OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harcharan Garewal

Harcharan Garewal (1 oct.1930 – 6 May 1990) was an Indian singer of Punjabi-language folk songs and duets. He is known for his songs like Tota Pee Gia Bullan Di Laali, and duets with Surinder Kaur like Lakk Hille Majajan Jaandi Da, Main Vi Jatt Ludhiane Da, Aa Gia Wanjara Ni Charha Lai Bhabi Churhian and with Seema like Mittran De Tubewell 'te. Many Punjabi singers used to accompany him on stage with music instruments or so before releasing their own records including Kuldeep Manak.

## Life and career

Garewal was born in 1934/35 in village Jodhan Mansuran in Layallpur district (renamed Faisalabad District) in British Punjab. After the Partition of India in 1947, his family moved to Jamalpur Awana Ludhiana area in Indian Punjab.
He never sung, even in his college time, until he listened to Lal Chand Yamla Jatt. Inspired by him, he started learning music from Jaswant Bhanwra. He first sung solos and later sung duets with many female singers including Surinder Kaur, Seema, Narinder Biba and Swaran Lata.

## Notable songs

His solos and duets were both successful. Here are some of his notable songs.

### Solos

* Tota Pee Gia Bullan Di Laali
* Bhakhre 'ton Aundi Mutiar Nachdi,
* Chhareyan Di Joon Buri
* Tere Ik-Ik Gerhe Da Hazaar Mull Ni

### Duets

with Surinder Kaur:
* Lakk Hille Majajan Jaandi Da (penned by Inderjit Hasanpuri)
* Adhi Raat Takk Main Parhdi
* Aa Gia Wanjara Ni Charha Lai Bhabi Churhiyan (penned by Babu Singh Maan)
* Main Vailan Ho Jaungi (penned by Babu Singh Maan)
with Narinder Biba:
* Tere Bote Di Muhar Ban Jaawan
* Uda, Aada, Eedi
with Seema:
* Mittran De Tubewell 'te
* Phull Kadhda Phulkari (penned by Gurdev Singh Maan)
# Mateo Caparas

Mateo Armando Tengco Caparas (December 28, 1923 – July 15, 2020) was a Filipino statesman, lawyer, and civic leader. He served as chair of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) under the administration of President Corazon Aquino.

## Early life and education

Caparas was born on December 28, 1923, in Cuyapo, Philippines. His father was a lawyer who settled in Moncada, Tarlac. He finished his secondary schooling at Bulacan High School in 1940 but was interrupted by the Second World War. He graduated cum laude from the University of the Philippines College of Law in 1949, where he joined the Upsilon Sigma Phi. He later finished his Master of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1950.

## Career

As a lawyer, Caparas practiced in Caloocan and specialized in labor law and tax cases. In 1960, he transferred his law practice to Manila when he was invited to join the Rotary Club. He represented the province of Bulacan during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. In 1988, he was appointed chair of the Presidential Commission on Good Government tasked to retrieve the Marcos administration's ill-gotten wealth.
He is the first and only Filipino to date to be elected president of Rotary International and the only Filipino trustee of Rotary Foundation. During his presidency, Rotary started the campaign to raise $120 million to eradicate polio by 2005. The campaign reportedly generated more than $240 million in two years.

## Death

Caparas died on July 15, 2020, at the age of 96. He has three surviving children: Jorge, Matt, and Pilar; eight grandchildren; and two great granddaughters.
# Chris Fuller (academic)

Christopher John Fuller is an emeritus professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and a Fellow of the British Academy. He has studied and written extensively about the people of India, particularly with regard to subjects such as Hinduism, the caste system, and the relationship between globalisation and the middle-classes.

## Career

Fuller was a lecturer in the Department of Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester prior to holding a similar position as lecturer in anthropology at the London School of Economics (LSE) between 1979 and 1987. He was a reader in anthropology at the LSE between 1987 and 1994 and has been an emeritus professor of anthropology there since 2009.
Fuller's primary area of field research has been the state of Tamil Nadu, particularly between 1976 and 2001 at the Hindu temple in Madurai that is dedicated to Minakshi. His first fieldwork was among the Nair and Syrian Christian communities of Kerala in 1971–72. Fuller has also conducted fieldwork in Chennai (middle-class managers and software professionals, 2003–05) and on Tamil Brahmins (2005–08). Other areas of research have examined popular Hinduism and Hindu nationalism, the caste system and the history of anthropology in British India.
Fuller was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2007.

## Publications

Fuller's publications include:
* The Nayars Today. Cambridge University Press. 1976.
* Servants of the goddess: the priests of a south Indian temple. Cambridge University Press. 1984.
* The Everyday State and Society in Modern India. C. Hurst & Co. 2001. (co-editor, with Véronique Bénéï)
* The renewal of the priesthood: modernity and traditionalism in a south Indian temple. Princeton University Press. 2003.
* The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India (Revised and expanded ed.). Princeton University Press. 2004.
* Tamil Brahmans: the making of a middle-class caste. University of Chicago Press. 2014. (with Haripriya Narasimhan)
* Fuller, C. J. (2016). "Anthropologists and Viceroys: Colonial Knowledge and Policy Making in India, 1871–1911". Modern Asian Studies. 50 (1): 217–58. doi:10.1017/s0026749x15000037. S2CID 146712949.
* Fuller, C. J. (2016). "Colonial anthropology and the decline of the Raj: caste, religion and political change in India in the early twentieth century". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 26 (3): 463–86. doi:10.1017/s1356186315000486. S2CID 157384140.
# Lehfed

Lehfed (Arabic: لحفد, also known as Lihfid) is a municipality in the Byblos District of Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon. It is 55 kilometers north of Beirut. Lehfed has an average elevation of 1000 meters above sea level and a total land area of 542 hectares. There were three companies with more than five employees operating in the village as of 2008. Its population, consisting of 2400 inhabitants, 950 of them being electors, is predominantly Maronite Catholic.
Lehfed is the hometown of the Blessed Stephen Nehmé.

## Celebrations

* August 2: Feast of Saint Stephen, the town's patron saint
* August 15: Feast of the Assumption of Mary

## Places of worship

* Saint Stephen Church (patron saint of the village)
* House of Blessed Stephen Nehmé and its shrines
* Monastery of Saint Saba
* Monastery of Saint Eusebius
* Church of Our Lady
* Saint Elijah Church
* Saint Peter Church
* Chapel of Our Lady

## Families

The families native to Lehfed are Nehmé, Ghanem, Abi Khalil, Khalil, Mhanna, Khaled, Khoury, Ziadeh, Saadeh, Challita, Daou, Fadel, Matar and Nohra.
The families of Nehmé, Ghanem, Matar and Daou are descended from Moussa Al-Ghassani, a native of Al-Nabek, Syria and a descendant of the Ghassanid tribe. They came together from Yanouh in the year 1121.
# L.A. Heat (film)

L.A. Heat is a 1989 police film directed by Joseph Merhi and starring Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs and Jim Brown. The film follows Detective Jon Chance, a Los Angeles detective who dreams of being a cowboy hero and living by "the code of the West," as he is assigned to track down a violent drug dealer.

## Plot summary

Jon Chance, an L.A. vice cop who is a man who dreamed of being a cowboy hero. He saw himself as an exemplary hero who always felt that the use of guns was not a necessity. However, Chance needs to stop dreaming. He needed to return to the real world! Jon Chance gets an assignment which he can't say no to and has to accept, to bust a drug dealer named Clarence. The case later gets personal when Carl, Chance's partner get killed by Clarence during a routine drug bust. A drug war will soon ensue between Clarence, who is trying to retrieve his drugs and money, and the police...

## Cast

* Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as Jon Chance
* Jim Brown as Captain
* Kevin Benton as Clarence
* Myles Thoroughgood as Spyder
* Trish Johnson as Jane
* John Henry Richardson as Boris
* Robert Gallo as Sylvio

## Reception

TV Guide gave the film two stars out of four, calling it "A reasonably entertaining low-budget crime thriller". Variety called the film "an okay made-for-video feature", praising Jacobs' "ernest performance" but describing the sound recording as "a bit rough and ready".

## Legacy

The film was a success on home video and was followed by three sequels, Angels of the City (1989), L.A. Vice (1989), and Chance (1990), in which Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs reprises his role as Detective Jon Chance.
# Alex Halberstadt

Alex Halberstadt is an American nonfiction writer and journalist.
He grew up in Moscow and in 1980 came to the United States, where he and his family settled in New York City. He attended Stuyvesant High School, Oberlin College and Columbia University.

## Career

Halberstadt’s writing has appeared in The New York Times Magazine, The New Yorker, The New York Times Book Review, GQ, Travel + Leisure, Saveur, Food & Wine, New York Magazine, Grand Street, The Washington Post, Lucky Peach, The Paris Review, and elsewhere.
Young Heroes of the Soviet Union, his family memoir, was named a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice and excerpted in The New Yorker. Writing in The New York Times, critic Jennifer Szalai called it "a loving and mournful account that’s also skeptical, surprising and often very funny," adding, "it’s the unexpected specificity of Halberstadt’s observations that ultimately make this memoir as lush and moving as it is.“
Halberstadt's critically acclaimed biography, Lonely Avenue: the Unlikely Life and Times of Doc Pomus, was named a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice and a Best Book of 2007 by The Times (London). Ben Folds and Nick Hornby cited it as an inspiration for their collaborative album Lonely Avenue.
Halberstadt’s magazine writing was anthologized in Best Food Writing 2014 and Best American Food Writing 2018. In 2013 and 2014 he was nominated for a James Beard Award, and he appeared at the 2013 New Yorker Festival. He has received fellowships from The MacDowell Colony, Yaddo, and Art OMI at Ledig House. He teaches at New York University.
# Kosta Hakim

Kosta Hakim (born 17 April 1917, date of death unknown) was an Egyptian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Alexandria.
In the Olympic Games, he lost to Carlos Lillo in the second round of the lightweight class. Hakim is deceased.
# Havens Dumb

Havens Dumb is the fifth studio album by the Australian indie rock band Augie March. It was released on 3 October 2014 and it peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Charts.
The Guardian newspaper gave the album a lukewarm review, while FasterLouder gave the album four stars out of five.

## Track listing

* "AWOL" – 3:58
* "After The Crack Up" – 4:16
* "Bastard Time" – 3:55
* "A Dog Starved" – 3:49
* "Hobart Obit" – 4:55
* "Father Jack And Mr. T" – 4:23
* "St. Helena" – 5:00
* "The Faking Boy" – 1:48
* "Definitive History" – 6:00
* "Villa Adriana" – 5:36
* "Millenarians' Mirror" – 3:49
* "Sailing To The Moon" – 2:55
* "Never Been Sad" – 7:20
* "The Crime" – 6:04

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 14 |
# Kamine Stadium

Hilton Rahn '51 Field at Kamine Stadium is a college baseball stadium in the Metzgar Fields Athletic Complex in Forks Township, Pennsylvania. It hosts the Lafayette Leopards of the Patriot League.
The stadium is completely composed of natural grass with a dirt infield and dirt base paths. A 15-foot crushed rock warning track is in front of an eight-foot high outfield fence.

## Renovations

Kamine Stadium has undergone two renovations since the turn of the century to better suit the Lafayette baseball program.

### 2003 Renovation

The baseball field was transformed from a simple baseball diamond to a baseball stadium. 500 permanent chairback seats were installed along with a press box to meet the needs for television, radio, newspaper, and public address announcers. Both the home and away dugouts were expanded by 20 feet.

