OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elizabeth Gardiner

Dame Elizabeth Anne Finlay Gardiner DCB KC (Hon) (born 19 March 1966) is a British solicitor and senior civil servant who served as the First Parliamentary Counsel from November 2015 until 2024.
After education at the University of Edinburgh and working as a solicitor in Scotland Gardiner has worked at the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel since 1991, and as a director-general-graded Parliamentary Counsel from 2003 until her promotion in 2015, where she succeeded Richard Heaton. As of September 2015, as a Director-General Gardiner was paid a salary of between £175,000 and £179,999, making her one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.
Gardiner was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2013 Birthday Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath (DCB) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to government and the legislative process.
In January 2019, Gardiner became the Civil Service Champion for the Civil Service Retirement Fellowship. In 2020 she was appointed as an honorary Queen's Counsel.
# Savannah Lee Smith

Savannah Lee Smith (born July 27, 2000) is an American actress. She gained recognition due to her performance in the HBO Max series, Gossip Girl.

## Early life

Smith was born on July 27, 2000, and grew up in Los Angeles. Her father is a screenwriter, while her mother was a professional singer in the 90s. She attended a private Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles.
In high school, Smith was a singer as part of the school choir. After having doubts, Smith switched to musical theater, and grew to enjoy acting after receiving her first speaking role. She continued to pursue acting in high school.
Smith enrolled in New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts in 2018. She majored in music, but transferred to drama in her first year to pursue acting in theater. During her time in the theater program, she wrote a full-length play in three months.

## Career

Smith, who lives in New York City, auditioned for multiple roles for Gossip Girl before being cast as Monet de Haan. In November 2021, she was cast as the lead in musical film Something Here.
Smith announced her new role as Clara in an undisclosed film in October 2022. The following month, Smith begins filming a Lifetime movie, Drunk, Drive, and 17, in a lead role as Kim. The film is set to air on April 15, 2023.

## Personal life

Smith is bisexual.
At the age of 16, Smith discovered that she had severe scoliosis, and had spinal fusion surgery shortly after being advised by a doctor to do so immediately.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| TBA | Something Here | Samantha "Sam" Abrams | Main role | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2021–2023 | Gossip Girl | Monet De Haan | Main role |
| 2023 | Drunk, Driving, and 17 | Kim Summers | Television film |
| 2024 | Cruel Intentions | Annie Grover | Main role |
# Royal Australian Air Force Memorial

* RAAF Memorial, highlighting the three stone walls with etched photographs.
The Royal Australian Air Force Memorial is on Anzac Parade, the principal ceremonial and memorial avenue of Canberra, the capital city of Australia.
The Royal Australian Air Force was formed on 31 March 1921, being preceded by the Australian Flying Corps that saw service in World War I. This memorial commemorates the 50th anniversary of the formation of the RAAF (initially as the Australian Air Force, the "Royal" prefix being added in August 1921), and the service of members of the RAAF. It was unveiled by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on 15 March 1973.
The redeveloped memorial incorporated three black granite walls and their images. It was dedicated in the presence of Peter Hollingworth AC OBE, Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia; John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia; and Air Marshal Angus Houston AC AFC, Chief of Air Force.

## Sculpture

The central sculpture was designed by Inge King to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the formation of the RAAF, and was unveiled in 1973. It symbolises the aspirations and achievements of the RAAF; the three upturned wing shapes representing the endurance, strength and courage of RAAF people, while the bronze flight sculpture in the centre embodies man's struggle to conquer the elements. The RAAF motto is inscribed on the base: PER ARDUA AD ASTRA : Through struggle to the stars.
The three black granite walls at the back were designed by Robert Boynes and were unveiled in 2002. The images and the words of the poem High Flight by John Gillespie Magee Jr symbolise service and sacrifice related to all RAAF personnel and particularly the more than 14,000 who have paid the supreme sacrifice. The list of RAAF battle honours are on the back faces of the two shorter walls.
# Abraham Bogardus

