OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Stafford (MP)

Sir Thomas Stafford (c. 1574 – 1655) was an English courtier, politician, and historian of the Irish Wars. He sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1593 and 1625.
Stafford was the illegitimate son of Sir George Carew. In 1593, he was elected Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. He was knighted in 1611. By 1619 he was a Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber to Queen Anne. In 1621, he was elected MP for Helston. He was elected MP for Bodmin in 1624. He was also Gentleman Usher to Queen Henrietta Maria.
Stafford married Lady Mary Killigrew (floruit 1621–55), widow of Sir Robert Killigrew of St. Margaret Lothbury, London, and daughter of Sir Henry Woodhouse of Waxham, after 1633. She was also the niece of Sir Francis Bacon, a friend of John Donne, and Sir Constantijn Huygens.
Stafford's will was made in 1653 and proved by his widow in February 1655. He was buried in the same tomb as the Earl of Totnes in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon, with a Latin inscription mentioning military service in Ireland.
# Hitda Codex

The Hitda Codex is an eleventh-century codex containing an evangeliary, a selection of passages from the Gospels, commissioned by Hitda, abbess of Meschede in about 1020. It is held at University and State Library Darmstadt. Hitda is depicted in the book's dedication miniature presenting the codex to the convent's patron, Saint Walburga. St. Walburga stands on a pedestal in the center of the composition, and has a golden halo surrounding her head. Behind the two women is the monastery that Hitda oversees, which fills the entire background.
The illuminations are highlights of the Cologne school in the later phases of the Ottonian Renaissance. The Hitda Codex contains the only surviving Life of Christ cycle of illuminations produced in Cologne from this period. The cycle's cultural context has been replicated by Henry Mayr-Harting.

## Gallery

* The Healing of St Peter's mother-in-law
* Healing of the demon-possessed
* Dedication miniature
* Healing of a man with a withered hand
* Jesus and the woman taken in adultery
* Raising of the son of the widow of Nain
* Christ in Majesty
* Baptism of Christ
* Annunciation
* Calming the storm
# Sir John Stanhope

Sir John Stanhope (1559 – 1611) was an English knight and landowner, and father of Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield.

## Career

John Stanhope was the son of Sir Thomas Stanhope (d. 1596) of Shelford Manor, Nottinghamshire, and Margaret Port, the daughter of Sir John Port of Etwall, Derbyshire, and Elizabeth Giffard.
Charles Cavendish had a feud with the Stanhope family over issues including a fish weir in the River Trent. He arranged to fight a duel with John Stanhope at Lambeth choosing rapiers as the weapon. They came to Lambeth bridge by boat. It was discovered that Stanhope was wearing a sword-proof padded doublet. The fight was called off. In November 1599 Cavendish was shot in the backside by Stanhope's followers while visiting Kirkby Hardwick.

## Marriages and family

Stanhope married firstly, Cordelia Alington, with whom he had his eldest son and heir, Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield (d.1656).
Stanhope married secondly, Catherine Trentham (1566–1621). Their children included:
* John (died 29 May 1638), later Sir, High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1629. Married Mary Radcliffe. He was granted Elvaston Castle and its estate, which had once belonged to the dissolved Shelford Priory, by his father. He was the great-grandfather of the 1st Earl of Harrington.
* Cordelia (1585 – buried 2 October 1639), married first Sir Roger Aston (died 1612) of Cranford, married second John Mohun, 1st Baron Mohun of Okehampton
* Jane (1606–1683), married first Sir Peter Courten, 1st baronet, and married second Francis Annesley, 1st Viscount Valentia, by whom she had nine children, died 1683/4, buried in the chancel of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham
* Catherine (1610–1694), married in 1631 to Sir Thomas Hutchinson (MP). They had three children; Charles Hutchinson, M.P. for Nottingham, Stanhope Hutchinson, and Isabella Hutchinson who married Charles Cotton.
* Anne or Anna Katherine (1593–1637), who married Thomas Cokain around the year 1607, and was the mother of the author Aston Cockain or Cockayne. As "Mrs Cokain", she was a correspondent of the poet John Donne.
* Dorothy (1595–1647)
* Thomas died at birth 1592-1592
# Riga Township, Michigan

Riga Township is a civil township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,286 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Riga can be found within the township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 40.9 square miles (106 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,439 people, 514 households, and 404 families residing in the township. The population density was 35.2 inhabitants per square mile (13.6/km$^2$). There were 543 housing units at an average density of 13.3 per square mile (5.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.43% White, 0.07% African American, 0.14% Asian, 1.39% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.45% of the population.
There were 514 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 107.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $50,368, and the median income for a family was $57,614. Males had a median income of $39,226 versus $26,667 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,968. About 4.4% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Borów Wielki

Borów Wielki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasteczko, within Nowa Sól County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Nowe Miasteczko, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Nowa Sól, and 30 km (19 mi) south of Zielona Góra.
# Persona non grata

In diplomacy, a persona non grata (PNG) (Latin: "person not welcome", plural: personae non gratae) is a foreign diplomat who is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplomatic mission (including the removal of diplomatic immunity). A host country may declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata at any time without any explanation.

## Diplomacy

Under Article 9 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a receiving state may "at any time and without having to explain its decision" declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata. A person so declared is considered unacceptable and is usually recalled to their home nation. If not recalled, the receiving state "may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the mission". A person can be declared persona non grata before even entering the country.
With the protection of mission staff from prosecution for violating civil and criminal laws, depending on rank, under Articles 41 and 42 of the Vienna Convention, they are bound to respect national laws and regulations. Breaches of these articles can lead to erring staff being declared persona non grata. The sanction is also used to expel diplomats suspected of espionage, described as "activities incompatible with diplomatic status", or criminal acts such as drug trafficking.
The declaration may also be a symbolic indication of displeasure. So-called "tit for tat" exchanges have occurred (whereby countries involved in a dispute each expel diplomats of the other country), notably during the Cold War. A notable occurrence outside of the Cold War was an exchange between the United States and Ecuador in 2011; the Ecuadorian government expelled the United States ambassador in response to the United States diplomatic cables leak, and the United States responded by expelling the Ecuadorian ambassador.

## Other usage

People other than diplomats can be declared persona non grata by a country.
In non-diplomatic usage, referring to someone as persona non grata is to say that the person is not popular or accepted by others.
In the Philippines, local legislatures of provinces, towns, and cities can declare certain people or groups, including non-diplomats and Filipino citizens, as persona non grata to express a negative sentiment toward the certain person through a non-binding resolution. This could be in response to the person breaking local ordinance or laws. This has also happened in Spain.
# 1906 Carlisle Indians football team

The 1906 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indian Industrial School of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, as an independent during the 1906 college football season.
Led by Bemus Pierce in his first and only season as head coach, the Indians compiled a record of 9–3 and outscored opponents 244 to 40. Vanderbilt had one of the first big upsets from the south when it defeated Carlisle 4 to 0. 1906 was the first season with a legal forward pass.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | | Villanova | Indian FieldCarlisle, PA | W 6–0 | |
| September 29 | | Albright | Indian FieldCarlisle, PA | W 82–0 | |
| October 3 | | Susquehanna | Indian FieldCarlisle, PA | W 48–0 | |
| October 6 | | vs. Penn State | Williamsport, PA | L 0–4 | |
| October 20 | | at Western University of Pennsylvania | Exposition ParkPittsburgh, PA | W 22–0 | 5,000 |
| October 27 | | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 24–6 | 20,000 |
| November 3 | 2:30 p.m. | vs. Syracuse | Olympic ParkBuffalo, NY | W 9–4 | 8,000 |
| November 10 | | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | L 0–5 | |
| November 17 | | at Minnesota | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 17–0 | 20,000 |
| November 22 | | at Vanderbilt | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | L 0–4 | 8,000 |
| November 24 | 3:00 p.m. | at Cincinnati | League ParkCincinnati, OH | W 18–0 | 5,000 |
| November 29 | | vs. Virginia | Lafayette FieldNorfolk, VA | W 18–17 | 7,000 |
# Romsdals Budstikke

Romsdals Budstikke is a daily (except Sundays) newspaper published in Molde, Norway.

## History and profile

Romsdals Budstikke was established in 1843. Politically the paper is liberal and used to be a newspaper for the Liberal Party, but has been independent since 1973. The coverage area includes Molde Municipality, Rauma Municipality, Vestnes Municipality, Aukra Municipality, Hustadvika Municipality, and Gjemnes Municipality.
Mecom owned Romsdals Budstikke until February 2009, when it was sold to the Polaris Media.
In the 1970s, the paper won a circulation war with its local competitor, Romsdal Folkeblad. In 2013 Romsdals Budstikke was named Newspaper of the Year in Norway.
Romsdals Budstikke had an all-time high circulation of 19,004 in 1999. In 2008 the circulation was 18,648. Its circulation was 12,632 copies and 14,903 digital subscribers in 2017 and 11,725 copies and 15,798 digital subscribers in 2019.
# John Whitman (businessman)

John Russell Whitman (June 8, 1944 – July 2, 2015) was an American businessman and investment banker who served as first gentleman of New Jersey from 1994 to 2001, as the husband of Governor Christine Todd Whitman. Whitman worked in the fields of banking and financial services.

