OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aby, Lincolnshire

Aby (/ˈeɪbiː/ AY-bee) is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is approximately 30 miles (48 km) east from the city and county town of Lincoln and 8 miles (13 km) south-east from Louth. Aby is part of the civil parish of Aby with Greenfield .

## History

The village's name is of Old Norse origin, and means "village on a river" (Old Norse á, river, and býr, village). The villages of Åby in Sweden and Aaby in Denmark have names of identical origin and meaning. The Great Eau flows through the village.
Aby was mentioned in the Domesday Book. Its lands were owned by Odo who was Bishop of Bayeux and half-brother of William the Conqueror, and Earl Hugh. It had available 27 acres of woodland for the feeding of swine. Swinn Wood still exists today and is a nature reserve.
Aby's 13th-century All Saints Church fell into disrepair and was demolished by Sir Henry Vane in 1660. The stone was removed to Belleau for use on the Manor House. In 1888 a pitch pine chapel was erected on the original site, but all that remains today is the churchyard.
Aby railway station opened in neighbouring Claythorpe in 1848, and closed in 1961. Before the railway line was closed, the village had the distinction of the shortest signal box name on the British network.
The Wesleyan Methodists built a red brick chapel in Aby in 1895. It later closed and is now a private residence.
Aby's public house is The Railway Tavern.
There are no schools in the village; the Aby CofE Primary School, which opened in 1852 was closed in 2009. There are schools in nearby Withern, Alford and Willoughby.

## Landmarks

Five miles south of Aby in Alford, there is the Alford Manor House Museum. The Claythorpe Watermill and Wildfowl Gardens are in Claythorpe, less than a mile away. Church Farm Museum is located in nearby Skegness. Bolingbroke Castle is also nearby in Old Bolingbroke.
vte'Destinations from Aby' :
Muckton Authorpe Louth
Claythorpe Tothill Great Carlton
Withern Strubby Mablethorpe
Belleau Walmsgate Wragby
Aby
Saleby Thoresthorpe Sandilands
South Thoresby Swaby Horncastle
Haugh Ulceby Partney
Greenfield Alford Bilsby :
# Julie Hulleberg

Julie Hulleberg (born 15 June 2001) is a Norwegian handball player for Larvik HK.
As a child, Hulleberg was a multitalent and became a Norwegian champion in Slowdance and was also a talented soccer player.
In 2025, she was selected to represent Norway at the Golden League in March.
# Çıldır, Marmaris

Çıldır is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Marmaris, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 6,767 in 2019.
# OODA loop

The OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act) is a decision-making model developed by United States Air Force Colonel John Boyd. He applied the concept to the combat operations process, often at the operational level during military campaigns. It is often applied to understand commercial operations and learning processes. The approach explains how agility can overcome raw power in dealing with human opponents.

## The OODA loop

As can be seen from the diagram, the OODA loop includes continuous collection of feedback and observations. This enables late commitment, which is an important element of agility. This is in contrast to the PDCA cycle which requires early commitment (the first steps are Plan and Do).

## Use in law and business

The OODA loop has become an important concept in litigation, business, law enforcement, management education, military strategy and cyber security, and cyberwarfare. According to Boyd, decision-making occurs in an iterative cycle of "observe, orient, decide, act". An entity (whether an individual or an organization) that can process this cycle quickly, observing and reacting to unfolding events more rapidly and/or more effectively than an opponent, can thereby get inside the opponent's decision cycle and gain the advantage.
Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, has said he uses the OODA loop in scenario evaluation.

## Criticism

Some scholars are critical of the concept. Aviation historian Michael Hankins, for example, writes that "the OODA loop is vague enough that its defenders and attackers can each see what they want to see in it. For some, the OODA concept’s flexibility is its strength, but for others it becomes so generalized as to lose its usefulness." He concludes that "The OODA loop is merely one way among a myriad of ways of describing intuitive processes of learning and decision making that most people experience daily. It is not incorrect, but neither is it unique or especially profound."
# Jack Boothman

John Henry "Jack" Boothman (12 October 1935 – 10 May 2016) was the 31st president of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) between 1994 and 1997. He was an active member of his local Blessington GAA club in County Wicklow.
He was chairman of the Leinster Council from 1987 until 1989.
He was elected as president of the Association and took up the position in 1994. Boothman championed the abolition of Rule 21, which debarred members of the British security forces from joining the GAA.
However, Boothman opposed the opening up of Croke Park to international soccer and rugby, feeling that it would be a "disastrous mistake" for the GAA to benefit competing sports so significantly.
A member of the Church of Ireland and past pupil of The King's Hospital, Dublin, Boothman was the first Protestant president of the GAA. Until his death at the age of 80 in 2016, he still held the position of President within his own local club.
# Virden, New Mexico

Virden is a village in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 152 at the 2010 census.

## History

Known as Richmond prior to 1916, the area was originally owned by the New Mexico Mining Company, and was the location of a stamp mill for the silver ore mined in nearby Ralston. After the mine was closed, the site was sold in 1916 to Mormons who had left the Mormon Colonies in Chihuahua during the Mexican Revolution. The Mormons renamed the village after the rancher who sold them the land.

## Geography

Virden is located near the northern end of Hidalgo County on the north bank of the Gila River. New Mexico State Road 92 passes through the village, leading northwest 7 miles (11 km) to Duncan, Arizona, and south seven miles to its terminus at U.S. Route 70. Lordsburg, the Hidalgo County seat, is 32 miles (51 km) southeast of Virden via US 70.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Virden has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 143 people, 48 households, and 38 families residing in the village. The population density was 640.1 inhabitants per square mile (247.1/km$^2$). There were 63 housing units at an average density of 282.0 per square mile (108.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 95.10% White, 1.40% African American, 1.40% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.29% of the population.
There were 48 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.1% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.50.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 18.2% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,184. There were 2.6% of families and 14.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 26.1% of under eighteens and 6.7% of those over 64.
# Thallus

Thallus (pl.: thalli), from Latinized Greek θαλλός (thallos), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thalloidal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose.
Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where the structure of a vascular plant is in fact thallus-like, it is referred to as having a thalloid structure, or sometimes as a thalloid.
Although a thallus is largely undifferentiated in terms of its anatomy, there can be visible differences and functional differences. A kelp, for example, may have its thallus divided into three regions. The parts of a kelp thallus include the holdfast (anchor), stipe (supports the blades) and the blades (for photosynthesis).
The thallus of a fungus is usually called a mycelium. The term thallus is also commonly used to refer to the vegetative body of a lichen. In seaweed, thallus is sometimes also called 'frond'.
The gametophyte of some non-thallophyte plants – clubmosses, horsetails, and ferns is termed "prothallus".
# EPTV Sul de Minas

EPTV Sul de Minas (channel 5) is a television station in Varginha, Minas Gerais, Brazil, affiliated with TV Globo, member of EPTV and owned by Grupo EP. EPTV Sul de Minas' studios and transmitter are located on Professora Helena Reis Street, in the downtown of the city.

## History

The station started broadcasting on August 8, 1988. The first local program seen was the local edition of MGTV (which in 1999 was replaced by Jornal Regional, aligning itself with the EPTV stations in São Paulo) presented by Ronaldo Trombini. In an initial phase, the station covered about 100 cities, with an estimated reach of two million people. When São Carlos joined the stations, the group was renamed EPTV.

## Digital television

| Channel | Video | Aspect | Programming |
| 5.1 | 42 UHF | 1080i | Main EPTV Sul de Minas programming / TV Globo |
On February 25, 2010, the minister of the communications Hélio Costa was to Varginha to sign the permission to implantation of the digital signal in the city. EPTV Sul de Minas was the last of the four stations of EPTV to start its digital transmissions, initially over UHF channel 31. Just before ending the test phase, the station migrated to UHF channel 42.
The official launching occurred in June 8, at 12:15 pm, during Jornal da EPTV, in a ceremony that had the presence of the directors of the station, of the mayor of Varginha, Eduardo Corujinha, and of a representant of the city hall of Poços de Caldas. The station passed to produce its programs in high-definition on April 2, 2012. Among the stations of EPTV, it also was the last to receive this change.

### Transition to digital signal

The station planned to shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, on December 31, 2023, following ANATEL's official schedule, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. However, the transition was later delayed indefinitely.
# Denis Ducarme

Denis Ducarme (French pronunciation:; born 23 October 1973 in Watermael-Boitsfort) is a Belgian Walloon politician. As a member of the Reformist Movement, he served as the Federal Minister of the Middle Class, SMEs, Self-employed, Agriculture, Social Integration and Urban Policy in the Michel Government and Wilmès Government from 2017 to 2020 and a member of parliament since 2003.

## Biography

Ducarme is the son of Daniel Ducarme, former Minister-President of Brussels and founding member and first president of the Reformist Movement. Ducarme obtained a master's degree in political sciences, international relations and European integration at the Université libre de Bruxelles.

## Political career

After the 2000 local elections, Ducarme became the Alderman charged with public works, economic affairs, employment and sport of Thuin. He subsequently also became a Provincial Councillor of Hainaut. In 2003, he became a Member of the Chamber of Representatives for Hainaut. In October 2014, he became the leader of the liberal faction in the Chamber. On 28 July 2017, he became the new minister for Middle Class, SMEs, Self-employed, Agriculture, Social Integration charged with the policy on railway systems and the regulation of railway and air traffic.
# 1310s in art

* 1300s
* 1310s in art
* 1320s
The decade of the 1310s in art involved some significant events.

## Events

* 1311: June 9 – Duccio's Maestà altarpiece, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled in Siena Cathedral in Italy.
* 1315: February 12 – Italian sculptor Tino di Camaino is commissioned by the Republic of Pisa to create the statue of the late Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (Enrico VII di Lussemburgo, King of Italy), to be finished in less than six months for the August 24 dedication of Henry's tomb. Camaino delivers the work by July 26.

## Works

* 1313: Giovanni Pisano – monument in memory of Margaret of Brabant
* 1314: Zhang Wo – Celebration in Jade Pool
* 1319: Ambrogio Lorenzetti – Madonna and Child

## Births

* 1310: Giovanni di Agostino – Italian painter (died 1370)
* 1315: Allegretto Nuzi – Italian painter (died 1373)

## Deaths

* 1319: Guan Daosheng – Chinese woman painter during the Yuan Dynasty (born 1262)
* 1319: Duccio – – influential Italian artists of his time (born 1255)
* 1317: Yishan Yining – Chinese Buddhist monk calligrapher, writer, and teacher (born 1247)
* 1315: Giovanni Pisano – Italian sculptor, painter and architect (born 1255)
* 1313: Guglielmo Agnelli – Italian sculptor and architect, born in Pisa (born 1238)
* 1312: Gaddo Gaddi – Italian painter and mosaicist of Florence in a gothic art style (born 1239)
* 1310: Gao Kegong – Chinese painter born during the Yuan dynasty (born 1248)
* 1300/1310: Arnolfo di Cambio – Italian architect and sculptor (born 1240)
# Pyeongtaek Citizen FC

Pyeongtaek Citizen Football Club (Korean: 평택 시티즌 FC)is a semi-professional South Korean football club based in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do. The club was founded in 2017 and plays in the K4 League, the fourth tier of football in South Korea.

## Current squad

    As of 13 February 2025
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | KOR | Kwon Tae-wook |
| 2 | DF | KOR | Lee Woong-hee |
| 3 | DF | KOR | Jeong Hee-seong |
| 4 | DF | KOR | Shim Yeong-seo |
| 5 | DF | KOR | Lee Hyo-jun |
| 6 | MF | KOR | Jeong Min-ui |
| 7 | MF | KOR | Jeong Hyeon-woo |
| 8 | MF | KOR | Ha Geum-seong |
| 9 | FW | KOR | Go Byeong-beom (vice-captain) |
| 10 | MF | KOR | Choi Seong-ho (captain) |
| 11 | DF | KOR | Lee Seung-ho |
| 13 | MF | KOR | Kim Yoon-gyeom |
| 14 | MF | KOR | Kwon Jae-geon |
| 15 | MF | KOR | Hwang Geon |
| 16 | FW | KOR | Song Ho-jun |
| 17 | MF | KOR | Jeon Tae-eun |
| 18 | GK | KOR | Park Ji-hyeon |
| 19 | MF | KOR | Jang Woo-jin |
| 20 | MF | KOR | Jin Hyeon-jun |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 21 | MF | KOR | Lee Chae-woon |
| 22 | DF | KOR | Lee Jun-gi |
| 23 | FW | KOR | Choi Eric |
| 24 | DF | KOR | Kim Hee- mang |
| 27 | FW | KOR | Kim Yeong-ryun |
| 29 | FW | KOR | Ahn Eun-san |
| 30 | FW | KOR | Lee Geon-hyeong |
| 33 | DF | KOR | Yoon Dae -ho |
| 41 | GK | KOR | Lee Gyeong-min |
| 47 | FW | KOR | Jo Woong-gi |
| 50 | DF | KOR | Park Jong-min |
| 55 | MF | KOR | Shin Hee-jun |
| 66 | MF | KOR | Shin Tae-young |
| 70 | FW | KOR | Kim Jin-young |
| 76 | DF | KOR | Lee Su-han |
| 77 | DF | KOR | Jeon Jeong-ho |
| 79 | FW | KOR | Kim Seon-cheol |
| 88 | DF | KOR | Choi Jin-yeol |
| 99 | FW | KOR | Park Joong-hyun |

## Season-by-season records

| Season | Teams | Tier | Placement | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | FA Cup | Notes |
| 2017 | 9 | K3 Basic | 3rd | 16 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 38 | 26 | +12 | 27 | First round | Gained promotion via the playoffs |
| 2018 | 12 | K3 Advanced | 9th | 22 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 28 | 34 | –6 | 25 | Third Round | |
| 2019 | 12 | K3 Advanced | 11th | 22 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 23 | 47 | –24 | 11 | First round | |
| 2020 | 16 | K3 League | 12th | 22 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 24 | 40 | -16 | 23 | First round | |
| 2021 | 15 | K3 League | 15th | 28 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 20 | 38 | -18 | 2 | Second round | 20 point deduction for non-payment of wages; Relegation |
| 2022 | 17 | K4 League | 14th | 32 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 42 | 54 | -12 | 55 | First round | |
| 2023 | 17 | K4 League | 10th | 30 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 52 | 52 | +0 | 37 | Second round | |
| 2024 | 13 | K4 League | 12th | 24 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 39 | 35 | +5 | 25 | Second round | |
# Gopalpura, Uttar Pradesh

Gopalpura (officially named Gopalpura Jagir) is a village in the Jalaun District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
# Avetis Aharonian

Avetis Aharonian (Armenian: Աւետիս Ահարոնեան; 4 January 1866 – 20 March 1948) was an Armenian politician, writer, public figure and revolutionary, also part of the Armenian national movement.

## Biography

Aharonian was born in 1866 in Surmali, Erivan Governorate, Russian Empire (today Iğdır, Turkey). Growing up, he was influenced by the natural features of his birthplace, such as the Aras River and Mount Ararat, both of which were located near Surmali.
His mother, Zardar, was a literate person, who was able to educate her child by teaching him how to read and write. After completing elementary education at the village's school, he was sent to Echmiadzin's Gevorkian Seminary, and graduated from there. He became a teacher for a few years, after which he went to Switzerland's University of Lausanne to study history and philosophy. During this period of time, he met Kristapor Mikaelian, who was then the chief editor of the Troshag (Flag) newspaper and befriends Télémaque Tutundjian de Vartavan, who is in the Faculty of Law since 1900; they decide to join their efforts for the creation of an independent Armenia. He then began to write for the paper. In 1901, upon graduation, he went to study literature at the Sorbonne.
In 1902, he returned to the Caucasus and became the headmaster of the Nersisian School in Tiflis and the chief editor of the Mourj (Hammer) newspaper. Thus, in 1909, he was captured by the Tsar's government and imprisoned in Metekhi's prison, where he fell ill. Two years later, after a generous donation of 20,000 rubles, he fled to Europe.
He returned to the Caucasus in 1917, and chaired the Armenian National Council, which proclaimed the independence of the First Republic of Armenia on 28 May 1918. He signed the Treaty of Batum with the Ottoman Empire.
In 1919, he was the head the Armenian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference with Boghos Nubar, where he signed the Treaty of Sèvres formulating the "Wilsonian Armenia" in direct collaboration with the Armenian Diaspora.
After 1920, Aharonian lived in emigration, in Paris. In 1926, he was nominated to the Nobel Prize for Literature by Antoine Meillet. He suffered a stroke in 1934 and lived for the last fourteen years of his life totally incapacitated. Aharonian died in Marseille in 1948.
His son, Vardges Aharonian, was a writer and activist.

## Photos

* Grave of Avetis Aharonian
* Avetis Aharonyan with his second wife Nvard at the Saint Lazarus Island in Venice in 1920
# Ministry of Internal Affairs (South Sudan)

The Ministry of Interior is a ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The incumbent minister is Hon. Angelina Teny
Part of the ministry are the police, fire brigade, and prison services.

## List of ministers of interior

| Minister of Interior | In office | Party | President | Note(s) |
| Aleu Ayieny Aleu | Since July 2013 | Sudan People's Liberation Movement | Salva Kiir Mayardit | In office |
# Kaja Haugseng

Kaja Horst Haugseng (born 23 September 2001) is a Norwegian handball player who plays for Sola HK in REMA 1000-ligaen and the Norwegian national team.
She made her debut on the Norwegian national team on 21 April 2022, against North Macedonia.

## Personal life

Her father Rune Haugseng was also a professional handball player, and so is her brother Andreas Horst Haugseng.

## Achievements

* Norwegian League
** Bronze: 2021/2022, 2022/2023, 2023/2024
* Norwegian Cup
** Silver: 2022/2023
# True Love (Don Williams album)

True Love is a studio album by the American country musician Don Williams. It was released on August 7, 1990, via RCA Records. The album includes the singles "Back in My Younger Days", "True Love" and "Lord Have Mercy on a Country Boy".

## Production

The album was coproduced by Williams and Garth Fundis. "Just 'Cause I'm in Love with You" is a cover of the Jesse Winchester song.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
The Province wrote that "Williams's classic unadorned signature ... is lukewarm on True Love." The Chicago Tribune deemed the album an "unusually rhythmic collection," writing that Williams's voice "remains as warm as a favorite memory." The Buffalo News opined that "nobody sings about the average lives of average Americans with more poignancy than Don Williams." The Orange County Register noted that "Lord, Have Mercy on a Country Boy" "may be the least preachy and most elegant song yet about the devastation to our environment."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 56 |
# Charles Ashworth

Major-General Sir Charles Ashworth KCB (c. 1784 – 13 August 1832) was an Anglo-Irish major-general, prominent in the Peninsular War.

## Life

He was appointed ensign in the 68th foot in 1798 and lieutenant in 1799. He captain 55th foot in 1801, major 6th West India Regiment in 1808, and major 62nd foot in 1808. He was a lieutenant-colonel with the Portuguese army in 1810, and served as brigadier-general at the battles of Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and St. Pierre, where he was badly wounded.
He took part in the combat of Buenza and succeeding engagements, for which he was honoured with a cross, and allowed, 14 November 1814, to accept the order of the Tower and Sword from the Prince Regent of Portugal. He attained the rank of colonel in 1814, and major-general in 1825; was nominated a companion of the Bath in 1815; and a knight commander on the occasion of the coronation of William IV in September 1831.
He died at Hall Place, St. John's Wood, on 13 August 1832, aged 48.
# Cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents

Cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents (CCNS) refer to a class of pharmaceuticals that act as antitumor agents at all or any phases of the cell cycle.
Alkylating antineoplastic agent and anthracyclins are two examples.