Abraham Bogardus (November 29, 1822 – March 22, 1908) was an American daguerreotypist and photographer who made around 200,000 daguerreotypes during his career.
He was trained in the daguerreotype process by New Yorker George W. Prosch, who in 1839 had made a camera for Samuel F.B. Morse. Bogardus opened a studio and gallery at 363 Broadway in New York in 1846, becoming very successful. In 1868, he helped in the founding of the National Photographic Association of which he was president for five years. He worked as a clerk in a dry goods store in the late 1830s, and exhibited a painting at the American Institute in 1845.
From 1847 to 1852, he was listed as a daguerreotypist at 217 Greenwich Street. His residence was in Newark, New Jersey, from 1849 to 1851, returning to Grove Street, New York City, between 1851 and 1852. His success enabled a branch gallery at 126 Washington Street, Newark, in 1849, which moved to 8 Clinton Street, Newark, in 1850. His New York City gallery was moved to 229 Greenwich Street in 1851 and the old Root Gallery at 363 Broadway refitted in 1862. He opened a new studio at 1153 Broadway in 1869, maintaining the 363 Broadway address.
That same year he became an important witness at the trial of William H. Mumler, a spirit photographer who had been accused of fraud by, among others, P. T. Barnum. Barnum hired Bogardus to fabricate a photograph of him with the supposed "ghost" of Abraham Lincoln; this photograph was then tendered in evidence at Mumler's trial to demonstrate to the court how easy it was to conjure fake images of ghosts.
In 1871 to 1873, he was in partnership with Daniel and David Bendann, brothers from Baltimore, Maryland, at 1153 Broadway in New York. In 1873, Bogardus produced daguerreotypes of bank note designs for the American Bank Note Co.
Wanting to retire in 1884, Bogardus advertised in the Philadelphia Photographer: "Wishing to retire from the photographic business, I now offer my well-known establishment for sale, after thirty-eight years' continuous existence in this city. The reputation of the gallery is too well known to require one word of comment. The stock of registered negatives is very valuable, containing a large line of regular customers, and also very many of our prominent men, Presidents, Senators, etc., and for which orders are constantly received. They include Blaine and Logan. Entire apparatus first-class; Dallmeyer lens, etc. For further information, address Abraham Bogardus & Co., 872 Broadway cor. 18th St., New York."
He died in his home at 246 Madison Street in Brooklyn, NY surrounded by friends in 1908.
* Asher Brown Durand (1869) by Bogardus
* Chester A. Arthur (1880s) by Bogardus
* Letter by Bogardus, after being elected as a non-resident member of a society in Texas
# Mélo

Mélo may refer to:
* Mélo (play), a 1929 play by Henri Bernstein
* Mélo, a 1932 French-language film adaptation of the play, co-produced with Dreaming Lips, a German-language adaptation
* Mélo (film), a 1986 French adaptation of the play
* Mélo, a 2022 album by Tiakola
# Nerys Jefford

Dame Nerys Angharad Jefford, styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Jefford, DBE (born 25 December 1962) is a High Court Judge of England and Wales.

## Early life

She was born in Swansea, Wales and educated at Olchfa School, and graduated from Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford in 1984, followed by an LLM from the University of Virginia in 1985, where she was a Fulbright Scholar.

## Career

Jefford was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn in 1986, became a QC in 2008, and was appointed as a Recorder in 2007. In addition to practice, Jefford contributed to Keating on Construction Contracts from the fifth edition in 1991 to the eighth edition in 2006.

### High Court appointment

On 3 October 2016, she was appointed as a High Court judge, assigned to the Queen's Bench Division.
She is the Presiding Judge for Wales and sits on the Technology and Construction Court.
In July 2021, Jefford was part of the first all-female Court of Appeal panel in Wales, sitting alongside Lady Justice Nicola Davies and Mrs Justice Steyn.

## Honours

In 2016, Jefford was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE).
In 2023 Jefford was awarded an honorary doctorate by Leeds Beckett University.
# Bridgewater Township, Pennsylvania

Bridgewater Township is a township in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,582 at the 2020 census, but is now estimated to be 2,754.

