OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assault on Rutbah Fort (1941)

The Assault on Rutbah Fort was fought during the Anglo-Iraqi War between British and Transjordanian forces and Iraqi forces loyal to Rashid Ali.

## Background

On 1 May 1941, forces loyal to Rashid Ali occupied the fort at Rutbah. An advanced party from Habforce was dispatched to combat them.

## Conflict

On 8 May 1941, a column of the Arab Legion, under Glubb Pasha, reached the fort at Rutbah. They picketed the ground surrounding the fort, to wait for the impending Royal Air Force bombardment. The fort was defended by approximately 100 policemen, the majority of which were Iraqi Desert Police. The H4-based Blenheims of No. 203 Squadron RAF arrived and bombed the fort, and thinking that the fort had surrendered, left. The fort did not surrender and the RAF returned twice that day to bomb the fort without success.
The next day, the RAF continued to bomb the fort at intermittent intervals. One plane sustained such heavy small-arms fire that it crashed on the way back to the airfield, killing the pilot. That evening, 40 trucks armed with machine guns arrived at the fort to reinforce the garrison. Half of the trucks were irregulars under the command of Fawzi al-Qawuqji and the other half were Iraqi Desert Police. Glubb decided to withdraw his soldiers back to H3 to await the reinforcement of the main column.
The Arab Legion arrived back at H3 on the morning of 10 May, and found No. 2 Armoured Car Company RAF under Squadron Leader Michael Casano waiting there. The squadron had been sent up ahead of the main column to assist the Arab Legion in taking Rutbah. Casano took his armoured cars to Rutbah whilst the Arab Legion replenished their supplies at H3. Casano's armoured cars fought an action against al-Qawuqji's trucks for most of the rest of the day, and although the result was not decisive the trucks retired to the east under the cover of dark to leave the garrison to its fate. That night the RAF succeeded in a night bombing, with several bombs landing inside the fort.
Following the withdrawal of al-Qawuqji's trucks and the successful bombing by the RAF, the garrison withdrew from the fort under the cover of dark. In the morning on the day of the 11 May, the Arab Legion column arrived and garrisoned the fort whilst Casson's armoured cars continued to fight remnants of the Iraqi Desert Police's forces. During the day, James Joseph Kingstone, the commander of Kingcol, along with some of his staff and a protective troop of the Blues and Royals and Life Guards, departed H3 for the fort at Rutbah. Leaving his protective troop at the edge of the town, Kingstone and Somerset de Chair, his assistant, proceeded on to the fort and met with Glubb Pasha.

## Aftermath

A film of the conflict was produced by British Pathé and published on 9 June 1941 as 'The War In Iraq'.
# Paul Johnson Three-Decker

The Paul Johnson Three-Decker is a historic triple decker house in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1908, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as a locally significant example of a Queen Anne Victorian triple-decker. It has since been compromised by the removal of many of those features.

## Description and history

The Paul Johnson Three-Decker is located in eastern Worcester, on the west side of Stanton Street just north of its junction with Belmont Street (Massachusetts Route 9, a major east-west route through the city). The house is a three-story frame structure, covered by a hip roof. Its exterior is finished in synthetic siding. The main facade is divided into a polygonal window bay on the left, and a stack of porches on the right. When built, the porches featured turned posts and balustrades; the balustrades were replaced by siding in the 1920s, and the posts were probably replaced by conventional square posts in the 1990s or 2000s. The house's original siding included bands of decorative shingling between the floors, and wooden clapboards elsewhere.
The house was built about 1908, a period when the Belmont Street area was being built out with residences for workers at the city's large steel and wire factories. Most of the workers who settled in this area were Scandinavian (Swedish and Finnish) immigrants. Paul Johnson, the building's first owner, was a pattern maker; early tenants included machinists, an electrician, and a carpenter.
# Palestine–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Official relations between the two countries of Palestine and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara) do not exist, being as neither country is fully recognised internationally. Despite this, there are informal connections.

