# Arizona's 1st congressional district

Arizona's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona, covering northeastern Maricopa County. Before 2023, geographically, it was the eleventh-largest congressional district in the country and included much of the state outside the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. From 2013 through 2022, it also included the Navajo Nation, the Hopi reservation, and the Gila River Indian Community, with 25% of the population being Native American. At that time, the district had more Native Americans than any other congressional district in the United States. In the 2022 elections, David Schweikert was elected in the redefined district.
The new 1st district (as of 2023) includes northeast Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, and Fountain Hills. It is majority-white and is the wealthiest congressional district in Arizona.

## History

When Arizona was first divided into congressional districts as a result of the 1950 census, the 1st district comprised all of Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, while the rest of the state was in the 2nd district. In a mid-decade redistricting resulting from Wesberry v. Sanders in 1967, the 1st was cut back to eastern Phoenix and most of what became the East Valley.
Over the years, the 1st's share of Phoenix was gradually reduced due to the area's explosive growth in the second half of the 20th century. However, it remained based in the East Valley until Arizona picked up two seats in the 2000 U.S. census. The old 1st essentially became the 6th district, while a new 1st district was created to serve most of the state outside of Phoenix and Tucson.
After the 2012 redistricting, the Hopi reservation was drawn into the 1st district; it had previously been included within the 2nd district. Also included were some northern suburbs of Tucson that had been in the 8th, as well as a tiny section of Phoenix itself near the Gila River Indian Community. Meanwhile, heavily Republican Prescott, the old 1st's largest city, and much of surrounding Yavapai County were drawn into the new, heavily Republican 4th district. The district was now considered to be significantly more competitive for Democrats, who held the seat without interruption for a decade.
In the 2022 redistricting, this district essentially became the 2nd district, while the 1st was redrawn to cover most of the territory in the 6th district. It now covers Northeastern Maricopa County, east of I-17 and north of Az-202 along the Salt River. It includes the northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, Fountain Hills, Rio Verde, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. That district, in turn, had been the 4th district from 1973 to 2003, and then the 3rd district from 2003 to 2013.

### 2012–2021 areas covered

From 2012 to 2021, the district covered the entirety of the following counties:
* Apache County
* Coconino County
* Graham County
* Greenlee County
* Navajo County
The district covered the majority of:
* Pinal County
Small portions of the following counties were also covered:
* Gila County
* Maricopa County
* Mohave County
* Pima County
* Yavapai County

### 2023–2031 areas covered

Source:

#### Maricopa County (11)

    Carefree, Cave Creek, Fountain Hills, Mesa (part; also 4th and 5th), Paradise Valley, Phoenix (part; also 3rd, 4th, and 8th), Rio Verde, Scottsdale

## Recent election results from statewide races

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | McCain 56% - 43% |
| 2010 | Senate | McCain 64% - 30% |
| 2010 | Governor | Brewer 56% - 41% |
| 2010 | Secretary of State | Bennett 63% - 37% |
| 2010 | Attorney General | Horne 53% - 47% |
| 2010 | Treasurer | Ducey 57% - 37% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 59% - 41% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 49% - 45% |
| 2016 | Senate | McCain 58% - 37% |
| 2018 | Senate | Sinema 50% - 48% |
| 2018 | Governor | Ducey 58% - 41% |
| 2018 | Attorney General | Brnovich 54% - 46% |
| 2020 | President | Biden 50% - 49% |
| 2020 | Senate (Spec.) | Kelly 51% - 49% |
| 2022 | Senate | Kelly 52% - 46% |
| 2022 | Governor | Hobbs 52% - 48% |
| 2022 | Secretary of State | Fontes 54% - 46% |
| 2022 | Attorney General | Mayes 51% - 49% |
| 2022 | Treasurer | Yee 56% - 44% |
| 2024 | President | Trump 51% - 48% |
| 2024 | Senate | Gallego 52% - 47% |

## List of members representing the district

Arizona gained a second congressional seat after the 1940 census. It used a general ticket to elect its representatives until the 1948 elections, when candidates ran from each of the districts.
| Member | Party | Term | Cong ress | Electoral history | Geographical area |
| District created January 3, 1949 ||||||
| John R. Murdock (Tempe) | Democratic | January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953 | 81st 82nd | Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Lost re-election. | 1949–1967: Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix |
| John J. Rhodes Jr. (Mesa) | Republican | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1983 | 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th | Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Re-elected in 1972 Re-elected in 1974 Re-elected in 1976 Re-elected in 1978 Re-elected in 1980 Retired. | 1949–1967: Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix |
| John J. Rhodes Jr. (Mesa) | Republican | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1983 | 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th | Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Re-elected in 1972 Re-elected in 1974 Re-elected in 1976 Re-elected in 1978 Re-elected in 1980 Retired. | 1967–1983: Part of Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix |
| John McCain (Tempe) | Republican | January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987 | 98th 99th | Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) |
| John J. Rhodes III (Mesa) | Republican | January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1993 | 100th 101st 102nd | Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Lost re-election. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) |
| Sam Coppersmith (Phoenix) | Democratic | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | 103rd | Elected in 1992. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) |
| Matt Salmon (Mesa) | Republican | January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001 | 104th 105th 106th | Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired to run for Governor of Arizona. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) |
| Jeff Flake (Mesa) | Republican | January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | 107th | Elected in 2000. Redistricted to the 6th district. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) |
| Rick Renzi (Flagstaff) | Republican | January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2009 | 108th 109th 110th | Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Retired. | 2003–2013: North and East Arizona: Apache County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Yavapai County, and parts of Coconino County, Navajo County, and Pinal County |
| Ann Kirkpatrick (Flagstaff) | Democratic | January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011 | 111th | Elected in 2008. Lost re-election. | 2003–2013: North and East Arizona: Apache County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Yavapai County, and parts of Coconino County, Navajo County, and Pinal County |
| Paul Gosar (Flagstaff) | Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | 112th | Elected in 2010. Redistricted to the 4th district. | 2003–2013: North and East Arizona: Apache County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Yavapai County, and parts of Coconino County, Navajo County, and Pinal County |
| Ann Kirkpatrick (Flagstaff) | Democratic | January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2017 | 113th 114th | Elected again in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 2013–2023: Apache County, and parts of Coconino County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Maricopa County part Navajo County, Pima County, Pinal County |
| Tom O'Halleran (Sedona) | Democratic | January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2023 | 115th 116th 117th | Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Redistricted to the 2nd district and lost re-election. | 2013–2023: Apache County, and parts of Coconino County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Maricopa County part Navajo County, Pima County, Pinal County |
| David Schweikert (Fountain Hills) | Republican | January 3, 2023 – present | 118th 119th | Redistricted from the 6th district and re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2023–present: Northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, including Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, and Fountain Hills |

## Recent election results
### 2002

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Renzi | 85,967 | 49.2% |
| | Democratic | George Cordova | 79,730 | 45.6% |
| | Libertarian | Edwin Porr | 8,990 | 5.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,237 | 3.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 174,687 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2004

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Renzi (Incumbent) | 148,315 | 58.5% |
| | Democratic | Paul Babbitt | 91,776 | 36.2% |
| | Libertarian | John Crockett | 13,260 | 5.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 56,539 | 22.3% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 253,351 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2006

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2006 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rick Renzi (Incumbent) | 105,646 | 53.2% |
| | Democratic | Ellen Simon | 88,691 | 44.7% |
| | Libertarian | David Schlosser | 4,205 | 2.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,955 | 8.5% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 198,542 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2008

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2008 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ann Kirkpatrick | 155,791 | 57.5% |
| | Republican | Sydney Ann Hay | 109,924 | 40.5% |
| | Independent | Brent Maupin | 4,124 | 1.5% |
| | Libertarian | Thane Eichenauer | 1,316 | 0.5% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 45,867 | 16.9% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 271,155 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

### 2010

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2010 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Paul Gosar | 112,816 | 49.7% |
| | Democratic | Ann Kirkpatrick (Incumbent) | 99,233 | 43.7% |
| | Libertarian | Nicole Patti | 14,869 | 6.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,583 | 6.0% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 226,918 | 100.0 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### 2012

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ann Kirkpatrick | 122,774 | 48.8% |
| | Republican | Jonathan Paton | 113,594 | 45.2% |
| | Libertarian | Kim Allen | 15,227 | 6.0% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,180 | 3.7% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 251,595 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

### 2014

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2014 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Ann Kirkpatrick (Incumbent) | 97,391 | 52.6% | +3.8% |
| | Republican | Andy Tobin | 87,723 | 47.4% | +2.3% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,568 | 5.2% | +1.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 185,114 | 100.0 | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2016

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tom O'Halleran | 142,219 | 50.7% |
| | Republican | Paul Babeu | 121,745 | 43.3% |
| | Green | Ray Parrish | 16,746 | 6.0% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20,474 | 7.4% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 280,710 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2018

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tom O'Halleran (Incumbent) | 143,240 | 53.8% |
| | Republican | Wendy Rogers | 122,784 | 46.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20,456 | 7.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 266,024 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2020

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Tom O'Halleran (Incumbent) | 188,469 | 51.6% | −2.2 |
| | Republican | Tiffany Shedd | 176,709 | 48.4% | +2.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 365,178 | 100.0 | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2022

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | David Schweikert (Incumbent) | 182,336 | 50.44% |
| | Democratic | Jevin Hodge | 179,141 | 49.56% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 361,477 | 100% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2024

Arizona's 1st Congressional District House Election, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | David Schweikert (Incumbent) | 225,538 | 51.91% | +1.47 |
| | Democratic | Amish Shah | 208,966 | 48.09% | −1.47 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 434,504 | 100% | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |