OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Job plot

Within chemistry, a Job plot, otherwise known as the method of continuous variation or Job's method, is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the stoichiometry of a binding event. The method is named after Paul Job and is also used in instrumental analysis and advanced chemical equilibrium texts and research articles. Job first published his method in 1928, while studying the associations of ions in solution. By plotting the UV absorbance of a solution of Tl(NO$_3$)/NH$_3$ against the mole fraction of Tl(NO$_3$), he produced a graph which provided information about the equilibrium complexes present in solution.

## Theory

In solutions where two species are present (i.e. species A and species B), one species (A) may bind to the other species (B). In some cases, more than one A will bind with a single B. One way to determine the amount of A binding to B is by using a Job plot.
In this method, the sum of the molar concentrations of the two binding partners (e.g. a protein and ligand or a metal and a ligand) is held constant, but their mole fractions are varied. An observable that is proportional to complex formation (such as absorption signal or enzymatic activity) is plotted against the mole fractions of these two components.
χ$_A$ is the mole fraction of compound A and P is the physical property being measured to understand complex formation. This property is most oftentimes UV absorbance.
The maximum (or minimum) on the plot corresponds to the stoichiometry of the two species if sufficiently high concentrations are used. The plot also provides insight to understand the equilibrium constant (K$_{eq}$) of complex formation. A greater curvature leads to a more evenly distributed equilibrium, while a more triangle-shaped plot signifies a large K$_{eq}$. Further, after determining the equilibrium constant, we can determine what complexes (ratio of A and B) are present in solution. In addition, the peak of the Job Plot corresponds to the mole fraction of ligands bound to a molecule, which is important for studying ligand field theory. An early work of I. Ostromisslensky describes essentially this approach.

## Requirements

There are several conditions that must be met in order for Job's method to be applicable. Firstly, the property being studied must vary in direct proportion to the concentration of the species. In the case of UV-visible spectroscopy, for example, this means that the system must conform to the Beer-Lambert law. In addition, the total concentration of the two binding partners, the pH and ionic strength of the solution must all be maintained at fixed values throughout the experiment.
Finally, there must be only one complex in solution which predominates over all others under the conditions of the experiment. This requirement means that only systems with high association constants, or systems in which only one stoichiometry can form, are suitable for analysis by Job plot. As such, the use of the Job plot in supramolecular chemistry has been advised against.
# Joe Holsinger

Joe F. Holsinger (January 20, 1904 – August 16, 1946) was an American football, basketball, and golf player and coach. Holsinger was a star athlete for the Kansas State Wildcats. He was then a backfield coach under Charlie Bachman for the Florida Gators, coaching the "Phantom Four" of 1928, and for the Michigan State Spartans. In 1935, he became the head basketball and golf coach for the Dayton Flyers.
# List of ambassadors of Germany to South Korea

The list of ambassadors from Germany to South Korea began after the Federal Republic of Germany recognised the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in December 1955. The official title of this diplomat is "Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Republic of Korea."

## Historical relations

Diplomatic relations between the German Empire and Korea were established in 1883, during the Gründerzeit period of the German Empire and the Joseon Dynasty period of Korean history. However, the Korean Empire lost its right to conduct foreign policy due to the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905. Germany did not recognise the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile in Shanghai (the self-asserted successor to the Korean Empire).
The consuls-general and consuls of the German Empire to the Joseon Dynasty and then the Korean Empire were:
* Capt. Zembisch, appointed November 18, 1884
* H. Budler, acting consul-general from August 11, 1885
* T. Kempermann, appointed May 17, 1886
* F. Krien, acting consul-general May 22, 1887; appointed April 27, 1889
* F. Reinsdorf, acting consul from December 5, 1898
* H. Weipert, acting consul from April 1, 1900; appointed September 29, 1900

## List of heads of mission
### Ambassadors of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Republic of Korea

* Richard Hertz, 1956–1960
* Karl Bunger, 1960–1964
* Franz Ferring, 1964–1969
* Wilfried Sarrazin, 1969–1975
* Karl Leuteritz, 1975–1980
* Wolfgang Eger, 1980–1985
* Jűrgen Kleiner, 1985–1992
* Dieter Siemes, 1992–1995
* Claus Vollers, 1995–2000
* Hubertus von Morr, 2000–2003
* Michael Geier, 2003–2006
* Norbert Baas, 2006–2009
* Hans-Ulrich Seidt, 2009–2012
* Rolf Mafael, 2012–2016
* Stephen Auer, 2016–2020
* Michael Reiffenstuel, 2020–present
# Potriphila

Potriphila is a genus of fungi in the family Odontotremataceae.
# Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 150

The 150th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Montgomery County and includes the following areas:
* Collegeville
* Lower Providence Township
* Skippack Township
* Upper Providence Township
* West Norriton Township (PART)
** District 01
** District 02 [PART, Division 01]
** District 03

## Representatives

| Representative | Party | Years | District home | Note |
| Prior to 1969, seats were apportioned by county. |||||
| Robert J. Butera | Republican | 1969 – 1977 | | Resigned December 14, 1977 |
| Joseph A. Lashinger, Jr. | Republican | 1978 – 1990 | | Elected to fill vacancy |
| John A. Lawless | Republican | 1991 – 2000 | Audubon | Switched party in 2001 |
| John A. Lawless | Democrat | 2001 – 2002 | Audubon | |
| Jacqueline R. Crahalla | Republican | 2003 – 2006 | | |
| Mike Vereb | Republican | 2007 – 2017 | West Norriton Township | |
| Michael Corr | Republican | 2017 – 2019 | Collegeville | |
| Joe Webster | Democrat | 2019 – present | Lower Providence Township | Incumbent |
# Robert Sherwood Dillon

Robert Sherwood Dillon (born January 7, 1929) was the United States Ambassador to Lebanon from 1981 to 1983. He was born in 1929 in Chicago and attended Duke University, graduating in 1951.
Dillon served in the US army for eighteen months before being discharged and continuing his education at Duke University. After receiving his B.A. in English Literature in 1951, he served as a CIA intelligence officer with Chinese Nationalist irregular forces. Following his time in the CIA, he joined the Foreign Service. Dillon spent more than 30 years in the Foreign Service with assignments including Venezuela, Turkey, Malaysia, Egypt, Lebanon. He served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Malaysia, Turkey and Egypt and oversaw the negotiations and security of hostages during The Kuala Lumpur Hostage Crisis. Dillon served as US Ambassador to Lebanon for two years, surviving the 1983 United States embassy bombing, before retiring from the foreign service in 1983 with the rank of Career Minister.
After his time in the Foreign Service, Dillon joined the United Nations as Assistant Secretary General and later served for five years as Deputy Commissioner General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. In 1988, Dillon became President and CEO of the non-profit, America-Mideast Education and Training Services, Inc., which he left in 1995. From 1994-1995, Dillon worked for the UN as Special Humanitarian Envoy for Rwanda and Burundi. After which he worked as for six months with the Department of State. Dillon currently resides in Arlington, Virginia and has authored a memoir and biography of his father, Dale Crowell Dillon.

## Books

* One of the Very Best Men by Robert Sherwood Dillon (Five and Ten Press, March 2004) ISBN 1-89-237919-8 (Memoir)
* An American Soldier in World War I by Robert Sherwood Dillon (Five and Ten Press, June 2005) ISBN 1-89-237923-6 (Biography of Dale Crowell Dillon)
# Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30

39S ribosomal protein L30, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL30 gene.

## Function

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified at least two transcript variants encoding the same protein. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 6p and 12p.
# Nyang

Nyang may refer to:
* Korean yang, also spelled nyang, the currency of Korea between 1892 and 1902
* Nyang languages, a group of Southern Bantoid languages spoken in Southwest Cameroon

## Places

* Nyang River, a major river in south-west Tibet
* Nyang Station, a sheep station in Western Australia

## People with the surname

* Aziz Corr Nyang (born 1984), Gambian footballer
* Haggai Nyang' (fl. 1990s–2000s), Kenyan Anglican bishop
* Sulayman S. Nyang (1944–2018), Gambian professor of African studies
# Nyssodrysternum stillatum

Nyssodrysternum stillatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1864.
# Tangimoe Clay

Tangimoe Clay is a New Zealand weaver and textile artist. She is affiliated with the Whakatōhea and Ngāti Ngahere iwi. Her artworks are held by the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

## Biography

Clay is a weaver from Ōpōtiki who has exhibited in New Zealand as well as internationally. She became interested in working with flax in the late 1980s. She was taught some weaving skills by Maggie Tai. Clay has artworks in the collections of the Auckland Art Gallery and Te Papa Tongarewa. In 2014 Clay enrolled with Te Wānanga o Aotearoa to study towards a Bachelor of Māori Visual Arts - Maunga Kura Toi. She also owns the Tangata Whenua Gallery in Ōpōtiki where she sells art works produced by herself as well as other Māori artists.

