# Children in Need

BBC Children in Need is the BBC's UK charity for disadvantaged children and young people in the UK. Between 1980 and 2023, it raised over £1 billion for them.
An annual telethon is held in November and televised on BBC One and BBC Two. Pudsey Bear has been BBC Children in Need's mascot since 1985, whilst Sir Terry Wogan was its long-standing host for 35 years. A prominent annual event in British television, Children in Need is one of two high-profile British telethons. It is the only charity belonging to the BBC, the other telethon being Red Nose Day, supporting Comic Relief.
Following the closure of the BBC Television Centre, the telethon broadcasts took place at the BBC Elstree Centre from 2013 to 2020. The telethon previously lasted for up to 7 hours, but since 2020, it has been reduced to a 3-hour programme from 7pm to 10pm. In relation to the event having content designed for family viewing, the watershed is delayed until 11:30pm.
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the telethon was reduced to a singular programme with only four presenters: Mel Giedroyc, Alex Scott, Chris Ramsey and Stephen Mangan. As of November 2021, the annual telethon takes place at Dock10, MediaCityUK in Salford. In October 2023 it was reported that for the first time in Children in Need history, the BBC's 2023 appeal broadcast would have its first child co-presenter, with children's TV star and upcoming Doctor Who actor Lenny Rush taking on the role.

## History
### Earlier BBC appeals

The BBC's first broadcast charity appeal took place in 1927, in the form of a five-minute radio broadcast on Christmas Day. It raised about £1,342, which was donated to four children's charities.
The first televised appeal took place in 1955 and was called the Children's Hour Christmas Appeal, with the yellow glove puppet Sooty Bear and Harry Corbett fronting it. The Christmas Day Appeals continued on TV and radio until 1979. During that time a total of £625,836 was raised. Terry Wogan first appeared during this five-minute appeal in 1978 and again in 1979. Sometimes cartoon characters such as Peter Pan and Tom and Jerry were used.

### BBC Children in Need

In 1980, the first Children in Need telethon was broadcast. It was a series of short segments linking the evening's programming instead of the usual continuity. It was devoted to raising money exclusively destined for charities working with children in the United Kingdom. The new format, presented by Terry Wogan, Sue Lawley and Esther Rantzen, saw a dramatic increase in public donations: £1 million was raised that year.
The format was developed throughout the 1980s to the point where the telethon segments grew longer, and the regular programming diminished, eventually being dropped altogether in 1984 in favor of a single continuous program. This format has expanded to include additional events broadcast on radio and online. As a regular presenter, Wogan had become firmly associated with the annual event, continuing to host it until 2014. The following year, he began to experience ill health, from which he passed away in 2016.
In 1988, BBC Children in Need became a registered charity (number 802052) in England and Wales, followed by registration in Scotland (SC039557) in 2008. In 2020, it attended a Formula One Race with Mclaren F1 Team to help support Children in Need in Turkey.
Since 2016, the chief executive has been Simon Antrobus.

### Sponsorships

Asda has been a part of the Children in Need charity. Other sponsorships include McDonald's, One Stop, Greggs, Enterprise, Welcome Break (which includes WHSmith, Waitrose, Subway, Burger King, Pret a Manger, Starbucks and Harry Ramsden's), and Cineworld additionally joined the Children in Need charity. The 2025 Sidemen Charity Match, held at Wembley Stadium, will be raising money for Children in Need.

## Sir Terry Wogan Fundraiser of the Year Award

An award called the Sir Terry Wogan Fundraiser of the Year has been presented since 2016 to someone who has gone above and beyond to help raise money for Children in Need. The award was set up by Wogan's family and was presented by Terry's son, Mark, at the 2016 telethon in memory of the late Sir Terry Wogan. Joanna Lumley awarded it to Ellie and Abbie Holloway during the 2017 telethon. In 2021 Michael Ball presented the award to Amy Wright.
| Year | Winner |
| 2016 | Lauchlan Muir |
| 2017 | Ellie and Abbie Holloway |
| 2018 | Keeley Browse |
| 2019 | Austin and Esther Atkins |
| 2020 | Brian Pitt |
| 2021 | Amy Wright |
| 2022 | Aileen Kane |

## Telethon
### Acts

The telethon features performances from many top singers and groups, with many celebrities also appearing on the 6+1⁄2-hour-long programme performing various activities such as sketches or musical numbers. Featured celebrities often include those from programmes on rival network ITV, including some appearing in-character, or from the sets of their own programmes. A performance by BBC newsreaders became an annual fixture. Stars of newly opened West End musicals regularly perform a number from their show later in the evening after "curtain call" in their respective theatres.

### Broadcast

The BBC devotes the entire night's programming on its flagship channel BBC One to the Children in Need telethon, with the exception of 35 minutes at 10 o'clock. simultaneously, BBC News at Ten, Weather and Regional News airs, and activity continues on BBC Two with special programming, such as Mastermind Children in Need, which is a form of Celebrity Mastermind, with four celebrities answering questions on a chosen subject and on general knowledge.
Before the telethon itself, the BBC has broadcast Children in Need specials including DIY SOS The Big Build, Bargain Hunt, The One Show, in which hosts Matt Baker and Alex Jones did a rickshaw challenge and a celebrity version of Pointless. In which Pudsey assists hosts Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman.
Unlike the other BBC charity telethon Comic Relief, Children in Need relies substantially on the BBC regions for input into the telethon night. The BBC English regions all have around 5–8-minute round-ups every hour during the telethon. This does not interrupt the schedule of items shown from BBC Television Centre as the presenters usually hand over to the regions, giving those in the main network studio a short break.
BBC Scotland, BBC Cymru Wales and BBC Northern Ireland opted out of the network schedule with a considerable amount of local fundraising news and activities from their broadcast area. Usually they went over to the network broadcast at various times of the night, and usually they showed some network items later than when the English regions saw them. This was to give the BBC nations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland a much larger slot than the BBC English regions because the "nations" comprise a distinct audience of the BBC. Usually BBC Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland handed back to network coverage from around 1:00 am on the telethon night. For the 2010 appeal this changed, with Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales deciding not to have their usual opt-outs and instead following the English regions' pattern of having updates every hour.

### Children in Need Choir

Since 2011, one of the acts is a choir where over 1000 children come together in the studio and in around 8-10 locations across the UK and sing one song live in unison from the various locations.

### Overview

| No. | Broadcast date | Broadcast total | Total raised | Main presenter | Co-presenters | BBC One rating (millions) |
| 1 | 21 November 1980 | — | £1,200,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Lawley Esther Rantzen | — |
| 2 | 20 November 1981 | £508,625 | £1,008,697 | Sir Terry Wogan | Esther Rantzen | — |
| 3 | 26 November 1982 | £603,440 | £1,050,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gloria Hunniford Fran Morrison | — |
| 4 | 25 November 1983 | £839,429 | £1,158,737 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gloria Hunniford Fran Morrison | — |
| 5 | 23 November 1984 | £1,459,283 | £2,264,398 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Joanna Lumley | — |
| 6 | 22 November 1985 | £2,431,085 | £4,476,780 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook John Craven Joanna Lumley | — |
| 7 | 21 November 1986 | £5,264,655 | £8,687,607 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Joanna Lumley | — |
| 8 | 27 November 1987 | £8,735,657 | £13,916,326 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook | — |
| 9 | 18 November 1988 | £13,099,246 | £17,563,458 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Joanna Lumley | — |
| 10 | 17 November 1989 | £17,213,664 | £21,671,931 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook | — |
| 11 | 23 November 1990 | £17,547,227 | £20,921,929 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Dave Benson Phillips | — |
| 12 | 22 November 1991 | £17,182,724 | £20,819,508 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Andi Peters | — |
| 13 | 20 November 1992 | £11,549,490 | £16,700,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Andi Peters | — |
| 14 | 26 November 1993 | £12,386,866 | £17,300,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Andi Peters | — |
| 15 | 25 November 1994 | £12,012,524 | — | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Andi Peters | — |
| 16 | 24 November 1995 | £11,843,385 | — | Sir Terry Wogan | Sue Cook Gaby Roslin | — |
| 17 | 22 November 1996 | £11,847,168 | £18,700,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | — |
| 18 | 21 November 1997 | £12,034,235 | £20,900,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | — |
| 19 | 20 November 1998 | £11,380,888 | £17,900,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | — |
| 20 | 26 November 1999 | £11,639,053 | £16,700,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 6.61 |
| 21 | 17 November 2000 | £12,244,764 | £20,000,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 6.8 |
| 22 | 16 November 2001 | £12,895,853 | £25,900,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 7.12 |
| 23 | 15 November 2002 | £13,501,375 | £26,200,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 7.56 |
| 24 | 21 November 2003 | £15,305,212 | £31,400,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 10.49 |
| 25 | 19 November 2004 | £17,156,175 | £34,200,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Gaby Roslin | 8.48 |
| 26 | 18 November 2005 | £17,235,256 | £33,200,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Natasha Kaplinsky Matt Allwright | 9.07 |
| 27 | 17 November 2006 | £18,300,392 | £33,600,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Natasha Kaplinsky Chris Moyles | 7.72 |
| 28 | 16 November 2007 | £19,089,771 | £37,500,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton | 9.56 |
| 29 | 14 November 2008 | £20,991,216 | £38,500,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Alesha Dixon | 9.83 |
| 30 | 20 November 2009 | £20,309,747 | £40,200,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Tess Daly Alesha Dixon Peter Andre | 10.08 |
| 31 | 19 November 2010 | £18,098,199 | £36,600,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Peter Andre | 9.36 |
| 32 | 18 November 2011 | £26,332,334 | £46,100,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Alesha Dixon | 10.01 |
| 33 | 16 November 2012 | £26,757,446 | £43,300,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Nick Grimshaw | 8.22 |
| 34 | 15 November 2013 | £31,124,896 | £49,600,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Nick Grimshaw Zoe Ball Shane Richie | 9.99 |
| 35 | 14 November 2014 | £32,620,469 | £49,100,000 | Sir Terry Wogan | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Nick Grimshaw Rochelle Humes Shane Richie | 8.54 |
| 36 | 13 November 2015 | £37,100,687 | £55,000,000 | Dermot O'Leary | Fearne Cotton Tess Daly Nick Grimshaw Rochelle Humes Shane Richie | 7.95 |
| 37 | 18 November 2016 | £46,624,259 | £60,000,000 | Tess Daly | Rochelle Humes Greg James Graham Norton Ade Adepitan Marvin Humes Russell Kane | 6.60 |
| 38 | 17 November 2017 | £50,168,562 | £60,750,000 | Tess Daly | Rochelle Humes Graham Norton Ade Adepitan Marvin Humes Mel Giedroyc Matt Edmondson | 7.12 |
| 39 | 16 November 2018 | £50,595,053 | £62,072,000 | Tess Daly | Graham Norton Mel Giedroyc Rochelle Humes Marvin Humes Ade Adepitan Rob Beckett | 6.44 |
| 40 | 15 November 2019 | £47,886,382 | £57,346,000 | Tess Daly | Graham Norton Mel Giedroyc Rochelle Humes Marvin Humes Ade Adepitan Tom Allen | 6.13 |
| 41 | 13 November 2020 | £37,032,789 | £63,443,000 | Mel Giedroyc | Alex Scott Chris Ramsey Stephen Mangan | 5.12 |
| 42 | 19 November 2021 | £39,389,048 | £50,991,355 | Mel Giedroyc | Ade Adepitan Graham Norton Chris Ramsey Alex Scott | 4.56 |
| 43 | 18 November 2022 | £35,273,167 | £43,400,000 | Mel Giedroyc | Ade Adepitan Jason Manford Chris Ramsey Alex Scott | 3.96 |
| 44 | 17 November 2023 | £33,513,325 | £46,200,000 | Mel Giedroyc | Ade Adepitan Jason Manford Chris Ramsey Alex Scott Lenny Rush | 3.77 |
| 45 | 15 November 2024 | £39,210,850 | TBA | Mel Giedroyc | Ade Adepitan Vernon Kay Chris Ramsey Rochelle Humes Lenny Rush | 3.88 |
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Outside broadcast presenter.

### Children in Need Rocks

| Year | Date | Broadcast date | Location | Organised by | Presenters | BBC One rating (millions) |
| 2009 | 12 November 2009 | 19 November 2009 | Royal Albert Hall | Gary Barlow | Chris Moyles Fearne Cotton Sir Terry Wogan | 6.50 |
| 2011 | 17 November 2011 | 17 November 2011 | Manchester Arena | Gary Barlow | Chris Moyles Fearne Cotton David Tennant | 4.50 |
| 2013 | 12–13 November 2013 | 14 November 2013 | Hammersmith Apollo | Gary Barlow | Fearne Cotton Chris Evans | 4.41 |
| 2015 | 8 October 2015 | 12 November 2015 | The SSE Arena, Wembley | BBC Studios | Sir Tom Jones Rob Brydon | TBC |
| 2016 | 1 November 2016 | 14 November 2016 | Royal Albert Hall | BBC Studios | Fearne Cotton Greg James | TBC |
| 2017 | 19 October 2017 | 13 November 2017 | The SSE Arena, Wembley | BBC Studios | Fearne Cotton Sara Cox Roman Kemp (backstage) | TBC |
| 2018 | 7 November 2018 | 15 November 2018 | The SSE Arena, Wembley | BBC Studios | Fearne Cotton Clara Amfo | TBC |

## Pudsey Bear

The mascot fronting the Children in Need appeal is called Pudsey Bear. He was created and named in 1985 by BBC graphic designer Joanna Lane, who worked in the BBC's design department. Asked to revamp the logo, with a brief to improve the charity's image, Lane said "It was like a lightbulb moment for me. We were bouncing ideas off each other and I latched on to this idea of a teddy bear. I immediately realised there was a huge potential for a mascot beyond the 2D logo". The bear was named after her hometown of Pudsey, West Yorkshire, where her grandfather was mayor.
A reproduction of the bear mascot (made of vegetation) is in Pudsey park, near the town centre. Originally introduced for the 1985 appeal, Pudsey Bear was created as a triangular shaped logo, depicting a yellow-orange teddy bear with a red bandana tied over one eye. The bandana had a pattern of small black triangles. The mouth of the bear depicted a sad expression. The lettering "BBC" appeared as 3 circular black buttons running vertically down the front of the bear, one capital letter on each, in white. Perpendicular to the buttons, the words "children-in-need" appeared in all lower case letters along the base of the triangular outline. Accessibility for young readers, and people with disabilities including speech and reading challenges, were factors weighed by the designer Joanna Ball, specifically the "P" sound in "Pudsey" name, and the choice of all lower case sans serif letters for the logotype.
The original design was adapted for various applications for use in the 1985 appeal, both 2D graphics and three-dimensional objects. Items using the original 1985 design included a filmed opening title sequence, using cartoon cell animation, a postage stamp, and a prototype soft toy, commissioned from a film and TV prop maker (citation). The original prototype soft toy was orange and reflected the design of the logo, which was then adapted for approximately 12 identical bears, one for each regional BBC Television Studio. These bears were numbered and tagged with the official logo and auctioned off as part of the appeal. The number 1 Pudsey Bear was allocated to the Leeds region. Joanna Lumley appeared with one of the soft toys during the opening of Blackpool Illuminations and named Pudsey Bear the official mascot of the BBC Children in Need appeal.
In 1986, the logo was redesigned. Whilst retaining the concept of a teddy bear with a bandana over one eye, all other elements were changed. Specifically, the triangular elements of the underlying design were abandoned, and the corporate identity colour scheme was changed. The new bandana design was white with red spots, one of the buttons was removed and the logotype now appeared as building blocks, which spelled out "BBC CHILDREN IN NEED" in capital letters. Pudsey now had a smiling expression on his face rather than a sad one in the previous logo.
In 2007, Pudsey and the logo were redesigned again. This time, Pudsey's bandana had multicoloured spots, and all of the buttons were removed. By 2009, Pudsey had been joined by another bear, a brown female bear named "Blush". She had a spotty bow with the pattern similar to Pudsey's bandana pattern. In 2013, Moshi Monsters introduced Pudsey as an in-game item for 100 Rox.
The Children in Need 2015 campaign on 13 November 2015 marked the thirtieth birthday of Pudsey Bear, who has been the charity's mascot since 1985.
In 2022, as part of the corporate BBC rebrand, the logo was completely redesigned. The phrase "CHILDREN IN NEED" in capital letters appeared in a modified rounded version of BBC Reith Sans Bold, and Pudsey Bear was removed as part of the logo. Despite this, Pudsey Bear remained in use as a mascot and was also given a redesign which involved making the multicoloured spots on his bandana larger and adding multicoloured spots onto the soles of his now white feet.

## Official singles

| Year | Artist(s) | Song(s) | UK Singles Chart |
| 1980–1984 | None Applicable | None Applicable | None Applicable |
| 1985 | Clannad | "Almost Seems (Too Late to Turn)" | 80 |
| 1986 | The County Line | "Heroes" | DNC |
| 1986 | Ray Moore | "O' My Father Had A Rabbit" | 24 |
| 1987 | Ray Moore | "Bog Eyed Jog" | 61 |
| 1988 | Spirit of Play with Paul McCartney | "Children in Need" | 72 |
| 1989 | BBC Children in Need Choir | "If You Want To Help" | 78 |
| 1989 | Bruno Brookes and Liz Kershaw featuring Jive Bunny and Londonbeat | "It Takes Two" | 53 |
| 1990 | Bruno and Liz and the Radio 1 DJ Possee | "Let's Dance" | 54 |
| 1991–1994 | None Applicable | None Applicable | None Applicable |
| 1995 | Patsy Palmer and Sid Owen | "You Better Believe It (Children in Need)" | 60 |
| 1996 | Red Hill Children | "When Children Rule The World" | 40 |
| 1997 | Lou Reed and Various Artists | "Perfect Day" | 1 |
| 1998 | Denise van Outen and Johnny Vaughan featuring Steps | "Especially for You" | 3 |
| 1999 | Martine McCutcheon | "Love Me"/"Talking in Your Sleep" | 6 |
| 2000 | S Club 7 | "Never Had a Dream Come True" | 1 |
| 2001 | S Club 7 | "Have You Ever" | 1 |
| 2002 | Will Young | "Don't Let Me Down" / "You and I" | 2 |
| 2003 | Shane Richie | "I'm Your Man" | 2 |
| 2004 | Girls Aloud | "I'll Stand by You" | 1 |
| 2005 | Liberty X | "A Night to Remember" | 6 |
| 2006 | Emma Bunton | "Downtown" | 3 |
| 2007 | Spice Girls | "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)" | 11 |
| 2008 | McFly | "Do Ya/Stay with Me" | 18 |
| 2009 | Peter Kay's Animated All Star Band | "The Official BBC Children in Need Medley" | 1 |
| 2010 | JLS | "Love You More" | 1 |
| 2011 | The Collective | "Teardrop" | 24 |
| 2012 | Girls Aloud | "Something New" | 2 |
| 2013 | Ellie Goulding | "How Long Will I Love You" | 3 |
| 2014 | Gareth Malone's All Star Choir | "Wake Me Up" | 1 |
| 2015 | Jess Glynne | "Take Me Home" | 6 |
| 2016 | Craig David | "All We Needed" | 42 |
| 2017 | Katie Melua | "Fields of Gold" | 29 |
| 2018 | Jamie Cullum | "Love Is In The Picture" | DNC |
| 2019 | Jodie Whittaker | "Yellow" | DNC |
| 2020 | BBC Radio 2 Allstars | "Stop Crying Your Heart Out" | 7 |
| 2021 | Niall Horan and Anne-Marie | "Everywhere" | 23 |
| 2022–2023 | None Applicable | None Applicable | None Applicable |
| 2024 | Girls Aloud | "I'll Stand by You" (Sarah's Version) | DNC |
Notes:
    ^1 The Collective includes Gary Barlow, Tulisa Contostavlos, Wretch 32, Ed Sheeran, Ms. Dynamite, Chipmunk, Mz Bratt, Dot Rotten, Labrinth, Rizzle Kicks and Tinchy Stryder.
    ^2 The All Star Choir includes Linda Robson, Jo Brand, Mel Giedroyc, Larry Lamb, Craig Revel Horwood, Alison Steadman, Alice Levine, John Craven, Fabrice Muamba, Margaret Alphonsi, Radzi Chinyanganya and Nitin Ganatra
    ^3 BBC Radio 2's Allstars consists of Bryan Adams, Izzy Bizu, Cher, Clean Bandit, Melanie C, Jamie Cullum, Ella Eyre, Paloma Faith, Rebecca Ferguson, Jess Glynne, Sheku Kanneh-Mason, Lenny Kravitz, KSI, Lauv, Ava Max, Kylie Minogue, James Morrison, Gregory Porter, Nile Rodgers, Jack Savoretti, Jay Sean, Anoushka Shankar, Robbie Williams and Yola

## Criticism

In November 2006, Intelligent Giving published an article about Children in Need, which attracted wide attention across the British media. The article, titled "Four Things Wrong with Pudsey", described donations to Children in Need as a "lazy and inefficient way of giving" and pointed out that, as a grant-giving charity, Children in Need would use donations to pay two sets of administration costs. It also described the quality of some of its public reporting as "shambolic".
In 2007, it was reported that presenter Terry Wogan had been receiving an annual honorarium since 1980 (amounting to £9,065 in 2005). This made him the only celebrity paid for his participation in Children in Need. According to Wogan's account, he would "quite happily do it for nothing" and had "never asked for a fee". The BBC stated that the amount, which was paid from BBC resources rather than from the Children in Need charity fund, had "never been negotiated", having instead increased in line with inflation. Two days before the 2007 event, Wogan waived his fee.
There has been concern about the type of groups receiving funding from Children in Need. Writing in The Spectator, Ross Clark noted that funding goes towards controversial groups such as Women in Prison, which campaigns against jailing female criminals. Another charity highlighted was the Children's Legal Centre, which provided funding for Shabina Begum to sue her school as she wanted to wear the jilbāb. Clark pondered whether donors seeing cancer victims on screen would appreciate "that a slice of their donation would be going into the pockets of Cherie Blair to help a teenage girl sue her school over her refusal to wear a school uniform".
A former BBC governor said that Jimmy Savile was kept away from Children in Need. Sir Roger Jones who was also chairman of the charity said he had suspicions about Savile a decade before the news of Savile's sexual abuse scandal came to public light in 2012. His comments came on the day an inquiry began into whether the BBC's child protection and whistle-blowing policies were acceptable.
During November 2024, Rosie Millard stepped down as Chair of BBC Children in Need after protesting over grants awarded to an LGBT youth charity whose former chief had been involved in a child abuse scandal.