OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George E. Spencer

George Eliphaz Spencer (November 1, 1836 – February 19, 1893) was an American politician and a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama who also served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Champion, New York, Spencer was the son of Gordon Percival and Deborah Mallory Spencer. He was educated at Montreal College in Canada. After relocating to Iowa he engaged in the study of law. During the Pike's Peak Gold Rush he briefly relocated to Colorado where in November 1859 he founded the town of Breckenridge and also lived at Golden from 1859-1860. He married English author Bella Zilfa in 1862.

## Career

During the American Civil War, Spencer enlisted as a captain on October 16, 1862. While serving on the staff of Brig. Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, he requested a transfer to the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, a volunteer regiment made up of Southern Unionists, which did not have a permanent commander. Receiving a promotion to colonel, he led the regiment from September 11, 1863, until his resignation on July 5, 1865.
After the war, Spencer returned to Alabama to practice law. His wife died of typhoid fever in 1867. For a time he served as register in bankruptcy for the fourth district of Alabama.
Elected as a Republican to the United States Senate upon readmission of Alabama to the Union, Spencer served from July 13, 1868, to March 3, 1879. The Ku Klux Klan and their supporters accused him of corruption and rewarding supporters in the legislature with patronage positions, allegations which he denied.
He was appointed a commissioner of the Union Pacific Railroad with help from his previous leader, Major General Dodge. In 1877, he married prominent actress May Nunez, the niece and namesake of one-armed Confederate General William Wing Loring (May's given names at birth were "William Wing"). The couple then spent two years on a ranch in Nevada tending to mining interests before settling in Washington, D.C., about 1880.

## Death

Spencer died in Washington, D.C., on February 19, 1893 (age 56). He is interred at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
# NBCN

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# Spata family

The Spata family (Albanian: Shpata) was an Albanian noble family which rose to prominence in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, initially as Venetian vassals and later as Ottoman vassals. The family's progenitors were the brothers Gjin Bua Shpata and Skurra Bua Shpata. Shpata means "sword" in Albanian.

## History

In the first half of the 14th century, mercenaries, raiders and migrants known in Greek as Άλβανοί (Albanoi or "Albanians") flooded into Greece (specifically raiding Thessaly in 1325 and 1334). In 1358, Albanians got regions of Epirus, Acarnania and Aetolia under their rule and established two principalities under their leaders, Gjin Bua Shpata and Pjetër Losha. Naupactus (Lepanto) was later taken in 1378. The Shpata family frequently collaborated with the Ottomans and saw them as protectors.
Although German historian Karl Hopf provided a genealogy of the Shpata family, it is deemed by modern scholarship as "altogether inaccurate".
According to Schirò, Shpata family was not kin (blood relatives) with the later Bua family. However this theory is rejected and their first name was Bua, while the name Spata appears to them as a second name, creating a cadet branch of the Buas.

## Family tree

* Pjetër Bua Shpata
** Gjin Bua Shpata, married Helena Preljubović
*** Irene Shpata, married Unknown Shpata, Unknown Marchesano of Naples, Esau de' Buondelmonti
**** Muriq Shpata, married Nerata
***** Unknown Shpata, married Giorgio de' Buondelmonti
***** Unknown Shpata, married Simon Zenebishi
***** Unknown Shpata, married Carlo II Tocco
**** Jakup Bua Shpata, married daughter of Muriki Bua
**** Carlo Marchesano, married daughter of Carlo I Tocco
**** Maddalena de' Buondelmonti, died in 1402
** Skurra Bua Shpata
*** Pal Shpata
*** Unknown Shpata, married Lalthi
*** Petronella Shpata, married Ercole Tocco
**** Carlo Tocco
**** Leonardo Tocco
*** Sterina Shpata, married Francesco Foscari
** Unknown Shpata
** Unknown Shpata
*** Peter Lord of Katochi
Source:
# Lay Me by the Shore

Lay Me by the Shore is a 2022 Canadian short drama film, written and directed by David Findlay. Acted by a cast of non-professional teen actors, the film stars Isla Pouliot as Noah, a transgender teenager trying to navigate his grief over the death of his best friend in an accident as he completes his final months of high school.
Its cast also includes Kai Smith, Aslan Campbell, Gwenna Cooper, Nicky Lee Evans, Vivi Harder and Brennan Smart.
The film premiered in the Generation14Plus program at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival.
The film was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2022.
# New Weird America

New Weird America is a 21st-century style of music that primarily draws on psychedelic and folk music of the 1960s and 1970s.

