OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Clinton Spaulding

Charles Clinton Spaulding (August 1, 1874 – August 1, 1952) was an American business leader. For close to thirty years, he presided over North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, which became America's largest black-owned business, with assets of over 40 million US$ at his death.

## Biography

Spaulding was born in Columbus County, North Carolina to Benjamin Mack Spaulding, Senior (1845–1921) and Margaret Ann Virginia Moore (1849–1920).
He started out as a dishwasher and became general manager of a grocery company. In 1898, John Merrick, the owner of several barber shops, and Aaron M. Moore, a practicing physician, founded an insurance company, then named North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association. Merrick and Moore employed Spaulding in 1899 and he soon became general manager. After Moore's death in 1923, Spaulding took over as NC Mutual's president, serving until 1952.
The company specialized in "industrial insurance", which was basically burial insurance. The company hired salesmen whose main job was to collect small payments (of about 10 cents) to cover the insured person for the next week. If the person did die while insured, the company immediately paid benefits of about 100 dollars. This covered the cost of a suitable funeral, which was a high-prestige item in the black community.
Spaulding died on his 78th birthday in Durham, North Carolina.

## Leadership roles

Spaulding provided leadership in the National Negro Insurance Association and the National Negro Bankers Association by 1920. In 1942, the New York Chamber of Commerce, mainly a white body, elected him to membership. He served as a trustee for Howard University, Shaw University, and North Carolina College at Durham.
He was also active in politics. He helped establish the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs in 1935, serving as its first chairman. As national chairman of the Urban League's Emergency Advisory Council from 1930 to 1939, he campaigned to secure New Deal jobs for African-Americans.

## Awards and honors

In 1926 Spaulding was awarded the Harmon Foundation Gold Medal for distinguished achievement in business. Shaw University, Tuskegee Institute and Atlanta University conferred honorary Doctorates of Law on him.
Spaulding was recognized alongside John Merrick and Richard Fitzgerald as Main Honorees by the Sesquicentennial Honors Commission at the Durham 150 Closing Ceremony in Durham, NC on November 2, 2019. The posthumous recognition was bestowed upon the group for their contributions to Durham as innovative leaders who established one of the nation's strongest African American entrepreneurial enclaves.
# Black Tower (Brussels)

The Black Tower (French: Tour Noire; Dutch: Zwarte Toren) is a medieval tower in central Brussels, Belgium. It is one of the best preserved remains of the first fortifications of Brussels, built at the start of the 13th century. It is notable for being a single medieval tower surrounded by modern-day buildings. This odd sight has made it a popular tourist destination.
The Black Tower is located on the Place Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijneplein, behind the Church of St. Catherine, and not far from the Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan and the Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein. This site is served by the metro stations Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijne and De Brouckère on lines 1 and 5.

## History

The Black Tower was built in the early 13th century, as part of the first fortifications of Brussels. When the city's second fortifications were built at the end of the 14th century, its original function became obsolete. Historians believe it had by then become private property. This would explain why it survived so many centuries unharmed.
In the 16th century, unlike other sections of the wall, the tower survived the creation of a new dock for the inland port of Brussels, on the site where the Church of St. Catherine is now located. Around the same time, the tower was transformed into a tavern named In the Tower. In 1888, when the entire street was sanitised, the city's then-mayor, Charles Buls, saved the tower from demolition. The architect Victor Jamaer [fr] restored the building and reconstructed the gable and the roof, as well as the bent radius. In the 19th century, it was surrounded by a clothing store.
On 1 February 1937, the tower officially became a state's building and was classified as a historical monument. Nowadays, it is surrounded by a hotel with modern-day supplies. A plaque reminds passers-by of its historical importance.

## In popular culture

The Black Tower is subject of an album in the Belgian comic book series The Adventures of Nero by Marc Sleen. In the story De Zwarte Toren ("The Black Tower") (1983), Nero visits Brussels and discovers mysterious activities occurring in the tower. Based on this story, the proprietors of the Marc Sleen Museum made the tower part of a special Nero route, which takes visitors to several parts of Brussels that play an important role in certain Nero albums.
# Parkesburg National Bank

The Parkesburg National Bank is an historic, American bank building that is located in Parkesburg, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## History and architectural features

This historic structure was built in two sections; the older dates to 1883 and the second to circa 1900. Both are three-story, brick structures that sit on banked basements. The older section has a patterned slate mansard roof with rounded dormer windows and was designed in the Second Empire style. The addition is faced in concrete, with floral patterns, a lion's head, and the bank's insignia. It generally represents the Classical Revival style. The building has been converted to apartments.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# True Colours (Level 42 album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
True Colours is the fifth studio album by the English jazz-funk band Level 42, released on 5 October 1984 by Polydor Records. Beyond the band's native UK, the album was released in 10-plus other countries, including Japan, Germany and the US. The album peaked at #14 in the UK Albums Chart.
The first single released, "Hot Water", hit #18 on the UK Singles Chart, #7 in Belgium and #3 in the Netherlands, and has become a staple in Level 42's live sets to the present day. The second single "The Chant Has Begun", released in many countries, peaked at #41 in the UK Singles Chart.
"Hot Water" was released in the US in 1986 (after being featured in a single version on the US version of the band's follow-up studio album World Machine) and entered the Billboard Hot 100, at #87.

## Track listing

Side A
* "The Chant Has Begun" (Mark King, Phil Gould) – 5:23
* "Kansas City Milkman" (Wally Badarou, King, Mike Lindup, P. Gould) – 5.31
* "Seven Days" (P. Gould, King, Lindup, R. Gould) – 4:26
* "Hot Water" (King, P. Gould, Lindup, Badarou) – 5:41
Side B
* "A Floating Life" (King, P. Gould) – 5:14
* "True Believers" (King, P. Gould) – 5:03
* "My Hero" (King, P. Gould, Boon Gould) – 4:15 [originally a bonus track on the CD and cassette]
* "Kouyate" (King, P. Gould, Badarou) – 4:52
* "Hours by the Window" (King, P. Gould) – 5:10

## Personnel

Level 42
* Mark King – vocals; bass; percussion
* Mike Lindup – vocals; keyboards
* Boon Gould – guitars
* Phil Gould – drums; percussion
Additional musicians
* Wally Badarou – keyboards
* Gary Barnacle – alto saxophone; tenor saxophone; electric saxophone

## Production

* Produced and engineered by Ken Scott for KoMos Productions.
* Assisted by James Tippett-IIes and Jim Russell
* Mixed at Park Gate Studios
* Mastered by Bernie Grundman at A&M Studios (Los Angeles, CA)
* Sleeve design – Baker Dave and Malcolm Garrett for Assorted Images.
* Photography – Sheila Rock

## Chart positions
### Album charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1984 | United Kingdom | #14 |
| 1984 | Germany | #23 |
| 1984 | Sweden | #29 |

### Single charts

| Year | Song | Chart | Position |
| 1984 | "Hot Water" | UK Singles Chart | #18 |
| 1986 | "Hot Water" | Billboard Hot 100 | #87 |
| 1984 | "The Chant Has Begun" | UK Singles Chart | #41 |
# Oliver Clyde Fuller

Oliver Clyde Fuller (September 13, 1860 – August 17, 1942) was an American banker, financier, and golfer.

## Life

Born September 13, 1860 on a plantation in Clarkesville, Habersham County, Georgia to Henry Alexander Fuller and Martha Caroline Fuller (née Wyly). He was a descendant of American Revolutionary War generals, Tennessee Governor John Sevier, and French royalty.
He matriculated into the University of Georgia at the age of 16. He was boxing champion during his Junior year. He graduated from the University of Georgia.
Following the Civil War, with the Fuller family farm destroyed, and slaves freed, the Fuller family moved immediately to Atlanta. His father, Henry Alexander Fuller, opened what would become the largest Grocery Store in Atlanta during reconstruction. H.A. Fuller, with his sons Oliver, and Clarence Paul Fuller became Grocer Merchants. This store originated as Fuller & Oglesby. This partnership was dissolved, and became Fuller & Sons. In 1881, he married Katherine Fitzhugh Caswell of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and they had six children. Fuller and Caswell took over management of her father's estate, Napoleon Bonaparte (N.B.) Caswell in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for which the Caswell block is named. In 1891, he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1893, founded the O. C. Fuller Co., an investment firm. In 1903 he founded and became President of the Wisconsin Trust Co., which took over the Fuller Co. He was a leader in the creation of the First Wisconsin Group, a bank and trust firm, serving as president of the First Wisconsin National Bank, the First Wisconsin Trust Co., and the First Wisconsin Co., which later became Firstar Corporation, which in turn became U.S. Bancorp in 2001. Fuller was also Treasurer and Trustee of Forest Home Cemetery, which was run by St. Paul's Episcopal Church.
Active in many businesses and athletic clubs, Fuller was a Trustee of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., and a Director of the Wisconsin Telephone Co., Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee Gas Light Co., Wisconsin Securities Co., Wisconsin Public Service Co., Milwaukee Mechanics Insurance Co., Milwaukee Refrigerator Transit Co., and the Milwaukee Auditorium Co. He was a member of council of American Bankers' Association, 1908–10; elected to Chairman of executive committee of the Trust Company Section, American Bankers' Association, 1908; Vice President, 1909; and President, 1910. He was also involved in the Wisconsin Society Sons of American Revolution (formerly President); Wisconsin Society of Colonial Wars, Phi Delta Theta Society of the University of Georgia. He retired from business life in 1926.

## Personal life

Fuller was an avid golfer, credited with helping bring the game to the Midwest. He was a founder and President of various Milwaukee golf, tennis, yacht and athletic clubs. An article in The American Golfer in 1915 called him a pioneer golfer in the Cream City.
He died on August 17, 1942.
# List of people on the postage stamps of Samoa

This is a list of people on stamps of Samoa.
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
The year given is the year of issue of the first stamp depicting that person.
Data has been entered up to the end of 2005.

## A

* Buzz Aldrin (1989)

## B

* The Lord Baden-Powell (1982)
* Otto von Bismarck (1990)
* Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1968)

## C

* Prince William (now Duke of Cambridge) (1997)
* James Cook (1970)

## D

* William Henry Draper III (1990)

## E

* The Duke of Edinburgh (1992)
* Edward VII (1914)
* The Prince Edward (1997)
* The Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) (1946)
* Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother) (1946)

## F

* Faʻalavaʻau Galu, minister of post office, radio and broadcasting (1967)
* Peter Fatialofa (1991)
* Rita Fatialofa (2003)
* Beatrice Faumuina (2003)
* Fatu Feuʻu (2003)
* Benjamin Franklin (1971)

## G

* Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (1987)
* George V (1915)
* George VI (1946)
* Aggie Grey, hotelier (1971)

## H

* Edmond Halley (1986)
* Paul P. Harris (1980)
* Prince Harry (1985)
* Rowland Hill (1979)

## J

* Michael Jones (2003)

## K

* Martin Luther King Jr. (1969)

## L

* Lily Laita (2003)
* Pati Levasa, fire dancing champion (2001)
* Charles Lindbergh (1977)

## M

* Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi (2005)
* Malietoa Laupepa (1892)
* Malietoa Tanumafili II (1963)
* The Princess Margaret (1946)
* Fritz Marquardt (1968)
* Afioga Afoafouvale Misimoa, South Pacific Commission secretary-general (1972)

## N

* Frank C. F. Nelson, minister of works, marine and civil aviation (1967)

## P

* Pope Paul VI (1970)
* Zara Phillips (1997)

## R

* Eleanor Roosevelt (1981)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1981)

## S

* Jesse Sapolu (2003)
* Wilhelm Solf (1968)
* Robert Louis Stevenson (1939)

## T

* Abel Tasman (1987)
* Vanya Tauleʻalo, artist (2003)
* Toʻomata Tua L., minister of lands (1967)
* Thomas Trood (1968)
* David Tua (2003)
* Tuatagaloa Leutele S., minister of justice (1967)
* Michel Tuffery (2003)
* Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole (1963)

## V

* Queen Victoria (1914)
* Rev. Father Violette, Roman Catholic missionary (1970)
* Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche, artist (2003)

## W

* George Washington (1982)
* The Countess of Wessex (1999)
* The Prince of Wales (1981)
* The Princess of Wales (1981)
* John C. Williams (1968)
* William Willis (1974)

## Y

* Princess Eugenie of York (1999)

## Z

* Zhu Rongji (2005)
# Pertusa (Spain)

Pertusa is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain.
According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 135 inhabitants.

## History

Pertusa was an Ilergetes settlement, known only under the same name, which was given under Roman rule.
# William Trist Bailey

William Trist Bailey (October 9, 1846, in Torquay – February 21, 1910, in New York City) was a land developer who founded the community of Bayswater near Far Rockaway, Queens, New York City. He purchased the land from the descendants of Richard Cornell in 1878, and turned Bayswater into a fashionable residential neighborhood. Streets in Bayswater which bear his name are Trist Place and Bailey Court.
# Prosopocoilus tragulus

Prosopocoilus tragulus is a species of beetle in the family Lucanidae.

## Description

Prosopocoilus tragulus can reach a length of about 23–59 millimetres (0.91–2.32 in) in males and about 25–32 millimetres (0.98–1.26 in) in females.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Indonesia and New Guinea.
# N-Phenylhydroxylamine

N-Phenylhydroxylamine is the organic compound with the formula C$_6$H$_5$NHOH. It is an intermediate in the redox-related pair C$_6$H$_5$NH$_2$ and C$_6$H$_5$NO. N-Phenylhydroxylamine should not be confused with its isomer α-phenylhydroxylamine or O-phenylhydroxylamine.

## Preparation

This compound can be prepared by the reduction of nitrobenzene with zinc in the presence of NH$_4$Cl.
Alternatively, it can be prepared by transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using hydrazine as an H$_2$ source over a rhodium catalyst.

## Reactions

Phenylhydroxylamine is unstable to heating, and in the presence of strong acids easily rearranges to 4-aminophenol via the Bamberger rearrangement. Oxidation of phenylhydroxylamine with dichromate gives nitrosobenzene.
Like other hydroxylamines it will react with aldehydes to form nitrones, illustrative is the condensation with benzaldehyde to form diphenylnitrone, a well-known 1,3-dipolar compound:
    C$_6$H$_5$NHOH + C$_6$H$_5$CHO → C$_6$H$_5$N(O)=CHC$_6$H$_5$ + H$_2$O
Phenylhydroxylamine is attacked by NO$^+$ sources to give cupferron:
    C$_6$H$_5$NHOH + C$_4$H$_9$ONO + NH$_3$ → NH$_4$[C$_6$H$_5$N(O)NO] + C$_4$H$_9$OH
# Takehiko Yanagi

Takehiko Yanagi (born 28 March 1916, date of death unknown) was a Japanese field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Yanagi is deceased.
# Unsinkable (film)

Unsinkable (stylised UNSINKABLE), also known as Unsinkable: Titanic Untold, is a 2024 historical drama film directed and co-written by Cody Hartman. The film tells the story about the enquiries in the aftermath of the sinking of the RMS Titanic. Shot entirely in Pittsburgh, the film stars Cotter Smith, Fiona Dourif, Jayne Wisener, and Karen Allen.

## Plot

After the RMS Carpathia arrives in New York City with the Titanic survivors, Senator William Alden Smith (Cotter Smith) has assembled in New York to guarantee the testimony of all fundamental witnesses during the sinking. Senator Smith and journalist Alaine Ricard (Fiona Dourif) investigate the tragedy as they decipher tales of hurried investigations, political intervention, and the pursuit of corporate responsibility, in addition to flashbacks to the gallantry and sacrifice on Titanic's deck during the fateful night in April 1912.

## Cast

* Cotter Smith as William Alden Smith, a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator investigating the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
* Jayne Wisener as Maggie Malloy, Senator Smith's secretary.
* Fiona Dourif as Alaine Ricard, an investigative journalist operating under a pseudonym who investigating the inquiries.
* Karen Allen as Nancy Smith, William Smith's wife.

## Release

Unsinkable was limited theatrically released in the United States and the United Kingdom on 12 April 2024. It was later added to popular streaming service 'Amazon Prime Video' in May.

