# Northumberland County, New Brunswick

Northumberland County is located in northeastern New Brunswick, Canada.

## Geography

Northumberland County is covered by thick forests, whose products stimulate the economy. The highest peaks in the province, including Mount Carleton lie in the northwestern corner of the county.
The county is dominated by the Miramichi River, world famous for its salmon fishing. The lower portion of the river is an estuary that widens into Miramichi Bay, a part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

## Services

The city of Miramichi is a local service centre for the county and surrounding regions with schools, hospitals and government offices and retail locations. The county has several saw mills in the city of Miramichi and up the Southwest Branch of the Miramichi River. There were formerly two large pulp and paper mills at Miramichi.
Chatham was also home to an air force base, CFB Chatham, until 1996. Renous-Quarryville, located along the Southwest Miramichi was also home to an army post - a federal maximum security penitentiary is now located on the site.

## Census subdivisions
### Communities

There are five municipalities within the county (listed by 2016 population):
| Official Name | Designation | Area km$^2$ | Population | Parish |
| Miramichi | City | 179.47 | 17,537 | Nelson Newcastle |
| Neguac | Village | 26.75 | 1,684 | Alnwick |
| Rogersville | Village | 7.20 | 1,166 | Rogersville |
| Blackville | Village | 21.13 | 958 | Blackville |
| Doaktown | Village | 29.07 | 792 | Blissfield |

### First Nations

There are five First Nations reserves in Northumberland County (listed by 2011 population):
| Official name | Designation | Area km$^2$ | Population | Parish |
| Esgenoôpetitj 14 | Reserve | 9.54 | 1,046 | Alnwick |
| Eel Ground 2 | Reserve | 10.90 | 448 | Northesk |
| Red Bank 4 | Reserve | 16.18 | 352 | Southesk |
| Big Hole Tract 8 (South) | Reserve | 27.82 | 34 | Northesk |
| Tabusintac 9 | Reserve | 22.00 | 10 | Alnwick |
Three communities in the county are part of the Miꞌkmaq Nation: Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq Nation, at the junction of the Northwest Miramichi River and the Little Southwest Miramichi River; Eel Ground First Nation, close to the junction of the Northwest and Southwest Miramichi Rivers near Newcastle; and Burnt Church First Nation on the northern shore of Miramichi Bay.

### Parishes

The county is subdivided into thirteen parishes (listed by 2016 population):
| Official Name | Area km$^2$ | Population | Municipalities | Unincorporated communities |
| Alnwick | 669.09 | 3,640 | Neguac (village) Esgenoôpetitj 14 (reserve) Tabusintac 9 (reserve) | Barryville / Oak Point-Bartibog Bridge / Bayshore / Blacklands / Brantville / Breau Road / Burnt Church / Cains Point / Christies Landing / Covedell / Drisdelle Settlement / Fairisle / Gaythorne / Lagacéville / Lauvergot / Lavillette / Lower Bartibogue / Old Dans Landing / Pontgravé / Price Settlement / Rivière-des-Caches / Rivière-du-Portage / Robichaud Settlement / Saint-Wilfred / Sheldrake Island / Stymiest Road / Tabusintac / The Willows / Village-Saint-Laurent / Winston / Wishart Point |
| Northesk | 3,355.15 | 2,263 | Eel Ground 2 (reservation) Big Hole Tract 8 (reservation) | Bear House / Big Hole / Boom Road / Chaplin Island Road / Curtis Settlement / Curventon / Eel Ground / Exmoor / Heath Steele / Indian Falls Depot / Lumsden Road / Maple Glen / Mathias Landing / North Esk Boom / Popple Depot / Redstone Rapids / Sevogle / Strathadam / Sunny Corner / Trout Brook / Wayerton / Whitney |
| Hardwicke | 278.60 | 2,201 | | Auburnville / Baie-Sainte-Anne / Bay du Vin / Bay du Vin Beach / Eel River Bridge / Escuminac / Fox Island / Gregan / Hardwicke / Hardwood Settlement / Hortons Creek / Manuels / Point Gardiner / Vin Island |
| Blackville | 824.02 | 2,028 | Blackville (village) | Barnett / Barnettville / Hardscramble / Keenan Siding / Lockstead / Smith Crossing / Shinnickburn |
| Southesk | 2,467.02 | 1,694 | Red Bank 4 (reservation) | Cassilis / Dennis / Garden Road / Halcomb / Harris Brook Settlement / Loggie Lodge / Lyttleton / Maple Hill / Matthews / Pratts Camp / Ramsay Lodge / Red Bank / Red Rock / Sillikers / South Esk / Warwick Settlement / Williamstown |
| Glenelg | 505.21 | 1,560 | | Bay du Vin Mills / Black River Bridge / Centre Napan / Fowlies Mill / Glenwood / Little Branch / Lower Napan / McKenzie Settlement / Napan Bay / Point aux Carr / Redmondville / St. Margarets / Victoria / Wine River |
| Ludlow | 1,016.66 | 1,543 (note) | | Carrolls Crossing / Ludlow / McNamee / Porter Cove / Priceville |
| Newcastle | 578.92 | 1,136 | Miramichi (city) | Bartibog / Beaver Brook Station / Bellefond / Beveridge / Busby / East Beaver Brook / Elizabethton / Highbank / Little Bartibog / Lower Newcastle-Russellville / McEwan Dam / Morrissy / Patterson Siding / Patterson Station / Telly Road Crossing |
| Rogersville | 326.33 | 1,102 | Rogersville (village) | Collette / East Collette / Lakeland / Marcelville / Murray Settlement / North Rogersville / Pleasant Ridge / Regneautville / Rosaireville / Sapin-Court / Shediac Ridge / St. Bernard / Vienneau / West Collette / Young Ridge |
| Derby | 61.01 | 976 | | Bryenton / Davidson, New Brunswick / Derby / Derby Junction / Elmtree / Lower Derby / Manderville / Millerton / Northwest Bridge / Parker Road / Renous-Quarryville / South Nelson Road / Upper Derby |
| Nelson | 354.57 | 957 | Miramichi (city) | Barnaby River / Chelmsford / Doyles Brook / Hughes / Kirkwood / Lower Barnaby / McKinleyville / Passmore / Semiwagan Ridge / Upper Barnaby |
| Chatham | 22.70 | 511 | | Lower Napan / Middle Island / Savoy Beach / Snyders Beach / Upper Napan |
| Blissfield | 1,240.54 | 450 | Doaktown (village) | Amostown / O'Donnelltown / Storeytown |
* note: Statistics Canada did not report data for Ludlow Parish in the 2016 Census. Data shown is from 2011 Census.

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Northumberland County had a population of 45,005 living in 19,945 of its 21,940 total private dwellings, a change of 0.1% from its 2016 population of 44,952. With a land area of 12,843.39 km$^2$ (4,958.86 sq mi), it had a population density of 3.5/km$^2$ (9.1/sq mi) in 2021.

### Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Northumberland County, New Brunswick :
| Census | Total | English | English | English | French | French | French | English & French | English & French | English & French | Non-official languages | Non-official languages | Non-official languages |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2016 | 44,425 | 33,095 | 1.9% | 74.49% | 9,705 | 20.2% | 21.85% | 420 | 3.7% | 0.95% | 1,055 | 5.4% | 2.38% |
| 2011 | 47,425 | 33,750 | 0.7% | 71.16% | 12,155 | 4.1% | 25.63% | 405 | 80.0% | 0.85% | 1,115 | 26.4% | 2.35% |
| 2006 | 48,185 | 33,775 | 3.7% | 70.09% | 12,670 | 6.4% | 26.29% | 225 | 40.8% | 0.47% | 1,515 | 31.7% | 3.14% |
| 2001 | 50,155 | 35,090 | 3.7% | 69.96% | 13,535 | 2.1% | 26.99% | 380 | 2.7% | 0.76% | 1,150 | 48.4% | 2.29% |
| 1996 | 51,390 | 36,420 | n/a | 70.87% | 13,825 | n/a | 26.90% | 370 | n/a | 0.72% | 775 | n/a | 1.51% |

## Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the county, including external routes that start or finish at the county limits: