# Leaders of the Russian Civil War

The leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below include the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War. The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922 (though with some conflicts in the Far East lasting until late 1923 and in Central Asia until 1934), was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the Bolsheviks (The "Reds") and the White Movement (The "Whites"). While the Bolsheviks were centralized under the administration of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), led by Vladimir Lenin, along with their various satellite and buffer states, the White Movement was more decentralized, functioning as a loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces united only in opposition to their common enemy - though from September 1918 to April 1920, the White Armies were nominally united under the administration of the Russian State, when, for nearly two years, Admiral Alexander Kolchak served as the overall head of the White Movement and as the internationally recognized Head of State of Russia. In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, and the non-ideological Green Armies.
Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third-party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I (in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War), and their German (in Ober Ost) and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White armies on occasion.

## Bolsheviks
### Russian SFSR

Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets Lev Kamenev Yakov Sverdlov # Mikhail Vladimirsky Mikhail Kalinin
Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin
All-Russian Extraordinary Commission Felix Dzerzhinsky Yakov Peters
Red Army Leon Trotsky (People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs) High Command: Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko Nikolai Podvoisky Pavel Dybenko Nikolai Krylenko Jukums Vācietis Sergey Kamenev Alexander Svechin Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich Nikolay Rattel Navy: Vasili Altfater # Yevgeny Berens Aleksandr Nemits Eduard Pantserzhanskiy Fyodor Raskolnikov Alexey Schastny Air Service: Konstantin Akashev 1st Cavalry Army: Semyon Budyonny Alexander Yegorov Kliment Voroshilov Iosif Apanasenko Grigory Kulik Alexander Parkhomenko † Boris Dumenko Konstantin Trunov † Aleksa Dundić † Semyon Timoshenko Ivan Tyulenev Efim Shchadenko 2nd Cavalry Army: Oka Gorodovikov Filipp Mironov Aleksandr Borczaninow Western Army: Andrei Snesarev Alexander Novikov Vasily Glagolev Nikolai Sollogub Alexander Kuk Yevgeny Shilovskiy Latvian Riflemen: Pēteris Stučka Frīdrihs Kalniņš Jānis Lācis Reinholds Bērziņš Antons Martusēvičs Kirill Stutzka Gustavs Mangulis Eduard Berzin Jānis Judiņš † Red Cossacks: Vitaly Primakov Eastern Front: Mikhail Muravyov † Mikhail Tukhachevsky Alexander Samoylo Vladimir Olderogge Rudolf Sivers † Sergey Lazo Yakov Tryapitsyn Pavel Lebedev Hayk Bzhishkyan Vasily Chapayev † Ivan Kutyakov Yakov Korotayev Sergei Mezheninov Yan Gamarnik Ivar Smilga Ivan Smirnov Sergey Gusev Filipp Goloshchekin Mikhail Alafuso Ivan Strod Pavel Khokhryakov † Mullanur Waxitov Southern Front: Joseph Stalin Mikhail Levandovsky Vladimir Yegoryev Vladimir Gittis Vladimir Azin Pavel Sytin Pēteris Slavens # Vladimir Selivachyov # Semyon Pugachov Fyodor Podtelkov Iona Yakir Ivan Fedko Dmitry Zhloba Nikolay Kuibyshev Mikhail Lashevich Béla Kun Caucasus Front: Sergo Ordzhonikidze Stepan Shaumian Grigory Korganov Ivan Sorokin Alexei Avtonomov # Anatoliy Gekker Valentin Trifonov Mikhail Velikanov Filipp Makharadze Sergei Kirov Nariman Narimanov Northern Front: Dmitry Nadyozhny August Kork Dmitri Parsky # Semyon Nakhimson † Yuri Guzarsky Ukrainian Front: Nikolay Shchors † Ivan Dubovoy Stanislav Kosior Grigory Kotovsky Nikolai Krivoruchko Anton Słucki Boris Shaposhnikov Central Asian Front: Mikhail Frunze Grigori Sokolnikov Vasily Shorin Pyotr Kobozev Ivan Belov Alibi Dzhangildin Amankeldı İmanov Fyodor Kolesov Shalva Eliava Fayzulla Khodzhayev