### Reception

Joshua Axelrod from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette gave it a 3 out of 4, stating the film "is an extremely commendable and well-intentioned project that’s only held back by an occasionally stodgy disposition and the rare moments when the film's seams peak through its otherwise glossy exterior." Monique Jones from Common Sense Media also gave it a positive rating, saying, "This straightforward drama is likely to entertain history buffs, especially those who've been entranced by the lore around the Titanic."
Leslie Felperin, a writer for The Guardian, gave this film 2 stars out of 5, stating "the film-makers must have been grateful that the tragedy happened in the dark because it covers up the fact that it looks like the lifeboats are being lowered into a swimming pool while a giant cutout ship capsizes in the background". Although she praised the dialogue, saying it "sounds as if it was lifted straight from the congressional record, which is curiously pleasing to the ear and adds a tang of authenticity."
# Ed Daein

El Daein (also spelt Ad Du'ayn, Ad Da'en or Ed Da'ein; Arabic: الضعين) is a city located in southwestern Sudan. It lies about 831 km from the capital Khartoum and has population of about 300,000 people.
El Daein is the capital of the state of East Darfur, created in January 2012, and is located at the crossroads of the states of the Darfur region and Khartoum. It is located 157.4 km away from the city of Nyala in South Darfur and 180.6 km from Al Mijlad in South Kordofan.

## History

The city was founded by Barsham (Haskanet) bin Abd al-Hamid, and the Rizeigat tribe to which Madboo bin Ali bin Barsham belonged, settled in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries AD. The city's history witnessed clashes between it and the rulers and tribes of the neighboring regions, such as the Fur tribe in western Sudan and the Dinka in southern Sudan. The Rizeigat were subservient to the Sultan of Darfur and, on behalf of the Sultan of Fur, fought Zubair Pasha who defeated them twice on his way to conquer Darfur and annex it to the Ottoman Sultanate and their Viceroy in Egypt.
The Rizeigat joined the Mahdist Revolution in Sudan and pledged allegiance to the Mahdi in Mount Qadeer in 1882 AD and their leader, Maddo, participated in the Shalali battle that the Mahdi led against the soldiers of Turkish-Egyptian rule in the region.
On 27 and 28 March 1987, the city witnessed an ethnic massacre, when armed Rizeigat killed over 1,000 Dinkas.
On 22 November 2023, the city was captured and is currently occupied by the Rapid Support Forces during the War in Sudan (2023).

## Transportation

The city is linked by rail to Khartoum in the east and Nyala city to the west and is a centre of local trade in wheat, peanuts, barley and livestock. The city is served by the Ed Daein Airport (IATA: ADV).
# Adrian Bajrami

Adrian Bajrami (born 5 April 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Portuguese club Benfica B. Born in Switzerland, he plays for the Albania national team.

## Career

Bajrami is a youth product of the academies of Langenthal, TOBE and Young Boys in Switzerland, before moving to Benfica's academy in 2018. On 29 October 2019, he signed his first professional contract with Benfica. He made his professional debut with Benfica B in a 2–1 Liga Portugal 2 loss to Académico Viseu, coming on as a late sub in the 75th minute.

## International career

Born in Switzerland, Bajrami is of Albanian origin from Ohrid, North Macedonia. In 2019, he played for both the Switzerland U18s and the Albania U19s. He was called up to the senior Albania national team for a set of friendlies in May 2022. He debuted with the senior Albania national team in a friendly 0–0 tie with Estonia on 13 June 2022.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 17 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Benfica B | 2021–22 | Liga Portugal 2 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Benfica B | 2022–23 | Liga Portugal 2 | 23 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 23 | 2 |
| Benfica B | 2023–24 | Liga Portugal 2 | 29 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 29 | 2 |
| Benfica B | 2024–25 | Liga Portugal 2 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Benfica B | Total | Total | 55 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 4 |
| Benfica | 2024–25 | Primeira Liga | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 56 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 4 |

## Honours

Benfica Youth
* Under-20 Intercontinental Cup: 2022
Benfica
* Taça da Liga: 2024–25