# Midway (2019 film)

Midway is a 2019 war film directed by Roland Emmerich, produced with Harald Kloser, and written by Wes Tooke. The film covers the first six months in the Pacific Theater of World War II, from the Attack on Pearl Harbor to the titular Battle of Midway. The film stars Ed Skrein, Patrick Wilson, Luke Evans, Aaron Eckhart, Nick Jonas, Mandy Moore, Dennis Quaid, Tadanobu Asano, Darren Criss, and Woody Harrelson.
The film was a passion project of Emmerich's, and he had trouble getting financial support for the film before finally raising sufficient funds and officially announcing the project in 2017. Much of the cast joined in 2018, and filming began in Hawaii. Some filming also took place in Montreal. With a production budget of $100 million, it is to date one of the most expensive independent films of all time.
Midway was theatrically released by Lionsgate and Summit Entertainment in the United States on November 8, 2019 and received generally mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visuals but criticized the screenplay. The film was a box-office bomb, grossing only $126 million worldwide against the $100 million budget.

## Plot

In December 1937, Lieutenant Commander Edwin T. Layton, an American naval attaché intelligence officer, is warned during a state function in Tokyo between the United States Navy, Royal Navy, and Imperial Japanese Navy by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto that, because 80% of Japan's oil is imported, if the US were to threaten their oil supply then the Japanese would have no choice but to wage war.
On December 7, 1941, during World War II, following the US's decision to cut off Japan's oil supply, the Japanese launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, forcing the US to enter the war. Admiral Yamamoto, with the support of Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi, proposes an audacious plan to invade Midway Island using the four available Japanese carriers of the "Kido Butai" but the Japanese Army overrules them. In February, naval aviator Lieutenant Richard "Dick" Best and the Air Group of the carrier USS Enterprise launches raids against the Marshall Islands. In April, after Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's raid on Tokyo, Yamamoto, Yamaguchi, and Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo are permitted to carry out their plan to attack Midway.
In May, following the Battle of the Coral Sea, Layton, along with Joseph Rochefort and his cryptography team, use signals intelligence to intercept Japanese messages about an operation against an objective identified only as "AF". Layton and his team believe that "AF" is Midway Atoll, while Washington believes it to be a target in the South Pacific. The newly appointed commander-in-chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, remains skeptical. To prove their theory, Layton instructs Midway to send an unencrypted message stating they are suffering from a water shortage. The Japanese pick up this signal and send an intercepted message about water shortages on "AF," confirming "AF" to be Midway. Hoping to mount his surprise attack, Nimitz orders the aircraft carriers USS Hornet and Enterprise to be recalled from the Coral Sea and demands that the damaged USS Yorktown be repaired in 72 hours for combat operations. Admiral William Halsey Jr is placed on shore leave due to shingles and is temporarily replaced by Admiral Raymond A. Spruance.
On June 4, the Japanese launch an air raid on Midway. Initial attempts by US land-based aircraft to strike the Japanese fleet carriers fail, although Nagumo is shaken when a crashing American bomber narrowly misses the bridge of the Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi in an apparent ramming attempt. The submarine USS Nautilus tries to attack the fleet and is chased off by the Japanese destroyer Arashi. American squadrons attack the Japanese fleet without success, and a surviving crew member George H. Gay Jr. in the water as the persistent attacks disrupt the fleet from launching their counterstrike. Upon spotting the Arashi from the air, Wade McClusky correctly figures out the destroyer is rushing back to the fleet and leads his planes to follow its course. Arriving to find the Japanese Combat Air Patrol at low level due to the previous attacks, the dive bombers reduce the Japanese aircraft carriers Kaga, Sōryū and Akagi to burning wrecks. Nagumo is persuaded to transfer his flag while Yamaguchi, aboard the sole remaining carrier, Hiryu, launches a strike that succeeds in crippling Yorktown but Enterprise and Hornet successfully cripple the Hiryu in response. Admiral Yamaguchi chooses to go down with his command along with the Captain, as Hiryu is scuttled.
Yamamoto orders a general withdrawal. At Pearl Harbor, Rochefort intercepts the Japanese order to withdraw and passes it to Layton, who informs Nimitz. Best is discharged from the Navy for his lung problems, incurred due to the use of faulty breathing apparatus during the battle and returns home to his wife and daughter.

