OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palaivana Paravaigal

Palaivana Paravaigal (transl. Desert Birds) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed by Senthilnathan. The film stars Sarathkumar, Anandaraj, newcomer Udhayan and newcomer Dharini. It was released on 15 September 1990, and ran for over 100 days in theatres.

## Plot

Mamu and Machi, two orphans and heartless criminals, are sentenced to the death penalty. Raja, their cellmate, is an innocent youth who is in love with Kaveri. Mamu and Machi decide to save Raja and they go to his village before their death sentence.

## Cast

* Sarathkumar as Mamu
* Anandaraj as Machi
* Udhayan as Raja
* Dharini as Kaveri
* Jaishankar as Sivaprakasam
* Jayanthi
* Senthil as Peruchali
* Sampathkumar as Pannaiyar
* Sethu Vinayagam as Advocate
* Charuhasan
* Senthilnathan
* Kula Deivam V. R. Rajagopal
* K. Natraj as Kannayiram
* S. N. Lakshmi
* Loose Mohan
* Kovai Senthil
* T. S. Raghavendra
* A. K. Veerasami

## Production

Palaivana Paravaigal is the first film to feature Anandaraj and Sarathkumar in leading roles, after several films where they portrayed negative roles.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ilayagangai.
| Song | Singer(s) | Lyrics | Duration |
| "Muthu Samba" | Malaysia Vasudevan, Uma Ramanan, Chorus | Muthulingam | 4:38 |
| "Naan Raakaalam" | S. N. Surendar, Sundarrajan, Sasirekha | Piraisoodan | 3:57 |
| "Naanga Mattum" | Malaysia Vasudevan, S. N. Surendar | Sembaya | 3:55 |
| "Saamy" | Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra | Piraisoodan | 4:36 |
| "Thingal Pathi" | Mano, Uma Ramanan | S. Kalayarasan | 3:55 |
# Temotu

Temotu may refer to:
* Temotu Province, a province of the Solomon Islands
* Temotu, Tuvalu, an islet of Vaitupu, Tuvalu
* Temotu, a village on Marakei, Kiribati
* Temotu, a village on Nonouti, Kiribati
# Diipetes

Diipetes are objects, likely meteorite fragments, with coincidental human and animal forms, venerated in Ancient Greece as "thrown by the gods". See also Acheiropoetos (literally ‘not-made-by-hand’), an early Judeo-Christian tradition, and icon.

## Examples

* Diipetes Xoano of Athena

## Other uses

The Diipetes Journal is a quarterly journal in Greek published in Greece covering classical paganism and Hellenic polytheism since 1991.
# Semyon Turovsky

Semyon Abramovich Turovsky (Russian, Семён Абрамович Туровский; 1895 – July 1, 1937) was a Soviet corps commander. He was born in what is now Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast in northern Ukraine. He fought for the Bolsheviks against the White movement during the Russian Civil War. During the Great Purge, he was denounced by Dmitry Shmidt as being a member of a Trotskyite conspiracy. He was arrested on September 4, 1936 and executed the following year. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner.
# Ranong (disambiguation)

Ranong may refer to these places in Thailand:
* the town Ranong
* Ranong Province
* Mueang Ranong district
# Biorka, Alaska

Biorka was an Aleut settlement located on Sedanka Island, off the coast of Unalaska Island. with the name Biorka first appearing in the early 19th Century.
Following the Japanese occupation of Attu and Kiska and the bombing of Dutch Harbor as part of the Aleutian Islands campaign during the Second World War, the US Government decided to evacuate the village of Biorka along with several other villages on the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, and the villagers were relocated to camps in Southeastern Alaska. The villagers of Biorka were sent to the Ward Lake CCC camp along with the villagers of Akutan, Kashega, Makushin and Nikolski where they suffered considerable hardship and 18% of the villagers at the camp perished during the war. To alleviate the overcrowding, the villagers of Biorka, Kashega and Makushin were moved to the facility at Burnett Inlet in 1944.
The villagers were brought back to the Aleutians in 1945. The villages were badly damaged or destroyed during the war due to a combination of Japanese bombing, destruction by US forces to prevent useful assets falling into the hands of advancing Japanese forces or looted. The US government determined that the villages of Biorka, Kashega, Makushin and Attu should not be resettled right away due to the required cost of rebuilding them. Attempts were made to re-settle Biorka through the late 1940s, however dwindling population combined with a violent storm in 1952 that destroyed or damaged most of the remaining houses forced the remaining residents to move to Unalaska.
# Pritam Singh (disambiguation)

Pritam Singh (born 1976) is a Singaporean politician.
Pritam Singh may also refer to:
* Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon (died 1942), Indian freedom fighter and Sikh missionary
* Pritam Singh Safir, (1916–1999), Indian poet
* Pritam Singh (soldier) (fl. 1942–51), Indian Army officer
* Pritam Singh (gymnast) (born 1924), Indian Olympic gymnast
* Pritam Singh (educationist) (1941–2020), Indian academic, educationist, and management professor
* Pritam Singh (politician, born 1958) (born 1958), Indian politician in Uttarakhand
* Pritam Singh Panwar (born 1966), Indian politician in Uttarakhand
* Ningthoujam Pritam Singh (born 1993), Indian footballer
* Pritam Kumar Singh (born 1995), Indian footballer
# List of Kannada-language newspapers

Part of a series on :
Newspapers of India :
Category :
Newspapers by languages :
Assamese
Bengali
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Malayalam
Marathi
Meitei (Manipuri)
Punjabi
Tamil
Telugu :
Related :
Newspapers by readership
Registrar of Newspapers for India
The Indian Newspaper Society :
India portal Journalism portal Technology portal :
The following is a list of notable Kannada language newspapers

## Daily

* Samyukta Karnataka
* Prajavani
* Kranti
* Kannada Prabha
* Udayavani
* Hosa Digantha
* Karavali Ale
* Mangaluru Samachara
* Mysooru Mithra
* Sanjevani
* Usha Kirana (now defunct)
* Varthabharathi
* Vijaya Karnataka
* Vijayavani
* Vishwavani
* Uttar Karnataka

## Weekly

* Hai Bangalore
* Lankesh Patrike
* Suddi Sangaati
# N. S. Vishwanathan

N. S. Vishwanathan (born 27 June 1958) was the deputy governor of Reserve Bank of India. On 28 June 2016, he was appointed by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet of the Government of India. He replaced H. R. Khan, whose term ended on 4 July 2016.

## Career

* Principal chief general manager in the department of non-banking supervision at Reserve Bank of India.
* Executive director at Reserve Bank of India since April 2014.
* Director of Punjab National Bank from 6 September 2012, to 31 May 2013.
* Nominee director at Dena Bank Ltd. from 30 May 2011, to 6 September 2012.
* Chief general manager of vigilance at IFCI Ltd.
# Mercedes-Benz O371

The Mercedes-Benz O371 is a coach built in Brazil by Mercedes-Benz from the 1980s to the late-1990s. It was the replacement for the Mercedes-Benz O303 chassis in South America and was widely used in South America. It was also used widely in other countries like Mexico, or Costa Rica. The O371 was an entirely Mercedes-Benz built product, but the chassis was also sent to bodyworkers including Marcopolo or Busscar.

## Coach buses
### O371R

The O371R was marketed between mid-1980 and early 1990s. It featured a Mercedes-Benz OM355/5A at 230HP. It has a spring suspension.

### O371RS

The O371RS was marketed between the 1980s and early 1990s as O370RS. It featured a Mercedes-Benz OM355/6A turbocharger aspirated engine with output of 291 hp. The gearbox coupled to the engine was the ZF S6-90, and has pneumatic suspension. The O371RS chassis was used in the O371RS model production, by Mercedes-Benz do Brasil and others like Busscar or Nielson, Marcopolo S.A.

### O371RSL

The O371RSL was marketed between 1992 and early 1994. It featured a Mercedes-Benz OM447LA Turbo-intercooler engine with output of 354cv and 360cv. This was an experimental engine and replaced the OM355 series, and was used in all the O371 models and in the next generation of buses Mercedes-Benz O400 until 2000, the year that the electronic engine OM457LA was introduced. The gearbox was the ZF S 6 - 1550. The O371RSL chassis was similar with the O371RS chassis but its length was 13.20 meters.

### O371RSD

The O371RSD was marketed between mid-1980 and early 1990 as O370RSD. It featured a Mercedes-Benz OM355/6LA turbo intercooler engine with output of 326 hp. After 1994 was impulsed by an OM447LA of 354cv and 360cv. The gearbox was the same of the O371RS, also after 1994 it used the same gearbox that was used in O371RSL. The difference is the rear axis, because the axis that move the vehicle is behind the auxiliary axle, opposite to the European bus version.

## Urban buses
### O371U

The O371U was a small integral bus for urban use, having been produced from 1987 to 1994. In its last year of production it featured the front mask of the O400 family.

### O371UL

The O371UL was an integral bus for urban use, having been produced from 1994 to 1996. It was the evolution of O371U, having gained a few inches in width and some horsepower. It also featured the front mask of the O400 family. Many units of this model could be found in use in the region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil between 1994 and 2006.

### O371UP

The O371UP was an integral bus and platform for urban use, having been produced from 1987 to 1993. It was the most powerful integral bus of Mercedes-Benz ever produced, featuring a 187 hp OM355/5A 9.6l 5-cylinder engine, with its use being recommended to cities with integrated transport systems. By far, the Brazilian city that saw the most units of O371UP integral buses and platforms in operation was Curitiba.
# Ungnyeo

Ungnyeo (Korean: 웅녀; Hanja: 熊女; lit. 'bear woman') was a bear who became a woman according to the creation myth of the Korean nation.

## Story

In the tale, a tiger and a bear lived together in a cave and prayed to the divine king Hwanung to be made human. Hwanung heard their prayers and gave them 20 cloves of garlic, a bundle of mugwort and ordered them to stay out of the sunlight and eat only this food for 100 days. Due to hunger, the tiger left the cave after roughly 20 days, but the bear remained inside. After 21 days, she was transformed into a woman.
Ungnyeo was grateful and made offerings to Hwanung. Her lack of a husband drove her to depression, and she began to pray beneath a sacred betula tree (신단수; 神檀樹) to be blessed with a child. Hwanung heard her prayers and was deeply moved. He took Ungnyeo as his wife and soon after, she gave birth to a son, Dangun, who would go on to found the nation of Korea.

## Interpretation of the story

There are two main characteristics of Ungnyeo. The founding myth of the Korean ancient nation generally sets the founder's paternal blood line as the Cheonsin (천신; 天神; lit. 'sky god') and the mother line as the Jisin (Korean: 지신; Hanja: 地神; lit. 'land god'). As a result, Ungnyeo is regarded as a type of totem deified by Dangun's mother lineage.
On the other hand, the bear itself has religious implications. The bear is the god of the land and symbolizes the uterus that produces products in farming culture. Thus, bears are predominantly interpreted as female. Ungnyeo is also interpreted as a kind of female god.
# Emil Caswell

Emil George Henry Caswell was the Dean of St George's Cathedral, Georgetown, Guyana, from 1894 until 1910.
Born in 1854, he was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and began his career with curacies at St Mary, West Rainton, and St Andrew's, Auckland, before incumbencies at Hunwick and Bishopwearmouth. After his spell overseas, he returned to the North East as Vicar of St John's, Darlington, now defunct.
Caswell died of heart failure in Darlington on 16 May 1913, aged 59. He and his wife, Ethel, had six children.
# Neopolitan Dreams

"Neopolitan Dreams" is a song performed and written by Australian singer–songwriter Lisa Mitchell from her second extended play Welcome to the Afternoon (2008) and first studio album, Wonder (2009). It was released in August 2008 by Scorpio Music and peaked at number 70 on the Australian ARIA chart in August 2009, a year after it was first released.
The song sold 22,000 copies on iTunes alone after it was used in European commercials for Surf detergent, 3 mobile tv (UK) and Deutsche Telekom as well as in the US for cream cheese.

## Music video

The official music video was released on 5 September 2008.

## Track listing

* Australian iTunes single
* "Neopolitan Dreams" – 3:30
* "Fall in Line" – 2:45

## Charts

Chart performance for "Neapolitan Dreams" :
| Chart (2008–2009) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 70 |
| Germany (GfK) | 33 |

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Neapolitan Dreams" :
| Region | Date | Label | Format |
| Australia | 2 August 2008 | Scorpio Music | Digital download |
| United States | 11 August 2009 | Ugly Truth | Digital download |
# Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts

Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA) is an arts service organization representing professional theatre, dance and opera companies in the City of Toronto. Amongst their 175 members are the Canadian Opera Company, Luminato, Factory Theatre, Mirvish Productions, and Theatre Passe Muraille. As a lobby and advocacy group, it has been credited with playing a major role in raising Toronto's theatrical profile. TAPA also presents the annual Dora Mavor Moore Awards, operates T.O. TIX (Toronto's central ticketing outlet), and publishes Go Live Toronto, an online guide to theatre, dance and opera performances in the city. In 2008, the organization published a detailed survey of Toronto's performing arts groups, the first of its kind to be conducted there.

## History

TAPA was originally formed in 1977 and officially incorporated in 1979. Then known as the ‘Toronto Theatre Alliance’, the organization was much smaller, and has since grown substantially. Over a decade ago TAPA was faced with a financial crisis, and the organization nearly closed its doors.
# John Eyre Sloane

John Eyre Sloane (September 16, 1886 – July 17, 1970) was an American industrialist.
He was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to well-known scientist, inventor and author, Dr. T. O'Conor Sloane. He established one of the country's first airplane manufacturing plants in Long Island City, Queens, New York City in 1912.

## Early life and education

Sloane was born on September 16, 1886. He graduated from Columbia University in 1908.

## Career

He established Sloane Manufacturing Co. in 1915, which was later reorganized into Standard Aircraft Corporation and sold to Mitsui & Co.

## Personal life and death

He married Thomas Edison's daughter, Madeleine, and they had four children, Thomas Edison Sloane, John Edison Sloane, Michael Edison Sloane and Peter Edison Sloane. He died in 1970. He was the younger brother of photographer T. O'Conor Sloane Jr.
# Yevgeny Zhuravlev

Yevgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev (Russian: Евгений Петрович Журавлев), (October 8, 1896 - May 11, 1983) was a Soviet lieutenant-general in World War II.

## Biography

Zhuravlev was born in the village of Roudkovka in the Chernigov Governorate in the Russian Empire, now in Ukraine.
In 1915, he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and fought in World War I on the Southwestern Front. He joined the Red Army during the February Revolution in Petrograd in 1918. He commanded a detachment of partisans in a revolutionary committee. From August 1919 to August 1924, he commanded a cavalry brigade in the Cossack corps. In 1925 and 1929 he studied at the Frunze Military Academy. In 1936, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the 5th Cavalry Corps. In October 1937, he became a teacher in the department of advanced cavalry training tactics for commanders. In 1940, he participated in the last weeks of the Winter War against Finland.
He was promoted to Major General on June 4, 1940. During World War II, he commanded the 5th Mechanised Corps in August 1941, which he led out of the Smolensk Pocket. In November 1941, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Kalinin Front. From September 1942 to January 1943, he commanded the 29th Army and from January 1943 to March 1943, the 53rd Army. He was promoted to lieutenant general on September 9, 1943. From March 1943 to October 1943, he commanded the 68th Army and from October 1943 to February 1944, the 21st Army. From February 1944 to November 1944, he commanded the 18th Army and took part in the Dnieper-Carpathian Offensive, after which he was put into the reserve.
After the war, he was appointed to the post of deputy commander of the 27th army and, in November 1945, deputy commander of the Carpathian Military District. In March 1955, he was appointed to the post of Chief of the Land Force Personnel Department, until December 1960, when he retired.

## Sources

* generals.dk
* Коллектив авторов. Великая Отечественная. Командармы. Военный биографический словарь / Под общей ред. М. Г. Вожакина. — М.; Жуковский: Кучково поле, 2005. — С. 76—77. — ISBN 5-86090-113-5.
* encyclopedia.mil.ru
# Swaminathan Janakiraman

Swaminathan Janakiraman (4 February 1964) is an Indian career banker who served as the Managing Director State Bank of India from January 2021 until June 2023.
On 20 June 2023, he was appointed as the Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India by the Government of India. He served the State Bank of India for 34 years and became a managing director.
# Wilaru

Wilaru is an extinct genus of presbyornithid bird from Australia during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, around 26-22 million years ago. The type species is Wilaru tedfordi, and the second species is Wilaru prideauxi.

## Discovery and naming

The type species, Wilaru tedfordi, was described from fossil material collected from Lake Pinpa, Lake Palankarinna and Billeroo Creek, specifically in the Namba Formation of Lake Eyre Basin, north-eastern South Australia. The genus name Wilaru is the term for “stone curlew” in the Diyari language of the Lake Eyre region. The specific epithet of the type species W. tedfordi honours American palaeontologist Richard H. Tedford (1929–2011) of the American Museum of Natural History, who led the 1971 expedition to Lake Pinpa during which much of the descriptive material was collected.
The second species, Wilaru prideauxi, was first named in 2016 after the Australian vertebrate paleontologist Gavin Prideaux, who worked on Lake Ngapakaldi of the Wipajiri Formation in South Australia where the specimen of W. prideauxi was discovered and on various Australian mammals which lived during the Oligocene to Miocene epochs. W. prideauxi was properly named in 2020 after the authors republished the study as a correction with Zoobank Registration. The holotype of W. tedfordi is a left humerus (SAMA P48925), while the holotype of W. prideauxi is a right tarsometatarsus (SAMA P53136).

## Description and ecology

Compared to other presbyornithids, Willaru appeared to have been specialised to a more terrestrial lifestyle, based on its tarsometatarsal morphology. In particular, the latter W. prideauxi appears to have been more specialised towards terrestriality than the earlier W. tedfordi, being larger and more robust, indicating a clear speciation towards this lifestyle and therefore a direct species sequence.
Like many modern waterfowl, the Willaru species had spurs and knobs on their carpals. Like the closely related modern-day screamers, these were almost certainly used to fight, indicating perhaps territorial habits, as opposed to the more gregarious nature of earlier presbyornithids.
Willaru co-existed with several anatid and anseranatid species, indicating that there was little ecological competition. It is possible that a speciation towards terrestriality might have spared it from competition with more derived waterfowl, allowing it to live longer than other presbyornithids.

## Classification

It was originally classified as a stone-curlew, but subsequently it was argued to be the youngest member of the extinct family Presbyornithidae instead. The discovery of a similar Eocene presbyornithid Murgonornis archeri also supported this taxonomic assignment. A 2024 phylogenetic analysis recovered Wilaru within various positions of Galloanserae, making its identity as a presbyornithid questionable. However, a 2025 study which reported a nearly complete skull of Vegavis revised the phylogenetic analyses of Galloanserae and recovered Wilaru as a member of the Presbyornithidae within Anseriformes.
# Ker v. Illinois

Ker v. Illinois, 119 U.S. 436 (1886), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously held that a fugitive kidnapped from abroad could not claim any violation of the Constitution, laws or treaties of the United States.
The incident that led to this decision involved a Pinkerton Detective Agency agent, Henry Julian, was hired by the federal government to collect a larcenist, Frederick Ker, who had fled to Peru. Although Julian had the necessary extradition papers—the two governments had negotiated an extradition treaty a decade earlier—he found that there was no official to meet his request due to the recent Chilean military occupation of Lima. Rather than return home empty-handed, Julian kidnapped the fugitive, with assistance from Chilean forces, and placed him on a U.S. vessel heading back to the United States.
# Nergens zonder jou

"Nergens zonder jou" (Dutch pronunciation:; "Nowhere Without You") is a song recorded by Dutch artists Guus Meeuwis and Gers Pardoel. It was released on 4 November 2011 through Universal Music Group. The song was written by Guus Meeuwis, Jan Willem Rozenboom and Jan Willem Roy and was produced by Rob van Donselaar and Rozenboom. At first, "Nergens zonder jou" was recorded only by Guus Meeuwis, for his eighth studio album Armen open, without rap vocals by Gers Pardoel. Later, the artists decided to collaborate and the song including Gers Pardoel's rap was released as a digital download.

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Nergens zonder jou" – 3:50

## Charts and certifications
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 5 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 5 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 70 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 69 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format |
| Netherlands | 4 November 2011 | Digital download |
# Cornelius A. Cadmus

Cornelius Andrew Cadmus (October 7, 1844 – January 20, 1902) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district for two terms from 1891 to 1895.

## Biography

Born at Dundee Lake (now part of Elmwood Park, New Jersey), Cadmus attended public schools in New Jersey. After finishing schooling, he engaged in the feed and grain business in Paterson, New Jersey. He served as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1884 and 1885, as well as Sheriff of Passaic County from 1887 to 1890.

### Congress

Cadmus was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895), but did not put himself forward as a candidate for renomination in 1894.

### Later career

He resumed his former business pursuits while also serving as a member of the board of inspectors of the New Jersey prison.

### Death and burial

He died in Paterson, January 20, 1902, and was interred in Cedar Lawn Cemetery in Paterson.
# Francis Joseph Fitzgerald

Francis Joseph Fitzgerald (12 April 1869 – 11 February 1911) was a Canadian who became a celebrated Boer War veteran and the first commander of the Royal North-West Mounted Police detachment at Herschel Island in the Western Arctic (1903). From December 1910 until February 1911, he led a mail patrol from Fort McPherson southward to Dawson City. When the patrol did not arrive in time, a search party, led by Corporal William Dempster, was sent from Dawson City and found the bodies of Fitzgerald and the other patrol members. The trip became known as "The Lost Patrol" and as "one of Yukon’s greatest tragedies."
* Francis Fitzgerald Bridge, Halifax Public Gardens, Nova Scotia (1911)
* Francis Fitzgerald Bridge Plaque
* Tomb for "The Lost Patrol", Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories (right of the flagpole)
* Dempster Highway, south of Inuvik, Northwest Territories, named after Inspector Dempster who found "The Lost Patrol"
* Dempster Highway near the Richardson Mountains