OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Queen: The Ladies Newspaper and Court Chronicle

The Queen: The Ladies Newspaper and Court Chronicle or simply The Queen was a magazine created in 1864 in London. The title became Queen in the 1950s, then Harpers and Queen in the UK and then part of the British Harper's Bazaar.

## History

In 1861 Samuel Orchart Beeton ("Mrs Beeton"'s husband) had founded a paper named "The Queen" about fashion and culture for upper class women of society. Edward William Cox bought the title the following year and at the same time he bought the Queen's rival that was named "The Ladies' Paper". He merged the two publications into "The Queen: The Ladies Newspaper and Court Chronicle" in 1864. Elizabeth Lowe was offered the position of editor with Howard Cox (the owner's nephew) as overall manager of the enlarged magazine.
"The Queen" became Lowe's life's work. It grew from the sixteen pages to include colour plates, paper patterns as supplements and after she divided the page into sections the circulation grew. In time the magazine had 144 pages and this included ten pages of adverts which added to its commercial success. She achieved a scoop when "The Queen" included original sketches by "The Queen". Queen Victoria had her sketches included and there was also stories by princesses.
In June 1887 Queen Victoria's reign reached fifty years and in the issue that celebrated that event the publication lauded the achievement of Agnata Butler who was the only person to be placed in the top division of all the students taking the Classical Tripos that year.
When Lowe died in 1897, her job as editor went to Lowe's sister's daughter Ethel Deane. Deane later published "The Collector" which was a book containing reprints from recent editions of The Queen that could of continuing interest to collectors.
The title became "Queen" in the 1950s before merging into "Harpers and Queen" in the UK and in time that became part of the British Harpers Bazaar.
# Pan Jianwei

Pan Jianwei (Chinese: 潘建伟; pinyin: Pān Jiànwěi; born 11 March 1970) is a Chinese academic administrator and quantum physicist. He is a university administrator and professor of physics at the University of Science and Technology of China. Pan is known for his work in the field of quantum entanglement, quantum information and quantum computers. In 2017, he was named one of Nature's 10, which labelled him "Father of Quantum". He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the World Academy of Sciences and Executive Vice President of the University of Science and Technology of China. He also serves as one of the Vice Chairman of Jiusan Society.

## Early life and education

Pan was born in Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang province in 1970. In 1987, he entered the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), from which he received his bachelor's and master's degrees. He received his PhD from the University of Vienna in Austria, where he studied and worked in the group led by Nobel prize winning physicist Anton Zeilinger.

## Contributions

Pan's team demonstrated five-photon entanglement in 2004. Under his leadership, the world's first quantum satellite launched successfully in August 2016 as part of the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale, a Chinese research project. In June 2017, Pan's team used their quantum satellite to demonstrate entanglement with satellite-to-ground total summed lengths between 1600km and 2400km and entanglement distribution over 1200km between receiver stations.
In 2021, Pan led a team which built quantum computers. One of the devices, named "Zuchongzhi 2.1", was claimed to be one million times faster than its nearest competitor, Google's Sycamore.

## Awards and recognition

Pan was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011 at the age of 41, making him one of the youngest CAS academicians. He was then elected to the World Academy of Sciences in 2012 and won the International Quantum Communication Award in the same year.
In April 2014, he was appointed Vice President of the University of Science and Technology of China.
His team's work on double quantum-teleportation was selected as the Physics World "Top Breakthrough of the Year" in 2015. His team, whose members include Peng Chengzhi, Chen Yu'ao, Lu Chaoyang, and Chen Zengbing, won the State Natural Science Award (First Class) in 2015.
In 2017, the journal Nature named Pan, along with such figures as Ann Olivarius and Scott Pruitt, one of the top 10 people who made "a significant impact in science either for good or for bad", with the label "Father of Quantum" given to Pan. The same year he won the Future Science Prize.
Pan was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018. The same year, he became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.
In 2019, Pan was appointed as lead editor of Physical Review Research. He also received The Optical Society's R. W. Wood Prize.
In 2020, Pan received the ZEISS Research Award.
# EHealthInsurance

eHealth, Inc., doing business as eHealthInsurance, is a publicly traded online marketplace for health insurance, organized in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California. The company primarily provides plans related to Medicare such as prescription drug plans, Medigap, and Medicare Advantage plans. The company also sells individual plans, competing with health insurance marketplaces. The company sells plans in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia from 170 health insurance carriers. Its large staff of licensed agents assist consumers with little or no computer experience with their online enrollments.
The company has a corporate office in Santa Clara, California, and satellite offices in Gold River, California, Salt Lake City, Utah, Austin, Texas and Indianapolis, Indiana.

## History

eHealth, Inc. was founded in 1997.
In 2006, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. The company opened at the NASDAQ exchange with $14 a share.
In 2010, eHealth acquired PlanPrescriber, Inc. for $28.7 million in cash. PlanPrescriber provides tools to help people choose the right Medicare plan.
In 2013, eHealth, along with other "web brokers", signed deals with Healthcare.gov to enroll subsidy-eligible consumers in the newly approved health plans offered through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
In 2014, eHealth acquired the Medicare.com domain name for $4.8 million.
In March 2015, the company announced 72 layoffs, with plans to lay off 160 people.
In May 2016, the company appointed Scott Flanders, a director of the company since 2008, as CEO. Former CEO Gary Lauer continued in an advisory role through the end of 2016.
In August 2016, eHealth announced that it had insured 5 million people.
In 2017, the company said it rejected takeover offers.
In 2018, eHealth acquired GoMedigap, a consumer acquisition and engagement electronic platform tailored to Medigap insurance.
In 2019 eHealth announced the development of an Eastern Headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana.
In March 2020, eHealth announced its follow-on public offering of 1,800,000 shares, priced at $115/share, of its common stock, designed to raise an additional $207M. Three days later they announced the closing of the offering, with the 275,000 share option also having been exercised, raising a net proceeds of approximately $227.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated expenses of the offering.
In November 2021, eHealth appointed Fran Soistman as CEO. Former CEO Scott Flanders continued in an advisory role through the end of 2021.

## Political involvement

In 2013, eHealth's former CEO, Gary Lauer encouraged governors that are planning to create their own online healthcare marketplaces to adopt a cost-free enrollment strategy.
In 2015, eHealth's former CEO, Gary Lauer advocated reforms to help the middle-class afford health insurance.
In 2017, eHealth CEO Scott Flanders argued publicly for changes to the Affordable Care Act in order to lower costs for self-employed, middle-class workers who cannot afford health insurance.
# Promote Mandarin Council

The Promote Mandarin Council (Mandarin Chinese: 讲华语运动, romanized: Jiǎng huáyǔ yùndòng, lit. 'Speak Mandarin Campaign') is a Singaporean organisation established in 1979 as part of then-PM Lee Kuan Yew's programme to promote Mandarin as the preferred language amongst Chinese Singaporeans.

## Background

In 1966 the Singapore Government institutionalised a bilingual education policy, under which Singaporean students were required to learn both English and their "designated mother-tongue". For ethnic-Chinese Singaporeans, the designated language was Mandarin, in line with the national language policy pursued in both Nationalist and Communist China. The Goh Report, an evaluation of Singapore's education system by Dr. Goh Keng Swee, claimed that less than 40% of the student population managed to attain the minimum level of competency in two languages. The Government then alleged that learning of Mandarin amongst the Singapore Chinese was hindered by the home use of various varieties of Chinese. These varieties included Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese and Hakka. Since then, the Singapore Government has pursued a hostile stance against these varieties, and has promoted the use of Mandarin as a universal mother-tongue amongst Singapore Chinese.

## Establishment

In 1979, then-PM Lee Kuan Yew decided to establish the Promote Mandarin Commission as an organisation focused entirely on the promotion of the Mandarin language, with the initial goal of eliminating all other Chinese varieties in Singapore within the next decade. In 1998, the Commission was officially renamed as the Promote Mandarin Council.
# Apollonio Domenichini

Apollonio Domenichini, alternatively referred to as the Maestro della Fondazione Langmatt, or Menichini or il Menichino (Venice, 1715 - c.1770) was an Italian painter of vedute, active in Venice, Italy, between 1740 and 1770.
He was a pupil of Luca Carlevarijs and Johan Richter. He is best known for his pictorial representations of views of Venice and its surroundings. His name is recorded in the records of the fraglia or guild of Venetian painters in 1757, and it often appears as the painter of many works sent by the art dealer Giovanni Maria Sasso to the English minister John Strange in the second half of the eighteenth century. His name was proposed as the "master of the Langmatt Foundation" name from the series of thirteen vedute owned by the Langmatt Foundation in Baden near Zurich.

## Sources

* The information in this article is based on that in its French equivalent.
# Águas Lindas de Goiás

Águas Lindas de Goiás is a municipality located in central Goiás, Brazil. It is the fifth largest city in the state and one of the fastest-growing cities in Brazil.

## Geography
### Location

Águas Lindas is 193 km. from the state capital of Goiânia. Highway connections with Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-414 / Cocalzinho de Goiás / BR-070. For the complete list see It has borders with Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Cocalzinho de Goiás, and Brasília. It is located west of Brasília and borders on the boundary of the Federal District. It is part of the Entorno do Distrito Federal micro-region, which has over 960,000 inhabitants.

## Demographics

* Population: 195,810 (IBGE 2017)
* Population in 2000: 105,746
* Population density: 846.02 inhabitants/km$^2$ (2017)
* Urban and Rural Population: 131,541 / 343
* Population growth rate 2000/2007: 3.21%

## Economy

The city has no major industries but has a variety of small commercial enterprises ranging from small offices, bars, grocery stores and larger supermarkets. Small industries manufacture furniture, sewage pipes, bicycles, sweets and toys. The informal economy is very strong and many people have stalls in fairs either in the city or in neighboring cities.
* Industrial establishments: 62
* Commercial retail establishments: 686
* Financial institutions: Banco Itaú SA (2), Banco do Brasil S.A., Caixa Econômica Federal
Due to the small territory and the urban characteristics there were no agricultural products registered with the IBGE.
The existence of Águas Lindas is recent, being dismembered in 1997 from the municipality of Santo Antônio do Descoberto. In 1996 the population of what was just a district was already 61,478. By 2000 it had increased to 105,000.
Its only reason for existence is Brasília and the need for lower class and lower middle class residents of that city or migrants from rural areas to find affordable housing. The infrastructures are precarious as evidenced by the existence of only one hospital for a city of over 100,000 people, only four bank branches, and only one post office. The per capita income is low and most of the inhabitants take buses every day to work in Brasília.
* Schools: 74
* Teachers: 1,030
* Students: 43,150
* Higher education: Faculdade Brasil Central - FBC; Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG.
* Hospitals: 1 (2007)
* Hospital beds: 68
* Infant mortality rate: 18.19 (2014)
* Literacy rate: 88.1 (2000)
* Municipal Human Development Index in 2014: 0.686
* National ranking: 2282 (out of 5565 municipalities)
# List of mayors of Shkodër

This is a list of mayors of Shkodër who have served since the Albanian Declaration of Independence of 1912.

## Mayors (1912–present)

| No. | Name | Term in office | Term in office |
| 1 | Muharrem Gjylbegu | 1912 | 1916 |
| 2 | Musa Juka | 1916 | 1920 |
| 3 | Muhamet Gjyrezi | 1924 | 1924 |
| 4 | Kol Mjeda | 1924 | 1925 |
| 5 | Mehmet Shpuza | 1925 | 1925 |
| 6 | Rrustem Ymeri | 1928 | 1929 |
| 7 | Izet Dibra | 1929 | 1930 |
| 8 | Zenel Prodani | 1930 | 1931 |
| 9 | Rrustem Ymeri | 1931 | 1933 |
| 10 | Zenel Prodani | 1933 | 1937 |
| 11 | Ndoc Çoba | 1937 | 1939 |
| 12 | Mark Karrakiqi | 1939 | 1942 |
| 13 | Zef Shiroka | 1942 | 1943 |
| 14 | Loro Suma | 1943 | 1943 |
| 15 | Zef Gjeta | 1943 | 1944 |
| Executive Committee (1944–1992) ||||
| 16 | Dhimitër Bojaxhiu | 1944 | 1945 |
| 17 | Shyqyri Hafizi | 1949 | 1949 |
| 18 | Luigj Shala | 1960 | 1964 |
| 19 | Hilmi Nurja | 1970 | 1973 |
| 20 | Agim Dardha | 1986 | 1989 |
| Pluralism (1992–present) ||||
| 21 | Filip Guraziu | 1992 | 1996 |
| 22 | Bahri Boriçi | 1996 | 2000 |
| 23 | Ormir Rusi | 2000 | 2003 |
| 24 | Artan Haxhi | 2003 | 2007 |
| 25 | Lorenc Luka | 2007 | 2015 |
| 26 | Voltana Ademi | 2015 | 2022 |
| 27 | Bardh Spahia | 2022 | 2023 |
| 28 | Benet Beci | 2023 | Incumbent |
# Abu-Mahmud Khujandi

Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr al-Khujandi (known as Abu Mahmood Khujandi, al-khujandi or Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940 – 1000) was a Muslim Transoxanian astronomer and mathematician born in Khujand (now part of Tajikistan) who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray (near today's Tehran), in Iran.

## Astronomy

Khujandi worked under the patronage of the Buwayhid Amirs at the observatory near Ray, Iran, where he is known to have constructed the first huge mural sextant in 994 AD, intended to determine the Earth's axial tilt ("obliquity of the ecliptic") to high precision.
He determined the axial tilt to be 23°32'19" for the year 994 AD. He noted that measurements by earlier astronomers had found higher values (Indians: 24°; Ptolemy 23° 51') and thus discovered that the axial tilt is not constant but is in fact (currently) decreasing. His measurement of the axial tilt was however about 2 minutes too small, probably due to his heavy instrument settling over the course of the observations.

## Mathematics

Khujandi stated a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem for n = 3, but his attempted proof of the theorem was incorrect. The spherical law of sines may have also been discovered by Khujandi, but it is uncertain whether he discovered it first, or whether Abu Nasr Mansur, Abul Wafa or Nasir al-Din al-Tusi discovered it first.
# Night Key

Night Key is a 1937 American science fiction crime film starring Boris Karloff and released by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

The inventor of a burglar alarm attempts to get back at the man who stole the profits to his invention (Hinds) before he goes blind. The device is then subverted by gangsters who apply pressure to the inventor and use his device to facilitate burglaries.

## Cast

* Boris Karloff - David Mallory
* Warren Hull - Jimmy Travis (billed as J. Warren Hull)
* Jean Rogers - Joan Mallory
* Alan Baxter - "The Kid"
* Samuel S. Hinds - Stephen Ranger (billed as Samuel Hinds)
* Hobart Cavanaugh - "Petty Louie"
* David Oliver - "Mike"
* Ward Bond - "Fingers"
* Frank Reicher - Carl
* Edwin Maxwell - Kruger

## Production

Filming began on January 18, 1937, with a budget of $175,000. Filming ended on either February 16 or February 20, 6 days over schedule and $17,000 over budget.
This was the last film in which Boris Karloff was billed by only his last name, a policy that Universal had begun with The Old Dark House in 1932 and had continued for eight films across six years during the height of Karloff's career.

## Home video release

This film, along with Tower of London, The Climax, The Strange Door and The Black Castle, was released on DVD in 2006 by Universal Studios as part of The Boris Karloff Collection.
This DVD set contains the rerelease version of this film from Realart Pictures, Inc. It also contains the rerelease version of the theatrical trailer
The packaging for this DVD set erroneously indicates that this film has a running time of 78 minutes.
# Vicente Duterte

Vicente Gonzales Duterte (Tagalog pronunciation:; November 23, 1911 – February 21, 1968), also known by his nicknames Nene and Teti, was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and father of Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th president of the Philippines. He became governor of the then-unified province of Davao in 1959, succeeding Alejandro Almendras who was elected Senator.

## Early life

Duterte was born to Facundo Buot Duterte and Zoila Gonzáles from northern Cebu, who also traces her roots in Iloilo. He had four siblings and a half-brother.

## Political career

Duterte previously served as Mayor of Danao, Cebu after he was appointed in that position in an acting capacity by then President Sergio Osmeña. He and his family moved to Davao in 1949.From 1959 to 1965, Vicente Duterte served as governor of Davao.
On December 30, 1965, during his term as governor, Duterte was appointed to be Secretary of the Department of General Services by President Ferdinand Marcos. He also unsuccessfully ran for Congress in the 1967 special elections for the lone district of the newly created province of Davao del Sur. He collapsed in court and died of heart failure on February 21, 1968.

## Personal life

Duterte was married to Soledad Duterte, a teacher whom he first met at the Bureau of Public Schools. He was the father of Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th president of the Philippines, and the paternal grandfather of Rep. Paolo Duterte and Vice President Sara and Davao City Mayor Baste Duterte.
# Akman

Akman is a Turkish surname and a masculine given name. It was developed during the Turkish language reform during the early period of the Republic of Turkey. It means "decent, clean".
Notable people with the surname include:

## Surname

* Ali Akman (born 2002), Turkish football player
* Ayhan Akman (born 1977), Turkish football player
* Çağatay Akman (born 1998), Turkish musical artist
* Efe Akman (born 2006), Turkish football player
* Hakan Akman (born 1989), Turkish football player
* Hamza Akman (born 2004), Turkish football player
* Kübra Akman (born 1994), Turkish volleyball player
* Nuriye Akman (born 1957), Turkish journalist and writer
* Varol Akman (born 1957), Turkish computer scientist

## Given name

* Akman Akyürek (died 1997), Turkish judge
# Amil (name)

Amil (also Aamil and Amel; عَامِل, ʻĀmil), is an Arabic given name, used among different Islamic peoples, such as the Persians and Azerbaijanis. The name is interpreted to mean "a hardworking person, doer, striver", among other similar descriptions. As a word it appears in both the Quran and Hadith.

## History

The name comes from root ع م ل (ʕ-m-l), which is related to "working, doing".
According to a Turkish Encyclopedia, âmil ( العامل, el-Âmil, al-Āmil) is mentioned both in the Quran and Hadith. In the Quran, it is used "mostly in relation to those who do good or bad deeds and also in zakat matters". In the Hadiths, the word generally refers to "administrator and especially tax collector" and is used "almost synonymously" with words arîf, âşir, câbî, emîn, hâzin, sâî and musaddık; the person who works in the mudarabah company is called mudârib as well as âmil. During the Rashidun Caliphate, it referred to both a general civil servant and a tax officer. In the Ottoman Empire, âmil was also used in relation to an officer in charge of tax collecting, as well as a tax-farmer, or a person who collects on behalf of a tax-farmer.

## Variants

Âmil (Turkish), Ğamil (Гамил, Tatar), Ğəmil (Ғәмил, Bashkort). For the closely related Turkic Tatar and Bashkort, letter ğ (г / ғ) stands for the Arabic ghayn (خ, ʁ), which these languages use to replace the ayin (ع) with (/ʁa'mil/, /ʁæ'mil/). Occasionally they appear without ğayn (Амил, Әмил).
In Hindi use, the name Amil does not seem to have the same Arabic root.
In the Balkans, Amil is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. In this region, it is used as a male given name, while the female equivalent is Amila (for example, Amila Glamočak). The name is an alternative variant to the name Amel, which is also popular among Bosniaks. This however might rather be rooted in the Arabic أمل (ʾamal), meaning "hope, aspiration".

## Notable people

* Âmil Çelebioğlu (1934–1995), Turkish language and literature researcher
* Âmil Artus (1911–1989), Turkish politician
* Amil Ağacanov (born 1983), Azerbaijani footballer
* Amil Məhərrəmov (born 1974), Azerbaijani economist and professor
* Amil Yunanov (born 1993), Azerbaijani footballer
* Amil Səlimov (born 1985), Latvian-Azerbaijani politician
* Amil Shivji (born 1990), Tanzanian filmmaker
* Amil Kahala Whitehead (born 1973), American former rapper and singer
* Ğamil Əsxədulla (Гамил Әсхәдулла; born 1959), Tatar theater director
* Ğamil Afzal (Гамил Афзал; 1921–2003), Tatar poet
* Hadi Amel (هادی عامل; born 1955), Iranian television presenter, sports reporter
# Maxim Bilovitskiy

Maxim Bilovitskiy (born in Maardu, Estonia, on 8 November 1992) is an Estonian food scientist, Russian-language YouTuber, and scientific photographer.
In 2011, he created the Russian YouTube channel "Thoisoi" in Russian. As of December 2022 his channel has amassed over 288 million views and over 1.9 million subscribers. His hobby is popularizing science and creating educational videos. In 2014, he created a second channel for his English-speaking followers. That channel has over 930,000 subscribers and has more than 110 million views.
In 2014, he graduated from Tallinn University of Technology of Chemical and Materials Technology with an undergraduate degree in the Faculty of Food Technology and Product Development. In 2016, he earned his master's degree at the same university.
In 2015, his video of superconductor properties won in the Estonian science photo competition in the category of "other media files," his other photograph of lactose crystals was the second-place winner of the "microscope photographs." His YBCO superconductor video went on to win the European Science Photo Competition in the non-photographic media category.
He won the Wiki Science Competition 2017 in the category of non-photographic media with a video of a frozen drop of water in a frigid environment. In the Wiki Science Competition 2019, his video of the growth of silver crystals on the surface of copper from a solution of silver nitrate was listed among runners-up in the same category, and in 2021, his video of the Wilson cloud chamber won the non-photographic media category.
In 2021 he was nominated for the Estonian Science Communication Award as the best communicator of science and technology.
He has authored 3 books in chemistry published in Russia.
In December, 2023, his lab was burnt down.