# Messier object

The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles [fr] (Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters). Because Messier was interested only in finding comets, he created a list of those non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. This list, which Messier created in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is now known as the Messier catalogue. The Messier catalogue is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many objects on the list are still referenced by their Messier numbers. The catalogue includes most of the astronomical deep-sky objects that can be easily observed from Earth's Northern Hemisphere; many Messier objects are popular targets for amateur astronomers.
A preliminary version of the catalogue first appeared in 1774 in the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences for the year 1771. The first version of Messier's catalogue contained 45 objects, which were not numbered. Eighteen of the objects were discovered by Messier; the rest had been previously observed by other astronomers. By 1780 the catalogue had increased to 70 objects. The final version of the catalogue containing 103 objects was published in 1781 in the Connaissance des Temps for the year 1784. However, due to what was thought for a long time to be the incorrect addition of Messier 102, the total number remained 102. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually filled out the list up to 110 objects.
The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, from star clusters and nebulae to galaxies. For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed; the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier's side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.

## Lists and editions

The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45). The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects. The first such addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding a note Messier made in a copy of the 1781 edition of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967. M102 was observed by Méchain, who communicated his notes to Messier. Méchain later concluded that this object was simply a re-observation of M101, though some sources suggest that the object Méchain observed was the galaxy NGC 5866 and identify that as M102.
Messier's final catalogue was included in the Connaissance des Temps pour l'Année 1784 [Knowledge of the Times for the Year 1784], the French official yearly publication of astronomical ephemerides.
