OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of flag bearers for Pakistan at the Olympics

This is a list of individuals who have been the flag bearers for Pakistan at the Olympic Games opening ceremony over the years.
| # | Event year | Season | Flag bearer | Sport |
| 1 | 1948 | Summer | Ahmed Zahur Khan | Athletics |
| 2 | 1952 | Summer | Niaz Khan | Field hockey |
| 3 | 1956 | Summer | Abdul Hamid | Field hockey |
| 4 | 1960 | Summer | Muhammad Iqbal | Athletics |
| 5 | 1964 | Summer | Manzoor Hussain Atif | Field hockey |
| 6 | 1968 | Summer | Tariq Aziz | Field hockey |
| 7 | 1972 | Summer | Mohammad Asad Malik | Field hockey |
| 8 | 1976 | Summer | Abdul Rashid Jr | Field hockey |
| 9 | 1984 | Summer | Manzoor Hussain | Field hockey |
| 10 | 1988 | Summer | Nasir Ali | Field hockey |
| 11 | 1992 | Summer | Shahbaz Ahmed | Field hockey |
| 12 | 1996 | Summer | Mansoor Ahmed | Field hockey |
| 13 | 2000 | Summer | Ahmed Alam | Field hockey |
| 14 | 2004 | Summer | Muhammad Nadeem | Field hockey |
| 15 | 2008 | Summer | Zeeshan Ashraf | Field hockey |
| 16 | 2010 | Winter | Muhammad Abbas | Alpine skiing |
| 17 | 2012 | Summer | Sohail Abbas | Field hockey |
| 18 | 2014 | Winter | Muhammad Karim | Alpine skiing |
| 19 | 2016 | Summer | Shah Hussain Shah | Judo |
| 20 | 2018 | Winter | Muhammad Karim | Alpine skiing |
| 21 | 2020 | Summer | Muhammad Khalil Akhtar | Shooting |
| 21 | 2020 | Summer | Mahoor Shahzad | Badminton |
| 22 | 2022 | Winter | Muhammad Karim | Alpine skiing |
| 23 | 2024 | Summer | Jehanara Nabi | Swimming |
| 23 | 2024 | Summer | Arshad Nadeem | Athletics |
# Macdonald Block Complex

The Macdonald Block Complex is a set of office buildings in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that houses 12 cabinet ministers, 15 Ontario government ministries (as of 2016) and the largest concentration of Ontario public servants. Its address is 900 Bay Street, and is located just east of Queen's Park.

## Layout

The complex consists of four towers:
* The Ferguson Block: A 14-storey building that was completed in 1969, designed in the International Style by Shore Tilbe Henschel Irwin Architects and Engineers (now Shore Tilbe Irwin + Partners). The building is named for former premier George H. Ferguson, and is located at 77 Wellesley Street West.
* The Hearst Block is home to Ontario's provincial Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, and Ministry of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure. The building is named for former Premier William Howard Hearst. It is ten storeys high. Designed by same firm as the Ferguson Block.
* The Hepburn Block is home to various ministries, including the Ministry of Community and Social Services and the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The 14-storey building is named for former Ontario Premier Mitchell Hepburn. Designed by same firm as the Ferguson Block in 1969.
* The Mowat Block is 24 storeys high and is named after the third Premier of Ontario, Sir Oliver Mowat. Designed by same firm as the Ferguson Block in 1969.
* The Macdonald Block is named after the first premier of Ontario, Sir John Sandfield Macdonald. It was completed in 1968 (along with the Hepburn Block), and is located at 900 Bay Street. This block is a podium that connects the four towers along the first two storeys of each and has a bridge to the first floor of Whitney Block from its second storey. It is designed by the same firm as the Ferguson Block.

## History

The massive construction site for the Macdonald Block was the filming location for Buster Keaton's last film, "The Reporter", an industrial safety short that was released under the title The Scribe.
In July 2016, the Government of Ontario announced an eight-year reconstruction project of the entire complex. Adamson Associates Architects served as the planning, design and compliance architect for the project, which was substantially completed in 2024.

## Nearby government buildings

Other government buildings nearby include:
* Whitney Block
* Ontario Power Building
* Frost Building
# Shannon Dunn-Downing

Shannon Dunn-Downing (born November 26, 1972) is an American snowboarder and Olympic medalist. She received a bronze medal in the halfpipe event at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, becoming the first American woman to win a medal in snowboarding. She finished 5th at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. She won a gold medal at the first Winter X Games in California 1997, and again in 2001.

## History

Dunn-Downing started snowboarding in 1988 in Steamboat Springs, CO where she grew up, and began competing in the early 1990s.
She was the first woman to land several difficult halfpipe tricks in competition, including a frontside 540 in 1991, backside 540 in 1994, McTwist in 1994, frontside 720 in 1995, and frontside rodeo 720 in 2001.
In the mid-2000s Dunn-Downing retired from professional snowboarding.

## Results

* 1st Place '02 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Mammoth Mountain, CA (Dec.16)
* 1st Place '02 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Mammoth Mountain, CA (Dec.13)
* 5th Place '02 Olympic Winter Games Halfpipe, Park City, UT
* 1st Place '01 Winter X Games Halfpipe, Mount Snow, VT
* 2nd Place '01 Winter X Games Slopestyle, Mount Snow, VT
* 2nd Place '01 US Open Halfpipe, Stratton Mountain, VT
* 1st Place '00 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Northstart at Tahoe, CA
* 1st Place '00 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Breckenridge Mountain Resort, CO
* 1st Place '00 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Mammoth Mountain, CA
* 2nd Place '00 Nippon Open Halfpipe, Hakuba, Japan
* 2nd Place '00 US Open Halfpipe, Stratton Mountain, VT
* 1st Place '99 FIS World Cup Halfpipe, Mount Bachelor, OR
* 2nd Place '99 Winter X Games Halfpipe, Crested Butte, CO
* 1st Place '99 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Mount Bachelor, OR
* 1st Place '99 USSA Grand Prix Halfpipe, Copper Mountain, CO
* 1st Place '99 Nippon Open Halfpipe, Hokkaido, Japan
* 3rd Place '99 US Open Halfpipe, Stratton Mountain, VT
* 1st Place '99 USSA Super Prix Halfpipe and Overall, Okemo Mountain, VT
* Bronze Medalist '98 Olympic Winter Games, Halfpipe, Yamanouchi Mountain, Nagano, Japan
* 1st Place '97 Winter X Games Halfpipe, Crested Butte, CO
* 1st Place '94 US Open Halfpipe, Stratton Mountain, VT
* 1st Place '93 US Open Halfpipe, Stratton Mountain, VT
* 2-time ISF World Halfpipe Champion
# 2016 in Asia

This is a list of events in Asia in 2016.

## Events
### January

* January 1–2 killed in suicide bombing in Kabul, Afghanistan.
* January 6 - January 2016 North Korean nuclear test
* January 16 - 2016 Taiwanese presidential election

### February

* February 6 - 2016 Taiwan earthquake
* February 17 - an attack in Ankara, Turkey caused at least 28 deaths.
* February 26 - 2016 Iranian legislative election

### March

* March 4 - an attack in Aden caused at least 16 deaths.
* March 13–37 killed in an attack in Ankara.
* March 20
** 2016 Kazakhstani legislative election
** 2016 Laotian parliamentary election
* March 31 - an attack in Diyarbakir kills seven police officers

### April

* April 13 - 2016 South Korean legislative election
* April 14 and 16 - 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
* April 20 - Boungnang Vorachit is elected President of Laos; Thongloun Sisoulith appointed Prime Minister of Laos.

