OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artur Markowicz

Artur Markowicz (1872 – 1934) was a Jewish realist painter and graphic artist born in Podgórze district of Kraków (Cracow), Poland. He is best known for his numerous pastels of street scenes in the historic Jewish town of Kazimierz – now one of the largest central districts of Kraków. His works can be found at the National Museum in Gdańsk, Kraków, Warsaw, and in other state museums in Poland and Israel.

## Biography

He was born to a family of merchants and began his higher education with technical studies, but soon abandoned them, studying instead with professors Leopold Loeffler, Florian Cynk and Jan Matejko at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts in 1886–1895. From 1896 until 1903 he lived in Germany and studied art at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich with Franz Stuck. Then he went to Paris, finishing at the École des Beaux-Arts with Jean-Léon Gérôme. He also exhibited his paintings at the Salons of 1900, 1901, 1903 and 1904.
Markowicz returned to Kraków in 1904 and set up a studio in the historic district of Kazimierz. He traveled to Jerusalem in 1907–1908 where the Bezalel Academy had just opened, then to other parts of Europe until 1914. He was also a member of the "Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts" and the "Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts". After 1930, he was the honorary President of the "Jewish Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts".
His Jewish scenes and character-studies show a unique originality of his style influenced by symbolism with elements of expressionism. Markowicz died in Kraków in 1934 at the age of 62, and is buried at the local New Jewish Cemetery.

## Selected paintings

* Portrait of His Wife
* Ray of Sunlight in the Streets of Brugge
* Blessing of the New Moon
* Chess Players
# Premium Action

Premium Action was an Italian pay television channel owned by Mediaset through his pay Mediaset Premium offer.
It shut down on 10 January 2022.

## History

The channel was originally born as Steel on the Mediaset Premium platform, owned by NBCUniversal collaborating with Mediaset. Premium Action was born following a reorganization of the platform, in which Mediaset assumes the control and inherits the content broadcast and aiming for more action character films and series. The channel began broadcast on 1 April 2013 with the special Ultra. Premium Stories
On 23 June 2015, following changes to the platform, the HD version and the timeshift +24 started, and the SD version was closed. On 19 April 2018, the channel continues broadcasting in SD.
On 1 June 2018, the +24 version was closed and moves to channels 316 and 460.
Since 1 June 2018, the channel is available on Infinity in the section "Live Channels".
Since 4 June 2018, the channel is available on Sky on channel 125.
Since April 2019, the channel is available on Sky Go.
Since 1 June 2019, following the closure of Mediaset Premium, the channel continues its broadcast on Infinity and Sky.
Since 1 April 2021, the channel is available also in HD on Sky Go.
Since 8 April 2021, following the merger of Infinity and Mediaset Play, the channel is available on Infinity+.
On 10 January 2022, the channel, along with other Mediaset pay channels, end its broadcast.

## Programming
### Final Programming

Source:
* The 100
* Arrow
* The Brave
* Childhood's End
* Gotham
* The Last Kingdom
* Mr. Robot
* Supergirl
* Supernatural
* The Vampire Diaries

### Former Programming

* 666 Park Avenue
* Agent X
* American Odyssey
* Alcatraz
* Almost Human
* Batwoman
* Believe
* Blood Drive
* Breakout Kings
* Chicago Fire
* Chuck
* Constantine
* Covert Affairs
* Cult
* Do No Harm
* The Flash
* Fringe
* Grimm
* Heroes
* Heroes Reborn
* iZombie
* Krypton
* Legends of Tomorrow
* Lucifer
* Moonlight
* Nikita
* The Originals
* Orphan Black
* Rescue: Special Ops
* Revolution
* Smallvile
* Spooks
* Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
* The Tomorrow People
* Transporter: The Series
* Undercover
* V (2009 TV series)
* Veritas: The Quest
# Chris McKenna (writer)

Chris McKenna is an American television writer, film producer, screenwriter, and television producer. He has written for American Dad!, Community, and The Mindy Project, and part of the first Marvel Cinematic Universe Spider-Man trilogy (2017–2021).

## Early life

McKenna attended The Bishop's School in La Jolla, California.

## Career

McKenna was an uncredited writer on the 2004 film The Girl Next Door, having developed the screenplay with director Luke Greenfield. He was denied credit by the WGA arbitration process.
McKenna wrote some of Community's most critically acclaimed episodes, including "Paradigms of Human Memory", "Conspiracy Theories and Interior Design", and the Emmy- and Hugo-nominated "Remedial Chaos Theory". He also co-wrote (along with his brother Matt McKenna) one of the most acclaimed episodes of American Dad!, "Rapture's Delight".
During his time as a writer for American Dad, he met Erik Sommers, who would later become his writing partner. Together they have since written for The Lego Batman Movie (2017), co-writing Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and its sequels, Far From Home (2019) and No Way Home (2021), along with Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018).
Having worked with the Russo brothers on the sitcom Community, McKenna contributed to the script of Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) by writing jokes for the film. In Feb 2024, McKenna joined the cast of General Hospital, portraying WSB agent Jack Brennan, replacing Charles Mesure in the role.
McKenna is set to write the fourth Marvel Studios Spider-Man film along with his writing partner Erik Sommers. The film will be directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and will be released on July 31, 2026.

## Filmography
### Film

Writer
* Igor (2008)
* The Lego Batman Movie (2017)
* Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)
* Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017)
* Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)
* Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019)
* Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)
* Ghosted (2023)
* Untitled Spider-Man: No Way Home Sequel (2026)
Assistant
* The Thing Called Love (1993)
* Little Miss Millions (1993) (Production assistant)
* Greedy (1994)
* Grumpier Old Men (1995)
Executive producer
* Registered Sex Offender (2008)
Producer
* Lousy Carter (2023)
Special thanks
* Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)

### Television

| Year | Title | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 2005–2011 | American Dad! | Yes | Yes | Also staff writer, story editor, executive story editor and supervising producer |
| 2010–2015 | Community | Yes | Executive | Nominated–Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing ("Remedial Chaos Theory") Nominated–Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation – Short Form Nominated–Online Film & Television Association Television Award for Best Writing |
| 2012–2014 | The Mindy Project | Yes | Co-executive | Nominated–Writers Guild of America Award for Television: New Series |
# Herefordshire County Cricket Club

Herefordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Herefordshire. The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Herefordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1995 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

## Grounds

The club plays matches around the county at Brockhampton CC, Colwall CC, and Eastnor CC. Matches were also played at Kington CC, Luctonians CC in Kingsland near Leominster, and Dales CC in Leominster in the past. (see List of Herefordshire County Cricket Club grounds)

## Honours

* Minor Counties Championship (0) – ; shared (1) – 2002
* MCCA Knockout Trophy (2) – 2000 and 2016

## Earliest cricket

Cricket probably reached Herefordshire in the 18th century, though possibly earlier. The earliest reference to cricket in the county is dated 1823.

## Origin of club

A county club was founded in 1836 but no longer exists. The present county club was formed in 1992, with it joining the Minor Counties Championship in the same year as a replacement for Durham who had been elevated to the County Championship at the end of the previous season.

## Club history

Herefordshire has won the Minor Counties Championship once, sharing the title with Norfolk in 2002. The county only joined the competition in 1992, replacing Durham, who were promoted to first-class status in the same year.
Herefordshire has won the MCCA Knockout Trophy twice since its inception in 1983. It won it in 2000 and 2016.

