# Legend of Destruction

Legend of Destruction (Hebrew: אגדת חורבן, romanized: Agadat Khurban) is a 2021 animated historical drama film, directed by director Gidi Dar, who wrote the screenplay in collaboration with Shuli Rand. It is an interpretation of Talmudic stories of the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple.
In 2023, a new English version was finalized, after it was recorded in the US, with voice acting by Oscar Isaac, Elliott Gould, Evangeline Lilly, Billy Zane and Marilu Henner, amongst others.
June 4th, 2024, is the date of the world premiere of the film at the Israel Film Center Festival in Manhattan, New York City.
The plot is a historical epic, described through the perspective of six historical figures in Roman-controlled Judaea during the late Second Temple period, and is based on historical sources such as the Talmud and Josephus' The Jewish War, which tells the story of the Great Jewish Revolt against the Roman Empire. At the same time, Jewish society was torn apart by a bloody civil war that culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple.
The Hebrew version of the film was released on 15 July 2021 in Israeli cinemas. It received 7 nominations for the Ophir Awards, and 4 wins for best editing, art direction, music and sound. The film was aired on Kan 11 on February 20, 2022.
Actors Shuli Rand, Ze'ev Revach, Amos Tamam, Moni Moshonov, Yael Abukasis and Yigal Naor voice the lead roles in the Hebrew.

## Plot

AD 66, Jerusalem. The Romans ruled Judaea with an iron fist and the sophistication worthy of the empire. They like the rich strata of society and corrupt them as a result. Even the high priests responsible for administering the Temple and its works are tainted with deep corruption. In contrast, the impoverishment and oppression of the Jewish masses incites many young people to join secret groups of religious zealots, becoming freedom fighters in the name of God. They not only despise the Roman conquerors, but also the wealthy Jews who cooperate with them in oppressing their own people. As tension builds underground, a small spark triggers a rebellion.
Ben Batich is a young Jew living in Jerusalem who feels the tax burden in the city and the Roman rule makes life unbearable. His uncle Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai preaches for moderation, but the nephew rebels and becomes the leader of the fanatical Sicarii.
At the start of the revolt, Ben Batich collaborates with the warrior Shimon Bar Giora but their paths later diverge. After the fall of the Galilee to the Romans from the north, John of Gischala arrives in Jerusalem to offer help. The rebels open the gates to him, but instead of uniting, the factions fight while the priests under Joshua ben Gamla slaughter and sacrifice sheep.
At the same time, the Jewish queen Berenice of Cilicia travels to the Galilee to seduce the Roman commander Titus, in hopes of saving Jerusalem.
As the Roman war machine approaches Judea to quell the revolt, Jerusalem is torn apart by bloody civil unrest: poor zealots slaughter the aristocracy non-stop and a zealous terrorist regime rules the city. Heavy street fights are waged by rival fanatical gangs, and one battle ends with the burning of food silos in Jerusalem. A terrible famine breaks out. Gangs roam the city robbing the hungry residents of their last loaves of bread. Life in Jerusalem is a total hell.
Only after the Romans surround the city, the Jewish fanatics finally unite against their common enemy. Their seemingly impossible situation transcends them to a deep spiritual state in which they lose all fear of death. They attack the Romans with daring suicide attacks. For a moment the Jews appear to gain the upper hand, but the Romans soon recover, break down the city’s walls, slaughter thousands and destroy the Temple.

## Voice cast of English version

* Oscar Isaac - Ben Batich
* Elliott Gould - Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai
* Evangeline Lilly - Queen Berenice
* Billy Zane - Simon bar Giora
* Marilu Henner - Mother of Ben Batich and sister of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai

## Voice cast of Hebrew version

* Shuli Rand - Ben Batich
* Ze'ev Revach - The High Priest Joshua ben Gamla
* Moni Moshonov - Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai
* Amos Tamam - Simon bar Giora
* Yigal Naor - John of Gischala
* Yael Abukasis - Queen Berenice
* Rita Shukron - Mother of Ben Batich and sister of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai
* Uria Khaik - General Titus (future Roman emperor)

## Production

The Hebrew version of the film was produced by Lama Films and Eddie King Films, with the assistance of the Yehoshua Rabinovich Foundation for the Arts – Cinema Project; Yaki Donitz Productions; The Jerusalem Film and Television Project; Gesher Multicultural Film Fund; Avi Chai; the Maimonides Fund; Channels HOT8 and Kan 11 under the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation; Israel Lottery Council for Culture & Arts; and the Cultural Administration and the Israeli Film Council belonging to the Israeli Ministry of Culture and Sport. The English version was produced by LOD Productions.

### The drawing process

The film is not produced using traditional animation techniques, but by editing about 1,500 still paintings illustrated by David Polonsky and Michael Faust.
About eight years were spent developing and producing the film, including three and a half years of concept development, initial sketches and storyboarding, followed by four and a half years of producing the illustrations. Polonsky and Faust reviewed books, visited the Temple Institute in Jerusalem, and used the model of Jerusalem from the Israel Museum to accurately depict Jewish life during this period.
The paintings ranged in style from a detailed realism reminiscent of Neoclassicism to a more free-form expressionist aesthetic. Some of the illustrations were influences by famous 20th century paintings, some were inspired by well-known people from real life, while others were based on photos that the artists posed for themselves.

## Reception

The film received rave reviews. For example, Gili Izikowitz wrote "Director Gidi Der took the most threatening Jewish myth that exists, that of the destruction of the house due to a fratricidal war, and at a particularly poignant time turned it into a beautiful and unusual cinematic epic . "
Critics argued that the film was also relevant to the period in which it was released, emphasizing the pragmatic approach and the problematic nature of the influx of extremist ideologies, which was reflected in the riots that took place in Israel during the Wall Guard operation in the Gaza Strip and in protest against the legal reform during the 37th Israeli government .
Moshe Ret claimed that in the film the Jews are presented as ugly and repulsive to look at, and they are presented (according to Josephus) as a bloodthirsty mob. He also wrote that the character of God in the film is indifferent to the fate of the people and that the feeling that emerges from the film is gratitude to the Romans who saved us from the hands of the Jews.
Rabbi Yaakov Madan claimed that the character of Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakhai is presented in the film in an inadequate way, as a man who, under the pressure of circumstances, chooses to bury his head in the sand, loose and lacking in real influence. Rabbi Yohanan is also presented as someone who was satisfied with the statement "the Torah protects and protects" and therefore there is no need to fight, while Ben Zakhai amended regulations and was active even before the destruction.
Nir Guntz claimed that the film is an atheist manifesto as it shows that religious belief destroyed Jerusalem. Rabbi Michael Avraham learned from this that everyone chooses to interpret the film according to their own positions. Dafna Avraham claimed that the impression from the film was that the destruction was a good solution to the situation: the people got rid of the corrupt government and the Torah continued in Yavneh . In response, Michael Avraham said that it was indeed a good solution and that is why there was destruction. Avraham Stav wrote similar things.

### Credibility

Michael Ben Ari claimed that the director presents a certain narrative that is influenced by the books of Yosef ben Matthew (whose character is not mentioned at all in the film), which is not considered to have an objective opinion and does not reflect the historical truth due to his betrayal of the Jewish people.
The character of Ben Tich appears only in the Legends of the Holocaust and not in the book " The War of the Jews ". Also, the story of Rivaz's meeting with Vespasian appears in the film with changes. The rest of the details are taken from "The War of the Jews" with a foster freedom.