# Mean Girls (musical)

Mean Girls is a rock musical with a book by Tina Fey, lyrics by Nell Benjamin, and music by Jeff Richmond. It is based on the 2004 film by Mark Waters, which was also written by Fey and was in turn inspired by Rosalind Wiseman's 2002 book Queen Bees and Wannabes. The musical focuses on Cady Heron, a teenage girl who transfers to a public high school after being homeschooled her whole life in Africa. At school, she befriends outsiders Janis Sarkasian and Damian Hubbard who persuade her to infiltrate the "Plastics", a clique consisting of wealthy but insecure Gretchen Wieners, sweet but dimwitted Karen Smith, and "queen bee" Regina George.
Directed and choreographed by Casey Nicholaw, and produced by Lorne Michaels, the original production of Mean Girls premiered on Broadway at the August Wilson Theatre in 2018, after completing pre-Broadway tryouts in Washington, D.C. at the National Theatre in 2017. The show received positive to mixed reviews from critics and was nominated for twelve awards at the 72nd Tony Awards, including Best Musical. A recording featuring the original Broadway cast was released in 2018 by Atlantic Records. The show closed after 833 performances on Broadway on March 11, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
A film adaptation was released in theaters in January 2024.

## Background

A musical adaptation of the 2004 film Mean Girls was in the works by 2013. News emerged on October 3, 2016—dubbed "Mean Girls Day" by fans, referencing a line in the movie "On October 3rd he asked me what day it was"—that the musical would have its world premiere in Washington, D.C., in the fall of 2017. On December 30, 2016, producers confirmed that the musical would make its premiere at the National Theatre in October 2017.

## Productions
### Broadway (2018–2020)

The musical made its world premiere at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C., on October 31, 2017, and ran through December 3, 2017. Mean Girls began previews on Broadway at the August Wilson Theatre on March 12, 2018, before opening officially on April 8, 2018. Casey Nicholaw was the director of the show and its choreographer, and the musical is produced by Lorne Michaels and Stuart Thompson. The musical has costumes by Gregg Barnes, scenic design by Scott Pask, video design by Finn Ross and Adam Young, lighting by Kenneth Posner and sound by Brian Ronan. It was announced on January 23, 2020, that the Broadway production has recouped its capitalization. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced theatres across the nation to close, the show halted performances on March 11, 2020, when Broadway shut down; it was later announced on January 7, 2021, that Mean Girls had closed permanently after 833 performances.

### U.S. National Tour (2019–present)

The U.S. national tour began in Buffalo, New York, at Shea's Performing Arts Center, on September 21, 2019, with Mary Kate Morrissey as Janis Sarkasian, Danielle Wade as Cady Heron, Mariah Rose Faith as Regina George, Megan Masako Haley as Gretchen Wieners, Jonalyn Saxer as Karen Smith, Eric Huffman as Damian Hubbard, Adante Carter as Aaron Samuels, and Kabir Bery as Kevin Gnapoor. The national tour concluded in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in May 2023.
A non-equity second national tour began on September 26, 2023, at the Landmark Theatre in Syracuse, New York and is scheduled to continue touring through May 2024. The cast is led by Natalie Shaw as Cady, Maya Petropoulos as Regina George, Kristen Amanda Smith as Gretchen, MaryRose Brendel as Karen, Alexys Morera as Janis, Ethan Jih-Cook as Damian, Joseph Torres as Aaron and Shawn Mathews as Kevin.

### West End (2024–present)

A West End production expected to open in 2021 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A production began previews at the Savoy Theatre on June 5, 2024 with an opening night on June 26. The cast includes Charlie Burn as Cady, Georgina Castle as Regina, Elèna Gyasi as Gretchen, Grace Mouat as Karen, Elena Skye as Janis, Tom Xander as Damian, Daniel Bravo as Aaron, Lucca Chadwick-Patel as Kevin, Ako Mitchell as Mr Duvall, and Zoë Rainey as Ms Norbury, Mrs George and Ms Heron.

## Synopsis
### Act One

Janis Sarkasian and Damian Hubbard introduce the audience to Cady Heron, breaking the fourth wall and inviting them on their journey ("A Cautionary Tale"). Cady and her parents have moved to a Chicago suburb from Kenya, Africa but Cady soon realizes that her high school classmates do not readily accept others who differ from them. Despite this, she is ready to accept the challenge of fitting in at the high school ("It Roars"), only for Cady to find that no one seems to like her or even acknowledge her ("It Roars" (reprise)). Janis and Damian decide to help her as she tries to find her social group ("Where Do You Belong?"); describing the clique of high school social royalty dubbed "the Plastics" in particular. The trio consists of Regina George, the "Queen Bee"; Gretchen Wieners, Regina's nervous, eager-to-please second-in-command; and Karen Smith, the stereotypical dumb blonde. Regina and her fellow Plastics decide that the new girl will eat lunch with them for the rest of the week ("Meet the Plastics"). When Cady tells Damian and Janis about the invitation, the latter asks her to say yes to the Plastics and tell them everything they say. Damian tries to explain why they hate Regina, but Janis interrupts him.
In AP Calculus, Cady meets the dreamy Aaron Samuels and immediately falls for him ("Stupid with Love"). Kevin, head of the Mathletes, is impressed with Cady's performance in class and asks her to join them, but Gretchen warns Cady that joining the Mathletes is social suicide and Regina puts down Kevin to make him leave. Cady thinks Regina is nice for "protecting" her, but Janis warns her that Regina is dangerous. Amazed and intoxicated by her newfound power, however, Cady does not pay attention to Janis’s words ("Apex Predator"). At the mall, Gretchen asks Cady if she has met any boys she likes. When Cady tells her about Aaron, Gretchen becomes horrified because he is Regina's ex-boyfriend, which makes him off-limits to her friends. The Plastics and Cady retire to Regina's house, where they meet her "cool mom" and Gretchen and Karen show Cady their old Burn Book, where they put photos of their classmates and write mean comments about them. When they come across Janis' photo in the book, Gretchen explains that she and Regina used to be best friends. Regina claims Janis freaked out when she was unable to invite her to her thirteenth birthday party and ended up in art therapy. Later, Gretchen confides in Cady that, because of the state of her friendship with Regina, she has lost all confidence in herself ("What's Wrong With Me?").
The next day, Aaron tells Cady that his previous relationship with Regina made him feel like he was not himself; he has sworn off of dating. Cady feigns ignorance to get closer to Aaron, and get his help with math ("Stupid with Love" (reprise)). Aaron invites Cady to his Halloween party. Meanwhile, Karen explains that Halloween in high school is all about looking sexy ("Sexy"). Cady fails to realize this and arrives at the party in a "scary" costume, embarrassing herself. At the party, Gretchen tells Regina about Cady's crush on Aaron. Regina decides to flirt with and manipulate Aaron to spite Cady ("Someone Gets Hurt"). Cady sees Aaron kissing Regina and is devastated.
Furious, Cady shows up at Damian's house and tells him and Janis what happened. Damian tells Cady that the real reason Regina and Janis stopped being friends was that in 6th grade, Regina accused Janis of being a lesbian. When the latter was unable to deny it, her classmates bullied her until she left school. The three friends decide to work together to get revenge on Regina, starting with giving her Kälteen Bars to make her gain weight. They also trick Gretchen by sending a fake Candy Cane Gram to Cady from "Regina" saying that they are now best friends. This leads Gretchen to reveal Regina's secret hook-ups with football player Shane Oman, among other vengeful acts ("Revenge Party"). After the Plastics' disastrous "Rockin' Around the Pole" dance at the school talent show, people start noticing Regina's weight gain. Later, when she breaks one of the Plastics' arbitrary clothing rules, Cady stands up to her; banning her from sitting at their table. Everyone is relieved to be freed from Regina's rule ("Fearless"). Cady tries to apologize to Regina for kicking her out, but she insinuates that her reign is far from over ("Someone Gets Hurt" (reprise)).

