# N Seoul Tower

The N Seoul Tower (Korean: N 서울타워), officially the YTN Seoul Tower and a.k.a. the Namsan Tower, is a communication and observation tower located on the summit of Namsan (262 m (860 ft)) in central Seoul, South Korea. The 236-metre-tall (774 ft) structure marks the second highest point in Seoul and is considered a local landmark.
Built in 1971, N Seoul Tower is South Korea's first general radio wave tower, providing TV and radio broadcasting in Seoul. Currently, the tower broadcasts signals for Korean media outlets, such as KBS, MBC, and SBS.

## History of the Seoul Tower

Built in 1969 at a cost of approximately US$2.5 million, the tower was completed on 3 December 1971, designed by architects at Jangjongryul, though at the time the observatory was not built, and the tower was only used for transmission purposes, primarily to block North Korean television and radio from reaching Seoul. The observatory was built in 1975, but was not opened due to national security concerns, as the presidential residence at the time, the Blue House, was visible from the observatory, with President Park Chung Hee even saying "Songaksan is visible from there? If so, then the Blue House would be visible too, right?". Even today, telescopes are not mounted in the general direction of the Blue House. Since opening to the public in October 1980, the tower has been a landmark of Seoul. Tower elevation ranges from 236.7 metres (777 ft) at the base to 479.7 metres (1,574 ft) above sea level. It was renamed to N Seoul Tower in 2005, with the 'N' standing for 'new', 'Namsan Mountain', and 'nature'. Approximately ₩15 billion was spent in renovating and remodeling the tower, also in 2005.
When N Seoul Tower's original owner merged with CJ Corporation, it was renamed the N Seoul Tower (official name CJ Seoul Tower). YTN acquired it from CJ Corporation in 1999, and changed its name to YTN Seoul Tower. It has also been known as the Namsan Tower and Seoul Tower. It is also Korea's first general radio wave tower that holds transmissions antennas of KBS, MBC, SBS TV, FM, PBC, TBS, CBS, and BBS FM.
N Seoul Tower, along with Changdeokgung, was selected as one of the world's top 500 tourist destinations in Lonely Planet's Ultimate Travel List.

## Floors and amenities

N Seoul Tower is divided into three main sections called N Lobby, N Plaza and N Tower. The N Plaza section comprises two floors, while the N Tower section comprises four floors. There are three observation decks throughout the building, although the restaurant on the third floor (3F) and the revolving restaurant on the top floor (7F) offer views comparable to those of the observation decks on the fourth (4F) and fifth (5F) floors.

### N Lobby

The lobby has the entrance to the observatory, an information desk, a museum, a cafe, children's theatre, and a nursing room.

### N Plaza

N Plaza has two floors. The first floor (1F) includes the ticket booth, a souvenir shop, a cafe and a burger shop, whereas the second floor (2F) houses an Italian restaurant and a roof terrace. The "Locks of Love" are situated within the roof terrace.

### N Tower

The N Tower section has four floors: 3F, 4F, 5F, and 7F. Unlike most buildings in South Korea that do not have a fourth floor due to Tetraphobia (similar to Triskaidekaphobia), N Seoul Tower does but avoids Tetraphobia by including the 'F' suffix for 'floor' in the floor name. Note that there is no sixth floor.
Most of the city of Seoul can be seen from the N Tower section, although a lattice transmission tower is situated approximately 50 metres (160 ft) east of N Seoul Tower. The third floor (3F) of N Seoul Tower has a Korean restaurant called Hancook, and a digital observatory with a 360° panoramic view that showcases Korea's history through 32 LCD screens. Floors 4F and 5F have observation decks and gift shops. The seventh floor (7F) has a French restaurant, which rotates at a rate of one revolution every 48 minutes.

## Attractions
### Visiting

Many visitors ride the Namsan cable car up Namsan Mountain to walk to the tower. The tower is renowned as a national landmark and for its cityscape views. The 236.7-metre (777 ft) tower sits on the Namsan Mountain (243 metres or 797 feet). It attracts thousands of tourists and locals every year, especially during nighttime when the tower lights up. Photographers enjoy the panoramic view the tower offers. Each year, approximately 8.4 million visit the N Seoul Tower, which is surrounded by many other attractions South Korea offers, including Namsan Park and Namsangol Hanok Village. Visitors may go up the tower for a fee that differs for the following groups: children, elderly and teenagers, and adults. Rates also differ for packages and group size.
In 2012, surveys conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government revealed foreign tourists ranked the N Seoul Tower as the number one tourist attraction. The N Seoul Tower is now also a symbol of Seoul.

