# Margaret Gardner

Margaret Elaine Gardner AC FASSA (born 19 January 1954) is an Australian academic, economist and university executive serving as the 30th and current governor of Victoria since August 2023. She was previously the vice-chancellor of Monash University from 2014 to 2023 and the president and vice-chancellor of RMIT University from 2005 to 2014.

## Education

Gardner earned a Bachelor of Economics degree with first class honours from the University of Sydney and later a PhD with a thesis on Australian industrial relations.
After her PhD, Gardner received a Fulbright scholarship and studied at the University of California, Berkeley, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cornell University.

## Career

Gardner has authored, co-authored and edited a number of texts in the fields of industrial relations and human resource management. Between 1998 and 2002, as chair of two major Queensland Government taskforces, Gardner authored three government reviews: Queensland Industrial Relations Legislation, Pathways Articulation Through the Post-Compulsory Years of School to Further Education Training and Labour Market Participation.
Gardner served in executive positions with Deakin University, Griffith University and the Queensland University of Technology.
Gardner was the deputy vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland. She was appointed vice-chancellor of RMIT University on 4 April 2005, taking over from care-taker vice-chancellor Chris Whitaker. Prior to Gardner's appointment in 2005, RMIT was experiencing a regular budget shortfall of A$24 million. After her first year as vice-chancellor, the university reported a $23.2 million surplus. This surplus increased to A$50.1 million by 2007. The change in financial situations was arranged through selling the university's real estate holdings, increasing student fees by 9% annually, and firing 180 university staff.
Gardner was the 9th vice-chancellor of Monash University from September 2014 until August 2023 when she was appointed as Governor of Victoria. At the time of her retirement from Monash University, Gardner was Australia's highest-paid vice-chancellor, earning nearly $1.6 million, an increase of $190K from the previous year.
Gardner was the chair of Universities Australia from 2017 to 2019, Chair of the Group of Eight (Australian universities) from 2020 to 2023, president of RMIT International University Holdings Pty. Ltd. and the Museum Board of Victoria, chair of the Australian Technology Network and of the Education Advisory Group of the Council for Australia-Latin America Relations, and director of the Australian Teaching and Learning Council.

## Governor of Victoria

On 5 June 2023, it was announced that Gardner would become the next governor of the state of Victoria, commencing on 9 August. Gardner replaced Linda Dessau, whose tenure ended at the end of June. In the interim, the Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria, James Angus, served as acting governor until Gardner's term commenced.

## Controversies
### Sham redundancies

Gardner has a strong academic background in industrial relations. She has written widely on the subject including a 662-page tome: Employment relations : industrial relations and human resource management in Australia. In 2011 whilst vice-chancellor of RMIT, Gardner overturned the findings of an internal RMIT redundancy review committee (RRC) and unlawfully terminated the employment of social sciences professor Judith Bessant. The RRC found that fair process had not been followed by the university and that there had been a failure of natural justice. Despite these findings, Gardner decided to proceed to make Bessant redundant.
On behalf of Bessant, the National Tertiary Education Union launched an "adverse action" claim against RMIT and Gardner in the Federal Court of Australia. The presiding judge, Justice Gray, was highly critical of Gardner's management of the case, especially given her considerable experience in industrial relations. In deciding the case, Gray also said he took into consideration the "apparent determination" by Gardner to "ignore her knowledge of Professor Hayward's animosity towards Professor Bessant". He also found that Gardner displayed a lack of contrition for what the court found to be a blatant contravention of workplace laws.
The Federal Court reinstated Bessant and indicated that she would be entitled to approximately $2 million in compensation if she was not reinstated. The court also ordered RMIT to pay a civil penalty of $37,000 for two contraventions of the Fair Work Act 2009 as a warning to employers of the risks of using "sham" redundancies as a means for dismissing difficult employees. The case was reported in the national media in addition to becoming an important case study that is widely discussed on legal websites. Bessant later published a personal account of the case.

### Wage theft

While Gardner was vice-chancellor and president of Australia's largest university, she presided over $8.6 million in underpayments to casual academic staff. Over six years, more than 2000 teachers had their rightful wages and entitlements withheld.
In 2022, Monash University and their lawyers Clayton Utz made an application to the Fair Work Commission to retrospectively rewrite clauses and vary the Monash University Enterprise Agreement. They did this by trying to clarify use of the term "contemporaneous consultation" with students around lectures and tutorials. The university sought to have the enterprise agreement amended to define contemporaneous as meaning "within a week of the lecture". National Tertiary Education Union president Alison Barnes accused Monash of the "height of employer bastardry". She said that "They negotiated that enterprise bargaining agreement in good faith and to try to alter it is extraordinary." If this had been successful, it would have resolved some of the university's underpayment liabilities and negated the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) underpayment claim. The Fair Work Commission's deputy president ultimately rejected the application by Monash University, ruling staff were entitled to the enterprise agreement they had agreed to in good faith.
On 23 September 2021, Gardner and the university unreservedly apologised to all staff and their NTEU representatives, later reiterating this apology before the Senate standing committee.

### Investments and conflicts of interest

In 2016, Gardner and her husband, Glyn Davis, the vice chancellor of the University of Melbourne, invested $166,000 in software company Vericus (developers of Cadmus) where their son, Rhys Davis, was chief technical officer. Cadmus was a controversial new anti-cheating software that emerged from a research project in 2015 before being developed and trialled by Vericus at the University of Melbourne. Cadmus received a substantial government grant under the now defunct Accelerating Commercialisation Grant scheme. The University of Melbourne claimed Davis declared the conflict of interest and “rigorously excluded himself from any discussion of Cadmus matters”. Cadmus was later adopted widely by the university sector including the University of Melbourne.

### Farewell party

In 2023, Monash University threw a lavish $127,000 black-tie farewell party for Gardner at the National Gallery of Victoria. When details of this were discovered through Freedom Of Information, it provoked outrage from university students and staff. This took place at the same time as the university was facing a multimillion-dollar wage theft claim from casual academics and the National Tertiary Education Union in the Federal Court of Australia.
At the time of her retirement from Monash University, Gardner was Australia's highest paid vice-chancellor on nearly $1.6 million, up $190K on the year before.

## Honours
### Orders

* 26 January 2020: Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) "For eminent service to tertiary education through leadership and innovation in teaching and learning, research and financial sustainability."
* 26 January 2007: Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "For service to tertiary education, particularly in the areas of university governance and gender equity; and to industrial relations in Queensland".

### Organisations

* September 2018: Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.

### Appointments

* 2023: Colonel of the Royal Victoria Regiment.
* 2023: Deputy Prior of the Order of St John.

### Honorary appointments

* 13 November 2024: Honorary Commodore, Royal Australian Navy.

#### Awards

* 2022: Honorary doctorate, Griffith University

## Personal life

Gardner is married to Glyn Davis who is the secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in the Albanese government and was previously vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne. Between September–October 2024, Margaret visited the Harrow Bush Nursing Centre.