OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bauxite mining in the United States

Bauxite mining in the United States produced an estimated 128,000 metric tonnes of bauxite in 2013. Although the United States was an important source of bauxite in the early 20th century, it now supplies less than one percent of world bauxite production.

## Uses

Bauxite is the only commercial ore of aluminium, and 96 percent of bauxite consumed in the US is used to produce aluminum (metallurgical grade). However, since 1981, none of the bauxite mined in the US was used to make metallic aluminium. US bauxite is instead used for abrasives, high-temperature refractory materials, and as a high-strength proppant for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells.

## History

The American bauxite industry held world importance during World War I, and from 1914 through 1920, supplied more than half the world's bauxite. In 1914 and again in 1915, the US supplied 94 percent of the world's bauxite.
Wartime aluminum demand for airplane construction during World War II caused bauxite production to jump more than 16-fold from 1939 to 1943. In 1943, US bauxite production peaked at 6.3 million tons, then fell back to 1.0 million tons in 1945. The US has supplied less than ten percent of world bauxite each year since 1956, and less than one percent each year since 1982.
From 1889 through 2013, a total of 94 million metric tons of bauxite were mined in the US, about 90 percent of which came from central Arkansas.
In 2013 the US mined 128,000 metric tons of bauxite.

## Deposits

Bauxite forms by the weathering of aluminum-rich and silica-poor rocks in hot, humid, climates, at places with good drainage. Under the proper conditions, weathering disintegrates the aluminium silicate minerals, and dissolves and removes the silica, creating bauxite. The mined US bauxite deposits have all been in the southeastern United States.

### Arkansas

About 90 percent of American-mined bauxite has come from deposits in central Arkansas. The Arkansas deposits were formed during the Eocene from weathering of intrusions of nepheline syenite, an aluminium-rich, silicate-poor, igneous rock.
Bauxite is still mined in Arkansas, but has not been mined for aluminium production since 1981. Alcoa operates a processing plant near Benton, Arkansas, which produces a high-strength proppant used in hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells. The bauxite is mined by McGeorge Contractors.

### Eufaula, Alabama

Bauxite has been mined near Eufaula, Alabama since 1927. In 2007, 142 thousand short tons were mined, for use in chemical manufacture, abrasives, and high-temperature refractory materials.

### Andersonville, Georgia

Bauxite has been commercially mined in the Andersonville, Georgia district since 1914. Bauxite deposits occur in beds of kaolinite clay in the Nanafalia formation of the Wilcox group, of Eocene age. Mining of bauxite and kaolinite is currently being done by Mullite Company of America (Mulcoa).

### Spottswood, Virginia

Bauxite was mined at two mines near Spottswood, Virginia, from 1940 to 1946. Total production was about 30,000 long tons, from deposits associated with limestone.
# Ian Strange (British artist)

Ian John Strange MBE (20 July 1934 – 30 September 2018), also known as the Bird Man, was a British artist, writer, ornithologist and conservationist who was associated with the Falkland Islands.

## Early years

Strange was born at Market Deeping in Lincolnshire. He attended school at Wolverhampton, subsequently studying at Wolverhampton College of Art, the Birmingham Botanical Gardens (United Kingdom) and the University of Birmingham. He then served with the Independent Parachute Brigade, following which he studied at the Essex College of Agriculture, also working on farms in the Essex fenlands. It was during this period that he met and married his first wife, Irene Hutley.

## Falkland Islands

In 1959 Strange accepted a position establishing and managing an experimental mink fur farm in the Falkland Islands for the Hudson's Bay Company. During the 1960s he became involved in conservation activities – promoting the establishment of wildlife reserves on several of the islands and surveying seal populations there. The unviability of fur farming led to Strange's return to the UK in 1967, but he returned to the Falklands in 1968 as a tour organiser with Lindblad Travel. In 1969 he married Ann Gisby and settled permanently in the Falklands, pursuing his attempts to obtain greater protection for the wildlife while making a living from writing articles and selling paintings. In 1971 he became an honorary advisor to the Falklands Government on wildlife and conservation. His first book, The Falkland Islands, was published in 1972. In the same year Strange was able, with additional sponsorship, to purchase New Island as a reserve and wildlife research centre.