## Early life and education

Whitman was born in Albany, New York in 1944. His grandfather, Charles S. Whitman, was the 41st Governor of New York (serving from 1915 to 1919), and his father, Charles Seymour Whitman Jr., was a New York civil court judge. He had a brother (Charles S. Whitman, III) and a sister (Janet Whitman).
Whitman earned a bachelor's degree from Yale University, graduating in 1966. He then served as a first lieutenant in the US Army during the Vietnam War. He received an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1971.

## Career

Whitman began his banking career with Citicorp in 1972, eventually rising to Vice President in charge of the Corporate Finance Department of Citicorp International Bank Ltd. in London.
Whitman served as Chairman and CEO of Prudential-Bache Interfunding from 1987 to 1990. He also was the managing partner of Sycamore Ventures, an international venture capital fund incorporated in the Cayman Islands.
During his wife's term as Governor of New Jersey, Whitman held no official role in her administration. He was appointed by his wife as co-chairman of the New Jersey World Cup Host Committee in 1994. He also mediated the 1995 negotiations between the New Jersey Devils and the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority that kept the Devils from moving to Nashville, Tennessee. In 1997, Whitman was appointed by his wife to head the fund raising committee to restore the dome of the New Jersey State House.

## Personal life

Whitman had met his future wife before they went on their first date, which occurred in 1973 at President Richard M. Nixon's inaugural ball. Whitman married the former Christine "Christie" Todd in 1974. They resided on a farm in the Oldwick section of Tewksbury Township, New Jersey. They had a son, Taylor, and a daughter, Kate, and six grandchildren.
On June 19, 2015, Whitman fell, resulting in a catastrophic brain injury. He died in a hospital at Morristown, New Jersey, on July 2, 2015, at the age of 71.
# Retail Zoo

Retail Zoo is an Australian company. It is the owner of multiple major restaurant chains, including Boost Juice, Betty’s Burgers and Salsa's Fresh Mex Grill. It also owned Cibo Espresso prior to that chain's sale in 2024.
It is a private company valued at around half a billion dollars. The company has explored a public listing on at least two occasions, first exploring and then putting on pause the idea in 2019; before resuming its pursuit of an IPO again in 2022. In February 2023, Australian private equity firm Adamantem Capital acquired a majority stake in the company for $350 million.

## History

Retail Zoo was founded by Janine and Jeff Allis in 2000. A majority stake was later sold to private equity investor Riverside Company. In 2014 Riverside's shareholding was purchased by Bain Capital. During this time, it explored a public listing on the ASX in 2019, but the listing ultimately didn't go ahead that year; and remained owned by Bain. In 2022 the company lodged documents with the Australian Securities & Investments Commission to change its status to a public company. However, it was later acquired by Australian private equity firm Adamantem Capital following a $225m capital raise through debt syndication by the Commonwealth Bank.
Its reported valuation history is as follows:
| Date | $Valuation | Source |
| 2014 | majority stake = $185m | SmartCompany |
| Oct, 2019 | $482m | Goldman Sachs estimate (sponsor-broker) |
| Apr, 2022 | $400m | AFR estimate |
| Feb, 2023 | majority stake = $350m | SmartCompany |
# Tecumseh Township, Michigan

Tecumseh Township is a civil township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,042 at the 2020 census. The city of Tecumseh is surrounded by three sides by the Township. The township was first organized in 1827.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34.2 km$^2$), of which 13.1 square miles (34.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km$^2$) (0.53%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,881 people, 672 households, and 583 families residing in the township. The population density was 143.3 inhabitants per square mile (55.3/km$^2$). There were 689 housing units at an average density of 52.5 per square mile (20.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.55% White, 0.48% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.45% of the population.
There were 672 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.6% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.2% were non-families. 9.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $69,276, and the median income for a family was $74,226. Males had a median income of $51,648 versus $31,071 for females. The per capita income for the township was $28,398. About 2.0% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Postern

A postern is a secondary door or gate in a fortification such as a city wall or castle curtain wall. Posterns were often placed in concealed locations, allowing inconspicuous entrance and exit. In the event of a siege, a postern could act as a sally port, allowing defenders to make a sortie on the besiegers. Placed in a less exposed, less visible location, they were usually relatively small, and therefore easily defensible.

## Tactical use

Posterns were one of the essential means of ensuring safe communication between the enceinte and the outerworks of a defensive fortification. An 1850 West Point course summary on permanent fortifications discusses the placement and construction of posterns.

## Examples

* In 1896, C.R. Condor, writing for the London Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society viewed Zion Gate in Jerusalem, built west of one of the city's medieval main gates, as a likely postern. Also mentioned were the postern of St. Lazarus, west of the Damascus Gate; the postern of the Tanners' Gate; and the postern of the Madeleine at Herod's Gate. Right of the Golden Gate is a small postern called the Gate of Jehosaphat.
* The city walls of York contained a number of posterns; at North Street Tower, the postern gate was demolished to accommodate the Great North of England Railway. The tower still stands. There were also posterns at Fishergate, and Longwalk. Around 1672, the Castlegate postern was made wide enough for carriages. The fourteenth-century Layerthorpe Bridge, a crossing of the Foss, adjacent to the King's Pool, was once attached to a postern in the city wall, known as Layerthorpe Postern. The original Skeldergate postern was only large enough to allow pedestrian traffic to and from the city.
* In Oxford, there was a postern in the east city wall called Windsore Postern. There were at least three posterns in the wall at New College Gardens.
* The Tower Hill Postern was a small fortified entrance at the eastern terminal point to the London Wall, at the junction of the Wall and the Tower of London moat. In the early 17th century the City and the Crown contested ownership of the postern as part of a Tower boundary dispute. Moorgate was built by upgrading a postern built in 1415, and enlarged in 1472 and 1511.

## Literature

In literature, a postern features in the Le Chanson de Girart de Roussillon, where the hero makes use of one to escape when betrayed; as does Renaud de Montauban in the chanson de geste, The Four Sons of Aymon. A postern also provided a safe retreat for Ogier the Dane.
In Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, "La Cote de Male Tayle" is rescued at the Castle Orgulous when a damsel slips through the postern to find his horse and ties it to the postern so that La Cote de Male Tayle can escape the 100 knights assailing him.
The term is occasionally used in other contexts referring to a secondary door placed after a main entrance.
* North Street Postern Tower (aka Barker Tower), York
* Postern in the rampart of Provins, Seine-et-Marne, France
# Sekanyonyi

Sekanyonyi, is a settlement in Mityana District, in the Central Region of Uganda.

## Location

The town is on the Mityana–Sekanyonyi–Busunju Road, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Mityana. where the district headquarters are located. Sekanyonyi is about 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Busunju on the Kampala–Hoima Road. The coordinates of Sekanyoni are 0°30'07.0"N, 32°08'19.0"E (Latitude:0.501951; Longitude:32.138608).

## Overview

The Mityana–Sekanyonyi–Busunju Road passes through the middle of town.
# Sfeçël

Sfeçël (in Albanian) or Svećnje (in Serbian) is a village in the municipality of Podujevo, Kosovo.
# Mangalore, Victoria

Mangalore is a locality in the state of Victoria, Australia. The town is the Shire of Strathbogie local government area, and is 12km north of Seymour and two hours from Melbourne by road. It is accessible by the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Hume Highway.
The area was named by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Anderson, commandant of the penal colony on Norfolk Island, who took up 34,000 hectares (85,000 acres) of land in the area in 1838. He called the property after the Indian military station, Mangalore, commanded by his brother, General John Anderson.
Mangalore used to be served by the Mangalore railway station, which was situated where the line to Shepparton branched from the North East line to Albury. The station was closed in the early 1980s, and the junction was moved back to Seymour in 1989. During World War II, an airfield was built in the area, which has since been upgraded to accommodate international aircraft in case Melbourne Airport is unavailable.

## Climate

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology maintains an automatic weather station at Mangalore airport.
Climate data for Mangalore Airport (temperatures 1959–present; rainfall 1957–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 46.3 (115.3) | 46.1 (115.0) | 39.9 (103.8) | 35.5 (95.9) | 28.4 (83.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 31.8 (89.2) | 36.3 (97.3) | 42.2 (108.0) | 44.0 (111.2) | 46.3 (115.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.4 (84.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.7 (62.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 21.1 (70.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 6.0 (42.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 3.2 (37.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 8.4 (47.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | −4.1 (24.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | −5.6 (21.9) | −3.8 (25.2) | −3.6 (25.5) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.3 (34.3) | −5.6 (21.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 43.3 (1.70) | 33.0 (1.30) | 35.8 (1.41) | 40.9 (1.61) | 53.2 (2.09) | 53.7 (2.11) | 55.3 (2.18) | 59.2 (2.33) | 53.6 (2.11) | 48.9 (1.93) | 48.1 (1.89) | 40.7 (1.60) | 565.8 (22.28) |
| Average rainy days | 5.2 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 7.0 | 112.7 |
| Average afternoon relative humidity (%) | 34 | 36 | 39 | 46 | 60 | 69 | 69 | 63 | 56 | 48 | 41 | 35 | 50 |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology ||||||||||||||