# Phasianinae

The Phasianinae (Horsfield, 1821) are a subfamily of the pheasant family (Phasianidae) of landfowl, the order Galliformes. The subfamily includes true pheasants, tragopans, grouse, turkey and similar birds. Although this subfamily was considered monophyletic and separated from the partridges, francolins, and Old World quails (Perdicinae) until the early 1990s, molecular phylogenies have shown that this placement is paraphyletic. For example, some partridges (genus Perdix) are more closely affiliated to pheasants, whereas Old World quails and partridges from the genus Alectoris are closer to junglefowls. There are two clades in the Phasianinae: the erectile clade and the non-erectile clade, referring to erectile tissue in the non-feathered parts of the face. Both clades are believed to have diverged during the early Oligocene, about 30 million years ago.
The Phasianinae are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments, such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young. They typically eat seeds and some insects.

## Genera in taxonomic order

This list is ordered to show presumed relationships between species. Tribes and subfamily names are based on the 4th edition of the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Genera without a tribe are considered to belong to tribe incertae sedis.

### "Erectile clade"

| Tribe | Genera |
| incertae sedis | Lerwa (snow partridge) |
| incertae sedis | Ithaginis (blood pheasant) |
| Lophophorini | Tragopan (tragopans) Tetraophasis (monal-partridges) Lophophorus (monals) |
| incertae sedis | Pucrasia (koklass pheasant) |
| Tetraonini | Meleagris (turkeys) Bonasa (ruffed grouse) Tetrastes (hazel grouse) Centrocercus (sage-grouse) Dendragapus (blue grouse) Tympanuchus (prairie-chickens and sharp-tailed grouse) Lagopus (ptarmigans) Falcipennis (Siberian grouse) Canachites (spruce grouse) Tetrao (capercaillies) Lyrurus (black grouse) |
| incertae sedis | Rhizothera (long-billed partridges) |
| incertae sedis | Perdix (true partridges) |
| Phasianini | Syrmaticus (long-tailed pheasants) Chrysolophus (ruffed pheasants) Phasianus (true pheasants) Catreus (cheer pheasant) Crossoptilon (eared pheasants) Lophura (gallopheasants) |

### "Non-erectile clade"

| Tribe | Genera |
| Pavonini | Rheinardia (crested arguses) Argusianus (great argus) Afropavo (African peafowl) Pavo (Asiatic peafowl) |
| incertae sedis | Polyplectron (peacock-pheasants) |
| incertae sedis | Haematortyx (crimson-headed partridge) |
| incertae sedis | Tropicoperdix |
| incertae sedis | Galloperdix (Asian spurfowl) |
| Gallini | Bambusicola (bamboo partridges) Gallus (junglefowl, including the domestic chicken) Peliperdix (Latham's francolin) Ortygornis Francolinus Campocolinus Scleroptila |
| Coturnicini | Tetraogallus (snowcocks) Ammoperdix (see-see and sand partridges) Synoicus Margaroperdix (Madagascar partridge) Coturnix (typical Old World quails) Alectoris (rock partridges) Perdicula (bush-quails) Ophrysia (Himalayan quail) Pternistis (partridge-francolins; African spurfowls) |