OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Árni Þór Sigurðsson

Árni Þór Sigurðsson (born 30 July 1960) is an Icelandic diplomat and former member of the Althing. He is temporarily the Chairman of the Special Executive Committee for Grindavik Affairs, that was established to address the challenges faced by the town of Grindavík due to recent seismic activities, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. He is on leave from the Foreign Service and has previously served as ambassador of Iceland to Denmark, to Finland, and to the Russian Federation.

## Career

Árni Þór received a cand.mag. degree in Economics and Russian from the University of Oslo in 1986 and subsequently pursued graduate studies in Slavic languages at the University of Stockholm and the University of Moscow. He received a master's degree in international relations from the University of Iceland in 2015.
From the early 1990s until his election to the Althing in 2007, he served in various roles at the Icelandic Teachers' Union, the Icelandic Ports Association, and on the Reykjavík City Council.
At the Althing, Árni Þór represented Reykjavík Constituency North as a member of the Left-Green Movement until 2014. He served on a variety of committees and chaired the Foreign Affairs Committee from 2009 to 2013 and the Parliamentary Delegation to European Free Trade Association from 2009 to 2013. He co-chaired the Iceland-EU Joint Parliamentary Committee and was a delegate to the Nordic Council from 2010 to 2013 where he chaired the Standing Committee of Culture and Education. He was Deputy Speaker of the Althing twice in 2009-2010 and 2012–2013. He was chair, vice-chair, or acting chair of the Left-Green Movement's parliamentary group from 2009 to 2012.
Árni Þór was appointed to the Icelandic foreign service in 2014. From 2015 he was Ambassador for Arctic Affairs, representing Iceland in the Arctic Council and from 2018 he was Iceland's Ambassador to Finland, also accredited to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine. He became Ambassador to Russia in 2020.
He has been decorated a Commander of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
Shortly after the closure of Iceland's embassy in Moscow in 2023, Árni Þór became Ambassador to Denmark.

## Klaustur Affair

During the Klaustur Affair, it was revealed that Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson had appointed Árni Þór as an ambassador in order to draw attention away from Geir Haarde, whose simultaneous appointment was a political favour to the Independence Party.
Árni Þór responded with a public statement emphasizing that his experience made him a good candidate for the role.

## Personal life

Árni Þór was born in Reykjavík. He and his wife Sigurbjörg Þorsteinsdóttir have three children.
# Mario Llanos

Mario Llanos Méndez (born 5 April 1989) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a defender.

## Teams

* Deportivo Pereira 2008–2010
* América de Cali 2010–2011
* Independiente Santa Fe 2011
* Deportivo Pereira 2012
* Metz 2012
* Curicó Unido 2013
* Békéscsaba 2013
* Deportivo Pereira 2013
* Tauro 2016
* Sporting San Miguelito 2017
* Alianza 2017

## Titles

* América de Cali 2011 (Copa Cafam)
# Jettie Fokkens

Jettie Fokkens (born (1975-09-26)26 September 1975) is a retired Dutch volleyball and beach volleyball player.
She was part of the Netherlands women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan. In 2003, she played beach volleyball together with Mered de Vries.
# Armorial of dependent territories

This gallery shows the coat of arms (or an emblem serving a similar purpose) of each of the Dependent territories in the list of countries.

## Australia
### External territories

* Coat of arms of Norfolk Island

## Chile

* Emblem of Easter Island
* Coat of arms of the Juan Fernández Islands

## People's Republic of China
### Special Administrative Regions

* Emblem of Hong Kong
* Emblem of Macau

## Denmark
### Autonomous Countries

* Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands
* Coat of arms of Greenland

## Finland
### Autonomous Region

* Coat of arms of Åland

## France
### Overseas departments

* Coat of arms of French Guiana
* Coat of arms of Guadeloupe (unofficial)
* Coat of arms of Martinique (unofficial, controversial)
* Coat of arms of Mayotte
* Coat of arms of Réunion

### Overseas collectivities and territories

* Coat of arms of French Polynesia
* Coat of arms of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
* Emblem of New Caledonia
* Coat of arms of Saint Barthélemy
* Coat of arms of Saint Martin
* Coat of arms of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* Coat of arms of Wallis and Futuna (unofficial)

## Netherlands
### Self-governing constituent countries (Overseas)

* Coat of arms of Aruba
* Coat of arms of Curaçao
* Coat of arms of Sint Maarten

### Public Bodies

* Coat of arms of Bonaire
* Coat of arms of Saba
* Coat of arms of Sint Eustatius

## New Zealand
### Associated countries

* Coat of arms of the Cook Islands
* Public seal of Niue

### Territories

* National Badge of Tokelau

## Philippines

* Seal of Bangsamoro

## Portugal
### Autonomous regions

* Coat of Arms of the Azores
* Coat of Arms of Madeira

## Spain
### Autonomous cities

* Coat of Arms of Ceuta
* Coat of Arms of Melilla

### Autonomous communities

* Coat of Arms of Canary Islands

### Plazas de soberanía

* Coat of arms of the Chafarinas Islands

## United Kingdom
### Crown Dependencies

* Coat of arms of Guernsey
* Coat of arms of Alderney (part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey)
* Coat of arms of Herm (part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey)
* Coat of arms of Sark (part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey)
* Coat of arms of Jersey
* Coat of arms of the Isle of Man

### Overseas Territories

* Coat of arms of Anguilla
* Coat of arms of Ascension Island
* Coat of arms of Bermuda
* Coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory
* Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory
* Coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands
* Coat of arms of the Cayman Islands
* Coat of arms of the Falkland Islands
* Coat of arms of Gibraltar
* Coat of arms of Montserrat
* Coat of arms of the Pitcairn Islands
* Coat of arms of Saint Helena
* Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Coat of arms of Tristan da Cunha
* Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands

## United States
### Unincorporated territories

* Seal of American Samoa
* Seal of the American Virgin Islands
* Seal of Guam
* Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands
* Coat of arms of Puerto Rico
* Great Seal of Puerto Rico
# Wólka Tarnowska-Osada

Wólka Tarnowska-Osada is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbica, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Quinsy Gario

Quinsy Gario (born 1984) is a Curaçaoan activist and artist. He is a prominent opponent of the Dutch tradition of Zwarte Piet. Gario was born in Curaçao and raised in St Maarten before moving to the Netherlands. He created the project Zwarte Piet is Racisme (Black Pete is Racism) about Zwarte Piet. In 2011 he was arrested for public disturbance at the traditional annual Sinterklaas festival where he was protesting against the use of Zwarte Piet. He appeared on a national television talk show in 2013 "to make his case" which was part of a series of events in October that The Economist says "polaris[ed] cultural life and dragging in celebrities, politicians, and even the UN" and "changed Zwarte Piet". For many, even if a year ago he was not a symbol of Dutch racism, he is now."
For the 2021 Dutch general election, it was announced Gario would stand as a candidate for the BIJ1 party on second place on the party list after Sylvana Simons. However, only Simons was elected to the House of Representatives. In July 2021, Gario was suspended from BIJ1 after being accused of "manipulative, disrespectful and toxic behavior" by the party executive board in what was described as part of a series of internal issues within the party. Gario later quit BIJ1.
His brother, Jörgen Gario, is also an artist.
# SuperDot

