# Charlotte County, New Brunswick

Charlotte County (2021 population 26,015) is the most southwestern county of New Brunswick, Canada.
It was formed in 1784 when New Brunswick was partitioned from Nova Scotia and named for Queen Charlotte. Once a layer of local government, the county seat was abolished with the New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program in 1966. Counties continue to be used as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada.
Located in the southwestern corner of the province, bordering the US state of Maine, Charlotte County is at the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains, which gives it a rugged terrain that includes Mount Pleasant. The St. Croix, Magaguadavic, and Digdegaush rivers drain into the Bay of Fundy. The county includes the large, populated islands of Grand Manan, White Head, Deer Island, and Campobello.
Eighteen per cent of the workforce is employed in aquaculture. Connors Bros., the largest sardine canning facility in North America, is located in Blacks Harbour. Cooke Aquaculture is an Atlantic salmon farming company, founded and headquartered in St. George. A paper mill, operated by JD Irving, is in Utopia, and Flakeboard Co. Ltd. operates outside of St. Stephen. Ganong Bros., Canada's oldest chocolate company, maintains its factory in St. Stephen.
Governance is in the form of New Brunswick municipalities in the case of the towns of St. Andrews, St. George, and St. Stephen, the villages of Grand Manan and Blacks Harbour, and the rural community of Campobello Island. The remaining parts of the county are administered as local service districts of the Southwest New Brunswick Regional Service Commission, except Clarendon, which is part of RSC 11 in neighbouring Sunbury County.

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Charlotte County had a population of 26,015 living in 11,560 of its 13,449 total private dwellings, a change of 2.3% from its 2016 population of 25,428. With a land area of 3,418.24 km$^2$ (1,319.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 7.6/km$^2$ (19.7/sq mi) in 2021.

### Population by census subdivision

| Official name | Designation | Area: km$^2$ (sq mi) | 2016 population |
| St. Stephen | Town | 13.52 (5.22) | 4,415 |
| Grand Manan | Village | 152.77 (58.98) | 2,360 |
| St. Andrews | Town | 8.35 (3.22) | 1,786 |
| St. George | Town | 16.17 (6.24) | 1,517 |
| Saint George | Parish | | 2,141 |
| Pennfield | Parish | | 2,170 |
| Saint Stephen | Parish | | 1,839 |
| Saint David | Parish | | 1,529 |
| Saint James | Parish | | 1,186 |
| Fundy Bay | LSD | 60.24 | 1,167 |
| Dennis-Weston | LSD | 43.94 | 1,023 |
| Blacks Harbour | Village | 9.06 (3.50) | 894 |
| Campobello Island | Rural community | 39.67 (15.32) | 872 |
| West Isles | Parish | | 797 |
| Lepreau | Parish | | 707 |
| Saint Patrick | Parish | | 689 |
| Saint Croix | Parish | | 657 |
| Dufferin | Parish | | 573 |
| Saint Andrews | Parish | | 553 |
| Western Charlotte part B | LSD | 28.97 | 534 |
| Western Charlotte part A | LSD | 162.3 | 435 |
| Dumbarton | Parish | | 335 |
| Beaver Harbour | LSD | 2.25 | 277 |
| Grand Manan | Parish | | 145 |
| Clarendon | Parish | | 63 |

### Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Charlotte County, New Brunswick :
| Census | Total | English | English | English | French | French | French | English & French | English & French | English & French | Non-official languages | Non-official languages | Non-official languages |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2016 | 25,115 | 23,850 | 4.9% | 94.96% | 580 | 5.2% | 2.31% | 50 | 10.0% | 0.21% | 570 | 12.9% | 2.27% |
| 2011 | 26,185 | 25,015 | 2.4% | 95.53% | 610 | 7.0% | 2.33% | 55 | 120.0% | 0.21% | 505 | 26.3% | 1.93% |
| 2006 | 26,620 | 25,625 | 1.8% | 96.26% | 570 | 15.6% | 2.14% | 25 | 28.6% | 0.10% | 400 | 90.5% | 1.50% |
| 2001 | 27,020 | 26,100 | 0.2% | 96.59% | 675 | 23.9% | 2.50% | 35 | 22.2% | 0.13% | 210 | 16.0% | 0.78% |
| 1996 | 26,990 | 26,150 | n/a | 96.89% | 545 | n/a | 2.02% | 45 | n/a | 0.17% | 250 | n/a | 0.93% |

## Infrastructure
### Power generation

Hydroelectric dams operate in St. George and St. Stephen at Milltown, though the latter is currently being decommissioned.

### Major highways

* Route 1
* Route 3
* Route 127
* Route 170
* Route 172
* Route 175
* Route 176
* Route 630
* Route 725
* Route 730
* Route 735
* Route 740
* Route 745
* Route 750
* Route 755
* Route 760
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* Route 772
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* Route 780
* Route 785