OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perry Nelson House

The Perry Nelson House is a historic farmhouse in Dodge County, Minnesota; located in Concord Township, it is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from West Concord, Minnesota. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on April 16, 1982. The house is considered significant for its distinctive scale among rural housing stock in the area, as well as its representation of both the agricultural development of the county and the Yankee heritage of the surrounding area.

## Structure

Designed in the Italianate style, the house consists of a long rectangle with a short wing on the south side (front) with a low hip roof. The roof and cornice extend east from the wing to form a porch area. The structure is constructed of random-range ashlar stone with margin draft on the west, south and east facades, and rock-faced ashlar on the north facade. The stone used was limestone carved from local quarries near Mantorville.
The three finished facades have bracketed eaves extending around them, and plain eaves on the north facade. The building's fenestration consists of six-over-six double-hung sash windows in rectangular openings with heavy lintels. A long wood and stone wing extends to the north. In the 1950s, the building's interior was totally remodeled and minor alterations were made to the exterior, including changes to the front porch and the addition of wood shutters. The original design had an outdoor staircase leading to the second floor of the house above the current front porch.

## History

Perry Nelson came to Minnesota in 1861. A farmer from New York, he reflected the Yankee heritage of the surrounding area: Virtually every farmer in the township originated from New York, New England, or Pennsylvania. The township, as well as the town of West Concord, were named after Concord, New Hampshire.
Nelson had the house built in the early 1870s, and it was noted in the Atlas of Minnesota published in 1874. A successful large scale farmer, he was reported to have shipped an average of two wagonloads of wheat to market every day from early fall until late spring. Nelson turned the house into a popular gathering spot for farmers and politicians that it was for a time dubbed the "House of Politics." He had carpenters build an outdoor staircase to the second floor to provide easy access so county politicians and farmers could meet in the upstairs rooms to discuss issues of the day. In addition, delegations of farmers would assemble to discuss upcoming prices and other problems they would face. The farmers would often be joined by their wives, which would add to the communal nature of the home.
Nelson moved to nearby Kasson and willed the house and a section of land to a niece who lived in Wisconsin. Though it remained in the family's ownership for many years, it was rented to tenants and suffered from neglect. By the time the house and farm were purchased by Walter and Ruth Buehler in 1950, it still lacked modern plumbing and heating equipment. After purchasing the property, the Buehlers spend two years and an estimated $40,000 restoring and renovating the property.
# FLUKA

FLUKA (an acronym for Fluktuierende Kaskade) is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter. FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies, dosimetry, medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy. As of 2022 FLUKA alowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.
It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory. FLUKA software code is used by Epcard, which is a software program for simulating radiation exposure on airline flights.
The first version of FLUKA was developed in 1960s by Johannes Ranft. FLUKA makes use of combinatorial geometry.

## Comparison with other codes

MCNPX is slower than FLUKA.
Geant4 is slower than FLUKA.
# Extra Challenge

Extra Challenge formerly Extra, Extra is a Philippine television news magazine and reality competition show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally hosted by Karen Davila and Paolo Bediones, it premiered on February 15, 1999, on the network's evening line up as a lifestyle show titled as Extra, Extra. In 2003, it was retitled as Extra Challenge and became a reality show. The show concluded on January 20, 2013.

## Overview

On February 15, 1999, Extra Extra premiered as a news magazine show with Paolo Bediones and Karen Davila serving as hosts. Miriam Quiambao replaced Davila as a co-host when she left the show in 2000.
In 2003, it was reformatted as a reality competition show and renamed as Extra Challenge. The show featured celebrities pitted against each other in several challenges. It is patterned after American reality shows such as Survivor, The Amazing Race, America's Next Top Model, Fear Factor, The Simple Life, The Bachelor and The Real Housewives. After Quiambao left in January 2004, Mariel Rodriguez, Phoemela Baranda and Ethel Booba became hosts. In 2006, the show was renamed to Extra Challenge Milyonaryo. Extra Challenge Milyonaryo concluded on May 26, 2006.
In 2012, the show returned as Extra Challenge Extreme with Richard Gutierrez, Marian Rivera and Boobay serving as hosts.

## Hosts

* Karen Davila (1999–2000)
* Paolo Bediones (1999–2006)
* Miriam Quiambao (2000–04, 2006)
* Phoemela Baranda (2004)
* Ethel Booba (2004–06)
* Mariel Rodriguez (2004)
* Richard Gutierrez (2012–13)
* Marian Rivera (2012–13)
* Boobay (2012–13)

## Ratings

According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the season premiere of Extra Challenge Extreme on October 27, 2012, earned a 24.6% rating.

## Accolades

Accolades received by Extra Challenge :
| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 2006 | 20th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Reality Competition Program | Extra Challenge | Won |
| 2006 | 20th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Reality Competition Program Host | Paolo BedionesEthel Booba | Won |
| 2013 | 27th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Reality Competition Program | Extra Challenge | Won |
| 2013 | 27th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Reality Competition Program Host | Marian RiveraRichard GutierrezBoobay | Nominated |

## Controversy

In 2012, during the filming of the show, actress Karen delos Reyes and comedian host Boobay fought with each other. The fight occurred when Boobay used the wrong surname for Delos Reyes, calling the actress as "Karen Delos Santos", which Delos Reyes didn't accept as a joke.
# Cromínia

Cromínia is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil. It is famous for its chrome mines.

## Geographical Information

Cromínia is located in the Meia Ponte Microregion, which includes the cities in the Meia Ponte River basin. It is approximately 87 kilometers south of the state capital, Goiânia and is 17 kilometers west of the important BR-153 highway, which links Goiânia to Minas Gerais.
Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Aparecida de Goiânia / Professor Jamil / GO-217. For the complete list of all distances in Goiás see Sepin Neighboring municipalities are:
* north: Aragoiânia
* east: Professor Jamil
* west and south: Mairipotaba

## Demographics

* Population density: 9.78 inhabitants/km$^2$ (2007)
* Population growth rate 1996/2007: -0.21.%
* Total population: 3,618 (2007)
* Total population: 3,362 (1980)
* Urban population: 2,861 (2007)
* Rural population: 879 (2007)

## Economic Activities

Chrome mining gave the city its name but cattle raising and agriculture have taken over from mining. Of the 298 rural proprietors 70% raise cattle and the others plant rice and corn.
Economic Indicators
* Industrial units: 05
* Retail units: 53
* Banking institutions: none
* Cooperatives: Coop.Mista dos Produtores Rurais de Cromínia-COOMPOR-C
* Automobiles: 443 (Sepin/IBGE 2007)
* Cattle: 34,020 (2006)´
* Corn: 1,150 ha.
* Modest production of soybeans, rice, manioc, and watermelon
Farm Data (2006)in ha.
* Number of farms: 298
* Total area: 22,213
* Area of permanent crops: 88
* Area of perennial crops: 893
* Area of natural pasture: 18,242
* Persons dependent on farming: 940
* Farms with tractors: 52
* Number of tractors: 64 IBG

## Education and Health

* Literacy rate: 85.8%
* Infant mortality rate: 18.23 in 1,000 live births
* Schools: 6
* Students: 1,325
* Hospitals: 2
* Hospital beds: 31
* Health centers: 2

### History

The town began in 1940 when three landowners give land to install a town which would be called Planura Verde (Green Plain). The settlement began to grow around a football field where locals came on Sunday to watch the games and pray at the foot of a cross. Soon the first houses were built. In 1943 the Arraial (village) was elevated to the category of district of Piracanjuba. It received the name "Cromínia" due to the great quantity of chrome in the region. In 1954 the district became a municipality.
Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index
* MHDI: 0.769
* State ranking: 40 (out of 242 municipalities in 2000)
* National ranking: 1,347 (out of 5,507 municipalities in 2000)
For the complete list see Frigoletto
# Brad Knott

John Bradford Knott (born April 17, 1986) is an American attorney and politician who is the member for the United States House of Representatives in North Carolina's 13th congressional district.

## Early life, family, and education

John Bradford Knott was born on April 17, 1986. His father, Joseph Thomas Knott III, was an assistant U.S. attorney. Knott's grandfather, James Thomas Knott Jr., served in the U.S. Army during World War II and was a member of the Wake County Board of Commissioners for twelve years.
He attended St. David's School, an Episcopal day school in Raleigh, North Carolina. Knott earned his bachelor's degree from Baylor University and his Juris Doctor degree from the Wake Forest University School of Law.

## Career

Knott worked as a federal prosecutor in the office of the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina.
He ran for the United States House of Representatives seat for North Carolina's 13th congressional district in the 2024 elections. He advanced to a runoff election against Kelly Daughtry, who finished in first place with 27% of the vote, while Knott obtained about 19%. After Donald Trump and Americans for Prosperity endorsed Knott, Daughtry dropped out of the race, leaving Knott to become the Republican nominee. He won the November election.

## Personal life

Knott is married to Joanne Saleeby, a former golfer at NC State University and the owner of Monkee's of Raleigh boutique. They have two children.
He is Baptist.

## Electoral history

2024 North Carolina's 13th congressional district Republican primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Kelly Daughtry | 22,978 | 27.4 |
| | Republican | Brad Knott | 15,664 | 18.7 |
| | Republican | Fred Von Canon | 14,344 | 17.1 |
| | Republican | DeVan Barbour | 12,892 | 15.4 |
| | Republican | Josh McConkey | 5,926 | 7.1 |
| | Republican | Kenny Xu | 3,604 | 4.3 |
| | Republican | David Dixon | 2,146 | 2.6 |
| | Republican | Matt Shoemaker | 2,003 | 2.4 |
| | Republican | Chris Baker | 1,089 | 1.3 |
| | Republican | Eric Stevenson | 844 | 1.0 |
| | Republican | Marcus Dellinger | 798 | 1.0 |
| | Republican | Siddhanth Sharma | 614 | 0.7 |
| | Republican | James Phillips | 565 | 0.7 |
| | Republican | Steve Von Loor | 427 | 0.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 83,894 | 100.0 |
2024 North Carolina's 13th congressional district Republican primary runoff results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Brad Knott | 19,632 | 90.8 |
| | Republican | Kelly Daughtry (withdrawn) | 1,998 | 9.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,630 | 100.0 |
2024 North Carolina's 13th congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Brad Knott | 243,655 | 58.6 |
| | Democratic | Frank Pierce | 171,835 | 41.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 415,490 | 100.0 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |
# Irena Pantelic

Irena Pantelic (born 1981, Rotterdam) is a Dutch model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Nederland 2001. She represented the Netherlands at the Miss World pageant in Sun City, South Africa. Pantelic was born in Rotterdam, her parents are immigrants from former Yugoslavia. She was raised in Capelle aan den IJssel and attended the Nationale Hogeschool voor Toerisme en Verkeer in Breda.
In 2001 she first became Miss South Holland and later went on to become Miss Netherlands. In 2002 she became a candidate for the Dutch Parliament for the Lijst Pim Fortuyn. Prior to the 2002 elections, turmoil erupted in the party, because Irena Pantelic and Antonia Viljac accused two other party members of sexual harassment in a letter to the party board.
This letter however, was leaked to the press and Irena Pantelic and Antonia Viljac were degraded on the candidate list. She was not elected in the elections of 2002, which took place only days after the assassination of the party's controversial leader Pim Fortuyn. She never returned to politics.
After her internship she started working as a model again, mainly in Lebanon and South Africa. In 2007 she got married. Since 2007, she has given birth to three children.
In 2009 she began working as a model again. In 2012 she became the licence holder for Miss South Holland, the local pageant for pre-selection of candidates for Miss Netherlands. In 2013 she was awarded the Campaign Award at the Dutch Model Awards.
# Rose O'Salem-Town

Rose O'Salem-Town is a 1910 silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith.
The story takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, during the era of the Witch Trials.