## History

Bridgewater Township was formed in November 1806 from parts of Tunkhannock, Braintrim, Nicholson, and Rush Townships in what was then northern Luzerne County. The Borough of Montrose was incorporated from part of Bridgewater Township in 1824.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 41.41 square miles (107.3 km$^2$), of which 41.05 square miles (106.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.36 square miles (0.93 km$^2$) (0.82%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,844 people, 1,124 households, and 766 families residing in the township. The population density was 69.3 people per square mile (26.8 people/km$^2$). There were 1,303 housing units at an average density of 31.7 per square mile (12.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.1% White, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1% of the population.
There were 1,124 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 59.8% from 18 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.7 years.
The median income for a household in the township was $44,188, and the median income for a family was $59,079. Males had a median income of $32,853 versus $26,056 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,898. About 4.2% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Orson Flagg Bullard - Pennsylvania State Representative
# Metropolitan Edison Co. v. NLRB

Metropolitan Edison Co. v. NLRB, 460 U.S. 693 (1983), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, when punishing an employee for engaging in an unprotected strike, an employer may not consider their status as a union official when deciding the degree of discipline to inflict but may consider their role in the actual strike.
# Frank Clarke (editor)

Frank Clarke (31 December 1915 – September 2002) was a British film editor. He worked for many years for the British branch of MGM at Elstree Studios.

## Selected filmography

Frank Clarke began his career as an editor. Based on Clarke's filmography at the Internet Movie Database, the director and release date of each film are indicated in parentheses.
With more than 30 film credits dating from 1937, his film editing work includes:
Editor :
| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 1937 | Clothes and the Woman | Albert de Courville | |
| 1948 | Spring in Park Lane | Herbert Wilcox | First collaboration with Herbert Wilcox |
| 1948 | Elizabeth of Ladymead | Herbert Wilcox | Second collaboration with Herbert Wilcox |
| 1949 | Conspirator | Victor Saville | First collaboration with Victor Saville |
| 1950 | The Miniver Story | H. C. Potter | |
| 1951 | Calling Bulldog Drummond | Victor Saville | Second collaboration with Victor Saville |
| 1952 | Ivanhoe | Richard Thorpe | First collaboration with Richard Thorpe |
| 1953 | Time Bomb | Ted Tetzlaff | |
| 1953 | Never Let Me Go | Delmer Daves | |
| 1953 | Mogambo | John Ford | |
| 1953 | Knights of the Round Table | Richard Thorpe | Second collaboration with Richard Thorpe |
| 1954 | Beau Brummell | Curtis Bernhardt | |
| 1955 | Bedevilled | Mitchell Leisen | |
| 1956 | Bhowani Junction | George Cukor | |
| 1957 | The Barretts of Wimpole Street | Sidney Franklin | |
| 1957 | Action of the Tiger | Terence Young | |
| 1958 | I Accuse! | José Ferrer | |
| 1958 | Tom Thumb | George Pal | |
| 1959 | Libel | Anthony Asquith | First collaboration with Anthony Asquith |
| 1960 | The Day They Robbed the Bank of England | John Guillermin | |
| 1961 | The Green Helmet | Michael Forlong | |
| 1961 | A Matter of WHO | Don Chaffey | |
| 1962 | Light in the Piazza | Guy Green | First collaboration with Guy Green |
| 1962 | I Thank a Fool | Robert Stevens | |
| 1963 | Come Fly with Me | Henry Levin | |
| 1963 | The V.I.P.s | Anthony Asquith | Second collaboration with Anthony Asquith |
| 1964 | The Golden Head | Richard ThorpeJames Hill | Third collaboration with Richard Thorpe |
| 1964 | The Yellow Rolls-Royce | Anthony Asquith | Third collaboration with Anthony Asquith |
| 1966 | Blowup | Michelangelo Antonioni | Uncredited |
| 1967 | Pretty Polly | Guy Green | Second collaboration with Guy Green |
| 1969 | Lock Up Your Daughters | Peter Coe | |
| 1970 | No Blade of Grass | Cornel Wilde | |
Editorial department :
| Year | Film | Director | Role | Notes |
| 1934 | Jack Ahoy | Walter Forde | Assistant editor | Uncredited |