### Act Two

Following the winter break, Cady has undergone a complete makeover befitting her new "Queen Bee" status leading Karen and Gretchen ("A Cautionary Tale" (reprise)), though Damian and Janis disapprove of this. After Cady tells Janis that she cannot attend her art show because of a trip with her parents, Damian and the other girls of North Shore High School try to hamper Cady's ever-growing social obsessions and make her stop acting dumb for Aaron by telling her about their own negative past experiences with obsessive behavior ("Stop"). Gretchen and Karen convince Cady to lie to her parents and throw a "small" party while they are gone that weekend. Gretchen starts to notice similarities between her friendship with Regina and Cady while Mrs. George wonders why her daughter refuses to confide in her; reminiscing about the old days when Regina was a child. Concurrently, Gretchen contemplates being friends with Cady ("What's Wrong With Me?" (reprise)).
Following Gretchen and Karen's advice, Cady throws a party in an attempt to get Aaron to come over. However, she becomes intoxicated and crazier ("Whose House is This?"). When Aaron shows up, they sneak off to her bedroom, where Cady tells him the "funny" story about how she pretended that she was dumb to make him like her. Aaron becomes upset and says he liked the smart and kind Cady, not her new Plastic self ("More is Better"). He leaves, but she chases after him and runs into Janis and Damian outside, who have come to confront her after the art show. They tell Cady that she betrayed their trust, lied to them, and has gone full Plastic. Cady accuses Janis of being in love with her, just as Regina did years ago. Janis and Damian are disgusted by Cady's behavior, with the former throwing a picture she submitted to her art show at Cady; revealing that the winning painting was of the three of them ("Someone Gets Hurt" (reprise)).
When Regina discovers that she was not invited to Cady's party and that the Kälteen Bars were the cause of her weight gain, she decides to get revenge by releasing the Burn Book after adding "Regina is a Fugly Cow" to it in order to take the blame off of herself. She throws copies of the Burn Book pages all over the school, revealing the insults about everyone they know, except Karen, Gretchen, and Cady ("World Burn"). All of the junior class girls begin fighting over the insults. Janis and Damian see an insult in the book that only Cady could have written about him. At a required assembly about the Burn Book, Ms. Norbury tries to bring the girls together. Janis explains her philosophy to the school, referencing her failed friendships with both Cady and Regina; empowering the girls to stand up for themselves ("I'd Rather Be Me"). When Regina storms out in anger and disbelief, Cady tries to apologize, but Regina gets distracted and hit by a passing school bus.
The accident prompts Cady to reevaluate herself and realize what a monster she has become. After learning Ms. Norbury was about to be fired due to the things she wrote, Cady takes full blame for the Burn Book, despite not having written the entire thing herself. She is suspended for three weeks and banned from the Spring Fling ("Fearless" (reprise)). When Cady returns to school, Ms. Norbury offers her a way to earn extra credit and save her grade: joining the Mathletes at the state championships. The team wins, and Cady feels redeemed ("Do This Thing"). She then sneaks into the Spring Fling with Aaron's help after kissing him. There, she runs into Regina, and they have a heart-to-heart before making up.
Cady is elected Spring Fling Queen, but after noticing how fragile and cheap the plastic crown is, she breaks it into several pieces and gives them to each girl in attendance – telling them they are all "real, and rare." She apologizes to Janis and Damian, and they move forward as friends once more. Cady, Damian, Janis, Gretchen, Karen, Aaron, and Regina join together, finally accepting each other ("I See Stars").

## Cast and characters

| Character | Washington, D.C. | Broadway | First National Tour | Second National Tour | West End |
| Character | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Cady Heron | Erika Henningsen | Erika Henningsen | Danielle Wade | Natalie Shaw | Charlie Burn |
| Regina George | Taylor Louderman | Taylor Louderman | Mariah Rose Faith | Maya Petropoulos | Georgina Castle |
| Janis Sarkisian | Barrett Wilbert Weed | Barrett Wilbert Weed | Mary Kate Morrissey | Alexys Morera | Elena Skye |
| Damian Hubbard | Grey Henson | Grey Henson | Eric Huffman | Ethan Jih-Cook | Tom Xander |
| Gretchen Wieners | Ashley Park | Ashley Park | Megan Masako Haley | Kristen Amanda Smith | Elèna Gyasi |
| Karen Smith | Kate Rockwell | Kate Rockwell | Jonalyn Saxer | Mary Rose Brendel | Grace Mouat |
| Aaron Samuels | Kyle Selig | Kyle Selig | Adante Carter | Joseph Torres | Daniel Bravo |
| Kevin Gnapoor | Cheech Manohar | Cheech Manohar | Kabir Bery | Shawn Mathews | Lucca Chadwick-Patel |
| Mrs. Heron/Ms. Norbury/Mrs. George | Kerry Butler | Kerry Butler | Gaelen Gilliland | Kristen Seggio | Zoë Rainey |
| Mr. Duvall | Rick Younger | Rick Younger | Lawrence E. Street | Justin Phillips | Ako Mitchell |

### Notable cast replacements
#### Broadway (2018–2020)

* Cady Heron: Sabrina Carpenter
* Regina George: Reneé Rapp
* Gretchen Wieners: Krystina Alabado
* Aaron Samuels: Cameron Dallas
* Mrs. Heron/Ms. Norbury/Mrs. George: Jennifer Simard, Catherine Brunell

#### First U.S. national tour (2019–2023)

* Janis Sarkisian: Lindsay Pearce

## Musical numbers

Key:
* $^†$ Not included on Original Broadway Cast Recording
* $^{††}$ Included as part of "Fearless" on Original Broadway Cast Recording
* $^‡$ Cut in first US tour and on Broadway in newer version
* $^*$ Cut in the West End production
* $^{**}$ Replaced with "I'm Blowing Up" in the West End production
Source:

## Recording

The Original Broadway Cast recording was released digitally in the U.S. on May 18, 2018. The physical album was released in the U.S. on June 15, 2018. The album debuted at number 42 on the Billboard 200 chart, the highest debut for a cast album in over a year.
On December 7, 2018, a full version of "Rockin' Around the Pole", a song that does not appear on the cast recording and was cut from the musical but still used as a short snippet during the talent show scene, was released on digital music platforms. A music video for the holiday song was also released. On April 8, 2020, a live recording of "Bossed Up", a song that was included in the show's Washington, D.C., tryout but was ultimately cut from the Broadway production, was officially released to celebrate what would have been the show's second anniversary on Broadway.

## Critical response

Marilyn Stasio, in her review for Variety wrote: "Fey has front-loaded the show with great gags...Nell Benjamin's lyrics aren't half as clever as Fey's off-the-cuff wisecracks, but they get the job done and are quirky enough to make you listen hard for the good stuff, providing enough payoff lyrics to reward your attention... Fans of the original movie should be reassured that nothing important has been purged from the story."
David Rooney, in his review for The Hollywood Reporter, wrote: "If the songs composed by Fey's husband Jeff Richmond with lyrics by Nell Benjamin more often fall into workmanlike pastiche than inspired musical storytelling, too seldom developing robust melodic hooks, the score at least wins points for democratization. Every one of the principals gets a musical moment that tells us who they are, both the protective outer shell developed to survive the savage jungle of high school, and the tender human core, yearning to connect... While the show's book outshines the score, the songs pack in their share of wit, both in Benjamin's nimble lyrics (recalling her work on the Legally Blonde musical) and Richmond's buoyant tunes, which borrow with a wink from a variety of styles."
Sara Holdren, reviewing in New York "Vulture" section wrote: "'Mean Girls' isn't flawless. The first act is so strong, with such a well-built, fast-paced arc, that the second half feels like it takes a few tugs on the starter cord before the lawnmower fires up again. Some of the movie's best jokes don't fully land in their delivery...It's not shocking that 'Mean Girls' is a fast-paced fancy fun time, but it's a real treat to find that it's still witty, worldly, and wise."
The New York Times's reviewer Ben Brantley wrote "The trouble lies in the less assured translation of Ms. Fey's sly take on adolescent social angst into crowd-pleasing song and dance. Mr. Richmond and Ms. Benjamin's many (many) musical numbers are passable by middle-of-the-road Broadway standards, yet they rarely capture either the tone or the time of being a certain age in a certain era... the show weighs in at two and a half hours, as opposed to the movie's zippy 97 minutes." However, he ultimately stated he enjoyed parts of the performance, saying: "There's a reason the show is called 'Mean Girls.' They're the next-door versions of those cosmetically perfect pop and movie stars whose public vanities and follies we savor with such glee. Ms. Fey is an ace student of this universal prurience. She's also smart enough to let us wallow in and renounce it at the same time."
Entertainment Weekly's Kristen Baldwin gave the musical a B+, writing: "An ode to self-respect and the benefits of a STEM-based education, Broadway's Mean Girls is a lively, frequently hilarious adaptation of Tina Fey's 2004 high school comedy. Propelled by dazzling set design and several stand-out performances, the musical – written by Fey, with music by Jeff Richmond, and directed by Casey Nicholaw (The Book of Mormon) – gives fans everything they want while bringing the saga of Regina George and the Plastics into the social media age."

## Film adaptation

A film adaptation of the musical was released in theaters on January 12, 2024, by Paramount Pictures. Arturo Perez and Samantha Jayne directed the film, with Tina Fey returning to write the screenplay. Jeff Richmond and lyricist Nell Benjamin also returned to rework their songs from the musical.
It features Angourie Rice as Cady, Auliʻi Cravalho as Janis, Christopher Briney as Aaron, Jaquel Spivey as Damian, Bebe Wood as Gretchen, and Avantika Vandanapu as Karen. Reneé Rapp, who previously portrayed Regina George as a replacement in the musical reprises the role, while Fey and Tim Meadows reprise their roles from the original 2004 film. Ashley Park, who originated the role of Gretchen in the musical, makes a cameo in the film.

## Awards and nominations
### Original Washington, D.C., production (2017)

| Year | Award Ceremony | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 2018 | Helen Hayes Awards | Outstanding Visiting Production | Outstanding Visiting Production | Won |
| 2018 | Helen Hayes Awards | Outstanding Performer – Visiting Production | Grey Henson | Nominated |
| 2018 | Helen Hayes Awards | Outstanding Performer – Visiting Production | Kate Rockwell | Nominated |

### Original Broadway production (2018)

| Year | Award Ceremony | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Musical | Best Musical | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical | Taylor Louderman | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical | Grey Henson | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical | Ashley Park | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Book of a Musical | Tina Fey | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Original Score | Jeff Richmond and Nell Benjamin | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Scenic Design of a Musical | Scott Pask, Finn Ross & Adam Young | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Costume Design of a Musical | Gregg Barnes | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Sound Design of a Musical | Brian Ronan | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Direction of a Musical | Casey Nicholaw | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Choreography | Casey Nicholaw | Nominated |
| 2018 | Tony Awards | Best Orchestrations | John Clancy | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Musical | Outstanding Musical | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical | Grey Henson | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | Ashley Park | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | Kate Rockwell | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Choreography | Casey Nicholaw | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Lyrics | Nell Benjamin | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Book of a Musical | Tina Fey | Won |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Costume Design | Gregg Barnes | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Projection Design | Finn Ross & Adam Young | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Wig and Hair Design | Josh Marquette | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama League Awards | Outstanding Production of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Musical | Outstanding Production of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Musical | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama League Awards | Distinguished Performance Award | Taylor Louderman | Nominated |
| 2018 | Drama League Awards | Distinguished Performance Award | Ashley Park | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding New Broadway Musical | Outstanding New Broadway Musical | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Book of a Musical (Broadway or Off-Broadway) | Tina Fey | Won |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Director of a Musical | Casey Nicholaw | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Leading Actress in a Musical | Erika Henningsen | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Leading Actress in a Musical | Taylor Louderman | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | Kerry Butler | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | Ashley Park | Nominated |
| 2018 | Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Projection Design (Play or Musical) | Finn Ross & Adam Young | Nominated |
| 2018 | Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography | Outstanding Choreography in a Broadway Show | Casey Nicholaw | Nominated |
| 2018 | Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography | Outstanding Ensemble in a Broadway Show | Outstanding Ensemble in a Broadway Show | Won (tie) |
| 2018 | Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography | Outstanding Female Dancer in a Broadway Show | Ashley Park | Nominated |