# Iskandar Puteri

Iskandar Puteri (formerly known as Nusajaya) is a city and the administrative capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia. It is situated along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, it is also the southernmost city of continental Eurasia. Together with the adjacent cities of Johor Bahru and Pasir Gudang, it is located within the Johor Bahru District, the second largest district in Malaysia by population. The 15th busiest container port in the world, Port of Tanjung Pelepas, is also located in the city.
Iskandar Puteri hosts Kota Iskandar, which represents the seat of government of the state of Johor (Executive branch & Legislative branch).

## History
### Sempit Puteri

Historically, the area surrounding present-day Iskandar Puteri consisted mostly of fishing villages, populated by Malays and Orang Laut tribes. Located on the western side of the Tebrau Strait, the area was once known as Sempit Puteri (narrow princess) as it was facing the narrowest point of the Tebrau Straits.
In 1855, when Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim won his claim over the Johor throne, he relocated the capital city of the now-divided kingdom from Telok Blangah (Singapore) to Tanjung Puteri and renamed it Iskandar Puteri. His son Maharaja Abu Bakar, the first Sultan of Modern Johor, renamed Tanjung Puteri to Johor Bahru upon his coronation in 1868 to distinguish his dynasty from the old Sultanate of Johor.
During Abu Bakar's reign, Jaafar Muhammad was appointed as the first Menteri Besar of Johor. According to a story from Yayasan Warisan Johor, during his journey to Sempit Puteri, the paddle of the sampan that Dato Jaafar was boarding broke. That event gave the place its new name Gelang Patah (broken paddle).
As many as eight local councils (majlis tempatan) were set up in the 1950s and 1960s to oversee municipal works in the area. The smaller local councils were merged in March 1978 and replaced by the Central Johor Bahru District Council (Majlis Daerah Johor Bahru Tengah, MDJBT), as the local authority in Johor Bahru's western and northern suburban areas, while Johor Bahru City Council (MBJB) administers downtown Johor Bahru. MDJBT was granted municipal status in 2001.

### Nusajaya

In 1993, during the leadership of the fourth Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, a plan for a second bridge connecting the Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore was brought forward by Halim Saad. Saad was as a young entrepreneur who built Malaysia's longest highway, North-South Expressway, and apprentice to the former Minister of Finance Daim Zainuddin. The cabinet approved the project, as the traffic at the then Johor Causeway was already over-congested. The Second Link has connected Iskandar Puteri to Tuas in Singapore. His past experience enabled Halim to secure financing from Bank for Renong Berhad (now UEM Group) to acquire vast land along with the Second Link for a new township which was eventually deemed Nusajaya. The Nusajaya name was given by former Menteri Besar of Johor, Muhyiddin Yassin.
UEM Group through its subsidiary UEM Land (now UEM Sunrise) continue to develop Nusajaya as the new city centre of Johor. A new administrative centre, Kota Iskandar was developed by Cahaya Jauhar in Nusajaya based on the Federal Government administrative centre at Putrajaya as a catalyst to Nusajaya development. This is followed by the introduction of Iskandar Malaysia, Iskandar Regional Development Authority and Iskandar Investment Board to regulate and promote the development growth in Nusajaya. In 2008, the Johor State Parliament was moved from Sultan Ibrahim Building in Johor Bahru to Sultan Ismail Building in Kota Iskandar. Several other catalyst developments were later added to Nusajaya. Among them are Legoland Malaysia Resort, Puteri Harbour and Pinewood Malaysia Studio (now, Iskandar Malaysia Studio) and Southern Industrial And Logistics Clusters (SiLC). A new city, Medini was also developed as the capital for Nusajaya. UEM also sold part of Nusajaya land to other developers including Syed Mokhtar Albukhary's Tradewind, SP Setia (Bukit Indah & Setia Eco Garden), Ecoworld (Eco Botanic), and Sunway Group (Sunway Iskandar) to expedite the development of Nusajaya.

### Iskandar Puteri

In January 2016, Nusajaya was once again renamed to Iskandar Puteri by Sultan Ibrahim, current Sultan of Johor. Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council was upgraded to Iskandar Puteri City Council on 22 November 2017.

## Government

Iskandar Puteri is Johor's second city, and Malaysia's 14th. It's administered by the Iskandar Puteri City Council. It houses Kota Iskandar, the administrative centre for the government of Johor State. Johor State Legislative Assembly, Johor Chief Minister's Office, and Mahkota Square are also located here.
Due to electoral division by Election Commission of Malaysia, there are four parliamentary and eight state constituencies (DUN) dividing the Iskandar Puteri area. There are (P161) Pulai parliamentary seat, (N46) and (P162) Iskandar Puteri parliamentary seat. Eight state seats are Perling state seat;(N48) Skudai state seat and (N49) Kota Iskandar state seat along with partial Kulai (Bukit Batu for Ulu Choh and Senai for UTM) and Tebrau (Puteri Wangsa for Maju Jaya).

### Administrative divisions

Iskandar Puteri consists of 11 administrative zones:
* Iskandar Puteri
* Pulai
* Taman Universiti
* Taman Impian Emas
* Taman Mutiara Rini
* Taman Ungku Tun Aminah
* Bandar Uda Utama
* Taman Bukit Indah
* Gelang Patah
* Leisure Farm
* Tanjung Kupang

## Demographics

Iskander Puteri is the second largest city in Johor. As of 2020, the municipal area of Iskandar Puteri has a population of 575,597. It ranks as the 13th most populous urban centre in Malaysia (2020).
The following is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2020 census.
Ethnic groups in Iskandar Puteri, 2020 :
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
| Malaysian Bumiputera (Malays and Other Natives) | 199,031 | 44.46% |
| Malaysian Chinese | 164,815 | 36.81% |
| Malaysian Indian | 51,739 | 12.4% |
| Other Malaysian | 1,669 | 0.37% |
| Non-Malaysian | 30,443 | 6.80% |

## Education

EduCity is a 600-acre (2.4 km$^2$) educational area, which consists of the University of Southampton Malaysia Campus, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, University of Reading, Multimedia University, Raffles University, Netherlands Maritime Institute of Technology, Management Development Institute of Singapore, Stellar International School, Marlborough College Malaysia and Raffles American School. Other universities in the city are University of Technology, Malaysia and Southern University College.

## Medical

Afiat Healthpark was initially developed as the medical hub for Iskandar Puteri. Columbia Asia Iskandar Puteri was the first hospital to be built in the city, followed by Gleneagles Medini and Kensington Specialist Centre.

## Industry

Concurrent with the development of Iskandar Puteri, a new proposal was brought forward by the then State Secretary, Dato Ayob Mion, to build a new port at the west coast of Johor. The new port, Port of Tanjung Pelepas was developed near the Second Link and become the catalyst for industrial development at the Tanjung Kupang area in the west of Iskandar Puteri.
Later, UEM also developed Southern Industry and Logistic Cluster (SiLC) which hosts i-Park SiLC, IBP, Bio-excell and iTech Valley. SILC also hosts the largest insulin producer in the world, Biocon and Insulet. This is followed by Nusa Cemerlang and Nusajaya Techpark at the adjacent land at Gelang Patah.

## Tourist attractions

Puteri Harbour (with a land area of 278 hectares or 688 acres) and Forest City is a marina development that spans 687 acres (2.8 km$^2$) on the Straits of Johor. Located there is Sanrio Hello Kitty Town and Thomas Town.
Legoland Malaysia Resort is a 5,500,000 sq ft (510,000 m$^2$) integrated complex containing the Legoland Malaysia Resort and Legoland Water Park theme parks, plus a lifestyle retail centre, offices, hotels, service apartments and residential units. The main theme park includes 70 hands-on rides, slides, shows distributed among the LEGO Technic, LEGO Kingdoms, Imagination, Land of Adventure, Lego City and Minliand areas. Another attraction is the Legoland Hotel.
Shopping malls in the city are Paradigm Mall JB, B5 Johor Street Market, ÆON Bukit Indah, AEON Taman Universiti, GP Mall, Mall of Medini, Perling Mall, Sunway Big Box, Sutera Mall, Tasek Central and many more.
FASTrack City will open in 2019.
In March 2019, works on a new marina in Puteri Harbour kicked off, as a joint venture between SUTL Enterprise and UEM Sunrise. The first phase of the ONE°15 Marina Puteri Harbour membership was launched in November 2020, with the opening of ONE°15 Estuari Sports Centre. Johor Tourism, Youth and Sports Committee chairman, Datuk Onn Hafiz Bin Ghazi was the guest of honour at the opening launch. The integrated sports complex was launched with the intent to introduce a world-class sporting venue in Johor with the potential to host national and international sporting events.

## Iskandar Puteri residences

Townships such as Nusa Bayu, Gerbang Nusajaya, Setia Eco Gardens, Casa Almyra, Nusa Sentral, Taman Universiti, Nusa Indah, Taman Nusa Bestari Jaya, Bestari Heights, East Ledang, Estuari, Ledang Heights, Nusa Idaman, Nusa Bayu, Nusa Bestari, Nusa Bestari 2, Nusa Duta, Bukit Indah, Horizon Hills and Sunway Iskandar are located within this zone.

## Transportation
### Sea

The Port of Tanjung Pelepas, which ranks as Malaysia's largest container port since 2004, lies on the western side of the city. It is the 19th busiest container port in the world as of 2013. Iskandar Puteri houses the Puteri Harbour International Ferry Terminal, with routes to cities in Indonesia.

### Rail
#### HSR  High Speed Rail

The planned Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail will serve the city at Gerbang Nusajaya in the future. On 29 March 2021, the Perikatan Nasional government failed to negotiate terms with Singapore and scrapped the project while compensating Singapore almost a third of a billion Ringgit (RM320,270,519.24), with the settlement representing the complete termination of the project and bilateral agreement.

### Road

Within Johor, the Iskandar Coastal Highway and Pasir Gudang Highway links the city to Johor Bahru City, while the Tanjung Kupang Road links the city to Pontian District. The Second Link Expressway and North–South Expressway connect the city to the other states in Peninsular Malaysia.
The Malaysia–Singapore Second Link was built between Kampong Ladang at Tanjung Kupang, Johor and Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim at Tuas, Singapore. The bridge was built to reduce the traffic congestion at the Johor–Singapore Causeway and was opened to traffic on 2 January 1998. The twin-deck bridge supports a dual-three lane carriageway and its total length over water is 1,920 m.