OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nigella

Nigella is a genus of 18 species of annual plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Southern Europe, North Africa, South Asia, Southwest Asia and Middle East. Common names applied to members of this genus are nigella, devil-in-a-bush or love-in-a-mist.
The species grow to 20–90 cm (8–35 in) tall, with finely divided leaves; the leaf segments are narrowly linear to threadlike. The flowers are white, yellow, pink, pale blue or pale purple, with five to ten petals. The fruit is a capsule composed of several united follicles, each containing numerous seeds; in some species (e.g. Nigella damascena), the capsule is large and inflated.

## Uses
### Culinary

The seeds of Nigella sativa, known as kalonji, black cumin, black caraway, black coriander, roman coriander, black onion seed, onion seed, charnushka, git (in historical Roman cuisine), or just nigella, are used as a spice and a condiment in South Asian, Ethiopian, Middle Eastern and Polish cuisines.

### Garden flowers

Several species are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. Nigella damascena has been grown in English cottage gardens since the Elizabethan era, commonly called love-in-a-mist. Nigella hispanica is a taller species with larger blue flowers, red stamens, and grey leaves. Nigella seeds are self-sowing if the seed pods are left to mature.
The dried seed capsules can also be used in flower arrangements.

## Use in healthcare

In traditional medicine, the seeds are used as a carminative and stimulant to ease bowel and indigestion problems, and are given to treat intestinal worms, nerve defects, to reduce flatulence, and induce sweating. Dried pods are sniffed to restore a lost sense of smell. It is also used to repel some insects, much like mothballs.
Numerous studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-mycotic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-viral, antihistamine properties, possessing many properties that make it a potential remedy against certain diseases.
Black cumin is used in naturopathy. Black cumin oil or powder are used in the treatment of pathologies such as skin diseases, muscle pain, eczema or psoriasis, but also acne, diabetes, asthma, A 2014 study showed its positive effects on the harmful effects of radiotherapy treatments.
Nigella oil contains almost 60% linoleic acid (omega 6).
It is available in capsule, oil or powder form, with both internal and external uses (in massages).
In Silico study of 96 phytochemical compounds of Nigella sativa, identifying Nigelladine A as the most promising compound for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition with the highest docking scores for the spike protein and Mpro. Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant Nigella sativa. Dithymoquinone, kaempferol, Nigelladine B, Nigelladine, and Nigelladine sulphate also showed high docking scores.
# James Bethel Gresham

James Bethel Gresham, (August 23, 1893 – November 3, 1917) was an American soldier who was the first Hoosier serviceman, and perhaps the first American serviceman to die in combat while assigned to an American unit, World War I, along with Private Merle Hay of Glidden, Iowa and Private Thomas Enright of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Early life

James Gresham was born on August 23, 1893, in McLean County, Kentucky. In September 1901, his family moved to Evansville, Indiana, where he attended the Centennial School and he later worked in local furniture factories.

## Military service, death, and legacy

Gresham enlisted into the U.S. Army on April 23, 1914, with his service beginning at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri. By June 1914, he was serving in El Paso, Texas under General John J. Pershing. With the 16th Infantry Regiment, he shipped out from Fort Bliss for France with the first American soldiers of the American Expeditionary Force in June 1917. Just before daylight on November 3, 1917, Gresham was killed along with Privates Hay and Enright during an early morning raid by the Imperial German Army near Artois, France. Two days later, on 5 November 1917, Enright, Gresham, and Hay were buried near the battlefield where they had died. An inscription marked their graves: "Here lie the first soldiers of the illustrious Republic of the United States who fell on French soil for justice and liberty." Later in 1921, the body was moved to its current resting place in Evansville, Indiana. As a memorial, as the first American casualty of World War I, a house in Evansville was built in his honor and given to his mother, Alice Dodd.
# Richard Lovelace, 1st Baron Lovelace

Richard Lovelace, 1st Baron Lovelace (1564 – 22 April 1634) of Hurley, Berkshire was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1601 and 1622. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Lovelace in 1627.
Lovelace was born the son of Richard Lovelace and his wife, Anne, the daughter of Richard Warde of Hurst, also in Berkshire. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford in 1584, knighted in 1599, and succeeded his father in 1602.
Lovelace became a soldier and commanded a force under the Lord Deputy in Ireland, after which he was knighted in Dublin by the Earl of Essex. His association with the earl led to a brief period of imprisonment on charges of plotting against Queen Elizabeth I but he was released without charge.
He was elected to the Parliament of England to represent Berkshire in 1601, Abingdon in 1604, New Windsor in 1614 and Berkshire again in 1621.
He was selected High Sheriff of Berkshire for 1610–11 and for Oxfordshire for 1626–27. In 1627 he was created Baron Lovelace of Hurley by Charles I. Lovelace died in Hurley in 1634.
He had married twice: firstly, Katherine, daughter of Sir George Gyll and widow of William Hyde of Denchworth in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) (no children) and, secondly, Margaret, daughter and co-heir of a rich merchant, William Dodworth, with whom he had four sons and five daughters. The eldest son was his heir John Lovelace, 2nd Baron Lovelace and a daughter Elizabeth married the regicide Henry Marten.
His son Francis should not be confused with the person of the same name who became the second Governor of the New York colony but who was however the grandfather of John Lovelace, 4th Baron Lovelace, who was a later Governor.
# Kadek Agung

I Kadek Agung Widnyana Putra (born 25 June 1998) is an Indonesian professional midfielder for Liga 1 club Bali United. He mostly plays as an attacking midfielder, but he can also play on the central midfielder and wing.

## Club career
### Bali United

On 18 January 2018, Agung officially signed his first professional contract, a two-year deal with Liga 1 club Bali United after being promoted from Bali United U-19 and introduced as a trial player on 4 December 2017. He has renewed the contract, keeping him part of the team until the end of 2021 season.
Agung made his first-team and league debut for Bali United in a 1–0 win against Mitra Kukar on 15 October 2018 as a substitute for Irfan Bachdim in the 73rd minute. On 25 October, Agung scored his first league goal in the 2018 Liga 1 for Bali United in a 2–2 draw over Borneo at the Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium.

## International career

Kadek Agung played for the Indonesia under-22 national team in the 2019 AFF U-22 Youth Championship. He received a call to join the senior Indonesia national football team in May 2021. He earned his first cap in a friendly match against Oman on 29 May 2021. On 3 June 2021, he made first international goal against Thailand in a 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, in which Indonesia drew 2–2.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 11 March 2025.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bali United | 2018 | Liga 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Bali United | 2019 | Liga 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Bali United | 2020 | Liga 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bali United | 2021–22 | Liga 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Bali United | 2022–23 | Liga 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bali United | 2023–24 | Liga 1 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Bali United | 2024–25 | Liga 1 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 87 | 2 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in Menpora Cup.

### International

    As of match played 29 December 2021
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Indonesia | 2021 | 10 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 10 | 1 |

### International goals

Goals for Indonesia
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 3 June 2021 | Al Maktoum Stadium, Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Thailand | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Honours
### Club
#### Bali United

* Liga 1: 2019, 2021–22

### International

Indonesia U-22
* AFF U-22 Youth Championship: 2019
Indonesia
* AFF Championship runner-up: 2020
# Chaedini

The Chaedini (Latinized form) or Chaideinoi or Khaideinoi (Greek forms) were a Germanic people that are listed only in the Geography of Ptolemy. He locates them in the west of a large island, Scandia, off the mouth of the Vistula river. Most scholars concur that Scandinavia is meant.

## Etymology

A strong etymology of the word is summarized in the American Heritage Dictionary under heath. Chaideinoi is identical in form to its English relative, heathen; that is, Proto-Indo-European *kaito-, "forest, uncultivated land" becomes Common Germanic *xaiþiz, appearing in *xaiþinaz, "people of the uncultivated land". The exact pronunciation of Chaidein- is not certain, but it must have been close to *xaiþin-; that is, Ptolemy's name is close to common Germanic, even though its exact dating is unknown. It likely precedes Ptolemy, as he depended on previous sources.
Common Germanic *xaiþ- becomes Hed- in the Scandinavian languages. Possible locations of the Chaideinoi have therefore been proposed at Hedemark in Norway or, if the east of Scandia is actually Finland, in Dalarna and Gästrikland of Sweden, both of which regions contain a high concentration of Hed- names.
The descriptive nature of the name provides a clue as why they do not appear in such strong sources as Tacitus. They must have had one or more other names, reflecting ethnic or political organization. As used, Chaideinoi would be synonymous with a possible meaning of *mannaz as "country people" (see also mannus).
# Janet Bostwick

Dame Janet Gwennett Bostwick DBE (née Musgrove; born 30 October 1939) is a Bahamian lawyer and politician. She entered politics in 1977 with an appointment to the Senate. She was the first woman to serve as acting Prime Minister, first woman Attorney-General and the first woman Member of Parliament in the Bahamas.

## Biography

Janet Gwennett Musgrove was born in Nassau to Nick and Lois Musgrove. In 1957, she began working as a stenographer in the Legal Department of the Bahamas and by 1961 had become the private secretary of the Attorney General.
Between 1967 and 1971, she served as an Administrative Officer of the Legal Department and attended law school, earning her membership to the Bahamas Bar Association in 1971. Through 1974, she served as Crown Counsel simultaneously serving as Crown Prosecutor, leaving the government service in 1975 for private law practice. Between 1980 and 1981, she became the first woman to serve as president of the bar association.
In 1977, Bostwick was appointed as a Senator and in the 1982 Bahamian general election, she ran as a candidate of the Free National Movement (FNM) winning her race and becoming the first woman to serve in the House of Assembly. For the next twenty years, she served as MP for Yamacraw, sponsoring such legislation as the Matrimonial Causes Act (1978); the Affiliation Proceedings Act (1981); the Bar Act (1981); the Female Employees (Grant of Maternity Leave) Act (1988); and the Sexual Offenses and Domestic Violence Act (1991). She was appointed as Minister of Housing and Labour from 1992 to 1994 and served from 1994 to 1995 as Minister of Justice and Immigration. Between 1995 and 2001, she served as Attorney-General and simultaneously as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1995) and Minister for Women's Affairs (1995-2001).
Her appointment as Attorney General marked the first time a woman had served in that capacity. In 1998, when the Prime Minister and his deputy were both absent from the country, Bostwick became the first woman to act as Prime Minister. In 2002, Bostwick lost her re-election bid to Melanie Griffin. In 2011, Bostwick became the Deputy to the Governor General.

## Affiliations

Bostwick served as president of the Free National Movement Women's Association, president of the International Caribbean Women for Democracy and on the Executive Committee of the Girl's Brigade. In 2012, she was honored as Nassau's nominee of the International Woman of Courage Award.
The Janet Bostwick Medal for Women in the Foreign Service is named after her. Recipients include Patricia Rodgers (2014).

## Personal life

She is married to John Henry Bostwick, who from 1992 to 2002 served as President of the Senate. The couple has four children.
# German submarine U-2529

German submarine U-2529 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 29 September 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2529. She was launched on 13 November 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl-Heinrich Feufel on 22 February 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2529 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2529 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Service history

On 9 May 1945, U-2529 surrendered at Kristiansand, Norway. She was later transferred to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 3 June 1945, arriving on 6 June 1945.

## Post-war service

The Tripartite Naval Commission allocated U-2529 to the Soviet Union. On 4 December 1945, she arrived in Libau, Latvia, as British N-class N27. On 13 February 1946, the Soviet Navy allocated her to the Baltic Fleet and renamed her N-27. She was renamed B-27 on 9 June 1949 then sent to the reserve fleet on 10 June 1955. B-27 was redesignated on 19 September 1955 as block ship BSh-28, then on 9 January 1957 as training hulk UTS-3. She was finally struck from the Soviet Navy on 1 September 1972, and broken up for scrap.
Another source states that in March 1951 she was assigned to the 158th Submarine Brigade of the 27th Submarine Division; she was converted to floating charging station PZS-34 on 18 January 1956. On 25 March 1958 she was struck from the Soviet Navy and sold for scrap.
# All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting

The All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting (VNIITR; Russian: Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт телевидения и радиовещания (ВНИИТР) is an institute specializing in television broadcasting, magnetic video and sound recording, gramophone recording, radio broadcasting and radio broadcasting acoustics.

## History

The institute traces its history 1934. At that time, the Central Research Laboratory of Gramplasttrest (Russian: Грампласттрест) was created in the USSR. The laboratory was engaged in mechanical sound recording. Thanks to this work, it became possible to restore old mechanical records.
During the Great Patriotic War, the laboratory was engaged in the development of army sound broadcasting stations. These stations were engaged in propaganda of enemy troops. Since 1945, the All-Union Research Institute of Sound Recording (Russian: Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт телевидения и радиовещания) (VNAIZ) has grown out of the laboratory. In 1963, this institute was renamed the All-Russian Research Institute of Magnetic Recording and Technology of Radio and Television Broadcasting (VNIIRT), and in 1970 it was renamed the All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting (VNIITR). From 1979 to 1987 the general director was Sergey Ivanovich Nikanorov.
In 1996, the enterprise became an open joint-stock company.

## Activity

Since its establishment, the Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting has been engaged in work in the field of magnetic sound recording, the use of recording to create broadcasts in radio broadcasting, television, and cinematography.
In the 1950s, the institute developed studio and report tape recorders, and in the 1960s and 1970s, the Kadr-1 and Kadr-3 video recorders. In 1980, the institute participated in television broadcasts from the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
In 1982–1984, the institute developed second-generation video recorders "Kadr-103SC", used for television broadcasting, in 1987 - devices for determining the parameters of magnetic tapes.
In the 1990s, the institute worked on issues of creating high-definition television, then on the development of television and radio broadcasting equipment: transcoders, switches, optical-mechanical devices for television cameras, etc.
Since 1994, VNIITR has been engaged in certification in the GOST R system.
# Naria

Naria was a goddess in Gallo-Roman religion who appears to have been venerated only in what is now the western part of Switzerland. She was only mentioned twice in a Gallo-Roman context, and her nature and responsibilities remain obscure.

## Etymology

The name Naria is thought to originate from the Gaulish nertos, strength. The epithet Nousantia could be a contraction of nauson, ship, and anatia, soul.

## Extant depictions

Nariais mentioned only twice in known inscriptions from the Gallo-Roman era.
One, on a stone altar from Cressier, reads Nariae Novsantiae T. Frontin. Hibernvs V.S.L.M, that is: "To Naria Nousantia, Titus Frontinius Hibernus willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow". The epithet "Nousantia" is otherwise unknown.
The other inscription is on the base of a statuette from the Muri statuette group. That inscription, Deae Nariae Reg(io) Arvre(nsis) Cvr(ante) Feroc(e) L(iberto), translates as: "The Aar area association dedicated this to the goddess Naria; the freedman Ferox served as curator."
The Muri statuette is also the only known depiction of Naria. It shows her in a long-sleeved dress and with a diadem in her hair. The hands which held her divine attributes are missing. This depiction of Naria follows a generic style then used in Italy mostly for depictions of the goddess of luck, Fortuna. This indicates that Naria might also have been conceived of as a goddess of good luck and blessings.
# Steven Greenhouse

Steven Greenhouse is an American labor and workplace journalist and writer. He covered labor for The New York Times from 1983 through 2014. On December 2, 2014, he announced on Twitter: "Thanks All. With great ambivalence, I'm taking NYT buyout. I plan to write a book & still write lots of articles on labor & other matters". He has contributed as an occasional op-ed writer to The New York Times since February 2015.
He graduated from Wesleyan University, the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, and the New York University School of Law. He lives in New York City. His daughter is Emily Greenhouse, the editor of The New York Review of Books.

## Awards

* 2010 Society of Professional Journalists Deadline Club Award: Beat reporting for newspapers and wire services, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield
* 2010 New York Press Club Award: Outstanding enterprise or investigative reporting, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield
* 2009 The Hillman Prize for The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker
* 2014 Gerald Loeb Award for Breaking News for "Bangladesh"

## Works

* "Janesville, Wisconsin", Granta, January 2010
* "The End of Summer Vacation", Slate, June 11, 2008
* "The Unpaid Intern, Legal or Not", The New York Times, April 2, 2010
* The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker, Random House, Inc., 2009, ISBN 978-1-4000-9652-7
* The rights of teachers: the basic ACLU guide to a teacher's constitutional rights, Bantam Books, 1984, ISBN 978-0-553-23655-2
* "Refusal to Fire Unattractive Saleswoman led to Dismissal, Suit Contends", Race, class, and gender in the United States: an integrated study, Macmillan, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7167-6148-8
* "Child Care the Perk of Tomorrow", A nation at work: the Heldrich guide to the American workforce, Editors Herbert A. Schaffner, Carl E. Van Horn, Rutgers University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8135-3189-2
* Beaten Down, Worked Up: The Past, Present, and Future of American Labor Steven Greenhouse. Knopf, 2019 (416p) ISBN 978-1-101-87443-1
# Pheidole ceres

Pheidole ceres is a species of big-headed ant native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.
# Kim Chang-hwan

Kim Chang-hwan (born 24 September 1916, date of death unknown) was a South Korean fencer. He competed in the team foil and épée events at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Kim is deceased.
# Karacaören, Menteşe

Karacaören is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Menteşe, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 94 in 2019.
# The Office! A Musical Parody

The Office! A Musical Parody is a musical with book and lyrics by Bob and Tobly McSmith, and music by Assaf Gleizner. It is a parody of the popular American television show The Office.

## History

The show began performances at The Jerry Orbach Theatre on September 24, 2018, with an official opening on October 3, 2018. Opening night cast consisted of Sarah Mackenzie Baron, Michael Santora, Tom McGovern, Taylor Coriell, Katie Johantgen, Rebecca Mason-Wygal, and Ani Djirdjirian. The off-Broadway production was directed by Donald Garverick, with music direction by Tegan Miller.
The show temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and resumed performances on April 9, 2021, becoming the first musical to be staged in New York City following the pandemic. Cast members of the original series Jenna Fisher and Angela Kinsey attended a performance in May 2022. The show currently runs at The Jerry Orbach Theatre at The Theater Center.

## Musical Numbers
### Act 1

* Scranton (The Electric City)
* We Have Fun Here
* Sweet Little Moments
* That's What She...
* Not Gonna Close This Shop
* Assistant to the Regional Manager
* Sweet Little Moments (Reprise)
* Chris-O'Ween-Dwalaaka-Birth-A-Earth-A-Kwanzaa
* Such a Hot and Sexy Temp
* Little Moments (Reprise 2)
* You're the White One for Me
* Dundies

### Act 2

* Fun Run
* I've Got Chilli
* Kathy Bates
* Paper Cut Heart
* Candle Party
* I'm Nasty
* Chilli Reprise
* The Breakable Erin Hanlon
* Marry Me Beesly
* Threat Level Mid Afternoon
* That's What She Said (She Said She Loves Me)
* Finale