OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Max Heldt

Max Wilhelm August Heldt (4 November 1872 – 27 December 1933) was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 1924 to 1929.

## Life

Heldt was born on 4 November 1872 in Potsdam, Prussia, German Empire (present-day Brandenburg, Germany). He served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 4 January 1924 to 26 June 1929. Heldt died on 27 December 1933 at the age of 61 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
# Łan, Lublin Voivodeship

Łan is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Uhruska, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.
# Łaszczów

Łaszczów is a town in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łaszczów. It lies approximately 25 km (16 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski and 114 km (71 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
The town has a population of 2,341.

## History

The history of Łaszczów dates back to 1549, when King Sigismund II Augustus allowed Podkomorzy of Bełz and Castellan of Horodło Aleksander Łaszcz to change his own village of Domaniz into a town of Prawda (named after Prawdzic coat of arms). The royal bill was signed on December 22, 1549, at Piotrków Trybunalski.
The town of Prawda was founded next to the village. By the 1570s, its name was changed into Łaszczów (after the Łaszcz family). Łaszczów had Magdeburg rights, and during the Protestant Reformation, became important center of the Polish Brethren. It had a prayer house and a printing shop, which operated until 1603. Łaszczów was a regional trade and business center, but its prosperity ended after Swedish invasion of Poland (1655–1660).
In 1702, the town was burnt by Swedes, during the Great Northern War, and in 1745, Józef Łaszcz, owner of Łaszczów, initiated construction of a church and Jesuit collegium. In 1754, Łaszczów burnt in a great fire, after which its owners ordered residents to build brick houses.
Following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Trawniki was annexed by Austria. After the Polish victory in the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, Łaszczów became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. Town rights were revoked by the Tsarist administration in 1870 as part of anti-Polish repressions following the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising. By 1902, its population grew to 2,600, with Jews in the majority. In 1914, during World War I, heavy Russian – Austrian fighting took place in the area, and in 1915, Austrians built narrow gauge railroad from Uhnów to Włodzimierz Wołyński, via Łaszczów.
During the Invasion of Poland by the Germans in World War II, Łaszczów saw Polish–German fighting. Afterwards it was occupied by Germany until 1944. It was the site of two massacres of Poles, the first committed by Ukrainian nationalists on June 21, 1941, with 30 victims, and the second committed by the German Gestapo and an ethnic Ukrainian SS unit on December 25, 1942 with 75 victims. The 1,500–2,500 Jews from the town were transported to the Belzec extermination camp on May 17, 1942. In June 1944, Łaszczów was burnt by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
Municipal rights were restored on 1 January 2010.
# Ławki, Tomaszów Lubelski County

Ławki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Lubelski, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Herambasuta

Herambasuta (Devanagari:हेरम्बसुत, IAST:Heraṃbasuta) was an Indian Tantric yogi who belonged to the vamachara Ganapatya sect. The tenth century work Śaṅkaravijaya attributed to certain Ānandagiri mentions the cult of Ucchiṣṭa Gaṇapati led by Herambasuta. The name of the group derives from Ucchiṣṭa (leftovers) in reference to the foods left over at the end of the ritual to the deity. In Tantric context, food is deliberately left in the mouth in order to render them ritually impure. According to the scripture mentioned above, Herambasuta held many unorthodox views, and the worship included Pañca Makāra.
The form of worship Herambasuta expounded was : there was no caste restriction, promiscuity was allowed and the followers wore a red mark on the forehead. According to R. G. Bhandarkar it was an imitation of Kaula form of worship.
# Łazy, Lublin Voivodeship

Łazy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łuków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Łuków and 75 km (47 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
The Polish pianist and composer Henryk Pachulski was born here, as was his elder brother Władysław Pachulski, also a musician who became the son-in-law of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's patroness Nadezhda von Meck and played a significant role in the breakdown of their relationship.
# Richard Burke (Alabama politician)

Richard Burke (c. 1807 - 1870) was a Baptist preacher, an educator, and a state representative in Alabama. He was involved in the Union League. A few nights after a political meeting of African Americans, he was murdered. In Sumter County numerous African American Union League members were shot.
Burke was born in Virginia. Burke established a school for African Americans in Sumter County, Alabama and represented the county in the Alabama House of Representatives in 1869 and 1870.
Turner Reavis owned Burke when he was enslaved and testified during hearing in the U.S. Congress investigating activities of the Ku Klux Klan about Burke's activities at the political meeting and about his murder.
# Łomnica, Lublin Voivodeship

Łomnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Urszulin, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Urszulin, 35 km (22 mi) west of Włodawa, and 42 km (26 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Thomas Cage

Thomas A. Cage (c. 1845 – December 10, 1896) was a state legislator who served in the Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era and the Louisiana House of Representatives and again the Louisiana State Senate post reconstruction.

## Biography

Cage was born as a slave in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana in 1845 and was freed during the American Civil War by the Union Army. His father was Euro-American and his mother was a plantation slave of African descent. He took the name Cage from the sugar plantation's owner Jim Cage.
After the war he moved north from Louisiana and gained an education before returning to Louisiana in 1869. During the reconstruction era he was the editor of the Terrebonne Republican and had acquired a plantation, which he was still successfully running in 1883.
Cage was also a member of the board of trustees of the Southern University at New Orleans appointed in February 1883.

## Political career

In 1870 he was elected as a justice of the peace for Houma, Louisiana and in 1871 he was appointed to the position of parish assessor and tax collector by governor Henry C. Warmoth.
He represented Terrebonne as a delegate at the Republican State Convention held in New Orleans in August 1871 where he served on the Committee on Address whose job was to "draft resolutions and an address to the people of Louisiana".
Cage was first elected to the legislature in 1872 to serve in the Louisiana State Senate for the 8th district. He was re-elected in 1876, but Isaiah D. Moore later challenged the result but lost the challenge in a ruling in March 1878. He served from 1872 until 1880 when he was ousted due to the constitution reform of 1879.
He then ran for sheriff for Terrebonne Parish in 1880 and won the position with over 60% of the votes and served four years in the role.
Next Cage was elected to serve in the Louisiana House of Representatives, representing Terrebonne along with G. W. Lyons, and served from 1884 until 1888.
In 1888 Cage again ran for the senate now after the new constitution for a seat serving three parishes, he was duly elected and served one term from 1888 until 1892. During this term he relocated to New Orleans after labor issues caused troubles in Terrebonne Parish.
Cage served as the Republican state central committee chairman during the 1880s and 1890s and remained active in politics until his death at the end of the nineteenth century.

## Death

He died at his home on Cypress Street in New Orleans December 10, 1896 after suffering an illness that his doctors gave up on and his death was not unexpected. Although he handled much money during his career he died a relatively poor man, but he did own a store on the corner of Cypress and Derbingy streets where he lived with his family. He was not a religious man with a negative view of many preachers and he was buried in Girod cemetery.
# Edward I. Cain

Edward Israel Cain (1837 - January 13, 1892) served in the South Carolina House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. He represented Orangeburg. Enslaved from birth he escaped during the American Civil War and served in the Union Army. He served as school commissioner and Sheriff of Orangeburg. He is buried in the Fort Motte area He had a son James L. Cain. James L. was a revered principal and educator who has an elementary school named for him.
Edward Israel Cain was an Orderly Sergeant in Company H of the 135th United States Colored Troops during Civil War. He served in the South Carolina House of Representative representing Orangeburg's Fort Motte District during the Reconstruction era from 1868 to 1870 and was a member of the 1868 South Carolina Constitutional Convention. He was Orangeburg County's sheriff from 1872 to 1875 and served as Orangeburg District commissioner of education in 1871. He is buried in Fort Motte.
He and Samuel L. Duncan were honored in a South Carolina Senate resolution in February 8, 2023.
# Robotniczy Klub Sportowy "Skała"

Robotniczy Klub Sportowy „Skała" ('Workers Sport Club "Rock"', abbreviated RKS) was a Jewish Communist sports organization in Wyszków, Poland, active during the interbellum years. Founded in 1928, RKS was one of two Jewish sports organizations in the city (the other being Makabi). The club had a football team.
RKS had initially appealed to Jewish workers across party lines, with the slogan that "...if you are a worker, you belong in this club". However, the political unity became short-lived. The communists seized control over the club. Just a few weeks after its foundation, the Poale Zion Left followers split away and set up a third Jewish sports organization in the city (Gwiazda).
RKS had more than 200 members (100 men, 70 women and 40 children). Its members were largely from the Jewish Section of the Communist Party. However, there were also some unaffiliated workers that remained as members of the club.
# Hayate Matsuda

Hayate Matsuda (松田 隼風, Matsuda Hayate, born 2 October 2003) is a Japanese footballer who plays as a left-back for Hannover 96 II, on loan from Mito HollyHock.

## Club career

In September 2021, Matsuda was announced as a designated special player for J2 League side Mito HollyHock.
On 8 June 2023, Matsuda was announced at Hannover 96 II on loan.

## International career

In April 2022, Matsuda was called up to the Japan national under-19 football team for the first time.
Matsuda was called up to the Japan U-20 squad for the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 25 July 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Mito HollyHock | 2021 | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Mito HollyHock | 2022 | J2 League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Mito HollyHock | 2023 | J2 League | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Mito HollyHock | Total | Total | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| Hannover 96 II (loan) | 2023–24 | Regionalliga Nord | 26 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | 28 | 3 |
| Hannover 96 II (loan) | 2024–25 | 3. Liga | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Hannover 96 II (loan) | Total | Total | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 46 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 48 | 4 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in 3. Liga promotion play-offs
# Muhammad Inuwa Idris

Muhammad Inuwa Idris (born 1960) is a retired Nigerian Army major general who served as the 26th Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA). He was appointed Commandant on 26 December 2013 and succeeded as Commandant by Major General M.T. Ibrahim on 9 August 2015.

## Background and education

Idris was enlisted as Officer Cadet at the Nigerian Defence Academy in 1980 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1983. He was posted to the Infantry Corps on commission but was redeployed to the Intelligence Corps.
Maj Gen Idris holds two master's degrees from the US National Defense University (NDU) in Washington DC: the first is Master of Science in National Security Strategy obtained from the National War College while the second is Master of Arts in Strategic Security Studies obtained from the College of International Security Affairs. He also holds a Graduate Certificate in International Counterterrorism from NDU, a bachelor's degree in War Studies from University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan; and a Postgraduate Diploma, in Diplomatic Studies from the University of Westminster, London, UK.

## Career

Prior to becoming Commandant of the NDA, Maj Gen Idris was the Deputy Commandant and Director of Studies of the Nigerian National Defence College. During his time in these roles he implemented reforms in educational doctrine, international partnerships, curricular development, and organisational structure. including His previous assignments include:
* Commandant of the Nigerian Army Intelligence School (NAIS)
* Directing Staff at the National Defence College
* Chief of Staff Nigerian Army Intelligence Corps
* Colonel General Staff Nigerian Army Intelligence Corps
* Military Assistant and Principal General Staff Officer, Office of the National Security Adviser
* Commander Strategic Intelligence Support Group
* Officer Commanding Field Intelligence Detachment
* Deputy Defence Adviser
* Officer Commanding VIP Protection Detachment
* Staff Officer Coordination
* Desk Officer
* Infantry Platoon Commander
# Abandoned Barge Act of 1992

Abandoned Barge Act of 1992, known as the Oceans Act of 1992, is United States federal law prohibiting the abandonment of barges in navigable and territorial waters. The Act of Congress establishes financial penalties and removal procedures for unattended barges exceeding forty-five days. The federal statute provides the U.S. Secretary of Transportation authority to contract with barge removal contractors for abandoned barges of more than one hundred gross tons.
The 1992 legislation was drafted as House Bill H.R. 5397 and Senate Bill S. 3262. The H.R. 5397 bill was superseded by House Bill H.R. 5617 finalizing the Oceans Act of 1992. The Act was passed by the 102nd United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 41st President of the United States George H.W. Bush on November 4, 1992.

## Provisions of the Act

The Act amended Title 46 Shipping creating Chapter 47 Abandonment of Barges with five codified sections defining enforcement for abandoned flat-bottomed marine vessels navigating the America's Marine Highway.
    46 U.S.C. § 4701 ~ Definitions
    46 U.S.C. § 4702 ~ Abandonment of barge prohibited
    46 U.S.C. § 4703 ~ Penalty for unlawful abandonment of barge
    46 U.S.C. § 4704 ~ Removal of abandoned barges
    46 U.S.C. § 4705 ~ Liability of barge removal contractors

## Legislative history

* On July 9, 1992, H.R. 5617 was introduced in the House and referred to the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee. Rep. Gerry Studds (D-MA-10) sponsored the bill and Rep. Don Young (R-AK-At Large) was the co-sponsor.
* On July 15, 1992, the bill was referred to the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment.
* On September 23, 1992, the bill was discharged from the Subcommittee and marked up by the committee.
* On September 29, 1992, the bill was reported by the Committee in H.R. Rep. No. 102-927. However, the Committee Report only discussed other aspects of the Oceans Act and did not discuss the Abandoned Barge Act contained in Title V, Subtitle C of the enacted legislation.
* On October 6, 1992, the bill passed the House by voice vote on motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended.
* On October 7, 1992, the bill passed the Senate without amendment by voice vote.
* On October 26, 1992, the bill was presented to the President.
* On November 4, 1992, the bill was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 102-587.

## Amendments

The Abandoned Barge Act has been amended several times:
* The method of measuring tonnage under 46 U.S.C. § 4701 was amended in 1996.
* Stylistic changes were made to 46 U.S.C. §§ 4702 and 4705 in 2006.

## Rulemaking

In 1998, the Coast Guard issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to "establish a statutorily required numbering system for undocumented barges more than 100 gross tons operating on the navigable waters of the United States" in order to " identify parties responsible for the illegal abandonment of barges and prevent future marine pollution from abandoned barges."
# Blanche B. Boyer

Blanche Beatrice Boyer (February 22, 1896 – January 12, 1984) was an American classical philologist who was a leading authority in the history of insular script, a medieval script system of Irish origin.

## Biography

Blanche Beatrice Boyer, daughter of Edward Errett Boyer and Edna Narcissa Beck, was born on February 22, 1896, in Brocton, Illinois. She studied at the University of Chicago where she got her Bachelor of Arts in 1920, her Master of Arts in 1921, and her Doctor of Philosophy in 1925. Her dissertation was On the Lost Codex Veronensis of Catullus.
In the early-1920s, Boyer began working as an instructor in Greek and Latin at Saint Xavier College. In 1925, she later moved to Allegheny College, where she then became assistant professor of Latin. In 1927, she moved to Mount Holyoke College as assistant professor of Latin and was promoted to associate professor in 1929, remaining there until 1938. In 1938, she moved to University of Chicago and remained there until 1961, being promoted from Assistant Professor to Professor of Latin during then and serving as acting chair of the Department of Latin Language and Literature from 1947 to 1950.
As an academic, Boyer specialized in palaeography and Medieval Latin philology. She was also known as a leading authority in the history of insular script. John Francis Latimer said of A Critical Edition of Peter Abelard's 'Sic et Non', her 1976 joint publication with Richard McKeon: "[it] combined various opinions on doctrine, but made no attempt to reconcile the various views". She served as an associate editor for Classical Philology from 1940 until 1961.
Boyer was appointed as a Guggenheim Fellow in 1929 and 1930. She received an American Council of Learned Societies grant in 1933.
Boyer died on January 12, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois.
# Hantu (supernatural creature)

Hantu is the Malay and Indonesian word for spirit or ghost. In modern usage it generally means spirits of the dead but has also come to refer to any legendary invisible being, such as demons. In its traditional context the term also referred to animistic nature spirits or ancestral souls. The word is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanitu and Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu. Cognates in other Austronesian languages include the Micronesian aniti, Lio language nitu, Yami anito, Taivoan alid, Seediq and Atayal utux, Bunun hanitu or hanidu, Polynesian aitu or atua, and Tsou hicu among the Formosan languages. In terms of concept and place in traditional folklore, it is most similar to the Filipino anito.

## Types

Aside from generic spirits of the dead, there exist various forms of Hantu including both the benign and malevolent.
* Hantu Air: spirit inhabiting the water
* Hantu Beruk: ape demon
* Hantu Belian: tiger spirit
* Hantu Musang: a civet cat spirit that is invoked in a game of possession
* Hantu Pusaka: grave demon
* Hantu Raya: great demon. This hantu is considered the strongest among evil spirits of the jungles of Malaysia, and takes the appearance of its owner.
* Hantu Rimba: deep-forest demon
* Hantu Tinggi: tall hantu that is associated with trees
* Pontianak: a woman who died in childbirth and kills woman and children, often regarded as one of the most feared and malevolent hantu.
# Ferapontov Monastery

The Ferapontov Monastery is a monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ferapontovo, Kirillovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The monastery was founded by Saint Ferapont in 1398. The In 2000, the monastery was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

## History

The monastery was founded by Saint Ferapont in 1398 in the Russian North, to the east from the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, named after his fellow monk, Saint Cyril of Beloozero. The fame of the monastery started to spread under Kirill's disciple, Saint Martinian, who was to become a father superior of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1447.
Even after Martinian's death, his monastery was protected and favoured by members of Ivan III's family. The most ancient structure, the Cathedral of Nativity of the Virgin (1490), was built in brick by the masters of Rostov. This edifice is the best preserved of three sister cathedrals erected in the 1490s in the Russian North. All the interior walls are covered with invaluable frescoes by the great medieval painter Dionisius. This is the last surviving Russian medieval church with fully painted walls.
During the 1530s, they added a treasury, a refectory, and the unique Annunciation church surmounted by a belfry. At that time the monastery enjoyed special privileges conferred upon it by Ivan the Terrible, and possessed some 60 villages in the vicinity. The tsar himself frequently visited the monastery as a pilgrim.
In the Time of Troubles, the monastery was ravaged by the Poles. During its recovery the last buildings — the tent-like church of Saint Martinian (1641), a two-tented barbican church (1650), and a bell-tower (1680) — were added to the complex. The belfry clocks (1638) are said to be the oldest in Russia.
As the monastery gradually lost its religious importance, it was being turned into a place of exile for distinguished clerics, such as the Patriarch Nikon. It was abolished by Emperor Paul in 1798, reinstituted as a convent in 1904, closed by the Bolsheviks 20 years later, and turned into a museum in 1975. The museum constitutes a part of the Russky Sever (Russian North) National Park since 1991.
As of January 2013, images of the monastery and grounds were available via Google Street View.
* Difficulty of access helped preserve the monastery intact since the 17th century.
* St Nicholas, the patron saint of Russian merchants. Fresco by Dionisius from the Ferapontov Monastery.