OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paleoseismology

Paleoseismology looks at geologic sediments and rocks, for signs of ancient earthquakes. It is used to supplement seismic monitoring, for the calculation of seismic hazard. Paleoseismology is usually restricted to geologic regimes that have undergone continuous sediment creation for the last few thousand years, such as swamps, lakes, river beds and shorelines.
In this typical example, a trench is dug in an active sedimentation regime. Evidence of thrust faulting can be seen in the walls of the trench. It becomes a matter of deducting the relative age of each fault, by cross-cutting patterns. The faults can be dated in absolute terms, if there is dateable carbon, or human artifacts.
Many notable discoveries have been made using the techniques of paleoseismology. For example, there is a common misconception that having many smaller earthquakes can somehow 'relieve' a major fault such as the San Andreas Fault, and reduce the chance of a major earthquake. It is now known (using paleoseismology) that nearly all the movement of the fault takes place with extremely large earthquakes. All of these seismic events (with a moment magnitude of over 8), leave some sort of trace in the sedimentation record.
Another famous example involves the megathrust earthquakes of the Pacific Northwest. It was thought for some time that there was low seismic hazard in the region because relatively few modern earthquakes have been recorded. It was thought that the Cascadia subduction zone was merely sliding in a benign manner.
All of these comforting notions were shattered by paleoseismology studies showing evidence of extremely large earthquakes (the most recent being in 1700), along with historical tsunami records. In effect, the subduction zone under British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and far northern California, is perfectly normal, being extremely hazardous in the long term, with the capability of generating coastal tsunamis of several hundred feet in height at the coast. These are caused by the interface between the subducted sea floor stressing the overlaying coastal soils in compression. Periodically a slip will occur which causes the coastal portion to reduce in elevation and thrust toward the west, leading to tsunamis in the central and eastern north Pacific Ocean (with several hours of warning) and a reflux of water toward the coastal shore, with little time for residents to escape.

## Paleoseismic trenching

Paleoseismic investigations are commonly performed through trenching studies in which a trench is dug and a geologist logs the geological attributes of the rock layers. Trenching studies are especially relevant to seismically active regions, such as many parts of California.
# Gundleton

Gundleton is a village in Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Bighton. Its nearest railway station is the restored Watercress Line in New Alresford, about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the village.
* This Hampshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# IKon videography

The videography of South Korean group iKon consists of 19 music videos, 6 concert tour videos and 3 music video compilation. The group sold over 40,000 physical DVD/Blu-ray in Japan as a group.

## Video albums
### Concert tour videos

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Sales ||
| Title | Album details | DVD | Blu-ray | Sales |
| 2015-2016 iKoncert 'Showtime' in Seoul Live DVD | Released: June 21, 2016 Labels: YG Entertainment Format: DVD | — | — | |
| iKoncert 2016 Showtime Tour in Japan | Released: June 22, 2016 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD, Blu-ray | 3 | 3 | JPN: 12,779 |
| iKON Japan Tour 2016 | Released: February 2, 2017 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD, Blu-ray | 1 | 1 | JPN: 18,048 |
| iKON Japan Dome Tour 2017 | Released: February 2, 2017 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD, Blu-ray | 4 | 24 | JPN: 12,840 |
| iKON Japan Dome Tour 2017 Additional Dates | Released: March 7, 2018 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD, Blu-ray | 5 | 8 | JPN: 5,245 |
| iKON Japan Tour 2019 | Released: December 4, 2019 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD, Blu-ray | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. |||||

### Other releases

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Sales ||
| Title | Album details | DVD | Blu-ray | Sales |
| 2016 iKon Season's Greetings | Released: December 23, 2016 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD | 25 | — | JPN: 2,416 |
| Kony's Summertime | Released: August 3, 2016 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD | 2 | — | JPN: 4,655 |
| Kony's Wintertime | Released: February 22, 2017 (JPN) Labels: YG Entertainment, YGEX Format: DVD | 2 | — | JPN: 5,415 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. |||||

## Music videos

| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| "My Type" (취향저격) | 2015 | Sa Min Han |
| "Rhythm Ta" (리듬 타) | 2015 | Seo Hyun-seung |
| "Airplane" | 2015 | Donald Yong |
| "Anthem" (이리오너라) | 2015 | Seo Hyun-seung |
| "Apology" (지못미) | 2015 | Sa Min Han |
| "What's Wrong?" (왜 또) | 2015 | Sa Min Han |
| "Dumb & Dumber" (덤앤더머) | 2015 | Seo Hyun-seung |
| "#WYD" (오늘 모해) | 2016 | Sa Min Han |
| "B-Day" (벌떼) | 2017 | Kim Young-jo & Yoo Soong-woo (NAIVE) |
| "Bling Bling" | 2017 | Seo Hyun-seung |
| "Love Scenario" (사랑을 했다) | 2018 | VM Project Architecture |
| "Killing Me" (죽겠다) | 2018 | VM Project Architecture |
| "Goodbye Road" (이별길) | 2018 | Sa Min Han |
| "I'm OK" | 2019 | VM Project Architecture |
| "Dive" (뛰어들게) | 2020 | Kwon Yong-soo |
| "Why Why Why" (왜왜왜) | 2021 | 725 (SL8 Visual Lab) |
| "But You" (너라는 이유) | 2022 | Yeom Woojin |
| "Tantara (Performance MV)" | 2023 | SNP Film |
| "U" | 2023 | SNP Film |
| "Panorama" Drama Version | 2023 | SNP Film |
# Qubadli District

39°16′N 46°32′E﻿ / ﻿39.267°N 46.533°E﻿ / 39.267; 46.533
Qubadli District (Azerbaijani: Qubadlı rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the Lachin, Khojavend, Jabrayil and Zangilan districts, and the Syunik Province of Armenia.
Its capital and largest city is Qubadli. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 41,600.

## History

The region was part of the Kurdistansky Uyezd and later the Kurdistan Okrug in the Azerbaijani SSR from 7 July 1923 to 23 July 1930. To its Kurdish population, it was known as Qûbadlî.
The district was established on 14 March 1933.
The district came was seized by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh in August 1993 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Azerbaijani forces regained control of all of the district during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

## Demographics

According to the last Soviet census of 1989, the population was 28,110. According to undated Azerbaijani data, the population was 34,100.
As of 1979, a total of 26,673 people:
* Azerbaijanis 99,5% (26,537)
* Russians 0,2% (45)
* Armenians 0,1% (26)
As of 1989 a total of 28,110 people.
# Rudolf Baranik

Rudolf Baranik (September 10, 1920 – March 6, 1998) was an artist, educator, and writer.
Born in Lithuania, he immigrated to the United States in 1938, when his family sent him to live with a relative in Chicago. His parents were secular Jewish socialists and were killed by the Nazis during the Second World War. Baranik was well known in the art world for his political advocacy, and was one of the first artists to organize protests against the war in Vietnam. Some of his best known works are the Napalm Elegies, a series of 30 antiwar paintings created between 1967 and 1974. His art was inspired by his sense of the gross inequities around the world, and he led virtually every progressive political movement within the New York art world from the 1960s to the mid-1990s. Significant exhibitions and awards include:1981 Guggenheim Fellowship in Fine Arts, 1982 "Art Couples 1: May Stevens and Rudolf Baranik," P.S. 1, New York, NY, and 1966 Peace Tower. Baranik's art is included in many collections, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Hirshhorn Museum.
Baranik died in Eldorado, New Mexico in 1998.
The paintings of Rudolf Baranik are increasingly thought to be among the most important works of the New York School painting of the 1960s and 1970s, with the late paintings in particular considered by American art critic, Donald Kuspit, "the true climax of fifty years of Western abstract painting."
# Durrr

Durrr may refer to:
* Durrr Burger, the character from the 2017 video game Fortnite
* Tom Dwan, a nickname for the American professional poker player
# Kiswarani (Cusco)

Kiswarani (Aymara kiswara Buddleja incana, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with kiswara", Hispanicized spelling Quisuarani) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. Its summit reaches about 4,600 m (15,092 ft) above sea level. The mountain is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Lares District, south of Lares. The village of Kiswarani and the Kiswarani River lie at its feet.
The private conservation area of 'Hatun Qiwña Kiswarani Qullana' (Hatun Queuña Quishuarani Collana) of the rural community of Kiswarani Qullana (Quishuarani Collana) lies at the mountain. It was founded in 2009. The aim of the project is to protect the polylepis pepei. The small area includes the southern slope of Kiswarani in the north and the lake Qiwñaqucha in the south.
# Kunturi (Cusco)

Kunturi (Aymara for condor, Hispanicized spelling Condori) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in the Andes of Peru, about 5,149.6 metres (16,895 ft) high. It is situated in the Espinar Province, Condoroma District. Kunturi lies south-east of Condoroma and the mountain Yanaqaqa (Yanacaca) and north of the mountain Pilluni (Pillone).
# Kuntur Sinqa (Paruro)

Kuntur Sinqa (Quechua kuntur condor, sinqa, nose, "condor nose", also spelled Condorsenja) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about 4,256.8 metres (13,966 ft) high. It lies in the Paruro Province, Pillpinto District. Kuntur Sinqa is situated west of the Apurímac River.
# Edward G. Novak

Edward G. Novak (April 16, 1917 - November 4, 2002) was an American politician, attorney, and FBI agent. A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, he served in the Minnesota Senate from 1959 to 1974.

## Early life and career

Novak was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on April 16, 1917. His father Boleslaw G. "Bill" Novak, a grocery store owner, served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1915 to 1918 and the Minnesota Senate from 1935 to 1958 as a member of the nonpartisan liberal caucus. Edward graduated from Cretin High School, a Catholic school in Saint Paul. He later attended some school at the College of St. Thomas and the University of Minnesota before receiving a law degree from the St. Paul College of Law. Prior to his political career, he worked in several government agencies, including as an enforcement officer with the War Assets Administration and as an FBI agent in the 1940s.

## Minnesota Senate

Novak was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1958, directly succeeding his father in district 38. As a senator, he represented parts of Ramsey County for a decade and a half; before the state returned to partisan elections, he was a nonpartisan member of the liberal caucus. He opposed a general sales tax and wrote a 1969 ballot question that, if it had passed, would have consolidated Saint Paul, its closest suburbs, and Ramsey County into a single city-county government. In June 1974, he left office to accept an appointment as the commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, triggering a special election that November. At the time of his appointment, Novak was the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee.

## Personal life

Novak lived his whole life in Saint Paul, much of it with his wife Maridee. He had three children and two grandchildren. He died of cancer in his Saint Paul home on November 4, 2002.
# Marconi (mountain)

Marconi (possibly from Aymara marqu a medical plant, -ni a suffix, "the one with the marqu plant") is a mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,340 m (17,520 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, Huayopata District, and in the Urubamba Province, Ollantaytambo District. It lies north of the Urubamba River, west of Veronica.
# Henri Carton de Tournai

Henri Joseph Georges Carton de Tournai (1878–1969) was a Belgian lawyer and Catholic Party politician who was a member of the Belgian Senate and Chamber of Representatives, and a government minister.

## Life

Carton de Tournai was born in Tournai, Belgium, on 19 February 1878. He studied at the Catholic University of Leuven and became a lawyer in his hometown. He was elected to the Senate for the Tournai-Ath constituency in 1919, serving until 1925, and was then elected to the Chamber of Representatives from the same constituency, serving until 1936, when he was again elected to the Senate.
He was appointed Minister of the Colonies on 11 March 1924, late in the government of Georges Theunis, and retained the portfolio under the short-lived premierships of Aloys Van de Vyvere and Prosper Poullet. He resigned when Poullet's government fell on 20 May 1926. He went on to serve as Minister of the Interior from February to October 1932, in the government of Jules Renkin. During the Second World War, he worked discreetly to provide relief to those suffering under the German occupation. His final term in parliament ended in February 1946, as he did not stand for re-election in the 1946 Belgian general election. In 1956, he was awarded the title of baron. He died in Brussels on 18 January 1969.
# Kamal Ibrahim (soccer)

Kamal Said Ibrahim (Amharic: ካማል ዕብራህም; born 26 July 1992) is a professional footballer who plays for Melbourne Knights FC in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

## Early life

Ibrahim was born in Ethiopia and migrated to Victoria with his mother, three brothers and two sisters in 2003 to escape civil war and conflict.

## Club career

Ibrahim played for the VIS before earning a scholarship with AIS in 2009.

### Melbourne Heart

In February 2010, he was signed by Melbourne Heart for its inaugural season on a multi-year deal. In August 2010, he was offered a 10-day trial with Polish club Legia Warszawa, which was ultimately unsuccessful. He made his début for Melbourne Heart in September 2010 against Brisbane Roar, suffering a four-nil defeat. He made a total of three appearances for the Heart, during a season in which he was hampered greatly by injuries.

#### South Melbourne (Loan)

After the 2010–11 A–League season, Ibrahim went on loan to VPL side South Melbourne for the 2011 Victorian Premier League season.
On 6 April 2012 it was announced that he would be leaving Melbourne Heart.

### Victorian State Football

He signed for Heidelberg United for the remainder of the 2012 VPL season. After leaving Heidelberg at the end of 2012, Ibrahim signed with Port Melbourne in 2013. He won the NPL Victoria Gold Medal, the league best and fairest award, with Port Melbourne in 2015.
Ibrahim signed for reigning NPL Victoria champions Bentleigh Greens SC in mid-October, 2015, for the 2016 season. Ibrahim made his Bentleigh debut on 11 March 2016, playing 58 minutes in a 3–1 win over Avondale FC at Knights Stadium. Ibrahim scored his first goal for the Greens on 29 July 2016, in a 3–0 win over Green Gully SC in Round 23 of the NPL Victoria.
After leaving Bentleigh, Ibrahim signed for Avondale FC in December 2016. He moved to Melbourne Knights in June 2017.

## Personal life

In June 2011 Ibrahim was announced as the ambassador of Football Federation Victoria's "United Through Football" program, whose aim is to support those who have recently arrived in Australia from areas such as the Horn of Africa, Iraq, Afghanistan and Burma.

## Honours

With Australia:
* AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2010
* AFF U-16 Youth Championship: 2008
# Kelly Link

Kelly Link (born July 19, 1969) is an American editor and writer. Mainly known as an author of short stories, she published her first novel, The Book of Love in 2024. While some of her fiction falls more clearly within genre categories, many of her stories might be described as slipstream or magic realism: a combination of science fiction, fantasy, horror, mystery, and literary fiction. Among other honors, she has won a Hugo Award, three Nebula Awards, and a World Fantasy Award for her fiction, and she was one of the recipients of the 2018 MacArthur "Genius" Grant.

## Biography

Link is a graduate of Columbia University in New York and the MFA program of UNC Greensboro. In 1995, she attended the Clarion East Writing Workshop.
Link and husband Gavin Grant manage Small Beer Press, based in Northampton, Massachusetts. The couple's imprint of Small Beer Press for intermediate readers is called Big Mouth House. They also co-edited St. Martin's Press's The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror anthology series with Ellen Datlow for five years, ending in 2008. (The couple inherited the "fantasy" side from Terri Windling in 2004.) In 2019, Link and Grant opened Book Moon, a new and used bookstore in Easthampton, Massachusetts. Link also co-edits the literary magazine Lady Churchill’s Rosebud Wristlet, and was the slush reader for Sci Fiction, edited by Datlow.
Link taught at Lenoir–Rhyne University in Hickory, North Carolina, with the Visiting Writers Series for spring semester 2006. She has taught or visited at a number of schools and workshops including:
* Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York;
* Brookdale Community College of Lincroft, New Jersey;
* the Imagination Workshop at Cleveland State University;
* New England Institute of Art & Communications, Brookline, Massachusetts;
* Clarion East at Michigan State University, Lansing;
* Clarion West in Seattle, Washington; and
* Smith College, near her home in Northampton.
She has participated in the Juniper Summer Writing Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amherst's MFA Program for Poets & Writers.

## Awards

* 2017: World Fantasy Award for contributions to the genre (nominee)
* 2018: MacArthur Fellowship
* 2023: Honorary degree from Smith College.
# Glenn, California

39°31′19″N 122°00′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.52194°N 122.01389°W﻿ / 39.52194; -122.01389
Glenn is an unincorporated community in Glenn County, California. It lies at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m). The town is located on the Sacramento River, at the intersection of State Route 45 and State Route 162. It is about ten miles (16 km) east of Interstate 5 and Willows on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle, Glenn, California. The U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Names Database, calls its existence official with a feature ID of 1658621 and lists the NAD27 coordinates of the community as 39°31′19″N 122°00′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.52194°N 122.01389°W﻿ / 39.52194; -122.01389. The ZIP Code, shared with Ordbend and Bayliss, is 95943. The community is inside area code 530. This area is flagged as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau.

## History

The first post office at Glenn opened in 1903. A. K. Barham owned and operated the Glenn Store and on November 14, 1913, was appointed postmaster. At that time, the post office was located in the store. The town had a church, school, several homes and a saloon. Barham's father was a foreman on one of the wheat ranches of Dr. Hugh J. Glenn in Glenn County.

## Terrain and local landmarks

The area is relatively flat land along the banks of the Sacramento River. A local landmark is the Glenn Post Office on SR45 just north of SR162. Farther north still along SR45 is the local Mennonite Church as there is a modest population of Mennonite farming families in this area. Much of the area is agricultural land under cultivation. West of town, there is a natural gas well field along SR162 between Glenn and Willows.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Glenn is in the 4th Senate District, represented by Republican Marie Alvarado-Gil, and in the 3rd Assembly District, represented by Republican James Gallagher.
Federally, Glenn is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.

## Sources

* U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Names Database.
* Map: U.S. Geological Survey, Glenn, California, 7.5-minute Quadrangle, 1969.
* Map: Road Map of California: 1958, (Sacramento, California: Department of Public Works; Division of Highways, 1958).
* Map: State of California, Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources, District 6, Map 620.
# Valmai

Valmai is an English feminine given name derived from the Welsh phrase fel Mai, meaning "like May," that was invented by Welsh bestselling novelist Allen Raine for the heroine of her 1899 romance novel By Berwen Banks. The 1920 British silent romance movie By Berwin Banks was based upon the novel and starred Eileen Magrath as Valmai Powell, Girls in English-speaking countries were named after the romantic heroine. The name has multiple spelling variants.

## Usage

Valmai was particularly well-used in Australia and New Zealand in the 1920s and 1930s. It ranked among the 100 most popular names for girls in New Zealand between 1928 and 1933. The name and its variants were also in use in the United Kingdom. Valmai and its variants were also in rare use in the United States in the first half of the 20th century.

## Women

* Valmai Gee (born 1971), Bolivian-born Irish former cricketer
* Valmai Holt (née Williams; born 1935), British military historian, author, and pioneer of modern battlefield tours
* Valmai Pidgeon (née Miller; born c. 1927), Australian businesswoman
* Valmai "Val" Slater (born 1933), Australian former cricketer

## Fictional characters

* Valmai Gittis, daughter of Australian comedic character Dame Edna Everage
* Valmai Morgan, a Chaser for the all-female Quidditch team Holyhead Harpies in the 1990s, in the Daily Prophet newsletters by J.K. Rowling
* Valmai Powell, the heroine of the 1899 romance novel By Berwen Banks by Allen Raine and of the 1920 British silent movie By Berwin Banks based on the novel
* Valmai Seacliff, a character in the 1938 detective novel Artists in Crime by New Zealand writer Ngaio Marsh