# Sakùntala

La leggenda di Sakùntala is a three-act opera by Franco Alfano, who wrote his own libretto based on Kālidāsa's 5th-century-CE drama Shakuntala. It was completed in 1920. When the score was believed lost in wartime bombing, Alfano reconstructed it, in 1945, now titling it simply Sakùntala, but in 2006 a copy of the original was found.

## Premiere, loss and rediscovery

La leggenda di Sakùntala was first performed on 10 December 1921 at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. The full score and orchestral materials were believed destroyed when an Allied bomb hit the archives of Alfano's publisher, Ricordi, during World War II, so Alfano reconstructed the opera in 1945, shortening its name, and a second "premiere" followed at the Teatro dell'Opera in Rome on 5 January 1952. Decades later, during preparations for a revival in Rome in 2006, the original 1920 score was found in the Ricordi archives, and so the opera was performed once again in its original form and with its original title.

## Recent performances and filming

Critically regarded as Alfano's best work, La leggenda di Sakùntala was performed seven times for Italian radio between its premiere and 1979. These broadcasts featured such sopranos as Magda Olivero, Anna de Cavalieri and Celestina Casapietra. The opera was revived at the Wexford Opera Festival in 1982 and in concert on November 19, 2013, by Teatro Grattacielo in New York. In 2016 it was staged and filmed at the Teatro Massimo in Catania with soprano Silvia dalla Benetta and Nikša Bareza conducting, a production released on DVD on the Bongiovanni label.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere casts :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 10 December 1921 conductor: Tullio Serafin | Premiere of the reconstruction, 5 January 1952 conductor: Gianandrea Gavazzeni |
| Sakùntala, a young woman of royal origin | soprano | Augusta Concato-Piccaluga | V P Aguero |
| Priyamvada, Sakùntala's friend | mezzo-soprano | Anna Manarini | Fernanda Cadoni |
| Anusuya, Sakùntala's friend | soprano | Gina Pedroni | Mafalda Micheluzzi |
| Dushyanta, the King | tenor | Nino Piccaluga | Roberto Turrini |
| His weapon bearer | baritone | Luigi Bolpagni | Titta Ruffo |
| Kanva, leader of the hermits | bass | Bruno Carmassi | Giulio Neri |
| A young hermit | tenor | Carlo Bonfanti | Adelio Zagonara |
| Durvasas, an ascetic | bass | Enrico Spada | Bruno Sbalchiero |
| Harita | bass | Ugo Cannetti | Carlo Platania |
| A fisherman | tenor | Edmondo Orlandi | Paolo Caroli |
| A guard | bass | | Virgilio Stocco |

## Synopsis
### Act 1

The King encounters Sakùntala while hunting with his men near the remote woodland monastery where she lives. The King woos her, and overcoming her initial fear, promises that he will return, giving her a ring by which to remember him.

### Act 2

Daydreaming about the King, Sakùntala fails to hear the hermit Durvasas's entreaties to open the monastery's gate to admit him. Angered, he curses Sakùntala, proclaiming that the King would not remember her. Sakùntala begs a cloud to carry a message to the King. Harita returns to the monastery, and tells Sakùntala that she is with child.

### Act 3

The King is restless, and not entertained by the dancing girls who perform for him. Sakùntala arrives with her entourage, but when she attempts to present her ring of remembrance to the King, she realizes that she has lost it. The curse is fulfilled, and Sakùntala rushes out of the palace to drown herself in a lake. However, belatedly, a fisherman arrives, having found the ring, and presents it to the King, who suddenly remembers Sakùntala. Servants enter, bearing Sakùntala's infant child, and the King cries out in anguish. But Sakùntala's voice descends from heaven (having been taken up into the heavens by a cloud of fire), and tells the King not to despair, for their child will become the hero of the future age. All the people kneel and worship the infant.