OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Execution of the Gloeden family

Elisabeth "Lilo" Charlotte Gloeden (1903–1944) and her husband Erich Gloeden (1888–1944), though not involved in the failed 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, sheltered General Fritz Lindemann, one of the plotters. They were eventually betrayed to the Gestapo, tried and, along with her mother Elisabeth Kuznitzky (1878–1944), executed by guillotine on 30 November 1944; their fate was publicized as a warning.

## Biography

"Lilo" Gloeden (born Elisabeth Kuznitsky) was a lawyer who married architect Erich Gloeden.
Erich was the son of Siegfried Loevy (died 1936), a Jew who had married a Christian. Brothers Siegfried and Albert Loevy established a successful and important bronze foundry, SA Loevy, and became purveyors to the royal court in 1910. Erich and his sister Ursula (1897–1972) were adopted by family friend and high school teacher Bernhard Gloeden in 1918, with the consent of their parents, simply to mask their Jewish background with a non-Jewish surname, and Erich was baptized.
After the start of World War II, Erich Gloeden worked for the Organisation Todt as an architect. Living in Berlin, the Gloedens secretly opposed the Nazi movement and provided temporary accommodation to Jewish people fleeing persecution.
In July 1944, the Gloedens became aware of a plot against Hitler, and five days after the failed assassination attempt, took in General Fritz Lindemann, who was hiding from the manhunt for the plotters. They passed him off as a retired major and journalist named Exner. On 3 September, the Gestapo raided the Gloedens' home, capturing Lindemann and taking Lilo, Erich and Lilo's mother, Elisabeth, into custody. Lindemann was shot in the stomach and leg during the raid, dying of his wounds on 22 September.
On 27 November, the Gloedens and Elisabeth Kuznitsky were brought before the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) in a widely publicized trial for treason. Erich Gloeden claimed the others had not known who Lindemann was. He was sentenced to death, while the women received long prison sentences. However, his wife stated she had known Lindemann's identity. Her mother then made the same admission. As a result, all three were put to death by beheading three days later on 30 November at Plötzensee Prison.

## Legacy

Lilo and Erich Gloeden, and Elisabeth Kuznitzky, are memorialized by three bronze plaques, stolpersteine, installed outside the location of their apartment. President of the Bundestag Norbert Lammert has noted that the national history of each country is the sum of the many, personal stories of people who usually remain unobserved or quickly forgotten like those of the Gloedens, whose story is an example of how in Germany a few generations ago people were excluded from the nation whose self-evident members they were.
# James H. Alston

James H. Alston was an American state legislator in Alabama. He served in the legislature in 1868 and from 1869 to 1879. In 1868 he was elected from Macon County to the Alabama House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Alston was born into slavery in Alabama. While a slave, he learned how to read and write and trained as a shoemaker. During the American Civil War, a group of Confederate soldiers with the Tuskegee Light Infantry Company raised $1,800 (equivalent to $56,694 in 2024) to purchase him to act as their drummer. Alston was later joined by another drummer and stayed with the company until he was freed by the conclusion of the war. In 1867 he organized the Union League in Tuskegee and recruited 400 other freedmen and their supporters to join. While working there, he and other freedmen threatened with death by members of the Ku Klux Klan if they did not give up their land, resulting in many freedmen leaving the area.
Alston was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives as the representative from Macon County in 1868. Tuskegee Democratic party officials felt so threatened by his election that they offered him $3,000 (equivalent to $70,868 in 2024) to not seek reelection, an offer Alston refused.
On June 4, 1870, after a contentious meeting of the Macon County Republican Party, Alston and his wife were shot at while inside their home. While both survived, Alston was shot in both the hip and shoulder and his pregnant wife was hit in the foot. A later examination of his property determined that at least fourteen shots had been fired and that if Alston had not been lying in bed he would have been killed. Several of Alston's political opponents had made threatening statements towards him at the party meeting earlier in the day. Several of his opponents were arrested for the shooting and Alston left Tuskegee soon after. Later, testifying before an investigative committee, Alton said that he was actually shot by white members of the Macon County Democratic Party, naming Cullen A. Battle as one of the shooters.
In 1871 Alston served as a delegate to the meeting of the Colored National Labor Union's Alabama convention.
In 2011, Alston was named on a historical marker in Montgomery, Alabama along with other African American legislators who served during the Reconstruction era.
# Lovedean

Lovedean is a village in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 1.4 miles (2.2 km) west of Horndean.
The nearest railway station is Rowlands Castle, 2.8 miles (4.6 km) southeast of the village. Although this is the nearest it is not readily accessible by public transport, for public transport the best is Cosham
The village of Lovedean is situated around the main road Lovedean Lane, situated at the bottom of the valley after which it is named. Dean is from the old English word Denu, meaning valley. [The name Lovedean derives from a marriage in 1594 when Isabel Norton married Thomas Loveden [sic], and included in the dowry was part of the Manor of Catherington plus an area known as the Manor of Lovedean]
Lovedean Village Hall is well used, there were two pubs, The Green Dragon which closed December 2011, and became a Tesco Express March 2012, and The Bird in Hand The Bird in Hand is owned by the same company that runs the Hurdles, a similar pub in Droxford as well as a few shops. The FA Cup trophy was hidden at The Bird in Hand during the Second World War, having been won by Portsmouth a few months before the outbreak of the war in 1939. Lovedean is home to Woodcroft Primary School and has a sizeable 400 kV electrical substation.
Lovedean is described as a "manor of Catherington" on the British History Online website here
# Norway, Indiana

Norway is a census-designated place (CDP) in Union Township, White County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 386 at the 2010 census.

## History

Norway was originally called Mt. Walleston, and under the latter name was laid out in 1845. A large share of the early settlers being natives of Norway caused the present name to be selected. A post office was established at Norway in 1898, but was soon discontinued, in 1899.

## Geography

Norway is located at 40°46′55″N 86°46′4″W﻿ / ﻿40.78194°N 86.76778°W﻿ / 40.78194; -86.76778 (40.781877, -86.767850).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$), of which 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (6.32%) is water.
Norway is on Tippecanoe River just below the Norway Dam. The dam holds Lake Shafer, the home of Indiana Beach, an amusement park and campground. Norway's Southern boundary is also the Northern boundary of Monticello, the more populated county seat and just west of Norway there is the golf course and hotel resort, Pine View.
Despite the small area and population, the central location of Norway and the convenience of the Norway Bridge river crossing (connecting the more populated West Shafer and East Shafer Drives) have allowed for the continued presence and success of several restaurants and other small businesses.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 437 people, 169 households, and 126 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 491.4 inhabitants per square mile (189.7/km$^2$). There were 208 housing units at an average density of 233.9 per square mile (90.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.40% White, 0.23% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.75% of the population.
There were 169 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,214, and the median income for a family was $25,486. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $16,154 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,681. About 15.6% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.2% of those under age 18 and 47.6% of those age 65 or over.
# 1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 1st Tank Division (戦車第1師団, Sensha Dai-ichi Shidan), was one of four armored divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.

## History

The 1st Tank Brigade was created out of four separate armored regiments based in Manchukuo on June 24, 1942. With the addition of one infantry regiment, it was soon raised to the status of a full armored division. Stationed in Ning'an in northern Manchukuo, it was tasked primarily with border patrol of Manchukuo's eastern frontier with the Soviet Union under the overall command of the Japanese First Area Army.
As the situation in the Pacific War against the Allies deteriorated for Japan, in March 1944, the IJA 9th Armored Regiment of the 1st Tank Division was reassigned to the IJA 31st Army, and sent to Saipan, where it was annihilated at the subsequent Battle of Saipan and Battle of Guam. The remaining three regiments participated in Operation Ichi-Go in mainland China. The IJA 3rd Armored Regiment of the 1st Tank Division was reassigned to China and attached to the 11th Army until the end of the war.
In March 1945, the 1st Tank Division with its 5th Armored Regiment was reassigned to the Japanese home islands in preparation for the expected invasion by Allied forces. It gained the IJA 1st Armored Regiment from the 3rd Tank Division, and formed part of the IJA 36th Army under the Japanese Twelfth Area Army. The headquarters unit and IJA 1st Armored Regiment were based in Sano, Tochigi, with the IJA 5th Armored Regiment stationed at Ōtawara, Tochigi (and later relocated to Kazo, Saitama, and the IJA 1st Mechanized Infantry Regiment and the Division’s mechanized artillery stationed at Tochigi. Anticipating that Allied forces would land at Kujūkuri Beach, the 1st Tank Division was to hold a defensive line stretching from Mount Tsukuba to the Tama River, with forward units deployed to Choshi, Chiba. The surrender of Japan came before the landing, and the 1st Armored Division did not see any combat on Japanese soil.
The 1st Tank Division was demobilized in September 1945 with the rest of the Imperial Japanese Army.

## Commanding officer

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Lieutenant General Toshimoto Hoshino | 1 September 1942 | 15 June 1945 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Nobuo Hosomi | 15 June 1945 | 30 September 1945 |

## Structure (1945)

The 1st Tank Division, after being relocated to Japan in 1945, consisted of a division headquarters, two tank regiments (roughly battalion-sized), one motorized infantry regiment, one motorized artillery regiment, one anti-tank battalion, one motor transport battalion, one maintenance battalion, and one engineer battalion.
* Division Headquarters
* 1st Tank Regiment
* 5th Tank Regiment
* 1st Motorized Infantry Regiment
* 1st Motorized Artillery Regiment
* Anti-Tank Battalion
* Motor Transport Battalion
* Maintenance Battalion
* Engineer Battalion
# George Witte

George Merrill Witte is an American poet and book editor from Madison, New Jersey. He is editor-in-chief of St. Martin's Press, and the author of An Abundance of Caution, Does She Have a Name?, Deniability: Poems and The Apparitioners: Poems.

## Career

Witte is the author of four books of poetry: An Abundance of Caution, Does She Have a Name?, Deniability, and The Apparitioners. His poems have been published in The Atlantic, The Antioch Review, Boulevard, Gettysburg Review, The Hopkins Review, The Kenyon Review, Ploughshares, Poetry, Prairie Schooner, New York Quarterly, Southwest Review, Virginia Quarterly Review, and The Yale Review.
Witte has also worked in book publishing at St. Martin's Press for 38 years, as an editor, publisher of Picador USA, and now editor-in-chief. A graduate of Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he lives in Ridgewood, New Jersey.

## Awards

Witte received Poetry's Frederick Bock Prize for a group of poems, a poetry fellowship from the New Jersey Council on the Arts and New Jersey Department of State, and his poem "At Dusk, the Catbird" was selected for The Best American Poetry 2007 anthology.

## Works

* An Abundance of Caution, Unbound Edition Press, 2023
* Does She Have a Name? NYQ Books, 2014
* Deniability: Poems. Orchises Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-932535-19-8.
* The Apparitioners: Poems. Three Rail Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-9760470-1-8.

### Anthologies

* The Best American Poetry 2007
* Vocabula Bound 2
* Old Flame: From the First 10 Years of 32 Poems
* Rabbit Ears: TV Poems, ed. Joel Allegretti (NYQ Books, 2015)
* The Doll Collection, ed. Diane Lockward (Terrapin Books, 2016)
* Meta-Land: Poets of the Palisades II, ed. Paul Nash and Denise La Neve (The Poet's Press, 2016)
* What Editors Do: The Art, Craft, and Business of Book Editing, ed. Peter Ginna (University of Chicago Press, 2017)
# Sunred Engineering

Sunred (short for Sun Race Engineering Development S.L.) is a Spanish-based auto racing team and constructor. They are best known for competing in the World Touring Car Championship.

## Racing History

While in the past Sunred had participated in GT races with the SEAT Cupra GT, in the WTCC they made their debut with another SEAT car at the start of the 2008 season, running Tom Coronel in a SEAT León TFSI for the full season. They also ran an additional car for the highest points-scorer in the WTCC-supporting SEAT León Eurocup at the previous weekend. One of these drivers in 2008 was Tom Boardman, who in 2009 Sunred signed to drive full-time alongside Coronel in their WTCC team.
In 2010, they ran the SEAT factory supported SR-Sport team, with ex-SEAT drivers Gabriele Tarquini, Tiago Monteiro and Jordi Gené driving León TDIs alongside Coronel. They also ran two TDIs under the Sunred banner for rookies Michel Nykjær and Fredy Barth.
In 2012, Sunred was announced to field Ford GTs in the FIA GT1 World Championship.
They also run cars in the SEAT León Eurocup and Spanish equivalent, the León Supercopa.
Sunred also build and run the SunRed SR21 in the International GT Open and Spanish GT Championship.

## Gallery

* G. Vivancos and J. Vinyes in a SEAT Cupra GT in the Spanish GT Championship 2006.
* Tom Coronel and Augusto Farfus at the 2008 WTCC Race of Japan.
* Tom Coronel driving for Sunred at the 2009 WTCC Race of Morocco.
* Tom Coronel at the 2009 WTCC Race of Japan.
* Gabriele Tarquini at the 2011 WTCC Race of Japan.
# Saba Battery Club

Saba Battery Club (also Saba Battery Physical and Cultural Gym) is an Iranian sports club based in Tehran, Iran. The club was founded in 2002 .

## Teams

* Saba Battery Football Club, competing in the Iran Pro League
# Severance (album)

Severance is the debut album by Australian melodic death metal band Daysend. It was released by Chatterbox Records in Australia on 3 November 2003 and in the United States by Metal Blade and Europe by Locomotive Records in November 2004. The song "Beggars With Knives" was included on the Faultline Records compilation album Metal for the Brain 2005 in 2005. Severance took ten days to record and was produced by DW Norton and Nik Tropiano.

## Track listing

* "Born is the Enemy" − 5:21
* "Ignorance of Bliss" − 4:29
* "Blood of Angels" − 3:54
* "Countdown" − 5:20
* "Prism of You" − 3:40
* "End of Days" − 4:09
* "Severance Day" − 3:41
* "Sellout" − 4:33
* "September" − 4:09
* "Beggars With Knives" − 3:04
* "Sibling" − 7:00

## Personnel

* Simon Calabrese - Vocals
* Meredith Webster - Bass
* Aaron Bilbija - Lead Guitar
* Wayne Morris - Drums
* Michael Kordek - Rhythm Guitar
# Banchi Hanuse

Banchi Hanuse is a Nuxalk filmmaker.

## Early life and education

Hanuse holds a Bachelor of Arts in First Nations Studies from the University of British Columbia. She currently resides in Bella Coola.
Hanuse has worked at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) as a production assistant and project coordinator. Her most well known projects at the NFB include the Finding Dawn, directed by Christine Welsh and Our World, a digital storytelling workshop for remote Indigenous communities.
Haunse also helped found Nuxalk Radio, a radio station based out of the Nuxalk village of Q'umk'uts' (Bella Coola).

## Filmography

* Cry Rock - 2010
* Uulx: The Scratcher - 2015
* Nuxalk Radio - 2020
* Behind the Facade - 2021
* Aitamaako'tamisskapi Natosi: Before the Sun - 2023

### Awards and nominations

* Nominated, Best Documentary Short, American Indian Film Festival (2010)
* Best Documentary Short, Vancouver Women in Film Festival (2010)
* Best Documentary Short Subject for Cry Rock, Yorkton Film Festival's Golden Sheaf Award (2011)
* Best Documentary Short for Cry Rock, Vancouver Women in Film Festival (2011)
* Sea to Sky Award for Nuxalk Radio, 2022 Vancouver International Film Festival
* Big Sky Award for Aitamaako'tamisskapi Natosi: Before the Sun, 2023 Big Sky Documentary Film Festival
# Propyl benzoate

Propyl benzoate is an organic chemical compound used as a food additive. It is an ester.

## Uses

Propyl benzoate has a nutty odor and sweet fruity or nut-like taste, and as such, it is used as a synthetic flavoring agent in foods. It also has antimicrobial properties and is used as a preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in the sweet cherry and in clove stems, as well as in butter.

## Reactions

Propyl benzoate can be synthesized by the transesterification of methyl benzoate with propanol. Propyl benzoate can also be synthesized by means of Fischer esterification of benzoic acid with propanol.
# George Ballingall

Sir George Ballingall FRSE FRCPE FRCSE FSAScot (2 May 1780 – 4 December 1855) was a Scottish physician and surgeon. He was regius professor of military surgery at the University of Edinburgh.

## Life

Ballingall was son of the Reverend Robert Ballingall, minister of Forglen, Banffshire, where he was born. He studied at the University of St Andrews, going on to the University of Edinburgh where he passed his MD in 1803. While at the university, he was an assistant to John Barclay, lecturer on anatomy.
He was appointed assistant-surgeon of the 2nd battalion 1st Royals in 1806, with which he served some years in India; in November 1815 he became surgeon of the 33rd foot, and retired on half-pay in 1818.
In 1823 he was chosen, in preference to David Maclagan, as lecturer on Military Surgery at the University of Edinburgh, which then, and for some years afterwards, was the only place in the United Kingdom where special instruction was given in a department of surgical science, the importance of which had too plainly been demonstrated during the long war just ended. In 1821 he was elected to the Aesculapian Club. In 1821 Ballingall was also elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh and served as President in 1824 and 1830.
In 1825 Ballingall succeeded to the Chair of military surgery, the duties of which he discharged with untiring zeal for 30 years until his death.
He was knighted in 1830 on the occasion of the accession of King William IV.
In 1832-3 his address is recorded as 13 Heriot Row in Edinburgh.
In 1836 he was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh.
In 1840 he was living at 13 Heriot Row in Edinburgh's Second New Town.
He died at his estate at Blairgowrie on 4 December 1855.

## Publications

Ballingall, who was a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and corresponding member of the French Institute, was author of various professional works, the most important being:
* Observations on the Diseases of European Troops in India
* Observations on the Site and Construction of Hospitals
* Outlines of Military Surgery
The last, which is still regarded as an instructive work, went through five editions, the fifth appearing at the time of the Russian war, shortly before the Ballingall's death.
# Carlos González Márquez

Carlos Rubén González Márquez (11 June 1930–25 September 2015) is a Chilean politician who served as a senator.
# Ajnuj

Ajnuj is a village that is situated west of the taluka city of Khandala in the Satara district of Maharashtra, India, on the Khandala-Bhor Road. The MSRTC Depot of Khandala is in Ajnuj.
Farming is main occupation. Few industrial plants available.
Janubai is village deity. Mahadev mandir located on top of hill just next to village is most scenic place in Ajnuj. Mesmerizing views of surrounding areas can be experienced from here.
Western ghats are located On south and west side of village.this village is rich in flaura and fauna.
# Khawaja Muhammad Taqi

Khawaja Muhammad Taqi (born 1918) was a Pakistani field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. After retiring as a player, he became the national hockey coach, coaching the Pakistan Olympic field hockey team in the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, winning the country's first Olympic gold medal. He also coached the Indonesian hockey team for the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo, which was the only team to score a goal against the Pakistan team, the eventual gold medal winners.
# Kyle Ross

Kyle Ross (born May 12, 1983) was a professional box lacrosse player for the Washington Stealth, Toronto Rock, Boston Blazers and Minnesota Swarm in the National Lacrosse League. Ross was drafted 44th overall in the 2004 NLL draft. He stopped playing after the 2012 season. Internationally, he represented the Czech Republic at the 2007, 2011, and 2015 World Indoor Lacrosse Championships.

## Statistics

| | | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM |
| 2007 | Minnesota | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 2008 | Minnesota | 13 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 77 | 26 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2009 | Boston | 16 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 92 | 53 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| 2010 | Boston | 16 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 85 | 58 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2011 | Toronto | 15 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 55 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2012 | Washington | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| | NLL Totals | 74 | 12 | 28 | 40 | 321 | 176 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 13 |