OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lei Cheng Uk (constituency)

Lei Cheng Uk (Chinese: 李鄭屋) is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong which was created in 1994.
The constituency loosely covers Lei Cheng Uk Estate in Sham Shui Po with the estimated population of 13,336.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1994 | Fu Shu-wan | SSPRA |
| 199? | Fu Shu-wan | DAB |
| 2003 | Kwun Sai-leung | ADPL |
| 2011 | Chan Keng-chau | KWND |
| 2015 | Kong Kwai-sang→Vacant | ADPL |

## Election results
### 2010s

Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 2019: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | ADPL | Kong Kwai-sang | 4,127 | 61.26 | +8.89 |
| | BPA | Chan Keng-chau | 2,490 | 36.96 | −10.67 |
| | Nonpartisan | Lam Ho-nam | 120 | 1.78 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,637 | 24.30 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,753 | 69.08 | |
| | ADPL hold | ADPL hold | Swing | | |
Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 2015: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | ADPL | Kong Kwai-sang | 2,335 | 52.37 | +26.18 |
| | KWND | Chan Keng-chau | 2,124 | 47.63 | −9.96 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 211 | 4.74 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,459 | 48.12 | |
| | ADPL gain from KWND | ADPL gain from KWND | Swing | +18.07 | |
Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 2011: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | KWND | Chan Keng-chau | 2,436 | 57.59 | |
| | ADPL | Kong Kwai-sang | 1,108 | 26.19 | −29.30 |
| | People Power | Chin Wai-lok | 686 | 16.22 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 422 | 31.40 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,230 | 42.83 | |
| | KWND gain from ADPL | KWND gain from ADPL | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 2007: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | ADPL | Kwun Sai-leung | 2,243 | 57.45 | −1.34 |
| | Independent | Lui Kwan-chung | 1,661 | 42.55 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 582 | 14.90 | |
| | ADPL hold | ADPL hold | Swing | | |
Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 2003: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | ADPL | Kwun Sai-leung | 2,516 | 58.79 | +22.05 |
| | DAB | Fu Shu-wan | 1,764 | 41.21 | −2.03 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 752 | 17.58 | |
| | ADPL gain from DAB | ADPL gain from DAB | Swing | +12.04 | |

### 1990s

Sham Shui Po District Council Election, 1999: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | DAB | Fu Shu-wan | 1,834 | 43.24 |
| | ADPL | Alfred Chan Yan-kam | 1,558 | 36.74 |
| | Democratic | Foo Wai-lok | 849 | 20.02 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 276 | 6.40 |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | |
Sham Shui Po District Board Election, 1994: Lei Cheng Uk :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | SSPRA | Fu Shu-wan | Uncontested | | |
| | [[SSPRA|Sham Shui Po Residents Association]] win (new seat) | [[SSPRA|Sham Shui Po Residents Association]] win (new seat) | [[SSPRA|Sham Shui Po Residents Association]] win (new seat) | [[SSPRA|Sham Shui Po Residents Association]] win (new seat) | [[SSPRA|Sham Shui Po Residents Association]] win (new seat) |
# List of vice-presidents of the Senate (Belgium)

The Belgian Senate has a first vice-president and a second vice-president assisting the president of the Senate.
| | Name | Party | Entered office | Left office |
| Senate fully equal to the Chamber of Representatives |||||
| | Philippe Count Vilain XIIII | Catholic | 1831 | 1848 |
| | Philippe Count d'Arschot Schoonhoven | ? | 1836 | 1839 |
| | François-Jean Wyns de Raucourt | Liberal | 1841 | 1846 |
| | François-Joseph Dindal | Liberal | 1848 | 1851 |
| | Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy | Catholic | 1848 | 1870 |
| | Camille Baron de Tornaco | Liberal | 1863 | 1879 |
| | Edmond Baron de Sélys Longchamps | Liberal | 1879 | 1880 |
| | Hippolyte Baron della Faille d'Huysse | Catholic | 1870 | 1874 |
| | Émile Dupont | Liberal | 1892 | 1912 |
| | Arnold Count t'Kint de Roodenbeke | Catholic | 1911 | 1922 |
| | Léon Colleaux | Labour | 1918 | 1919 |
| | Édouard Descamps | Catholic | 1922 | 1932 |
| | Albert Baron d'Huart | Catholic | 1932 | 1936 |
| | Eugène Soudan | Labour | 1936 | 1939 |
| | Auguste Buisseret | Liberal | 1947 | 1949 |
| | Georges Gramme | Christian Social | 1977 | 1978 |
| | Georges Gramme | Christian Social | 1980 | 1985 |
| | Jan Bascour | Freedom and Progress | 1982 | 1985 |
| | Fred Erdman | Socialist | 1988 | 1992 |
| Senate quasi-equal to the Chamber of Representatives |||||
| | Philippe Mahoux | Socialist | 1995 | 1999 |
| | Jean-Marie Happart | Socialist | 1999 | 2003 |
| | Jurgen Ceder | Vlaams Belang | 2004 | 2007 |
| Senate as reflection platform with very limited power |||||
| | Willy Demeyer | Socialist | 2014 | 2017 |
| | Andries Gryffroy | New Flemish Alliance | 2019 | Incumbent |
| | Fourat Ben Chikha | Groen | 2020 | Incumbent |
# Skip Wymard

Norman Lawrence "Skip" Wymard (December 30, 1890 – June 23, 1970) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football at Fordham University for one season, in 1914, compiling a record of 6–3–1. Wymard played tackle at Georgetown University.
Wymard was later an attorney based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1949, he was appointed as the secretary to Pennsylvania Governor James H. Duff.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Fordham Maroon (Independent) (1914) ||||||
| 1914 | Fordham | 6–3–1 |
| Fordham: | Fordham: | 6–3–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 6–3–1 |
# Legionella oakridgensis

Legionella oakridgensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from industrial cooling tower waters. It is pathogenic.
# Sony E 55-210mm F4.5-6.3 OSS

The Sony E 55-210mm F4.5-6.3 OSS is a variable maximum aperture telephoto zoom lens for the Sony E-mount, released by Sony on August 24, 2011. The lens is sometimes bundled with various Sony Alpha mirrorless cameras along with the Sony 16-50mm kit lens.

## Build quality

The lens showcases a glossy black (or silver) plastic exterior with a pair of rubber focus and zoom rings. The barrel of the lens telescopes outward from the main lens body as it's zoomed in from 55mm to 210mm. However, the lens does not come with a zoom lock to help in combatting zoom creep.

## Image quality

The lens tends to be slightly soft throughout its zoom range, with minimal pin-cushion distortion, vignetting, and chromatic aberration.
# Sammy Sessions

Allen Dale "Sammy" Sessions (September 10, 1935 – December 17, 1977) was an American race car driver. In 1972, he finished 4th in the Indianapolis 500 and won the USAC division title.

## Early life

Sessions was born in Nashville, Michigan.

## Career

He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1965-1975 seasons with 62 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1968-1973 and 1975. He finished in the top ten 21 times, with his best finish in 4th position on 7 occasions.
Based on information in "Donald Davidson's Indianapolis 500 Mile Race Annual 1974," Sessions was not given a chance to qualify for the 1974 Indy 500. Because of the "fuel crisis," Qualifications were cut to two days in 1974. May 11 was a short day of qualifying due to weather; on May 18 qualifications began about 15 minutes late due to administrative delays. Sam Sessions was at the line with engine running on May 18 when 6PM arrived. There were thirty-three cars in the field, but not everyone who entered in 1974 had a chance to qualify.
Sessions was also the 1972 USAC Sprint Car Series Champion.

## Death and legacy

Sessions died in a snowmobile racing accident on the big half-mile oval in Alexandria, Minnesota. He was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1982.

## Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish |
| 1966 | Ward | Offy | Failed to Qualify | |
| 1967 | Horton | Ford | Failed to Qualify | |
| 1968 | Finley | Offy | 31st | 9th |
| 1969 | Finley | Offy | 23rd | 12th |
| 1970 | Vollstedt | Ford | 32nd | 12th |
| 1971 | Lola | Ford | 25th | 27th |
| 1972 | Lola | Foyt | 24th | 4th |
| 1973 | Eagle | Foyt | 32nd | 28th |
| 1974 | Eagle | Chevrolet | Failed to Qualify | |
| 1975 | Eagle | Offy | 25th | 17th |
# The Slow Mutants

The Slow Mutants is a fantasy novella by American writer Stephen King, originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in July 1981. In 1982, "The Slow Mutants" was collected with four other stories King published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction as The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger. "The Slow Mutants" formed the fourth chapter of the book, and was slightly revised for the inclusion.

## Plot

Roland and Jake make their way through a railway tunnel using a hand car cart created by the Great Old Ones. During this time, to distract the boy, Roland tells him a story of his childhood (which is also told in Wizard and Glass and The Gunslinger Born).
At age fourteen, Roland discovered his mother having an affair with his father's court magician, Marten Broadcloak. Marten taunted Roland in order to spur him into an early trial to prove his worth as a gunslinger, in order that he would fail and be sent into exile, therefore ending potential trouble for the Good Man and Crimson King to whom Marten secretly swore allegiance. Roland faced his teacher Cort, using his hawk David as his weapon and deliberately sacrificing him in order to gain the upper hand, and passed the trial.
While traveling through the mountain, Roland and Jake are attacked by a pack of slow mutants, who block the track in an attempt to catch them. Jake clears the obstruction just in time for them to escape, and they travel on to the edge of a deep chasm spanned by a dilapidated trestle. They abandon the hand car and start crossing on foot. Nearing the other end, Jake slips and Roland catches him, but the man in black arrives to offer Roland a choice: let the boy die or never catch him. Roland lets Jake fall to his death and exits the tunnel with the man in black.
# Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León 2010

Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León 2010, was held at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Monterrey, Nuevo León on July 20, 2010. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, Cynthia de la Vega of San Pedro Garza García was crowned the winner. De la Vega was crowned by outgoing Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León titleholder, Adriana Treviño. Ten contestants competed for the state title.
The pageant was hosted by Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León 2007 and Miss International 2009 Anagabriela Espinoza and René Strickler.

## Results
### Placements

| Final Results | Contestant |
| Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León 2010 | San Pedro - Cynthia de la Vega |
| Suplente / 1st Runner-up | San Pedro - Ivanna Rodríguez |
| 2nd Runner-up | Monterrey - Ana Guerra |
| 3rd Runner-up | Monterrey - Brenda Solís |
| 4th Runner-up | Monterrey - Daniela Ramos |

### Special awards

| Award | Contestant |
| Miss Photogenic | Ivanna Rodríguez |
| Miss Elegance | Ana Guerra |
| Best Smile | María Fernanda Villaseñor |

## Judges

* Elsa Burgos - Miss Costa Maya International 2002 & Television Hostess
* Patricio Cabezut - Television Host
* Karla Jiménez - Nuestra Belleza Mundo México 2005
* Mariana Lombard - Nuestra Belleza Nuevo León 2006
* Jorge Torales - Doctor
* Dolores Ávalos - Actress
* Tity González - Fashion Designer
* Arturo Carmona - Actor
* Ana Laura Corral - National Coordinator of Nuestra Belleza México

## Background Music

* Ballet Folclórico Magisterial
* Pablo Montero
* Kika Edgar
* Myrza Maldonado
* María Garza

## Contestants

| Hometown | Contestant | Age | Height (m) |
| Monterrey | Ana Alejandra Guerra González | 23 | 1.72 |
| Monterrey | Ana Laura Macías Ponce | 23 | 1.70 |
| Monterrey | Brenda Daniela Solís Villarreal | 22 | 1.74 |
| Monterrey | Daniela Ramos Machado | 22 | 1.75 |
| Monterrey | Elida Garza Salinas | 22 | 1.72 |
| Monterrey | Yaresi Leticia García Tamez | 18 | 1.75 |
| San Nicolás | María Fernanda Villaseñor Múzquiz | 20 | 1.80 |
| San Pedro | Cynthia Alejandra de la Vega Oates | 18 | 1.80 |
| San Pedro | Ivanna Alejandra Rodríguez Ramos | 19 | 1.70 |
| Santa Catarina | Sandy Thalía Martínez González | 19 | 1.70 |
# MacLauchlan

MacLauchlan or Maclauchlan is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Henry MacLauchlan (1792–1882), a British surveyor
* Margaret Maclauchlan (died 1685), a Scottish martyr
* Wade MacLauchlan (born 1954), a Canadian law professor, university president, and politician
# 1566 in science

The year 1566 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

## Biology

* Rembert Dodoens publishes Frumentorum, leguminum, palustrium et aquatilium herbarum, ac eorum quae eo pertinent historia at Antwerp.

## Civil engineering

* 1566–67 – Completion of "Stari Most" bridge crossing the Neretva at Mostar by the Ottoman Empire (builder: Mimar Hayruddin).
* Autumn – Probable completion of the Exeter Canal, the first in England, and with the first use of a pound lock in England (engineer: John Trew of Glamorgan).

## Navigation

* Pedro Nunes' work on navigation, Petri Nonii Salaciensis Opera, is published.

## Events

* December 29 – Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, while studying at the University of Rostock in Mecklenburg, loses part of his nose in a duel with fellow nobleman and relation Manderup Parsberg over a mathematical formula.

## Births

* Giuseppe Biancani, Italian astronomer (died 1624)
* Jan Jesenius, Slovak physician (died 1621)
* Michal Sedziwój, Polish alchemist (died 1636)
* Caterina Vitale, Maltese pharmacist (died 1619)

## Deaths

* May 4 – Luca Ghini, Italian physician and botanist (born 1490)
* May 10 – Leonhart Fuchs, German botanist (born 1501)
* July 2 – Nostradamus, French physician and astrologer (born 1503)
* July 30 – Guillaume Rondelet, French physician (born 1507)
# Tatsuya Nagamine

Tatsuya Nagamine (長峯 達也, Nagamine Tatsuya) is a Japanese anime director working for Toei Animation.

## Works

| Year(s) | Title | Credited as | Notes | Ref(s) |
| Year(s) | Title | Director | Notes | Ref(s) |
| 2004 | Interlude | Yes | OVA | |
| 2004–2005 | Beet the Vandel Buster | Yes | TV series | |
| 2005–2006 | Beet the Vandel Buster: Excellion | Yes | TV series | |
| 2006–2007 | Powerpuff Girls Z | | TV series, Transformation Animation with Yoshikazu Tomita | |
| 2010–2011 | HeartCatch PreCure! | Yes | TV series | |
| 2013–2014 | Saint Seiya Omega | Yes | TV series (#52–77) | |
| 2014–2015 | HappinessCharge PreCure! | Yes | TV series | |
| 2016 | One Piece: Heart of Gold | Yes | TV special | |
| 2017–2018 | Dragon Ball Super | Yes | TV series, co-directed with Ryota Nakamura (#77–131) | |
| 2019–present | One Piece | Yes | TV series (#892–present) | |

### Films

| Year | Title | Credited as | Ref(s) |
| Year | Title | Director | Ref(s) |
| 2006 | Digimon Savers: Ultimate Power! Activate Burst Mode!! | Yes | |
| 2007 | Dr. Slump: Dr. Mashirito and Abale-chan | Yes | |
| 2007 | Yes! Precure 5: Great Miraculous Adventure in the Mirror Kingdom! | Yes | |
| 2008 | Yes Pretty Cure 5 GoGo! The Movie: Happy Birthday in the Land of Sweets | Yes | |
| 2012 | One Piece Film Z | Yes | |
| 2018 | Dragon Ball Super: Broly | Yes | |
# Slagmaur

Slagmaur is a Norwegian black metal band from Brekstad and Trondheim, formed in 1997 and originally named Norske Synder.

## History

Slagmaur was formed in 1997 under the name Norske Synder ("Norwegian Sins" in Norwegian) before changing name in 2006. An official band statement claimed them to be "the darkest and scariest black metal band to ever set foot on planet earth". The band is quite secretive and little is known about the band members, although it is known that Mehimoloth from Celestial Bloodshed was a member of the band until his death in 2009. They have described their sound as "twisted and sinister Black Metal, multi layered and complex". The band have also attracted interest for their conceptualized, unusual imagery and live shows which display a theatrical horror aesthetic and bizarre live antics. Their set at the 2017 edition of the Inferno festival, which quickly generated controversy, featured staged executions by hanging as well as a model/stuntman tied to an upside-down cross which was set on fire at the end of the show, while band members "prowled around the stage, looking genuinely psychotic and to be gaining pleasure from the on-stage executions". The concert reportedly induced strong discomfort among the audience and has been described as "one of the most extreme live acts ever performed", with renowned heavy metal magazine Metal Hammer reporting "It's not easy to shock in black metal today, but Slagmaur did it".

## Personnel
### Current line up

* Lt. Wardr – Drums and keyboards (2006–present)
* General Gribbsphiiser - Vocals (lead & choirs), Guitars, Bass, Drums, Piano, Synths, Cello, Music, Lyrics (2006–present)
* Aatselgribb - Vocals (lead), Bass, Piano (2006–present)
* Dr. Von Hellreich - Vocals (lead) (2016–present)

### Past members

Mehimoloth (Steingrim Torson) - Vocals (2007-2009)

### Live/session members

Mr. Unt Zilla - Bass, Guitars, Programming (2006–present)

## Discography

* Svin (Demo) (2006)
* Skrekk (Demo) (2006
* Domfeldt (Demo) (2007)
* Skrekk Lich Kunstler (2007)
* Von Rov Shelter (2009)
* Thill Smitts Terror (2017)
* Hulders Ritualet (to be released in 2020)
# Thomas Gray (disambiguation)

Thomas Gray was an English poet, classical scholar and professor of Cambridge University.
Thomas Gray may also refer to:

## Sports

* Thomas Gray (rower) (born 1936), Canadian Olympic rower
* Thomas Gray (soccer) (born 1986), American soccer player
* Tom Gray (footballer, born 1875) (1875–1944), English footballer
* Tom Gray (speed skater) (born 1945), American Olympic speed skater
* Tommy Gray (footballer) (1913–1992), Scottish footballer and football club manager
* Tommy Gray (rugby union) (1917–2000), Scotland international rugby union player

## Musicians

* Tom Gray (bluegrass musician) (born 1941), American bluegrass musician
* Tom Gray (guitarist) (1951–2021), American musician with Delta Moon
* Tom Gray (activist), English rock singer, composer, and activist
* Tom Gray, frontman for the 1980s rock band The Brains

## Other

* Thomas Grey (chronicler) (died 1369), chronicler, whose surname is often spelled 'Gray'
* Thomas Gray (1788–1848), British railway advocate
* Thomas Gray (VC) (1914–1940), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Thomas Gray (surveyor) (1832–1890), Board of Trade
* Thomas Cecil Gray (1913–2008), English anaesthetist
* Thomas Lomar Gray (1850–1908), British engineer
* Thomas R. Gray (1800–fl. 1830s), American lawyer and author
# Legionella quinlivanii

Legionella quinlivanii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a cooling tower pond in London in United Kingdom.
# Sony E 20mm F2.8

The Sony E 20mm F2.8 is a wide-angle prime lens for the Sony E-mount, announced by Sony in April 2013.

## Build quality

The lens itself is made of a glossy black plastic shell over plastic internals and includes a detachable pancake-style lens hood. The lens itself is colloquially referred to as a pancake lens as it is currently the thinnest lens offered for Sony E-mount.
The lens can also be adapted with a 16mm ultra-wide angle or a 12mm fisheye converter, which are both sold separately from the lens itself. Neither allow for corrected EXIF data to be recorded to the camera while the converter is attached.

## Image quality

The image quality of the lens is significantly better than that of the 16mm pancake lens, suffering mild barrel distortion and moderate vignetting. Due to compromises made to keep its physical size to a minimum, the lens is one of Sony's softer lenses
# Larry Glover

Larry Glover is an American sportscaster, and is the former play-by-play voice of the South Atlantic League's Lexington Legends. He served as the team's Director of Broadcasting and Media Relations during his time with the team, and in addition was the team's official scorer. He is best known as the 2005 South Atlantic League Media Relations Director of the Year.
A native of Hawesville, Kentucky and an alumnus of the University of Kentucky, Glover began his broadcasting career when he correctly picked Duke to defeat Kentucky in the 1992 Elite Eight, thus winning a contest on a Lexington, Kentucky sports radio program. He was permitted to host his own show as a result, and eventually came to pilot Sunday Sports Central, a post he held for more than nine years. He resides in Lexington, Kentucky with his wife, Laura.
Glover currently hosts Larry Glover Live weeknights on 590, WVLK in Lexington and 1450, The Sports Buzz. The show was streamed live on 'www.larrygloverlive.com.' in addition to Sunday Sports Central on Sunday mornings on the same station.
# John N. H. Brennan

John Needham Huggard Brennan (1914–2010) was an Irish author, hunter, and solicitor. He published under the name John Welcome. He adopted the pen name due to the then-strict laws concerning advertising by solicitors.
# Ostericum

Ostericum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Temperate Eurasia.
Species:
* Ostericum atropurpureum G.Y.Li, G.H.Xia & W.Y.Xie
* Ostericum citriodorum (Hance) R.H.Shan & C.Q.Yuan
* Ostericum florenti (Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim.) Kitag.
* Ostericum grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitag.
* Ostericum huadongense Z.H.Pan & X.H.Li
* Ostericum longipedicellatum (H.Wolff) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Ostericum maximowiczii (F.Schmidt) Kitag.
* Ostericum palustre (Besser) Besser
* Ostericum scaberulum (Franch.) R.H.Shan & C.Q.Yuan
* Ostericum sieboldii (Miq.) Nakai
* Ostericum tenuifolium (Pall. ex Schult.) Y.C.Chu
# See You After School (1986 film)

A la salida nos vemos (English: See You After School) is a 1986 Colombian drama film directed and co-written by Carlos Palau. The film is a teen drama set in a Catholic boarding school in rural Valle del Cauca in the 1960s.

## Plot

A group of teenagers at a Catholic boarding school in the provinces spend their time trying to adapt to the demands of the priest in charge of the school while discovering life with their adventures and pains. It presents the romantic and sexual initiation of the group of adolescent boys and their problems.

## Cast

* Alejandro Madriñan as Miguel
* Abril Mendez as Angela
* Santiago Madriñan
* John Klonis
* Irene Arcila
* Alvaro Ruiz as Miguel's father

## Awards

A la salida nos vemos premiered on 19 June 1986 at the 26° Cartagena Film Festival where it won the India Catalina award as Best Film by a New Director. The film had its wide released on 18 November 1987.
# Learning Lab

Learning Lab (LL) is a research methodology developed in 2011 by Aydin Bal that provides guidelines to develop family-school-community partnerships and design behavioral support systems within a local school community. The Learning Lab builds organizational capacity in schools and school districts by forming a problem solving team of teachers, education leaders, families, students, and local community representatives.
The Learning Lab methodology was adapted from the change laboratory methodology and is grounded in Cultural Historical Activity Theory. The moral purpose of the Learning Lab is participatory social justice. The goal of the Learning Lab methodology is to facilitate collective agency among local stakeholders who develop locally meaningful, socially just, and sustainable systemic solutions to educational equity issues such as racial disproportionality in exclusionary and punitive school disciplinary actions (e.g., detention, suspension, and expulsion).
In the Culturally Responsive Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports Project, the Learning Lab has been implemented at urban pre K-12 schools in the United States. The Learning Lab was found to successfully facilitate and sustain authentic partnerships among local stakeholders that renovated their schoolwide behavioral support systems to be positive, inclusive and culturally responsive.