OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States five-hundred-dollar bill

The United States five-hundred-dollar bill (US$500) is an obsolete denomination of United States currency. It was printed by the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) beginning in 1861 and ending in 1945. Since 1969, banks are required to send $500 bills to the United States Department of the Treasury for destruction.

## History

The United States five-hundred-dollar bill was printed from 1861 to 1945. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) continued to issue the notes until 1969. The notes did not see much circulation among the public because they were printed to facilitate bank transactions. On July 14, 1969, the United States Department of the Treasury announced that all notes in denominations greater than US$100 would be discontinued. Since 1969, banks are required to send any $500 bill to the Department of the Treasury for destruction.
There were several versions of the note. Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall appears on the obverse of the 1918 five-hundred-dollar bill. The note was a large-size bill measuring 8 cm (3.1 in) x 19 cm (7.5 in). A new small-size 500 bill was issued in 1928 and 1934. The new version featured former president William McKinley's portrait.

### Efforts to reissue

In 2017 American economist Jay Zagorsky suggested that the United States should reissue the $500 bill. He suggested that a disaster could shut down commerce and the high denomination bill could ensure against an economic collapse. In June 2024, Representative Paul Gosar introduced a bill into Congress which would, if passed, require the Treasury to issue $500 bills featuring President Donald Trump.

## Gallery

* United States Treasury Note issued during the Mexican-American War
* 1869 US$500 Legal Tender
* 1882 US$500 gold certificate
* 1918 US$500 featuring John Marshall
# Yana Troyanova

Yana Aleksandrovna Troyanova (Russian: Яна Александровна Троянова; born 12 February 1973) is a Russian theater and film actress, director. Her notable works include Living, Wolfy and Kokoko. She directed the short film Ryadom.

## Biography

Yana Mokritskaya was born in posyolok Lechebnyy [ru] Sverdlovsk Oblast. Before studying at the Ekaterinburg Theater Institute [ru] in the Anisimov studio, she studied at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Ural State University. In her second year at the theater institute, she went to work at the Small Drama Theater "Teatron" [ru]. In 2005-2006 Troyanova worked at the Kolyada Theater [ru].
In 2009 at Kinotavr she won the Best Actress for the movie Wolfy by Sigarev. She was also nominated at White Elephant and Asia Pacific Screen Awards for this role.
In 2012 at Kinotavr she won Best Actress for the movie Kokoko by Dunya Smirnova.
Troyanova made her directorial debut in 2014 at Kinotavr in Short Movie category with her movie Ryadom.

## Personal life

Troyanova was married twice. Her son from the first marriage died in 2011.
From 2003 to 2020, she was married to the playwright and film director Vasily Sigarev.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Original title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Sakhar (based on the poem by Paul Eluard) | Russian: "Сахар" | main role | short film |
| 2009 | Wolfy | Russian: "Волчок" | Mother | |
| 2012 | Living | Russian: "Жить" | Grishka | |
| 2012 | A hundred ways to win at Kinotavr | Russian: "Сто способов победить на Кинотавре" | Yana Troyanova | short film |
| 2012 | Kokoko | Russian: "Кококо" | Vika | |
| 2012 | Celestial Wives of the Meadow Mari | Russian: "Небесные жёны луговых мари" | Orika | |
| 2015 | The Land of Oz | Russian: "Страна ОЗ" | Lenka | |
| 2015 | Rooster | Russian: "Петух" | the Registrar | short film |
| 2016 | Korotche | Russian: "Короче" | main role | |
| 2016 | Olga | Russian: "Ольга" | Olga | television series |
| 2017 | Z | "Z" | Lera | short film |
# Richard George (athlete)

Richard Lloyd George (born May 22, 1953, in Fillmore, Utah) is an American former javelin thrower. He represented the United States at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
George went to Brigham Young University, earning a BA in Economics and Harvard Business School, earning an MBA. A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he played football for the BYU Cougars as a freshman but focused on track and field after returning from his church mission. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, he completed a warm-up throw that would have won second place in the finals, but did not end up qualifying for the finals. In 2012, George became an Honoree in the Utah Sports Hall of Fame.
George served as Vice President of Southern Virginia University and was the CEO of General Resonance LLC and Clene NanoMedicine Inc. His son Andrew also played football for the BYU Cougars and he is the brother-in-law of Ed Red, another Olympic javelin thrower.
# Mendelssohn (crater)

Mendelssohn is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on April 24, 2012. Mendelssohn is named for the German composer Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn.
The floor of Mendelssohn is covered by smooth plains materials which are created by extrusive volcanism.
A confirmed dark spot is present in north-central Mendelssohn, around a crater of 19 km diameter. The crater excavated low reflectance material (LRM). Hollows are present within the crater.
On the east rim of Mendelssohn is the crater Berry.
* Oblique view of Mendelssohn and Kofi craters from MESSENGER's first flyby in January 2008
* Southern rim of Mendelssohn crater
* Mendelssohn crater interior. The crater at top is associated with a dark spot and contains hollows
* Hollows within the crater
# Henry Barraud (artist)

Henry Barraud (16 May 1811 – 17 June 1874) was a British portrait, subject and animal painter.

## Early life

Barraud was born in London, one of 17 children of William Francis Barraud (1783–1833), a clerk in the Custom House, and Sophia (née) Hull. His paternal grandfather was Paul Philip Barraud an eminent chronometer maker in Cornhill, and his maternal grandfather, Thomas Hull, a miniature painter. The family was of French Huguenot origin that had come over to England at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His elder brother William Barraud became a notable animal painter. Another brother, Edward, also had a talent for art, but did not pursue it professionally.
Like his brother, Henry excelled in painting animals, but his works were chiefly portraits, with horses and dogs, and subject pictures, such as 'The Pope blessing the Animals' (painted in 1842), many of which were executed in conjunction with his brother. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1833 to 1859, and at the British Institution and Society of British Artists between the years 1831 and 1868. The two brothers shared a studio from 1835 until William's death in 1850, and in their joint pictures William painted the animals and Henry the figures. They also produced a book entitled "Sketches of Figures and Animals", (H. Graves and Co., c.1850).

## Works

Barraud's most popular works were: "We praise Thee, O God"; "The London Season, a scene in Hyde Park"; "Lord's Cricket Ground"; and "The Lobby of the House of Commons" (painted in 1872), all of which were engraved or autotyped. He was also commissioned to paint several royal portraits.

## Death

Barraud died at his home in Gloucester Place, London on 17 June 1874, in his sixty-fourth year.

## Personal life

His son Francis Barraud (1856–1924) was also an artist—best remembered for his painting of "Nipper" the dog on the "His Master's Voice" entertainment trademark. Another son Herbert Rose Barraud (1845 – c1896) was a noted portrait photographer.
# Peter P. Post House

The Peter P. Post House is an historic home in Woodcliff Lake, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in the 18th century, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983. The Peter P. Post House was added to the register as an example of one of the early stone houses in Bergen County.
# Álex Bermejo

Alejandro "Álex" Bermejo Escribano (born 11 December 1998) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Portuguese club SC Farense.

## Club career

Born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Bermejo finished his formation with RCD Espanyol. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 13 November 2016, starting in a 0–0 Segunda División B away draw against CD Atlético Baleares.
Bermejo scored his first senior goal on 15 January 2017, but in a 1–2 loss at Valencia CF Mestalla. He was regularly used in the following campaigns, suffering relegation in 2017 but achieving promotion in 2018.
On 11 July 2019, Bermejo signed a three-year deal with Segunda División side CD Tenerife. He made his professional debut on 17 August, coming on as a late substitute for Aitor Sanz in a 0–2 away loss against Real Zaragoza.
Bermejo scored his first professional goal on 15 September 2019, netting the opener in a 4–0 away routing of Albacete Balompié. Ten days later, he scored a brace in a 4–1 away success over CD Lugo.
On 21 July 2022, free agent Bermejo signed a one-year contract with Burgos CF also in the second division. On 20 June 2024, he moved abroad for the first time in his career after signing a two-year deal with SC Farense of the Portuguese Primeira Liga.
# Peter Powers House

The Peter Powers House is a historic house on Sunshine Road, just east of Maine State Route 15 in Deer Isle, Maine. This 1+1⁄2-story Cape style house was built in 1785 for Rev. Peter Powers, the first settled minister of the town, and is the oldest surviving house in the town. It is also architecturally distinctive as a rare regional example of a gambrel-roofed Cape. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Description and history

The Powers House is set on the south side of Sunshine Road, just east of its junction with Maine State Route 15 and about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of the central village of Deer Isle. The house is oriented facing south, away from the road and toward a cove that is connected to the island's Southeast Harbor. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a central chimney, gambrel roof, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. It has very plain exterior styling, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows. A second entry was added c. 1960 to the east side in a projecting single-story gambrel-roofed vestibule. The interior is simple but well-preserved, with two rooms on each floor, and original fireplaces.
The First Congregational Church of Deer Isle was organized in 1773, and in 1785 offered its first permanent ministerial position to Peter Powers of Newbury, Vermont. Powers was a prominent Harvard-educated minister who had helped found Dartmouth College in 1769, whose previous parish he had been at odds with over its political leanings toward the British during the recently ended American Revolutionary War. Powers served the community until his death in 1800. The house built for him 1785 is oldest intact house of the period in Deer Isle, and is rare in the state for its use of a gambrel roof, particularly on a Cape style house.
# Askew Institute on Politics and Society

The Askew Institute on Politics and Society at the University of Florida was established in 1994 with the primary goal to examine the critical issues facing the region, and to find a consensus to address these issues.

## History

The Institute was named in honor of the 37th Governor of Florida Reubin Askew. The Askew Institute addresses important issues facing the region in a non-partisan fashion and the topics addressed are placed in the proper historical context.

## Activities

The main event for the institute is an annual statewide meeting intended to promote dialogue between state leaders and citizens about public policy issues facing the state, as well as to gather recommendations on how best to respond to them.
The institute also convenes several smaller meetings across the state, in partnership with agencies such as the State University System of Florida, the Florida Department of Education, and the Institute of Child Health Policy at the University of Florida.
Governor Askew was the convener of all the Annual Meetings, and was assisted by various state, business, and academic leaders throughout the years. The institute partners with three statewide organizations with similar goals: the John Scott Dailey Florida Institute of Government at Florida State University, the Collins Center for Public Policy, and Leadership Florida.

## Mission

This institute tackles three main issues. The first issue is bringing key leaders to the table so that they may discuss the critical issues facing the region. In addition this institute looks heavily into prior precedents so that these leaders will be able to place these issues into the proper context. Lastly this institute serves to assist leaders of the region in meeting the needs of the citizens.
# Ambala Municipal Corporation

Ambala Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Ambala. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Ambala Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

## History and administration

Ambala Municipal Corporation was formed in to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population. Ambala Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.
Ambala Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor Shailja Sachdeva.

## Functions

Ambala Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

## Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.
# NEMA (machine)

In the history of cryptography, the NEMA (NEue MAschine) ("new machine"), also designated the T-D (Tasten-Druecker-Maschine) ("key-stroke machine"), was a 10-wheel rotor machine designed by the Swiss Army during World War II as a replacement for their Enigma machines.

## History

The Swiss became aware that their current machine, a commercial Enigma (the Swiss K), had been broken by both Allied and German cryptanalysts.
A new design was begun between 1941 and 1943 by Captain Arthur Alder, a professor of mathematics at the University of Bern. The team which designed the machine also included Professors Hugo Hadwiger and Heinrich Emil Weber.
In the spring of 1944, the first prototype had become available. After some modifications, the design was accepted in March 1945, and production of 640 machines began the following month by Zellweger AG. The first machine entered service in 1947.
NEMA was declassified on 9 July 1992, and machines were offered for sale to the public on 4 May 1994.
* The NEMA machine was a Swiss rotor machine, designed to replace commercial Enigma machines.
* NEMA uses 10 wheels, of which one is a reflector, four are normal rotors, and the remaining five are "Drive wheels", which control the stepping of the rotors and the reflector.

## The machine

NEMA uses 10 wheels, of which four are normal electrical rotors with 26 contacts at each end that are scramble wired in a way unique to each rotor type; one is an electrical reflector (like the Enigma's Umkehrwalze) with one set of 26 pairwise cross connected contacts; and the remaining five are "drive wheels", with mechanical cams that control the stepping of the rotors and the reflector. The wheels are assembled on an axle in pairs consisting of a drive wheel and an electrical rotor.
* The four rotor pairs and the reflector
* The rotor lodging with the cams and first rotor
* Top view of a NEMA rotor pair. Electrical rotor "F."
* Bottom view of a NEMA rotor pair. Drive rotor "18." Note the three stepping-control cams.
* An Enigma rotor.
* view of the right side of the machine with the port for the removable extra lamp panel
The NEMA machine weighs about 10 kg and measures approximately 36×32×14 cm.
# Chizhik-Pyzhik

"Chizhyk-Pyzhik" (Russian: Чи́жик-Пы́жик) is a Russian comic folk song.

## Text and origin

| Original | Transliteration | Translation |
| Чижик-пыжик, где ты был? На Фонтанке водку пил. Выпил рюмку, выпил две – Закружилось в голове. | Chizhik-Pyzhik, gd$^j$e ty byl? Na fontank$^j$e vodku pil. Vypil r$^j$umku, vypil dv$^j$e – Zakruzhilos$^j$ v golov$^j$e. | – Siskin-piskin, where were you? – On the Fontanka drinking vodka! I drank one glass, I drank two. Then my head began to spin! |
The origin of the song in unclear. According to one urban legend, the rhyme refers to the students of the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, who frequented a pub belonging to the merchant Nefedov on the Fontanka Quay in Saint Petersburg. The school was founded by Duke Peter of Oldenburg in the nearby house number 6. The students of the college wore uniforms with yellow and green colours, which resembled the colours of the bird called siskin (Russian: чиж, romanized: chizh; hypocoristic Russian: чижик, romanized: chizhik, and hats from fur of young reindeer (Russian: пыжик, romanized: pyzhik). Because of that, they were nicknamed Chizhiks-Pyzhiks.

## Melody

    Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.
    From Rappaport 2012.
Its extremely simple melody is suitable for teaching small children to play piano (with a more suitable nursery rhyme text).
Several Russian classical composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev, Isaak Dunayevsky and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, were inspired by "Chizhik-Pyzhik".

## Statue

In 1994 in Saint Petersburg, one of the city's 1990s' yearly festivals of satire and humor Golden Ostap [ru] was held, bearing the name of a most popular main character of the 20 century Russian language Soviet humorous / satirical prose Ostap Bender, an ingenious conman mastermind from two filmed novels by Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov The Twelve Chairs and The Little Golden Calf. The festival attracted leading Russian humorous authors and comedians and marked its presence in the city by public events including installation of pieces of public art. These over the years included the statue of Ostap Bender next to Arts Square, the memorial plaque to The Nose from Nikolai Gogol's eponymous story and the little siskin statue on the Fontanka, the latter suggested by a Saint Petersburg-born writer known since 1960s Andrei Bitov. These moves were supported by the municipal authorities of Saint Petersburg, and a bronze statue of Chizhik-Pyzhik was installed just opposite the former School of Jurisprudence. The statue perches on a ledge in the embankment, in the proximity of the First Engineer Bridge.
The statue was designed by Georgian screenwriter and director Revaz Gabriadze, and it is one of the smallest statues in Saint Petersburg. Its height is 11 centimetres and weighs almost 5 kilograms. The statue was stolen several times; the local museum has reportedly several copies of the statue for replacement.
# Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station

Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: द्वारी खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Naumule, Dailekh District of Nepal. The flow from Dwari River is used to generate 3.75 MW electricity. The gross head is 450.40 m and design flow is 1.58 m$^3$/s. The intake is located 3 km upstream of the confluence of the Dwari Khola and Lohore Khola and the powerhouse 300 meters downstream from the confluence.
The plant is owned and developed by Bhugol Energy Development Company Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2074-01-23BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-02-25 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid at Narayan Nagarpalika and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.
The construction cost of the project was NPR 74 Crore.

## Controversies

The local had sold 5m width of land stretching along the pipeline for construction works, but the project used 15 m without compensation.
# I. C. Norcom High School

I. C. Norcom High School is a public high school in Portsmouth, Virginia. It is administered by Portsmouth City Public Schools. The school colors are maroon and grey, and the mascot is the Greyhounds. The school was named after Israel Charles Norcom, its first supervising principal.
I. C. Norcom High School is at 1801 London Boulevard between the revitalized downtown and the Midtown Tunnel. It was opened September 1997 under the leadership of Walter Taylor. The first graduating class of the new location was the class of 1998, but the first graduating class that attended four years at this school was the class of 2002.
Norcom's football team also won the 1993 state championship, defeating Langley High School 19-0. Norcom's boys basketball team, which won the 2010 and 2011 VSHL State Championship in Division AAA. The Greyhounds won four straight championships from 2014 to 2017, the first two in division 4A, the others in Division 3A.
I. C. Norcom has a well-decorated NJROTC unit. They came in first place in the 2013 Fishbowl parade. They earned top spots in many current competitions and events.

## Notable alumni

* E. J. Josey (1940), African-American activist
* James W. Holley III (1944), former mayor of Portsmouth, Virginia
* Ruth Brown (1945), singer know as the Queen of R&B
* Junius Kellogg (1946), basketball player
* George Moody (1955), college football coach
* Alonzo Short (1957), former director of the Defense Information Systems Agency
* Linda B. Hayden (1967), mathematician
* George Evans (1997), basketball player
* Julius Gregory (2006), football player
* Vernon Macklin (2006), NBA player
* Melvin Gregg (2009), actor
* Darius Theus (2009), basketball player
* Dorian Finney-Smith (2011), NBA player
* Joe Powell (2012), football player
* Travis Fields Jr. (2016), basketball player