OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Felix Hirsch

Felix Eduard Hirsch (Berlin, 7 February 1902 – 12 December 1982 Newtown, Pennsylvania) was a journalist for the Berliner Tageblatt and latterly, historian, librarian and professor at Bard College in New York. As a journalist in Berlin, Hirsch was involved in the infamous libel case of Kurt Soelling.

## Biography
### Early life

Hirsch studied history at the University of Heidelberg where he graduated under German historian and political journalist, Hermann Oncken in 1924. After university, Hirsch moved to Berlin to pursue a career in journalism at the Berliner Tagelblatt and later became the editor at the Achtuhr Abendblatt. Following the rise of Nazism, Hirsch went into exile in America, and completed a librarian degree at Columbia University in 1936. He subsequently moved to Bard College, where he would teach history and expand the library.

### Kurt Soelling controversy

On 18 May 1932, Judge Kurt Soelling (born Seligsohn), the chairman of the Berlin District Court, brought a libel action against Hirsch for an article he wrote in the Achtuhr Abendblatt that revealed Soelling's Jewish identity. Soelling was born into a Jewish family, but baptised a Protestant in later life. He had been a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany but in 1931, declared himself a monarchist and became a prominent supporter of the burgeoning Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler. Hirsch's article not only revealed the judge's Jewish identity, but alleged that he had converted to Protestantism to further his judicial career. Hirsch denounced Soelling as a "dishonest politician".
The case concluded on 19 May 1932, with Soelling admitting that he was of Jewish descent, but that he had converted out of conviction. He explained his activities within the Nazi Party as an attempt to understand the organisation, and justified his use of the Nazi salute by the fact that everyone else at the rallies he attended had used it. Hirsch lost the libel case, and was ordered to pay damages of 500 Reichsmark.
According to a dispatch issued by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency regarding the intriguing proceedings:
   There was something of a sensation in court when it came out in the course of the proceedings that Judge Soelling is the son of the lay head of the Romberg Jewish Community, and that he had held over his baptism until after the death of a rich uncle who was a strictly observant Jew, so that he should not be cut out of his will, and that he had been baptised only after he had received the legacy.
Justice Soelling was eventually disbarred and forbidden to practice law in Germany as a result of the Nazis' anti-Semitic reforms of 1933.

### Marriage and children

Hirsch married long-term friend, academic Elisabeth Feist in 1938, and they had two children together. Towards the end of his life, he suffered from Parkinson's disease. He died in 1982, at a retirement home in Newtown, Pennsylvania.
# Chicago Smash

The Chicago Smash was a World TeamTennis (WTT) franchise founded in 2020, owned by the league. The team was the third expansion teams in two years to enter the league in 2020 following the addition of the Orlando Storm and Vegas Rollers during the 2019 season. The Chicago Smash will play their home matches at the Credit Union 1 Arena in Chicago, Illinois.

## Team rosters
### 2020 roster

* Sloane Stephens
* Bethanie Mattek-Sands
* Evan King
* Rajeev Ram
* Eugenie Bouchard
* Brandon Nakashima
* Head Coach, Kamau Murray
# Fuck You (film)

Fuck You is a Swedish short comedy film, directed by Anette Sidor and released in 2018. The film stars Yandeh Sallah as Alice, a young woman who turns the tables on her boyfriend Johannes (Martin Schaub) after he treats her in a sexist manner in public, with the help of a stolen dildo.
The cast also includes Astrid Plynning, Tj Miansangi, Jerry Lindh, Omeya Lundqvist-Simbizi, Richard Smidestam, Alex Hormigo and Jack Blossby.
The film premiered in January 2018 at the Gothenburg Film Festival. It was later screened at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention for the Best International Short Film award.
# Serampore Municipality

Serampore Municipality is the civic body that governs Serampore and its surrounding areas (Mahesh, Tin Bazar, Battala and partly Chatra) in Srirampore subdivision of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India.

## History

Serampore is the first town in Bengal to voluntarily adopt the Municipal Act of 1850 Sec XX16. It is not clear when Serampore Municipality was established.
Serampore is a pre-colonial town on the west bank of the Hooghly. It was part of Danish India, when it was called Fredericksnagore, from 1755 to 1845.

## Geography

Serampore Municipality covers an area of 17.60 km$^2$ and has a total population of 183,339 (2011).
In 1981, 29.44% of the total population formed main workers and 70.56% were non-workers in Serampore Municipality and 54.25% of the total main workers were industrial workers. This may be interpreted as follows: although industrial activities are prominent in the municipal areas of the region, the major portion of the population is commuters and migrants find employment in the area.

## Healthcare

Serampore Walsh Super Speciaity (Subdivisional) Hospital, with 266 beds, Serampore TB Hospital, with 55 beds, Serampore ESI Hospital, with 216 beds, are located in the Serampore Municipality area.

## Elections

In the 2015 municipal elections for Serampore Municipality Trinamool Congress won 22 seats, CPI(M) 4 seats, Congress 1 seat and Independents 2 seats.
In the 2010 municipal elections for Serampore Municipality Trinamool Congress won 13 seats, Congress 5 seats, CPI (M) 6 seats and Independents 5 seats.
About the 2010 municipal elections, The Guardian wrote, "Today's municipal elections are unlike any for decades: the Communists, who have held West Bengal's main towns almost without a break since the 1970s, are facing disaster… This time defeat is likely to be definitive and could signal the beginning of the end for the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPIM)."
In the 2005 municipal elections for Serampore Municipality, Congress won 14 seats, CPI (M) 4 seats, CPI 2 seats, Trinamool Congress 4 seats and others 1 seat.
# Nomadic peoples of Europe

Nomadism has rarely been practiced in Europe in the modern period, being restricted to the margins of the continent, notably Arctic peoples such as the (traditionally) semi-nomadic Saami people in the north of Scandinavia, or the Nenets people in Russia's Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In ancient and early medieval times, Eurasian nomads dominated the eastern steppe areas of Europe, such as the Scythians, Huns, Avars, Pechenegs, Cumans or Kalmyk people in Russia's Kalmykia.
Historically, at least until the Early Middle Ages, nomadic groups were much more widespread, especially in the Pontic steppe of Eastern Europe (part of Europe in the contemporary geographical definition, but as part of the Eurasian Steppe historically considered part of Asian Scythia). The last nomadic populations of this region (such as the Kalmyk people, Nogais, Kazakhs and Bashkirs) became mostly sedentary in the Early Modern period under the Russian Empire. Seasonal migration over short distance is known as transhumance (as e.g. in the Alps or Vlachs in the Balkans) and is not normally considered "nomadism".
Sometimes also described as "nomadic" (in the figurative or extended sense) is the itinerant lifestyle of various groups subsisting on craft, trade or seasonal labour rather than on livestock. Romani people and Irish Travellers are the best known of these. See itinerant groups in Europe for those.
# Norka

Norka may refer to:
* Norka, a German village in the Volga region of Russia, north of Neu-Norka, now called Nekrasovo
* Department of Non-Resident Keralites Affairs (NORKA), a government department of Kerala, India
* "The Norka", a Russian and Ukrainian fairy tale
* Norka Latamblet (born 1963), Cuban Olympic volleyball player
* Norka Rouskaya (1899–?), Swiss dancer
# List of reptiles of the Canary Islands

List of reptiles of the Canary Islands is an incomplete list of reptiles found in the Canary Islands. This list includes both endemic and introduced species.
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
(I): Introduced

## Order: Squamata
### Lizards
#### Infraorder Gekkota
##### Family Phyllodactylidae

* East Canary gecko, Tarentola angustimentalis LC
* Boettger's wall gecko, Tarentola boettgeri LC
* Tenerife gecko, Tarentola delalandii LC
* Gomero wall gecko, Tarentola gomerensis LC

##### Family Gekkonidae

* Mediterranean house gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus LC (Gran Canaria and Tenerife) (I)

#### Superfamily Lacertoidea
##### Family Lacertidae

* Atlantic lizard, Gallotia atlantica LC
* Boettger's lizard, Gallotia caesaris LC
* West Canaries lizard, Gallotia galloti LC
* El Hierro giant lizard, Gallotia simonyi CR
* La Gomera giant lizard, Gallotia bravoana CR
* Gran Canaria giant lizard, Gallotia stehlini LC
* La Palma giant lizard, Gallotia auaritae CR
* Tenerife giant lizard, Gallotia goliath EX
* Tenerife speckled lizard, Gallotia intermedia CR

#### Infraorder Scincomorpha
##### Family Scincidae

* East Canary skink, Chalcides simonyi EN
* Gran Canaria skink, Chalcides sexlineatus LC
* West Canary skink, Chalcides viridanus LC
* La Gomera skink, Chalcides coeruleopunctatus LC

#### Family Chamaeleonidae

* Veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus LC (I)

### Snakes
#### Suborder Serpentes
##### Family Typhlopidae

* Brahminy blind snake, Indotyphlops braminus LC (I)

##### Family Colubridae

* California kingsnake, Lampropeltic californiae LC (I)

## Order: Testudines
### Turtles
#### Family Emydidae

* Pond slider, Trachemys scripta LC (I)
* False map turtle, Graptemys pseudogeographica LC (I)

##### Family Testudinidae

* Tenerife giant tortoise, Centrochelys burchardi EX
* Gran Canaria giant tortoise, Centrochelys vulcanica EX

##### Family Cheloniidae

* Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta EN
* Green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas EN
* Hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata CR
* Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii CR

##### Family Dermochelyidae

* Leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea VU
# 24th United States Colored Infantry Regiment

The 24th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

## Service

The 24th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp William Penn near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania beginning January 1, 1865 for three-year service under the command of Colonel Orlando Brown.
The regiment moved to Washington, D.C., May 5, and served duty at Camp Casey until June 1. At Point Lookout, Maryland, guarding prisoners until July 16. Moved to Richmond, Virginia, and served duty in the Sub-District of Roanoke, Headquarters at Burkesville, until September. Moved to Richmond, and served there until mustered out of service on October 1, 1865.

## Commanders

* Colonel Orlando Brown
# Boulder

In geology, a boulder (or rarely bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than 25.6 cm (10.1 in) in diameter. Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive. In common usage, a boulder is too large for a person to move. Smaller boulders are usually just called rocks or stones.

## Etymology

The word boulder derives from boulder stone, from Middle English bulderston or Swedish bullersten.

## About

In places covered by ice sheets during ice ages, such as Scandinavia, northern North America, and Siberia, glacial erratics are common. Erratics are boulders picked up by ice sheets during their advance, and deposited when they melt. These boulders are called "erratic" because they typically are of a different rock type than the bedrock on which they are deposited. One such boulder is used as the pedestal of the Bronze Horseman in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Some noted rock formations involve giant boulders exposed by erosion, such as the Devil's Marbles in Australia's Northern Territory, the Horeke basalts in New Zealand, where an entire valley contains only boulders, and The Baths on the island of Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands.
Boulder-sized clasts are found in some sedimentary rocks, such as coarse conglomerate and boulder clay.
# River mouth

A river mouth is where a river flows into a larger body of water, such as another river, a lake/reservoir, a bay/gulf, a sea, or an ocean. At the river mouth, sediments are often deposited due to the slowing of the current, reducing the carrying capacity of the water. The water from a river can enter the receiving body in a variety of different ways. The motion of a river is influenced by the relative density of the river compared to the receiving water, the rotation of the Earth, and any ambient motion in the receiving water, such as tides or seiches.
If the river water has a higher density than the surface of the receiving water, the river water will plunge below the surface. The river water will then either form an underflow or an interflow within the lake. However, if the river water is lighter than the receiving water, as is typically the case when fresh river water flows into the sea, the river water will float along the surface of the receiving water as an overflow.
Alongside these advective transports, inflowing water will also diffuse.

## Landforms

At the mouth of a river, the change in flow conditions can cause the river to drop any sediment it is carrying. This sediment deposition can generate a variety of landforms, such as deltas, sand bars, spits, and tie channels. Landforms at the river mouth drastically alter the geomorphology and ecosystem. Along coasts, sand bars and similar landforms act as barriers, sheltering sensitive ecosystems that are enriched by nutrients deposited from the river. However, the damming of rivers can starve the river of sand and nutrients, creating a deficit at the river's mouth.

## Cultural influence

As river mouths are the site of large-scale sediment deposition and allow for easy travel and ports, many towns and cities are founded there. Many places in the United Kingdom take their names from their positions at the mouths of rivers, such as Plymouth (i.e. mouth of the Plym River), Sidmouth (i.e. mouth of the Sid River), and Great Yarmouth (i.e. mouth of the Yare River); in Celtic, the term is Aber or Inver. Due to rising sea levels as a result of climate change, the coastal cities are at heightened risk of flooding. Sediment starvation in the river compounds this concern.
# Shaun P. Kelly

Shaun P. Kelly (born March 13, 1964, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts) is an American politician who represented the 2nd Berkshire District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the year 1991–2005.
# Sean Kelly

Sean Kelly may refer to:

## Sports

* Sean Kelly (cyclist) (born 1956), Irish professional road bicycle racer
* Sean Kelly (Scottish footballer) (born 1993), Scottish footballer (St. Mirren FC, AFC Wimbledon)
* Seán Kelly (Galway Gaelic footballer) (born 1997)
* Seán Kelly (Kerry Gaelic footballer) (1925–2012)
* Sean Dylan Kelly (born 2002), American motorcycle racer
* Sean Kelley (sportscaster), American sportscaster
* Sean Wirtz (born 1979), figure skater who has competed as Sean Kelly

## Music

* Sean Kelly (Australian musician) (born 1958), founder of the Australian 1980s band Models
* Sean Kelly, Australian guitarist and member of TISM between 1983 and 1991
* Sean Kelly (Canadian musician), founder of band Crash Kelly
* Sean Kelly, singer and guitarist for The Samples

## Other

* Seán Kelly (politician) (born 1952), Irish Member of the European Parliament
* Sean Kelly (Irish republican) (born 1972), IRA Shankill Road bomber
* Sean Kelly (writer) (born 1940), Canadian author, wrote for National Lampoon
* Sean Dorrance Kelly, professor of philosophy at Harvard University
* Sean Kelly Gallery in New York
* Sean Kelly, stand up comedian and presenter of the television series Storage Hunters
* Sean Kelly, New Zealand fashion designer who won Project Runway season 13
* Sean Kelly, Australian journalist, and columnist for the Nine papers, previously a political adviser to Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard
# Arie de Graaf

Arie de Graaf (born 4 August 1947, in Arnhem) is a Dutch insurer, biologist, teacher, and politician.
De Graaf studied Dutch law at Utrecht University (1972-1977), where he obtained a Master of Laws. He worked for a mutual insurance (1966-1976) and was at the same time member of the municipal council of Arnhem (1970-1976). In 1976 he was elected Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Dutch Labour Party. He specialized in corporate law, public finance, and pension funds. De Graaf was opposed to atomic weapons and systematically voted against all related parts of the Dutch defense budget.
De Graaf was nicknamed "Arie de Vraag" because of the large number (357) of written information requests to the government that he posed during his tenure. He left the House of Representatives in 1981 and subsequently studied biology at Wageningen University, where he was a visiting scientist at the laboratory for plant taxonomy. From 1988 he taught at the Inholland University of Applied Sciences ("HEAO Alkmaar" at the time).
The Aroid plant species, Lagenandra dewitii, was described by de Graaf in honour of Hendrik de Wit.
# Make Believe Stories

The Make Believe Stories series, begun in 1918 under the pseudonym of Laura Lee Hope (best known for the Bobbsey Twins series), consisted of 12 books. The final book was published in 1923, while the series continued to be printed in different versions for years to come. It is highly likely that Lilian Garis and her husband Howard R. Garis were responsible for the writing of these books for the Stratemeyer Syndicate, although other syndicate authors may have been involved.

## Titles

The stories, all illustrated by Harry L. Smith, are:
* The Story of a Sawdust Doll (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a White Rocking Horse (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Lamb on Wheels (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Bold Tin Soldier (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Candy Rabbit (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Monkey on a Stick (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Calico Clown (Copyright 1920 by G&D)
* The Story of a Nodding Donkey (Copyright 1921 by G&D)
* The Story of a China Cat (Copyright 1921 by G&D)
* The Story of a Plush Bear (Copyright 1921 by G&D)
* The Story of a Stuffed Elephant (Copyright 1922 by G&D)
* The Story of a Woolly Dog (Copyright 1923 by G&D)

## Editions

The books were published in four different versions, all by Grosset & Dunlap. All 12 books were assumedly published in each of the four versions (as the series was published in its entirety in the original red cover version), so you can collect an entire set in 1 of the 4 versions.
The original version was shorter than most Grosset & Dunlap books, and had a red cover and blank white endpapers. Books 1 through about book 9 were printed with the same cover image on the book and dust jacket. Eventually around the 9th book, individual pictures were made for the remaining books.
The second version retained the same shortened book size, but changed to a gray cover vice red, with the same cover images. And the endpapers changed to a pictorial, shown below.
The 3rd version changed to a thinner paper, so the entire book became thinner. The book height was slightly larger, and the book covers were changed completely. A selection of colors like blue, yellow and gray were used on this version, and the 4th. The dust jacket retained the original artwork, but added a larger band of white on the top and bottom.
The 4th version was thin, like the 3rd, but the height was increased (now larger than other G & D books). The dust jacket retained the original dust jacket art, but not in the same relation to cover size as the original sizes did.
# Tychaedon

Tychaedon is a genus of passerine birds in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It contains scrub robins that were formerly placed in the genus Cercotrichas.

## Taxonomy

The species now placed in this genus were previously placed in the genus Cercotrichas. A molecular phylogenetic study of the family Muscicapidae published in 2023 found that Cercotrichas was paraphyletic. In the rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, some species were moved to the resurrected genus Tychaedon. This genus had been erected in 1917 by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond as a replacement name for Aedonopsis that had been introduced by Richard Bowdler Sharpe 1883. The type species is Cossypha signata Sundevall, 1850, the brown scrub robin. The genus name Tychaedon combines Ancient Greek τυχη/tukhē meaning "chance" or "luck" with αηδων/aēdōn, αηδονος/aēdonos meaning "nightingale" or "songstress".
These are African species of open woodland or scrub, that nest in bushes or on the ground.
The genus contains the following five species:
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| Karoo scrub robin | Tychaedon coryphoeus | southern Africa |
| Brown scrub robin | Tychaedon signata | forests of eastern southern Africa |
| Forest scrub robin | Tychaedon leucosticta | sparsely present throughout the African tropical rainforest |
| Bearded scrub robin | Tychaedon quadrivirgata | East Africa |
| Miombo scrub robin | Tychaedon barbata | miombo |