OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Goat Cay, Exuma

23°50′13″N 76°12′50″W﻿ / ﻿23.837°N 76.214°W﻿ / 23.837; -76.214 Goat Cay is a private island off Darby Island in the Exuma district of the Bahamas. Goat Cay is located somewhat southeast of Musha Cay, an island owned by David Copperfield, and west of Lignum Vitae Cay. (There is also a Goat Cay off Great Exuma Island and off Little Exuma Island, as well as off other Bahama Islands.)
Goat Cay off Darby Island is owned by Tim McGraw who called it "the best place on earth" and wife Faith Hill, who purchased it in 2003. They named the property L’île d’Anges, meaning Isle of Angels. It is listed for sale as of 2021 with an asking price of US$35 million. It has since sold and is no longer owned by the McGraws.
The island's land area is reported to be between 17 and 20 acres with 1 mile of waterfront and 2 beaches. The structures on the island include a 15,000 square foot, 8-bedroom main residence consisting of multiple pavilions connected by thatched-roof loggias. The home includes a lookout tower, and other buildings on the island consist of guest and worker housing for staff that live year-round on the island, yurts and maintenance buildings. The development of the island reportedly took a decade.
The island and its home was featured in the July 2017 issue of Architectural Digest.
The island is completely off grid and self sufficient with generators and a desalination plant. Provisions are shipped in by barge. Access to the island is by boat, seaplane or private airstrip.
# Mawk'allaqta, Espinar

Mawk'allaqta, also Mawk'a Llaqta (Quechua mawk'a ancient, llaqta place (village, town, city, country, nation), "ancient place", hispanicized spellings Maukallacta, Maukallaqta, Mauk'allaqta) is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Espinar Province, on the border of the districts Coporaque and Suykutambo. Mawk'allaqta is situated on the banks of the Hank'amayu and the Apurímac River at a height of 3,915 metres (12,844 ft).
# 1850s in sociology

* 1840s
* 1850s in sociology
* 1860s
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1850s.

## 1850

Events
* Karl Marx The Class Struggles in France is published.

## 1851

Events
* Herbert Spencer's Social Statics is published.

## 1852

Events
* Karl Marx's The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte is published.
Births
* August 23: Arnold Toynbee

## 1854

Events
* Auguste Comte's The System of Positive Philosophy is published.

## 1855

Events
* Søren Kierkegaard's Attack Upon Christendom is published.
* Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play's Les Ouvriers européens is published.

## 1856

Events
* Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play founds the Société internationale des études pratiques d'économie sociale.

## 1857

Events
* Karl Marx's Grundrisse is written (but not published until 1941).

## 1859

Events
* Karl Marx's A Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy is published.
# Green Bridge of Wales

The Green Bridge of Wales (Welsh: Pont Werdd Cymru) is a natural arch formed from Carboniferous Limestone within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is located in the Castlemartin military training area just beyond the car park at Stack Rocks (Creigiau Elegig) and beside the Pembrokeshire Coast Path.

## Geology

The geology of the area in which the Green Bridge of Wales is located is composed of a very thick layer of Carboniferous Limestone, including a certain amount of chert. Erosion has occurred over time as storm winds have battered the coast, pebbles have been dashed against the rocks, sand particles have worn away the surface, and chemical erosion has dissolved the limestone. The weakest parts of the cliff are the first to be worn away, usually the folds and small faults that are present in the rocks. This has resulted over many millennia in the creation of many unusual landforms. In the case of the Green Bridge of Wales, erosion has taken place on both sides of a small headland, caves have been formed which extended further and further until they met, forming the arch that can be seen today. The bridge is about 24 m (80 ft) high with a span of more than 20 m (66 ft). Its outer edge rests on a more durable rock pedestal and its upper surface is clad in vegetation. The Green Bridge lost a considerable amount of rock to damage during Storm Ophelia in October 2017.

## The Green Bridge

Like the nearby Elegug Stacks and Huntsman's Leap further to the east it is a popular visitor attraction and can be accessed by walkers from the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. Images of it appear frequently both in tourism publications and in geography textbooks. With a height of around 80 ft, the Natural Arch and Bridge Society describe it as 'probably the most spectacular arch in the United Kingdom'.
The site lies at the extreme west of the eastern sector of the Ministry of Defence's Castlemartin military training area but access for the public is normally available.
# Ap Lei Chau Bridge

Ap Lei Chau Bridge is a highway bridge in Hong Kong connecting the island of Ap Lei Chau (Aberdeen Island) to the community of Aberdeen on Hong Kong Island.

## First bridge

Started in April 1977 and completed in 1980, the first bridge had one lane of traffic in each direction. It is a double-cantilever, prestressed-concrete bridge, with a 115 metres (377 ft) main span, two 60 metres (200 ft) side spans, and associated ramps. Maunsell & Partners were the bridge consultants.
Peter Hines was the resident engineer of the bridge. During the construction, he realised that the pre-stressed cantilevers of the bridge would not meet in the centre, necessitating an "emergency raise".

## Second bridge

Construction of the twin Second Ap Lei Chau Bridge on the north side of the first bridge was started in May 1991 and completed in July 1994 to provide two traffic lanes in each direction. Both sides of the bridge have pavements for pedestrian use.
Legislators approved funding for the Second Ap Lei Chau Bridge on 1 May 1991. It opened on 28 July 1994. The first person to drive across it was Kwong Hon-sang, Director of Highways, officiating at the opening ceremony.
The two bridges are Ap Lei Chau's only road links with Hong Kong Island. There is a railway bridge, the Aberdeen Channel Bridge, opened on 28 December 2016 as part of the MTR's South Island line.
# First Kohl cabinet

The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was formed in 1 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. The other cabinet members were appointed and sworn in on 4 October 1982. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.

## Composition

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Chancellor | Helmut Kohl | 1 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Vice Chancellor & Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs | Hans-Dietrich Genscher | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | FDP |
| Federal Minister of Defense | Manfred Wörner | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of the Interior | Friedrich Zimmermann | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CSU |
| Federal Minister of Finance | Gerhard Stoltenberg | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Justice | Hans A. Engelhard | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | FDP |
| Federal Minister of Economics | Otto Graf Lambsdorff | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | FDP |
| Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs | Norbert Blüm | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry | Josef Ertl | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | FDP |
| Federal Minister of Transport | Werner Dollinger | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CSU |
| Federal Minister of Construction | Oscar Schneider | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CSU |
| Federal Minister of Youth, Family, and Health | Heiner Geissler | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Research and Technology | Heinz Riesenhuber | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Education and Science | Dorothee Wilms | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation | Jürgen Warnke | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CSU |
| Federal Minister of Posts and Communications | Christian Schwarz-Schilling | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
| Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations | Rainer Barzel | 4 October 1982 | 30 March 1983 | CDU |
# Butcher Brown

Butcher Brown is a jazz quintet founded in 2009 and based in Richmond, Virginia. Their members are Marcus Tenney (trumpet and saxophone), Morgan Burrs (guitar), Corey Fonville (percussion), Andrew Randazzo (bass), and DJ Harrison (keyboards).
DownBeat has characterized them as a "'70s jazz-funk fusion throwback". Others describe their music as a mix of jazz, hip-hop, soul, funk, and R&B. National Public Radio says that "they scoff at the limitations of adjacent genres with the expertise of master musicians who've played together so long that they flow from one vibe to the next without missing a beat."
Burrs and Fonville, speaking about the band's sound and development, have cited the following as inspirations: D'Angelo, the Headhunters, the Miles Davis Second Quintet, Return to Forever, the Robert Glasper Experiment, the Roots, Spyro Gyra, and Weather Report.
Butcher Brown's cover of Little Richard's "Rip It Up" was selected as the theme song of Monday Night Football in September 2020.
In 2024, the band won the third annual Newlin Music Prize for their album Solar Music.

## Discography

They have released nine albums.
| Title | Label | Year |
| Backtracks | (self-released) | 2013 |
| All Purpose Music | Jellowstone Records | 2014 |
| Grown Folk | Thrash Flow | 2015 |
| Live at Vagabond | Gearbox Records | 2017 |
| The Healer | (self-released) | 2017 |
| Camden Session | Gearbox Records | 2018 |
| AfroKuti: A Tribute To Fela | (self-released) | 2018 |
| #KingButch | Concord Jazz | 2020 |
| Encore | Concord Jazz | 2020 |
| Butcher Brown Presents Triple Trey | Concord Jazz | 2022 |
| Solar Music | Concord Jazz | 2023 |
# List of Mayan languages

The Mayan languages are a group of languages spoken by the Maya peoples. The Maya form a group of approximately 7 million people who are descended from an ancient Mesoamerican civilization and spread across the modern-day countries of: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Speaking descendant languages from their original Proto-Mayan language, some of their languages were recorded in the form of 'glyphs' of a Mayan script.

## Languages

The languages are shown along with their population estimates, as available.
| Language | Speakers | Year | Countries |
| Chontal | 60,563 | 2020 census | Mexico (Tabasco) |
| Chʼol | 254,715 | 2020 census | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Chʼortiʼ | 30,000 | 2000 | Guatemala, Honduras |
| Chʼoltiʼ | 0 | extinct | Guatemala, Belize |
| Tzeltal | 589,144 | 2020 census | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Tzotzil | 550,274 | 2020 census | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Chicomuceltec | 0 | Extinct | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Tének | 168,729 | 2020 census | Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Veracruz) |
| Chuj | 61,630 | 2003-2011 | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Tojol-abʼal | 66,953 | 2010 census | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Jakaltek | 34,500 | 2000-2003 | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas), |
| Qʼanjobʼal | 148,340 | 2003-2010 | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Akatek | 45,430 | 2003-2011 | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Mochoʼ | 126 | 2020 | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Awakatek | 9,610 | 2003 census | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico |
| Ixil | 83,600 | 2003 census | Guatemala (El Quiché), Mexico |
| Mam | 488,500 | 2003-2011 | Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Tektitek | 1,211 | 2000-2003 | Guatemala (Huehuetenango), Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Qʼeqchiʼ | 1,371,606 | 2020 | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico |
| Poqomam | 11,300 | 2003 census | Guatemala |
| Poqomchiʼ | 92,900 | 2003 census | Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, El Quiché) |
| Achi | 82,600 | 2003 census | Guatemala (Baja Verapaz) |
| Kʼicheʼ | 1,055,407 | 2020 | Guatemala, Mexico |
| Kaqchikel | 445,000 | 2001 census | Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Tzʼutujil | 63,200 | 2003 census | Guatemala |
| Sakapultek | 15,000 | 2006 | Guatemala (El Quiché) |
| Sipakapense | 5,690 | 2003 census | Guatemala (San Marcos) |
| Uspantek | 2,000 | 2013 | Guatemala (El Quiché) |
| Itzaʼ | 1,090 | 2003 census | Guatemala (El Petén) |
| Mopan | 13,060 | 2003-2014 | Belize, Guatemala (El Petén) |
| Lacandon | 998 | 2015 | Mexico (Chiapas) |
| Maya (Yucatec) | 812,633 | 2010-2014 | Mexico, Belize |
In addition, Chalchitek is considered by some to be a distinct language, while others consider it a dialect of Awakatek.
# 1890s in sociology

* 1880s
* 1890s in sociology
* 1900s
* Anthropology
* Comics
* Fashion
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1890s.

## 1890

* Sir James George Frazer's The Golden Bough is published.
* Alfred Marshall's Principles of Economics is published.
* Jose Rizal's La Indolencia de los Filipinos is published in Madrid.
* Georg Simmel's Social Differentiation is published.
* Gabriel Tarde's Laws of Imitation is published.
* Frank Wilson Blackmar starts teaching Elements of Sociology to graduate students at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. This becomes the oldest continuing sociology course in America

### Births

* March 8: Oswald von Nell-Breuning

## 1891

* The Department of History and Sociology is established at the University of Kansas
* Beatrice Webb's Co-operative Movement is published.
* Edward Alexander Westermarck's The History of Human Marriage is published.

## 1892

* Albion Small establishes the 1st Department of Sociology The Chicago School of Sociology.
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper is published.
* Georg Simmel's Problems of the Philosophy of History is published.

