OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zohar Palti

Zohar Palti (Hebrew: זהר פלטי; born 1964) was head of the Political-Military Bureau at Israel's Ministry of Defense. He previously served as the head of the Mossad's intelligence directorate, as well as deputy head of the Research Division in the IDF Intelligence Corps at the rank of colonel.

## Early life and education

Palti was born in Tel Aviv and was raised in Ramat HaSharon, where he studied at the "Rutberg" High School. In 1982 he was drafted into the IDF Intelligence Corps. During his service, he served as an intelligence officer in the Golani Infantry Brigade, chief-of staff to then-deputy IDF chief of staff, Major General Matan Vilnai, intelligence officer in the Judea and Samaria Division, and head of Counter Terrorism arena in the IDF Intelligence Corps. In his final IDF posting, Palti served as deputy head of the Intelligence Corps' Research Division.

## Career

In 2006, Palti began working at the Mossad intelligence agency at the request of then-director, Meir Dagan, who appointed him head of the Counter Terrorism division within the organization's intelligence branch. In 2010, he was appointed head of the Mossad's strategic research division. In 2011, he was appointed by then-director Tamir Pardo as head of the intelligence directorate.
Palti's tenure as head of the Mossad's intelligence directorate was characterized by Israel and its intelligence community facing a wave of threats and challenges including revolutions across the Arab world, the Syrian Civil War, and the Iranian nuclear program.
In 2016, Palti finished his tenure and went on to be a senior research fellow at Harvard's Belfer Center. In February 2017, a professional committee, chaired by Ministry of Defense Director General, Gen. (res.) Udi Adam, recommended that Palti be selected to serve as head of the ministry's Political-Military Bureau. Minister of Defense Avigdor Liberman approved the recommendation.
Palti has BA and Executive MA in Middle-Eastern studies from Tel Aviv University, with honorary distinction. He is a graduate of the National Defense University's Advanced Management program, and was a research fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy in Washington, DC. Palti was also a Reccanati-Kaplan senior fellow at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.

## Personal life

Palti is married and has two children.
# Pierre Siegenthaler

Pierre Siegenthaler (born 19 July 1938) is a Swiss sailor. He competed in the Flying Dutchman event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Sayed Khalil

Sayed Khalil (born (1976-12-23)23 December 1976) is a former Egyptian male volleyball player. He was included in the Egypt men's national volleyball team that finished 11th at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
# Alejandro Carmona

Alejandro "Bimbo" Carmona (born June 14, 1983) was a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Gigantes de Carolina of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). He had 3 Kids, Alejandro Jr, Cherlialix and Jayden. After going undrafted in the 2005 NBA draft, Carmona participated in 2005 pre-season training camp of the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association, and then played with the Fort Worth Flyers of the NBA Development League. Since then, he has been playing in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN) with Gigantes de Carolina, Vaqueros de Bayamón, Indios de Mayagüez, Brujos de Guayama and Piratas de Quebradillas. Carmona was a member of the Puerto Rico national basketball team since 2006.

## Biography

He has is often confused with Alejandro Carmona aka Ali Baba. The two are separate characters. Carmona attended Troy High School in Troy, Ohio from 1999 to 2001 where he played basketball for two seasons before being ruled ineligible by the Ohio High School Athletic Association. During his time in Troy, Carmona verbally committed to play college basketball at the University of Memphis and later at the University of Dayton.
Carmona has played in the National Superior Basketball League of Puerto Rico since 2001. Carmona won Rookie of the Year in 2002 for National Superior Basketball League of Puerto Rico. In 2005 Carmona was invited to the Detroit Pistons Pre-Season Training Camp and was later allocated to the Fort Worth Flyers of the NBDL.
In 2006, Carmona played with Fuerza Regia from Mexico, (LNBP league). Has set the record for most points in a game, with Fuerza Regia, with 49, against Durango (on October 13), LNBP League.
Carmona has been a member of the Puerto Rican National Basketball Team in 2006, participating in the Central American and Caribbean Games earning the gold medal.
During summer of 2007, Carmona represented Puerto Rico as a member of the Puerto Rican National Basketball Team during the 2007 Pan-American Games winning the silver medal.
In 2017, Carmona joined the Piratas de Quebradillas where he won his first BSN Championship.
On January 20, 2022 "Bimbo" signed with the Gigantes de Carolina and on July 26, 2023, he won his second BSN championship. This was the first championship in franchise history.