### Documentaries

Editor :
| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 1944 | Tunisian Victory | Frank CapraHugh StewartRoy BoultingJohn HustonAnthony Veiller | |
| 1945 | The True Glory | Garson KaninCarol Reed | Uncredited |
| 1945 | Burma Victory | Roy Boulting | |

### Shorts

Editor :
| Year | Film | Director |
| 1946 | Routine Job: A Story of Scotland Yard | Gilbert Gunn |
| 1947 | Return to Action | Gilbert Gunn |
| 1971 | Baleia! Baleia! | David Tomblin |
# Yama-no Attchan

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Yama no Att-chan. (山のアッちゃん。, "Att-chan of the Mountain(s).") is the second album released by Japanese pop punk band Shonen Knife and is almost exclusively in Japanese. The album was named after Atsuko, their drummer, the honorific "-chan" being added. The title thus functions as a pun, since the drummer's name, when rendered in the traditional Japanese style, is Yamano Atsuko.
The original Japanese 8" vinyl (Zero Records 0-0584) includes 10 songs. The CD reissue bonus tracks are either "Flying Jelly Attack" and "Insect Collector" live (Oglio Records, US), or "Secret Dance" and "Flying Saucer Attack" (MCA Victor, Japan).
The reissue version of this album does not feature the original version of "Dalí's Sunflower" – it contains a more recently recorded version. The 1990 compilation album Shonen Knife features the entire album with the original version of "Dali's Sunflower" as well as the album Burning Farm.

## Track listing

* "An Angel Has Come"
* "Cycling Is Fun"
* "Elmar Elevator"
* "Banana Leaf"
* "Chinese Song"
* "Flying Jelly Attack"
* "Cannibal Papaya"
* "Dalí's Sunflower"
* "Insect Collector"
* "Bye Bye"

## Personnel

* Naoko Yamano – guitar, vocals
* Michie Nakatani – bass, keyboards, vocals
* Atsuko Yamano – drums, backing vocals
# Maribel Romero

Maribel Romero is a Spanish professor of linguistics at the University of Konstanz. In 2022, she was elected as a Member of the Academia Europaea.

## Education and honor

Romero earned her Ph.D. in linguistics at University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1998. She has worked at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Konstanz. She was elected as a Member of the Academia Europaea in 2022 for her "sustained academic excellence".

## Academic research

Romero's research falls under the umbrellas of formal semantics and pragmatics. Phenomena she has worked on include questions, quantifiers, focus, and counterfactuality. Her work includes experimental methodologies, and she is a member of the major research network XPrag in experimental pragmatics. She has led funded projects on questions, conditionals, and clausal embedding.

## Works (selected)

* Romero, Maribel (2005). "Concealed Questions and Specificational Subjects". Linguistics and Philosophy. 28 (6): 687–737. doi:10.1007/s10988-005-2654-9. ISSN 0165-0157. S2CID 62696557.
* Han, Chung-hye; Romero, Maribel (2004). "The Syntax Of Whether/Q … Or Questions: Ellipsis Combined With Movement". Natural Language & Linguistic Theory. 22 (3): 527–564. doi:10.1023/B:NALA.0000027674.87552.71. ISSN 0167-806X. S2CID 170231496.
* Romero, Maribel; Han, Chung-Hye (2004). "On Negative Yes/No Questions". Linguistics and Philosophy. 27 (5): 609–658. doi:10.1023/B:LING.0000033850.15705.94. ISSN 0165-0157. S2CID 170923456.
* Romero, Maribel (2024-01-16). "Biased Polar Questions". Annual Review of Linguistics. 10 (1): 279–302. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-022421-064837. ISSN 2333-9683.
# Cape Cod Academy

Cape Cod Academy (CCA) is an independent coed college preparatory school for grades Kindergarten through 12 located in Osterville, Massachusetts.

## Statistics

The Academy was incorporated in 1976 and functions on a school preparatory curriculum. The school is a member of several associations: the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), Association of Independent Schools of New England (AISNE), and additionally has been accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). Almost all graduates from the Academy are accepted in college, and many are accepted into very competitive colleges, including Ivy League matriculations.

## Summer camps

Cape Cod Academy opened its first day camp during the summer of 2013. The Summer Program is offered from June through August. It is open to CCA students and non-CCA students. Cape Cod Academy's campus also hosts several other camps throughout the summer.
# Morrissey v. Brewer

Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case that provided for a hearing, before a "neutral and detached" hearing body such as a parole board, to determine the factual basis for parole violations. This hearing is colloquially known as a "Morrissey hearing."
The hearing can take place with the defendant in or out of custody. If applicable, a victim may be ordered to testify at a hearing. During the hearing, a member of the Parole Hearing Division reviews the evidence of the violation.
The parolee is usually present and can present witnesses and documentary evidence and ask the victim questions. But in extreme cases the victim can be interviewed outside the parolee's presence. If this happens, the parolee can leave a list of questions for the victim to answer. Evidence including letters, affidavits, and other material that would not be admissible in an adversary criminal trial can be allowed in a Morrissey hearing.
After the hearing, the factfinders issue a written statement as to the evidence relied upon and reasons for revoking parole. The victim can be notified about the outcome.
Brennan and Marshall noted in their concurrence, "The only question open under our precedents is whether counsel must be furnished the parolee if he is indigent."
# David Richards (rugby union, born 1954)

David "Dai" Richards (born 23 May 1954) is a former Welsh international rugby union player. In 1980 he toured South Africa with the British Lions and at the time played club rugby for Swansea.

## Rugby career

Richards played on 17 occasions for Wales as a centre or wing, scoring four tries. He was brought into the Welsh side in 1979 for the Five Nations game against France in Paris in place of Llanelli's Ray Gravell.
In hindsight, many observers believe it would have been better to have retained the Steve Fenwick/Ray Gravell centre partnership and moved David Richards to fly-half instead of Cardiff's Gareth Davies. Richards played fly-half for his club side Swansea and was much more effective in that position and indeed his greatest Welsh performance was against Scotland in 1980 when he moved from centre to fly-half when Davies was injured. he played a fine game and scored a magnificent try. He played 311 games for Swansea between 1972/73 and 1985/86, scoring 117 tries, and captained the club in 1981/82, 1982/83 and 1983/84. He toured with the 1980 British Lions to South Africa, playing seven games, including one international appearance. He was also a reserve for the 1977 British Lions tour to New Zealand. He was Welsh Rugby player of the year in 1980.
As well as representing the full Wales team, he also played for Wales B and was also picked for invitational touring side, the Barbarians. After his playing career he became a National selector for the Welsh Rugby Union.
# Arunachaleswarar Temple, Walajabad

Arunachaleswarar Temple is a Hindu temple located on the Walajabad-Chengalpattu highway in Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is Shiva. There are also shrines to Ganapati, Durga and Dakshinamoorthy.
# NGC 1309

NGC 1309 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 120 million light-years away, appearing in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 3 October 1785.
NGC 1309 is about 75,000 light-years across, and is about 3/4s the width of the Milky Way. Its shape is classified as SA(s)bc, meaning that it has moderately wound spiral arms and no ring. Bright blue areas of star formation can be seen in the spiral arms, while the yellowish central nucleus contains older-population stars. NGC 1309 is one of over 200 members of the Eridanus Group of galaxies.

## Supernova 2002fk

SN 2002fk was discovered jointly by Reiki Kushida of the Yatsugatake South Base Observatory, Nagano Prefecture, Japan; and Jun-jie Wang and Yu-Lei Qiu of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory on 17 Sept 2002. When it was discovered it was magnitude ~15.0; it was estimated to have reached maximum magnitude of ~13.0 before fading away. It was a Type Ia supernova (i.e., the progenitor star was white dwarf). White dwarfs are older stars that have used up almost all of their main fuel (the lighter elements such as hydrogen and helium). SN 2002fk's spectra showed no indications of hydrogen, helium or carbon; instead ionized calcium, silicon, iron and nickel were found.

## Supernova 2012Z

SN 2012Z was discovered jointly by Brad Cenko, Weidong Li, and Alex Filippenko using the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope on 29 January 2012 as part of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. The scientists have hypothesized that this is a type Iax supernova, and may have left behind a remnant zombie star. In February 2022 a study with new observations has confirmed that the star survived the explosion and is even brighter than before.