OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture

Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA) is a graphics interface standard created by Texas Instruments that defined the software interface to graphics processors. Using this standard, any software written for TIGA should work correctly on a TIGA-compliant graphics interface card.
The TIGA standard is independent of resolution and color depth which provides a certain degree of future proofing. This standard was designed for high-end graphics. However, TIGA was not widely adopted. Instead, VESA and Super VGA became the de facto standard for PC graphics devices after the VGA. Texas Instrument's TMS34010 and TMS34020 Graphics System Processors (GSP) were the original TIGA-compliant graphics processors.

## Clone Hardware

The primary manufacturers of mainstream TIGA cards for the PC clone market included Number Nine Visual Technology and Hercules. Number Nine Visual Technology graphics cards using Texas Instruments' TIGA co-processors were made from about 1986 to 1992, including the Pepper and GX series. Hercules manufactured cards such as the Graphics Station and Chrome lines which were marketed primarily toward users of Microsoft Windows.
Desktop Computing AGA 1024 card was capable of emulating TIGA standards, besides IBM 8514.
In the early 1990s, Texas Instruments France (which had marketing control for TIGA architecture and GSP chipsets in Europe) experimented with manufacturing and selling its own range of consumer oriented video cards based on TIGA and aimed at speeding up the user experience of Windows. These products were named TIGA Diamond (34020 based) and TIGA Star (34010 based), and provided a platform for selling TI DRAM and video palette chips as well as the GSP chips themselves.

## Impact

Despite the superiority of the technology in comparison to typical Super VGA cards of the era, the relatively high cost and emerging local bus graphics standards meant that IT distributors and PC manufacturers could not see a niche for these products at consumer level.
The (limited) success of the graphics cards paved the way for products based upon various derivatives and clones of IBM's 8514 architecture. Part of the effort to make graphics accelerators useful required TI to convince Microsoft that the internal interfaces to its Windows Operating System had to be adaptable instead of hard-coded. Indeed, all versions of Windows prior to Windows 3.0 were "hard-coded" to specific graphics hardware.
# Soyedina washingtoni

Soyedina washingtoni, the vernal forestfly, is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. It is found in North America.
# Ruth Witt-Diamant

Ruth Witt-Diamant was a professor at San Francisco State University from 1931. She founded and was the first director of the SFSU Poetry Center in 1954. In her later years, after she retired at age 65, she traveled and taught English poetry at Tokyo University in Japan, becoming a good friend of the Tokugawa family and especially Mrs. Tokugawa. She met Mrs. Tokugawa at a party she attended at the English Embassy in Tokyo, with her friends in the diplomatic service, the McAlpines. She also went on a pilgrimage to Mt. Fuji with Mrs. Tokugawa and her poems, written at the nightly stops, are now held by her son, Stephen Witt Diamant.
She hosted many famous poets in her guest room when she owned the house at 1520 Willard Street. Among the writers who slept here were Anaïs Nin, W. H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, James Broughton, Robert Lowell, Stephen Spender and Theodore Roethke, but probably the most famous was Dylan Thomas, a good and close friend of hers, who wrote some rather droll poems about the beer that "magically appeared" in Ruth's icebox.
The Ruth Witt-Diamant Poetry Prize is awarded in her name by San Francisco State University Poetry Center.
# Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative

The Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI) is an open file format commonly used to store brain imaging data obtained using Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods.
# Kolli, Estonia

Kolli is a village in Otepää Parish, Valga County in Estonia.
# Jonathon Williams

Jonathon Williams (born April 16, 1990) is an American basketball player, with a height of 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m). He plays as small forward or power forward.

## Professional career

On July 5, 2014, Williams signed his first professional contract with Itzehoe Eagles of the 1.Regionalliga, the German fourth division.
Williams played for Hamburg Towers in the German second tier ProA in the 2015–16 season, as he averaged 12.7 points and 5.5 rebounds. In 2016, he transferred to Kirchheim Knights. With Kirchheim, Williams was the leading scorer of the 2016–17 ProA season, averaging 18.8 points per game.
On July 3, 2018, Williams signed with New Heroes Den Bosch of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL) and FIBA Europe Cup.
On February 28, 2021, Williams signed with Heroes Den Bosch for a second stint.
# National Academy of Sciences, India

The National Academy of Sciences, India, established in 1930, is the oldest science academy in India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.

## Fellows

* Suddhasatwa Basu
* Sudha Bhattacharya
* Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah
* Vinod Krishan
* Suhas S. Joshi
* Neelam Sangwan
* Rajender Singh Sangwan
* Ram Parikshan Roy

## Publications

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India was a peer-review scientific journal established in 1930. It split in two parts in 1942.
* Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences
* Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
The academy also publishes National Academy Science Letters.
# Portia

Portia may refer to:

## Biology

* Portia (spider), a genus of jumping spiders
* Portia tree, a plant native to Polynesia
* Anaea troglodyta or Portia, a brush-footed butterfly

## Other uses

* Portia (given name), the history and usage of the given name
* Portia (moon), a moon of Uranus
* Portia, Missouri, a community in the United States
* PORTIA, portfolio-management software from Thomson Financial
* Portia Club, a women's club in Payette, Idaho, U.S.
* HMS Lennox (1914) or HMS Portia, a Laforey-class destroyer launched in 1914
# National Bank of New Zealand Ltd v Ram

National Bank of New Zealand Ltd v Ram [1992] 4 NZBLC 102,619 is a New Zealand case that covers the grey area of the legal capacity of minors when they are between 18 and 20 years old.

## Background

Martin Ram was an 18-year-old high school student. His brother was in the process of purchasing a takeaway bar, and was using a company structure to own it. Due to a legal requirement at the time, a company needed at least two shareholders, resulting in Ram taking only a nominal shareholding of only one share (and his brother owning the remaining shares). Ram took no involvement in his brother's new business.
Unfortunately for Ram, the company sought a loan from the National Bank, which required all shareholders to personally guarantee the debt. The loan later came into default, and the bank sued both shareholders individually under the guarantees they gave earlier.
Ram filed a defense under section 5(2) of the Minors Contracts Act claiming the guarantee was oppressive, as he claimed the bank did not explain the nature and effect of the guarantee at the time he signed.

## Decision

Ram if he was aged under 18 or less when he signed the guarantee, would have a rock solid defence because contracts entered into by minors aged under 18 are legally void i.e. not legally enforceable (although there are some exceptions). However, because he was aged 18, Ram had to meet the much tougher standard of the contract being merely voidable, i.e. he had to show that the contract was unfair to him.
Master Williams QC said:
   The result is that contracts with persons under the age of 18 years are unenforceable against them if the District Court orders to the contrary, contracts with persons aged 18 and 19 years of age are enforceable against them unless the District Court orders to the contrary and contracts with persons 20 years of age and over all married persons of whatever age are fully enforceable against them.
Ultimately Ram's defence failed, as the judge found it improbable that the bank officer would not have explained the terms of the contract to him. Ram's defense also failed because at the time he had a lawyer that he could have consulted with, but ultimately chose not to discuss this with his lawyer. Ram was ordered liable to pay the debt.
# James John Walker

James John Walker may refer to:
* Jimmy Walker (1881–1946), mayor of New York City, 1926–1932
* James John Walker (entomologist) (1851–1939), English entomologist
* James John Walker (1846–1922), businessman, see J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd, organ makers
# Nathaniel Thayer (disambiguation)

Nathaniel Thayer (1769–1840) was an American minister.
Nathaniel Thayer can mean also:
* Nathaniel Thayer Jr. (1808–1883), son of previous, American financier and philanthropist
* Nathaniel Thayer III (1851–1911), son of previous, American banker and railroad executive
* Nate Thayer (1960–2023), American journalist
# James McCann (drugs trafficker)

James Joseph McCann (born 25 March 1939) is a figure who has been linked with Irish republicanism, drug trafficking and the smuggling of arms to the Provisional IRA in the 1970s.

## Background

McCann has dual British and Irish citizenship, and uses an Irish passport. In 1971 he escaped from Belfast's Crumlin Road Prison, where he was awaiting trial for a petrol-bombing at Queen's University.
Prominent drugs trafficker Howard Marks was involved with McCann for several years in smuggling hashish from Afghanistan through Irish ports, specifically Shannon Airport, to the UK via Milford Haven in Wales. He was imprisoned at various times in Germany, France, Canada, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland on drug- or political violence-related matters.
He was described as "possibly the most effective arms supplier" for the IRA in the 1970s. He was arrested in the Republic of Ireland in 1979 on a drugs trafficking charge and held in Portlaoise Prison, but was not convicted.
On 2 March 1991, McCann was arrested in a hotel in Düsseldorf, Germany, under the name of Robert Gustave Baehr. Identified by his fingerprints as James McCann, he was charged with being a member of a criminal gang, with smuggling 1,528 kilograms of hashish from Morocco to England in March 1988, and with possession of two false passports and small quantities of cannabis and cocaine. In December 1992, after 21 months on remand, McCann was found guilty of participating in "a criminal gang whose purpose was to traffic in considerable amounts of narcotics" and of possession of false passports and quantities of cocaine and cannabis. McCann was sentenced to three years for the drugs trafficking charge and six months each on the other charges, six of which were concurrent. As he had already served almost half the 42-month sentence in detention, he was released shortly afterwards and travelled to the Netherlands.

## Cultural depictions

McCann was a major character in the 2010 Howard Marks biopic Mr. Nice, where he was played by David Thewlis.
# National Democratic Convention

The phrase "National Democratic Convention" may refer to either of
* National Democratic Convention (South Africa), a political party in South Africa
* Democratic National Convention, a presidential nominating convention held every four years by the Democratic party of the United States
# Porcellio rufobrunneus

Porcellio rufobrunneus is a species of woodlouse from the Porcellionidae family. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1923 by Omer-Cooper.
# Porcellio spinipennis

Porcellio spinipennis is a species of woodlouse in the genus Porcellio belonging to the family Porcellionidae that can be found in such European countries as Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Slovakia.
# Portland Eagles

The Portland Eagles were a minor league professional hockey team located in Portland, Oregon. They were known as the Portland Penguins for one season.

## History

The Eagles competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey League from 1944 until the team's final season in 1951. In the Eagles' inaugural season, they placed second in the PCHL losing to the Seattle Ironmen in the championship game. The Eagles placed first in their division next season (1945–46) and went on to defeat the Ironmen in the semifinals. However, the Eagles would be swept by the Los Angeles Monarchs in the finals. The Eagles would go on to make the playoffs twice in their remaining seasons both times resulting in a first-round loss.
The team changed its name to the Portland Penguins for the 1949–50 season. In 1950–51, the team's final season, the Eagles name was brought back and Tony Hemmerling was appointed head coach. The Eagles lost in the first round of the playoffs in 1951. 1950–51 would be the last season for the Eagles because of financial problems and a worsening arena, the team folded.

## NHL Players

* Gordon Buttrey
* Don Campbell
* Red Carr
* Les Colvin
* Hec Highton
* John Holota
* Eddie Kullman
* Bill Kyle
* Jack McDonald
* Al Millar
* Bill Summerhill
* Aubrey Webster
# Portals to Uphobia

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Portals to Uphobia is the second full-length studio album Detonation released on the French label Osmose Productions.
The artwork for the album was created by Niklas Sundin of Dark Tranquillity.

## Track listing

* "Into Sulphur I Descend" − 5:13
* "Portals to Uphobia" − 3:07
* "Structural Deceit" − 4:44
* "Chaos Banished" − 3:59
* "End of Sight, End of Fears" − 4:40
* "Lost Euphoria Part III (instrumental)" − 3:51
* "The Loss of Motion Control" − 4:31
* "Solitude Reflected" − 5:01
* "Beyond the Margin" − 4:01
* "The Source to Delve" − 4:44

## Credits
### Band members

* Koen Romeijn − Vocals, Guitar
* Mike Ferguson − Guitar
* Thomas Kalksma − Drums
* Otto Schimmelpenninck − Bass guitar

### Guest appearances

* Michiel Bikker − first guitar solo on track 5

### Other

* Niklas Sundin − Cover Artwork
* This 2000s death metal album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Joseph C. Hough Jr.

Joseph Carl Hough Jr. was an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ and served as the interim president of Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California from 2009 to 2010. He was an author, coauthor, and editor of several books.
Hough was the fifteenth president of Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York where he served for 9 years. He served as the William E. Dodge Professor of Social Ethics Emeritus.
Hough also worked with Vanderbilt University and Claremont School of Theology.

## Education

Hough completed his undergraduate studies at Wake Forest University and his B.D., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University.

## Death

Hough died on May 15, 2023 at the age of 89 after a five year battle with Alzheimer's disease.

## Awards

He has been awarded various honour during his career.
* Doctor of Divinity from Wake Forest University
* Centennial Medal for Distinguished Services from Claremont Graduate University
* Joshua Award from the Jewish Federation Council
* Alumni Award for Distinction in Theological Education from Yale Divinity School
* "Urban Angels" Award from New York Theological Seminary
* Distinguished Service Award from the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada

## Works
### Books

* Hough, Joseph C. (1968). Black Power and White Protestants: a Christian response to the new Negro pluralism. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 312410.
* ———; Rhoades, Dan D. (1971). Project Understanding: a report and evaluation. Claremont, CA: School of Theology at Claremont. OCLC 874405025.
* ———; McConahay, John B. (1975). Value Roots of Symbolic Racism. Durham, NC: Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, Duke University. OCLC 2236074.
* ——— (1981). The Politics of Theological Education. Occasional papers - United Methodist Board of Higher Education and Ministry. Nashville, TN: United Methodist Board of Higher Education and Ministry. OCLC 9486281.
* ———; Cobb, John B. (1985). Christian Identity and Theological Education. Scholars Press Studies in Religious and Theological Scholarship. Chico, CA: Scholars Press. ISBN 978-0-891-30855-3. OCLC 12107437.
* ———; Wheeler, Barbara G., eds. (1988). Beyond Clericalism: The Congregation as a Focus for Theological Education. Scholars Press Studies in Religious and Theological Scholarship. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press. ISBN 978-1-555-40235-8. OCLC 18417593.
* ———; Griffin, David Ray, eds. (1991). Theology and the University: essays in honor of John B. Cobb, Jr. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-791-40592-5. OCLC 21674143.
* ——— (1992). The Theological Work of the University Scholar. Theology in the University. Pittsburgh, PA: Association of Theological Schools. OCLC 34429199. - approximate date

### Articles

* ——— (1977). "Christian Social Ethics as Advocacy". Journal of Religious Ethics. 5 (1): 115–133.
# Portuguese colonial exhibition

The Portuguese colonial exhibition was a world's fair held in Porto, Portugal in 1934 to display achievements of Portugal's colonies in Africa and Asia and allow the visitors to travel throughout the empire in a metaphorical sense.
Portugal's director of 'Colonial Show Fairs' Henrique Galvão who had represented Portugal at the Paris Colonial Exposition in 1931 was made the technical director for this exhibition.
It was decided to re-use the Palácio de Cristal which had been constructed for an earlier exhibition in Porto.
It ran from 16 June to 30 September and by the time it had closed there had been 1.5 million visitors.

## Exhibits

The Exhibition featured over 400 exhibits placed around streets that were named after different areas of the Portuguese Empire. The exhibits came from Portugal itself (Braga, Chaves, Leixões, Matosinhos and Porto), Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea (Guinea-Bissau), India, Macao (including a reproduction of the Guia lighthouse), Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Timor (Portuguese Timor).
There were reproductions of villages from different colonies and of the Padrões of Dighton and Yellala, along with a zoo, restaurants a theatre, a cinema which showed 'The Dawn Patrol and an amusement park. The Macao pavilion included a teahouse and Chinese musicians while India was represented by a Hindu temple.

## Indigenous Presence

As similar to other colonial exhibitions in Europe, native people from the colonies were present at the exhibition as features of the exhibits and as sources of anthropological study. Reports say that 324 native people were at the colonial exhibition but only 185 were officially given assistance. The indigenous people present were also the subjects of portraits such as those by the artist Eduardo Malta which were put to use as picture postcards. Photography taken by Fotografia Alvão also involved the natives present at the exhibition. While the indigenous people of the colonies were referred to as Portuguese citizens, they were also treated as being of the classification "indigenous" and were viewed as curiosities from the colonies.
# James Hall (governor)

James Hall (April 9, 1802 – August 31, 1889) was an American physician who founded the colony of Maryland-in-Africa. Hall served as its governor from 1833 to 1836.

## Early life and education

James Hall was born on April 9, 1802, in Cornish, New Hampshire, to parents Nathaniel and Prudence Hall. James studied medicine with Dr. Nathan Smith, and later attended the Medical School of Maine. He graduated with an M.D. in 1822. He practiced medicine in Claremont, New Hampshire, as well as Windsor, Vermont, until 1829, when rheumatism caused James to lose partial use of his left leg, which necessitated the use of a crutch and cane for the rest of his life. He later spent time in the West Indies.

## Maryland-in-Africa

In 1831, Hall sailed to Liberia with a group of colonists. There he served as colonial physician for two years, after which he returned to the United States. In 1833, the Maryland State Colonization Society commissioned Hall to establish a new Liberian colony at Cape Palmas. Hall did so, and served as governor of the colony of Maryland-in-Africa from October 1833 until his resignation in July 1836. After his resignation, he returned to the United States. Hall continued work with the Maryland State Colonization Society, as a general agent, as well as with the American Colonization Society, as a commercial agent, from 1840 to 1861. The colony Hall founded gained independence in 1854, but was annexed by Liberia in 1857. In 1877, Hall donated the organization papers of the Maryland State Colonization Society to the Maryland Historical Society.

## Personal life

Hall married Caroline Matilda on October 31, 1825, in Charlestown, New Hampshire. Together they had two children. Caroline died in 1829.

## Later life and death

Hall spent his retirement in Elkridge, Maryland. Hall there died on August 31, 1889. He was interred in Green Mount Cemetery.
# James Coventry

James Coventry is an Australian sports journalist who has worked for the ABC since 2002. He is currently the national sports editor He also appears on ABC Radio Grandstand's AFL coverage.
A fan of Australian rules football since his childhood in Adelaide, South Australia, Coventry was the 2009 winner of the fantasy sports competition AFL Dream Team, and has written about fantasy football for the AFL Prospectus. In 2015, his first book Time and Space: The Tactics That Shaped Australian Rules and the Players and Coaches Who Mastered Them was published by HarperCollins. Historian Bernard Whimpress called it "one of the most important books yet written on the evolution of Australian Rules football". His second book Footballistics: How the Data Analytics Revolution is Uncovering Footy's Hidden Truths was published by HarperCollins in 2018. He co-authored the book with a group of football analysts.
# Megachile sandacana

Megachile sandacana is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1919.
# Melanagh

Melanagh (fromIrishMeallanacht, meaning 'O'Mellonscountry') is an ancient Irish district in what is now north-eastern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Melanagh along with Tarraghter were once part of the barony of Loughinsholin until the Plantation of Ulster, which saw them merged with the barony of Mountjoy (modern-day barony of Dungannon Upper).
Situated to the south of Slieve Gallion, Melanagh was divided into two portions. One portion lay in between Tarraghter and Killetra, in an area roughly in between the Ballinderry and Lissan Rivers. The other portion lay in between Tarraghter, Killetra, and Glenconkeyne. Both portions were connected by Tarraghters termon lands.

## History

Melanagh derives its name from the Irish Meallanacht, which means "O'Mellans country". It was a termon (church land) of which the O'Mellans were the erenaghs. During the Plantation of Ulster it passed into ownership of the Church of Ireland, thus Melanagh passed into the hands of the Archbishop of Armagh, who in turn leased it to English and Scottish settlers.
In 1628, Dr. Allen Cooke, an English ecclesiastical lawyer, received a grant from King Charles I to build a market town, which was to become known as Cooke's Town (modern day Cookstown). Cooke purchased extensive areas of land in Malenagh from the Archbishop of Armagh, including the townland of "Core Criche" on which Cookstown was founded.
Despite deriving from the same origin, the O'Mellans who gave their name to the district were originally located south of the Sperrin Mountains, whilst the O'Mullans were located north of them.