OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Ward Porter

James Ward Porter was elected a state representative in Georgia during the Reconstruction era, representing Chatham County. Before becoming a representative he was the owner of a tailor's shop in Savannah. This was unusual, as the laws in Georgia at the time largely prohibited Black people from owning property. He and other African Americans were expelled from the legislature.
# Berar

Berar may refer to:
* Vidarbha, the eastern region of Maharashtra, India, historically known as Berar
* Berar Sultanate (1490–1596), one of the Deccan sultanates
* Berar Subah (1596–1724), a subah (province) of the Mughal Empire
* Berar Province (1724–1903), a province of British India under the nominal sovereignty of Hyderabad State
* Berar Division (1903–1947), a division of the Central Provinces of British India
* Central Provinces and Berar Circuit or C. P.-Berar Circuit, a Hindi film distribution circuit comprising parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra
* Berar (ship), a sailing ship built in 1863
# Margaret of Foix

Margaret of Foix (French: Marguerite de Foix; c. 1449– 15 May 1487) was Duchess of Brittany from 1474 to 1487 by marriage to Duke Francis II.

## Life

She was the daughter of Queen Eleanor of Navarre (1425–1479) and of Gaston IV, Count of Foix (1425–1472).
On 27 June 1471, at the Château de Clisson, she married Francis II, Duke of Brittany (1435–1488), son of Richard of Brittany, Count of Étampes (1395–1438), and Margaret of Orléans, Countess of Vertus (1406–1466). It was Francis's second marriage, his first wife, Margaret of Brittany, having died in 1469.
Margaret of Foix died at the Château de Nantes in Nantes and is interred in the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (French: Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul) beside her husband and Margaret of Brittany, in a magnificent tomb constructed in the early French Renaissance style.

## Issue

* Anne of Brittany (1477–1514), Duchess of Brittany (1488–1514), and twice Queen of France: from 1491 to 1498 as the wife of King Charles VIII of France, and from 1499 to 1514 as the wife of King Louis XII of France.
* Isabeau of Brittany (1478–1490), betrothed to Jean d'Albret in 1481, died young, and was buried in the Rennes Cathedral.
# Apex Magazine

Apex Magazine, also previously known as Apex Digest, is an American horror and science fiction magazine. This subscription webzine, Apex Magazine, contains short fiction, reviews, and interviews. It has been nominated for several awards including the Hugo Award.
After an 8-month hiatus starting in 2019, the magazine returned on January 5, 2020, with issue 121 and transitioned to a bimonthly publication cycle.

## About

The monthly magazine was edited by award-winning author Catherynne M. Valente from issues #15-29, Hugo Award-winning editor, Lynne M. Thomas, from issues #30-55, and Sigrid Ellis, from issues #56-67. The current editor-in-chief is Lesley Conner.
On June 25, 2009, it was announced that a print version of Apex Digest would be returning, this time utilizing print-on-demand technology. Upon return from its 2019 hiatus, Apex resumed digital-only publication.
The magazine promotes a Story of the Year which is voted on by readers and fans of the magazine. It also published poems until 2017.

## Contributing writers

Authors published by Apex have included Neil Gaiman, Poppy Z Brite, Cherie Priest, Eugie Foster, Maurice Broaddus, Ben Bova, William F. Nolan, Sara King, Brian Keene and many others. Featured authors on Apex Online have included Steven Savile, Sara King, David Conyers and Lavie Tidhar.

## Awards and honors

In 2012, the magazine was nominated for a Hugo Award. It was nominated again in 2013 and 2014. Fiction published in Apex has been nominated for the Nebula Award. Poetry published in Apex has been nominated for the Rhysling Award.

## Apex Publications

In 2006 Apex Digest announced a move to book publishing, beginning with the anthology Aegri Somnia (2006), edited by Jason Sizemore and Gill Ainsworth. This book contains original work by the first twelve featured writers of Apex Online.
Apex Publications has since released a number of novels, nonfiction books and anthologies, including short story collections such as Let's Play White by Chesya Burke, anthologies such as Dark Faith edited by Jerry Gordon and Maurice Broaddus, and novels such as An Occupation of Angels by Lavie Tidhar.
# Kreta Ayer Road

Kreta Ayer Road (Chinese: 水车路) is a one-way road located in Chinatown within the Outram Planning Area in Singapore. The road links Neil Road to New Bridge Road and Eu Tong Sen Street, and is intersected by Keong Saik Road.

## Etymology and history

In the early days of Singapore, locals drawn water from a well near Ann Siang Hill and transported them using bullock carts and drove down the street. This led to the area being Kreta Ayer, which means "water cart" in Malay. Similarly, the Hokkiens called the area gu chia chui while the Cantonese call it ngow chay shui (Chinese: 牛車水; Jyutping: ngau4 ce1 seoi2), both meaning "bullock water cart" (the word "road" is elided).
The road was officially named Kreta Ayer Road in 1922.
For the Chinese, the Chinatown area is referred also as tua poh or "greater town" district. In the 1880s, Kreta Ayer was the red light district of Chinatown. The Chinese traveller, Li Zhongjue, observed in 1887 that the street was a place of restaurants, theatres and brothels and where "filth and dirt are hidden".

## Landmarks

Hok San Association (新加坡鶴山會館) has the oldest lion dance troupe in Singapore, it was established in 1920 and located at No. 21 of the shophouses along Kreta Ayer Road.
Chinese Buddhist Association (新加坡中华佛教会) was founded in 1927 and located at No. 23 of the shophouses along Kreta Ayer Road. It was established after the visit of Venerable Tai Xu (太虚法师) to Singapore in 1926, and is the first Buddhist organisation established in Singapore.
# Pal Dodaj

Pal Dodaj (3 September 1880 – 5 February 1951) was an Albanian Catholic priest, teacher, translator and philosoph from Kosovo.

## Biography

He was born in Janjevo, in the Vilayet of Kosovo, baptized with the name Kolë, as the son of Mash and Prenda Paliq. He went to Shkodër as a child to be educated by the Franciscan Fathers. He began his studies at the College of Troshan, while he completed his novitiate and philosophical and theological studies in Florence, Italy. There, on July 19, 1902, he celebrated his First Mass, to immediately return to his homeland. He began his work as a professor of philosophy first in Troshan and then at the "Illyricum" College in Shkodër as a professor of Canon Law and Morals. In the hierarchy of the Order, he was also appointed as Guardian and later, the first Albanian provincial superior of the Albanian Franciscan Province. He turned the Franciscan Assembly of Rubik into a shelter of protection for the persecuted. It is said that one of the refugees was Ahmet Bey Zogolli in his youth. He was arrested by the authorities of the communist regime on November 8, 1946 and sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and he later died in prison.

## Works

He published in the magazine Hylli i Dritës and in many other foreign ones. He was a regular contributor to the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano.
Also about the situation at that time, there is an exchange of more than 200 letters with Gjergj Fishta, where a multitude of topics are discussed.
His main work that he left is his personal diary, parts of which were also published in the temporary Hylli i Dritës after the '90s. The diary is handwritten in Italian and a little Albanian. It is kept in notebooks and notebooks of various formats, starting in 1907 and ending in 1943.
In 1941, in collaboration with Zef Skiroi, he translated the Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit, which was published by the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Rome in 1941.
# Kushinagar district

Kushinagar is a district of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India situated in the easternmost part of the state. It has the administrative headquarters at Ravindra Nagar Dhoos. The district is named such after the town Kushinagar, a Buddhist pilgrimage site where Gautama Buddha attained parinirvana in the 5th century BCE. Since the independence of India, Kushinagar district was a part of Deoria District and came into existence on 13 May 1994 as a separate district division. It was earlier known as Padrauna and thereafter was renamed Kushinagar on 19 June

## Location

Kushinagar District is bounded on the northeast by West Champaran and Gopalganj districts of Bihar, on the south by Deoria District and on the west by Gorakhpur and Maharajganj districts. It is part of Gorakhpur Division.

## Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Kushinagar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

## Transport

The Indian Government has approved a project for the construction of an International Airport which would be completed till 2019. In 2017, Uttar Pradesh Government has approved a project for develop Kushinagar bus station as an International Bus Station. Daily Buses from Gorakhpur to Tamkuhi Road and Gorakhpur to Padrauna through Kasia are available at Railway Station Bus Depot Gorakhpur.
Padrauna, Ramkola, Kaptanganj, Dudahi and Tamkuhi Road are some cities connected with train facility in the district.
On 20 October 2021 the international airport was officially inaugurated during the Abhidhamma Day celebrations in Kushinagar.

## Demographics

Religions in Kushinagar district (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 82.16% | 82.16% |
| Islam | Islam | 17.40% | 17.40% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.44% | 0.44% |
According to the 2011 census Kushinagar district has a population of 3,564,544, roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania or the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 81st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,226 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,180/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.08%. Kushinagar has a sex ratio of 955 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.66%. 4.72% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.27% and 2.25% of the population respectively.
* Bhojpuri (77.67%)
* Hindi (21.79%)
* Others (0.54%)
According to 2011 Census, 77.67% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri and 21.79% Hindi as their first language.
Bhojpuri is the local language of Kushinagar. The Bhojpuri variant of Kaithi is the indigenous script of Bhojpuri language.
# Gunnbjørn Fjeld

Gunnbjørn Fjeld is the highest mountain in Greenland, Denmark, and north of the Arctic Circle. It is a nunatak, a rocky peak protruding through glacial ice. Gunnbjørn Fjeld is ranked 9th by topographic isolation.

## Geography

Gunnbjørn Fjeld is located in the Watkins Range, an area of nunataks on the east coast, which contains several other summits above 3,500 metres. Its height is often given as 3,700 metres (12,139 ft), although figures vary slightly.
This is higher than Snæfellsjökull, 530.2 kilometers away on the west coast of Snæfellsnes on Iceland.
Normal straight light rays do not allow one to simultaneously see Gunnbjørn Fjeld and Snæfellsjökull. However, arctic mirages allow seeing long distances by refracting (bending) the light. This effect is caused by a thermal density gradient in the atmosphere. It has been suggested that mutual visibility may exist under hillingar effect or Arctic mirage conditions.

## History

Gunnbjørn Fjeld was first climbed on 16 August 1935 by Augustine Courtauld, Jack Longland, Ebbe Munck and Lawrence Wager. It is named after Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, the first European to have sighted Greenland.
The peak rises in an uninhabited part of the eastern coast of Greenland. The mountain is climbed infrequently due to its remote location. Access is often done with helicopter or ski-equipped plane (normally from Iceland).
# Attila Aşkar

Attila Aşkar (born September 4, 1943) is a Turkish civil engineer, scientist and former president of the Koç University in Rumelifeneri, Istanbul, Turkey during 2001 and 2009.

## Life

Attila Aşkar was born on September 4, 1943 in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. He is the son of Kemal and Nüzhet Aşkar, and was married to Elsie Vance, the daughter of former Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance on August 30, 1998.

### Education

Aşkar graduated from St. Joseph High School in Istanbul, Turkey in 1961. He received his B.Sc. in Civil Engineering from the Technical University of Istanbul in 1966, and his Ph.D. in applied and computational mathematics founded by A. Cemal Eringen under the supervision of Ahmet Çakmak at Princeton University in the United States in 1969.

### Academic life

He was the head in the department of Mathematics at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey. After losing the Boğaziçi University rectorship elections in Boğaziçi University, he moved to Koç University's İstinye Campus in Istanbul as a professor of Mathematics and the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. Professor Aşkar then was appointed as the president and rector of the Koç University.

#### Visiting positions

He held many visiting research scientist and professor positions at prestigious universities like Brown University, Princeton University, Paris University VI, the Max-Planck Institute in Göttingen, Germany and the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.

#### Research areas

Aşkar's recent research interests included scattering of classical and quantum waves, wavelet analysis and molecular dynamics. He is the author of over eighty research journal articles and two books.

#### Writings

* Lattice Dynamical Foundations of Continuum Theories: Elasticity, Piezoelectricity... (Series in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Vol 2)

#### Memberships

Dr. Aşkar is also on the board of directors at the Center for Excellence in Education, a non-profit organization located in McLean, Virginia.

#### Awards

He received recognitions, which include the Junior Scientist and Science awards of the National Research Council (TÜBİTAK), the Information Age Award of the Ministry of Culture, and entry to the Turkish Academy of Sciences.

## Representative scientific journal publications

* A. Aşkar, A. Çakmak, and H. Rabitz, Nodal structure and global behavior of scattering wave functions, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 5287, DOI: 10.1063/1.439739, (1980)
* M. Duff, H. Rabitz, A. Aşkar, A. Çakmak, and M. Ablowitz, A Comparison Between Finite Element Methods and Spectral Methods as Applied to Bound State Problems, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 1543, DOI: 10.1063/1.439381, (1980)
* A. Aşkar, A. S. Çakmak, and H. Rabitz, Finite Element Methods for Reactive Scattering, Chem. Phys., 33, 367, DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(78)87134-1, (1978)
* H. Rabitz, A. Aşkar, and A. S. Çakmak, The Use of Global Wavefunctions in Scattering Theory, Chem. Phys., 29, 61, DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(78)85061-7, (1978)
# Apparatchik (fanzine)

Apparatchik (APPAЯATCHIK), nicknamed Apak, was a science fiction fanzine by Andrew Hooper, Carl Juarez, and Victor Gonzalez. It was headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The first issue appeared in March 1994. Initially it was published weekly and became bi-weekly with #11. Then, its frequency was switched to tri-weekly with #65. It was a nominee for the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Fanzine. The final, 80th, issue was dated June 20, 1997.
# Patrick T. Price

Patrick T. Price (died 1890) was a state legislator in Arkansas. He represented Lee County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1877 as a Republican. His fellow Lee County representative was Crockett Brown.
His seat was contested by a Mr Wood, but the house resolved that the Price was entitled to the seat. The report of this in the newspaper refers to him as Patrick L. Price.
He was born between 1845 and 1847 and died in 1890. He was also a reverend.
# Sir Robert Gordon, 3rd Baronet

Sir Robert Gordon, 3rd Baronet (1647–1704) was a Scottish courtier and politician.

## Life

Born 7 March 1647, was the eldest son of Sir Ludovick Gordon, 2nd Baronet of Gordonstoun in Drainie, Elginshire, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Sir Robert Farquhar of Mounie in Daviot, Aberdeenshire; his grandfather was Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet. He travelled in continental Europe, learning mechanics and chemistry.
Gordon represented Sutherland in the Scottish Parliament of 1672–74, sat in the convention of 1678, in that of 1681–82, and again in 1685–86. He was knighted in 1673 and succeeded to the baronetcy in September 1685. James II made him a gentleman of his household, and took an interest in his scientific inventions.
On 3 February 1686, Gordon was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. He died in 1704.

## Works and legacy

In April 1687 Gordon communicated to the Royal Society, by the king's command, Receipt to cure Mad Dogs, or Men or Beasts bitten by Mad Dogs (Phil. Trans. xvi. 298). The year after his death his widow erected a mausoleum to his memory on the site of the old church of Ogston, immediately to the east of the mansion of Gordonstoun. An underground chamber at Gordonstoun was shown as his laboratory, and he lived in popular traditions of the neighbourhood as "Sir Robert the warlock".

## Family

Gordon was twice married:
* On 23 February 1676, to Margaret, widow of Alexander Sutherland, 1st Lord Duffus, and daughter of William Forbes, 11th Lord Forbes. She died in April 1677, leaving a daughter.
* To Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir William Dunbar, bart., of Hempriggs, Wick; they had a family of three sons and four daughters. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Sir Robert Gordon, 4th Baronet.
# Collaborative Arts Project 21

Collaborative Arts Project 21, known more commonly as CAP21, is a New York City professional musical theatre training conservatory and off-Broadway theatre company. It has a core faculty with many associate faculty who are also working professionals. The conservatory has produced many Broadway performers, as well as actors in off-Broadway, regional, and international theatre, television, film, and other performance media. Until 2012, it was in partnership with the New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts. In 2014, CAP21 joined forces with Molloy University.

## History

As a producing organization, CAP21 began in 1994. Its productions take place at CAP21 or at venues in New York City and around the United States. Each season, three new works are produced for a two-week “work in progress” run. In addition, CAP21 works in development with 20 new musicals and plays providing public and in-house readings. CAP21's season features diverse productions of new and classic plays and musicals, drawing audiences from the greater New York metropolitan area. Nearly 200 theatre artists are engaged each year to create and present new and classic works.
In 2012, the CAP21 Theatre Company won a GLAAD award for Outstanding New York Theatre: Off and off-off Broadway, for its production of the new musical Southern Comfort. The production starred Jeffrey Kuhn and Natalie Joy Johnson. Some faculty include: Lori Leshner, Lawrence Arancio, Sean Dougherty, Jillian Carucci, and Chris O'Connor, the chair of the program (https://www.molloy.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/molloy-cap21-theatre-arts-program/faculty-profiles).

## Alumni

Well-known performers who have been part of the CAP21 theatre group include Lady Gaga, Alex Brightman, Adam Jacobs, Javier Muñoz, Jason Tam, Ali Stroker, Matthew Morrison, Kristen Bell, Julie Benko, Sosie Bacon, Nichelle Lewis (The Wiz, Hairspray), and Diego Enrico (The Book of Mormon).
# Sheen Kaaf Nizam

Sheen Kaaf Nizam, born in the year 1945 or 1946 in Jodhpur, India, is an Urdu poet and literary scholar. His birth name is Shiv Kishan Bissa. Sheen Kaaf Nizam is his pen name. He has edited many volumes of poets in Devanagari including Deewan-e-Ghalib and Deewan-e-Mir.
In January 2025, he was honored with the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

## Literary career

Nizam has published a number of poetry collections. Listed down are his books.
* Lamhon kee Saleeb
* Dasht mein Dariya
* Naad
* Saya Koi Lamba Na Tha
* Bayazein Kho Gayi Hai
* Gumshuda Dair ki Gunjti Ghantiyan
* Rasta Yeh Kahin Nahin Jaata
* Orr Bhi hai naam raaste ka
* Saayon Ke saaye me
Nizam's poetry collection Gumshuda Dair ki Gunjti Ghantiyan won the 2010 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu.
Nizam compiled an appraisal of the life and works of fellow Rajasthani Urdu poet Makhmoor Saeedi titled Bheed mein akelaa was published by the Rajasthan Urdu Akademi in 2007.
He has edited a book on renowned research scholar “allama kalidas Gupta riza” titled “Ghalibiyat or gupta riza” He has also edited and introduced Morden Urdu poet “meera Ji “ with selection of his poems in Nagri. A selection of Famous Pakistani Urdu poet “munir niyazi” has also been published in Nagri by him.

## Criticism

* ”lafz dar lafz”
* ”mani dar mani”
* ”tazkira massir shoara e Jodhpur”

## Awards

* Padma Shri 2025
# Centre for Cultural Decontamination

The Centre for Cultural Decontamination (Serbian: Центар за културну деконтаминацију, Centar za kulturnu dekontaminaciju) is an independent cultural institution located at 21 Birčaninova Street in Belgrade, Serbia. The centre was established in 1994 as a response to the political and cultural climate in Serbia.
Set in a building that was previously, until 1941, the Veljković Family House's courtyard art pavilion, the centre works against "nationalism, xenophobia, intolerance, hatred and fear." The institute functions as a gallery, community and a professional forum. It was founded by Borka Pavićević, previously a principal of the Yugoslav Drama Theater.

## Criticism

The centre's foreign funding was criticised by journalist Ranko Munitić in 2005, during Serbian political talk show Utisak nedelje on TV channel B92:
   What I was saying was directed at one type of people that I passionately, frankly cannot stand, not them personally, but the job they do, these centers for decontamination, where I ask the question of who has the right to put oneself in the role of some decontaminator, [to decontaminate] let's say me. Here we return to the Bible, who is the one who is allowed to cast a stone? I am and we all are contaminated, but who is the one who considers himself or herself pure enough to decontaminate us others? And then when you look through it a little bit, it turns out that this is quite another matter. It's not about criticizing their community to the world, that's fine, but about ratting their community to the world for big money. That's something I am ready to die fighting against it. My whole life I am fighting against things that I think are not good and that cost me, of course, but it was worth it, but to do any of it for money, for foreign money, I am deliberately saying foreign money, because...you don't go outside [abroad] to clean your own backyard, and if you do go outside [abroad] to clean your own backyard, then cleaning your own backyard wasn't on your mind. Anyway, had I done what was expected from a large part of my profession, the so-called colleagues and so on, had I done what they [decontaminators] almost requested from me, somewhere in '94, '95, '96, and that was to return to Zagreb where I came from, today I would have been welcomed on the red carpet from those ladies and gentlemen who decontaminate this situation. I would have been welcomed as a symbol – here, we are fixing the situation, we are all brothers, we are all this, we are all that. Why – because that is a performance, because that is a show, and based on that performance someone says – "fine, here you go, the reward of $100,000".