# George Washington University Student Association

The George Washington University Student Government Association (known as the GW Student Government Association or SGA) is the student government of the George Washington University in Washington, DC. The SGA is responsible for advocacy on behalf of the GW student body at and is modeled after the U.S. Federal Government and consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.
The origins of GW's Student Government Association trace back to 1909, but the current structure dates to 24 May 1976, when the current constitution was adopted by a university-wide referendum, which established the Executive Cabinet, the Senate, and the Student Court. Numerous alumni of GW's student government have gone on to pursue prominent careers in politics, such as Edward David Burt (youngest ever Premier of Bermuda), in diplomacy, such as Ambassador Edward Gnehm (Presidential Distinguished Award winner), and in the private sector, such as Neil Portnow (former president of The Recording Academy).

## History

In 1909, a student representational system governed by various class presidents or officers was founded.
In 1930, the previous system was abolished in favor of the creation of the GW Student Council. All schools in 1930 were to receive one representative for every 500 students. In 1938 the constitution was changed. The new Council was composed of 9 members elected of the student body at large and 5 members from various student groups. It was given the following powers: 1) to make rules governing elections, 2) to classify activities as "major" or "minor," 3) to require major activities to file prospect covering their programs for each year, 4) to prescribe systems of accounts and records for any activity, and, 5) to make rules providing appropriate penalties for violation of any rule, regulation, or order of the Council.
The Council system, with modifications (it later became known as the Student Assembly), continued until February 27, 1970, when 69% of the student body voted in a referendum to dissolve the student government.
Student Assembly president Neil Portnow ran for reelection with the abolition of the Assembly as the major plank of his platform. He won, and on February 17 read a statement to The GW Hatchet and other press announcing the abolition of GW's student government.
It wasn't until 1974 that a referendum to bring back some form of student government was initiated, and in January 1975 students voted to create a new governing system by a five to one margin. The George Washington University Student Government Association came into being in April 1976 when students ratified a new constitution by a vote of 1,343 to 241. On May 24 of that year the Board of Trustees ratified the Student Government Association charter. Membership included all full-time, part-time, graduate, professional and undergraduate students who were registered for academic credit. Today, the Student Government Association is made up of the executive, senate and judicial branches.
Starting in 2010 the SGA focused on reducing printing fees after charges were leveled that the University was profiting off of students. After having little success the issue was again taken up in 2011 with the formation of a joint committee of students and faculty after stonewalling from the university administration. Second semester of the 2011-2012 academic year there was again another vow to renew the fight against student fees. Eventually, the fee was reduced.
Other advocacy efforts have included the restoration of free news papers to student after they were cut by the University. There was also a push to ban smoking on campus by the Senate that led to a campus wide referendum that passed overwhelmingly, but needs to be enacted by the administration. The Student Government Association has also successfully lobbied for the installation of condom dispensers in residence halls.

## Organization
### Executive Cabinet

The Executive Cabinet is the executive branch of the SGA. The President and Vice President (VP), elected on separate tickets by the 26,000 graduate and undergraduate students, oversee the Executive Branch, which consists of the Executive Cabinet and several subordinate entities. The President appoints Executive Secretaries who lead their own "departments," such as Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and Academic Affairs. These Secretaries must receive confirmation from two-thirds of the Senate. Assistant Secretaries are also appointed by the President, and also must receive Senate confirmation, but can be created or eliminated at will.
The Cabinet is typically led by the President and their Chief of Staff. The "Executive Cabinet" is made up of the President, Chief of Staff, Treasurer (chief financial officer), Legislator General (chief legislative officer), and Communications Director.
List of SGA Executive Cabinet Members :
| Year | President | Vice President | Chief of Staff | Treasurer | Legislator General | Communications Director |
| 2024-2025 | Ethan Fitzgerald | Ethan Lynne | Max Fagelman/Deepthi Sathyanarayana | Skylar Pirnar | Oscar Gladysz | Alexandra Tauber |
| 2023-2024 | Arielle Geismar | Demetrius Apostolis | Isabella Calamari | Sandy Huang | Jacob Solomon | Ishani Patel |
| 2022-2023 | Christian Zidouemba | Yan Xu | Keanu Rowe/Cordelia Scales | Arya Thakur | Andrew Harding | Aiza Saeed |
| 2021-2022 | Brandon Hill | Kate Carpenter | Zachary Nosanchuk/Catherine Morris | Charles Aborisade | Holden Fitzgerald | Cat Oriel |

### Senate

The Senate is the SGA holds the power to approve bills that are sent to the President, as well as control the Student Government Association's $1,778,704 budget. The Senate consists of 43 Senators representing their respective schools within the university, the Vice President who is the presiding officer, a Senate Chairperson Pro Tempore, and Senate Staff appointed by the Vice President and confirmed by 2/3rds of the Senate. The 2023-2024 Presiding Officer of the Senate is Vice President Demetrius Apostolis. The Senate consists of seven standing committees that include the Governance and Nominations Committee, Financial Services and Allocations Committee, Physical Facilities and Urban Affairs Committee, Joint Student Life Committee, Joint Education Policy Committee, Sustainability Committee, and the Community, Advocacy, and Inclusion Committee. The Senate has the mandate of making recommendations on issues that affect student life, give general direction to Student Government Association policies, collect a student fee from tuition and subsequent disbursement, and passing of bills as it sees fit among other powers. The 2023-2024 Chairperson Pro Tempore of the SGA Senate is Liz Stoddard.
List of SGA Senate Leadership :
| Year | Vice President and Presiding Officer of the Senate | Senate Chairperson Pro Tempore | Chief of Staff | Legislative Budget Office Director | Chief Counselor to the Senate | Communications Director |
| 2024-2025 | Ethan Lynne | Liz Stoddard | Katelyn Moon | Maya Renteria | Alexia Colella | Peyton Gallant |
| 2023-2024 | Demetrius Apostolis | Amy Cowley | Ishana Bandyopadhyay | Nathan Nguyen Maya Renteria | Henry Mills Neil Sairam | Katelyn Moon |
| 2022-2023 | Yan Xu | Demetrius Apostolis | Ishana Bandyopadhyay | Nathan Nguyen | Juan Carlos Mora | Ishani Patel |
| 2021-2021 | Kate Carpenter | Cordelia Scales | Chris Johnson | N/A | N/A | N/A |

#### Governance and Nominations Committee

The Governance and Nominations Committee shall focus on issues and legislation concerning amendments to the Constitution and these Bylaws, with such amendments pertaining to financial matters jointly shared with the Financial Services and Allocations Committee, screening candidates for all Senate vacancies, working with the Presiding Officer in the operation of the Senate, impeachment, removal, recall, and censure, the allocations appeal process, during which the Chairperson Pro-Tempore shall serve as Chairperson of the Allocation Appeals Committee, general oversight of internal Student Government Association operations across all three branches of government, and general oversight of all Senate Committees.

#### Financial Services and Allocations Committee

The Finance Committee is in charge of the funds that the Senate collects from student tuition to fund the Student Government Association budget, collecting just over $1.7 million. These funds are primarily doled out to the over 500 student organizations on campus at The George Washington University in addition to funding the operational budget of the Student Government Association. The Committee is responsible for setting criteria for disbursements and working with the Vice President for Financial Affairs, a member of the President's cabinet. In 2012 the Finance Committee put a Student Fee Increase to a student body referendum. The proposal sought to increase the amount the SGA collects from students to $3.00 per credit hour from $1.50 per credit hour, boosting the SGA budget to an estimated $1.75 million over nine years. The referendum was ratified by the student body with 66% voting in favor.

#### Student Life Committee

The Student Life Committee is responsible for advocating on issues that affect students. Primarily, the Committee raises these issues at Senate meetings and proposes bills to be used as the basis for advocacy efforts. As of the 2021-2022 academic year, the committee was divided into an undergraduate and graduate assembly.

#### Education Policy Committee

The Education Policy Committee (formerly Academic Affairs Committee) primarily focuses on issues that relate to students' academics. The Committee works closely with the Faculty Senate and university administration to address relevant issues. As of the 2021-2022 academic year, the committee was renamed the "Education Policy Committee" and divided into an undergraduate and graduate assembly.

#### Physical Facilities and Urban Affairs Committee

The Committee on Physical Facilities and Urban Affairs (PFUA) shall focus on issues and legislation concerning the Safety and Facilities, such as GWPD, Housing, Campus Buildings, and Events and Venues, Business Services such as GWorld, Dining, Facility Services, FixIt, Safe Ride, Mail Services, and Parking, Student Wellbeing, such as Disability Support Services, Campus Advisories, Lerner Health and Wellness, GW Health Center/Counseling, and The Store; and the general operation of the University.

#### Sub-committee on Sustainability

The Permanent Sub-Committee on Sustainability is a sub-committee under the Committee on Physical Facilities and Urban Affairs. The Permanent Subcommittee shall focus on issues and legislation relating to sustainability measures on campus. Legislation can be referred directly to the Subcommittee, which has the power to submit approved legislation to the Full Senate for consideration.

#### Community Advocacy and Inclusion Committee

The Community Advocacy and Inclusion Committee (CAIC) work closely with the Office for Diversity, Equity, and Community Engagement to advocate on behalf of multicultural student groups on campus. The assembly also creates strategic plans to ensure representation and foster multicultural community outreach.

### Student Court

The Judicial Branch consists of the Student Court, composed of seven members, three of whom must be undergraduate, three who must be graduates, and one who must be a law student. Members of the Court serve for their entire academic career after being appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The court has jurisdiction over any cases the involve suits brought between parties within the Student Government Association and between other student organizations suing the Student Government Association.
Presidential candidate Kyle Boyer won the popular vote, but was charged with a violation of election rules for failing to report the market value of a car used during campaigning. Julie Bindleglass lost the popular vote, but became President of the SGA when the Joint Election Committee, active during elections, threw Boyer off the ballot. Boyer then sued the Joint Elections Committee in the Student Court. The Court used a 1992 precedent in which Presidential candidate Christopher Ferguson alleged he was thrown off the ballot in an "arbitrary and capricious manner", criteria for bringing a case to the court, as precedent for hearing the case. The Student Court upheld the disqualification from the ballot and effectively decided the outcome of the election.

## List of SGA Presidents and Vice Presidents

| Term | President | Vice President | Notes |
| 2024-2025 | Ethan Fitzgerald | Ethan Lynne | Prior to the election, Fitzgerald and Lynne served as CCAS senators. Fitzgerald served as co-chair and founder of the Mental health Assembly while Lynne served as chairman of the Finance and Allocations Committee. |
| 2023-2024 | Arielle Geismar | Demetrius Apostolis | At the time of election, Geismar was the President of GW Residence Hall Association and Apostolis was the Senate Chairperson Pro Tempore. |
| 2022-2023 | Christian Zidouemba | Yan Xu | Christian Zidouemba wins after his third campaign for student body President. |
| 2021-2022 | Brandon Hill | Kate Carpenter | At the time of election, Hill was an incumbent and Carpenter was a Senator-at-large. |
| 2021 | Brandon Hill | Catherine Morris | Upon assuming Presidency following his predecessor's resignation, Hill appointed Morris as EVP. |
| 2020-2021 | Howard Brookins III | Brandon Hill | Brookins resigns in January 2021, with EVP Hill assuming the Presidency. |
| 2019-2020 | SJ Matthews | Amy Martin | SJ Matthews won the run-off election, after an inconclusive general election in which Justin Diamond won a plurality of votes following a write-in campaign. |
| 2018-2019 | Ashley Le | Ojani Walthrust | |
| 2017-2018 | Peak Sen Chua | Sydney Nelson | After the Presidential election was delayed and later cancelled, Chua, then EVP-elect assumed the presidency and nominated Nelson to be his Executive Vice President. |
| 2016-2017 | Erika Feinman | Thomas Falcigno | Feinman and Falcigno previously served as SGA senators. |
| 2015-2016 | Andie Dowd | Casey Syron/Thomas Falcigno | Falcigno substituted Syron after mid-term resignation. |
| 2014-2015 | Nick Gumas | Avra Bossov | Gumas elected as first openly gay President. |
| 2013-2014 | Julia Susuni | Kostas Skordalos | |
| 2012-2013 | Ashwin Narla | Abby Bergren | |
| 2011-2012 | John Richardson | Ted Costigan | |
| 2010-2011 | Jason Lifton | Rob Maxim | Lifton previously served as EVP. |
| 2009-2010 | Julie Bindelglass | Jason Lifton | Bindelglass elected as 3rd female President. |
| 2008-2009 | Vishal Aswani | Kyle Boyer | |
| 2007-2008 | Nicole Capp | Brand Kroeger | Capp elected as 2nd female President. |
| 2006-2007 | Lamar Thorpe | Josh Lasky | |
| 2005-2006 | Audai Shakour | Morgan Corr | |
| 2004-2005 | Omar Woodard | Anyah Dembling | |
| 2003-2004 | Kristopher Hart | Eric Daleo | |
| 2002-2003 | Phil Robinson | Eric Daleo | |
| 2001-2002 | Roger Kapoor | Joshua Singer | |
| 2000-2001 | Edward David Burt | Cathy Resler | Burt later became the youngest ever Premier of Bermuda. |
| 1999-2000 | Caity Leu | Kim McGraw | Upon assuming Presidency following predecessor's impeachment and removal, Leu appointed McGraw as EVP. |
| 1999 | Phil Meisner | Caity Leu | Meisner impeached and removed from office in November 1999, with EVP Leu assuming the Presidency. |
| 1998-1999 | Carrie Potter | Jesse Strauss | Potter elected as 1st female President. |
| 1997-1998 | Kuyomars “Q” Golparvar | Tony Sayegh |
| 1996-1997 | Damian McKenna | Dianne Gayoski | Gayoski was the first female to be elected EVP and McKenna was the first Engineering student to be elected SGA President. |
| 1995-1996 | Mark Reynolds | | |
| 1994-1995 | Alfred Park | Scott Slifka | |
| 1993-1994 | Scott Adams | | |
| 1992-1993 | Jonathan Tarnow | Jim Arnsenault | Upon assuming Presidency following predecessor's resignation, Tarnow appointed Arsenault as EVP. |
| 1992 | Michael Musante | Jonathan Tarnow | Musante resigned in October 1992, with EVP Tarnow assuming the Presidency. |
| 1991-1992 | Kyle Farmbry | David Parker | |
| 1990-1991 | Frank Petramale | David Parker | |
| 1989-1990 | John David Morris | | |
| 1988-1989 | Raffi Terzian | | |
| 1987-1988 | Adam Freedman | | Freedman 1st President to serve two terms. |
| 1986-1987 | Adam Freedman | | |
| 1985-1986 | Ira Gubernick | | |