### Lighting of the Tower

The N Seoul Tower is illuminated in blue from sunset to 11 pm (10 pm in winter) on days that the air quality in Seoul does not exceed 45 micrograms per cubic metre (2.0×10$^{−5}$ gr/cu ft) as measured by fine dust concentration. During the spring of 2012, the tower was lit up for 52 days, which is four days more than in 2011. The tower uses the latest LED technology to offer visitors a digital, cultural art experience through 'light art.' The N Seoul Tower puts on many different shows, including the "Reeds of Light" and "Shower of Light."
An exception to this is Earth Hour. During Earth Hour, lights are turned off nationwide to promote energy conservation awareness. At N Seoul Tower, lights are turned off in support of Earth Hour at 8 pm.

### Love Padlocks

In a poll of nearly 2,000 foreign visitors conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in November 2011, 16 percent stated that hanging named padlocks on the tower fence as a symbol of love was their favorite activity in Seoul. This attraction is situated on the 2nd floor of the N Plaza, at the Roof Terrace. The "Locks of Love" is a popular location for people to hang locks that symbolize eternal love, and has been depicted in many Korean television shows, dramas, and movies for this reason.
'Love padlocks' is a common couple activity that involves purchasing of a padlock and key, where initials, messages and symbols can be personally inscribed onto the surface of the lock with markers and pens. Securing the padlocks on the fences filled with locks of previous participants, the key is often thrown away as a symbol of everlasting love. This is similar to the love locks in Paris, France, on the Pont Neuf bridge.

### Wishing Pond and Observatory

The N Tower also holds many other attractions including the digital observatory and the Wishing Pond. The Wishing Pond can be found on the second floor of the tower, where people throw coins into the pond while making a wish. The coins are collected and donated to help develop schools in China and Southeast Asia, especially in underdeveloped areas. The observatory, renovated in 2011, is on the third floor. The observatory not only offers a 360° view of the city, but also exhibits 600 years of Korean history through 36 LCD screens. The fifth floor houses a French restaurant known as N Grill.

### Other events and attractions

In 2008, the Teddy Bear Museum was opened at the tower, with a 7-metre-tall (23 ft) Christmas tree made with 300 teddy bears to celebrate its opening. It showcases teddy bears in the past, present, and future of Seoul, as well as teddy bears models in Seoul attractions, such as the Cheonggyecheon Stream, Myeongdong, Insadong, and Dongdaemun.

### Displays of 55-inch OLED Panels

OLED panels are displayed all around the Namsan Seoultower from level 1 to 4. On level 1, guests will be greeted by a 9-metre (30 ft) OLED tunnel with welcome messages, and a 15-by-3-metre (49.2 ft × 9.8 ft) curved panorama OLED display with a view of the Gwanghwamun Gate and Gyeongbokgung Palace through the four seasons. On level 2, we can see the OLED circle, shaped like a round belt hanging in the air. On level 4, there is a 24-metre-long (79 ft) wavy structure decorated with images of wish lanterns, flames and patterns of dancheong to represent beautiful sky across Seoul. And next, we can experience '3D video world'.

## Broadcasting use

N Seoul Tower is used as a radio/television broadcast and communications tower.

### Television broadcasters
#### ATSC 1.0 stations

| Channel | Channel name | Callsign | Station | Power | Broadcast Area |
| 6 | SBS TV Seoul (HD) | HLSQ-DTV | Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 7 | KBS2 Seoul (HD) | HLSA-DTV | Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 9 | KBS1 Seoul (HD) | HLKA-DTV | Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 10.1 | EBS TV Seoul (HD) | HLQL-DTV | Educational Broadcasting System (EBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 10.2 | EBS 2 Seoul (HD) | HLQL-TV-2 | Educational Broadcasting System (EBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 11 | MBC TV Seoul (HD) | HLKV-DTV | Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |

#### ATSC 3.0 stations

| Channel | Channel name | Callsign | Station | Power | Broadcast Area |
| 7 | KBS2 (UHD) | HLSA-UHDTV | Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 9.1 | KBS1 (UHD) | HLKA-UHDTV | Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 9.2 | KBS News D (HD) | HLKA-UHDTV-2 | Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |

### Radio broadcasters

| Frequency | Station name | Callsign | Power | Broadcast Area |
| 96.7 MHz | KFN FM | HLSF-FM | 2 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 99.1 MHz | Gugak FM | HLQA-FM | 5 kW | Seoul Capital Area |
| 101.3 MHz | tbs eFM | HLSW-FM | 1 kW | Seoul Capital Area |

## Gallery

* Teddy Bear Museum entrance
* Love padlock trees
* A view of Seoul from the N Seoul Tower.
* Another view of Seoul from the N Seoul Tower
* The Namsan cable car, which leads up to the N Seoul Tower.
* The nearby lattice transmission tower at sunset (2012)
* N Seoul Tower illuminated from below at night