to 1923.

## Government and politics
### Incorporated communities

Clackamas County is the first county in Oregon to have four models of governance for its communities. Like the rest of Oregon, it has cities (which are formally incorporated) and rural communities (some of which for federal purposes are considered census-designated places).
After the completion of a process that began in late 1999, the county adopted an ordinance on August 11, 2005, which defined hamlets and villages. By the November 30, 2005, deadline, three communities had submitted petitions to be designated as such. Boring petitioned to become a village, but the application was rejected in a town hall referendum in August 2006. The communities along U.S. Route 26 near Mount Hood from Brightwood to Rhododendron petitioned to become "The Villages at Mount Hood", and it was approved by residents in May 2006. Beavercreek petitioned to become a hamlet, and was recognized as such in September 2006.

### County commissioners

| District | Name |
| Chair | Craig Roberts |
| Commissioner, Position 2 | Paul Savas |
| Commissioner, Position 3 | Martha Schrader |
| Commissioner, Position 4 | vacant |
| Commissioner, Position 5 | Ben West |

### County officials

| Office | Name |
| District Attorney | John Wentworth |
| County Sheriff | Angela Brandenburg |
| County Clerk | Catherine McMullen |
| Justice of the Peace | Karen Brisbin |
| Assessor Tax Collector | Bronson Rueda |
| Treasurer | Brian Nava |

### Federal officials

| Office | Name |
| U.S. Representative, 3rd District | Maxine Dexter (D) |
| U.S. Representative, 5th District | Janelle Bynum (D) |
| U.S. Representative, 6th District | Andrea Salinas (D) |
| U.S. Senator | Ron Wyden (D) |
| U.S. Senator | Jeff Merkley (D) |

### State representatives

| District | Name | Party | Residence |
| District 18 | Rick Lewis | Republican | Silverton |
| District 26 | Courtney Neron | Democratic | Wilsonville |
| District 37 | Jules Walters | Democratic | West Linn |
| District 38 | Daniel Nguyen | Democratic | Lake Oswego |
| District 39 | April Dobson | Democratic | Happy Valley |
| District 40 | Annessa Hartman | Democratic | Gladstone |
| District 41 | Mark Gamba | Democratic | Milwaukie |
| District 48 | Hoa Nguyen | Democratic | Portland |
| District 51 | Christine Drazan | Republican | Canby |
| District 52 | Jeff Helfrich | Republican | Hood River |

### State senators

| District | Name | Party | Residence | Notes |
| District 9 | Fred Girod | Republican | Stayton |
| District 19 | Rob Wagner | Democratic | Lake Oswego | Senate President |
| District 20 | Mark Meek | Democratic | Gladstone | |
| District 21 | Kathleen Taylor | Democratic | Portland |
| District 24 | Kayse Jama | Democratic | Portland | |
| District 26 | Daniel Bonham | Republican | The Dalles | |
United States presidential election results for Clackamas County, Oregon :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 106,387 | 43.20% | 130,580 | 53.03% | 9,273 | 3.77% |
| 2020 | 110,509 | 42.89% | 139,043 | 53.96% | 8,127 | 3.15% |
| 2016 | 88,392 | 41.30% | 102,095 | 47.70% | 23,552 | 11.00% |
| 2012 | 88,592 | 46.79% | 95,493 | 50.44% | 5,247 | 2.77% |
| 2008 | 83,595 | 43.57% | 103,476 | 53.93% | 4,807 | 2.51% |
| 2004 | 97,691 | 50.10% | 95,129 | 48.78% | 2,180 | 1.12% |
| 2000 | 77,539 | 47.79% | 76,421 | 47.10% | 8,302 | 5.12% |
| 1996 | 59,443 | 40.95% | 67,709 | 46.65% | 17,994 | 12.40% |
| 1992 | 53,724 | 34.76% | 60,310 | 39.03% | 40,504 | 26.21% |
| 1988 | 61,381 | 49.76% | 59,799 | 48.48% | 2,171 | 1.76% |
| 1984 | 68,630 | 59.08% | 47,254 | 40.68% | 289 | 0.25% |
| 1980 | 54,111 | 49.42% | 40,462 | 36.96% | 14,910 | 13.62% |
| 1976 | 47,671 | 50.74% | 42,504 | 45.24% | 3,784 | 4.03% |
| 1972 | 41,767 | 53.49% | 32,540 | 41.67% | 3,782 | 4.84% |
| 1968 | 32,363 | 50.60% | 27,939 | 43.68% | 3,659 | 5.72% |
| 1964 | 21,299 | 37.34% | 35,711 | 62.60% | 33 | 0.06% |
| 1960 | 28,531 | 54.53% | 23,679 | 45.26% | 109 | 0.21% |
| 1956 | 25,314 | 55.36% | 20,416 | 44.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 24,174 | 59.51% | 16,219 | 39.93% | 227 | 0.56% |
| 1948 | 14,431 | 47.97% | 14,263 | 47.41% | 1,389 | 4.62% |
| 1944 | 12,492 | 46.29% | 14,060 | 52.10% | 435 | 1.61% |
| 1940 | 11,416 | 45.39% | 13,547 | 53.86% | 190 | 0.76% |
| 1936 | 5,830 | 27.37% | 14,203 | 66.67% | 1,270 | 5.96% |
| 1932 | 5,964 | 32.05% | 11,575 | 62.20% | 1,069 | 5.74% |
| 1928 | 9,216 | 59.51% | 5,918 | 38.22% | 352 | 2.27% |
| 1924 | 5,864 | 43.28% | 3,099 | 22.87% | 4,585 | 33.84% |
| 1920 | 6,928 | 59.52% | 3,740 | 32.13% | 971 | 8.34% |
| 1916 | 6,349 | 50.91% | 5,334 | 42.77% | 788 | 6.32% |
| 1912 | 1,503 | 23.01% | 2,171 | 33.24% | 2,858 | 43.75% |
| 1908 | 2,776 | 53.91% | 1,866 | 36.24% | 507 | 9.85% |
| 1904 | 2,783 | 67.78% | 684 | 16.66% | 639 | 15.56% |
| 1900 | 2,234 | 53.96% | 1,641 | 39.64% | 265 | 6.40% |
| 1896 | 2,664 | 51.79% | 2,386 | 46.38% | 94 | 1.83% |
| 1892 | 1,815 | 44.51% | 655 | 16.06% | 1,608 | 39.43% |
| 1888 | 1,527 | 56.39% | 1,005 | 37.11% | 176 | 6.50% |
| 1884 | 1,381 | 55.31% | 1,015 | 40.65% | 101 | 4.04% |
| 1880 | 1,166 | 57.10% | 872 | 42.70% | 4 | 0.20% |

## Economy

Since the county's creation, agriculture, timber, manufacturing, and commerce have been the principal economic activities. Mount Hood, the only year-round ski resort in the United States and the site of Timberline Lodge, is a major attraction for recreation and tourism, offering outdoor recreation activities from skiing and rafting to fishing and camping.

## Infrastructure

The county supports the Library Information Network of Clackamas County. The urban areas of the county are also served by Metro.

## Notable people

* Bob Amsberry (1928–1957), original member of The Mickey Mouse Club
* Rebecca Anderson (born 1991), beauty pageant titleholder
* Debby Applegate (born 1968), biographer and historian
* Jay Baller (born 1960), baseball player
* Howard C. Belton (1893–1988), Oregon State Treasurer
* William H. Boring (1841–1932), Union soldier; founder of Boring
* Nan Britton (1896–1991), secretary and mistress of President Warren G. Harding
* George Bruns (1914–1984), Walt Disney Pictures film composer
* Ed Coleman (1901–1964), baseball player
* Ralph Coleman (1895–1990), baseball coach
* Ryan Crouser (born 1992), shot putter, discus thrower, Olympic Gold Medalist
* Carson Ellis (born 1975), artist and illustrator
* Philip Foster (1805–1884), pioneer
* Alma Francis (1890–1968), stage actress and singer
* Tom Gorman (born 1957), baseball pitcher
* Tonya Harding (born 1970), Olympic figure skater
* Joni Harms (born 1959), musician
* Bill Johnson (1960–2016), Olympic skier
* Edwin Markham (1852–1940), Poet Laureate of Oregon
* Colin Meloy (born 1974), musician
* Charis Michelsen (born 1974), actress, model, and makeup artist
* Bill Morgan (1910–1985), football player
* Ben Musa (1905–1974), Oregon state legislator
* Alan Olsen (born 1948), Oregon State Senator
* Ralph Patt (1929–2010), jazz-guitarist who invented major-thirds tuning; geological expert on groundwater contamination from the Hanford Site.
* Burt Rutan (born 1943), aerospace engineer
* Kurt Schrader (born 1951), U.S. Representative from Oregon
* Martha Schrader (born 1953), Oregon State Senator
* Chael Sonnen (born 1977), wrestler
* Brenda Strong (born 1960), film and television actress
* Maria Thayer (born 1975), actress and comedian
* Mark Thorson (born 1983), football player
* Aaron E. Waite (1813–1898), Oregon Supreme Court justice
* Brian Wilbur (born 1986), Granada Lions quarterback