OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coffey v. State Educational Finance Commission

Coffey v. State Educational Finance Commission (1969) was a federal case that addressed state support of segregation academies in Mississippi. More broadly, it established the standards the Internal Revenue Service would use to determine the tax-exempt status of private schools based on their segregation policies.

## History

The state of Mississippi had supported the establishment of private schools in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education ruling by the US Supreme Court to integrate public schools, by provision of tuition grants to schools that had all-white enrollments. Mississippi negro school children and their parents challenged the state policy in this case. The United States joined as an intervenor, citing violations of §902 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

## Arguments

Joe Patterson represented Mississippi, arguing before Judges John Golbold, William Cox, and Dan Russell. The gist of the argument in favor of the grants was that they represented "freedom of choice."
During the course of the trial, administrators of twenty-five schools were deposed. Twenty-four were segregation academies, recently founded to avoid court-ordered integration. One, Saints Academy in Lexington, Mississippi, was an all-black private school founded in 1918 when public schools were segregated.
The plaintiffs argued successfully that parents were free to choose the school for their children, but that the state should not engage in policy that "will significantly encourage and involve the State in private discriminations."

## Criteria

The court in its judgement included the following criteria to identify a segregation academy:
* "The private school began operation the same year public schools in county were desegregated."
* "No Negro pupils enrolled in the private school."
* "No Negro pupils would be admitted to the private school."

## Aftermath

Coffey was aimed specifically at Mississippi. In 1976, the Supreme Court decided Runyon v. McCrary, which declared that segregated private schools nationwide were illegal.
Parents of Mississippi black children subsequently filed suit to revoke federal tax-exemption status for non-profit segregation academies. The case went to the Supreme Court as Coit v. Green (1971), which found against segregation academies. Concurrently, in July 1970, the Internal Revenue Service announced it could "no longer legally justify allowing tax-exempt status to private schools which practice racial discrimination."
# Hanım (film)

Hanım is a 1989 Turkish drama film directed and co-written by Halit Refiğ. Yıldız Kenter stars as an elderly widow, who has recently been diagnosed with terminal cancer, trying to find someone to take care of her cat Hanım. It premiered at the 26th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, where it was selected as the second runner-up of Best Film award and Refiğ won the Best Director award, and was theatrically released in Turkey on January 5, 1990.

## Synopsis

Mrs. Olcay, an elderly piano teacher residing in an ancient mansion, faces loneliness in a rapidly changing Istanbul. Her husband, a naval officer, died years ago, and her daughter remains distant. Her only companions are veteran steamboat captain Necip, her young student Canan, and her cat, Hanım. When Mrs. Olcay learns that she has uterine cancer, the fear of imminent death grips her. Yet, her greatest concern lies in Hanım's fate after her death. As she seeks a new owner for her beloved cat, she witnesses the apathy of those around her.

## Cast

* Yıldız Kenter as Olcay
* Eşref Kolçak as Necip
* Fatoş Sezer as Ülkü
* Faruk Dilaver as Kemal
* Cem Özer as Ender
* Orhan Çağman as Poyraz
* Ani İpekkaya as Siranuş
* Pamira Bezmen as Canan
* Ekrem Dümer as Dr. Suavi
* Müge Ergun as İnci
* Ferdi Atuner as Agah
* Çağrı Nakipoğlu as Selçuk
# Cashmere Nicole

Cashmere Nicole Carillo known professionally as Cashmere Nicole, is an American entrepreneur and founder of the beauty brand, Beauty Bakerie. She focuses on making a vegan, cruelty-free beauty brand catering to women of color.

## Career

In 2011, Carillo officially launched her company Beauty Bakerie. She is also a certified nurse.

## Personal life

Carillo was raised in South Bend, Indiana. She became pregnant with her daughter, Jasmyn, at the age of 16, and became a nurse after graduating from college. In 2012, Nicole was diagnosed with breast cancer. As a result, she states that this influenced her decision to focus on creating cruelty-free, nontoxic beauty products. She underwent a double mastectomy in 2014.
# Your Body's Callin'

"Your Body's Callin'" is a song by American singer and songwriter R. Kelly, released in April 1994 by Jive as the third single from his debut album, 12 Play (1993). The song, both written and produced by Kelly, peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top 40 in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Kelly also released a remix as a B-side to the single featuring Aaliyah called the "Your Body's Calling His N Hers Mix". Millicent Shelton directed the song's music video.

