# Montreal World Film Festival

The Montreal World Film Festival (French: Festival des films du monde de Montréal), commonly abbreviated MWFF in English or FFM in French, was an annual film festival in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from 1977 to 2019. Founded and run throughout its lifetime by Serge Losique, it was the only competitive film festival in North America accredited by the FIAPF. (The Toronto International Film Festival is also FIAPF-accredited, but is run as a non-competitive event).
The public festival, which was founded in 1977 as a replacement for the defunct Montreal International Film Festival (1960–68), was held annually in late August. Unlike the Toronto International Film Festival, which has a greater focus on Canadian and other North American films, the Montreal World Film Festival had a larger diversity of films from all over the world.
Throughout its life, the festival saw various controversies around Losique's leadership, including uneven programming, a marketing strategy that sometimes seemed more concerned with throwing barbs at TIFF than with actually building the MWFF's brand, and increasing financial irregularities.
The festival was abruptly cancelled in 2019, just a few weeks before that year's event had been scheduled to launch.

## History

Losique launched the festival in part as a response to the inaugural 1976 Festival of Festivals, as he reportedly believed that Montreal was a more appropriate location than Toronto to be the host of a prestige film festival. After screening an inaugural program in summer 1977, he pursued the FIAPF accreditation, which was secured in early 1978. The 1978 event, however, saw the first instance of Losique using his position to take a public swipe at the Toronto festival, when he sent four films that had been booked to appear at both festivals back to their distributors instead of forwarding the prints to Toronto as directed.
As early as 1980, the festival was marketing itself as one that was focused more on the films than their stars, with Losique regularly trumpeting that motto through the years as the thing that made his festival better than Toronto's.
By 1985, Losique was already beginning to attract criticism for running the festival in an "authoritarian" and "Napoleonic" manner, with programming driven disproportionately by his own personal taste in film rather than consideration for what would appeal to the general public. Through the 1980s, the Montreal and Toronto film festivals were typically seen as different but complementary events, although Losique continued to lash out at any media suggestion that the events were comparable in prestige or quality, and his most consistent public relations strategy in this era was to release public statements criticizing TIFF's public relations statements for being insufficiently deferential to his festival's superiority.
By the 1990s, however, the MWFF was clearly losing prestige as TIFF gained in international clout; even within Montreal, its prominence was being increasingly challenged by the Festival du nouveau cinéma, which although older than the MWFF had previously been much smaller until gaining momentum in the early 1990s. In 1991, for the first time, newspapers in Montreal began running front-page stories calling for Losique to step down and hand over leadership of the festival to a successor due to poor programming decisions and declining attendance.
In 1998, the festival faced heavy criticism when it opted to present a lifetime achievement award to Sandra Bullock, despite her still having been known only for a few hit films over the past couple of years at that point, rather than the sort of sustained career typically required to earn lifetime achievement honours.
By 2000, even filmmakers from Quebec were frequently bypassing MWFF, instead opting to "stampede down the 401" to TIFF due to its much higher international profile before screening in Montreal at the FNC or the Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois instead of the MWFF.
The WFF lost the sponsorship of its previous government cultural funders, SODEC and Telefilm Canada as a result of disagreements with Losique in 2004, after Losique refused to cooperate with a review by those agencies of Canada's major film festivals. Subsequently, these two funding agencies announced that they would support a new international film festival, called the New Montreal FilmFest (FIFM), to be managed by Spectra Entertainment and headed by Daniel Langlois.
Despite the competing festival and the loss of government funding, however, Losique continued to organize the World Film Festival, and filed lawsuits against both Telefilm and Spectra, further suing Moritz de Hadeln personally after he was announced as FIFM's artistic director. The 2005 FIFM was not successful, and the event was discontinued; as of July 2007, Losique's lawsuits were dropped, paving the way for a restoration of government funding.
In 2005, Losique first announced and later withdrew the film Karla from the festival after the principal sponsor of the festival, Air Canada, threatened to withdraw its sponsorship of the festival if that film were included. The film — about Karla Homolka, a young woman who was convicted of manslaughter and who served twelve years in prison for her part in the kidnapping, sex enslavement, rapes and murders of teenage girls, including her own sister, in a case said to involve ephebophilia — was controversial in Canada, with many calling for its boycott throughout the country.
In 2015 a group of employees claimed they were not paid. In 2016 many of the employees resigned, citing poor leadership and financial uncertainty amongst other issues. In an interview with CTV News, Montreal Gazette entertainment columnist Bill Brownstein referred to Losique as having a "Napoleonic complex" and not "playing well with the other children" resulting in government and sponsors withdrawing their funding support.
In the same year Cineplex Entertainment withdrew its support from the festival, causing it to lose the Forum Theatre as a venue. Left with only the Imperial Cinema for a venue, the festival had to cancel some of its planned screenings and proceed with a reduced lineup, although several of the city's independent theatres stepped in to help screen films at the last minute.
In 2017, power was cut at the Imperial Theatre in July, just a few weeks before the festival, due to unpaid electricity bills, with that year's festival being saved by a last-minute intervention by Pierre-Karl Péladeau and Québecor.
In 2018 the festival was accused by Revenu Québec of owing almost $500,000 in unpaid taxes, but the festival was allowed to proceed that year after Losique made an initial payment of $33,000.
By this time, Brendan Kelly of the Montreal Gazette was explicitly calling for the festival to be shut down, writing that "Way back in the early days of the festival in the late '70s and early '80s, the FFM was a happening event that could be said to be seriously rival the Toronto fest, then called the Festival of Festivals. But that hasn't been true for 30 years, and it's almost entirely Losique's fault. As long as the FFM exists, it drags down the city's film scene. Agencies and producers in other countries who don't realize Losique's fest is irrelevant send films and filmmakers, and the poor auteurs turn up to discover they're screening films in front of near-empty rooms. It also causes enormous problems for the other much more relevant film festivals in our city, notably the Festival du nouveau cinéma and Fantasia. These festivals have not been given the chance to step up and become the city's première festival with Losique's event staggering from edition to edition."
In 2019, the WFF announced that it was cancelling the 43rd edition of the event. The stated reason was that Losique was suffering from extreme fatigue, with the festival intended at that time to return in 2020; however, with the COVID-19 pandemic emerging over the winter, the festival's return in 2020 was not possible, and the festival subsequently failed to see a revival in 2021. Robert Everett-Green of The Globe and Mail noted that while an event like TIFF, with its strong programming team, could easily work around the health difficulties of a single programmer, the stated reason for the MWFF's cancellation effectively confirmed the longstanding charges that Losique ran the festival as a personal fiefdom rather than cultivating a team.
In 2022, Losique announced plans to revive the festival as the Global Montreal Film Festival, with a 2022 edition featuring free screenings of a selection of films that had previously screened at FFM, leading to a full revival of the festival in 2023. The free screening series in 2022 attracted only a few dozen people; filmmaker André Forcier, whose 1994 film The Wind from Wyoming (Le Vent du Wyoming) was one of the titles being screened, criticized the event as having been poorly advertised. The 2023 revival did not materialize, and there has been no subsequent news about the festival's return.

## Festival

The festival was organised in various sections, including the World Competition (features and shorts) and First Films World Competition (features), and non-competitive streams for Canadian and world cinema, documentaries, student films and repertory programming of classic films.
Prior to the beginning of each event, the festival's board of directors appointed the juries who held sole responsibility for choosing award winners. Juried awards were presented for the Grand Prix des Amériques, a Special Grand Prix of the jury, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Screenplay, Best Artistic Contribution, Best Short Film, an Innovation Award and gold, silver and bronze Zenith Awards for first films. Audience-voted awards were also presented for the most popular film, the most popular Canadian film, most popular Latin American film, most popular documentary film, and most popular Canadian short film.

### Grand Prix des Amériques

| Year | Film | Original Title | Director | Country |
| 1978 | Ligabue | | Salvatore Nocita | France / Italy |
| 1979 | 1+1=3 | | Heidi Genée | West Germany |
| 1980 | The Stunt Man | | Richard Rush | United States |
| 1980 | Fontamara | | Carlo Lizzani | Italy |
| 1981 | The Chosen | | Jeremy Kagan | United States |
| 1982 | Time for Revenge | Tiempo de revancha | Adolfo Aristarain | Argentina |
| 1982 | Brimstone and Treacle | | Richard Loncraine | United Kingdom |
| 1983 | The Go Masters | Mikan no taikyoku | Ji-shun Duan & Jun'ya Satô & Shu'an Liu | Japan / China |
| 1984 | The North | El Norte | Gregory Nava | United States / United Kingdom |
| 1985 | Our Father | Padre nuestro | Francisco Regueiro | Spain |
| 1986 | Betty Blue | 37°2 le matin | Jean-Jacques Beineix | France |
| 1987 | The Kid Brother | Kenny | Claude Gagnon | Japan / United States / Canada |
| 1988 | The Reader | La lectrice | Michel Deville | France |
| 1989 | Freedom Is Paradise | S.E.R. - Svoboda eto rai | Sergey Bodrov | Soviet Union |
| 1990 | Fallen from Heaven | Caídos del cielo | Francisco J. Lombardi | Peru / Spain |
| 1991 | Salmonberries | | Percy Adlon | Germany |
| 1992 | The Dark Side of the Heart | El lado oscuro del corazón | Eliseo Subiela | Argentina / Canada |
| 1993 | Betrayal | Trahir | Radu Mihaileanu | France / Switzerland / Spain / Romania |
| 1994 | Once Were Warriors | | Lee Tamahori | New Zealand |
| 1995 | Georgia | | Ulu Grosbard | United States / France |
| 1996 | Different for Girls | | Richard Spence | United Kingdom / France |
| 1997 | Children of Heaven | Bacheha-Ye aseman | Majid Majidi | Iran |
| 1998 | The Quarry | | Marion Hänsel | Belgium / France / Netherlands / Spain |
| 1998 | Full Moon | Vollmond | Fredi M. Murer | Switzerland / Germany / France |
| 1999 | Color of Paradise | Rang-e khoda | Majid Majidi | Iran |
| 2000 | The Taste of Others | Le goût des autres | Agnès Jaoui | France |
| 2000 | Innocence | | Paul Cox | Australia / Belgium |
| 2001 | Rain | Baran | Majid Majidi | Iran |
| 2001 | Abandoned | Torzók | Árpád Sopsits | Hungary |
| 2002 | The Best Day of My Life | Il più bel giorno della mia vita | Cristina Comencini | Italy / United Kingdom |
| 2003 | The Cordon | Kordon | Goran Markovic | Yugoslavia |
| 2004 | The Syrian Bride | Ha-Kala Ha-Surit | Eran Riklis | France / Germany / Israel |
| 2005 | Off Screen | Kleisterlee | Pieter Kuijpers | Netherlands / Belgium |
| 2006 | A Long Walk | Nagai sanpo | Eiji Okuda | Japan |
| 2006 | The Greatest Love of All | O Maior Amor do Mundo | Carlos Diegues | Brazil |
| 2007 | Ben X | | Nic Balthazar | Belgium / Netherlands |
| 2007 | A Secret | Un secret | Claude Miller | France |
| 2008 | Departures | Okuribito | Yōjirō Takita | Japan |
| 2009 | Freedom | Korkoro | Tony Gatlif | France |
| 2010 | Oxygen | Adem | Hans van Nuffel | Belgium / Netherlands |
| 2011 | Come as You Are | Hasta la Vista | Geoffrey Enthoven | Belgium |
| 2012 | Where the Fire Burns | Ateşin Düştüğü Yer | İsmail Güneş | Turkey |
| 2013 | Life Feels Good | Chce sie zyc | Maciej Pieprzyca | Poland |
| 2014 | Perfect Obedience | Obediencia perfecta | Luis Urquiza | Mexico |
| 2015 | Mad Love | Fou d'amour | Philippe Ramos | France |
| 2016 | The Constitution | Ustav Republike Hrvatske | Rajko Grlić | Croatia |
| 2017 | And Suddenly the Dawn | Y de pronto el amancer | Silvio Caiozzi | Chile |
| 2018 | Curtiz | | Tamás Yvan Topolánszky | Hungary |

### Golden Zenith Award

| Year | Film | Original Title | Director | Country |
| 1989 | Queen of Hearts | Queen of Hearts | Jon Amiel | Great Britain |
| 1990 | Lost Springtime | Printemps perdu | Alain Mazars | France |
| 1990 | Time of the Servants | Cas sluhu | Irena Pavlaskova | Czechoslovakia |
| 1991 | Benjamin's Woman | La Mujer de Benjamin | Carlos Carrera | Mexico |
| 1991 | North | Nord | Xavier Beauvois | France |
| 1992 | Little Sharks | Kleine Haie | Sonke Wortmann | Germany |
| 1993 | Betrayal | Trahir | Radu Mihaileanu | Romania / France |
| 1994 | Everynight ... Everynight | Everynight... Everynight | Alkinos Tsilimidos | Australia |
| 1995 | Cross My Heart and Hope to Die | Ti kniver i hjertet | Marius Holst | Norway |
| 1995 | Manneken Pis | Manneken Pis | Frank Van Passel | Belgium |
| 1996 | Welcome Home | Okaeri | Makoto Shinozaki | Japan |
| 1997 | Gypsy Lore | Romani kris - Cigánytörvény | Bence Gyöngyössy | Germany / Hungary |
| 1998 | 2 Seconds | 2 secondes | Manon Briand | Canada |
| 1999 | Juan, I Forgot, I Don't Remember | Del Olvido al no me acuerdo | Juan Carlos Rulfo | Mexico |
| 2000 | Daughters of the Sun | Dakhtaran-e khorshid | Mariam Shahriar | Iran |
| 2002 | Various Positions | Various Positions | Ori Kowarsky | Canada |
| 2003 | I Always Wanted to Be a Saint | J'ai toujours voulu être une sainte | Geneviève Mersch | Luxembourg / Belgium |
| 2004 | The Magician | El mago | Jaime Aparicio | Mexico |
| 2005 | The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros | Ang pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros | Auraeus Solito | Philippines |
| 2006 | More Than Anything in the World | Más que a nada en el mundo | Andrés León Becker, Javier Solar | Mexico |
| 2007 | The Wooden Box | La caja | Juan Carlos Falcón | Spain / Portugal |
| 2008 | For a Moment, Freedom | Ein augenblick, freiheit | Arash T. Riahi | Austria / France |
| 2009 | You Will Be Mine | Je te mangerai | Sophie Laloy | France |
| 2010 | Liquid Love | Amore liquido | Mario Luca Cattaneo | Italy |
| 2011 | In Our Name | In Our Name | Brian Welsh | United Kingdom |
| 2012 | Casadentro | Casadentro | Joanna Lombardi | Peru |
| 2013 | The Long Way Home | Eve Dönüs: Sarikamis 1915 | Alphan Eseli | Turkey |
| 2014 | González | González: falsos profetas] | Christian Díaz Pardo | Mexico |
| 2015 | The Funeral | Chuyi | Qi Wang | China |
| 2016 | A Father's Will | Atanyn kereezi | Bakyt Mukul, Dastan Zhapar Uulu | Kyrgyzstan |
| 2017 | The Return | Dolaonda | Chul Heo | South Korea |
| 2018 | The Gazelle's Dance | El Baile de la Gacela | Iván Porras Méndelez | Costa Rica / Mexico |

