OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jamming

Jamming (or variants) may refer to:

## General

* Jamming (knot), the tendency of knots to become difficult to untie
* Interfering with communications or surveillance:
** Radio jamming
** Radar jamming and deception
** Mobile phone jammer
** Echolocation jamming
** Radio-controlled improvised explosive device jamming, a counter-IED technique
* Jamming (physics), an apparent change of physical state
* Jamming (climbing), a climbing technique
* Jamming (weapon), a firearm malfunction

## TV and radio

* Culture jamming, criticizing mass media through its own methods
* Jammin' (radio programme), BBC Radio 2 musical comedy show that aired since 2001
* Jammin, original version of TV series Kickin' It with Byron Allen 1992
* Jammin (2006 TV series), Sí TV reality television series that aired from 2006 to 2008

## Music and dance

* Jammin, an alias of DJ Zinc
* Jam session, a semi-improvised rock or jazz performance
* Jamming (dance), cheered show-offs during social dancing
* Jamming!, a UK music fanzine of the 1970s–80s created by Tony Fletcher
* Jamming, dancehall reggae album by Frankie Paul, 1991
* "Jammin'" (Andrews Sisters song), debut hit song of the Andrews Sisters, 1937
* "Jamming" (song), by Bob Marley, 1977
* "Master Blaster (Jammin')", a song by Stevie Wonder, 1980
# Jammin' in New York

Jammin' in New York is George Carlin's 14th album and eighth HBO special, recorded on April 24 and 25, 1992, at the Paramount Theater, on the grounds of Madison Square Garden in New York City. Topics include the war in the Persian Gulf, similarities and differences among average Americans and language used at airports.
On-air HBO promos for the live broadcast on April 25, 1992, referred to the program as George Carlin: Live at the Paramount. Before the opening credits, the words "This show is for SAM" appear, a reference to comedian Sam Kinison, who had died in a car crash two weeks before the recording.
The album won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Comedy Album. Carlin considered Jammin' in New York his favorite and best HBO special.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Amazon.com | |

## Track listing

* "Rockets and Penises in the Persian Gulf" – 7:35
* "Little Things We Share" – 7:47
* "Airline Announcements" – 16:44
* "Golf Courses for the Homeless" – 11:13
* "The Planet Is Fine" – 13:37
# Jammin' in the Middle E

Jammin' in the Middle E is an Australia drama set amongst the Arab-Australian community in Sydney's West. The feature aired on 16 February 2006 on SBS.

## Plot

The movie sheds light on the inhabitants of Western Sydney, an area known for its cultural diversity and in the eyes of some its ethnic related gang violence. It revolves around Naima (Julie Kanaan), her romantic interest Rafi (Matuse) and her brother Ishak (NOMISe) living their run-of-the-mill middle class conservative Lebanese Muslim existence. Sharief (Anthony Hawwa) is the film's standover man, a Lebanese youth gang leader who causes trouble for Ishak, his brother Musa (Mohamed Jajatieh) and cousin Hakim (Marouf Alameddine).

## Cast

* Ishak - NOMISe
* Naima - Julie Kanaan
* Rafi - Matuse
* Said - Fadl Abdul Hay
* Musa - Mohamed Jajatieh
* Hakim - Marouf Alameddine
* Grandma - Armida Croccolo
* Thana - Susan Chamma
* Sarwa - Elissar Mukhtar
* Mom - Chadia Gedeon Hajjar
* Sharief - Anthony Hawwa
* Police Man - David Scott
* Layla - Issra Jajatieh
* Omar - Pino Scuro

## Production

It was produced by Virus Media. The production received support from various organisations including the Australia Council, NSW Ministry for the Arts, Australian Film Commission, NSW Film and Television Office and SBSi.

## Crew

* Producer - Enda Murray
* Director - Kim Mordaunt
* Writer - Howard Jackson
* Director of Photography - Joel Peterson
* Co-producer - Cinzia Guaraldi
# José María Bernadas

José María Bernadas Viladesau (14 April 1886 – 12 April 1933) was a Spanish businessman and sports leader. He was the 8th president of RCD Espanyol between 1915 and 1918.

## Early and personal life

Bernadas was born on 14 April 1886 in Rosario, Santa Fe, as the son of Salvador Bernadas and Mercedes Viladesau, natives of Barcelona. At a very early age, he moved to Spain where he lived permanently. In 1914 he married Ana Dublé González, with whom he had six children: Salvador, Ana, Mercedes, María Josefa, Jorge, and Manuel Alberto José Bernadas Dublé.

## Professional career

Bernadas had a thriving leather tanning business. In 1926 he moved with his family to Haro where he set up a poultry farm, which was quite successful. Because this farm did not have the land necessary for new facilities, he created a new one in 1929, this time in Miranda de Ebro, Province of Burgos. As a result of the difficult economic situation that Spain was going through during those years, the family businesses began to disappear and only a few pieces of land remained where beets and wheat were mainly grown.

## Presidency of RCD Espanyol

Bernadas was appointed as the 8th president of RCD Espanyol in a members' assembly on 1 November 1915, with the support of the previous president José Gaspar Hardoy, Evelio Doncos, and the strong man of the board José Maria Tallada. The position was renewed for him on 18 December 1917, but a few months later he left the presidency when there was a new renewal of the board, being replaced by fellow South American Manuel Allende.
During his leadership, Bernadas maintained the good pace of the team from previous seasons by looking for new values, expanding the club's sports base by creating the athletics section. His most important achievement as president, however, was the signing of a teenager named Ricardo Zamora, since Tallada knew the goalkeeper's family. Zamora proved to be crucial in Espanyol winning the 1917–18 Catalan championship. In 1917, Espanyol denounced FC Barcelona for the improper alignment of Juan Garchitorena, a Filipino player that Barcelona lined up in a handful of games in the Catalan championship, where foreigners cannot participate, thus causing the infamous Garchitorena case, which resulted in the Blaugrana club withdrawing from the competition that was eventually won by Espanyol.

## Death

Bernadas died at 3:00 pm in Barcelona on 12 April 1933, just two days before his 47th birthday.
# Joseph Reinagle

Joseph Reinagle (1762 – 12 November 1825) was a music composer and popular cellist of the 18th century.
He was a contemporary of Joseph Haydn, with whom he performed as principal cello. He also wrote a guide to playing the cello.

## Biography

Joseph Reinagle, the son of a German musician resident in England, was born in Portsmouth in 1762. He was the brother of Alexander Reinagle. He was at first intended for the navy, but became apprentice to a jeweller in Edinburgh. Then, adopting music as a profession, he studied the French horn and trumpet with his father, and soon appeared in public as a player of those instruments. Acting on medical advice, he abandoned the wind instruments, and studied the violoncello under Schetky (who married his sister), and the violin under Aragoni.
He succeeded so well that he was appointed leader of the Edinburgh Theatre band. After appearing as a cellist in London, he went in 1784 to Dublin, where he remained for two years. Returning to London, he took a prominent position in the chief orchestras, and was principal cello at the Salomon concerts under Haydn, who showed him much kindness. Engaged to play at the Oxford concerts, he was so well received that he settled in the city and died there in November 1825, aged 62 or 63.
Reinagle was a very able violoncellist, and enjoyed a wide popularity. Nathaniel Gow was one of his Edinburgh pupils. He composed a good deal of music for violin, violoncello, and pianoforte, and wrote a Concise Introduction to the Art of playing the Violoncello (London, 1830), which went through four editions.
A son, Alexander Robert Reinagle, musician, born at Brighton on 11 August 1799, was from 1823 to 1853 organist of St. Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, and died at Kidlington, Oxfordshire, where he was buried on 6 April 1877. He published Psalm Tunes for the Voice and Pianoforte (circa 1830), in which appears the tune 'St. Peter,' widely used, and included in most church collections of the late nineteenth century.
# Mere Sands Wood

Mere Sands Wood is a 105 acres (42 ha) nature reserve between the villages of Holmeswood and Rufford in west Lancashire, England, managed by The Wildlife Trust for Lancashire, Manchester & North Merseyside. It lies about five miles from Ormskirk. The name derives from when the area was on the shore of Martin Mere.

## Nature reserve

Situated near Rufford, Lancashire, the reserve comprises lakes, mature broadleaved and conifer woodland, sandy, wet meadows and heaths, standing on layers of sand and peat, deposited over boulder clay during the last ice age. It covers 105 acres (42 ha), and includes a visitors centre, two nature trails, six wildlife hides, and one viewing platform.

### Wildlife

The reserve is visited by over 170 species of birds, 60 of which have bred there. There are also regular sightings of roe deer, stoats and foxes, a total of 17 species of mammals within the area including a small population of red squirrels. Fifteen species of dragonfly can be found at the reserve, ten of which have bred there. The woodland consists mainly of birch and oak trees with a Scots Pine plantation, where the red squirrels reside. There also 200 species of fungi found at Mere Sands.

## History

Mere Sands was originally part of the Martin Mere lake, which has Authurian links. The lake had been 15 miles (24 km) in circumference around that time. Between Anglo-saxon times and the late 1800s, the area included a fishery which stocked eels as well as fresh water fish. Between 1974 and 1982 the sand was quarried for use in glass-making. Under a planning agreement, the site was landscaped into a nature reserve once the extraction was completed. The Wildlife Trust for Lancashire, Manchester and North Merseyside acquired the site in 1982 and the reserves was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for its geological interest in 1985. Each year, tens of thousands of visitors are attracted to the site. In March 2020, one of the long standing hides, dedicated to Cyril Gibbons was burnt down in an arson attack.
# Presbyterian Reformed Church

Presbyterian Reformed Church may refer to:
* Presbyterian Reformed Church (Australia)
* Presbyterian Reformed Church in India
* Presbyterian Reformed Church of Ecuador
# Joseph Ser

Joseph Ser (1875–1954) was a French mathematician, of whom little was known till now. He published 45 papers between 1900 and 1954, among which four monographs, edited in Paris by Henry Gauthier-Villars. In the main, he worked on number theory and infinite series.
He got important results in the domain of factorial series. His representation of Euler's constant as a series of rational terms is well known. It was used in 1926 by Paul Appell (1855–1930), in an unsuccessful attempt to prove the irrationality of Euler's constant.
# José Marín

José Marín may refer to:
* José Marín (composer) (c. 1619–1699), Spanish Baroque harpist, guitarist and composer
* José Marín (racewalker) (born 1950), retired Spanish race walker
* José Manuel Marín (born 1971), Spanish archer
* José Miguel Marín (1945–1991), Argentine football goalkeeper
* José Maria Marin (born 1932), Brazilian politician
# Pravin Darji

Pravin Darji (born 23 August 1944) is Gujarati essayist, poet, critic and editor from India. He was awarded Padma Shri in 2011.

## Life

Pravin Darji was born on 23 August 1944 in Mahelol village in Panchmahal district of Gujarat, India. He completed SSC in 1961 and BA in Gujarati and Sanskrit in 1965. He completed MA in 1967 from Gujarat University and PhD in 1973. He taught Gujarati in Arts College in Modasa from 1965 to 1967. He joined Lunavada College as a Professor in 1967 and served there until his retirement. He served as a chairman of the University Book Production Board for a year. He briefly edited Shabdashrishti, a literary magazine of Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.
Pravin Darji married Ramila and they have two daughters and a son.

## Works

Adakhe Padakhe (1982), Leelaparna (1984), Ghasna Phool (1990), Pancham (1996), Gata Zarana (1997), Madhyabinduna Kamp (2003), Dadami Te Chakshu (2004), Pariprashna (2005), Motino Charo, Ayakhana Ank (1988), Sannikat (1993), Darbhankur, Venurav are his collections of essays.
Chees (1973), Utsedh (1985), Io (2005) are his poetry collections. Chandanna Vriksh (1991) and Ka Katha (2005) are his biographical works. Himalayna Khole (2001) and Nava Desh, Nava Vesh (2003) are his travelogues.
His PhD thesis Nibandh: Swarup ane Vikas (on essays) was published in 1975. His other work on essays is Lalitnibandh (1986). His other works of criticism are Seema Parno Shabda (1990), Spand (1976), Charvana (1976), Dayaram (1978), Pratyagra (1978), Navalkatha Swarup (1986), Pashchat (1982), Vipula Cha Prithvi (1983), Kavyasang (2000), Purakalpan (1989), Irony (1995). He edited Gujarati Bhashani Ketlik Vishishta Vartao (1984), Gadya Sanchay Volume 2 (1982), Harishchandrana Kavyo (1983), 121 Gujaarti Vartao ane Vartakaro (1994), Niravrutt (2007). He co-edited Shabdashri (1980). He translated Saundaryo Hahu Janmya Nathi (1990).

## Awards

He received Sanskar Award (1986), Hari Om Award (1988), Sanskritik Gaurav Award (2002), Anantrai Raval Criticism Award (2003), Sanskriti Award (2005), Kala Gurjari Award (2007), Sanskar Chandrak (1978), Viththalbhai Patel Suvarna Chandrak (1992), Premanand Suvarna Chandrak (2005), Dhanji Kanji Gandhi Suvarna Chandrak and Dahyabhai Patel Suvarna Chandrak. He also received Kumar Suvarna Chandrak in 2011. The Government of India honored him with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri in 2011.
# James Tubbs

James Tubbs (1835 – 1921) is one of the most celebrated English bow makers, and is considered "The English Tourte".
Together with his son Alfred (d. 1912), he produced more than 5,000 bows. It is generally accepted that James Tubbs ranks among the five or six most important bow makers in history. "The Tubbs family made bows and instruments as early as the 1800s, and five generations have practiced the craft".

## Early life

Born in London in 1835, the eldest of eleven children and son of William, James Tubbs worked for his father until 1860.

## Career

Tubbs first started making bows for William Ebsworth Hill around 1860 and continued that relationship until 1870. His bows made for W. E. Hill & Sons are stamped W E Hill and are sometimes double stamped. In the 1870s Tubbs settled on his own opening a shop at 94 Wardour Street. The early bows from this period were branded "J. TUBBS." Around 1878 he changed this brand to "Jas. TUBBS."
In 1885 he won a Gold medal for his bows at the Inventions Exhibition held that year in London, after which he was made bowmaker by Special Appointment to Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.

## Legacy

In the widely cited book Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers, William Henley calls Tubbs "this champion" and places him alongside Tourte, Peccatte and Voirin.
String players generally regard his bows as extremely desirable, and will often go to great lengths to obtain one and collectors may pay huge amounts to own one.
"Leading musicians of the day such as Piatti and Wilhelmj, were attracted by bows made by James Tubbs and were using them. Since then, his bows have been enjoyed and used by musicians (soloists, chamber musicians and orchestral players) the world over."

## Typical characteristics of his work

Head is broad and full, the model being an early work of Francois Tourte. The frog with pearl eyes and long ferrule and one piece long buttons with solid metal (ex: silver ) are also typical of this period. Finest examples have metal fittings of engraved gold.

## Auction price

In 1995 a bow by Tubbs was sold at Sotheby's auction house for $43,608, a record price for one of his bows.
# José Manuel Prado

José Manuel Prado Prado (born 7 October 1975) is a Spanish boccia player, who has represented the country internationally at the Paralympic Games.

## Personal

Prado is from Orense.

## Boccia

Prado is a BC1 classified boccia player, and is a member of the A.D. Aixiña club.
National Institute of Physical Education Lleida hosted the 2008 Spanish national championships. Prado competed in this event. Elche, Spain hosted the Spanish Boccia Club Championship in June 2011, with Prado participating in the event. He finished second in the team event competing for Ainina Ourense, Galicia.
The Boccia World Championships were held in August 2011, and Prado participated. The event was part of the ranking process to qualify for the London Paralympic Games. He was eliminated in the group stage after having 1 win and 2 losses. In January 2012, he participated in a boccia training camp organized by the Spanish Cerebral Palsy Federation of Sports (FEDPC) and the Spanish Sports Federation for Persons with Physical Disabilities (FEDDF) along with 24 other boccia players from around Spain held at CRE San Andrés. The camp was part of national team preparations for the London Paralympics. Club ADM and the Sociocultural Disability Association (ASCM) organized the June 2012 Spanish national championships which he competed in. He finished first in the competition in the BC1 group. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, losing 4–5 in the round of sixteen.
In October 2013, Prado was ranked the sixth best Spanish competitor in his classification.
# Presbyterian Church in Japan

The Presbyterian Church in Japan is a conservative Reformed denomination in Japan, founded by American missionaries in the mid-1900s.

## History

In the years after World War II, Japanese missionaries and the forerunner of the Presbyterian Church in America evangelists created what is today the Presbyterian Church in Japan.
The denomination was a result of two Presbyterian denominations in Japan. The Christian Presbyterian Church in Japan founded in 1956 and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Japan founded in 1979 begun collaborating in 1980, and united in 1993. The Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions of planted some churches after the Second World War, and helped establish a Seminary. This become the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Japan. When the PCA merged with the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod the missionaries begun assist the PCJ.
The church had 50 congregations and 2,000 members in 3 Presbyteries in 2004. The Westminster Confession of Faith is the official confession.
As of 2013 the denomination is present in 13 Prefectures, in Ibaraki Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa, Yamanashi Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Kagawa Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, Tokushima Prefecture.
There are church planting movements in several Japanese cities, including Nagoya, Chiba, Osaka and Tokyo.

## Theology

* Westminster Confession of Faith
* Westminster Shorter Catechism
* Westminster Larger Catechism

## Seminary

The church maintains theological training two institutes:
* Christ Bible Institute
* Christ Bible Seminary.

## Statistics

The Presbyterian Church in Japan has now 6 Presbyteries and 2,200 regularly worshiping members in 67 congregations. The six Presbyteries are Tokyo, Central, Western, Dongguan Higashikana, Musashi and Kanagawa Presbyteries. The church is among the few Christian denominations that are growing in Japan. While other missions are shrinking, the PCA mission of the Japanese Presbyterian Church is growing rapidly. The PCA supports the Christ Bible Institute and the Church planting Institute. The Presbyterian Church in America supports short-term missionaries for over 27 years.

## Partner churches

Partner churches are the Presbyterian Church in America and the Presbyterian Church of Australia, these denominations aim to plant churches and form Presbytery in Chiba Prefecture. In 1989 3 pastors in the Presbyterian Church in Japan invited the PCA missionaries to serve in Japan to build a Presbytery. The Presbyterian Church in Japan is among the few denominations that are growing in the country.
The church maintains close relationships also with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (USA) and the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin).
# Mesosmittia

The genus Mesosmittia is cosmopolitan, thus occurring in all biogeographical regions except for Antarctica. Almost nothing or very little is known about its ecology, the larva of one species was described by Strenze (1950) as terrestrial, but adults can be collected using emergence traps set over rivulets.
The genus was recently revised for the Neotropics with descriptions of new species.
The genus comprises:
* M. acutistylus Sæther, recorded from United States and Mexico.
* M. annae Andersen & Mendes, recorded from Guatemala and Mexico.
* M. flexuella (Edwards), recorded from all over Europe.
* M. glabra Andersen & Mendes, recorded from Ecuador.
* M. guanajensis Andersen & Mendes, recorded from Mexico.
* M. hirta Andersen & Mendes, recorded from Ecuador, only the holotype is known.
* M. lobiga Sæther, recorded from United States and Mexico.
* M. museophila Donato, recorded from South America.
* M. patrihortae Sæther, recorded from various locations in the Neotropics, United States, China, and South Africa.
* M. prolixa Sæther, recorded from United States and Mexico.
* M. tora Sæther, recorded from United States and Mexico.
* M. truncata Sæther, recorded from Panama, only the holotype is known.
# José Óscar Sánchez Madan

José Óscar Sánchez Madan, born in Marianao on 10 December 1961 is a Cuban journalist and author in several Cuban newspapers, and a regular contributor of the Miami-based independent news agency CUBANET.
As spokesman Elizardo Sánchez Santa-Cruz of the Cuba human rights group CCDHRN said, Óscar Sánchez Madan was arrested on Friday April 13, 2007 and was convicted to four years of prison a few hours after his arrest by a secret court in an accelerated process in Union de Reyes, a village east of Havana. He got no defence lawyer and no relatives were allowed to attend the lawsuit. He was convicted under the charges of "pre-criminal social danger", a legal subterfuge that allows the Cuban authorities to imprison any citizen as a potential danger to society, even if they have not committed a crime. His arrest put the toll of imprisoned journalists up to 26 as of June 2007.

## Sources

* ↑ Síntesis biográfíca de José Oscar Sánchez Madan
* ↑ Newsroom.de news for journalists (in German)
# Nationalist Party (Ivory Coast)

Nationalist Party (in French: Parti Nationaliste), generally referred to as PANA, was an Ivorian opposition group, founded in Abidjan in 1967. It was led by Kraghé Gnagbé. PANA was immediately suppressed by the regime and Gnagbé arrested. Gnagbé had to publicly announce the non-existence of PANA.