## Publications

* 1972 – The Falkland Islands. David & Charles. ISBN 9780715355855 (second edition 1981, third edition 1983)
* 1976 – The Bird Man: An Autobiography. Gordon & Cremonesi: London. ISBN 0-86033-015-X
* 1981 – Penguin World. Putnam. ISBN 0-396-08000-6
* 1985 – The Falklands: South Atlantic Islands. Dodd Mead. ISBN 9780396086161
* 1987 – The Falkland Islands and their Natural History. David & Charles: Newton Abbot, Devon, UK. ISBN 0-715-38833-9
* 1990 – Collins Field Guide to the Wildlife of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780002198394
* 1995 – The Striated Caracara Phalcoboenus australis in the Falkland Islands. Author.
* 2005 – Atmosphere – Landscapes of the Falkland Islands. (With Georgina Strange). Design in Nature. ISBN 0-9550708-0-5
# John Shannon (defensive lineman)

John Byron Shannon (born January 18, 1965) is an American former professional football defensive lineman. He played two seasons for the Chicago Bears.
# Ecuadorian Civil War of 1932

The Ecuadorian Civil War was a war fought in August 1932 between supporters and opponents of president Isidro Ayora.

## Background

In the aftermath of the Wall Street crash of 1929, Ecuadorian cacao exports dropped dramatically. Widespread unemployment and poor living conditions led to the unopposed military coup of 1931, effectively ending the rule of president Isidro Ayora. Supported by the far-right, lower class movement of Compactación Obrera Nacional, Neptalí Bonifaz Ascázubi became the Ecuadorian president.
In August 1932, a variety of liberal and leftist Congress members blocked Bonifaz's assumption of power, thus starting the war.

## Civil war

A four-day conflict ensued. The Quito garrison, supported by pro presidential paramilitaries succeeded in suspending the work of the Congress. Despite the initial success, Bonifaz failed to remain in power, as the majority of the armed forces stationed in Quito avoided any involvement in the conflict. Aided by provincial regiments, the anti-presidential paramilitaries later restored the Congress into power, ending Bonifaz's reign. Over 2,000 people were killed in the fighting.

## In popular culture

Experiences related to the Ecuadorian civil war have inspired a large number of Oswaldo Guayasamín's early works, including "Los Niños Muertos".

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 "Article". 16 December 2000. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
* ↑ "For la Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America". Retrieved 14 September 2014.
* ↑ "Of Rage and Redemption" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
# Park Avenue Peerage

Park Avenue Peerage was a 2007 blog about Manhattan socialites. It was run anonymously and was the primary competitor to another anonymous blog called Socialite Rank. After blogger James Kurisunkal, an 18-year-old college student from Illinois, revealed his identity, he was offered an internship at New York Magazine. Kurisunkal is now known as Morgan Olivia Rose.
The story of the blog was documented in a 2023 film called Queenmaker: The Making of an It Girl. The film, which first aired on Hulu, was directed by Zackary Drucker.
# Don Graham (rugby league)

Donald Richard Graham (3 May 1922 – 3 December 1953) was an Australian rugby league player who played in the 1940s and 1950s.

## Career

Originally from Tamworth, New South Wales and after being discharged from the Army, Graham began his Sydney league career in 1946. He played two seasons for St. George between 1946-1947 (including the 1946 Grand Final), moving to England he played for Hunslet and Featherstone Rovers, moving back to Australia he played for Parramatta for three seasons between 1950-1952.