### Best Canadian Film

| Year | Film | Director |
| 1978 | Tyler | Ralph L. Thomas |
| 1979 | Arthur Miller on Home Ground | Harry Rasky |
| 1980 | It Can't Be Winter, We Haven't Had Summer Yet (Ça peut pas être l'hiver, on n'a même pas eu d'été) | Louise Carré |
| 1981 | The Plouffe Family (Les Plouffe) | Gilles Carle |
| 1982 | The Grey Fox | Phillip Borsos |
| 1983 | The Tin Flute (Bonheur d'occasion) | Claude Fournier |
| 1984 | A Woman in Transit (La Femme de l'hôtel) | Léa Pool |
| 1985 | Pale Face (Visage pâle) | Claude Gagnon |
| 1986 | Sitting in Limbo | John N. Smith |
| 1987 | Night Zoo (Un zoo la nuit) | Jean-Claude Lauzon |
| 1988 | Obsessed | Robin Spry |
| 1989 | Looking for Eternity (Portion d'éternité) | Robert Favreau |
| 1990 | An Imaginary Tale (Une histoire inventée) | André Forcier |
| 1991 | The Savage Woman (La Demoiselle sauvage) | Léa Pool |
| 1992 | Phantom Life (La Vie fantôme) | Jacques Leduc |
| 1993 | The Sex of the Stars (Le Sexe des étoiles) | Paule Baillargeon |
| 1994 | The Wind from Wyoming (Le Vent du Wyoming) | André Forcier |
| 1995 | Water Child (L'Enfant d'eau) | Robert Ménard |
| 1996 | Lilies (Les Feluettes) | John Greyson |
| 1997 | The Caretaker's Lodge (La Conciergerie) | Michel Poulette |
| 1998 | 2 Seconds (2 secondes) | Manon Briand |
| 1999 | Memories Unlocked (Souvenirs intimes) | Jean Beaudin |
| 2000 | Maelström | Denis Villeneuve |
| 2001 | Tar Angel (L'ange de goudron) | Denis Chouinard |
| 2002 | Chaos and Desire (La Turbulence des fluides) | Manon Briand |
| 2003 | Gaz Bar Blues | Louis Bélanger |
| 2004 | The Five of Us (Elles étaient cinq) | Ghyslaine Côté |
| 2005 | Kamataki | Claude Gagnon |
| 2006 | The Chinese Botanist's Daughters (Les Filles du botaniste) | Dai Sijie |
| 2007 | Surviving My Mother (Comment survivre à sa mère) | Émile Gaudreault |
| 2008 | The Necessities of Life (Ce qu'il faut pour vivre) | Benoît Pilon |
| 2009 | A Cargo to Africa (Un cargo pour l'Afrique) | Roger Cantin |
| 2010 | Silence Lies (Tromper le silence) | Julie Hivon |
| 2011 | Coteau rouge | André Forcier |
| 2012 | Karakara | Claude Gagnon |
| 2013 | Another House (Un autre maison) | Mathieu Roy |
| 2014 | Sweeping Forward | Patricia MacDowell |