OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States v. Rock Royal Co-op

United States v. Rock Royal Co-op, 307 U.S. 533 (1939), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Commerce Clause allows federal regulation of milk processed and sold entirely within the state of New York because the company used a mixture of raw milk from farms within and outside the state of New York.

## Significance

This case demonstrates the far-reaching nature of the Commerce Clause, which essentially allows Congress authority over interstate commerce that "does not differ in character or extent from that retained by the States over intrastate commerce."
# Jamal Uddin Ahmed (air officer)

Jamal Uddin Ahmed (born, 26 March 1943) is a retired air officer who served as the 9th chief of Air Staff of Bangladesh Air Force and chairman of Biman Bangladesh Airlines.

## Career

He started his career as a Martin B-57 Canberra attack pilot in the Pakistan Air Force in 1964. During the Liberation War in 1971, he was a Flight Lieutenant and part of a joint NATO-CENTO Air Intelligence Training Program for NATO Air Force officers in the United States. He returned to Bangladesh in 1972 as a Squadron Leader and served as a flight instructor in 1976 and eventually commandant of Bangladesh Air Force Academy in 1983. He was promoted to Air Vice Marshal and assigned as the chief of air staff on 4 June 1995. On 3 June 2001, Ahmed was promoted to brevet Air Marshal on his leave per retirement by then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and joined as director of Biman Bangladesh Airlines. The Second Khaleda ministry voided his promotion on August 2004, declaring it unlawful. Ahmed appealed the decision to the High Court, which ruled out in favour of him and restored his rank, prepotent that he had been disposse at out-of-court. He was ameliorated as chairman of Biman Bangladesh Airline on 2009 but soon compromised on 2011 due to mismanagement. Ahmed was again reinstated as chairman of Biman on 21 January 2015 and left office on 14 October 2016 preceding Air Marshal Enamul Bari.
# Kurup (Nair caste)

Kurup or Nair Kurup is a title of nobility used by Nairs in Kerala, They were Nairs who were experts in Kalaripayyattu and had their own Nair army in many parts of Kerala, many among them were powerful warlords, also serving as warriors and army generals. Additionally, a segment of the Nair Kurup belonged to the "Naaduvaazhi" and landlord class in Venad until the 17th century. The Nair Kurup caste is unrelated to other Kurups. It is important not to confuse them with the Ambalavasi Kurup, Kurup Caste, Kalari Kurup, etc., as they have distinct identities and no relation with the Nair caste Kurup.

## Etymology

"Kurup" is a title of nobility among the Nairs, historically given by different kingdoms to Nair individuals or families who have reached a high level of expertise in Kalaripayattu or warfare.
"Kurup" is a title of nobility among Nair subcastes, other higher titles of nairs such as Pillai, Unnithan, Thampi, Varma, etc. They were warrior class and well-respected families in the Venad kingdom. These class of Nairs ranked above ordinary Nairs but below the king, similar to the Samantha Nair class in present-day Kerala.
Well-known Kurups of Travancore include Azhakath Kurup, a Nair noble man who represented Nairs in the Ettara Yogam or the King and Council of Eight, the longstanding administrative setup of the Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple for centuries.
The power of Kurup reduced after the formation of Travancore kingdom, Kurup title was later given to the High Steward of Travancore (Great officers of Travancore).
They mostly belong to the highest Nair subcastes of Travancore, including the Illam Nair caste and other subcastes within the Travancore Nair caste.
In the North Malabar region, it is also used by Nair families who expertise in Kalaripayattu, similar to the Nambiar subcaste. These families were later considered part of the Kiriyathil Nair caste.
It is also used by Nairs in the Cochin region. They were considered similar to the Menon title and worked as scribes in Swaroopams.

## Notable people

* Azhakathu Padmanabha Kurup, Indian scholar
* O. N. V. Kurup, Indian poet
* Madavoor Vasudevan Nair, Kathakali artist
* Raghava Kurup Narendra Prasad, Indian actor
* K. N. P. Kurup, Indian politician
* K. Narayana Kurup, Indian politician
* Parvathy Jayaram, Indian actress
* Guru Kunchu Kurup, Kathakali artist
* M. R. Kurup, Indian scientist
* P. Narayana Kurup, Indian poet
* Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup, Indian poet
* Bhama Kurup, Indian actress
* Saiju Kurup, Indian actor
# James Nnaji

James Ugochukwu Nnaji (/ˈnɑːdʒi/ NAH-jee; born 14 August 2004) is a Nigerian professional basketball player for Bàsquet Girona of the Spanish Liga ACB on loan from FC Barcelona. He was selected 31st overall in the 2023 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons, but his rights were traded to the Charlotte Hornets and later the New York Knicks.

## Early life and youth career

Nnaji grew up in Makurdi, Nigeria where he started playing basketball. He is from the middle belt (central) region of Nigeria. In 2018, Nnaji moved to Ratgeber Basketball Academy in Hungary.

## Professional career

Nnaji started his career with Rátgéber Akadémia, a team in the Hungarian league. He moved from Hungary to Barcelona in 2020, joining FC Barcelona B in 2020. From there, he would move up to the A team of FC Barcelona in 2021, making thirteen appearances in the 2021–22 season.
On 4 August 2024, Nnaji was loaned to Girona of the Spanish Liga ACB.

### NBA rights

Nnaji declared for the 2023 NBA draft, where he was ranked as the 24th-best prospect in the ESPN Top 100. On June 22, 2023, Nnaji was selected 31st overall in the 2023 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons, which then traded him to the Charlotte Hornets. In 2024, his rights were traded to the New York Knicks along with Karl-Anthony Towns as a part of a 3-team trade.

## Career statistics
### EuroLeague

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG | PIR |
| 2021–22 | Barcelona | 13 | 2 | 5.8 | .750 | — | .000 | 1.7 | .2 | — | .4 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
| 2022–23 | Barcelona | 19 | 0 | 6.4 | .762 | — | .462 | 1.3 | .4 | — | .5 | 2.0 | 2.7 |
| 2023–24 | Barcelona | 19 | 0 | 5.6 | .720 | — | .419 | 1.4 | .2 | .2 | .3 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
| Career | Career | 51 | 2 | 6.0 | .742 | — | .396 | 1.5 | .2 | .1 | .4 | 2.2 | 2.8 |

### Domestic leagues

| Year | Team | League | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2020–21 | Barcelona B | LEB Plata | 12 | 9.3 | .696 | — | .214 | 2.7 | .4 | .1 | 1.1 | 2.9 |
| 2021–22 | Barcelona | ACB | 12 | 6.8 | .786 | — | .444 | 1.4 | .2 | .1 | .7 | 2.2 |
| 2022–23 | Barcelona | ACB | 35 | 10.5 | .697 | — | .538 | 2.6 | .2 | .2 | .6 | 4.3 |
| 2023–24 | Barcelona | ACB | 26 | 8.3 | .649 | — | .647 | 2.2 | .1 | .1 | .5 | 2.3 |
# The Betrothed (1923 film)

The Betrothed (Italian:I promessi sposi) is a 1923 Italian silent historical drama film directed by Mario Bonnard and starring Domenico Serra, Nini Dinelli and Emilia Vidali. It is an adaptation of the 1827 novel The Betrothed by Alessandro Manzoni.

## Plot

Lake Como: Renzo and Lucia are two farmers who are in love. But the cruel and despotic Don Rodrigo impairs their marriage because he is secretly in love with Lucia. The two have to flee from their Lombard village, and shelter by different routes: Renzo goes to Milan and Lucia in a convent in Monza. Even the plague of 1600 contributes to the prolongation of the separation of the two lovers, who eventually find themselves in a hospital in Milan.

## Cast

* Emilia Vidali as Lucia
* Domenico Serra as Renzo
* Ninì Dinelli as la monaca di Monza
* Mario Parpagnoli as Don Rodrigo
* Rodolfo Badaloni as l'Innominato
* Umberto Scalpellini as Don Abbondio
* Ida Carloni Talli as Agnese
* Raimondo Van Riel as il Griso
* Olga Capri as Perpetua
* Enzo Biliotti as frà Cristoforo
* Bonaventura Ibáñez
# Florennes Abbey

Florennes Abbey (French: Abbaye de Florennes) is a former Benedictine monastery in Florennes, province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. The abbey was founded in the 11th century, but has left very few visible remains.

## History

A community of canons led by Gerard, a canon of Reims Cathedral and son of the lord of Florennes, established themselves here in about 1010 and were given the spiritual care of the collegiate church (then a dependency of the principality of Liège). Towards 1025, the community accepted the Rule of St. Benedict and became a Benedictine monastery; 1027 is considered its year of foundation.
The abbey was important in the region. It was particularly associated with the de Rumigny family. It was dissolved during the French Revolution, and afterwards entirely demolished.

## Present day
### Structures

On the site, only the former abbey farm remains, on the outskirts of Florennes on the road leading to Morialmé, with a tower characteristic of the 17th century (perhaps originally a dovecote).
Three bas-reliefs from the former abbey church, including one of Saint Michael, are now at Maredsous Abbey.

### Artworks

The abbey triptych, dating from 1200 to 1210, is now in the Musée du Cinquantenaire in Brussels.
The Reliquary of St. Maurus, a masterpiece of Mosan goldsmith's work from the early 13th century, was saved in a nearby church when the abbey was destroyed in the French Revolution. It was bought in 1838 by Alfred, duc de Beaufort-Spontin, and some decades later moved to Petschau Castle (now Bečov nad Teplou in the present Czech Republic), one of the family's residences. When the castle was evacuated during World War II, the reliquary was buried for safe-keeping under the floor of the chapel, and forgotten. It was rediscovered in 1985, and remains in the hands of the Czech government.
# Elena Brockmann

Francisca María Brockmann y Llanos (1867–1946) was a Spanish historical painter.
Brockmann was born in Madrid as the granddaughter of Fanny Keats (the sister of the poet), whose portrait she painted. Her uncle Juan Llanos y Keats gave her painting lessons and she also studied with the history painter José Benlliure y Gil, where she was influenced by Joaquin Sorolla. She won awards in 1887 and 1892 at the Exposiciones Nacionales de Bellas Artes.
Her painting Outside a Roman Hostelry was included in the 1905 book Women Painters of the World.
# Johann Ferdinand Hertodt

Johann Ferdinand Hertodt von Todtenfeld (1645–1724) was a German physician and writer, born in the town Nikolsburg, today Mikulov in Moravia.
He is known for his 1671 work Crocologia, entirely devoted to saffron. He was also an alchemical writer, in the Epistolam contra Philalethem, a botanical and geological in Tartaro-Mastix Moraviae (1669), and a medical in Opus mirificum sextae diei (1670).
# The Return of Saint Luke

The Return of Saint Luke (Russian: Возвращение «Святого Луки») is a 1970 Soviet crime film directed by Anatoliy Bobrovsky.
A recidivist thief escapes from prison, steals the Holy Luke picture and wants to sell it. Colonel Zorin will try to stop the thief.

## Plot

Engineer Yuri Loskutov supplements his main job by engaging in the black-market trade of old icons. He has an assistant in this endeavor, a young man nicknamed Chervonets.
One of Loskutov’s clients is a foreign tourist named Keith, who requests that Loskutov steal the painting Saint Luke by Frans Hals from a museum. To carry out this plan, Loskutov organizes a criminal group. The key player in the theft is a recently escaped thief and repeat offender, Mikhail Karabanov, known as "The Count." Loskutov deceives Karabanov about the painting’s value, but Karabanov, a seasoned criminal, discovers its true worth. Unwilling to simply carry out the theft for Loskutov’s benefit, Karabanov decides to claim the entire reward. He hires an artist named Kulikov to create a replica of the painting, artificially ages it, and plans to hand over the fake to Loskutov while he himself contacts the foreign buyer.
The investigation into the painting’s theft is led by Colonel Ivan Sergeyevich Zorin of the Soviet militia. After questioning Kulikov and other witnesses, Colonel Zorin identifies the thief and, over the course of the investigation, uncovers all the parties involved in the crime.

## Cast

* Vsevolod Sanaev as Colonel Zorin
* Vladislav Dvorzhetsky as Mikhail Karabanov
* Oleg Basilashvili as Loskutov, an engineer
* Yekaterina Vasilyeva as Polina
* Natalya Rychagova as Zoya
* Valery Ryzhakov as Sergei
* Vladimir Smirnov as Ievlev
* Valeri Belyakov as Kulikov
* Pauls Butkēvičs as Keit, a foreign tourist (as Paul Butkevich)
* Dmitriy Masanov as Karavashkin
# Syed Mohsin Ali

Syed Mohsin Ali (12 December 1948 – 14 September 2015) was a Bangladeshi politician. He served as the Member of Parliament from Moulvibazar-3 and the Social Welfare Minister of the government of Bangladesh. He was given Independence Day Award in 2017 by the government of Bangladesh.

## Early life

Ali began his education in Kolkata. He passed Junior Cambridge and Senior Cambridge from St. Xavier's College. Then he studied in Bengali medium for some days in Bangladesh. Then again he completed diploma in management from Kolkata.

## Career

Ali started his politics as a Bangladesh Chhatra League activist. He served as the president of the Moulvibazar unit of Awami League during 1998–2005. He was elected as the municipality's chairman three times. He fought the Liberation War as a commander of the Mukti Bahini under General MAG Osmani and was a member of the central committee of Sector Commanders Forum. He was a member of the National Freedom Fighters' Council and a central committee member of the Sector Commanders' Forum.

## Personal life

Ali was married to Syeda Saira Mohsin, also a Member of Parliament.

## Death

Ali died on 12 January 2015 in Singapore. He is buried next to his parents in the graveyard next to Dargah-e-Shah Mustafa.
# The Big Show (1923 film)

The Big Show is the ninth Our Gang short subject comedy to be released. The Our Gang series (later known as "The Little Rascals") was created by Hal Roach in 1922, and continued production until 1944.

## Plot

After being chased away from the county fair, the gang decides to open their own junior version of the fair, complete with wild animal displays, rides, and animal stunts. To top it off, they give a live performance set inside a giant movie frame, and impersonate several popular film stars of the day.
# Prestatyn and Rhyl Panthers

Prestatyn and Rhyl Panthers are an amateur rugby league team based in Rhyl, North Wales. They play in the North Wales Conference.

## History

Prestatyn and Rhyl Panthers won the North Wales 9s in 2012 and then joined the newly formed North Wales Conference finishing top of the table. However, they lost 48–26 against Conwy Celts in the grand final.

## Honours

* North Wales 9s: 2012
# Singkawang Airport

Singkawang Airport (IATA: SKJ, ICAO: WIOD) is an airport serving the Singbebas (Singkawang, Bengkayang Regency and Sambas Regency) area in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is located at Pangmilang Subdistrict, South Singkawang District, 13 km (8.1 mi) south from the city centre. It will also become an alternative to the existing Supadio Airport at Pontianak.

## History

Due to increasing traffic and capacity congestions at Supadio International Airport in Pontianak, the airport will not be able to cope with the future traffic, due to lack of space for expansion. The airport will help to boost tourism, revenue, employment and foster socio-economic development of the region. It is expected to generate 15.9 trillion rupiah (US$1.12 billion) in aeronautical revenue and 2.1 trillion rupiah in non-aeronautical revenue over a period of 32 years. So, in 2018, the mayor of Singkawang, Tjhai Chui Mie, submitted a proposal for a new airport to serve the city to Indonesia's Ministry of Transport. The ministry approved the decision, and the process of land acquisition began. It completed at the end of 2018, and construction began from late 2020, and was expected to completed by 2023, but it is now expected to be completed by the end of 2024 and also possible InJourney Airports membership entrance plan in the future.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Super Air Jet | Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta (begins 22 March 2025) |
| TransNusa | Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta (begins 3 April 2025) |

## Features

The airport will be built in two phases, at an area of 151 hectares and at a cost of 4.3 trillion rupiah, out of which the first phase will be completed by 2024. The airport will consist of a passenger terminal building with two aerobridges, an Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower, and a 1,400 m long runway along with a taxiway connecting it among other ancillary facilities. The runway will be capable of handling ATR type aircraft.
In the second phase, the airport's terminal will be expanded to handle more traffic, and the runway will be extended to 2,600 m to handle Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 aircraft.

## Construction

In January 2018, The Mayor of Singkawang, Tjhai Chui Mie, stated the city's administration is reviewing plans for land clearance in Semelagi Kecil village for the construction of a privately funded airport. In November 2018, the city administration has acquired 106 hectares of land for the construction of the airport.
The ground breaking ceremony for the airport is held in February 2019 by Indonesia's Minister of Transport, Budi Karya Sumadi. Construction will begin from 2020 and will be completed by 2023. Sumadi also invited the private sector to invest in the airport project in West Kalimantan via Public–Private partnerships (PPP). The Ministry of Transport will sign the PPP contract in 2023.
In June 2022, it is announced that the completion of the airport will be delayed to the end of 2024. The airport opened on 20 March 2024, inaugurated by President Joko Widodo.
# American Steel Foundries v. Tri-City Central Trades Council

American Steel Foundries v. Tri-City Central Trades Council, 257 U.S. 184 (1921), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that picketing by more the one person at an entrance or exit to a struck business was not protected by the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914. The court said that it was inherently a form of intimidation no matter how orderly the picket was.
This case was later superseded by cases like Thornhill v. Alabama (1940), which held that picketing was protected under free speech and the First Amendment.
# Lagoa do Barro do Piauí

Lagoa do Barro do Piauí is a municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# Tangestan County

Tangestan County (Persian: شهرستان تنگستان) is in Bushehr province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ahram.

## History

The village of Abad was elevated to city status as Shahrabad in 2012.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 63,276 in 14,620 households. The following census in 2011 counted 70,282 people in 18,268 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 76,706 in 22,080 households.
The people of this region are from the Tangestani tribe, who are of Southern Lur origin and speak the Southern Lur language.

### Administrative divisions

Tangestan County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Tangestan County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 35,259 | 38,047 | 40,157 |
| Ahram RD | 10,990 | 11,632 | 8,689 |
| Baghak RD | 12,087 | 12,637 | 12,483 |
| Ahram (city) | 12,182 | 13,778 | 15,198 |
| Shahrabad (city) | | | 3,787 |
| Delvar District | 28,017 | 32,154 | 36,481 |
| Bu ol Kheyr RD | 9,707 | 10,547 | 11,604 |
| Delvar RD | 15,109 | 17,903 | 20,435 |
| Delvar (city) | 3,201 | 3,704 | 4,442 |
| Total | 63,276 | 70,282 | 76,706 |
| RD = Rural District ||||

## Overview

The Tangestan region in southern Iran is well known for its resistance to the invasion by British forces in the late 19th century. Tangestan County is the home of the group of people known as Tangesir. Rais Ali Delvari, the commander of Tangesiri fighters, is known as a national hero in the region. Tangestan is also famous in Iran for its high-quality dates.
# Karnuth v. United States ex rel. Albro

Karnuth v. United States ex rel. Albro, 279 U.S. 231 (1929), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that whether war between the United States and a treaty partner annuls stipulations of that treaty depends upon the intrinsic character of the stipulations.

## Significance

Analyzing the Jay Treaty, the court determined that article III, guaranteeing British citizens free passage over the Canada–United States border, was abrogated by the War of 1812. Because of this, British citizens must rely on statutory authority for access to the United States like any other immigrants; at the time, that meant the Immigration Act of 1924. Later courts have confused the issue by approvingly citing article III of the Jay Treaty, but they have universally relied on the statutory authority that does exist.
The Jay Treaty also dealt with the rights of Indigenous people in Canada to cross the border, which is an arbitrary land division from their perspective. Confusion over whether the Jay Treaty continues to provide them rights notwithstanding Karnuth has inhibited their campaigns to have the United States recognize other rights relevant to their interests.
# Seven Murders for Scotland Yard

Seven Murders for Scotland Yard (Spanish: Jack el destripador de Londres / Jack the Ripper of London) is a 1971 Italian-Spanish giallo film directed by José Luis Madrid and starring Paul Naschy, Patricia Loran and Renzo Marignano. Naschy and Madrid wrote the screenplay, Tito Carpi's name was simply added to the credits to satisfy the requirements for a Spanish-Italian co-production. The film was shot in June 1971, and was first released in Italy in 1971 as Sette Cadaveri per Scotland Yard / Seven Corpses for Scotland Yard. It was shown in Spain on July 10, 1972, as Jack el destripador de Londres, and finally wound up theatrically released in the U.S. in 1976 as Seven Murders for Scotland Yard. The Mexican one-sheet poster simply called the film Jack el distripador/ Jack the Ripper.

## Plot

Paul Naschy plays Bruno Doriani, an ex-acrobat living in London who limps badly as a result of an accident he suffered years before on the trapeze. Bruno's life has slid downhill, and he hangs out in seedy pubs and dates tarts and prostitutes. When a number of call girls begin turning up brutally murdered, the police led by Inspector Campbell seek to uncover the identity of the mad slasher, whom they nickname Jack the Ripper after the notorious serial killer from the late 1800s. Paul becomes a suspect in the eyes of the police, as he had personal connections to one or two of the victims. Inspector Campbell (Renzo Marignano) himself turns out to be the killer, as Bruno discovers when he follows the police chief down into his underground dungeon of horrors, where the inspector keeps certain body parts from his victims in jars as mementos. But the mystery of this film is not simply who the killer is, but rather why he is performing these hideous murders.

## Cast

* Paul Naschy as Bruno Doriani
* Patricia Loran as Lulu
* Renzo Marignano as Inspector Henry Campbell
* Orchidea De Santis as Sandy Christian
* Andrés Resino as Winston Darby Christian
* Irene Mir as Belinda
* Franco Borelli as Detective Hawkins
* Víctor Iregua
* Teresita Castizio
* Carmen Roger as Violeta
* Palomba Moreno as Ms. Sanders
* Víctor Vilanova as McMurdo
* Marina Ferri as Diana (as Maika)
* Miguel Muniesa as Superintendent Chambers
* Isidro Novellas as Bartender
* Alfonso Castizo as Robert
* Antonio Ramis as Doctor at Crime Scene
* Enrique Beltrán

## Critiques

Film historian Troy Howarth opines that although the film's murders are presented in a lurid manner, the bulk of the film is directed by Merino in a lackluster manner, which undercuts Naschy's interesting script. Also he felt too much screen time was allotted to police procedure and not enough to Naschy. He did find that the score by Piero Piccioni added to the film's suspense.