# Janakpur

Janakpurdham or Janakpur (Maithili: जनकपुर), is the capital city of Madhesh Province. This sub-metropolitan city is a central hub for the Maithili language, as well as for religious and cultural tourism in Nepal.
The city was founded in the early 18th century but was designated as the location of the capital of the Videha kingdom, although there is no archaeological evidence to support this.
Janakpur is located about 225 km (140 mi) southeast of Kathmandu. As of 2021, the city had a population of 195,438, with a density of 2,125/km$^2$. Janakpur is currently the fourth most densely populated city in Nepal. Janakpur is located about 23 km from the Bhitthamore border with India. Nepal Railways operates a service between Janakpur and Jainagar in India.

## Etymology

Janakpurdham, popularly known as Janakpur is named after the ancient King of the Videha kingdom in the Mithila region - Janaka. The rulers of the Videha kingdom were accorded the title Janaka, meaning 'father' in Sanskrit, and this character is the best-known bearer of the same.

## History

Accounts from ascetics, pandits, and bards suggest that Janakpur was founded in the early 18th century. The earliest description of Janakpur as a pilgrimage site dates back to 1805. Earlier archaeological evidence of an ancient city's presence has not been found, and there is a lack of evidence to associate the modern-day city of Janakpur with the ancient capital of the Videha kingdom.
Until the 1950s, Janakpur was a cluster of rural hamlets inhabited by farmers, artisans, priests, and clerks who worked for the monasteries that controlled the land. After the Independence Act in India, Janakpur expanded into a commercial center and became the capital of Dhanusa District in the 1960s.
Gautama Buddha and Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th and final Tirthankara of the Jain religion, are said to have lived in Janakpur. The region was an important center in the history of Mithila during the first millennium. Following the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 between the Nepali rulers and the British East India Company, the northern part of ancient Mithila state, including Janakpur, became part of Nepal, while the southern part became part of India.

## Demographics

As of June 2011, the Janakpur municipality had 19,195 households and a population of 98,446 people with a density of 4,000 people per square kilometer. In 2015, it was declared a sub-metropolitan city that incorporates 11 surrounding villages. The current population is 173,924 people, making it the sixth largest city in Nepal.
Maithili is widely spoken in the area as the first language and is also used as the lingua franca. Nepali, Hindi, Marwari, and English are well understood. Languages like Bhojpuri and Awadhi are understood but less frequently used.
More than 90 percent of the total population is Hindu, with the rest being Muslims and Buddhists.

## Economy

Janakpur is one of the fastest-developing cities in Nepal and is the largest sub-metropolitan city in the country. The city has good healthcare facilities, several parks, private schools, colleges, and internet service providers. There are medical, engineering, and management colleges that are affiliated with Tribhuvan University. The economy is mostly based on tourism, agriculture, and local industries.
The paintings on pottery, walls, and courtyards created by Maithili women are known as Mithila art.
Janakpur attracts migrants from the surrounding areas, who move to the city for medical care, education, and jobs. The largest employers were the Janakpur Cigarette Factory Limited and Janakpur Railway until they closed in 2013 due to political corruption and heavy debts. By the end of 2018, services was resumed. The Zonal Hospital, Zonal Police, and the banking sector help the locals maintain a relatively comfortable lifestyle.
Several banks operate in Janakpur, offering a range of financial services. These include Nepal Bank Limited, Rastriya Banijya Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, Nabil Bank, NIC Asia Bank, Prabhu Bank, Everest Bank, Machhapuchhre Bank, Sanima Bank, Global IME Bank, Siddhartha Bank, Nepal SBI Bank, and Mega Bank Nepal Limited. In addition, the Nepal Rastra Bank has a provincial office in Janakpur to regulate banking activities in the region.

## Geography and climate

Janakpur is located in the Terai, where the climate is humid subtropical. The months of March and April are hot, dry, and windy. The wet season lasts from May to September, followed by a mild, dry autumn from October to November. Winter is cold from December to February.
The major rivers surrounding Janakpur are the Dudhmati, Jalad, Rato, Balan, and Kamala.
Climate data for Janakpur (Janakpur Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1969–2017) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) | 33.8 (92.8) | 38.6 (101.5) | 42.0 (107.6) | 42.2 (108.0) | 42.4 (108.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 38.2 (100.8) | 39.0 (102.2) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.0 (96.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 42.4 (108.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.6 (70.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 31.4 (88.5) | 34.9 (94.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 34.1 (93.4) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.9 (89.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 30.6 (87.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.6 (74.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 27.1 (80.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 25.1 (77.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 11.0 (51.8) | 19.6 (67.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 2.0 (35.6) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 8.0 (46.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 2.0 (35.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.1 (0.48) | 8.3 (0.33) | 13.2 (0.52) | 54.6 (2.15) | 123.7 (4.87) | 259.4 (10.21) | 437.9 (17.24) | 319.1 (12.56) | 179.6 (7.07) | 54.3 (2.14) | 1.4 (0.06) | 2.8 (0.11) | 1,466.4 (57.73) |
| Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology ||||||||||||||

