OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Lechleider

Joseph W. Lechleider (22 February 1933, Brooklyn – 18 April 2015) was the inventor at the Bell Telephone Company of the DSL (digital subscriber line) technology.
In 1992, Joseph Lechleider was elevated to the grade of IEEE fellow for contribution to the theory and practices of high-speed digital subscriber lines.

## Early life

Lechleider attended Brooklyn Technical High School before earning his undergraduate degree from Cooper Union and a Ph.D. from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now part of the New York University Tandon School of Engineering.
# Jamipur

Jamipur is a village in Sumerpur block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 3,140, in 588 households, and it has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Jamipur as comprising 12 hamlets, with a total population of 1,255 (511 male and 744 female), in 240 households and 225 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,670 acres, and it had a medical practitioner at the time.
# Terranuova Bracciolini

Terranuova Bracciolini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Arezzo.
Terranuova Bracciolini borders the following municipalities: Castelfranco Piandiscò, Castiglion Fibocchi, Laterina Pergine Valdarno, Loro Ciuffenna, Montevarchi, San Giovanni Valdarno.
Known historically as just Terranuova, the municipality was the birthplace in 1380 of the famed early humanist Poggio Bracciolini, for which it was renamed in 1862.
# Michael Robinson (Canadian artist)

Michael Robinson (1948–2010) was a Canadian artist, glassblower, and poet who investigated Indigenous, spiritual, and environmental themes.

## Biography

Michael Robinson was born in Toronto, Ontario, on 27 March 1948. Trained at Sheridan College's School of Design (Glass Major, 1969–1971), Robinson was an artist, glassblower, printmaker, and writer. He exhibited widely throughout Ontario, but also nationally (British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, Newfoundland) and internationally (United States, Switzerland, Germany), and he received several national and provincial awards, as well as grants. Robinson died on 28 July 2010 in Peterborough Ontario.

## Permanent collections

Robinson's work resides in the permanent collections of the following institutions:
* Canadian Museum of History
* Royal Ontario Museum
* McMichael Gallery
* Thunder Bay Art Gallery
* Glenbow Art Institute in Calgary
* Canada Council Art Bank
* Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Aboriginal Art Collection, Government of Canada
* Art Gallery of Perterborough

## Published works

* Freedom of Silence, 1988, ISBN 0-9692185-2-4
* The Earth and the Dancing Man, 1991, ISBN 0-9695225-0-9
* Touching the Serpent's Tail, 1992, ISBN 0-9695225-1-7
* A Bird Within A Ring of Fire, 1998, ISBN 0-9695225-3-3
# Prison Court

Prison Court (Finnish: vankilaoikeus) was a special court in Finland with jurisdiction over involuntary commitment of dangerous repeat offenders and sentencing of juvenile offenders into detention centers. The court had a special composition, as it consisted of two permanent judges, a psychiatrist and a scholar with expertise in intoxicant and drug rehabilitation. The institution was closed down in 2006, and was superseded by ordinary administrative courts.
# The Better Way

The Better Way is a 1926 American silent film directed by and starring Ralph Ince.

## Cast

* Dorothy Revier as Betty Boyd
* Ralph Ince as Billie
* Eugene Strong
* Armand Kaliz
* Hazel Howell

## Preservation and status

A complete copy of the film is held at the Library of Congress.
# NNLS

NNLS may refer to
* Non-negative least squares, an optimization problem in mathematics
* New North London Synagogue, see Sternberg Centre
# Hubsugui mine

The Hubsugui mine is a large mine located in Mongolia. Hubsugui represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Mongolia having estimated reserves of 632.9 million tonnes of ore grading 40% P$_2$O$_5$.
# Rugby union in Saint Lucia

Rugby union in St Lucia is a minor but growing sport. They are currently ranked 80th by the IRB.

## Governing body

The governing body is the St. Lucia Rugby Football Union.

## History

Saint Lucia's first ever international rugby match was actually a Round 1a one-off 2007 Rugby World Cup qualifying match, as part of the Americas tournaments in 2005. The match was played against St Vincent & Grenadines, and Saint Lucia won 36 points to 25, which enabled them to advance into the next round of World Cup qualifying.

## Women's rugby

Although St Lucia's women have not yet played test match rugby, they have been playing international sevens rugby since 2005. (Current playing record).

