OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charter Oak Place

Charter Oak Place is a street on the south side of downtown Hartford, Connecticut. Laid out in the 1860s, its residential character is in marked contrast to the commercial development that predominates around it. The street's buildings, constructed between the early 1860s and 1900, are a cross-section of Victorian architectural styles. The entire length of the street is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Description and history

Charter Oak Place is located on the southern fringe of Hartford's downtown area. Its northern end is on Charter Oak Avenue between Main Street and Popieluszko Court, and its southern end is on Wyllys Street. It may be seen to continue as S. Prospect Street to the north and Groton Street to the south. It is a relatively narrow road, but is lined by trees and represents a quiet urban residential enclave in an otherwise more densely built area. The buildings which line the street are all residential, containing either one or two housing units. The majority of buildings are brick and 2-1/2 or 3 stories in height. Stylistically they are diverse, including examples of Italianate, Second Empire, Romanesque, and Queen Anne Victorian styles. Three of the houses at the southern end are wood frame structures. Some of the properties have a carriage house in the rear.
The area that became Charter Oak Place was a country estate in the mid-19th century. Charter Oak Place was informally laid out about 1857, and development proceeded from the 1860s until about 1900. The urban density of the relatively high quality construction and upper class focus is somewhat unusual for Hartford, because most of the city's upper class were during the late 19th century moving to more suburban settings, in neighborhoods such as Clay-Arsenal north of the downtown. Charter Oak Place was populated by merchants, judges, and skilled craftsmen. One notable resident of the street was Richard Jordan Gatling, inventor of the Gatling gun.
# George W. Barber (politician)

George W. Barber (c. 1831–1870s) was an American carpenter, farmer and state legislator who served in the South Carolina State Senate during the Reconstruction era from 1868 until 1872.

## Biography

Barber was born enslaved in South Carolina in 1831. He has been listed as a farmer and a carpenter.
He was elected to the South Carolina State Senate in 1868 and served until 1872 representing Fairfield County as a Republican. He lost the nomination to run again for the senate in September 1872 with Sanders Ford standing in his place, he instead was put on the ticket to run for representative.
He was also the commissioner of elections in 1870 for Fairfield along with N. G. Dunlap and Samuel Simpson. The same year he was listed in the census as owning real estate worth $600 with an additional $150 worth of personal property.
Barber was threatened by the Ku Klux Klan in May 1871 when they posted in the paper demands that he along with seven others resign from office. This caused him to temporarily leave his home in fear and move to Columbia, South Carolina before later returning.
He was a delegate at the Radical State Convention in August 1872, representing Fairfield County along with L.W. Duvall and T. J. Minton.
He continued in politics for a while and in August 1874 he was chair of a republican meeting in Winnsboro and again chair in August 1875 for a meeting on the next election. However by October 20, 1875 he had become "disgusted" with politics and returned to carpentry.
His wife was listed in the 1880 United States census as being a widow, so he died sometime between October 1875 and June 1880. his kids were listed in 1890 US census
# Williams v. Illinois

Williams v. Illinois, 399 U.S. 235 (1970), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, if a person cannot afford to pay a fine, it violates the Equal Protection Clause to convert that unpaid fine into jail time to extend a person's incarceration beyond a statutory maximum length.
The syllabus of the case stated:
   Appellant was given the maximum sentence for petty theft under Illinois law of one year' imprisonment and a $500 fine, plus $5 in court costs. The judgment, as permitted by statute, provided that, if, when the one-year sentence expired, he did not pay the monetary obligation, he had to remain in jail to work them off at the rate of $5 a day. While in jail, appellant, alleging indigency, unsuccessfully petitioned the sentencing judge to vacate that portion of the order confining him to jail after the sentence expired, because of nonpayment of the fine and cost. The Illinois Supreme Court rejected appellant's claim that the State statutory provision constituted discriminatory treatment against those unable to pay a fine and court costs, and affirmed the lower court's dismissal of appellant's petition, holding that "there is no denial of equal protection of the law when an indigent defendant is imprisoned to satisfy payment of the fine".
   Held: Though a State has considerable latitude in fixing the punishment for state crime, and may impose alternative sanction, it may not, under the Equal Protection Clause, subject a certain class of convicted defendants to a period of Imprisonment beyond the statutory maximum solely by reason of their indigency. Pp. 399 U. S. 239-245. 41 Ill. 2d 511, 244 N.E.2d 197, vacated and remanded.
A companion case, Morris v. Schoonfield, was "remanded for reconsideration in light of intervening Maryland legislation and decision in Williams".
# Executive Order 14224

Executive Order 14224, titled Designating English as the Official Language of the United States, is an executive order signed by Donald Trump on March 1, 2025. It designates English as the official language of the United States.
# Aerospace Data Facility-East

Aerospace Data Facility-East (ADF-E), also known as Area 58 and formerly known as Defense Communications Electronics Evaluation and Testing Activity (DCEETA), is one of three satellite ground stations operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) in the continental United States. Located within Fort Belvoir, Virginia, the facility is responsible for the command and control of reconnaissance satellites involved in the collection of intelligence information and for the dissemination of that intelligence to other U.S. government agencies.

## Function

ADF East is co-located with elements of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the agency responsible for the operation of the U.S. space-based imagery constellation. Authors James Bamford and Jeffrey Richelson report that the site manages the KH-11 imagery spacecraft and the Lacrosse radar imaging spacecraft. NASA engineer Ken Young, who visited the site as part of a plan for KH-11 to photograph STS-1, described its equipment as far more sophisticated than at his agency.

## History
### First use

The first documented use of material downloaded at ADF East was on January 21, 1977, when the acting director of Central Intelligence E. Henry Knoche delivered reconnaissance satellite photographs that had been downloaded at ADF East to U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

### Y2K

On the morning of January 1, 2000, ADF East experienced a technical glitch caused by the Y2K bug, which resulted in the facility being temporarily unable to capture any more than 70 percent of its planned imagery satellite coverage. At a press conference on January 4, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense John Hamre stated, "The problem wasn't with the satellite system – they were under positive control at all times. The problem was on the ground in the processing station."

### Declassification

On October 15, 2008, the NRO declassified its three Mission Ground Stations: ADF-East, ADF-Colorado, and ADF-Southwest.

## List of commanders

* Col B. Edwin Wilson, September 2006 – April 2008
* Col Anthony J. Cotton, April 2008 – July 2019
* Col Todd J. Benson, July 2019 – July 2021
* Col Nicholas Martin
# Mumbles Battery

Mumbles Battery is a coastal battery situated on the north coast of the Bristol Channel, overlooking Swansea. It was built around the base of the Mumbles Lighthouse as part of a network of Palmerston Forts which was established in response to fears of French invasion, and was designed to protect Swansea Bay.
History and Construction
Construction of the battery began in 1859 and was completed by 1861 at a cost of £8,760.
During the Second World War the defences of the Bristol Channel were increased significantly. In 1940 the two 4.7-inch guns were operated by soldiers from the 531st (Glamorgan) Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery. Well before the end of the war, as the German threat decreased, the battery was placed into care and maintenance.
The battery was declared surplus to requirements in 1956 upon the dissolution of the UK's coast artillery. The guns were dismounted and the battery disposed of.
# Hillesley and Tresham

Hillesley and Tresham is a civil parish in the Stroud District of Gloucestershire, England. It had a population of 591 according to the 2001 census, decreasing to 391 at the 2011 census. The parish contains the villages of Hillesley and Tresham. The Lyvett (Levett) family, an Anglo-Norman family prominent in Sussex, were lords of the manor of Hillesley in 12th and 13th centuries. The family also held Boxwell, Chipping Sodbury and other places in Gloucestershire.
The parish was formed in 1991 from part of the Hawkesbury parish in the Northavon district of Avon, which was transferred to Stroud District in Gloucestershire at the time. Between 1935 and 1971, as part of Hawkesbury parish, Hillesley and Tresham formed part of Sodbury Rural District in Gloucestershire.
# John Reyly

Colonel John Reyly (sometimes spelt John Reilly) (c. 1646 – 17 February 1717) was elected Knight of the Shire or MP for the County Cavan, in the Patriot Parliament.

