OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isak Samokovlija

Isak Samokovlija (3 September 1889 – 15 January 1955) was a Bosnian writer. By profession he was a physician. His stories describe the life of the Bosnian Sephardic Jews.

## Biography

Samokovlija was born into a Sephardi Jewish family in Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time of the Austro-Hungarian occupation. While one side of his family came from Spain after the Expulsion of Jews from Spain, "his great-grandfather moved to Bosnia from the town of Samokov in Bulgaria", which led to "the surname Los Samokovlis in Ladino or Samokovlija in Bosnian.
After completing primary school Samokovlija went to Sarajevo. He attended high school with Ivo Andrić, the first Yugoslav to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. After graduating high school in 1910, he received a scholarship from local Jewish charity La Benevolencija to study medicine in Vienna. Later he worked as a doctor in the towns Goražde and Fojnica (1921–25) before beginning a regular job at Sarajevo's Koševo hospital in 1925.
At the beginning of the Second World War, he was a department head at the Koševo hospital. In April 1941 he was discharged from service as well as other Jews, but soon he was mobilized as a medical doctor fights against a typhus epidemic. It was not until 1945, he managed to escape Yugoslavia and hide until the country was liberated. After the end of World War II, he held various positions in the Bosnian and Yugoslav literary circles. From 1948-51 he edited the magazine Brazda, and then, until his death he was an editor at the publishing company Svjetlost.
His first short story Rafina avlija was published in 1927 and two years later his first collection of stories, Od proljeća do proljeća, came out. Several of his stories were made into television films and his book Hanka was made into a film of the same name directed by Slavko Vorkapić in 1955. He did not live to see the film, dying at age 65 in January 1955. He was buried in the old Jewish cemetery on the slopes of Trebević mountain, near Sarajevo.
# Munk's Roll

The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, commonly referred to as Munk's Roll, is a series of published works containing biographical entries of the fellows of the Royal College of Physicians. It was published in print in eleven volumes (1861 to 2004) with a twelfth online (2005 to present). The series is now titled Inspiring Physicians (from 2020). The series has been informally known as Munk’s Roll, after the original compiler, for over a century. However, the formal name for the series of volumes (1-11) in print, is Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London.

## History

Munk's Roll was initially the work of the College's Harveian Librarian, William Munk.
The first published edition (1861) was originally prepared as manuscript in three large volumes, containing biographical information on all physicians who were connected with the College, with no thought to publication. Each volume of the manuscript was presented to the College library upon its completion. The first volume covered the foundation of the College to 1600 (completed March 1855), the second covered 1601 to 1700 (completed December 1855), and the third volume 1701-1800 (completed in June 1856). The Council of the College, at the instigation of some influential Fellows, expressed the view in December 1860 that the work be published, and it was, in 1861.
The first edition consisted of volumes one and two, containing fellows and licentiates from 1518 to 1800. In 1878, volume three was included in the second edition, overseen by Munk, with biographies to 1825. The work was set out in chronological order with an index.
Subsequent editions, for biographies post 1825, were limited to fellows, which reflects the increasing numbers, qualifications and professionalism of physicians through the 19th century. They were titled Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London.

### Volumes

* Volume 1, 1518-1700
* Volume 2, 1701-1800
* Volume 3, 1801-1825
* Volume 4, 1826-1925
* Volume 5, 1926-1965
* Volume 6, 1966–1975, published 1982 (ed. Gordon Wolstenholme)
* Volume 7, 1976–1983, published 1984 (ed. Gordon Wolstenholme)
* Volume 8, 1984-1988
* Volume 9, 1989-1993
* Volume 10, 1994-1997
* Volume 11, 1998-2004
* Volume 12 (2005 onwards)

## The Roll today

It has become an invaluable biographical resource for those interested in medical and social history, and family historians. All the print volumes are available online as part of the Inspiring Physicians series, which is regularly updated with new biographies of deceased fellows.
# Murder of Marilyn Rynn

Marilyn Rynn was an Irish woman who was murdered at the age of 41 after being attacked on the way home from a work Christmas party in the early hours of 22 December 1995. Her killer was the first in Ireland to be caught using DNA testing.

## Background

Marilyn Rynn lived in Blanchardstown and was employed in the civil service with the Department of the Environment.

## Crime

On the night of 21 December 1995, Marilyn Rynn attended a work Christmas party with her colleagues at Shieling Hotel in Raheny. She left the party at 2am and later met with friends for food on O'Connell Street. At around 3am she took the Nitelink bus home from Westmoreland Street.
After disembarking near her home, Rynn took a shortcut home through Tolka Valley Park where she was attacked. She had been raped and strangled.

## Investigation

Marilyn Rynn was reported missing on St. Stephen's Day after she failed to turn up for Christmas dinner at her parents' home. The initial investigation was hampered by inaccurate witness reports with a witness claiming to have seen her boarding a bus on Friday 22 December and from a friend who claimed to have received a phone call from Rynn on Friday.
Rynn's body was recovered on 7 January 1996, from Tolka Valley Park after a cadaver dog found her during a planned search. Semen was recovered from her body. It had been preserved by the freezing temperatures at the time.
Gardaí investigated a potential link between the murder and the disappearance of Annie McCarrick upon learning that Annie had an acquaintance who had contact with Rynn before her death.
Gardaí took over 2000 statements and 354 blood samples over the course of the investigation.

## David Lawler

David Lawler originally of Baltinglass, County Wicklow and living in Blanchardstown, was living nearby Rynn at the time of her death. He had also attended a Christmas party on the same night as Rynn. He is first cousins with infamous criminal Larry Murphy and attended school with him.
During house to house inquires following the discovery of Rynn's body, Lawler admitted to being in the area at the time of the crime. He subsequently gave a blood sample in February 1996. The DNA match returned in July 1996 and further tests confirmed this. He was charged with Rynn's murder in August 1996.
Following his arrest, Lawler confessed and said he was overcome by "sexual and homicidal impulses". He had been walking home behind Rynn through Tolka Valley Park when he raped and strangled her on "spontaneous impulse". Prior to his arrest he had used the internet to research DNA and falsely believed evidence of his crime could not survive the elements and consented to giving a blood sample.
He pleaded guilty at trial and was sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Media

Marilyn Rynn's case was featured on Crimeline in 1996. Her murder was also covered in the true crime books The Making of a Detective by Pat Marry, a Garda who investigated the murder, and Lifers: Ireland's evil killers and how they were caught by Barry Cummins.
# Joachim Bißmeier

Joachim Bißmeier (born 22 November 1936 in Bonn, Germany) is a German actor in stage, film and television.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1975–1994 | Derrick | Mirbach / Johannes Ruland / Dr. Manfred Rieger | 3 episodes |
| 1989 | Sternberg – Shooting Star | Karl Tedesco | |
| 1991 | Saint Peter's Snow | | TV film |
| 1999 | Sunshine | Dr. Emil Vitak | |
| 2000 | Hold-Up | Josef Böckl, Schneider | |
| 2000 | De Omweg | Thomas Bernhard | |
| 2003 | Anatomy 2 | Dr. Schinder | |
| 2004 | Before the Fall | Anstaltsleiter | |
| 2004 | Stauffenberg | Regens | TV film |
| 2005 | Spiele der Macht – 11011 Berlin [de] | Horst Weihmann | TV film |
| 2005 | Joyeux Noël | Zimmermann | |
| 2005 | A Christmoose Carol [de] | Psychiater | |
| 2006 | Klimt | Hugo Moritz | |
| 2009 | My Beautiful Neighbor | Karl Seiler | |
| 2011 | The Man from Beijing [de] | Professor Lund | TV film |
| 2012 | Konrad Adenauer – Stunden der Entscheidung [de] | Konrad Adenauer | TV film |
| 2016 | Alone in Berlin | Herr Fromm | |
# Isoionic point

The isoionic point is the pH value at which a zwitterion molecule has an equal number of positive and negative charges and no adherent ionic species. It was first defined by S.P.L. Sørensen, Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang and Ellen Lund in 1926 and is mainly a term used in protein sciences.
It is different from the isoelectric point (pI) in that pI is the pH value at which the net charge of the molecule, including bound ions is zero. Whereas the isoionic point is at net charge zero in a deionized solution. Thus, the isoelectric and isoionic points are equal when the concentration of charged species is zero.
For a diprotic acid, the hydrogen ion concentration can be found at the isoionic point using the following equation
$[H^{+}]={\sqrt {{K_{1}K_{2}C+K_{1}K_{w}} \over {K_{1}+C}}}$
* $[H^{+}]=$hydrogen ion concentration
* $K_{1}=$first acid dissociation constant
* $K_{2}=$second acid dissociation constant
* $K_{w}=$dissociation constant for water
* $C=$concentration of the acid
Note that if $K_{1}K_{2}C\gg K_{1}K_{w}$ then $K_{1}K_{2}C+K_{1}K_{w}\approx K_{1}K_{2}C$ and if $C\gg K_{1}$ then $K_{1}+C\approx C$. Therefore, under these conditions, the equation simplifies to
$[H^{+}]={\sqrt {{K_{1}K_{2}C+K_{1}K_{w}} \over {K_{1}+C}}}\approx {\sqrt {{K_{1}K_{2}C} \over {C}}}\approx {\sqrt {K_{1}K_{2}}}$
The equation can be further simplified to calculate the pH by taking the negative logarithm of both sides to yield
$pH={{pK_{1}+pK_{2}} \over {2}}$
which shows that under certain conditions, the isoionic and isoelectric point are similar.
# Kavaklık, Tercan

Kavaklık is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Arel tribe and had a population of 12 in 2021.
# Ryuichi Matsuda

Ryuichi Matsuda (July 8, 1920 – June 19, 1986) was a Japanese entomologist and notable advocate of the extended evolutionary synthesis.

## Biography

Matsuda obtained his PhD in entomology from Stanford University. He worked at the Biosystematics Research Institute of Canada (1968–1986). He wrote several works on the comparative morphology of insects and is most well known for his controversial book Animal Evolution in Changing Environments (1987).
He coined the term "pan-environmentalism" for an extended evolutionary synthesis which he saw as a fusion of Darwinism with neo-Lamarckism. He held that heterochrony is a main mechanism for evolutionary change and that novelty in evolution can be generated by genetic assimilation. His views were criticized by reviewers for being based on speculation. Arthur M. Shapiro noted that "Matsuda himself accepts too much at face value and is prone to wish-fulfilling interpretation." In contrast, John T. Polhemus positively reviewed the book, suggesting that it "should be on the shelf of anyone seriously interested in evolution theory".
Interest in Matsuda's research was revived by Brian K. Hall, Gerd B. Müller and others in the volume Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a Synthesis (2004) which was a tribute to his ideas.

## Selected publications

* Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Head (1965)
* Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Thorax (1970)
* Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Abdomen, with Special Reference to Developmental Patterns and their Bearings on Systematics (1976)
* Animal Evolution in Changing Environments: With Special Reference to Abnormal Metamorphosis (1987)
# The Crying Game (novel)

The Crying Game is a 1968 novel by British novelist John Braine. It is a satirical story about a conservative journalist whose life changes after he learns of a political scandal.
It has no connection with the film of the same name.
* This article about a 1960s novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.
* v
* t
* e
# Thomas Nørret

Thomas Nørret (born 17 February 1974) is a Danish professional golfer.

## Career

Nørret became a professional golfer in 1999 at the relatively late age of 25, after he had spent time studying in both Denmark and the United States. He immediately joined the second-tier Challenge Tour and found instant success, posting two runners-up finishes in his debut season and finishing 25th in the final standings, just outside the automatic qualifiers for the European Tour. Nørret became a Challenge Tour regular over the following seasons, claiming his first win in 2002 at the Volvo Finnish Open after a six-month break, but never improved on his 1999 performance, and in 2009 he took a break from tournament golf to manage young players, returning only for a few events in 2006 and 2009. In 2010, Nørret made a comeback, playing several Challenge Tour events before progressing through qualifying school to reach the European Tour for the first time at the age of 36.
At the 2011 Austrian Golf Open on the European Tour, Nørret took a two stroke lead into the final round after shooting 9-under-par over the first three days. He then shot a final round level par to finish solo fourth, his best result on the European Tour so far.

## Professional wins (5)
### Challenge Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 14 Jul 2002 | Volvo Finnish Open | −15 (68-68-72-65=273) | 1 stroke | Gary Birch Jr. |
Challenge Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponents | Result |
| 1 | 1999 | NCC Open | Klas Eriksson, Per G. Nyman | Nyman won with bogey on second extra hole Nørret eliminated by par on first hole |

### Nordic Golf League wins (4)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 26 Sep 2002 | Wilson Open | −14 (69-68-65=202) | 4 strokes | Jesper Lassen Nielsen |
| 2 | 26 Oct 2008 | Nickent Golf Invitational Pro-Am | −12 (64-68=132) | 1 stroke | Jesper Bentsen, Jesper Lerchedahl |
| 3 | 9 Mar 2010 | La Manga Masters I | −7 (68-71-73=212) | Playoff | Kasper Linnet Jørgensen, Marius Thorp |
| 4 | 13 May 2010 | JELD-WEN Masters | −12 (67-71-66=204) | 4 strokes | Kalle Samooja |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* European Youths' Team Championship (representing Denmark): 1994
# Matrix representation

Matrix representation is a method used by a computer language to store column-vector matrices of more than one dimension in memory. Fortran and C use different schemes for their native arrays. Fortran uses "Column Major" (AoS), in which all the elements for a given column are stored contiguously in memory. C uses "Row Major" (SoA), which stores all the elements for a given row contiguously in memory. LAPACK defines various matrix representations in memory. There is also Sparse matrix representation and Morton-order matrix representation. According to the documentation, in LAPACK the unitary matrix representation is optimized. Some languages such as Java store matrices using Iliffe vectors. These are particularly useful for storing irregular matrices. Matrices are of primary importance in linear algebra.

## Basic mathematical operations

An m × n (read as m by n) order matrix is a set of numbers arranged in m rows and n columns. Matrices of the same order can be added by adding the corresponding elements. Two matrices can be multiplied, the condition being that the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix. Hence, if an m × n matrix is multiplied with an n × r matrix, then the resultant matrix will be of the order m × r.
Operations like row operations or column operations can be performed on a matrix, using which we can obtain the inverse of a matrix. The inverse may be obtained by determining the adjoint as well. rows and columns are the different classes of matrices

## In 3D graphics

The choice of representation for 4×4 matrices commonly used in 3D graphics affects the implementation of matrix/vector operations in systems with packed SIMD instructions:

### Row major (SoA)

With row-major matrix order, it is easy to transform vectors using dot product operations, since the coefficients of each component are sequential in memory. Consequently, this layout may be desirable if a processor supports dot product operations natively. It is also possible to efficiently use a '3×4' affine transformation matrix without padding or awkward permutes.

### Column major (AoS)

With column-major order, a "matrix × vector" multiply can be implemented with vectorized multiply-add operations, if the vector's components are broadcast to each SIMD lane. It is also easy to access the basis vectors represented by a transformation matrix as individual column vectors, as these are contiguous in memory.
# OAF

The acronym OAF may refer to:
* Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F., a professional football team in Coimbra, Portugal
* ÖAF, an Austrian car and truck brand
* Oak Flats railway station in New South Wales, station code OAF
* Open Accessibility Framework, a high-level design for handicapped-accessible computer equipment and programs
* Oracle Application Framework, a software framework developed by Oracle Corporation for application development
# Mountain Bar

Mountain Bar is a chocolate bar made by Brown & Haley, Inc. Mountain Bars consist of chocolate and peanuts molded around one of three flavored fillings: vanilla, peanut butter or cherry.
The Mountain Bar was created in 1915 at Brown & Haley Co. in Tacoma, Washington. Originally called Mount Tacoma Bars, the name was changed in 1925 after Brown & Haley began distribution of the candy in Seattle. Shortly after World War II a cherry version of the Mountain Bar was introduced. This was followed by the peanut butter variety in 1974. Cappuccino and Mint flavored Mountain Bars were briefly available in 2010.
As of 2020, all Mountain Bars were produced at the Brown & Haley factory on East 26th Street in Tacoma.
# Rudolph J. Castellani Jr.

Rudy J. Castellani Jr is professor of pathology at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland where he also serves as Director of Neuropathology.
# Jordão River

Jordão River may refer to:

## Brazil

* Jordão River (Acre)
* Jordão River (Paraná)
# 1972 Sugar Bowl

The 1972 Sugar Bowl may refer to:
* 1972 Sugar Bowl (January) - January 1, 1972, game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Auburn Tigers
* 1972 Sugar Bowl (December) - December 31, 1972, game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Penn State Nittany Lions
# Okopy

Okopy may refer to:
* Okopy, Ternopil Oblast (Ukraine)
* Okopy, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Okopy, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Okopy, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# Roydon McKillop

Roydon George McKillop (1881 – 29 December 1951) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Orange to grazier George Duncan McKillop. He was a grazier at Narromine, and pioneered citrus growing in the area. In 1913, he married Violet Crago, with whom he had five children. On 7 December 1932 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Country Party member, but he did not take his seat. He died at Narromine in 1951.
# Royds, Bradford

53°45′11″N 1°45′43″W﻿ / ﻿53.753°N 1.762°W﻿ / 53.753; -1.762
Royds (population 16,350 - 2001 UK census) is a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The population at the 2011 Census was 17,360.
Starting from the north end of Royds, the areas covered are Horton Bank Bottom which is shared with Great Horton Ward, then Buttershaw which makes the bulk of the ward, then a portion of the south-west side of Wibsey village. South of Halifax Road is Woodside, east of which is part of Low Moor village, the rest of which is in Wyke ward. At the south end of the ward is the more rural hamlet of Royds Hall.

## Councillors

Royds ward is represented on Bradford Council by three Labour Party councillors; Ruth Wood, Angela Tait and Andrew Thornton.
| Election | Councillor | Councillor | Councillor |
| 2004 | Valerie Slater (Lab) | Judith Black (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2006 | Val Slater (Lab) | Judith Black (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2007 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2008 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2010 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2011 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2012 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2014 | Val Slater (Lab) | Gill Thornton (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2015 | Val Slater (Lab) | Angela Tait (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2016 | Val Slater (Lab) | Angela Tait (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
| 2018 | Ruth Wood (Lab) | Angela Tait (Lab) | Andrew Thornton (Lab) |
indicates seat up for re-election.
# Joseph Franz von Allioli

Joseph Franz von Allioli (10 August, 1793 at Sulzbach, Germany – 22 May, 1873 at Augsburg, Germany), was a Roman Catholic theologian and orientalist.
Allioli studied theology at Landshut and was ordained at Ratisbon in 1816, and is most renowned for his translation of the Old and New Testaments, the 6-volume Ṻbersetzung der heiligen Schriften Alten und Neuen Testaments aus der Vulgata, published between 1830 and 1835. Based on Jerome’s Latin Vulgate, it was the first German Bible to receive the imprimatur of the Catholic Church, in whose eyes Martin Luther’s enormously influential 16th-century translation was the unacceptable work of a Protestant heretic. Allioli's Bible was read widely in his lifetime and was, until eclipsed by more modern rivals, the standard Scripture of German Catholicism.
From 1818 to 1820, he studied Semitic languages at Vienna, Rome, and Paris. He taught Hebrew language, used his knowledge of it to write about the Bible, and wrote an 11-stanza poem in Hebrew titled "In Praise of the Hebrew Language,” the first stanza of which reads
Thou, child of heaven, mistress of all tongues,
Exalted art thou from primeval time
By He who dwelt betwixt the cherubim.
From on high He descended on His holy mount
With pen of fire to engrave thee on twin tablets,
His flame emblazoning thee upon them.
He became professor in the University at Landshut in 1824, and was transferred with the university to Munich in 1826. Owing to a weak throat, he had to accept a canonry at Ratisbon in 1835, and became Dean of the chapter at Augsburg, in 1838.

## Works

* "Aphorismen Über den Zusammenhang der heiligen Schrift Alten und Neuen Testaments, aus der Idee des Reichs Gottes" (Ratisbon 1819)
* "Häusliche Alterthümer der Hebräer nebst biblischer Geographie" (1821)
* "Biblische Alterthümer" (Landshut, 1825)
* "Handbuch der biblischen Alterthumskunde" (in cooperation with Grätz and Haneberg, Landshut, 1843-44)
* "Übersetzung der heiligen Schriften Alten und Neuen Testaments, aus der Vulgata, mit Bezug auf den Grundtext, neu übersetzt und mit kurzen Anmerkungen erläutert, dritte Auflage von Allioli umgearbeitet" (6 vols., Nürnberg, 1830-35). This work received a papal approbation, 11 May, 1830.