OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marusankakushikaku

Marusankakushikaku (Japanese: まるさんかくしかく / 円三角四角, lit. 'circle, triangle, square'), also known as ○△□, or in English as The Universe, is a zenga by Sengai, a Japanese monk and artist, thought to have been made between 1819 and 1828. The work consists of a circle, a triangle and a square drawn in ink on paper, and has been called the "most mysterious work left by Sengai" due to its simplicity and ambiguity. It hangs in the Idemitsu Museum of Arts in Tokyo.

## Description

Marusankakushikaku consists of three simple geometric shapes, drawn freehand in ink on washi paper – from right to left, a circle (円, maru), a triangle (三角, sankaku), and a square (四角, shikaku). The circle is drawn in the darkest ink, and the square in the lightest ink. The work is 28.4 cm (11.2 in) tall and 48.1 cm (18.9 in) wide.
On the left edge of the work is Sengai's rakkan  [ja] (sign and seal) and the inscribed phrase Fusō saisho zenkutsu (扶桑最初禅窟), referring to Shōfuku-ji in Hakata, where Sengai was the chief priest. Sengai's works are typically accompanied by a eulogy, which is important in interpreting them, but Marusankakushikaku lacks one.
As Marusankakushikaku bears a stamp known to be used by Sengai in his 70s, it is estimated to have been made between 1819 and 1828. It hangs in the Idemitsu Museum of Arts in Tokyo.

## Title

The work is usually titled "○△□", with the shapes ordered from right to left, as the rakkan is on the left of the work. However, as it is thought that the shapes were drawn from left to right due to the darkness of the ink, "□△○" has been proposed as an alternative title.
In his analysis of the work, D. T. Suzuki gave it the English title "The Universe", interpreting its subject as Sengai's view of space.

## Analysis

Marusankakushikaku has been called "a unique and representative work of Sengai without any other example", composed only of simple geometric shapes. Due to its lack of a eulogy, atypical of Sengai's works, it is also described as Sengai's most difficult and mysterious work.
Suzuki described the work as representing the universe drawn by Sengai, with the circle standing for the "infinite", the triangle for the "start of all things", and the square for two triangles, meaning that the process continues indefinitely, resulting in countless events.
# John Quincy Adams (Bingham)

John Quincy Adams is a portrait painting by George Caleb Bingham.

## History

In the National Portrait Gallery's "America's Presidents" exhibit, the oil painting has been displayed next to a daguerreotype of Adams.

## Reception

In 2016, Holland Cotter of The New York Times considered the painting among the best presidential portraits. In 2020, Crispin artwell of Reason magazine wrote, "John Quincy Adams, by George Caleb Bingham, sets the chastened tone of the generation after the Founders, a beautifully flat and direct approach that contrasts favorably with the grand gestures that preceded it and with some of those that followed."
# The Nativity (Frontier)

The Nativity is a 1743 oil on canvas painting by Jean-Charles Frontier, probably commissioned by the Chartreux in Lyon and the Chartreuse du Lys Saint-Esprit. It was received in 1744 at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, exhibited at the Paris Salon the following year, and delivered to Lyon on 25 October 1746, contributing to Frontier's move to Lyon.
The white cloth at the centre brings to mind a priest's vestments (showing that Christ is prophet, priest and king) and the grave-clothes in which the dead adult Christ would be wrapped. Beams of light illuminate both Mary and Joseph, with the figure of the latter being highly influenced by Noël Hallé. The work is now in the musée de Grenoble.
# Leśniki, Lubusz Voivodeship

Leśniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Babimost, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Babimost and 32 km (20 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.
# Leśniów Wielki

Leśniów Wielki (Polish pronunciation:, German: Groß-Lessen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwieńsk, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Czerwieńsk and 15 km (9 mi) west of Zielona Góra.
# Lipinki, Lubusz Voivodeship

Lipinki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sława, within Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is located approximately 5 km (3 mi) southwest of Sława, 18 km (11 mi) west of Wschowa, and 40 km (25 mi) east of Zielona Góra.
# Stacks blockchain

Stacks, formerly Blockstack, is a layer-2 blockchain.

## History

The Blockstack project was originally founded by Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea in 2013. By 2017, Blockstack locked in two additional funding rounds totalling $4 million. In 2017, Blockstack went on to launch an initial coin offering (ICO). BlockStack PBC (now called Hiro PBC) was the first to launch a SEC qualified token offering in July 2019. The start-up spent almost a year to ensure they met the SEC qualifications.
In October 2020 the community rebranded Blockstack to Stacks.
With the introduction of the Stacks Blockchain 2.0 on 14 January 2021, Hiro PBC revoked their sole control of the network. Due to this, the Stacks token could no longer be viewed as a security under SEC Regulation A+ qualifications and filed an exit report.

## Design

At its inception, Blockstack aimed to offer solutions to the problems of internet privacy, security and data breaches (especially in cloud storage). It did so through offering a decentralized internet platform where users could completely own and control their personal information through a network of compatible browsers. With Blockstack, users have choice on what data they share with other users and applications and no longer have to upload data to an external site. By using the decentralized security Bitcoin offers, an user would receive digital private keys to create their internet identity on the Blockstack network.

## CityCoins

In 2021, the CityCoins project launched fungible tokens for the cities of Miami and New York City. In September 2021, Miami's city commissioners voted to accept the protocol treasury, valued at $21 million at the time. MiamiCoin's value crashed, and so Stacks donated $5.25M to the City of Miami.
As of March 2023, Bloomberg was reporting that CityCoin was facing a "quiet demise" as liquidity issues and a lack of interest caused both the New York City and Miami coins to be delisted from the OkCoin cryptocurrency exchange.
# Cole Turner (American football)

Nicolas "Cole" Turner (born March 16, 2000) is an American professional football tight end for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nevada Wolf Pack as a wide receiver before switching to tight end his senior season. Turner was selected by the Commanders in the fifth round of the 2022 NFL draft.

## Early life

Turner was born on March 16, 2000, in Clackamas, Oregon. He attended Clackamas High School, where he was a two-sport athlete in football and basketball. He helped lead his football team to three consecutive conference titles and a state championship in 2017. He led the state of Oregon in receiving as a senior in 2017 with 76 receptions for 1,325 yards and 20 touchdowns, earning him all-state honors.

## College career

Turner enrolled at the University of Nevada, Reno in 2018 and appeared in 12 games as a freshman for the Nevada Wolf Pack football team as a wide receiver. He transitioned to tight end as a sophomore in 2020, where he was given first-team All-Mountain West Conference honors after recording nine touchdown catches and finishing second on the team in catches (49) and receiving yards (605) behind Romeo Doubs. As a senior in 2021, he was named to the All-Mountain West second-team after making 10 touchdown catches, which was tied for second in the nation among tight ends behind Georgia's Brock Bowers. He played in the 2022 Senior Bowl.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1.99 m) | 249 lb (113 kg) | 33 in (0.84 m) | 9+7⁄8 in (0.25 m) | 4.76 s | 1.71 s | 2.74 s | 4.33 s | 7.06 s | 29.0 in (0.74 m) | 10 ft 0 in (3.05 m) | 17 reps |
| Sources: ||||||||||||
Turner was drafted by the Washington Commanders in the fifth round (149th overall) of the 2022 NFL draft and signed his four-year rookie contract on May 6, 2022. He was waived by the team on August 27, 2024, and joined their practice squad the following day. On January 28, 2025, Turner signed a reserve/future contract with the Commanders.

## Personal life

Turner's given name is Nicolas but has preferred going by Cole since childhood.
# Laura Tremosa

Laura Tremosa Bonavia (born 1937, Espolla, Catalonia) is a Spanish industrial engineer and feminist. She studied mechanical engineering at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona, and earned her doctorate in the same field at the UPC in 1964. She was the first Catalan woman, and the second Spanish woman who qualified in industrial engineering.

## Selected works

* La robòtica a la indústria catalana (1989)
* La Mujer ante el desafío tecnológico (1986)
# East Tennessee and Western North Carolina 12

East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad No. 12, also known as Tweetsie Railroad No. 12, is a narrow-gauge 10-26-D class 4-6-0 "Ten Wheeler" type steam locomotive located near Blowing Rock, North Carolina.

## History

No. 12 was built in February 1917 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad. After retirement in 1940, the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad ceased operations in 1950 and No. 12 is the only one of the railroad's narrow-gauge engines still in existence. It was sold to the Shenandoah Central in 1952 where it was restored in 1953 and continued to operate in service until its second retirement in 1954.
No. 12 was put up for sale again and was later sold to the Tweetsie Railroad theme park in 1957, where it received a full restoration and began pulling excursion trains around the park on July 4, 1957. Today, No. 12 continues to operate at the Tweetsie Railroad along with former White Pass and Yukon Route 2-8-2 No. 190.
The locomotive became listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
# Grassy Hill Natural Area Preserve

Grassy Hill Natural Area Preserve is a 1,440-acre (5.8 km$^2$) Natural Area Preserve located in Franklin County, Virginia, just to the west of the town of Rocky Mount. The site is composed of rocky slopes with various hardwood species and patches of Virginia pine. Shallow basic soils, typified by heavy clay, are found among bedrock outcrops rich in magnesium. Rare woodland communities live upon these substrates, and numerous rare plants may be found within grassy forest clearings near the summit. Evidence at the preserve suggests that the majority of the site was once more open, and may have historically been maintained through a natural fire regime that has been suppressed during modern times.
The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and is open to the public. Public facilities at the preserve include 6.6 miles (10.6 km) of hiking trails, educational signs, parking, and a kiosk.
# Plumb bob