## Biography

He was the eldest son of Maelmora (Myles) O'Reilly and Catherine O'Reilly, daughter of Colonel Charles O'Reilly of County Leitrim. He seems to have been the first of the O'Reilly clan to have dropped the prefix "O" before the surname. He was described in 1713 as being formerly of Clonlyn, County Cavan, but as of then of Ballymacadd, County Meath and of Garryrocock, County Cavan (now the townland of Roebuck, parish of Kilbride, Barony of Clanmahon).
He married Margaret, daughter of Owen O'Reilly, Esq., by whom he had five sons and two daughters. The sons were, 1. Captain Conor, who died without issue in May 1723; 2. Myles Reilly, of the city of Dublin, merchant; 3. Brian Reilly; 4. Luke Reilly; 5. Thomas Reilly.
He died on 17 February 1717, and is buried in the old church of Kill, in the parish of Crosserlough, barony of Castlerahan, County Cavan, in a tomb bearing his family arms, which was still in good preservation in 1836. His grandson Alejandro O'Reilly distinguished himself in the Spanish army as one of the Wild Geese whose Catholic religion prevented him from serving in the mid-eighteenth-century Anglo-Irish army.

## Military career

Colonel Reyly raised a regiment of dragoons at his own expense for the Irish army in the service of King James II and assisted at the Siege of Derry in 1689. He had two engagements with Colonel Wolseley, the commander of the garrison of Belturbet, whom he signally defeated. He fought at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 and the Battle of Aughrim in 1691. He was included in the articles of Treaty of Limerick of 1691, whereby he preserved his property, and was allowed to carry arms. According to An alphabetical List of the Names of such Persons of the Popish Religion, within the Kingdom of Ireland, who have Licenses to carry Arms, printed by Andrew Croke, printer to the Queen's most excellent Majesty, in Copper Alley, Dublin, 1713, it appears that Lieutenant-Colonel John Ryley, late of Clonlyn, in the county of Cavan, now of Ballymacadd, in the county of Meath, and Garryrocock, in the county of Cavan, had license to carry "1 sword, 1 case of pistols, and 1 gunn".
# Conway Barbour

Conway Barbour (c. 1818–1876) was held as a slave, worked as a ship steward, became a businessman, and lawyer. He served as a state legislator in Arkansas and was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1871. Professor Victoria L. Harrison wrote the 2018 book Fight Like a Tiger: Conway Barbour and the Challenges of the Black Middle Class in Nineteenth-Century America published by Southern Illinois University Press about him.
A Republican, he represented Lafayette County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House.
He died in Lake Village, Arkansas.
# Prahlad Pur Bangar

Prahlad Pur Bangar is a Village located in Sector 31, Rohini, North West District in the Indian Union Territory of Delhi.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Prahlad Pur (Bangar) had a population of 10,548. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Prahlad Pur (Bangar) has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 60%. In Prahlad Pur (Bangar), 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. A famous Vaternity hospital in this area.

## History

Martyr Fighter 01st Martyr Fighter of Prahlad Pur village, Mr. Shri Kartar Singh Sindhu, batch no.2648550, 2 Grenadiers, laid supreme sacrifice of his life at the age of just 25 years in the Nathula Operation against China on 11th Sept 1967. His sacrifice has been recorded in National War Memorial, Delhi at 4C Row. The resident of Prahladpur Banger have great pride on his Supreme Sacrifice.
02nd Martyr Fighter of Prahlad Pur village, Shri Phulkumar Mann, was martyred in the Indian Army on the post of NCP on 29 July 1976 in the clash with Pakistan in Jammu and Kashmir by making the supreme sacrifice, the village will always remember his sacrifice.

## Education

School Govt Sarvodaya Bal Vidyalaya School Id - 131002, it was established in 1952. It is the oldest school in North West Delhi & now with a High class sports complex.

## Culture

Famous known grocery shop named - Panna Lal Shop is major part of the city. Famous Chemist shop is Mann Medicos and Naveen Medicos. Village also have a lot of dharam kantas example Shiv Dharam Kanta and Hanuman Dharam Kanta
Famous personality of village is Anil Mann world champion in wrestling and Ex Sarpanch Late Mr. Singhram Kaushik
And some tourist attractions are Devta wala temple (300 yrs Old); Old Shiv Mandir (200 yrs old);Kali Mata temple; Chotu Ram Park; Baba shaeb Ambadker Park some facts also say that this village has history of more than 800 years.
# William Hoyland

William Hoyland (10 November 1943 – 15 July 2017) was an English actor whose career spanned fifty years. He appeared in several British television series.

## Career

After a Quaker education at Leighton Park in Reading, Hoyland started out in a short film titled You're Human Like The Rest of Them in 1967. After several small roles in well-known series, such as "Budgie", Z-Cars and Coronation Street, he appeared in five episodes of the 1976 television mini-series Bill Brand, as Sandiford.
Two years later, he appeared in the 1978 All Creatures Great and Small episode "The Name of the Game" as Mr Blenkinsopp, the village's vicar. He reprised the role two episodes later in "Ways and Means".
Hoyland had a brief role in the 1981 Bond film For Your Eyes Only as McGregor, a military officer serving as caretaker of a classified device aboard the spy ship St. Georges. He also appeared in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi as Commander Igar. His character captured Luke Skywalker, and handed both the rebel and his lightsaber over to Darth Vader.
In addition to acting in over seventy productions in cinema and television, Hoyland was also a noted stage actor. In 1974, he joined the Joint Stock Theatre Company and found success playing Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel in Nuremberg and Donald Rumsfeld in Guantánamo: Honor Bound to Defend Freedom. In 2016, the year before his death, he acted in A Month of Sundays, a play written by Robert Larbey and set in an old folk's home.
In 1996, Hoyland again played an officer, this time Arthur Fieldson, in the mini-series Our Friends In The North. He went on to play a number of other officers, barristers and doctors in various productions past the turn of the century. In 2004 he appeared as Klaus Werner von Krupt in Hellboy. Later in life, he also had minor roles in Mr. Sloane and Call The Midwife. His last role, aired in the year of his death, was as a headmaster in the mini-series Man In An Orange Shirt.

## Personal life

Hoyland was born to Denys and Doreen Hoyland. He never knew his father, a Quaker who was training as a teacher when he was conscripted in World War II. He was killed in Italy.
He was married to Carole De Jong, his third wife, and had two children — musicians Martin and Tom — from his first marriage.

## Death

Hoyland was diagnosed with stomach cancer early in 2017. He died from the disease on 15 July, aged 73.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1971 | Assault | Chemist in hospital | |
| 1972 | The Ragman's Daughter | Borstal Barber | |
| 1972 | Adult Fun | Policeman in ice cream parlour | |
| 1981 | For Your Eyes Only | McGregor | |
| 1982 | Gandhi | Adjutant | |
| 1983 | Return of the Jedi | Commander Igar | uncredited |
| 1985 | Plenty | Priest | |
| 1989 | Resurrected | Captain Sinclair | |
| 1989 | Diamond Skulls | Inspector Orchard | |
| 1998 | Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon | Police Sergeant | |
| 2004 | Hellboy | Klaus Werner von Krupt | |
| 2006 | Scoop | Butler | |
| 2007 | A Mighty Heart | John Bauman | |
| 2013 | Still Life | Priest no.2 | |
# Balšić family tree

Family tree of the Balšić noble family
Paternal Balšić family members in bold.
# Water Man (novel)

Water Man is a 1993 novel by Australian novelist Roger McDonald.

