OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij

The Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (Dutch pronunciation:) or HSM (Hollands Iron Railway-Company) was the first railway company in the Netherlands founded on 8 August 1837 as a private company, starting operation in 1839 with a line between Amsterdam and Haarlem. The company remained operational until 1938, when it merged with the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) to form the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).

## History

The first line constructed was a line following the straight route of the Haarlemmertrekvaart canal, connecting Amsterdam with Haarlem, which opened on 20 September 1839. The line was quickly expanded to follow the Leidsevaart canal and reached Leiden in 1842, The Hague in 1843, and Rotterdam in 1847. Because this line is the oldest line in the Netherlands, it is now known as the Old Line. This line was originally built to Dutch broad gauge 1,945 mm (6 ft 4+9⁄16 in), but was converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge in 1866.
The line started at the Amsterdam d'Eenhonderd Roe station on the west side of Amsterdam, across the street from the company's headquarters, and ran to the Delftse Poort station in Rotterdam. Aside from this line, the HSM constructed a number of other rail- and tramways in the Netherlands, mainly in the relatively densely populated Holland, such as the Staatslijn K (1860–1865), a line northwards from Haarlem to Uitgeest in 1867, and the line to Zandvoort (1881). But the HSM also exploited lines to other regions, such as Utrecht (where it connected to lines of the SS), Zutphen (past cities as Amersfoort and Apeldoorn) and Nijmegen. The HSM even exploited a line to Leeuwarden, which took passengers by boat over the Zuiderzee.

## School

To service the trains on the rails, the HSM had the services of Koninklijke Fabriek van Rijtuigen en Spoorwagens J.J. Beijnes in Haarlem. This company grew so fast, that in 1891, the HSM, aided by the social activist Daniel de Clercq, began the Haarlem society called De Ambachtsschool to unify various city efforts to start a vocational school in Haarlem, in order to satisfy their need for workers in the booming train business.

## Merger

Economic woes caused by the First World War forced the HSM to start cooperation with the other Dutch railway company Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) to strengthen their economic position. In 1938, this led to the formation of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
# Shanghai pension scandal

The Shanghai pension scandal was a corruption case in Shanghai, China.
Ultimately, former Shanghai party chief Chen Liangyu was implicated in the scandal and removed from office. Other high-ranking officials were also implicated such as Zhu Junyi, Qin Yu, Yu Zhifei, and Chen Chaoxian. Politburo Standing Committee member and Vice-Premier Huang Ju and his wife Yu Huiwen were also believed to be involved, but were never officially exposed as being part of the scandal.

## Allegations

Shanghai's social security fund manages 10 billion yuan in assets. The allegations were that about a third of public funds was diverted into real estate and road investment projects.

## Dismissals

Chen Liangyu, the Shanghai Party Chief and Politburo member was sacked from the party in 2006, becoming the most senior party member to be dismissed in a decade. He was accused of illicitly investing billions of yuan of pension fund money in real estate, aiding illegal businesses, shielding corrupt colleagues, and abusing his position to benefit family members. On April 11, 2008, Chen, 61, was sentenced to 18 years in prison for accepting $340,000 in bribes and abusing power, specifically, for stock manipulation, financial fraud and his role in the city pension fund scandal, at the No. 2 Intermediate People's Court, Tianjin.
Also sacked and expelled from the Communist Party were:
* Yu Zhifei, the manager of Shanghai's Formula 1 racing track.
* Chen Chaoxian, a city district chief
* Ling Baoheng, the director of the Shanghai Asset Supervision Board
* Yin Guoyuan, deputy director of the Shanghai housing, land and resources administration
All those sacked will face criminal charges.

## Political context

Chen was seen as a senior member of the Shanghai clique who worked with former CPC General secretary, President Jiang Zemin and were seen as rivals to then CPC General secretary, President Hu Jintao and then Premier Wen Jiabao. The dismissals were seen as strengthening the authority of Hu and Wen within the party and weakening the Jiang loyalists. Another significant result of Chen Liangyu's downfall was the rise of Xi Jinping, who was transferred to Shanghai from Zhejiang to take over the position of Party Secretary in March 2007. Later in the same year, Xi entered the Politburo Standing Committee and became the successor of Hu Jintao.

## Popular culture

A thinly veiled reference to this scandal is a major plot element of the Chinese TV drama Dwelling Narrowness.
# Wólka Złojecka

Wólka Złojecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nielisz, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Zamość and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Mordella v-fasciata

Mordella v-fasciata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1895.
# 1929 in science fiction

The year 1929 was marked, in science fiction, by the following events.

## Births and deaths
### Births

* January 28 : Parke Godwin, American writer, (died 2013)
* July 9 : Zheng Wenguang, Chinese writer, (died 2003)
* July 10 : George Clayton Johnson, American writer, (died 2015)
* August 27 : Ira Levin, American writer, (died 2007)
* October 1 : (in French) Demètre Ioakimidis, French writer and anthologist, (died 2012)
* December 27 : Philippe Curval, French writer, (died 2023)

### Deaths
## Events

* Creation of the American magazine Wonder Stories, edited by Hugo Gernsback.

## Literary releases
### Novels

* (in French) Mond-Rak 1, by Otfrid von Hanstein.
* (in Russian) The Air Seller by Alexander Belayev.

### Short stories

* (in French) The last man, by Wallace West.
* (in French) The Killing Flash, by Hugo Gernsback.
* The Disintegration Machine, by Arthur Conan Doyle.

### Comics
## Audiovisual outputs
### Movies

* Woman in the Moon, by Fritz Lang.
* High Treason, by Maurice Elvey.

## Awards

The main science-fiction Awards known at the present time did not exist at this time.
# Teresa Galindo

Teresa Galindo (born 12 November 1970) is a Mexican beach volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Wólka Łubkowska

Wólka Łubkowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poniatowa, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Poniatowa, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Opole Lubelskie, and 32 km (20 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board

The Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board (ABC Board) is an Alabama state government agency responsible for licensing or permitting participants in the alcoholic beverages industry in Alabama. Alabama is an alcoholic beverage control state, thus the state has a monopoly over the wholesaling or retailing of some or all categories of alcoholic beverages.
The agency was established in 1937. As of 2022, the agency operated 168 stores selling alcohol within the state. Alcohol is distributed from a central warehouse located in Montgomery, Alabama.
# Cock and Hoop, Nottingham

The Cock and Hoop is a public house situated at numbers 25 and 27 High Pavement in the Lace Market, Nottingham. It was formerly known as the County Tavern. Number 27 is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The site on which the pub is located was formerly a house occupied by Joseph Pearson in 1832. From 1833 to around 2000 it was the County Tavern public house. The first landlord recorded is Thomas Harrison.
In 1905, William Wilson, the landlord since September 1903, was declared bankrupt.
It was rebuilt by Basil Baily and Albert Edgar Eberlin in 1933 for the Home Brewery Company.
It was taken over by the owners of the Lace Market Hotel and renamed it Cock and Hoop in the early 21st century. It closed briefly in 2014 following the failure of the Lace Market Hotel, but re-opened in 2015.
Cook and Hoop have permanent fixture ales from Robin Hood Brewery and Magpie Brewery.
# Windsor Framework Democratic Scrutiny Committee

The Windsor Framework Democratic Scrutiny Committee was established to assist with the observation and implementation of Article 13(3a) and (4) of the Windsor Framework, which is a legal agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom which adjusts the operation of the Northern Ireland Protocol. These are the parts of the Framework which set out the processes for how new, and amending or replacement EU law may apply in Northern Ireland.
In order to operationalise the democratic mechanisms included within the Windsor framework, the UK parliament approved regulations, known as the "Stormont brake".

## 2022–2027 Assembly

The committee will met for the first time in the 2022–2027 Assembly on 15 February 2024, has met in between and will meet again December 5, 2024.
| Party | Member | Constituency |
| Sinn Féin | Philip McGuigan MLA (Chairperson) | North Antrim |
| DUP | David Brooks MLA (Deputy Chairperson) | Belfast East |
| UUP | Steve Aiken MLA | South Antrim |
| DUP | Joanne Bunting MLA | Belfast North |
| Sinn Féin | Stephen Dunne MLA | North Down |
| Alliance | Connie Egan MLA | North Down |
| Sinn Féin | Declan Kearney MLA | South Antrim |
| Sinn Féin | Emma Sheerin MLA | Mid Ulster |
| Sinn Féin | Emma Sheerin MLA | Mid Ulster |
| Alliance | Eóin Tennyson MLA | Upper Bann |
# Émile Hardy

Emile Hardy (18 May 1897 – 7 October 1967) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1924 Tour de France.
# Mordella waterhousei

Mordella waterhousei is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1895.
# Dimitrios Diamantopoulos

Dimitrios Diamantopoulos (Greek: Δημήτριος Διαμαντόπουλος; born 18 November 1988) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre forward for Kampaniakos.

## Career

Born in Thessaloniki, Diamantopoulos started his career in the youth teams of PAOK. He signed his first professional contract in 2007 for local club Thermaikos – during his two-year stay, he made a total of 42 appearances and scored 7 goals in the Football League 2. In 2009, he moved to another Football League 2 side, Eordaikos, where he made 26 appearances and scored 6 goals.
In 2010, he moved to Veria in the Football League, where he stayed for 18 months with no goals scored in 14 appearances. In January 2012 he moved to Fokikos of the same league, for which he made 20 appearances, scoring 6 goals and being one of the masterminds of the team's performance in the second half of the 2011–12 season, where the newly promoted club narrowly escaped relegation.
In July 2012 he moved to Kerkyra in the Greek Superleague. He played for six months in Kerkyra and then moved to various Football League clubs, namely Apollon Kalamarias, Doxa Drama, Olympiakos Volou and Agrotikos Asteras. On 27 June 2016, he signed a two-year contract with Apollon Smyrni. However after the end of the season he left the team, as he wasn't part of the coach's future plans.

### Aris

On 12 July 2017 he signed a two-year contract with Aris. On 12 November, the 29-year-old striker scored a brace helping his club to seal a 2-0 home win against Kallithea, which were his first goals of the 2017-18 season. One week later he scored with a penalty in a dramatic 3-2 away win against Ergotelis, after a catastrophic first half in which his team were two goals down. On 10 December he scored in a difficult 2-1 away win against Doxa Drama. On 14 January 2018 he sealed a 2-0 away win against Apollon Larissa. On 10 February, he scored in the 89th minute in a 3-1 away win against Panserraikos. On 25 February, he was the MVP of a 4-1 away win against Aiginiakos, scoring a brace. On 24 March, he scored a brace helping his club to escape with a 3-2 win against Kissamikos in its rally to win promotion to the Superleague. On 15 April, he scored twice in a 5-2 home win against Panegialios. Ten days later, he scored another two goals in a 3-0 home win against Apollon Larissa. On 16 May, he scored a brace against Sparti, improving his tally to 16 goals.
On 31 October 2018, he scored both goals in a 2-1 home win against Aittitos Spata in the group stages of the 2018–19 Greek Cup. It was his first appearance of the season. On 9 December, Diamantopoulos scored his first ever Superleague goal in a disappointing 4-2 away loss against Atromitos.
# Andrea Green (sitting volleyball)

Andrea Green (born (1970 -05-29)29 May 1970) is a British female Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She is part of the Great Britain women's national sitting volleyball team.
She competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics finishing 7th. On club level she played for Loughborough Lions in 2012.
# Węgielnica, Lublin Voivodeship

Węgielnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Maria Cristina Villalobos

Maria Cristina Villalobos is an American applied mathematician at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, where she is Myles and Sylvia Aaronson Endowed Professor of mathematics, associate dean of sciences, and director of the Center of Excellence in STEM Education. Her research interests include mathematical optimization, control theory, and their application to retinitis pigmentosa treatment and to antenna design.

## Early life and Education

Villalobos was born in McAllen, Texas and grew up in Donna, Texas, both in the Rio Grande Valley, the oldest of three children of two immigrants from Mexico, and the first in her family with a college education. After participating in engineering programs at the University of Texas–Pan American as a high school student, she did her undergraduate studies in mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, also including summer research programs at Rice University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Sandia National Laboratories.
She went to Rice University for graduate study in mathematics, and completed her doctorate there in 2000. Her dissertation, The Behavior of Newton's Method on Two Equivalent Systems from Linear and Nonlinear Programming, was supervised by Richard A. Tapia.

## Career

She became a faculty member in mathematics at the University of Texas–Pan American in 2001; the university merged with the University of Texas at Brownsville creating the present University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, where she continues to work. In 2019 she was named associate dean for strategic initiatives and institutional effectiveness.

## Recognition

The University of Texas system gave Villalobos their 2013 Regents’ Outstanding Teaching Award. She was also the 2013 winner of the SACNAS Distinguished Undergraduate Institution Mentor Award of the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science. She won the 2019 Richard A. Tapia Achievement Award for Scientific Scholarship, Civic Sciences, and Diversifying Computing. She was one of three 2020 recipients of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring.
She was named to the 2023 class of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, "for contributions to modelling and optimization and for broadening the participation of underrepresented groups in mathematics".
# Anna Ivanovna Petrova

Anna Petrova (born September 15, 1962) is an artist-monumentalist who has made a significant contribution to the creation, recreation and restoration of the historical and religious monuments of the Crimea.

## Biography

She was born in Simferopol. in Ukraine, which was then a part of the Soviet Union. Her father, Petrov Ivan Semenovich, was a painter-batalist and her mother, Petrova Nina Petrovna, was a sculptor.
* Has a bachelor's degree in Crimean Art College from 1978 to 1984.
* Has a master of arts degree, with specialization of the monumental art in the class of professor A.A. Mylnikov at the Imperial Academy of Arts from 1984 to 1990

## Public collections

* Simferopol Art museum. Ukraine
* Museum historical memorial complex "35th Coastal Battery" Sebastopol. Ukraine
* Museum Foundation "Dragon" State of Taiwan, Russian art collection.
* Museum Podolsky district, Kiev, Ukraine.
* Kunstshtatsion City Museum Fulda, Germany.
# Biruința

Biruința (Romanian pronunciation:) is a town in Sîngerei District, Moldova.
The town is located 19 km (12 mi) from the district seat, Sîngerei, and 118 km (73 mi) from Chișinău.
# Dionysius IV of Constantinople

Dionysius IV of Constantinople (Greek: Διονύσιος Μουσελίμης; died 23 September 1696) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for five times, in 1671–1673, 1676–1679, 1682–1684, 1686–1687, and 1693–1694.

## Life

He was born in Constantinople, where he grew up. He studied at the Phanar Greek Orthodox College and worked as an administrative officer at the Patriarchate. On 9 August 1662, he was elected bishop of Larissa, where he remained until 1671, when he was first elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. After serving his first term as Patriarch, Dionysius IV was appointed the Metropolitan of Philippopolis (Plovdiv). He claimed descent from the Komnenian dynasty, but this claim is considered fictional by modern historians
During his second term, in 1678 Dionysius IV merged eparchies of Gothia and Caffa in Crimea on decision of the Holy Synod.
After his second term as Patriarch of Constantinople, from 1676 to 1679, he settled in Wallachia, a historical region of Romania, while serving another term at the eparchy of Philippopolis. Dionysius IV was in conflict with Patriarch James of Constantinople from 1679 to 1682, whom he forced to resign in 1682. After his third term (1682–1684), when Parthenius IV of Constantinople (1684–1685) was restored for his fourth time, he moved to Chalcedon until 1686. He returned to Constantinople in March 1686 and overthrew James again, who was restored for the first time (1685–1686). He wrote letters to the Patriarch of Moscow which effectively established the Metropolis of Kiev (Patriarchate of Moscow). James retaliated by offering a large sum to the Grand vizier and overthrew Dionysius IV on 12 October 1687.
He was imprisoned by the Ottoman Turks twice, in 1679, and from 1687 until 1688. After his final removal from the patriarchal throne in 1694, he retired in Bucharest, Romania. Dionysius IV died on 23 September 1696 at Târgoviște in Wallachia and was buried in Radu Vodă Monastery, a Romanian Orthodox monastery in Bucharest, where he lived his last years.
During his time of patriarchy, he dealt with many religious and political subjects including the position of the Orthodox Church against the Protestant confessions and Calvinist theologians.
# Kepler-1649b

Kepler-1649b is a Venus-like exoplanet orbiting Kepler-1649.

## Host star

Kepler-1649 is a type-M red dwarf star estimated to be roughly ¼ the radius of the Sun with only two confirmed planets in its orbit, the other being Kepler-1649c. Kepler-1649c is similar to Earth from our own solar system in two ways: both Kepler-1649c and Earth have orbits roughly twice the radius of the previous known planets (Kepler-1649b and Venus respectively), and they are of similar size.

### Orbit

Kepler-1649b takes only 8.6 Earth days to orbit Kepler-1649.
# Patman House

The Patman House was a historic house at Mountain and Jackson Streets in Pangburn, Arkansas. It was a 1+1⁄2-story T-shaped wood-frame structure, with a dormered gable roof, novelty siding, and a foundation of brick piers. It had modest vernacular Colonial Revival styling. It was built in the 1890s as a frame version of a dogtrot, but was significantly altered in the early 1920s, after Pangburn achieved prosperity as a railroad town.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It has been listed as demolished in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.
# Paton and Hannah Wilson House

The Paton and Hannah Wilson House is a historic building located north of Salem, Iowa, United States. Built by 1839, this single story Greek Revival is one of the oldest brick residences in Salem Township. Paton, or Payton, served in both the Iowa territorial legislature (1840-1842) and the Iowa state legislature (1850-1852). He advocated for the rights of all people, including citizens of color. Hannah was a charter member of Salem Monthly Meeting (Quakers). The Wilson's estate sold the house to Reuben and Abigail Hallowell in 1875, and their descendants continued to own it into the 21st century. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
# Patrick Calhoun Family Cemetery

The Patrick Calhoun Family Cemetery, located in Abbeville County, South Carolina, contains the graves of Patrick Calhoun and members of his family, who settled in Abbeville County in the 1750s. While Patrick achieved some fame as an Indian fighter, and later, as a South Carolina politician, he is perhaps best remembered as the father of John C. Calhoun, United States Senator and Vice President of the United States from 1824–1832. There are over two dozen graves in this rural and quiet cemetery. The landmark was listed in the National Historic Register on August 28, 1975.
# United Transformation Movement

The United Transformation Movement (UTM) is a political party in Malawi founded by Saulos Chilima.

## History

On 21 July 2018, Saulos Chilima launched his transformation movement called United Transformation Movement (UTM) towards formation of his political party to contest in May 2019 elections. On 1 February 2019 Chilima's UTM held meetings with two other political parties and an alliance of smaller political parties aimed at forming a united opposition. The other parties to the discussion were the Alliance for Democracy (Aford), former Malawi President Joyce Banda's Peoples Party, and the Tikonze People's Movement led by former Vice President Cassim Chilumpha. They agreed to field one presidential candidate for the May 2019 elections. Both Joyce Banda and Cassim Chilumpha later withdrew from the alliance citing "disagreement with the selection of a presidential running mate for the candidate of the upcoming election" as their reason.
In the 2019 Malawian general election that was later nullified, Chilima alongside Dr Michael Usi as a running mate came third with 20.24% of the popular vote and United Transformation Movement won 4 seats in the National Assembly. The presidential election of 2019 was held again in 2020.
In the 2020 presidential election, Chilima contested the race as Lazarus Chakwera's running mate for the Malawi Congress Party, in the tonse alliance which brought up to nine opposition political parties with hopes to topple the Mutharika administration. Chilima died in a plane crash on 10 June 2024 and he was replaced by Dalitso Kabambe during an elective convention held on 17 November 2024 at Mzuzu.
# Anzhelika Churkina

Anzhelika Churkina (born 18 September 1969) is a Ukrainian Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She is part of the Ukraine women's national sitting volleyball team.
She competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, winning the bronze medal, after beating the Netherlands in the bronze medal match. She competed in the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
# Jana Jurášová

Jana Jurášová (born (1969-02-25)25 February 1969) is a retired Czech female volleyball player. She was part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team.
She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. On club level she played with Barausse Vicenza.

## Clubs

* Barausse Vicenza (1994)
# Sabrina Bertini

Sabrina Bertini (born 30 October 1969) is an Italian former volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.