OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Giroux mining accidents

The Giroux Consolidated Company experienced two mining accidents at a copper mine in Ely, Nevada, one on December 4, 1907 and another on August 24, 1911.
In the 1907 collapse 2 men were killed and 4 other men were trapped 1000 feet down in a mining shaft for 46 days. In the 1911 fire at the Giroux mine 7 men were killed and two others were badly injured.

## 1907 Giroux mine collapse

The mine was owned by the Giroux Consolidated Company. Four men became trapped 1000 feet down in the Alpha Shaft of the Giroux mine when the earth caved in. They tapped on a pipe to let others know that they were trapped in the collapse. Food and water were sent down each day. The food, water and air the trapped men needed all came through a 6-inch pipe.
The mine owners hired diggers to work in four hour shifts. The diggers were paid $5 each and the mine owners said the total cost was $200 per day.
The men were finally rescued January 20, 1908 after 47 days underground.

## 1911 Giroux mine fire

On August 24, 1911, there was a fire at the Giroux mine in Alpha 2 shaft. The miners were 1400 feet down in the shaft of the Giroux mine when an explosion of a barrel of oil caused a fire above the men in the elevator shaft. The men decided to ride the cage elevator through the flames. The men were all burned very badly. 7 men were killed and 3 were injured
When the elevator reached the top men rushed to the cage to attend to the wounded. The smoke prevented the rescue. The cage was raised 25 feet above the shaft and several of the miners were saved.
The mine was repaired by February 1912, and mining activities resumed.
# Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Action Series

The Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Action Series is an award presented to the best television series in the action genre by the Critics Choice Association.

## Winners and nominees

| Year | Series | Network or Platform |
| Best Action Series |||
| 2021 | Vikings | History |
| 2021 | 9-1-1 | Fox |
| 2021 | Hanna | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2021 | Hunters | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2021 | S.W.A.T. | CBS |
| 2021 | Warrior | Cinemax |
| 2022 | Squid Game | Netflix |
| 2022 | 9-1-1 | Fox |
| 2022 | Cobra Kai | Netflix |
| 2022 | Heels | Starz |
| 2022 | Kung Fu | The CW |
| 2022 | Lupin | Netflix |
| Best Action Series, Limited Series or Made-for-TV Movie |||
| 2023 | Cobra Kai | Netflix |
| 2023 | 9-1-1 | Fox |
| 2023 | Kung Fu | The CW |
| 2023 | Reacher | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2023 | Tulsa King | Paramount+ |
| 2023 | Vikings: Valhalla | Netflix |
| 2024 | Reacher | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2024 | 9-1-1 | Fox |
| 2024 | Fire Country | CBS |
| 2024 | The Night Agent | Netflix |
| 2024 | Obliterated | Netflix |
| 2024 | Special Ops: Lioness | Paramount+ |
| 2024 | Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2024 | Warrior | Max |

## Series with multiple nominations

* 9-1-1 (Fox) – 4
* Cobra Kai (Netflix), Kung Fu (The CW), Reacher (Amazon Prime Video), Warrior (Cinemax/Max) – 2
# Battle of Rovine

The Battle of Rovine took place on 17 May 1395. The Wallachian army led by Voivod Mircea the Elder opposed the Ottoman invasion personally led by Sultan Bayezid I the Thunderbolt. The Turkish force heavily outnumbered the Wallachian troops. The legend says that on the eve of the battle, dressed as a peace emissary, Mircea cel Bătrân talked to Bayezid asking him to leave Wallachia and promised him safe passage back. The Sultan proudly insisted on fighting and later suffered a humiliating loss.

## Battle

The battle took place probably near the Argeș River, but the exact location is disputed. The Wallachian victory is confirmed by numerous sources and historians.
During the battle, a key tactical role was played by the Wallachian archers who severely depleted the Ottoman ranks during their initial attack. Bayezid's vassals, the Serbian lords Stefan Lazarević and Marko Mrnjavčević, two of the greatest knights of the time, participated and fought bravely; Stefan showed great courage, Marko was killed in action.
An alternative historical view is that the dramatic confrontation lasted not just a single day, but an entire week, being in the first stage of a war of positions. The fierce battle ended with heavy casualties for both sides, eventually, each army withdrew from the battlefield. Although the Wallachians pushed back the enemy, the Ottomans were able to defend their resulting position, relying on the personal guard of the Sultan composed of Janissaries. This was the impregnable position of the Ottoman defence a year later, in the famous Battle of Nicopolis. This tactical innovation became a fundamental element of the Ottoman war strategies until the 18th century. The army of Mircea, sustaining heavy casualties, and unable to break the defense of the Sultan's camp, was finally obliged to withdraw. Because the Ottoman Empire was not able to conquer Wallachia at this time, Rovine remains one of the most important battles in Romanian history.
An epic description of the confrontation is presented in the poem "Scrisoarea a III-a" ("The Third Letter") written by the Romanian national poet, Mihai Eminescu. The Dečani chronicle describes the battle and reports that Prince Marko and Constantine Dragaš died fighting. The same source mentions that Marko's brother, Andreja Mrnjavčević, also perished during the fight.
# Upstairs and Downstairs (1925 film)

Upstairs and Downstairs (German: Vorderhaus und Hinterhaus) is a 1925 German silent film directed by Richard Oswald and Carl Wilhelm and starring Max Adalbert, Mary Kid and Valeska Stock.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Heinrich Richter.

## Cast

* Max Adalbert as Adalbert Marx
* Mary Kid as Ilse, seine Tochter
* Valeska Stock as Frau Brenneis
* Mary Parker as Iduna, Frau Brenneis Tochter
* Sig Arno as Graf A. Rohnstein
* Hans Albers as Otto Flaschenhals
* Betty Astor as Dolly
* Trude Hesterberg as Auguste, Mädchen für alles
* Kurt Gerron
* Harry Hardt
# State Field

State Field was the home stadium of the Louisiana State University Tigers football team prior to 1924. The field was built on the old downtown campus of LSU. It was located east of the Pentagon Barracks and at the site of the current Louisiana State Capitol Building. Prior to construction of State Field, football games were played on an area called the parade grounds which was located south of the Pentagon Barracks and west of Hill Memorial Library and George Peabody Hall. The field, known on the campus simply as the "athletic field", was later moved to a site with bleachers that was north of the campus' experimental garden, and next to the old armory building. The field was also used for LSU's baseball and basketball teams. From 1984-1910 State Field was located on the Old Parade Grounds south of the Pentagon barracks. The football team's record during that time was 39-9-1. From 1911-1916, the field was located in the field and bleachers north of the Pentagon Barracks. The football record during this time frame was 21-3-1. The final incarnation of State Field was located next to the Armory from 1917 to November 15, 1924. The record at this final field was 23-8.

## LSU football

LSU's first home game was played at State Field on December 3, 1894, against the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss). The contest resulted in a 26–6 loss to Ole Miss. LSU's last home game at State Field was on November 15, 1924, against Northwestern State. LSU won this game by a score of 40–0. LSU moved to the newly opened Tiger Stadium the next week in a game against Tulane on November 27, 1924. During the 31 years that State Field was used as LSU's home field, 105 home games were played there. LSU's record at State Field was 83-20-2. During most of State Field's existence, it was used only for smaller games. Larger games were played at a baseball park in New Orleans that could accommodate around 5,000 spectators. A good crowd at State Field was only about 1,000 fans. In 1911, State Field got upgraded by the addition of a wooden grandstand that would hold 250 fans. Most of the fans attending home games at State Field at the time were still accustomed to standing room only. In 1917, State Field was moved across the street to where the current Louisiana State Capitol building is located. A wooden grandstand that held 7,000 spectators was installed that year. The seating was built using funds donated by a fan, H.V. Moseley.

## LSU baseball

On May 13, 1893, LSU played its first baseball game versus Tulane University. The game resulted in a victory for LSU. From 1893 to 1924 LSU baseball played 388 games at State Field with LSU having a 192-184-12 record.

## LSU basketball

The LSU basketball team played at State Field.

## Gallery

* 1895 LSU Football team played at State Field
* Players on goal line in 1902 LSU vs. Auburn game at State Field
* 1900 LSU Baseball team played at State Field
* 1909 LSU Basketball team at State Field
# Fersommling

A Fersommling (plural: Fersommlinge, also spelled Versammling, Versammling, or Fersammling) is a Pennsylvania Dutch social event in which food is served, speeches are made, and one or more g'spiel, which are plays or skits, are performed for entertainment. William W. Donner describes that "A high degree of theatricality and ceremony is involved, especially in the groundhog lodges: pledging loyalty to the lodge and the groundhog, listening to a weather report, singing patriotic songs in Deitsch, and ending every meeting by asking God to allow them to keep their way of life and their merriment."
Among these traditions is the singing of the German folk song "Schnitzelbank" and the patriotic "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", in Pennsylvania German as translated by John Birmelin. "There is continual creativity, as current events are incorporated into the versammling performances, speeches, and skits," writes William Donner.
Fersommlinge are typically attended by the Fancy Dutch, as opposed to the "Plain sects" of the Amish, Brethren, and Mennonites. The term literally means "a congregation," not in the sense of a group of church-goers, but as a "social gathering of people." Fersommlinge are not religious functions, though many churches and church groups hosted the events and used them to raise money. The Pennsylvania German dialect is the only language spoken at the event, and those who speak English pay a penalty, usually in the form of a nickel, dime or quarter, per word spoken, put into a bowl in the center of the table.
William Donner summarizes that "The versammlinge which started as a way to celebrate Pennsylvania German heritage and ethnicity became over time part of that heritage and ethnicity."

## History

The first Fersommling was held by Dr. John I. Woodruff of Susquehanna University in 1933. Shortly afterward, on March 13, 1933, a second was held in Allentown, Pennsylvania at the home of William S. Troxell, who wrote a daily column on Pennsylvania German culture for the Allentown Morning Call under the pseudonym "Pumpernickle Bill." The purpose of the gathering was to plan the formation of the first Grundsow (Groundhog) Lodge.
The next Groundhog Day, which took place on February 2, 1934 in Northampton, Pennsylvania, was the first Fersommling of Grundsow Lodge Nummer Ains an Da Lechaw (Number One on the Lehigh).
Fersommlinge continue to be held throughout eastern Pennsylvania as a means of preserving the Pennsylvania German dialect and culture. For example, the Berks County Fersommling, which started in 1937, annually attracts more than 700 participants, most of whom are of Pennsylvania German ancestry.
Since 1997, some of the texts presented at Fersommlinge are also published in the Pennsylvania German newspaper Hiwwe wie Driwwe. Current Fersommling and Grundsau lodge information is kept up to date at the groundhoglodge.org and through the Pennsylvania German Society.
# Woodstock Express

Woodstock Express (or Woodstock's Express) refers to seven family or kiddie roller coasters operated by Six Flags at former Cedar Fair parks. All of which are currently operating and are located in the Camp Snoopy/ Planet Snoopy section of each park:
* Woodstock Express (Cedar Point) a steel junior coaster at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio
* Woodstock Express (Carowinds) a wooden Carowinds in Charlotte, North Carolina
* Woodstock Express (Kings Island) a wooden coaster at Kings Island near Cincinnati, Ohio
* Woodstock Express (Kings Dominion) a wooden coaster at Kings Dominion near Richmond, Virginia
* Woodstock Express (Dorney Park) a steel junior coaster at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania
* Woodstock Express (Michigan's Adventure) a steel family coaster at Michigan's Adventure in Muskegon, Michigan.
* Woodstock's Express (California's Great America) a relocated steel kiddie coaster at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California that had previously operated at the now defunct Hanna-Barbera Land insert Spring, Texas
# Jorge Zárate (actor)

Jorge Zárate (born November 1, 1962) is a Mexican film, television, and theater actor. He is known for his starring role as El Indio Amaro in the Telemundo telenovela Señora Acero.

## Early life and career

Zárate, born in Mexico City, studied communications at the Metropolitan Autonomous University. He made his acting debut in 1984 and since then has participated in more than 30 plays and 20 films including Panchito Rex, Nicotina, Las Vueltas del Citrillo, Herod's Law, Hell, and Tlatelolco, verano del 68. In 2008, he won an Ariel Award for his role in the film Dos Abrazos.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1994 | Novia que te vea | Carmona | |
| 1995 | La vida se amputa en seco | Ladrón | Short film |
| 1996 | Sucesos distantes | Heberto | |
| 1997 | Adela despierta despierta | Narrator / Luna | Short film |
| 1997 | Sistole Diastole | Edmundo | Short film |
| 1999 | La ley de Herodes | Tiburón | |
| 2000 | Gimme the Power | Taxista enpistolado | |
| 2000 | Antes que anochezca | Prosecutor | |
| 2001 | Piedras verdes | Agente 1 | |
| 2001 | Un mundo raro | Cayubas | |
| 2001 | De la calle | Carnicero / Don Lenche | |
| 2002 | Vivir mata | Taquero | |
| 2002 | Las caras de la luna | Pulido | |
| 2002 | Ciudades oscuras | Encargado | |
| 2002 | El crimen del padre Amaro | Padre Mauro | |
| 2003 | La hija del caníbal | Blanco | |
| 2003 | Zurdo | Pavis | |
| 2003 | Dame tu cuerpo | Mauri | |
| 2003 | El misterio del Trinidad | Accidentado | |
| 2003 | Nicotina | Sánchez | |
| 2003 | DeLímite de tiempo | Hombre | |
| 2004 | Puerto Vallarta Squeeze | Víctor | |
| 2004 | A Silent Love | Sr. Valdivia | |
| 2004 | Man on Fire | Customs Official | Uncredited |
| 2010 | El Infierno | El Huasteco | |
| 2014 | Eddie Reynolds y los ángeles de acero | Fernando | |
Television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1997 | Mujer, casos de la vida real | Unknown role | Episode: "Una lección de amor" |
| 1997 | Gente bien | Esteban | Recurring role; 88 episodes |
| 1999 | Cuentos para solitarios | Dionisio/Doctor #1 | 2 episodes |
| 2001 | El guardián de Red Rock | Jim Johnson | Television film |
| 2002 | Fidel | Coronel del Río Chaviano | Television film |
| 2003 | Dos chicos de cuidado en la ciudad | Toribio | |
| 2010 | Gritos de muerte y libertad | Inquisidor Tirado | Episode: "La última conjura" |
| 2010 | Capadocia | Nuro Vega | Recurring role; 6 episodes |
| 2012 | El albergue | Don Billy | |
| 2012 | La ruta blanca | Capitán Sánchez | |
| 2013 | El Señor de los Cielos | Juan Montoya | Recurring role (season 1); 14 episodes |
| 2014–2018 | Señora Acero | "El Indio" Amaro Rodríguez | Main Antagonist (seasons 1–4); 296 episodes |
| 2018 | El secreto de Selena | Abraham Quintanilla | Recurring role; 13 episodes |
| 2020 | Operación Pacífico | El Doctor | Recurring role |
| 2024 | ¿Quién lo mató? | Prosecutor Villareal | Main role |
# G. William Schwert

G. William "Bill" Schwert is a retired University of Rochester Simon Business School finance professor, and was the managing editor of the Journal of Financial Economics (JFE) from 1995 to 2021, after previously serving as one of several editors.
Schwert graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1971 and earned a PhD in financial economics from what is now the University of Chicago Booth School of Business in 1975. Aside from one year as an assistant professor at Chicago, he spent his entire career at Rochester's Simon School before being granted professor emeritus status in 2021. In 1998, he was named Distinguished University Professor of Finance and Statistics. In 2009, he was named a Fellow of the Financial Management Association and in 2019 he was named a Fellow of the American Finance Association.

## Publications

As a researcher, Schwert's most influential publications, as measured by the number of citations listed at Google Scholar, concern the volatility of stock market prices. On Google Scholar, he has over 42,000 citations. His articles include:
* "Asset Returns and Inflation" (with Eugene F. Fama) Journal of Financial Economics 1977
* "Expected Stock Returns and Volatility" (with Kenneth R. French and Robert F. Stambaugh) Journal of Financial Economics 1987
* "Why Does Stock market Volatility Change Over Time?" Journal of Finance 1989
# GE three-power boxcab

The GE three-power boxcabs were early electro-diesel hybrid switcher locomotives. These boxcabs were termed oil battery electrics to avoid the use of the German name Diesel, unpopular after World War I.

## History

The prototype of these locomotives was New York Central 1525 delivered in February 1928. This locomotive had a center-cab design. After successful testing a series of 40 locomotives with boxcab carbodies were built along with the line of the ALCO boxcabs by a consortium of ALCO, General Electric, Ingersoll Rand and Electric Storage Battery. ALCO built the locomotive frame, carbody and running gear, General Electric built the generator, traction motors and controls, Ingersoll Rand provided the diesel engine, and the traction batteries were made by the Electric Storage Battery Co. of Philadelphia (now Exide).
The locomotives were mainly used in city areas for switching work, where exhaust-emissions-free operation was required at spurs entering factory halls. The main batch was ordered by New York Central Railroad to be used in the New York City area operating on the West Side Line and the High Line. Some three-power boxcabs also worked Chicago, Detroit, and Boston. One locomotive was built for Rock Island, which used it for switching the LaSalle Street Station in Chicago.

## Technical description

The principle of operation was similar to that of modern hybrid locomotives, the diesel engine driving a main generator of 600 volts DC, which provided charging current to a bank of batteries which powered four traction motors, one per axle. In addition to being powered by the diesel engine, these locomotives were capable of operating as electric locomotives. Two of these locomotives were equipped to operate off of 3000 volt overhead lines, and 34 were capable of operating off of a 600 volt third rail. The locomotives were equipped with a six-cylinder four-stroke in-line engine of 300 hp (224 kW). The diesel motor was used to charge the batteries, which could not be charged by third rail power. The battery consisted of 240 Exide Ironclad cells with a total capacity of 301 kWh.
# Breteuil, Eure

Breteuil (French pronunciation:), also known as Breteuil-sur-Iton ("Breteuil-on-Iton"), is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes Cintray and La Guéroulde were merged into Breteuil.

## History

During the Middle Ages, Breteuil was the seat of a lordship in the duchy of Normandy. Its lord William FitzOsbern was a companion of William during his conquest of England in 1066. His son William of Breteuil served as a Benedictine abbot before inheriting Breteuil and was later canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. His illegitimate son Eustace of Breteuil married Juliane de Fontevrault, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, who feuded with her father and eventually lost control of the lordship.
In 1356, as it had sided with the English, Breteuil was under siege by the king of France, John II (r. 1350–1364). It was relieved in late June after Edward III of England (r. 1327–1377) diverted to Normandy an expedition under Henry of Lancaster, originally planned for Brittany. This strategy aimed at building on discontent and outright rebellion in Normandy against the unpopular French king, and caused John II to retreat to Rouen.
After subsequently failing to bring the English force to battle, the French King returned to Breteuil and re-established the siege. This continued to distract him from the English preparations for a greater chevauchée from south-west France. At some point in August an unusually large belfry, or mobile siege tower, was pushed up to the walls of Breteuil and a full-scale assault launched. The defenders set fire to the belfry and repulsed the attack. The historian Kenneth Fowler describes the siege as "magnificent but archaic".
Eventually John had to give way to the pressure to do something to prevent the destruction being inflicted in south-west France. Sometime around 20 August he offered the garrison of Breteuil free passage, a huge bribe and permission to take with them their valuables and goods, which persuaded them to vacate the town.
# Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan

Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan (7 November 1738 – 31 October 1813) was a French Catholic Prelate who was Archbishop of Bordeaux and then Archbishop of Cambrai.

## Early life

He was the son of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guéméné and Louise-Gabrielle Julie de Rohan; brother of Cardinal de Rohan, and Jules, prince de Guéméné. Mériadec was a chaplain of the Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais. He served as prior and doctor of the Sorbonne and provost of the church of Strasbourg.

## Episcopate

He was nominated Archbishop of Bordeaux by King Louis XV on 26 December 1769, and his bulls were granted by Pope Clement XIV in the Consistory of 29 January 1770. He was consecrated a bishop in the church of the Sorbonne on 8 April 1770 by his brother Louis, the coadjutor Archbishop of Strasbourg, assisted by the Bishops of Poitiers and Vabres. He was installed in Bordeaux by procurator. He made his solemn entry into Bordeaux on 5 May 1771. He was nominated Archbishop of Cambrai by King Louis XVI on 28 January 1781, and received his bulls from Pope Pius VI dated 2 April 1781.

## Private life

His mistress was Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany, illegitimate daughter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, with whom he had at least three children, including Charles Edward Stuart, Count Roehenstart. Lacking legitimacy or permission, Charlotte was unable to marry. Thus, she otherwise sought a protector and provider. Probably unbeknownst to her father, Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie"), she became the mistress of Mériadec – related by blood to the house of Stuart as well as Bourbon and Lorraine – who was also unable to marry legitimately, having entered the Church as a younger son of a noble house. By him, she had the following issue: two daughters, Victoire Adélaïde (born between 1781 and spring 1783), and Charlotte (born during summer 1780), and finally a son, Charles Edward. Possibly, there were also two other girls, Marie Victoire (born June 1779), and Marie Aglaë, who is either identical with one of her sisters or has not been accounted for. Her children were kept secret, and remained largely unknown until the 20th century. When Charlotte eventually left France for Florence shortly after her son's birth, she entrusted the children into the care of her mother, Clementina Walkinshaw, and it appears that few, and certainly not her father, knew of their existence.
His sister-in-law, Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne, was a first cousin of Prince Charles Edward Stuart and became his mistress. They had a short-lived son together, Charles Godefroi Sophie Jules Marie de Rohan, but Charles left her for Clementina Walkinshaw, with whom he had Charlotte.
He died in Paris in 1813.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan :