OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Advanced Functional Materials

Advanced Functional Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published by Wiley-VCH. Established in February 2001, the journal began to publish monthly in 2002 and moved to 18/year in 2006, biweekly in 2008, and weekly in 2013.
It has been published under other titles since 1985.

## Scope

Coverage of this journal encompasses all topics pertaining to materials science. Topical coverage includes photovoltaics, organic electronics, carbon materials, nanotechnology, liquid crystals, magnetic materials, surfaces and interfaces, and biomaterials. Publishing formats include original research papers, feature articles and highlights.

## History

It was established in 2001 by Peter Gregory, the Editor of Advanced Materials, when the Wiley journal Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics (starting in 1992) was discontinued; the volume numbering continued, however.
Advanced Functional Materials is the sister journal to Advanced Materials and publishes full papers and feature articles on the development and applications of functional materials, including topics in chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, ceramics, metallurgy, and biomaterials. Frequent topics covered by the journal also include liquid crystals, semiconductors, superconductors, optics, lasers, sensors, porous materials, light-emitting materials, magnetic materials, thin films, and colloids.
The current editor-in-chief is Joern Ritterbusch; David Flanagan was previously the editor-in-chief.

## Abstracting and indexing

Advanced Functional Materials is indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
* Thomson Reuters Web of Science
* CSA Illunina
* Chemical Abstracts Service (ACS)
* Compendex
* FIZ Karlsruhe Databases
* INSPEC
* Polymer Library
* SCOPUS (Elsevier)
# Mali Slatnik

Mali Slatnik (pronounced) is a settlement in the hills east of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Bob Eggleton

Bob Eggleton (born September 13, 1960) is an American science fiction, fantasy and horror artist. Eggleton is a nine-time Hugo Award–winner for Best Pro Artist in science fiction and fantasy, first winning in 1994. He won the Hugo Award for Best Related Book in 2001 for his art book Greetings from Earth. He also won the Chesley Award for Artistic Achievement in 1999 and was the guest of honor at Chicon 2000.
His illustrations have appeared in Dark Horse Comics, Random House Godzilla books, IDW’s Godzilla comic series and on covers for Famous Monsters of Filmland, G-Fan & Japanese Giants magazines.
In film, he has worked as a concept artist on Sphere (1997), Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius (2001) and The Ant Bully (2006). He also illustrated matte paintings on the short film The Idol (2007) and was an extra in the Millennium Godzilla film Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla (2002).

## Early life

Bob Eggleton was born September 13, 1960, in Concord, Massachusetts.

## Style and subjects

Eggleton's drawing and paintings cover a wide range of genre topics, often depicting dinosaurs and prehistoric life, dragons and fantasy creatures, giant monsters such as Godzilla, Lovecraftian entities, space vistas and vintage rocket ships, etc. His view on spaceships were that they should look organic, and claimed that as a child, he was disappointed with the space shuttles and rockets NASA produced; they were nothing like fantasy artists of the twenties and thirties had promised. His fascination with dragons originated with his childhood interest of dinosaurs, which can be seen in the book Greetings from Earth. His paintings are commissioned and bought at science fiction conventions and used as book covers.
Eggleton received massive encouragement from his father, in the form of books, supplies, visits to museums of space and aeronautics and support during the career choices he made. Eggleton dropped out of his art college, because he felt it was not for him.
Eggleton is a fan of Toho's Godzilla film franchise, and has illustrated numerous comics, magazines and children's books based on the character. He has also illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.
Asteroid 13562 was named Bobeggleton in his honor.
# Shaamar, Selenge

Shaamar (Mongolian: Шаамар) is a sum (district) of Selenge Province in northern Mongolia. The Dulaankhaan urban-type settlement is 35 km S from Shaamar sum center. In 2008, its population was 4,158.
The sum center settlement of Shaamar is divided into two parts, about 8 miles apart. Upper Shaamar is located on a flat part of a hill and lower Shaamar on the banks of the Selenge River. Lower Shaamar has access to the railway station and water from the river.
Shaamar was established as a negdel (agricultural cooperative) during the agricultural movement of the 1930s in Mongolia. Today, the local economy is mainly supported by vegetables, cattle, pork, poultry, and lumber.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into three bags, which are:
* Delgerkhaan
* Dulaankhaan
* Okhindii
# Acianthera bahorucensis

Acianthera bahorucensis is a species of orchid plant native to the Dominican Republic.
# Caroline Friederike Friedrich

Caroline Friederike Friedrich (born 4 March 1749 in Friedrichstadt bei Dresden; died 20 January 1815 in Dresden) was a flower painter. She was court painter and a member of the Dresden Academy, and produced a number of admired bouquets in oil and water-colours.
# Gordon Cheung

Gordon Cheung (born 1975) is a British artist who lives and works in London.

## Early life

Gordon Cheung was born and raised in London, UK, to parents from Hong Kong. Cheung received his BA (Hons) at Central Saint Martins and his MFA at the Royal College of Art. During his time as a student, he organised an assembly that exhibited 172 MA art graduates in two disused Victorian school buildings.

## Exhibitions

He was nominated for the Laing Art Solo Award in July 2007. Some of his exhibitions include The Promised Land in Jack Shainman Gallery, Art in the Age of Anxiety in Volta New York City, and The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in The New Art Gallery Walsall. Cheung's first US solo museum exhibition was at the Arizona State University Art Museum in 2010.

## Collections

* Hirshhorn Museum
* Whitworth Museum
* ASU Art Museum
* The New Art Gallery Walsall
* Knoxville Museum of Art
* Museum of Modern Art
* UK Government art collection
* British Museum
* Hiscox Collection
# Brewster Hill, New York

Brewster Hill is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the town of Southeast in Putnam County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,089.
Brewster Hill is located on the eastern side of Tonetta Lake and is east of Interstate 84.

## Geography

Brewster Hill is located at 41°25′22″N 73°36′15″W﻿ / ﻿41.42278°N 73.60417°W﻿ / 41.42278; -73.60417 (41.422880, -73.604277).
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brewster Hill has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km$^2$), of which 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$), or 11.22%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,226 people, 756 households, and 591 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,554.9 inhabitants per square mile (986.5/km$^2$). There were 777 housing units at an average density of 891.8 per square mile (344.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.50% White, 0.85% African American, 1.35% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.77% of the population.
There were 756 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.33.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $67,417, and the median income for a family was $69,044. Males had a median income of $48,011 versus $38,073 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,327. None of the families and 0.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 3.9% of those over 64.

## Education

The census-designated place is in the Brewster Central School District.
# Potov Vrh

Potov Vrh (pronounced) is a settlement in the hills east of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The local church, built on the eastern outskirts of the village, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the Parish of Novo Mesto–Sveti Lenart. It was built in the late 16th century.
# Authentication (law)

Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways. First, a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence passed from the time of the discovery up until the trial. Second, the evidence can be authenticated by the opinion of an expert witness examining the evidence to determine if it has all of the properties that it would be expected to have if it were authentic.

## Types of documents

For handwritten documents, any person who has become familiar with the purported author's handwriting prior to the cause of action from which the trial arose can testify that a document is in that handwriting. Alternatively, a handwriting expert can be called to testify based on their expertise in the field and examination of samples that the handwriting on the document is authentic.
There are several kinds of documents which have generally been deemed to be self-authenticating documents. Under the Federal Rules of Evidence, these include commercial labels, newspapers and other periodicals, and official publications of an arm of the government.
A special category of evidence called an ancient document will be deemed authentic if it can be shown to be more than twenty years old, and found in a place and condition that a document of that age would likely be found.
# Georg Flegel

Georg Flegel (1566 – 23 March 1638) was a German painter, best known for his still-life works.

## Early life and education

Flegel was born in Olmütz (Olomouc), Moravia. Around 1580 he moved to Vienna, where he worked as an assistant to Lucas van Valckenborch, a painter and draughtsman. Flegel was pupil of Lucas van Valckenborch in Linz from 1582 till 1592.
Flegel later moved to Frankfurt, which at the time was an important art-dealing city. As an assistant, he inserted items such as fruit, flowers, and table utensils into Valckenborch's works.
He is probably the same person Kramm found in Utrecht as ‘juriaen vlegel, Constschilder.’ in the "Protokol" of the notary (or real estate agent) Verduyn, noted as "Acte van 21 Maart, 1616". If so, then he probably moved there because of the new Utrecht Guild of St. Luke and probably knew other still-life painters active there in that period, such as Roelandt Savery (who had made a trip to Tyrol) and Balthasar van der Ast.

## Notable works

In a period of about 30 years (c. 1600–1630), he produced 110 watercolor and oil pictures, mostly still-life images which often depicted tables set for meals and covered with food, flowers and the occasional animal. Among his students were his own two sons, Friedrich (1596/1597–1616) and Jacob (probably Leonhard, 1602–1623), as well as the flower artist Jacob Marrel.
Flegel died in 1638 in Frankfurt-am-Main.
* Paintings
* Breakfast Image with herring, Bartmann pitcher and a stag beetle
* Still Life with Bread, Haselnuts, Seafood and Apples
* Still Life with parrot
* Still Life with Cherries
* Snack with Fried Eggs
* The big Breakfast
* Still Life with waffles
* Still Life with Bread and Confectionery
* Still Life with Dates and Cherries
* Small birds and roasted chestnuts
* Still Life with lobster
* Still Life with candy
* Dessert Still Life
* Still Life with herring
# Rob Hume

Robert 'Rob' Hume is an English ornithologist, author and journalist specialising in avian and natural history subjects. From Spring 1989 (vol. 12 no. 5), until Summer 2009 (vol. 22 no. 6), he was editor of the RSPB's award-winning Birds magazine, having previously edited the young people's award-winning version, Bird Life, at the RSPB's headquarters, The Lodge.
Hume did his early birdwatching at Chasewater, Staffordshire, and was a member of the West Midland Bird Club. He spent several years studying at Swansea University, during which time he birdwatched regularly at Blackpill and on the Gower Peninsula.
He is a past member (and the fifth chairman) of the British Birds Rarities Committee; and a past member of the editorial board of British Birds magazine, but resigned both posts in 1997. His autobiography, Life With Birds, was published in September 2005.
His drawings of birds often appeared in West Midland Bird Club reports and a number of books and journals. He wrote and illustrated articles in the short-lived Midlands Birdwatcher quarterly magazine, five issues of which were published in late 1976 and 1977.
He has led wildlife holidays in various European countries, Israel and Africa and has birded widely in Europe, in India and Sri Lanka, Australia, the Caribbean and North America.
# Alexander Young Cabin

The Alexander Young Cabin is a historic building located in Washington, Iowa, United States. Alexander Young built this log cabin for his home in 1840, and it served as the family home for 36 years. It is the only cabin that has been preserved in Washington County. Besides a residence, the Young's opened their home to hospitality, overnight travelers, church services, the post office, and as a school for at least one term. The two remaining family members donated the cabin to the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1912 as a memorial to all pioneers. It was moved from its original location to Sunset Park in Washington. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2018 it was included as a contributing property in the West Side Residential Historic District.
# Ossie Álvarez

Oswaldo Álvarez González (October 19, 1933 – March 7, 2008) was a Cuban professional baseball player. A shortstop and second baseman born in Bolondron in Matanzas Province, he appeared in 95 Major League Baseball (MLB) games for the Washington Senators (all of 1958) and Detroit Tigers (April 1959). He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) tall and weighed 165 pounds (75 kg).
Álvarez played in the minor leagues from 1952 to 1957 in the Senators' farm system. Primarily known for his speed, he twice led baseball's minor leagues in stolen bases. He made his MLB debut as a late-inning defensive replacement on April 19, 1958, and spent the whole season on the Senators' roster. Playing behind regular shortstop Rocky Bridges, he started 55 games, with another six starts as Washington's second baseman. In 196 at-bats spanning 87 games, he hit .209 with five runs batted in.
Álvarez was traded twice during the 1958–59 offseason. On October 27, he was shipped to the Cleveland Indians for veteran utility man Jay Porter; then, three weeks later, he was part of a major trade between the Indians and Tigers in which he and two top pitchers, Don Mossi and Ray Narleski, were sent to the Tigers for second baseman Billy Martin and pitcher Al Cicotte. In 1959 he appeared in eight early-season games for the Tigers, singling in two at-bats for his only other major league experience.
His MLB career over, he spent the rest of 1959 as a member of three different Triple-A clubs. He led the Mexican League in stolen bases with 27 at age 32 in 1965. He retired from the field after two games with the Charros de Jalisco in 1966.
In his 95 big-league games, Alvarez collected 42 hits, with only three extra-base hits, all doubles. He had one stolen base and batted .212 overall. He scouted for the Pittsburgh Pirates after his playing career ended. Ossie Álvarez died in Guadalajara, Mexico, on March 8, 2008.
# Black Hole Initiative

Part of a series on :
Physical cosmology :
Big Bang · Universe
Age of the universe
Chronology of the universe :
Early universe
Inflation · Nucleosynthesis
Backgrounds
Gravitational wave (GWB)
Microwave (CMB) · Neutrino (CNB) :
Expansion · Future
Hubble's law · Redshift
Expansion of the universe
FLRW metric · Friedmann equations
Lambda-CDM model
Future of an expanding universe
Ultimate fate of the universe :
Components · Structure
Components
Dark energy · Dark matter
Photons · Baryons
Structure
Shape of the universe
Galaxy filament · Galaxy formation
Large quasar group
Large-scale structure
Reionization · Structure formation :
Experiments
Black Hole Initiative (BHI)
BOOMERanG
Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
Dark Energy Survey
Planck space observatory
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) :
Scientists
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de Sitter
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List of cosmologists :
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Timeline of cosmological theories :
Category
Astronomy portal :
vte :
The Black Hole Initiative (BHI) is an interdisciplinary center at Harvard University that includes the fields of astronomy, physics, and philosophy, and is claimed to be the first center in the world to focus on the study of black holes. Principal participants include Sheperd S. Doeleman, Peter Galison, Avi Loeb, Andrew Strominger and Shing-Tung Yau. The initiative also provides for the support of BHI Fellows, who receive financial support for three years while they carry out independent research related to black holes. The BHI inauguration was held on 18 April 2016 and attended by Stephen Hawking; related workshop events were held on 19 April 2016. Robbert Dijkgraaf created the mural for the BHI Inauguration.
The BHI is funded by the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Harvard University allocated office space for the BHI on the second floor of 20 Garden Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The BHI is an independent Center within the Faculty of Arts & Sciences at Harvard University.
   If determinism — the predictability of the universe — breaks down in black holes, it could break down in other situations. Even worse, if determinism breaks down, we can’t be sure of our past history either. The history books and our memories could just be illusions. It is the past that tells us who we are. Without it, we lose our identity.
# Chen Hao (politician)

Chen Hao (Chinese: 陈豪; pinyin: Chén Háo; born 11 February 1954) is a Chinese politician. He served as Governor of Yunnan from 2014 to 2016 and also Party Secretary of Yunnan from 2016 to 2020. He was formerly Governor of Yunnan and vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

## Career

Chen Hao was born in February 1954 in Haimen, Jiangsu province, and worked as a schoolteacher in Haimen from 1973 to 1977. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in June 1976.
From 1979 to 1983 he worked at a fruit company in Jing'an District, Shanghai. From 1980 to 1984 he studied at Jiang'an Part-time University, majoring in Chinese literature. Starting in 1983, he worked at the Jiang'an District government, becoming CCP Deputy Committee Secretary of the district in 1996. From 1989 to 1991 he enrolled at the graduate school of East China Normal University, studying economics.
In 1997, he entered the municipal government of Shanghai. In 2003, he obtained an MBA degree from China Europe International Business School. From 2003 to 2010 he served as vice-chairman of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and chairman of the Shanghai General Trade Union. In 2011 he became vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
On 17 October 2014, Chen Hao was appointed acting Governor of Yunnan province, succeeding Li Jiheng. He was confirmed as governor in January 2015. In August 2016, Chen was appointed the CCP committee secretary of Yunnan by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
In December 2020, Chen was appointed as the Deputy Chairperson of the National People's Congress Ethnic Affairs Committee.
# Eliza Turck

Eliza Turck (1832–1891), was an English portrait (including miniatures), genre, bird and landscape painter, illustrator and writer.

## Life and work

Turck was born in Islington in London, where she showed an early aptitude for art and received lessons from her mother, Anne Louisa Tielkens (b. 1800 London), who was a talented amateur artist. Her father was Herman Jochim Christian Turck, a banker (b. 1792 Bailiwick of Guernsey). Eliza was educated initially in Germany and on her return to England, in 1848, studied for 6 months at Cary's School of Art in London. Afterwards, she took lessons in oil painting from William Gale, and, in 1852, entered the figure class of the Female School of Art in Gower Street for a further year. She studied for 14 months, from 1859 to 1860, at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, Belgium, and was given some instruction by Nicaise de Keyser, the director.
Turck exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1854, and also at the British Institution, Suffolk Street and elsewhere. Her work included genre paintings, literary subjects, coastal scenes, architecture, birds and miniatures, painted in oil or watercolour. Her works at the Royal Academy included ‘Rus in Urbe’, 1858, ‘Lady Dorothy in Breton Costume’, 1880 and ‘In St. Mark's, Venice’, 1885. Her Royal Academy picture of 1856 ‘Cinderella’ was one of forty pictures selected by John Ruskin for criticism in his Academy Notes: “Very pretty, and well studied, but Cinderella does not look the lady of the fairy tale. I am rather puzzled myself to know how her relationship to her remarkable godmother could best be indicated so as to leave her still a quite real little lady in a real kitchen. But I am glad to see this sternly realistic treatment, at all events’.
She exhibited at the International Exhibition in 1871, and her watercolours of Brittany were shown at Rogers Gallery, Maddox Street in 1879. About these The Art Journal wrote: ‘Her colouring is close to nature and full of tender greys, especially in the sky, while her touch is broad, free and Cox-like.’
She provided many illustrations for the 1883 edition of W. Swaysland's 4-volume "Familiar Wild birds" She also wrote "A practical handbook to marqueterie wood-staining and kindred arts" (pub. L. Upcott Gill, 1899).