# Gattaran

Gattaran, officially the Municipality of Gattaran (Ibanag: Ili nat Gattaran; Ilocano: Ili ti Gattaran; Tagalog: Bayan ng Gattaran), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 58,874 people.
Gattaran's historic spots and tourist landmarks include the Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens, Magapit Protected Landscape, Maduppaper Caves, the Mapaso Hot Spring and the Tanglagan Falls whose warm and cold waters meet and flow together on one bed to become the Dummun River. Another attraction of Gattaran is Bolos Point, a wildlife sanctuary. Gattaran is 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Tuguegarao and 546 kilometres (339 mi) from Manila.

## Etymology

The town was traditionally known as 'Najiping' (now the barangay of Nassiping). In Fr. Jose Bugarin's Ibanag dictionary (orig. 1600's, but this excerpt taken from Lobato de Santo Tomas version 1854) called it 'Najjiping' from the Ibanag word for 'conjoined, twins'. "Najjiping, town of this province, named so for being where the big river, or Bannag [Cagayan River], and the small [lit. 'chico'] tributary or Itabes (Itawis) river meet."
In the Murillo Velarde Map (1734), towns in the area are identified as "Gatara" and "Nasipin". The name of Gattaran itself is believed to originate from the word gattad which means "mountain-side", a reference to the town being flanked by the Sierra Madre mountains.

## History

In the place where Gattaran lies today were three former ecclesiastical towns: Nassiping, Dummun, and Gattaran proper. Nassiping is the oldest among the three, founded on June 15, 1596, with Santa Catalina as the patron saint; Dummun was founded on May 24, 1598, and Gattaran, May 20, 1623. Since each of these towns had few inhabitants and had only one priest to administer to their religious needs, they were merged for ecclesiastical convenience into one municipality in 1877 by virtue of a Diocesan Order from the Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Lallo). Fray Francisco Suejos, O.P. was the first Gobernadorcillo.
During the Spanish regime, the natives grew spiritually; but with the Americans, they grew educationally and the inhabitants assimilated a more sophisticated lifestyle. During the American period, Gattaran annexed the town of Nassiping, which was reduced into a barrio, in 1906. Under the Commonwealth government, the first Municipal Mayor was Melencio Adviento, who begun the construction of the present municipal building. The building was finished during the term of the next mayor, Atty. Hipolito Mandac. The municipal building was inaugurated in September, 1941. Four months after its inauguration, World War II broke out, the Japanese Forces occupied the town and all records, cadastral titles and others were confiscated by the invading forces. In 1944, the war's escalation led to the town's depopulation, with its inhabitants fleeing to the Sierra Madre or to the Zinundungan Valley in the west, now part of Lasam.
With the coming of the Americans to adding Filipino soldiers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary, the whole province was liberated from the Japanese forces. The first election of the Republic in 1947 made Delfino Liban the mayor. The administration marked the building of roads in the barrios, improvements of streets and others.
In 1950, the barrios of Gattaran to the west of the Cagayan River was separated to form the town of Lasam.
In the classical era, Gattaran used to be the home of hunter-gatherers who specialized in hunting mollusks. These hunter-gatherers have stockpiled their leftover mollusk shells in numerous sites in Gattaran and neighboring Lal-lo, until eventually, the shells formed into largest stock of shell-midden sites in the entire Philippines.
In 2006, the shell-midden sites of Gattaran and Lal-lo were included in the UNESCO Tentative List for World Heritage Site inclusion, a step closer to becoming a world heritage site. The shell-midden sites are currently being conserved by the local government from looting to preserve its outstanding universal value.

## Geography
### Barangays

Gattaran is politically subdivided into 50 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Abra
* Aguiguican
* Bangatan Ngagan
* Baracaoit
* Baraoidan
* Barbarit
* Basao
* Bolos Point
* Cabayu
* Calaoagan Bassit
* Calaoagan Dackel
* Capiddigan
* Capissayan Norte
* Capissayan Sur
* Casicallan Sur
* Casicallan Norte
* Centro Norte (Poblacion)
* Centro Sur (Poblacion)
* Cullit
* Cumao
* Cunig
* Dummun
* Fugu
* Ganzano
* Guising
* Langgan
* Lapogan
* L. Adviento
* Mabuno
* Nabaccayan
* Naddungan
* Nagatutuan
* Nassiping
* Newagac
* Palagao Norte
* Palagao Sur
* Piña Este
* Piña Weste
* Santa Ana
* San Carlos
* San Vicente
* Santa Maria
* Sidem
* Tagumay
* Takiki
* Taligan
* Tanglagan
* T. Elizaga (Mabirbira)
* Tubungan Este
* Tubungan Weste

### Climate

Climate data for Gattaran, Cagayan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 28 (82) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 26 (79) | 24 (75) | 28 (83) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 150 (5.9) | 106 (4.2) | 84 (3.3) | 48 (1.9) | 103 (4.1) | 115 (4.5) | 134 (5.3) | 156 (6.1) | 136 (5.4) | 240 (9.4) | 246 (9.7) | 300 (11.8) | 1,818 (71.6) |
| Average rainy days | 19 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 17.7 | 18.9 | 21.5 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 22.2 | 223.3 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Gattaran, Cagayan, was 58,874 people, with a density of 83 inhabitants per square kilometre or 210 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Gattaran
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2000 40.76
* 2003 27.09
* 2006 24.60
* 2009 19.24
* 2012 16.71
* 2015 14.83
* 2018 16.68
* 2021 13.61
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Government
### Local government

Gattaran is part of the first legislative district of the province of Cagayan. It is governed by a mayor, designated as its local chief executive, and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

### Election officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Ramon C. Nolasco Jr. |
| Mayor | Matthew C. Nolasco |
| Vice-Mayor | George R. Ancheta |
| Councilors | Roel A. Agulay |
| Councilors | Dennis A. Domingo |
| Councilors | Marlon V. Binueza |
| Councilors | Anthony Blaine B. Domingo |
| Councilors | Marissa V. Mabba |
| Councilors | Rogelio D. Marron Sr. |
| Councilors | Arnold U. Jimenez Sr. |
| Councilors | Venus U. Rabina |

## Education

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system. The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region. The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout the municipality.

## Notable personalities

* Silvetre Bello III, a cabinet member and secretary under two presidents, Corazon Aquino (Justice) and Rodrigo Roa Duterte (Labour and Employment), also served as Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process under the Duterte administration and was a native of Gattaran.