## Notable players

    See List of Herefordshire CCC players and Category:Herefordshire cricketers
The following Herefordshire born or Herefordshire CCC cricketers made an impact on the first-class game:
England players born in Herefordshire:
* Reg Perks
* Peter Richardson
* Dick Richardson
* Jack Sharp
England players who played for Herefordshire CCC
* Martin McCague After conclusion of first-class career
* Neal Radford After conclusion of first-class career
* Chris Woakes Before start of first-class career
First-class players
* Steve Adshead
* Mohammad Ali
* Kevin Cooper
* Ismail Dawood
* Naved-ul-Hasan Played for Pakistan
* Harvey Trump
* Alvin Kallicharan Played for West Indies
# PPS.tv

PPS.tv (PPStream) is a Chinese peer-to-peer streaming video network software. Since the target users are on the Chinese mainland, there is no official English version, and the vast majority of channels are from East Asia, mostly Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore. Programmes vary from Chinese movies to Japanese anime, sports channels, as well as popular American TV and films.
It had an 8.9% market share in China in Q3 2010, placing it third, behind Youku and Tudou. In May 2013, the online video business of PPS.tv was purchased by Baidu for $370 million. After the acquisition, PPS.tv continued to operate as a sub-brand under iQIYI, Baidu's online video platform.

## Applications

However, the nature of peer to peer serving means that each user of the system is also a server. The upload speed of standard home broadband connections is usually a fraction of the download speed, so several upload sources may be required by each additional peer. Additionally, on services with high contention ratios or poorly configured switches, large numbers of people attempting to use the service may slow all internet usage to unusable speeds. Acting as an upload server to the limit of one's uploads, bandwidth increases the round trip time for webpage requests, making web browsing while using PPS.tv difficult.
# Nur-Pashi Kulayev

Nur-Pashi Aburkashevich Kulayev (Russian: Нурпаша́ Абурка́шевич Кула́ев; born 28 October 1980) is a Chechen terrorist and the sole survivor of the 32 hostage-takers in the 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis. A native of Nozhay-Yurtovsky District, Chechnya, Kulayev was a 24-year-old unemployed carpenter at the time of the attack. His brother Han-Pashi Kulayev had formerly served as bodyguard for Shamil Basayev.

## Trial

Kulayev's trial began in Vladikavkaz on 17 May 2005, with prosecutors General Nikolai Shepel and Maria Semisynova seeking life imprisonment on charges of terrorism, murder and hostage-taking on behalf of 1,343 plaintiffs. The trial judge was Tamerlan Aguzarov, and Kulayev was defended by Umar Sikoyev and Albert Pliyev, the latter of whom had only practised law for just two weeks prior to being appointed by the state.
His defense lay in the claim that he was one of the recruited Chechens who were told they would be attacking a military checkpoint, and had no foreknowledge their target was the Beslan school. The Sydney Morning Herald has been criticized for titling Kulayev the "Timid Guerilla" and referring to him as "more sheepish than sinister."
About a month later, the Mothers of Beslan spawned a new group dubbed the Voice of Beslan, which was considered more radical than the former.
On 16 December 2005, Valery Andreyev, chief of the North Ossetian Federal Security Service (FSB) at the time of the hostage-taking, testified that he had personally given the order to overrun the school during the siege. Four days later it was announced that Alexander Dzasokhov, the former leader of North Ossetia, would testify at Kulayev's trial. His presence was demanded by the Mothers of Beslan.

## Verdict

On 16 February 2006, the trial concluded, pending a verdict due 1 July. The Mothers of Beslan reportedly requested the death penalty for Kulayev while the Voice of Beslan lobbied against it. The reading of the verdict began on 16 May 2006, and Kulayev was sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Imprisonment

Kulayev was imprisoned in a high-security prison on the small lake island of Ognenny Ostrov in the Vologda region. According to one source, he has been given a new name to protect him from possible retaliation by other inmates. The Vologda Colony authorities refused to comment, saying it was secret information.
Kulayev's appeals, which had the support of some of the Beslan mothers, were turned down, and his life sentence was upheld in December 2006. He did not appear in the court.
In January 2007 the head of the Beslan commission asked the Chief Administration for Penitentiary Service of Russia to confirm or refute the assumption that Kulayev was dead. The Federal Punishment Execution Service refuted this, saying he was in "investigatory custody awaiting delivery for serving his punishment".
In September 2021, Kulayev again appealed against his conviction, citing irregularities during the trial as well as shoddy work from his former lawyer Albert Pliyev. In 2022, having been rejected, Kulayev again requested a review of the case.
# Jackson Bostwick

Jackson Leonard Bostwick Jr. (born October 23, 1943) is an American actor, theatre director and film producer. He is best known for portraying Captain Marvel in the first season and beginning of the second season of the Shazam! television series in 1974–1975.

