OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minoru Ozima

Minoru Ozima (born November 24, 1930, Yamagata City, Japan) is a geochemist and Professor Emeritus of the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, at the University of Tokyo. He was named in the Asian Scientist 100 for the year 2021 by Asian Scientist magazine.
Ozima was one of the first geochemists to recognize that the isotope geochemistry of the noble gases could provide key information about the formation and evolution of planets. A leader in this field, his work on the geochemistry and cosmochemistry of the noble gases has enabled researchers to understand processes of planetary and atmospheric formation of the early Solar System.

## Education

Ozima graduated from the Geophysical Institute of the University of Tokyo in 1950. He entered graduate school at the University of Toronto in Canada, where he worked with John Tuzo Wilson and Don Russell. His Ph.D. work involved technical aspects of K-Ar dating. He later returned to the University of Tokyo.

## Research

Noble gases are not rare elements in the Sun or the Solar System generally but are extremely depleted on the planet Earth, with lighter elements being the most depleted. In the 1960s, it was generally assumed that the noble gases were unimportant in the formation and evolution of the Earth. In the 1970s, Ozima presented a novel theory, based on measurements of isotopes, that explained the formation of the Earth's atmosphere as the result of a catastrophic degassing event on the Earth within ~100 million years of the Earth’s formation. Through this and subsequent work, Ozima has developed the only model of planetary formation to explain the fractionation patterns of the noble gases. His work in noble gas geochemistry has enabled researchers to understand processes of planetary formation of the early Solar System.

## Awards

Minoru Ozima became a Fellow of the Geochemical Society in 2000. He received the V. M. Goldschmidt Award, the highest honor given by the Geochemical Society, in 2010. He is the second Japanese scientist to receive the award, following Ikuo Kushiro in 2001.
In 2020, Ozima received the Japan Academy Prize for his research on noble gas geochemistry and planetary evolution. He was named in the Asian Scientist 100 for the year 2021 by Asian Scientist magazine.
The minor planet or asteroid 473503 Minoruozima was discovered in 2011 by the Catalina Sky Survey at Mount Lemmon Observatory and named in his honor.
# American Beauty (score)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Filmtracks | |
American Beauty: Original Motion Picture Score is the recording of the original score for the 1999 film, composed and arranged by Thomas Newman. The original music accompanied 11 songs by other artists.

## Description

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and won the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music in the BAFTA Awards.
The score album won the Grammy Award for the Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or other Visual Media in 2001 which was awarded to producer Bill Bernstein, engineer Dennis Sands, and Newman.
A soundtrack album for the film was also released, on October 5, 1999, entitled American Beauty: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. That album includes songs by ten of the eleven artists (Annie Lennox's rendition of "Don't Let It Bring You Down" being absent) and two excerpts from the film's score: "Dead Already" and "Any Other Name".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Thomas Newman
# Johann Gottlieb Preller

Johann Gottlieb Preller, or Breller, (9 March 1727 – 21 March 1786), was a German cantor, composer, and land surveyor.

## Early life and education

He was born in Oberroßla, (now part of Apolda, Thuringia). Nothing is known of his musical training. He may have been a pupil of Johann Nicolaus Mempel in Apolda, which is inferred from the common authorship of the Mempell-Preller-Handschrift, a manuscript collection of organ and keyboard works by Johann Sebastian Bach. He studied from 1750 at the University of Jena and in 1753 or 1754 was appointed cantor in Dortmund, where he founded a collegium musicum. He remained there for the rest of his life. His only known composition is a Laudate Dominum.
# Søndagsbarn

"Søndagsbarn" is a single by Danish hip hop group Suspekt featuring vocals from Danish band Lukas Graham. The song was released as a digital download in Denmark on 22 May 2015 through Tabu Records. The song peaked at number three on the Danish Singles Chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 3 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Denmark | 22 May 2015 | Digital download | Tabu Records |
# Coldwater Township, Isabella County, Michigan

Coldwater Township is a civil township of Isabella County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 801 at the 2020 census, making it the least-populated township in the county.

## Communities

* Brinton is an unincorporated community near the center of the township at 43°46′13″N 85°00′37″W﻿ / ﻿43.77028°N 85.01028°W﻿ / 43.77028; -85.01028﻿ (Brinton) It was settled in 1862 and first known as "Letson" after storekeeper Samuel A. Letson, who was also the first postmaster when the post office was established on April 20, 1886. It was renamed on April 17, 1888 for Oscar T. Brinton. The post office operated until November 30, 1906.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 35.9 square miles (93 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.22%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 737 people, 277 households, and 222 families residing in the township. The population density was 20.5 inhabitants per square mile (7.9/km$^2$). There were 405 housing units at an average density of 11.3 per square mile (4.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.79% White, 0.54% African American, 1.49% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.76% of the population.
There were 277 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 16.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $34,853, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $31,528 versus $23,523 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,477. About 6.1% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Darul Uloom Bolton

Darul Uloom Bolton is an Islamic private secondary school in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England.

## History

The institute was founded in 1993 and initially was based at Bromley Cross in the northern part of Borough of Bolton. In 2006, due to the growth of the institute and demand in pupil places, the institute decided to sell the Bromley Cross premises for a bigger campus closer to the town centre. A bid was put in by the local council to buy the building and adjacent land to build a new houses. Subsequently, the institute relocated to a former convent, where they are based now. In 2008, a former public house was purchased and turned into a second campus for the institute.

## Education

The Darul Uloom strives to produce Islamic scholars of high standards, aiming to include both religious and secular education provisions.

### Religious education

The Islamic education is split into two courses: Islamic Theology course and Hifz (Qur'anic memorisation) course. The Islamic Theology course is for those that want to learn about theological underpinnings of Islam. The curriculum is based on the Dars-i Nizami teaching format that has been in place since the establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband, it is rooted in the Hanafi school of thought. The students are taught many books in relation to subjects such as Tafsir, Hadith, Arabic language, grammar and syntax, Islamic jurisprudence, logic and reasoning and public speaking classes. The course is made up of 7 stages. The Hifz course is for those that want to memorise the Holy Qur'an. This course depends on how long students take to memorise the Holy Qur'an; they are given the guidance and support by their personal tutor.

### Secular education

The school provides school students from the ages of 11–16 secondary-age teaching, which enables them to sit their GCSEs when they reach years 10 and 11. The school offers many subjects to choose to study at GCSE level, including but not limited to Maths, English, Science, History, Geography, Religious Studies, ICT, Modern Foreign Languages and Citizenship. Beyond GCSEs, the school also allows students to complete A-Level and BTEC courses.

## Ofsted inspection

The institute has had many continuous Ofsted inspections, and it is currently 'Inadequate'. It previously had a rating of 'Requires improvement'.
# Hyco Lake

Hyco Lake is a reservoir in Person and Caswell counties, North Carolina. It is the area's main destination for fishing, boating, water skiing, wake boarding, and recreation and is the larger of Person County's two lakes, the other being Mayo Lake. The lake was formed from the Hyco River and has three main tributaries; North Hyco Creek, South Hyco Creek, and Cobbs Creek. Interest in the lake for vacation homes has created numerous homes along its shores with relatively high property values. Over 1500 homes have been constructed around the lake with approximately 800 occupied year-round. It runs through the following municipalities: Semora, Leasburg, and the city of Roxboro located about ten miles (16 km) from the lake.
Hyco Lake was constructed in the early 1960s by Carolina Power and Light Company (now Duke Energy Progress) as a cooling reservoir for their power generating plant. Since its establishment, the lake and its recreation park have been under the jurisdiction of the Person-Caswell Lake Authority. The water is regulated by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Duke Energy Progress owns the land surrounding the lake up to the 420-foot (130 m) above-sea-level mark. The lake covers 3,750 acres (1,520 ha), containing about 25 billion US gallons (95,000,000 m$^3$) of water, with 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline. Hurricane Hilda elevated Hyco Lake's water level.
The name Hyco is derived from "Hicotaminy" which is what the native Indians called the area due to the number of turkey buzzards which were and still are in the area. Hicotaminy means "great turkey buzzard".
# Harold McGee

Harold James McGee (born October 3, 1951) is an American author who writes about the chemistry and history of food science and cooking. He is best known for his seminal book On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, first published in 1984 and revised in 2004.

## Early life

McGee was born on 3 October 1951 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Louise (Hanney) and Charles Gilbert McGee, and raised in Elmhurst, Illinois. He was educated at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), initially studying astronomy, but graduating with a B.S. in Literature in 1973. He went on to do a Ph.D. on the romantic poetry of John Keats supervised by Harold Bloom at Yale University, graduating in 1978.

## Career

Before becoming a food science writer, McGee was a literature and writing instructor at Yale. He has also written for Nature, Health, The New York Times, the World Book Encyclopedia, The Art of Eating, Food & Wine, Fine Cooking, and Physics Today. He has lectured on kitchen chemistry at cooking schools, universities, the Oxford Symposia on Food and Cookery, the Denver Natural History Museum, and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. For a brief time he wrote a regular column for the New York Times, The Curious Cook, which examined, and often debunked, conventional kitchen wisdom. His latest book is Nose dive: a field guide to the world's smells (2020).
With Dave Arnold and Nils Norén, McGee teaches a three-day class, The Harold McGee Lecture Series, at the French Culinary Institute in New York City.

### Awards and honors

McGee is a visiting scholar at Harvard University.
His book On Food and Cooking has won numerous awards and is used widely in food science courses at many universities.

