OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Puente Sanpayo

The Battle of Puente Sanpayo or Battle of San Payo (Galician: Ponte Sampaio) took place at Ponte Sampaio, Pontevedra, between 7–9 June 1809 during the Peninsular War.

## Background

The Spanish campaign in early 1809 started with the Battle of Uclés.

## Battle

The Spanish forces commanded by Colonel Pablo Morillo plus forces of the English army defeated the French forces of Marshall Michel Ney. Ney and his forces were forced to retreat and the French offensive to re-capture the cities of Pontevedra and Vigo was a failure. The battle marked the final evacuation of Galicia by the French army and the creation of a new front.

## Aftermath

The Spanish campaign in early 1809 proceeded with the French advance in Catalonia in the Battle of Valls.
# Abu Waheeb

Shaker Wahib al-Fahdawi (1986 – May 6, 2016), better known as Abu Waheeb ("Father of Waheeb"; Arabic: ابو وهيب), was an Iraqi militant jihadist who was the leader of the Islamic State in Anbar, Iraq. He was killed with three others in a United States-led coalition airstrike in May 2016, according to the US Department of Defense.

## Biography

Fahdawi was born in 1986. In 2006, while studying computer science at the University of Anbar, he was arrested by US forces on charges of belonging to Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Following his arrest, Fahdawi was detained by US forces at the Camp Bucca detention facility in southern Iraq until 2009, when he was sentenced to death and moved to Tikrit Central Prison in the Saladin Governorate.
Fahdawi was one of 110 detainees who escaped the prison in 2012, following an attack on the prison by forces from the Islamic State of Iraq leading to a subsequent riot within the prison. He had learnt from the senior ISI leaders he had been imprisoned with, and he became a field commander in Anbar Province after his release. Iraqi officials blamed him for a long list of terror-related offences and put a $50,000 bounty on him.
He killed three Syrian Alawite truck drivers in western Iraq in the summer of 2013.
By 2014, Fahdawi was playing an important role in leading combat operations of the group, now known as the Islamic State, in Anbar Province.

## Death

On May 6, 2016, the Pentagon said Abu Waheeb was killed along with three others in a vehicle by a US airstrike near Rutba.

## Orlando nightclub shooting

According to transcripts, Omar Mateen, the perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting, said that the attack was a response to the killing of Abu Waheeb. Mateen stated his attack was "triggered" by a May 6, 2016 U.S. bombing strike that killed Abu Waheeb. Mateen's words were: "That's what triggered it, OK? They should have not bombed and killed Abu [Waheeb]."
# Gameness

Game or gameness is a trait most often attributed to fighting dogs, working terriers, and fighting cocks that are selectively bred, referring to their ability to persevere in a fight even when losing. Dogs that demonstrate this trait can also be described as "ready and willing", "full of fight", "spirited", or "plucky", and are able to resist mental and physical challenges in order to win a fight. Gameness contrasts with prey drive insofar as gameness refers to a dog's motivation to fight other dogs, and prey drive refers to a dog's motivation to hunt prey.
The factors that produce gameness are not well understood. Though the selective pressures involved in breeding dogs for dogfighting appear to be a significant component of gameness, dogfighters disagree about the importance of genetics to the trait. While dogs that exhibit a high degree of gameness are more prone to have offspring who are also game, the inheritance of the trait is not consistent.

## Dog fighting breeds

In dog fighting pitbulls bred for gameness are valued as the ability to not quit, despite injury, dehydration, exhaustion or broken bones. As one writer describes it, "Game is the dog that won't quit fighting, the dog that'll die in the ring, the dog that'll fight with two broken legs." The scope and method of training to develop a game dog varies dramatically depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. Most "gamebred" dogs have a high pain threshold.

## Working terriers

Pertaining to working terriers and other small hunting dogs, earthdog trials are used to determine the dog's gameness in hunting dangerous pest species underground. The American Working Terrier Association currently offers a Certificate of Gameness (CG) title which is more of a basic prey drive test. All working terriers, including but not limited to: Bedlington Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Dandie Dinmont Terrier, Fox Terrier, Glen of Imaal Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Patterdale Terrier, Plummer Terrier, Rat Terrier, Scotch Terrier, Sealyham Terrier and Skye Terrier display gameness.
# E. Ingraham Company

The E. Ingraham Company was one of the premier American clock and watch manufacturers during the 19th and 20th centuries. Headquartered in Bristol, Connecticut, the firm was founded in 1831 by Elias Ingraham and controlled by members of the Ingraham family until 1956.

## History

Elias Ingraham (1805–1885) opened his own shop in Bristol in 1831 as a cabinetmaker and designer of clock cases. While on a voyage to Caracas, Venezuela in the 1840s, Elias designed the four-column Sharp Gothic steeple clock, which was widely copied by other clock makers and sold so extensively around the world that it is believed to have been the best-seller of any distinctively American design for clocks. Elias died at his summer home on Martha’s Vineyard in August 1885. By this time, the E. Ingraham Company operated five factories and employed more than 500 people who manufactured 250,000 clocks annually.
Edward Ingraham I, the only child of Elias and his wife Julia Hale Sparks, succeeded his father as president of the E. Ingraham Company from 1885 to 1892. He was a pioneer in the American clock industry and conceived the idea of the black enameled wood cases which for years were the standard finish for high grade mantle clocks. When Edward died in 1892, his three sons assumed management of the firm: Walter A. Ingraham as president; Irving E. Ingraham as vice-president; and William S. Ingraham as secretary and treasurer. By this time, the company was engaged exclusively in the manufacture of eight-day wooden case pendulum clocks and nickel alarm clocks. In 1913 the company began producing wrist watches, followed by eight day alarm clocks in 1915.
Following Walter's retirement in 1927, management continued with William's sons Edward Ingraham II (president from 1927-1954) and Dudley Ingraham (president from 1954-1956).
During World War II, the company temporarily ceased manufacturing clocks and began producing mechanical time-fuse parts and anti-aircraft artillery for the U.S. military. For their excellence in war production, the E. Ingraham Company received the Army-Navy "E" Award.
# List of Brisbane Boys' College Old Boys

Please don't add anyone to this list without a reliable reference to back up both their notability as well as their status as BBC alumni. If no reference is supplied, the alumni listing can be challenged/removed at any time. Thanks. This is a list of notable alumni who attended Brisbane Boys' College. Alumni of Brisbane Boys' College are known as Old Collegians and may elect to join the school's alumni association, the BBC Old Collegians' Association.

## Academic

* George G. Watson – Cambridge don

## Business

* David Lenigas – Chief Executive Officer of Lonrho Africa Limited

## Defence

* Galfry Gatacre CBE DSC DSO (1907–1983) – Royal Australian Navy rear admiral and first-class cricketer
* Squadron Leader Beaufort Mosman Hunter Palmer – pilot, war hero, farmer

## Media and arts

* Charles Cottier – actor
* Rex Cramphorn – theatre director, costume designer, critic and translator
* Lachlan Gillespie – member of The Wiggles
* Darren Middleton – musician, former member of Powderfinger
* Alexander Voltz – composer

## Medicine and health sciences

* Franklin White – president of Canadian Public Health Association (1986–88); Medal of Honor (1997) Pan-American Health Organization; endowed chair at Dalhousie University (1982–89) and Aga Khan University 1998–2003

## Rhodes Scholars

* Hugh Dunn (1949)
* John Wylie (1983)

## Sport
### Australian rules football

* Clint Bizzell – Geelong Football Club and Melbourne Demons
* Courtenay Dempsey – Essendon Bombers
* Chris Scott – Brisbane Lions
* Hamish Simpson – Geelong Cats

### Cricket

* Chris Hartley – Queensland Bulls
* Craig Philipson – Queensland Bulls
* Jack Clayton – Queensland Bulls

### Rowing

* Haimish Karrasch – Olympic Games 1996 and 2000

### Tennis

* Dane Sweeny – Top 200 Tennis Player

### Rugby league

* Dane Gagai – Brisbane Broncos and Newcastle Knights
* Jack Howarth – Melbourne Storm

### Rugby union

* Tom Banks – Queensland Reds, ACT Brumbies, Wallabies
* Angus Cottrell – Melbourne Rebels flanker
* Hugh Dunn – Uncapped Queensland, Rugby Half Blue and Blue – University of Queensland, Australian Universities
* Will Genia – Queensland Reds and the Wallabies (Vice Captain); now plays for Melbourne Rebels
* Carter Gordon – Melbourne Rebels and Wallabies
* Roger Gould – Queensland Reds and the Wallabies
* Ben Gunter – plays for the Panasonic Wild Knights (Japan) and has also represented the Japanese Brave Blossoms
* James Horwill – Queensland Reds and the Wallabies; former Qld Reds and Australian Wallabies Captain; Harlequins
* Len Ikitau – Brumbies and Wallabies
* Darcy Swain – Western Force, Brumbies and Wallabies
* John Roe – Queensland Reds and the Wallabies; former Qld Reds Captain

### Football

* Zachary Anderson – Central Coast Mariners
* Ross Archibald – Melbourne Heart

### Swimming

* Kieren Perkins OAM – Olympic gold medallist

### Track & field

* Matthew McEwen – decathlete, silver medalist, Manchester Commonwealth Games 2002
* Ashley Moloney – decathlete, 2020 Olympic Games bronze medalist
* Mitchell Watt – long jumper, silver medalist, London Summer Olympics 2012
# South African Police Cross for Bravery

The South African Police Cross for Bravery was a high-ranking decoration, that existed between 1963 and 2004. It initially had only one class, but it was expanded to three classes in 1988.

## First type

Instituted on 20 May 1963, retrospective to 31 May 1961, the decoration was awarded to all ranks of the South African Police, for conspicuous and exceptional bravery in the execution of duties, or in protecting or saving life or property. Recipients were entitled to the post-nominal letters PCF, standing for Praefecturae Crux Fortitudinis, the Latin form of the name.
The PCF is a gold cross, each arm built up in five stepped layers. In the centre is a narrow cross on a gyronny background inside a blue circlet inscribed Vivit Post Funera Virtus (Courage lives on after death) within a green laurel wreath. The reverse depicts the national coat of arms and the words "Vir Dapperheid" and "For Bravery". The ribbon is blue with a white-gold-white centre panel, and is worn around the neck.

## Second type

In 1989, the PCF was divided into three classes, corresponding to the military Honoris Crux, Honoris Crux Silver, and Honoris Crux Gold:
* SAP Cross for Bravery Gold (PCFG): for outstanding bravery while in extreme danger,
* SAP Cross for Bravery Silver (PCFS): for exceptional bravery while in great danger,
* SAP Cross for Bravery (PCF): for bravery while in danger.
The decoration was reduced in size to be worn on the chest, and additional white stripes were used to distinguish the ribbons of the new second and third classes.
The decoration was superseded by the SA Police Service Gold Cross for Bravery and SA Police Service Silver Cross for Bravery on 4 May 2004.
# Carmencita Padilla

Carmencita M. David-Padilla is a Filipino clinical geneticist and pediatrician who is recognized as a National Scientist of the Philippines.

## Education

Dra. Padilla accomplished her pre-medicine degree at the University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman in 1976. She moved to the UP Manila campus where she finished her degree in Doctor of Medicine in 1981. Dra. Padilla completed a fellowship in clinical genetics at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Australia. She returned to Manila to practice pediatric and genetic medicine. In 2005, she obtain a Master's Degree in Health Policy Studies (MHPS) at UP Manila.

## Career
### Newborn screening

Dra. Padilla is a leading advocate for newborn screening. She and her colleagues helped to establish the Newborn Screening System (NBS) in the Philippines, which began as a data gathering project in Metro Manila in 1996. She is the founding president of the Newborn Screening Society of the Philippines.

### Philippine Genome Center

Padilla helped in the establishment of the Philippine Genome Center in 2009, where she also served as executive director from 2011 to 2016.

### UP Manila

The University of the Philippines Manila has Padilla as its chancellor since 2014 and has been serving for at least three terms. Her term ended in October 31, 2023. She was a professor in pediatrics in the institution. She also helped set up a genetic services department in UP Manila in 1990.

### Other institutions

Padilla would also aid in founding a clinical services department at the Philippine General Hospital and laboratories at the National Institutes of Health's Institute of Human Genetics.

### Contributions to legislation

Padilla contributed on forming the basis of The Newborn Screening Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9288), with her knowledge on clinical genetics and her research on newborn screening. Her work would also help draft the Rare Diseases Act of 2016 (Republic Act No. 10747).

