# Bobby McFerrin

Robert Keith McFerrin Jr. (born March 11, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter, and conductor. His vocal techniques include singing fluidly but with quick and considerable jumps in pitch—for example, sustaining a melody while also rapidly alternating with arpeggios and harmonies—as well as scat singing, polyphonic overtone singing, and improvisational vocal percussion. He performs and records regularly as an unaccompanied solo vocal artist. He has frequently collaborated with other artists from both the jazz and classical scenes.
McFerrin's song "Don't Worry, Be Happy" is the only acapella track to ever reach No. 1 in the US, which it reached in 1988 and additionally won Song of the Year and Record of the Year honors at the 1989 Grammy Awards. McFerrin has also worked in collaboration with jazz fusion instrumentalists including pianists Chick Corea (of Return to Forever), Herbie Hancock (of The Headhunters), and Joe Zawinul (of Weather Report), drummer Tony Williams, and cellist Yo-Yo Ma.

## Early life and education

McFerrin was born in Manhattan, New York City in 1950, the son of operatic baritone Robert McFerrin, who was the first Black man to sing at America's flagship opera company – the Metropolitan Opera, and singer Sara Copper (1924-2019). He attended Cathedral High School in Los Angeles, Cerritos College, University of Illinois Springfield (then known as Sangamon State University) and California State University, Sacramento.
His mother Sara (Copper) McFerrin was a soloist and taught voice at Fullerton College in Southern California.

## Career

McFerrin's first recorded work, the self-titled album Bobby McFerrin, was not produced until 1982, when he was 31 years old. Before that, he had spent six years developing his musical style, the first two years of which he attempted not to listen to other singers at all, in order to avoid sounding like they sounded. He was influenced by Keith Jarrett, who had achieved great success with a series of solo improvised piano concerts including The Köln Concert of 1975, and wanted to attempt something similar vocally.
In 1984, McFerrin performed at the Playboy Jazz Festival in Los Angeles as a sixth member of Herbie Hancock's VSOP II, sharing horn trio parts with the Marsalis brothers.
In 1986, McFerrin was the voice of Santa Bear in Santa Bear's First Christmas, and in 1987 he was the voice of Santa Bear/Bully Bear in the sequel Santa Bear's High Flying Adventure. On September 24 of that same year, he recorded the theme song for the opening credits of Season 4 of The Cosby Show.
In 1988, McFerrin recorded the song "Don't Worry, Be Happy", which became a hit and brought him widespread recognition across the world. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1988. The song's success "ended McFerrin's musical life as he had known it," and he began to pursue other musical possibilities on stage and in recording studios. The song was used as the official campaign song for George H. W. Bush in the 1988 U.S. presidential election, without McFerrin's permission or endorsement. In reaction, McFerrin publicly protested the use of his song, and said that he was going to vote against Bush. He also dropped the song from his own performance repertoire.
In 1989, McFerrin composed and performed the music for the Pixar short film Knick Knack. The rough cut to which he recorded his vocals had the words "blah blah blah" in place of the end credits (meant to indicate that he should improvise). He decided to sing "blah blah blah" as lyrics, and the final version of the short film includes these lyrics during the end credits. Also in 1989, he formed a ten-person "Voicestra" which he featured on both his 1990 album Medicine Music and in the score to the 1989 Oscar-winning documentary Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt.
Around 1992, an urban legend began that McFerrin had committed suicide; it has been suggested that the false story spread because people enjoyed the irony of a man known for the positive message of "Don't Worry, Be Happy" suffering from depression in real life.
In 1993, he sang Henry Mancini's "Pink Panther Theme" for the 1993 comedy film Son of the Pink Panther.
In addition to his vocal performing career, in 1994, McFerrin was appointed as creative chair of the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra. He makes regular tours as a guest conductor for symphony orchestras throughout the United States and Canada, including the San Francisco Symphony (on his 40th birthday), the New York Philharmonic, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the London Philharmonic, the Vienna Philharmonic and many others. In McFerrin's concert appearances, he combines serious conducting of classical pieces with his own vocal improvisations, often with participation from the audience and the orchestra. For example, the concerts often end with McFerrin conducting the orchestra in an a cappella rendition of the "William Tell Overture," in which the orchestra members sing their musical parts in McFerrin's vocal style instead of playing their parts on their instruments.
For a few years in the late 1990s, McFerrin toured a concert version of Porgy and Bess. He said that his production was partly in honor of his father, who sang the role for Sidney Poitier in the 1959 film version, and partly "to preserve the score's jazziness" in the face of "largely white orchestras" who tend not "to play around the bar lines, to stretch and bend".
McFerrin also participates in various music education programs and makes volunteer appearances as a guest music teacher and lecturer at public schools throughout the U.S. He has collaborated with his son, Taylor, on various musical ventures.
In July 2003, McFerrin was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music during the Umbria Jazz Festival where he conducted two days of clinics.
In 2009, McFerrin and psychologist Daniel Levitin hosted The Music Instinct, a two-hour documentary produced by PBS and based on Levitin's best-selling book This Is Your Brain on Music. Later that year, the two appeared together on a panel at the World Science Festival.
McFerrin was given a lifetime achievement award at the A Cappella Music Awards on May 19, 2018. He received the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters award on August 20, 2020.
McFerrin was honored with the Grammy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in 2022. This award is given to "performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording."