### Influences

McGee's scientific approach to cooking has been embraced and popularized by chefs and authors such as David Chang and J. Kenji Lopez-Alt.

## Personal life

McGee married his college girlfriend Sharon Rugel Long on July 7, 1979; they divorced in 2004. They had two children, son John (born 1986) and daughter Florence (born 1988).
# Katherine Spillar

Katherine Spillar is the American executive editor of Ms. and co-founder and executive director of the Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) and the Feminist Majority.

## Early life

Katherine Spillar grew up in Texas. Her mother, Edna Hughes, was a nurse who used her GI benefits to attend college and then medical school. She met Spillar's father, Bliss Spillar, while they were studying for medical school together and the two moved to San Antonio.

## Education

Spillar graduated magna cum laude from Texas Christian University (TCU) in three years with a degree in urban studies. She holds a Master of Science interdisciplinary degree in Economics and Urban Studies from Trinity University.

## Political activism

When asked when she had become a feminist, Spillar told an interviewer, "I think I was born a feminist," although she later added that she probably discovered the term "feminism" during her undergraduate years at TCU. After the bid to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment failed on June 30, 1982, Spillar became active in the feminist movement. In 1983, she served as president of the National Organization for Women Los Angeles, then the largest chapter in the nation. During the four terms of her presidency, Spillar made progress on a number of fronts. An expert in anti-abortion violence, Spillar created a system for defending abortion clinics in Los Angeles and Orange County, inspiring thousands of volunteers to escort women safely past protestors. And in the wake of the beating of motorist Rodney King, she worked to establish the National Center for Women and Policing.
In 1992, under Spillar and Dolores Huerta's leadership, the Feminist Majority Foundation launched its Feminization of Power campaign, intended to inspire women to run for political office.
Spillar became executive editor of Ms. Magazine in 2005 and oversaw the creation of the Ms. Magazine blog, the expansion of international reporting, and the Ms. in the Classroom program, a digital platform that provides access to the magazine for college campuses around the world.
# Æbbe

Æbbe is an Anglo-Saxon female name. It may refer to:
* Saint Æbbe of Coldingham (c. 615–683) or Æbbe the Elder, abbess
* Saint Æbbe of Oxford, saint venerated in Oxfordshire
* Saint Æbbe of Minster-in-Thanet or Domne Eafe, 7th century abbess
* Saint Æbbe the Younger (died 870), abbess, whose existence is uncertain
# Canadian League of Rights

The Canadian League of Rights (CLR) was the Canadian offshoot of Eric Butler's Australian League of Rights. Following speaking tours of Canada in the mid-1960s, Eric Butler sought to establish of a local version of his organisation. The CLR was formed in 1968.
The CLR was run for most of its existence by Ron Gostick and Patrick Walsh. Like its sister organisations, the CLR adheres to social credit and antisemitism. Academic Stanley Barrett, author of Is God a Racist? The Right Wing in Canada and various studies race and ethnicity in Canada, suggested that the CLR had 10,000 members at its peak. The CLR was described as "one of Canada's largest and best organized anti-Semitic groups" in the 1987 book A Trust Betrayed. A notable member was Jim Keegstra.
The CLR linked with various groups such as the Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada and ran a book service selling Holocaust denial material. The third Crown Commonwealth League of Rights conference was held in 1983 in Canada. The CLR supported a tour of Canada by David Irving in 1991.
# Agnes Duff, Countess Fife

Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Duff, Countess Fife (née Hay; 12 May 1829 – 18 December 1869) was a Scottish aristocrat.

## Early life

Hay was born 12 May 1829 in Dublin, Ireland, the third child of William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll and Elizabeth FitzClarence.

## Marriage and family

On 16 March 1846, Hay was married to James Duff, son of General Hon. Sir Alexander Duff and Anne Stein, at the British Embassy in Paris, France. Duff later inherited the earldom of Fife upon the death of his uncle in 1857. The marriage had issue:
* Lady Anne Elizabeth Clementina Duff (16 August 1847 – 31 December 1925) married John Townshend, 5th Marquess Townshend (1831–1899) on 17 October 1865. They had two children.
* Lady Ida Louisa Alice Duff (11 December 1848 – 29 May 1918) married Adrian Elias Hope (1845–1919) on 3 June 1867. They had one daughter and later divorced. She married, secondly, William Wilson (1839–1905), a London stockbroker, on 20 September 1880.
* Alexander William George Duff (10 November 1849 – 29 January 1912) married Louise, Princess Royal (1867–1931), the eldest daughter of then Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, and Alexandra of Denmark, on 27 July 1889. He was created the Duke of Fife in 1889.
* Lady Alexina Duff (20 Mar 1851 – 30 Apr 1882) married Henry Aubrey Coventry (1845–1909), grandson of George Coventry, 8th Earl of Coventry, on 2 July 1870.
* Lady Agnes Cecil Emmeline Duff (1852–1925) married, firstly, George Robert Hay-Drummond (1849–1886), son of George Hay-Drummond, 12th Earl of Kinnoull, on 4 Oct 1871. They had issue, but later divorced. She married, secondly, Herbert Flower (1853–1881), brother of Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea, on 5 August 1876. She married thirdly, Alfred Cooper (1838–1908) on 4 July 1882, whose descendants include former British prime minister David Cameron.
* Lady Mary Hamilton Duff (20 February 1854 – 20 March 1854)
Agnes died at the age of 40.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Agnes Duff, Countess Fife :
# Adrijana

Adrijana is a given name of Slavic origin, meaning Adriana. Notable people with the name include:
* Adrijana Delić (born 1996), Serbian footballer
* Adrijana Hodžić (born 1975), Kosovar politician
* Adrijana Knežević (born 1987), Serbian basketball player
* Adrijana Krasniqi (born 1997), Swedish singer of Albanian-Macedonian origin
* Adrijana Lekaj (born 1995), Kosovan-Croatian tennis player
* Adrijana Mori (born 2000), Slovenian footballer
* Adrijana Pupovac (born 1984), Serbian politician
# Louis of France (1244–1260)

Louis of France (21 or 24 February 1244 – 11 January 1260) was the eldest son of King Louis IX of France and his wife Margaret of Provence. As heir apparent to the throne, he served as regent for a brief period.

## Regency

In 1248, King Louis and Queen Margaret traveled to Egypt to participate in the Seventh Crusade. During their absence, his grandmother, Blanche of Castile, acted as regent. However, when she died in 1252, his parents were still crusading and the eight-year-old Louis was appointed regent. He did not actually rule the country; real power was in the hands of a royal council, led by his uncles Alphonse and Charles. Nevertheless, royal deeds were sealed in his name, and correspondence to the government was addressed to him personally. The basis of the arrangement was the unwritten (at the time) principle of primogeniture in French law: in the absence of written instructions to the contrary, the king's eldest son automatically became regent during the king's absence. This regency ended when Louis IX returned to Paris in 1254.

## Education and engagement

In subsequent years, Louis was educated for his future role as king. The legal scholar Pierre de Fontaines dedicated his textbook Conseil à un ami to Prince Louis. On 20 August 1255, he was betrothed to Alfonso X of Castile's daughter Berengaria. At the time, she was heir presumptive of Castile. However, shortly after the betrothal, Ferdinand de la Cerda was born, displacing his sister.
Louis and his younger brother Philip witnessed the sealing and oaths confirming the 1259 Treaty of Paris, which was intended to end the territorial conflict between England and France that had been raging since 1180. This treaty required that King Henry III of England pay homage to King Louis IX of France, which he did the following year.

## Death and aftermath

Louis fell ill after Christmas 1259 and died shortly after New Year, at age 15 years, 10 months. The theologian Vincent of Beauvais wrote a consolatio for Louis IX, which is considered the traditional Christian consolation and a masterpiece in its genre. Louis' younger brother succeeded their father in 1270 as Philip III.
Louis was buried in Royaumont Abbey. He was not buried in the royal crypt in Saint-Denis, because a decree of Louis IX reserves this crypt for crowned heads. Nevertheless, Louis' body was transferred there in 1817.
# The Radio Hacker's Codebook

The Radio Hacker's Codebook is a book for computer enthusiasts written by George Sassoon. The book explains how to receive international radioteletype signals, convert them with a circuit and then decode them on a microcomputer. In the case of this book the computer is the superseded Research Machines 380Z. Programs to do these functions are given, written in machine code and BASIC. However legal and moral issues relating to intercepting messages are not included. Other radioteletype subject included are the FEC and automatic repeat request used in maritime radiocommunications.
The book also include an exposition of encryption, including the public key RSA cipher and presciently expounds on the lack of privacy in the cashless society. Code examples are also given using the Sharp PC-320I to encode and decode the German Enigma machine. The books claims that the Enigma was kept secret for long periods because understanding it could compromise the American M-209 cipher machine, and that it was still being sold to other countries. Other encryption topics covered include Data Encryption Standard, Vernam cipher (one-time pad), pseudo random number generators, transposition ciphers, and substitution ciphers
The Radio Hacker's Codebook is idiosyncratic revealing a personal quest by Sassoon to decrypt military signals on the radio spectrum. However he would have had no chance to decode modern encryption as described in the book.
The Radio Hacker's Codebook broke ground in having a low price for a technical computing book being sold for £6.95 well below the typical £10+ price for computing books at the time. It was published by Duckworth and had 239 pages.