### 2007 Renovation

The 2007 renovation was centered on the playing surface. An irrigation system was added, new sod and infield dirt was installed, and the pitcher's mound and home plate areas were rebuilt.
# Edmund Malesky

Edmund J. Malesky is an American political scientist specializing in Southeast Asia. A scholar of Vietnam, Malesky currently serves as a professor at Duke University and Director of the Duke Center for International Development in the Sanford School of Public Policy.
Malesky served as the lead researcher for the Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index, and chairs the Southeast Asia Research Group.

## Publications

* China's Governance Puzzle: Enabling Transparency and Participation in a Single-Party State (2017)
* Incentives to Pander: How Politicians Use Corporate Welfare for Political Gain (2018)
# Mansoori

Mansoori (Mansuri) is the community of an Indian Muslim, and this community belongs to Pathans and Rajputs. They are regionally known as Mansoori, Naddaf and Pinjara. They are found in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and North India.

## History

This community consist of local converts and migrated from subcontinent, such as Persia and Afghanistan. In the ancient time this tribe used to work, traditional occupations of cotton farming, trading, and making carpets.

## Development

Their traditional occupation of cotton carding was eliminated by industrialization. Few continued to work as cotton carders or traders. Many turned towards manufacturing or other sectors. Marriages with members of other castes of the same status are occasionally permitted. Gujarati Mansoori are mostly active in the semiprecious stone business or in engineering or accounting.
The Mansoori are Sunni Muslim of the Barelvi and Deoband sect. They speak Urdu and various dialects of Hindi. Their customs are similar to other Uttar Pradesh Muslims.
# 2006 Idaho Proposition 2

Idaho Proposition 2 was a 2006 ballot initiative in the state of Idaho, U.S. that aimed to force government to reimburse property owners whose property value is decreased as a result of government regulation.
The initiative, which is similar to the controversial Oregon Ballot Measure 37 (2004), was defeated.

## Text

The long title of the proposition states:
   AN INITIATIVE RELATING TO EMINENT DOMAIN; AMENDING SECTION 7 701, IDAHO CODE, TO PROVIDE LIMITATIONS ON EMINENT DOMAIN FOR PRIVATE PARTIES, AND FOR URBAN RENEWAL OR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES; AND PROVIDE FOR FURTHER JUDICIAL REVIEW OF PROCEEDINGS INVOLVING THE EXERCISE OF EMINENT DOMAIN; ADDING A NEW SECTION 7-701A TO PROVIDE FOR DEFINITIONS RELATING TO HIGHEST AND BEST USE, FAIR MARKET VALUE, JUST COMPENSATION, AND LAND USE LAW; AND AMENDING CHAPTER 80, TITLE 67, IDAHO CODE, TO PROVIDE FOR JUST COMPENSATION WHEN A REGULATORY ACTION REDUCES FAIR MARKET VALUE OF PROPERTY AND TO PROVIDE JUST COMPENSATION TO A CONDEMNEE.

## Result by county

| County | Yes | Yes % | No | No % |
| Ada | 29,002 | 24.68% | 88,493 | 75.32% |
| Adams | 387 | 23.08% | 1,290 | 76.92% |
| Bannock | 4,298 | 17.70% | 19,991 | 82.30% |
| Bear Lake | 752 | 33.59% | 1,487 | 66.41% |
| Benewah | 633 | 22.17% | 2,222 | 77.83% |
| Bingham | 2,278 | 17.87% | 10,473 | 82.13% |
| Blaine | 1,394 | 19.19% | 5,870 | 80.81% |
| Boise | 851 | 29.88% | 1,997 | 70.12% |
| Bonner | 3,505 | 25.47% | 10,258 | 74.53% |
| Bonneville | 5,505 | 18.24% | 24,674 | 81.76% |
| Boundary | 877 | 27.82% | 2,275 | 72.18% |
| Butte | 258 | 23.16% | 856 | 76.84% |
| Camas | 70 | 15.59% | 379 | 84.41% |
| Canyon | 11,672 | 27.80% | 30,320 | 72.70% |
| Caribou | 371 | 14.75% | 2,145 | 85.25% |
| Cassia | 1,274 | 22.40% | 4,413 | 77.60% |
| Clark | 68 | 20.30% | 267 | 79.70% |
| Clearwater | 827 | 28.40% | 2,085 | 71.60% |
| Custer | 585 | 30.92% | 1,307 | 69.08% |
| Elmore | 1,583 | 27.64% | 4,026 | 72.36% |
| Franklin | 1,402 | 36.76% | 2,412 | 63.24% |
| Fremont | 788 | 18.08% | 3,570 | 81.92% |
| Gem | 1,597 | 28.45% | 4,016 | 71.55% |
| Gooding | 778 | 18.93% | 3,332 | 81.07% |
| Idaho | 2,056 | 32.60% | 4,250 | 67.40% |
| Jefferson | 1,420 | 19.34% | 5,921 | 80.66% |
| Jerome | 921 | 19.64% | 3,869 | 80.36% |
| Kootenai | 9,873 | 26.74% | 27,051 | 73.26% |
| Latah | 2,793 | 23.69% | 8,999 | 76.31% |
| Lemhi | 807 | 26.01% | 2,296 | 73.99% |
| Lewis | 413 | 30.28% | 951 | 69.72% |
| Lincoln | 298 | 20.82% | 1,133 | 79.18% |
| Madison | 1,331 | 16.68% | 6,650 | 83.32% |
| Minidoka | 1,038 | 20.39% | 4,053 | 79.61% |
| Nez Perce | 3,438 | 29.08% | 8,384 | 70.92% |
| Oneida | 448 | 29.97% | 1,047 | 70.03% |
| Owyhee | 994 | 36.52% | 1,728 | 63.48% |
| Payette | 1,883 | 32.79% | 3,860 | 67.21% |
| Power | 327 | 15.63% | 1,765 | 84.37% |
| Shoshone | 1,034 | 27.90% | 2,672 | 72.10% |
| Teton | 643 | 21.02% | 2,416 | 78.98% |
| Twin Falls | 3,532 | 18.47% | 15,594 | 81.53% |
| Valley | 846 | 21.92% | 3,014 | 78.08% |
| Washington | 973 | 29.09% | 2,372 | 70.91% |
Source: Idaho Secretary of State
# Westbury Swimming Pool

Westbury Swimming Pool is a 19th-century indoor swimming pool in Westbury, Wiltshire, England. The structure is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The facility, on Church Street, Westbury, was a gift to the town from William Henry Lavington to celebrate Queen Victoria's golden jubilee. Lavington (died 1925; from 1888 the owner of the Leighton House estate) was a prominent owner of cloth mills in the town. His uncle Abraham (1819–1886) had built the Laverton Institute, amongst other gifts to the town, and may have been involved in the planning and financing of the pool.
At first called Westbury Baths, the building opened to the public on 24 May 1887. During the winter, the pool was drained and covered so that the hall could be used for athletics and dancing.
In 1957, the pool was modernised which saw some facilities re-arranged and altered. In 1984 a new plant room was added, the roof was replaced (while retaining the original ironwork), new changing rooms were installed and disabled access was improved.
In 2010, the pool was threatened with closure as part of a wider review of Wiltshire Council's leisure facilities. A campaign was formed to protect the pool. The building was Grade II listed in November 2010; the listing describes it as "an early example of a Victorian indoor swimming pool which has remained in use as a public pool".

## Operator

William Laverton conveyed the building to a charitable trust, which continues as a registered charity named Westbury Public Baths. In 1901 the building was transferred to Westbury Urban District Council, which was replaced by West Wiltshire District Council in 1974; the council was the sole trustee of the charity. West Wiltshire was superseded by Wiltshire Council in 2009. The charity has no endowment, therefore (as of 2015) Wiltshire Council funds the operation and maintenance of the pool alongside its other leisure services.
# Kalamos

Kalamos (Ancient Greek: Κάλαμος, lit. 'reed, reed pen'; Latin: Calamus) is a Greek mythological figure. He is son of Maiandros, the god of the Maeander river.

## Mythology

A story in Nonnus's Dionysiaca tells about the love of two youths, Kalamos and Karpos. Karpos drowned in the Meander river while the two were competing in a swimming contest. In his grief, Kalamos allowed himself to drown also. He was then transformed into a water reed, whose rustling in the wind was interpreted as a sigh of lamentation. The acorus calamusare water reed which has a fragrant scent (more commonly known as Sweet Flag) is named after Calamus and this myth.
Walt Whitman's "Calamus" poems in Leaves of Grass may have been inspired by this story.

## Etymology of the word Kalamos

Similar words can be found in Sanskrit (कलम kalama, meaning "reed" and "pen" as well as a type of rice), Hebrew (kulmus, meaning quill) and Latin (calamus) as well as the ancient Greek Κάλαμος (Kalamos). The Arabic word قلم qalam (meaning "pen" or "reed pen") is likely to have been borrowed from one of these languages in antiquity. The Swahili word kalamu ("pen") comes from the Arabic qalam.
The Greeks also used the term for various wind instruments, especially but not necessarily reed instruments, including the aulos, or the plural kalamoi for the syrinx.
From the Latin calamus come a number of modern English words:
* calamus (aka Sweet Flag), a wetland reed
* calamari, meaning "squid", via the Latin calamarium, "ink horn" or "pen case", as reeds were then used as writing implements
* calumet, a French, colonial-era word often used for a Native American ceremonial pipe
* shawm, a medieval oboe-like instrument (whose sound is produced by a vibrating reed mouthpiece)
* chalumeau register, the lower notes of a clarinet's range (another reed instrument)
# Rugby Chapel

Rugby Chapel is a municipal historic site which is part of the University of Saskatchewan (U of S). The U of S is the largest education institution in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The University of Saskatchewan location next to the South Saskatchewan River was across from the city centre of Saskatoon. In 1879, the Rt. Rev. John McLean started a schooling system in Prince Albert which was renamed the University of Saskatchewan in 1883. In 1909, when the University of Saskatchewan was established in Saskatoon, Emmanuel College moved its college buildings to Saskatoon. The Institute for stained glass in Canada has documented the stained glass at Rugby Chapel.

## City of Saskatoon Plaque

   Rugby Chapel
   Rugby Chapel built in 1912 with funds raised by the students in Rugby School in England, served as the major place of worship for Emmanuel College, until the opening of St. Chad's Chapel in 1966, and still serves as a place of education and worship.
   A wooden version of an English Stone-built church, the chapel has a wooden vault support structure, gothic windows and a Norman tower over the porch.
   Rugby Chapel is a symbol of the importance of the Anglican Church and the British people in the early development of the West and of the contribution made by Emmanuel College (now the College of Emmanuel and St. Chad) to theological education in Western Canada.

## University of Saskatchewan plaque

   Rugby Chapel
   1912
   The gift of the students and staff of Rugby School, England, Rugby Chapel was erected by the students of Emmanuel College under the leadership of George Exton Lloyd, M.A., Principal, 1908-1916.
   Rugby Chapel replaced an earlier chapel, built in 1909, and served as the chapel of Emmanuel College until the erection of the Chapel of St. Chad in 1966.
   Memorials within the Chapel record the service of pioneer workers and of men who gave their lives in the two world wars.
   In Aeternum Domine Verbum Tuum Permanet
   1970

## Nearby

* College Building on the University of Saskatchewan campus was designated an official National Historic Site of Canada.
* Victoria One Room school House moved to the University of Saskatchewan campus was designated an official heritage site.