# Football in Kazakhstan

Football in Kazakhstan is governed by the national body the Football Federation of Kazakhstan. The FFK organises the men's, women's and futsal national teams. Football is the most popular sport in the country, followed by ice hockey.

## History

Kazakh football first appeared in Semey before World War I, when British merchants brought the game to the area. Among the early players of the game was writer Mukhtar Auezov who turned out for the 'Yarysh' club, the biggest of the time Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Teams soon followed in Pavlodar and Dzhambul, before the first official appearance of a Kazakh SSR representative team in 1928. By the 1930s Kazakh club sides were regularly participating in the lower ranks of Soviet football.
After World War II a regular league began in 1946 while a cup competition, previously held sporadically was instituted full-time in 1948. A permanent Kazakh SSR Football Federation was established in 1959. Leading club side FC Kairat Almaty went on to make history in 1960 by becoming the first Kazakh side to compete in the Soviet Top League and made further history in 1963 by reaching the semi-finals of the Soviet Cup, the best performance by a Kazakh team in the competition. They would go on to record Kazakhstan's first triumph in the Soviet First League in 1976.
No Kazakh footballer had represented the USSR until 1977 when FC Kairat defender Seilda Baishakov made his debut in a FIFA World Cup qualifier against Hungary. Later, in 1986, his club would go on to add further to their honours by finishing seventh in the Top League, an all-time best finish for a Kazakh club. The country's Eugeny Yarovenko also added to the honours as a member of the victorious Soviet side at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, a Football Association of the Republic of Kazakhstan was set up in 1992 and soon accepted into FIFA and the Asian Football Confederation. The national team debuted soon afterwards and individual Kazakh competitions were established. The renamed FFK went on to join UEFA in 2002, ending their relationship with the AFC.

## Domestic competition

The main league competition in the country is the Kazakhstan Premier League, formed in 1992 from Zone 8 of the Third Level of Soviet football with other higher placed Kazakh clubs co-opted. A first division was added in 1994 and this competition is now organised on a regional basis and is fed into by a further regionalised second division. The Kazakhstan Cup is also competed for, while successful clubs gain entry to the early rounds of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.

## League system

| Level | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) | League(s)/division(s) |
| 1 | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs | Kazakhstan Premier League 13 clubs |
| | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs | ↓ 1 club ↑ 2 clubs |
| 2 | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams | Kazakhstan First Division 13 clubs + 3 reserve teams |
| | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs | ↓↑ 2 clubs |
| 3 | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams | Kazakhstan Second Division 9 clubs + 15 reserve teams |

## National team

Although they participated in matches against other Republics of the Soviet Union, the Kazakhstan team did not make their official debut as an independent country until 1 June 1992, when they defeated Turkmenistan 1–0. Based at the Almaty Central Stadium, they are yet to qualify for a major tournament.

## Champions during Soviet era (1936–91)

A Kazakh SSR championship was founded in 1936 with no Kazakh clubs competing in the Soviet Top League. The winners of this competition were:
1936–81
| 1936 – Sbornaya Almaty 1937 – Dinamo Almaty 1938 – Dinamo Almaty 1939–47 – no competition 1948 – Dinamo Almaty 1949 – Lokomotiv Zhambyl 1950 – Sbornaya Almaty 1951 – Metallurg Shymkent 1952 – Metallurg Shymkent 1953 – Metallurg Shymkent 1954 – Dinamo Almaty 1956 – Sbornaya Almaty 1957 – Stroitel Almaty | 1958 – Spartak Almaty 1959 – Spartak Almaty 1960 – Yenbek Guryev 1961 – Avangard Petropavlovsk 1962 – ADK Almaty 1963 – Tselinnik Semipalatinsk 1964 – ADK Almaty 1965 – ADK Almaty 1955 – Dinamo Almaty 1966 – Aktyubinets Aktyubinsk 1967 – Torpedo Kokshetau 1968 – Yenbek Zhezkazgan 1969 – Shakhtyor Saran' | 1970 – Stroitel Temirtau 1971 – Yenbek Zhezkazgan 1972 – Traktor Pavlodar 1973 – Yenbek Zhezkazgan 1974 – Gornyak Nikol'sky 1975 – Metallurg Shymkent 1976 – Khimik Stepnogorsk 1977 – Khimik Stepnogorsk 1978 – Trud Shevchenko 1979 – Khimik Stepnogorsk 1980 – Meliorator Shymkent 1981 – Burevestnik Kostanay |
1980–81. Zone 7, 3rd level of Soviet football, including Kazakhstan and other Central Asian teams
* 1980 – Traktor Pavlodar
* 1981 – Aktyubinets Aktobe
1982–91. Zone 8, 3rd level of Soviet football, including only Kazakhstan teams
* 1982 – Shakhter Karagandy
* 1983 – Shakhter Karagandy
* 1984 – Tselinnik Tselinograd
* 1985 – Meliorator Shymkent
* 1986 – Meliorator Shymkent
* 1987 – Meliorator Shymkent
* 1988 – Traktor Pavlodar
* 1989 – Traktor Pavlodar
* 1990 – Vostok Oskemen
* 1991 – Aktyubinets Aktobe