OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maria Cust

Maria Eleanor Vere Cust FRGS (1862 or 1863 – 1958) was an English geographer and missionary who was the first woman to become a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
Cust's father was Robert Needham Cust (1821-1909), an orientalist, colonial administrator, and judge in India. Her mother was Maria Adelaide née Hobart (died 1864), daughter of Henry Lewis Hobart, Dean of Windsor. Her elder sister was nurse and writer Albinia Lucy Wherry (1857-1929).
Cust "acted for many years as her father's secretary, materially aiding his studies", and also worked as a medical missionary in India. Her books of poetry, Songs of sunshine and shadow and The annunciation and other poems were privately printed in 1903 and 1904 respectively, and Lucem Sequor and other poems, described as "indifferent verse ...[showing] the influence of her religion and the East", was published by in 1909. She is said to have produced "passable" translations of writers including Heinrich Heine, Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, and Victor Hugo.
The Royal Geographical Society did not admit women to its membership on equal terms with men until 1913, and in 1847 had agreed that it was "not deemed expedient at present" to admit women as members. Cust's father Robert proposed a motion in 1892 which led to the election of fifteen "well qualified ladies" to fellowship on 28 November 1892. They were elected in alphabetical order, and because Isabella Bird Bishop was at the time in Tibet, Maria Cust, as the next in sequence, was the first woman to be elected as a fellow.

## Selected publications

* The family-bookcase of Belton House, Lincolnshire / Compiled by Robert Needham Cust, ... with the assistance of his daughter, Maria Eleanor Vere Cust (1903)
* Songs of sunshine and shadow (1903, privately printed)
* The annunciation and other poems (1904, privately printed)
* Lucem Sequor and other poems (1909, Kegan Paul, Trench, TrUbner & Co.)
# Prince of Spain

Prince of Spain (Spanish: Príncipe de España) was the title created by law on 22 July 1969 for Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón, the designated successor of Generalísimo Francisco Franco. Juan Carlos held the title until 22 November 1975, when he became King of Spain following the death of Franco. The title given to the heir-apparent or heir-presumptive to the Spanish throne has since been Prince or Princess of Asturias.
The title was given the associated style of His Royal Highness and the military honours of the Brigadier General of the Army. The design of the coat of arms and the royal standard was regulated by decree on 22 April 1971 for the personal use of the Prince of Spain, not to be confused with an earlier hereditary confirmation by Joseph Bonaparte on his children and grandchildren.
# Kai Pearce-Paul

Kai Pearce-Paul (born 19 February 2001) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward or centre for the Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League. He has represented England at international level.
He previously played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League.

## Background

Pearce-Paul played his amateur rugby league for the Croydon Hurricanes.
Pearce-Paul is of English, Faroese, St Vincent and Antiguan descent. He is the younger brother of former London Broncos and London Skolars player Kam Pearce-Paul and older brother of Saracens rugby union footballer Kaden Pearce-Paul.

## Club career
### Wigan Warriors
#### 2020

Pearce-Paul made his Super League debut in round 14 of the 2020 Super League season for the Warriors against St Helens where Wigan went on to lose 42–0 against a much more experienced St Helens squad, Pearce-Paul started from the bench and became Wigan Warriors player #1109.

#### 2022

Pearce-Paul played 18 games for Wigan in the 2022 Super League season including the clubs shock semi-final loss against Leeds.
In December, it was announced that Pearce-Paul had signed a two-year contract with the Newcastle Knights in the NRL, starting in 2024.

#### 2023

In 2023, Pearce-Paul played in 23 matches for Wigan, scoring three tries. His final game for the club was the 2023 Super League Grand Final, in which Wigan defeated the Catalans Dragons 10-2.

### Newcastle Knights
#### 2024

In round 1 of the 2024 NRL season, Pearce-Paul made his club debut for Newcastle in their loss against Canberra. He played 22 games for Newcastle in the 2024 NRL season as the club finished 8th and qualified for the finals. He played in their elimination finals loss against North Queensland.

## International career

In 2022, Pearce-Paul was selected for England's 2021 Rugby League World Cup campaign, and made his debut against Greece scoring a try in a 94-4 victory.

