# Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on Chinese citizens who are also permanent residents of Macau.
As of 2025, Macao Special Administrative Region passport holders have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 148 countries and territories, ranking the passport 31st in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

## Greater China including Taiwan

| Jurisdiction | Visa requirement | Notes |
| China (Mainland) | With Home Return Permit (Freedom of movement) | Holders of Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents are able to freely enter Mainland China for all purposes within the validity of their travel document. Most permits for adults are valid for 10 years; minors under 18 years old are issued permits valid for five years. Not required if holding an MSAR Passport for transit through Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou within 24 hours without leaving the sterile area of the airports. |
| Hong Kong | Visa not required | Visa free for a period of 180 days for holders of Macau Permanent Resident Identity Cards. Visa free for 7 days for passengers in transit to a third country holding MSAR passports. |
| Taiwan | Entry permit on arrival or Online entry permit | Entry Permit on arrival for NT$300. Free online registration prior to arrival is also available. Applicable to those who were born in Hong Kong or Macau, or those who have previously entered Taiwan at least once as a permanent resident of Macau. Not applicable to MSAR passport holders with nationality or citizenship of another country. Permit not required for transiting through Taoyuan Airport without leaving the sterile area within 24 hours. |

## Visa requirements

| Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
| Afghanistan | Visa required | | |
| Albania | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Algeria | Visa required | | |
| Andorra | Visa not required | | |
| Angola | Visa required | | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Argentina | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Armenia | Visa not required | 180 days | 180 days in a year. |
| Australia | Visa required | | May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa). |
| Austria | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Azerbaijan | eVisa | 30 days | |
| Bahamas | eVisa | 3 months | |
| Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 2 weeks | |
| Bangladesh | Visa required | | |
| Barbados | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Belarus | Visa not required | 30 days | For a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 1 calendar year. |
| Belgium | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Belize | Visa required | | |
| Benin | eVisa | 30 days | Must have an international vaccination certificate. |
| Bhutan | eVisa | | |
| Bolivia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 6-month period. |
| Botswana | eVisa | 3 months | |
| Brazil | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Brunei | Visa not required | 14 days | |
| Bulgaria | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Burkina Faso | eVisa | | |
| Burundi | Visa on arrival | 1 month | |
| Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Cameroon | eVisa | | |
| Canada | Visa required | | Macau citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with multiple-entry combination visitor visas (Generally, the validity period is until the passport expiration date, and the maximum period is 10 years), and each entry can stay for a maximum of 6 months (the period of stay is subject to the border immigration officer). |
| Cape Verde | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Central African Republic | Visa required | | |
| Chad | Visa required | | |
| Chile | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Mainland China | Home Return Permit travel (Freedom of movement) | Until permit expiry | Holders of Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents are able to freely enter mainland China for all purposes within the validity of their travel document. Most permits for adults are valid for 10 years; minors under 18 years old are issued permits valid for five years. Entry to Mainland China cannot be on a Macau SAR passport. However, all eligible for Macau SAR passport is also able to apply for a Home Return Permit, allowing the holder to enter and stay in mainland China until its expiry. Issuance of the Home Return Permit is not automatic for all MSAR passport holders and is at the sole discretion of the Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security. Those residing in the Mainland for more than six months may apply for the Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents. Home Return Permit not required for MSAR Passport holders when transiting through Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou Airports within 24 hours without leaving the sterile area. |
| Colombia | eVisa | | |
| Comoros | Visa on arrival | 45 days | |
| Republic of the Congo | Visa required | | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa | 7 days | |
| Costa Rica | Visa required | | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa | 3 months | e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport. |
| Croatia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Cuba | Tourist card required | 90 days | Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee. |
| Cyprus | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| Czech Republic | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Denmark | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Djibouti | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Dominica | Visa not required | 180 days | |
| Dominican Republic | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Ecuador | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Egypt | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| El Salvador | Visa required | | |
| Equatorial Guinea | eVisa | | |
| Eritrea | Visa required | | |
| Estonia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Eswatini | Visa required | | |
| Ethiopia | eVisa | up to 90 days | Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa is available for 30 or 90 days. |
| Fiji | Visa not required | 4 months | |
| Finland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| France | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Gabon | eVisa | 90 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport. |
| Gambia | Visa required | | |
| Georgia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Germany | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Ghana | Visa required | | |
| Greece | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Grenada | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Guatemala | Visa required | | |
| Guinea | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Guyana | Visa required | | |
| Haiti | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Honduras | Visa required | | No visa required if holding valid visa of US, Canada, or Schengen member state. |
| Hungary | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Iceland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| India | Visa required | | |
| Indonesia | Visa required | | |
| Iran | Visa not required | 21 days | |
| Iraq | Visa required | | |
| Ireland | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Israel | Visa not required | 90 days | Entry refused by certain Muslim countries due to Arab league boycott of Israel if evidence of travel to Israel. |
| Italy | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Jamaica | Visa required | | |
| Japan | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Jordan | eVisa / Visa on arrival | | |
| Kazakhstan | Visa not required | 14 days | |
| Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorisation | 90 days | Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. |
| Kiribati | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| North Korea | Visa required | | |
| South Korea | Electronical Travel Authorization | 90 days | The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval. |
| Kuwait | Visa required | | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Visa not required | 30 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Manas International Airport or Osh Airport or through land crossings with China (at Irkeshtam and Torugart), Kazakhstan (at Ak-jol, Ak-Tilek, Chaldybar, Chon-Kapka), Tajikistan (at Bor-Dobo, Kulundu, Kyzyl-Bel) and Uzbekistan (at Dostuk). |
| Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | 17 of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders. e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges and in Boten (road and railroad). Visa on arrival is available at Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges and 6 border crossings. Visa on arrival is extendable for an additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane. |
| Latvia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Lebanon | Free visa on arrival | 1 month | 1 month extendable for 2 additional months. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket. |
| Lesotho | eVisa | | |
| Liberia | Visa required | | |
| Libya | eVisa | | |
| Liechtenstein | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Lithuania | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Luxembourg | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Madagascar | Visa on arrival | 60 days | |
| Malawi | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Malaysia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Maldives | Free visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Mali | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Malta | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Marshall Islands | Visa required | | |
| Mauritania | Visa on arrival | | Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport. |
| Mauritius | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Mexico | Visa not required | 180 days | |
| Micronesia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Moldova | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| Monaco | Visa not required | | |
| Mongolia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Montenegro | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Morocco | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Mozambique | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Myanmar | eVisa | 28 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings at Tachileik, Myawaddy, Kawthaung, Rih Khaw Dar or Tamu. e-Visa available for both tourism (allowed stay is 28 days) or business (allowed stay is 70 days) purposes. |
| Namibia | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Nauru | Visa required | | |
| Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Netherlands | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| New Zealand | Electronic Travel Authority | 3 months | International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority. Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure. Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy. |
| Nicaragua | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Niger | Visa required | | |
| Nigeria | eVisa | 90 days | |
| North Macedonia | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Norway | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Oman | Visa not required | 14 days | |
| Pakistan | Visa required | | |
| Palau | Free visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Panama | Visa required | | |
| Papua New Guinea | eVisa | 60 days | Must arrive through Port Moresby (POM) or Rabaul (RAB) airports. |
| Paraguay | Visa required | | |
| Peru | Visa required | | |
| Philippines | Visa not required | 14 days | |
| Poland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Portugal | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Qatar | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Romania | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Russia | Visa not required | 30 days | For a maximum total stay of 90 days within one calendar year period |
| Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required | | |
| Saint Lucia | Visa on arrival | 6 weeks | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Samoa | Visa not required | 60 days | |
| San Marino | Visa not required | | |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 15 days | |
| Saudi Arabia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Senegal | Visa required | | |
| Serbia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| Seychelles | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Sierra Leone | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Singapore | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Slovakia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Slovenia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Solomon Islands | Visa required | | |
| Somalia | Visa on arrival | 30 days | Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport. |
| South Africa | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| South Sudan | eVisa | | Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. |
| Spain | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 60 days / 30 days | Citizens of Macau would need to select People's Republic of China (Special Administrative Region of China) as their nationality while applying for the e-Visa. The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period. Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period). |
| Sudan | Visa required | | |
| Suriname | Visa not required | 90 days | An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival. Multiple entry e-Visa is also available. |
| Sweden | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Switzerland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Syria | Visa required | | |
| Tajikistan | eVisa | 60 days | |
| Tanzania | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Thailand | Visa not required | 60 days | |
| Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Togo | eVisa | 15 days | |
| Tonga | Free visa on arrival | 31 days | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Visa required | | |
| Tunisia | Visa required | | Visa not required for tourist groups organised by a travel agency. |
| Turkey | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Turkmenistan | Visa required | | |
| Tuvalu | Visa on arrival | 1 month | |
| Uganda | eVisa | 30 days | |
| Ukraine | Visa required | | e-Visa (30 days) is currently suspended due to the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. |
| United Arab Emirates | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| United Kingdom | Visa not required | 6 months | |
| United States | Visa required | | Macau citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with 10-years multiple-entry combination B1 / B2 visas, and each entry can stay for a maximum of 6 months (the period of stay is subject to the border immigration officer). |
| Uruguay | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Uzbekistan | Visa not required | 10 days | Must arrive by air. Otherwise an electronic visa is available. |
| Vanuatu | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Vatican City | Visa not required | | |
| Venezuela | Visa required | | |
| Vietnam | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Yemen | Visa required | | |
| Zambia | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Zimbabwe | Visa on arrival | 30 days | |

## Territories

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:
| Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
| Europe |||
| Abkhazia | Permit required | Below are the requirements for receiving an entry permit to the Republic of Abkhazia: Copy of passport (sent by e-mail or by fax). Please make sure that your passport is valid for at least 6 months after your planned entry to Abkhazia. Filled electronic application. You should complete all sections of the application. If any necessary information is missing, the application will not be considered. An entry permit letter for visiting the Republic of Abkhazia will be sent to the email address from which the application was sent or to the fax number stated in the application. Upon arrival nationals of Macau must visit the Consular Service within three working days in order to receive the visa of the Republic of Abkhazia. |
| Mount Athos | Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed. |
| Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 3 months |
| UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
| Faroe Islands | Visa not required | |
| Gibraltar | Visa not required | |
| Guernsey | Visa not required | |
| Isle of Man | Visa not required | |
| Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours. |
| Jersey | Visa not required | |
| Kosovo | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Russia | Special authorisation required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorisation. |
| South Ossetia | Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia. |
| Transnistria | Visa not required | Registration required after 24h. |
| Africa |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required. |
| Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa). |
| Mayotte | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Réunion | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Ascension Island | Admission refused | From May 2015, the Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to Chinese citizens of Macau. |
| Saint Helena | Visitor's Pass required | Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling. |
| Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands. |
| Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival. |
| Sudan | Travel permit required | All foreigners travelling more than 25 kilometres outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
| Darfur | Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required. |
| Asia |||
| India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year. |
| Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty. |
| Kish Island | Visa not required | 14 days; Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa. |
| Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak | Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies. |
| Maldives | Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives. |
| Palestine | Visa not required | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed. |
| Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez. |
| Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone | |
| UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone | |
| Yemen | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana'a or Aden. |
| Caribbean and North Atlantic |||
| Anguilla | Visa not required | 3 months |
| Aruba | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Bermuda | Visa required | |
| Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba | Visa not required | 30 days |
| British Virgin Islands | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Cayman Islands | Visa required | |
| Curacao | Visa not required | 30 days |
| French Guiana | Visa not required | 90 days |
| French West Indies | Visa not required | French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. |
| Greenland | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Montserrat | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Puerto Rico | Visa required | |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Sint Maarten | Visa not required | 3 months |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa required | |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required | |
| Oceania |||
| American Samoa | Visa required | |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required. |
| Clipperton Island | Special permit required | Special permit required. |
| Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days |
| Lau Province | Special permission required | Special permission required. |
| French Polynesia | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Guam | Visa required | |
| New Caledonia | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required | |
| Niue | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore. |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island. |
| Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required | 90 days |
| South America |||
| Galápagos | Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure. |
| South Atlantic and Antarctica |||
| Falkland Islands | Visa required | |
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands | Visa not required | 90 days(excludes Adélie Land) |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling). |
| Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency. |||

## Timeline of visa-free access

Visa requirements were lifted for Portuguese Macau (unilaterally or bilaterally) by the Philippines on 22 June 1994.
Visa requirements were lifted for Chinese citizens of Macau by the Czech Republic on 1 October 2001, Russia on 30 September 2012, New Zealand on 30 June 2014 and Belarus on 27 November 2016.

## Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

### Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

### Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

### Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).
Some countries, such as Japan, Ireland and the United Kingdom, require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives and South Africa.

#### Maximum passport age

Countries of the Schengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry. A number of holders of British passports, which until September 2018 could be issued with a validity period of up to 10 years and nine months if the previous passport was not expired, were unable to travel to the EU subsequent to Brexit due to this restriction.

### Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

### Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

### Israeli stamps

Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, and Yemen do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

### Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan, Argentina, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Japan, Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), Malaysia upon entry and departure, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation), intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.