## Plot summary

The "water man" of the book's title is a water diviner—or rather two water diviners: one working on an Australian station in 1939 and the other working the same property 50 years later. Events surrounding the first divining echo down the years to the second, when tensions left unresolved re-emerge and engulf a new set of characters.
# A Sawmill Hazard

A Sawmill Hazard is a 1913 American short silent film drama starring Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister.

## Cast

* Alice Hollister
* Earle Foxe
* Helen Lindroth
* Robert G. Vignola
* Miriam Cooper
# Item bank

An item bank or question bank is a repository of test items that belong to a testing program, as well as all information pertaining to those items. In

## Types of information

An item bank will not only include the text of each item, but also extensive information regarding test development and psychometric characteristics of the items. Examples of such information include:
* Item author
* Date written
* Item status (e.g., new, pilot, active, retired)
* Angoff ratings
* Correct answer
* Item format
* Classical test theory statistics
* Item response theory statistics
* Linkage to test blueprint
* Item history (e.g., usage date(s) and reviews)
* User-defined fields

## Item banking software

Because an item bank is essentially a simple database, it can be stored in database software or even a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel. However, there are several dozen commercially-available software programs specifically designed for item banking. The advantages that these provide are related to assessment. For example, items are presented on the computer screen as they would appear to a test examinee, and item response theory parameters can be translated into item response functions or information functions. Additionally, there are functionalities for publication, such as formatting a set of items to be printed as a paper-and-pencil test.
Some item banks also have test administration functionalities, such as being able to deliver e-assessment or process "bubble" answer sheets.

## Examples

In India the popular question bank is Oswaal Question Bank which covers all Indian board and competitive exam such as CBSE, CISCE, Pre-university course- State board and JEE, NEET, CLAT and CUET.
# Carmen Everts

Carmen Everts (born 12 April 1968 in Wilhelmshaven) is a German politician, political scientist and civil servant, a former member of the Parliament of Hesse for the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and an expert on political extremism. In 2009, she was appointed by the government of Hesse as head of department at the Hessian State Agency for Civic Education, responsible for research on the communist dictatorship in East Germany and demographic research.
Everts studied law and political science, and earned a doctoral degree in political science in 1999. In her doctoral thesis, she analyzed political extremism in the far-right party Die Republikaner (REP) and the far-left party Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (PDS, now Die Linke). Her doctoral supervisor was Eckhard Jesse.
Carmen Everts has been a member of the SPD since 1989, and was chair of the local party in Kreis Groß-Gerau from 2003 to 2008. She was employed by the SPD in Hesse from 1999 until her election to parliament, from 2003 as a scientific adviser to the parliamentary group of the SPD.
In the 2008 Hesse state election, she was elected to the Parliament of Hesse.
On 3 November 2008, Everts declared, together with fellow MPs Silke Tesch, Jürgen Walter and Dagmar Metzger, that she would not support Andrea Ypsilanti as Prime Minister of Hesse, in a planned election. Ypsilanti, chair of SPD in Hesse, was supposed to form a government with support of the leftist extremist party Die Linke, the successor of the East German communist party. Everts stated her decision was based on her aversion to the party Die Linke, which she said has "extremist" elements. She has criticized the party Die Linke of having a "divided, negative attitude towards democracy and the rule of law". Without the support of her parliamentary group, Ypsilanti gave up her bid to become Prime Minister, leading to new elections in 2009.
Carmen Everts did not run for another term as a member of parliament in the 2009 election. She returned to her job as a scientific adviser to the SPD parliamentary group, before she was appointed as head of department at the Hessian State Agency for Civic Education in 2009.
Everts went to school with Jürgen Walter, the former vice chair of SPD in Hesse.
In 2010, she left the SPD.

## Publications

* Politischer Extremismus. Theorie und Analyse am Beispiel der Parteien REP und PDS. Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-934479-24-3