## Etymology

The term was coined by David Keenan in the issue 234 (August 2003) of The Wire, following the Brattleboro Free Folk Festival organized by Matt Valentine and Ron J. Schneiderman. It is a play on Greil Marcus's phrase "Old Weird America" as described in his book Invisible Republic, which deals with the lineage connecting the pre-World War II folk performers on Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music to Bob Dylan and his milieu.

## Free Folk

The Brattleboro Free Folk Festival was the summit gathering of the Free Folk scene that was largely centered in Massachusetts, Vermont, and Connecticut. The festival included Dredd Foole, Sunburned Hand of the Man, MV & EE, all members of Charalambides in different configurations, Jack Rose, Chris Corsano, Joshua, and Paul Flaherty –– most of whom operated out of the Pioneer Valley area. The scene drew on a wide range of musical influences, which Keenan summed up as "acoustic roots to drone, ritualistic performance, Krautrock, ecstatic jazz, hillbilly mountain music, psychedelia, archival blues and folk sides, Country funk and more." Adding, "ask any of these musicians where the initial energising spark for the New Weird America came from and they'll point you right back to Dredd Foole's epochal 1994 solo album, In Quest of Tense."
This largely underground scene, which also incorporated musicians from outside the region, including Six Organs of Admittance and Charalambides, was generally referred to as Free Folk, as named by Matt Valentine. Wrote Keenan:
   Mostly based outside of the major US cities, disparate, culturally disenfranchised cells have begun to telegraph between each other, forming alliances via limited handmade releases and a vast subterranean network of samizdat publications, musician- and fan-run labels and distributors like Apostacy, Child of Microtones, Eclipse, Ecstatic Yod, Fusetron, Qbico, Seres, Siwa, Sound@One, Spirit of Orr, Time-Lag, U-Sound, Vhf and Wholly Other. This particular cottage industry came into existence initially out of necessity, as no one else would touch this music.

## Freak Folk

A higher profile collection of American musicians emerged at roughly the same time as Keenan's article. Almost entirely unconnected from the Free Folk scene and supporting labels, this far more visible and commercially successful wave is commonly referred to as Freak Folk. With influences more primarily centered on psychedelic rock and folk groups of the 1960s and 1970s, including American performers Holy Modal Rounders and English and Scottish groups, such as Pentangle, Incredible String Band, Donovan and Comus, this wave was spearheaded by Devendra Banhart, Joanna Newsom, and Vetiver. Both scenes were widely referred to in the music press as "New Weird America."
# Sunao Tawara

Sunao Tawara (田原 淳, Tawara Sunao, July 5, 1873 – January 19, 1952) was a Japanese pathologist known for the discovery of the atrioventricular node.
Tawara was born in Ōita Prefecture and studied at the Medical School, Imperial University of Tokyo in Tokyo, graduating in 1901 and receiving his Doctorate of Medical Science in 1908. Between 1903 and 1906 he spent in Philipps University of Marburg in Marburg, studying pathology and pathological anatomy with Ludwig Aschoff. It was here he undertook his important works on pathology and anatomy of heart. Upon returning to Japan he was appointed assistant professor of pathology at Kyushu Imperial University in Fukuoka, obtaining full professorship in 1908.
    Node of Tawara: a remnant of primitive fibers found in all mammalian hearts at the base of the interauricular septum, and forming the beginning of the auriculoventricular bundle or bundle of His, which is a muscular band, containing nerve fibers, connecting the auricles with the ventricles of the heart. The Node of Tawara is also called the atrioventricular node, the auriculoventricular node, Aschoff's node, and the node of Aschoff and Tawara.
Tawara's monograph, "Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens" (English: "The Conduction System of the Mammalian Heart") was published in 1906.

## Works

* Die Topographie und Histologie der Brückenfasern. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Bedeutung der Purkinjeschen Fäden. (Vorläufige Mitteilung). Zentralblatt für Physiologie, Band 19, Nr. 3, 6. Mai 1905, S. 70-77
* Anatomisch-histologische Nachprüfung der Schnittführung an den von Prof. H. E. Hering übersandten Hundeherzen.. Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere, Band 111, No 7-8, 20 February 1906, S. 300-302.
* Über die sogenannten abnormen Sehnenfäden des Herzens. Ziegler’s Beiträge zur Pathologischen Anatomie und zur allgemeinen Pathologie, Band 39, 1906, S. 563-584
* Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens. Eine anatomisch-histologische Studie über das Atrioventrikularbündel und die Purkinjeschen Fäden. Jena:Gustav Fischer, 1906
* Die heutige Lehre von den pathologisch-anatomischen Grundlagen der Herzschwäche: kritische Bemerkungen auf Grund eigener Untersuchungen. (mit L. Aschoff). Jena: Fischer, 1906

## Recognition

To honor his achievements, Kyushu University named a road Tawara Street. Also, Cambridge IGCSE honours him by using his name in their ICT practical exams.

## Gallery

* Birthplace in Aki (Oita prefecture) with memorial stone
* Graduation certificate from High School No. 1 (Tokyo, 8 July 1897)
* Tawara giving a lecture at the Imperial Kyushu University (ca. 1919)
* Tawara's grave (Jishō-Temple, Nakatsu)
* Corner with Tawara memorabilia (Oe-Archive, City of Nakatsu, Oita Prefecture, Japan)
# Side A (EP)

Side A is the second EP by American artist Christina Grimmie. The album was released for digital download on February 21, 2016. The EP was produced by Maker Music and AwesomenessTV. Physical copies of the EP were sold at Grimmie's tour appearances and shows. The EP was released independently and debuted at number 25 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart in the US. This marked her final release prior to her death on June 10, 2016.
Four posthumous music videos were released two months after her death. All of them have been directed by King Hollis, while co-produced by AwesomenessTV and Media 13. The music videos also pay tribute to Christina herself. Furthermore, these are her only music videos not to have been co-produced by Maker Studios, after she was dropped due to still unknown reasons.
Before her death, Christina had already revealed plans to ultimately release a third EP, named Side B, and thus serving as the successor to the Side A EP. It has been released posthumously.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| New Zealand Heatseekers Albums (RMNZ) | 10 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 11 |
| US Billboard 200 | 171 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | February 21, 2016 | CDDigital download | IndependentLH7 Management |
# Hurt

Hurt may refer to:
* Suffering
* Pain
* Injury

## Film and television

* Hurt (2003 film), a Canadian drama film
* Hurt (2009 film), an American horror film
* Hurt (2015 film), a Canadian documentary film
* Hurt (2018 film), an American horror film
* "Hurt" (The Shield), a 2005 episode of The Shield
* "Hurt", a 2020 episode of The Good Doctor

## Music
### Groups

* Hurt (band), American rock band

### Albums

* Hurt: The EP, a 2011 extended play by British singer Leona Lewis which features a cover of the Nine Inch Nails song
* Hurt (EP), 2015, by Hawthorne Heights

### Songs

* "Hurt" (Roy Hamilton song), 1954, covered by several other artists, most notably in 1961 by Timi Yuro
* "Hurt" (Nine Inch Nails song), 1995, covered by several other artists, most notably in 2002 by Johnny Cash
* "Hurt" (Christina Aguilera song), 2006
* "Hurt" (T.I. song), 2007
* "Hurt", a song by Jamala on the 2013 album All or Nothing
* "Hurt", a song by Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers on the 1978 album You're Gonna Get It!
* "Hurt", a song by Dean Chamberlain on the 1980 LP "Code Blue", covered by Spock's Beard on their European edition of the 1999 album Day for Night
* "Hurt", a song by New Order on the 1982 single "Temptation"
* "Hurt", a song by Re-Flex, from the 1983 album The Politics of Dancing
* "Hurt", a song by Oliver Tree from his 2019 EP Do you Feel Me?
* "Hurt", a song by OneRepublic from the 2024 album Artificial Paradise
* "Hurt", a song by NewJeans on the 2022 EP New Jeans
* "Hurt", a song by Sasha Alex Sloan on the 2018 EP Sad Girl
* "Hurt", a song by Wage War, from the album Pressure
* "Hurt", a song by Yung Lean, from the mixtape Unknown Death 2002
* "Hurt (Interlude)", a song by Blink-182 on the 2023 album One More Time...
* "The Hurt", a song by The Jacksons on the 1984 album Victory

## People

* Hurt (surname)

## Places

* Hurt, Virginia, United States

## Other

* Heterogeneous Urban RSTA Team, an aerial surveillance project in the United States
* Hurt, a blue roundel in heraldry
# Operation Bison (Jammu & Kashmir 1948)

Operation Bison is the codename of the assault and capture of Zoji La, Dras and Kargil district in Ladakh by the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948.
Zoji La had been seized by Pakistani raiders in 1948 in their campaign to capture Ladakh. The pass was recaptured by Indian forces on 1 November in a daring assault, which achieved success primarily due to the surprise use of armour, then the highest altitude at which armour had operated in combat in the world.
Initially, an unsuccessful attack was launched by the 77th Parachute Brigade (Brig Atal) to capture Zoji La. Operation Duck, the earlier name for this assault, was renamed as Operation Bison by Lt Gen Cariappa, the Western Army commander. M5 Stuart light tanks of the 7th Cavalry regiment were moved in dismantled condition through Srinagar and winched across bridges while two field companies of the Madras Sappers converted the mule track from Baltal up the Zoji La to Gumri into a jeep track. The surprise attack on 1 November by the brigade with armour supported by two regiments of 25 pounders and a regiment of 3.7 inch guns, saw the Pakistanis being surprised. The pass was forced and the raider column pushed back to Matayan and later Dras. The brigade linked up on 24 November at Kargil with Indian troops advancing from Leh while the Pakistanis eventually withdrew northwards toward Skardu.
# Victor Barîșev

Victor Viktorovich Barîșev (Russian: Виктор Викторович Барышев; born 3 July 1978) is a Moldovan former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Barîșev spent most of his career in Moldova, but also played in Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan.

## International career

Barîșev made his debut for the Moldova national team on 9 February 2002 in a friendly match against Lithuania. He made 13 appearances in total for Moldova between 2002 and 2005.

## Personal life

His father, Victor Yurievich Barîșev, was a footballer and football coach in the Soviet Union and Moldova.
# Baýramnyýaz Berdiýew

Bayramnyýaz Berdiýew (born 13 September 1974) is a Turkmen football coach and a former player who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Berdiýew made his senior football debut in the last season of the USSR Championship, playing in the 1991 Soviet Second League for FC Kopetdag and in the 1991 Soviet Second League B for FC Ahal.
After Turkmenistan gained independence, he continued to play for the clubs of the Ýokary Liga, including FC Turan Dashoguz, Nisa Aşgabat and again for FC Kopetdag. He became the champion and medalist of the national championship.
In 2001, he moved to the Kazakhstani Esil Bogatyr, where he spent three and a half seasons. In the first three he was the main goalkeeper. Bronze medalist of the 2001 Kazakhstan Premier League, he conceded only 11 goals in 25 matches that season. In total, he played 76 matches for the Kazakh club in the Kazakhstan Premier League and 9 in the Kazakhstan Cup.
Berdiýew again played in Turkmenistan and briefly moved to the Kazakhstani FC Ordabasy, where he played one match in the Kazakhstan Premier League and two games in the Kazakhstan Cup.
In the second half of the 2000s, he played in Uzbekistan: in 2006-2007 he was the main goalkeeper of FC Qizilqum Zarafshon, and also played for Shurtan and Navbahor.
In the 2004 Ýokary Liga he became the champion with the Nebitçi FT and in 2008 Ýokary Liga with FC Aşgabat. In 2008, in the Turkmenistan SuperCup match against Şagadam FK, he saved three penalties and scored the decisive goal in the post-match series.

## International career

Since 2000, Berdiýew has played for the Turkmenistan national football team. His debut took place on October 8, 2000, against Uzbekistan, replacing Alexander Korobko in the 84th minute.
Baýramnyýaz Berdiýew participated in the 2004 Asian Cup in China, where he was the third goalkeeper and never entered the field.
He became a finalist in the 2010 AFC Challenge Cup, having played all five matches in the tournament. In total, he played 28 matches for the national team.

## Coaching career

In 2017–2020, he worked as a goalkeeper coach at the FC Ahal. In some matches, he acted as head coach.
At the end of the 2019 season, after the resignation of Amangylyç Koçumow, he acted as head coach. Under his leadership the club was a finalist in the Turkmenistan Cup.

## Honours
### Club

Nisa Aşgabat
* Ýokary Liga: 1998–99
* Turkmenistan Cup: 1995, 1998
Nebitçi FT
* Ýokary Liga: 2004
* Turkmenistan Cup: 2004

### International
#### AFC Challenge Cup

* Runners-up: 2010
# Yevgeni Cheremisin

Evgeniy Gennadyevich Cheremisin (Russian: Евгений Геннадьевич Черемисин; born 29 February 1988) is a Russian former footballer.

## Career

Cheremisin made his professional debut for Rubin Kazan on 13 July 2010 in the Russian Cup game against FC Volgar-Gazprom Astrakhan.

## Honours

* Russian Super Cup: 2010
# Artjom Dmitrijev

Artjom Dmitrijev (born 14 November 1988) is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kazakhstani club Turan, and formerly the Estonia national team.

## Career
### Club

On 22 January 2019, FC Okzhetpes announced the signing of Dmitrijev.

### International

Dmitrijev made his senior international debut for the Estonia on 9 June 2015, replacing Sergei Zenjov in the 79th minute of a 2–0 away victory over Finland in a friendly.

## Honours

Levadia
* Estonian Cup: 2009–10
* Estonian Supercup: 2010
Nõmme Kalju
* Estonian Cup: 2014–15
# Doston Ibragimov

Doston Ibragimov (born 23 January 1997) is an Uzbekistani footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC G'ijduvon.

## International career

Ibragimov made his professional debut for the Uzbekistan national football team in a friendly 2–0 loss to Turkey on 2 June 2019.
# Liam Adcock

Liam Adcock (born 21 June 1996) is an Australian long jumper. He has won the Australian national title and in 2024 became Oceania champion.

## Early life

He received New South Wales Institute of Sport (NSWIS) scholarship.

## Career

He competed for Australia at the 2017 World University Games and was second in consecutive years at the Australian Athletics Championships, in 2017 and 2018. However, a succession of injuries prevented him from competing consistently again until 2022.
He won the 2023 Australian Athletics Championships in Brisbane with a long jump of 8.06 metres. He made a personal best jump of 8.15 metres in Gold Coast in April 2023. He competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, where he jumped 7.99 metres to miss a spot in the final by one centimetre.
He won gold at the 2024 Oceania Athletics Championships in Suva, Fiji with a jump of 8.05 metres. He competed in the long jump at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
He jumped 7.97m (-0.1) to win the Australian short track national championships in Sydney on 1 February 2025. He jumped 8.33 metres (+1.8) at the Perth Classic on 1 March 2025. He was selected for the 2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Nanjing in March 2025.

## Personal life

He earned a Bachelor degree in Commerce and Economics from the University of Queensland in 2019. He worked as a tax consultant prior to his return to athletics. In 2023, he moved to Sydney. He is a member of Sydney University Athletics Club.
# Daylar

Daylar (Persian: دايلار) is a village in Goyjah Bel Rural District of the Central District in Ahar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 473 in 91 households. The following census in 2011 counted 378 people in 90 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 384 people in 103 households.
# Maxim Iurcu

Maxim Iurcu is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a forward.

## Honours
### Sheriff Tiraspol

* Divizia Națională (2): 2011–12, 2015–16,
* Moldovan Cup (1): 2014–15
* Moldovan Super Cup (1): 2015, 2016
# Yaroslav Krushelnitskiy

Yaroslav Krushelnitskiy (Russian: Ярослав Крушельницкий; born 16 March 1983) is an Uzbekistani football coach and a former Uzbekistani international defender.

## Career
### FC Shurtan Guzar

He joined FC Shurtan Guzar in 2010 and prolonged his contract with club for another one year.
After the end of 2011 season he moved to Mes Sarcheshmeh of Iran Pro League. In February 2012 he joined FC Shurtan Guzar back.

### International

He made his international debut with Uzbekistan in a 0–1 loss against Albania on 8 August 2010. Krushelnitskiy was injured in 2010 and could not participate in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup