# List of wars involving Poland

This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
    Polish victory
    Polish defeat
    Another result
    Internal conflict
    Ongoing conflict

## Piast Poland (960–1138)

During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 963– 967 | Polish-Veletian War | Duchy of Poland Duchy of Bohemia (967) | VeletiWolinians (967) | Mieszko I | Battle of Mieszko I with Wichman | Victory |
| 972 | Battle of Cedynia | Duchy of Poland | Saxon Eastern March | Mieszko I Prince Czcibor | | Victory |
| 979-980 | Otto II's raid on Poland | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Mieszko I | | Victory |
| 981 | Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Mieszko I | | Defeat |
| 988– 990 | Polish-Bohemian War | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Bohemia | Mieszko I | | Victory |
| 995 | Polabian expedition | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | ObotritesVeleti | Bolesław I | | Defeat |
| 1003– 1005 | German–Polish War [pl] | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of BohemiaVeleti | Bolesław I | Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018) | Defeat |
| 1007–1013 | German–Polish War [pl] | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Bolesław I | Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018) | Victory |
| 1015–1018 | German–Polish War [pl] | Duchy of Poland Moravians | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of BohemiaMargraviate of AustriaVeleti | Bolesław I | Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018) | Victory |
| 1018 | Intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | Sviatopolk loyalists Duchy of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Yaroslav the Wise loyalists | Bolesław I Sviatopolk I | Battle of the River Bug | Victory |
| 1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Bolesław I | | Victory |
| 1028– 1031 | German–Polish War | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus' | Mieszko II | Siege of Bautzen | Defeat |
| 1038–1047 | Miecław's Rebellion | Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' | Miecław's StateDuchy of Eastern PomeraniaYotvingians | Casimir I Yaroslav the Wise | Battle of Casimir I with Miecław | Victory |
| 1038 | Bretislav I's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | | | Defeat |
| 1050 | Casimir I's raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Casimir I | | Victory |
| 1060 | Siege of Hradec nad Moravicí [pl] | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław II | | Defeat |
| 1069–1071 | Expedition to Kiev | Kingdom of PolandRuthenian rebels | Kievan Rus'PechenegsVarangians | Bolesław II Wszebor Iziaslav I Sviatopolk II | | Victory |
| 1076–1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's expedition on Kievan Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Bolesław II | | Victory Iziaslav I put on the throne |
| 1092 | Vasilko Rostislavich's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | | | Defeat |
| 1093– 1100 | Civil War in Poland | Władysław I Herman Sieciech Duchy of Bohemia | Zbigniew of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth | Sieciech Władysław I Zbigniew Bolesław III | Battle of Gopło | Internal conflict |
| 1103– 1108 | Civil War in Poland$^{:248–284}$ | Bolesław III Wrymouth Kingdom of Hungary Kievan Rus' | Zbigniew of Poland Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław III | | Internal conflict |
| 1109 | Henry V's expedition to Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław III | Siege of Głogów Battle of Nakło Battle of Hundsfeld | Victory |
| 1120–1125 | Polish–Ruthenian War | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Bolesław III | Kievan–Cuman raid on Poland Siege of Volodymyr Battle of Wilichów | Victory |
| 1121 | Battle of Niekładź [pl] | Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians | Bolesław III | | Victory |
| 1135 | Vladimirko Volodarovich's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | | | Defeat |
| 1136 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | | | Victory |

## Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)

In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1142–1143 | Vsevolod II's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | | | Defeat |
| 1147 | Wendish Crusade | Crusaders including: Kingdom of Poland | Wends | | | Victory |
| 1154– 1155 | Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine$^{:59–60}$ | Polish knights | Saracen | Henry I | | Victory |
| 1157 | Frederick I's expedition to Głogów | Kingdom of Poland CumaniaOld Prussians | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław IV | | Defeat |
| 1163 | Polish raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | | | Victory |
| 1182– 1183 | War for Brest | Kingdom of PolandRuthenian rebels | Kievan Rus' | Casimir II Mikołaj Gryfita | | Victory |
| 1192 | Battle of Drohiczyn | Kingdom of Poland | Yatvingians Kievan Rus'CumaniansPolish rebels | Casimir II | | Victory |
| 1199 | Leszek the White's expedition to Halych | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Victory |
| 1205 | Battle of Zawichost | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of MasoviaHouse of Welf | Kingdom of Galicia–VolhyniaHohenstaufen | Leszek the White Konrad I | | Victory |
| 1206 | Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Victory |
| 1207 | Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Victory |
| 1209–1211 | Battle of Lubusz | Duchy of Silesia Duchy of Greater Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Henry the Bearded Władysław III | | Victory |
| 1213–1214 | Leszek the White's Galician Campaign [ru] | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Victory |
| 1218 | Leszek the White's expedition to Ruthenia | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Defeat |
| 1219–1221 | Polish–Hungarian–Ruthenian War | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | | Defeat |
| 1224 | War between Leszek the White and Mstislav Mstislavich | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek the White | | Victory |
| 1225–1229 | Second War for Lubusz | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | | | Victory |
| 1227 | Battle of Zvenigorod [ru] | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | | Defeat |
| 1229 | Daniel expedition to Kalisz | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | | Defeat |
| 1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians$^{:182}$ | Local dukes Teutonic Knights | Old Prussians | Konrad I Henry I Władysław Odonic Swietopelk II Sambor II | Battle of Reisen | Victory |
| 1236–1237 | Mikhail's Volyn campaign [ru] | Principality of VolhyniaCumans Duchy of Kraków Duchy of Masovia | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Konrad I | | Defeat |
| 1238–1240 | Battle of Lubusz | Duchy of Silesia | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Henry II | | Victory |
| 1241 | First Mongol Invasion of Poland | Local dukes Military orders | Mongol Empire | Henry II Pakosław of Sandomierz Włodzimierz of Cracow Klemens of Brzeźnica Klement of Ruszcza Mieszko II Władysław I Sulisław of Kraków Szczepan of Wierzbna | Battles during the first Mongol invasion of Poland | Defeat |
| 1259– 1260 | Second Mongol Invasion of Poland | Bolesław V the Chaste | Mongol Empire | Bolesław V | Sack of Sandomierz | Defeat |
| 1260 | Battle of Kressenbrunn | Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Silesia | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Bolesław V | | Defeat |
| 1264 | Battle of Brańsk | Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków | Kingdom of Galicia–VolhyniaYotvingians | Boleslaw V | | Victory |
| 1265–1278 | Polish–Brandenburgian War | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | | | Victory |
| 1269–1272 | Civil war in Pomerelia | Duchy of ŚwiecieDuchy of PomereliaDuchy of Greater Poland | Duchy of GdańskDuchy of LubiszewoDuchy of InowrocławState of the Teutonic OrderMargraviate of Brandenburg | Bolesław the Pious Wartislaw II Sambor II Ziemomysł of Kuyavia | | Internal conflict |
| 1273– 1274 | Civil War in Poland$^{:226–228}$ | Bolesław V the Chaste | Vladislaus I of Opole | Bolesłav V Vladislaus I | Battle of Bogucin | Internal conflict |
| 1277 | Silesian Civil War$^{:243–247}$ | Henry V of Legnica Bolesław II the Horned | Przemysł II Henry III of Głogów | Henry V Bolesław II Przemysł II Henry III | Battle of Stolec [pl] | Internal conflict |
| 1278 | Battle of Myślibórz | Duchy of Greater PolandDuchy of Pomerelia | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Bolesław the Pious | | Victory |
| 1279 | Ruthenian raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | | Defeat |
| 1280 | Kraków campaign of Leo I of Galicia | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek II | Battle of Goźlice | Victory |
| 1287– 1288 | Third Mongol Invasion of Poland | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Mongol Empire | Leszek II | Battle of Łagów Battle of Dunajec [pl] Battle of Stary Sącz | Victory |
| 1288– 1290 | War for Lesser Poland$^{:696}$$^{:536}$ | Władysław I the Elbow-high Casimir II of Łęczyca Bolesław II of Masovia Konrad II of Masovia | Henry III of Głogów Przemko of Ścinawa Bolko I of Opole | Władysław I Casimir II Bolesław II Konrad II Henry III Bolko I | Battle of Siewierz [pl] | Internal conflict |
| 1308 | Siege of Gdańsk [pl] | Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Order | Margraviate of BrandenburgSwienca familyDiocese of Kamien PomorskiDiocese of Lebus | | | Victory |
| 1308 | Teutonic takeover of Danzig | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Władysław I | | Defeat |
| 1311–1312 | Mayor Albert's Rebellion | Kingdom of Poland | Burghers of Kraków | Władysław I | | Victory |

## Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385)

In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of Władyslaw I Łokietek and his son Casimir III the Great, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of Germans and Jews. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1323 | Polish–Hungarian expedition to Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | | | Victory |
| 1326 | Raid on Brandenburg | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Władysław I | | Victory |
| 1326– 1332 | Polish-Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Płock | Teutonic Knights Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Masovia | Władysław I Casimir III Wincenty of Szamotuły [pl] Wenceslaus of Płock | Battle of Kowal [pl] Siege of Płock [pl] Battle of Płowce Defense of Łuk Warty [pl] Siege of Kalisz [pl] Battle of Konin [pl] Battle of Pyzdry Siege of Brześć Kujawski [pl] | Indecisive |
| 1340– 1392 | Galicia-Volhynia Wars | Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crimean Khanate | Casimir III Siemowit III | Battle of the Vistula Battle of Lublin [pl] Battle of Żukowo [pl] Lithuanian raid on Mazovia Lithuanian raid on Poland | Victory |
| 1345– 1348 | Polish-Czech War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Bohemia | Casimir III | Siege of Żory [pl] Siege of Kraków [pl] Battle of Lelów [pl] Battle of Pogoń [pl] | Indecisive Treaty of Namslau |
| 1352–1358 | Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation [pl] | Kingdom of Poland | Maciek Borkowicz's ConfederationFamilies from Greater Poland and Brandenburg | | | Victory |
| 1375– 1377 | Hungarian-Ottoman War | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Ottoman Empire | Louis I | | Victory |
| 1381– 1385 | Greater Poland Civil War | Grzymała | Nałęcz | | | Internal conflict |

## Jagiellon Poland (1385–1569)

For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1387 | Polish conquest of Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Jadwiga Władysław II | | Victory |
| 1389– 1392 | Lithuanian Civil War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Samogitia Teutonic Knights Rus' principalities | Władysław II | | Indecisive |
| 1389–1396 | Hungarian–Ottoman War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of PolandOthers | Ottoman EmpireMoravian Serbia | | Battle of Nicopolis | Defeat |
| 1399 | Battle of the Vorskla River | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of PolandOthers | Golden Horde | Spytko II | | Defeat |
| 1409– 1411 | Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic KnightsCzech mercenariesSilesian mercenaries | Władysław II Janusz I Siemowit IV Siemowit V Bogislav VIII | Battle of Grunwald Siege of Marienburg Battle of Koronowo | Victory |
| 1414 | Hunger War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic Knights | Władysław II | | Victory |
| 1415– 1419 | Hungarian–Ottoman War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Poland | Ottoman Empire | | | Indecisive |
| 1419 | Retreat Expedition [pl] | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Władysław II | | Initial Polish victory Expedition cancelled afterwards |
| 1422 | Golub War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Moldavia | Teutonic Knights | Władysław II | | Victory |
| 1425–1427 | Uckermark War | Pomerania-Stettin Pomerania-Wolgast Pomerania-Stolp Pomerania-Stargard Mecklenburg-Stargard Kingdom of Poland Werle (1425–1426) | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Jan of Czarnków | | Victory |
| 1431– 1435 | Polish-Teutonic War | Hussites Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Žygimantas Kęstutaitis) | Teutonic Knights Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Švitrigaila) | Jan Mężyk [pl] Feodor Ostrogski | Battle of Dąbki [pl] | Victory |
| 1432– 1438 | Lithuanian Civil War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Roman Catholic) Kingdom of Poland Hussites | Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Eastern Orthodox) Teutonic Knights Livonian Order Golden Horde Principality of Moldavia | Jakub Kobylański | Battle of Kopystryń [pl] Battle of Wiłkomierz | Victory |
| 1437– 1442 | Hungarian–Ottoman War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Poland | Ottoman Empire | Władysław III | Siege of Belgrade Battle of Hermannstadt | Victory |
| 1443–1444 | Crusade of Varna | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of HungaryOthers | Ottoman Empire | Władysław III | Battles of the Crusade of Varna | Defeat |
| 1454– 1466 | Thirteen Years' War | Prussian Confederation Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights Livonian Brothers of the Sword Kingdom of Denmark | Piotr Dunin Jan Bażyński Casimir IV | Siege of Malbork Battle of Chojnice Battle of Ryn Battle of Eylau Battle of Bornholm Siege of Marienburg Battle of Pruszcz Gdański Battle of Świecino Battle of Vistula Lagoon | Victory |
| 1467– 1479 | War of the Priests | Kingdom of Poland | Nicolaus von Tüngen Teutonic Knights | Piotr Dunin Casimir IV | | Victory |
| 1475 | Battle of Vaslui | Moldavia Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Ottoman Empire | | | Victory |
| 1476–1482 | War of the Głogów Succession [pl] | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Bohemia | | | Defeat |
| 1485– 1503 | Polish-Ottoman War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Ottoman Empire Principality of Moldavia Crimean Khanate | Casimir IV John I Stanisław Chodecki | Battle of Cătlăbuga Battle of Kopystrzyń Battle of Zasław Battle of the Cosmin Forest | Defeat |
| 1500– 1503 | Second Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Stanisław Kiszka Alexander Jagiellon | Battle of Vedrosha Battle of the Siritsa River Battle of Mstislavl Siege of Smolensk | Defeat |
| 1502– 1510 | Polish-Moldavian War | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia  Ottoman Empire | Mikołaj Kamieniecki Alexander Jagiellon | Battle of Cernăuți Battle of Khotyn [pl] | Victory |
| 1507–1508 | Lithuanian-Muscovite War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Sigismund I the Old | Battle of Orsha [pl] Glinski rebellion | Indecisive |
| 1512– 1522 | Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Sigismund I Jerzy Radziwiłł | Battle of Orsha Siege of Smolensk Siege of Opochka Siege of Polotsk | Defeat |
| 1519– 1521 | Polish-Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Sigismund I Mikołaj Firlej Nicolaus Copernicus | | Victory |
| 1521–1526 | Hungarian–Ottoman War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of PolandOthers | Ottoman Empire | | Siege of Belgrade Siege of Šabac Battle of Mohács | Defeat |
| 1524 | Turko–Tatar raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | | | Victory |
| 1530– 1538 | Polish-Moldavian War | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Jan Tarnowski Mikołaj Sieniawski | Battle of Gwoździec Battle of Obertyn Battle of Seret [pl] | Victory |
| 1534– 1537 | Lithuanian–Muscovite War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Sigismund I | Siege of Starodub [pl] | Indecisive |
| 1537 | Chicken War | Kingdom of Poland | Nobility | Sigismund I | | Internal conflict |
| 1551 | Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland Moldavian opposition | Principality of Moldavia | Jan Mielecki Mikołaj Sieniawski | | Defeat |
| 1552 | Sieniawski's intervention in Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland Moldavian opposition | Principality of Moldavia | Mikołaj Sieniawski Maciej Włodek | | Victory |
| 1561 | Battle of Verbia | Rebel forces Kingdom of PolandOthers | Principality of Moldavia Ottoman Empire Principality of Wallachia | Peter Soldicki | | Victory |
| 1561– 1570 | Russo-Lithuanian War | Livonian Confederation Kingdom of Poland Denmark–Norway Swedish Empire | Tsardom of Russia Kingdom of Livonia | Sigismund II Stephen Bathory | Battle of Nevel Battle of Ula Battles of Wenden Siege of Polotsk Second Battle of Ula [pl] | Defeat |
| 1562 | Swedish expedition to Livonia | Polish–Lithuanian Union | Kingdom of Sweden | Sigismund II | | Defeat |
| 1563– 1568 | Polish–Swedish War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Denmark–Norway Free City of Lübeck | Kingdom of Sweden | Sigismund II | | Defeat |

## Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1575–1577 | Danzig rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | City of Gdańsk | Stephen Báthory Jan Zborowski | | Victory |
| 1577– 1583 | Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania | Tsardom of Russia | Stephen Bathory Jan Zamoyski Andrzej Sapieha Mikołaj Mielecki Mikołaj Radziwiłł Krzysztof Radziwiłł | Events during the Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory | Victory |
| 1587– 1588 | War of the Polish Succession | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Archduchy of Austria | Jan Zamoyski Sigismund III | Siege of Kraków Battle of Byczyna | Victory |
| 1591 | Kosiński Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | | Battle of Piatka | Victory |
| 1593–1606 | Long Turkish War | Habsburg monarchy Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Kingdom of HungaryOthers | Ottoman Empire | | Battle of Keresztes Battle of Mirăslău | Indecisive |
| 1594-1596 | Nalyvaiko Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | | Battle of Lubny | Victory |
| 1595 | Expedition to Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Moldavia Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Jan Zamoyski | Battle of Cecora Battle of Suceava | Victory |
| 1598– 1599 | War against Sigismund | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III | Battle of Stegeborg Battle of Stångebro | Defeat |
| 1600– 1611 | Polish-Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Jan Chodkiewicz Jan Zamoyski Stanisław Żółkiewski Krzysztof Radziwiłł Jürgen von Farensbach | Battle of Karksi Battle of Wenden Battle of Kokenhausen Siege of Wolmar Siege of Fellin Battle of Reval Siege of Weissenstein Battle of Rakvere Battle of Weissenstein Battle of Kircholm Capture of Daugavgrīva Siege of Pärnu Battle of Salis Battle of Daugavgrīva | Disputed |
| 1605 | 1st Dimitriad | False Dmitry I Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | | | Victory |
| 1606 | Moscow uprising [ru] | False Dmitry I Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | | | Defeat |
| 1607 | Stefan Potocki's expedition to Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Moldavia Crimean Khanate | | | Victory |
| 1607–1609 | 2nd Dimitriad | False Dmitry II Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | | | Defeat |
| 1609– 1618 | Polish-Muscovite War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth False Dmitry I | Tsardom of Russia Don Cossacks Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Władysław IV Jan Chodkiewicz Stanisław Żółkiewski False Dmitry I False Dmitry II Aleksander Lisowski Jan Sapieha Lew Sapieha Aleksander Gosiewski Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny | Battle of Novhorod-Siverskyi Battle of Dobrynichi Siege of Kromy Battle of Kozelsk Battle of Zaraysk Battle of Bolkhov Battle of Medvezhiy Brod Siege of Troitsky monastery De la Gardie campaign Siege of Smolensk Tsaryovo-Zaymishche Battle of Klushino Battle of Moscow Siege of Smolensk Battle of Mozhaysk Siege of Moscow Prince Władysław's March on Moscow | Victory |
| 1612 | Battle of Cornul lui Sas | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Moldavia Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Stefan Potocki [pl] Stanisław Żółkiewski | | Defeat |
| 1615–1616 | Expedition to Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthMoldavian opposition | Principality of Moldavia Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia | Samuel Korecki Michał Wiśniowiecki | Battle of Iași Battle of Cornul lui Sas | Defeat |
| 1617– 1618 | Polish-Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Krzysztof Radziwiłł | | Defeat |
| 1619 | Lisowczyk's intervention in the Thirty Years' War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Transylvania | | Battle of Humenné | Victory |
| 1620– 1621 | Polish-Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia | Stanisław Żółkiewski Jan Chodkiewicz Władysław IV Stanisław Koniecpolski Stanisław Lubomirski Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny | Raid on Istanbul Battle of Cecora Battle of Khotyn | Indecisive |
| 1621– 1625 | Polish-Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Aleksander Gosiewski Jan Sapieha | Battle of Kroppenhof Battle of Listenhoff Battle of Wallhof | Defeat |
| 1625 | Zhmaylo Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | | | Victory |
| 1626– 1629 | Polish-Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Holy Roman Empire | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Stanisław Koniecpolski Aleksander Gosiewski Jan Sapieha Lew Sapieha Stanisław Potocki Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg Arend Dickmann | Battle of Gniew Battle of Wenden Battle of Czarne Battle of Dirscha Battle of Oliwa Battle of Treiden Battle of Ostróda Battle of Górzno Battle of Trzciana | Defeat |
| 1630 | Fedorovych Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Stanisław Koniecpolski | | Victory |
| 1632– 1634 | Smolensk War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | Władysław IV Krzysztof Radziwiłł Aleksander Gosiewski | Siege of Dorogobuzh Siege of Smolensk Siege of Putivl [pl] Raid on Polotsk [pl] Battle of Smolensk [pl] Siege of Belaya | Victory |
| 1633– 1634 | Polish-Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia Budjak Horde | Stanisław Koniecpolski | Battle of Sasowy Róg [pl] Battle of Paniowce | Indecisive |
| 1635 | Sulyma Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Stanisław Koniecpolski | | Victory |
| 1637–1638 | Pavlyuk Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Mikołaj Potocki | Battle of Kumeyki | Victory |
| 1638 | Ostryanyn Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Mikołaj Potocki Jeremi Wiśniowiecki | Battle of Zhovnyn Siege of the Starzec River | Victory |
| 1648– 1657 | Khmelnytsky Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Zaporozhian Cossacks Crimean Khanate | John II Jeremi Wiśniowiecki Marcin Kalinowski Mikołaj Potocki Stefan Potocki Stefan Czarniecki Janusz Tyszkiewicz Władysław Zasławski-Ostrogski Aleksander Koniecpolski Janusz Radziwiłł Wincenty Gosiewski Władysław Wołłowicz Mikołaj Ostroróg Stanisław Lanckoroński Marek Sobieski Zygmunt Przyjemski | Battle of Zhovti Vody Battle of Korsuń Battle of Starokostiantyniv Battle of Pyliavts Battle of Mazyr Battle of Loyew Battle of Zahal Siege of Zbarazh Battle of Zboriv Battle of Krasne Battle of Kopychyntsi Battle of Berestechko Battle of Loyew Battle of Bila Tserkva Battle of Batih Siege of Suceava Battle of Zhvanets Battle of Okhmativ Battle of Magierów | Indecisive |
| 1651 | Kostka-Napierski uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Wilhelm Jarocki Michał Jordan | | Victory |
| 1654– 1667 | Russo-Polish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Tsardom of Russia Zaporozhian Cossacks | Stefan Czarniecki Wincenty Gosiewski John II Stanisław Lanckoroński Jerzy Lubomirski Michał Pac Stanisław Potocki Janusz Radziwiłł Paweł Sapieha Ivan Vyhovsky Pavlo Teteria Filip Obuchowicz [pl] Krzysztof Grodzicki Władysław Wołłowicz Jan Pasek Kazimierz Żeromski | Siege of Smolensk Siege of Mstislav [pl] Trubetsky Massacre [pl] Battle of Shklow Battle of Shepeleviche Battle of Okhmativ Battle of Vilnius Battle of Horodok Siege of Lwów [pl] Battle of Ozerna Battle of Verkiai Battle of Myadel Battle of Konotop Siege of Lyakhavichy Siege of Barysaw Battle of Polonka Battle of Lyubar Battle of Slobodyshche Battle of Basya Battle of Chudnov Battle of Kushliki Battle of Vitebsk Battle of Stavishche Siege of Hlukhiv | Defeat |
| 1655– 1660 | Northern War of 1655–1660 (Second Northern War) | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Swedish Empire Zaporozhian Cossacks | Krzysztof Opaliński John II Stanisław Lanckoroński Aleksander Koniecpolski Stefan Czarniecki Jan Krasiński Stasnisław Potocki Augustyn Kordecki Stanisław Warszycki Jan Zamoyski Jerzy Lubomirski Krzysztof Grodzicki | (list of battles) | Disputed |
| 1665–1666 | Lubomirski's rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Forces loyal to Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski | John II Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki John III Michał Kazimierz Pac | Battle of Częstochowa [pl] Battle of Mątwy | Defeat |
| 1666– 1671 | Polish-Cossack-Tatar War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks Crimean Khanate  Ottoman Empire | John III Sebastian Machowski [pl] | Battle of Ściana [pl] Battle of Podhajc Battle of Bracław [pl] Battle of Kalnik | Victory |
| 1672– 1676 | Polish-Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire Zaporozhian Cossacks Crimean Khanate Lipka Tatars | John III Mikołaj Potocki Mykhailo Khanenko Michał Radziwiłł Jan Chrzanowski | Battle of Ladyzhyn Siege of Kamenets Battle of Krasnobród Battle of Niemirów Battle of Komarno Battle of Kalush Battle of Khotyn Battle of Lwów Battle of Trembowla Battle of Żurawno | Defeat |
| 1683– 1699 | Polish-Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Archduchy of Austria | Ottoman Empire | John III Sobieski Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski Marcin Kątski Stefan Kunicki James Louis Sobieski Kazimierz Jan Sapieha Feliks Kazimierz Potocki | Battle of Vienna Battle of Párkány Siege of Kamenets Battle of Hodów Battle of Ustechk Battle of Podhajce | Victory Treaty of Karlowitz |
| 1697–1702 | Lithuanian Civil War | Anti–Sapieha Coalition | Saphieha family and allies | John III Augustus II | | Victory |
| 1700– 1721 | Great Northern War | Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–) Tsardom of Russia Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–) Electorate of Saxony (1700–06, 1709–) Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–) Cossack Hetmanate (1700–08, 1709–1721) Kingdom of Prussia (1715–) Electorate of Hanover (1715-)others | Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–09) Swedish Empire Ottoman Empire (1710–14) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)others | Augustus II Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki Ludwik Pociej Jan Kazimierz Sapieha Józef Potocki Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski | (list of battles) | Victory Treaty of Nystad |
| 1702–1704 | Paliy Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski | | Victory |
| 1715–1716 | Tarnogród Confederation | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Szlachta part of the Confederation Russian Empire | | Battle of Radgoszcz [pl] Battle of Ryczywoł [pl] Second Battle of Sokal [pl] Battle of Leszno [pl] Battle of Kowalewo [pl] | Defeat |
| 1733– 1735 | War of the Polish Succession | Stanisław Leszczyński Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Duchy of Savoy | Augustus III of Poland Habsburg Monarchy Russian Empire Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Prussia | Stanisław I Leszczyński Augustus III of Poland Jan Tarło Adam Tarło | Siege of Danzig Battle of Wyszecin [pl] Battle of Miechów [pl] | Internal conflict Treaty of Vienna |
| 1734 | Haidamak Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian EmpireCrimean Tatars | Haidamaks | | | Polish–Russian victory |
| 1750 | Haidamak Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire | Haidamaks | | | Polish–Russian victory |
| 1764 | Civil war in the Commonwealth [pl] | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Hetmans Russian Empire | | | Internal conflict |
| 1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire | Haidamaks | Jan Klemens Branicki Mikhail Krechetnikov | | Polish–Russian victory |
| 1768–1772 | War of the Bar Confederation | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Russian Empire | Karol Radziwiłł Casimir Pulaski Michał Jan Pac Maurice Benyovszky | (list of battles) | Defeat |
| 1792 | Polish-Russian War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Russian EmpireTargowica Confederation | Józef Poniatowski Tadeusz Kościuszko Michał Wielhorski Józef Judycki Józef Bielak Szymon Zabiełło | (list of battles) | Defeat |
| 1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Russian Empire Prussia | Tadeusz Kościuszko Antoni Madaliński Jakub Jasiński Tomasz Wawrzecki Stanisław Mokronowski Józef Zajączek Józef Bielak Antoni Chlewiński Jan Henryk Dąbrowski Michał Wielhorski Józef Poniatowski Eustachy Sanguszko Romuald Giedroyć | (list of battles) | Defeat |

## Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1797 | Denisko uprising | Polish insurgents Ottoman Empire Great Britain France | Austrian Empire | Joachim Denisko Julian Sierawski | | Defeat |
| 1798– 1802 | War of the Second Coalition | France Polish Legions  Spain Denmark–Norway French client republics:  Batavian Republic  Helvetic Republic Cisalpine Republic Roman Republic (until 1799) Parthenopaean Republic (1799) | Second Coalition:  Holy Roman Empire Austria  Great Britain (until 1801)  United Kingdom (from 1801)  Russia (until 1799)  Ottoman Empire  Portugal  Kingdom of Naples Grand Duchy of Tuscany Order of Saint John (1798) Malta (1798–1800) French Royalists | | Battles during War of the Second Coalition involving Poland | Victory |
| 1803– 1806 | War of the Third Coalition | French Empire Polish Legions Kingdom of Etruria  Batavian Republic  Napoleonic Italy  Spain  Electorate of Bavaria Württemberg | Holy Roman Empire  Russian Empire  United Kingdom  Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily  Sweden French royalists | | Battles during the War of the Third Coalition involving Poland | Victory |
| 1806– 1807 | War of the Fourth Coalition | French Empire Polish Legions Confederation of the Rhine:  Bavaria  Württemberg Saxony  Napoleonic Italy  Kingdom of Naples Etruria Holland  Spain Swiss Confederation | Prussia  Russia  United Kingdom Saxony  Sweden Sicily | | Battles during the War of the Fourth Coalition involving Poland | Victory |
| 1808– 1814 | Peninsular War | French Empire Polish Legions | Spain  United Kingdom  Portugal | Józef Poniatowski Józef Chłopicki Jan Kozietulski Jan Konopka Franciszek Młokosiewicz | First Siege of Zaragoza Battle of Gamonal Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros Battle of Tudela Battle of Somosierra Second siege of Zaragoza Battle of Los Yébenes Battle of Ciudad Real Battle of Talavera Battle of Almonacid Battle of Ocaña Battle of Alcañiz Battle of Belchite Battle of Saguntum Battle of Fuengirola Battle of Baza Battle of Zújar Siege of Tarifa Battle of Albuera Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos | Defeat |
| 1809 | War of the Fifth Coalition | French Empire Duchy of Warsaw Confederation of the Rhine:  Bavaria Saxony  Württemberg  Westphalia  Napoleonic Italy Naples Switzerland Holland | Austrian Empire Hungary Tyrol (in rebellion against Bavaria)  United Kingdom  Spain Sicily  Sardinia Black Brunswickers | Józef Poniatowski Frederick Augustus I | Battle of Wagram | Victory |
| 1809 | Austro-Polish War | Duchy of Warsaw Kingdom of Saxony French Empire | Austrian Empire | Józef Poniatowski Berke Joselewicz Michał Sokolnicki Józef Zajączek | Battle of Raszyn Battle of Grochów [pl] Battle of Radzymin Battle of Ostrówek [pl] Skirmish at Kock Siege of Toruń [pl] Battle of Jedlińsk [pl] Battle of Zaleszczyki [pl] | Victory Treaty of Schönbrunn |
| 1812 | French Invasion of Russia | French Empire Duchy of Warsaw  Napoleonic Italy  Naples Confederation of the Rhine  Baden Bavaria Berg Saxony  Westphalia Napoleonic Spain Swiss Confederation | Russian Empire | Józef Poniatowski Aleksander Różniecki [pl] Józef Zajączek Franciszek Kossecki [pl] Jan Dąbrowski | Battle of Mir Battle of Smolensk Battle of Shevardino Battle of Borodino French occupation of Moscow Battle of Tarutino Battle of Vyazma Battle of Nowo Schwerschen Battle of Kaidanowo Battle of Krasnoi Battle of Borisov Battle of Berezina | Defeat |
| 1812– 1814 | War of the Sixth Coalition | First French Empire Duchy of Warsaw  Napoleonic Italy  Kingdom of Naples | Original Coalition  Russian Empire  Prussia  Austrian Empire United Kingdom  Sweden  Spain  Portugal  Two Sicilies  Kingdom of Sardinia After Battle of Leipzig Saxony  Bavaria  Württemberg  Netherlands | Józef Poniatowski Dezydery Chłapowski | German campaign of 1813 Battle of Lützen Battle of Bautzen Battle of Kulm Battle of Dennewitz Battle of Leipzig Battle of Sehested Battle of Montmirail Battle of Montereau Battle of Reims | Defeat |

## Poland under partitions (1815–1918)

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1830– 1831 | November Uprising | Kingdom of Poland | Russian Empire | Józef Chłopicki Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł Maciej Rybiński Emilia Plater | Battles during the November Uprising | Defeat |
| 1846 | Kraków Uprising | Poles [pl] | Austrian Empire  Russian Empire | Jan Tyssowski | Chochołowian uprising [pl] Battle of Gdów | Defeat Rabacja Galicyjska |
| 1848 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Prussia | Ludwik Mierosławski | Battle of Miłosław | Defeat |
| 1863– 1864 | January Uprising | Poles | Russian Empire | Romuald Traugutt | Battles during the January Uprising | Defeat |
| 1905– 1907 | Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1905 in Poland | Polish revolutionaries [pl] Russian revolutionaries | Russian Empire Polish conservatives | | Łódź insurrection Bloody Wednesday | Defeat |
| 1914– 1918 | World War I | German Empire Austria-Hungary Polish LegionsCentral Powers | Russian Empire Polish Armed Forces  British Empire French Third Republic Blue Army Allies | Józef Piłsudski Józef Haller Marian Januszajtis-Żegota Stanisław Szeptycki Mieczysław Ryś-Trojanowski | Battles of World War I involving Poland Battle of Krzywopłoty Battle of Łowczówek Charge of Rokitna Battle of Kostiuchnówka Battle of Krechowce Battle of Rarańcza Battle of Kaniów | Victory |

## Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)

In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1918– 1919 | Polish-Ukrainian War | Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Romania | West Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Józef Piłsudski Józef Haller | Battles during the Polish–Ukrainian War | Victory Treaty of Warsaw |
| 1918– 1919 | Soviet westward offensive | Second Polish Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Russian SFSR | Józef Piłsudski | | Victory |
| 1918– 1919 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Weimar Republic | | Battle of Ławica Battle of Rawicz | Victory |
| 1919 | Januszajtis putsch | Government–loyal army | ND | Józef Piłsudski Jędrzej Moraczewski | | Internal conflict Defeating the putschists |
| 1919 | Polish–Czechoslovak War | Second Polish Republic | Czechoslovakia | Franciszek Latinik | Battle of Skoczów | Indecisive |
| 1919 | First Silesian Uprising | Poles | Weimar Republic | Alfons Zgrzebniok | | Defeat |
| 1920 | Second Silesian Uprising | Poles | Weimar Republic | | | Victory |
| 1919– 1921 | Silesian Uprisings | Poles | Weimar Republic | Wojciech Korfanty | Battle of Annaberg | Ceasefire |
| 1919– 1921 | Polish-Soviet War | Second Polish Republic | Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom | Józef Piłsudski Tadeusz Rozwadowski | Battles of the Polish–Soviet War | Victory |
| 1919– 1920 | Polish-Lithuanian War | Second Polish Republic  Central Lithuania | Lithuania | Lucjan Żeligowski | Żeligowski's Mutiny Battles of the Polish–Lithuanian War | Victory |
| 1923 | 1923 Kraków riot | Second Polish Republic | Polish Socialist Party | | | Internal conflict Government crackdown on striking workers |
| 1926 | May Coup | Government–loyal army | Sanation–loyal army | Stanisław Wojciechowski Wincenty Witos | | Internal conflict Sanation takeover government |
| 1932 | Lesko uprising | Second Polish Republic | Peasants | | | Internal conflict |
| 1938 | Takeover of Zaolzie | Second Polish Republic | Czechoslovakia | | | Victory |

## Poland during World War II (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the entirety of Poland was occupied by Germany, which proceeded to advance its racial and genocidal policies across Poland.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1939 | World War II – September Campaign | Second Polish Republic | Nazi Germany Slovakia  Soviet Union | Edward Śmigły-Rydz Tadeusz Kutrzeba Wacław Stachiewicz Juliusz Rómmel Antoni Szylling Franciszek Kleeberg | Bombing of Wieluń Defence of Westerplatte Battle of Mokra Battle of Wizna Siege of Warsaw Battle of the Bzura Battle of Lwów Battle of Grodno Defense of Hel Peninsula Battle of Kock | Defeat Partition of Poland |
| 1939– 1945 | World War II – Polish resistance | Polish Underground State Armia Krajowa Armia Ludowa Bataliony Chłopskie Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Other Polish underground organisations | Nazi Germany General Government Slovakia Other axis powers | Henryk Dobrzański Stefan Rowecki Tadeusz Komorowski August Emil Fieldorf Franciszek Kamiński Marian Spychalski Michał Rola-Żymierski | fights of Hubal Unit Zamość uprising Akcja "Burza" Operation Ostra Brama Warsaw Uprising | Indecisive |
| 1939– 1945 | World War II – Western Front | Polish government-in-exile Allies:  UK  France Others | Nazi Germany  Italy Other axis powers | Władysław Sikorski Władysław Anders Stanisław Maczek Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko Jan Zumbach | Battle of the Atlantic Battle of Narvik French campaign Battle of Britain Siege of Tobruk Battle of Monte Cassino Falaise pocket Operation Market Garden Liberation of Breda [pl] Operation Pheasant Battle of Wilhelmshaven [pl] | Victory Potsdam Conference |
| 1943– 1945 | World War II – Eastern Front | Polish Republic  Soviet Union | Nazi Germany Slovakia Other axis powers | Zygmunt Berling Michał Rola-Żymierski Karol Świerczewski Władysław Korczyc Stanisław Popławski Antoni Siwicki [pl] | Battle of Lenino Battle of Studzianki Battles for the Warsaw Bridgeheads [pl] Liberation of Warsaw [pl] East Pomeranian offensive Battle of Kołobrzeg Breakthrough of Pomerenian Wall [pl] Battle of Rothenburg [pl] Battle of Budziszyn Battle of Berlin Prague offensive | Victory Potsdam Conference |

## Communist Poland (1945–1989)

The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1939– 1947 | Polish–Ukrainian conflict | Polish Underground State Polish People's Republic  Soviet Union | Ukrainian Insurgent Army  Nazi Germany | Karol Świerczewski Stefan Mossor | Defence of Huta Stara [pl] Defence of Huta Stepańska and Wyrka Attack on Hrubieszów Przebraże Defence Battles for Bircza Akcja „Wisła” Battle of Ulhówek and Rzeczyca | Victory |
| 1944–1953 | Anti-communist resistance in Poland | Polish People's Republic | Cursed soldiers | Bolesław Bierut Stanisław Radkiewicz Konstantin Rokossovsky | Battle of Surkonty Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów Battle of Kuryłówka Raid on Kielce Prison Augustów roundup Attack on Hrubieszów 1946 pacification of villages by PAS NZW | Internal conflict Defeat of the Cursed soldiers |
| 1945 | Racibórz Conflict | Polish People's Republic | Czechoslovakia | Michał Rola-Żymierski | | Indecisive |
| 1949–1955 | Operation Jungle | Soviet Union Polish People's Republic | United Kingdom West Germany Sweden Denmark United States | Bolesław Bierut | | Victory |
| 1968 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia | Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union People's Republic of Poland People's Republic of Hungary People's Republic of Bulgaria East Germany | Czechoslovakia | Władysław Gomułka Marian Spychalski Józef Cyrankiewicz Wojciech Jaruzelski | | Victory |

## Third Polish Republic (1989–present)

At the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
| 1990– 1991 | Gulf War | Coalition of the Gulf War: Poland United States of America France | Iraq | | | Victory |
| 1994–1995 | Operation Uphold Democracy | United States of AmericaHaitian Opposition Poland Argentina  CARICOM  Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas Barbados Belize Guyana Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago | Haiti | Sławomir Petelicki | Operation Maintain Democracy | Victory |
| 2001–2021 | War on Terror (Main phase) War in Afghanistan Iraq War Mali War | United States of America United Kingdom Polandothers | al-Qaeda Talibanothers | | Operation Black Eagle Operation Eagle's Feather Operation Achilles Operation Serval | Victory |
| 2003 | 2003 invasion of Iraq | United States of America United Kingdom Polandothers | Iraq | Aleksander Kwaśniewski | Battle of Umm Qasr Battle of Al Faw Battle of Basra Battle of Hillah | Victory |
| 2007 | War in Afghanistan (Polish intervention) Operation Achilles Operation Eagle's Feather | Poland Afghan National Army | Taliban | | | Victory |
| 2007 | Iraq War (Polish intervention) Operation Black Eagle | United States of America United Kingdom Poland Iraqi Security Forces | Mahdi Army | | | Indecisive |
| 2013–2014 | Operation Serval | France Mali PolandOthers | Islamic militants | Bronisław Komorowski | | Victory |