## Honours and awards

In 2003 Clay won Best self-employment business award in the Maori businesswomen awards. In 2016 Clay was the recipient of the Molly Morpeth Canaday 3D local Merit award and the Whakatāne Society of Arts and Crafts Local Art Award.

## Exhibits

* The Eternal Thread, group exhibition, Pātaka Art + Museum, Porirua, tour of USA (2004), Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu (2007)
* Mataraupo, Te Koputu a te whanga a Toi — Whakatane Library and Exhibition Centre, 9 December 2017 to 4 February 2018.
* The Real Opotiki, Studio One Toi Tū, 2017
# Monocular (disambiguation)

A monocular is a modified refracting telescope.
Monocular may also refer to:
* Monocular vision, vision in which each eye is used separately.
* Monocular O, a variant of Cyrillic letter O
# Scutellastra aphanes

Scutellastra aphanes is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is endemic to South Africa.

## Taxonomy

Scutellastra aphanes was originally described by Gary Robson in 1986, as Patella aphanes. The specific name "aphanes" means "unseen" or "unnoticed" in Greek. The species and other Southern African Patella were later moved to Scutellastra in 1998 based on morphological analysis.

## Description

Scutellastra aphanes consists of two distinct ecomorphs, one associated with beds of the mussel Perna perna and the other on nearby rocks. The most striking difference between the two is that the rock-dwelling form possesses more prominent shell ribs and the ventral margin is not concave in profile, unlike the mussel-dwelling form.
# Scutellastra argenvillei

Scutellastra argenvillei or Argenville's limpet, is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.
It is endemic to the south and west coasts of Namibia and South Africa in southern Africa.

## Description

It is a large and relatively tall limpet, with an oval base, slightly narrower at one end, with a maximum size of about 90 mm. The outer surface has fine radiating ridges, and the apex is commonly eroded. Inner surface is generally white.

## Ecology

This limpet is abundant on moderately exposed shores in the low inter-tidal and shallow subtidal zone on the west coast of South Africa, but is being displaced by the invasive Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The lower inter-tidal zone in this area is also referred to as the Cochlear-Argenvillei zone. It feeds on kelp by trapping the edge of fronds under the edge of its shell while feeding.
# Lezhnevsky

Lezhnevsky (masculine), Lezhnevskaya (feminine), or Lezhnevskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Lezhnevsky District, a district of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia
* Lezhnevsky (rural locality), a former rural locality (a settlement) in Chulymsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast; abolished in November 2009
# Lezhi railway station

Lezhi railway station (Chinese: 乐至站) is a planned railway station in Lezhi County, Ziyang, Sichuan, China. It will be located at the crossing point of the Second Chengdu–Chongqing high-speed railway and the Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway and will have platforms on both lines.
# Levante-EMV

Levante-El Mercantil Valenciano is a Spanish regional newspaper from the Valencian Community that belongs to the Prensa Ibérica media holding. It had a brief precedent in Avance (30 March – 15 April 1939) and it was the bulletin of the Valencian section of the FET y de las JONS. The newspaper later belonged to the Movimiento (official Francoist political movement) press. From 1977 it belonged to the Medios de Comunicación Social del Estado (Social Communication Media of the State) and in 1984 it was purchased by the private enterprise Prensa Valenciana.
Its ideology could be placed in the center-left even though it holds its independence. In Castelló it is published as Levante de Castelló. It has different editions that correspond to different areas of the Valencian region (Valencia, L'Horta, Safor and so on). It is nowadays the most read newspaper in the Valencian region.
The printed edition is mostly in Spanish, even though two pages about cultural and social events in Catalan is published daily (Panorama) and weekly there is also a literary supplement (Post Data) in that language, together with some collaborations and articles. The digital edition has a version in Spanish and since 1 May 2016 also in Catalan.