## Early life and education

Bostwick was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. His father, Jackson Leonard Bostwick Sr., was a neurosurgeon in Montgomery, Alabama. A photo of Bostwick's parents is seen in a movie in which he starred, The Prey.
Bostwick studied pre-med at the University of Alabama, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. He also holds a Master of Fine Arts degree from University of Southern California, having been one of the original students in the program.
He studied under acting coach Lurene Tuttle and eventually taught classes of hers.

## Career

Bostwick was a contestant on the television game show The Dating Game.
He played the lead character role of Captain Marvel on the Saturday morning television series Shazam! and performed his own stunts. However, he was dismissed from the cast of Shazam! two installments into the second season and replaced in the role by John Davey. Bostwick had not shown up for a day's shooting, and the producers, Louis Scheimer and Norman Prescott, accused him of holding out for a higher salary. Bostwick explained that he had sustained an injury during the previous day's filming and had gone to seek medical treatment. In an interview, he stated, "I was at the doctor's office having my face and eye examined for an injury that I incurred doing a stunt on the previous day (during the filming of a flying takeoff sequence where the stunt boxes hadn't been reset properly)." He successfully litigated against Filmation Associates, which was forced to pay him for the remainder of his contract, plus residuals, including the entire second season.
Bostwick appeared in several minor movie roles in the 1980s, such as a sentry in My Science Project and a guard in Tron. He played park ranger Mark O'Brien in the horror film The Prey (1984). Bostwick later returned to Alabama and taught theater at Auburn University where he directed several plays, including The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. He occasionally appeared in films in the 1990s and 2000s.
Bostwick is the founder of the L.A. (Lower Alabama) Film Group and the MIT (Made [mostly] In Tennessee) Film Group, two independent "off-Hollywood" motion-picture and television production companies.

## Personal life

Bostwick has trained in Jeet Kune Do and Wing-Chun kung fu. He also plays the banjo.
# Changa (album)

Changa is the fifth studio album by Australian electronic trio Pnau. It was released on 10 November 2017 by the independent label etcetc. It follows their 2012 remix album in collaboration with Elton John, Good Morning to the Night, and is their first studio album since Soft Universe (2011). It is also their first album as a trio, with vocalist and co-founder Nick Littlemore's brother Sam Littlemore joining in 2016.
The album was preceded by the lead single "Chameleon" in November 2016, which reached number four on the ARIA Singles Chart, and number 11 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2016. It features vocals by Kira Divine. It has received over 85 million streams on Spotify and been certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association. On 25 August, Pnau released three more tracks in promotion of the album: "Into the Sky", "Young Melody" featuring Vera Blue, and "Control Your Body", with "Into the Sky" debuting on Triple J. Divine also lent vocals to "Control Your Body". "Into the Sky" was accompanied by a video of Nick Littlemore as a floating head set against psychedelic visuals. "Go Bang" was released as a single on 27 October.
In the lead-up to the album's release, the trio embarked on an Australian tour, performing at the Listen Out festival in Sydney on 30 September, and at the Adelaide dance event Oh Yes.
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, Changa was nominated for Album of the Year.

