OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Digby (died 1533)

Sir John Digby (died 1533) of Eye Kettleby, near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, was Knight Marshal for King Henry VIII.

## Origins

John was the third son of Everard Digby, Esq., MP (whose father had died at Towton, 1461) of Tilton on the Hill, Leicestershire and Jacquet, daughter of Sir John Ellys of Devonshire.

## Career

Digby was knighted by King Henry VIII for his services at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and appointed Knight Marshal for the King's household.
He was Steward of Lewes Priory, Sussex. He was High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1515 and was also Sheriff of Rutland in 1491, 1517 and 1523, as was his father before him.
In 1513 Digby accompanied Henry VIII to Calais and fought in the battle of Thérouanne.

## Family

He married Katherine, daughter of Sir Nicholas Griffin of Braybrooke, Northamptonshire. They had at least two sons and two daughters.
* William
* Simon, his heir, who married Catherine Clapham of Beamesley
* Elizabeth, married Sir Humphrey Hercy of Grove, Nottinghamshire
* Anne, married Sir William Skeffington (died 1535) of Skeffinton, Lord Deputy of Ireland
After the death of Katherine, Digby married as his second wife Sanche (née Willoughby), widow of John Strelley, on 24 October 1517.

## Death and burial

Digby died in May 1533 and was buried at St Mary's Church, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, where as well as at Frisby, Leicestershire, there is a monument to his memory.
Digby had been responsible for the construction of the clerestory of Melton Mowbray church in 1500, and the vestry located on the north side of the chancel in 1532, which is confirmed by a date stone set into the east wall.
# 1897 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

The 1897 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 11th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. The Munster final saw Cork ending Limerick's All Ireland title. Dublin were the winners.

## Statistics

* Dublin begin their first All-Ireland SFC triple and the first county ever to do it.
* Wicklow's only appearance in a Leinster SFC final.

## Roll of Honour

* Dublin - 4 (1897)
* Tipperary - 2 (1895)
* Limerick - 2 (1896)
* Cork - 1 (1890)
* Wexford - 1 (1893)
# Silicon tetraiodide

Silicon tetraiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SiI$_4$. It is a tetrahedral molecule with Si-I bond lengths of 2.432(5) Å.
SiI$_4$ is a precursor to silicon amides of the formula Si(NR$_2$)$_4$ (R = alkyl). It has also been of interest in the manufacture and etching of silicon in microelectronics.

## Synthesis and reactions

This compound is produced by treating silicon-copper mixture with iodine:
    Si + I$_2$ → SiI$_4$
It reacts quickly with water and moisture in the air.
It can also be made on a large scale by reaction of silicon or silicon carbide with iodine on heating to about 200 °C. Of more academic interest is the reaction of silane with iodine vapour at 130 - 150 °C, as this produces a series of compounds ranging from iodosilane SiH$_3$I to diiodosilane SiH$_2$I$_2$ and triiodosilane SiHI$_3$ as well. These compounds are colourless liquids at room temperature. The last one can be readily distinguished from the similar carbon compound, iodoform which is a yellow solid at room temperature.

## Comparison with other SiX$_4$ compounds

| | SiH$_4$ | SiF$_4$ | SiCl$_4$ | SiBr$_4$ | SiI$_4$ |
| b.p. (˚C) | −111.9 | −90.3 | 56.8 | 155.0 | 290.0 |
| m.p. (˚C) | −185 | −95.0 | −68.8 | 5.0 | 155.0 |
| Si-X bond length (Å) | >0.74 | 1.55 | 2.02 | 2.20 | 2.43 |
| Si-X bond energy (kJ/mol) | 384 | 582 | 391 | 310 | 234 |
# Georges Calzant

Georges Calzant (born September 24, 1897, in Saint-Martin-le-Beau, died June 28, 1962, in Issy-les-Moulineaux) was a lawyer, journalist, and royalist activist affiliated with the Action Française movement.

## Biography
### Early Life

Calzant was the son of two teachers, Ernest Calzant and Héloïse Gatien. His classmate Pierre de Cossé Brissac introduced him to the works of L'Action française during his studies at the Lycée Descartes in Tours. After completing his education, Calzant enlisted on August 2, 1914. He was awarded the Croix de guerre and suffered injuries during World War I.

### Early Career at Action Française

After the war, Calzant earned a law degree and an advanced economics diploma from the École libre des sciences politiques. He joined the bar in 1921 and became involved with the Fédération nationale des étudiants d'Action française, serving as its secretary in 1924.

### Interwar Activities

During the Scelle Affair in 1925, Calzant led student protests against international law professor Georges Scelle, culminating in Scelle's resignation on April 11, 1925. Calzant also disrupted socialist and pacifist gatherings, leading to notable altercations.
In the 1930s, Calzant became a prominent Action Française leader, collaborating on legal cases and managing campaigns. He was secretary general of the Fédération nationale des Camelots du roi from 1932 to 1936.
Despite his active role, Calzant was criticized for his leadership style and perceived ineffectiveness. Dissatisfaction among members was formalized in a memorandum submitted in 1935.

### World War II and Occupation

During the Occupation of France, Calzant relocated to Lyon with Charles Maurras, where they supported the Vichy regime through publications. He reportedly served as an intermediary between Maurras and Marshal Philippe Pétain, conveying criticism of Pierre Laval and Nazi policies. In 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned at Montluc Prison until July.

### Postwar Activities

With the dissolution of L'Action française post-Liberation, Calzant founded Aspects de la France in 1947 to uphold Maurrassism and monarchist ideals. He also launched the Cahiers Charles Maurras, a quarterly review he directed for 15 years.
Calzant died on June 28, 1962, at a surgical clinic in Issy-les-Moulineaux.

## Personal Life

Calzant married painter Marguerite Lemoine on October 16, 1929.

## Honors

* Croix de guerre 1914-1918

## Archives

Personal papers are preserved at the Archives Nationales in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine under code 596AP. View the inventory
# Beyond the Years

Beyond the Years (Korean: 천년학; RR: Cheonnyeonhak) is a 2007 South Korean drama film. Celebrating director Im Kwon-taek's 100th film, it is based on the short fiction "The Wanderer of Seonhak-dong" by Yi Cheong-jun, and was presented at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival. Despite being an informal sequel to Im's phenomenally successful Sopyonje (1993), Beyond the Years was not popular with Korean audiences.

## Synopsis

Dong-ho and Song-hwa are separately adopted by Yu-bong (Im Jin-taek), a nomadic singer, and grow up as siblings. Dong-ho falls in love with Song-hwa, but he suffers from the fact that he has to call her sister and constantly fight with Yu-bong's obsession to make her a great singer. Eventually, Dong-ho leaves home. However, with his unchanging affection for Song-hwa, he keeps following traces of his love while refining his drumming skills in order to match well with her singing. This is the heart-touching love story of Song-hwa, who devotes her life and love to her talent for Pansori (a traditional Korean form of narrative song), and Dong-ho, who has devoted his life to loving her.

## Cast

* Cho Jae-hyun
* Oh Jung-hae
* Ryu Seung-ryong
* Oh Seung-eun
* Im Jin-taek
* Jang Min-ho
* Go Soo-hee
# KTUZ-FM

KTUZ-FM (106.7 FM, "La Z") is a Regional Mexican radio station serving the Oklahoma City Metroplex area and is owned by Tyler Media Group. Tyler Media also owns KTUZ-TV (channel 30), for which the television station was given the radio station's callsign. The station's studios are located in Northeast Oklahoma City and a transmitter site is located in unincorporated Canadian County.

## History

The station began broadcasting in 1968 as KWOE-FM and adopted a country format. It changed calls in 1981 to KKCC-FM and again in June 1990 to KSWR. The station flipped to an oldies format in September 1996 and changed its call letters to KCLI-FM. In late 2000, it moved to Okarche, Oklahoma, in order to serve the Oklahoma City market and adopted the call letters KTUZ-FM. During this time changed to a Regional Mexican format. On May 30, 2018, KTUZ-FM Tower collapsed after a crop duster struck the tower and killing the pilot on board the aircraft. Tyler Media has plans to get KTUZ-FM back on for an auxiliary site while the NTSB and the FAA investigate the plane crash.
# Habibitch

Habibitch, whose real name is Lissia Benoufella, is a non-binary artist, voguing and waacking dancer of Franco-Algerian origins, formerly known as Ari de B. As a queer feminist decolonial activist, they transform dance floors into political spaces.

## Biography
### Early life

Lissia Benoufella was born in the 1980s, in Algiers, Algeria. When they were four years old, their family of Kabyle origins, settled in France to flee the civil war that was raging in their country of origin. They remember the material distress of their parents upon their arrival, who both became teachers.

### Studies

They grew up in Vendée, and since their childhood, dreamt of becoming a dancer. After completing their first level of undergraduate studies with a specialization in humanities (known in the French education system as classes préparatoires littéraires), they then earned a double degree in history and Spanish (equivalent to a bachelor's degree with a double major) as well as completing a master's degree in gender studies at Sciences Po Toulouse (class of 2011).

### Artistic career

Habibtich discovered voguing in 2011 during a trip to San Francisco with their partner at the time. There, they worked for an LGBTQ film festival where the film Paris is Burning, directed by Jennie Livingston, was screened. Watching this film, has thus, sparked a real « epiphany » in them.
In 2013, Habibitch auditioned for a professional hip hop dance school, which then admitted her into the school. Already involved in activism, they then lived as a squatter and got more involved in the queer, feminist, and anarchist milieu as an intersectional activist. Later, they joined the Paris Ballroom scene and community where they met Kiddy Smile, who took an interest in them and allowed them to join the House of Mizhani in 2015.
In 2017, they organized their first dance conference, that they called Decolonize the Dancefloor which they then adapted depending on the events and places they participate and intervene in, following an approach that prioritizes the «application of all of their intersectional and decolonial practices in dance».
Simultaneously, Habibitch conducts workshops and animates conferences. They are also the godmother of House of Gorgeous Gucci in Paris, and provide initiation classes of waacking in the Parc de la Villette, in Paris.
# Robert de Ashton

Sir Robert de Ashton (died 1385), also called Robert Assheton or Robert de Assheton, was a civil, military, and naval officer under Edward III of England who achieved distinction alike in court and camp, both by land and by sea.

## Family

Ashton was of the great northern family of Ashton or Assheton, of Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire.
Robert was also twice-married. By his first wife, Elizabeth de Gorges, Heiress of Tothill, he left a son, Thomas, and a daughter, Eleanor. His second wife was the widow of Lord Matthew de Gomey, and after Ashton's death she married the knight Sir John Tiptoft. She died in 1417.

## Career

Sir Robert is first mentioned in 1324 as a member of the parliament of Westminster, and afterwards as occupying positions of great importance and trust. In 1359, he was governor of 'Guynes' near Calais; in 1362 he was Lord Treasurer of England; in 1368 he had custody of the castle of Sandgate near Calais with the lands and revenue thereto belonging; in 1369 he was admiral of the Narrow Seas; in 1372 he was Justiciar of Ireland, and in 1373 he was again Lord Treasurer of England and King's Chamberlain. In 1375, he became Chancellor of the Exchequer and held that office until the death of Edward III in 1377, when he was succeeded by Simon de Burley. From 1376 to 1381, Ashton was Constable of Portchester Castle, which he reinforced by building "Ashton's tower".
The new king did not discard his father's old servant, and in 1380 Ashton was appointed constable of Dover and warden of the Cinque Ports. He died at Dover Castle on 9 January 1385, and was buried in the church there, to which he had previously presented a large bell.
# Tomorrow University

Tomorrow University of Applied Sciences (or simply Tomorrow University), is a Germany’s accredited remote-only university, specializing in sustainability and technological innovation. It offers fully online bachelor’s, master’s, and MBA programs focused on impact-driven careers in business, AI, leadership, and sustainable technologies.

## History

Tomorrow University founded in 2021 by Christian Rebernik and Thomas Funke. As a state-recognized private university in Germany, it operates under the supervision of the Hessian Ministry of Science and Art (HMWK).
Its programs align with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and benefit from collaborations with academic institutions such as WU Executive Academy at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and the Fraunhofer Society, as well as corporate partners like Plan A, DPD, and Eintracht Frankfurt. In 2024, Tomorrow University ranked 1st in Germany and 25th globally in the Leadership category of the World University Rankings for Innovation (WURI).
# Carndonagh stones

The Carndonagh stones are a set of five sculpted stones in the town of Carndonagh, County Donegal. All five stones are on the grounds of Donagh Church. The group consists of one free-standing high cross with two smaller, attendant pillars; a free-standing pillar known as the "Marigold Stone"; and a decorated door lintel. The pieces apart from the lintel are thought, on the basis of their stylistic similarity, to be roughly contemporaneous. These stones are generally now dated between the 9th and 10th century, though a minority date them to the 7th century on the basis of stylistic comparisons with the Book of Durrow.$^{:167–169}$
The north pillar has a carving of a seated harpist and a outline of a warrior. The south pillar has a figure similar to the Janus (two headed) figure found on Boa Island. The Marigold Stone in the nearby graveyard is 5.5 feet high and 1.4 feet wide and is dated to around to the year 600. The name comes from the seven petalled flower on its west side. The east side shows Christ with arms outstretched and a tripartite knot at its base.
French scholar Françoise Henry (who dated the stone to the 7th century) made the Carndonagh high cross famous by citing it prominently in her theory of the origin of Insular high crosses.$^{:169}$ She believed that high crosses gradually emerged from carved slabs (such as the St Mura Cross at Fahan) and that the Carndonagh high cross "marks the final victory in the attempt to free the cross from the slab".$^{:128}$ This theory gained few supporters, with later archaeological evidence substantially refuting it.$^{:169}$ Scottish archaeologist Robert B. K. Stevenson sharply criticised her interpretation of the Carndonagh stones.
# Doug Williams (musician)

Douglas LeAllen Williams (born September 3, 1956) is an American singer and songwriter. He started his solo music career, in 1995, with the release of gospel album, Heartsongs, that was released by Blackberry Records. The album got him a Grammy Award nomination at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards for the Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album. His second album, When Mercy Found Me, was released in 2003, with the backing of Blackberry Records releasing the project. His third album, Good Graces, was released in 2005 by Orchard Records. The first two of these album charted on the Billboard Gospel Albums chart.

## Early life

Williams was born on September 3, 1956, in Smithdale, Mississippi, as Douglas LeAllen Williams, the son of Leon "Pop" Williams (1908/1909 – 1989), he died in a car accident, and Amanda "Mom" Williams (b:1919 – D:August 30, 2014), she died at the age of 94. He is the youngest sibling and younger brother of Melvin Williams, and the late Franklin Delano Williams.

## Music career

He is one part of The Williams Brothers, that was founded in 1960 by his father. He started his solo music career in 1995, with the release of Heartsongs by Blackberry Records, which charted at No. 16 on the Billboard Gospel Albums chart. This album got him a Grammy Award nomination in the Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album category at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards. His second album, 2003's When Mercy Found Me, was released by Blackberry Records on January 21, 2003, and this would chart on the Gospel Albums chart at No. 28. Trevor Kirk, indicating in a seven out of ten review by Cross Rhythms, realizes, it is "Very enjoyable." The third album came out on October 25, 2005, by Orchard Records, Good Graces, and this failed to chart. Doug continues to live in Mississippi, where he serves as President & chief executive officer of Blackberry Records, Inc., the Williams Brothers’ record label in McComb, Miss.

## Discography

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US Gos |
| Heartsongs | Released: 1995 Label: Blackberry CD, digital download | 16 |
| When Mercy Found Me | Released: January 21, 2003 Label: Blackberry CD, digital download | 28 |
| Good Graces | Released: October 25, 2005 Label: Orchard CD, digital download | – |
| Crossover | Released: May 6, 2016 Label: Blackberry CD, digital download | 11 |
# Werndl–Holub rifle

The M1867 Werndl–Holub was a single-shot breechloading rifle adopted by the Austro-Hungarian army on 28 July 1867. It replaced the Wänzl breechloader conversion of the muzzle-loading Lorenz rifle. Josef Werndl (1831–1889) and Karel Holub (1830–1903) designed and patented their rifle; Werndl later bought out all the rights, but was involved in name only.
ÖWG (Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft) produced the Werndl and chambered it for the 11mm scharfe Patrone M.67 (11.15×42mmR) cartridge. In 1877, the military rechambered the Werndl for the bottleneck 11mm scharfe Patrone M.77 (11.15×58mmR) cartridge.