## History and modern relations

Both nations have an Arab majority. The future founder of Polisario Front, El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed, used to meet Palestinian leaders during 1970s in Lebanon, in which he was influenced by the Israeli occupation. Fearing a future Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara, the Polisario Front was established, in a similar format to the PFLP. The flag of Western Sahara draws from the flag of Palestine. The influence of the Sahrawi independence movement draws a level of sympathy toward Sahrawis among Palestinians.
George Habash, one of the founders of Palestine's PLO, met with Brahim Ghali in 1979 and indicated solidarity with the Western Saharan cause. Both countries share similar styles of struggling, including conducting guerrilla warfare, against both Israel and Morocco.
In 2016, the Palestinian Solidarity Committee with Western Sahara was banned from entering Gaza by Hamas.

### 2023 Israel–Hamas war

On 10 October 2023, the Polisario Front expressed support for the Palestinian people. On 15 October, Sahrawi Ambassador to Algeria, Abdelkader Taleb Omar, met with the PFLP political representative to Algeria, Nader Qaisi, at the Sahrawi Embassy in Algiers. SADR was among the countries that condemned Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion.
# 1949 Hamilton Wildcats season

The 1949 Hamilton Wildcats season was the ninth in franchise history and second for the club in Interprovincial Rugby Football Union. This would also be the last season for the Wildcats as the club would merge with the Hamilton Tigers following this season.
The Wildcats finished in 4th place in the IRFU with a 0–12 record and did not qualify for the playoffs.

## Preseason

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record |
| A | Aug 24 | Hamilton Tigers | W 24–5 | 1–0 |

## Regular season
### Season standings

Interprovincial Rugby Football Union :
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| Ottawa Rough Riders | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 261 | 170 | 22 |
| Montreal Alouettes | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 295 | 204 | 16 |
| Toronto Argonauts | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 209 | 254 | 10 |
| Hamilton Wildcats | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 147 | 284 | 0 |

### Season schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record |
| 1 | Sept 3 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 18–26 | 0–1 |
| 1 | Sept 5 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 14–36 | 0–2 |
| 2 | Sept 10 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | L 16–38 | 0–3 |
| 3 | Sept 17 | at Ottawa Rough Riders | L 12–19 | 0–4 |
| 4 | Sept 24 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | L 11–14 | 0–5 |
| 5 | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye |
| 6 | Oct 8 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 10–11 | 0–6 |
| 6 | Oct 10 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 8–29 | 0–7 |
| 7 | Oct 15 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | L 7–12 | 0–8 |
| 7 | Oct 16 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 16–29 | 0–9 |
| 8 | Oct 22 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | L 6–22 | 0–10 |
| 9 | Oct 30 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 18–29 | 0–11 |
| 10 | Nov 5 | at Ottawa Rough Riders | L 11–19 | 0–12 |
# Czarnów, Lubusz Voivodeship

Czarnów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górzyca, within Słubice County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Górzyca, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Słubice, and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
# Kalvträskskidan

Kalvträskskidan ("the Kalvträsk ski") is among the oldest skis ever found.

## Discovery

The Kalvträsk ski was found in the autumn of 1924, as a group of men digging a ditch through a mire near the village of Kalvträsk close to Skellefteå, Sweden encountered some wooden objects at a depth of 1.5 metres. They carefully extracted the objects that turned out to be two skis measuring 204 cm by 15.5 cm and a shovel shaped ski pole measuring 156 cm. The objects were kept in a shed that winter before being turned into a museum the following summer. By that time one of the skis had started to wither and fall apart, so that only a few fragments of it remain. Thankfully the other ski is still more or less intact.

## Analysis

An original dating using pollen analysis of pollen from the site suggested that the skis were 4000 years old, but later carbon dating has shown evidence that they are around 5200 years old, i.e. older than the pyramids of ancient Egypt. An analysis made in 1992 by the Forest Sciences faculty of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences showed that the skis were made from pine that had grown in a slope, causing the wood to become denser than ordinary. This shows good craftmansship, since this type of wood has been favoured by ski makers in more recent times as well. Each ski had four holes for the bindings, which corresponds well with ancient skis found in Siberia, but not typical of other skis found in Scandinavia. The ski pole is similar to ski poles used in historic times by the Sami people in northern Scandinavia.
The ski is kept at the ski exhibition in the Västerbottens Museum in Umeå.
# Manfred McGeer

Manfred McGeer (November 29, 1893 – January 22, 1955) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1940 to 1941 from the electoral district of Mackenzie, a member of the Liberal party.
# Japanese destroyer Kishinami

Kishinami (岸波, "Shore Waves") was a Yūgumo-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

## Design and description

The Yūgumo class was a repeat of the preceding Kagerō class with minor improvements that increased their anti-aircraft capabilities. Their crew numbered 228 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured 119.17 meters (391 ft 0 in) overall, with a beam of 10.8 meters (35 ft 5 in) and a draft of 3.76 meters (12 ft 4 in). They displaced 2,110 metric tons (2,080 long tons) at standard load and 2,560 metric tons (2,520 long tons) at deep load. The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of 52,000 shaft horsepower (39,000 kW) for a designed speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph).
The main armament of the Yūgumo class consisted of six Type 3 127-millimeter (5.0 in) guns in three twin-gun turrets, one superfiring pair aft and one turret forward of the superstructure. The guns were able to elevate up to 75° to increase their ability against aircraft, but their slow rate of fire, slow traversing speed, and the lack of any sort of high-angle fire-control system meant that they were virtually useless as anti-aircraft guns. They were built with four Type 96 25-millimeter (1.0 in) anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but more of these guns were added over the course of the war. The ships were also armed with eight 610-millimeter (24.0 in) torpedo tubes in a two quadruple traversing mounts; one reload was carried for each tube. Their anti-submarine weapons comprised two depth charge throwers for which 36 depth charges were carried.

## Construction and career

Kishinami assisted in sinking the submarine USS Trout on 29 February 1944, with the loss of all 81 hands at the position 22°40′N 131°45′E﻿ / ﻿22.667°N 131.750°E﻿ / 22.667; 131.750. At the Battle of the Philippine Sea, she was assigned to the Van Force. In the Battle of Leyte Gulf the ship was assigned to the 1st Diversion Attack Force. She rescued survivors of the sinking cruiser Atago, including Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita. The destroyer suffered minor damage from near misses and strafing on 24–25 October. She ran aground on a reef on 28 October off Brunei, her top speed was reduced to 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). The ship was repaired at Singapore in mid-November.
On 2 December 1944, Kishinami departed Manila, escorting Hakko Maru back to Singapore. On 4 December she was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine USS Flasher west of Palawan Island at 13°12′N 116°37′E﻿ / ﻿13.200°N 116.617°E﻿ / 13.200; 116.617. Ninety members of her crew were killed, including Commander Mifune; 150 survivors rescued by Yurishima and CD-17. Also among the dead was Ensign Susumu Nagumo, son of Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo.
On 10 January 1945, Kishinami was removed from the Navy List.
# Paul Marshall House

Paul Marshall House is a historic home located at Plattsburgh in Clinton County, New York. It was built about 1828 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, stone-and-brick structure on a stone foundation in the Federal style. It features a dressed stone facade and corbelled stone chimneys.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Buszewko, Lubusz Voivodeship

Buszewko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Krajeńskie, within Strzelce-Drezdenko County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
# Ritabrata Munshi

Ritabrata Munshi (born 14 September 1976 in Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal) is an Indian mathematician specialising in number theory. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, the highest science award in India, for the year 2015 in mathematical science category.
He is known for his contributions to the sub-convexity problem for automorphic L-functions. In a series of papers published in 2015 he introduced a new approach, based on the circle method, and was able to establish sub-convex bounds for genuine degree three L-functions. Later he extended his method to the case of GL(3)xGL(2) Rankin-Selberg convolutions. These cases were earlier considered beyond the reach of known techniques.
He is affiliated to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, and the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. Munshi obtained PhD degree from Princeton University in 2006 under the guidance of Andrew John Wiles. After that he was a Hill Assistant Professor at the Rutgers University and worked with Henryk Iwaniec. During 2009–2010 he was a member at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
Munshi was awarded the Swarna-Jayanti fellowship by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India in 2012. He also received the B.M. Birla Science prize in 2013, and was elected a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 2016. For his outstanding contributions to analytic aspects of number theory, he was awarded the Infosys Prize 2017 in Mathematical Sciences. On 8 November 2018 he was awarded the ICTP Ramanujan Prize in a ceremony held at the Budinich Lecture Hall, ICTP. In 2018 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM). In both 2018 and 2019, he was named a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist. He was elected a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 2020.
He serves in the editorial board of The Journal of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society and the Hardy-Ramanujan journal.
# Czartowo, Lubusz Voivodeship

Czartowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drezdenko, within Strzelce-Drezdenko County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
# Akhund Qeshlaq

Akhund Qeshlaq (Persian: اخوندقشلاق) is a village in Benajuy-ye Gharbi Rural District of the Central District in Bonab County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 4,409 in 1,096 households. The following census in 2011 counted 4,765 people in 1,391 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 4,611 people in 1,436 households.
# Ines Steffens

Ines Steffens is the editor-in-chief of Eurosurveillance. She succeeded Karl Ekdahl in this role in 2011.

## Career

Prior to joining Eurosurveillance, Steffens worked at the Robert Koch Institute, where she was editor-in-chief of the Epidemiologisches Bulletin [de], Germany's national epidemiology journal. She joined Eurosurveillance as managing editor in 2006 and became editor-in-chief in 2011. She spoke on behalf of Eurosurveillance at the 2015 International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Steffens is a member of the editorial board of the European Food Safety Authority's journal. She was a member of the European Association of Science Editors' Gender Policy Committee and the peer review committee in 2017. In addition, she was a member of the association's programme committee for the 2020 conference where she presented a virtual talk on how the COVID-19 pandemic had affected Eurosurveillance

## Education

Steffens studied medicine at University of Mainz, graduating in 1994. In 2000, while studying at Technische Universität Berlin, she co-signed a letter published by the Verein Demokratischer Pharmazeutinnen und Pharmazeuten [ de] (association of pharmacists) defending Rolf Rosenbrock [de] of espionage accusations.
# Hadji Hassan Mahala

Hadji Hassan Mahala (Bulgarian: Хаджи Хасан махала, romanized: Hadzhi Hasan Mahala) is a Roma ghetto in Plovdiv, Bulgaria dating to 1400s. With a population of 8,000, residents generally regard themselves as being of the Turkish ethnicity. They do not identify themselves as part of the communities living in Stolipinovo and Sheker Mahala. Its name comes from a mosque, itself named after a Turkish military leader who may have founded the neighborhood.
# Akhona Makalima

Akhona Zennith Makalima (born 27 March 1988) is an international football referee from South Africa who is a listed international referee for FIFA since 2014. She officiates for FIFA, COSAFA, the Premier Soccer League, and the South African Football Association (SAFA).
She was the first female referee to officiate in the Premier Soccer League.
She holds a national diploma in human resource management from King Hintsa FET College and currently works administrator for the Department of Sport.
On 9 January 2023, FIFA appointed her to the officiating pool for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup in Australia.
She officiated the 2023 AFCON as a VAR referee.
She officiated as the VAR referee at the 2024 CAF Super Cup.
# Right Here, Right Now

Right Here, Right Now or Right Here Right Now may refer to:

## Films

* Right Here, Right Now (film), a 2003 short film by Anand Gandhi
* Right Here Right Now (2004 film), by Matthew Newton

## Books

* Right Here, Right Now (book), a 2018 nonfiction book by Stephen Harper
* Right Here, Right Now, a 1999 novel by Trey Ellis

## Music
### Albums and videos

* Right Here, Right Now (David Benoit album) or the title song, 2003
* Right Here Right Now (Jordin Sparks album) or the title song, 2015
* Right Here, Right Now (video), by Atomic Kitten, 2002
* Right Here Right Now Tour, a concert tour by Van Halen, 1993
* Live: Right Here, Right Now, an album by Van Halen, 1993
* Right Here, Right Now, an album by Russ Taff, 1999
* Right Here, Right Now, a 2023 documentary about the Big Beach Boutique II concert
* Right Here, Right Now, the 2022 production by Carolina Crown Drum and Bugle Corps

### Songs

* "Right Here Right Now" (BWO song), 2009
* "Right Here, Right Now" (Charlie Major song), 1999
* "Right Here, Right Now" (Fatboy Slim song), 1998
* "Right Here, Right Now" (Giorgio Moroder song), featuring Kylie Minogue, 2015
* "Right Here, Right Now" (High School Musical song), 2008
* "Right Here, Right Now" (Jesus Jones song), 1990
* "Right Here, Right Now (My Heart Belongs to You)", by Agnes Carlsson, 2005; covered by Raffaëla Paton, 2006
* "Right Here Right Now", by Abhishek Bachchan and Sunidhi Chauhan from the soundtrack of the film Bluffmaster!, 2005
* "Right Here Right Now", by KISS from Monster, 2012
* "Right Here, Right Now", by Kylie Minogue from Let's Get to It, 1991
* "Right Here, Right Now", by San Holo
# Drew Romig

Andrew "Drew" Romig (born March 25, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Charlotte Independence in USL League One.

## Club career

Romig signed with United Soccer League club Richmond Kickers in 2014.
In 2016, Romig went to play college soccer at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In four seasons with the Tar Heels, Romig made 8 appearances.
During his time at college, Romig played in the USL PDL with Wilmington Hammerheads and San Francisco City.
In 2021, Romig played with USL League Two side South Georgia Tormenta 2.
On March 7, 2022, Romig signed with USL Championship club Memphis 901 ahead of their 2022 season. He left Memphis following the 2023 season.
Romig joined Charlotte Independence in USL League One on February 7, 2025.
# Droop Mountain

Droop Mountain is a small mountain in the Allegheny Mountains on the border of Greenbrier and Pocahontas counties in southeastern West Virginia. It was the scene of one of West Virginia's most important battles during the American Civil War—the Battle of Droop Mountain.
Droop Mountain, rising 3597 feet above sea level, is located southwest of Hillsboro, West Virginia, on U.S. Route 219. During the Civil War, it formed a barrier to north-south passage along the west bank of the Greenbrier River, blocking troop movements. A determined Union attack on November 6, 1863, successfully drove off Confederate defenders, essentially ending Confederate resistance in West Virginia.
Much of the mountain is now part of Droop Mountain Battlefield State Park, encompassing the preserved Civil War battlefield. The mountain is also home to the unincorporated town of Droop, West Virginia.
The mountain most likely was so named on account of its "drooping" outline.
# Prestel (surname)

Prestel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Johann Gottlieb Prestel (1739–1808), German painter
* Maria Katharina Prestel (1747–1794), German painter and wife of Johann
* Robert L. Prestel (born 1936), American intelligence official and mathematician
* Jim Prestel (born 1937), American football player
# William Anson McCleverty

General William Anson McCleverty (11 February 1806 – 6 October 1897) was a British soldier who served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army from 1867 to 1871.

## Early life

Born the son of Major General Robert McCleverty, McCleverty was commissioned in the 48th Regiment of Foot in 1824.

## Military career

McCleverty served in campaigns against the Maharajah of Coorg (1834) and in New Zealand during the Wanganui Campaign (1847). He lived in New Zealand from 1846 to 1857, and later returned to New Zealand for another period. Promoted to major-general, he became commander of Madras district in 1860, General Officer Commanding South-Eastern District in October 1866 and Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army in November 1867 before retiring from that post in March 1871.
From 1868 to 1875 he held the colonelcy of the 108th (Madras Infantry) Regiment of Foot from which he transferred as colonel in 1875 to the 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot, continuing on its amalgamation in 1881 as colonel of the 1st Battalion of the resultant Northamptonshire Regiment, a position he held until his death. He was promoted to the rank of general on 17 March 1876.
McCleverty died on 6 October 1897 at the age of ninety-one.

## Art

McCleverty painted in watercolours and several of his works are held by the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington and the National Library of Australia in Canberra.