# Iranian smuggling to Lebanon

Iranian smuggling to Lebanon refers to the illicit transfer of funds and weapons to Lebanon by Iran. This smuggling activity constitutes a central component of Iran's military and financial support for Hezbollah, aligning with Iran's broader strategy to expand its influence in the region. Following the fall of the Assad regime and the ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel, Iran faced increasing challenges in supplying Lebanon with arms and funds. As a result, Tehran intensified its smuggling efforts through Iranian airlines and other clandestine routes.

## Iranian funding of Hezbollah

Iran is the primary financial and military supporter of Hezbollah, providing the group with advanced weaponry and substantial funding for its political and military operations in Lebanon and the wider region. Over the years, Iran has secretly transferred large sums of money and arms to Hezbollah, aiming to bolster its capabilities and influence. Strategic reports indicate that Tehran seeks to enhance Hezbollah’s ability to counter its regional adversaries, particularly Israel. Hezbollah serves as Iran's most significant ally in the Middle East, acting as a crucial link between Tehran and Southern Lebanon, where the group is based.

### Weapons smuggling

Weapons smuggling from Iran to Lebanon is considered one of the most prominent activities carried out through various networks. The weapons smuggled to Hezbollah include advanced missiles, drones, heavy weaponry, and sophisticated military technologies used in military operations against Israel.
Iran employs multiple smuggling methods to facilitate these operations, including transporting weapons through Lebanese ports and airports. Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport is said to be one of the key hotspots for arms smuggling. The Quds Force, a unit of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), is the primary military force executing these operations. It coordinates with commercial and security networks in Lebanon to ensure the clandestine and secure delivery of weapons to Hezbollah. The IRGC also oversees logistics, ensuring the safe transportation of arms by land and sea.
These weapons primarily serve to enhance Hezbollah's military capabilities in its confrontations with Israel and other adversaries.

### Money smuggling

Iran also smuggles significant amounts of money to support Hezbollah. The financial assistance from Iran reaches Hezbollah through three main channels. The first method is via the Quds Force, where oil and money are transferred to Syria by land and air, and the oil is then sold to companies affiliated with Hezbollah, generating millions of dollars in revenue. The second method involves air travel, where the proceeds from Iranian oil sales are transferred to the Iranian embassy in Beirut under diplomatic cover and subsequently delivered to Hezbollah. The third method is through Iranian-backed economic projects promoted by Hezbollah, such as gas imports to Syria and the establishment of private companies operating in various sectors across Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Turkey.

## Smuggling during the ceasefire between Lebanon and Israel

In January 2025, Israel lodged a complaint with the committee overseeing the ceasefire between Lebanon and Israel, which includes representatives from Israel, Lebanon, the United States, France, and the United Nations, accusing Iranian diplomats and others of transporting suitcases filled with millions of dollars in cash from Tehran and Istanbul to Beirut. According to "The Wall Street Journal", Iran has increasingly relied on Beirut Airport following the decline of its influence in Syria after the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad regime in late 2024.
This development followed Syria's announcement of a ban on Iranian entry into its territory in January 2025.
On January 8, an Iranian "Mahan Air" aircraft was subjected to a thorough inspection at Beirut Airport, where an Iranian diplomat refused to comply with Lebanese security instructions to inspect his two suitcases, which Tehran later claimed contained official documents and operational funds for its embassy.
Following the disruption of the land routes used for transporting Iranian missiles and other weaponry to Hezbollah through Syria, Iran attempted to turn Beirut Airport into a new delivery hub, violating the ceasefire agreement between Lebanon and Israel.
On January 3, 2025, after receiving information about the possible landing of an Iranian "Mahan Air" plane at Beirut Airport carrying shipments of money intended for Hezbollah, airport security prevented the cargo from leaving the airport. Lebanese officials informed their Iranian counterparts that if the plane landed and was found to be carrying money, the funds would be confiscated as suspicious assets by the Lebanese state. Israel also accused Turkish citizens of participating in transporting cash by air from Istanbul to Beirut.