OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Agave fourcroydes

Agave fourcroydes or henequen is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is reportedly naturalized in Madeira, Italy, the Canary Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Cayman Islands and the Lesser Antilles.

## Overview

The leaves of Agave fourcroydes yield a fiber also called henequen, which is suitable for rope and twine but not of as high a quality as sisal. It is the major plantation fiber agave of eastern Mexico, being grown extensively in Yucatán, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. It is also used to make licor del henequén, a traditional Mexican alcoholic drink.
The plant appears as a rosette of sword-shaped leaves 1.2–1.8 metres (3.9–5.9 ft) meters long, growing out of a thick stem that may reach 1.7 meters (5 ft). The leaves have regularly spaced teeth 3–6 mm long and a terminal spine 2–3 cm long.
Like sisal, A. fourcroydes is a sterile hybrid; the ovaries never produce seeds. The plant does produce bulbils that may be planted, but commercial growers prefer to use the frequent suckers, which develop more quickly.
The first person of Spanish descent to document the plant and its usefulness for ropes and other naval utensils was José María Lanz, a Mexican-born engineer in service of the Spanish Navy, who studied henequen in Yucatán in 1783.

## In mezcal

Henequen, like other species of agave, is used in the production of mezcal.

## Gallery

* Henequen farm in Yucatán Peninsula.
* Henequen being harvested in 1922 for pulp to make paper.
# Liv Gustavsen

Liv Gustavsen (born 13 March 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Akershus during the term 2017–2021. Hailing from Årnes, she joined the Progress Party in 2008. In 2011, she became deputy member of Nes municipal council, in 2015 she became a full member as well as deputy member of Akershus county council, and in 2016 she succeeded Hans Andreas Limi as chair of Akershus Progress Party. She resided for many years in Haga and chaired the local sports club Haga IF. Outside of politics, she has spent her entire career in South African Pulp and Paper Industries.
# Rangpur Zoo

Recreation Park and Rangpur Zoo, (Bengali: বিনোদন উদ্যান ও রংপুর চিড়িয়াখানা) is located in Rangpur, Bangladesh, is the largest zoo in North Bengal and the second largest in Bangladesh in terms of size. With an area of 21.51 acres (8.70 ha) of lush green trees and grasses, the zoo is located east side of Hanuman-tola road beside Police Line Road, not far from Rangpur District Administration Office.
Rangpur Central Zoo is one of the recreation spots in Rangpur city.

## History

It was established in 1989, and two years later on June 14, 1991, it was opened to exhibit 23 species of animals. On August 14, 1988, the construction work of Rangpur Zoo started on 21.51 acres (8.70 ha) of land in front of Police Lines School and College, at a cost of Tk 18 million.

## Attractions

As of 2018, The zoo has 215 individual animals of 26 species, include Mammal, Aves and Reptilians. Many wild animals are available to attract the visitors. A few of them including 2 lions, 2 Bengal tiger, 1 hippopotamus, 2 crocodiles, 2 oysters, 3 peacocks, 1 bear, 1 keshowari, 1 horse, and 1 colobinae. There are different kinds of birds, including cassowary, vulture, turkey, parrots, peacocks, herons and so on.
There is also a park, a lake, restaurant, and different kinds of local plants.
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) had completed a digital survey and feasibility study of "Dhaka And Rangpur Zoo Modernization Project" to upgrade the facilities to international standard.
# Stephen Altschul

Stephen Frank Altschul (born February 28, 1957) is an American mathematician who has designed algorithms that are used in the field of bioinformatics (the Karlin–Altschul algorithm and its successors). Altschul is the co-author of the BLAST algorithm used for sequence analysis of proteins and nucleotides.

## Education

Altschul graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in mathematics and has a Ph.D. in the same field from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Research

His research interest centers around sequence-alignment algorithms, statistics of sequence comparison, and measurement of sequence similarity.

## Background

He is the son of Stephanie Rosemary (née Wagner) and Arthur Altschul, a former partner at Goldman Sachs. In 1994, he married Caroline Kershaw James, the daughter of Caroline James-Pritz of Cincinnati and Harry Keithan James of Dayton, Ohio. The Rev. Luther D. Miller Jr. performed the ceremony at St. David's Episcopal Church in Washington.
His half-sister is journalist Serena Altschul, who is known for her tenure at MTV. On his father's side, he is a member of the Lehman family.
He has two sons, James and William Altschul. William Altschul is a former college Ultimate player at Washington University in St. Louis.

## From mathematics to bioinformatics

During his undergraduate years, Altschul developed an interest in biology. As a result, he started reading books about DNA. One of the books that he read was The Double Helix by Watson. Furthermore, he had also taken a course on Evolutionary Biology. Altschul had also spent two summers working in laboratories at Rockfeller University where he helped to write computer codes for an X-ray crystallography project.
Due to his interest, Altschul had considered trying to apply to graduate school in biology. He instead decided to apply to programs in applied mathematics, with the hope of finding some applications of mathematics to biology to work on.

## Notable appointments/positions held

Upon graduation, Stephen Frank Altschul worked in the Mathematics Research Branch of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases as an IRTA postdoctoral fellowship. From 1990 to present, he has worked in the NCBI Computational Biology Branch, holding the position of senior investigator.
# Aberdare Low Level railway station

Aberdare Low Level railway station served the town of Aberdare in Wales. Opened by the Taff Vale Railway, it became part of the Great Western Railway during the Grouping of 1923. Passing to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, it was then closed by the British Railways Board in 1964 when the passengers service from Abercynon was withdrawn as a result of the Beeching Axe.

## The site today

Aberdare is now served by Aberdare railway station, a new station opened on the site of the former high level station in 1988. The station here was demolished after the line through it closed in 1973; coal traffic from Tower Colliery at Hirwaun was then re-routed over a new connection onto the former Vale of Neath Railway line near Cwmbach to allow for the removal of the busy level crossing here. The station buildings subsequently burned down in 1982 and the site was redeveloped – it is now occupied by the town bus station.
# Athletics at the 1934 British Empire Games

At the 1934 British Empire Games, the athletics events were held at the White City Stadium in London, England in August 1934. A total of 30 athletics events were contested at the Games, 21 by men and 9 by women.

## Medal summary
### Men

Medallists in men's athletics by event, including times, heights and distances :
| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |

### Women

Medallists in women's athletics by event, including times, heights and distances :
| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
(*) Edith Halstead was later sexually reassigned and took the name Edwin "Eddie" Halstead, brother of Nellie Halstead.

## Medal table

* Host nation (England)
Medals won by nation with totals, ranked by number of golds—sortable :
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | England (ENG)* | 16 | 9 | 15 | 40 |
| 2 | Canada (CAN) | 5 | 14 | 1 | 20 |
| 3 | South Africa (SAF) | 5 | 5 | 1 | 11 |
| 4 | Scotland (SCO) | 1 | 1 | 8 | 10 |
| 5 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 6 | New Zealand (NZL) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Guiana (BGU) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Jamaica (JAM) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Southern Rhodesia (SRH) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 90 |

## Participating nations

* Australia (7)
* Bermuda (6)
* British Guiana (1)
* Canada (47)
* England (89)
* India (5)
* Jamaica (3)
* Newfoundland (3)
* New Zealand (3)
* Northern Ireland (6)
* Scotland (25)
* South Africa (11)
* Southern Rhodesia (6)
* Trinidad and Tobago (1)
* Wales (10)
# Ash Avildsen

Ashley Gregory Avildsen (born November 5, 1981) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, and the founder and CEO of Sumerian Records and Sumerian Films. The son of director John G. Avildsen, he wrote and directed the film American Satan (2017) and the scripted series Paradise City (2021).

## Reflux

Avildsen was the vocalist of metalcore band Reflux in the early 2000s, which also featured Tosin Abasi (Animals As Leaders) and Evan Brewer (Fallujah, formerly of The Faceless, Animosity and Entheos). The band released one album "The Illusion of Democracy" album via Prosthetic Records in 2004 before breaking up shortly after.

## Sumerian Records

Sumerian Records (currently located in Nashville, TN) was founded in 2006 by Avildsen. Initially, the label was run out of his one-bedroom apartment in Venice Beach, beginning with the bands The Faceless and Stick to Your Guns. Sumerian has since released over 100 albums, expanded their roster to feature a diverse collective of over 40 artists, and in 2016 celebrated their 10-year anniversary as a successful independent label.

## Piracy controversy

On March 22, 2011, Avildsen released a video in which he argued against music piracy. This led to some controversy as the video was perceived to be an ad for Born of Osiris' then new record The Discovery. A second point was made of the fact that during the 1990s, Avildsen was active in the software piracy warez scene. He went by the nickname The Krazy Little Punk and from 1995 lead the games release group Release on Rampage (ROR), having gained infamy for repackaging a beta release of Quake and passing it off as the final retail release in a failed attempt to claim as being the first to illegally release the game.
In 2022, Jason Fisher of the heavy metal blog The Gauntlet and during the 1990s also a member of ROR, responded to the video, claiming that "Ash alone has easily cost companies millions of dollars." He lamented Avildsen's lack of disclosure on the matter.

## Filmography

* What Now (2015)
* American Satan (2017)
* Paradise City (2021)
* Hit Parader's No Cover (2022)
* Queen of The Ring (2024)
# Northfield Mountain

Northfield Mountain, 1,206 feet (368 m), is a mountain ridge located in Erving and Northfield, Massachusetts. 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long by 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long, the mountain is composed of several distinct peaks and ledges, most notably Rattlesnake Mountain (also known as Farley Ledge) 1,067 feet (325 m), Rose Ledges 1,080 feet (330 m), and Hermit Mountain (the high point). A pumped-storage hydroelectric plant and reservoir occupies the top of the mountain west of the summit.
The 114-mile (183 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail crosses the summit ridge of Northfield Mountain; a series of shorter hiking trails, cross country ski trails, a cross-country running course, and rock climbing routes are also located on the mountain and its ledges. Northfield Mountain is located at the confluence of the Connecticut River and Millers River. A waterfall, Briggs Brook Falls, plunges from its southeast side.

## Pumped-storage hydroelectricity facility

Engineering studies began in October 1964, with early site preparation starting three years later. In 1972 its 1,080-megawatt hydroelectric plant became operational as the largest such facility in the world.

## Recreation

FirstLight Power Resources also manages recreational resources on the mountain as part of their agreement with the state of Massachusetts. A cross-country ski area is located on the mountain; it includes groomed trails, warming huts, and ski instruction. The 114 mile (183 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail traverses the mountain, as do a number of shorter trails. FirstLight also offers camping at nearby Barton Cove, environmental programs, and boat tours of the Connecticut River.
Rose Ledge and Farley Ledges are popular among rock climbers. Farley Ledge has been subject to recent conservation and climbing access initiatives. Hermit Mountain is the site of "Hermit's Castle," a state historic site where John Smith, a local recluse, made his home from 1857 to 1900.

## Geologic history

Northfield Mountains' geologic story can begin in the late Precambrian period. The ancient Precambrian rocks are more than 600 million years old and are found only in the Western Berkshires of Massachusetts and in the Green Mountains of Vermont.
# Domin Sport

Domin Sport was a Polish cycling team founded in 2012.
The team was UCI Continental from 2013 through 2017, and downgraded to the status of club for the 2018 season.

## Team roster

| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Paweł Bernas (POL) | Paweł Bernas (POL) | (1990-05-24) 24 May 1990 (age 34) |
| Paweł Charucki (POL) | Paweł Charucki (POL) | (1988-10-14) 14 October 1988 (age 36) |
| Artur Detko (POL) | Artur Detko (POL) | (1983-02-18) 18 February 1983 (age 42) |
| Kacper Gronkiewicz (POL) | Kacper Gronkiewicz (POL) | (1993-06-29) 29 June 1993 (age 31) |
| Patryk Kostecki (POL) | Patryk Kostecki (POL) | (1993-08-17) 17 August 1993 (age 31) |
| Adrian Kucharek (POL) | Adrian Kucharek (POL) | (1994-07-19) 19 July 1994 (age 30) |
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Jarosław Marycz (POL) | Jarosław Marycz (POL) | (1987-04-17) 17 April 1987 (age 37) |
| Jarosław Rębiewski (POL) | Jarosław Rębiewski (POL) | (1974-02-27) 27 February 1974 (age 51) |
| Piotr Skrzeszewski (POL) | Piotr Skrzeszewski (POL) | (1994-04-20) 20 April 1994 (age 30) |
| Piotr Wojciechowski (POL) | Piotr Wojciechowski (POL) | (1992-06-09) 9 June 1992 (age 32) |
| Kamil Zieliński (POL) | Kamil Zieliński (POL) | (1988-03-03) 3 March 1988 (age 37) |

## Major wins
### 2014

    Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique, Kamil Zieliński
       Stage 4, Kamil Zieliński

### 2015

    Memoriał Andrzeja Trochanowskiego, Mateusz Nowak
    Stage 6 Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour, Kamil Zieliński
    Stage 1 Podlasie Tour, Kamil Zieliński

### 2017

    Kerékpárverseny, Kamil Zieliński
    Stage 2 (ITT) Szlakiem Walk Majora Hubala, Kamil Zieliński
    Stage 1 Tour of Małopolska, Kamil Zieliński
    Stage 5 Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques, Kamil Zieliński
    Stage 2 Dookoła Mazowsza, Jarosław Marycz
# Lothian Nicholson (British Army officer, died 1933)

Major-General Sir Cecil Lothian Nicholson KCB CMG (1 November 1865 – 3 March 1933) was a British Army officer.

## Military career

Born in Kensington, London, the son of Sir Lothian Nicholson, a former governor of Gibraltar, and Mary Romilly, Nicholson was commissioned as a subaltern, with the rank of second lieutenant, into the Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment on 29 August 1885.
In May 1891 he was appointed as an aide-de-camp to his father, now a full general, and was promoted to lieutenant in February 1893.
In October 1905 he became brigade major of the 15th Infantry Brigade.
He served as a general staff officer, grade 2 (GSO2) in May 1911. Having transferred at some point to the Worcestershire Regiment, he was again transferred, this time to the East Lancashire Regiment, as a lieutenant colonel in February 1912. He later became commanding officer (CO) of the 2nd Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.
He served on the Western Front from November 1914 and commanded his battalion at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915 where he was wounded. He was promoted to brevet colonel in June 1915. Two months after being promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general, in June 1915, he went on to succeed Major General Edward Ingouville-Williams in command of the 16th Infantry Brigade, and led the brigade at Hooge in August. In July 1916 he was promoted to temporary major general and became general officer commanding (GOC) 34th Division, again taking over from Ingouville-Williams, who had been killed, commanding it at the Battle of the Somme in the autumn of 1916, the Battle of Arras in April 1917 and the Battle of the Lys in April 1918 as well as subsequent battles on the Western Front. He was promoted to substantive major general in June 1918.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1916 Birthday Honours and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1918 New Year Honours. He was then advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1919 Birthday Honours.
He went on to become GOC the Eastern Division of the British Army of the Rhine in March 1919 and then GOC 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division in April 1921 before retiring in April 1925.
# Spike Gehlhausen

Daniel William "Spike" Gehlhausen (born November 19, 1954, in Jasper, Indiana), is a former driver in the USAC and CART Championship Car series. He raced in 11 seasons (1975–1982 and 1984–1986), with 79 combined career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1976, 1978–1980, and 1984. He finished in the top ten 15 times with his best finish in 4th position in 1980 at Ontario.

## Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish |
| 1976 | McLaren | Offy | 25th | 33rd |
| 1977 | McLaren | Offy | Qualifying crash | |
| 1978 | Eagle | Offy | 16th | 29th |
| 1979 | Wildcat | Cosworth | 31st | 10th |
| 1980 | Penske | Cosworth | 4th | 29th |
| 1981 | Penske | Cosworth | Failed to qualify | |
| 1982 | Penske | Cosworth | Failed to qualify | |
| 1983 | Eagle | Cosworth | Failed to qualify | |
| 1984 | March | Cosworth | 25th | 31st |
| 1986 | Lola | Cosworth | Failed to qualify | |
| 1987 | March | Cosworth | Failed to qualify | |
| 1988 | March | Cosworth | Practice crash | |
# Jack Donnelly (Gaelic footballer)

John Donnelly (born 1944) is an Irish former Gaelic football coach and player. At club level, he played with Ellistown and he was also a member of the Kildare senior football team.

## Playing career

Donnelly played his club Gaelic football with Ellistown. He was part of the team that won the Kildare IFC title in 1964 following a defeat of Maynooth in the final.
At inter-county level, Donnelly was part of the Kildare team that won consecutive Leinster U21FC titles as well as the All-Ireland U21FC title in 1965. He later spent several years with the senior team but lost four leinster SFC finals in 1966 and 1975. Donnelly also earned a call-up to the Leinster team for the Railway Cup.

## Post-playing career

Donnelly later became involved in team management and coaching. He was a long-time selector with the Kildare senior team. He was named in the right wing-forward position on Kildare's Team of the Millennium.

## Honours
### Ellistown

* Kildare Intermediate Football Championship: 1964

### Kildare

* All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship: 1965
* Leinster Under-21 Football Championship: 1965, 1966
# Fly Jamaica Airways Flight 256

Fly Jamaica Airways Flight 256 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Cheddi Jagan International Airport in Guyana to Toronto Pearson International Airport in Canada. On 9 November 2018, the Boeing 757 aircraft serving the flight suffered a hydraulic failure, forcing its return and resulting in a runway excursion on landing. This caused significant damage to the aircraft and one passenger fatality.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 757-23N, MSN 30233, registered as N524AT, that was built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in 1999. It first flew on 7 October 1999 and had logged 43420 hours and 13 minutes of airframe hours and 13367 takeoff and landing cycles. It was also powered by two Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4 engines.$^{:30–31}$

## Accident

The aircraft departed from Cheddi Jagan International Airport in Guyana on 9 November 2018 at 02:10 local time, bound for Toronto, Canada. The flight subsequently reported a fault with the hydraulic system; as a result, the pilot aborted the climb and the plane returned to the departure airport for an emergency landing, touching down at 02:53. During the landing, the aircraft overran the runway and hit the airport perimeter fence, sustaining substantial damage in the process to the right-hand main landing gear and the No. 2 engine.

## Passengers and crew

| Country | No. |
| Passengers ||
| Canada | 82 |
| Guyana | 35 |
| United States | 1 |
| Pakistan | 1 |
| Trinidad | 1 |
| Crew ||
| Guyana | 6 |
| Jamaica | 2 |
There were 120 passengers and 8 crew members on board the aircraft. Ten people were injured and an 86-year-old female passenger subsequently died five days later due to injuries sustained during the incident.
The pilot in command was 58-year-old Captain Basil Ferguson, he joined Fly Jamaica Airways in 2018, and had a total of 11,755 flight hours.$^{:24–25}$ The second in command was 33-year-old First Officer Keone Bryan, he joined the airline in 2017, and had a total of 4,331 flight hours, including 317 hours on the Boeing 757.$^{:24–25}$

## Investigation

The accident was investigated by the Guyana Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) with assistance from the Canadian Transportation Safety Board (TSB) and the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
The GCAA concluded in its final report that the major cause of the accident was the “loss of hydraulic fluid, failure of the pressure switch and subsequent total failure of the hydraulic system (firstly the left and subsequently the right) which affected the deployment of some spoilers, thrust reversers and efficacy of the main brakes caused the aircraft to continue the landing roll at a high-speed resulting in an overrun and excursion and severe damage to the aircraft.”$^{:91}$

## Aftermath

After the accident Fly Jamaica Airways ceased its operation on March 31, 2019, aggravated by financial difficulties and lack of aircraft.
# Clamp (zoology)

Clamps are the main attachment structure of the Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans. These ectoparasitic worms have a variable number of clamps on their haptor (the posterior attachment organ); each clamp is attached to the host fish, generally to its gill. Clamps include sclerotised elements, called the sclerites, and muscles. The structure of clamps varies according to the groups within the Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans; microcotylids have relatively simple clamps, whereas gastrocotylids have more complex clamps.