# Minnesota Senate

The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the Legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 80,000 constituents.

## History

The Minnesota Senate held its first regular session on December 2, 1857.

## Powers

In addition to its legislative powers, certain appointments by the governor are subject to the Senate's advice and consent. As state law provides for hundreds of executive appointments, the vast majority of appointees serve without being confirmed by the Senate; only in rare instances does the Senate reject appointees. It has rejected only nine executive appointments since 2000.

## Elections

Each Senate district is split between an A and B House district (e.g., Senate District 41 contains House districts 41A and 41B). The Minnesota Constitution forbids House districts that are within more than one Senate district.
To account for decennial redistricting, members run for one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Senators are elected to four-year terms in years ending in 2 and 6, and to two-year terms in years ending in 0. Districts are redrawn after the decennial United States Census in time for the primary and general elections in years ending in 2. The most recent election was held on November 8, 2022.

## Leadership

From statehood through 1972, the lieutenant governor served as president of the Senate. In 1972, voters approved a constitutional amendment that provided for the Senate to elect its own president beginning January 1973. The president, who presides over official Senate proceedings, also acts as the parliamentarian and oversees the secretary of the senate. The majority leader is responsible for managing and scheduling the business of the Senate and oversees partisan and nonpartisan staff. The current majority leader is Erin Murphy, a Democrat from Saint Paul. The current minority leader is Mark Johnson, a Republican from East Grand Forks. Each caucus also selects its own leaders and deputy leaders.

## Minnesota Senate Building

Committee hearings mostly take place in the Minnesota Senate Building, a 293,000-square-foot (27,200 m$^2$) office building that opened in January 2016. The $90 million office building, which is north of the State Capitol across University Avenue, includes three committee hearing rooms, offices for all senators and staff, a raised terrace overlooking the State Capitol, and a 264-space underground parking facility.
The 2016 session was held in the newly constructed Minnesota Senate Building due to an extensive restoration at the State Capitol. It was the first time the Senate held a regular session outside the Capitol since it opened in 1905.

## Composition
### Historical composition

| Years | Party(Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party(Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party(Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party(Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total |
| Years | Democratic– Farmer–Labor | Republican | Independent | Vacant | Total |
| 2001–2003 | 41 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2003–2007 | 35 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2007–2011 | 44 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2011–2013 | 30 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2013–2017 | 39 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2017-2021 | 33 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
| 2021–2023 | 31 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 67 |
| 2023–2027 | 34 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 67 |

### Current composition

    94th Minnesota Legislature (2025-2027)
| | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | Vacant |
| | Republican | Independent | Democratic– Farmer–Labor | Total | Vacant |
| End of the previous Legislature | 34 | 1 | 31 | 66 | 1 |
| Begin 2023 | 33 | 0 | 34 | 67 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | 49% | 0% | 51% | | |

### Members, 2023-2027

| District | Name | Party | Residence | First elected |
| 1 | Mark Johnson | Republican | East Grand Forks | 2016 |
| 2 | Steve Green | Republican | Fosston | 2022 |
| 3 | Grant Hauschild | DFL | Hermantown | 2022 |
| 4 | Rob Kupec | DFL | Moorhead | 2022 |
| 5 | Paul Utke | Republican | Park Rapids | 2016 |
| 6 | Justin Eichorn | Republican | Grand Rapids | 2016 |
| 7 | Robert Farnsworth | Republican | Hibbing | 2022 |
| 8 | Jen McEwen | DFL | Duluth | 2020 |
| 9 | Jordan Rasmusson | Republican | Fergus Falls | 2022 |
| 10 | Nathan Wesenberg | Republican | Little Falls | 2022 |
| 11 | Jason Rarick | Republican | Pine City | 2019 |
| 12 | Torrey Westrom | Republican | Alexandria | 2012 |
| 13 | Jeff Howe | Republican | Rockville | 2018 |
| 14 | Aric Putnam | DFL | St. Cloud | 2020 |
| 15 | Gary Dahms | Republican | Redwood Falls | 2010 |
| 16 | Andrew Lang | Republican | Olivia | 2016 |
| 17 | Glenn Gruenhagen | Republican | Glencoe | 2022 |
| 18 | Nick Frentz | DFL | North Mankato | 2016 |
| 19 | John Jasinski | Republican | Faribault | 2016 |
| 20 | Steve Drazkowski | Republican | Mazeppa | 2022 |
| 21 | Bill Weber | Republican | Luverne | 2012 |
| 22 | Rich Draheim | Republican | Madison Lake | 2016 |
| 23 | Gene Dornink | Republican | Hayfield | 2020 |
| 24 | Carla Nelson | Republican | Rochester | 2010 |
| 25 | Liz Boldon | DFL | Rochester | 2022 |
| 26 | Jeremy Miller | Republican | Winona | 2010 |
| 27 | Andrew Mathews | Republican | Milaca | 2016 |
| 28 | Mark Koran | Republican | North Branch | 2016 |
| 29 | Bruce Anderson | Republican | Buffalo Township | 2012 |
| 30 | Eric Lucero | Republican | Saint Michael | 2022 |
| 31 | Cal Bahr | Republican | East Bethel | 2022 |
| 32 | Michael Kreun | Republican | Blaine | 2022 |
| 33 | Karin Housley | Republican | Stillwater | 2012 |
| 34 | John Hoffman | DFL | Champlin | 2012 |
| 35 | Jim Abeler | Republican | Anoka | 2016 |
| 36 | Heather Gustafson | DFL | Vadnais Heights | 2022 |
| 37 | Warren Limmer | Republican | Maple Grove | 1995 |
| 38 | Susan Pha | DFL | Brooklyn Park | 2022 |
| 39 | Mary Kunesh | DFL | New Brighton | 2020 |
| 40 | John Marty | DFL | Roseville | 1986 |
| 41 | Judy Seeberger | DFL | Afton | 2022 |
| 42 | Bonnie Westlin | DFL | Plymouth | 2022 |
| 43 | Ann Rest | DFL | New Hope | 2000 |
| 44 | Tou Xiong | DFL | Maplewood | 2022 |
| 45 | Ann Johnson Stewart | DFL | Minnetonka | 2024 |
| 46 | Ron Latz | DFL | St. Louis Park | 2006 |
| 47 | Nicole Mitchell | DFL | Woodbury | 2022 |
| 48 | Julia Coleman | Republican | Chanhassen | 2020 |
| 49 | Steve Cwodzinski | DFL | Eden Prairie | 2016 |
| 50 | Alice Mann | DFL | Edina | 2022 |
| 51 | Melissa Halvorson Wiklund | DFL | Bloomington | 2012 |
| 52 | Jim Carlson | DFL | Eagan | 2006 |
| 53 | Matt Klein | DFL | Mendota Heights | 2016 |
| 54 | Eric Pratt | Republican | Prior Lake | 2012 |
| 55 | Lindsey Port | DFL | Burnsville | 2020 |
| 56 | Erin Maye Quade | DFL | Apple Valley | 2022 |
| 57 | Zach Duckworth | Republican | Lakeville | 2020 |
| 58 | Bill Lieske | Republican | Lonsdale | 2022 |
| 59 | Bobby Joe Champion | DFL | Minneapolis | 2012 |
| 60 | Doron Clark | DFL | Minneapolis | 2025 |
| 61 | Scott Dibble | DFL | Minneapolis | 2002 |
| 62 | Omar Fateh | DFL | Minneapolis | 2020 |
| 63 | Zaynab Mohamed | DFL | Minneapolis | 2022 |
| 64 | Erin Murphy | DFL | Saint Paul | 2020 |
| 65 | Sandy Pappas | DFL | Saint Paul | 1990 |
| 66 | Clare Oumou Verbeten | DFL | Saint Paul | 2022 |
| 67 | Foung Hawj | DFL | Saint Paul | 2012 |