## Transport
### Roadways

Frequent bus services operate between Janakpur and other Nepalese cities. Within the city, cycle rickshaws, electric rickshaws, tempos (three-wheeled vehicles), and buses are available. A few bus services operate to the Indian cities of Sitamarhi, Patna, Delhi and Ayodhya as part of the Ramayan Circuit, promoting religious tourism in Nepal and India.

### Railways

Jaynagar–Bardibas railway line, operated by Nepal Railways is the only operational railway in Nepal. It connects Janakpur to Siraha at the Nepal-India border and continues further to the Indian city of Jaynagar, Bihar. There is a customs checkpoint in Siraha for goods.

### Airways

Janakpur has a domestic airport (IATA: JKR, ICAO: VNJP) with most flights connecting to Kathmandu. There are plans of expanding it as a regional airport.
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Buddha Air | Kathmandu |
| Yeti Airlines | Kathmandu |
| Shree Airlines | Kathmandu |

## Culture
### Religious sites

The Janaki Mandir is in the centre of Janakpur, northwest of the market. It is one of the biggest temples in Nepal and was built in 1898 (1955 in the Nepali calendar) by Queen Brisabhanu Kunwari of Tikamgarh. It is also called Nau Lakha Mandir, named after the construction cost, said to be nine lakh gold coins. The temple is architecturally unique in Nepal: its inner sanctum contains a flower-covered statue of Sita which was found in the Sarayu River near Ayodhya. Statues of Rama and his brothers Lakshman, Bharat, and Satrughna stand beside Sita.
Adjacent to the Janaki Mandir is the Rama Sita Vivaha Mandir, a building that commemorates the marriage of Rama and Sita.
Often considered one of the oldest temples in Janakpur is Sri Ram Temple, is said to have been built by the Gorkhali General Amar Singh Thapa.(citation does not exist, false claim) Pilgrims also visit over 200 sacred ponds in the city for ritual baths. The two most important ponds, Dhanush Sagar and Ganga Sagar, are located close to the city center.
* Deities of Sri Sita Devi (far right) and Sri Rama (centre) (with Sri Lakshmana (far left) and Sri Hanuman (below seated))
* Pond in front of Mani mandap, Rani Bazar. The place where the marriage of Ram and Sita actually happened.
* Ram Janaki Biwaha Mandap
* Hanuman Mandir, Kadam Chowk
* Janaki Mandir
* Ram Mandir, Janakpur, Mithila

#### Other religious sites

* Vivah Mandap temple is situated next to the Janaki Mandir
* Ram Tower is also next to Janaki Mandir. It was inaugurated by former Prime Minister Sushil Koirala, located to the south of Ram Temple.
* Kapileshwar Temple
* Rajarshi Janak Mandir

### Festivals

Major religious celebrations include the Hindu festivals of Vivaha Panchami, Dipawali, and Vijayadashami, followed by Chhath Puja, which is celebrated six days after Diwali, and Makar Sankranti.
On the night of the full moon in February or March, before the festival of Holi, a one-day Parikrama (circumambulation) of the city is observed. Many people offer prostrated obeisances along the entire 8 km (5.0 mi) route. Two other festivals honor Rama and Sita: Rama Navami, the birthday of Lord Rama, and the Vivaha Panchami that re-enacts the wedding of Rama and Sita at the Vivah Mandap temple on the fifth day of the waxing moon in November or early December.

## Education

Janakpur has educational facilities where several of the country's elites went to school, including the first president of the Federal Republic of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, and former DPM (Deputy Prime Minister), Bimalendra Nidhi. There are many private and government schools and colleges located in Janakpur. One of the oldest government colleges of Nepal, Ramsworup Ramsagar Bahumukhi Campus, which is a constituent campus of Tribhuvan University, is located in Janakpur. Janakpur also has Rajarshi Janak University for higher studies.
Janakpur also has a medical college, Janaki Medical College, which is also affiliated with Tribhuvan University. Similarly, for engineering studies, the city has Central Engineering College, affiliated to Purbanchal University. Janakpur also have one autonomous institute named Madesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS).
Janakpur is the educational hub for high school. There are hundreds of high school like Shree Saraswati Ma Vï, Sankat Mochan School, MIT School, New English School and many more.
And many colleges like Model Multiple College, MIT, Dhanusha Science Campus, Rajshree Janak Campus are also there for higher studies in different streams.

### Libraries

Gangasagar Public Library was established in 1955 and is situated between two historical ponds of Janakpur—Dhanuschatra Pond and Ganga Sagar. The library was reopened to the public in 2012. In recent times, a team of active and committed local youth workers has contributed to the revival of this library by organizing public book collections for the library. It is open daily for three hours, mainly for newspaper-reading, but has few daily visitors.
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus library is also accessible to the general public.

## Media

The local media of Janakpur primarily consists of several community radio stations, some TV channels, and a few print newspapers, such as Janakpur Today. Local Janakpur media primarily consists of radio shows, such as Mithila Jagaran.

## Sister cities

* Ayodhya, India
** Ayodhya and Janakpur became sister cities in November 2014. Ayodhya is the birthplace of Rama and Janakpur is the birthplace of his consort, Sita.

## Gallery

* Night view of Janaki Temple
* Inside view of Janaki Temple
* Way to Vivah Mandap
* Vivah Manadap
* Former Deputy Prime minister and NC Vice president Bimalendra Nidhi at Janaki Mandir
* Indian PM Modi in Janakpur wearing famous Maithili cap, Paag
* Sunset over railway track near Janakpur
* Vedi, mani mandap, Janakpur
* Abandoned Old Train at Janakpur station
* Mithila art
* Puctue depuctin King Janak ploughing to discover Sita Mata
* Janakpur in 2000's
* First president of Republic Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav visiting Janakpur
* Janakpur-Ayodhya bus
* Old picture of Janaki High School
* Murali Chowk in 2000's
* Construction of New Airport buildings

## Janakpur Bolts

Janakpur Bolts (Nepali: जनकपुर बोल्ट्स) is a professional cricket franchise team based in Janakpur, Nepal, that plays in the Nepal Premier League. The franchise is owned by the Dream Sports pvt ltd.The Golden Sponsor of Janakpur Bolts is TECNO NEPAL. The decor partner of this franchise is NEPOVIT TILES.

### Current squad

| No. | Name | Date of birth | Batting style | Bowling style | Salary | Notes |
| 1 | Aasif Sheikh | (2001-06-22) 22 June 2001 (age 23) | Right-handed | | | Marquee Player |
| 2 | Hemant Dhami | (2006-04-14) 14 April 2006 (age 18) | Right-handed | Right-arm Medium-Fast | रू5 lakh (US$3,600) | |
| 3 | Subh Kansakar | (2000-05-15) 15 May 2000 (age 24) | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox | रू10 lakh (US$7,200) | |
| 4 | Kishore Mahato | (2000-04-02) 2 April 2000 (age 24) | Right-handed | Right arm medium-fast | रू10 lakh (US$7,200) | |
| 5 | Sher Malla | (2001-12-02) 2 December 2001 (age 23) | Right-handed | Right arm medium | रू15 lakh (US$11,000) | |
| 6 | Lalit Rajbanshi | (1999-02-27) 27 February 1999 (age 26) | Right-handed | - | रू5 lakh (US$3,600) | |
| 7 | Rupesh Singh | (2000-10-01) 1 October 2000 (age 24) | Right-handed | Right arm off break | रू2.5 lakh (US$1,800) | |
| 8 | Anil Sah | 17 November 1998 (age 25) | | | रू2 lakh (US$1,400) | Captain |
| 9 | Tul Thapa | (2006-02-23) 23 February 2006 (age 19) | Right-handed | Left arm medium | रू15 lakh (US$11,000) | |
| 10 | Aakash Tripathi | 10 September 2005 (age 19) | | | रू2 lakh (US$1,400) | |
| 11 | Arniko Yadav | (1993-05-17) 17 May 1993 (age 31) | Left-handed | Leg break, googly | रू2 lakh (US$1,400) | |
| 12 | Jimmy Neesham | 5 September 1992 (age 32) | Left-handed | Right-arm Medium-fast | | Foreign Player |
| 13 | Joshua Tromp | 1 April 2001 (age 23) | Right-handed | Right-arm Medium | |
The franchise is owned by the Dream Sports.