OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benzonitrile

Benzonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula C$_6$H$_5$(CN), abbreviated PhCN. This aromatic organic compound is a colorless liquid with a sweet bitter almond odour. It is mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine.

## Production and reactions

It is prepared by ammoxidation of toluene, that is its reaction with ammonia and oxygen (or air) at 400 to 450 °C (752 to 842 °F).
    C$_6$H$_5$CH$_3$ + 3/2 O$_2$ + NH$_3$ → C$_6$H$_5$(CN) + 3 H$_2$O
In the laboratory it can be prepared by the dehydration of benzamide or benzaldehyde oxime or by the Rosenmund–von Braun reaction using cuprous cyanide or NaCN/DMSO and bromobenzene.
Hydrogenation of benzonitrile in principle gives benzylamine, but owing to transamination, dibenzylamine and tribenzylamine are also produced.

## Applications
### Laboratory uses

Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. It reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis. It is a precursor to diphenylmethanimine via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.
Benzonitrile forms coordination complexes with transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile. One example is PdCl$_2$(PhCN)$_2$. The benzonitrile ligands are readily displaced by stronger ligands, making benzonitrile complexes useful synthetic intermediates.

## History

Benzonitrile was reported by Hermann Fehling in 1844. He found the compound as a product from the thermal dehydration of ammonium benzoate. He deduced its structure from the already known analogue reaction of ammonium formate yielding hydrogen cyanide (formonitrile). He also coined the name benzonitrile which gave the name to all the group of nitriles.
In 2018, benzonitrile was reported to be detected in the interstellar medium.
# Sherathang

Sherathang is a town in Gangtok district near the Nathu La Pass in Sikkim, India. The location has been identified as the site for excise, customs and checking for trade between India and China. Rinqingang is the corresponding location in China.
Sherathang has an Indo-Tibetan Border Police border post, which is one of the India-China Border Personnel Meeting point (BPM point). A regular scheduled international mail exchange between India Post and China takes place here twice a week. There is a war memorial at Sherathang to commemorate the Indian Army's martyrs and war heroes of 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes.

## Border crossing

Sherathang in India and Rinchengang in Tibet are the designated India-China border trade marts for the local cross-border trade. In 2003, the governments of India and China agreed to use these locations as designated border trade mart.
Sherathang border post is also a mail exchange point between India Post and China. On Indian side, the mail from mainland India is received at India Post’s Siliguri office, send to Indian Army's Upper Tadong-based 77 Field post office, "The mail, mostly letters are vetted and then sealed in a bag and a manifest issued for the Chinese post office at Yathung in Tibet’s Chumbi Valley is sent to the India Post’s Gangtok head office, from where the sealed bag is collected by the Sherathang postman. While the mail exchange on the Indian side of the border takes place every Sunday, the exchange on the Chinese side takes place every Thursday."

## Infrastructure

The Power Department of the Government of Sikkim commissioned a 2X5 MVA, 66/11KV, Sherathang sub-station, which is the highest altitude permanent power sub-station in India and second highest in the world, at an altitude of 13,600 feet. Geographical remoteness and extreme weather, frequent blizzards and wide-ranging temperatures – between -10 and 20 C in the summer – make managing a power station a herculean task.
Sherathang Trade Mart has the highest altitude permanent internet café in the world, at an altitude of 13,600 feet. It was added to the Limca Book of Records 2007. This internet café also doubles as a photographic studio, provides scanning and faxing facilities. The café was set up by the Community Information Centre (CIC) of the Sikkim Information Technology (IT) department and inaugurated by the Chief Secretary of the hill state, N.D. Chingapa, on 21 April 2006.

## Notable landmarks

* Sherathang War Memorial
# Retina (typeface)

Retina is a font by created by Tobias Frere-Jones for The Wall Street Journal, which used it for high density print in their newspapers from 2000 to 2007. It was created to be legible at very small font sizes, using ink traps to stop smearing during the printing process.

