# Beltrami County, Minnesota

Beltrami County (/bɛlˈtræmi/ bel-TRAM-ee) is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,228. Its county seat is Bemidji. The county's name comes from Italian adventurer Giacomo Beltrami from Bergamo, who explored the area in 1825. The county was created in 1866 and organized in 1896.
Beltrami County comprises the Bemidji, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Portions of the Leech Lake and Red Lake Indian reservations are in the county. The northernmost portion of the Mississippi River flows through the southern part of the county, through Bemidji. Beltrami, Renville, and Stearns are Minnesota's only counties that abut nine other counties.

## Geography

Beltrami County's southwest corner is considered part of the headwaters of the Mississippi River, which flows easterly and northeasterly from Lake Itasca through the southern part of the county. Much of the middle and upper county is taken up with the two sections of Red Lake. The county terrain consists of rolling low tree-covered hills, dotted with lakes and ponds. The terrain slopes to the east and north. Its highest point is a small hill 1.3 miles (2.1 km) northwest of Wolf Lake, at 1,511 ft (461 m) ASL; otherwise the terrain high point is near its southwest corner, at 1,457 ft (444 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 3,056 square miles (7,920 km$^2$), of which 2,505 square miles (6,490 km$^2$) is land and 551 square miles (1,430 km$^2$) (18%) is water. It is the fourth-largest county in Minnesota by area.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 2
* U.S. Highway 71
* Minnesota State Highway 1
* Minnesota State Highway 72
* Minnesota State Highway 89
* Minnesota State Highway 197

### Adjacent counties

* Lake of the Woods County - north
* Koochiching County - northeast
* Itasca County - east
* Cass County - southeast
* Hubbard County - south
* Clearwater County - southwest
* Pennington County - west
* Marshall County - west
* Roseau County - northwest

### Protected areas

* Bagley Lake State Wildlife Management Area (part)
* Buena Vista State Forest
* Chippewa National Forest (part)
* Lake Bemidji State Park
* Long Lake State Wildlife Management Area
* Mississippi Headwaters State Forest (part)
* Pine Island State Forest (part)
* Red Lake Peatland Scientific and Natural Area (part)
* Three Island Lake County Park

## Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Bemidji have ranged from a low of −4 °F (−20 °C) in January to a high of 79 °F (26 °C) in July, although a record low of −50 °F (−46 °C) was recorded in January 1950 and a record high of 101 °F (38 °C) was recorded in July 1975. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 0.59 inches (15 mm) in February to 4.33 inches (110 mm) in July.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Beltrami County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 32,445 | 70.2% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 519 | 1.12% |
| Native American (NH) | 9,198 | 20% |
| Asian (NH) | 268 | 0.6% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 15 | 0.03% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 2,675 | 5.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,108 | 2.4% |

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 39,650 people, 14,337 households, and 9,749 families in the county. The population density was 15.8 per square mile (6.1/km$^2$). There were 16,989 housing units at an average density of 6.78 per square mile (2.62/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 76.66% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 20.36% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 21.6% were of German, 19.7% Norwegian and 5.6% Swedish ancestry. 95.1% spoke English and 2.4% Ojibwa as their first language.
There were 14,337 households, out of which 34.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.30% were married couples living together, 13.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.13.
The county population contained 28.70% under the age of 18, 13.90% from 18 to 24, 25.20% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,392, and the median income for a family was $40,345. Males had a median income of $30,434 versus $22,045 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,497. About 12.90% of families and 17.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.70% of those under age 18 and 12.20% of those age 65 or over.
Over half the children in the county are born out of wedlock. About a third are born to teenaged mothers. The county has about twice the state average in terms of high school dropouts.

## Crime

Between 1990 and 2005, the county had a suicide rate four times higher than the state. The county exceeds the state and national rates in both violent and property crimes.

## Communities
### Cities

* Bemidji (county seat)
* Blackduck
* Funkley
* Kelliher
* Solway
* Tenstrike
* Turtle River
* Wilton

### Townships

* Alaska Township
* Battle Township
* Bemidji Township
* Benville Township
* Birch Township
* Buzzle Township
* Cormant Township
* Durand Township
* Eckles Township
* Frohn Township
* Grant Valley Township
* Hagali Township
* Hamre Township
* Hines Township
* Hornet Township
* Jones Township
* Kelliher Township
* Lammers Township
* Langor Township
* Lee Township
* Liberty Township
* Maple Ridge Township
* Minnie Township
* Moose Lake Township
* Nebish Township
* Northern Township
* O'Brien Township
* Port Hope Township
* Quiring Township
* Roosevelt Township
* Shooks Township
* Shotley Township
* Spruce Grove Township
* Steenerson Township
* Sugar Bush Township
* Summit Township
* Taylor Township
* Ten Lake Township
* Turtle Lake Township
* Turtle River Township
* Waskish Township
* Woodrow Township

### Unorganized territories

* Brook Lake
* Lower Red Lake
* North Beltrami
* Shotley Brook
* Upper Red Lake

### Census-designated places

* Little Rock
* Ponemah
* Red Lake
* Redby

### Unincorporated communities

* Andrusia
* Aure
* Carmel
* Debs
* Four Town
* Hines
* Jelle
* Pennington
* Pinewood
* Puposky
* Quiring
* Saum
* Secluded Acres
* Shooks
* Waskish
* Werner

## Government and politics

From the New Deal realignment in 1932 through 1996, Beltrami County leaned Democratic, selecting the Democratic nominee in every presidential election save Eisenhower's landslides in 1952 and 1956 and Nixon's in 1972. In 2000, George W. Bush became the first Republican to carry the county since 1972. Bush fell short of a majority, with third parties (particularly Green nominee Ralph Nader) doing well statewide, but his 48.5% vote share was higher than any Republican's from 1964 to 1996 save Nixon in 1972 and Reagan in 1984. Beltrami returned to the Democratic column in the next three elections, but in 2016, Donald Trump became the second Republican since 1972 to carry the county, winning a bare majority; in 2020, he won it again with a slightly higher percentage, but the margin of victory shrank due to the decrease in vote share for third party candidates.
United States presidential election results for Beltrami County, Minnesota :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 12,898 | 51.85% | 11,493 | 46.20% | 483 | 1.94% |
| 2020 | 12,188 | 50.39% | 11,426 | 47.24% | 575 | 2.38% |
| 2016 | 10,783 | 50.00% | 8,688 | 40.29% | 2,093 | 9.71% |
| 2012 | 9,637 | 43.70% | 11,818 | 53.59% | 596 | 2.70% |
| 2008 | 9,762 | 43.90% | 12,019 | 54.05% | 455 | 2.05% |
| 2004 | 10,237 | 48.45% | 10,592 | 50.13% | 302 | 1.43% |
| 2000 | 8,346 | 48.48% | 7,301 | 42.41% | 1,570 | 9.12% |
| 1996 | 5,806 | 36.64% | 8,006 | 50.52% | 2,036 | 12.85% |
| 1992 | 5,204 | 32.55% | 7,210 | 45.10% | 3,573 | 22.35% |
| 1988 | 6,652 | 46.26% | 7,566 | 52.61% | 162 | 1.13% |
| 1984 | 7,414 | 49.43% | 7,481 | 49.88% | 103 | 0.69% |
| 1980 | 6,481 | 41.71% | 7,432 | 47.83% | 1,624 | 10.45% |
| 1976 | 5,214 | 39.25% | 7,540 | 56.76% | 531 | 4.00% |
| 1972 | 5,947 | 52.20% | 5,194 | 45.59% | 252 | 2.21% |
| 1968 | 3,912 | 40.90% | 5,034 | 52.63% | 619 | 6.47% |
| 1964 | 3,184 | 34.74% | 5,967 | 65.10% | 15 | 0.16% |
| 1960 | 4,482 | 48.95% | 4,653 | 50.81% | 22 | 0.24% |
| 1956 | 3,974 | 50.97% | 3,807 | 48.83% | 16 | 0.21% |
| 1952 | 4,817 | 53.75% | 4,092 | 45.66% | 53 | 0.59% |
| 1948 | 3,126 | 32.63% | 6,020 | 62.84% | 434 | 4.53% |
| 1944 | 2,705 | 32.76% | 5,490 | 66.50% | 61 | 0.74% |
| 1940 | 3,511 | 32.77% | 7,036 | 65.68% | 166 | 1.55% |
| 1936 | 2,182 | 24.36% | 6,507 | 72.65% | 268 | 2.99% |
| 1932 | 2,318 | 32.10% | 4,386 | 60.73% | 518 | 7.17% |
| 1928 | 4,062 | 62.28% | 2,221 | 34.05% | 239 | 3.66% |
| 1924 | 2,960 | 46.22% | 323 | 5.04% | 3,121 | 48.74% |
| 1920 | 4,518 | 61.26% | 1,427 | 19.35% | 1,430 | 19.39% |
| 1916 | 1,331 | 33.04% | 1,912 | 47.47% | 785 | 19.49% |
| 1912 | 490 | 16.20% | 790 | 26.12% | 1,745 | 57.69% |
| 1908 | 1,882 | 63.39% | 648 | 21.83% | 439 | 14.79% |
| 1904 | 1,953 | 82.37% | 234 | 9.87% | 184 | 7.76% |
| 1900 | 1,339 | 62.05% | 767 | 35.54% | 52 | 2.41% |
| 1896 | 202 | 47.98% | 213 | 50.59% | 6 | 1.43% |
| 1892 | 57 | 44.88% | 44 | 34.65% | 26 | 20.47% |
On January 7, 2020, in response to Trump's executive order, the Beltrami County Board of Commissioners voted to prohibit refugees from resettling in the area.
County Board of Commissioners :
| Position | Name | District |
| Commissioner | Craig Gaasvig | District 1 |
| Commissioner | Joe Gould | District 2 |
| Commissioner | Scott Winger | District 3 |
| Commissioner | Tim Sumner | District 4 |
| Commissioner | John Carlson | District 5 |
State Legislature (2023-2025) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| Senate | Steve Green | Republican | District 2 |
| House of Representatives | Matt Grossell | Republican | District 2A |
| House of Representatives | Matt Bliss | Republican | District 2B |
U.S Congress (2023-2025) :
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District |
| House of Representatives | Pete Stauber | Republican | 8th |
| Senate | Amy Klobuchar | Democratic | N/A |
| Senate | Tina Smith | Democratic | N/A |

## Education

School districts include:
* Bemidji Public School District
* Blackduck Public School District
* Cass Lake-Bena Public Schools
* Kelliher Public School District
* Red Lake Public School District
* Grygla Public School District