OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of number-one songs of 2024 (Singapore)

This is a list of the Singapore Top 30 Digital Streaming number-one songs in 2024, according to the Recording Industry Association Singapore.

## Chart history

| Issue Date | Song | Artist(s) |
| 4 January | "Seven" | Jungkook featuring Latto |
| 11 January | "Greedy" | Tate McRae |
| 18 January | "Yes, And?" | Ariana Grande |
| 25 January | "Viva la Vida" | Coldplay |
| 1 February | "Yellow" | Coldplay |
| 8 February | "Yellow" | Coldplay |
| 15 February | "Cruel Summer" | Taylor Swift |
| 22 February | "Cruel Summer" | Taylor Swift |
| 29 February | "Easy" | Le Sserafim |
| 7 March | "Cruel Summer" | Taylor Swift |
| 14 March | "Cruel Summer" | Taylor Swift |
| 21 March | "We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)" | Ariana Grande |
| 28 March | "We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)" | Ariana Grande |
| 4 April | "Magnetic" | Illit |
| 11 April | "Magnetic" | Illit |
| 18 April | "Magnetic" | Illit |
| 25 April | "Fortnight" | Taylor Swift feat. Post Malone |
| 2 May | "Fortnight" | Taylor Swift feat. Post Malone |
| 9 May | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 16 May | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 23 May | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 30 May | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 6 June | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 13 June | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 20 June | "Please Please Please" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 27 June | "Please Please Please" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 4 July | "Espresso" | Sabrina Carpenter |
| 11 July | "Birds of a Feather" | Billie Eilish |
| 18 July | "Birds of a Feather" | Billie Eilish |
| 25 July | "Birds of a Feather" | Billie Eilish |
| 1 August | "Who" | Jimin |
| 8 August | "Who" | Jimin |
| 15 August | "Who" | Jimin |
| 22 August | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 29 August | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 5 September | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 12 September | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 19 September | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 26 September | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 3 October | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 10 October | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 17 October | "Die with a Smile" | Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars |
| 24 October | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 31 October | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 7 November | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 14 November | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 21 November | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 28 November | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 5 December | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 12 December | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 19 December | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |
| 26 December | "Apt." | Rosé and Bruno Mars |

## Number-one artists

List of number-one artists by total weeks at number one :
| Position | Artist | Weeks at No. 1 |
| 1 | Bruno Mars | 19 |
| 2 | Rosé | 10 |
| 3 | Sabrina Carpenter | 9 |
| 3 | Lady Gaga | 9 |
| 4 | Taylor Swift | 6 |
| 5 | Coldplay | 3 |
| 5 | Ariana Grande | 3 |
| 5 | Billie Eilish | 3 |
| 5 | Jimin | 3 |
| 6 | Jungkook | 1 |
| 6 | Latto | 1 |
| 6 | Tate McRae | 1 |
# Joseba

Joseba is a Basque name meaning Joseph. It is also a Basque translation of the Spanish name Jose. When translating Jose Antonio into Basque, for example, the result would be Joseba Andoni.

## Football players

* Joseba Etxeberria
* Joseba Llorente Etxarri
* Joseba del Olmo
* Joseba Garmendia
* Joseba Arriaga

## Bicycle racers

* Joseba Zubeldia
* Joseba Albizu
* Joseba Beloki

## Writers

* Bernardo Atxaga (real name: Joseba Irazu Garmendia)
* Joseba Sarrionandia, writer and member of ETA

## Other

* Joseba Elosegi
# Otter Hole

Otter Hole is perhaps one of the best decorated caves in Britain. Located on the Wales–England border just north of Chepstow, the cave runs from the banks of the tidal River Wye under the Chepstow Racecourse and onwards through various chambers, each rich with cave formations. Because of its importance as one of the finest examples of decorated caverns in Europe, access is restricted and is managed by the Royal Forest of Dean Caving Club on behalf of the landowner.

## Description

The entrance to the cave is on the banks of the Wye through a gated doorway at the foot of a bluff. This is locked as a precaution against illegal entry to the cave, to protect the rare forms inside the cave and to prevent anyone wandering into the cave and being trapped accidentally as the cave floods with the tide.
After a short crawl with few squeezes the passage opens out to a 'beach' where the tidal sump blocks access. At low tide this sump drains quickly and noisily, becoming passable as a 'duck' beneath a 'figure 8' double opening. The frequency of the tidal sump means that two trips are possible: a 'between tide trip' lasting around 6 hours will enter just after the sump drains and leave just before it fills, or the 'overtide trip' the sump is passed just before closing giving between 9 and 15 hours' caving time.
Continuing past the sump, a fairly linear route leads along the active streamway, eventually reaching a pool in which many choose to remove some of the thick estuarine mud that could otherwise sully the delicate formations. Beyond a few boulder chokes are many well-decorated chambers and eventually the Hall of 30. This is the largest of the chambers, filled with many monumental stalagmites in a range of colours from pure white, through oranges and yellows, to pure black. The range of colours is caused by the variety of minerals seeping through the bedrock and being deposited in the formations. Whites are the natural calcium carbonate forms, while elements such as arsenic create the black forms.
The formations continue beyond the Hall of 30 until the passage changes character once more at the junction of Tunnels Left and Right. Camp is generally considered to be the far back of the cave, again full of wonderful formations such as straws, helictites and pom poms. The return journey takes you back through the Hall of 30 and along the streamway towards the sump.

## Conservation

Because of the unique collection of formations at Otter Hole, access is limited, with bookings for trips taken well in advance through the Otter Hole Secretary. Those taking part in trips may be asked to participate in some of the conservation work that is carried out, such as cleaning the stals and drapes, laying tape or simply cleaning up any rubbish found. All trips are run with wardens from the Royal Forest of Dean Caving Club, who are there to both guide and control impact on the area.
The cave is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), GCR number 550.
# Asara District

Asara District (Persian: بخش آسارا) is in Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Asara.

## History

In 2009, three villages merged in the formation of the city of Asara. In 2010, the county was separated from Tehran province in the establishment of Alborz province.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 18,856 in 5,407 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 17,150 people in 5,977 households.

### Administrative divisions

Asara District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2016 |
| Adaran RD | 8,995 | 7,679 |
| Asara RD | 3,780 | 3,063 |
| Nesa RD | 6,081 | 5,069 |
| Asara (city) | | 1,339 |
| Total | 18,856 | 17,150 |
| RD = Rural District |||
# DOA: Death of Amar

DOA: Death of Amar is a 2014 Hindi-language Bollywood film. It Stars Rajeev Khandelwal, Zareen Khan and Prashant Narayanan. The film received its world premiere on 16 August 2014 as an official selection at the 22nd San Francisco Global Movie Fest and won the Audience Choice Award. The film was also awarded for Best Original Score. The film is produced by Remo D'Souza and directed by Param Gill. The story revolves around a struggling actor who is poisoned and has few hours to live. He must find out who killed him and why.

## Cast

* Rajeev Khandelwal as Actor
* Zareen Khan as Journalist
* Prashant Narayanan as Mafia Don
* Murli Sharma as Cop
# Collen

Collen was a 7th-century monk who gave his name to Llangollen (from the Welsh llan meaning 'enclosure' and gollen being a mutation of "Collen").
Collen is said to have served for some time abroad as a soldier. He later arrived in Llangollen by coracle and founded a church beside the river there. As there are no other churches in Wales dedicated to Collen, it is possible that this Saint Collen may also have connections in both Colan, Cornwall, where Colan Church is dedicated to him, and Langolen, Brittany. There are legendary Lives connecting him with Wales, Rome and Glastonbury, but nothing is known for certain about him, though from the dedication of a church to him in Brittany it may be conjectured that he resided for some time in that country.

## Narrative

According to the Buchedd Collin ('Life of Saint Collin'), he was the son of Gwynawc, ab Caledawc. After having travelled through many foreign lands he returned to Britain and became Abbot of Glastonbury. He banished Gwyn ap Nudd, King of the Tylwyth Teg, and his retinue from Glastonbury Tor with the use of holy water.
Collen died on 22 May, probably sometime in the early 7th century. He was buried in his chapel. For centuries, it was known as the "Old Church" and stood immediately to the west of the present medieval church of St Collen in Llangollen.
# Villanova, Aragon

Villanova (Spanish:), in Benasquese: Bilanoba or Billanoba, in Catalan: Vilanova d'Éssera (locally), in Aragonese: Vilanova, is a municipality located in the Ribagorza comarca, province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 154 inhabitants.
The town is located at the foot of the Sierra de Chía range. There are yearly religious celebrations on April 29 in honor of Saint Peter Martyr.
# Christianity in Mauritania

