OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Stephenson (musician)

Edward "Ed" Stephenson (Eduardo de Rosamaria)(Edvard Stefanyshyn) (born 12 August 1976 in Toronto, Canada) is a classical/nuevo flamenco guitarist who has toured throughout North America since he was sixteen. He is also the founder of the Paco Band, the North Carolina Guitar Quartet, and the Stephenson Guitar Quartet.

## Life and career
### Early years

Ed was the son of Edward Peter Stephenson, who passed when he was nine years of age. His mother, Rosemarie raised him and his sister Darlene until she remarried to Robert Grinton when Ed was thirteen. In his early teens, Ed won the Canadian Music Competition and the Kiwanis Music Competition. His early studies were with Ivan Maracle in Toronto, Canada who prepared Ed for his audition for Aaron Shearer at the Peabody Conservatory. Ed started his collegiate studies at the Peabody Conservatory, in Baltimore, Maryland, as an undergraduate student. Later, he relocated to North Carolina to complete his degree at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts under the direction of Aaron Shearer.
He performed at the grand opening of the Roger L. Stevens Center in Winston-Salem under the direction of Leonard Bernstein, with Isaac Stern as the soloist, and Gregory Peck as the master of ceremonies. Guests in attendance included Agnes de Mille, Cliff Robertson, Governor James Hunt, President and Mrs. Gerald Ford and Lady Bird Johnson.
He has performed with the North Carolina Symphony, the Raleigh Symphony, the North Carolina Theater, North Carolina Bach Festival, and the Raleigh Ringers.
http://cvnc.org/article.cfm?articleId=5411
He has a cameo appearance on the reality TV show Lizard Lick Towing in 2014.
He has held faculty positions at Meredith College in Raleigh, North Carolina Methodist University in Fayetteville, North Carolina and University of Mount Olive in Mount Olive, North Carolina.

## Discography

Ed Stephenson's recent recording, Esencia, is craftily blended to deliver a new dimension of Nuevo flamenco music. It includes six ensemble tracks with Inos Flamenca and four solo tracks. Roger Cope of The Classical Voice of North Carolina praised the album saying, "The ensemble is tight with rhythmically biting and often infectious enthusiasm...The solos are duende-imbued renditions of standard classical guitar repertoire that are surprisingly effective and that refresh their signature elements."
* KYPOYKA - Ukrainian Children's Songs and Stories
* Winter Branches - North Carolina Guitar quartet(Liscio Recordings) (1997)
* "INO" Live - Ed Stephenson and the Paco band (2008)
* Vivaldi Concerto in D major - Ed Stephenson (2009)
* Esencia - Ed Stephenson and the Paco band (Liscio Recordings) (2011)
* A Paco Band Christmas - Ed Stephenson and the Paco band (2014)
* Rosamaria - Ed Stephenson and the Paco band (2015)
# The Dale Jr. Download

The Dale Jr. Download is a free audio and video podcast hosted by American motorsports analyst and semi-retired stock car racing driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. It was formerly co-hosted by Mike Davis, JR Motorsports' Director of Communications, who has been a business partner of Earnhardt's since 2003.

## History

The podcast was launched in 2013 when Earnhardt and his NASCAR Xfinity Series race team JR Motorsports started an online network called Dirty Mo Radio. The "Mo" is an homage to Earnhardt's hometown of Mooresville, North Carolina. Originally, the podcast was hosted by Davis and North Carolina radio personality Taylor Zarzour, with Earnhardt himself only occasionally making appearances on the show.
Earnhardt's first appearance came on the show's 22nd episode, five months into the podcast's launch. A segment was added to the show in 2014 that played audio Earnhardt had pre-recorded remotely in the immediate hours after a race. His involvement increased once again in 2016 while he was recovering from concussion symptoms, appearing on the show regularly to give updates on his recovery. In 2017, Earnhardt took over as the show's regular host along with Tyler Overstreet. Overstreet served as Earnhardt's road manager until the end of the 2017 season when he moved to Joe Gibbs Racing.
After Overstreet's departure from JR Motorsports, Davis returned to co-host the show and has been Earnhardt's regular co-host since 2018. In 2019, interviews with guests became a regular part of the podcast. Guests on Earnhardt's podcast have included Earnhardt's nephew and Xfinity Series driver Jeffrey Earnhardt, former NASCAR president and current NASCAR vice chairman Mike Helton, current NASCAR president Steve Phelps, Earnhardt's former car owner Rick Hendrick, NHRA champion John Force, 2019 Indianapolis 500 winner Simon Pagenaud, and WWE Hall of Famer Stone Cold Steve Austin.
Davis co-hosted his last show on November 9, 2023.

### Television show

In late 2017, NASCAR on NBC announced plans to give Earnhardt his own television show as he joined the network's motorsports coverage. NBC chose to simulcast parts of Earnhardt's podcast, and The Dale Jr. Download debuted on NBCSN as a half-hour television show on June 21. The show expanded to one hour in 2019, formally called NASCAR America Presents The Dale Jr. Download. When NBCSN shut down, the show moved to NBC's Peacock streaming service in 2022.
In 2024, Earnhardt revealed that his contract with NBC Sports expired following the 2023 season, meaning the video version of the podcast would now be uploaded to Dirty Mo Media's YouTube channel rather than streaming on Peacock. Earnhardt eventually moved to TNT Sports and Amazon Prime Video, who will begin broadcasting the NASCAR Cup Series in 2025.
# Hilary du Cros

Hillary du Cros is an Australian archaeologist and cultural tourism teacher who has worked in Hong Kong, Macau, Canada, Britain and Australia. She is currently Associate Professor, Hong Kong Institute of Education, teaching in the area of Cultural Tourism in the Department of Cultural and Creative Arts. She has made significant contributions to the challenge of developing cultural heritage sites, including in various journals and full-length books.

## Education

She completed a Phd at Monash University in 1996 on the topic Committing archaeology in Australia, which was published as Much More than Stones & Bones: Australian Archaeology in the Late Twentieth Century in 2002. Du Cros had begun her higher education in Australia, earning a BA from the University of Sydney.

## Career

du Cros worked as an archaeologist and cultural heritage consultant from 1984 to 1998, operating her own consultancy firm from 1991-8, 'du Cros & Associates' in Melbourne, Australia. In 1998 she sold her consulting business to Biosis Research and moved to Hong Kong, teaching .
She was appointed Senior Research Coordinator for the UNESCO Observatory for Research in Local Cultures and Creativity in Education from 2011-2015 and has published in Annals of Tourism Research, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Historic Environment, and the Journal of Heritage Tourism, as well as a number of books. Du Cros was an Honorary Research Associate at the University of New Brunswick Canada from 2010, and a Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham in 2013. She was Director of Asiatic Cultural Management in 2017 and the 2018 E.G. Whitlam Research Fellow at Western Sydney University studying national policy on indigenous places. She has been a Project Officer and Associate at Aboriginal Affairs NSW from 2024.

## Publications

du Cros has produced over a hundred publications including several books, as well as book chapters, journal articles, conference papers and over 250 consultants reports.
* Much More than Stones & Bones: Australian Archaeology in the Late Twentieth Century, Melbourne University Press. 2002 ISBN 9780522850208
* Cultural tourism : the partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, with Bob McKercher, Routledge, 2002
* Cultural Heritage Management in China: Preserving the Cities of the Pearl River Delta, with Yok-shiu F. Lee, UK: Routledge, 2007, ISBN 9780415397193, 0415397197
* World Heritage-Themed Souvenirs for Asian Tourists: A case study from Macau. In Cave, J. (ed.) Tourism and Souvenirs: Global Perspectives from the Margins. London, Channel View Publications:176-189. 2013.
* The Arts and Events (with Lee Jolliffe) 2014
* Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management (with Bob McKercher) Routledge, 2002 [Google Books]
# Escarpment

An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.
Due to the similarity, the term scarp may mistakenly be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment. escarpment referring to the margin between two landforms, and scarp referring to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage an escarpment is a ridge which has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.
More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau which shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.

## Formation and description

Scarps are generally formed by one of two processes: either by differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by movement of the Earth's crust at a geologic fault. The first process is the more common type: the escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This can occur in dip-slip faults, or when a strike-slip fault brings a piece of high ground adjacent to an area of lower ground.
Earth is not the only planet where escarpments occur. They are believed to occur on other planets when the crust contracts, as a result of cooling. On other Solar System bodies such as Mercury, Mars, and the Moon, the Latin term rupes is used for an escarpment.

## Erosion

When sedimentary beds are tilted and exposed to the surface, erosion and weathering may occur. Escarpments erode gradually and over geological time. The mélange tendencies of escarpments results in varying contacts between a multitude of rock types. These different rock types weather at different speeds, according to Goldich dissolution series so different stages of deformation can often be seen in the layers where the escarpments have been exposed to the elements.
# Miguel Ángel Rodríguez (race walker)

Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Gallegos (born 5 January 1967 in Chihuahua) is a Mexican race walker.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Mexico |||||
| 1989 | World Race Walking Cup | L'Hospitalet, Spain | 17th | 50 km |
| 1991 | Pan American Games | Havana, Cuba | 2nd | 50 km |
| 1991 | World Race Walking Cup | San Jose, United States | 7th | 50 km |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 8th | 50 km |
| 1993 | World Race Walking Cup | Monterrey, Mexico | 4th | 50 km |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | DSQ | 50 km |
| 1995 | Pan American Games | Mar del Plata, Argentina | 2nd | 50 km |
| 1995 | World Race Walking Cup | Beijing, China | 5th | 50 km |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 4th | 50 km |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | DSQ | 20 km |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 3rd | 50 km |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | DNF | 50 km |
| 2000 | Pan American Race Walking Cup | Poza Rica, Mexico | 1st | 50 km |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 7th | 50 km |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 24th | 50 km |
# Mordella purpurascens

Mordella purpurascens is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was described in 1914.
# Noriaki Fukuyama

Noriaki Fukuyama (福山 伯明, Fukuyama Noriaki, 1912 – 1946) was a Japanese botanist and orchidologist. He died in Taiwan.
During his short life, Dr. Fukuyama described over a hundred new species of orchids from Micronesia, the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Most of the type specimens he collected were housed in his personal herbarium (Herb. Orch. Fuk.), located in Taiwan, and were previously believed to have been lost amid the upheaval in Japan following the close of World War II. However, most of Fukuyama's type materials of Taiwan orchids were rediscovered, in the course of sifting through the botanical collection of one Dr. Genkei Masamune, which Masamune had bequeathed to the herbarium of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History upon his death in 1993. Although it is not entirely clear as to why he had them, it is known that Fukuyama had been Masamune's pupil.
Among the materials found were Fukuyama's original manuscripts of Studia Orchidacearum Japonicarum, Vols. XI thru XIII.
Suffering from cancer, and plagued by local unrest in Taiwan against the Japanese, he was killed by locals in a nearby village during a local uprising against Japanese citizens living in Taiwan.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 "Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History". Digital Archives Project. National Taiwan University Herbarium. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
* ↑ International Plant Names Index. Fukuy.
* This article about a Japanese botanist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sam and Colby

Sam and Colby are an American YouTuber duo, consisting of Sam Golbach (born November 27, 1996) and Colby Brock (born January 2, 1997). They are best known for their paranormal investigations.
After initially gaining prominence on Vine as teenagers in the mid-2010s with comedic videos, they started uploading videos onto YouTube after the former became defunct. As of October 2024, they have over 20 million subscribers.

## Notable works

* In 2019, they released their web series, Stranded with Sam and Colby.
* In 2023, they debuted their feature film, Sam and Colby: A Week at The Conjuring House.
* In 2024, they released their second movie, Sam and Colby: The Legends of The Paranormal.
# Cormac Ó Domhnalláin

Cormac Ó Domhnalláin, Ollamh Síol Muireadaigh, died 1436.
The Annals of Connacht state:
1436:Cormac O Domnallain, ollav of the Sil Murray in Poetry, died.

## Sources

* The Encyclopaedia of Ireland 2003; ISBN 0-7171-3000-2.
* Mac Dermot of Moylurg: The Story of a Connacht Family Dermot Mac Dermot, 1996.
* A New History of Ireland VIII: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976 - A Companion to Irish History Part I edited by T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin and F.J. Byrne, 1982. ISBN 0-19-821744-7
* The Celebrated Antiquary Nollaig O Muralie, Maynooth, 1996.
* Irish Leaders and Learning Through the Ages Fr. Paul Walsh, 2004. (ed. Nollaig O Muralie).
# Haddington RFC

Haddington Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team based in Haddington, East Lothian.

## History

Founded in 1911, the team plays its home games at Neilson Park.
Haddington player Jock Wemyss founded the Co-optimists; following a Barbarians inspired match in Haddington in 1924.
They compete in BT National League Division 3, the 3rd tier of Scottish club rugby.

## Player development

The minis section was set up almost 50 years ago by Bill Hamilton.
The minis and the School of Rugby with Knox Academy are key to the ongoing success serving as nursery for players. Haddington currently have over 100 kids in each; and the club are delighted that they recently managed to play a couple of girls matches as they seek to develop a woman's team.
There is a tradition of families serving the Club, with many sets of brothers, fathers sons and grandsons turning out.

### World record

On 12 August 2018, the club set a world record of 467 for the most participants in a touch/mini/tag game of rugby, ratified by Guinness World Records. In the game, players from age 5 to 73 turned out, including 18 from the Snodgrass Family, covering three generations a former president and two former captains.

## Haddington Sevens

The club ran the Haddington Sevens tournament. Dating from 1926, the club claims it is the 10th oldest surviving in the world.

## Notable players

Five of the club's players have represented Scotland at full international level: Jock Wemyss, RJC Ronnie Glasgow, Derek White, Grant McKelvey and Cammy Murray. Wemyss at 17 was one of the five founding members. The Internationalists were honoured in a lunch in 2017, with tributes paid amongst others by Finlay Calder, Dave Rollo, Craig Chalmers, Barry Stewart and, for Wemyss the President of the Barbarians Mickey Steele Bodger.
White toured with the 1989 Lions and Glasgow. He played for the World XV in 1964.

## Honours
### Men

* Haddington Sevens
** Champions (8): 1933, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1969, 1970
* Scottish National League Division Two
** Champions (1): 2006-07
* Glasgow City Sevens
** Champions (4): 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958
* Peebles Sevens
** Champions (2): 1977, 1982
* Walkerburn Sevens
** Champions (6): 1976, 1978, 1980, 2004, 2006, 2017, 2023
* Musselburgh Sevens
** Champions (8): 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1991
* Royal HSFP Sevens
** Champions (1): 1985
* Preston Lodge Sevens
** Champions (1): 1987
* Penicuik Sevens
** Champions (2): 1969, 1985
* Edinburgh District Sevens
** Champions (1): 1951
* North Berwick Sevens
** Champions (4): 1970, 1971, 1977, 2014

### Women

* Lismore Sevens
** Champions (1): 1995
# Kessler v. Treat

Kessler v. Treat, 205 U.S. 33 (1907), was a decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States adjudicated allegations that prisoners were unlawfully imprisoned by Morgan Treat, the United States Marshall for the Eastern District of Virginia. In a one-sentence opinion written by Chief Justice Melville Fuller, the Court identified ten cases for which the Court entered the same decree as the one issued in Tinsley v. Treat. Justice John Marshall Harlan dissented without writing a separate opinion.

## Cases for which decrees were entered

The Court entered decrees for the following cases:
* William De. C. Kessler v. Morgan Treat, United States Marshal, el al.
* Samuel T. Morgan v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Austin B. Carpenter v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Fortesque Whittle v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Frank E. Wilcox v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* George Braden v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Frank S. Royster v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* J. Rice Smith v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Charles F. Burroughs v. Morgan Treat, etc.
* Charles H. McDowell v. Morgan Treat, etc.
# Tame topology

In mathematics, a tame topology is a hypothetical topology proposed by Alexander Grothendieck in his research program Esquisse d’un programme under the French name topologie modérée (moderate topology). It is a topology in which the theory of dévissage can be applied to stratified structures such as semialgebraic or semianalytic sets, and which excludes some pathological spaces that do not correspond to intuitive notions of spaces.
Some authors consider an o-minimal structure to be a candidate for realizing tame topology in the real case. There are also some other suggestions.
# Attract-kill pattern

An attract-kill pattern is essentially a biological interaction between plant roots and pathogens where plants entice pathogens towards their roots, to ultimately neutralize them. This has been seen to have an important role in the suppression of diseases such as Phytophthora in intercropping systems.
An example of this process can be seen in recent research from Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China where they indicated that maize roots attracted the zoospores of Phytophthora capsici and inhibited their motility while also causing cystospores lysis. The phenomenon has been found in various interactions between roots of non-host plant and Phytophthora.

