# John Julius Norwich

John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich, CVO (15 September 1929 – 1 June 2018), known as John Julius Norwich, was an English popular historian, travel writer, and television personality.

## Biography
### Youth

Norwich was born at the Alfred House Nursing Home on Portland Place in Marylebone, London, on 15 September 1929. He was the son of the Conservative politician and diplomat Duff Cooper, later Viscount Norwich, and of Lady Diana Manners, a celebrated beauty and society figure. He was given the name "Julius" in part because he was born by caesarean section. Such was his mother's fame as an actress and beauty that the birth attracted a crowd outside the nursing home and hundreds of letters of congratulations. Through his father, he was descended from King William IV and his mistress Dorothea Jordan.
He was educated at Egerton House School in Dorset Square, London, later becoming a boarder at the school when it was evacuated to Northamptonshire before the outbreak of the Second World War. Because his father as Minister of Information was high on the Nazi enemies list of British politicians, Norwich's parents feared for their son's safety in the event of a German invasion of Britain. In 1940 they decided to send him away after the US ambassador to Britain, Joseph P. Kennedy, offered to bring him to the United States with other evacuee children on board the SS Washington. He attended Upper Canada College, Toronto, Canada, and spent his holidays with the family of William S. Paley on Long Island in New York. In 1942 he returned to Britain, where he attended Eton College. After the war, he studied at the University of Strasbourg while his father was ambassador to France. He completed his national service in the Royal Navy before taking a degree in French and Russian at New College, Oxford.

### Career

Joining the British Foreign Service after Oxford, Cooper served in Yugoslavia and Lebanon and as a member of the British delegation to the Disarmament Conference in Geneva. On his father's death in 1954, he inherited the title of Viscount Norwich, created for his father, Duff Cooper, in 1952. This gave him a right to sit in the House of Lords, though he lost this right with the House of Lords Act 1999.
In 1964, Norwich left the diplomatic service to become a writer. His subsequent books included histories of Sicily under the Normans (1967, 1970), Venice (1977, 1981), the Byzantine Empire (1988, 1992, 1995), the Mediterranean (2006) and the Papacy (2011), amongst others (see list below). He also served as editor of series such as Great Architecture of the World, The Italian World, The New Shell Guides to Great Britain, The Oxford Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Art and the Duff Cooper Diaries.
Norwich worked extensively in radio and television. He was host of the BBC radio panel game My Word! for four years (1978–82) and also a regional contestant on Round Britain Quiz. He wrote and presented some 30 television documentaries, including The Fall of Constantinople, Napoleon's Hundred Days, Cortés and Montezuma, The Antiquities of Turkey, The Gates of Asia, Maximilian of Mexico, Toussaint l'Ouverture of Haiti, The Knights of Malta, Treasure Houses of Britain, and The Death of the Prince Imperial in the Zulu War.
Norwich also worked for various charitable projects. He was the chairman of the Venice in Peril Fund, honorary chairman of the World Monuments Fund, a member of the General Committee of Save Venice, and a vice-president of the National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Societies. For many years he was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Trust, and also served on the board of the English National Opera. Norwich was also a patron of SHARE Community, which provides vocational training to disabled people.

#### Christmas Crackers

Christmas Crackers were compiled from whatever attracted Norwich: letters and diaries and gravestones and poems, boastful Who's Who entries, indexes from biographies, word games such as palindromes, holorhymes and mnemonics, occasionally in untranslated Greek, French, Latin, German or whatever language they were sourced from, as well as such oddities as a review from the American outdoors magazine Field and Stream concerning the republication of Lady Chatterley's Lover.
His final Christmas Cracker was the 49th. It was put together during the early part of 2018 and he corrected the final proofs from his hospital bed before he died on 1 June 2018.

### Personal life

Norwich's first wife was Anne Frances May Clifford, daughter of the Hon. Sir Bede Clifford; they had one daughter, the Hon. Artemis Cooper, a historian, and a son, the Hon. Jason Charles Duff Bede Cooper, an architect. After their divorce, Norwich married his second wife, the Hon. Mary (Makins) Philipps, daughter of The 1st Baron Sherfield.
Norwich was also the father of Allegra Huston, born of his affair with the American ballet dancer Enrica Soma while she was married to the American film director John Huston.
Norwich lived for much of his life in a large detached Victorian house in Warwick Avenue, in the heart of Little Venice in Maida Vale, London, very close to Regent's Canal. He latterly downsized to a flat in nearby Bayswater.
He died at King Edward VII's Hospital in London on 1 June 2018, aged 88.

## Titles, styles, honours and arms

* 1929–1952: John Julius Cooper
* 1952–1954: The Honourable John Julius Cooper
* 1954–2018: The Right Honourable The Viscount Norwich
Norwich was appointed to the Royal Victorian Order as a Commander in 1992 by Elizabeth II, as part of the celebrations to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession.
Coat of arms of John Julius Norwich :
* CrestOn the Battlements of a Tower Argent a Bull passant Sable armed and unguled Or
* EscutcheonOr three Lions rampant Gules on a Chief Azure a Portcullis chained between two Fleurs-de-lis of the first
* SupportersOn either side a Unicorn Argent gorged with a Collar with Chain reflexed over the back Or pendent from the collar of the dexter a Portcullis chained and from that of the sinister a Fleur-de-lys both Gold
* MottoOdi Et Amo (I hate and I love)
* OrdersRoyal Victorian Order (not pictured)

## Works

* Mount Athos (jointly with Reresby Sitwell), Hutchinson, 1966
* The Normans in the South, 1016–1130, Longman, 1967. Also published by Harper & Row with the title The Other Conquest
* Sahara, Longman, 1968
* The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194, Longman, 1970.
* Great Architecture of the World, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd, 1975 ISBN 978-0-85533-067-5
* Venice: The Rise to Empire, Allen Lane, 1977 ISBN 978-0-7139-0742-1
* Venice: The Greatness and Fall, Allen Lane, 1981 ISBN 978-0-7139-1409-2
* A History of Venice, Knopf, 1982 / Penguin, 1983 ISBN 978-0-679-72197-0, single-volume combined edition
* Britain's Heritage (editor), HarperCollins, 1983 ISBN 978-0-246-11840-0
* The Italian World: History, Art and the Genius of a People (editor), Thames & Hudson, 1983, ISBN 978-0-500-25088-4
* Hashish (photographs by Suomi La Valle, historical profile by John Julius Norwich), Quartet Books, 1984, ISBN 978-0-7043-2450-3
* The Architecture of Southern England, Macmillan, 1985, ISBN 978-0-333-22037-5
* Fifty Years of Glyndebourne, Cape, 1985, ISBN 978-0-224-02310-8
* A Taste for Travel, Macmillan, 1985, ISBN 978-0-333-38434-3
* Byzantium: The Early Centuries, Viking, 1988, ISBN 978-0-670-80251-7
* Venice: a Traveller's Companion (an anthology compiled by Lord Norwich), Constable, 1990, ISBN 978-0-09-467550-6
* Oxford Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Art (editor) Oxford, 1990
* The Normans in the South and The Kingdom in the Sun, on Norman Sicily, later republished as The Normans in Sicily, Penguin, 1992 (The Normans in the South, 1016–1130; originally published:- Harlow:Longman,1967—The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194; originally published:- Harlow:Longman, 1970) ISBN 978-0-14-015212-8
* Byzantium; v. 2: The Apogee, Alfred A. Knopf, 1992, ISBN 978-0-394-53779-5
* Byzantium; v. 3: The Decline and Fall, Viking, 1995, ISBN 978-0-670-82377-2
* A Short History of Byzantium, Alfred A. Knopf, 1997, ISBN 978-0-679-45088-7
* The Twelve Days of Christmas (Correspondence) (illustrated by Quentin Blake), Doubleday, 1998 (spoof of the old favourite carol, "The Twelve Days of Christmas"), ISBN 978-0-385-41028-1
* Shakespeare's Kings: the Great Plays and the History of England in the Middle Ages: 1337–1485, New York: Scribner, 2000, ISBN 978-0-684-81434-6
* Treasures of Britain (editor), Everyman Publishers, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7495-3256-7
* Paradise of Cities, Venice and its Nineteenth-century Visitors, Viking/Penguin, 2003, ISBN 978-0-670-89401-7
* The Duff Cooper Diaries (editor), Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7538-2105-3
* The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean, Doubleday, 2006, ISBN 978-0-385-51023-3
* Trying to Please (autobiography), Wimborne Minster, Dovecote Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-904349-58-7
* Christmas Crackers (anecdotes, trivia and witticisms collected from history and literature)
* More Christmas Crackers
* The Big Bang: Christmas Crackers, 2000–2009, Dovecote Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-904349-84-6
* The Great Cities in History (editor), Thames and Hudson, 2009, ISBN 978-0-500-25154-6
* Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy, Random House, 2011, ISBN 978-0-7011-8290-8 (US title for The Popes: A History)
* The Popes: A History, Chatto & Windus, 2011, ISBN 978-0-09-956587-1 (UK title for Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy)
* A History of England in 100 Places: From Stonehenge to the Gherkin, John Murray, 2012, ISBN 978-1-84854-609-7
* Darling Monster: The Letters of Lady Diana Cooper to Her Son John Julius Norwich (editor), Chatto & Windus, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7011-8779-8
* Cities That Shaped the Ancient World (editor), Thames and Hudson Ltd, 2014, ISBN 978-0-500-25204-8
* Sicily: An Island at the Crossroads of History, Random House, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8129-9517-6
* Four Princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the Obsessions that Forged Modern Europe, John Murray, 2016, ISBN 978-1-47363-295-0
* An English Christmas - all of the best writings about this most memorable time of year, gathered into one book - edited by John Julius Norwich, 2017
* France: A History: from Gaul to de Gaulle, John Murray, 2018, ISBN 978-1-4736-6383-1
* A History of France, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-8021-2890-4
* A Christmas Cracker being a commonplace selection, 2018, ISBN 978-0-9932126-2-8