# Alabama's 1st congressional district

30°59′13.3″N 87°56′14.34″W﻿ / ﻿30.987028°N 87.9373167°W﻿ / 30.987028; -87.9373167
Alabama's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It includes the entirety of Baldwin, Coffee, Covington, Dale, Escambia, Geneva, Henry, and Houston counties, as well as most of Mobile County. The largest city in the district is Mobile.
It is currently represented by Republican Barry Moore.

## Character

Mobile, Alabama, is the focus of this district, which extends north along the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers. Timber production remains the biggest source of contributions to the local economy, however recently gulf coast condominium developments in Baldwin county represent new economic possibilities.
Politically, this area was one of the first in Alabama to shake off its Democratic roots. It was one of five districts to swing Republican in 1964, when Barry Goldwater swept the state. The GOP has held the district in every House election since then, usually by landslide margins; indeed, a Democrat has only managed 40 percent of the vote once since the current GOP run began in the district. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most state and local offices well into the 1990s.
It supported George W. Bush with 60% of the vote in 2000, and with 64% in 2004. In 2008, John McCain received 61.01% of the vote in the district while 38.38% supported Barack Obama.
The 1st district traditionally gives its representatives very long tenures in Washington: only nine people have represented the seat in Congress since 1897, with all but two holding the seat for at least 10 years.
The Allen v. Milligan ruling reshaped the 1st and 2nd districts; rather than splitting the southern border to an east and west district, 1st was changed to represent all south border counties as well as Coffee, Dale, and Henry Counties.

## Communities

Since 2025, the following communities are located within the 1st district.

### Entirely within the district

* Abbeville
* Andalusia
* Ariton
* Ashford
* Atmore
* Avon
* Axis
* Babbie
* Bay Minette
* Bayou La Batre
* Belle Fontaine
* Black
* Bon Secour
* Brewton
* Bucks
* Carolina
* Clayhatchee
* Coffee Springs
* Columbia
* Cottonwood
* Cowarts
* Creola
* Daleville
* Daphne
* Dauphin Island
* Dothan
* East Brewton
* Elba
* Elberta
* Enterprise
* Eunola
* Fairhope
* Flomaton
* Florala
* Foley
* Fort Rucker
* Gantt
* Geneva
* Gordon
* Grand Bay
* Grimes
* Gulf Shores
* Haleburg
* Hartford
* Headland
* Heath
* Horn Hill
* Kinsey
* Kinston
* Level Plains
* Libertyville
* Lillian
* Lockhart
* Loxley
* Madrid
* Magnolia Springs
* Malvern
* Midland City
* Mount Vernon
* Movico
* Napier Field
* New Brockton
* Newton
* Newville
* Onycha
* Opp
* Orange Beach
* Ozark
* Perdido
* Perdido Beach
* Pinckard
* Pollard
* Red Level
* Rehobeth
* River Falls
* Riverview
* Robertsdale
* Samson
* Saraland
* Satsuma
* Silverhill
* Slocomb
* Spanish Fort
* Stapleton
* Stockton
* Summerdale
* Taylor
* Theodore
* Webb

### Partially within the district

* Calvert
* Mobile
* Prichard
* Semmes
* Tillmans Corner

## Recent election results from statewide races

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | McCain 72% - 26% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 74% - 26% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 75% - 22% |
| 2016 | Senate | Shelby 76% - 23% |
| 2017 | Senate (Spec.) | Moore 63% - 35% |
| 2018 | Governor | Ivey 73% - 27% |
| 2018 | Lt. Governor | Ainsworth 74% - 25% |
| 2018 | Attorney General | Marshall 72% - 28% |
| 2020 | President | Trump 75% - 24% |
| 2020 | Senate | Tuberville 72% - 28% |
| 2022 | Senate | Britt 80% - 18% |
| 2022 | Governor | Ivey 79% - 17% |
| 2022 | Attorney General | Marshall 81% - 19% |
| 2022 | Secretary of State | Allen 78% - 18% |
| 2024 | President | Trump 77% - 22% |

## List of members representing the district

| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location and map |
| District created March 4, 1823 ||||||
| Gabriel Moore (Huntsville) | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | 18th 19th 20th | Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1823. Re-elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Retired. | 1823–1833 |
| Gabriel Moore (Huntsville) | Jacksonian | March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829 | 18th 19th 20th | Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1823. Re-elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Retired. | 1823–1833 |
| Clement Comer Clay (Huntsville) | Jacksonian | March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1835 | 21st 22nd 23rd | Elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. Re-elected in 1833. Retired to run for governor. | 1823–1833 |
| Clement Comer Clay (Huntsville) | Jacksonian | March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1835 | 21st 22nd 23rd | Elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. Re-elected in 1833. Retired to run for governor. | 1833–1841 |
| Reuben Chapman (Somerville) | Jacksonian | March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 | 24th 25th 26th | Elected in 1835. Re-elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. Redistricted to the at-large district. | 1833–1841 |
| Reuben Chapman (Somerville) | Democratic | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841 | 24th 25th 26th | Elected in 1835. Re-elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. Redistricted to the at-large district. | 1833–1841 |
| District inactive | District inactive | March 3, 1841 – March 3, 1843 | 27th | All representatives elected at-large. | All representatives elected at-large. |
| James Dellet (Claiborne) | Whig | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845 | 28th | Elected in 1843. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| Edmund Strother Dargan (Mobile) | Democratic | March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847 | 29th | Elected in 1845. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| John Gayle (Mobile) | Whig | March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849 | 30th | Elected in 1847. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| William J. Alston (Linden) | Whig | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 | 31st | Elected in 1849. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| John Bragg (Mobile) | Democratic | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | 32nd | Elected in 1851. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| Philip Phillips (Mobile) | Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 | 33rd | Elected in 1853. Retired. | 1843–1855 |
| Percy Walker (Mobile) | Know Nothing | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | 34th | Elected in 1855. Retired. | 1855–1863 |
| James Adams Stallworth (Evergreen) | Democratic | March 4, 1857 – January 12, 1861 | 35th 36th | Elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. Withdrew due to Civil War. | 1855–1863 |
| Vacant | Vacant | January 12, 1861 – July 22, 1868 | 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th | Civil War and Reconstruction | Civil War and Reconstruction |
| Francis William Kellogg (Mobile) | Republican | July 22, 1868 – March 3, 1869 | 40th | Elected in 1868 to finish term. Retired. | 1863–1873 |
| Alfred Eliab Buck (Mobile) | Republican | March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871 | 41st | Elected in 1868. Retired. | 1863–1873 |
| Benjamin S. Turner (Selma) | Republican | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 | 42nd | Elected in 1870. Lost re-election. | 1863–1873 |
| Frederick George Bromberg (Mobile) | Liberal Republican | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | 43rd | Elected in 1872. Lost re-election. | 1873–1877 |
| Jeremiah Haralson (Selma) | Republican | March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877 | 44th | Elected in 1874. Redistricted to the 4th district and lost re-election. | 1873–1877 |
| James T. Jones (Demopolis) | Democratic | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879 | 45th | Elected in 1876. Lost renomination. | 1877–1933 |
| Thomas H. Herndon (Mobile) | Democratic | March 4, 1879 – March 28, 1883 | 46th 47th 48th | Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Died. | 1877–1933 |
| Vacant | Vacant | March 28, 1883 – December 3, 1883 | 48th | | 1877–1933 |
| James T. Jones (Demopolis) | Democratic | December 3, 1883 – March 3, 1889 | 48th 49th 50th | Elected to finish Herndon's term. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired. | 1877–1933 |
| Richard Henry Clarke (Mobile) | Democratic | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1897 | 51st 52nd 53rd 54th | Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Retired to run for Governor. | 1877–1933 |
| George W. Taylor (Demopolis) | Democratic | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1915 | 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd | Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Retired. | 1877–1933 |
| Oscar Lee Gray (Butler) | Democratic | March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1919 | 64th 65th | Elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Retired. | 1877–1933 |
| John McDuffie (Monroeville) | Democratic | March 4, 1919 – March 2, 1935 | 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th | Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934 Resigned to become U.S. District Judge. | 1877–1933 |
| John McDuffie (Monroeville) | Democratic | March 4, 1919 – March 2, 1935 | 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th | Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934 Resigned to become U.S. District Judge. | 1933–1963 |
| Vacant | Vacant | March 2, 1935 – July 30, 1935 | 74th | | 1933–1963 |
| Frank W. Boykin (Mobile) | Democratic | July 30, 1935 – January 3, 1963 | 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th | Elected to finish McDuffie's term. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the at-large district and lost renomination. | 1933–1963 |
| District inactive | District inactive | January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965 | 88th | All representatives elected at-large. | All representatives elected at-large. |
| Jack Edwards (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1985 | 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Retired. | 1965–1983 |
| Jack Edwards (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1985 | 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Retired. | 1983–1993 |
| Sonny Callahan (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 1985 – January 3, 2003 | 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th | Elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Retired. | 1983–1993 |
| Sonny Callahan (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 1985 – January 3, 2003 | 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th | Elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Retired. | 1993–2003 |
| Jo Bonner (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 2003 – August 2, 2013 | 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th | Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Resigned to become vice-chancellor in University of Alabama System. | 2003–2013 |
| Jo Bonner (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 2003 – August 2, 2013 | 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th | Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Resigned to become vice-chancellor in University of Alabama System. | 2013–2023 |
| Vacant | Vacant | August 2, 2013 – January 8, 2014 | 113th | | 2013–2023 |
| Bradley Byrne (Fairhope) | Republican | January 8, 2014 – January 3, 2021 | 113th 114th 115th 116th | Elected to finish Bonner's term. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. | 2013–2023 |
| Jerry Carl (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2025 | 117th 118th | Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Lost renomination. | 2013–2023 |
| Jerry Carl (Mobile) | Republican | January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2025 | 117th 118th | Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Lost renomination. | 2023–2025 |
| Barry Moore (Enterprise) | Republican | January 3, 2025 – present | 119th | Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 2024. | 2025–present |

