OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rome Protocols

The Rome Protocols (German: Römer Protokolle, Hungarian: Római jegyzőkönyvek) were a series of three international agreements concluded in Rome on 17 March 1934 between the governments of Austria, Hungary, and Italy.
They were signed by Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, and Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös.
All of the protocols went into effect on 12 July 1934 and were registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 12 December 1934.

## Background

The Rome Protocols, even though they dealt only with economic development, were part of the process of co-operation between the three signatory governments against the revisionist policies of Adolf Hitler, who had just come to power in Germany, as well as against the territorial integrity of Yugoslavia, which they wished to dismember among themselves. The protocols' co-operation was short-lived since in 1938, Mussolini allowed Hitler to invade Austria, and the Hungarian government, led by Miklós Horthy, also supported the Third Reich that year.

## Terms

Protocol No 1 was very brief and contained no clauses but only a brief statement in which the signatories undertook "To confer together on all problems which particularly concern them, and on problems of a general character, with a view to pursuing, in the spirit of the existing treaties of friendship between Italy and Austria, Italy and Hungary and Austria and Hungary, which are based on a recognition of the existence of numerous common interests, a concordant policy directed towards the promotion of effective co-operation between the States of Europe and particularly between Italy, Austria and Hungary". In the following paragraph, the three governments undertook "to hold joint consultations whenever at least one of them deems it desirable".
Protocol No 2 dealt with economic relations between the three governments. In Article 1 the three governments undertook not to place any obstacles to trade between them and to conclude commercial treaties to that effect. In Article 2, the parties undertook to assist the Hungarian government because of the fall in the price of wheat. In Article 3, the parties undertook to facilitate the rapid transit of goods through the ports of the Adriatic Sea. In Article 4, the parties undertook to establish a commission of experts to make further recommendations in the economic field.
Protocol No 3 was concluded between only the governments of Italy and Austria. In Article 1, both governments undertook to negotiate a new trade treaty between them as soon as possible. In Article 2, they undertook to grant each other trade privileges in the new trade treaty to be negotiated.
# Hailai Arghandiwal

Hailai Arghandiwal (Pashto: هیلی ارغندیوال; born 22 April 1996) is a professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder. Born in the United States, she represented the Afghanistan national team.

## Club career

Arghandiwal agreed a transfer to Italian Serie A club Florentia in December 2018. She became an MSV Duisburg player in 2019.

## International career

In 2010, as a 14-year-old high school pupil from Northern California, Arghandiwal was selected for the Afghanistan national team at the 2010 SAFF Women's Championship in Bangladesh. Her experiences at the tournament inspired her to become a campaigner for women's rights in Afghanistan. She was the national team captain at the 2012 SAFF Women's Championship in Sri Lanka.
She played in the Oakland Roots' Justice Match on 10 October 2020.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 10 September 2012 | CR & FC Grounds, Colombo, Sri Lanka | Pakistan | 3–0 | 4–0 | 2012 SAFF Women's Championship |
# Jacqueline Krim

Jacqueline Krim is an American condensed matter physicist specializing in nanotribology, the study of film growth, friction, and wetting of nanoscale surfaces. She is a Distinguished University Professor of Physics at North Carolina State University.

## Education and career

Krim graduated from the University of Montana in 1978 and completed a Ph.D. in experimental condensed matter physics at the University of Washington in 1984. After postdoctoral research at Aix-Marseille University, she became a faculty member at Northeastern University, and moved to North Carolina State University in 1998.

## Recognition

Krim is a fellow of the American Vacuum Society (1999) and the American Physical Society (2000). The Division of Materials Physics of the American Physical Society named her as their David Adler Lecturer for 2015. In 2019 she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science "for distinguished contributions to the understanding of atomic-scale friction, wetting and surface roughening and for exemplary efforts in scientific outreach and diversity". She received a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1986.
# Bernardo de Alderete

Bernardo de Alderete (1565–1641) was a Spanish philologist and historian.

## Biography

De Alderete was born in Málaga. He was canon of the cathedral of Cordoba and one of the most learned men of his time. He was well versed in the Chaldean, Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French and Italian languages. He applied his scholarly knowledge to archaeological and linguistic research. His main work is Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que hoy se uso en España, published in Rome in 1606. It is a scientific essay on the origins of the Spanish language in which the author highlights those of a Latin nature. He further wrote several antiquities from Spain, Africa and other provinces (1614) and a collection of Letters on the Eucharist.

## Works

* Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que hoy se uso en España (Rome, 1606). Google Books
* This Spanish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Falls the Shadow (film)

Falls the Shadow: The Life and Times of Athol Fugard is a 2012 documentary about South African playwright Athol Fugard.

## Critical reception

The Arts Desk wrote "Falls the Shadow illuminates an unwavering and merciless political critic whose dramas reveal a surpassing empathy as well, Palmer's decade-spanning narrative says too little about the Fugard of late, not to mention this writer in the here and now."
# Jagdish Bhola

Jagdish Bhola is a famous wrestler known for his skill and dedication to the sport. Often called the "King Kong" of Indian wrestling, he became well known for his strength and success in the ring. He was honored with the Arjuna Award, one of India’s most prestigious sports awards, recognizing his achievements in wrestling.

## Early life

Jagdish Bhola was born in Chauke (dist. Bathinda). Bhola spent most of his childhood with his maternal family. At an early age he was encouraged by his maternal uncle to take up wrestling as a career and was trained by him as well in village Chauke itself, where many national and international players have been produced. Later on Bhola shifted to Ludhiana and joined a renowned akhara to master his skills in wrestling.

## Career

As a wrestler he reached fame after earning a silver medal in the 1991 Asian Wrestling Championships, Delhi, he also competed throughout the world. For his wrestling career, Government awarded him with the Arjuna Award.
Bhola also appeared in a Punjabi language movie, Rustam-e-Hind which released in 2008. For a brief time Bhola served in the Punjab police as DSP before being suspended by the Punjab Police.

## Decline in career

Bhola was subject to controversy when in 2008 he was caught by Mumbai Police for drug peddling. Soon after the government took away his Arjuna award, followed by Punjab police suspending Bhola from his DSP post in 2008.
Bhola restarted his drug trafficking business earning much wealth and possessing two posh bungalows, costly cars and having a sugar mill fitted with high resolution CCTV cameras around its perimeter.
He was arrested again in 2015 by Punjab Police along with Ram Singh, a boxer, for alleged participation in synthetic drug cartel of ₹ 700 crore.
According to sources, Bhola was also convicted for running illegal drug manufacturing business from his home. According to Punjab Police he is the head of the Punjab-based drug racket. The drugs where trafficked from Pakistani border areas and is supplied to Mumbai and parts of Himachal Pradesh.
# Jadyn Matthews

Jadyn Aliana Matthews (born 16 November 1999) is an American-born Jamaican footballer who plays as a defender for Cornell Big Red and the Jamaica women's national team.

## International career

Matthews represented Jamaica at the 2018 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She made her senior debut in a 1–2 loss win against Venezuela on 19 July 2018.

## Personal life

Matthews is related to Olympic gold-medalist Don Quarrie.
# Rosanna Capolingua

Rosanna Capolingua AM (born 26 January 1959) is an Australian doctor and former federal president of the Australian Medical Association (AMA). She served as president from 2007 to 2009.

