OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yellow dune

Yellow dunes are sand dunes that develop after the first set of embryo dunes appear. They have an average depth of about 5m and are composed primarily of sand. They are so named because their lack of humus gives them a yellow color.
The percentage of exposed sand on these dunes is generally about 20%. The remaining 80% is covered with vegetation that cannot withstand the conditions on the embryo dunes. The plants on these dunes can withstand the slightly alkaline sand an example of the plants would be marram grass spinifex.
The moisture content of these dunes is relatively low so the plants still have very strong root structure and are capable of getting every drop of water that comes their way.
As this dune develops, a new embryo dune will form in front.
# Jack Humphrey

Jack Weldon Humphrey (12 January 1901 – 23 March 1967) was a Canadian landscape and figure painter, mainly in watercolour. Art historian J. Russell Harper called him the "most significant eastern Canadian painter of his generation".

## Biography

Humphrey was born in Saint John, New Brunswick. He studied at the school of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, with Philip Hale and with Charles Webster Hawthorne at the National Academy of Design (1924-1929) and the Art Students League, New York, as well as at Charles Hawthorne's Cape Cod School of Art. He was a Tiffany Foundation student at Oyster Bay, Long Island, 1927. He travelled to Europe from 1929 to 1930, studying in Paris with André Lhote and at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, and in Munich at the Hans Hofmann school. He also travelled in Italy, Holland, Belgium, and England. He visited Vancouver in 1933 and Mexico in 1938.
Humphrey was a founding member of the Canadian Group of Painters (C.G.P.) in 1933, the Eastern Group (1938) which evolved into the Contemporary Arts Society, the Canadian Society of Painters in Water Colour (Director, 1944; Vice-President, 1945); and the Canadian Society of Graphic Art (Regional Representative, 1946; Eastern Vice-President, 1951; Regional Representative, 1956, 1959). In 1951, he taught at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. That year, he received a Doctor of Laws from the University of New Brunswick. From 1952 to 1954, he painted in Paris on a Canadian Government-Royal Society Overseas Fellowship. Returning from France in 1954, he experimented with painted more abstractly in his gouache and oil landscapes, while his watercolours focused on the intimate details of nature. He received a Canada Council Senior Arts Fellowship in 1960. In 1966-1967, a retrospective exhibition of his work was organized by Stuart A. Smith for the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, Fredericton, N.B. that toured through Canada, circulated by the National Gallery of Canada.
Humphrey's paintings of the harbour, streets and workers of Saint John in Canada established his reputation as an artist and his work extended to numerous portraits of friends and the city's children. Humphrey's approach made him a respected member of Montreal's Contemporary Arts Society and the Canadian Group of Painters.
He died of a heart attack on 23 March 1967 in hospital at Saint John, New Brunswick. He had been recovering from a recent surgery. His papers are in the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives Jack Humphrey fonds.
# Joseph Alston

Joseph Alston (1779 – September 10, 1816) was the 44th Governor of South Carolina from 1812 to 1814.

## Early life and career

The son of William Alston, he was born in All Saints' Waccamaw Parish in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. Alston attended the College of New Jersey; but he left in 1796 without graduating. He then went to study law at the office of Edward Rutledge and was admitted to the bar. Alston decided against practicing law and instead engaged in planting, becoming one of the wealthiest planters in South Carolina.
In 1801, he married the daughter of Aaron Burr, Theodosia Burr Alston, partly to ingratiate himself with Republican voters in an effort to downplay his aristocratic status. The couple's honeymoon was spent in Niagara Falls, the first recorded couple to do so. Their son Aaron Burr Alston, born 1802, died in 1812.

## Political career
### Rise to governor

Alston won election to the South Carolina House of Representatives for an 1802–1803 term and later for a more extended period, 1805 to 1812. In 1805, the House of Representatives chose Alston to be the Speaker, and he pushed the legislature to adopt a more equitable basis of representation.
Alston was implicated in the Burr conspiracy by Burr's correspondence (which is considered unreliable since had been altered by James Wilkinson), a journal entry of Harman Blannerhasset, and testimony of William Eaton, and others.
In 1812, the General Assembly elected Alston to be the Governor of South Carolina for a two-year term, after the removal of Thomas Sumter and Andrew Pickens as candidates. Alston's private life suffered tragedy by the loss of his wife and only child and the disappearance of a ship headed towards New York City which his wife had boarded. His troubles continued as his tenure got off to a rocky start and his popularity plummeted.

### War of 1812

With the War of 1812 raging, Governor Alston called the state militia into service in 1813, to protect military magazines from the British. Some soldiers of the militia refused to serve, and Alston issued a statement that the refusal of service would result in a death sentence. However, a court issued a writ of habeas corpus, and the men who had been charged with courts-martial were released.
Subsequently, Alston dismissed the entire militia from service; but the residents were in shock that their state was then completely defenseless from British attack. The Governor was forced to recall the militia into service after British forces landed on St. Helena Island, and the South Carolina General Assembly correspondingly increased the powers of the governor for the use of the militia in wartime.

## Later life

Alston left the governorship in 1814. He died in Charleston on September 10, 1816.
# Howard Menger

Howard Menger (February 17, 1922 – February 25, 2009) was an American contactee who claimed to have met extraterrestrials throughout the course of his life, meetings which were the subject of books he wrote, such as From Outer Space To You and The High Bridge Incident. Menger, who rose to prominence as a charismatic contactee detailing his chats with friendly Adamski-style Venusian "space brothers" in the late 1950s, was accepted by some UFO believers.
Later in his life Menger stated in several documentaries that he believed he had misunderstood the space aliens and where they came from. He stated the space aliens did not live on Venus but they had bases on Venus or were passing by or exploring the planet. Menger also wrote about this newer position about where he believed the space people come from in one of his later books.
Menger states:
   "'Years ago, on a T.V. program, when I first voiced my opinion that the people I met and talked with from the craft might not be extraterrestrial, it was thought that I had recanted. However, they (the aliens) said they had just come from the planet we call Venus (or Mars). It is my opinion that these space travelers may have by-passed or visited other planets (as we are planning) but were not native to those planets any more than our astronauts are native to the moon.'"
There are also some who claim the memories of Howard Menger, George Adamski, Buck Nelson and other contactees were manipulated by evil ET's (known as the Omegans) in order to trick them into believing in life on Venus in order to discredit the message of the positive ET's.
Menger had religious revelations to impart after his "experiences," and also came back from his contacts with practical messages.
When he was still young he moved with his parents to the rolling hills of Hunterdon County, New Jersey. His first alleged contact with a person from another planet was at the age of ten, in the woods near his hometown of High Bridge, New Jersey.
# Julie White Walker

Julie White Walker is an American librarian and currently the state librarian of Georgia. She earned her bachelor's degree in political science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 1982, she earned her master's in library science from the same university.

## Career

Following her graduation, she worked for different libraries across North Carolina. In 1990, she became the assistant director of the Athens Regional Library System. She then served as the first director for the Public Information Network for Electronic Services (PINES) from 2003 to 2006. From 2006 to 2008, she was the assistant state librarian for support services and strategic initiatives. She became the deputy state librarian of Georgia Public Library Service (GPLS) in 2008, serving until her appointment as state librarian in 2014.
Alongside her position as state librarian, Walker also serves as the vice chancellor for libraries and archives University System of Georgia, and served on the board of directors of the Chief Officers of State Library Agencies (COSLA) 2018–2022. On September 23, 2020, she was elected vice president and president elect of COSLA. Walker took office as president of COSLA on October 27, 2022.
# Lowdown (Boz Scaggs song)

"Lowdown" is a song originally recorded in 1976 by Boz Scaggs from his album Silk Degrees. The song was co-written by Scaggs and keyboardist David Paich. Paich, along with fellow "Lowdown" session musicians bassist David Hungate and drummer Jeff Porcaro, would later go on to form the band Toto.

## Release and reaction

Initially, Silk Degrees received a lukewarm commercial response and, similarly, the first single released from the album, "It's Over", barely cracked the top 40 on Billboard Pop Singles, peaking at #38. One day, however, a Cleveland R&B radio DJ began playing "Lowdown" straight off the album; it was a time when DJs had much more say in what was played on their programs. Public response was very positive and soon Scaggs' record label, Columbia, sent the song to other R&B-oriented radio stations for airplay.
It broke big on Top 40 stations as well, and when it was officially released as a single, it became Scaggs's first major hit, reaching #1 on Cash Box Top 100 and number three on Billboard Pop Singles. It was also successful on the R&B and disco charts, peaking at number five on both. The song was also a major hit in Canada, peaking at number two. It was a minor hit in the UK, topping out at #28.
Scaggs is quoted as saying that the success of "Lowdown" was "an accident" and that, even though it was their favorite from Silk Degrees, he and the others involved in the making of the song thought there "wasn't a chance in hell" that it would be released as a single. The single was certified gold by the RIAA for sales of one million copies and would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song at the 19th Annual Grammy Awards.

## Renditions

* In 1996 Scaggs recorded an unplugged jazz version for his Fade into Light album.
* In 2001 saxophonist Jimmy Sommers recorded a smooth jazz arrangement with rapper Coolio on background vocals. The song was released on his album 360 Urban Groove.
* In 2020 the English band Disclosure sampled "Lowdown" in their track "Expressing What Matters".

## Usage in film

* "Lowdown" plays in a singles bar in the 1977 American crime drama film Looking for Mr. Goodbar.
* "Lowdown" is heard in the David Fincher 2007 American mystery thriller movie Zodiac, in the diner scene depicting real life character Robert "Bob" Graysmith telling Inspector Dave Toschi what he knew about the Zodiac Killer.
* "Lowdown" plays out the end credits to William Friedkin's 2023 adaptation of The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial.
* John Travolta filmed a scene for Saturday Night Fever with Donna Pescow to the song "Lowdown"; however, Boz Scaggs refused to allow the song to be used (which ultimately cost him millions of dollars in royalties) and a more generic track was dubbed over "Lowdown".

## Personnel

* Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar
* David Paich – Fender Rhodes piano, Moog synthesizer, ARP synthesizer, Minimoog, Hammond organ
* Fred Tackett – guitar
* Louis Shelton – guitar
* David Hungate – bass
* Jeff Porcaro – drums
* Carolyn Willis – backing vocals
* Marty McCall – backing vocals
* Jim Gilstrap – backing vocals
* Augie Johnson – backing vocals
* Joe Wissert – producer
# Noemi Iezzi

Noemi Iezzi (born 5 November 1982) is a retired Italian rhythmic gymnast.

## Career

Iezzi started her sport career at Armonia d'Abruzzo under Germana Germani.
Her biggest achievement was competing at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney as a member of the Italian group. There she, along with her teammates, Elena Amato, Silvia Gregorini, Eva D'Amore, Roberta Lucentini and Arianna Rusca, placed 8th in preliminaries and 6th in the final.
After retiring she tried to pursue a career in television, participating in Uomini & Donne and being seen at Flavio Briatore's club the Billionaire. In 2012 she made the decision to return to rhythmic gymnastics as a coach.
# Francis de Winton

Major-General Sir Francis Walter de Winton GCMG CB FRGS (21 June 1835 – 16 December 1901) was a British Army officer, colonial administrator and courtier in the Household of the Duke of York. He notably served as Administrator-General of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium.

## Early life

De Winton was born at Pitsford, Northamptonshire in 1835, the second son of Walter de Winton of Maesllwch Castle and Julia Cecilia, second daughter of Richard John Collinson and sister of famous sea captains Richard Collinson and Bernard Collinson. His father had changed his surname from Wilkins to De Winton by royal licence in 1839.

## Early career

De Winton was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 11 April 1854. He first saw active service in the Crimean War and was present at the Siege of Sevastopol. For his service he received the Légion d'Honneur (5th class). He was promoted to captain in 1861 and served in British North America and Gibraltar, before working as military attache in Constantinople from 1877 to 1878.
From 1878 to 1883 he was secretary to the Marquess of Lorne, who was Governor General of Canada. De Winton was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1880 and became brevet-colonel in 1884. He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1882 and was made a knight in the same order in February 1884.

## Career in Africa and later life

He subsequently held administrative appointments in several African colonies, most notably working as Administrator-general of the Congo Free State. As a result, he was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold by the Belgian government. In 1887 he commanded the Yoni Expedition against the Yoni people of West Africa.
He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath upon the successful repression of the rebellion and was made Assistant Quartermaster-General at Army Headquarters. In 1889 De Winton was sent by the British government as a commissioner to Swaziland. In May 1890 de Winton, who had retired from the army on 21 June of that year with the honorary rank of major-general, was appointed governor of the Imperial British East Africa Company's possessions, but he resigned in June 1891.
In January 1892, de Winton became Controller and Treasurer in the household of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale. Following the duke's premature death, de Winton served in the household of the Duke and Duchess of York. He was invested as a Knight Grand Cross in 1893.

## Personal life

Whilst in Canada, he was Master of the Hounds of the Montreal Hunt. De Winton was honorary secretary of the Royal Geographical Society between 1888 and 1889 and was made an honorary Legum Doctor by the University of Cambridge.
He married in 1864 Evelyn, daughter of Christopher Rawson of Lennoxville, Canada, and had issue two sons and two daughters. One son predeceased him in 1892. De Winton died at Llanstephan, Llyswen in 1901 and was buried at Glasbury.
He is the namesake of De Winton, Alberta, in Canada.
# Chip Hayes

Chip Hayes (born December 15, 1956) is an American soap opera writer, producer, and director.

## Personal life

He is married to actress Deborah Adair, with whom he has two adopted children.
He is the son of actress Nancy Gates and entertainment lawyer J. William Hayes.

## Positions held

All My Children (hired by Megan McTavish and later rehired by Ginger Smith)
* Head writer: Fall 2013 (with Lisa Connor as co-head writer)
* Script writer (March 25, 2008 - February 12, 2010; December 29, 2010 - September 23, 2011; April 29, 2013 – present)
* Associate head writer (January 7, 2004 - January 14, 2008; February 17, 2010 - January 5, 2011)
General Hospital (hired by Anne Howard Bailey)
* Breakdown Writer: 1985 - 1990
Melrose Place (hired by Darren Star)
* Producer: 1992-1998
* Director: 1992-1998
* Script writer: 1994-1998
The Young and the Restless (hired by William J. Bell)
* Breakdown writer: 1983 - 1985

## Awards and nominations

Nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 and 2012.
# Dhaka Second Division Cricket League

The Dhaka Second Division Cricket League is a club one-day cricket tournament in Bangladesh. It is the third tier of the Bangladeshi 50 over cricket league system. Administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, it is contested by 24 teams, with the top two teams of two super league groups promoted to the Dhaka First Division Cricket League and replaced by the two lowest-placed teams in that division.

## List of Winners

* 2021–22:
* 2022–23: Gulshan Cricket Club
* 2023–24: Amber Sporting Club
* 2024–25: Baridhara Dazzlers
# 1976 Mauritanian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Mauritania on 8 August 1976, alongside a parliamentary by-election for the new seven seats representing Tiris El Gharbiya, the Mauritanian-occupied area of Western Sahara. At the time, the country was a one-party state with the Mauritanian People's Party (PPM) as the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Moktar Ould Daddah, was the only candidate and was re-elected unopposed. Voter turnout was 97.9%. They were the last elections held until the restoration of multi-party democracy in 1992.
The elections were held during a time when Mauritania along with Morocco held a treaty to partition provinces of Western Sahara during 1975 while independence was fought in the province by Polisario Front. Daddah claimed that the winning the elections was a mandate for annexing the provinces of Western Sahara.

## Background

Mauritania came under the direct control of the French Colonial Empire during 1933. After independence on 28 November 1960, the country declared itself the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, with Ould Daddah becoming its first President. He declared the country a one-party state in 1964, and in 1965 all parties merged into the ruling Mauritanian Assembly Party to form the Mauritanian People's Party (MPP).
Daddah changed his stance from pro-French to nationalist during the early 1970s. He terminated the defense treaty with France in 1972, discontinued the French currency bloc and nationalized French property. He also showed interest in annexing oil rich regions of Western Sahara, which was contested by Morocco and Algeria. A war erupted between Morocco and the Sahrawi national liberation movement, the Polisario Front, which proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) with a government in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Although Daddah initially allied with Algeria in opposing Morocco, during 1974, he realigned his position and is believed to have made a secret agreement with the king of Morocco. This eventually led to an agreement in 1975 that partitioned Spanish Sahara between Mauritania and Morocco.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Moktar Ould Daddah | Mauritanian People's Party | 630,635 | 100.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 630,635 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 630,635 | 99.32 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 4,301 | 0.68 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 634,936 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 648,876 | 97.85 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# Kalas

Kalas may refer to:

## Places

* Kalas, Karnataka, a village in India
* Kalas, Parner, a village in Maharashtra, India
* Madu Kalas, a village in Pakistan
* Uttar Kalas, a town in West Bengal, India
* Kalas, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Galați (Turkish: Kalas), Romania

## Other uses

* Kalas (surname)
* Kalas (band) (formerly Scum Angel), American psychedelic-metal band based in Bay Area
* Kalas, protagonist of the video game Baten Kaitos: Eternal Wings and the Lost Ocean
# Michal Škoda

Michal Škoda (born 1 March 1988 in Prague) is a Czech football. He is younger brother of Milan Škoda.
# Alfredo Bóia

Alfredo Daniel Lopes Bóia (born 28 November 1975) is a former Portuguese football player.

## Club career

He made his Primeira Liga debut for União Leiria on 24 October 1999 in a game against Campomaiorense.

## Honours
### Portugal Under-18

* UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1994
# Alioune Diouf

Alioune Diouf (born 15 November 1966) is a Senegalese wrestler. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# David Jacobs (writer)

David Arnold Jacobs (August 12, 1939 – August 20, 2023) was an American television writer, producer, and director. He is most well known as the creator of the CBS primetime series Dallas, Knots Landing, and Paradise.

## Life and career

David Jacobs was born on August 12, 1939 in Baltimore, Maryland, the elder of two children (with a younger sister named Susan) to Melvin and Ruth Jacobs. His Jewish parents were of modest means, and Jacobs's father worked as a household appliance salesman. Jacobs was educated at Baltimore City College High School, and received a BFA from the Maryland Institute College of Art. Soon after graduation, he moved to New York City, where he worked as an illustrator and researcher for Grolier's Encyclopedia. He soon branched out as a freelance writer of nonfiction articles, the best known of which concerned the architect and inventor Buckminster Fuller. He also wrote a children's book on the great artists of the Renaissance.. In 1975 he co-wrote the non-fiction book "Police, a Precinct at Work", with Sara Ann Friedman. The book was a series of stories based upon 6 months of the authors' ride-alongs with police from NYPD's 24th precinct.
His marriage to actress Lynn Pleshette produced one child, his daughter Albyn, but ended in divorce. Later, he married his second wife Diana, with whom he had two children, Aaron and Molly. Jacobs moved to Los Angeles to be closer to his daughter, and tried his hand at screenwriting. His script for a proposed unnamed pilot mini series was later named Dallas. The mini series was so successful that the show was picked up as an on-going series and cemented his career as a writer and producer.
Jacobs battled Alzheimer's disease in later years. He died of complications from a series of infections at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California, on August 20, 2023. He was 84.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Creator | Writer | Producer | Director |
| 1977 | Kingston: Confidential | | ✓ | | |
| 1977-1978 | Family, season 3 | | ✓ | | |
| 1978-1979 | Dallas, seasons 1-3 | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| 1979 | Kaz | | ✓ | | |
| 1979 | Married: The First Year | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 1979-1993 | Knots Landing | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| 1980 | Secrets of Midland Heights | | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 1982 | Behind the Screen | | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 1982 | Chicago Story | | ✓ | | |
| 1984 | Lace | | | ✓ | |
| 1985 | Berrenger's | | | ✓ | |
| 1986 | Dallas: The Early Years | | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 1988-1991 | Paradise | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| 1991-1993 | Homefront | | | ✓ | |
| 1992-1993 | Bodies of Evidence | | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 1993 | The Knots Landing Block Party | | | ✓ | |
| 1997 | Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac | | | ✓ | |
| 1998 | Four Corners | | | ✓ | |
| 2005 | Knots Landing Reunion: Together Again | | | ✓ | |