OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Narada dialect

The Narada dialect (Japanese: 奈良田方言 narada hogen) was a Japanese dialect spoken in the village of Narada, Hayakawa, located in Yamanashi Prefecture. Having formerly been isolated for centuries from surrounding areas, the dialect was considered a language island within the Tokai-Tosan dialect group, possessing various traits unique to Narada.

## History

Narada was exceptionally isolated from ancient times; until the Meiji era the nearest settlement was over 2 hours away on foot. Villagers married exclusively amongst themselves, and interactions with outsiders were rare. This environment fostered the persistence of older linguistic traits whilst also spurring the development of locally unique features. After World War II, various prefectural assemblies sought to have academic research conducted into the Narada dialect, with the resultant studies generating nationwide attention. Despite this, development of the nearby town of Hayakawa for electricity generation purposes, in addition to other factors, led to substantial changes in the lives of the residents. A following increase in emigration and the continued ageing of its population meant that by the 1970s, young speakers had all but vanished, placing the dialect at risk of extinction. In 1998, all speakers were aged 40 or over, and by 2020 the dialect had fallen out of everyday use. Despite its sharp decline, a recent study found that the pitch accent and grammar of the Japanese spoken by current residents is heavily influenced by the former dialect.

## Grammar

In the formerly long-secluded Narada, archaic grammar has been well preserved, with multiple unique traits.

### Auxiliary verbs

* Nu (ぬ) and noo (のー) are used as negative auxiliary verbs. For example: kakanai (書かない don't write) = kakanoo (かかのー). No is thought to originate from -nafu (-なふ) in Central Old Japanese, and is also found in another language island, the Ikawa dialect.
* Too (とー) is used for the past tense of a verb. It is also used in other parts of Yamanashi Prefecture. For example: nonda (飲んだ drank) = nondoo (のんどー).
* Usage of ra (ら) and zura (ずら) for conjecture and zaa (ざー) and zu (ず) for volition and persuasion is shared with the Koshu dialect.

### Particles

* Sa (さ) is used as an equivalent to the directional particles ni (に) and he (へ) in standard Japanese.
* Totte (とって) is used as an equivalent to the adversative conjunction keredo (けれど but, although).
* De (で) is used as a cause/reason-expressing conjunction, whilst node (ので because, so) and kara (から same as node) are rarely used.
# Salix candida

Salix candida, also known as sageleaf willow, is a shrub in the Salicaceae family found in northern United States and Canada. It is 0.5 to 3.5 m tall.

## Description

Salix candida is a deciduous shrub. It grows in wetlands, particularly fens.
# Nino and the Ebb Tides

Nino and the Ebb Tides were a doo-wop musical group based in the Bronx, New York, formed in 1956.
Their first recording, Franny Franny (credited to "The Ebb Tides"), was the result of meeting talent scout Murray Jacobs in 1957 and was widely played by Alan Freed. Later releases were on Jacobs' newly formed Recorte Records, before the group moved on to Madison Records.
One of their recordings that reached the charts, "Jukebox Saturday Night", was a cover of a Glenn Miller tune. On September 4, 1961, their "Juke Box Saturday Night" charted on Billboard's Top 100, reaching number 57.
The group was managed by Ralph Fusco, also from the Bronx, NY.
# 1913–14 Hibernian F.C. season

During the 1913–14 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, finished thirteenth out of 20 clubs in the Scottish First Division.

## Scottish First Division

| Match Day | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Attendance |
| 1 | 16 August | Third Lanark | A | 1–2 | 12,000 |
| 2 | 23 August | Aberdeen | H | 1–0 | 12,000 |
| 3 | 30 August | Raith Rovers | A | 1–1 | 4,000 |
| 4 | 6 September | Celtic | H | 1–2 | 15,000 |
| 5 | 13 September | Hamilton Academical | A | 1–0 | 4,000 |
| 6 | 15 September | Rangersd | H | 0–3 | 12,000 |
| 7 | 20 September | Partick Thistle | H | 0–2 | 6,000 |
| 8 | 27 September | Kilmarnock | A | 3–0 | 4,000 |
| 9 | 4 October | Dundee | H | 4–1 | 8,000 |
| 10 | 11 October | Dumbarton | A | 3–0 | 7,000 |
| 11 | 18 October | Falkirk | H | 0–3 | 12,000 |
| 12 | 25 October | Motherwell | A | 3–2 | 5,000 |
| 13 | 1 November | Clyde | H | 1–1 | 4,000 |
| 14 | 8 November | Heart of Midlothian | H | 1–2 | 21,000 |
| 15 | 15 November | Queen's Park | A | 2–4 | 6,000 |
| 16 | 22 November | Airdrieonians | H | 1–4 | 10,000 |
| 17 | 29 November | Morton | A | 1–2 | 8,000 |
| 18 | 6 December | St Mirren | A | 3–3 | 4,000 |
| 19 | 13 December | Hamilton Academical | H | 6–0 | 6,000 |
| 20 | 20 December | Ayr United | A | 2–1 | 5,000 |
| 21 | 27 December | Third Lanark | H | 1–0 | 1,500 |
| 22 | 3 January | Dundee | A | 2–2 | 12,000 |
| 23 | 10 January | Raith Rovers | H | 0–3 | 8,000 |
| 24 | 17 January | Kilmarnock | H | 0–1 | 7,000 |
| 25 | 24 January | Partick Thistle | A | 0–3 | 7,000 |
| 26 | 31 January | Ayr United | H | 0–5 | 6,000 |
| 27 | 14 February | Heart of Midlothian | A | 1–3 | 16,000 |
| 28 | 28 February | Clyde | A | 0–4 | 5,000 |
| 29 | 14 March | Queen's Park | H | 2–3 | 6,000 |
| 30 | 18 March | St Mirren | H | 5–3 | 5,000 |
| 31 | 21 March | Aberdeen | A | 2–1 | 4,000 |
| 32 | 25 March | Morton | H | 1–2 | 5,000 |
| 33 | 4 April | Falkirk | A | 2–3 | 4,500 |
| 34 | 7 April | Rangers | A | 1–1 | 4,000 |
| 35 | 15 April | Dumbarton | H | 1–1 | 5,000 |
| 36 | 18 April | Celtic | A | 0–3 | 12,000 |
| 37 | 25 April | Airdrieonians | A | 3–4 | 5,000 |
| 38 | 28 April | Motherwell | H | 2–0 | 4,000 |

### Final League table

| P | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 12 | Kilmarnock | 38 | 11 | 9 | 18 | 48 | 68 | –20 | 31 |
| 13 | Hibernian | 38 | 12 | 6 | 20 | 58 | 75 | –17 | 30 |
| 14 | Aberdeen | 38 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 38 | 55 | –17 | 30 |

### Scottish Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Attendance |
| R2 | 7 February | Morton | A | 1–1 | 10,000 |
| R2 R | 11 February | Morton | H | 2–1 | 13,000 |
| R3 | 21 February | Rangers | H | 2–1 | 28,000 |
| R4 | 7 March | Queen's Park | A | 3–1 | 55,000 |
| SF | 28 March | St Mirren | N | 3–1 | 30,000 |
| F | 11 April | Celtic | N | 0–0 | 56,000 |
| F R | 16 April | Celtic | N | 1–4 | 36,000 |
# Joseph Kizito

Joseph Kizito may refer to:
* Joseph Kizito (footballer), Ugandan footballer
* Joseph Kizito (priest), Ugandan-born Roman Catholic priest and bishop in South Africa
# Josh Gilbert

Josh Gilbert may refer to:
* Josh Gilbert (filmmaker) (1962–2016), American screenwriter and documentary filmmaker
* Josh Gilbert (musician) (born 1987), American bassist, singer, songwriter, and producer
* Josh Gilbert (swimmer), New Zealand swimmer; see List of New Zealand records in swimming
* Joshua Gilbert (born 1993), Bermudian cricketer
# Powder Horn Pond

Powder Horn Pond is a lake in Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
Powder Horn Pond has an outline in the shape of a powderhorn, hence the name.
# Navaleno

Navaleno, which means "Meadow of Hay", is a municipality located to the northwest of the province of Soria, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, in Spain.

## Geography

* Altitude: 1,105 meters. Latitude: 41° 49 ' 59 " N. Longitude: 003° 00 ' 00 ".
* Located in the zone of Low Pine Groves (Pinares Bajos) between the mountain ranges of Urbión and Resomo by the north, the mountain ranges of Nafria to the south and Cabrejas to the east.
* It belongs to the jurisdiction district of Soria, and is crossed by the road N-234 (Burgos-Soria), main communication way of the zone.
* Population: 974 inhabitants according to the National Institute of Statistic (2005).
It considerably increases the population in summer for being site of leisure, ideal for hikers.

## History

It belongs to the "Hermandad de la Cabaña Real de Carreteros, Burgos-Soria", (Brotherhood of the Royal Route of Cartwrights Burgos--Soria), created in the 15th century during the reign of Catholic Monarchs.
The Parish Church is dedicated to "San Esteban Protomártir".

## Economy

The economy comes mainly from the forest industry for the creation of furniture, plank, board etc. Formerly great part of the population was dedicated to the transport of carts, like the neighbour villages. Navaleno and the zone are well known by the abundance and mycological quality that is in its pine groves.

## Curiosities

A scene from the film Doctor Zhivago by David Lean was filmed in the local railway station. Artificial snow had to be used that year because it didn't snow as expected when they wanted to film.

## Celebrations

* The Celebrations of the Jesus Child - (Second Sunday of the year) with a theatre contest.
* The "pingada" May 1 - (pine of a big size, you have to climb like one greasy pole).
* The celebrations of San Roque - (from August 14 to 18).
* San Esteban (December 26 ).

## Gallery

* View
* Parish Church
# James Town Mbo

James Town is an Effiat Town in Mbo local government area of Akwa Ibom state in Nigeria.
# Mendham

Mendham may refer to:
* Mendham, Saskatchewan, Canada
* Mendham, Suffolk, England
* Mendham Borough, New Jersey, USA
* Mendham Township, New Jersey, USA

## People with the surname

* Alice Mendham Powell, Americana educator
* John Mendham, English MP
* Joseph Mendham, English clergyman and controversialist
* Peter Mendham, English former footballer
# Posterior scrotal nerves

The posterior scrotal branches are two in number, medial and lateral. They are branches of the perineal nerve, which is itself a branch of the pudendal nerve. The pudendal nerve arises from spinal roots S2 through S4, travels through the pudendal canal on the fascia of the obturator internus muscle, and gives off the perineal nerve in the perineum. The major branch of the perineal nerve is the posterior scrotal/posterior labial.
They pierce the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and run forward along the lateral part of the urethral triangle in company with the posterior scrotal branches of the perineal artery; they are distributed to the skin of the scrotum or labia and communicate with the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
# Posterior shoulder

Posterior shoulder in obstetrics refers to the shoulder of the fetus other than the anterior shoulder. Thus, the posterior shoulder faces the rectum of the mother during delivery. Whether left or the right shoulder becomes the posterior shoulder is dependent upon the original position of the fetus. It is known as the posterior shoulder as it faces the posterior of the mother. This distinction between the anterior and the posterior shoulder is important as the anterior shoulder is delivered first.
# Poço da Panela

Poço da Panela is a neighborhood of Recife, Brazil located in the north of the city. It has a land area of 87 hectares, a resident population of 4,006 people and an annual geometric growth rate of 0.45. Adjoining neighborhoods are 'Casa Forte', 'Santana' and 'Monteiro', and it runs along the Capibaribe River. The majority of its residents are upper-middle class, although there are also residents of lower middle class and upper class.

## Main streets

* Estrada Real do Poço
* Rua Dona Olegarinha da Cunha
* Rua Luiz Guimarães
* Rua Dos Arcos
* Rua Oliveira Góes
* Rua do Chacon
# Nawabzada Shahabuddin Khan

Nawabzada Muhammad Shahabuddin Khan (Urdu: شہاب الدین خان‬) was the last Khan of Jandol, a princely state that is now part of Lower Dir District, Pakistan from 1947 to 1969. He is remembered for building schools, hospitals, forts and roads but also for his absolute rule over the region, which ended when Pakistan took control of Dir after local unrest.

## Life

He was the second son of Nawab of Dir Sir Nawab Shah Jahan Khan. After Partition in 1947 Nawab Shah Jehan made his three sons rulers of different parts of the state; Nawabzada Shahabuddin Khan governing Munda and Samar Bagh (Jandool), presently Lower Dir.
# Joseph Murphy (Irish politician)

Joseph Xavier Murphy was an Irish politician and company director. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as an Independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin County constituency at the September 1927 general election. He lost his seat at the 1932 general election.
# Požetva

Požetva (Cyrillic: Пожетва) is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 8, all Croats.
# Požežina

Požežina is a village situated in Novi Pazar municipality in Serbia.
# James R. Von Ehr II

James R. Von Ehr II (born in 1950) is an American programmer, inventor and entrepreneur. Von Ehr is the former chief executive of Zyvex corporation, the world first and most successful molecular nanotechnology company.
Von Ehr founded Zyvex corporation in 1997 with a vision of assembling a nanoassembler. The company started by building microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Zyvex later split into four branches (Zyvex Technologies, Zyvex Instruments (acquired by DCG Systems, Inc.), Zyvex Labs, and Zyvex Asia), and current CEO of Zyvex Labs and chairman of Zyvex Technologies. Von Ehr founded Altsys Corporation in Dec 1984, and was President, Chairman, and CEO. Altsys was known for developing Fontographer, a PostScript-based font editor, and later FreeHand, a powerful PostScript-based illustration program for graphics artists and designers. Altsys was sold to Macromedia in 1995, where Von Ehr held a seat on the Board of Directors for nearly four years.
In 2000, Von Ehr founded the Texas Nanotechnology Initiative and contributed to the passage of the Nanotechnology Research and Development Act in 2003.
# James R. Ward

James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor.

## Biography

Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship USS Oklahoma (BB-37).
When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Oklahoma took three torpedoes soon after the attack began. She listed dangerously, and it was soon apparent that she would capsize. The order was given to abandon ship, but Seaman First Class Ward remained in a turret holding a flashlight, thus sacrificing his own life to permit other members of the crew to escape. For his heroism at that time, he posthumously received the Medal of Honor.
On August 19, 2021, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency identified the remains of Seaman First Class James Richard Ward. His remains were interred in Arlington National Cemetery on 21 December 2023.

## Awards and honors

| Medal of Honor | Medal of Honor | Medal of Honor | Purple Heart | Purple Heart | Purple Heart |
| American Defense Service Medal w/ Fleet clasp | American Defense Service Medal w/ Fleet clasp | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ campaign star | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ campaign star | World War II Victory Medal | World War II Victory Medal |

### Medal of Honor citation

   For conspicuous devotion to duty, extraordinary courage and complete disregard of his life, above and beyond the call of duty, during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces on 7 December 1941. When it was seen that the U.S.S. Oklahoma was going to capsize and the order was given to abandon ship, Ward remained in a turret holding a flashlight so the remainder of the turret crew could see to escape, thereby sacrificing his own life.

### Namesake

In 1943, the destroyer escort USS J. Richard Ward (DE-243), was named in honor of Seaman First Class Ward.
# James S. Critchley

James Sidney Critchley (1865–1944) was an English mechanical engineer, car designer and automotive pioneer.
J. S. Critchley was born in Dewsbury, England in 1865 to William and Sarah and educated at Bradford Grammar School. He served apprenticeship articles with J. Waugh, of Bradford and Thomas Green and Sons, Leeds, makers of tram locomotives, and went on to specialise in the design and construction of industrial machinery.
In 1896, he was interviewed by Frederick Richard Simms and was appointed as Works manager to the Daimler Company at the Coventry Motor Mills. He was described as "one of the few men in England with a practical knowledge of motor engineering". In May, 1898 he drove the Prince of Wales on his first motor journey on English roads taking him from Warwick Castle to Compton Verney and Wellesbourne. In around 1898 he was promoted to General Manager.
He left Daimler in 1901 and joined the Brush Electrical Engineering Company, Limited who were experimenting with car production in their Lambeth works in London.
He was a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club and in 1902 Critchley and Simms founded the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders.
In 1903, Crossley Brothers decided to go into car production and asked Critchley to design them a car. This car, the 22 hp was introduced in 1904 followed in 1906 by the 40 hp. After this design was finalised he left Crossley and set up his own business as a design Consultant with offices at Chancery Lane and then Tottenham Court Road in London.
He was president of the Institution of Automobile Engineers in 1913-15. During World War I he became chief inspector of motor transport with the rank of captain. When the war ended, he returned to his engineering consultancy.
Captain J. S. Critchley M.I.M.E. died in 1944 at Bickley, Kent at the age of 79.

## Private life

James Critchley married Annie in 1897.
# Joseph Tanke

Joseph Tanke (Ph.D., Boston College; born 1978) is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. His work focuses on Continental philosophy, the history of philosophy, aesthetics, art theory, and historical ontology. Tanke is known for his analysis of major figures in the French philosophical tradition, such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Rancière. His book Foucault's Philosophy of Art: A Genealogy of Modernity is one of the first systematic presentations of Michel Foucault's writings on visual art. Tanke is the first scholar to publish a comprehensive critical introduction to the thought of Jacques Rancière.

## Career

From 2007 to 2011, Tanke was the Chalsty Professor of Aesthetics and Philosophy at California College of the Arts in Oakland and San Francisco, California. In 2012, Tanke joined the Philosophy Department at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. During the fall semester of 2014, Tanke was the Critical Studies Fellow at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Tanke is the editor of the series for Global Aesthetic Research, a book series at Rowman and Littlefield International dedicated to publishing new research in the field of aesthetics.
Tanke is also the past director of the International Cultural Studies Graduate Certificate Program (ICS) at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

## Publications

Tanke is the author of Foucault's Philosophy of Art: A Genealogy of Modernity (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009), Jacques Rancière: An Introduction—Philosophy, Politics, Aesthetics (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011), and the editor (with Colin McQuillan) of the Bloomsbury Anthology of Aesthetics (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012).
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1864–1866

This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council from the elections of 2 September – 3 October 1864 to the elections of 31 August – 2 October 1866.
There were six Electoral Provinces and five members elected to each Province.
    Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Council, not necessarily for that Province.
| Name | Province | Term in Office |
| Thomas Turner à Beckett | Central | 1852–1856; 1858–1878 |
| John Pinney Bear | South | 1863–1878 |
| Niel Black | Western | 1859–1880 |
| William Campbell | North-Western | 1851–1854; 1862–1882 |
| William Clarke | South | 1856–1861; 1862–1870 |
| George Ward Cole | Central | 1853–1855; 1859–1879 |
| William Degraves | South | 1860–1874 |
| John Pascoe Fawkner | Central | 1851–1869 |
| Thomas Howard Fellows | Central | 1854–1856; 1858–1868 |
| Nicholas Fitzgerald | North-Western | 1864–1908 |
| Alexander Fraser | North-Western | 1858–1881 |
| James Henty | South-Western | 1853–1882 |
| Stephen Henty | Western | 1856–1870 |
| Matthew Hervey | Eastern | 1853–1865 |
| William Highett | Eastern | 1853–1856; 1857–1880 |
| William Henry Hull | Central | 1860–1866 |
| Caleb Jenner | South-Western | 1863–1886 |
| John Lowe | South-Western | 1864–1867 |
| John McCrae | South-Western | 1860–1870 |
| Henry Miller | Western | 1851–1866 |
| William Mitchell | North-Western | 1853; 1856–1858; 1859–1884 |
| Henry Morgan Murphy | Eastern | 1864–1873 |
| James Palmer | Western | 1851–1870 |
| William Henry Pettet | South | 1864–1871 |
| Charles Sladen | Western | 1855–1856; 1864–1868 1876–1882 |
| James Strachan | South-Western | 1851–1866; 1867–1874 |
| William Taylor | South | 1854–1856; 1864–1866 |
| Robert Turnbull | Eastern | 1851–1853; 1864–1872 |
| David Wilkie | North-Western | 1858–1868 |
| Benjamin Williams | Eastern | 1856–1874 |
    Hervey resigned in July 1863, replaced by William Haines in an August 1865 by-election. Haines died on 3 February 1866 and was replaced by Robert Stirling Hore Anderson in March 1866.
# Prague 7

Prague 7 is a municipal district (městská část) in Prague, Czech Republic.
The administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name consists of the quarters Letná, Holešovice, Bubny, Bubeneč, Troja as well as a small part of Libeň. It's one of the smallest Prague districts and stretches along the left bank of the Vltava. In the Northern part is located Troja with the Prague Zoo. It is linked to the city centre by metro line C. Other attractions in Prague 7 include the stadium of the Czech football club AC Sparta, cultural center DOX Centre for Contemporary Art, cinema Bio Oko, museums (National Technical Museum and National Museum of Agriculture), Academy of Fine Arts and the former trade fair centre Veletržní palác. Its parks Stromovka and Letná rank among the biggest in the capital.
# Praterstern station

Praterstern is a station on U1 and U2 of the Vienna U-Bahn. Above the U-Bahn station is the Wien Praterstern railway station, which is served by regional trains, and by lines S1, S2, S3 and S7 of the Vienna S-Bahn.
Both stations are located in the Leopoldstadt District. The U-Bahn station opened in 1981.