Messier lived and did his astronomical work at the Hôtel de Cluny (now the Musée national du Moyen Âge), in Paris, France. The list he compiled contains only objects found in the sky area he could observe: from the north celestial pole to a celestial latitude of about −35.7° . He did not observe or list objects visible only from farther south, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.

## Observations

The Messier catalogue comprises nearly all of the most spectacular examples of the five types of deep-sky object – diffuse nebulae, planetary nebulae, open clusters, globular clusters, and galaxies – visible from European latitudes. Furthermore, almost all of the Messier objects are among the closest to Earth in their respective classes, which makes them heavily studied with professional class instruments that today can resolve very small and visually significant details in them. A summary of the astrophysics of each Messier object can be found in the Concise Catalog of Deep-sky Objects.
Since these objects could be observed visually with the relatively small-aperture refracting telescope (approximately 100 mm ≈ 4 inches) used by Messier to study the sky from downtown Paris, they are among the brightest and thus most attractive astronomical objects (popularly called deep-sky objects) observable from Earth, and are popular targets for visual study and astrophotography available to modern amateur astronomers using larger aperture equipment. In early spring, astronomers sometimes gather for "Messier marathons", when all of the objects can be viewed over a single night.

## Messier objects

| Messier number | NGC/IC number | Common name | Object type | Distance (kly) | Constellation | Apparent magnitude | Apparent dimensions | Right ascension | Declination |
| M1 | NGC 1952 | Crab Nebula | Supernova remnant | 4.9–8.1 | Taurus | 8.4 | 420″ × 290″ | 05$^h$ 34$^m$ 31.94$^s$ | +22° 00′ 52.2″ |
| M2 | NGC 7089 | – | Globular cluster | 33 | Aquarius | 6.5 | 16' | 21$^h$ 33$^m$ 27.02$^s$ | −00° 49′ 23.7″ |
| M3 | NGC 5272 | – | Globular cluster | 33.9 | Canes Venatici | 6.2 | 18' | 13$^h$ 42$^m$ 11.62$^s$ | +28° 22′ 38.2″ |
| M4 | NGC 6121 | Spider Globular Cluster | Globular cluster | 7.2 | Scorpius | 5.6 | 26' | 16$^h$ 23$^m$ 35.22$^s$ | −26° 31′ 32.7″ |
| M5 | NGC 5904 | Rose Cluster | Globular cluster | 24.5 | Serpens | 5.6 | 23' | 15$^h$ 18$^m$ 33.22$^s$ | +02° 04′ 51.7″ |
| M6 | NGC 6405 | Butterfly Cluster | Open cluster | 1.6 | Scorpius | 4.2 | 25' | 17$^h$ 40.1$^m$ | −32° 13′ |
| M7 | NGC 6475 | Ptolemy's Cluster | Open cluster | 0.65–1.31 | Scorpius | 3.3 | 80' | 17$^h$ 53$^m$ 51.2$^s$ | −34° 47′ 34″ |
| M8 | NGC 6523 | Lagoon Nebula | Nebula with cluster | 4.1 | Sagittarius | 4.6 | 90′ × 40′ | 18$^h$ 03$^m$ 37$^s$ | −24° 23′ 12″ |
| M9 | NGC 6333 | – | Globular cluster | 25.8 | Ophiuchus | 7.7 | 9.3' | 17$^h$ 19$^m$ 11.78$^s$ | −18° 30′ 58.5″ |
| M10 | NGC 6254 | – | Globular cluster | 14.3 | Ophiuchus | 6.6 | 20' | 16$^h$ 57$^m$ 8.92$^s$ | −04° 05′ 58.07″ |
| M11 | NGC 6705 | Wild Duck Cluster | Open cluster | 6.2 | Scutum | 5.8 | 22.8' | 18$^h$ 51.1$^m$ | −06° 16′ |
| M12 | NGC 6218 | – | Globular cluster | 15.7 | Ophiuchus | 6.7 | 16' | 16$^h$ 47$^m$ 14.18$^s$ | −01° 56′ 54.7″ |
| M13 | NGC 6205 | Great Hercules Cluster | Globular cluster | 22.2 | Hercules | 5.8 | 20' | 16$^h$ 41$^m$ 41.24$^s$ | +36° 27′ 35.5″ |
| M14 | NGC 6402 | – | Globular cluster | 30.3 | Ophiuchus | 7.6 | 11' | 17$^h$ 37$^m$ 36.15$^s$ | −03° 14′ 45.3″ |
| M15 | NGC 7078 | Great Pegasus Cluster | Globular cluster | 33 | Pegasus | 6.2 | 18' | 21$^h$ 29$^m$ 58.33$^s$ | +12° 10′ 01.2″ |
| M16 | NGC 6611 | Eagle Nebula | H II region nebula with cluster | 7 | Serpens | 6.4 | 70' x 50' | 18$^h$ 18$^m$ 48$^s$ | −13° 49′ |
| M17 | NGC 6618 | Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, Lobster, or Checkmark Nebula | H II region nebula with cluster | 5–6 | Sagittarius | 6.0 | 11' | 18$^h$ 20$^m$ 26$^s$ | −16° 10′ 36″ |
| M18 | NGC 6613 | Black Swan Cluster | Open cluster | 4.9 | Sagittarius | 7.5 | 9.8' | 18$^h$ 19.9$^m$ | −17° 08′ |
| M19 | NGC 6273 | – | Globular cluster | 28.7 | Ophiuchus | 6.8 | 17' | 17$^h$ 02$^m$ 37.69$^s$ | −26° 16′ 04.6″ |
| M20 | NGC 6514 | Trifid Nebula | H II region nebula with cluster | 5.2 | Sagittarius | 6.3 | 28' | 18$^h$ 02$^m$ 23$^s$ | −23° 01′ 48″ |
| M21 | NGC 6531 | Webb's Cross Cluster | Open cluster | 4.25 | Sagittarius | 6.5 | 14' | 18$^h$ 04.6$^m$ | −22° 30′ |
| M22 | NGC 6656 | Great Sagittarius Cluster | Globular cluster | 9.6–11.6 | Sagittarius | 5.1 | 32' | 18$^h$ 36$^m$ 23.94$^s$ | −23° 54′ 17.1″ |
| M23 | NGC 6494 | – | Open cluster | 2.15 | Sagittarius | 5.5 | 35' | 17$^h$ 56.8$^m$ | −19° 01′ |
| M24 | IC 4715 | Small Sagittarius Star Cloud | Milky Way star cloud | ~10 | Sagittarius | 2.5 | 2°x1° | 18$^h$ 17$^m$ | −18° 33′ |
| M25 | IC 4725 | – | Open cluster | 2.0 | Sagittarius | 4.6 | 36' | 18$^h$ 31.6$^m$ | −19° 15′ |
| M26 | NGC 6694 | – | Open cluster | 5.0 | Scutum | 8.0 | 14' | 18$^h$ 45.2$^m$ | −09° 24′ |
| M27 | NGC 6853 | Dumbbell Nebula | Planetary nebula | 1.148–1.52 | Vulpecula | 7.4 | 8.0' × 5.6' | 19$^h$ 59$^m$ 36.340$^s$ | +22° 43′ 16.09″ |
| M28 | NGC 6626 | – | Globular cluster | 17.9 | Sagittarius | 6.8 | 11.2' | 18$^h$ 24$^m$ 32.89$^s$ | −24° 52′ 11.4″ |
| M29 | NGC 6913 | Cooling Tower Cluster | Open cluster | 7.2 | Cygnus | 7.1 | 7' | 20$^h$ 23$^m$ 56$^s$ | +38° 31′ 24″ |
| M30 | NGC 7099 | Jellyfish Cluster | Globular cluster | 27.8–31 | Capricornus | 7.2 | 12' | 21$^h$ 40$^m$ 22.12$^s$ | −23° 10′ 47.5″ |
| M31 | NGC 224 | Andromeda Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 2,430–2,650 | Andromeda | 3.4 | 3.167° × 1° | 00$^h$ 42$^m$ 44.3$^s$ | +41° 16′ 09″ |
| M32 | NGC 221 | Andromeda Satellite #1 | Dwarf elliptical galaxy | 2,410–2,570 | Andromeda | 8.1 | 8.7' × 6.5' | 00$^h$ 42$^m$ 41.8$^s$ | +40° 51′ 55″ |
| M33 | NGC 598 | Triangulum/Pinwheel Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 2,380–3,070 | Triangulum | 5.7 | 70.8' x 41.7' | 01$^h$ 33$^m$ 50.02$^s$ | +30° 39′ 36.7″ |
| M34 | NGC 1039 | Spiral Cluster | Open cluster | 1.5 | Perseus | 5.5 | 35' | 02$^h$ 42.1$^m$ | +42° 46′ |
| M35 | NGC 2168 | Shoe-Buckle Cluster | Open cluster | 2.8 | Gemini | 5.3 | 28' | 06$^h$ 09.1$^m$ | +24° 21′ |
| M36 | NGC 1960 | Pinwheel Cluster | Open cluster | 4.1 | Auriga | 6.3 | 12' | 05$^h$ 36$^m$ 12$^s$ | +34° 08′ 04″ |
| M37 | NGC 2099 | Salt and Pepper Cluster | Open cluster | 4.511 | Auriga | 6.2 | 24' | 05$^h$ 52$^m$ 18$^s$ | +32° 33′ 02″ |
| M38 | NGC 1912 | Starfish Cluster | Open cluster | 4.2 | Auriga | 7.4 | 21' | 05$^h$ 28$^m$ 42$^s$ | +35° 51′ 18″ |
| M39 | NGC 7092 | Pyramid Cluster | Open cluster | 0.8244 | Cygnus | 4.6 | 29' | 21$^h$ 31$^m$ 42$^s$ | +48° 26′ 00″ |
| M40 | – | Winnecke 4 | Optical Double | 0.51 | Ursa Major | 8.4 | 51.7″ | 12$^h$ 22$^m$ 12.5$^s$ | +58° 04′ 59″ |
| M41 | NGC 2287 | Little Beehive Cluster | Open cluster | 2.3 | Canis Major | 4.5 | 38' | 06$^h$ 46.0$^m$ | −20° 46′ |
| M42 | NGC 1976 | Great Orion Nebula | H II region nebula | 1.324–1.364 | Orion | 4.0 | 65' x 60' | 05$^h$ 35$^m$ 17.3$^s$ | −05° 23′ 28″ |
| M43 | NGC 1982 | De Mairan's Nebula | H II region nebula (part of the Orion Nebula) | 1.6 | Orion | 9.0 | 20' x 15' | 05$^h$ 35.6$^m$ | −05° 16′ |
| M44 | NGC 2632 | Beehive Cluster or Praesepe | Open cluster | 0.577 | Cancer | 3.7 | 95' | 08$^h$ 40.4$^m$ | +19° 59′ |
| M45 | – | Pleiades, Seven Sisters or Subaru | Open cluster | 0.39–0.46 | Taurus | 1.6 | 2° | 03$^h$ 47$^m$ 24$^s$ | +24° 07′ 00″ |
| M46 | NGC 2437 | – | Open cluster | 5.4 | Puppis | 6.0 | 22.8' | 07$^h$ 41.8$^m$ | −14° 49′ |
| M47 | NGC 2422 | – | Open cluster | 1.6 | Puppis | 4.4 | 30' | 07$^h$ 36.6$^m$ | −14° 30′ |
| M48 | NGC 2548 | – | Open cluster | 1.5 | Hydra | 5.5 | 30' | 08$^h$ 13.7$^m$ | −05° 45′ |
| M49 | NGC 4472 | – | Elliptical galaxy | 53,600–58,200 | Virgo | 8.4 | 10.2' × 8.3' | 12$^h$ 29$^m$ 46.7$^s$ | +08° 00′ 02″ |
| M50 | NGC 2323 | Heart-Shaped Cluster | Open cluster | 3.2 | Monoceros | 5.9 | 16' | 07$^h$ 03.2$^m$ | −08° 20′ |
| M51 | NGC 5194, NGC 5195 | Whirlpool Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 19,000–27,000 | Canes Venatici | 8.4 | 11.2′ × 6.9′ | 13$^h$ 29$^m$ 52.7$^s$ | +47° 11′ 43″ |
| M52 | NGC 7654 | Scorpion Cluster | Open cluster | 5.0 | Cassiopeia | 7.3 | 13' | 23$^h$ 24.2$^m$ | +61° 35′ |
| M53 | NGC 5024 | – | Globular cluster | 58 | Coma Berenices | 7.6 | 13' | 13$^h$ 12$^m$ 55.25$^s$ | +18° 10′ 05.4″ |
| M54 | NGC 6715 | – | Globular cluster | 87.4 | Sagittarius | 7.6 | 12' | 18$^h$ 55$^m$ 03.33$^s$ | −30° 28′ 47.5″ |
| M55 | NGC 6809 | Specter Cluster | Globular cluster | 17.6 | Sagittarius | 6.3 | 19' | 19$^h$ 39$^m$ 59.71$^s$ | −30° 57′ 53.1″ |
| M56 | NGC 6779 | – | Globular cluster | 32.9 | Lyra | 8.3 | 8.8' | 19$^h$ 16$^m$ 35.57$^s$ | +30° 11′ 00.5″ |
| M57 | NGC 6720 | Ring Nebula | Planetary nebula | 1.6–3.8 | Lyra | 8.8 | 230" × 230" | 18$^h$ 53$^m$ 35.079$^s$ | +33° 01′ 45.03″ |
| M58 | NGC 4579 | – | Barred Spiral galaxy | ~63,000 | Virgo | 9.7 | 5.9' × 4.7' | 12$^h$ 37$^m$ 43.5$^s$ | +11° 49′ 05″ |
| M59 | NGC 4621 | – | Elliptical galaxy | 55,000–65,000 | Virgo | 9.6 | 5.4' × 3.7' | 12$^h$ 42$^m$ 02.3$^s$ | +11° 38′ 49″ |
| M60 | NGC 4649 | – | Elliptical galaxy | 51,000–59,000 | Virgo | 8.8 | 7.4' × 6.0' | 12$^h$ 43$^m$ 39.6$^s$ | +11° 33′ 09″ |
| M61 | NGC 4303 | Swelling Spiral Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 50,200–54,800 | Virgo | 9.7 | 6.5' × 5.8' | 12$^h$ 21$^m$ 54.9$^s$ | +04° 28′ 25″ |
| M62 | NGC 6266 | Flickering Globular | Globular cluster | 22.2 | Ophiuchus | 6.5 | 15' | 17$^h$ 01$^m$ 12.60$^s$ | −30° 06′ 44.5″ |
| M63 | NGC 5055 | Sunflower Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 37,000 | Canes Venatici | 8.6 | 12.6' × 7.2' | 13$^h$ 15$^m$ 49.3$^s$ | +42° 01′ 45″ |
| M64 | NGC 4826 | Black Eye Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 22,000–26,000 | Coma Berenices | 8.5 | 10.7' × 5.1' | 12$^h$ 56$^m$ 43.7$^s$ | +21° 40′ 58″ |
| M65 | NGC 3623 | Leo Triplet | Barred Spiral galaxy | 41,000–42,000 | Leo | 9.3 | 8.7' × 2.5' | 11$^h$ 18$^m$ 55.9$^s$ | +13° 05′ 32″ |
| M66 | NGC 3627 | Leo Triplet | Barred Spiral galaxy | 31,000–41,000 | Leo | 8.9 | 9.1' × 4.2' | 11$^h$ 20$^m$ 15.0$^s$ | +12° 59′ 30″ |
| M67 | NGC 2682 | King Cobra or Golden Eye Cluster | Open cluster | 2.61–2.93 | Cancer | 6.1 | 30' | 08$^h$ 51.3$^m$ | +11° 49′ |
| M68 | NGC 4590 | – | Globular cluster | 33.6 | Hydra | 7.8 | 11' | 12$^h$ 39$^m$ 27.98$^s$ | −26° 44′ 38.6″ |
| M69 | NGC 6637 | – | Globular cluster | 29.7 | Sagittarius | 7.6 | 10.8' | 18$^h$ 31$^m$ 23.10$^s$ | −32° 20′ 53.1″ |
| M70 | NGC 6681 | – | Globular cluster | 29.4 | Sagittarius | 7.9 | 8' | 18$^h$ 43$^m$ 12.76$^s$ | −32° 17′ 31.6″ |
| M71 | NGC 6838 | Angelfish Cluster | Globular cluster | 13.0 | Sagitta | 8.2 | 7.2' | 19$^h$ 53$^m$ 46.49$^s$ | +18° 46′ 45.1″ |
| M72 | NGC 6981 | – | Globular cluster | 53.40–55.74 | Aquarius | 9.3 | 6.6' | 20$^h$ 53$^m$ 27.70$^s$ | −12° 32′ 14.3″ |
| M73 | NGC 6994 | – | Asterism | ~2.5 | Aquarius | 9.0 | 2.8' | 20$^h$ 58$^m$ 54$^s$ | −12° 38′ |
| M74 | NGC 628 | Phantom Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 24,000–36,000 | Pisces | 9.4 | 10.5' x 9.5' | 01$^h$ 36$^m$ 41.8$^s$ | +15° 47′ 01″ |
| M75 | NGC 6864 | – | Globular cluster | 67.5 | Sagittarius | 8.5 | 6.8' | 20$^h$ 06$^m$ 04.75$^s$ | −21° 55′ 16.2″ |
| M76 | NGC 650, NGC 651 | Little Dumbbell Nebula | Planetary nebula | 2.5 | Perseus | 10.1 | 2.7' × 1.8' | 01$^h$ 42.4$^m$ | +51° 34′ 31″ |
| M77 | NGC 1068 | Cetus A or Squid Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 47,000 | Cetus | 8.9 | 7.1' × 6.0' | 02$^h$ 42$^m$ 40.7$^s$ | −00° 00′ 48″ |
| M78 | NGC 2068 | – | Diffuse nebula | 1.6 | Orion | 8.3 | 8' × 6' | 05$^h$ 46$^m$ 46.7$^s$ | +00° 00′ 50″ |
| M79 | NGC 1904 | – | Globular cluster | 41 | Lepus | 7.7 | 8.7' | 05$^h$ 24$^m$ 10.59$^s$ | −24° 31′ 27.3″ |
| M80 | NGC 6093 | – | Globular cluster | 32.6 | Scorpius | 7.3 | 10' | 16$^h$ 17$^m$ 02.41$^s$ | −22° 58′ 33.9″ |
| M81 | NGC 3031 | Bode's Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 11,400–12,200 | Ursa Major | 6.9 | 26.9' × 14.1' | 09$^h$ 55$^m$ 33.2$^s$ | +69° 03′ 55″ |
| M82 | NGC 3034 | Cigar Galaxy | Starburst galaxy | 10,700–12,300 | Ursa Major | 8.4 | 11.2' × 4.3' | 09$^h$ 55$^m$ 52.2$^s$ | +69° 40′ 47″ |
| M83 | NGC 5236 | Southern Pinwheel Galaxy | Barred Spiral galaxy | 14,700 | Hydra | 7.6 | 12.9' × 11.5' | 13$^h$ 37$^m$ 00.9$^s$ | −29° 51′ 57″ |
| M84 | NGC 4374 | – | Lenticular galaxy | 57,000–63,000 | Virgo | 9.1 | 6.5' × 5.6' | 12$^h$ 25$^m$ 03.7$^s$ | +12° 53′ 13″ |
| M85 | NGC 4382 | – | Lenticular galaxy | 56,000–64,000 | Coma Berenices | 9.1 | 7.1' × 5.5' | 12$^h$ 25$^m$ 24.0$^s$ | +18° 11′ 28″ |
| M86 | NGC 4406 | – | Lenticular galaxy | 49,000–55,000 | Virgo | 8.9 | 8.9' × 5.8' | 12$^h$ 26$^m$ 11.7$^s$ | +12° 56′ 46″ |
| M87 | NGC 4486 | Virgo A or Smoking Gun Galaxy | Elliptical galaxy | 51,870–55,130 | Virgo | 8.6 | 7.2' × 6.8' | 12$^h$ 30$^m$ 49.42338$^s$ | +12° 23′ 28.0439″ |
| M88 | NGC 4501 | – | Spiral galaxy | 39,000–56,000 | Coma Berenices | 9.6 | 6.9' × 3.7' | 12$^h$ 31$^m$ 59.2$^s$ | +14° 25′ 14″ |
| M89 | NGC 4552 | – | Elliptical galaxy | 47,000–53,000 | Virgo | 9.8 | 5.1' × 4.7' | 12$^h$ 35$^m$ 39.8$^s$ | +12° 33′ 23″ |
| M90 | NGC 4569 | – | Spiral galaxy | 55,900–61,500 | Virgo | 9.5 | 9.5' × 4.4' | 12$^h$ 36$^m$ 49.8$^s$ | +13° 09′ 46″ |
| M91 | NGC 4548 | – | Barred Spiral galaxy | 47,000–79,000 | Coma Berenices | 10.2 | 5.4' × 4.3' | 12$^h$ 35$^m$ 26.4$^s$ | +14° 29′ 47″ |