## Career stats

Carmona's NBDL stats in 7 games are 17 points with a 2.4 PPG, 3 assists with a 0.4 APG, 11 rebounds with a 1.6 RPG, 2 steals with a 0.3 SPG, .308 field goal percentage, and .500 free-throw percentage.
# Fairmount, Maryland

Fairmount is a census-designated place (CDP) in Somerset County, Maryland, United States. The population was 537 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Fairmount is located at 38°5′40″N 75°47′25″W﻿ / ﻿38.09444°N 75.79028°W﻿ / 38.09444; -75.79028 (38.094554, −75.790342).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.2 square miles (45 km$^2$), of which 12.6 square miles (33 km$^2$) is land and 4.5 square miles (12 km$^2$) (26.34%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 537 people, 206 households, and 140 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 42.5 inhabitants per square mile (16.4/km$^2$). There were 275 housing units at an average density of 21.7 per square mile (8.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.36% White, 32.22% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 1.12% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12% of the population.
There were 206 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,185, and the median income for a family was $38,542. Males had a median income of $26,146 versus $21,786 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,494. About 20.8% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.0% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

Fairmount is located on Maryland Route 361: Fairmount Road. The state designation for the road ends in the CDP, near Fairmount Volunteer Fire Department. The road leads back to Maryland Route 413 in Westover.
Shore Transit once provided access to the CDP from a transfer point in Westover, but service ended in the early 2000s.
# List of things named after Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether (1882–1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions to abstract algebra. This article is dedicated to the things named after her achievements.

## Mathematics

* Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem
* Lasker–Noether theorem
* Noether identities
* Noether normalization lemma
* Noether's bound
* Noether's isomorphism theorems
* Noether’s problem
* Noether's second theorem
* Noether's theorem
* Skolem–Noether theorem

### "Noetherian"

* Noetherian
* Noetherian group
* Noetherian induction
* Noetherian module
* Noetherian ring
* Noetherian scheme
* Noetherian topological space

## Other

* "Noether boys", nickname for her doctoral students.
* Noether Lecture held every year, by the Association for Women in Mathematics.
* Emmy Noether Campus, the building used by University of Siegen to house its mathematics and physics departments.
* Emmy Noether Programme, operated by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).
* A street in her hometown, Erlangen, has been named after Emmy Noether and her father, Max Noether.
* A street in Moosach, North-West Munich, has been named after her.
* Emmy Noether School, in Erlangen.
* Emmy Noether High School Mathematics Days, series of high school workshops and competitions.
* Emmy Noether Visiting Fellowships, at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
* LMS Emmy Noether Fellowships, at the London Mathematical Society
* The Emmy Noether Council, also at the Perimeter Institute.
* The Emmy Noether Mathematics Institute in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel - jointly founded by the university, the German government and the Minerva Foundation.
* The Emmy Noether lectures (an annual series of distinguished lectures).
* Emmy Nutter, the (fictional) physics professor in "The God Patent" by Ransom Stephens, is based on Emmy Noether.

### Astronomy

* The crater Nöther on the far side of the Moon is named after her.
* The 7001 Noether asteroid also is named for her.
# Truth condition

In semantics and pragmatics, a truth condition is the condition under which a sentence is true. For example, "It is snowing in Nebraska" is true precisely when it is snowing in Nebraska. Truth conditions of a sentence do not necessarily reflect current reality. They are merely the conditions under which the statement would be true.
More formally, a truth condition makes for the truth of a sentence in an inductive definition of truth (for details, see the semantic theory of truth). Understood this way, truth conditions are theoretical entities. To illustrate with an example: suppose that, in a particular truth theory which is a theory of truth where truth is somehow made acceptable despite semantic terms as close as possible, the word "Nixon" refers to Richard M. Nixon, and "is alive" is associated with the set of currently living things. Then one way of representing the truth condition of "Nixon is alive" is as the ordered pair <Nixon, {x: x is alive}>. And we say that "Nixon is alive" is true if and only if the referent (or referent of) "Nixon" belongs to the set associated with "is alive", that is, if and only if Nixon is alive.
In semantics, the truth condition of a sentence is almost universally considered distinct from its meaning. The meaning of a sentence is conveyed if the truth conditions for the sentence are understood. Additionally, there are many sentences that are understood although their truth condition is uncertain. One popular argument for this view is that some sentences are necessarily true—that is, they are true whatever happens to obtain. All such sentences have the same truth conditions, but arguably do not thereby have the same meaning. Likewise, the sets {x: x is alive} and {x: x is alive and x is not a rock} are identical—they have precisely the same members—but presumably the sentences "Nixon is alive" and "Nixon is alive and is not a rock" have different meanings.
# Pragmatic Sanction of 1830

The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 (Spanish: Pragmática Sanción), issued on 29 March 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy (see also Carlism).
When Philip V, from the French House of Bourbon acceded to the Spanish throne in the War of the Spanish Succession, he brought with him the Salic law, which restricted succession to the throne to the direct male line. However, King Ferdinand VII would father only two daughters, Isabella and Luisa Fernanda of Bourbon. Ferdinand's father, Charles IV of Spain had made a weak attempt to eliminate the Salic Law, and Ferdinand brought forth the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, so that his oldest daughter would inherit the throne and be declared queen upon his death, as was the older Castilian custom.
This removed his brother, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, as the next in the line of succession under Salic Law. Carlos' supporters, among whom was Francisco Calomarde, pressured Ferdinand VII to repeal the Pragmatic Sanction. A severe attack of gout, however, incapacitated Ferdinand and, when he died on 29 September 1833, Isabella was proclaimed queen. As she was still a minor, the kingdom fell under the regency of her mother Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies.
# Brogne Abbey

Brogne Abbey (French: Abbaye de Brogne), also known as Saint-Gerard Abbey, was a Benedictine abbey founded in the early 10th century by Gerard of Brogne in the village of Brogne (now the Saint-Gérard subdivision of Mettet, Wallonia, Belgium).
Gerard founded the abbey on his own land, with the blessing of Stephen of Liège (died 920), and obtained a relic of St Eugenius from the abbot of Saint-Denis. A charter of 923 granted land in Hesbaye to the monastery.
In 992 Otto III visited the abbey together with Notker of Liège and confirmed its independence and privileges. In 1183 Pope Lucius III confirmed the abbey in all its possessions.
In 1566 the revenues of the abbacy were assigned to the recently founded Diocese of Namur by a bull of Pope Pius IV. Thereafter the monastery was governed by a prior on behalf of the bishop of Namur. In 1656 the monastery was incorporated into the Bursfelde Congregation. Just which revenues were due to the bishop remained subject to dispute, petitions and sometimes litigation until the abbey was suppressed in 1796.
The buildings of the former monastery were acquired by the municipality of Mettet in 1974, and were listed as built heritage in 1995. At least for some years, the early 80's, the abbey was used as a youth hostel by the Belgian Youth hostels association. Since 2013 they have housed a microbrewery, and since 2015 a centre for viticulture.

## Abbots

* Gerard of Brogne (died 959)
* Heribert
* Guinebald
* Reiner
* Gonther
* Boso (died 1085)
* Guerimond
* Thomas
* Arnold (died 1106)
* Stephen (died 1114)
* Ebroin (died 1140)
* Gerard (died 1156)
* Godfrey (died 1161)
* Libuin (died 1185)
* Lambert (died 1234)
* Arnold (died 1192)
* Robert (died 1221/22)
* Thomas (died 1268)
* Gerard (died 1291)
* Lambert (died 1293)
* Baldwin of Riwenchies (died 1301)
* Thomas de Hanèche (died 1310)
* Gerard (died 1313)
* Alard (died 1353)
* Henri de Falize (died 1380)
* Jean Buffetial (died 1400)
* Walter de Falize
* Jean de Liernu (died 1433)
* Nicolas de Lesves (died 1448)
* Nicolas Cardin (died 1452)
* Guillaume de Graux (died 1483)
* Jacques Le Tourier (died 1503)
* Guillaume de Beez (died 1507)
* Thomas Badry (resigned 1512; died 1516)
* Guillaume Caulier (died 1550)
* Benoît de Mailly (died 1564)
Thereafter the bishops of Namur held the abbacy in commendam.
# Manuela Leggeri

Manuela Leggeri (born 9 May 1976 in Sezze) is a volleyball player who represented Italy twice (2000 and 2004) at the Summer Olympics. She was a member of the Women's National Team that won the gold medal at the 2002 World Championship in Germany. Leggeri made her international debut on 29 May 1994.

## Individual awards

* 2004 FIVB World Grand Prix "Best Blocker"
# Rufous-breasted blue flycatcher

The rufous-breasted blue flycatcher (Cyornis camarinensis) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found on the Bicol Peninsula and Catanduanes. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the blue-breasted blue flycatcher (Cyornis herioti). It is one of the most mysterious and least observed species with no known photos of any living bird.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes it as "An attractive flycatcher of forest understory from the lowlands to low mountains of southern Luzon and Catanduanes. Male has deep blue upperparts and sides to the chest, pale orange breast and throat, blackish face, and a white belly. Female has a brown back, white belly, rufous forehead, wings and tail, a grayish-brown head, and an orange throat. An inconspicuous and poorly-known species. Males is similar to Mangrove Blue-Flycatcher, but lacks the black chin of male and white face of the female. Song is a high-pitched, shrill “tsiiiiiiiii!” followed by a variety of lower notes."
It was formerly conspecific with the Blue-breasted blue flycatcher from North Luzon. It was split as a separate species based on the male's eponymous rufous breast. As this is an extremely rare bird and there are barely and specimens, the differences between the two species' females are poorly understood.

## Ecology and behaviour

This species is poorly known. Stomach contents from specimens taken contained insects. This species forages close to the forest floor in the dense understorey. It is extremely unobstrusive and is usually alone or in a pair.
Nothing is known about its breeding habits except that two males collected in April and May were in breeding condition and had enlarged testes. An immature male was also collected in late June.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is seen on the undergrowth of primary forests or along forest edge. IUCN estimates just 2,500- 9,999 mature individuals remaining with populations believe to be declining due to ongoing habitat destruction.
It is found in the protected areas in Bulusan Volcano Natural Park and Mount Isarog but actual protection from deforestation is lax.
Conservation actions proposed are to map out this species' true distribution and to better learn about its ecology.
# Nigra

Nigra may refer to:

## Geography

* Castelnuovo Nigra, a comune (municipality) in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont
* Nigra (Brahmani), a major tributary of the Brahmani River, India
* Porta Nigra, a large Roman city gate in Trier, Germany
* Rupes Nigra, a phantom island, was believed to be a 33-mile-wide magnetic island of black rock located at the Magnetic North Pole

## Medicine

* Dermatosis papulosa nigra, a condition of many small, benign skin lesions on that face that closely simulate seborrheic keratoses, a condition generally presenting on dark-skinned individuals
* Linea nigra, a dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy
* Substantia nigra, a portion of the brain associated with dopamine production
* Tinea nigra, a superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet

## People

* Christina Nigra, an actress who performed in The Sword and the Sorcerer, Twilight Zone: The Movie, and Cloak & Dagger
* Costantino Nigra, an Italian diplomatist

## Other uses

* Patriotic Nigras, a group of griefers in the virtual world Second Life
* By extension, a suit-wearing Afro-styled avatar used by the group for raids in Habbo Hotel
* A variant spelling of "Negro"
# Serafina

Seraphina or Serafina is a feminine given name, derived from the word seraph, a high-ranking angel in the hierarchy of angels, and may refer to:

## Persons

* Saint Serafina (1238–1253), a thirteenth century Italian saint
* Seraphina Sforza (c. 1434–1478), an Italian noblewoman and nun
* Serafina di dio (1621–1699), Italian abbess
* Penny Serafina Petrone (1925–2005), a Canadian writer, educator, arts patron, and philanthropist
* Serafina Ouistiti, one of the several stage names of Dutch musician Bloem de Ligny (born 1978)
* Serafina Steer (born 1982), an English harpist, pianist, singer and songwriter

## Fictional characters

* Seraphina, an 1809 popular novel by Caroline Burney
* Seraphina, a 2012 fantasy novel by Rachel Hartman
* Serafina (Marvel), a super villain in the Marvel Comics Universe
* Serafina Pekkala, a fictional character in Phillip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy
* Dona Serafina, a fictional character in Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley by Lord Dunsany
* Seraphina the Giraffe, a children's story book by Laurent de Brunhoff
* Seraphina Picquery, president of The Magical Congress of the US in the film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.
* Serafina, protagonist of Serafina and the Black Cloak and its sequels
* Serafina di Miromara, the protagonist in the Waterfire Saga by Jennifer Donnelly
* Seraphina, a major character in the video game Disgaea 5.
* Seraphina au Raa, a character appearing in Iron Gold and Dark Age, books four and five of Pierce Brown's Red Rising Saga.
* Seraphina, coprotagonist of webtoon unOrdinary, by uru-chan.

## Places

* Serafina, New Mexico, unincorporated community in New Mexico, United States
* Serafina Corrêa, municipality in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
* Serafina (restaurant), an Italian restaurant in Seattle, Washington, U.S.
# Ingrid Simler, Lady Simler

Ingrid Ann Simler, Lady Simler, DBE, PC (born 17 September 1963) is a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. She was previously a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.

## Career

Born to a Jewish family, she was educated at Henrietta Barnett School, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and the University of Amsterdam.
She was called to the bar by Inner Temple in 1987 and became a QC in 2006. Simler was appointed a Recorder in 2002 and was a judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) from 2013. She was President of the Employment Appeal Tribunal for a term of three years from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.
On 27 June 2018, it was announced that Simler was to be appointed to the Court of Appeal, an appointment she took up on 2 July 2019.
Simler was chair of the Equality and Diversity Committee of the Bar Council, and at the date of announcement of her appointment to the High Court bench in 2013 she was head of her chambers. She is the chair of the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion sub-committee of the Inner Temple.
On 17 October 2023, the Ministry of Justice announced that Simler would become a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. She was sworn in on 14 November 2023.

## List of decided cases

* Mercer v Alternative Future Group Ltd [2024] UKSC 12
* Kostal UK Ltd v Dunkley [2018] ICR 768 (EAT)