## Honours
### Wigan Warriors

* Super League
** Winners (1): 2023
* League Leaders' Shield
** Winners (2): 2020, 2023
* Challenge Cup
** Winners (1): 2022

## Statistics

| Year | Team | Games | Tries | Pts |
| 2020 | Wigan Warriors | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | Wigan Warriors | 19 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | Wigan Warriors | 18 | 4 | 16 |
| 2023 | Wigan Warriors | 23 | 3 | 12 |
| 2024 | Newcastle Knights | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 81 | 7 | 28 |
# PS-12 Larkana-III

PS-12 Larkana-III (پی ایس-12، لاڑکانہ-3) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PS-12 Larkana-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PPP | Sohail Anwar Siyal | 54,077 | 59.78 |
| | GDA | Moazzam Ali Khan | 31,850 | 35.21 |
| | TLP | Abdul Razaque | 1,517 | 1.68 |
| | Independent | Rafay Ali Abbasi | 1,011 | 1.12 |
| | Others | Others (nine candidates) | 2,000 | 2.21 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 95,191 | 46.96 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 90,455 | 95.03 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,736 | 4.97 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 22,227 | 24.57 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 202,707 | |

## General elections 2018

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |
# Olivia Troye

Olivia Troye (born November 19, 1976) is an American national security official who worked on national security and homeland security issues at the National Counterterrorism Center, the United States Department of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, and the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis.
She went on to work in the Office of the Vice President of the United States as the Homeland Security and Counterterrorism advisor to Vice President Mike Pence and also served on the White House Coronavirus Task Force as Pence's lead staffer on the Task Force.
She resigned from the White House in August 2020.

## Early life and education

Originally from El Paso, Texas, Troye is Mexican American and is fluent in Spanish.
She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, the National Defense University College of International Affairs, and the Naval Postgraduate School.

## Career

After graduating from college, Troye worked for the Republican National Committee. She began a career in national security after the September 11 attacks. She served in the Pentagon as a George W. Bush administration appointee. Troye was an intelligence official in the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis serving as chief of strategy, policy, and plans. Troye worked in the Office of the Vice President of the United States as the homeland security and counterterrorism advisor to Vice President Pence and served as an aide to the White House Coronavirus Task Force.
While Troye claims she resigned, Mike Pence's national security adviser, Keith Kellogg, claims he fired her and "escorted her off the compound." He has also more generally accused her of lying about her time in the Trump-Pence administration. Troye has denied these allegations.
After leaving the White House, Troye became an outspoken critic against the Trump administration's response on the COVID-19 pandemic.
In the wake of the collapse of the Afghan government and the fall of Kabul in August 2021, Troye called attention to deliberate obstruction of the visa process during the Trump administration, especially by Stephen Miller, for Afghans who were partners with U.S. efforts in Afghanistan.
In August 2020, Troye joined the National Insurance Crime Bureau as vice president of strategy, policy, and plans. Troye is also an advisor to Defending Democracy Together, a conservative, anti-Donald Trump political group known for the "Republicans for the Rule of Law" initiative.
In 2024, she appeared with Vice President Kamala Harris at an event in support of abortion rights and spoke at the Democratic National Convention.
Troye serves on the board of directors of Voters of Tomorrow, an advocacy organization that promotes political engagement among Generation Z.

## Personal life

According to CNN, Troye is a lifelong Republican. She described herself as a "John McCain Republican" in a video released by Republican Voters Against Trump.
# Alison Stenning

Alison Stenning is a Professor of Social & Economic Geography at the Newcastle University, formerly lecturer in the Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies in the School of Geography, Politics and Sociology there; as well as, at the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, in the University of Birmingham (1996–2003), where she also served as an Associate Member at the Centre for Russian and East European Studies. Stenning is a social geographer with particular interests in the regional community and the economy of the (now defunct) Eastern Bloc countries once controlled by the Soviet Union. Stenning wrote extensively about the post-communist political economy of Poland's industrial hubs such as Nowa Huta.
Stenning graduated with BSc in Geography at the University of Birmingham in 1993, and with the MA in International Political Economy from the University of Newcastle in 1994. She defended her PhD in Geography at the University of Birmingham in 1998. Her work has been published in the European Urban and Regional Studies, in Antipode, in Work, Employment and Society and in Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers.

## Awards and honours

* She is the 2006 RGS-IBG Gill Memorial Award winner for contributions to eastern European geography.
# Joy Tivy

Joy Tivy FRSE FRSGS FIB (1924–1995) was a 20th century Irish physical geographer at the University of Glasgow. She specialised in biogeography and has been credited for having helped raise the profile of biogeography as a distinct sub-discipline of geography. She published over 40 papers, books and reports and she was often asked to advise government agencies and other organisations. She was a strong advocate of the importance of field studies for providing essential skills for geography graduates. Her capacity as a teacher was as highly regarded as her research — she was known to be enthusiastic and engaging to a wide range of audiences - a medal has been created by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in honour of her commitment to Geographical Education and Teaching.

## Life

Joy Tivy was born in Carlow, Ireland on 24 August 1924.
She commenced studies at the University College Dublin in 1942 where she studied geography as her primary subject with botany and geology as her secondary areas. She excelled as an undergraduate most notably scoring highest in highly competitive exams in 1944, which granted her status as a Scholar. She graduated with first class honours in 1946 and after a brief period of teaching at the University of Leeds she accepted a position at the University of Edinburgh where she completed her doctorate. Her PhD thesis was entitled, A study of the effect of physical factors on the vegetation of hill grazings in selected areas of southern Scotland, p. 55. In 1956 she moved to the University of Glasgow where she stayed for the rest of her career (she retired in 1989). She was the second female to be awarded at professorship at the University of Glasgow in 1976 and was head of the Department of Geography and Topographic Science.
In 1984 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Her proposers were John Lenihan, William Whigham Fletcher, Donald Michie, S. G. Checkland, Lord Cameron, and Wreford Watson. She was also elected a Fellow of the Institute of Biology (FIB).
Following retirement in 1984 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (FRSGS).
She was actively involved in the Scottish Field Studies Association, with 10 years as chairperson and served as the editor of Scottish Geographical Magazine for a decade.
She died on 10 July 1995.

## Recognition

The RSGS established the Joy Tivy Education Medal in her honour, which is awarded annually "in recognition of an outstanding contribution to geographical education".

## Publications

These are some of her most notable books:
* Agricultural Ecology. Tivy, Joy. 1990. Longman Scientific and Technical.
* Biogeography: A Study of Plants in the Ecosphere. Tivy, Joy. 1993. Routledge.
* Human Impact on the Ecosystem (Conceptual frameworks in geography). Tivy, Joy. O'Hare, G. 1982. Oliver & Boyd.
* The Organic Resources of Scotland. Tivy, Joy. 1973. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
* The Glasgow region: a general survey. Eds. Ronald Miller and Joy Tivy. 1958. Edinburgh: T. & A. Constable.
She has 33 papers listed on ISI Web of Science.
# Phenylpiperazine

1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. The suffix ‘-piprazole’ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class.
It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine. Similarly to amphetamine, 1-PP is a monoamine releasing agent, with EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for monoamine release of 186 nM for norepinephrine, 880 nM for serotonin, and 2,530 nM for dopamine. Based on the preceding values, it is about 4.7-fold less potent in releasing serotonin than norepinephrine and about 13.6-fold less potent in releasing dopamine than norepinephrine. Hence, 1-PP is a modestly selective norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), or could alternatively be thought of as an imbalanced serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) or serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).
Other homologues and rigid analogues of amphetamine besides 1-PP include 2-aminotetralin (2-AT), 2-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN), 2-aminoindane (2-AI), 1-naphthylaminopropane (1-NAP), 2-naphthylaminopropane (2-NAP), 6-ABTooltip 6-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptene, and 7-ABTooltip 7-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptene.
1-Phenylpiperazine shows toxicity at sufficiently high doses; its oral LD$_{50}$ in rats is 210 mg/kg.
Numerous derivatives of 1-PP, or substituted phenylpiperazines, exist. Some examples include meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and para-methoxyphenylpiperazine (pMeOPP).
# South Park, Wyoming

South Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,731 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jackson, WY–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community does not have any connections with South Park, the animated Comedy Central television series.

## Geography

South Park is at 43°26′25″N 110°48′16″W﻿ / ﻿43.44028°N 110.80444°W﻿ / 43.44028; -110.80444 (43.440310, -110.804324).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.7 square miles (30.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 864 people, 350 households, and 234 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 75.9 inhabitants per square mile (29.3/km$^2$). There were 392 housing units at an average density of 34.4 per square mile (13.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.57% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.
There were 350 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 33.6% from 25 to 44, 31.9% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $63,864, and the median income for a family was $70,625. Males had a median income of $42,837 versus $33,836 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,458. About 4.6% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Public education in the community of South Park is provided by Teton County School District #1.
# Xunyang Subdistrict

Xunyang Subdistrict (Chinese: 浔阳街道; pinyin: Xúnyáng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Taoyuan County in Hunan, China. The subdistrict was incorporated from a part of the former Zhangjiang Town in 2017. It has an area of 109.25 km$^2$ (42.18 sq mi) with a population of 56,800 (as of 2017). The subdistrict has 10 villages and 8 communities under its jurisdiction, and its seat is at West Wuling Rd.(Chinese: 武陵西路)

## Subdivisions

Administrative divisions of Xunyang Subdistrict :
| 8 communities | 8 communities | 10 villages | 10 villages |
| English | Chinese | English | Chinese |
| Bazilu Community | 八字路社区 | Fenghe Village | 丰禾村 |
| Dongtinggong Community | 洞庭宫社区 | Fuqingshan Village | 福庆山村 |
| Erligang Community | 二里岗社区 | Huifeng Village | 廻峰村 |
| Lianhuahu Community | 莲花湖社区 | Jiaoren Village | 教仁村 |
| Meixiqiao Community | 梅溪桥社区 | Luluoping Village | 菉萝坪村 |
| Wanshouqiao Community | 万寿桥社区 | Luxikou Village | 绿溪口村 |
| Yaohe Community | 尧河社区 | Taiping Village | 大平村 |
| Yifengfang Community | 义丰坊社区 | Tiechuanyan Village | 铁船堰村 |
| | | Yanshi Village | 仙石村 |
| | | Zhenjiangdu Village | 镇江渡村 |
# Fashion cigarettes