## 1893

* Émile Durkheim's The Division of Labour in Society is published.
* Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse's The Labour Movement is published.
* The final volume of Karl Marx's Capital is published (edited by Engels).
* Georg Simmel's Introduction to the Science of Ethics is published.
* Wilhelm Windelband's A History of Philosophy is published.
* Rene Worms founded the small Institut International de Sociologie

## 1894

* Albion Woodbury Small writes the 1st textbook in Sociology: An introduction to the study of the society
* W. E. B. Du Bois' The Philadelphia Negro is published.

## 1895

* Émile Durkheim's On the Normality of Crime is published.
* Émile Durkheim's The Rules of the Sociological Method is published.
* The first publication of The American Journal of Sociology by The University of Chicago Press

## 1896

* Henri Bergson's Matter and Memory is published.
* Franklin Henry Giddings' Principles of Sociology is published.
* Gaetano Mosca's The Ruling Class is published.
* Rene Worms' The Nature and Method of Sociology is published.

## 1897

* W. E. B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk is published.
* Émile Durkheim's Suicide is published.
* Vilfredo Pareto's The New Theories of Economics is published.
* The First publication of L'Année Sociologique.

### Births

* May 22: Stanislaw Ossowski
* June 22: Norbert Elias
* August 28: Louis Wirth

## 1898

* Franklin Henry Giddings' Elements of Sociology is published.
* Gabriel Tarde's Social Laws: An Outline of Sociology is published.
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Women and Economics is published.

## 1899

* Karl Kautsky's On The Agrarian Question is published.
* Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin's The Development of Capitalism in Russia is published.
* Thorstein Bunde Veblen's of The Theory of the Leisure Class is published.
# Meena Hazara

Meena Hazara (Persian: مینا هزاره) is a gold medalist who participated in the 2010 South Asian Games in Dhaka, Bangladesh. She represented Pakistan in Karate.
# Stephen Self

Stephen Self is an American volcanologist (born in Britain,) best known for his work on large igneous provinces, explosive eruptions, and on the global impacts of volcanism.

## Education and career

Self graduated from Leeds University in 1970, with a BSc in geology. He then went to Imperial College to study for a PhD on the recent volcanology of Terceira Island, Azores, supervised by George P. L. Walker. After completing his PhD thesis in 1974, Self moved to New Zealand as a post-doctoral fellow at Victoria University, Wellington, before moving to the United States as a NASA Research Fellow at Dartmouth College and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (1977–1979). He was Assistant Professor at Arizona State University from 1979 to 1983, and later Associate Professor and then Professor at University of Texas, Arlington from 1983 to 1990. In 1990, Self moved to the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu as a Professor of Geology and Geophysics, before returning to the UK in 2001 as Chair in Volcanology at The Open University. From 2008 to 2018, Self worked for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission as Senior Volcanologist. He is currently adjunct Professor in Department of Earth and Planetary Science at University of California, Berkeley.

## Contributions

Self has made foundational contributions to understanding large volcanic eruptions and their impacts on the environment. Working with Christopher G. Newhall, he conceived the Volcanic Explosivity Index in 1982 which remains the most widely used comparator of eruption sizes (2,400 citations in Google Scholar). With Michael R. Rampino, Self established links between large explosive volcanic eruptions and climate and, in particular, the sulfur injected into the atmosphere. Self also established links between large effusive eruptions and climate for flood basalt provinces including the Deccan Traps and Columbia River. With Thorvaldur Thordarsson, he has also written extensively on the Icelandic eruption of Laki, 1783-1784, and on the emplacement and inflation of large basaltic lava flows. Working with Stephen Sparks and George Walker, he provided foundational models on how large explosive eruption deposits form and are interpreted. He has published studies on the largest Quaternary eruptions and their interactions with landscapes, hazards, and climate including the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo, 1815 Tambora, 1883 Krakatau, and Toba (74,000 years ago) eruptions among others . In 1979, he was the first scientist of the modern era to visit Tambora volcano, in Indonesia—site of the largest and most deadly eruption of the past 750 years which led to the infamous 'Year without a Summer' of 1816.

## Service and recognition

Self was Vice-President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior from 2011-2015. In 2012, he was elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union; an honor which recognizes 'individual members who have made exceptional scientific contributions and attained acknowledged eminence'. He was elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America in 1986.
# Matthew Branton

Matthew Branton (born 1968) is a British novelist and author. He is noted for interrupting a successful career by publishing his fifth novel as a free download during the invasion of Iraq in 2003.

## Life and career

Branton grew up in Sevenoaks, Kent and was educated at Sheffield City Polytechnic where as an undergraduate he was taught by the Montserratian poet, playwright, and novelist E A Markham, and as a postgraduate by the British novelist Lesley Glaister. His first novel The Love Parade was published in 1997; The House of Whacks in 1999; Coast in 2000; The Hired Gun in 2001. Non-fiction includes Write a Bestselling Thriller published in 2012.
Branton published his fifth novel The Tie and the Crest as a free download in April 2003, to protest UK involvement in the invasion of Iraq. His novels, though commercially successful, are understood to belong to the outsider-art and politically-radical creative traditions, as does his work since 2003, usually published unsigned and unpublicized, frequently via social media.
# Farouq Molloy

Farouq Molloy, born Sean Molloy in 1957 in Plymouth, is a British "outsider" artist. He initially drew on graph paper with a black biro, then began working with colours. His patterned drawings incorporate "Islamic and North African decorative elements", reflecting his conversion to Islam in the early 1990s.
Molloy's work was exhibited at the Tranquil Minds exhibition in 2004, and at the British Outsider Art exhibition in Paris in 2008. It was also featured in Prospect Magazine n°106, in January 2005.
# Robert Sundholm

Robert Sundholm (born 1941) was an outsider artist. Died 4/29/2023 A resident of North Bergen, New Jersey, Sundholm became a janitor at the North Bergen town hall and taped his work along the corridor walls. He was discovered in 2009 by an attorney/artist Daniel Belardinelli who curated his first show. His most recent milestones include being curated at the Outsider Art Fair 1/17 as well as being the subject of a video and article for People magazine. Additionally Sundholm donated 21 paintings to the Hanover Charity Benefit hosted by Vanessa Noel. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/robert-sundholm-obituary?id=51769400
# Cornelis van Eck

Cornelis van Eck (1662–1732) was a Dutch jurist and poet.
Born in Arnhem, he studied literature in Utrecht and law in Leiden, attaining his doctorate under Johannes Voet in 1682. His dissertation, De septem damnatis legibus, saw seven re-editions. He was called upon to teach in Franeker in 1686 and was appointed to a professorship in Utrecht in 1693.
Van Eck wrote a 1689 civil law textbook, Principia juris civilis secundum ordinem Digestorem, that saw use in Dutch law courses up until the early 19th century. His Latin poetry was also well received by his contemporaries.
# Franz von Bocholt

Franz von Bocholt was a German engraver, working between 1458 and 1480.

## Life

According to the 16th-century writer Matthias Quad, in his book Teutscher Nation Herrlichkeit ("The Excellency of the German Nation"), Bocholt invented the process of engraving on copper, although by the late 18th century Joseph Strutt could describe this theory as "with the greatest justice, generally exploded". Strutt also disputed Quad's idea that Bocholt's works were drawn from nature, describing them as "in general, stiff, laboured copies, from the works of Israel van Mecheln and Martin Schoon".
According to Quad, Bocholt was a shepherd at Mons in Hainault, but he is more likely to have come from Bocholt, a small town in the bishopric of Münster. His prints, fifty-five, are mostly copies after those of Martin Schongauer and Von Meckenen, although he also engraved a few plates from his own designs. His works are generally signed with the initials "F. v. B.".

## Works

His engravings include:

### Copies from after Schongauer

* St. Anthony carried into the air by demons (original).
* St. James reading.
* St. Michael and the Dragon.

### Copies after Israel von Meckenen

* The Judgment of Solomon.
* The Annunciation.
* The Virgin and Child; in an arch.

### Subjects from his own designs

* A Friar struggling with a Girl, who defends herself with her distaff.
* Samson strangling the Lion.
* Two men Quarrelling.
* St. George and the Dragon.