## Mechanism

The attract- kill pattern entails plants having to rely on chemical signals or pheromone's to lure pathogens towards their roots. Following the arrival of a given pathogen plants either immobilize or lyse the incoming pathogen to prevent their ability to infect a given host plant. Maize roots for example attract zoospores of Phytophthora capsici and inhibited their motility to prevent the infection of host plant species

### Pest management

Reducing the amount of pesticides used in the environment is the major motivation for uncovering the successfulness of methods such as attract-kill. The attract-kill method is used in pest management and eradication of invasive species. This method combines sex pheromone and a killing agent such as a pathogen or insecticide to lure large numbers of pests to a specific area to ultimately eradicate them. Attracts used to lure and then kill pests are commonly either crude baits or synthetic semiochemicals. This method is highly effective in controlling small, low-density, isolated populations. Thus, it is compelling for long-term pest management.
# AT&T Pogo

AT&T Pogo was a Mozilla Firefox based web browser developed by AT&T and Vizible. A private beta was released to a limited number of users, but the project was terminated when Vizible sold its intellectual property to Open Text.

## Features

Features that were present in the private beta release included:
* Ability to create multiple home pages.
* Visual tab pages displaying a thumbnail for each open page.
* Visual method for managing Internet bookmarks.
* Visual method for viewing and managing internet history.
* Search feature for finding bookmarks and history items.
# Bertha Katscher

Bertha Katscher (also spelled, Berta; pseudonyms: Ludwig Ungar, Albert Kellner, Ludwig Kölle, Ludmilla Kölle; 12 June 1860 – 16 September 1903) was an Austrian Empire-born Hungarian writer.

## Biography

Katscher was born at Trencín, Slovakia, June 12, 1860, to an affluent Jewish family. She was educated by her aunt, by whom she was taken to Herzegovina, where in 1881 she was married to her cousin, Leopold Katscher, the writer and peace activist. Up to this time she had been occupied mostly with household affairs, but at the wish of her husband, she embarked on a literary career. Her first attempts were fairy-tales for children, but she soon turned her efforts to the advocacy of universal peace and various economic reforms. She wrote also against cruelty to animals. She contributed articles on a great variety of subjects to the “Frankfurter Zeitung,” the “Wiener Mode,” “Die Heimat,” “Münchener Allgemeine Zeitung,” “Kölnische Zeitung,” “Prochaska's Monatsbände,” etc. Her first work in book form was “Die Kunst ein Mensch zu Sein,” written in 1887 with Edward John Hardy. Her other works included: “Weinachtsgeschichte” (1890); “Aus Bädern und Sommerfrischen” (1890); “Hermann Vámbérys Leben und Reiseabenteuer” (1892); “Soldatenkinder,” a romance of universal peace (1897); “Die Studentin" (1900); and “Der Stychoos” (1901). She also translated English literature into German, such as the novels by Hardy, Donnelly, Boyesen, Meadows, Stevenson, and Buckley.
Katscher had been operated upon twice for cancer of the right breast. Shortly after the second operation, she consulted, for blindness of the left eye, Dr. Wilhelm Goldzieher, of Budapest, who sent her to Dr. Adamkiewicz with a diagnosis of cancerous infiltration of the choroid and partial detachment of the retina. This diagnosis was confirmed by Dr. Sachs, assistant in the ophthalmological clinic of the University of Vienna. Sachs also followed up his ophthalmoscopic examinations during the treatment by cancroine, and certified to actual resorption of a cancerous process and restoration of vision to two thirds of normal. The conditions in the breast cicatrix were also improved.
The feminist and pacifist, Rosika Schwimmer, was her niece. Rosika Schwimmer's mother was also named Berta, but she was the sister of Leopold and this Berta Katscher was the wife of Leopold. Katscher died in Budapest in 1903.