## Personal life

McFerrin is married to Debbie Green and has three children; musicians Taylor and Madison, and actor Jevon.
In an interview with Daniel Levitin, McFerrin revealed that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, prompting him to sell his home in rural Pennsylvania and move to San Francisco.

## Vocal technique

As a vocalist, McFerrin often switches rapidly between modal and falsetto registers to create polyphonic effects, performing both the main melody and the accompanying parts of songs. He makes use of percussive effects created both with his mouth and by tapping on his chest. He is also capable of multiphonic singing.
A document of McFerrin's approach to singing is his 1984 album The Voice, the first solo vocal jazz album recorded with no accompaniment or overdubbing.

## Discography
### As leader
#### Studio albums

| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Record label |
| Year | Album | US | US R&B | US Jazz | US Cont. Jazz | AUS | UK | Record label |
| 1982 | Bobby McFerrin | — | — | 41 | — | — | — | Elektra/Musician |
| 1984 | The Voice | — | — | 24 | — | — | — | Elektra/Musician |
| 1986 | Spontaneous Inventions | 103 | 62 | 6 | 2 | — | — | Blue Note |
| 1988 | Simple Pleasures | 5 | 12 | — | 1 | 26 | 92 | EMI |
| 1990 | Medicine Music | 146 | — | — | 2 | — | — | EMI |
| 1992 | Play (with Chick Corea) | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | Blue Note |
| 1992 | Hush (with Yo-Yo Ma) | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sony Masterworks |
| 1995 | Bang!Zoom | — | — | — | 10 | — | — | Blue Note |
| 1995 | Paper Music | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sony Classical |
| 1996 | The Mozart Sessions (with Chick Corea) | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sony Classical |
| 1997 | Circlesongs | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sony Classical |
| 2002 | Beyond Words | — | — | — | 5 | — | — | Blue Note |
| 2010 | Vocabularies | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | EmArcy |
| 2013 | Spirityouall | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sony Masterworks |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. |||||||||

#### Singles

| Year | Song | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Year | Song | US Hot 100 | US Adult | US R&B | AUS | CAN | UK | Certifications |
| 1982 | "Moondance / Jubilee" | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| 1982 | "You've Really Got a Hold on Me" (with Phoebe Snow) | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| 1988 | "Don't Worry, Be Happy" | 1 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | RIAA: Gold ARIA: Platinum BPI: Gold |
| 1988 | "Thinkin' About Your Body" | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 46 | |
| 1988 | "Good Lovin'" | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| 1990 | "The Garden" | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. |||||||||

### As sideman

* Laurie Anderson, Strange Angels, 1989
* Chick Corea, Rendezvous in New York, 2003
* Jack DeJohnette, Extra Special Edition (Blue Note, 1994)
* En Vogue, Masterpiece Theatre, 2000
* Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, Little Worlds, 2003
* Chico Freeman, Tangents, 1984
* Gal Costa, The Laziest Gal in Town, 1991
* Dizzy Gillespie, Bird Songs: The Final Recordings (Telarc, 1992)
* Dizzy Gillespie, To Bird with Love (Telarc, 1992)
* Herbie Hancock, Round Midnight, 1986
* Michael Hedges, Watching My Life Go By, 1985
* Al Jarreau, Heart's Horizon, 1988
* Quincy Jones, Back on the Block, 1989
* Charles Lloyd Quartet, A Night in Copenhagen (Blue Note, 1984)
* The Manhattan Transfer, Vocalese, 1985
* Wynton Marsalis, The Magic Hour, 2004
* George Martin, In My Life, 1998
* W.A. Mathieu, Available Light, 1987
* Modern Jazz Quartet, MJQ & Friends: A 40th Anniversary Celebration (Atlantic, 1994)
* Pharoah Sanders, Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
* Grover Washington Jr., The Best Is Yet to Come, 1982
* Weather Report, Sportin' Life, 1985
* Yellowjackets, Dreamland, 1995
* Joe Zawinul, Di•a•lects, 1986

## Grammy Awards

* 1985, Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male for "Another Night in Tunisia" with Jon Hendricks from the album Vocalese.
* 1985, Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices, "Another Night in Tunisia" with Cheryl Bentyne.
* 1986, Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male, "Round Midnight" from the soundtrack album Round Midnight.
* 1987, Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male, "What Is This Thing Called Love" from the album The Other Side of Round Midnight with Herbie Hancock.
* 1987, Best Recording for Children, "The Elephant's Child" with Jack Nicholson.
* 1988, Song of the Year, "Don't Worry, Be Happy" from the album Simple Pleasures.
* 1988, Record of the Year, "Don't Worry, Be Happy" from the album Simple Pleasures.
* 1988, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, "Don't Worry, Be Happy" from the album Simple Pleasures.
* 1988, Best Jazz Vocal Performance, "Brothers" from the album Duets by Rob Wasserman.
* 1992, Best Jazz Vocal Performance, "Round Midnight" from the album Play.
* 2023, Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award