## Honors and recognition

On August 31, 2023, Padilla was conferred the Order of National Scientists by President Bongbong Marcos for her contributions in the field of medicine. The following year, she was a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.
# Ed Larvadain

Ed Larvadain III is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 26th district. He assumed office in 2019.

## Education

Larvadain's father, Ed Larvadain Jr., was a prominent civil rights attorney in Alexandria, Louisiana. Larvadain earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Southern University and a Juris Doctor from the Southern University Law Center.

## Career

Since graduating from law school in 1992, Larvadain has worked as an attorney. Larvadain was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 2018 and assumed office in 2019. He is a member of the Civil Law and Procedure Committee.
# 1959 in Nepal

The following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Kingdom of Nepal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Mahendra
* Prime Minister: Subarna Shamsher Rana (until 27 May), Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (starting 27 May)
* Chief Justice: Anirudra Prasad Singh (until 29 June)

## Events
### February

* February 18 - Elections were held in Nepal for the first time its history, as voters chose candidates for 18 of the 109 lower house seats, with the remainder to be chosen on eight other days.
# Irfan Yadwad

Irfan Yadwad (born 19 June 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Chennaiyin and the India national team.

## International career

On 5 November 2024, Yadwad was included in India's 26-member probable squad for a friendly against Malaysia. On 18 November 2024, he made his international debut in a 1–1 draw against Malaysia.

## Personal life

Yadwad was born in South Goa. His father works as a carptener and was a former footballer himself, but he only played in local tournaments.
In 2019, Yadwad endured a meniscus injury in a local tournament in Chandor, Goa. He was out for three months and was asked to contemplate quitting the sport but he recovered from the injury, thanks to relentless support from his father.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 11 December 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bengaluru United | 2022–23 | I-League 2 | 11 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 13 |
| Chennaiyin | 2023–24 | Indian Super League | 17 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 23 | 2 |
| Chennaiyin | 2024–25 | Indian Super League | 12 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 2 |
| Chennaiyin | Total | Total | 29 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 4 |
| Chennaiyin B | 2024 | RFDL | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 42 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 17 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in Durand Cup

### International

    As of 18 November 2024
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| India | 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 0 |

## Honours
### Club

Panjim Footballers
* Goa Police Cup: 2021
Bengaluru United
* Stafford Challenge Cup: 2023
# Pertemps Final

The Pertemps Network Final is a Premier Handicap National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the New Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 3 miles (2 miles 7 furlongs and 213 yards, or 4,785 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

## History

The event was established in 1974, when it was introduced as a replacement for a previous race at the Festival, the George Duller Handicap Hurdle. It was originally sponsored by Coral, and for much of its early history it was titled the Coral Golden Hurdle Final. It has had various sponsors since 1993, and the latest of these, Pertemps, began supporting the race in 2002.
The Pertemps Network Final is served by a series of qualifier races which take place during the preceding five months. A horse has to be placed in the first four in a qualifier race to be eligible to run in the Final. In the 2023–24 season there are 14 qualifier races, all in Great Britain. In previous seasons qualifiers have included races in Ireland and France.
The race was raised from Listed to Grade Three status from 2018 and reclassified as a Premier Handicap from the 2023 running when Grade 3 status was renamed by the British Horseracing Authority.

## Records

Most successful horse (3 wins):
* Willie Wumpkins – 1979, 1980, 1981
Leading jockey (3 wins):
* Jim Wilson – Willie Wumpkins (1979, 1980, 1981)
* Davy Russell – Mall Dini (2016), Presenting Percy (2017), Delta Work (2018)
* Barry Geraghty – Inching Closer (2003), Sire Du Berlais (2019, 2020)
Leading trainer (4 wins):
* Jonjo O'Neill – Danny Connors (1991), Inching Closer (2003), Creon (2004), Holywell (2013)

## Winners

* Weights given in stones and pounds.
* 1 2 3 4 amateur jockey
* ↑ The 2001 running was cancelled because of a foot-and-mouth crisis
# Serbia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021

Serbia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021, held in Paris, France.

## Background

Prior to the 2021 contest, Serbia had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest twelve times since its debut in 2006, and once as Serbia and Montenegro in 2005, prior to the Montenegrin independence referendum in 2006 which culminated into the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro, As of 2020, Serbia's best results are two third places, achieved in 2007 and 2010. In the 2020 contest, Serbia placed 11th with Petar Aničić and the song "Heartbeat".

## Before Junior Eurovision

On 5 October 2021, RTS announced that Jovana Radonjić and Dunja Živković would represent Serbia in the contest with the song "Oči deteta (Children's Eyes)". The duo was chosen following a three-stage internal selection process, with the final stage consisting of three shortlisted acts performing their songs in front of a jury consisting of RTS music editors at the Studio 6 of Radio Belgrade, after which the jury distributed 1–3 points to their favourite acts. The other longlisted songs were: "Osmeh" performed by Tara Šujeranović, "Dete od snova" performed by Tomislav Božović and "U dobru i u zlu" performed by Veljko Kovačević. The song was presented on 28 October 2021.

## At Junior Eurovision

After the opening ceremony, which took place on 13 December 2021, it was announced that Serbia would perform seventeenth on 19 December 2021, following Spain and preceding North Macedonia.
At the end of the contest, Serbia received 86 points, placing 13th out of 19 participating countries.

### Voting

The same voting system that was introduced in the 2017 edition was used, where the results were determined by 50% online voting and 50% jury voting. Every country had a national jury that consisted of three music industry professionals and two children aged between 10 and 15 who were citizens of the country they represented. The rankings of those jurors were combined to make an overall top ten.
The online voting consisted of two phases. The first phase of the online voting began on 17 December 2021 when a recap of all the rehearsal performances was shown on the contest's website Junioreurovision.tv before the viewers could vote. After this, voters also had the option to watch longer one-minute clips from each participant's rehearsal. This first round of voting ended on 17 December at 15:59 CET. The second phase of the online voting took place during the live show and began right after the last performance and was open for 15 minutes. International viewers were able vote for three songs. They were also able to vote for their own country's song. These votes were then turned into points which were determined by the percentage of votes received. For example, if a song received 10% of the votes, it received 10% of the available points.
# Die Hard (song)

"Die Hard" is a song by American rappers Kendrick Lamar, Blxst and Barbadian singer Amanda Reifer of the disbanded Cover Drive. It was sent to rhythmic contemporary radio on August 9, 2022, as the third single from the former's fifth studio album, Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers. The song was produced by Sounwave, DJ Dahi, and Lamar's cousin Baby Keem, with co-production by FnZ.

## Composition and lyrics

"Die Hard" is an R&B and pop song that contains a "sweet" post-chorus that is sung by Amanda Reifer. The song includes a "floating R&B instrumental and tender introspection". Lamar lightly raps: "I got some regrets". It has a "gentle flute line and a blissful melody", which sees Blxst gently sing on the chorus: "I hope I'm not too late to set my demons straight". In the two verses of the song, Kendrick Lamar uses two different moods as the song is really about how it is never too late to turn wrongs into rights and chasing dreams, with a summertime vibe to it.

## Credits and personnel

* Kendrick Lamar – vocals, songwriting
* Blxst – vocals, songwriting
* Boi-1da – production, songwriting
* Sounwave – production, songwriting
* DJ Dahi – production, songwriting
* Baby Keem – production, songwriting, drums
* J. Lbs – production, songwriting
* FnZ
** Michael Mulé – co-production, songwriting
** Isaac De Boni – co-production, songwriting
* Sam Dew – songwriting
* Thundercat – songwriting, bass
* Marvin Eugene Smith – songwriting
* Robert T. "Bob" Smith – songwriting
* Victor Ekpo – songwriting
* Grandmaster Vic – strings
* Manny Marroquin – mixing
* Anthony Vilchis – mixing assistance
* Trey Station – mixing assistance
* Zach Pereyra – mixing assistance
* Andrew Boyd – recording assistance
* Wesley Seidman – recording assistance
* Joe Visciano – engineering
* Beach Noise
** Matt Schaeffer – engineering
** Johnny Kosich – engineering
* Johnathan Turner – engineering
* Ray Charles Brown, Jr. – engineering

## Certifications

Certifications for "Die Hard" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release history for "Die Hard" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| United States | August 9, 2022 | Rhythmic contemporary radio | PGLangTDEAftermathInterscope | |