# Peñablanca

Peñablanca, officially the Municipality of Peñablanca (Ibanag: Ili nat Peñablanca; Ilocano: Ili ti Peñablanca; Tagalog: Bayan ng Peñablanca), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,300 people.
Peñablanca is home to the charcoal-drawn Peñablanca petrographs and the Callao Limeston Formation. Both the Peñablanca Petrographs and the Callao Limestone Formation are included as tentative sites of the Philippines for future inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Callao Limestone Formation has at least 93 archaeological sites that yielded stone tools of Paleolithic industry and bones and shells of animals still living in the vicinity.

## History

Named after its prominent white rock formations, Peñablanca was formerly a barrio of Tuguegarao named Bubug. However, it also went by other names such as Alimannao, which was said to have been derived from a German rancher named Otto Weber, who, when one of his servants was asked who owned the cows in the area, responded in Itawis: cua na Aliman yao (they belong to the German). Another name for the place was camasi, from the native word for tomato, which abounded in the area. Both Alimannao and Camasi are now names of barrios in the municipality.
Peñablanca was made a separate municipality by the Spaniards on November 20, 1886. Its first inhabitants were Kalingas (unbaptized Irrayas) and Negritos.

## Geography

Situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the provincial capital Tuguegarao and 475 kilometres (295 mi) north of Manila, the municipality is home to the Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape which contains the Callao Cave (part of the Callao Limestone Formation Paleolithic Archaeological Site), one of the province's well-known landmarks and tourist spots.

### Barangays

Peñablanca is divided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Aggugaddan
* Alimanao
* Baliuag
* Bical
* Bugatay
* Buyun
* Cabasan
* Cabbo
* Callao
* Camasi
* Centro (Poblacion)
* Dodan
* Lapi
* Malibabag
* Mangga
* Minanga
* Nabbabalayan
* Nanguilattan
* Nannarian
* Parabba
* Patagueleg
* Quibal
* San Roque (Litto)
* Sisim

### Climate

Climate data for Peñablanca, Cagayan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25 (77) | 26 (79) | 28 (82) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 25 (77) | 29 (83) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 155 (6.1) | 113 (4.4) | 89 (3.5) | 58 (2.3) | 127 (5.0) | 131 (5.2) | 154 (6.1) | 184 (7.2) | 151 (5.9) | 247 (9.7) | 221 (8.7) | 292 (11.5) | 1,922 (75.6) |
| Average rainy days | 19.6 | 14.8 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 19.4 | 19.8 | 23.0 | 25.0 | 23.0 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 21.6 | 230.1 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Peñablanca, Cagayan, was 50,300 people, with a density of 42 inhabitants per square kilometre or 110 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Peñablanca
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2000 51.80
* 2003 35.22
* 2006 24.50
* 2009 18.17
* 2012 20.06
* 2015 12.62
* 2018 27.72
* 2021 10.18
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Government
### Local government

Peñablanca is part of the third legislative district of the province of Cagayan. It is governed by a mayor, designated as its local chief executive$_,$ and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the municipal councilors are elected directly by the people through an election held every three years.

### Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Joseph L. Lara |
| Mayor | Washington M. Taguinod |
| Vice-Mayor | Marilyn J. Taguinod |
| Councilors | Ma. Katrina T. Carag |
| Councilors | Rodney D. Mora |
| Councilors | Janice L. Tungcul-Beleno |
| Councilors | Pauline Tatiana C. Dela Cruz |
| Councilors | Elisa C. Arugay |
| Councilors | Pedro Q. Alan |
| Councilors | Juan H. Lingan Jr. |
| Councilors | Eutiguio A. Calagui |

## Education

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system. The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region. The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout the municipality.

## Media

* 94.9 MHz FMR Cagayan (Philippine Collective Media Corporation)