# List of European colonies in Africa

The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32.

## Belgian colonial empire

* Belgian Congo (Congo Free State annexed as a colony, today's Democratic Republic of the Congo)
* Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, 1922–62)

## British Empire

* Egypt
* British Cyrenaica (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
* British Tripolitania (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
* Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
* British Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
* British East Africa
** Kenya Colony
** Uganda Protectorate
** Tanzania
*** Tanganyika Territory (1919–61)
*** Zanzibar
* British Mauritius
* Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
* Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
* Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
* British Seychelles
* British South Africa
** South Africa
*** Transvaal Colony
*** Cape Colony
*** Colony of Natal
*** Orange River Colony
** South-West Africa (from 1915, now Namibia)
* British West Africa
** Gambia Colony and Protectorate
** British Sierra Leone
** Colonial Nigeria
** British Togoland (1916–56, today part of Ghana)
** Cameroons (1922–61, now part of Cameroon and Nigeria)
** Gold Coast (British colony) (now Ghana)
* Nyasaland (now Malawi)
* Basutoland (now Lesotho)
* Swaziland (now Eswatini)
* St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

## Poland-Lithuania

* St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

## Denmark–Norway

* Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

## Dutch colonial empire

* Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
* Dutch Cape Colony
* Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
* Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
* Gorée (Senegal)
* Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
* São Tomé
* South Africa
* Mauritius

## French colonial empire

* French North Africa
** French Algeria (1830-1962; was administered as an integral part of France itself from 1848)
** French Protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
** French Protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)
** Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (administration given by the UNO after its conquest by Charles de Gaulle)
** Egypt (ownership 1798–1801; Condominium of France and the United Kingdom 1876–1882)
* French West Africa
** Ivory Coast (1843–1960)
** Dahomey or French Dahomey (now Benin) (1883–1960)
*** Independent of Dahomey, under French protectorate in 1889
*** Porto-Novo (protectorate) (1863–1865, 1882)
*** Cotonou (protectorate) (1868)
** French Sudan (now Mali) (1883–1960)
*** Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904)
** Guinea or French Guinea (1891–1958)
** Mauritania (1902–1960)
*** Adrar emirate (protectorate) (1909)
*** The Taganit confederation's emirate (protectorate) (1905)
*** Brakna confederation's emirate (protectorate)
*** Emirate of Trarza (protectorate) (1902)
** Niger (1890–1960)
*** Sultanate of Damagaram (Zinder) (protectorate) (1899)
** Senegal (1677–1960)
** French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) (1896–1960)
** French Togoland (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, mandate became a French colony) (now Togo)
** Nigeria
*** The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo (territory under a lease of 30 years) (1900–1927)
*** The Emirate of Muri (Northeast of Nigeria) (1892–1893)
** Gambia
*** Albreda (1681–1857)
*** Kunta Kinteh Island (1695–1697, 1702)
* French Equatorial Africa
** Chad (1900–1960)
** Oubangui-Chari (currently Central African Republic) (1905–1960)
*** Dar al Kuti (protectorate) (1897) (in 1912 its sultanate was suppressed by the French)
*** Sultanate of Bangassou (protectorate) (1894)
** Present-day The Republic of Congo, then French Congo (1875–1960)
** Gabon (1839–1960)
** French Cameroon (91% of current Cameroon) (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, Mandate, Protectorate then French Colony)
** São Tomé and Príncipe (1709)
* French East Africa and Indian Ocean
** French Madagascar (1896–1960)
*** Kingdom of Imerina (protectorate; 1896)
** Isle de France (1715–1810; now Mauritius)
** Djibouti (French Somaliland) (the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas; French Somalia; 1862–1977)
** French Egypt (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956)
** Mayotte (1841–present)
** Seychelles (1756–1810)
** Chagos Archipelago (1721–1745, 1768–1814)
** The Scattered Islands (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands, Tromelin Island)
** Comoros (1866–1975)
** Réunion (1710–present)

## German Empire

The following were German African protectorates:
* German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915
* German West Africa, 1884 to 1915
** Togoland, 1884 to 1916
** Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916
** Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885
** Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885
* German East Africa, 1885 to 1918
* Witu Protectorate, 1885 to 1890
* German Somali Coast, 1885 to 1888
* German Congo, 1884 to 1885
* German Katanga, 1886
* Gando Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
* Gulmu Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
* German South Africa, 1884 to 1885

## Hospitaller Malta

* Tripoli

## Italian colonial empire

* Italian East Africa
** Italian Eritrea
** Italian Somaliland (now Somalia)
** Italian Ethiopia
*** Amhara Governorate
*** Galla-Sidamo Governorate
*** Harar Governorate
*** Scioa Governorate
* Italian Libya

### Former colonies, protectorates and occupied areas

* Italian Eritrea (1882–1947)
* Italian Somalia (1889–1947)
** Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960)
* Libya (1911–1947)
** Italian Tripolitania & Cyrenaica (1911–1934)
** Italian Libya (1934–1943)
* Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
* Italian Ethiopia (1936–1941)
* Tunis (1942–1943)

## Portuguese colonial empire

* Portuguese Angola (now Angola)
** Mainland Angola
** Portuguese Congo(now Cabinda Province of Angola)
* Portuguese Mozambique(now Mozambique)
* Portuguese Guinea(now Guinea-Bissau)
* Portuguese Gold Coast now part of Ghana
* Portuguese Cape Verde
* Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
** São Tomé Island
** Príncipe Island
** Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá(now Ouidah, in Benin)

### Others

* Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
* Angola
* Annobón
* Cabinda
* Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
* Ceuta
* Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
* Gorée (in Senegal)
* Malindi
* Mombasa
* Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
** Agadir
** Alcacer Ceguer
** Arzila
** Azamor
** Mazagan
** Mogador
** Safim
* Nigeria (Lagos area)
* Mozambique
* Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
* Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
* Quíloa
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Tangier
* Zanzibar
* Ziguinchor

## Russian Empire

* Sagallo (6 January 1889–5 February 1889)

## Spanish colonial Empire

* Northern Spanish Morocco
** Chefchaouen (Chauen)
*** Jebala (Yebala)
*** Kert
*** Loukkos (Lucus)
*** Rif
* Spanish West Africa
** Ifni
** Southern Spanish Morocco (Cape Juby)
** Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara)
*** Saguia el-Hamra
*** Río de Oro
* Spanish Guinea(now Equatorial Guinea)
** Fernando Pó
** Río Muni
** Annobón

## Sweden

* Swedish Gold Coast