### Far Eastern Republic

Alexander Krasnoshchyokov Nikolay Matveyev Genrich Eiche Vasily Blyukher Konstantin Avksentevsky Ieronim Uborevich Stepan Vostretsov Yakiv Pokus

### Ukrainian SSR

Yukhym Medvedev Volodymyr Zatonsky Grigory Petrovsky Georgy Pyatakov Serafima Hopner Emanuel Kviring Yevgenia Bosch Mykola Skrypnyk Christian Rakovsky Vasyl Shakhrai Yuriy Kotsiubynsky Fyodor Sergeyev †

### Byelorussian SSR

Vilhelm Knorin Alexander Chervyakov

### Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic

Kullervo Manner Yrjö Sirola Ali Aaltonen Eero Haapalainen Evert Eloranta Adolf Taimi Eino Rahja August Wesley Mikhail Svechnikov Georgy Bulatsel

### Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

Damdin Sükhbaatar Soliin Danzan Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj Dambyn Chagdarjav Dogsomyn Bodoo Khorloogiin Choibalsan Dansranbilegiin Dogsom Darizavyn Losol Rinchingiin Elbegdorj

## White Movement
### Russian Republic

Alexander Kerensky Viktor Chernov Nikolai Avksentiev Aleksandr Verkhovsky

### Russian State

Alexander Kolchak (Supreme Ruler of Russia) Pyotr Vologodsky Viktor Pepelyayev Mikhail Smirnov Vasily Boldyrev Northwestern Army: Nikolai Yudenich (Commander-in-Chief) Anton Dzerozhinsky Alexander Rodzyanko Peter von Glasenapp Alexei Vandam Fyodor Keller Anatol von Lieven Pavel Bermondt-Avalov Aleksandr Dolgorukov Northern Army: Yevgeny Miller (Commander-in-Chief) Vladimir Marushevsky Mikhail Kvetsinsky Nikolai Tchaikovsky Arctic Ocean Flotilla: Leonid Ivanov Boris Vilkitsky Armed Forces of South Russia: Anton Denikin (Commander-in-Chief) Vladimir May-Mayevsky # Nikołaj Timanowski # Ivan Romanovsky † Alexander Lukomsky Dmitry Shcherbachev Mikhail Drozdovsky † Nikolai Tretyakov † Ignatiy Vasilchenko † Viktor Betling # Mikhail Rodzianko Nikołaj Bredow Abram Dragomirov Vladimir Dragomirov Vasily Flug Konstantin Prisovskiy Alexander Golubintzev Yakov Yuzefovich Pavel Chatilov Viktor Pokrovsky Black Sea Flotilla: Vasily Kanin Mikhail Sablin # Dmitry Nenyukov Andrei Pokrovsky Nikolay Maksimov Turkestan Army: Ippolit Savitsky Boris Kazanovich Konstantin Osipov † Konstantin Monstrov Army of Wrangel: Pyotr Wrangel (Commander-in-Chief) Alexander Krivoshein Vladimir Vitkovsky Alexander Kutepov Petr Makhrov Ivan Barbovich Alexander Borovsky Mikhail Fostikov Nikolai Shilling Wrangel's Fleet: Mikhail Kedrov People's Army of Komuch: Vladimir Kappel # Andrei Bakich Konstantin Nechaev Sergey Lyupov Siberian Army: Aleksey Grishin-Almazov † Pavel Ivanov-Rinov Alexey Matkovsky Vladimir Gulidov Boris Annenkov Konstantin Sakharov Mikhail Pleshkov Ural Army: Matvey Martynov † Vladimir Akutin Nikolay Saveliev Vladimir Tolstov Orenburg Independent Army: Alexander Dutov † Ivan Akulinin Amur Front: Ivan Kalmykov † Women's Battalion: Maria Bochkareva Siberian Flotilla: Sergey Timirev Mikhail Berens Georgy Stark

### Volunteer Army

Lavr Kornilov † (Commander-in-Chief) Mikhail Alekseyev # Sergey Markov † Dmitri Miontxinski † Mitrofan Nejentsev † Vasily Simanovsky †

### Don Army District

Alexey Kaledin † Anatoly Nazarov Vasily Tchernetzov †

### Don Republic

Pyotr Krasnov Afrikan Bogaevsky Great Don Army: Svyatoslav Denisov Vladimir Sidorin Pyotr Popov Ivan Popov † Konstantin Mamontov # Alexander Fitzchelaurov Fyodor Kryukov # Emmanuel Semiletov # Georgiy Kargalskov Aleksandr Moller Mikhail Bazavov Mikhail Khripunov Isaak Bykadorov Konstantin Sychev

### Kuban People's Republic

Alexander Filimonov Nikolay Bukretov Kuban Army: Andrei Shkuro Yakov Slashchov Sergei Ulagay

### Far Eastern Army

Grigory Semyonov (Commander-in-Chief) Sergey Rozanov Boris Khreschatitsky Nikolai Lokhvitsky Grigory Verzhbitsky Konstantin Akintievsky Dmitry Semyonov Anatoly Pepelyayev Lev Vlasyevskiy Mikhail Pleshkov Georgy Matsievsky Mikhail Korobeinikov Asiatic Cavalry Division: Roman von Ungern-Sternberg Boris Rezukhin †

### Provisional Priamurye Government

Mikhail Diterikhs - (Commander-in-Chief) Nikolai Merkulov [ru] - Foreign Minister Spiridon Merkulov - Chairman Viktorin Molchanov - Army General Innokenty Smolin Faddey Glebov Pyotr Blokhin

### Czechoslovak Legion

Sergei Wojciechowski Radola Gajda Jan Syrový Stanislav Čeček Vladimir Shokorov

### Alash Autonomy

Alikhan Bukeikhanov

### Turkestan Autonomy

Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev Mustafa Shokay

## Third party factions
### Insurgent Army

Nestor Makhno Semen Karetnyk Fedir Shchus † Dmitry Popov Maria Nikiforova Viktor Bilash Lev Zadov Ivan Markov Iuda Grossman Oleksiy Chubenko

### Green Army

Nykyfor Hryhoriv † Danylo Terpylo † Pjotr Tokmakov † Alexander Antonov † Dmitry Antonov † Ivan Kolesov † Efim Mamontov † Mikhail Kozyr Konstantin Voskoboinik

### Socialist-Revolutionary Party

Vladimir Volsky Nikolai Avksentiev Viktor Chernov Fyodor Funtikov Vladimir Zenzinov Andrei Argunov Piotr Derber Yevgeny Rogovskiy Boris Savinkov Boris Donskoy Nicholas Kalashnikoff Radola Gajda

### Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party

Maria Spiridonova Yakov Blumkin Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson # Dmitry Ivanovich Popov Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov † Prosh Proshian #

### Kronstadt Uprising

Stepan Petrichenko Alexander Kozlovsky Pavel Vilken

## Independence movements
### Polish Republic

Józef Piłsudski Ignacy Jan Paderewski Polish Army: Edward Rydz-Śmigły Lucjan Żeligowski Leonard Skierski Władysław Sikorski Jordan-Rozwadowski Franciszek Latinik Bolesław Roja Blue Army: Józef Haller

### Finland

C.G.E. Mannerheim Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Karl Fredrik Wilkama Hannes Ignatius Ernst Linder Ernst Löfström Martin Wetzer Hjalmar Frisell Hans Kalm

### Latvia

Jānis Čakste Kārlis Ulmanis Oskars Kalpaks † Jānis Balodis

### Estonia

Konstantin Päts Andres Larka Johan Laidoner Ernst Põdder

### Lithuania

Antanas Smetona Aleksandras Stulginskis Silvestras Žukauskas

### Belarusian People's Republic

Jan Sierada Pyotra Krecheuski Jazep Losik Vaclau Lastouski Kyprian Kandratovich Kastuś Jezavitaŭ Anton Luckievich Alés Harun # Francišak Kušal Paval Zhauryd Bułak-Bałachowicz

### Crimean People's Republic

Noman Çelebicihan Cafer Qırımer

### Democratic Republic of Georgia

Noe Ramishvili Noe Zhordania Giorgi Kvinitadze Nikolay Chkheidze Giorgi Mazniashvili

### Democratic Republic of Armenia

Aram Manukian # Hovhannes Kajaznuni Alexander Khatisian Hamo Ohanjanyan Simon Vratsian Tovmas Nazarbekian Andranik Ozanian Garegin Nzhdeh Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan

### Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan

Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh Fatali Khan Khoyski † Nasib Yusifbeyli † Mammad Hasan Hajinski Khosrow Sultanov Samad Mehmandarov Aliagha Shikhlinski

### Qajar Iran

Mohammad Taqi Pessian Mirza Kuchik Khan † Sattar Khan Baqir Khan

### Ukrainian People's Republic

Central Council of Ukraine: Mykhailo Hrushevsky Directorate of Ukraine: Volodymyr Vynnychenko Symon Petliura Ukrainian Army: Mykola Porsh Ivan Nemolovsky Oleksandr Zhukovsky Petro Bolbochan Zurab Natiev Oleksander Hrekov Vsevolod Petriv Yevhen Konovalets Mykola Yunakiv Volodymyr Salsky Oleksandr Udovychenko Mykola Kapustiansky Sergei Delwig Iwan Omelianowicz-Pawlenko Yuriy Tyutyunnyk Vasyl Tyutyunnyk # Galician Army: Myron Tarnavsky Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko Osip Mikitka Dmytro Vitovsky † Antin Kraws Archduke Wilhelm Ukrainian Navy: Sviatoslav Shramchenko Wołodymyr Sawczenko-Bilski Mikhail Belinsky † Far Eastern Ukrainian Army: Yuri Hlushko-Mova

### Ukrainian State

Pavlo Skoropadskyi Alexander Ragoza

### Emirate of Bukhara

Mohammed Alim Khan

### Khanate of Khiva

Isfandiyar Khan Sayid Abdullah Junaid Khan

### Basmachi Movement

Enver Pasha † Selim Pasha Ibrahim Bek Muhiddinbek Mandamin Bek Irgash Bey Faizal Maksum

### Mongolia

Bogd Khan

## Allied Expeditionary Forces
### United States

William S. Graves George E. Stewart Robert L. Eichelberger

### British Empire

Edmund Ironside Alfred Knox Frederick Poole Wilfrid Malleson Frederick Bailey Lionel Dunsterville James H. Elmsley

### France

Maurice Janin Louis d'Espèrey Henri Berthelot Philippe d'Anselme

### Empire of Japan

Otani Kikuzo Yui Mitsue

### Greece

Konstantinos Nider

### Romania

Ernest Broșteanu

## Central Powers intervention
### German Empire

Paul von Hindenburg Erich Ludendorff Max Hoffmann Rüdiger von der Goltz Hermann von Eichhorn † Robert Kosch Friedrich von Kressenstein Alfred Fletcher Josef Bischoff Walter von Eberhardt

### Austria-Hungary

Conrad von Hötzendorf A. A. von Straußenburg

### Ottoman Empire

Nuri Pasha Mürsel Bey Kâzım Karabekir Cevat Çobanlı Muzaffer Kılıç