## Cast
### Allies

| Actor | Role | Notes |
| Ed Skrein | Lieutenant Dick Best | Commander, Bombing Squadron 6, USS Enterprise |
| Patrick Wilson | Lieutenant Commander Edwin Layton | Intelligence officer, US Pacific Fleet |
| Luke Evans | Lieutenant Commander Wade McClusky | Air group commander, USS Enterprise |
| Aaron Eckhart | Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle | USAAF flight commander, embarked on USS Hornet |
| Nick Jonas | Aviation Machinist's Mate Bruno Gaido | Aviation crew, USS Enterprise |
| Luke Kleintank | Lieutenant Clarence Dickinson Jr. | Pilot, Scouting Squadron 6, USS Enterprise |
| Darren Criss | Lieutenant Commander Eugene Lindsey | Commander, Torpedo Squadron 6, USS Enterprise |
| Keean Johnson | Chief Aviation Radioman James Murray | Radio operator, Bombing Squadron 6, USS Enterprise |
| Alexander Ludwig | Lieutenant Roy Pearce | Watch officer, USS Arizona |
| Brennan Brown | Commander Joseph Rochefort | Chief Cryptanalyst, Fleet Radio Unit Pacific |
| Geoffrey Blake | Commander John Ford | Film director stationed at Midway Island on Special Duty |
| Jake Manley | Ensign Willie West | Pilot, Bombing Squadron 6, USS Enterprise |
| Mark Rolston | Admiral Ernest J. King | Chief of Naval Operations |
| Jake Weber | Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance | Commander, Task Force 16 |
| Eric Davis | Captain Miles Browning | Halsey's chief of staff, USS Enterprise |
| David Hewlett | Admiral Husband Kimmel | Commander-in-chief, US Pacific Fleet |
| Dennis Quaid | Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey | Commander, Carrier Division Two |
| Woody Harrelson | Admiral Chester W. Nimitz | Commander-in-chief, US Pacific Fleet |
| Brandon Sklenar | Ensign George "Tex" Gay | Pilot, Torpedo Squadron 8, USS Hornet |
| James Carpinello | Lieutenant Commander William Brockman | Captain, USS Nautilus |

### Japanese

| Actor | Role | Notes |
| Etsushi Toyokawa | Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto | Commander-in-chief, Combined Fleet |
| Tadanobu Asano | Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi | Commander, 2nd Carrier Division |
| Jun Kunimura | Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo | Commander, 1st Air Fleet (Kidō Butai) and 1st Carrier Division |
| Peter Shinkoda | Commander Minoru Genda | Air Operations Officer, 1st Air Fleet |
| Hiro Kanagawa | Commander Isamu Fujita | Captain, Makigumo |
| Hiromoto Ida | General Hideki Tōjō | Prime Minister |
| Hiroaki Shintani | Emperor Hirohito | |
| Nobuya Shimamoto | Captain Tomeo Kaku | Captain, Hiryū |

### Civilians

| Actor | Role | Notes |
| Rachael Perrell Fosket | Dagne Layton | Edwin Layton's wife |
| Kenny Leu | Zhu Xuesan | Chinese school teacher, who visited the US in 1932 |
| Mandy Moore | Anne Best | Dick Best's wife |
| Dean Schaller | Jack MacKenzie Jr. | Ford's cameraman |

## Production
### Development

On May 23, 2017, it was reported that Roland Emmerich would be directing the World War II film Midway. Due to its potential lofty budget (with estimates putting its needed cost at $125 million), Emmerich had trouble getting the film greenlit. When no major studio would bankroll the project, he cut down on potential battle sequences and turned to individuals for the funds, resulting in $76 million; he then got an additional $24 million in equity, mostly from Chinese investors, resulting in the film's $100 million budget. It is one of the most costly independent films ever made. Emmerich had previously attempted to mount the film at Sony Pictures in the 1990s, with William Goldman becoming interested in the project. However, as with the final rendition, executives balked at the proposed $100 million budget ($152 million by 2019 inflation), and Emmerich moved on to direct The Patriot.
Harald Kloser also produced the film. The Naval History and Heritage Command of the US Navy were involved in both the writing and production of the film.

### Casting

In April 2018, Woody Harrelson and Mandy Moore joined the ensemble cast for the film. In July 2018, Luke Evans was cast in the film to play Lieutenant Commander Wade McClusky, who was awarded the Navy Cross for his role in the Battle of Midway. Robby Baumgartner was hired as cinematographer. August saw the additions of Patrick Wilson, Ed Skrein, Aaron Eckhart, Nick Jonas, Tadanobu Asano, Dennis Quaid, and others to the cast. Darren Criss, Alexander Ludwig, and Brandon Sklenar were cast in September.

### Filming

Filming began on September 5, 2018, in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was also shot in Montreal, Quebec.
In November 2018, it was announced that VFX company Scanline VFX will be the main VFX vendor, and that Pixomondo had signed on to provide additional visual effects.

## Release

The film was released on November 8, 2019, Veterans Day weekend.

### Marketing

A teaser poster for the film was released on June 4, 2019, which was also the 77th anniversary of the Battle of Midway. A set of 13 still photographs depicting scenes from the film was released on June 26, 2019, and the first trailer for the film was released the following day (June 27). The second and final trailer of the film was released on September 12, 2019, with the film's theatrical poster on September 25. All-in-all, Lionsgate spent around $40 million promoting the film.

### Home media

Midway was released on Digital HD on February 4, 2020, and on DVD, Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray on February 18, 2020.

## Reception
### Box office

Midway grossed $56.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $70.6 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $127.4 million, against a production budget of $100 million.
In the United States and Canada, Midway was released alongside Doctor Sleep, Playing with Fire, and Last Christmas, and was projected to gross around $15 million from 3,242 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $6.3 million on its first day (including $925,000 from Thursday night previews). It went on to debut to $17.9 million, beating box office expectations and upsetting projected winner Doctor Sleep by finishing first at the box office. In its second weekend the film made $8.5 million, finishing second behind newcomer Ford v Ferrari, before making $4.7 million and finishing in fifth in its third weekend.

### Critical response

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 42% based on 175 reviews and an average rating of 5.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Midway revisits a well-known story with modern special effects and a more balanced point of view, but its screenplay isn't quite ready for battle." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 47 out of 100 based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an average 4 out of 5 stars, with 58% saying they would definitely recommend it.
Barry Hertz of The Globe and Mail gave the film a score of 2/4 stars, describing it as "a Second World War epic that runs a comparatively paltry 138 minutes yet feels about five times as long", concluding that the film was "a choppy bore, its main source of intrigue centred around whatever New Jersey-ese accent British actor Ed Skrein is attempting as dive bomber Richard Best." Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film a score of 2.5/4 stars, saying that it "tells a story that's vividly and viscerally rendered, with all the entertainment value of a big, old-fashioned war movie", but added: "the kiss-kiss never really registers with quite the same impact as the bang-bang." Wendy Ide of The Observer gave the film a score of 2/5 stars, writing: "Every tired war movie cliche is unearthed in a film that brings nothing new but will no doubt please fans of men in uniform yelling at explosions."
Paul Byrnes of The Sydney Morning Herald gave the film a score of 3/5 stars, describing it as "one of [Roland Emmerich's] better films", but added: "There are a number of earlier versions to pick from, including John Ford's original 18-minute Oscar-winning documentary. We didn't need a new one, unless he had something new to say or a new way to say it. To both questions, the answer is no." Owen Gleiberman of Variety wrote: "The film's drama is B-movie basic. But the destructive colliding metal-on-metal inferno of what war is what makes Midway a picture worth seeing." Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described the film as being "so square, so old-school and old-fashioned, it almost feels avant-garde", adding: "It aims to celebrate heroism, sacrifice, determination and grit, and if you don't like that it really does not care."

## Historical accuracy

While the film takes some artistic license, Emmerich and Tooke were both adamant about being historically accurate, and Midway received praise from some combat veterans and historians for being a more accurate portrayal of events than Midway (1976) and Pearl Harbor (2001). Naval History and Heritage Command director and retired Navy Rear Admiral Sam Cox said: "Despite some of the 'Hollywood' aspects, this is still the most realistic movie about naval combat ever made."
Several seemingly "Hollywood-ized" events depicted in the film, such as Bruno Gaido sprinting into a parked plane to shoot down a crippled plane attempting to crash into the Enterprise, then getting promoted on the spot, occurred as shown, though according to USA Today, "Gaido hid after shooting the plane down, afraid he was going to get in trouble for leaving his battle station. "They had to hunt him down and bring him to Halsey", said retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Samuel J. Cox, director of the Naval History and Heritage Command.