# 1970s in video games

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The 1970s was the first decade in the history of the video game industry. The 1970s saw the development of some of the earliest video games, chiefly in the arcade game industry, but also several for the earliest video game consoles and personal computers.
Notable games released in the 1970s included Computer Space, The Oregon Trail, Pong, Maze, Tank, Colossal Cave Adventure, Death Race, Sea Wolf, Breakout, Zork, Combat, Space Invaders, Lunar Lander, Galaxian, and Asteroids.

## Arcade history

Notable early arcade video games of the early-to-mid-1970s include Computer Space (1971), Pong (1972), Space Race (1973), Gotcha (1973), Speed Race (1974), Gun Fight (1975), Heavyweight Champ (1976), Fonz (1976), Night Driver (1976), Breakout (1976), Death Race (1976), Sea Wolf (1976), and Space Wars (1977).

### Golden age of arcade video games (1978–1979)

Classic arcade games of the late 1970s include Space Invaders (1978), Galaxian (1979), Asteroids (1979), Barrier (1979), Speed Freak (1979), Warrior (1979), Tail Gunner (1979), and Lunar Lander (1979).

## Consoles of the 1970s
### First-generation consoles (1972–1979)

The first generation of consoles were on sale between 1972 and 1980 and included the Magnavox Odyssey, Telstar, Home Pong, and Color TV-Game.
Typical characteristics of the first generation of consoles:
* Discrete transistor-based digital game logic.
* Games were native components of consoles rather than based on external or removable media.
* Entire game playfield occupies only one screen.
* Players and objects consist of very basic lines, dots or blocks.
* Colour graphics are basic (mostly black and white or other dichromatic combination; later games may display three or more colors).
* Either single-channel or no audio.
* Games had a high score based system.
* Lacked features of second generation consoles, such as microprocessor logic, ROM cartridges, flip-screen playfields, sprite-based graphics, and multi-color graphics.

### Second-generation consoles (1976–1983)

The second generation of consoles, on sale between 1976 and 1988, made several leaps forward technologically. Consoles first available in the late 1970s included the Fairchild Channel F, Atari 2600, Bally Astrocade, and Magnavox Odyssey². The first handheld console, the Microvision, was released in 1979.
Typical characteristics of the second generation of consoles:
* Microprocessor-based game logic.
* AI simulation of computer-based opponents, allowing for single-player gaming.
* ROM cartridges for storing games, allowing any number of different games to be played on one console.
* Game playfields able to span multiple flip-screen areas.
* Blocky and simplistic-looking sprites, with a screen resolution of around 160 × 192 pixels.
* Basic color graphics, generally between 2-color (1-bit) and 16-color (4-bit).
* Up to three channel audio.
* Lacked features of third-generation consoles, such as scrolling tile-based playfields.

## Notable video game franchises established in the 1970s
### Arcade

* 280 ZZZAP (1976)
* The Amazing Maze Game (1976)
* Anti-Aircraft (1975)
* Asteroids (1979)
* Astro Fighter (1979)
* Barrier (1979)
* Blockade (1976)
* Breakout (1976)
* Canyon Bomber (1977)
* Circus (1977)
* Computer Space (1971)
* Crash 'N Score (1975)
* Death Race (1976)
* Destruction Derby (1975)
* F-1 (1976)
* Fire Truck (1978)
* Fonz (1976)
* Football (1978)
* Galaxian (1979)
* Galaxy Wars (1979)
* Gee Bee (1978)
* Gotcha (1973)
* Gran Trak 10 (1974)
* Gun Fight (1975)
* Head On (1979)
* Heavyweight Champ (1976)
* Hi-way (1975)
* Indy 4 (1976)
* Indy 800 (1975)
* Jet Fighter (1975)
* LeMans (1976)
* Lunar Lander (1979)
* Night Driver (1976)
* Pong (1972)
* Rebound (1974)
* Sea Wolf (1976)
* Shark Jaws (1975)
* Sheriff (1979)
* Space Invaders (1978)
* Space Race (1973)
* Space Wars (1977)
* Speed Freak (1979)
* Speed Race (1974)
* Sprint (1976)
* Star Fire (1978)
* Steeplechase (1975)
* Stunt Cycle (1976)
* Super Breakout (1978)
* Super Bug (1977)
* Tank (1974)
* Tail Gunner (1979)
* Warrior (1979)

### Home computers and console

* Battlestar Galactica$^1$ (1976)
* Combat (1977)
* Empire (1977)
* dnd (1975)
* Flight Simulator (1979)
* The Oregon Trail (1971)
* Sargon (1978)
* Superman$^1$ (1979)
* Star Trek$^1$ (1979)
* Star Wars$^1$ (1979)
* Zork (1977)
Notes:
* $^1$ Game franchises that also accompany major film or television franchises.

## Financial performance
### Best-selling arcade games of the decade

The following titles were the best-selling arcade games of each year in the 1970s.
| Year | Region(s) | Type | Title | Cabinet sales | Revenue | Inflation | Developer | Manufacturer(s) | Genre |
| 1979 | Worldwide | — | Space Invaders | 750,000 | $1,000,000,000+ | $4,800,000,000+ | Taito | Taito / Midway | Shoot 'em up |
| 1978 | Worldwide | — | Space Invaders | 750,000 | $1,000,000,000+ | $4,800,000,000+ | Taito | Taito / Midway | Shoot 'em up |
| 1977 | Japan | Electro-mechanical | F-1 | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Namco | Namco | Racing |
| 1977 | Japan | Medal game | EVR Race | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Nintendo | Nintendo | Racing |
| 1977 | Japan | Video game | Speed Race DX | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Taito | Taito | Racing |
| 1977 | US | — | Sea Wolf | 10,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Dave Nutting Associates | Midway | Shooter |
| 1976 | US | — | Sea Wolf | 10,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Dave Nutting Associates | Midway | Shooter |
| 1976 | Japan | Electro-mechanical | F-1 | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Namco | Namco | Racing |
| 1976 | Japan | Medal game | EVR Race | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Nintendo | Nintendo | Racing |
| 1976 | Japan | Video game | Ball Park (Tornado Baseball) | Un­known | Un­known | Un­known | Midway Manufacturing | Taito | Sports |
| 1975 | US | Video game | Wheels / Wheels II (Speed Race) | 10,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Taito | Midway | Racing |
| 1974 | US | Video game | Tank | 10,000 | Un­known | Un­known | Kee Games | Kee Games / Atari | Maze |
| 1973 | US | Video game | Pong | 8,000 | $11,000,000 | $78,000,000 | Atari, Inc. | Atari, Inc. | Sports |
| 1972 | US | Video game | Computer Space | 200 | Un­known | Un­known | Syzygy Engineering | Nutting Associates | Space combat |

### Best-selling home systems of the decade

| Rank | System | Release | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | As of |
| 1 | Nintendo Color TV Game | 1977 | Nintendo | Console | First | 2,000,000 | 1979 |
| 2 | Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS) | 1977 | Atari, Inc. | Console | Second | 1,550,000 | 1979 |
| 3 | Coleco Telstar | 1976 | Coleco | Console | First | 1,000,000 | 1976 |
| 4 | TRS-80 | 1977 | Texas Instruments | Computer | 8-bit | 450,000 | 1979 |
| 5 | Magnavox Odyssey | 1972 | Magnavox | Console | First | 367,000 | 1975 |
| 6 | Fairchild Channel F | 1976 | Fairchild Camera and Instrument | Console | Second | 350,000 | 1979 |
| 7 | Epoch TV Baseball | 1978 | Epoch Co. | Console | First | 230,000 | 1979 |
| 8 | Epoch TV Game System 10 | 1977 | Epoch Co. | Console | First | 200,000 | 1979 |
| 9 | Home Pong | 1975 | Atari, Inc. | Console | First | 150,000 | 1975 |
| 9 | NEC PC-8001 | 1979 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit | 150,000 | 1979 |

## Hardware timeline

The following gallery highlights hardware used to predominantly play games throughout the 1970s.
* Pong arcade machine (1972)
* Home Pong console (museum recreation)
* Magnavox Odyssey (1972)
* Death Race (1976)
* Fairchild Channel F (1976)
* Apple II (1977)
* TRS-80 (1977)
* Color TV-Game (1977)
* Atari 2600 (1977)
* Commodore PET (1977)
* Atari CX40 joystick (1978)
* VT100 (1978)
* Intellivision (1979)
* Asteroids (1979)
* Microvision (1979)
* Galaxian (1979)