OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology

The Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) is a quasi government-public institute under the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. Formed in May 2009, the main functions of KIAT include analyzing and formulating Korean R&D and industrial policy, acting as an industrial technology innovation funding agency, creating Korea's industrial and technological ecosystem, and fostering international technological cooperation. KIAT has an annual budget of circa one billion dollars, and employs 257 staff. (2012)

## History

KIAT was formed in May 2009 by the merger and consolidation of six previous Korean government and public institutes: ITEP (Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Evaluation and Planning), KOTEF (Korea Industrial Technology Foundation), KTTC (Korea Technology Transfer Center), IITA (Institution for Information Technology Advancement), KMAC (Korea Materials and Components Industry Agency), and KIDP (Korea Institute of Design Promotion).

## KIAT Presidents

| Date | President |
| May, 2009–September, 2013 | Kim Yong Geun (김용근) |
| September, 2013–2018 | Chung Jae Hoon (정재훈) |
| September, 2018 | Han Chang Min (한창민) |
| September, 2018–2019 | Kim Hak Do (김학도) Interim |
| September, 2019–2022 | Seok Yeon Cheol (석연철) |
| September, 2022–present | Min Byung Ju (Ms) (민병주) |

## Project Funding and grants

In 2012, KIAT distributed circa US$940m in technology project grants and R&D funding.

## Events

KIAT is responsible for organizing numerous annual technology, R&D, and collaboration events. These include the tech+ forum and Eureka day events.

### tech+ forum

The Tech Plus Forum ('tech+ forum') has been held since 2009 in Korea. It is a 'knowledge concert' that gathers leading experts in innovation and inspiration to discuss themed-topics over the course of a two-day event. The name Tech+ is derived from technology, economy, culture and humanity. In 2012, tech+ was held under the theme of ‘dream@technology'.

### Eureka Day

EUREKA is a pan-European collaborative R&D network that was established in 1985. It currently has 41 full member countries and Korea is an associate member. KIAT acts as the EUREKA NCP (National Contact Point) for Korea, and since 2011 has held an annual Eureka day event to advance Korea-European cooperation and innovation via matchmaking and seminars.
# George W. Price

George W. Price, Jr. (c. 1843 – October 22, 1901) was a laborer, sailor, and politician in North Carolina. An African American, he served in the North Carolina House of Representatives and North Carolina Senate during the Reconstruction era.
Enslaved from birth in North Carolina, he worked as a plasterer to build a number of Wilmington landmarks, including the Bellamy Mansion and Thalian Hall. In 1862, along with William B. Gould and others, Price ran from slavery and joined the U. S Navy. After Emancipation, Price was elected state representative and senator from New Hanover County, North Carolina.
Prior to the Civil War, Price was enslaved by George Benticott. During a rainy night on September 21, 1862, Price escaped with seven other enslaved men by rowing a small boat 28 nautical miles (52 km) down the Cape Fear River. Just as the dawn was breaking, they rushed out into the Atlantic Ocean near Fort Caswell. There, the USS Cambridge of the Union blockade picked them up as contraband. Though they had no way of knowing it, within an hour and a half of their rescue President Abraham Lincoln convened a meeting of his cabinet to finalize plans to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Price enlisted into the United States Navy on board the Cambridge, but may have later deserted. He corresponded with William B. Gould throughout the war. After the war, Price grew to have considerable influence within the Black and Republican communities and was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1869-1870 and the North Carolina Senate from 1870 to 1872.
Price was known as an orator, and frequently spoke at ceremonies around North Carolina. In 1881, he led a Black delegation to Washington D.C. where they protested the unfair distribution of federal jobs to President James A. Garfield.
# Donnell Baker

Donnell Keith Baker (December 21, 1973 – February 5, 2020) was an American professional football wide receiver who played for the Carolina Panthers and St. Louis Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Southern University.

## Professional career
### Carolina Panthers

Baker was selected by the Carolina Panthers with the 217th pick in the 1996 NFL draft. He was released by the Panthers on August 25, 1996.

### St. Louis Rams

Baker was a member of the St. Louis Rams from 1996 to 1998. He was released by the Rams on August 24, 1998.
# The Resolve

The Resolve is a 1915 American silent short drama film directed by Henry Otto starring Ed Coxen, Lizette Thorne, and Winifred Greenwood.

## Cast

* Ed Coxen as Steven Brooks
* Lizette Thorne as Mrs. Stephen Brooks
* Winifred Greenwood as Nell
* Charlotte Burton
* George Field
* Lillian Knight
* John Steppling
# John W. Randolph

John W. Randolph was a state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Sunflower County and Leflore County in the Mississippi House of Representatives 1874 and 1875. In 1875, he was chosen to serve as the circuit and chancery clerk in Sunflower County. Up until the early 1900s, he attended Republican political conventions.
He was appointed to succeed G. W. Bowles on the chancery court.
# Claudio Vicuña Guerrero

Claudio Vicuña Guerrero (Santiago, December 31, 1833 - Santiago, February 28, 1907) was a politician and diplomat from Chile, who served as Minister of the Interior between 1890 and 1891 during the government of José Manuel Balmaceda, in the midst of the outbreak of the Chilean Civil War of 1891. He was elected President of the Republic of Chile in the July 1891 election, although he was unable to take office due to the opposition's victory over Balmaceda in the civil war.

## Biography

He was the son of Ignacio Vicuña Aguirre, who served as a deputy for Quillota between 1840 and 1843, and Carmen Guerrero Varas. He had seven siblings, among whom Ricardo Vicuña Guerrero stood out, serving as a deputy (1873–1876) and senator of the Constituent Congress of 1891. Despite coming from an aristocratic family, he was orphaned at an early age. He studied at the Instituto Nacional and later engaged in agriculture, where he amassed great wealth.
He was married to Lucía Subercaseaux Vicuña, with whom he had seven children. Among his children, politicians Augusto and Claudio Vicuña Subercaseaux stood out.
In the political sphere, he was a member of the Liberal Party and the Liberal Democratic Party. He was elected deputy for the province of Santiago for the 1876–1879 term. In 1879 he became a senator of the Republic for the same province, a position he held for two terms: 1879-1885 and 1888–1894.
After the outbreak of the Chilean Civil War of 1891, he remained loyal to the government of José Manuel Balmaceda, assuming the position of Minister of the Interior between October 15, 1890, and January 7, 1891. In this role, he was one of the conveners of the Constituent Congress established by Balmaceda to replace the suspended National Congress. He resumed the position of Minister of the Interior between February 23 and March 12, 1891. That same year, he also served as the intendant of Valparaíso. In the midst of the civil war, Vicuña was nominated as the Liberal Party's presidential candidate at its convention on March 8, 1891. The definitive defeat of the Balmacedists after the Battle of Placilla ended Vicuña's presidential aspirations: the military junta established its president, Captain Jorge Montt, as the sole candidate for the October 1891 elections.
The opposition's victory led Vicuña to seek diplomatic asylum, as he was considered a key member of the "Balmacedist dictatorship." Following his exile, he returned to Chile and continued his political career, participating in the reconstruction of the Balmacedist movement through the Liberal Democratic Party. He remained an influential figure in Chilean politics, advocating for the reintegration of Balmacedist supporters into the national political landscape.
Vicuña passed away in Santiago on 28 February 1907, leaving behind a significant legacy as one of the key figures of the Balmacedist movement and Chilean liberalism at the turn of the 20th century.
# Jin Ha

Jin Ha is a South Korean-born American actor known for his roles in the TV series Devs, Love Life, and Pachinko in addition to the musical Hamilton.

## Early life and education

Ha was born in Seoul, South Korea, before moving to the United States at the age of eight. After attending Choate Rosemary Hall, a Connecticut college-preparatory school, he enrolled at Columbia University. Though he applied to the school's theater department, Ha decided to study East Asian languages and cultures, graduating in 2013. He later obtained a graduate degree in acting from New York University Tisch School of the Arts.

## Career

After graduate school, Ha got his first acting job in 2016 in Troilus and Cressida with Shakespeare in the Park. He went on to join the original company of the Chicago production of Hamilton as ensemble member Phillip Schuyler/James Reynolds and as understudy of Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, John Laurens/Phillip Hamilton, and King George III; Ha returned to the Chicago production in 2018 to perform as Aaron Burr, and reprised the role for the Broadway production's reopening in 2021 following its hiatus during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2017, Ha originated the role of Chinese opera singer Song Liling opposite Clive Owen in the Broadway revival of David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly, directed by Julie Taymor. In 2018, he played Annas in NBC's production of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, which also featured John Legend and Sara Bareilles.
In 2020, Ha starred in the FX show Devs and had a recurring role in the HBO Max show Love Life opposite Anna Kendrick. Writing in The Hollywood Reporter, reviewer Daniel Fienberg gave Love Life a lukewarm review but praised Ha's performance, saying Ha was "making a strong case that he's ready for something much better than this".
Starting in 2022, Ha stars as Solomon Baek in Pachinko, adapted from the novel of the same name by Min Jin Lee.

## Credits
### Film and television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert | Annas | |
| 2018 | Hot Air | Wendel | |
| 2020 | Devs | Jamie | Main role |
| 2020 | Love Life | Augie | Recurring role |
| 2021 | The Same Storm | Elliot Park | |
| 2022–present | Pachinko | Solomon Baek | Main role |
| 2024 | Civil War | Sniper | |
| 2024 | Only Murders in the Building | Marshall P. Pope | Recurring role |

### Theater

| Year | Production | Role | Venue | Details |
| 2016 | Troilus and Cressida | Ensemble | Delacorte Theater | Shakespeare in the Park |
| 2016 | Hamilton | James Reynolds/Ensemble u/s John Laurens/Philip Hamilton u/s Aaron Burr u/s Alexander Hamilton u/s King George III | CIBC Theatre | Regional |
| 2017 | M. Butterfly | Song Liling | Cort Theatre | Broadway |
| 2018 | Jesus Christ Superstar | Annas | Marcy Avenue Armory | Concert |
| 2018 | Hamilton | Aaron Burr | CIBC Theatre | Regional |
| 2019 | Road Show | Hollis Bessemer | Encores! Off-Center | Off-Broadway |
| 2021 | Hamilton | Aaron Burr | Richard Rodgers Theatre | Broadway |
| 2023 | Here We Are | Soldier | The Shed | Off-Broadway |
| 2024 | A Little Night Music | Frid | David Geffen Hall | Lincoln Center |
# Alum Rock, Birmingham

Alum Rock is an inner-city suburb of Birmingham, England, located roughly 2 miles east of Birmingham city centre. The area is officially a division of Saltley.

## Neighbouring areas

Alum Rock includes the connecting streets of the 3 km Alum Rock Road beginning at Saltley Gate and ending at Railway Bridge. Once through the main shopping area, Alum Rock Road continues towards Stechford, passing through Pelham, before joining Washwood Heath Road at the Fox & Goose the eastern part of the main road is in Ward End.
The area locally known as "The Rock" starts at Saltley Gate and ends at the junction with Highfield Road and Bowyer Road.
Singer-songwriter and founding member of Duran Duran, Stephen Duffy, was born and brought up in Alum Rock.
Rockwood Academy is a secondary school located in the area.
Alum Rock covers most of Saltley and so runs into many of Saltley's neighbouring areas, Bordesley Green to the south, Ward End to the north and east and Nechells to the west.
Washwood Heath Road, which also begins at Saltley Gate, runs loosely parallel to Alum Rock Road for a mile, before both main roads join up in front of the Fox & Goose.

## Administrative area and census information

Until 2018 Alum Rock was part of the Washwood Heath ward. Following boundary changes in 2018 the area is now included in eponymous Alum Rock ward.
Census Data from the 2001 Census identifies the ward as having a higher population density, lower average age and a significantly higher ethnic minority population against the Birmingham average.

## Community organisations

The Saltley Gate Peace Group is an organisation based in Alum Rock, taking its name from the local roundabout which leads to the areas main shopping area, Alum Rock road.

## Buildings

* Brookhill Tavern, a Grade II listed pub

## Politics

Alum Rock ward is served by two Labour councillors; Mohammed Idrees and Mariam Khan.

### Schools

Schools in Alum Rock include:
* Rockwood Academy
* Shaw Hill Primary School

## Sports

The Alum rock area has its own football club. Set up in the 90s by the late Farid Khan, Alum Rock FC takes part in the South Birmingham Football League every season. The club is now looking to expand and include youth teams along with its senior First XI.
# Finland at the 1988 Winter Paralympics

Finland competed at the 1988 Winter Paralympics held in Innsbruck, Austria. In total, athletes representing Finland won nine gold medals, eight silver medals and eight bronze medals and the country finished in 4th place in the medal table.

## Biathlon

In total three medals were won by Finnish competitors:
* Jouko Grip won the gold medal in the Men's 7.5 km LW6/8 event
* Kalervo Pieksaemaeki won the silver medal in the Men's 7.5 km LW4 event
* Pertti Sankilampi won the bronze medal in the Men's 7.5 km LW2 event

## Cross-country skiing

The majority of the country's medals at the games (22 out of 25) were won in cross-country skiing.
# George Feifer

George Feifer (September 8, 1934 – November 12, 2019) was an American journalist, novelist, and historian. Known for his autobiographical novels chronicling life in the Soviet Union, he also wrote three books on the Battle of Okinawa. His novel The Girl from Petrovka was adapted into a film starring Goldie Hawn.
He was born in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1934, and lived in Manhattan before moving to Passaic, New Jersey, with his mother and attending Passaic High School, where he edited the school's newspaper. He attended Harvard College.
Feifer died in Los Angeles, California, in 2019.
# Oswego City Hall

Oswego City Hall is a historic city hall located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It was built in 1870 and is a 2+1⁄2-story masonry, mansarded structure with a distinctive central clock tower. It was designed by architect Horatio Nelson White (1814–1892).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
# Ministry of Science (Montenegro)

Minister of Science and Technological Development (Montenegrin: Ministar nauke) was the person in charge of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Montenegro (Ministarstvo nauke i tehnološkog razvoja). Prior to 2010, the Minister of Education and Science was in charge of science affairs. In 2020, Ministry once again merged into the Ministry of Education. It was once again re-established in 2022 as Ministry of Science and Technological Development.

## Ministers of Science (2010-2020)

Democratic Party of Socialists  Non-partisan
| Minister | Start of term | End of term |
| Sanja Vlahović | 29 December 2010 | 28 November 2016 |
| Sanja Damjanović | 28 November 2016 | 4 December 2020 |
| Biljana Šćepanović | 28 April 2022 | incumbent |
# Lothar Zinn

Lothar Zinn (19 March 1938 — 29 February 1980) was an East German chess International Master (IM) (1965), East Germany Chess Championships winner (1961, 1965), European Team Chess Championship team and individual medalist (1970).

## Biography

Lothar Zinn achieved the first significant chess successes in 1955 and 1956, winning twice in row the titles of the East Germany Youth Chess champion. In the 1960s Lothar Zinn was one of the leading East Germany chess players. He twice won East Germany Chess Championships: in 1961 and 1965. He was also three-times the champion of the East Germany in blitz (1971, 1973, 1976) as well as the gold medalist of the East Germany championship in fast chess (1977). In 1965, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title.
Lothar Zinn played for East Germany in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1962, at fourth board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+3, =2, -4),
* In 1966, at first reserve board in the 17th Chess Olympiad in Havana (+4, =1, -4),
* In 1968, at third board in the 18th Chess Olympiad in Lugano (+4, =3, -3),
* In 1970, at first reserve board in the 19th Chess Olympiad in Siegen (+3, =4, -2).
Lothar Zinn played for East Germany in the European Team Chess Championship:
* * In 1970, at sixt board in the 4th European Team Chess Championship in Kapfenberg (+3, =3, -1), and won team and individual bronze medals.
Lothar Zinn played for East Germany in the World Student Team Chess Championships:
* In 1960, at second board in the 7th World Student Team Chess Championship in Leningrad (+4, =2, -5),
* In 1961, at first board in the 8th World Student Team Chess Championship in Helsinki (+9, =1, -2) and won team bronze medal,
* In 1962, at first board in the 9th World Student Team Chess Championship in Mariánské Lázně (+7, =3, -3),
* In 1963, at third board in the 10th World Student Team Chess Championship in Budva (+5, =2, -2),
* In 1964, at first board in the 11th World Student Team Chess Championship in Kraków (+6, =1, -5).
# Chichibu Railway

The Chichibu Railway Company, Ltd. (秩父鉄道株式会社, Chichibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (三峰ロープウェイ) until it closed in December 2007 and the Mikajiri Line until its closure in 2020. Taiheiyo Cement is its largest shareholder, and one of Chichibu Railway's main operations is the transportation of limestone from Mount Bukō. The railway's passenger services concentrate on the tourism industry, as there are popular destinations along the line. A train hauled by a steam locomotive also operates regularly during some seasons, attracting tourists from around the country.

## Lines
### Railway lines

* Map of Chichibu main lineChichibu Main Line: from Hanyū to Mitsumineguchi (passenger line)

#### Former Lines

* Mikajiri Line (三ヶ尻線): from Takekawa Station to Kumagaya Kamotsu Terminal (freight line which carried coal closed in 2020)

### Aerial tramway lines

* Mitsumine Ropeway [ja] at Mitsumineguchi (closed in December 2007)
* Hodosan Ropeway at Nagatoro, Saitama (operated by subsidiary Hodo Kōgyō)

## History

* 8 November 1899 - Founded as Jōbu Railway (Headquartered in now-defunct Nihonbashi Ward, Tokyo City).
* 7 October 1901 - Started operations between Kumagaya and Yorii.
* 1916 - Company name changed to Chichibu Railway.
* 1921 - Started operations between Hokubu Railway's Hanyu Station and Gyoda Station (now Gyodashi Station).
* 1922 - Chichibu Railway acquired Hokubu Railway.
* 1930 - Started operations on the full line between Hanyu and Mitsumineguchi.
* 1954 - Started direct operations with the Tōbu Tōjō Line.
* 1980 - Headquarters moved to Kumagaya, Saitama.
* 1988 - Started operations of a steam locomotive-hauled train, the Paleo Express.
* 1989 - Started direct operations with Seibu Railway.
* 1997 - Moved bus operations to a separate entity, Chichibu Railway Sightseeing Bus Co., Ltd.
* 12 March 2022 - Start of fare collection with PASMO transit smartcard.
# Walter Riptoe

Walter E. Riptoe (March 30, 1838 – August 15, 1886) was a preacher and state legislator in Texas. A Republican, he served two terms in the Texas Senate during the Fifteenth Texas Legislature and Sixteenth Texas Legislature from 1876 to 1881, representing Marshall (Harrison) County. The Texas State Preservation Board has a photograph of him.
He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He later moved to in Texas in January 1850 and lived in Rusk County until the end of the war.
Marshall Junior High School students, including his descendant did a history project on him in 2018 and described him as a carpenter and teacher as well as a civil rights advocate.
# Gordon Stewart Northcott

Gordon Stewart Northcott (November 9, 1906 – October 2, 1930) was a Canadian serial killer, child rapist, and child abductor who was convicted of the murders of three young boys in California, U.S., and confessed to the murders of nine in total. Sentenced to death, he was executed on October 2, 1930.

## Biography

Gordon Stewart Northcott was born in Bladworth, Saskatchewan, and raised in British Columbia. He moved to Los Angeles with his parents in 1924.
Northcott asked his father to purchase a plot of land in Wineville, California. On this land, he built a chicken ranch and a house with the help of his father—who was in the construction business—and his nephew, Sanford Clark. It was under this pretext that Northcott brought Sanford from Bladworth to the United States.

## Wineville Chicken Coop murders

While residing at his chicken ranch, Northcott abducted an undetermined number of boys and sexually abused them. Typically, after abusing a victim, he would drive the boy home and let him go. Some of them, however, he murdered at the ranch.
Canadian police arrested Northcott and his mother on September 19, 1928. Due to errors in the extradition paperwork, they were not returned to Los Angeles until November 30. Northcott was implicated in the murder of Walter Collins, but because Northcott's mother had confessed to murdering Collins and had been sentenced for it, the state chose not to prosecute Northcott in that murder.
It was speculated that Northcott may have killed as many as 20 boys, but the state of California could not produce evidence to support that allegation. Ultimately, the state only brought an indictment against Northcott for the murders of an unidentified underage Mexican national later to be identified as Alvin Gothea—known as the "Headless Mexican"—and the brothers Lewis and Nelson Winslow (aged 12 and 10, respectively). The brothers had been reported missing from Pomona on May 16, 1928.
In early 1929, Northcott's trial was held before Judge George R. Freeman in Riverside County, California. The jury heard that he kidnapped, molested, tortured, and murdered the Winslow brothers and the "Headless Mexican" in 1928. On February 8, the 27-day trial ended with Northcott being convicted of those murders. On February 13, Freeman sentenced him to death. He was hanged on October 2, 1930, at San Quentin State Prison. The rope failed to break Northcott's neck, resulting in taking 13 minutes for him to die from strangulation.

## Popular culture

Clint Eastwood directed Changeling in 2008, in which Gordon Northcott was portrayed by Jason Butler Harner.
American Horror Story referenced Northcott in season 5, Hotel. Maid Hazel Evers' (Mare Winningham) son is abducted and killed on the farm.