### May

* May 6 - opening of the seventh Congress of the party of labor of Korea.
* May 9 - 2016 Philippine general election
* May 22
** 2016 Tajikistani constitutional referendum
** 2016 Vietnamese legislative election
* May 24 - Binali Yıldırım was appointed Prime Minister of Turkey.
* May 26 and 27 - 42nd G7 summit

### June

* June 29 - 2016 Mongolian legislative election

### July

* July 10 - 2016 Japanese House of Councillors election
* July 15 - 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
* July 26 - Sagamihara stabbings
* July 31 - Yuriko Koike is the first woman elected Governor of Tokyo.

### August

* August 7 - 2016 Thai constitutional referendum
* August 11 and 12 - bombings in Hua Hin, Surat Thani, Phuket and Trang.
* August 20 - more than 50 killed in a bombing in Gaziantep.
* August 26 - bombing to Cizre against the police.
* August 29 - an attack in Aden caused at least 71 dead.

### September

* September 4 - 2016 Hong Kong legislative election
* September 7 and 8 - the 28th ASEAN Summit in Vientiane, Laos.
* September 9 - fifth nuclear test in North Korea.
* September 20 - 2016 Jordanian general election

### October

* October 13 - death of Bhumibol Adulyadejas, King of Thailand, known as the reign of Rama IX.

### November

* November 26 - 2016 Kuwaiti general election

### December

* December 1 - prince Vajiralongkorn is proclaimed King under the name of Rama X.
* December 4 - 2016 Uzbekistani presidential election
* December 11 - 2016 Kyrgyzstani constitutional referendum
* December 17 - a Kayseri attack caused at least 14 deaths.
* December 19 - the Ambassador of Russia Andrei Karlov was assassinated in Ankara.
* December 20 - the Eurasia under the Bosphorus tunnel is opened in Istanbul.
# I Think

"I Think" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper and producer Tyler, the Creator, released as the third track from his fifth studio album Igor (2019). The song features additional vocals from American singer Solange, as well as background vocals from singers Ryan Beatty, Anthony Evans, Amanda Brown and Tiffany Stevenson.
The song was recorded in Lake Como, Italy.

## Composition

In the song, Tyler, the Creator questions his feelings and a relationship he has, stating: "I don't know where I'm going / But I know what I'm showing / Feelings, that's what I'm pouring / What the fuck is your motive?" The song also begins to reveal the signs of Tyler's unhealthy attachment to his love interest, commenting: "I'm your puppet, you are Jim Henson" Henson being the founder of the Muppets franchise. He also makes a reference to the novel turned film Call Me by Your Name ("Man, I wish you would call me / By your name cause I'm sorry").
The song takes heavy inspiration from Nigerian funk records. Both the chord progression and the chorus ("I think I'm falling in love / This time I think it's for real") are derived from the 1982 song "Special Lady" by Bibi Mascel. The drum loop is sampled from the 1982 Nkono Teles song "Get Down."

## Music video

A music video for the song was released on October 24, 2019. Directed by Tyler, the Creator (under his alias Wolf Haley), the video is about two minutes long. It opens in a bathroom, where a group of people are playing dice and a couple comes out of a stall. Tyler, wearing a pastel "color-block" suit, blonde wig and shades, observes himself in the mirror. He is shoved out of the bathroom by dice players. After brushing himself off, he chases after someone of his affection, moving through a crowd at a dance party. Eventually, Tyler gives up and goes for taking pictures. Kendall Jenner makes a cameo, as one of the attendees posing for pictures. Wyatt and Fletcher Shears of the Garden also make an appearance as people having their photo taken. Tyler becomes lonely, until the man he was looking for comes and taps him on the shoulder. Tyler looks up, and the video ends.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 30 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 51 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 28 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 30 |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) | 6 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 30 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 51 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 22 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Nehme

Nehme (Arabic: نعمة), also spelled Naameh, Nima, or Naama, is an Arabic word meaning "blessing" or "grace", and may refer to:

## People

* Nehme (given name), an Arabic given name
* Nehme (surname), a Lebanese surname

## Other uses

* Haret en Naameh, a Lebanese town
* Naameh, Iran, an Iranian village
* Nehmeh (company), a Qatari company
# AIRMET

An AIRMET, or Airmen's Meteorological Information, is a concise description of weather phenomena that are occurring or may occur (forecast) along an air route that may affect aircraft safety. Compared to SIGMETs, AIRMETs cover less severe weather: moderate turbulence and icing, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or more, or widespread restricted visibility. Today, according to the advancement of technology in civil aviation, the AIRMET is sent as IWXXM model.

## Types

AIRMETs are broadcast on the ATIS at ATC facilities, and are referred to as Weather Advisories. AIRMETs are valid for six hours. NOTE: The definition has changed and no longer says "light aircraft"; AIRMETs are intended for all aircraft.
There are three types of AIRMET, all identified by a phonetic letter: S (Sierra), T (Tango), and Z (Zulu).
* AIRMET SIERRA (Mountain obscuration or IFR) ceilings less than 1000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles affecting over 50% of the area at one time; extensive mountain obscuration
* AIRMET TANGO (Turbulence) moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or greater, and/or non convective low−level wind shear.
* AIRMET ZULU (Icing) Moderate icing and provides freezing level heights.
For an authority to issue an AIRMET, applicable conditions must be widespread. "Widespread" means that the applicable area covers at least 3000 square miles. Because conditions across the forecast period can move across the area, it is possible that only a small portion of the area is affected at any time. AIRMETs are routinely issued for six-hour periods beginning at 0145Z during Daylight Saving Time and at 0245Z during Standard Time. AIRMETS are also amended as necessary due to changing weather conditions or issuance/cancellation of a SIGMET.

## Dissemination and structure

Most AIRMET dissemination is done in the XML-based Graphical AIRMET (G-AIRMET) format, but some computer systems use the legacy text-based Traditional Alphanumerical Code (TAC). This is identical in structure to a SIGMET, with the only difference being that the SIGMET identifier in the First Line is replaced by the three type identifiers listed above.
The TAC AIRMET is being retired, and only G-AIRMETs will be disseminated for the continental US starting on or about January 27, 2025.
# Call Your Friends

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rock Hard | 8.5/10 |
Call Your Friends is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Zebrahead released in Japan on August 7, 2013 and worldwide on August 13 and 16, 2013 respectively. The album is available in five different covers, each available in a specific region.
Long-time guitarist Greg Bergdorf departed before album's production and at the start of writing the album. He was replaced by Dan Palmer of Death by Stereo.

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format |
| Japan | August 7, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Canada | August 13, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Europe | August 13, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| South America | August 13, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| United States | August 13, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Australia | August 16, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Austria | August 16, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Germany | August 16, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Switzerland | August 16, 2013 | CD, digital download |
| Worldwide | August 16, 2013 | CD, digital download |
# Bogdanovdol

Bogdanovdol is a village in Southern Bulgaria, in Pernik Municipality, Pernik Province. Аccording to the 2020 Bulgarian census, Bogdanovdol has a population of 569 people with a permanent address registration in the settlement.

## Geography

Bogdanovdol village is in Southern Bulgaria. The major part of the village's eastern area is occupied by agricultural lands. Near the southern part of the land area of the village, the main road between Breznik and Tran passes. There is also a river that passes through the territory – Konska Reka.
The elevation in the village varies between 600 and 900 meters with an average of 700 meters. The climate of the village is continental. It lies on the borders of the Balkan Mountains.
There is a very well-developed vegetable production, and fruit growing in the village.

## Culture

The village's first mention dates back to the Middle Ages. The name of the village originates from the legend that the first person who settled in the area bore the name of Bogdan, thus Bogdanovdol.

## Ethnicity

According to the Bulgarian population census in 2011.
| | Number | Percentage(in %) |
| Total | 486 | 100.00 |
| Bulgarians | 481 | 98.97 |
| Turks | 5 | 1 |
| Romani | 0 | 0 |
| Others | 0 | 0 |
| Do not define themselves | 4 | 0.8 |
| Unanswered | 1 | 0.02 |
# Rafael Sorkin

Rafael Dolnick Sorkin (born c. 1945) is an American physicist. He is professor emeritus of physics at Syracuse University and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is best known as the initiator and main proponent of the causal sets approach to quantum gravity. He is also known for introducing entanglement entropy with collaborators, as a source for black hole entropy.

## Biography

Sorkin grew up in Chicago, Illinois, and was educated at the New Trier Township High School (valedictorian, 1963), Harvard University (A.B., Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, 1966), and California Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1974). He is the son of the American violinist Leonard Sorkin.

## Research interests

Sorkin believes that the successful solution of quantum gravity will involve both a reevaluation of gravity in terms of a discrete structure underlying continuous spacetime, and also a reformulation of quantum mechanics. He also hypothesises that the phenomena of topology change and the thermodynamics of the black hole structure provide important clues to the formation of the final synthesis. In this framework he has examined the quantum properties of topological geons (particles created directly from the spacetime topology). His findings include that the topological geons can exhibit remarkable statistical properties. He also discovered evidence that topology change is a required feature of any consistent quantum gravity theory. He has hunted the origin of a black hole's entropy to discover more about how it relates to the synthesis of quantum mechanics and the theory of general relativity.
He also introduced anhomomorphic logic, a new interpretation of quantum theory.
# Wólka, Krasnystaw County

Wólka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żółkiewka, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Żółkiewka, 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw, and 43 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Hamu al-Qadu Mosque

The Hamu al-Qadu Mosque (Arabic: جامع حمو القدو) was a historic mosque located in the city of Mosul, Iraq, that dated back to the Ottoman-era. The mosque also contains a tomb of a local mystic, named Shaykh Ala' al-Din, whose tomb is located in the basement. The tomb was a location for ziyarat by locals every Thursday and Friday prior to its destruction in March 2014 by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

## History

The mosque was first established in 1880 by wealthy merchant who resided in Mosul named Hajji Abdullah Chalabi, who was nicknamed "Hamu al-Qadu" which became the mosque's name. Previously, he demolished a smaller mosque to build the new mosque on top of it, while preserving a basement that contained the tomb of a Muslim mystic named Shaykh Ala' al-Din. The Hajji would fund the construction of the mosque and establish a madrasa that taught religious and rational sciences.
The complex was located next to al-Maidan Souk of the city. The madrasa had a small library that had a total of 33 books that students could read from. The most distinguished part of the mosque became its minaret which was built on top of a decorated dome, which was built on top of a decorated arched dome.

### 2014 demolition

On March 2014, the historic mosque was blown up by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, because of the tomb in its basement.

### 2022 reconstruction
## Features

The minaret of the mosque was distinguished for being built directly on top of the dome. The dome of the mosque is double layered and made out of brick. A water fountain was also present at the entrance of the mosque. In the basement of the mosque is the tomb of Shaykh Ala' al-Din.
# P. Sripal Reddy

Pingili Sripal Reddy is an Indian politician from Telangana. He was elected as a member in the Telangana Legislative Council election from Warangal-Khammam-Nalgonda Teacher's constituency on 3 March 2025.

## Political career

Sripal Reddy contested election from Warangal-Khammam-Nalgonda Teacher's constituency as Progressive Recognised Teacher’s Union Telangana State (PRTU) candidate and defeated his nearest rival UTF candidate Alugubelli Narsi Reddy.
# September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing

vteWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) :
On 11 September 2018, a suicide bomber detonated explosives in a crowd of protesters in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad, killing 68 people and injuring over 150 others.

## Perpetrators

Nobody immediately claimed responsibility for the bombing, with the Taliban denying any involvement. Government officials suspected ISIL-KP to be involved, due to an increase in activity by the group in the months prior to the bombing.

## Responses

The United Nations condemned the attack and expressed their deepest condolences to the victims, urging Afghan officials "to combat by all means, threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts".