OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Woodward

Samuel Woodward (3 October 1790 – 14 January 1838), English geologist and antiquary, was born at Norwich.
He was for the most part self-educated. Apprenticed in 1804 to a manufacturer of camlets and bombazines, a taste for serious study was stimulated by his master, Alderman John Herring and by Joseph John Gurney. Becoming interested in geology and archaeology, he began to form the collection which after his death was purchased for the Norwich museum. In 1820 he obtained a clerkship in Gurney's (afterwards Barclay's) bank at Norwich, and Hudson Gurney and Dawson Turner (of Yarmouth), both fellows of the Royal Society, encouraged his scientific work.
He communicated to the Archaeologia articles on the round church towers of Norfolk, the Roman remains of the country, etc., and other papers on natural history and geology to the Mag. Nat. Hist. and Phil. Mag.
He was author of:
* A Synoptical Table of British Organic Remains (1830), the first work of its kind in Britain
* An Outline of the Geology of Norfolk (1833)
* The Norfolk Topographer's Manual (1842) issued posthumously
* The History and Antiquities of Norwich Castle (1847) issued posthumously
His eldest son, Bernard Bolingbroke Woodward (1816–1869), was librarian and keeper of the prints and drawings at Windsor Castle from 1860 until his death. The second son, Samuel Pickworth Woodward (1821–1865), became in 1845 professor of geology and natural history in the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, and in 1848 was appointed assistant in the department of geology and mineralogy in the British Museum. He was author of A Manual of the Mollusca (in three parts, 1851, 1853 and 1856). Samuel Woodward's youngest son, Henry was also a noted geologist.
See Memoir of S. Woodward (with bibliography) in Trans. Norfolk Nat. Soc. (1879), and of SP Woodward (with portrait and bibliography), Ibid. (1882), by HB Woodward.
# Ortatürk

Ortatürk (lit. 'Middle Turkic') or Öztürkçe (lit. 'Core Turkic') is a pan-Turkic auxiliary language. It is described as an averaged language. It employs a statistical approach to construct a common lexicon.
In 1992, Karimov and Mutalov devised a formula to create an averaged word from the words used in a language family. They demonstrated this for Turkic, Slavonic, Iranian and Romance languages, but it is applicable to any group of related languages.
They used 5 Turkic languages; Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkish and Uzbek. In 2005, they added Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Uyghur languages to the comparison algorithm. The original proposal omitted distant Turkic branches, i.e., the Oghuric, Siberian Turkic or Argu branches.
On 18 March 2008, during 5th Kurultai, the World Assembly of Turkic Peoples decided to found International Institute of the Language Ortaturk (Anatürk). VATN created an online program to calculate median words for Ortatürk. It is a simplified version of Karimov and Mutalov's proposal. It generates words based on the "double majority" principle (by total number of native speakers and by number of languages). It uses data representing 25 Turkic languages with a total of 160 million speakers.
In 2020s, Turkic speakers created an online group on VK to promote Ortatürk amongst Turkic speakers. Later, they changed the project's name to "Öztürkçe". In 2023, V.A. Mireev published "Öztürk Tili" with grammar, dictionary and translations. It has more than 16,000 words in the dictionary section. An online dictionary is created in Glosbe platform with "mis_ort" code.
# Carlos Ramírez MacGregor

Carlos Ramírez MacGregor (3 March 1903 in Maracaibo, Zulia state – 15 March 1975 in Caracas) was a Venezuelan lawyer, politician, newspaperman, and diplomat. He obtained a doctorate in law at the University of Madrid, Spain.
When he returned to his country, Venezuela was still being ruled by the dictator Juan Vicente Gómez. When Gomez died, he was named labor inspector for Zulia state, center of the oil industry, by the government of Eleazar López Contreras. As such, he prepared a report on working conditions that was influential in the substantial betterment of workers' living conditions by the government and the oil companies.
He was congressman seven times spanning a period of over three decades. During his first nomination to Congress, he distinguished himself by defending the economic interests of his state at the time when imports from the USA were restricted because of World War II.
Together with politicians such as Alfredo Tarre Murzi and Arturo Uslar Pietri, he was one of the founders of the Venezuelan Democratic Party (Partido Democratico Venezolano, PDV), created to support the administration of president Isaias Medina Angarita. When this government was overthrown in the Revolution of October 1945, Ramírez MacGregor was briefly jailed by the junta, formed by Accion Democratica party (AD) and military officers, that ruled the country until 1948.
In 1949, Ramírez MacGregor became director of the Maracaibo daily Panorama, a position he held until 1965. He was honored in 1953 with the Maria Moors Cabot prize for Latin American journalists sponsored by the University of Columbia, New York. He also directed the Caracas weekly Momento from 1958 to 1973. In both positions he was a prolific writer of articles on social and political issues. He opposed the dictatorship of Gen. Marcos Pérez Jiménez and he exiled himself starting in 1955.
When democracy was restored to Venezuela in 1958, Ramírez MacGregor returned to politics, but finally resigned to active participation when he refused to back the candidacy of the AD leader Carlos Andrés Pérez. Ramírez MacGregor was ambassador to Belgium, México, Italy, and the UN organisms in Geneva.
Ramírez MacGregor wrote Aspectos de nuestro problema obrero (1937), on labor issues, and Reglamentación del trabajo en el campo (1940), in which he was pioneer advocate of extending labor legislation to farm workers.
# Puah Rakovsky

Puah Rakovsky (Hebrew: פועה רקובסקי; 1865–1955) was a professional educator, Zionist activist and feminist leader. She worked towards upliftment of Jewish women.

## Early life

Rakovsky was born on July 3, 1865, in Bialystok, Poland in a traditionally prosperous Jewish family. Her father Menahem Mendel was a trained rabbi, worked as a commission agent and was seventeen years old at her birth. Her mother was fifteen when Rakovsky was born. She was the oldest child of her parents and had fourteen siblings.

## Personal life

Rakovsky married four times and had three children – two daughters and a son. She moved to Israel in 1935.

## Education

Rakovsky was homeschooled and studied Hebrew, Yiddish and secular subjects. She had to discontinue studies when she was married at the age of 16 to Shlomo Malchin who was ten years older. It was an arranged marriage, which she had initially opposed. She wanted to study to become a midwife, but both her parents and her husband opposed the idea. She eventually persuaded her family to let her study and attained a teaching license.

## Career

Rakovsky took up teaching in 1889. She taught Hebrew in a girls' school in Lomza, Poland. In 1891, she was employed by a Jewish girls' school in Warsaw as a teacher and director. In 1893, she opened a school for girls where Hebrew and Jewish was taught to female students. This school ran until World War I and was of national importance.
In Warsaw, Rakovsky became an active member of the Zionist community. Even with her work on the community, she focused on women and their upliftment. Her extensive work and vocal activism led her to be a popular figure in the country.
In 1920, Rakovsky founded the Jewish Women’s Association (YFA) in Warsaw which came to be known as a national organization for Zionism and feminist by its belief. The association worked towards providing secular and vocational education to Jewish women and to prepare them to be independent.

## Notable work

In 1940–42, her memoirs were published in Hebrew and Yiddish. In her autobiography, she labeled herself a "Radical Jewish Woman".
* Di yidishe froy, Warsaw, 1918;
* Modern day froyen-bavegung, Warsaw, 1928;
* Lo Nikhnati, translated and abridged by David Kalai, Tel Aviv, 1951;
* Puah Rakovsky, P.E. Hyman; trans. B. Harshav (ed.), My Life as a Radical Jewish Woman: Memoirs of a Zionist Feminist in Poland, (2002).
# Alfred Tylor

Alfred Tylor (26 January 1824 – 31 December 1884) was an English geologist.

## Life

He was the second son of Joseph Tylor, brassfounder, by his wife, Harriet Skipper, and elder brother of the anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. His grandfather set up the colliery around which the village of Tylorstown grew in the Rhondda Valley, Wales.
His parents being members of the Society of Friends, he was educated in Quaker schools near London. Although he was interested in science, the early death of his father compelled him to devote himself to his business, which he entered in his sixteenth year. He studied in spare time, attaching himself to St. Bartholomew's Hospital to improve his knowledge of anatomy. He frequently visited the continent, going to Italy, Spain, and Russia, both for business and for scientific purposes with other geologists. During the latter part of his life he lived at Carshalton. He died on 31 December 1884, on his return from a visit to America. In 1850 he married Isabella Harris of Stoke Newington, who survived him with two sons and four daughters; their eldest child was Joseph John Tylor, the engineer and Egyptologist.
Tylor was also a friend of acclaimed Victorian critic, John Ruskin, who valued Tylor's geological skills and enjoyed his company. In 1871 Ruskin enrolled the Tylor family in his project to 'cleanse' a spring and pool of the River Wandel near the Tylors' house, and Isabella Tylor became very active in this project in the coming years. Juliet Tylor became a Companion of Ruskin's Guild of St George.

## Works

Tylor paid attention to recent geological history, the subject of the majority of his thirteen papers. He maintained that the late glacial period was followed by one of exceptional rainfall, for which he proposed the name of pluvial. His major books were:
* On Changes of Sea Level, London, 1853.
* Education and Manufactures, London, 1863, (reprinted from a report connected with the exhibition of 1851, where he was a juror).
* Colouration in Animals and Plants, ed. S. B. J. Skertchly, London, 1886.
# Fulgenzio

Fulgenzio is a male given name. Notable people with this name include:
* Fulgenzio Gallucci (1570–1632), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Fulgenzio Manfredi (c. 1560–1610), Italian Franciscan friar
* Fulgenzio Micanzio (1570–1654), Italian biographer and Servite friar
* Fulgenzio Mondini (fl. 17th-century), Italian Baroque painter
* Fulgenzio Arminio Monforte (1620–1680), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Fulgenzio Vitman (1728–1806), Italian clergyman and botanist
# Gigantoscorpio

Gigantoscorpio willsi is an extinct species of scorpion which lived between 345.0 million and 342.8 million years ago, during the Visean age of the Carboniferous. Its type and only specimen is BMNH In. 42706a,b, In. 42707, which is a 3D body fossil of its exoskeleton found near modern-day United Kingdom. Three other specimens (GSE 2134, GSE 2137 and GSE 2174) were previously referred to this genus, but subsequent analyses disagreed with this referral and reclassified them as indeterminate scorpions. Based on the incomplete holotype, Gigantoscorpio is initially estimated at 36.5 cm (14.4 in) or 28–42 cm (11–17 in) long, but subsequently estimated at 39–44 cm (15–17 in) long.
# Charo Municipality

Charo is a municipality located in the Mexican state of Michoacán. The municipality has an area of 322.50 square kilometres (0.29% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by Tarímbaro and Álvaro Obregón, to the east by Indaparapeo, to the south by Tzitzio, and to the west and southwest by Morelia. The municipality had a population of 19,417 inhabitants according to the 2005 census. Its municipal seat is the city of the same name.
The economy of the municipality is mostly based on ranching and agriculture, with maize, carrots and beans the main crops.
In pre-Hispanic times the area was inhabited by the Matlaltzingas, who were allies of the Purépecha, the dominant force in the region at the time.
A portion of Insurgente José María Morelos y Pavón National Park lies in the municipality.
# NCT Life

NCT Life (Korean: 엔시티 라이프) is a series of Korean variety show featuring South Korean boy band NCT. Currently, it spans eleven different seasons. The title of the show is a portmanteau that combines "NCT Lifestyle" and "City Life".

## Synopsis

Members of the group show off their daily lives, letting audiences see into NCT's promotional activities while traveling.

## Cast

* 1st season: Taeil, Hansol, Johnny, Taeyong, Yuta, Doyoung, Ten, Jaehyun, Mark Lee, Jeno, Haechan, Jaemin, Jisung
* 2nd season: Taeyong, Yuta, Kun, Doyoung, Jaehyun, Winwin
* 3rd season: Taeil, Taeyong, Yuta, Jaehyun, Winwin, Mark, Haechan
* 4th season: Taeil, Taeyong, Yuta, Doyoung, Ten, Jaehyun, Winwin
* 5th season: Jeno, Renjun, Jisung, Chenle
* 6th season: Johnny, Taeyong, Doyoung, Ten, Jaehyun
* 7th season: Taeil, Taeyong, Doyoung, Winwin, Yuta
* 8th season: Johnny, Yuta, Kun, Winwin, Lucas, Mark
* 9th season: Taeil, Johnny, Yuta, Doyoung, Jaehyun, Haechan
* 10th season: Renjun, Jeno, Jaemin, Chenle, Jisung
* 11th season: Taeil, Johnny, Taeyong, Yuta, Doyoung, Jaehyun, Jungwoo, Mark, Haechan

## Season

| Season | Title | Run | Episodes | Description |
| 1 | NCT Life in Bangkok | April 16 - May 2, 2016 | 6 | Focuses on SM Rookies and their journey to debut. |
| 2 | NCT Life in Seoul | May 21 - June 11, 2016 | 7 | Introduces the two new Chinese members Winwin and Kun. Features the members touring around Seoul and completing missions. |
| 3 | NCT Life in Paju | July 16 - August 20, 2016 | 5 | Features the NCT 127 members planning and carrying out leisure activities in Paju. |
| 4 | NCT Life: Korean Food King Challenge | October 22 - November 26, 2016 | 6 | Under the guide of master chef Kwon Woo-jung, the members learn how to make "the top-10 Korean dishes loved by foreigners". A collaboration with Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism to spread Korean culture. |
| 5 | NCT Life: Entertainment Retreat | March 4–19, 2017 | 6 | Features 4 members of NCT Dream on a getaway, along with Super Junior's Leeteuk and Shindong. |
| 6 | NCT Life in Chiangmai | March 25 - April 9, 2017 | 6 | Features members touring Chiangmai, with Ten as a guide. |
| 7 | NCT Life in Osaka | June 14 - July 22, 2017 | 21 | Features 5 members of NCT 127 touring Osaka, with Yuta as a guide. |
| 8 | NCT Life: Hot & Young Seoul Trip | July 23, 2018 - August 17, 2018 | 12 | Features foreign members touring Seoul, with Johnny as a guide. |
| 9 | NCT Life in Chuncheon and Hongcheon | December 9, 2019 - January 17, 2020 | 18 | Features member touring in Chuncheon and Hongcheon to do activities and relaxing |
| 10 | NCT Life: DREAM in Wonderland | July 6, 2020 - August 11, 2020 | 12 | Features 5 NCT Dream members escaping the city to complete missions in order to reach "Wonderland" |
| 11 | NCT Life in Gapyeong | August 30, 2021 | 12 | Features the NCT 127 members. |

## Broadcasting platforms
### Korea

* Naver TV Cast
* V Live
* MBC Music (Season 1-3)
* KBS Joy (Season 7)
* Oksusu
* seezn

### China

* Youku
* Tudou
* Ali Music

### Thailand

* True4U
* LINE TV

### Taiwan

* MTV
# Line 8 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 8 of the Shenzhen Metro (also known as the Yantian line) is an East-West line with 11 stations from Liantang to Xiaomeisha. It opened on 28 October 2020 between Liantang and Yantian Road, with a length of 12.367 km (7.7 mi) and a total of 7 stations. Line 8 is the first line to serve Yantian District. Line 8 merges into Line 2 at Liantang station, with trains on Line 8 continuing service to Chiwan station.
Phase 2 opened on 27 December 2023, which extended the line from Yantian Road to Xiaomeisha.

## Timeline

| Segment | Commencement | Length | Station(s) | Name |
| Liantang — Yantian Road | 28 October 2020 | 12.367 km (7.68 mi) | 7 | Phase 1 |
| Yantian Road — Xiaomeisha | 27 December 2023 | 7.96 km (4.95 mi) | 4 | Phase 2 |

## Service routes

* Chiwan — Xiaomeisha (trains are through service with Line 2 after Liantang)

## Stations

| Service routes | Station name | Station name | Connections | Nearby bus stops | Distance | Distance | Location |
| Service routes | English | Chinese | Connections | Nearby bus stops | Distance | Distance | Location |
| Trains continue to Chiwan station via Line 2 ||||||||
| ● | Liantang | 莲塘 | 2 (through service) | 27 57 113 381 B621 B625 M207 M468 | 0 | 0 | Luohu |
| ● | Wutong Mountain South | 梧桐山南 | | 27 57 69 85 111 113 308 M103 M133 M191 M199 M205 M207 M364 M437 M468 M520 M555 | 1.46 | 1.46 | Luohu |
| ● | Shatoujiao | 沙头角 | | 68 85 308 B619 M199 M205 M437 M520 | 4.32 | 5.78 | Yantian |
| ● | Haishan | 海山 | | 68 85 308 358 308-Fast（358快线）E26 M191 M196 M199 M205 M288 M362 M437 M444 M520 | 1.57 | 7.35 | Yantian |
| ● | Yantian Port West | 盐田港西 | | 68 308 358 308-Fast（358快线）E26 M191 M196 M199 M205 M288 M362 M437 M444 M520 | 1.24 | 8.59 | Yantian |
| ● | Shenwai Senior Campus | 深外高中 | | B925 C4 M348 M444 M465 | 2.68 | 11.27 | Yantian |
| ● | Yantian Road | 盐田路 | | 68 85 358 B676 B925 B927 M205 M205X（M205大站快车）M348 M380 M444 Dameisha-holiday-express-1（大梅沙假日专线1） | 1.41 | 12.68 | Yantian |
| ● | Hong'anwei | 洪安围 | | | 1.10 | 13.78 | Yantian |
| ● | Yantianxu | 盐田墟 | | | 1.14 | 14.92 | Yantian |
| ● | Dameisha | 大梅沙 | | | 3.58 | 18.50 | Yantian |
| ● | Xiaomeisha | 小梅沙 | | | 2.14 | 20.64 | Yantian |

### Phase 3

Phase 3 is under construction. It will extend the line from Xiaomeisha to Xichong and will open in 2025.
| Station name | Station name | Connections | Location |
| English | Chinese | Connections | Location |
| Xichong | 溪涌 | 32 (through service) | Dapeng New District |

## Rolling stock

| Type | Date of manufacture | Series | Sets | Serial number | Assembly | Notes |
| Type A | 2019–2020 | Type A stock | 24 | 258–281[801-824] | Tc+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc | Manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works |
# List of supermarket chains in Bahrain

This is a list of supermarket chains in Bahrain.
Al Awafi Supermarkets, Midway, Carrefour, Lulu Hypermarket, and Mega Mart are a few of the largest supermarket chains currently operating in the country.

## Current supermarket chains

* Al Awafi Supermarkets
* MegaMart Supermarket
* Almuntazah Supermarket
* Al Jazira Supermarket
* Alosra Supermarket
* Carrefour
* Jawad Supermarket
* LastChance
* Le Marché Hypermarket
* LuLu Hypermarket
* Midway Supermarket
* MasterPoint Supermarket
* Nesto Hypermarket
* AlHelli Supermarket
* Al Adil Supermarket
* Magandang Buhay Atin Ito Supermarket- the only Filipino owned supermarket in the Kingdom of Bahrain
# Hope Town, Quebec

Hope Town is a municipality in the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of the province of Quebec in Canada. Despite its name, the place does not have a "town" (ville) status.

## History

In 1768, the first pioneer arrived, a certain Duncan McRae, a soldier of the 78th Fraser Highlanders and native of Dundee in Scotland. His friend and fellow soldier John Ross, who also served in General Wolfe's army, is thought to be the one that attributed the name "Hope" to the place. In 1786, a wave of Loyalists followed and the village was really established.
In 1936, the place separated from Hope Township and was incorporated as the Municipality of Hope East. In 1953, it was renamed to Hope Town.

## Demographics
### Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1941 | 640 | — |
| 1951 | 570 | −10.9% |
| 1956 | 571 | +0.2% |
| 1961 | 486 | −14.9% |
| 1966 | 446 | −8.2% |
| 1971 | 365 | −18.2% |
| 1976 | 355 | −2.7% |
| 1981 | 358 | +0.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1986 | 373 | +4.2% |
| 1991 | 376 | +0.8% |
| 1996 | 371 | −1.3% |
| 2001 | 340 | −8.4% |
| 2006 | 347 | +2.1% |
| 2011 | 344 | −0.9% |
| 2016 | 339 | −1.5% |
| 2021 | 334 | −1.5% |
Source: Statistics Canada :

### Language

Mother tongue (2021):
* English as first language: 56.7%
* French as first language: 38.8%
* English and French as first language: 3.0%
* Other as first language: 1.5%

## Government

List of former mayors:
* Léon Dubé (...–2009)
* Lisa Marie MacWhirter (2009–2013)
* Linda MacWhirter (2013–present)
# Charpai

Charpai (also, Charpaya, Charpoy, Khat, Khatla, Manja, or Manji) is a traditional woven bed used across South Asia. The name charpai is a compound of char "four" and pay "footed". Regional variations are found in Afghanistan and Pakistan, North and Central India, Bihar and Myanmar.
The charpai is a simple design that is easy to construct. It was traditionally made out of a wooden frame and natural-fiber ropes, but modern charpais may have metal frames and plastic tapes. The frame is four strong vertical posts connected by four horizontal members; the design makes the construction self-leveling. Lacing or rope can be made out of cotton, date leaves, and other natural fibers. The open and airy design of the charpai provides ventilation, making it an suitable choice for warm climates. Accordingly, it is mostly used in warm areas: in cold areas, a similar rope bed would be topped (with an insulating palliasse or tick, stuffed with straw, chaff, or down feathers), and possibly hung with curtains.
There are many interpretations of the traditional design, and over the years craftspeople have innovated with the weave patterns and materials used. The weaving is done in many ways, e.g. a diagonal cross (bias) weave, with one end woven short, and laced to the endpiece, for tensioning adjustments (which helps in controlling the sagging of the bed as it ages with use).
In the 1300s, Ibn Battuta described the charpai as having "four conical legs with four crosspieces of wood on which braids of silk or cotton are woven. When one lies down on it, there is no need for anything to make it pliable, for it is pliable of itself."
Recognized for its portability, adapted charpais were used as colonial campaign furniture.

## Construction

* Paaga: the legs of the charpai can be simple or mimic the legs of an animal
* Iss: the long beams of the frame, which is proportionately twice the length of the Upala
* Upala: the short beams of the frame which is kept higher than Iss
* Munj: is the webbing of rope that creates the main surface that the person sleeps on
* Badaan: is the extended area of the rope near the foot which keeps the tension

## History

Its exact provenance of the charpai is unknown. Various versions of it can be found in Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures; however, the simple structured, handmade charpai is indigenous to the Indian Subcontinent. The oldest description of a charpoi in India dates back to the 2nd century BC. Bedsteads are depcited in scenes of the life of Budha. This kind of furniture in the Buddhist time period is referred to as “Manca.” There are four known types of Mancas from ancient times: Masaranka (a longer version), Bundikabaddh (aversion with slots), Kulirapadaka (a version with curved legs) and Achacca Padaka (a version with removable legs).

## Gallery

* A small charpoi in Pakistan, 2019, showing structure
* An 800s European Healing at Bethesda scene
* Charpais as daybeds in Rajasthan. Note diamond weave pattern.
* Refugees from flooding, 2010