## Notable players

* Cornelius Henry, born in St Lucia is a dual cricket-rugby international for Canada.
* Marland Yarde, born in St Lucia played 13 times for the England scoring 30 points, he has played professionally for London Irish, Harlequins, Sale Sharks and currently Aviron Bayonnais.
# Pratigha

Pratigha (Sanskrit; Pali: paṭigha; Tibetan Wylie: khong khro) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "anger". It is defined as a hostile attitude towards sentient beings, towards frustration, and towards that which gives rise to one's frustrations; it functions as a basis for faultfinding, for negative actions, and for not finding a moment of peace or happiness.
Pratigha is identified as:
* One of the six root unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition
* One of the ten fetters in the Theravada tradition (according to the Dhammasangani)

## Definitions
### Theravada

Patigha (Pali) is defined by Theravada sources as: anger, repulsion, collision; animosity; irritation; indignation.
Nyanatiloka Mahatheran provides the following definition:
* In an ethical sense, it means: 'repugnance', grudge, resentment, anger, and is a synonym of byāpāda, 'ill-will' (s. nīvaraṇa) and dosa, 'hate' (s. mūla). It is one of the proclivities (anusaya, q.v.).
* '(Sense-) reaction'. Applied to five-sense cognition, p. occurs in the following contexts:
       (a) as paṭigha-saññā, 'perception of sense-reaction', said to be absent in the immaterial absorptions (s. jhāna 5). Alternative renderings: resistance-perception, reflex-perception;
       (b) as paṭigha-samphassa, '(mental) impression caused by 5fold sensorial reaction' (D. 15); s. phassa;
       (c) as Sappaṭigha-rūpa, 'reacting corporeality', and appaṭigha, 'not reacting', which is an Abhidhammic classification of corporeality, occurring in Dhs. 659, 1050. Sappaṭigha are called the physical sense-organs as reacting (or responding) to sense stimuli; and also the physical sense-objects as impinging (or making an impact) on the sense-organs. All other corporeality is appaṭigha, non-reacting and non-impinging. These 2 terms have been variously rendered as resistant and not, responding and not, with and without impact.

### Mahayana

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:
    What is pratigha? It is ill-will with regard to living beings, with regard to suffering and with regard to things pertaining to suffering. Its function is to produce a basis for unhappy states and bad conduct.
Alexander Berzin states that pratigha is aimed at "another limited being, one's own suffering, or situations entailing suffering". This involves being impatient with the objects of the pratigha (anger), and wishing to get rid of them, for example, by striking out against them and harming them. It is based on regarding the object as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature.
Berzin identifies dvesha (aversion) as a subcategory of pratigha (anger) that is directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings.

## Alternate translations

* Anger (Herbert Guenther, Alexander Berzin)
* Repugnance (Walpola Rahula)
* Resistance (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
* Harshness (Bhikkhu Sujato)
# Jiahe Subdistrict, Guangzhou

Jiahe Subdistrict (Chinese: 嘉禾街道; pinyin: Jiāhé Jiēdào; Jyutping: gaa$^1$ wo$^4$ gaai$^1$ dou$^6$) is a subdistrict of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. As of 2020, it has 9 residential communities (社区) under its administration.
# New Jersey lunar sample displays

The New Jersey lunar sample displays are two commemorative plaques consisting of small fragments of Moon specimen brought back with the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar missions and given in the 1970s to the people of the state of New Jersey by United States President Richard Nixon.

## Description
### Apollo 11

At the request of Nixon, NASA had about 250 presentation plaques made following Apollo 11 in 1969. Each included about four rice-sized particles of Moon dust from the mission totaling about 50 mg. The Apollo 11 lunar sample display has an acrylic plastic button containing the Moon dust mounted with the recipient's country or state flag that had been to the Moon and back. All 135 countries received the display, as did the 50 states of the United States and the U.S. provinces and the United Nations.
The plaques were given as gifts by Nixon in 1970.

### Apollo 17

The sample Moon rock collected during the Apollo 17 mission was later named lunar basalt 70017, and dubbed the Goodwill rock. Pieces of the rock weighing about 1.14 grams were placed inside a piece of acrylic lucite, and mounted along with a flag from the country that had flown on Apollo 17 it would be distributed to.
In 1973 Nixon had the plaques sent to 135 countries, and to the United States with its territories, as a goodwill gesture.