## Production

In 1867, the army ordered 611,000 of the new rifles. The first batch of 100,000 rifles cost 5 million florins, or 50 florins per rifle. The army received 14 million florins in funding to acquire Werndl rifles and ammunition in 1868. The budget was then cut to just 1 million in 1869. As a result, by November 1870, only 316,650 Werndl breechloaders had been produced and the army still needed an additional 302,810 rifles to fulfill the needs of the regular troops, without taking into account the demands of the Imperial-Royal Landwehr and the Royal Hungarian Honvéd. In February 1873, the war minister Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld stated a need for 370,000 more Werndl rifles for the army.

## Use

In spite of the Werndl being long obsolete by World War I, the Austro-Hungarian forces issued Werndl rifles to rear-echelon units to free up more modern rifles for use by front-line troops.

## Users

* Afghanistan
* Principality of Albania
* Austria-Hungary
* Argentina (limited use)
* Czechoslovakia
* Ethiopian Empire
* Montenegro
* Persia
* Polish Legions in World War I
* Poland
* Ukrainian Sich Riflemen
* Kingdom of Yugoslavia
* Luxembourg

## Conflicts

* Paraguayan War (Limited)
* Krivošije uprising 1869
* Herzegovina uprising 1875–1877
* Montenegrin–Ottoman War 1876–78
* Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
* Battles for Plav and Gusinje 1879-1880
* Argentine Civil War 1880
* Kurdish uprising 1880-1881
* Herzegovina uprising 1882
* First Italo-Ethiopian War 1894-1896
* First Balkan War 1912-1913
* Second Balkan War 1913
* World War I (limited)
* Ukrainian War of Independence 1917-1921 (limited)
* Retaking of Czech Borderland 1918-1919 (limited)
* Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia 1918-1919 (limited)
* Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 1918-1920 (limited)
* Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 1918-1919 (limited)
* Polish–Ukrainian War 1918-1919 (limited)
* Silesian Uprisings 1919-1921
* Polish–Czechoslovak War 1919 (limited)
* Polish–Soviet War 1919-1921 (limited)
# Harry C. Butcher

Harry Cecil Butcher (November 1, 1901 – April 20, 1985) was an American radio broadcaster who served during World War II as the Naval Aide to General Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1942 to 1945.

## Early life

Harry C. Butcher was born in Springville, Iowa on November 1, 1901. Following his graduation from Iowa State College, in 1929 Butcher began a career in radio broadcasting. He opened the Washington, D.C. office of CBS and served as its director until 1932. Beginning in 1932, he was the manager, and later vice-president, of the CBS Radio Network's station in Washington, D.C. station WJSV. While there, Butcher coined a term for President Franklin Roosevelt's radio speeches to the American public, used by Robert Trout introducing the president's address on March 12, 1933, and again by Butcher written in a press release, referring to the May 7, 1933 address as a "fireside chat".

## Military career

During his tenure at WJSV, Butcher was commissioned a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy Reserve (U.S.N.R.) on September 16, 1939. From 1942 to 1945, Butcher served as the Naval Aide to General Dwight D. Eisenhower. On May 1, 1943, Butcher was promoted to the rank of commander in the U.S.N.R. On November 1, 1944 he was promoted to the temporary rank of captain. Following an order given to him by Eisenhower, Butcher kept a diary of his and Eisenhower's wartime activities. The diary would come to be published in 1946 under the title "My Three Years with Eisenhower." It also led to historian Max Hastings referring to him as "the embodiment of all gossip-ridden staff officers".
It was Butcher who preserved the written statement that Eisenhower had prepared in the event that the D-Day invasions failed.

## Later life

Butcher returned to the broadcasting world following the end of WWII. From 1946 to the 1970s, Butcher owned the radio station KIST in Santa Barbara, California. He also served as president of Santa Barbara's cable TV corporation and as a radio/television consultant.

## Personal life

Butcher was the father of Beverly Byron (July 27, 1932 – February 9, 2025), a U.S. Congresswoman who represented the 6th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1979, to January 3, 1993.
On April 20, 1985, Butcher died in Santa Barbara, California, United States.