## Recent election results

These are the results from the previous twelve election cycles in Alabama's 1st district.

### 2004

2004 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jo Bonner (incumbent) | 161,067 | 63.12 |
| | Democratic | Judy McCain Belk | 93,938 | 36.81 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 159 | 0.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 255,164 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2006

2006 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jo Bonner (incumbent) | 112,944 | 68.10 |
| | Democratic | Vivian Beckerle | 52,770 | 31.82 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 127 | 0.08 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 165,841 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2008

2008 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jo Bonner (incumbent) | 210,660 | 98.27 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 3,707 | 1.73 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 214,367 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2010

2010 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jo Bonner (incumbent) | 129,063 | 82.58 |
| | Constitution | David M. Walter | 26,357 | 16.87 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 861 | 0.55 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 156,281 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2012

2012 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jo Bonner (incumbent) | 196,374 | 97.86 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 4,302 | 2.14 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 200,676 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2013 (special)

2013 Alabama's 1st congressional district special election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bradley Byrne | 36,042 | 70.66 |
| | Democratic | Burton LeFlore | 14,968 | 29.34 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 51,010 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2014

2014 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bradley Byrne (incumbent) | 103,758 | 68.16 |
| | Democratic | Burton LeFlore | 48,278 | 31.71 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 198 | 0.13 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 152,234 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

2016 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bradley Byrne (incumbent) | 208,083 | 96.38 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 7,810 | 3.62 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 215,893 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2018

2018 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bradley Byrne (incumbent) | 153,228 | 63.16 |
| | Democratic | Robert Kennedy, Jr. | 89,226 | 36.78 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 163 | 0.07 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 242,617 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2020

2020 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jerry Carl | 211,825 | 64.37 |
| | Democratic | James Averhart | 116,949 | 35.54 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 301 | 0.09 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 329,075 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2022

2022 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jerry Carl (incumbent) | 140,592 | 83.61 |
| | Libertarian | Alexander Remrey | 26,369 | 15.68 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 1,189 | 0.71 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 168,150 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2024

2024 Alabama's 1st congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Barry Moore | 258,619 | 78.40 |
| | Democratic | Tom Holmes | 70,929 | 21.50 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 329,854 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |