# List of confederations

This is an incomplete attempt at an exhaustive list of confederations.

## Confederations of states

Includes confederations of confederations:
| Name | Period | Type | Notes |
| Philistia | 1450–604 BC | Confederation of States | A confederation of city states in the Gaza strip. |
| Assuwa | 1400-14th century BC | Confederation of States | Confederation of 22 states in Anatolia formed to fight the Hittite Empire. |
| Xu (state) | ? - 512 BC | Confederation of States | |
| Sea Peoples | 1200 BC | | Hypothesised seafaring confederation that initiated the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. |
| Three Crowned Kings | 600 BC–300 AD | Confederation of States | Three Tamil dynasties which ruled in a triumvirate in Tamilakam, South Asia. |
| Etruscan dodecapolis | 6th Cent. BC | Confederation of cities | one of many Etruscan Leagues that was a confederation of twelve towns |
| Jin (Korean state) | 4th–2nd cent. BC | Confederation of States | |
| Ba (state) | ? - 326 BC | Confederation of Cheifdoms | |
| Mahan confederacy | 194 BC–?th cent. AD | Confederation of States | |
| Gaya Confederacy | 42–532 AD | Confederation of States | A Korean confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan period. |
| Xianbei confederacy | 93–234 AD | Confederation of tribal confederations | Nomadic empire in Eastern Asia. |
| Quda'a | 4th cent.-12th cent. AD | Confederations or tribes and tribal confederations | Confederation of Arab tribes. |
| Toltec Empire | 496–1122 AD | Confederation of States | Existed as a confederation between the Toltecs and the Chichimeca, simultaneously as an empire exerting control over places like Cholula. |
| First Turkic Khaganate | 552–603 AD | Confederation of tribal confederations | Göktürk confederation in Eurasia (unsure if actually a confederation) |
| Oqun/Western Turkic Khaganate | 603-657/742 AD | Confederation of tribal confederations | Split from the First Turkic Khaganate. Bore the Nushibi confederation. |
| Papal States | 756–1870 | Confederation of States | |
| Muisca Confederation | c. 800-1540 AD | Confederation of States | A confederation of Muisca chiefdoms in South America. |
| Kimek–Kipchak confederation | 880-1035 AD | Confederation of tribal confederations | Turkic state formed by seven peoples, including the Yemek and Kipchaks, in the area between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. |
| League of Mayapan | 987–1461 AD | Confederation of States | Pre-Hispanic state in Yucatan. |
| Cuman-Kipchak Confederation | 10th cent.–1241 AD | Confederation of tribal confederations | Confederation dominated by two Turkic nomadic tribes: the Cumans (also known as the Polovtsians or Folban) and the Kipchaks in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe. |
| Cinque Ports | 11th cent.–present | Confederation of Towns | A confederation of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex, England that formerly existed for military and trade purposes but continues for ceremonial reasons. |
| Aymara kingdoms | 1151–1477 | Confederation of States | Alliance of native polities in South America, later conquered by the Inca Empire. |
| Veronese League [it] | 1164–1167 | Defensive League | was merged into the Lombard League |
| Lombard League | 1167–1250 | Defensive League | |
| Tuscan League | 1197–? | Defensive League | |
| Kingdom of Cusco | 1200–1438 | Confederation of Cheifdoms | |
| Livonian Confederation | 1207–1561 | Confederation of States | |
| First Rhenish League [de] | 1254–1257 | League of Cities | |
| Old Swiss Confederacy | 1291 – 1798 | Confederation of States | |
| Hanseatic League | 13th Century - 1669 | Trade Confederation | |
| Jolof Empire | 13th century–1549 | Confederation of States | Confederacy of Wolof and Serer kingdoms in modern-day Senegambia. |
| Thuringian Three-City League [de] | 1304–1481 | League of Cities | |
| Confederation of Madya-as | 13th cent.–1569 | Confederal Monarchy | A pre-Hispanic state that was located in the Philippines. |
| Chalco (altépetl) | 13th cent.–1521 | Confederation of States | |
| Halberstadt Three-City League [de] | 1326–1486 | League of Cities | |
| Swabian League of Cities | 1331–1389 | League of Cities | |
| Confederacy of Tlaxcala | 1348–1520 | Confederation of States | |
| Lusatian League | 1346–1815 | League | |
| Décapole | 1354–1679 | Defensive League | |
| League of God's House | 1367–1799 | Confederation of States | |
| Confederation of Cologne | 1367–1385 | Military Confederation | |
| Aq Qoyunlu | 1378–1503 | Confederation of States | |
| Grey League | 1395–1799 | League | |
| Lizard League (medieval) | 1397–1411 | League | |
| Oirat Confederation | 1399–1634 | Confederation of tribal federations | Confederation of four Oirat tribes |
| League of the Ten Jurisdictions | 1436 – 1799 | League | |
| Prussian Confederation | 1440–1466 | Confederation of States | |
| Nogai Horde | 1440s–1634 | Confederations of tribal federations | Confederation formed by the Nogais in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe |
| League of Lezhë | 1444–1468 | League | Albanian League of nobles revolting against the Ottoman Empire |
| Aztec Empire | 1428–1521 | Confederation of States | Alliance between three city states in Central America |
| Menceyatos Confederation | pre-15th cent. | Confederation of States | Confederation on Tenerife prior to Spanish conquest of the Canary Islands. Taoro was primus inter pares. |
| Three Leagues | 1471-1799 | League | |
| Swabian League | 1488 - 1534 | League | |
| Kwararafa Confederacy | 1500-1840 | Confederation of States | Multi-ethnic confederation in central Nigeria. |
| League of Cambrai | 1508–1511 | Military League | a military coalition league against the Republic of Venice |
| League of Cognac | 1526 - 1530 | Military League | |
| Confederation of Shan States | 1527–1550s | Confederation of States | Confederation in Myanmar that conquered the Ava Kingdom. |
| Schmalkaldic League | 1531–1550s | League | A league of Germanic Lutheran princes that sought to create a protestant replacement for the Holy Roman Empire |
| United Provinces of the Midi [fr] | 1573–1589 | Confederation of communities | confederation of local communities in Southern France during the French wars of religion |
| Catholic League (French) | 1576–1595 | Military League | |
| Chaubisi Rajya | 16th cent.–1810 | Confederation of States | A confederation of 24 states. One of these, Gorkha, later conquered the others to form the Kingdom of Nepal. |
| Baise Rajya | ?–1810 | Confederation of States | A confederation of 22 states, later conquered by Gorkha in the unification of Nepal. |
| Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza | 16th cent. | Confederation of States | Confederation of seven kingdoms that were conquered by the Kingdom of Kongo |
| Kingdom of Lunda | 1600-1887 | Confederation of States | Confederation of states in the Upemba Depression in modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. |
| Protestant Union | 1608–1621 | Military League | |
| Catholic League (German) | 1609–1635 | Military League | |
| Confederate States of Lanao | 1616–1904 | Confederation of States | Confederation on Mindanao, Philippines. |
| Bohemian Confederation [de] | 1619–1620 | Confederation of Estates | |
| Heilbronn League | 1633–1635 | League | |
| Confederate Ireland | 1642–1652 | Confederal Monarchy | |
| New England Confederation | 1643–1684 | Confederation of States | British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. |
| Maratha Confederacy | 1671-1818 | Confederation of States | |
| League of Augsburg | 1686 - ? | Military League | |
| Aro Confederacy | 1690–1902 | Confederation of States | One of the two largest precolonial and colonial empires of the Igbo (Ibo) people of West Africa. (The other is the Kingdom of Nri.) |
| Dzików Confederation | 1734–1736 | Military Confederation | |
| Sikh Confederacy | 1748–1799 | Confederation of States | Confederation of 12 Sikh states. |
| Heshun Confederation | 1776–1839 | Confederation of States | Confederation of Kongsi republics in Borneo. |
| United States of America | 1781–1789 | Confederation of States | In its first steps, the United States was a confederation of thirteen states (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations) organized under the Articles of Confederation. Superseded by the new government under the U.S. Constitution. |
| United Belgian States | 1790 | Confederation of States | |
| Ekiti Confederacy | 1800s–1893/1914 | Confederation of States | Formed by the Ekiti people, a subset of Yoruba, in Nigeria. |
| Sokoto Caliphate | 1804 – 1903 | Confederation of Emirates | |
| Confederation of the Rhine | 1806–1813 | Confederation of States | Client state of the First French Empire. Dissolved after the Battle of Leipzig in the War of the Sixth Coalition. |
| United Provinces of New Granada | 1811–1816 | Confederation of States | Secessionist state in South America later reconquered by Spain |
| American Confederation of Venezuela | 1811 - 1819 | confederal republic | |
| Sweden-Norway | 1814–1905 | Union of kingdoms | Personal union between Sweden and Norway. Dissolved after the 1905 Norwegian plebiscite. |
| German Confederation | 1815–1866 | Confederation of States | Created as loose confederation of German states by the Congress of Vienna to replace the Holy Roman Empire. Weakened by the Austro-Prussian rivalry and the German Revolutions of 1848 before its final dissolution after Prussia's victory in the Austro-Prussian War. |
| League of the Free Peoples | 1815–1820 | Confederation of States | |
| Confederation of the Equator | 1824 | | |
| Argentine Confederation | 1831–1861 | Confederation of States | First political organization of Argentina. Highly decentralized and without a head of state. |
| Peru-Bolivian Confederation | 1836–1839 | Union of States | |
| Sonderbund | 1845–1847 AD | Confederation of States | A rival confederation of cantons in Switzerland during the Sonderbund War |
| Granadine Confederation | 1858–1863 | Confederation of States | |
| Confederate States of America | 1861–1865 | Confederation of States | Confederation established by several southern slave states that seceded from the Union. It comprised 11 states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. Kentucky and Missouri were both claimed by the Confederacy but never officially seceded. The Confederation was never officially recognized as a nation, although the United Kingdom and France recognized it as a belligerent power. Was reabsorbed by the United States after the American Civil War. |
| North German Confederation | 1867–1871 | Confederation of States | Military alliance of 22 states of Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia formed by the Augustbündnis. Superseded by the German Empire after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. |
| Fante Confederacy | 1867–1873 | Confederation of States | Formed by the Fante people, a subset of Akan, in Ghana. |
| Austria-Hungary | 1867–1918 | Union of Kingdoms | Personal union between the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (Austria) and the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary). Dissolved by the Treaties of Trianon and Saint-Germain-en-Laye after World War I. |
| Carlist States | 1872–1876 | Confederation of States | Established by the Carlists in Basque provinces and Navarre during the war. |
| Confederated Republic of Altai | 1918–1922 | Confederal Republic | Attempt at creating an independent Altai, but was annexed by the Soviet Union. |
| Republic of the Rif | 1921–1926 | Confederal Republic | |
| Soviet Union | 1922–1936 | Confederation of States | Originally it was a confederation between four soviet socialist republics (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). As a confederation of member states, Soviet constitutions formally defined each member republic as a sovereign state, whose membership was voluntary, and who could secede at any time. Soviet constitutions of 1936 onward defined the state as a federation. Dissolved in 1991. |
| Northwest Chinese Soviet Federation | 1935–1936 | Confederation of States | included the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Geledesha [zh] and the Tibetan People's Republic. |
| Western Galla Confederation | 1936 | Confederation of Cheifdoms | |
| Netherlands-Indonesia Union | 1949–1956 | Union of States | |
| Ethiopian Empire | 1952–1962 | Union of States | Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, an attempt to merge Eritrea and Ethiopia. Dissolved after Emperor Haile Selassie I formally annexed Eritrea to Ethiopia. |
| Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland | 1953–1963 | Union of States | Also known as the Central African Federation, consisting of the then British colonies of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland (current Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi). |
| Arab Federation | 1958 | Union of States | Ephemeral union of Jordan and Iraq. Dissolved after the overthrow of King Faisal II of Iraq in the July 14 Revolution. |
| United Arab Republic | 1958–1961 | Union of States | Union between Syria and Egypt. Dissolved after Syria's withdrawal following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. |
| United Arab States | 1958–1961 | Union of States | Confederation between the United Arab Republic and North Yemen. Dissolved due to the breakup of the United Arab Republic. |
| Union of African States | 1958–1961 | Union of States | An attempt to merge Ghana, Guinea and Mali through the views of panafricanism. Dissolved due to rising tensions between the countries after the 1963 Togolese coup d'état. |
| Federation of Arab Republics | 1972–1977 | Union of States | An attempt to merge Libya, Egypt and Syria. Dissolved despite public approval in each of the countries due to disagreements among the governments on the terms of the merger. |
| Arab Islamic Republic | 1974 | Union of States | Short-lived proposed union of Libya and Tunisia. |
| Senegambia Confederation | 1982–1989 | Union of States | Confederation that included the present-day countries of Senegal and Gambia. |
| Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus | 1989–2000 | Confederal militarized Quasi-State | A militarized political organization in the Caucasus |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 2003–2006 | Union of States | Replaced the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Dissolved after the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum. |
| Novorossiya | 2014–2015 | Confederation of States | A proposed and de facto confederation that emerged during the War in Donbas. |

## Greek city state leagues

The Ancient Greeks formed many Leagues which often acted as confederations and alliances usually to combat a common enemy, These polities would often be known as symmachia and koinon.
| Name | Period | Notes |
| Amphictyonic league | | |
| Ionian League | 650 - 133 BC | |
| Peloponnesian League | 550 - 366 BC | |
| Acarnanian League | 5th cent. - 31 BC | |
| Thessalian League | | |
| Delian League | 478-404 BC | Confederation of Greek city-states formed to fight the Achaemenid Empire. |
| Chalcidian League | 430 - 348 BC | |
| Italiote league | 430 - 278 BC | A confederation of Greek Colonies in Southern Italy |
| Epirote League | | |
| Aetolian League | 4th cent. –188 BC | |
| Euboean League | 3rd cent. BC - 2nd cent. AD | |
| Second Athenian League | 378 - 355 BC | A revival of the former Delian League |
| League of Corinth | 338/337 – 322 BC | |
| Arcadian League | 370 - 2nd cent. BC | |
| League of the Islanders | 314 - 167 BC | |
| Achaean League | 280–146 BC | |
| League of the Macedonians | | |
| Chrysaorian League | | |
| League of Free Laconians | 21 BC - 297 AD | |

## Tribal confederations

| Name | Period | Notes |
| Thinite Confederacy | ?-3150 BC | A speculated tribal confederation based in Thinis that constituted the Upper Egypt Kingdom. |
| Medjay | pre 23rd cent.-11th cent. BC | Confederation of nomadic peoples in Ancient Egypt |
| Israelites | 1200-10th cent. BC | Tribal grouping that would form the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. |
| Thamud | 8th cent. BC - 5th cent. AD | Arab tribal confederation. |
| Donghu | 7th cent.-150 BC | Tribal confederation of Hu in Mongolia. |
| Dahae | pre 4th cent. BC-? | Ancient tribal confederation in Iran. |
| Sarmatians | 3rd cent. BC-4th cent. AD | Confederation in Iran. |
| Massylii | 202 BC | A Berber tribal confederation that formed Numidia. |
| Byeonhan confederacy | 194 BC–42 AD | |
| Jinhan confederacy | 194 BC – 4th cent. AD | |
| Belgae | pre 1st cent. BC-? | Confederation of tribes in northern Gaul. |
| Caledonian Confederacy | pre 1st cent.-3rd cent. AD | Confederation in Scotland during the Roman Empire. |
| Musulamii | pre 1st century AD-? | Berber tribal confederation that fought the Romans led by Tacfarinas. |
| Clan Chattan | ?-present | Confederation of clans in the Scottish Highlands. |
| Maeatae | ?-3rd cent. AD | Tribal confederation in Roman Britain. |
| Tanukhids | 196-1100 AD | A confederation of Arab tribes. |
| Alemanni | 213 AD - ? | A Confederation of Germanic Tribes that ruled the kingdom of Alamannia |
| Kabyle tribes [fr] | 3rd cent. AD-?/present | Includes the Aït Djennad [fr], Aït Ouaguenoun [fr], Aït Idjer [fr], Aït Betroun [fr], Aït Iraten [fr] and Aït Mengellat [fr] confederations of the Kabyle people. The last three make up the Igawawen. |
| Rouran Khaganate | 330-555 AD | Tribal confederation in east Asia which evolved into a state. |
| Nemencha | pre 5th century-? | Berber tribal confederation that formed a kingdom in the 5th century. |
| Tuareg Confederations | 5th cent.-1905/1917/present AD | 8 tribal confederations in the Sahara: Kel Ajjer, Kel Ahaggar, Kel Adagh, Kel Ataram, Kel Denneg, Kel Ayr, Kel Gres and Kel Owey. |
| Turkic tribal confederations | 5th cent.-9th cent. AD | Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs, Uyghurs and the Saragurs. |
| Toquz Oghuz | 603-? AD | Confederation of nine Turkic Tiele tribes. |
| Xueyantuo | 628-723 AD | Confederation of two tribes which split from Tiele. |
| Türgesh | 699-766 AD | Turkic tribal confederation. |
| Hawwara | pre 7th cent.-present | Berber-Arab tribal confederation in the Maghreb. In Ancient times, was part of Numidia. |
| Banu Hilal | pre 7th cent. AD-?/present | An Arab tribal confederation that migrated to the Maghreb in the Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya with the support of the Fatimids. |
| Karluks | 7th cent.-? AD | Confederation of three tribes, unclear if they achieved independence at one point. |
| Zenata | pre 8th cent. AD-?/present | Grouping of tribal confederations that bore the Zayyanids, Marinids and Wattasids. Made up of Jarawa and Maghrawa. |
| Tatar confederation | 8th cent.-1202 AD | Tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau made up of 9 tribes. |
| Obotrites | 8th cent.-1167 | Tribal confederation of West Slavic tribes. |
| Magyar tribes | 830 AD-? | Confederation of Hungarian tribes. |
| Danhāǧa | pre 9th cent. AD-?/present | Grouping of tribal confederations and component of the Sanhaja triad (1st type). Made up of Bavares, Igawawen and Quinquegentiani/Massylii. Bore the Zirids, Hammadids and Fatimids. |
| Aznag | pre 9th cent. AD-?/present | Grouping of tribal confederations and component of the Sanhaja triad (2nd type). Bore the Almoravids. |
| Sanhaja | pre 9th cent. AD-?/present | Grouping of tribal confederations and component of the Sanhaja triad (3rd type). Bore the Almohads and Hafsids. |
| Masmuda | pre 9th cent.-? | Grouping of tribal confederations in the Maghreb. Made up of Ghumara, Hintata and Barghawata. |
| Maqil | pre 11th cent. AD-?/present | A Bedouin nomadic tribal confederation which migrated to the Maghreb from South Arabia in the 11th cent.. |
| Keraites | 11th cent.-13th cent. AD | Nestorian tribal confederation in the Altai-Sayan region. |
| Merkit | 11th cent.-1200 AD | Confederation of three tribes in the Mongolian Plateau. |
| Khamag Mongol | 1130-1206 AD | Considered by some to be the predecessor state to the Mongol Empire. |
| Ja'alin tribe | pre 12th cent.-1820/present AD | An Arab or Arabised Nubian tribal confederation located in Shendi, Sudan. |
| Baggara | pre 14th cent.-?/present AD | A nomadic tribal confederation in Chad which played a key role in the Mahdist War. |
| Iroquois Confederacy | 1451 AD-present | Five, later six, nations in the southern Great Lakes area. Initial members were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. The Tuscarora tribe joined in or around 1722 |
| Al-Muntafiq Emirate | 1530–1918 AD | Arab Tribal Confederation in southern Iraq and Kuwait |
| Ait Atta Confederation | 16th cent. AD-?/present | Berber tribal confederation in south east Morocco. |
| Powhatan Confederacy | late 16th cent. – 1677 AD | Indian Confederation of Algonquian-speaking people in modern day Virginia. |
| Wabanaki Confederacy | 1606–1862 AD, 1993 AD-present | A group of Native American nations in Canada and the United States. |
| Neutral Confederacy | 1615 - 1653 | |
| Iron Confederacy | pre 1692 - 1885 AD |
| Sip Song Chau Tai | pre 17th cent.-1954 AD | Confederation of chiefdoms in mountainous north-west Vietnam. It came under French influence from 1889 to 1954, via Tonkin and then French Indochina. |
| Illinois Confederation | 17th cent. - 1854 AD | |
| Wabash Confederacy | pre 1780s - ? | |
| Northwestern Confederacy | 1783–1795 AD | Indian confederacy during the Northwest Indian War. |
| Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians | pre 1792 AD-present | |
| Zilan | pre 18th cent.-19th cent. AD | Confederation of Kurdish tribes on the Ottoman-Qajar frontier. |
| Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs | pre 1800 AD-present | Confederation of three Native American tribes. |
| Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes | pre 1805 AD-present | Confederation of several Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai and Pend d'Oreilles tribes in the United States. |
| Tecumseh's confederacy | 1805-1813 AD | Indian Confederation formed by Tecumseh. |
| United Tribes of New Zealand | 1835 - 1840 AD | |
| Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon | pre 1854 AD-present | Confederation of 27 Native American tribes. |
| Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation | pre 1855 AD-present | Confederation of three Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribes. |
| Yakama Nation | pre 1855 AD-present | Confederation made up of Klikitat, Palus, Wallawalla, Wenatchi, Wishram, and Yakama peoples in the United States. |
| Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians | pre 1855 AD-present | Confederation made up of 27 tribes and bands in the United States. |
| Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation | pre 1860 AD-present | Confederation of the Upper and Lower Chehalis people, Klallam, Muckleshoot, Nisqually, and Quinault peoples in the United States. |
| Khamseh | 1861 AD-present | Tribal confederation in Iran. |
| Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation | pre 1872 AD-present | Confederation of 12 tribes in the United States. |
| Zayane Confederation | 19th cent.-1920 AD | Tribal confederation formed by Mouha ou Hammou Zayani in the face of the French conquest of Morocco culminating in the Zaian War. |
| Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation | pre 1912 AD-present | |
| Tekna | ?-?/present | Sahrawi tribal confederation. |
| Reguibat | ?-?/present | Sahrawi tribal confederation. |
| Blackfoot Confederacy | ? - present | |

## Supranational 'confederations'

A supranational union is a supranational polity which lies somewhere between a confederation that is an association of sovereign states and a federation that is a single sovereign state.
| Name | Period | Notes |
| Central American Integration System | 1907-present | Politico-economic union of states in Central America |
| Benelux | 1944-present | Politico-economic union of Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. |
| Arab League | 1945-present | Regional union of Arab states. |
| Organization of Ibero-American States | 1949-present | Cultural union of Iberophone states. |
| European Union | 1951-present | Continental union of European states with a range of powers from economic and political to security. |
| African Union | 1963-present | Continental union of African states with a range of powers from economic and political to security, emphasising pan-Africanism. |
| Group of 77 | 1964-present | Coalition of developing countries designed to promote members economic interests within the UN. |
| ASEAN | 1967-present | Continental union of south-east Asian states with a range of powers from economic and political to security. |
| Caribbean Community | 1973-present | Politico-economic union of Caribbean states and territories. |
| Gulf Cooperation Council | 1981-present | Politico-economic union of states contiguous to the Persian Gulf. |
| Economic Cooperation Organization | 1985-present | Politico-economic union of states in Central Asia, including Turkey and Iran. |
| South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | 1985-present | Continental union of states in South Asia. |
| Commonwealth of Independent States | 1991-present | Union in Eurasia composed of post-Soviet states, with economic and security powers. |
| Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation | 1992-present | Politico-economic union on the Black Sea. |
| Eurasian Economic Union | 1994-present | Economic union of post-Soviet states in Eurasia. |
| Union of South American Nations | 2004-present | Continental union of states in South America set up by Hugo Chavez aimed at countering American influence in the region. |
| Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations | 2006-present | Union of three breakaway states, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. |
| Organization of Turkic States | 2009-present | Union of Turkic states aimed at fostering unity between Turkic peoples. |
| Pacific Alliance | 2011-present | Trade bloc of states in Latin America. |
| Confederation of Sahel States | 2024-present | Confederation of Sahel States between Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. |