## History

The Apollo 11 "goodwill Moon rocks" commemorative podium plaque display is at the New Jersey State Museum. The whereabouts of the Apollo 17 display are unknown.
# Chordal variety

In algebraic geometry, a chordal variety of a variety is the union of all the chords (lines meeting 2 points), including the limiting cases of tangent lines.
# Dale Copeland

Dale Devereux Copeland MNZM (born 1943) is a New Zealand collage and assemblage artist. Copeland's work is about "society's detritus" and reworking "discarded things" into art. Copeland, who is also a community art organiser, is called "the backbone of the Taranaki art scene" by the Taranaki Daily News.

## Career

Copeland lives and works in Taranaki. She has a studio filled with found objects connected to her house near Ōkato. Copeland is part of an artist collective in rural Taranaki called Virtual TART, and which shows their work online through the Virtual TART site.
In the late 1990s, Copeland created the International Collage Exhibition and Exchange art show. In 2009, Copeland earned three Special Recognition Merit Awards for her art in the 8th Annual Summer All Media Juried Online International Art Exhibition.
In 2011, Copeland and other Taranaki artists exhibited their work at the Lincoln Center in New York. The next year, Copeland was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2012 Queen's Birthday and Diamond Jubilee Honours, for services to the arts.
In 2013, Copeland released a book, Complex Numbers in Graphs, which is about her exploration of chaos theory in a visual medium. She and eleven artists showed their work in Paris in November 2014. In 2015, she was involved with the restoration of a naval mine which was installed as a public sculpture in Port Taranaki.
Copeland, and several other Taranaki artists, showed their work in Paris in May 2017. The exhibition was called Art Taranaki – de retour à Paris and shown at Gallery 59, Rue de Rivoli. In 2019 she and 3 others took an exhibition of Taranaki Art to Terre Verte Gallery in Cornwall, UK. At her grading in November 2023, at the age of 80, she became a Taekwon-Do Master.
# Human Epigenome Project

Human Epigenome Project (HEP) is a multinational science project, with the stated aim to "identify, catalog, and interpret genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of all human genes in all major tissues". It is financed by government funds as well as private investment, via a consortium of genetic research organisations.
The call for such a project was widely suggested and supported by cancer research scientists from all over the world.

## Consortium

The HEP consortium is made up of the following organizations:
* The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute — UK
* Epigenomics AG — Germany/USA
* The Centre National de Génotypage — France
# Nazi Hunter: The Beate Klarsfeld Story

Nazi Hunter: The Beate Klarsfeld Story is a 1986 American made-for-television biographical drama film, starring Farrah Fawcett in the title role. The film also stars Tom Conti, Geraldine Page and Catherine Allégret.

## Plot

The film tells the true story on the life of Beate Klarsfeld, a German woman who documented the actions that took place during the Holocaust.

## Cast

* Farrah Fawcett as Beate Klarsfeld
* Tom Conti as Serge Klarsfeld
* Geraldine Page as Itta Halaunbrenner
* Hélène Vallier as Raissa Klarsfeld
* Catherine Allégret as Simone Lagrange
* Féodor Atkine as Luc Pleyel
* Liliane Rovère as Madame Kadousche
* Philippe Laudenbach as French Official

## Awards

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 1986 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film | Tom Conti | Nominated |
| 1986 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film | Farah Fawcett | Nominated |
| 1986 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film | Geraldine Page | Nominated |
# Jiahe

Jiahe (Chinese: 嘉禾) may refer to:
* Jiahe County, a county of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, China
* Jiahe Subdistrict, Guangzhou, a subdistrict of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
* Jiahe Subdistrict, Suining, a subdistrict of Chuanshan District, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
* Ancient name of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
* Sun Quan's third era name
# Proline-rich protein haeiii subfamily 2

Proline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRH2 gene.
# NeuroIntegration Therapy

NeuroIntegration Therapy (NIT) is a non-invasive combination therapy that integrates quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG or QEEG) brain mapping with additional therapies such as neurofeedback, vibroacoustic therapy, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT, or PEMF therapy) and photic stimulation (light therapy.)
Neurointegration therapy begins with a brain mapping session using qEEG to help visualize areas of dysregulation within the brain. The supporting therapies are then used to retrain the problem areas of the brain by rewarding the brainwaves when they move in a desired pattern. Follow up qEEG sessions demonstrate changes in brainwave patterns and signify if the therapeutic treatments require adjustments.

## Application

NeuroIntegration therapy is being used as a treatment for brain-related conditions such as chronic pain, addiction, and obesity.
The field of neurointegration therapy is relatively new and protocols have not been widely standardized. However, global initiatives are being taken to create a common language of information, to promote consistency in education and certification, and to form collaborative alliances with other mental and physical health disciplines.

## Criticism

Though neurointegration therapy itself has not received any published criticism, the individual components of the treatment have.
# Horní Újezd (Svitavy District)

Horní Újezd is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Horní Újezd lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Svitavy, 43 km (27 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 134 km (83 mi) east of Prague.
# Nabil El-Nayal

Nabil El-Nayal, more commonly known as Nabil Nayal (born 1985 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian-born British fashion designer. He moved to England at the age of 14 and has won awards including the Royal Society of Arts Award, the Graduate Fashion Week 'Best Womenswear' Award and the British Fashion Council MA Scholarship Award.

## Biography

El-Nayal was born in Syria and moved to England at the age of 14. He went on to win many prestigious awards including the Royal Society of Arts Award, the Graduate Fashion Week 'Best Womenswear' Award and the British Fashion Council MA Scholarship Award; enabling him to study at the Royal College of Art.
In 2008 he was invited by Christopher Bailey to work as ’Researcher Reporting to the Creative Director’ at Burberry Prorsum and in 2009 River Island commissioned him to create a capsule collection which sold out in 3 days. Nabil’s entire MA collection was purchased by Harrods as part of the 2010 Harrods Launches platform and he was invited to the Buckingham Palace Reception for the British Clothing Industry where he met Queen Elizabeth II. At this time Nabil worked alongside David Sassoon as Assistant Designer at Bellville Sassoon and in 2011 he made his London Fashion Week debut as a semi-finalist in Colin McDowell's Fashion Fringe competition, attracting high-profile supporters such as Claudia Schiffer, Lady Gaga, Florence Welch & Rihanna.
In July 2018, El-Nayal graduated with a PhD in Fashion from Manchester Metropolitan University, Fashion Institute. His thesis was titled ‘Disruption as a Generative Principle in Fashion Design. The ‘Elizabethan Sportswear’ Collections of Nabil Nayal’. In September 2018 the brand delivered their debut presentation on the official London Fashion Week schedule and was the first brand to host a LFW show at the British Library. The SS19 collection incorporated rare Elizabethan archives into the collection, including the Tilbury speech by Elizabeth I. In February 2019, the brand's showed their AW19 collection at London Fashion Week, with inspiration from Marie Antoinette.
In April 2019, 'The Library Collection' launched at Selfridges London. In May 2019 he won the 2019 BFC Fashion Trust Grant.

## Notable clients

His clothes have been worn by Lady Gaga, Claudia Schiffer and Lorde. Karl Lagerfeld commissioned Nabil to make a shirt for his muse and collaborator Amanda Harlech, who then styled and photographed Jerry Hall wearing it for the V Magazine 100 issue.

## Awards

El-Nayal has received awards including:
* Royal Society of Arts Award 2008
* Graduate Fashion Week 'Best Womenswear' Award 2008
* British Fashion Council MA Scholarship Award – for the Royal College of Art 2008
* Crown Paint 2009 (interior design competition)
* Harrods Launches 2010
* Fashion Fringe Semi-Finalist 2011
* LVMH Prize shortlist 2015
* LVMH Prize finalist 2017
* BFC Fashion Trust Grant and Mentoring 2019
# Nacala-a-Velha District

Nacala-a-Velha District is a district of Nampula Province in north-eastern Mozambique.
The area of the district is 1,720 km$^2$. It is bounded on the north by Memba District, on the northwest by Nacaroa District, on the east by Monapo District, on the south by Mossuril District, on the southeast by Nacala District, and on the east by Fernao Veloso Bay.
The population of the district is 106,543 (2012 census).
The district is divided into two administrative posts (postos), Nacala-a-Velha (pop. 80,155), and Covo (pop. 26,387).
# Hugh Meredith

Hugh Meredith (c. 1697 - c. 1749) was a farmer and printer in the American colonies, who briefly had a partnership with Benjamin Franklin as publishers of the Pennsylvania Gazette.
Meredith was of Welsh descent and born outside Philadelphia, where he was a farmer. At the age of 30, he took an apprenticeship to learn printing. Franklin and Meredith worked under Samuel Keimer, and Meredith was an original member of the Junto club founded by Franklin.
Around 1728 the two formed a partnership, with Meredith's father providing half of the needed money for the venture. They bought Keimer's Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729. By the next year, Franklin acted to buy out Meredith's interest. By May 1732 Franklin had acquired complete ownership of the Gazette.
In the summer of 1730 Meredith moved to the Welsh Tract settlement in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina, claiming on departure that he planned to "follow my old employment", which evidently meant farming as the colony had no printers until 1749. As part of their division of the business, Meredith asked for a new saddle.
In 1731, Franklin published two letters from Meredith in the Gazette, which described conditions in the North Carolina Welsh settlements.
It is likely that Meredith later returned to Pennsylvania, as Franklin lent him some money in 1739.
# Joshua Wilkinson

Joshua Wilkinson may refer to:
* Joshua Marie Wilkinson (born 1977), American poet, editor, publisher, and filmmaker
* Joshua Wilkinson (footballer) (1897–1921), Scottish footballer
# Isaac Bullart

Isaac Bullart (1599–1672) was a French-language author and banker from the Low Countries.

## Life

Bullart was born in Rotterdam, in the Dutch Republic, but at the age of 11 was sent to the Jesuit college in Bordeaux for his education. After returning to the Low Countries he lived first in Brussels and later in Arras, where he was appointed director of the Mount of piety. He was married to the painter Anna Francisca de Bruyns. His biographical dictionary of scholars and artists, Académie des sciences et des arts, was edited for posthumous publication by his son, Jacques-Ignace Bullart.

## Publications

* Académie des sciences et des arts, contenant les vies, & les éloges historiques des hommes illustres, qui ont excellé en ces professions depuis environ quatre siècles parmy diverses nations de l'Europe (2 vols, published at the author's expense, 1682; to be sold in Brussels by François Foppens and in Amsterdam by the heirs of Daniel Elsevier)
# Neville Crowe

Neville Crowe (1 June 1937 – 2 September 2016) was an Australian rules footballer who represented Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1950s and 1960s. He also served as club president from 1987 to 1993, and was at the forefront of the Save Our Skins campaign in 1990, which saved the club from financial ruin.
In the 1967 Second Semi-final, Crowe was reported for allegedly striking Carlton ruckman John Nicholls, and suspended. He subsequently missed Richmond's drought-breaking premiership victory in the 1967 VFL Grand Final, and announced his retirement shortly afterward. Crowe's "phantom punch" is regarded as one of the most unlucky moments in VFL/AFL history.
Crowe retired at the end of 2008 from working at the club, finally ending his involvement that had extended to over 50 years.
In September 2012, it was reported that Crowe had been out riding his bicycle when he suddenly lost control and careered into the Yarra River. A passing jogger, John Greene, who happened to be a lifelong Tigers supporter, dived into the muddy river and pulled Crowe to safety with the help of other passers-by who formed a human chain to get him to the embankment.
# NeuroImage

NeuroImage is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on neuroimaging, including functional neuroimaging and functional human brain mapping. The most recent editor-in-chief was Stephen Smith. The journal drew attention in 2023 when all editors resigned after a dispute with the publisher, Elsevier, over publication fees.
Abstracts from the annual meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping have been published as supplements to the journal. In 2012, Elsevier launched an open access sister journal to NeuroImage, entitled NeuroImage: Clinical.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Life Sciences, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.7.

## 2023 mass resignation

In April 2023, all editors of the journals NeuroImage and NeuroImage: Reports (more than 40 scientists) resigned, citing their regret for Elsevier's refusal to lower the journal's publication fee from $3,450 to under $2,000. On April 17, the former NeuroImage editorial team announced in an open letter the establishment of Imaging Neuroscience, a non-profit open access journal intended to replace NeuroImage as the leading journal in the field of neuroimaging.