OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jamieson, Victoria

Jamieson is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located at the junction of the Goulburn River and Jamieson River, 193 kilometres (120 mi) north-east of Melbourne. The name is believed to have been derived from George Jamieson, a shepherd who grazed sheep in the area in the 1850s. At the time of the 2021 census, Jamieson had a population of 382.

## History

The area was first settled in 1860 and by 1861 approximately 300 people were working the goldfields. According to the book Jamieson Founders and Families by Dr. Brian Lloyd, the first Post Office in the upper Goulburn district was at Mansfield in 1858. The first Post and Telegraph Office at Jamieson was on the west side of Bank Street. When the Oriental Bank closed down in 1865, the Post Office was moved across the street to occupy the bank building. The Post Office at its current location in Perkins St was from about 1872.
The town site was surveyed in 1862, and a borough council was established in 1864. By 1865 the town had a Catholic chapel, an Anglican church, a school, a courthouse and police station, two banks, two insurance offices, five hotels, and several stores. Jamieson reached its peak in the 1870s, but a sharp decline soon followed. Most mining operations had ceased by the beginning of the First World War, and Black Friday bushfires destroyed many mine workings in 1939.
By the 1990s, the town had become a popular tourist destination, boosted by Lake Eildon (situated adjacent to the Jamieson township and formed by the damming of the Goulburn River) reaching 100% capacity in 1996. However, the tourism industry suffered in the early 2000s following a drought that affected Lake Eildon. In March 2007, the capacity of the lake reached a historic low of 7.9%.
The Jamieson Magistrates' Court closed on 1 January 1983.

## Jamieson today

Jamieson has a permanent population of around 250. It is a popular destination for four wheel drive enthusiasts, fishers, and amateur gold diggers. It is close to Lake Eildon and the Mount Buller snowfields. The town has two hotels, a caravan park, and several bed and breakfast establishments.

## 2006-07 Victorian Bushfires

In December 2006, Victoria's North-East was affected by many bushfires that threatened to merge into fewer, but bigger fire fronts. Jamieson was one town at the centre of attention during these times, used as a major post for firefighters and media (Free-to-Air, Pay TV, and newspaper journalists were based in the town). Luckily for Jamieson, fire breaks helped the Mount Terrible fire stay away from the town centre. It was also helped by a late Southerly Change that brought rain. However, a short distance, both East and South East (Jamieson-Licola and Mansfield-Woods Point Roads) of the town were burnt in the blaze.
# Beita, Shaoyang

Beita District (simplified Chinese: 北塔区; traditional Chinese: 北塔區; pinyin: Běitǎ Qū) is one of three urban districts in Shaoyang City, Hunan province, China. The district is located in the northwest of the city proper and on the west shore of Zi River. It is bordered by Xinshao County to the north, Shuangqing and Daxiang Districts to the east, and Shaoyang County to the south and the southwest. Beita District covers an area of 84.4 km$^2$ (32.6 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a permanent resident population of 135,300. The district has two subdistricts, two towns and a township under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Ziyuan Community (状元洲街道资源社区).

## Administrative divisions

Beita has 4 subdistricts and 1 township under its jurisdictions.

### 4 subdistricts

* Xintanzhen Subdistrict (新滩镇街道)
* Zhuangyuanzhou Subdistrict (状元洲街道)
* Tianjiang Subdistrict (田江街道)
* Chayuantou Subdistrict (茶园头街道)

### 1 township

* Chenjiaqiao Township (陈家桥乡)
# Brandon Coleman (offensive lineman)

Brandon Coleman (born October 12, 2000) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He grew up in Berlin and moved back to the U.S. for high school. Coleman played college football for the Trinity Valley Cardinals and TCU Horned Frogs prior to being selected by the Commanders in the third round of the 2024 NFL draft.

## Early life

Coleman was born on October 12, 2000, to an American military serviceman and a German woman in Newport News, Virginia. He spent his childhood in Berlin, Germany, before returning to the United States in 2016 and enrolling at Denton High School in Denton, Texas. He played basketball as a guard in Germany and first played American football in high school as a defensive lineman before playing on the offensive line as a senior.

## College career

Coleman began his collegiate career with the Trinity Valley Cardinals of Trinity Valley Community College in 2019, appearing in seven games. He was ranked a three-star junior college recruit and the eighth offensive tackle nationally by 247Sports, committing to play for the TCU Horned Frogs in 2020.
Coleman played in the first four games of the 2020 season at TCU before his year ended due to injury. He became a starter in 2021, finishing the season with 11 games played, eight as a starter. He started all 15 games in 2022 and helped the team have one of the best offenses nationally while reaching the national championship, being named honorable mention All-Big 12 Conference. Entering the 2023 season, Coleman's athletic ability was cited on The Athletic's annual "Freaks" list. He was selected team captain and started 11 games, being named second-team All-Big 12 and an honorable mention for conference lineman of the year while allowing only one sack. He played in the 2024 Senior Bowl.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 4+1⁄2 in (1.94 m) | 313 lb (142 kg) | 34+5⁄8 in (0.88 m) | 10+3⁄4 in (0.27 m) | 4.99 s | 1.73 s | 2.89 s | 4.62 s | 7.40 s | 34.0 in (0.86 m) | 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) | 24 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Pro Day ||||||||||||
Coleman was selected by the Washington Commanders in the third round (67th overall) of the 2024 NFL draft. He signed his four-year rookie contract on June 14, 2024. As a rookie, he appeared in 16 games and started 12 in the 2024 season.

## Personal life

Coleman is fluent in the German language.
# Megaforce Records

Megaforce Records is an American independent record label founded in 1982 by Jon Zazula and his wife Marsha Zazula to release the first works of Metallica, and devoted primarily to hard rock and heavy metal. It has offices in New York City (where the corporate office is located) and Philadelphia. The label currently is distributed in the United States by The Orchard and Sony Music internationally, having previously been distributed by Atlantic Records while Anthrax's recordings from 1985 to 1991 were marketed by Island Records.
Megaforce artists that have appeared on the Billboard Top 200 chart include Metallica, Blue October, Anthrax, Overkill, Testament, Mushroomhead, Ministry, Bad Brains and Meat Puppets. The Black Crowes and Meat Puppets have both received various RIAA certifications in the US.
Marsha Zazula, the co-founder of Megaforce Records, died of cancer on January 10, 2021, at the age of 68. Her husband Jon died a year later, on February 1, 2022, at the age of 69.

## Artists (current and former)
### Heavy metal artists

* Anthrax
* Blessed Death
* Blue Cheer
* Brendon Small
* Frehley's Comet
* Eric Steel
* Exciter
* Fozzy
* Grave Digger
* Icon
* King's X
* Living Colour
* Lucy Brown
* Manowar
* Mercyful Fate
* Metallica
* Ministry
* M.O.D.
* Mushroomhead
* Overkill
* Prophet
* Raven
* Skatenigs
* Skid Row
* Stormtroopers of Death (S.O.D)
* Sweaty Nipples
* Testament
* Trust
* T.T. Quick
* Vio-lence

### Other artists

* Ace Frehley
* Bad Brains
* Björk
* Blue October
* Das Racist
* Heems
* Disco Biscuits
* Hank Williams III
* Lostprophets
* Meat Puppets
* They Might Be Giants
* Third Eye Blind
* Tribe After Tribe
* Truth & Salvage Co.
* Warren Haynes
* Wellwater Conspiracy
* Johnny Winter
# Movement for National Development

The Movement for National Development (Albanian: Lëvizja për Zhvillim Kombëtar, LZHK) is a centre-right political party in Albania. The Movement for National Development was founded in 2004 as a five party coalition under the spiritual leadership of Leka I Zogu, King of the Albanians. The Movement for National Development entered the 2005 elections and won 47,967 votes, the result failed to achieve the required 4% for a coalition to enter parliament, falling short with 3,5% of the vote.
In October 2005 Dashamir Shehi registered the movement as a political party, and has since maintained an alliance with the Democratic Party.
In the 27th Legislature of Albania, LZHK held 1 from 140 seats in the Albanian parliament, which is the acting leader Dashamir Shehi. The party returned to parliament after the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election, winning 1 seat, contesting on the list of the Democratic Party.
# Ramparts of Montreal

The Ramparts of Montreal were the fortification walls built to protect the early settlement of Montreal, the area now called Old Montreal.