SuperDot was the electronic system used by the New York Stock Exchange to route market orders and limit orders from investors or their agents to a specialist located on the floor of the exchange. SuperDot was the upgraded form of the previous electronic system used to route orders, known as the Designated Order Turnaround (DOT) system. Since 1976, most of the orders in NYSE had been transmitting electronically to specialists screens over the DOT or via the upgraded SuperDot. In 2009, SuperDOT was replaced by the new NYSE Super Display Book system (SDBK) for processing orders. In 2012, Display Book was replaced by Universal Trading Platform (UTP).
The user, either an investor or a broker, used to enter the order into the system, which immediately reached the specialist to be executed. The users received a confirmation report of the transaction in real time, once the order was executed. Most individual investors never had direct access to the SuperDot system. However, they indirectly utilized the system through software or online services offered by brokerages that in turn placed the client orders into the SuperDot.
# Allen James Babcock

Allen James Babcock (June 17, 1898 – June 27, 1969) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the seventh Bishop of Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1954 to 1969.

## Biography
### Early life

Babcock was born on June 17, 1898, in Bad Axe, Michigan to Willard Babcock and Susan Ryan. He attended the University of Detroit Jesuit High School in Detroit, then in 1917 entered Assumption College in Windsor, Ontario, studying there until 1919.
In 1920, Babcock traveled to Rome to reside at the Pontifical North American College. He received a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree in 1922 and a Licentiate of Sacred Theology in 1924 from the Propaganda Fide University in Rome.

### Priesthood

Babcock was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of Detroit by Cardinal Basilio Pompilj in Rome for the Archdiocese of Detroit on March 7, 1925. After returning to Detroit, Babcock was assigned as assistant pastor at Holy Name Parish in that city. He was transferred in 1928 to serve as assistant pastor at St. Thomas Parish in Ann Arbor, Michigan. At the same time, he was appointed chaplain at the St. Mary's Student Parish next to the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor.
Babcock returned to Rome in 1936 to serve as vice rector for the North American College. Pope Piux XII honored him in 1938 with the title of papal chamberlain, allowing him to be called monsignor. (also March 9, 1939). With the closing of the North American College in 1940 due to World War II, Babcock came back to the United States; he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's parish in Ann Arbor. In 1942, Babcock was appointed rector of Blessed Sacrament in Detroit.

### Auxiliary Bishop of Detroit

On February 15, 1947, Babcock was appointed as an auxiliary bishop of Detroit and titular bishop of Irenopolis in Cilicia by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on March 25, 1947, from Cardinal Edward Mooney, with Bishops William Murphy and Stephen Woznicki serving as co-consecrators. Later that year, Babcock was appointed as vicar for the religious orders in the archdiocese and was named a domestic prelate by the pope. In 1948, he became a consultor for the archdiocese.

### Bishop of Grand Rapids

On March 23, 1954, Pope Pius XII appointed Babcock as bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids. He was installed on May 20, 1954. Babcock attended the Second Vatican Council in Rome (1962–1965).

### Death and legacy

Allen Babcock died of cancer on June 27, 1969, at St. Mary's Hospital in Grand Rapids at age 71.
# Teina Clark

Teina Clark (born 27 October 1988) is a New Zealand-born Australian rugby league footballer who plays for the Wentworthville Magpies in the NSWRL Women's Premiership.
She is an Australian and New South Wales representative and played for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL Women's Premiership.

## Playing career

Born in Ngaruawahia, New Zealand, Clark played her junior rugby league for Turangawaewae before moving to Australia.
In 2006, Clark made her debut for New South Wales. In 2007, she made her debut for Australia. In 2008, she represented Australia at the World Cup.
In 2013, Clark switched her international allegiance to her native New Zealand and was selected in the Kiwi Ferns squad for the 2013 Women's Rugby League World Cup. 24 hours before flying to England for the tournament, Clark was suspended by the NSWRL for six months after an incident with former professional boxer Lauryn Eagle during a club match in the Illawarra competition.
In 2014, she returned to rugby league with the Canley Heights Dragons and was selected to represent New South Wales.
In 2018, she joined the St George Illawarra Dragons for the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership season, playing three games. In May 2019, she represented NSW City at the Women's National Championships.
In 2019, she joined the Wentworthville Magpies in the NSWRL Women's Premiership.
# United States v. Le Baron

United States v. Le Baron, 60 U.S. 73 (1856), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the court held that an officer of the United States is appointed to his office when his commission is signed and seal by the President. The failure of the officeholder to receive such commission does not invalidate the appointment.
# Mel Stewart (bowls)

Melvyn Stewart is a former Hong Kong international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Stewart has represented Hong Kong at two Commonwealth Games; in the fours event at the 1990 Commonwealth Games and in the fours event at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
He won five medals at the Asia Pacific Bowls Championships, including a gold medal with David Tso and George Souza Jr. in the 1991 triples at Kowloon.
# Dillon v. Gloss

Dillon v. Gloss, 256 U.S. 368 (1921), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Congress, when proposing a constitutional amendment under the authority given to it by Article V of the Constitution, may fix a definite period for its ratification, and further, that a seven-year period, such as that fixed by Congress in the resolution proposing the Eighteenth Amendment, is reasonable.
Additionally, the Court, upon taking judicial notice that the Eighteenth Amendment became a part of the Constitution on January 16, 1919, when its ratification in the state legislatures was consummated, held that the National Prohibition Act, known informally as the Volstead Act, entered into force on January 16, 1920.

## Background

Dillon had been arrested pursuant to the National Prohibition Act, title 2, § 3, and was in custody under § 26. He was denied his petition for a writ of habeas corpus, and appealed the denial. Dillon claimed that the Eighteenth Amendment, which Title 2 of the act was adopted to enforce, was invalid, because the Congress, in declaring that it should be inoperative unless ratified within seven years, had acted outside its constitutional authority; and, secondly, that, in any event, the law he was charged with violating, and under which he was arrested, had not gone into effect at the time of the asserted violation nor at the time of his arrest on January 17, 1920.

## Syllabus

* Article V of the Constitution implies that amendments submitted thereunder must be ratified, if at all, within some reasonable time after their proposal. This was modified in 1939 by Coleman v. Miller, which ruled that proposed amendments with no specified expiration pend ratification before the States indefinitely.
* Under Article V, Congress, in proposing an amendment, may fix a reasonable time for its ratification.
* The period of seven years, fixed by Congress in the resolution proposing the Eighteenth Amendment was reasonable.
* The Eighteenth Amendment became a part of the Constitution on January 16, 1919, when, as the Court notices judicially, its ratification in the state legislatures was consummated, not on January 29, 1919, when the ratification was proclaimed by the Secretary of State.
* As the Eighteenth Amendment, by its own terms, was to go into effect one year after being ratified, §§ 3 and 26, Title II, of the National Prohibition Act, which, by § 21, Title III, were to be in force from and after the effective date of the Amendment, were in force on January 16, 1920. P. 256 U. S. 376.
The lower court's ruling was upheld.
# List of business and trade associations of the United Kingdom

This is a list of business and trade associations based in the United Kingdom. These organisations generally aim to promote and support their respective industries or professions, including advocacy, networking, professional development, and standards-setting.

## General Business Associations

* British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) - A national representative body for accredited Chambers of Commerce across the UK, supporting and lobbying on behalf of businesses of all sizes and sectors.
* Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - An organisation that speaks on behalf of 190,000 businesses, including 140 trade associations. It provides lobbying, advice, and networking opportunities.
* Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) - An organisation advocating for small businesses and the self-employed in the UK.
* Institute of Directors (IoD) - A UK-based organisation providing support and advocacy for directors and business leaders.
* Make UK (previously EEF) - Represents manufacturers and businesses in the engineering sector.
* British Retail Consortium (BRC) - The leading trade association for UK retail businesses.

## Industry-specific Associations

* TechUK - Represents companies in the cyber technology sector.
* UK Finance - The trade association for the UK banking and financial services sector.
* Oil & Gas UK (OGUK) - Represents the UK offshore oil and gas industry.
* RenewableUK - Represents companies in the wind and marine energy industries.
* Association of British Insurers (ABI) - Represents companies in the insurance sector.
* The Publishers Association - Represents book, journal, audio and electronic publishers in the UK.
* Construction Industry Council (CIC) - Represents professionals in the built environment sector.
* Mineral Products Association - Represents the minerals and mineral products sector.

## Professional Associations

* Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) - The professional body for experts in people at work.
* The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) - The world's leading professional marketing body.
* Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) - The world's largest professional body of management accountants.
* The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) - The world's leading professional body for qualifications and standards in land, property, infrastructure and construction.
# Odontomachus haematodus

Odontomachus haematodus is a species of trapjaw ant commonly referred to as two-spined trapjaw ant native to South America. It has since been introduced into the United States. The species typically nests in rotting wood, although in certain places the ant can nest within plants such as Aechmea aquilega. Workers forage both during the day and nocturnally, relying on the fast snapping of their jaws. It is a known predator of Thoropa taophora tadpoles.
# Wólka Zastawska

Wólka Zastawska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stanin, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Stanin, 13 km (8 mi) west of Łuków, and 81 km (50 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# Oscar Hammerstein II Farm

The Oscar Hammerstein II Farm, also known as the Highland Farm, is an historic home and farm complex that is located in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## History and architectural features

The farmhouse was built in 1840, and is a three-story, three-bay, stuccoed masonry residence with a hipped roof. It features a one-story wraparound porch. A decorative balustrade was added in 1954. Also located on the property is a contributing bank barn.
Lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960) purchased the farm in 1940 and died there on August 23, 1960.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Mirka Andolfo

Mirka Andolfo (born 17 June 1989) is an Italian comics artist from Naples and creator of the comic book Sweet Paprika which won the Harvey Award for Best International Book of 2021. Andolfo has worked with numerous major comic book publishers including DC Comics and BOOM! Studios, contributing to well-known titles such as Wonder Woman, The Amazing World of Gumball, and Ms. Marvel.

## Biography
### Career

In 2015, Andolfo began working with DC comics. She has worked on a number of series, including Hex Wives, Wonder Woman and Harley Quinn.
Working with BOOM! Studios, Andolfo created the cover art for and contributed to the writing of The Amazing World of Gumball: Spring Break Smash in 2019. Matt Gagnon, Editor in Chief at BOOM! Studios, stated that she 'has distinguished herself as one of the most popular writers and artists in comics today.'
She has also worked with Marvel Studios as an artist. Andolfo illustrated the cover of the final issue of the Magnificent Ms. Marvel comic series in 2021.
Andolfo's 2021 comic book Sweet Paprika received international acclaim, winning the Harvey Award for Best International Book of 2021. The second volume in the series sold out at a distribution level one day after release. An animated project based on this comic series is being developed.

## Selected works

* Andolfo, Mirka (2016). Contronatura, Vol. 1: Il risveglio [Unnatural, Vol. 1: Awakening] (in Italian). Panini Comics. ISBN 9788891223586.
* Andolfo, Mirka (2017). Contronatura, Vol. 2: La caccia [Unnatural, Vol. 2: The Hunt] (in Italian). Panini Comics. ISBN 9781534310667.
* Andolfo, Mirka (2018). Contronatura, Vol. 3: La rinascita [Unnatural, Vol. 3: Rebirth] (in Italian). Panini Comics. ISBN 9781534313279.
* Andolfo, Mirka (2021). Sweet Paprika, Vol. 1 (in Italian). Star Comics. ISBN 9788822623720.
* Andolfo, Mirka (2021). Hot Paprika, Vol. 2 (in Italian). Star Comics. ISBN 9788822626912.
* Andolfo, Mirka (2022). Hot Paprika, Vol. 3 (in Italian). Star Comics. ISBN 9788822632883.
# Wólka Łabuńska

Wólka Łabuńska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łabunie, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Łabunie, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Zamość, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.