A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum. It is typically made of stone, wood, or lead, but can also be made of other metals. If it is used for decoration, it may be made of bone or ivory.
The instrument has been used since at least the time of ancient Egypt to ensure that constructions are "plumb", or vertical. It is also used in surveying, to establish the nadir (opposite of zenith) with respect to gravity of a point in space. It is used with a variety of instruments (including levels, theodolites, and steel tapes) to set the instrument exactly over a fixed survey marker or to transcribe positions onto the ground for placing a marker.

## Etymology

The plumb in plumb bob derives from Latin plumbum ('lead'), the material once used for the weighted bob at the end. The adjective plumb developed by extension, as did the noun aplomb, from the notion of "standing upright".

## Use

Until the modern age, plumb bobs were used on most tall structures to provide vertical datum lines for the building measurements. A section of the scaffolding would hold a plumb line, which was centered over a datum mark on the floor. As the building proceeded upward, the plumb line would also be taken higher, still centered on the datum. Many cathedral spires, domes and towers still have brass datum marks inlaid into their floors, which signify the center of the structure above.
A plumb bob and line alone can determine only a vertical reference. However, if they are mounted on a suitable scale the instrument may also be used as an inclinometer to measure angles to the vertical.
Ancient Egyptians used a plumb line attached to the top outer part of a tool resembling a letter E; when placed against a wall, the plumb line would indicate a vertical line. An archipendulum, an A-frame level with a plumb line hung from the vertex was also used to find horizontal; these were used in Europe until the mid–19th century. A variation of this tool has the plumb line hung from the top of an inverted T shape.
The early skyscrapers used heavy plumb bobs, hung on wire in their elevator shafts.
A plumb bob may be in a container of water (when conditions are above freezing temperatures), molasses, very viscous oils or other liquids to dampen any swinging movement, functioning as a shock absorber.

### Determining center of gravity of an irregular shape

Students of figure drawing will also make use of a plumb line to find the vertical axis through the center of gravity of their subject and lay it down on paper as a point of reference. The device used may be purpose-made plumb lines, or simply makeshift devices made from a piece of string and a weighted object, such as a metal washer. This plumb line is important for lining up anatomical geometries and visualizing the subject's center of balance.
# Osek, Nova Gorica

Osek (pronounced; Italian: Ossecca Vittuglia) is a village in western Slovenia in the Municipality of Nova Gorica. It is located in the Vipava Valley in the Gorizia region of the Slovene Littoral.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.
# Kyshawn George

Kyshawn Shanty Alonzo George (born 12 December 2003) is a Swiss Canadian professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Miami Hurricanes.

## Early life and career

George was born on 12 December 2003 and grew up in Monthey, Switzerland. He was part of the team that won the Swiss U16 basketball championship in 2016. He later moved to France and played four years with the club Élan Chalon.
George played mainly for the U18 team from 2019–20 to 2020–21 before then playing for the U21 team in 2021–22 and 2022–23, also spending time with the first-team squad in his last season. He averaged 11.1 points and two rebounds per game in 2021–22 and had 17.6 points, 6.5 rebounds, 3.8 assists and 2.4 steals per game with the team in 2022–23, being named first-team All-U21 Espoir Pro B. With the first team, he averaged 2.9 points and appeared in 16 games in 2022–23.
George attended Lycée Emiland Gauthey in Chalon-sur-Saône, France. He had a growth spurt in high school, going from a height of 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) to 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) and 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) by the time he entered college. He committed to play college basketball in the United States for the Miami Hurricanes in April 2023, being ranked a three-star prospect.

## College career

Initially a backup, George became a starter midway through his freshman season at Miami due to injuries and soon became a top player, receiving attention as a potential 2024 NBA draft prospect. Following his freshman season, he declared for the 2024 NBA draft and received a green room invite.

## Professional career
### Washington Wizards (2024–present)

On June 26, 2024, George was selected with the 24th overall pick by the New York Knicks in the 2024 NBA draft; however, immediately on draft night, he was traded for the 26th and 51st overall picks in the 2024 draft. On July 6, he signed with the Wizards.

## National team career

At age 13, George played for the Switzerland men's national under-16 basketball team. He later played six games for the team at the 2019 FIBA U16 European Championship Division B.

## Career statistics
### College

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2023–24 | Miami | 31 | 16 | 23.0 | .426 | .408 | .778 | 3.0 | 2.2 | .9 | .4 | 7.6 |

## Personal life

George holds Canadian citizenship from his father Deon, a Canadian national that played basketball professionally in Switzerland.
# Šmaver, Nova Gorica

Šmaver (pronounced; Italian: San Mauro) is a settlement on the right bank of the Soča River north of Solkan in the Municipality of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia.

## Name

Locally, Šmaver is known as Štamaver or Šentmaver.

## History

The actual settlement of San Mauro remained in Italy, whereas the area of Šmaver with the eastern slopes of Mount Sabotin, now without any permanent residents, was annexed to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1947.
# Zalošče

Zalošče (pronounced) is a village in western Slovenia in the Municipality of Nova Gorica. It is located in the lower Vipava Valley in the Gorizia region of the Slovene Littoral.

## History

In the northern part of the village, there is a large building that used to be a monastery in the 16th and 17th centuries. There is an Austro-Hungarian military cemetery from the First World War on a small hill next to Saint Lawrence's Church. The individual grave markers are no longer present, and only the central monument remains.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and belongs to the Parish of Dornberk.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Zalošče include:
* Rafael Rojic (1844–1927), physician and politician
* Ivan Rejec (1878–1958), sociologist and translator
# Takeo Kanade

Takeo Kanade (金出 武雄, Kanade Takeo, born October 24, 1945 in Hyōgo) is a Japanese computer scientist and one of the world's foremost researchers in computer vision. He is U.A. and Helen Whitaker Professor at Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science. He has approximately 300 peer-reviewed academic publications and holds around 20 patents.

## Honors and achievements

* In 1990 he was an inaugural Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
* In 1997, he was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering for contributions to computer vision and robotics.
* In 1997, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* In 1999 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
* In 2008 Kanade received the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
* A special event called TK60: Celebrating Takeo Kanade's vision was held to commemorate his 60th birthday. This event was attended by prominent computer vision researchers.
* Elected member of American Association of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics Society of Japan, and Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan
* Marr Prize, 1990 for the paper Shape from Interreflections which he co-authored with Shree K. Nayar and Katsushi Ikeuchi
* Longuet-Higgins Prize for lasting contribution in computer vision at
** CVPR 2006 for the paper "Neural Network-Based Face Detection" coauthored with H. Rowley and S. Baluja
** CVPR 2008 for the paper "Probabilistic modeling of local appearance and spatial relationships for object recognition" coauthored with H Schneiderman
* The other awards he has received include the C&C Award, the Joseph Engelberger Award, FIT Funai Accomplishment Award, the Allen Newell Research Excellence Award, and the JARA Award.
* He has served for many government, industrial, and university advisory boards, including the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) of the National Research Council, NASA's Advanced Technology Advisory Committee, PITAC Panel for Transforming Healthcare Panel, and the Advisory Board of Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
* In 2016 Kanade received the Kyoto Prize in Information Sciences.
* In 2019 he was the recipient of Armenia's Global High-Tech Award.
* In 2023 he was awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award.

## Notable works

* Lucas–Kanade method
* One of the earliest face detectors
* Tomasi–Kanade factorization method
* Virtualized Reality
* Multi-baseline stereo and the world's first full-image video-rate stereo machine
* VLSI computational sensors
* Shape recovery from line drawings (known as Origami World theory and skew symmetry)
* Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi feature tracker
# Tsévié

Tsévié is a city and canton in the Maritime Region of Togo. It is situated 32 km north of the capital Lomé and at the 2010 Census had a population of 54,474. The city is inhabited primarily by Ewe people. It is the capital of the prefecture of Zio and the Maritime Region.
The town is an important market centre for trading and is noted for its palm oil processing. Tsévié has road and railway links with Notsé, Atakpamé, and Blitta to the north and with Lomé to the south. The inhabitants of the city used to worship idols, but now many follow Christianity. Their traditional celebration is Ayizan, in which they demonstrate their old traditions, but now use this celebration as a symbol for unity and peace. Tsevie is a developing city that attracts many tourists.

## Climate

Climate data for Tsevie (1991-2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.6 (0.42) | 34.1 (1.34) | 113.0 (4.45) | 127.1 (5.00) | 132.9 (5.23) | 161.0 (6.34) | 102.1 (4.02) | 41.8 (1.65) | 134.3 (5.29) | 140.5 (5.53) | 53.0 (2.09) | 12.1 (0.48) | 1,062.5 (41.83) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 0.9 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 69.3 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Twin towns – sister cities

Tsévié is twinned with:
* Parthenay, France, since 1990
* Plainfaing, France, since 2015

## Notable people

* Adjoavi Trenou, activist and politician (1921–2008)
* Bella Bellow, singer (1945–1973)
* Kuami Agboh, football player
* Cyril Guedjé, football player