# List of women in Female Biography

Female biography was identified and named by Mary Hays (1759–1843) as a discrete empirical category of knowledge production and analysis while researching figures for the first Enlightenment prosopography of women, Female Biography; Or, memoirs of Illustrious and Celebrated Women, of all Ages and Countries (R. Phillips, 1803) in six volumes.
The first American edition came in 1807, arranged as three volumes and with minor typographical corrections (Birch & Small, Philadelphia). A new version of the encyclopedia was published again in six volumes in 2013 and 2014, as part of The Chawton House Library Series Memoirs of Women Writers (Part II: volumes 5–7; Part III, volumes 8–10; Pickering & Chatto, London). The Chawton House Library Edition (or CHLE) was edited by Gina Luria Walker, produced by a collaborative of contemporary scholars representing over 100 institutions in 18 countries and four continents, and contains new annotations and research that contextualize Hays's original sources of information.
This list of women collects all 300 figures included in Female Biography. Approximately 100 of the subjects listed here were also included in Judy Chicago's 1979 art installation The Dinner Party, either with a place setting at the table or with a ceramic tile in the Heritage Floor.
The names in the list below appear as they were spelled and alphabetized by Hays for the original publication. Hays grouped some subjects together in a single entry (resulting in a total count of 294 entries, but 300 subjects), indicated below with asterisks, all of which have been separately identified by scholars working on the modern edition.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W–Z
* Notes
* References
| Name | Dates | Origin | Notes | 1803 Vol. | CHLE Vol. |
| Abbasa (confused with her sister, Ulayya) | 8th-9th century | Arab | Abbasid princess and poet | 1 | 5 |
| Adricomia (Cornelia Adrichomia) | 16th century | Dutch | Nun, Poet | 1 | 5 |
| Agnes Sorrel, or Sorreille | 1422–1450 | French | Mistress to King Charles VII of France | 1 | 5 |
| Agreda, Mary de | 1602–1665 | Spanish | Ecstatic Nun, Mystic | 1 | 5 |
| Agrippina the Elder | d.33 CE | Roman | Roman Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Agrippina the Younger | 15-59 | Roman | Roman Empress | 1 | 5 |
| Albert, Jane, d’ (Jeanne d'Albret) | 1528-1572 | French | Queen, writer, poet, French Huguenot protectoress | 1 | 5 |
| Aldrude, Countess of Bertinoro | 12th century | Italian | Countess, Led troops to battle | 1 | 5 |
| Aloysia Sigea, of Toledo (Luisa) | 1522–1560 | Spanish | Poet, Major figure of Spanish Humanism | 1 | 5 |
| Amalasenta | 495-535 | Ostrogoth | Ostrogoth Princess, Queen Regent | 1 | 5 |
| Amboise, Frances d’ | 1427-1485 | French | Carmelite nun | 1 | 5 |
| Ammannati, Laura Battiferri | 1523–1589 | Italian | Poet | 1 | 5 |
| Andreini, Isabella | 1562–1604 | Italian | Actress, Writer | 1 | 5 |
| Anjou, Margaret of | 1430–1482 | French | Royal consort | 1 | 5 |
| Anne of Austria | 1601–1666 | Spanish | Princess | 1 | 5 |
| Anne of Beaujeu | 1461–1522 | French | Princess and Regent | 1 | 5 |
| Anne of Bretagne | 1477–1514 | French | Queen, patron of the arts | 1 | 5 |
| Anonymous: Bettina d'Andrea* | 1311–1355 | Italian | Professor of Law and Philosophy | 3 | 7 |
| Anonymous: Bettisia Gozzadini* | 1209–1260 | Italian | Professor of Law | 3 | 7 |
| Anonymous: Dorotea Bocchi* | 1360–1436 | Italian | Physician | 3 | 7 |
| Anonymous: Laura Bassi* | 1711–1778 | Italian | Professor of Anatomy, Philosophy and Experimental Physics | 3 | 7 |
| Anonymous: Maddalena Bonsignori* | 14th century | Italian | Professor of Law | 3 | 7 |
| Anonymous: Novella d'Andrea* | 14th century | Italian | Professor of Law | 3 | 7 |
| Antonia | 36 BCE – 37 CE | Roman | Roman Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Aragon, Isabella of | 1470–1524 | Neapolitan | Princess | 1 | 5 |
| Aragon, Joan of (Giovanna d'Aragona) | 1502–1575 | Neapolitan | Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Aragon, Tullia of | d.1556 | Italian | Courtesan, writer, philosopher | 1 | 5 |
| Arc, Joan d', Maid of Orleans | d.1431 | French | Soldier | 1 | 5 |
| Aretaphila | 2nd century BCE | Greek | Cyrenean Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Arete (of Cyrene) | 4th century BCE | Greek | Philosopher | 1 | 5 |
| Argentaria, Polla | 1st century | Roman | Roman Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Armyne, Lady Mary | d.1676 | English | Benefactress | 1 | 5 |
| Arnaude de Rocas | d.1570 | Greek | Martyr | 1 | 5 |
| Arnauld, Angelique (Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly) | 1624–1684 | French | Nun, writer | 1 | 5 |
| Arnauld, Catherine Agnes (Jeanne-Catherine-Agnès Arnauld) | 1593–1672 | French | Abbess | 1 | 5 |
| Arnauld, Mary Angelique (Jacqueline-Marie-Angélique Arnauld) | 1591–1661 | French | Abbess | 1 | 5 |
| Arria | 1st century CE | Roman | Roman Noblewoman | 1 | 5 |
| Artemisia Gentileschi | 1593–c.1656 | Italian | Painter | 1 | 5 |
| Artemesia I | 5th century BCE | Greek | Carian Queen | 1 | 5 |
| Artemesia wife of Mausolus (Artemisia II of Caria) | d.351 BCE | Greek | Carian Queen | 1 | 5 |
| Arundel, Mary Countess of | d.1557 | English | Translations | 1 | 5 |
| Arundell, Blanche Lady | d.1649 | English | Defended Wardour Castle | 1 | 5 |
| Ascham, Margaret | 16th century | English | Writer | 1 | 5 |
| Askew, Anne | 1521–1546 | English | Poet, Protestant Martyr | 1 | 5 |
| Aspasia | 5th century BCE | Greek | Courtesan, Intellectual | 1 | 5 |
| Aspasia or Milto | 5th century BCE | Greek | Mistress of Cyrus | 1 | 5 |
| Astell, Mary | 1666–1731 | English | Writer | 1 | 5 |
| Athenais | d.460 | Greek | Empress | 1 | 5 |
| Aubespine, Madeleine de l’ | 1546–1596 | French | Poet, translations | 1 | 5 |
| Bacon, Lady (Ann) | d.1610 | English | Translations | 1 | 5 |
| Barbier, Mary Anne | d.1745 | French | Writer, playwright, poet | 1 | 5 |
| Baroni, Leonora | 1611–1670 | Italian | Singer, musician, composer | 1 | 5 |
| Basine, or Bazine | 5th century | German | Queen | 1 | 5 |
| Bavaria, Isabella of | 1370–1435 | Bavarian / French | Queen consort | 1 | 5 |
| Baynard, Anne | 1672–1697 | English | Natural Philosopher | 1 | 5 |
| Beale, Mary | 1632–1697 | English | Painter | 1 | 5 |
| Beaufort, Joan, Queen of Scotland | d.1445 | English | Queen Consort | 1 | 5 |
| Beaufort, Margaret | 1443–1509 | English | Mother of King Henry VII, Benefactress | 1 | 5 |
| Bectoz, Claude de | 1490–1547 | French | Abbess, poet | 1 | 5 |
| Behn, Aphra | 1640–1689 | English | Writer, playwright, poet | 1 | 5 |
| Bendish, Bridget | 1650–1726 | English | Granddaughter to Oliver Cromwell | 1 | 5 |
| Berenice (daughter of Herod of Agrippa) | 1st century CE | Judean | Judean princess | 1 | 5 |
| Bernard, Catherine | 1663–1712 | French | Writer, playwright, poet | 1 | 5 |
| Berners or Barnes, Juliana | 14th-15th century | English | Abbess, writer | 1 | 5 |
| Berneuille, Maria Catherina le Jumel de, Countess d'Aulnoy | d.1705 | French | Writer | 1 | 5 |
| Bertaut, Frances (Françoise), Madame de Motteville | d.1689 | French | Memoir writer | 1 | 5 |
| Blanche of Castile | 1188-1252 | Spanish | Queen, Regent | 1 | 5 |
| Bland, Elizabeth | 17th–18th century | English | Hebrew Scholar | 2 | 6 |
| Boadicea (Boudica), Queen of the Britons | 1st century | Britons | Queen | 2 | 6 |
| Bohemia, Elizabeth Frederica of | 1618–1680 | German | Philosopher | 1 | 5 |
| Boleyn, Anne | d.1536 | English | Queen, poet | 2 | 6 |
| Bontems, Madame (Marie-Jeanne de Châtillon Bontemps) | 1718–1768 | French | Translator | 2 | 6 |
| Bourbon, Henrietta of (Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier) | 1627–1693 | French | Princess, memoirist | 1 | 5 |
| Bourges, Clemence de | 16th century | French | Poet, musician | 2 | 6 |
| Bourignon, Antoinette | 1616–1680 | Flemish | Mystic, writer, printer | 2 | 6 |
| Bovey, Catherine | 1669–1726 | English | Benefactress | 2 | 6 |
| Bregy, Countess of (Charlotte Saumaise de Chasan) | 1619–1684 | French | Noblewoman | 2 | 6 |
| Broadstreet (Bradstreet), Anne | 1612–1672 | English | Poet | 2 | 6 |
| Marie Bruneau des Loges | 1584–1641 | French | Noblewoman, salonniere | 1 | |
| Burleigh, Lady Mildred | 1526–1589 | English | Writer, translator | 2 | 6 |
| Burnet, Elizabeth | 1661–1709 | English | Writer, benefactress | 2 | 6 |
| Bury, Elizabeth | 1644-1720 | English | Diarist | 2 | 6 |
| Calphurnia (Calpurnia) | 1st century | Roman | Wife of Pliny (the Younger) | 2 | 6 |
| Calpurnia | 1st century BCE | Roman | Final wife of Julius Caesar | 2 | 6 |
| Capello, Bianca | 1548–1587 | Italian | Noblewoman | 2 | 6 |
| Carew, Lady Elizabeth | d.1546 | English | Writer | 3 | 7 |
| Carolina, wife to George II (Caroline of Ansbach) | 1683–1737 | German | Queen consort | 2 | 6 |
| Catherine I of Russia | 1684–1727 | Swedish | Queen | 2 | 6 |
| Catherine II of Russia (Catherine the Great) | 1729–1796 | German | Queen, writer | 2 | 6 & 7 |
| Catherine of Aragon | 1485–1536 | Spanish | Queen, Regent | 2 | 6 |
| [[Catherine de' Medici|Catherine of Medicis] ] | 1519–1589 | Italian | Queen consort, patron of the arts | 2 | 6 |
| Centrelivre, Susannah | d.1723 | English | Poet, actress, dramatist | 3 | 7 |
| Chandler, Mary | 1687–1745 | English | Poet | 3 | 7 |
| Chapone, Mrs. (Hester) | 1727–1801 | English | Writer | 3 | 7 |
| Charixena | 6th century BCE | Greek | Writer, poet | 3 | 7 |
| Chatelet, Marchioness de (Émilie) | 1706–1749 | French | Writer, mathematician, physicist | 2 | |
| Chelonis, wife of Cleombrotus II | 3rd century BCE | Greek | Queen | 3 | 7 |
| Christina, Queen of Sweden | 1626–1689 | Swedish | Queen | 3 | 7 |
| Chudleigh, Lady Mary | 1656–1710 | English | Writer, poet | 3 | 7 |
| Cibber, Susannah Maria | 1714–1766 | English | Singer, actress | 3 | 7 |
| Clemente, Margaret | 1508–1570 | English | Learned woman, niece of Thomas More | 3 | 7 |
| Cleobule (Cleobuline), daughter of Cleobulus | 6th century BCE | Greek | Known for her verse riddles | 3 | 7 |
| Cleopatra | d.30 BCE | Egyptian | Pharaoh | 3 | 7 |
| Clifford, Anne, Countess of Pembroke, Dorset and Montgomery | 1590–1676 | English | Noblewoman, diarist | 3 | 7 |
| Clive, Catherine | 1711–1785 | English | Actress | 3 | 7 |
| Cockburn, Catherine | 1679–1749 | English | Novelist, dramatist, philosopher | 3 | 7 |
| Colonne, Victoire, Marchioness de Pescaire (Vittoria Colonna) | 1492–1547 | Italian | Noblewoman, poet | 3 | 7 |
| Comnena, Anna | 1083-1153 | Greek | Byzantine princess, scholar, historian | 3 | 7 |
| Cordaud, Isabella de (Isabella Losa of Cordova) | 1490-1564 | Catalan | Scholar, Jesuit patron | 3 | 7 |
| Cordey, Charlotte | 1768–1793 | French | Assassin of Jean-Paul Marat | 3 | 7 |
| Corinna | 5th century BCE | Greek | Poet, teacher | 3 | 7 |
| Cornaro, Helena Lucretia | 1646–1684 | Italian | Mathematician, Doctor of Philosophy | 3 | 7 |
| Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi | 2nd century BCE | Roman | Roman noblewoman | 3 | 7 |
| Cromwell, Elizabeth | 1598–1665 | English | Wife of Oliver Cromwell | 3 | 7 |
| Cruz, Juana Inez de la | 1651–1695 | Mexican (New Spain) | Scholar, poet, nun | 3 | 7 |
| Cynisca | 5th century BCE | Greek | Spartan princess, first woman to win at the Olympic games | 3 | 7 |
| Dacier, Madame | d.1720 | French | Scholar, translator | 4 | 8 |
| Damophila (Damophyla), wife of Damophilus | 7th century BCE | Greek | Poet, contemporary of Sappho | 4 | 8 |
| Dancy, Elizabeth | 1506-1564 | English | Daughter of Thomas More, scholar | 4 | 8 |
| Dante, Theodora (Teodora Danti) | 16th century | Italian | Mathematician, artist | 4 | 8 |
| Darbach or Karsch, Louisa | 1722–1791 | Silesian (German-language) | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Davies, Lady Eleanor | 1590–1652 | English | Prophet, author | 4 | 8 |
| Derby, Countess of | 1599–1664 | English | English noblewoman | 4 | 8 |
| Desmond, Countess of (Katherine Fitzgerald) | d.1604 | Irish | Noblewoman | 4 | 8 |
| Dido, Queen of Carthage | 9th century BCE | Phoenician (modern-day Lebanon) | Queen | 4 | 8 |
| Diotyma | 5th century BCE | Greek | Priestess, philosopher | 4 | 8 |
| Drusilla, Livia | 59 BCE–29 CE | Roman | Roman empress | 4 | 8 |
| Dubois, Dorothea | 1728–1774 | English | Novelist, playwright | 4 | 8 |
| Marie Dupré | 1650-1700 | French | Scholar, author, poet | 4 | 8 |
| Ebba, Abbess of Coldingham | d.870 | English | Abbess | 4 | 8 |
| Edesie, wife of Hermias | 5th century | Roman | Philosopher | 4 | 8 |
| Egeé | 13th century BCE | North African | Libyan Queen, Amazon warrior | 4 | 8 |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Louis VII of France, and Henry II of England | d.1204 | French | Queen consort, patron of literary figures | 4 | 8 |
| Elizabeth, Queen of England | 1533–1603 | English | Queen, writer, translator | 4 | 8 |
| Elizabeth of France, Queen of Spain | 1546–1568 | French | Queen consort | 4 | 8 |
| Elstob, Elizabeth | 1683–1756 | English | Scholar, author, translations | 4 | 8 |
| Enclos, Ninon de l' | 1620–1705 | French | Author, courtesan, patron of the arts | 4 | 8 |
| Emma, Queen of England | d.1052 | Norman | Queen consort | 4 | 8 |
| Eponina (or Epponina) | 1st century | Roman | Roman matron (wife of Julius Sabinus) | 4 | 8 |