## Cast

* Dorothy West - A Sea Child
* Clara T. Bracy - The Sea Child's Mother
* Henry B. Walthall - The Trapper
* George Nichols - The Puritan
uncredited
* William J. Butler - Judge
* Verner Clarges - Judge
* Edward Dillon - A Puritan
* Gladys Egan - Little Child
* Frank Evans - Judge
* Francis J. Grandon - Captor
* Gey Hedlund - Indian
* Arthur V. Johnson -
* Henry Lehrman - Captor
* Marion Leonard -
* Charles Hill Mailes - Indian/Puritan
# Ampelita unicolor

Ampelita unicolor is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Acavidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 16 mm, its diameter 32 mm.
(Original description in Latin) The shell is umbilicated and depressed. It is characterized by a sharp keel and a thin, brown structure. Its upper surface is finely striated, while the lower surface features several raised spiral lines. The spire is depressed-conoidal. The shell comprises five rather flat whorls, which gradually increase in size. The body whorl does not descend anteriorly, and the base is convex, exhibiting an abrupt angle at the narrow umbilicus. The aperture is rhomboidal. The peristome is dark brown, with its margins connected by a very thin callus. The upper margin is dilated and expanded, the basal margin is ascending and straight, and the columellar margin is short, dilated, partially concealing the umbilicus, and forms an angular junction with the basal margin.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Madagascar.
# Sanhe, Yanling

Sanhe (Chinese: 三河镇; pinyin: Sānhé Zhèn) is a historic town located in the northern west of Yanling County, Hunan, China; it was merged to Xiayang Town in November 2015. The town had 17 villages under its jurisdiction with an area of 111.07 km$^2$ (42.88 sq mi). As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 24,924, with its administrative centre at Hejia village (霍家).

## History

As a historic division of Yanling, Sanhe belonged to Kangle (康乐乡) and Zhongzheng (中正乡) townships in 1949, Hedong (河东乡) and Hemo (河漠乡) townships in 1956. Merging Hedong, Hemo and Hexi (河西乡) three townships created Sanhe Commune (三河公社) in 1958. A part of Sanhe was divided to Hexi Commune (the former Wangjiadu Town, modern Luyuan Town). Sanhe Commune was reorganized as a township in 1984, and a town in 1996. On November 20, 2015, Sanhe Town was merged to Xiayang Town.

## Subdivisions

It is divided into one community, Huojiaxu Community, and 11 villages: Xingguang Village, Taihe Village, Tuanxi Village, Xitai Village, Xiantianzhou Village, Tianping Village, Longkeng Village, Huojia Village, Miaoqian Village, Yuantou Village, and Dakeng Village.
# Aʻumi, American Samoa

Aʻumi is a village on the central south coast of Tutuila Island, American Samoa.
It is located to the east of Pago Pago Harbor and west of Alega.
Fatutoʻaga Rock (Pyramid Rock) is an islet which lies outside Lauliʻi near Aumi. Eastbound buses from Downtown Pago Pago go to the beaches near Pyramid Rock. Pyramid Rock is a prominent islet located just over one mile east of Breakers Point Naval Guns. Rising to a height of 89 feet, it is notable for its geological significance and serves as an important site for studying volcanic activity in the region. Pyramid Rock is recognized for its exposed dikes, which are geological formations created by the intrusion of magma into pre-existing rock layers. These dikes, often short, pod-shaped, or lenticular, resemble those found in the high cliffs of Olosega. Historically, Pyramid Rock was the site of a lighthouse, though its current status is unclear. It is one of several key locations in American Samoa, including Pago Pago, Fagaʻitua, Amouli, and Afono Bays, that offer valuable insights into the volcanic history and geological evolution of the islands.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 2020 | 176 |
| 2010 | 186 |
| 2000 | 249 |
| 1990 | 228 |
| 1980 | 155 |
# Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area

The Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county – Richland – in north central Ohio, anchored by the city of Mansfield. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 124,936. The MSA forms the eastern half of the Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH CSA.

## History

The Mansfield metropolitan area was first defined in 1971. Then known as the Mansfield Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Mansfield SMSA), it consisted of a single county – Richland – and had a population of 129,997 in the 1970 census. By the census of 1980, the population had grown to 131,205. In 1983, the official name was shortened to the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (Mansfield MSA), which is still in use to date. The population had declined to 126,137 in 1990. By the census of 2000, the population had grown to 128,852.
Crawford County was added to the MSA in 1999. The two-county area had 175,818 residents in 2000. In 2003, Crawford County was removed from the Mansfield metropolitan area and was re-designated as the Bucyrus Micropolitan Statistical Area (Bucyrus μSA).

## Communities
### Cities

* Crestline (partial)
* Galion (partial)
* Mansfield (Principal city)
* Ontario
* Shelby

### Villages

* Bellville
* Butler
* Lexington
* Lucas
* Plymouth (partial)
* Shiloh

### Unincorporated places

* Olivesburg

## Townships

| Blooming Grove Butler Cass Franklin Jackson Jefferson | Madison Mifflin Monroe Perry Plymouth Sandusky | Sharon Springfield Troy Washington Weller Worthington |

## Combined Statistical Area

The Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus Combined Statistical Area is made up of three counties in Northern Ohio. The statistical area includes one metropolitan area and two micropolitan areas.
* Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
** Mansfield (Richland County)
* Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs)
** Ashland (Ashland County)
** Bucyrus (Crawford County)
# Moulton Street

43°39′23″N 70°15′10″W﻿ / ﻿43.656252°N 70.252846°W﻿ / 43.656252; -70.252846
Moulton Street is a historic downtown street in Portland, Maine, United States. Situated in the heart of the Old Port, it runs for around 233 feet (71 m), from Fore Street in the northwest to Commercial Street in the southeast. One-way from Fore Street, its surface is cobblestoned, with brick sidewalks. The street is named for William H. Moulton, president of the Cumberland Bank, which stood at the corner of Moulton and Commercial.
At the corner of Fore and Moulton is a Portland Freedom Trail marker for the anti-slavery bookstore and printshop run by Daniel Colesworthy. The Mariner's Church, built in 1828 in the Greek Revival style, stands at the northern corner of Fore and Moulton. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. C. H. Robinson, a paper company owned by Charles Henry Robinson (1839–after 1926), formerly occupied the entire block, including 9 Moulton Street, which became the home of Mexicali Blues for 28 years. Old Port Tavern occupied part of the Mariner's Church building between 1973 and 2022.
At the head of Moulton Street, 375 Fore Street was the home of Bull Feeney's, which closed in 2023 after 21 years in business.
Long Wharf, the home of DiMillo's Floating Restaurant, stands across Commercial Street from Moulton Street. Wharf Street, meanwhile, runs southwest from Moulton Street to Union Street, crossing Dana Street en route.
Moulton Street has been noted for its boutique stores.
* C. H. Robinson Company in the Mariner's Church, viewed from Fore Street (mid-20th century)
* Portland Freedom Trail marker referencing Daniel Colesworthy
* Looking northwest along Moulton Street from Commercial Street (2024)
* Wharf Street from Moulton Street (2012)
# Charles Warburton (priest)

Charles Warburton (1780–1855) was Archdeacon of Tuam from 1808 until 1855.
The son of Bishop Charles Warburton he was born in New York, educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Chancellor of the Diocese of Limerick from 1813 until 1855; the incumbent at Drishane from 1815 to 1820, and then of Clonmel until his death.
# Alcorta v. Texas

Alcorta v. Texas, 355 U.S. 28 (1957), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that perjury from a prosecution witness is a due process violation when the prosecutor knows the witness testimony is false.

## Description

The prosecutor in this case told the witness to withhold information about a serious romantic relationship unless specifically asked about it, so the witness falsely claimed that the relationship was casual. The false statement was irrelevant to the prosecution's case and would have only gone to the witness's credibility; even so, the case was tainted such that the Supreme Court reversed the defendant's conviction.
# Basilica of SS. Ulrich and Afra, Augsburg

The Basilica of SS. Ulrich and Afra (German: Basilika SS. Ulrich and Afra) is a Catholic parish in Augsburg in Bavaria, which originated from the Roman tomb of Saint Afra, who was martyred in 304.
The building is a great example of Gothic architecture in Germany; in its interior it conserves three enormous and very precious altars of Renaissance, each of which is considered a masterpiece of the German sculpture of the period. Its high bell tower with an "onion" dome, which dominates the city to the south, served as a prototype for the construction of numerous baroque towers of Bavaria.
In 1577 (officially) and 1643–1644 (virtually) the church, which was called the Benedictine abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra, was elevated to the rank of imperial abbey. On October 18, 1777, a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart organ concert was held. On May 4, 1782, Pope Pius VI celebrated Mass in the basilica. Secularized in 1802, it entered the possession of the State of Bavaria. In 1810 the church was elevated to a parish church. From July 4, 1937, it was declared by Pope Pius XI as a minor basilica. On May 4, 1987, it was visited by Pope John Paul II.