## Music and themes

Upon its release, Mixmag compared "Young Melody" to the "smooth lounge vibes of PNAU's sublime debut LP Sambanova". Pnau said of "Into the Sky": "It is a song that wrote itself. We like to think that it captures the ambition, angst and ambivalence we held as teenagers." Nick Littlemore commented that the trio had been influenced by Happy Mondays for the song. Al Newstead of ABC called "Into the Sky" a "fuzzy, distorted drum heavy track that [...] tak[es] inspiration from the 'Madchester' '90s dance scene". He also labeled "Young Melody" a "blissful dance" track, and noted the "4am rave vibes" of "Control Your Body". Amnplify described "Control Your Body" as having "enigmatic instrumentation and vocals before settling into a deep rhythmic groove – a true acid workout and a nostalgic homage to the bands [sic] formative rave days".
"Chameleon" was additionally called a "festival favourite and dance floor anthem".

## Album title

The album is named after Changa, the DMT-infused smokeable form of ayahuasca.

## Track listing

Notes
* Tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10 feature vocals by Kira Divine.
* The bonus tracks from the 2018 tour edition came from their previous album Pnau.

## Charts

Chart performance for Changa :
| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 11 |
| Australian Dance Albums (ARIA) | 1 |
| New Zealand Heatseeker Albums (RMNZ) | 5 |
# Ton Pentre railway station

Ton Pentre railway station is a railway station serving the village of Ton Pentre in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It is located on the Rhondda Line.

## History

The station was opened by the Taff Vale Railway (TVR) on 4 February 1861. The TVR amalgamated with the Great Western Railway at the start of 1922, and the GWR renamed the station Ystrad (Rhondda) in December 1930. On 29 September 1986, the station was renamed Ton Pentre, when new station buildings were opened.

## Services

Monday-Saturday, there is a half-hourly service to Cardiff Central southbound and to Treherbert northbound. There is an hourly service in the late evening and a two-hourly service in each direction on Sundays. On 20 July 2018, previous franchise operator Arriva Trains Wales announced a trial period of extra Sunday services on the Rhondda Line to Cardiff and Barry Island. This was in response to a survey by Leanne Wood and the success of extra Sunday services on the Merthyr Line and the Rhymney Line.
The service from this station is currently (summer 2023) suspended, due to major route upgrade work being carried out at multiple locations as part of the Valley Lines electrification scheme. A replacement bus service is in operation from here to Pontypridd and to Treherbert, calling at all local stations until February 2024
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Ystrad Rhondda | | Transport for Wales Rhondda Line | | Treorchy |
# Deplorable Word

The Deplorable Word, as used by author C. S. Lewis in The Chronicles of Narnia, is a fictional magical curse which ends all life on a world except that of the one who speaks it.

## Background

In The Magician's Nephew, the children who are the central characters, Digory Kirke and Polly Plummer, come to a lifeless world called Charn. In an ancient, ruined building they awaken a queen called Jadis. She tells them of a worldwide civil war she fought against her sister. All of Jadis's armies were defeated, having been made to fight to the death of the last soldier, and her sister claimed victory. Then Jadis spoke the horrible curse which her sister knew she had discovered but did not think she would use. In speaking the Deplorable Word, Jadis killed every living thing in her world, except herself, to avoid losing the war to her sister.
The children are shocked by this account, but Jadis has no regrets or remorse. The past rulers of her race, who evidently had not always been evil, knew of the Deplorable Word's existence but not the word itself, and had vowed that none of them, nor their descendants, would seek to discover it. Jadis said she had “learned it in a secret place and paid a terrible price to learn it".
Lewis did not say what the word was, or the price paid to learn it.

## Meaning

The book was written in 1955 during the Cold War, ten years after the first atomic weapons were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, and three years after the hydrogen bomb was first detonated. Lewis does not explicitly link the Deplorable Word to any specific weapon of mass destruction, but he alludes to the power of humanity to destroy life. Near the end of the story Lewis has the lion Aslan say to the central characters from the Victorian era:
   It is not certain that some wicked one of your race will not find out a secret as evil as the Deplorable Word and use it to destroy all living things. And soon, very soon, before you are an old man and an old woman, great nations of your world will be ruled by tyrants who care no more for joy and justice and mercy than the Empress Jadis. Let your world beware. That is the warning.
Several writers have interpreted this warning as an allusion to atomic weapons.