OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donald Clarke (sailor)

Apprentice Donald Owen Clarke (5 March 1923 – 9 August 1942) of the Merchant Navy was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his heroism on 8 August 1942. Sailing alone, his motor tanker, the San Emiliano, was torpedoed and sunk by U.155 in the central Atlantic, south east of Trinidad. The ship was engulfed in flames but despite being so badly burned that he died the next day of his wounds, he helped save other severely burned victims by rowing a lifeboat clear of the stricken tanker. He rowed the lifeboat, the only one to survive the sinking, for two hours despite his hands being so badly burned they had to be cut away from the oars as his flesh had stuck to them. Lying at the bottom of the boat, as they waited for rescue, he sang to keep up the spirits of the other men.
Notice of his award appeared in the London Gazette of 20 July 1943. The citation ended thus "By his supreme effort, undertaken without thought of self and in spite of terrible agony, Apprentice Clarke ensured the safety of his comrades in the boat. His great heroism and selfless devotion were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Merchant Navy."
# Shankar Saraiya

Shankar Saraiya is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,070 people living in 771 individual households. There were 2,011 males and 2,059 females at the time of census.
# New California

New California may refer to:
* Alta California, a 19th-century Spanish and later Mexican territory officially known as Nueva California between 1804 and 1824
* A 21st-century proposal for partition and secession in California
* New California, Ohio, a census-designated place
* Garden City, Texas, formerly known as New California
* New California Republic, a fictional federal republic and faction featured in the Fallout series
* Fallout: New California, a Fallout fan game
# Sierra Club of Canada v Canada (Minister of Finance)

Sierra Club of Canada v Canada (Minister of Finance) is a Supreme Court of Canada decision, which was reached in 2002, when a Non-Governmental Organization (or "NGO") sought judicial review of the federal government’s decision to provide financial assistance to a Crown corporation (in this case, for the sale of nuclear reactors and construction thereof). The Crown corporation requested a confidentiality order in respect of certain documents, and the NGO contested the request. The proper analytical approach to be applied to exercise of judicial discretion where a litigant seeks confidentiality order is now known as the Sierra Club test. The deleterious effects of granting a confidentiality order include a negative effect on the open court principle were noted by Iacobucci J. but they were outweighed by the salutary effects of the grant.
The case is also known as Atomic Energy of Canada Limited v. Sierra Club of Canada.

## Sierra Club test

   Three important elements are subsumed under the first branch of the test. First, the risk must be real and substantial, well grounded in evidence, posing a serious threat to the commercial interest in question. Second, the important commercial interest must be one which can be expressed in terms of a public interest in confidentiality, where there is a general principle at stake. Finally, the judge is required to consider not only whether reasonable alternatives are available to such an order but also to restrict the order as much as is reasonably possible while preserving the commercial interest in question.
   Under the second branch of the test, the confidentiality order would have significant salutary effects on the affected party's right to a fair trial.
# Lou Bondi

Lou Bondì (born July 22, 1956) is a Maltese television broadcast journalist. He used to present the programme Bondi Plus on PBS and he has been broadcasting in Maltese television since 1992. He is one of the three founders of the TV production company Where's Everybody which produces Bondi Plus. Bondi Plus won an award for Best Current Affairs programme at the Malta Television Awards in 2006, 2008 and 2010.
# La rose de Saint-Flour

La rose de Saint-Flour is a one-act opérette with music by Jacques Offenbach to a French libretto by Michel Carré, first performed in 1856.

## Performance history

The premiere was on 12 June 1856 the Salle Lacaze, Paris, and the work shared its second performance on a bill with the "pièce de circonstance" Les Dragées de baptême, celebrating the christening of the Prince Imperial. The characters in the piece use Auvergnat accents in their dialogue and songs; Pradeau was pure Auvergnat and scored a hit as the jealous coppersmith. The work was much revived over the next twenty years and staged in Vienna. It was performed in England as The Rose of Auvergne, and a full translation with production details published.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 12 June 1856 (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) |
| Pierrette | soprano | Hortense Schneider |
| Chapailloux | baritone | Charles Petit |
| Marcachu | tenor | Pradeau |

## Synopsis

    The scene is a cabaret run by Pierrette in Saint-Flour
Alone, Pierrette bemoans her broken cooking-pot and decides to borrow one when she goes out to buy groceries. She muses on her two admirers, the cobbler Chapailloux and the coppersmith Marcachu. As it is the festival of Saint-Pierre, and there will be dancing that night, she longs for a new pair of shoes with sequins to dance in, and a new unbreakable pot.
Marcachu brings in as a token of his love a new cooking-pot for Pierrette, hanging it by the fireplace with a bunch of flowers in, and leaves. Chapailloux next creeps in and puts his present of shoes on the table.
When Pierrette returns a tiff with Marcachu turns into a fight. They prepare the soup, into which unexpected ingredients are placed. When Chapailloux arrives, they eat and discover the contents of the soup, including one of Pierrette's shoes. Another fight ensues, and Marcachu storms off with his marmite.
Pierrette decides she would be better off with Chapailloux and he hesitantly agrees. Chapailloux gives his hand to Pierrette just as Marcachu re-enters to make up for all the damage, giving Pierrette a new chair, crockery and the cooking-pot.
A bourrée is heard as the signal for dancing. Marcachu concedes, hoping he might be, "comm' dans la Dame blanche" god-father to their children. They dance and sing "Nous n'étions ni homm's ni femmes – Nous étions tous Auvergnats!" ("We are neither men nor women – we are Auvergnats!").

## Musical numbers

* Overture
* Couplets "Entre les deux amours"
* Air "Chette marmite neuve mamjel est une preuve"
* Recitative and couplets "Ah! que cette maison… Pour les p'tits pieds de chelle que j'aime"
* Grand duo "Eh! la p'tit mère… Quand je cogn' ch'est pour de bon"
* Duetto "Monsieur de Marcachu – Monsieur de Chapaillou"
* Trio and couplets "Ah! Comm'nous nous amujames"
* Trio and finale "Je vous épouse et je vous tends la main"
# S. Rajendran (CPI(M) politician)

Shanmugavel Rajendran (சண்முகவேல் ராஜேந்திரன்) is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Kerala. He was elected in the 2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election as the MLA from Devikulam Assembly constituency as a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He subsequently also won elections from the same constituency in 2011 and 2016. He was also elected as District Panchayat president of Idukki in 2003. In 2022, his membership of the CPI(M) was suspended for a year due to his alleged efforts to defeat the CPI(M)'s candidate for the 2021 Legislative Assembly elections in Devikulam.
# Samuel Meeker

Samuel Meeker (1763–1831) was a prominent merchant businessman who played a substantial role in the development of banking, shipping, and insurance systems in the early post-revolutionary days of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Meeker family was already known by this time as a founding family in New Jersey (associate founder William Meeker), providing strong and hardy patriotic males in the fight against the British. A Meeker cousin, Major Samuel Meeker, was known to have encouraged his militia to chase after Chief Joseph Brant and his band of warriors and Tories in the Battle of the Minisink. Samuel's father, also a ‘Samuel Meeker’, was a captain and commanded a troop of light horse that was recruited in Essex county NJ. A young man of action, Samuel left New Jersey early in the 1790s to seek his fame and fortune in Philadelphia.
# Shankar Shah

Shankar Shah was the titular king of Garha Kingdom, which was situated in the Indian region of Gondwana. He led an uprising against the British in Jubbulpore, and was put to death along with his son. His son's name was Kunwar Raghunath Shah.

## Uprising

During the Revolt of 1857, when other revolutionaries were fighting against the British, Shankar Shah, the aged titular king of Garh-Mandla was living on a pension from the British in Jabalpur. He took up arms and according to the English, "hatched a plot to foully murder the English residents of Jubbulpore". In this struggle, his son Raghunath Shah greatly supported his old father. Raja Shankar Shah was the great-grandson of Nizam Shah, the only son of Sumedh Shah. Raja Shankar Shah was very popular among the zamindars and general public.
The 52nd regiment of Bengal Native Infantry was called to put down the rebellion in Jabalpur, but the injustice of the execution of Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah convinced them to mutiny instead.

## Death

The aged Shankar Shah, his son Raghunath Shah along with thirteen other followers were arrested and jailed in the prison at the cantonment, accused of "hatching a plot to foully murder the English residents of Jubbulpore".
Even though no incriminating evidence was found against them, the British blew up Shankar Shah along with his son, Kunwar Raghunath Shah with a cannon mouth on 18 September 1857 in a crime of provoking an uprising through their patriotic poems. The 13 followers were executed the next day.
This further enraged the already dissatisfied 52nd regiment of Bengal Native Infantry and they rebelled at Jabalpur.
# Nettelbeck

Nettelbeck is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Craig Nettelbeck, Australian footballer
* F. A. Nettelbeck, American poet
* Paul Nettelbeck, German long-distance runner
* Sandra Nettelbeck, German film director
* Ted Nettelbeck (born 1936), Australian psychologist and jazz pianist
* Uwe Nettelbeck, German record producer and journalist
# Silva Jardim

Silva Jardim (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 21,352 (2022) and its area is 937 km².

## Conservation

The municipality contains the 5,052 hectares (12,480 acres) Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 1974 from a former experimental agricultural station. It contains 7.5% of the 46,350 hectares (114,500 acres) Três Picos State Park, created in 2002. It contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic of conservation units, created in 2006.
# Sharwin II

Sharwin II (Persian: شروین), was the tenth ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 896 to 930.
In 896, Sharwin's father, Rustam I, was tortured to death by Rafi ibn Harthama, who then divided Rustam's domains in Tabaristan with Zaydid Muhammad ibn Zayd. Sharwin thus succeeded Rustam I as the head of the Bavand family. In 900, Sharwin, along with the Karenid ruler Shahriyar ibn Baduspan, aided the Samanids in conquering Tabaristan. After the successful Samanid conquest, Sharwin's domains were restored to him. However, in 914, Hasan al-Utrush managed to re-establish Zaydid control over Tabaristan, and forced Sharwin accept the Zaydids as his overlord and pay tribute to them. Sharwin seems to have later aided Makan ibn Kaki in his campaign to conquer Khorasan from the Samanids in 930, where Sharwin shortly died, and was succeeded by his son Shahriyar II. Vushmgir, who would become the overlord of Tabaristan in 935, married Sharwin's daughter after the latter's death.
# Dacharzów

Dacharzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczyce, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Wilczyce, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Sandomierz, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Tio Papi

Tio Papi is a 2013 American comedy-drama film directed by Fro Rojas, and starring Joey Dedio, Elizabeth Rodriguez, Kelly McGillis and Frankie Faison.

## Cast

* Joey Dedio
* Elizabeth Rodriguez
* Kelly McGillis
* Frankie Faison
* Gabriella Fanuele
* David Castro
* Fátima Ptacek
* Sebastian Martinez
* Nicolette Pierini
* Dax Roy

## Release

The film was released in theaters on September 6, 2013.

## Reception

The film has a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Sandie Angulo Chen of Common Sense Media awarded the film three stars out of five.
# La Bloutière

La Bloutière (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# SIPA S.70

The SIPA S.70 was a late 1940s French eight-passenger light transport aircraft prototype built by Société Industrielle Pour l’Aéronautique (SIPA).

## Design and development

The design for a commercial light transport for inter-city routes was started in 1947, the S.70 was a wooden, twin-engined, low-wing cantilever, cabin monoplane with a twin tail. Powered by two 210 hp (157 kW) Mathis G.8R piston engines it had room for six to eight passengers with a pilot sat centrally at the front. The prototype, registered F-WZCI, was flown in 1949 but very little else is known and it did not enter production.

## Specification

Data from French postwar transport aircraft, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947.
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 6-8 passengers
* Length: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 13.8 m (45 ft 3 in)
* Height: 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 24.59 m$^2$ (264.7 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,294 kg (2,853 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,428 kg (5,353 lb) with 8 passengers
* Powerplant: 2 × Mathis G.8R inverted air-cooled V-8 piston engines, 160 kW (210 hp) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed Legére variable-pitch airscrews
Performance
* Maximum speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
* Cruise speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) 70% power
* Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi)
* Wing loading: 99 kg/m$^2$ (20 lb/sq ft) with 8 passengers
* Fuel consumption: 0.238 kg/km (0.84 lb/mi)
* Power/mass: 9.18 kg/kW (15.1 lb/hp)
# Samuel Mendelsohn (inventor)

Samuel Mendelsohn (March 3, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American inventor credited with the invention of synchronized flash photography.
The New York Times said that his invention "opened a new era in photojournalism".
# 1914 Wofford Terriers football team

The 1914 Wofford Terriers football team represented Wofford College as a member the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1914 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Curtis McCoy, the team compiled an overall record of 1–7–1, with a mark of 0–1 in conference play.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 3 | Riverside Military Academy* | Spartanburg, SC | T 0–0 |
| October 10 | at Furman* | Greenville, SC | L 12–19 |
| October 17 | Davidson* | Spartanburg, SC | L 6–86 |
| October 24 | Presbyterian* | Spartanburg, SC | W 7–0 |
| October 28 | vs. Newberry* | State FairgroundsColumbia, SC | L 0–36 |
| November 4 | South Carolina* | Spartanburg FairgroundsSpartanburg, SC | L 0–25 |
| November 7 | at Florida | University FieldGainesville, FL | L 0–66 |
| November 26 | Newberry* | Spartanburg, SC | L 7–15 |
| December 5 | at Wake Forest* | Wake Forest, NC | L 0–41 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# Delbert E. Metzger

Delbert E. Metzger (March 4, 1875 - April 24, 1967) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii in the Territory of Hawaii.

## Early life and education

Born in Ozwakie, Jefferson County, Kansas. Delbert grew up on the shores of Lake Perry, outside of Topeka, he attended local private and public schools before attending Washburn College in Topeka for a year in 1893–94.

## Career

Delbert E. Metzger worked as a realtor, a grain dealer, a newspaper publisher, a theatrical producer, an accountant, a justice of peace, city attorney, and mining engineer.
He volunteered as an engineer in the U.S. Army in the Spanish American War. He served from June 1898 to May 1899 with the 2 U.S. Volunteer Engineers and was a private. In 1899, he was sent to Oahu to complete the first land survey of Pearl Harbor. Metzger remained in Hawaii, drilling artesian wells for Lucius E. Pinkham.
He was a railroad superintendent for the Oahu Railroad. In 1912, he was elected as one of five Senators from the 1st district. He served in the Hawaii Territorial Senate from 1912 to 1915. He later served as a District Magistrate, and Territorial Treasurer.
On July 12, 1934, Metzger was nominated to be a judge on the former 4th Circuit territorial court in Hilo.

## Federal judicial service

In 1939, Metzger was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii vacated by Judge Edward Minor Watson Jr. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on the same day on August 2, 1939. He was sworn in on August 25, 1939. Metzger was reappointed to additional six year terms until 1952, when he was replaced by John Wiig.

## Post-judicial service

He was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1952 and 1954 losing to Republican incumbent Joseph Farrington and Republican candidate and Farrington's widow Elizabeth Farrington respectively.
# 1927 Brownlow Medal

The 1927 Brownlow Medal was the fourth year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Syd Coventry of the Collingwood Football Club won the medal by polling seven votes during the 1927 VFL season.

## Leading votegetters

| | Player | Votes |
| 1st | Syd Coventry (Collingwood) | 7 |
| =2nd | Dick Taylor (Melbourne) | 6 |
| =2nd | Alex Duncan (Carlton) | 6 |
| =4th | Edward 'Carji' Greeves (Geelong) | 5 |
| =4th | Alan Geddes (Richmond) | 5 |
| =6th | George Jerram (Geelong) | 3 |
| =6th | Greg Stockdale (Essendon) | 3 |
| =6th | Austin Robertson Sr. (South Melbourne) | 3 |
| =6th | Leo Dwyer (North Melbourne) | 3 |
| =6th | Tom O'Halloran (Richmond) | 3 |
| =6th | Ernest Utting (Hawthorn) | 3 |
# Mürzzuschlag District

Bezirk Mürzzuschlag is a former district of the state of Styria in Austria. Mürzzuschlag merged with the district of Bruck an der Mur to form the new district Bruck-Mürzzuschlag on January 1, 2013.

## Municipalities

Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
* Allerheiligen im Mürztal
** Edelsdorf, Jasnitz, Leopersdorf, Sölsnitz, Wieden
* Altenberg an der Rax
** Altenberg, Greith, Steinalpl
* Ganz
** Auersbach, Eichhorntal, Lambach, Schöneben
* Kapellen
** Raxen, Stojen
* Kindberg
* Krieglach
** Alpl, Freßnitz, Freßnitzgraben, Krieglach-Schwöbing, Malleisten, Massing, Sommer
* Langenwang
** Feistritzberg, Hönigsberg, Langenwang-Schwöbing, Lechen, Mitterberg, Pretul, Traibach
* Mitterdorf im Mürztal
** Lutschaun
* Mürzhofen
* Mürzsteg
** Dobrein, Dürrenthal, Frein an der Mürz, Kaltenbach, Lanau, Niederalpl, Scheiterboden, Tebrin
* Mürzzuschlag
** Auersbach, Edlach, Hönigsberg, Kohleben, Lambach, Pernreit, Schöneben
* Neuberg an der Mürz
** Alpl, Arzbach, Dorf, Krampen, Lechen, Neudörfl, Veitschbach
* Spital am Semmering
** Steinhaus am Semmering
* Stanz im Mürztal
** Brandstatt, Dickenbach, Fladenbach, Fochnitz, Hollersbach, Possegg, Retsch, Sonnberg, Traßnitz, Unteralm
* Veitsch
** Großveitsch, Kleinveitsch, Niederaigen
* Wartberg im Mürztal
# Louis Dubois (politician)

Louis Joseph Marie Dubois (10 June 1859 – 20 January 1946) was a French politician who was Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts and Telegraphs in the second cabinet of Georges Clemenceau.

## Life
### Early years

Louis Joseph Marie Dubois was born on 10 June 1859 in Le Palais, Morbihan, slave of a merchant ship owner. He went to schools in Lamballe and Dinan for his secondary education. In 1878 he was a volunteer. In 1879 he attended the Vincennes Administration School and became an administrative officer.

### Businessman

Dubois resigned in 1890 and founded Le Tourangeau, a newspaper that appeared weekly and then bi-weekly in Tours. The paper campaigned for reconstruction of the vineyards and improved methods of cultivation. At the same time he founded several regional agricultural and wine unions, and became secretary-general of the Union of Indre-et-Loire Vineyard Owners". He was active in a movement to improve Loire navigation.
Around 1893 Dubois met M. P. Prieur, inventor of processes to print photographs using three colors. They founded the firm of "Prieur et Dubois" in Puteaux, which made photo-engravings and tricolor prints. The firm's luxury prints and reproductions of artworks won prizes at the universal exhibitions in St. Louis (1904), Liège (1905), Milan (1906), London (1908), Brussels (1910) and Turin (1911). Dubois also founded the Journal de l'Entreprise et de l'Industrie (Journal of Enterprise and Industry) in Paris, which became the Moniteur des Travaux publics (Monitor of Public Works).

### Politician

In 1904 Dubois competed unsuccessfully for election to the General Council of the Seine department as Republican candidate for the canton of Puteaux. On 6 May 1906 he ran unsuccessfully for deputy for the 6th arrondissement of Saint-Denis. In the general elections of April–May 1910 he succeeded in being elected as deputy for the 6th district of Saint-Denis. He joined the Progressive Republican group. Dubois was reelected in the general elections of April–May 1914. After World War I (1914–18) he was a member of the committee that reviewed the various peace treaties in 1919, and was responsible for a report on the draft law to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
Dubois was reelected for the 4th district of the Seine in the general elections of 16 November 1919, running on the Democratic Republican Union platform, He was Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts and Telegraphs, with responsibility for maritime transport and the merchant marine, from 27 November 1919 to 20 January 1920 in the second cabinet of Georges Clemenceau. On 19 May 1920 he was appointed French representative on the International Reparations Commission, and became president. He resigned from this position on 2 September 1922. Dubois was reelected in the general elections of 11 May 1924 and again in the general elections of 22–29 April 1928. He was defeated in the general elections of May 1932. Louis Dubois died on 18 January 1946 in Puteaux, Seine.