## Critical reception

Michael Bonner from Melody Maker commented, "I guess, deep down, I'm an old softie at heart — and, whenever I hear soul like this that's as smooth as a Galaxy chocolate bar, I can't help reaching for my Barry White chest wig. There's a gentle, inoffensive bass, husky backing vocals, sleek production, and R Kelly's voice: soft, insistent, persuasive. Cos he knows, you know. He knows your body's calling. Oh, yes he does." Andy Beevers from Music Week gave the song four out of five and named it Pick of the Week in the category of Dance, writing, "Having narrowly missed out on a mainstream Top 40 placing with his last single, "Bump'n'Grind", R Kelly looks set to be more successful with this smooth and mellow soul ballad. Not only is it a stronger song, but it will be helped by the US singer's recent UK tour, which included a four-night stint at the Apollo Hammersmith." James Hamilton from the RM Dance Update deemed it a "sexy tortuous 67bpm slow jam".

## Music video

The accompanying music video for "Your Body's Callin'" was directed by American music video, television and film director Millicent Shelton. The video, set to appear that it was filmed in the summer, was filmed in the winter.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United States | April 1994 | 12-inch vinylCDcassette | Jive | |
| United Kingdom | May 2, 1994 | 7-inch vinyl12-inch vinylCDcassette | Jive | |

## Samplings and covers

* Hip hop producer DJ Premier sampled Kelly singing "It's unbelievable" for the Notorious B.I.G.'s song "Unbelievable" on his album Ready to Die released later in 1994.
* The song has been interpolated the line by Ron Isley's longtime collaborator Kelly by the Isley Brothers on the song "Warm Summer Nights", with background vocals by Angela Winbush towards the end of the track from the album Eternal, released in 2001.
* The song has also been sampled by Whodini on the song "Be My Lady" also featuring Kelly, from their album Six.
* Norman Brown covered the song in 1996 in his album Better Days Ahead.
# Nahar Singh (disambiguation)

Nahar Singh (died 1858) was the Raja of the princely state of Ballabhgarh in India.
Nahar Singh may also refer to:
* Nahar Singh of Bharatpur (1672–1697), ruler of Bharatpur state
* Nahar Singh of Shahpura (1855–1932), ruler of Shahpura state
* Nahar Singh of Sikar (died 1756), Rao of Sikar
# Charles Ward Engineering Works

The Charles Ward Engineering Works, Charleston, W. Va. was an iron and steel fabricator and shipyard founded by Charles Ward in 1872. They produced shallow draught boats at a plant on the south bank of the Kanawha River. It remained in operation until 1931 headed by the founder’s son Charles E. Ward.
Ward designed and built many steam and diesel powered vessels, both paddlewheel and propeller driven. Customers include the Army, Navy and Coast Guard.
Ward manufactured water-tube boilers in many sizes. The firm also pioneered the development of the tunnel stern propeller driven towboats and were among the first companies to install diesel power in river towboats.

## Notable vessels built by Charles Ward Engineering Works

* P.A. Denny stern wheel towboat 1930
* USAT General Frank M. Coxe US Army harbor ferry 1922
* USAT General John McE. Hyde US Army harbor ferry 1921
* USCGC Greenbrier Coast Guard river tender 1924
# Myanmar national baseball team

The Myanmar national baseball team is the national baseball team of Myanmar. The team represents Myanmar in international competitions.

## Placings

Southeast Asian Games
* 2005 : 4th
* 2007 : 4th
* This article about a baseball team in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to sport in Myanmar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Miyu Pampa

Miyu Pampa or Miyupampa (Quechua miyu poison, pampa a large plain, "poison plain", Hispanicized spellings Miopampa, Miu Pampa) is an archaeological site in Peru. It lies in the Huánuco Region, Huamalíes Province, Jircan District. It is situated at a height of about 3,434 metres (11,266 ft) about 500 m northeast of Jircan.
# Popigai impact structure

The Popigai impact structure is the eroded remnant of an impact crater in northern Siberia, Russia. It is tied with the Manicouagan structure as the fourth largest verified impact structure on Earth. A large bolide impact created the 100-kilometre-diameter (62 mi) crater approximately 35 million years ago during the late Eocene epoch (Priabonian stage). It might be linked to the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event.
The structure is 300 km (190 mi) east from the outpost of Khatanga and 880 km (550 mi) northeast of the city of Norilsk, NNE of the Anabar Plateau. It is designated by UNESCO as a Geopark, a site of special geological heritage. There is a small possibility that the Popigai impact crater may have formed simultaneously with the approximately 35-million-year-old Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impact craters.
For decades, the Popigai impact structure has fascinated paleontologists and geologists, but the entire area was completely off limits because of the diamonds found there. However, a major investigatory expedition was undertaken in 1997, which greatly advanced understanding of the structure. The impactor is suggested to have been a H chondrite asteroid based on ejecta layers from Italy, with the impactor thought to have been several kilometeres in diameter.
The shock pressures from the impact instantaneously transformed graphite in the ground into diamonds within a 13.6 km (8.5 mi) radius of the impact point. These diamonds are usually 0.5 to 2 mm (0.020 to 0.079 in) in diameter, though a few exceptional specimens are 10 mm (0.39 in) in size. The diamonds inherited the tabular shape of the original graphite grains and also the original crystals' delicate striations.

## Diamond deposits

Most modern industrial diamonds are produced synthetically. The diamond deposits at Popigai have not been mined because of the remote location and lack of infrastructure, and are unlikely to be competitive with synthetic diamonds. Many of the diamonds at Popigai contain crystalline lonsdaleite, an allotrope of carbon that has a hexagonal lattice. Pure, laboratory-created lonsdaleite is up to 58% harder than ordinary diamonds. These types of diamonds are known as "impact diamonds" because they are thought to be produced when a meteorite strikes a graphite deposit at high velocity. They may have industrial uses but are unsuitable as gems.
Additionally, carbon polymorphs, a combination of diamond and lonsdaleite even harder than pure lonsdaleite, have been discovered in the crater.
# Canjáyar

Canjáyar is an agricultural town in Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It is situated along the river Andarax in the Alpujarra region of Almería 47 kilometers from the provincial capital, Almería. The mild climate in Canjáyar makes it a year-round tourist destination. Canjáyar is found at the foot of Sierra Nevada, looking over into the Sierra de Gádor. Surrounded by orchards, which are themselves served by a system of hundred year old aqueducts.
The town has held a yearly Holy Cross festival on April 19 since 1601.

## Symbols

Both the town flag and the coat of arms depict a golden sheaf of wheat on an azure background.

## Climate

Canjáyar has a Mediterranean climate with a continental influence. Annual rainfall rarely exceeds 300 mm. Summers are hot and dry, with highs that can reach 40 °C, and even 45 °C on rare occasions. Winters are cool, with temperatures typically range between 0 °C and 15 °C. Frosts are rare in the town, but are more common in the surrounding mountains.

## History
### Prehistory and Ancient

Bronze Age remains have been found in nearby Nieles Cave. There is also evidence of Roman era agriculture.

### Medieval and Modern

The first mention of this town was from the Arab geographer, Al-Idrisi. The 10th century Qansayar mentioned that it had a defensive fortification. Later, in the 14th and 15th centuries, Canjáyar enjoyed a prosperous economy benefiting from its access to water. Agriculture and herding remained the foundation of the town's economy until the advent of lead mining in the late 18th century. The town went through an economic boom in 1835 with the introduction of the table grape and the development of irrigation projects that increased the amount of arable land. At the turn of the 20th century the population had grown to about 3000, around twice the present number. Contemporary agricultural crops are more diverse, and include grains, olives, and fruit.
# Vasko Gjurchinovski

Vasko Gjurčinovski (Macedonian: Васко Ѓурчиновски; born June 11, 1970) is a general officer of the Army of North Macedonia and the 11th and current chief of defence.
Born in Tetovo, he obtained secondary and higher education in the Yugoslav military schools and academies in Sarajevo and Belgrade. He graduated in 1991, during the breakup of Yugoslavia. After serving briefly in the JNA in Zagreb, in 1992 he continued his service in the newly formed Army of the Republic of Macedonia. He was part of the first special operations unit of the Army. From 2008 to 2009 he participated in UNIFIL as a staff officer at the Joint Operations Center in Naqoura. From 2011 to 2013, he was the adjutant of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, the President of the Republic, Gjorge Ivanov. From 2013 to 2015, he was the commander of the Special Operations Regiment, which included the then two army special operations units, the Special Purposes Battalion, nicknamed Wolves, and the Ranger Battalion. From 2015 to 2016, he headed the Army's Joint Operations Command. From 2016 to 2018, he was the military representative of Macedonia to NATO in Brussels. In 2018, he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Army.
# Ceyda Sungur

Ceyda Sungur, also known as Kırmızılı Kadın (English: Woman in Red), is a Turkish academic and activist.

## Life

She was born in 1986. After completing her bachelor's degree in urban planning, she has started to work as a research assistant at the Istanbul Technical University.

### Case of police brutality

In May 2013, she participated in the Gezi Park protests in Istanbul as rioter and volunteer first-aider. During the demonstrations, she was attacked by a police officer named Fatih Zengin. When a photo journalist from the Reuters —Osman Orsal— photographed the moment that Sungur was subject of the police brutality, a huge reaction was sparked both in the Turkish and the international public. Subsequently she became a symbol to the protests. Zengin was sued by prosecutors who pressed for a three-year prison sentence for advertently using disproportionate force against civilians. Sungur pleaded at the court that "if the accused had a weapon, he would have kill me like another police officer who had murdered Ethem Sarısülük". After a year, the trial was concluded and Zengin was sentenced to plant 600 saplings in consequence of that he sprayed tear gas at close range and abused his power. Moreover, another lawsuit that had been filed against Sungur on the charge of "inciting the public to disobey the law" was also dismissed.

## In popular culture
### Books

* Turkish-Italian film director Ferzan Özpetek wrote a book named Red Istanbul ("İstanbul Kırmızısı") inspired by the discourse and image of the "Woman in Red".
* Gürsel Öncü, who had been the current editor of the "Tarih" journal that was closed during the Gezi protests, wrote the book "Yaşarken Yazılan Tarih" and a picture of Ceyda Sungur & the police officer was used as the cover image.

### Magazines

* Brazil-based culture journal "Piauí" featured an illustration describing the "Woman in Red" holding the flag of Brazil as the cover image of the July 2013 issue in response to the public uprisings in Brazil at the same time with the Gezi protests. Also, the "#direngezi" hashtag appeared at the bottom of the cover.
* Turkey-based humour magazine "Penguen" depicted the "Woman in Red" spraying pepper gas towards a police officer as the cover image of the July 2013 issue and released a caption that "The demonstrators attacked the police!". This work was shown among the 'most creative humor magazine covers of 2013'.
# Terry Wells

Terry Wells (born September 10, 1963), is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1990.

## Biography

A native of Kankakee, Illinois, Wells attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and in 1984 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Wells was drafted by the Houston Astros in the 8th round of the 1985 Major League Baseball Draft. He had been drafted twice before (by the Cleveland Indians in 1981 and Chicago White Sox in 1984) but did not sign a contract on either occasion.
Wells was best known for being traded on April 1, 1990, by the Astros to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Franklin Stubbs, who had been a member of the Dodgers 1988 World Series team. The trade took place just days prior to the start of the season.
That year, 1990, was the only season in which Wells appeared. He started 5 games for the Dodgers, compiling a 1–2 won-loss record with a high 7.84 earned run average. He was released at the conclusion of the 1990 season and did not sign with another Major League team.
# ISO 3166-2:CV

ISO 3166-2:CV is the entry for Cabo Verde in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently for Cabo Verde, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:
* two geographical regions (i.e., the Barlavento Islands and the Sotavento Islands)
* 22 municipalities
Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CV, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Cabo Verde. The second part is either of the following:
* one letter: geographical regions
* two letters: municipalities

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).
Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

### Geographical regions

| Code | Subdivision name (pt) |
| CV-B | Ilhas de Barlavento |
| CV-S | Ilhas de Sotavento |

### Municipalities

| Code | Subdivision name (pt) | In geographical region |
| CV-BV | Boa Vista | B |
| CV-BR | Brava | S |
| CV-MA | Maio | S |
| CV-MO | Mosteiros | S |
| CV-PA | Paul | B |
| CV-PN | Porto Novo | B |
| CV-PR | Praia | S |
| CV-RB | Ribeira Brava | B |
| CV-RG | Ribeira Grande | B |
| CV-RS | Ribeira Grande de Santiago | S |
| CV-SL | Sal | B |
| CV-CA | Santa Catarina | S |
| CV-CF | Santa Catarina do Fogo | S |
| CV-CR | Santa Cruz | S |
| CV-SD | São Domingos | S |
| CV-SF | São Filipe | S |
| CV-SO | São Lourenço dos Órgãos | S |
| CV-SM | São Miguel | S |
| CV-SS | São Salvador do Mundo | S |
| CV-SV | São Vicente | B |
| CV-TA | Tarrafal | S |
| CV-TS | Tarrafal de São Nicolau | B |

## Changes

The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:
| Newsletter | Date issued | Description of change in newsletter | Code/Subdivision change |
| Newsletter I-2 | 2002-05-21 | Subdivision layout partially revised: Three new municipalities. New reference for list source | Subdivisions added: CV-CS Calheta de São Miguel CV-MO Mosteiros CV-SF São Filipe |
| Newsletter II-2 | 2010-06-30 | Addition of the country code prefix as the first code element, update of the administrative structure and of the list source | Subdivisions added: CV-RB Ribeira Brava CV-RS Ribeira Grande de Santiago CV-CF Santa Catarina do Fogo CV-SL São Lourenço dos Órgãos CV-SS São Salvador do Mundo CV-TS Tarrafal de São Nicolau Subdivisions deleted: CV-SN São Nicolau Codes: CV-CS Calheta de São Miguel → CV-SM São Miguel |
| Newsletter II-3 | 2011-12-13 (corrected 2011-12-15) | Correction of NL II-2 for toponyms and typographical errors and source list update. | Codes: São Lourenço dos Órgãos CV-SL → CV-SO |