# Sangamon County, Illinois

Sangamon County is a county located near the center of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 196,343. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield, the state capital.
Sangamon County is included in the Springfield, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Sangamon County was formed in 1821 out of Madison and Bond counties. The county was named for the Sangamon River, which runs through it. The origin of the name of the river is unknown; among several explanations is the theory that it comes from the Pottawatomie word Sain-guee-mon (pronounced "sang gä mun"), meaning "where there is plenty to eat." Published histories of neighboring Menard County (formed from Sangamon County) suggest that the name was first given to the river by the French explorers of the late 17th century as they passed through the region. The river was named to honor "St. Gamo", or Saint Gamo, an 8th-century French Benedictine monk. The French pronunciation "San-Gamo" is the legacy.
Prior to being elected President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln represented Sangamon County in the Illinois Legislature. Lincoln, along with several other legislators, was instrumental in securing Springfield, the Sangamon County seat, as the state's capital. Sangamon County was also within the congressional district represented by Lincoln when he served in the US House of Representatives. Another legislator who represented Sangamon County was Colonel Edmund Dick Taylor, also known as "Father of the Greenback". The prominent financiers and industrialists Jacob Bunn and John Whitfield Bunn were based in Springfield, Sangamon County, Illinois, as well as in Chicago, during the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The careers of these men and the people with whom they collaborated helped to shape much of the history and development of Sangamon County, Illinois.
* Sangamon County from the time of its creation to 1823
* Sangamon County between 1823 and 1825
* Sangamon County between 1825 and 1839
* Sangamon in 1839, when the creation of Logan and Menard Counties reduced it to its present borders

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 877 square miles (2,270 km$^2$), of which 868 square miles (2,250 km$^2$) is land and 8.7 square miles (23 km$^2$) (1.0%) is water.

### Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Springfield have ranged from a low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −24 °F (−31 °C) was recorded in February 1905 and a record high of 112 °F (44 °C) was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.62 inches (41 mm) in January to 4.06 inches (103 mm) in May.

### Major highways

* Interstate 55
* Interstate 55 Business Loop
* Interstate 72
* U.S. Route 36
* Illinois Route 4
* Illinois Route 29
* Illinois Route 54
* Illinois Route 97
* Illinois Route 104
* Illinois Route 124
* Illinois Route 123
* Illinois Route 125

### Transit

* Sangamon Mass Transit District
* Springfield station
* List of intercity bus stops in Illinois

### Adjacent counties

* Menard County – north
* Logan County – northeast
* Macon County – east
* Christian County – southeast
* Montgomery County – south
* Macoupin County – south
* Morgan County – west
* Cass County – northwest

### National protected areas

* Lincoln Home National Historic Site
* Springfield 1908 Race Riot National Monument

### State protected areas

* Sangchris Lake State Recreation Area

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census, there were 197,465 people, 82,986 households, and 51,376 families residing in the county. The population density was 227.4 inhabitants per square mile (87.8/km$^2$). There were 89,901 housing units at an average density of 103.5 per square mile (40.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 83.6% white, 11.8% black or African American, 1.6% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 29.4% were German, 14.8% were Irish, 12.1% were English, 9.5% were American, and 6.3% were Italian.
Of the 82,986 households, 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.1% were non-families, and 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 39.2 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $52,232 and the median income for a family was $66,917. Males had a median income of $48,324 versus $36,691 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,394. About 9.9% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

Sangamon County is governed by a 29-member board. Each member of the board is elected from a separate district.
Other elected officials include:
| Office | Representative | Party | Residence | Took Office |
| Auditor | Andy Goleman | Republican | Divernon | 2015 (appointed) |
| Clerk of the Circuit Court | Paul Palazzolo | Republican | Springfield | 2015 (appointed) |
| Coroner | James Allmon | Republican | Springfield | 2020 (appointed) |
| County Clerk | Don Gray | Republican | Springfield | 2015 (appointed) |
| Recorder | Josh Langfelder | Democratic | Springfield | 2008 (elected) |
| Regional Superintendent of Schools | Shannon Fehrholz | Republican | Springfield | 2010 (appointed) |
| Sheriff | Jack Campbell | Republican | Illiopolis | 2018 (elected) |
| State's Attorney | John Milhiser | Republican | Springfield | 2023 (appointed) |
| Treasurer | Joe Aiello | Republican | Springfield | 2018 (elected) |

### Politics

Sangamon County has been a Republican stronghold for decades, consistently supporting GOP candidates in local, state, and national elections. Despite its relatively large population and the presence of Springfield, the state's capital and a significant urban center, the county has remained reliably conservative. In recent years, however, the county has shown signs of shifting toward the Democratic Party, reflecting changing demographics and political attitudes, although Democrats have remained unable to carry the county in most races.

### Sheriff department

In 2024, sheriff deputy Sean Grayson was fired after killing Sonya Massey, an unarmed woman, within her home located in Woodside Township near Springfield, Illinois following her call for assistance. Massey's father, community members, and elected officials raised strong concerns about the department, after it was revealed prior to Grayson's hiring in 2023. He had been kicked out of the U.S. Army in 2016 after being convicted of 2 DUI's, and worked at 5 different Illinois police departments between 2020 and 2023. Sheriff Jack Campbell who hired Grayson, after receiving calls to resign, including from Governor J.B Pritzker announced he would step down effective August 31, 2024.
United States presidential election results for Sangamon County, Illinois :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 50,979 | 51.09% | 46,074 | 46.18% | 2,720 | 2.73% |
| 2020 | 53,485 | 50.87% | 48,917 | 46.52% | 2,740 | 2.61% |
| 2016 | 49,944 | 50.77% | 40,907 | 41.58% | 7,522 | 7.65% |
| 2012 | 50,225 | 53.26% | 42,107 | 44.65% | 1,965 | 2.08% |
| 2008 | 46,945 | 46.90% | 51,300 | 51.25% | 1,861 | 1.86% |
| 2004 | 55,904 | 58.61% | 38,630 | 40.50% | 841 | 0.88% |
| 2000 | 50,374 | 55.06% | 38,414 | 41.99% | 2,697 | 2.95% |
| 1996 | 42,174 | 47.87% | 38,902 | 44.15% | 7,029 | 7.98% |
| 1992 | 39,641 | 40.93% | 40,052 | 41.35% | 17,167 | 17.72% |
| 1988 | 50,175 | 56.76% | 37,729 | 42.68% | 499 | 0.56% |
| 1984 | 54,086 | 61.10% | 34,059 | 38.47% | 378 | 0.43% |
| 1980 | 49,372 | 57.95% | 29,354 | 34.45% | 6,474 | 7.60% |
| 1976 | 43,309 | 52.24% | 38,017 | 45.85% | 1,584 | 1.91% |
| 1972 | 50,458 | 65.47% | 25,720 | 33.37% | 897 | 1.16% |
| 1968 | 36,510 | 50.02% | 29,542 | 40.47% | 6,944 | 9.51% |
| 1964 | 33,077 | 43.43% | 43,073 | 56.55% | 16 | 0.02% |
| 1960 | 41,483 | 53.64% | 35,793 | 46.28% | 59 | 0.08% |
| 1956 | 42,951 | 59.71% | 28,949 | 40.24% | 35 | 0.05% |
| 1952 | 39,392 | 53.99% | 33,526 | 45.95% | 50 | 0.07% |
| 1948 | 33,714 | 53.28% | 29,196 | 46.14% | 363 | 0.57% |
| 1944 | 32,871 | 53.24% | 28,713 | 46.50% | 161 | 0.26% |
| 1940 | 35,464 | 52.44% | 31,943 | 47.23% | 221 | 0.33% |
| 1936 | 29,562 | 46.43% | 32,281 | 50.70% | 1,827 | 2.87% |
| 1932 | 26,856 | 44.29% | 32,745 | 54.00% | 1,042 | 1.72% |
| 1928 | 31,957 | 59.99% | 21,026 | 39.47% | 288 | 0.54% |
| 1924 | 23,443 | 51.58% | 12,640 | 27.81% | 9,363 | 20.60% |
| 1920 | 21,820 | 59.42% | 11,000 | 29.95% | 3,903 | 10.63% |
| 1916 | 20,900 | 51.65% | 17,958 | 44.38% | 1,606 | 3.97% |
| 1912 | 6,196 | 31.14% | 8,406 | 42.25% | 5,295 | 26.61% |
| 1908 | 10,422 | 49.79% | 9,351 | 44.67% | 1,161 | 5.55% |
| 1904 | 10,638 | 53.44% | 7,571 | 38.03% | 1,697 | 8.53% |
| 1900 | 9,769 | 49.61% | 9,499 | 48.24% | 422 | 2.14% |
| 1896 | 8,998 | 50.17% | 8,582 | 47.85% | 354 | 1.97% |
| 1892 | 6,009 | 41.06% | 7,665 | 52.38% | 960 | 6.56% |

## Communities
### Cities

* Auburn
* Leland Grove
* Springfield (county seat and largest municipality)
* Virden

### Villages

* Berlin
* Buffalo
* Cantrall
* Chatham
* Clear Lake
* Curran
* Dawson
* Divernon
* Grandview
* Illiopolis
* Jerome
* Loami
* Mechanicsburg
* New Berlin
* Pawnee
* Pleasant Plains
* Riverton
* Rochester
* Sherman
* Southern View
* Spaulding
* Thayer
* Williamsville

### Unincorporated communities

* Andrew
* Archer
* Barclay
* Barr
* Bates
* Berry
* Bissell
* Bradfordton
* Breckenridge
* Buckhart
* Buffalo Hart
* Cimic
* Clayville
* Farmingdale
* Glenarm
* Island Grove
* Lowder
* New City
* Riddle Hill
* Salisbury
* Toronto
* Zenobia

### Townships

Sangamon County is divided into these townships:
* Auburn
* Ball
* Buffalo Hart
* Capital (Coterminous with Springfield)
* Cartwright
* Chatham
* Clear Lake
* Cooper
* Cotton Hill
* Curran
* Divernon
* Fancy Creek
* Gardner
* Illiopolis
* Island Grove
* Lanesville
* Loami
* Maxwell
* Mechanicsburg
* New Berlin
* Pawnee
* Rochester
* Salisbury (former, now defunct)
* Springfield
* Talkington
* Williams
* Woodside

## Education

Here is a listing of school districts (all are full K–12) with any territory in this county, no matter how small, even if the administrative headquarters and/or schools are in other counties:
* A-C Central Community Unit School District 262
* Community Unit School District 16
* Athens Community Unit School District 213
* Auburn Community Unit School District 10
* Ball-Chatham Community Unit School District 5
* Edinburg Community Unit School District 4
* Mount Pulaski Community Unit District 23
* North Mac Community Unit School District 34
* Pawnee Community Unit School District 11
* Porta Community Unit School District 202
* Pleasant Plains Community Unit School District 8
* Riverton Community Unit School District 14
* Rochester Community Unit School District 3A
* Sangamon Valley Community Unit School District 9
* Springfield School District 186
* Tri-City Community Unit School District 1
* Waverly Community Unit School District 6
* Williamsville Community Unit School District 15

### Forts

* Camp Butler