# Jackson, Kentucky

Jackson is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Breathitt County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 2,231 according to the 2010 U.S. census.
It was the home of the Jackson Academy, which became Lees College.

## History

Upon the creation of Breathitt County in 1839, local landowner Simon Cockrell Sr. donated 10 acres (4.0 ha) to serve as its seat of government. The community was originally known as Breathitt, Breathitt Town, or Breathitt Court House after the county, but upon its incorporation as a city by the state legislature in 1843, it was renamed Jackson to honor former president Andrew Jackson.
Local feuds led the national press to publish stories about Jackson and "Bloody Breathitt": state troops were dispatched twice in the 1870s and again in 1903 – after the assassination of U.S. Commissioner James B. Marcum on the courthouse steps – to restore order.
The Kentucky Union Railroad reached the city in 1891, and Jackson boomed until the L&N continued the line on to Hazard in 1912. A fire on Halloween, 1913, burned down much of the town.

## Geography

Jackson is located at 37°33′11″N 83°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿37.55306°N 83.38833°W﻿ / 37.55306; -83.38833 (37.553012, −83.388249). The city is nestled in the heart of the Cumberland Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains, with the downtown located on the north bank of the North Fork of the Kentucky River. To limit flooding, the Kentucky River was redirected in 1963 by way of a small cut-through through the mountain, and its former channel, a river meander, was left behind as Panbowl Lake, now a prime attraction for fishermen.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Jackson has a total area of 2.7 square miles (6.9 km$^2$), of which 2.5 square miles (6.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km$^2$), or 6.11%, is water.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by relatively moderate temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen climate classification places the city in the humid subtropical zone, which is abbreviated as Cfa. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 34.9 °F (1.6 °C) in January to 75.4 °F (24.1 °C) in July. On average, there are 17 days where temperatures remain at or below freezing and 15 days with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C) per year. In addition, although the area falls under USDA hardiness zone 6b, the record longest streak without 0 °F (−18 °C) lows occurred from February 6, 1996, to January 15, 2009 (12 years, 344 days). The highest recorded temperature was 104 °F (40 °C) on June 29, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature was −18 °F (−28 °C) on January 19, 1994, and January 20 and 21, 1985.
Precipitation averages 48.3 inches (1,230 mm) annually, falling on an average 144 days, and the wettest month by normal rainfall is May. Normal winter snowfall is 23.5 inches (60 cm), though, as is typical in areas in the humid subtropical zone, snow cover does not remain for long, as there is an average of only 18 days with at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow cover.
Climate data for Jackson, Kentucky (Julian Carroll Airport, 1,381 ft or 421 m AMSL, 37°35′29″N 83°18′52″W﻿ / ﻿37.59139°N 83.31444°W﻿ / 37.59139; -83.31444), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 78 (26) | 80 (27) | 87 (31) | 92 (33) | 91 (33) | 104 (40) | 101 (38) | 101 (38) | 98 (37) | 97 (36) | 84 (29) | 79 (26) | 104 (40) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 44.2 (6.8) | 48.8 (9.3) | 58.0 (14.4) | 69.2 (20.7) | 75.7 (24.3) | 82.2 (27.9) | 85.0 (29.4) | 84.4 (29.1) | 79.0 (26.1) | 68.8 (20.4) | 57.4 (14.1) | 47.6 (8.7) | 66.7 (19.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 35.8 (2.1) | 39.7 (4.3) | 47.8 (8.8) | 58.2 (14.6) | 65.6 (18.7) | 72.6 (22.6) | 75.7 (24.3) | 74.9 (23.8) | 69.1 (20.6) | 58.7 (14.8) | 48.1 (8.9) | 39.7 (4.3) | 57.2 (14.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.4 (−2.6) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 37.6 (3.1) | 47.3 (8.5) | 55.6 (13.1) | 62.9 (17.2) | 66.5 (19.2) | 65.3 (18.5) | 59.1 (15.1) | 48.5 (9.2) | 38.8 (3.8) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 47.6 (8.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −18 (−28) | −8 (−22) | 7 (−14) | 20 (−7) | 30 (−1) | 44 (7) | 52 (11) | 45 (7) | 34 (1) | 26 (−3) | 13 (−11) | −13 (−25) | −18 (−28) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.96 (101) | 4.06 (103) | 4.71 (120) | 4.54 (115) | 5.17 (131) | 5.25 (133) | 5.10 (130) | 4.26 (108) | 3.42 (87) | 3.45 (88) | 3.50 (89) | 4.47 (114) | 51.89 (1,318) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.4 (19) | 6.7 (17) | 4.0 (10) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.7 (1.8) | 4.1 (10) | 23.4 (59) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.4 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 10.5 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 13.9 | 148.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.3 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 21.6 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As of 2020, Jackson, KY had a population of 2.2k people with a median age of 42 and a median household income of $32,644. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Jackson, KY grew from 2,106 to 2,201, a 4.51% increase and its median household income grew from $30,898 to $32,644, a 5.65% increase.
The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jackson, KY are White (Non-Hispanic) (98.9%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (1.04%), White (Hispanic) (0.0454%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (0%), and Black or African American (Hispanic) (0%).

## Transportation
### Kentucky Routes within the city

* KY 15 The highway goes north to Campton and the Mountain Parkway and south to Hazard and the Hal Rogers Parkway. It is the main artery into the city and, currently, it is being relocated and changed to four lanes around and inside the city. It has been locally named (within the county) as the Breathitt County Veterans Highway.
* KY 30 The highway goes east to Salyersville and west to Booneville. It merges with KY 15 (at the present time) throughout most of the city. The west end is known, locally, as Booneville Road.
* KY 52 The highway's eastern terminus starts in the city of Jackson at the intersection with KY 30 and heads west towards Beattyville. It is locally known as Beattyville Road.
* KY 205 The highway goes north to the Mountain Parkway by way of Lee City in Wolfe County and eventually to West Liberty in Morgan County. The highway's southern terminus starts at the intersection of KY 15. Recently, an old section of KY 15 was annexed to the highway, and it is possible, once more of the re-routed KY 15 is finished, that it could annex more of the old KY 15 sections.
* KY 1812 -Not a Primary State Highway – The highway goes north to Campton and south to intersect and end near the KY 15 and KY 30 junction in Jackson. In the north, it connects with KY 205 and follows it until it intersects with the new section of KY 15; it follows KY 15 for a mile and then splits only to intersects KY 15 in Jackson once more; it then breaks away only to connect (partially) with Main Street and then heads south. It is part of what was once the original KY 15 when it was built in 1925. It can be a winding and curvy road in many places with a few hairpin turns as well. It is known locally by different names depending on which road it intersects or what section. i.e. Old Quicksand Rd., Broadway, College Ave, Brown St., Main Street, Washington Ave., Panbowl Rd., and so on.

### Airports

* Julian Carroll Airport – (JKL for FAA, none for IATA) – A publicly owned airport off KY 30. It is home to the National Weather Service Forecast Office that oversees most of the eastern part of the state.

### Railroads

* CSX is a freight and minerals only line that goes north to Beattyville and eventually to Winchester and south to Hazard. Before CSX owned the line, it was part of the L& N Railway as a passenger and freight line. Before that, it was owned by the defunct Lexington and Eastern Railway Company as a passenger and freight line. The old Jackson Depot and Freight Station located in the South Jackson section on Armory Drive was torn down in the late 1980s.

## Education
### K-12 education

Much of the city is in the Jackson Independent Schools school district, which operates Jackson City School, an elementary, middle and high school combined.
The remainder of the city is in the Breathitt County School District. Schools relevant to the city include:
* Breathitt Elementary School
* Eugene Sebastian Elementary School
* Breathitt County High School – Located in Jackson
Former schools:
* Lyndon B. Johnson Elementary (LBJ) – Closed after the 2018 school year. Later demolished in November 2020 to make way for Breathitt Elementary School
* Eugene Sebastian Middle School – Closed after the '17-18 school year all students relocated to the High School.- located in Jackson
There is a private school, Oakdale Christian Academy.
There is a vocational school called Breathitt County Area Technology Center – On the campus of Breathitt County High School; the vocational school serves both Breathitt County Schools and Jackson Independent Schools.

### Post-secondary

* Hazard Community and Technical College, Lees College Campus
* Morehead State University at Jackson – Breathitt County Skills Center
* Kentucky Mountain Bible College – located in Vancleve

### Educational Centers

* Breathitt County Museum – currently located in the Senior Citizens Center on the second floor. Through the use of grant money the defunct Breathitt County Jail has been partially renovated to host the museum, but is yet to be completed.
* Breathitt County Public Library – located on College Avenue in Jackson.

## Festivals

The city of Jackson and Breathitt County are host to many local festivals.
In Jackson:
* Breathitt County Honey Festival – takes place annually (since 1978) during the Labor Day Weekend. It begins on the Thursday before Labor Day and runs through Labor Day.
* Breathitt County Heritage Festival – A recently formed (2005) festival that originally occurred annually on the first weekend of October, and now takes place in conjunction with the July 4th celebration with "Pig Out in the Park."
* Pig Out in the Park/Independence Day Celebration – Held at Douthitt Park; July 4 celebration
* Downtown Christmas – Parade and festivities held around the first weekend of December.
Other festivals that occur outside the city but in Breathitt County:
* Morris Fork Crafts Fair, one of the oldest fairs in the area
* The Crockettsville Charity Concert and Ride, hosted by the band Halfway to Hazard (Unfortunately, this event has not occurred the last couple years and the hosts announced in 2016 they will secure a new venue for this concert and trail ride in the future.)

## Notable people

* Jay Huguely, television producer of Magnum PI
* Daniel Noble, Medal of Honor recipient for his service during the American Civil War
* Jeffrey Reddick, screenwriter of Final Destination
* Marea Stamper, DJ, producer, and musician under the stage name the Blessed Madonna
* Willie Sandlin, Medal of Honor recipient for his service during World War I
* Sturgill Simpson, country singer
* Chad Warrix, country singer of Halfway to Hazard
* The family of JD Vance, current vice president of the United States, and author of Hillbilly Elegy, was from Jackson, "the spiritual mountain home of the Vances." Vance also spent summers there growing up.