| Erinna | 4th century BCE | Greek | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Estrada, Maria d’ | 15th-16th century | Spanish | Warrior | 4 | 8 |
| Ethelfleda, Queen of Mercia | d.918 | English | Queen | 4 | 8 |
| Eurydice | 5th-4th century BCE | Illyrian | Queen, scholar | 6 | 8 |
| Eusebia, wife of Constance | 4th century | Roman | Roman matron | 4 | 8 |
| Falconberg, Lady daughter of Oliver Cromwell | 1637–1713 | English | daughter of Oliver Cromwell | 4 | 8 |
| Fane, Lady Elizabeth | d.1568 | English | Author | 4 | 8 |
| Fannia (daughter of Paetus Thrasea) | 1st century | Roman | Roman political rebel | 4 | 8 |
| Fayette, Countess de la (Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne) | 1634-1693 | French | Author, novelist | 4 | 8 |
| Fidele, Cassandra | d.1558 | Italian | Scholar, poet | 4 | 8 |
| Fielding, Sarah | 1710–1768 | English | Author, novelist | 4 | 8 |
| Finch, Anne, Countess of Winchelsea | 1661–1720 | English | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Fischer, Mary | d.1698 | English | Quaker zealot | 4 | 8 |
| Foix, Margaret de, Duchess D’Épernon (Marguerite de Foix-Candale) | 1567-1593 | French | Heiress | 4 | 8 |
| Fulvia, wife of Marc Antony | d.40 BCE | Roman | Roman aristocrat, populist leader | 4 | 8 |
| Galigai, Leonora | 1568–1617 | Italian | Alleged witch | 4 | 8 |
| Gethin, Lady Grace | 1676–1697 | English | Scholar, essayist | 4 | 8 |
| Gonzaga, Cecilia de [it] | 1426–1451 | Italian | Scholar, noblewoman | 4 | 8 |
| Gonzaga, Eleonora | 1493–1570 | Italian | Governed Urbino during her husband's exile, patron | 4 | 8 |
| Gonzaga, Isabella de (Elisabetta Gonzaga) | 1471–1526 | Italian | Noblewoman, patron | 4 | 8 |
| Gonzaga, Julia | 1513–1566 | Italian | Noblewoman | 4 | 8 |
| Gonzaga, Lucretia | 1522-1576 | Italian | Noblewoman, writer, scholar | 4 | 8 |
| Gray, Lady Jane | d.1554 | English | Queen of England for 9 days | 4 | 8 |
| Grierson, Constantia | d.1732 | Irish | Scholar, poet, midwife | 4 | 8 |
| Guercheville, Madame de | 1560-1632 | French | Noblewoman, patron | 4 | 8 |
| Guillaume, Jacquette | 17th century | French | Writer | 4 | 8 |
| Guillet, Pernette du | d.1545 | French | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Guyon, Madame (Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte-Guyon) | 1648–1717 | French | Mystic, writer | 4 | 8 |
| Haerin, Lucia (Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford) | 1581–1627 | English | Patron of arts and literature | 4 | 8 |
| Halket, Lady Anna | d.1699 | English | Writer, autobiographer | 4 | 8 |
| Harcourt, Harriet Eusebia | 1705–1745 | English | Nonexistent person, alleged to have established a Protestant nunnery in Richmond | 4 | 8 |
| Hardwick, Elizabeth, (Countess of Shrewsbury) | d.1608 | English | Noblewoman, famous for her building projects | 4 | 8 |
| Hastings, Lady Elizabeth | 1682–1739 | English | Benefactress | 4 | 8 |
| Haywood, Elizabeth | d.1756 | English | Writer, actress, publisher | 4 | 8 |
| Helena Flavia, mother of Constantine the Great | d.330 | Roman | Mother of Emperor Constantine | 4 | 8 |
| Heloise | 12th century | French | Writer, scholar, abbess | 4 | 8 |
| Helpes (Elpis, wife of Boethius) | 5th-6th century | Roman | Learned woman | 4 | 8 |
| Heron, Cecily | 16th century | English | Learned woman | 4 | 8 |
| Hersilia | 8th century BCE | Roman | Wife of Romulus, mediator | 4 | 8 |
| Hildegurdis (Hildegard of Bingen) | d.1179 | German | Christian mystic, abbess | 4 | 8 |
| Hipparchia | 4th century BCE | Greek | Philosopher | 4 | 8 |
| Hopton, Susanna | 1627–1709 | English | Religious writer | 4 | 8 |
| Hortensia | 1st century BCE | Roman | Orator | 4 | 8 |
| Houlieres, Antoinetta de la garde des | 1638–1694 | French | Scholar, philosopher, poet | 4 | 8 |
| Hyde, Ann | 1637–1671 | English | Writer | 4 | 8 |
| Hypatia | d.415 | Greek | Mathematician, philosopher | 4 | 8 |
| Inglis, Esther | 1571–1624 | Scottish | Calligrapher, translator, writer | 4 | 8 |
| Isabella, Queen of Hungary | 1519-1559 | Polish | Queen consort | 4 | 8 |
| Jane, Queen of France | 1338–1378 | French | Queen consort to Charles V | 4 | 8 |
| Jardins, Mary Catherine de | 1640–1683 | French | Author, playwright | 4 | 8 |
| Jars, Mary de, Lady of Gournay | 1565–1645 | French | Author, editor | 4 | 8 |
| Julia Domna | d.217 | Syrian | Roman Empress | 4 | 8 |
| Juliana, anchoret of Norwich | 14th-15th century | English | Mystic, anchorite | 4 | 8 |
| Killigrew, Anne | 1660-1685 | English | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Killigrew, Katherine | d.1583 | English | Scholar | 4 | 8 |
| Labe, Louise | d.1566 | French | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Lambrun, Margaret | 16th century | Scottish | Would-be assassin of Queen Elizabeth I | 4 | 8 |
| Landa, Catherine (Caterina Landi, Countess of Melzo) | d.1587 | Italian | Learned woman, poet | 4 | 8 |
| Lane, Mrs. Jane | d.1689 | English | Assisted in the escape of Charles II | 4 | 8 |
| Leapor, Mary | 1722–1746 | English | Poet | 4 | 8 |
| Legge, Elizabeth | 1580–1685 | English | Learned woman, poet | 4 | 8 |
| Leontium | 4th century BCE | Greek | Philosopher | 4 | 8 |
| Elizabeth, Countess of Lincoln | d.1638 | English | Writer | 4 | 8 |
| Lionna | 6th century BCE | Greek | Greek heroine | 4 | 8 |
| Longvie, Jaquiline de, Duchess of Montpensier | d.1561 | French | Noblewoman | 4 | 8 |
| Lucar, Elizabeth | 1510–1537 | English | Calligrapher | 4 | 8 |
| Lucretia | d.510 BCE | Roman | Roman matron | 4 | 8 |
| Lumley, Joanna Lady | 1537–1578 | English | Scholar, translator | 4 | 8 |
| Macaulay, Mrs. | 1731–1791 | English | Writer, historian | 5 | 9 |
| Maeroe | 4th century BCE | Greek | Learned woman | 5 | 9 |
| Magdalene de St Nectaire | 1526–1575 | French | Protestant heroine of the French Wars of Religion | 5 | 9 |
| Maintenon, Madame de (Francoise d'Aubigne Madame Scarron) | 1635–1719 | French | Influential wife to King Louis XIV of France | 5 | 9 |
| Margaret de Valois, Queen of Navarre (Marguerite d'Angoulême) | 1492–1549 | French | Queen consort, author, patron | 5 | 9 |
| Maria (Mania) | 5th century BCE | Anatolian | Satrap | 5 | 9 |
| Marinelli, Lucrezia | 17th century | Italian | Writer | 5 | 9 |
| Mary, an Anglo-Norman Poetess | 12th-13th century | French | Poet | 5 | 9 |
| Mary, Queen of Hungary | 1505–1558 | Flemish | Queen consort, governor of the Hapsburg Netherlands | 5 | 9 |
| Mary, Queen of Scots | 1542–1587 | Scottish | Queen | 5 | 9 |
| Masham, Damaris Lady | 1659–1708 | English | Philosopher | 5 | 9 |
| Matoaks or Matoaka | 1585–1617 | Algonquian | Native American, assisted Jamestown settlers | 5 | 9 |
| Moesa and Mammea – Julia Avita Mamaea | d.235 | Syrian | Roman matron, daughter of Julia Moesa | 5 | 9 |
| Moesa and Mammea – Julia Moesa | 3rd-4th century | Syrian | Roman politician, sister of Julia Domna | 5 | 9 |
| Molsa, Tarquinia | 1542–1617 | Italian | Singer, poet | 5 | 9 |
| Monk, The Honourable Mrs. | d.1715 | Irish | Poet | 5 | 9 |
| Morata, Olympia Fulvia | 1526–1555 | Italian | Scholar | 5 | 9 |
| Mountfourt, Countess of | d.1374 | French | Duchess of Brittany, war leader | 5 | 9 |
| Nemours, Dutchess of (Marie d'Orléans-Longueville) | 1625–1707 | French | Memoirist | 5 | 9 |
| Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of | 1623–1673 | English | Writer | 5 | 9 |
| North, The Honorable Mrs. Dudley | 1675–1712 | English | Scholar | 5 | 9 |
| Norton, Lady Frances | 1644–1731 | English | Writer, poet | 5 | 9 |
| Octavia, wife of Marc-Antony | d.11 BCE | Roman | Roman matron | 6 | 10 |
| Octavia, wife to Nero | d.62 | Roman | Roman Empress | 6 | 10 |
| Oldfield, Mrs. | 1683–1730 | English | Actress | 6 | 10 |
| Padilla, Maria Pacheco | d.1531 | Spanish | Spanish matron, warrior | 6 | 10 |
| Pakington, Dorothy Lady | 1623–1679 | English | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Parthenai, Anne de | 16th century | French | Learned woman | 6 | 10 |
| Parthenai, Catherine de | 1554-1631 | French | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Paulina (wife of Seneca) | 1st century | Roman | Intellectual | 6 | 10 |
| Perilla | 1st century BCE | Roman | Poet, addressed by Ovid | 6 | 10 |
| Perwich, Susanna | d.1661 | English | Learned woman, musician | 6 | 10 |
| Phila | d.287 BCE | ? | Noblewoman, politician | 6 | 10 |
| Philippa, Queen of England | d.1369 | Flemish | Queen consort, regent | 6 | 10 |
| Phillips, Katherine | d.1664 | English | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Pilkington, Letitia | d.1750 | Irish | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Pix, Mrs. (Mary Pix) | 1666–1709 | English | Novelist, playwright | 6 | 10 |
| Poitiers, Diana de | 1500–1566 | French | Noblewoman, Mistress to Henry II of France | 6 | 10 |
| Porcia, daughter of Cato | d.43 BCE | Roman | Learned woman | 6 | 10 |
| Pozzo, Modesto | 1555–1592 | Italian | Write r | 6 | 10 |
| Praxilla | 5th century BCE | Greek | Lyric poet | 6 | 10 |
| Proba (Valerie Falconia) | 4th century | Roman | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Renata, Duchess of Ferrara (Renée de France) | 1510–1574 | French | Duchess | 6 | 10 |
| Rohan, Anne de | 1584–1646 | French | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Rohan, Marie Eleonore de | 1626–1682 | French | Abbess, writer | 6 | 10 |
| Roland, Madame | 1754–1793 | French | Writer, politician | 6 | 10 |
| Roper, Margaret (daughter of Sir Thomas More) | 1505–1544 | English | Writer, translator | 6 | 10 |
| Roper, Mary (daughter of Margaret Roper) | d.1572 | English | Learned woman, translator | 6 | 10 |
| Rosares, Isabella de | 16th century | Catalan | Preacher | 6 | 10 |
| Rowe, Mrs. Elizabeth | 1674–1737 | English | Poet, novelist | 6 | 10 |
| Rufina, Claudia | 1st century | Roman | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Russel, Lady Elizabeth | d.1609 | English | Poet, musician | 6 | 10 |
| Russel, Lady Rachel | d.1723 | English | Author | 6 | 10 |
| Sade, Laura | d.1348 | French | Petrarch's muse | 6 | 10 |
| Sappho | 7th-6th century BCE | Greek | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Scala, Alexandra | 1475–1506 | Italian | Scholar | 6 | 10 |
| Schurman, Anna Maria | 1607–1678 | German-Dutch | Painter, engraver, poet, scholar | 6 | 10 |
| Scudery, Madeleine de | 1607–1701 | French | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Anne de Seguier | 16th century | French | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Semiramis (based on the historical Shammuramat) | 9th century BCE | Assyrian | Queen | 6 | 10 |
| Seturman, Madame, another name for Anna Maria van Schurman | 1607-1678 | German | Painter, musician, philosopher, scholar | 6 | 10 |
| Sevigne, Marchioness de | 1626–1696 | French | Letter writer | 6 | 10 |
| Seymour, Lady Arabella | 1575–1616 | English | Noblewoman | 6 | 10 |
| Seymour Ladies (Ann)* | 1538-1588 | English | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Seymour Ladies (Jane)* | d.1561 | English | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Seymour Ladies (Margaret)* | 16th century | English | Writer | 6 | 10 |
| Sforza, Catherine | 1483-1509 | Italian | Noblewomen | 6 | 10 |
| Sforza, Isabella | 1503-1561 | Italian | Letter writer | 6 | 10 |
| Sheridan, Mrs. Frances | 1724–1766 | Irish | Novelist, playwright | 6 | 10 |
| Sophronia | 4th century | Roman | Martyr | 6 | 10 |
| Sulpicia (wife of Quintus Fulvius Flaccus) | 3rd century BCE | Roman | Lady of "virtue" | 6 | 10 |
| Sunderland, Countess of (Dorothy Spencer) | 1617–1683 | English | Noblewoman | 6 | 10 |
| Suze, Countess de la (Henriette de Coligny, Comtesse de la Suze) | 1618–1673 | French | Poet, songwriter | 6 | 10 |
| Sydney, Mary, Countess of Pembroke | 1561–1621 | English | Writer, translator | 6 | 10 |
| Tanaquil | 7th-6th century BCE | Roman | Roman queen | 6 | 10 |
| Telesilla | 6th-5th ventury BCE | Greek | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Theano Locrencis (Melica)* | 5th century BCE | Greek | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Theano of Crete* | 6th century BCE | Greek | Poet, philosopher | 6 | 10 |
| Theano Thuria or Metapotino* | 3rd century BCE | Greek | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Thomas, Mrs. (Corinna) | 1675–1731 | English | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Thymele | 1st century | Greek | Poet, composer, mentioned by Martial | 6 | 10 |
| Tishem, Catherine | d.1595 | Flemish | Learned woman | 6 | 10 |
| Tollet, Elizabeth | 1694–1754 | English | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Tymicha | 4th century BCE | Greek | Philosopher | 6 | 10 |
| Valeria | d.315 | Roman | Roman empress, protectoress of Christians | 6 | 10 |
| Valliere, Mademoiselle de la | 1644–1710 | French | Mistress to Louis XIV | 6 | 10 |
| Veturia | 5th century BCE | Roman | Roman matron | 6 | 10 |
| Vigne, Anne de la | 1634–1684 | French | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Warwick, Countess of (Mary Rich) | 1625–1678 | Irish | Benefactress | 6 | 10 |
| Weston, Elizabeth Jane | d.1612 | English-Czech | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Wharton, Anne | 1659–1685 | English | Poet, dramatist | 6 | 10 |
| Winchelsea, Anne Kingsmill Countess of | 1661–1720 | English | Poet | 6 | 10 |
| Zenobia | 3rd century | Syrian | Queen, warrior | 6 | 10 |