| M92 | NGC 6341 | – | Globular cluster | 26.7 | Hercules | 6.4 | 14' | 17$^h$ 17$^m$ 07.39$^s$ | +43° 08′ 09.4″ |
| M93 | NGC 2447 | Critter Cluster | Open cluster | 3.6 | Puppis | 6.0 | 10' | 07$^h$ 44.6$^m$ | −23° 52′ |
| M94 | NGC 4736 | Crocodile Eye or Cat's Eye Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 14,700–17,300 | Canes Venatici | 8.2 | 11.2' × 9.1' | 12$^h$ 50$^m$ 53.1$^s$ | +41° 07′ 14″ |
| M95 | NGC 3351 | – | Barred Spiral galaxy | 31,200–34,000 | Leo | 9.7 | 3.1' × 2.9' | 10$^h$ 43$^m$ 57.7$^s$ | +11° 42′ 14″ |
| M96 | NGC 3368 | – | Spiral galaxy | 28,000–34,000 | Leo | 9.2 | 7.6' × 5.2' | 10$^h$ 46$^m$ 45.7$^s$ | +11° 49′ 12″ |
| M97 | NGC 3587 | Owl Nebula | Planetary nebula | 2.03 | Ursa Major | 9.9 | 3.4' × 3.3' | 11$^h$ 14$^m$ 47.734$^s$ | +55° 01′ 08.50″ |
| M98 | NGC 4192 | – | Spiral galaxy | 44,400 | Coma Berenices | 10.1 | 9.8' × 2.8' | 12$^h$ 13$^m$ 48.292$^s$ | +14° 54′ 01.69″ |
| M99 | NGC 4254 | St. Catherine's Wheel | Spiral galaxy | 44,700–55,700 | Coma Berenices | 9.9 | 5.4' × 4.7' | 12$^h$ 18$^m$ 49.6$^s$ | +14° 24′ 59″ |
| M100 | NGC 4321 | Mirror Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 55,000 | Coma Berenices | 9.3 | 7.4' × 6.3' | 12$^h$ 22$^m$ 54.9$^s$ | +15° 49′ 21″ |
| M101 | NGC 5457 | Pinwheel Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 19,100–22,400 | Ursa Major | 7.9 | 28.8' × 26.9' | 14$^h$ 03$^m$ 12.6$^s$ | +54° 20′ 57″ |
| M102 | NGC 5866 | Spindle Galaxy | Lenticular galaxy | 50,000 | Draco | 9.9 | 4.7' x 1.9' | 15$^h$ 06$^m$ 29.5$^s$ | +55° 45′ 48″ |
| M103 | NGC 581 | – | Open cluster | 10 | Cassiopeia | 7.4 | 6' | 01$^h$ 33.2$^m$ | +60° 42′ |
| M104 | NGC 4594 | Sombrero Galaxy | Spiral galaxy | 28,700–30,900 | Virgo | 8.0 | 9' x 4' | 12$^h$ 39$^m$ 59.4$^s$ | −11° 37′ 23″ |
| M105 | NGC 3379 | – | Elliptical galaxy | 30,400–33,600 | Leo | 9.3 | 5.4' × 4.8' | 10$^h$ 47$^m$ 49.6$^s$ | +12° 34′ 54″ |
| M106 | NGC 4258 | – | Spiral galaxy | 22,200–25,200 | Canes Venatici | 8.4 | 18.6' × 7.2' | 12$^h$ 18$^m$ 57.5$^s$ | +47° 18′ 14″ |
| M107 | NGC 6171 | Crucifix Cluster | Globular cluster | 20.9 | Ophiuchus | 7.9 | 10' | 16$^h$ 32$^m$ 31.86$^s$ | −13° 03′ 13.6″ |
| M108 | NGC 3556 | Surfboard Galaxy | Barred Spiral galaxy | 46,000 | Ursa Major | 10.0 | 8.7' × 2.2' | 11$^h$ 11$^m$ 31.0$^s$ | +55° 40′ 27″ |
| M109 | NGC 3992 | Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy | Barred Spiral galaxy | 59,500–107,500 | Ursa Major | 9.8 | 7.6' × 4.7' | 11$^h$ 57$^m$ 36.0$^s$ | +53° 22′ 28″ |
| M110 | NGC 205 | Andromeda Satellite #2 | Dwarf elliptical galaxy | 2,600–2,780 | Andromeda | 8.5 | 21.9' × 11.0' | 00$^h$ 40$^m$ 22.1$^s$ | +41° 41′ 07″ |