Christianity is a small minority religion in Mauritania ( about 1% )
In 2020, the estimated Christian population amount was only 0.23% of the population. There are between 10,000 and 11,000 Christians in Mauritania in 2023, mostly foreign expatriates.
All of the roughly 4,000 Catholics in Mauritania are within the country's only diocese, the Diocese of Nouakchott. In 2020, there were 11 priests and 34 nuns serving 5 parishes.
There are several expatriate African churches in Mauritania, though there are no more than 200 Protestants in the country, including foreigners.
In spite of a strict law against evangelism the Mauritanian Christian community has allegedly grown and there were estimated to be 400-1,000 ethnic Mauritanian Christians in 2010. For a short period of eight months the Miracle Channel, a Norwegian/Swedish Christian channel, broadcast clandestine Christian gatherings in the Mauritanian desert containing over 160 people.

## Issues

The distribution of Christian literature and the evangelizing of non-Muslims are prohibited by law. Bibles are rarely printed or distributed and are difficult to bring into the country.
In 2023, the country was ranked as the 20th worst place in the world to be a Christian by Open Doors.

## For people who like this

* Religion in Mauritania
* Status of religious freedom in Mauritania
# Dante from the Devil May Cry series

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#REDIRECTDante (Devil May Cry)
# Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 18

The eighteenth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen (subtitled as Hell's Kitchen: Rookies vs. Veterans) premiered on Fox on September 28, 2018, and concluded on February 8, 2019. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while James "Jocky" Petrie and Christina Wilson returned as the Blue Team and Red Team's sous-chefs respectively. Marino Monferrato returned as maître d'. This season featured eight new contestants (rookies) battling eight returning veterans. It is also the last to be shot in California until Season 21 where the show returned to the state for two more seasons.
The season was won by season six third-place finisher Ariel Contreras-Fox, with private chef Mia Castro finishing second.

## Chefs

Sixteen chefs competed in season 18.

### Rookies

| Contestant | Age | Occupation | Hometown | Result |
| Mia Castro | 28 | Private Chef | Miami Beach, Florida | Runner-up |
| Chris Motto | 35 | Executive Chef | Baton Rouge, Louisiana | Quit before finals |
| Kanae Houston | 25 | Sous Chef | Los Angeles, California | Eliminated after Black Jackets challenge |
| Jose DeJesus | 34 | Chef de Cuisine | Bronx, New York | Eliminated after eighth service |
| Scotley Innis | 35 | Sous Chef | Atlanta, Georgia | Eliminated after seventh service |
| Elizabeth "Gizzy" Barton | 32 | Sous Chef | Atlanta, Georgia | Eliminated after "Cook For Your Life" challenge |
| Chris Mendonca | 25 | Executive Chef | Boston, Massachusetts | Quit before fifth service |
| Scott Popovic | 39 | Executive Chef | Cleveland, Ohio | Eliminated after first service |

### Veterans

| Contestant | Age | Occupation | Hometown | Competed | Finished | Result |
| Ariel Contreras-Fox | 36 | Chef de Cuisine | Brooklyn, New York | Season 6 | 3rd | Winner |
| Bret Hauser | 33 | Personal Chef | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | Season 14 | 11th | Eliminated before finals |
| Heather Williams | 28 | Executive Chef | Easton, Pennsylvania | Season 16 | Runner-up | Eliminated after tenth service |
| Trevor "Trev" McGrath | 38 | Lead Chef | New York, New York | Season 8 | 4th | Eliminated after ninth service |
| Rosanne "Roe" DiLeo | 36 | Head Chef | Dallas, Texas | Season 13 | 5th | Eliminated after sixth service |
| Torrece "T" Gregoire | 34 | Director of Operations Chef | Draper, Virginia | Season 14 | Runner-up | Eliminated after fifth service |
| Kevin Cottle | 44 | Executive Chef | Middletown, Connecticut | Season 6 | Runner-up | Eliminated after fourth service |
| Jennifer "Jen" Gavin | 34 | Private Concert Catering Chef | Chicago, Illinois | Season 4 | 4th | Ejected during second service |
# Josh Kiggans

Josh Kiggans is an American drummer. He is known for his work recording and touring with Girls Guns and Glory, Sarah Borges, Ward Hayden and The Outliers, and GA-20.
# Jagapoga

Jagapoga is a 2001 Indian Malayalam film directed by Dhanwanthari. This film is based on the show of the same name from Kairali TV.

## Plot

The film deals with an idol of Lord Krishna being stolen from Puthnambady Temple and the ensuing investigation. SI Ajayan and constable Vijayan arrive to investigate the theft and murder of Neelakandan Potty.

## Cast

* Murali
* Suraj Venjaramoodu as Dada Sahib, Prabhuthan,
* Unnikrishnan
* Suresh
* Kaladi Omana
* Kollam Thulasi
* Kumarakom Reghunath as SI of Police
* Mudavanmugal Krishnankutty
* Sangeetha Thampi
* Tharun Sagar as SI Ajayan
* Thirumala Chandran as Constable Vijayan
* Rajeev Kalamassery as Minister
* Raja Sahib as Thug, Panchayath Member
* Alencier Ley Lopez as Psychiatrist

## Reception

A critic from Sify wrote that "The film is based on a popular TV serial by the same name on Kairali TV. On the whole couple of look-alikes of popular stars do take-offs of the original creating a good laugh". A critic from Screen wrote hat "Anyhow, the film gives us some scope for introspection. We are forced to think, taking into consideration the story line, if most of the mainstream films being made here, sans the established stars, are not similar meaningfull [sic] stuff! Well, then after all it's good to see such films now and then. Isn't it?"
# Anne Terry White

Anne Terry White (February 19, 1896 – July 1980) was a Russian-born American writer and translator.
The daughter of Aaron and Sarah Terry, she was born Anne Terry in the Russian Empire, and came to the United States with her family at the age of 8. She was educated at Brown University and obtained a master's degree from Stanford University in 1925. She worked as a teacher and social worker. Besides writing books for young people, she also translated works for children from Russian to English.
In 1918, she married Harry Dexter White; the couple had two daughters.
In 1937, she published Heroes of the Five Books about characters from the Old Testament, her first book. Her books were primarily non-fiction on a variety of subjects, including archaeology, anthropology, other various scientific topics and biographies. She also published adaptions of myths, fairy tales and classic children's literature.

## Selected works

* Three Children and Shakespeare (1938)
* Lost Worlds: Adventures in Archaeology (1941)
* Men Before Adam (1942)
* Prehistoric America, Landmark Books Series published by Random House (1951)
* George Washington Carver: The Story of a Great American (1953)
* All About the Stars (1954)
* All About Great Rivers of the World (1957)
* Rocks All Around Us (1959)
* Birds of the World (1962)
* The American Indian (1963)
* With Dersu the Hunter: Adventures in the Taiga (1965) adapted from a work by Vladimir Arsenyev
* (with G. S. Lietz): Man, the Thinker (1967)
* North to Liberty: The Story of the Underground Railroad (1972)
# International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education

The International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) is an international quality assurance body. It works closely with national accreditation bodies, including the Council for Higher Education Accreditation in the US, and other coordinating bodies, such as the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (EQNA) in Europe, and with academicians to control educational quality in around 140 countries, and is headquartered in Barcelona, Spain.
The organisation began with only 8 members in 1991, and as of 2022, it has over 280 members.
# Leah Bertrand

Leah Bertrand (born 26 July 2002) is a sprinter from Trinidad and Tobago. She was national champion over 100 metres in 2022.

## Career

She was a silver medalist in the 100 metres at the NACAC U20 Championships in San Jose, Costa Rica in 2021. She reached the semi finals of the 100 metres at the 2021 World Athletics U20 Championships in Nairobi.
She became national champion over 100 metres in June 2022 in Port-of-Spain. She won the gold medal in the U23 Caribbean Games in the 4x100m relay in Guadeloupe. She represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
She ran a personal best 11.08 seconds on her way to winning the Big Ten Championships in Bloomington, Indiana in May 2023. She was a silver medalist at the 2023 U23 NACAC Championships in Costa Rica over 100 metres. She was a bronze medalist in the 4x100m relay at the same championships. She competed in the 100 metres for Trinidad and Tobago at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest.
Competing for the Ohio State Buckeyes track and field team, she ran a wind-assisted 11.05 seconds for the 100 metres to finish seventh at the 2024 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships final in Eugene, Oregon.
She competed in the 100 metres at the 2024 Paris Olympics, reaching the semi-finals. She also competed in the 4x100m relay at the Games.
She finished third in the 60 meters at the Big 10 Indoor Championships on 1 March 2025 in 7.19 seconds.
# Humphrey Lloyd (bishop)

Humphrey Lloyd (July or August 1610 – 18 January 1689) was Bishop of Bangor from 1674 until 1689.

## Life

Lloyd was the third son of the vicar of Ruabon, Denbighshire, Wales, and was born in Trawsfynydd, Merioneth, Wales. He studied at the University of Oxford, matriculating from Jesus College in 1628 but graduating from Oriel College in 1630, becoming a fellow of Oriel, where he was a tutor for many years, in 1631. During the English Civil War, he was arrested in September 1642 for uttering Royalist views when the Parliamentarian Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire visited Oxford. In 1644, he was appointed prebend of Ampleforth by John Williams, the Archbishop of York, to whom Lloyd was chaplain, but the advance of the Scottish army prevented his installation at that time. Three years later, in 1647, the House of Lords ordered that he be installed as vicar of Ruabon on taking the National League and Covenant, but he would appear not to have stayed in post for long, if indeed he in fact was installed at this time. However, following the Restoration, Lloyd returned to Ruabon and was also installed as prebend of Ampleforth. He was awarded his DD degree in 1661, when he also became vicar of Northop. He was appointed as Dean of St Asaph in 1663, resigning as vicar of Northop in 1664.
In 1673, Lloyd was appointed Bishop of Bangor; in addition, he was permitted to be archdeacon of Bangor and of Anglesey, prebend of Ampleforth and vicar of Gresford (where he had recently succeeded his brother after leaving Ruabon). He was enthroned on 5 January 1674, by proxy. As bishop, he was hostile to dissent and to presbyterian missionaries. He died on 18 January 1689, and was buried in Bangor Cathedral.
# William Bird Herapath

Dr William Bird Herapath FRS FRSE FRCS (28 February 1820 – 12 October 1868) was an English surgeon and chemist known for his discovery of Herapathite.

## Life

Herapath was born in Bristol, the eldest son of William Herapath, Professor of Chemistry at Bristol Medical School, and educated at London University, where he was awarded M.B. in 1844. By 1845 he was working as a surgeon-accoucheur at the Bristol Dispensary.
He was awarded M.D. in 1851, and by 1852 was surgeon to St Peter's Hospital, The Red Maids' School and Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, Bristol. He published many articles in medical, chemical, and other scientific journals and was vice-president of the Bristol Microscopical Society.
In 1852, after one of his pupils (Mr. W. H. Phelps), was attracted by some peculiarly brilliant emerald-green crystals that he noticed in a bottle. Herapath found that he could create these crystals by dropping tincture of iodine into a solution of quinine disulphate in diluted sulphuric acid. By studying these crystals under a microscope he found that they polarized light very strongly. He described it as artificial tourmaline, a semi-precious gem and it later became known as Herapathite. He went on to develop new analytical techniques for the detection and analysis of alkaloid compounds based on the optical and chemical characteristics of their iodo-sulphates. He also designed a new combustion blowpipe for organic analyses and developed spectroscopic techniques for detecting traces of blood.
In 1854 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Philip Kelland.
In 1859 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His candidature citation read: "The discoverer of the Optical and Chemical Characters of the sulphate of Iodo-quinine. The author of four papers in the Philosophical Magazine 1st On the Optical Properties & Chemical Characters of the Sulphate of Iodo-quinine (artificial Tourmaline),2nd On the Chemical Analysis of the same remarkable salt - 3rd On the Discovery of Quinine and Quinidine in the Urine of Patients under Treatment, 4th On the Manufacture of large Optical plates of Sulphate of Iodo-quinine. The inventor of a new polarizing medium, as an efficient substitute for the Tourmaline. Distinguished for his acquaintance with the science of Chemistry. Eminent as a Chemist, Physiologist, and Microscopist".
In 1864 he became ill and died in 1868 and was buried in Bristol's Arnos Vale Cemetery.

## Family

He married Lucy Kynaston, daughter of Cabot Kynaston of Penally, Pembrokeshire with whom he had a son and five daughters.

## Legacy

The embedding of microscopic crystals of herapathite in a clear film was later patented by Edwin H. Land as a polarizing filter, under the name of Polaroid.