## Construction

Building began in 1716 by Gaspard Chaussegros de Léry bounded roughly by rue McGill in the west, rues St. Jacques/Champ des Mars/Notre-Dame in the north, rue Berri in the east, rue de la Commune/Place d'Youville in the south and completed in 1738. The wall replaced cedar post palisades built in the 17th century and required expropriation of land from property owners who were later offered an opportunity to reclaim during demolition.

## Gates

There were eight entrances along the walls:
* Porte des Récollets
* Porte de Saint-Laurent
* Porte de Québec
* Porte de la Canoterie
* Porte du Gouvernement
* Porte de l'Hôtel-Dieu
* Porte du Marché
* Porte de la Petite rivière
Visual documents of the wall are limited but given it was designed by de Léry who built a wall in Quebec it can be assumed it would look very similar.

## Decline and demolition

Despite the 6 metres the wall failed to repel the British (and only effective against attacks from the First Nations) and city fell in 1760 and by Americans in 1775. The British administration passed an Act (The Act to Demolish the Old Walls and Fortifications Surrounding the City of Montréal 1801) to begin the process to demolish the fortifications and provided landowners to reclaim lost land back. From 1804 to 1817 the walls were torn down and allowed the city to expand and grow.
Remains of the wall foundation have resurfaced and have been documented:
* Parc du Champ-de-Mars
* at Pointe-à-Callière, Montréal Museum of Archaeology and History
* Les Remparts Restaurant on rue de la Commune
Fortification Lane is also reminder of the existence of the walls.
The city has tried to include outlines to highlight where the walls once stood.
# Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible

The Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (Russian: Лицевой летописный свод, romanized: Litsevoy letopisny svod; 1560-1570s) is the largest compilation of historical information ever assembled in medieval Russia. It is also informally known as the Tsar Book (Царь-книга), in an analogy with the Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon.
The set of manuscripts was commissioned by tsar Ivan the Terrible and was made by group of anonymous manuscript illuminators in the Tsar's palace in Alexandrovskaya Sloboda and Moscow.
It covers the period from the Creation of the world (including the Trojan war, Ancient Rome and Byzantium) to the year 1567.
The literal meaning of the Russian title is "face chronicle," alluding to the numerous hand-painted miniatures. The compilation consists of 10 volumes, containing about 10 thousand sheets of rag paper, it is illustrated with more than 16 thousand miniatures.

## Volumes

The volumes are grouped in a relatively chronological order and include four major areas: Biblical History, History of Rome, History of Byzantium, and Russian history.
The titles and contents of the 10 volumes are:
* Museum Miscellany (Музейский сборник, State Historical Museum) – 1,031 pages, 1,677 miniatures. Sacred Hebrew and Greek history, from the creation of the world to the destruction of Troy in the 13th century BC.
* Chronograph Miscellany (Хронографический сборник, Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences) – 1,469 pages, 2,549 miniatures. History of the ancient East, the Hellenistic world, and ancient Rome from the 11th century BC to the 70s in the 1st century AD.
* Face Chronograph (Лицевой хронограф, Russian National Library) – 1,217 pages, 2,191 miniature. History of the ancient Roman Empire from the 70s in the 1st century to 337 AD, and Byzantine history to the 10th century.
* Galitzine Volume (Голицынский том, RNL) – 1,035 pages, 1,964 miniatures. Russian history from 1114 to 1247 and 1425–1472.
* Laptev Volume (Лаптевский том, RNL, F.IV.233) – 1,005 pages, 1,951 miniatures. Russian history from 1116 to 1252.
* Osterman Volume I (Остермановский первый том, LRAS) – 802 pages, 1,552 miniatures. Russian history from 1254 to 1378.
* Osterman Volume II (Остермановский второй том, LRAS) – 887 pages, 1,581 miniature. Russian history from 1378 to 1424.
* Shumilov Volume (Шумиловский том, RNL) – 986 pages, 1,893 miniatures. Russian history in 1425, and 1478–1533.
* Synod Volume (Синодальный том, SHM) – 626 pages, 1,125 miniatures. Russian history from 1533 to 1542, and 1553–1567.
* Regal Book (Царственная книга, SHM) – 687 pages, 1,291 miniature. Russian history from 1533 to 1553.

## Examples

* Solar eclipses in 1470
* Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow
* Timur
* Battle with Tatars at Volga-river
# South Australian Gridiron Association

American Football South Australia (formally the South Australian Gridiron Association until 1990), American Football SA, or AFSA is the governing body for gridiron (American football) in the state of South Australia, Australia. There are currently four teams registered in the league.
The association has had 6 main venues they have used for their games. From 1985-1988 they used Norwood Oval. Then from 1989-1996 they used Thebarton Oval and from 1997 - 2009 they have played their games at the Distinctive Homes Hockey Stadium. In 2010, they returned to Thebarton, before moving to Richmond Oval in 2012. All six venues have TV standard light towers which have allowed night games to be scheduled. Laverton oval.
Currently in the 2024/2025 season, the American Football SA league plays at Dry Creek Reserve, housing a club house with a pub, toilets, two locker rooms, a canteen and a lounge, several players in the league have went on to play for the Australian Outback (the Australian National Team)

## League members

* UNISA Eagles
* Adelaide Hogs
* South City Chiefs
* Port Adelaide Spartans
Past League Teams:
Edmonton Oilers
# Charles Rees Award

The Charles Rees Award is granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry to "reward excellence in the field of heterocyclic chemistry". It was established in 2008 and is awarded biennially. The winner receives £2000, a medal and a certificate, and delivers a lecture at the Lakeland Symposium, Grasmere, UK. Winners are chosen by the Heterocyclic and Synthesis Group, overseen by the Organic Division Awards Committee.

## Previous winners

Source: Royal Society of Chemistry
* 2020 - David Procter
* 2018 – Andrew Smith, University of St Andrews, " for the development of organocatalysis methodology to synthesise new heterocyclic ring systems"
* 2016 – John Murphy [Wikidata], University of Strathclyde, "for his highly innovative studies on the preparation, properties and applications of very reactive heterocycles"
* 2014 – Timothy J. Donohoe [Wikidata], University of Oxford, "for his multiple contributions to modern heterocyclic chemistry".
* 2012 – Christopher J. Moody [Wikidata], University of Nottingham, "in recognition of his numerous outstanding contributions to heterocyclic chemistry, including the synthesis of a variety of heterocycles of biological interest, over a period of many years".
* 2010 – Anthony Barrett, Imperial College London, "in recognition of his outstanding contributions to synthetic and heterocyclic chemistry ranging from the total synthesis of complex natural products to the synthesis of multimetallic porphyrazine arrays."
# Charles Reed (architect)

Charles Reed (later Charles Verelst) (1814 – 13 December 1859) was an English architect. He practised in Birkenhead, which was then in Cheshire. Most of Reed's early work is in the Italianate style, with later buildings in Gothic Revival.
Reed was an illegitimate son of Arthur Charles Verelst (1779–1843). He was brought up by an uncle. When his father's brother William Verelst (1784–1851) died, Reed inherited the estate at Aston Hall, Yorkshire on condition that he changed his surname to Verelst.
During the 1840s and 1850s he worked for Sir William Jackson in laying out a housing estate in Claughton, and designing villas within that development. Two roads in the estate, Charlesville and Reedville, are named after him. In 1852–54 he was president of the Liverpool Architectural Society. In addition to designing buildings locally, Reed also carried out works further afield, including in North Wales, the Lake District, and Lytham, Lancashire. He was a commissioner of Birkenhead for many years. He died in Claughton, Birkenhead.
# 14 Karat Soul

14 Karat Soul is an a cappella group from East Orange, New Jersey. They began their active career in the late 1970s. 14 Karat Soul were originally a strictly doo-wop group, but later branched out into other genres. They were featured in the 1980 Mabou Mines short film Sister Suzie Cinema, a 20-minute doo-wop opera by Bob Telson and Lee Breuer. 14 Karat Soul also appeared on Saturday Night Live, Sesame Street, and Between the Lions.

## Discography

The discography of 14 Karat Soul includes several albums and compilations on Pony Canyon for the Japanese market, where the group was known through numerous Japanese TV adverts.
* Lovers' Fantasy
* Sister Suzie Cinema & The Gospel at Colonus (with Ben Halley Jr.)
* Have Fun Tonight
* Too Young: 14 Greatest Ballads
* Take Me Back
* On The Road Again
* Ole Skool Soul
* Songs From The Heart
* The Girl in White
* Transpacific
* Get Back In Love
* That's Doo-Wop Acappella
* In Love With You
* 14 Karat Soul Sings Disney
* Mo' Disney, Mo' 14 Karat Soul
* Imagine
* Sesame Street: Sing-Along Travel Songs
# Biscoe, North Carolina

Biscoe is a town in Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Henry Biscoe, an important customer of the local lumber business.

## History

The area was formerly called "Filo." The current name was adopted in 1895.
Biscoe's past was dependent on the railroad industry, and it was once an important repair center for railroad equipment. The Aberdeen and West End Railroad (owned by the Page family of Aberdeen, North Carolina) completed a branch to Star, North Carolina from Filo, NC (current Biscoe) in 1895. The A & W. E. R.R. was merged into the Aberdeen and Asheboro Railroad in 1897.
Biscoe was incorporated in 1901.

## Notable person

Former U.S. Congressman Larry Kissell is a resident of Biscoe.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$^2$), all land.
U.S. 220, I-73/74 and N.C. 24/27 all pass through Biscoe.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Biscoe racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 702 | 37.99% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 446 | 24.13% |
| Native American | 4 | 0.22% |
| Asian | 21 | 1.14% |
| Other/Mixed | 41 | 2.22% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 634 | 34.31% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,848 people, 600 households, and 498 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,700 people, 535 households, and 393 families residing in the town. The population density was 855.8 people per square mile (330.4 people/km$^2$). There were 572 housing units at an average density of 287.9 per square mile (111.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 58.35% White, 24.47% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 15.47% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.24% of the population.
There were 535 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.42.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,667, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $23,214 versus $21,089 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,302. About 8.5% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Hrušovany u Brna

Hrušovany u Brna (Czech pronunciation:; German: Rohrbach) is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The Czech name was probably derived from the word Hrušované, which indicates people who came from a place called Hrušov or Hrušová. The German name Rohrbach means 'reed stream'. There is also a theory that the Czech name was derived from the often flooded stream, which was called Gruschbach ('scary stream') in German and Grušový potok in Czech. The people who lived along the stream were called Grušované.

## Geography

Hrušovany u Brna is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Brno. It lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley. The highest point is at 221 m (725 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated on the right bank of the Šatava River.

## History

The first written mention of Hrušovany is from 1252, when the village was donated to the monastery in Žďár nad Sázavou. Wine growing in Hrušovany was first documented in 1341. The monastery owned Hrušovany until 1493 and then in the second half of the 16th century. In the 17th century, the owners often changed and included the Olomouc bishopric. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Hrušovany was a property of the Sinzendorf family (1702–1748), the Dietrichstein family (1748–1819) and Dukes of Teschen (Albert Casimir and Charles Louis; 1819–1847).

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 751 | — |
| 1880 | 811 | +8.0% |
| 1890 | 1,211 | +49.3% |
| 1900 | 1,289 | +6.4% |
| 1910 | 1,430 | +10.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,650 | +15.4% |
| 1930 | 1,839 | +11.5% |
| 1950 | 1,853 | +0.8% |
| 1961 | 2,001 | +8.0% |
| 1970 | 1,954 | −2.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 2,794 | +43.0% |
| 1991 | 2,748 | −1.6% |
| 2001 | 2,892 | +5.2% |
| 2011 | 3,284 | +13.6% |
| 2021 | 3,498 | +6.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

Hrušovany u Brna is known for viticulture. It is located in the Velkopavlovická wine subregion.

## Transport

Hrušovany u Brna is located on the railway lines heading from Tišnov to Hustopeče and to Židlochovice via Brno.

## Sights

There are two protected cultural monuments in the municipality. An architecturally valuable building is the functionalist villa of Dr. Viktor Bauer. It was built in 1913–1914 by the architect Adolf Loos.
The second monument is a stone conciliation cross dating from 1595.

## Notable people

* Jan IV of Pernštejn (1487–1548), nobleman; died here