## History

In 1999 Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones's firm Hoefler & Frere-Jones was commissioned to create a font for The Wall Street Journal stock listings. The font was completed and began use in The Wall Street Journal stock listings in 2000.
The small size of Retina allowed The Wall Street Journal to print the same amount of text on eight fewer pages per issue, which was estimated to have saved the newspaper $6 million to $7 million annually. The Wall Street Journal condensed the size of its pages in 2007, replacing Retina with another font that was also developed by Hoefler & Frere-Jones called Exchange.
In 2011 Retina was one of twenty-three digital fonts acquired by MoMA for its Architecture and Design collection after being gifted to the museum by Hoefler & Frere-Jones, and the font is now used by many newspapers for high density texts such as stock information and classified ads.
Retina was released for licence to the public in 2016.

## Design

Retina was originally created specifically to be used at 5.5 point on newspaper. The resulting font is designed to be best used at 7 point or below. Unlike a monospaced font, each letter has a unique width, but each character has the same width regardless of weight, meaning a bold letter will take up the same width as an italic letter or a regular letter.
Retina is a sans-serif font designed for high-density texts and comes in a microplus and standard version. The microplus is meant for extremely small font, whereas the standard version is meant for larger point where the notches on the microplus version would be too visible.
The notches in the microplus version are ink traps, designed to serve as wells for excess ink to pool into during the printing process to avoid smudging the tiny lettering.
The font shares some features with old-style serif fonts such as Garamond and Janson.
# Příbram meteorite

The Příbram meteorite fell on 7 April 1959 east of Příbram, former Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). Four pieces were found, the largest having a mass of 4.425 kilograms (9.76 lb) (near the village of Luhy, Dolní Hbity municipality).
Příbram was the first meteorite whose trajectory was tracked by multiple cameras recording the associated fireball. This allowed its trajectory to be calculated leading to a determination of its orbit and aiding its recovery.

## Pieces

Four pieces were found with a total weight of 5.730 kg (12.63 lb) out of an estimated 53 kg (117 lb) weight before break-up. The largest piece found was probably only the second-largest overall. These four pieces were subsequently named after the villages near which they were found:
* 4.425 kilograms (9.76 lb) Luhy (Dolní Hbity municipality)
* 0.772 kilograms (1.70 lb) Velká (Kamýk nad Vltavou municipality)
* 0.428 kilograms (0.94 lb) Hojšín (Svatý Jan municipality)
* 0.105 kilograms (0.23 lb) Drážkov (Svatý Jan municipality)
All pieces are on display in the Czech National Museum in Prague.

## History

The fall was preceded by a bright bolide seen throughout what was then western Czechoslovakia. The light extended to 50 km (31 mi). At an altitude around 13 km (8.1 mi), the meteor broke up. One loud and several quieter explosions were heard. The meteorite was found to have penetrated ploughed land to a depth of 20 cm (7.9 in), bounced, and fallen 30 cm (12 in) further on.
# Attukal Pongala

Attukal Pongala is a 10-day religious festival celebrated at the Attukal Bhagavathy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram in the Indian state of Kerala. On the ninth day there is a huge gathering of millions of women on the temple surroundings. These women prepare a divine food made of rice in earthen pots and offer it to the Attukal Amma (Goddess of the Temple). The pongala preparation starts with the ritual called 'Aduppuvettu'. This is the lighting of the pongala hearth (called Pandarayaduppu) placed inside the temple by the chief priest. This is the earliest Pongala festival in Kerala.
The festival is marked as the largest annual gathering of women by the Guinness World Records. Currently above 40 lakhs plus devotees participate in Attukal Pongala. The ceremony was set up in Guinness Book of World Records on February 23, 1997, when 1.5 million women participated in Pongala. In 2009, a new Guinness World Records celebrated 2.5 million attendance. This temple is also known as the Sabarimala for Women.

## Rituals

On the signal of the main priest of the Attukal Bhagavathy Temple, women light the ritual fires for preparation of sweet customary rice, on prefixed auspicious time, in earthen pots. The entire temple area and its roads are filled with women preparing the customary rice on small hearths in neat rows, which is a wonderful sight and sweet smells emanate the air, spiritually strengthening people's homes. The ceremony is initiated on the auspicious day of Pooram star which coincides with full moon or Purnima. All these rituals occur amidst the beautiful musical rendering of Goddess (Kannaki Charitam) during the Kappukettu ceremony. The main significance is victory of good over evil. The ceremony is concluded in the evening by an aerial showering of flowers, and sprinkling of holy waters, by the temple priests, to honor the most benevolent goddess, Sri Bhadrakali
The Attukal Pongala will be held on March 13, 2025. The Attukal Pongala event started at 10:15am and ends at 1:15pm with the traditional Nivedyam.
# Ivan Cotroneo

Ivan Cotroneo is an Italian writer, scriptwriter, and director, known for I Am Love (2009), and Loose Cannons (2010), and his directorial debut feature film Kryptonite! (2011).

## Early life and education

After abandoning his law studies, Ivan Cotroneo moved to Rome, where he graduated in scriptwriting from the Experimental Center of Cinematography in 1992.

## Career
### Film and television

Cotroneo's first experience in the film industry was working for the director Pappi Corsicato, for whom Cotroneo wrote the episode "La stirpe di Iana" of collective film The Vesuvians, and the screenplay for the feature film Chimera.
Cotroneo has worked as a writer for several television productions such as drama and TV miniseries on Italian television.
In 2009 he was a co-writer on I Am Love.
He co-wrote the screenplay of the film Loose Cannons with Ferzan Ozpetek in 2009. This screenplay won him Italian Golden Globe in 2010 for Best Screenplay. He was also nominated for David di Donatello and Silver Ribbon awards in 2010.
Cotroneo directed his first movie Kryptonite! in 2011. Cotroneo second directorial feature is the film One Kiss, based on his own book with the same name, released in Italian cinemas on March 31, 2016.

### Other work

In addition to film and television, Cotroneo has also worked for stage productions. He adapted the Italian editions of Closer by Patrick Marber and The Rules of Attraction by Bret Easton Ellis.
He has also written comedy shows, including the Claudio Gioè monologue "If you are here tonight".

## Publications

Cotroneo published a collection of essays Il piccolo libro della rabbia (The Little Book of Anger) in 1999.
His first novel El re del mondo (The King of the World) was published in 2003.

## Partial filmography
### Director and writer

* Kryptonite! (2011)
* Il Natale della mamma imperfetta (2013)
* One Kiss (2016)

### Writer

* In the Beginning There Was Underwear (1999)
* Chimera (2001)
* Paz! (2002)
* Ginger and Cinnamon (2003)
* Piano, solo (2007)
* The Man Who Loves (2008)
* I Am Love (2009)
* The Front Line (2009)
* Loose Cannons (2010)
* A Five Star Life (2013)
* Me, Myself and Her (2015)
# Łuszczów Drugi

Łuszczów Drugi is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wólka, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Jakubowice Murowane (the gmina seat) and 14 km (9 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.
# French National Monotype 1924

For the 1924 Olympic Monotype sailing a National Dinghy Class from France was used. Some documents refer to this class as the Meulan and in France as Monotype national. It might originate (or vice versa) as the Scheldejol a Class originated in Antwerp, Belgium and also used in The Netherlands but is a little different at certain measurements. At least more sail area, including a spinnaker and a 10 cm more beam.

## Olympic history

The competitors at the 1924 Olympics held their regattas at two places:
* One, in the English Channel, of the coast of Le Havre for the 3 persons 6 Metre and the 5 persons 8 Metre and
* Two, at the river Seine near Meulan near Paris for the single handed monotype centerboard.
The Olympic International Congress made on December 7, 1921 the decision that the host country would make the choice for the Monotype class. L'Union des sociétés nautiques française (USNF), chooses the French national Monotype of the naval architect Gaston Grenier, especially designed with the Olympic Games of 1924 in mind. A class which emphasizes the qualities of the sailor, whose sailrobe would include a spinnaker, and was adapted to the expected light air conditions.
For the Olympic races 16 Meulans were made available for the 17 sailors. So a rotation scheme had to be used. Ten of the yachts where identical, but the others were little different. It might be worth investigating if these six boats were Scheldejollen and that they were used to accommodate the unexpectedly high number of competitors. The Dutch Wikipedia stated that the Scheldejol was used at the Olympics.

### Olympic results

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1924 Paris details | Belgium (BEL) Léon Huybrechts | Norway (NOR) Henrik Robert | Finland (FIN) Hans Dittmar |
# Miyó Vestrini

Marie-José Fauvelle Ripert, best known as Miyó Vestrini (Nîmes, France 1938 – Caracas, Venezuela 1991) was a Venezuelan poet, journalist and scriptwriter.

## Biography

When Vestrini was a young girl, she emigrated to Venezuela with her mother, beginning a “second childhood” in the Venezuelan Andes. From an early age, she was dedicated to cultural journalism and took part in the groups, El Techo de la Ballena, Sardio, La República del Este in Caracas and Apocalipsis in Maracaibo. She was a press officer at the Venezuelan embassy in Italy and press chief of the Venezuelan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She anchored a radio program called Al pie de la letra. In Venezuela, she directed the art section of the newspaper El Nacional and Criticarte magazine. As a columnist, she took part in El Diario de Caracas, La República and El Universal. She also worked as a television screenwriter. Her creations show a constant struggle between her French roots and the Latin American environment.
Her poetry is intense and explosive. Her prose works stand out for being dense and moving around several levels of conflict. Her poetry and prose show the same wild character and a bold expression. Her writing embodies an ironic and direct level of language that expresses substantial cynicism. Enriquez Hernández said about her: “Miyó was a suicidal woman and that has to do with her poetry, because it is very disjointed, full of that world of protest, claim”.

## Work
### Poetry

* Las historias de Giovanna (1971)
* El invierno próximo (1975)
* Pocas virtudes (1986)
* Todos los poemas (Posthumous. First edition, 1994. Second edition, 2013)
* Es una buena máquina (Posthumous, 2014)
* In Translation to English: Grenade in Mouth: Some Poems of Miyó Vestrini (Posthumous, 2019. Translated by Anne Boyer and Cassandra Gillig. Edited by Faride Mereb and Elisa Maggi.)

### Prose

* Órdenes al corazón (Posthumous, 2001)
* Biographies
* Más que la hija de un presidente: Sonia Pérez (1979)
* Isaac Chocrón frente al espejo (1980)
* Salvador Garmendia, pasillo de por medio (Póstumo, 1994)

### Literary Interviews

* Al filo (2015).

### About her work

* Miyó Vestrini, el encierro del espejo (2002)
* Miyó Vestrini (2008)
* Estados del cuerpo y de la lengua: Los malestares de Miyó Vestrini (2008)
# Shahzad Khan Bangash

Shahzad Khan Bangash is a Pakistani civil servant who served as Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from November 2021 until January 2023.
Bangash was born in Behzadi Chakar Kot, Kohat District, He did his matriculation from Cadet College Kohat, FSc from Edwardes College Peshawar, and MBBS from Khyber Medical College, Peshawar.
# RK Ovče Pole

RK Ovče Pole (HC RK Ovče Pole) (Macedonian: РК Овче Поле) is a team handball club from Sveti Nikole, North Macedonia. The club was founded in 1954 and compete in the Macedonian Handball Super League.
Macedonia's best known handball player Kiril Lazarov started his career at Ovče Pole.

## Macedonian Champions

* 1988
# RK Tekstilec

RK Tekstilec (HC Tekstilec) (Macedonian: РК Текстилец) is a team handball club from Štip, North Macedonia. They won the Macedonian First Handball League in the 2011–12 season and got promoted to the VIP Super League.
In 2011, “Tekstilec” from Štip won the state championship handball title in the cadet category. In the finals the team from Štip defeated the handball players of “Metalurg” with a result of 21:19 and stopped them to win the tenth title this season. The success was big and this handball club is continuously achieving top results. 5000 euro award for the handball players from the HC “Tekstilec”-Stip</ref>

## Former club members
### Notable former players

* Martin Popovski
# Gavin Henderson

Gavin Douglas Henderson CBE (born 3 February 1948) is an English arts administrator, conductor and trumpeter. Between 2007 and 2020 he was principal of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama at the University of London.
He resigned on 12 June 2020 over the schools failure to tackle racism and comments he made in 2018, admitting that they were racist.
He was involved in controversy in 2018 when during a debate at the event Dear White Central, he suggested that the introduction of diversity quotas at the school could constitute a 'risk'.

## Biography

Gavin Henderson was educated at Brighton College, where his father was a member of the teaching staff, Brighton College of Art, Kingston Art College, University College London and the Slade School of Fine Art. From 1985 to 2010 he was the Artistic Director of Dartington International Summer School. From 1983 to 1994 he was the Artistic Director of Brighton International Festival. From 1994 to 2005 he was principal of Trinity College of Music (TCM), where he was responsible for moving TCM to its new premises in the Old Royal Naval College at Greenwich and for its merger with Laban (a nearby school of contemporary dance) to form Trinity Laban.
He has also been Chairman of the National Foundation for Youth Music, Chairman of the Arts Council of England's Music Panel, Vice President of the British Arts Festivals Association and the European Festivals Association, Governor of Chetham's School, Manchester and Chairman of Arts Worldwide/World Circuit Arts. He is currently Honorary President of the National Piers Society.
He was appointed CBE in the 2004 Birthday Honours.
# Concubine Rong

Concubine Rong, of the Irgen Gioro clan (容嬪 / 容嫔, 伊爾根覺羅氏 / 伊尔根觉罗氏; 6 July 1837 – 21 June 1869) was a consort of the Xianfeng Emperor.

## Life
### Family background

Concubine Rong was a booi hehe of Bordered Yellow Banner.
* Father: Sarhangga (薩爾杭阿; 1796- June 1838), served as a teacher in Xian'an Palace (咸安宮) since 1826, was granted 7th civil rank in 1831, became promoted to 6th civil rank in 1836.
** Paternal grandfather: Tuan'erhai (慱爾嗐), served as 6th rank tutor (教習) of Ministry of Personnel
* Mother: Lady Luo (駱氏)

### Daoguang era

Lady Irgen Gioro was born on 6 July 1837. When her father died in June 1838, Lady Irgen Gioro and her mother, lady Luo, lived in poverty, enjoying an income of 1 tael monthly. Since 1839, Lady Irgen Gioro with her mother have been receiving a social rent consisting of money and crops.

### Xianfeng Era

Lady Irgen Gioro entered the imperial harem in September 1853 and was bestowed a title of First Class Female Attendant Rong (容常在; tolerant, pretty). Her half-length portrait was hung in the Ruyi pavilion (如意舘) shortly after the entry. In November 1855, First Attendant Rong was promoted to Noble Lady Rong (容貴人) together with majority of Xianfeng Emperor's concubines. She remained childless during the Xianfeng era.

### Tongzhi era

Noble Lady Rong was promoted to Dowager Concubine Rong (皇考容嬪) in 1861. Although Noble Lady Rong was conferred a title of Concubine, Ministry of Internal Affairs delayed production of sedan chair and gilded promotional document, which was investigated by Ministry of Rites in 1868.
Concubine Rong died on 21 June 1869. Her coffin was transferred to Ji'an study for lying in state. Consort Xi and Consort Qing left the Imperial Palace so as to guard Concubine Rong's coffin. The coffin was temporarily placed in the Tiancun village and thereafter interred in Ding Mausoleum of Eastern Qing tombs. Concubine Rong's personal maids were married off.
# Mozu (TV series)

Mozu (styled MOZU) is a Japanese police television drama series. It premiered in April 2014. The series has two seasons: Mozu no sakebu yoru (百舌の叫ぶ夜), broadcast on TBS, and Maboroshi no Tsubasa (幻の翼), broadcast on WOWOW. A film adaptation based on the series, Gekijōban Mozu, was released on November 7, 2015.

## Cast

* Hidetoshi Nishijima
* Teruyuki Kagawa
* Yoko Maki