## Death

Graham died in Blakehurst, New South Wales on 3 December 1953 from cancer, aged 31.
# Batesville, Ohio

Batesville is a village in Noble County, Ohio, United States. The population was 101 at the 2020 census. Batesville was originally called Williamsburg, and under the latter name was laid out in 1827.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.14 square miles (0.36 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 71 people, 28 households, and 18 families living in the village. The population density was 507.1 inhabitants per square mile (195.8/km$^2$). There were 35 housing units at an average density of 250.0 per square mile (96.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 95.8% White, 1.4% African American, and 2.8% from two or more races.
There were 28 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 28.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.
The median age in the village was 41.3 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 100 people, 40 households, and 28 families living in the village. The population density was 402.7 inhabitants per square mile (155.5/km$^2$). There were 43 housing units at an average density of 173.2 per square mile (66.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.
There were 40 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 33.0% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,616. There were 12.1% of families and 17.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 24.4% of under eighteens and 10.5% of those over 64.

## Notable people

* Margaret Keenan Harrais (1872-1964), American educator, suffragist, temperance reformer, and government official
# Benhamou

Benhamou is a surname common in the Maghreb, meaning "son of Hayyim" or "son of Mohammed". It is typically used by Jews and to a lesser extent, Muslims.
Notable people with the name include:
* Éric Benhamou (born 1955), IT professional and businessman
* Daphna Poznanski-Benhamou (born 1950), French politician
* Judith Benhamou-Huet, French journalist and art specialist
* Mohamed Benhamou (born 1979), Algerian footballer
* Jamal Benhamou Moroccan American Amazigh activist and professor
# Spinazzola

Spinazzola (Barese: Spenazzòle) is a town and comune in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, southern Italy. Spinazzola had a population of 6,515 as of December 31 2017. Spinazzola is approximately 70km away from Bari.

## People

* Pope Innocent XII was born here in the castle of the Pignatelli family, now destroyed.
* Michele Ruggieri (1543–1607), Jesuit missionary in China, first European sinologist, was born in Spinazzola.

## Twin cities

* Verbania, Italy
# Brian O'Neill (died 1617)

Brian O'Neill (Irish: Brian Ó Néill; c. 1604 – 16 August 1617), also known as Bernard or Con Brian, was a seventeenth-century Irish noble and the youngest son of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. He joined his parents on the Flight of the Earls and was later found dead in Brussels, possibly killed by an English assassin.

## Family

Brian O'Neill was the son of Irish lord Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and his fourth wife Catherine Magennis. Tyrone was Chief of the Name of the O'Neill clan, Tír Eoghain's ruling Gaelic Irish noble family. Catherine, Countess of Tyrone, was born into the Magennis family of Rathfriland.
Brian had two full-brothers, Conn and Shane. Born c. 1604, Brian was Tyrone's youngest son. Shane was born in 1599, and Conn was born c. 1602. Conversely, the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland claims that Shane was Tyrone's youngest son.

## Flight of the Earls

Brian, Shane and their parents took part in the Flight of the Earls, leaving Ireland for mainland Europe in September 1607. Conn could not be located in time, and was left behind in Ireland. As the Irish refugees travelled through Europe, Brian and Shane were left in Leuven in the care of Irish Franciscans. Their parents continued to Rome. The brothers were raised at St Anthony's College in the company of fellow infant nobles Hugh Albert O'Donnell (son of Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell) and Hugh O'Donnell (son of Cathbarr O'Donnell). Brian became a page to Archduke Albert VII.

## Death

At 6pm on 16 August 1617, Brian was found dead in his room in Brussels. His death was under suspicious circumstances, as he had been hanged with his hands tied behind his back. Ensign Cormack (brother to Owen Roe O'Neill) attended the youngsters and was investigated, but no foul play was determined. At the time, his cause of death was not conclusively proven. Paul Walsh calls Brian's death an "assassinat[ion]". John O'Hart says Brian was "strangled in his bedroom in Brussels... by an English assassin". Conversely, Jerrold Casway states that Brian died "as the result of an accident during a children's game".
Brian was thirteen years old at the time of his death, predeceasing his mother Catherine. His death caused great despair and isolation in his mother, who had lost her husband only the previous year.
Brian was buried in St Anthony's College, Leuven.
# Henry Kemp

Henry Kemp may refer to:
* Henry Kemp of Thomastoun (fl. 1526–1554), Scottish courtier to King James V
* Henry Tacy Kemp (1821–1901), New Zealand translator and civil servant
* Henry Kemp (politician) (1912–1973), Australian politician.
* Henry Kemp-Blair (1930–1986), South African playwright
# Cincalok

Cincalok (Jawi: چنچالوق), also cencaluk, is a Malay condiment that originated in Malacca, Malaysia, consumed by Malays, Peranakans and Kristangs. Its origins can be traced back to the Portuguese occupation of Malacca. This condiment consists of fermented small shrimp or krill, which are called udang geragau in Melaka and are easily identifiable in the mixture. It is predominantly salty in taste, and is usually served together with chillis, shallots and lime juice. Sir R. O. Winstedt has written about "Cencaluk" in Malaysia in his book "The Circumstances of Malay Life - 1909". This shrimp is seasonally available in Pantai Klebang, Limbongan, Tanjung Kling and several coastal areas.
Presently, cincalok making enterprises are gaining ground in several areas in the state of Melaka. The state government itself has designated the State Legislative Assembly constituency Sungai Udang as the area to produce cincalok in the 'Satu DUN Satu Produk' plan.
Apart from that, cincalok is also now easily available at roadside stalls and in the markets around the state.
The consumption of cincalok has also spread to Riau and West Kalimantan in Indonesia. It is similar to bagoong alamang (see shrimp paste) in the Philippines and khoei chalu (Thai: เคยฉลู) in Thailand.

## Cincalok manufacturing

The process of making cincalok requires several steps. Fresh small prawns (udang geragau) are combined with salt and rice in equal proportions. After the ingredients are thoroughly mixed, they are sealed in a jar and allowed to ferment for three days. There are also cincalok-makers who increase the proportion of rice in the mixture, believing it to enhance the taste of the finished product.
As the finished product is fermented in a sealed glass container, pressure builds up inside the container. Hence, care must be taken when opening a pressurized container of ready-made cincalok.
# Greg Dennis

Gregory Dennis (1926-2017) was an Australian rugby league footballer from the 1940s.
Greg Dennis played his junior league at Thirroul, New South Wales and was selected to represent Southern Districts against the touring British Lions team in 1946 aged only 19. He joined St. George Dragons in 1947 for one season, but struggled to retain a first grade spot during the season. He retired from Sydney football at the conclusion of 1947 and returned to Thirroul.
# Wisconsin's congressional districts

Wisconsin is currently divided into 8 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2020 census, the number of Wisconsin's seats remained unchanged.
Wisconsin’s congressional districts are an example of partisan gerrymandering, in this case in favor of the Republican Party.

## Current districts and representatives

List of members of the United States House delegation from Wisconsin, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings, according to the Cook Partisan Voting Index. The delegation in the 118th United States Congress has a total of 8 members, including 6 Republicans and 2 Democrats.
Current U.S. representatives from Wisconsin :
| District | Member (Residence) | Party | Incumbent since | CPVI (2022) |
| 1st | Bryan Steil (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 2019 | R+3 |
| 2nd | Mark Pocan (Vermont) | Democratic | January 3, 2013 | D+19 |
| 3rd | Derrick Van Orden (Prairie du Chien) | Republican | January 3, 2023 | R+4 |
| 4th | Gwen Moore (Milwaukee) | Democratic | January 3, 2005 | D+25 |
| 5th | Scott Fitzgerald (Clyman) | Republican | January 3, 2021 | R+14 |
| 6th | Glenn Grothman (Glenbeulah) | Republican | January 3, 2015 | R+10 |
| 7th | Tom Tiffany (Minocqua) | Republican | May 19, 2020 | R+12 |
| 8th | Tony Wied (De Pere) | Republican | November 12, 2024 | R+10 |

## Historical and present district boundaries

Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Wisconsin, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Wisconsin between 1973 and 2013 are shown.
* Year
* 1973–1982
* 1983–1992
* 1993–2002
* 2003–2013
* 2013–2023

## Obsolete districts

* Wisconsin Territory's at-large congressional district
* Wisconsin's 9th congressional district
* Wisconsin's 10th congressional district
* Wisconsin's 11th congressional district
# Thomas Weaver (painter)

Thomas Weaver (1774 – 1843) was an English painter, mainly of livestock and horses, who was trained by John Boultbee.
# Hilton Kidd

Hilton Kidd (1922–2011) was an Australian rugby league player who played in the 1940s and 1950s.
Kidd played four seasons at Balmain between 1945–1948 as a prop-forward. He also played one season with Manly-Warringah in 1951. Kidd won a premiership with Balmain in 1946.
Kidd died on 16 December 2011.
# Henrique de Mendonça

Henrique José Monteiro de Mendonça GOC GCM GOIP (4 February 1864 – 1 November 1942) was an influential Portuguese capitalist in Lisbon and important landowner in the Portuguese colony of São Tomé and Príncipe; he was one of the protagonists of the economic phenomenon that saw that colony turn into one of the world's main producers and exporters of cocoa in the early 20th century.
Henrique de Mendonça was President of the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1911 to 1913, and, from 1930 to 1942, National President of the Portuguese Red Cross.
He commissioned architect Miguel Ventura Terra a mansion in the Avenidas Novas, a new area of the city of Lisbon created as it expanded north absorbing nearby rural areas and farmlands. The works lasted from 1900 to 1909 and, that year, the project received the prestigious Valmor Prize. Following its purchase in 2016 by the Ismaili Imamat, the Aga Khan IV officially designated the palace as the "Diwan of the Ismaili Imamat".

## Distinctions
### National orders

* Grand Officer of the Order of Christ (13 January 1920)
* Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (17 June 1933)
* Grand Officer of the Order of Public Instruction (24 May 1927)
# Cypress X Rusko

Cypress X Rusko is a collaborative extended play by American hip hop group Cypress Hill and British dubstep producer Rusko. The five track album was released on June 5, 2012 digitally and on August 14, 2012 on vinyl. It debuted at number 50 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.
The EP produced two singles, "Roll It, Light It" and "Can't Keep Me Down" which features Damian Marley. On the amalgamation of the two styles of music, Sen Dog of Cypress Hill explains "I think dubstep is a natural progression of hip-hop... Especially the way that we formulated it with Rusko. There's definitely some roughness to it."

## Personnel

* Chris Mercer – producer, mixing
* Louis Freese – vocals
* Senen Reyes – vocals
* Luca Pretolesi – mastering
* Frank Maddocks – art direction, design, photography
* Damian Marley – vocals (track 4)
* Demerick Shelton – vocals (track 5)
# Tomm Polos

Thomas Polos (born April 17, 1988) is an American actor, humorist and writer best known for his role as Owen on the Move in a series of AT&T television commercials.

## Life and career

Polos was born in Katonah, New York. He is an alumnus of the British American Drama Academy and the USC School of Dramatic Arts. While at USC, he was the basketball mascot and was elected commencement speaker for his Bachelor of Fine Arts program.
He has advocated for Camp Sunshine, a retreat for children with terminal illnesses in Casco, Maine and has participated in endurance events to raise money and awareness for the program and other charities.
He regularly appears on television and has played the role of AT&T's Owen on the Move since 2015.
Polos' works have been reported on by the New York Post, CBS Radio, TMZ.com and Time magazine.