## Background

A graduate of the University of Western Australia, she was AMA (Western Australia) State President for two years and served on the Executive of the Federal AMA for four years. Dr. Capolingua is also Chair of the Federal AMA's Ethics and Medico-Legal Committee and the AMA Publishing Company.
She currently works as a general practitioner in Western Australia. She occasionally writes newspaper columns for The West Australian.
Capolingua was once a member of the Liberal Party of Australia.
Capolingua was for a long time a board member of Healthway, a government-funded health promotion organisation, and served as its chairman for a period of time. She resigned from the role in February 2015 after a Public Sector Commission report found that she and other board members had misused privileges for their own personal benefit, including tickets to sports events provided by Healthway-sponsored teams. Western Australian Premier Colin Barnett said that Capolingua's resignation was largely to do with governance failures. Capolingua suggested she had done nothing wrong but agreed to resign. She said ""I will lead the way by standing up and stepping aside."
Capolingua sued The West Australian for defamation following her resignation from the Healthway board. The case was settled, with The West Australian conceding that the statements made of Capolingua were defamatory.
Bob Cronin, the group editor-in-chief of West Australian News-papers, stated that, "The articles were published in circumstances where Dr Capolingua was (and still is) barred by statutory confidentiality obligations from disclosing information she obtained by reason of her role as Chair of Healthway, which prevented her from giving details of what went on at Healthway".
"The West accepts that Dr Capolingua was instrumental in initiating the Public Sector Commission review into Healthway’s access to and use of tickets, and took action to address inappropriate inclusion of tickets in sponsorship agreements and ensuring Healthway’s practices complied with Public Sector guidelines", Mr Cronin said.

## Affiliations

Dr. Capolingua is a member of the:
* Medical Board of Western Australia, Professional Services Review Committee
* Board of MercyCare
* Director of General Practice Liaison at SJOG Hospital, Subiaco.

## Honours

Capolingua was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2023 King's Birthday Honours for "significant service to patient care, to medicine, and as a role model to women".
# Refried beans

Refried beans (from Spanish: frijoles refritos, lit. 'rehashed or warmed-over beans') is a dish of cooked and mashed beans that is a traditional staple of Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine, although each cuisine has a different approach when making the dish. Refried beans are also popular in many other Latin American countries. The English "refried beans" is a mistranslation, since the essence of "frijoles refritos" is the reheating and mashing of the beans.
In this dish, after being boiled and then mashed into a paste, the beans are fried or baked, though as they are fried only once, the term "refried" is misleading. As described by Rick Bayless, "they're refritos—not fried again, as you might assume, but 'well fried' or 'intensely fried'."

## Ingredients and preparation

In Northern Mexico and Tex-Mex cuisine, refried beans are usually prepared with pinto beans, but many other varieties of bean are used in other parts of Mexico, such as black, Peruano, or red kidney beans. The raw beans can be cooked when dry or soaked overnight, then stewed, drained of most of the remaining liquid, and converted into a paste with a masher (such as a potato masher), or pressed through a fine mesh sieve (to remove the skins). Some of the drained liquid, or chicken or vegetable stock, is added if the consistency is too dry. The paste is then baked or fried, usually with onion and garlic in a small amount of lard, vegetable oil, bacon drippings or butter, and seasoned to taste with salt and spices. In Mexico, lard is most often used, and this has a large effect on flavor. Epazote is a common herb used to add flavor to the dish. It is also a carminative (i.e. it reduces the intestinal gas associated with beans).

## Usage

In home cooking, refried beans are often served as a side dish accompanying a larger meal or rolled in a tortilla to form a bean burrito.
In the United States, refried beans are most commonly made from pinto beans. They are served as a side dish with most Tex-Mex restaurant meals. They also have become very popular as a dip for maize tortilla chips. Refried beans are also a primary ingredient in many tostada, chimichanga, and pupusa recipes. Additionally, they are a typical ingredient in layered dips, such as seven-layer dip, or in nachos.
# Rabun

Rabun (English: My Failing Sighteyes) is a 2003 Malaysian Malay-language romantic drama film directed by Yasmin Ahmad. It tells a story about a free-spirited older couple, Pak Atan and Mak Inom who decide to spend more time in the country after getting tired of city life. But they find that life in the old village isn't a good thing when they get cheated by a distant relative, Yem, out of some money. They cut him off and Yem plots revenge. Meanwhile, in the city, the couple's daughter Orked is being wooed by a young gentleman, Yasin. Rabun is Yasmin Ahmad's first film before her other films, Sepet, Gubra, Mukhsin, Muallaf and Talentime.

## Premise

The story revolves on Orked who lives with her parents, Pak Atan and Mak Inom and having a feast between them.
# Masud Shah

Alauddin Masood Shah bin Rukhuddin Firuz Shah bin Shamsuddin Iltumish (Persian: علاء الدین مسعود شاه; died 10 June 1246) was the seventh sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.

## Life

Ala-ud-Din Masud-Shah ruled from 1242 to 1246. He was the grandson of Iltutmish and the son of Rukn-ud-Din Firuz Shah. In practice, the Turkish nobles known as the Forty held all real power, leaving Masud-Shah only the Sultan’s title. A new Naib-i-Mamlikat post was revived and given to Malik Qutb-ud-din Hasan, while other top offices also went to members of the Forty. The Wazir, Muhazab-ud-Din, lost his position after clashing with these nobles, and Balban rose to become Amir-Hajib, eventually gathering most authority. Meanwhile, Tughra Khan, the Governor of Bengal, broke away, added Bihar to his domain, and even threatened Avadh. Multan and Uch also became independent. In 1245, Saif-ud-Din Hasan Qarlagh invaded Multan, but the Mongols arrived soon after, drove him out, and besieged Uch. When Sultan Mahmud advanced to the Beas River, the Mongols ended the siege and left. Ultimately, Balban, Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, and Nasir-ud-din’s mother conspired to overthrow Masud-Shah. By June 1246, Masud-Shah was deposed, and Nasir-ud-din Mahmud took the throne.

## Coins

Gold, Silver and Billon coins are known for Ala ud-Din Masud Shah. Gold and silver coins were issued from Lakhnau and Delhi. Billon coins were struck from Budaun and Delhi.
* Silver Tanka of Ala al-Din Masud Shah, Delhi Mint with the obverse legend "fi Ahd Al Imam Mustasim Amir-ul-Mominin" and Reverse legend "Al Sultan Al Azam 'Ala-al-dunya wa Al-din Abu'l Muzaffar Masud Shah bin Al-Sultan"
* Billon Jital of Ala al-din Masud
* Billon Jital of Ala al-din Masud
* Billon Jital Ala al-din Masud, Budaun Mint
# Eos (magazine)

Eos (formerly Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union) is the news magazine published by the American Geophysical Union (AGU). The magazine publishes news and opinions relevant to the Earth and space sciences, as well as in-depth features on current research and on the relationship of geoscience to social and political questions. Eos is published online daily, and as an AGU member benefit in 11 issues a year. It accepts both display and classified advertising.

## History

Transactions, American Geophysical Union, began as a way to distribute information about AGU's annual meetings. Launched in 1920, the first volume was reprinted from volume 6, number 10 of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences as National Research Council Reprint and Circular Series, number 11, and appeared under the title Scientific papers presented before the American Geophysical Union. It compiled papers from AGU's second annual meeting. These transactions were not printed but were mimeographed for limited distribution only.
Transactions changed its scope over the following decades. In 1945, it increased its publication to six times a year and began accepting peer-reviewed articles on Earth and space science topics. In 1959, Transactions became a quarterly.
In 1969, the publication added Eos to its name for Eos, the Greek goddess of dawn, representing for AGU the new light being shed by geophysical research on the understanding of Earth and its environment. At this time, the magazine began to be published monthly. In 1979, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union began publication as a weekly tabloid newspaper. Eos.org was launched in 2014, publishing daily with a monthly print version distributed to AGU members.
Issues of Eos published between 1997 and 2014 are available in the Wiley Online Library. All content published since December 2014 is available online at Eos.org.

## Content and contributors

Eos accepts contributions from both scientists and professional journalists, focusing on news relevant to Earth and space scientists around the world, with topics including planetary science, hydrology, geology, and natural hazards. It also features articles on science policy and programs. In 2019, it began publishing articles translated into Spanish, and in 2021, simplified Chinese translations of some articles were added to the site.
Although Eos is not a peer-reviewed journal, it maintains a board of Science Advisers representing the various scientific disciplines of AGU.
Eos has won numerous awards, including those from the Washington, D.C., chapters of the American Institute of Graphic Arts and the Society of Professional Journalists.

## Abstracting and indexing

Eos is indexed by GeoRef, GEOBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and several other databases. It is a GeoRef priority journal.
# Jaye Boissiere

Jaye Cori Locker Boissiere (born February 16, 1996) is an American professional soccer player who played as a midfielder for National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) club Washington Spirit.

## Club career
### Washington Spirit

Boissiere made her NWSL debut in the 2020 NWSL Challenge Cup on July 1, 2020.

## Honors

Stanford Cardinal
* NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship: 2017
# Golden shovel

A golden shovel is a poetic form in which the last word of each line forms a second, pre-existing poem (or section thereof), to which the poet is paying homage.
It was created by Terrance Hayes, whose poem "The Golden Shovel" (from his 2010 collection Lighthead) is based on Gwendolyn Brooks' "We Real Cool" (which begins with an epigraph that includes the phrase "Golden Shovel").
Writer's Digest described it as "sort of in the tradition of the cento and erasure", but with "a lot more room for creativity," while in The Kenyon Review, Dora Malech called it "a kind of reverse-acrostic variation".
Claudia Rankine noted that a golden shovel "always remains in conversation with" the poem on which it is based, while Don Share observed that golden shovels "can be quite different in subject, tone, and texture from the source poem, depending upon the ingenuity and imagination of the poet".
In a discussion at LitHub, Adam Levin stated that he considers it to be a "puzzle" that can "challenge" poets, and that in terms of difficulty it is comparable to sestina and pantoum.

## Origin

When Hayes decided that his five-year-old son should memorize "We Real Cool", the two of them recited the poem so many times that "(o)ne night, even as [Hayes] began digging for [his] own words, Brooks kept playing in [his] head. [He] decided to string the whole poem down the page and write into it."
# Abu Tawwama

Sharaf ad-Dīn Abū Tawʾamah (Arabic: شرف ٱلدِّيْن أبُو تَوْأَمَة, Bengali: আবু তাওয়ামা) was an Islamic scholar, author and muhaddith based in the subcontinent. He played a large role in disseminating Islam in eastern Bengal, establishing one of the country's first madrasas. According to A. F. M. Abdur Rahman, in addition to his proficiency in Persian and Arabic, he became well conversant in the local Old Bengali language of the time.

## Life

Abu Tawwama was born into a Sunni Muslim family from Bukhara in modern-day Uzbekistan, a city located on the Silk Road famed as a centre of scholarship. His brother was Hafiz Zayn ad-Din who he later migrated with across Greater Khorasan to study Islamic theology and the natural sciences. He is said to have married at the age of 45 and had a daughter in Bukhara. After completing his education to a good level, he decided to move to Delhi in circa 1260, where he taught for 10 years with the permission of Sultan Ghiyas ud din Balban.
In circa 1270, Abu Tawwama and his family were requested by the Sultan to move to the city of Sonargaon in Bengal, where Islam was not properly settled among the populace. Others have theorised that the reason for moving was because the Sultan of Delhi feared that the scholar's influence was becoming a threat to his dominion and so exiled Abu Tawwama to Sonargaon.
Abu Tawwama, Zaynuddin and their family then set off for Bengal, passing through Maner Sharif in Bihar where they stayed for 4 years serving alongside Yahya Maneri. Maneri's son, Ahmed Maneri, became a disciple of Abu Tawwama and joined him on the journey to Sonargaon. Having finally reached Sonargaon, Abu Tawwama established a seminary and a madrasa in the city; turning Sonargaon into a notable centre of Islamic education in the subcontinent. Ahmed Maneri studied here for 22 years as his disciple, and Abu Tawwama later gave his daughter's hand in marriage to him. They had a son called Zaki Maneri.
Abu Tawwama wrote a book on spirituality called "Maqāmat". The Persian book on Islamic jurisprudence titled Nām-i-Haq is attributed to either Abu Tawwama or one of his disciples.

## Death and legacy

Tawwama died in 1300 and was buried in a small tomb located in Mograpara, Sonargaon. The madrassah no longer exists though its ruins can be found in the Dargabari area.
# Epic (magazine)

Epic is a production and publishing company founded in 2013 by journalists Joshuah Bearman and Joshua Davis as a new venue for telling extraordinary true stories. Epic Magazine has achieved a number of entertainment deals in the film and television history .
On April 15, 2019, The Hollywood Reporter announced that the magazine was acquired by Vox Media.