# Marina Oswald Porter

Marina Nikolayevna Oswald Porter (née Prusakova; born July 17, 1941) is a Russian–American former pharmacist who was the wife of Lee Harvey Oswald. Born in the Soviet Union in 1941, she immigrated to the United States after marrying United States Marine Corps veteran Lee Harvey Oswald during his temporary defection to the Soviet Bloc. After the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Oswald's murder, Marina testified against Oswald for the Warren Commission and married American electronics worker Kenneth Jess Porter, becoming a naturalized United States citizen. She has a son with Porter and two daughters from her previous marriage with Oswald. Although Marina initially supported the Warren Commission's findings, she ultimately expressed doubts and advocated for Oswald's innocence.

## Early life and education

Porter was born Marina Nikolayevna Prusakova (Russian: Марина Николаевна Прусакова) in the city of Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk), at the time in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union and today in the Arkhangelsk Oblast of the Russian Federation. She lived there with her mother and stepfather until 1957, when she moved to Minsk in the Byelorussian SSR to live with her uncle Ilya Prusakov, who was a colonel in the country's Ministry of Internal Affairs. While in Minsk, she studied pharmacy.

## Marriage to Lee Harvey Oswald

Marina met Lee Harvey Oswald (a former U.S. Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union) at a dance on March 17, 1961. They married six weeks later and had a daughter, June Lee Oswald, born the following year. In June 1962, the family immigrated to the United States and settled in Dallas, Texas. At a party in February 1963, George de Mohrenschildt introduced the couple to Ruth Paine, a Quaker and Russian language student.
In January 1963, Oswald mail-ordered a Smith & Wesson .38 revolver and then, in March, a Mannlicher–Carcano, the John F. Kennedy assassination rifle. Later that month, as Marina told the Warren Commission, she took photographs of Oswald dressed in black and holding his weapons along with an issue of The Militant newspaper, which named ex-general Edwin Walker as a "fascist."
These photos became known as the "backyard photos" of Lee Oswald, which some conspiracy theorists dismiss as fake. Two photographs were later found in the garage of the Paine household. A third one was in the possession of George de Mohrenschildt.
The photo that had been given to de Mohrenschildt was signed and dated by Lee Oswald on April 5, 1963, five days before the attempted assassination of General Walker. de Mohrenschildt eventually revealed this photograph to the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) in 1977, shortly before committing suicide. It is similar to the photo published by LIFE magazine in early 1964, except that it has a much more extensive background. The image also has a quote in Russian, the translation of which reads, "Hunter of Fascists, Ha-Ha-Ha!!!"
In April 1963, Marina and her daughter moved in with Ruth Paine (who had recently separated from her husband, Michael). Lee Oswald rented a separate room in Dallas and briefly moved to New Orleans during the summer of 1963. He returned to Dallas in early October, eventually renting a room in a boarding house in the Oak Cliff neighborhood of Dallas.
Ruth Paine learned from a neighbor that employment was available at the Texas School Book Depository, and Oswald was hired and began working there on October 16, 1963, as an order filler. On October 18, Marina and Ruth Paine had planned a birthday party for Oswald. They put up some decorations and got a birthday cake and wine. Oswald was so moved by the gesture that he had tears in his eyes. He remained emotional throughout the evening, crying and apologizing to Marina for everything he had put her through. On October 20, Marina gave birth to a second daughter, Audrey Marina Rachel Oswald at Parkland Memorial Hospital. Her husband continued to live in Oak Cliff on weekdays, but stayed with her at the Paine household in Irving on weekends, an arrangement that continued until Oswald was arrested for the assassination of President Kennedy.

### Assassination of John F. Kennedy

Marina learned of the assassination of John F. Kennedy from the media coverage of the event and, later, of the arrest of her husband. That afternoon, Dallas Police Department detectives arrived at the Paine household, and when asked if Lee owned a rifle, Marina gestured to the garage, where Oswald stored his rifle rolled up in a blanket; no rifle was found. She was subsequently questioned both at the Paine household and later at Dallas Police Department headquarters about her husband's involvement in the death of John F. Kennedy and the murder of Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit. Marina and Oswald's mother Marguerite Oswald arrived at Dallas City Hall in the evening. Marina was shown the rifle by Carl Day and said in her statement that she was not sure whether the rifle shown to her was Lee's.$^{:263–264}$ Captain J. W. Fritz of the Homicide and Robbery Bureau stated in a report that Marina did not positively ID the rifle. On the afternoon of November 23, Marina and Marguerite talked to Lee. Marina said that when she saw her husband, he was calm, but "by his eyes I could tell that he was afraid. He said goodbye to me with his eyes. I knew that."
Marina was widowed at age 22, on November 24, when Oswald was murdered by Jack Ruby. Marina asked to go to Parkland Hospital to see Oswald's body. She opened his eyelids and said, "He cry, he eye wet."
Marina came to live in a hotel with business adviser, James H. Martin, who said that were "a few threats on her life mixed with the thousands of letters of sympathy she has received". After the assassination of Kennedy and the arrest of her husband, Marina was under Secret Service protection until she completed her testimony before the Warren Commission. She testified that she "had never heard anything bad about Kennedy from Lee" and that while in Russia, Oswald told her he would vote for Governor John Connally when he returned to the United States. In her testimony, she stated her belief that her husband was guilty, an opinion she reiterated in testimony before the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1978, where she claimed that Oswald's motivation was not political.

## Later life

Following the assassination, Marina rented a house in Richardson, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, where she also found work as a drugstore clerk. Donations sent to her by anonymous donors totaled about $70,000, roughly equivalent to $710,000 in 2024. She sold Lee's Russian diary for $20,000 and a picture of him holding the rifle for $5,000. She also attempted, but failed, to gain possession of the gun to sell it. Marina refused to change her name and received various marriage proposals. She worried about her children and said her sympathy lay with Mrs. Kennedy, stating, "It's hard enough to lose a bad husband...I wonder how it is to lose a good one." In November 1964, Marina Oswald became increasingly tense and morose, and she checked into a hospital for nervous exhaustion.
In January 1965, Marina enrolled at the University of Michigan, but she later returned to the Dallas area and bought a house in Richardson. In 1981, Marina had Oswald's body exhumed to refute a claim that a look-alike Russian Soviet agent was buried in place of Oswald. In 1989, she became a naturalized United States citizen.

### Marriage to Kenneth Jess Porter

On June 1, 1965, she and electronics worker Kenneth Jess Porter travelled to Fate, Texas, and were wed by a justice of the peace. They had a son. She later accused Kenneth of domestic violence. Marina moved to Rockwall, Texas, with her husband and family, and they generally avoided publicity. On October 8, 2024, Kenneth died in their family home at the age of 86.

### Support for Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories

Though she has not formally recanted any of her Warren Commission testimony, stating that she wanted to initially deny the possibility of her husband's guilt, Marina has said, in various interviews since the late 1980s, that she came to believe that Oswald was completely innocent of the murders of President Kennedy and Officer Tippit, and that she believed Oswald worked for the government. Jim Martin, her manager, said that he felt that despite her testifying against him, he felt that she did not "really think she thought he was guilty". Jim Leavelle, the Dallas Police detective who was handcuffed to Oswald when Ruby shot him, had several meals from time to time with Marina and said that Marina would "sound him out" to see if he had any doubts on Oswald's guilt. In 2018, Marina was contacted for the theory that the unidentified "prayer man" filmed on the steps of the Texas School Book Depository during the assassination by Dave Wiegman, Jr., of NBC, and James Darnell, of WBAP-TV, was Oswald. Ed Ledoux phoned Marina after Stan Dane had sent enlargements of the Darnell and Wiegman films showing the "prayer man" figure. An unprompted Marina volunteered, "It's Lee". She maintains her belief that Oswald was the "prayer man".
Marina's daughters also gave a few interviews, in which they expressed scepticism regarding Oswald's guilt though they also say they just want to know the truth. In a 1995 interview with the New York Times, June Oswald, the Oswald's oldest child, said when asked on the matter of her father's guilt or innocence: "It would make a difference in the sense of justice being served. If the truth can be found that shows Lee had nothing to do with the assassination, I would feel better in that there have been a lot of things said and done regarding my family that all proceeded from an erroneous perception of what he did or didn't do."