Historically considered a masculine habit, the feminization of smoking occurred in tandem with the advent of fashion brands or premium brands of cigarettes specifically marketed toward women. Most often this is focused on young fashion-conscious professional ladies who are the target demographic for these brands, which are differentiated by slimness and added length over traditional brands of cigarettes. This development of the female market occurred in tandem with an expansion of the "luxury cigarette" concept aimed at men and women, through the appearance of "luxury, opulence and sophistication" of packaging.

## Description

These brands include decorative ones like Eve, marketed strictly toward women like Virginia Slims, or as evening-out styles like Sobranie Cocktail, designed to appeal to women, and their counterpart Sobranie Black Russian, the darker colours of which targeted a male market.
Many fashion houses have lent their name (through a licensing agreement) to cigarettes; Yves Saint Laurent is arguably the most successful of these (even though he admitted in a 1968 interview he smokes, but not his namesake brand, as he does "not like the flavour"), though many other brands have been marketed, from time to time, in select international markets: Givenchy, Versace, Pierre Cardin, Christian Lacroix and Cartier (a jewelry house).
In the 1980s and early 1990s, manufacturers created longer, 164 millimeter versions of several ladies' cigarettes. However, finding only a small niche market, the machines that produced them have since been dismantled.
With the anti-smoking movement in the United States, cigarette manufacturers have turned to Asia, where there is a distinct market for female oriented brands, and to the nouveau riche in Russia.
# G. S. Melkote

G. S. Melkote (16 October 1901 – 10 March 1982) was an Indian freedom fighter and parliamentarian. His full name is Gopaliah Subbukrishna Melkote.
He was born at Berhampur in Odisha state on the auspicious day of Saraswathi Pooja. He did L.M.S. from Osmania University in 1927 and practiced for some time combining the traditional medicine with Yogic practices. He was the president of Indian Medical Association, Hyderabad branch for some time and established Patanjali Yoga Research Institute.
He participated in various activities of Indian Freedom Movement, such as the Home Rule movement, Salt Satyagraha, and Quit India movements.
After Indian independence, he contributed significantly in the development of Hyderabad state as Member of Hyderabad Assembly from Musheerabad between 1952 and 1957. He was also the finance Minister for Hyderabad state from 1952 till unification of Hyderabad and Andhra State (to form Andhra Pradesh under States reorganization act, 1956). He was elected to the Indian Parliament three times (1962, 1967 and 1977) from the Hyderabad constituency and in 1957 from Raichur constituency.
He resigned as member of Lok Sabha in 1970, also left Indian National Congress to join Telangana movement, eventually joining Telangana Praja Samithi.
His wife Vimalabai was also a freedom fighter.
# Chiquita Canyon Landfill

The Chiquita Canyon Landfill is a 639-acre (259 ha) landfill in Castaic, California, United States. Located in the Santa Clarita Valley in northwestern Los Angeles County along State Route 126, it is owned and operated by Waste Connections. The landfill stopped accepting trash at the end of 2024 after restrictions were placed on the operations due to ongoing smoldering chemical reactions in a portion of the site. The solid-waste landfill had been disposing of residential and commercial waste since 1972 by compacting layers of trash and covering those layers daily with soil.

## Impacts of a chemical reaction

A rare chemical reaction deep within the landfill probably began in May 2022. The landfill's containment systems were overwhelmed with rainwater filtering through the rotting garbage. Oxygen may have intruded below the landfill cover causing the generation of extreme heat, production of excessive leachate, and the buildup of pressure within a 35-acre (14 ha) closed portion of the site. Hot, contaminated water has been forced to the surface, occasionally erupting like a geyser. This leachate has changed the landfill gas to have a nauseating, sulphuric odor, impacting thousands of nearby residents.
The company has community air quality monitoring stations in Val Verde and in Hasley Canyon Park in Castaic. While the residents of Val Verde have been smelling odors for many years, neighborhoods as far away as Stevenson Ranch have complained to the South Coast Air Quality Management District about the overwhelming stench. In 2024, the district received 13,000 odor complaints. A Community Relief Program by the company was instituted to provide funds to assist residents who want to relocate temporarily. The Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board denied permission to expand into an additional cell in late 2024, expressing concerns about the odors and the landfill's stability during a potential earthquake. After repeated enforcement actions and abatement orders had not brought actions resulting in sufficient reduction in the odors, the county of Los Angeles filed a lawsuit against the owners in December 2024.