# Milwaukee Public Museum

The Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM) is a natural and human history museum in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The museum was chartered in 1882 and opened to the public in 1884; it is a nonprofit organization operated by the Milwaukee Public Museum, Inc. MPM has three floors of exhibits and the first Dome Theater in Wisconsin.

## History
### The German-English Academy

MPM was one of several major American museums established in the late 19th century. Although it was officially chartered in 1882, its existence can be traced back to 1851, to the founding of the German-English Academy in Milwaukee. The academy's principal, Peter Engelmann, encouraged student field trips, many of which collected various specimens—organic, geological, and archaeological in nature—which were kept at the academy. Later, alumni and others donated specimens of historical and ethnological interest to the collection.
By 1857, interest in the academy's collection had grown to such an extent that Engelmann organized a natural history society to manage and expand the collection. Eventually, the collection, which had come to be informally called "The Museum", exceeded the academy's ability to accommodate it. August Stirn, a city alderman and member of the national history society, obtained legislation from the state legislature for the City of Milwaukee to accept the collection and take the measures to establish "a free public museum".

### Early years

The newly formed Board of Trustees hired Carl Doerflinger to be the museum's first director and rented space to place exhibits. The Milwaukee Public Museum opened to the public on May 24, 1884. Doerflinger placed emphasis on using MPM's exhibits for study and research as well as for public education. He also urged the city to purchase land on which a building could be constructed to house the museum and the Milwaukee Public Library. He resigned in 1888. The new museum building at 814 W. Wisconsin Avenue was completed in 1898.
In 1890, Carl Akeley, a taxidermist and biologist noted as the "father of modern taxidermy," completed the first complete museum habitat diorama in the world, depicting a muskrat colony.
Henry L. Ward was hired as MPM's fourth director in 1902. Previously, the museum had focused solely on the natural sciences, but this changed when Ward began the creation of a History Museum. To further this goal, Samuel A. Barrett, the recipient of the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by the University of California, was selected to head an anthropology-history department.
Barrett later succeeded Ward and led the museum through the Great Depression of the 1930s. Barrett used the Works Progress Administration and other New Deal programs to keep the museum running and to create employment beyond the existing staff.

### Modern history

Construction on MPM's current building began in 1960 and was completed in 1962. The current site is at 800 W. Wells Street, a block north of the old Museum-Library building, still the home of the Milwaukee Central Library, which continued to house exhibits until 1966.
A controversy over the imposition of admittance fees on visitors who were not residents of the City of Milwaukee led to the museum being sold by the city to Milwaukee County in 1976. In 1992, amid assertions that the museum was on the verge of bankruptcy and might have to be sold or completely privatized, a compromise was reached in which the county retained the museum's nominal ownership but all operating control was handed over to Milwaukee Public Museum, Inc., a not-for-profit controlled by local business interests such as Miller Brewing. Employee wages and benefits were reduced, but private donations expanded and the county's share of costs was diminished.
In 2006, charges were filed against former museum chief financial officer Terry Gaouette, following the revelation that the museum was several million dollars in the red, a fact that allegedly had been hidden for years by illegal money transfers. Gaouette pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of falsifying a financial report. His CPA license was restored in 2010.
In 2010, the Milwaukee Public Museum appointed a new director Jay B. Williams, formerly of PrivateBank. He has focused on fundraising and improving repeat traffic.
In 2014, MPM hired Dennis Kois as president and CEO. During his tenure the museum saw the highest quarters of attendance in its 140-year history and following several years of development and a unanimous vote by the museum board to proceed, plans and renderings were publicly announced for a $180 million new museum. In August 2018 Kois resigned, following a Board investigation of a consensual relationship between him and a staff member. Kois and his wife had filed for divorce earlier that same year.
Ellen Censky had been named the interim president and CEO while the MPM Board of Directors conducted a nationwide search for the position.
At the conclusion of the search in June 2019, Dr. Ellen Censky was officially named president and CEO

### Future

In 2017, the Milwaukee Public Museum announced their intention to relocate after results from a two-year study indicated the existing museum was in need of extensive and costly repairs. In 2020, MPM revealed the new construction's location on a 2.4 acre site along North Sixth Street, between West McKinley Avenue and West Vliet Street. Designs for the $240 million project were released in 2022, featuring a five-story, 20,000 square foot building. The project is set to break ground in Spring 2024 and estimated to open early 2027.

## Exhibits

The Milwaukee Public Museum houses permanent and traveling exhibits.

### Permanent exhibits

The first major exhibit in the current museum to be completed was Streets of Old Milwaukee, which opened in January 1965. It is one of the more popular exhibits in MPM, and it is estimated that several million people have visited it since its completion.

## Research and collections

Totaling more than 4 million artifacts, research and collections at the Milwaukee Public Museum include:
* A 14,500-year-old woolly mammoth skeleton donated to the museum. The real bones are too fragile to display or mount and are preserved for research, but a fiberglass replica set is on display at the museum.
* A collection and digital archive of over 10,000 bird eggs from around the world, focused on birds native to Wisconsin.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 Behm, Don (May 25, 2015). "Milwaukee Public Museum taking stock of current digs and future needs". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
* ↑ "Milwaukee Public Museum Annual Report, 2023-2024" (PDF). Milwaukee Public Museum. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
* ↑ MPM Mission Statement
* 1 2 3 4 5 Oestreich Lurie, Nancy
* ↑ Lurie, Nancy Oestreich. A Special Style: The Milwaukee Public Museum, 1882-1982. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public Museum, 1983
* ↑ Umhoefer, Dave (October 12, 2006). "Former museum official charged". Jsonline.com. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
* ↑ "The Irony: Terry Gaouette Could Easily Be Characterized As One Of The Milwaukee Public Museum's Biggest Benefactors". Charity Governance. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
* ↑ Blair, Karla (April 20, 2010). "In the matter of disciplinary proceedings against Terry A. Gaouette, respondent: order restoring full licensure LS 0803195 ACC" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Regulation & Licensing. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
* ↑ Schultze, Steve. "Milwaukee Public Museum director starts with details". article. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
* ↑ "Sponsorship". Sponsorship letter. Milwaukee Public Museum. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
* ↑ Held, Tom. "Bradley Foundation to Give 300,000..." article. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
* ↑ https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/print-edition/2016/04/01/milwaukee-public-museum-attendance-soars-in-second.html
* ↑ "Dennis Kois abruptly resigns as CEO of Milwaukee Public Museum after an affair allegation investigated".
* ↑ "Dennis Kois abruptly resigns as CEO of Milwaukee Public Museum after an affair allegation investigated". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
* ↑ "Milwaukee Public Museum announces new president & CEO". Milwaukee Public Museum. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
* ↑ Behm, Don. "Milwaukee Public Museum plans to build a new $100 million home". Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
* ↑ Daykin, Tom (September 11, 2020). "Milwaukee Public Museum, Betty Brinn Children's Museum to build new downtown facility north of Fiserv Forum". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
* ↑ Kilmer, Graham. "New Public Museum Design Unveiled". Urban Milwaukee. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
* ↑ Kilmer, Graham. "MKE County: MPM Needs $35 Million To Begin New Museum Construction". Urban Milwaukee. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
* ↑ The Streets of Old Milwaukee
* ↑ Ramde, Dinesh (July 9, 2008). "Milwaukee museum unveils woolly mammoth skeleton". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
* ↑ Conover, Emily (July 26, 2014). "Milwaukee Public Museum's vast egg collection gets protection upgrade". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.