## Important journalists and collaborators

* Joan Fuster, historian, writer and essayist.
* Francesc de Paula Burguera, writer and journalist. He took an active role in the Valencian politics during the Spanish transition.
* Antonio Ortiz Fuster, a.k.a. Ortifus, Valencian cartoonist. He publishes a dayly cartoon on the second page of the newspaper.
# Sean Clements

Sean Clements (born August 4, 1981) is an American writer, comedian, television producer, and podcast host. He grew up in Connecticut and is best known, along with Hayes Davenport, as one half of The Boys, the duo who hosts the podcast Hollywood Handbook.
He has written for Kevin Can F**k Himself, Ash vs Evil Dead, Stone Cold Fox, Workaholics, The Grinder, Allen Gregory, Making History, Murder Police, and United We Fall, and was an executive producer on Ghosted. He has appeared as an actor in Workaholics, Parks and Recreation, The Colbert Report, Love, Comedy Bang! Bang!, Alone Together, and Curb Your Enthusiasm.
In addition to Hollywood Handbook, Clements is known for the premium spin-off podcasts Hollywood Masterclass, Hollywood Handbook: Pro Version, and The Flagrant Ones. Clements also starred in the limited run podcast An Oral History of the 1993 Tappan Jr. High School Talent Show.
Clements is a frequent performer of improv at UCB, currently performing weekly with Shitty Jobs at UCB Franklin in Los Angeles since 2009. He previously performed on New York Harold teams from 2006 to 2009: Tantrum, The Fucking Kennedys, Bangs, and Badman.
# Sean Clarke

Sean John Clarke (born January 1968) is a British businessman, and was the head of Walmart's operations in China. He returned to Asda as the newly appointed CEO of the company on 11 July 2016. He has replaced Andy Clarke (unrelated), who was CEO from 2010 to 2016.
On 30 October 2017, it was announced that Roger Burnley would succeed him as CEO of Asda on 1 January 2018.
# Seb Nagle-Taylor

Sebastian "Seb" Nagle-Taylor (born 16 September 1994) is an English professional rugby player who plays as a Number eight for Doncaster Knights.

## Club career

Born in Winchester, Nagle-Taylor spent his childhood in Hong Kong, starting to play rugby aged nine in the Valley RFC academy. In 2007, he went back to England in Sussex, joining Eastbourne College in Gonville House. There he ended up captaining both XV and the 7s team, following the steps of rugby players such as Hugo Southwell or Will Green.
From 2012 to 2015 he did a degree in history at the University College London, starting his club career in the meantime. Sebastian first signed for the National League 1 side Rosslyn Park, but actually making his debut on loan in Barking.
He had previous experience in the RFU Championship with Bedford Blues, Ealing Trailfinders and Jersey Reds. He signed for third division Rotherham Titans in the National League 1 for the 2018–19 season, where he captained the side on numerous occasions. On 3 May 2019, Nagle-Taylor returns to the Championship with Hartpury University for the 2019–20 season.
He joined Gloucester in the Premiership Rugby on a short-term loan during the 2020–21 season. His impressive performances lead him to sign a permanent deal with the Premiership side from the 2021–22 season. He will return to Hartpury back for the remaining Championship season before permanently joining Gloucester in the summer of 2021.
On 28 June 2022, Nagle-Taylor returned to the Championship as he signed for Cornish Pirates during the 2022–23 season. He moved once more in Summer 2024 signing for Doncaster Knights ahead of the 2024-25 Championship season.

## International career

Nagle-Taylor made his debut with England Counties U20 against Georgia U20s, later also being involved with the England Students, a selection of university students.
Nagle-Taylor played with England Sevens during the 2014–15 season.
# Liaqat

Liaqat may refer to:
* Agha Syed Liaqat Ali, Pakistani politician, member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan 2013–2018
* Chaudhry Liaqat Ali, Pakistani politician, member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since 2018
* Liaqat Ali (1895–1951), the first Prime Minister of Pakistan
* Liaqat Ali (cricketer, born 1955) (born 1955), Pakistani cricketer
* Rana Liaqat Ali, Pakistani politician, Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since 2018
* Liaqat Baloch (born 1952), political leader in Pakistan
* Liaqat Ali Bangulzai, Pakistani politician
* Liaqat Abbas Bhatti, Pakistani politician
* Iffat Liaqat Ali Khan, Pakistani politician in the Provincial Assembly of Punjab
* Liaqat Ali Khan (Pakistani politician), Pakistani politician, member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 2018
* Liaqat Ali Khan (politician), Pakistani politician, member of the National Assembly of Pakistan 2008–2013
* Liaqat Hayat Khan KCIE OBE (1887–1948), Indian official, Prime Minister of Patiala State, in British India
* Iffat Liaqat, Pakistani politician, member of the National Assembly of Pakistan 2013–2018
* Mani Liaqat (born 1984), Manchester-based British-Asian actor and comedian
* Mohammed Liaqat, one of the leaders of a child sex abuse ring that sexually abused up to a hundred girls in Derby, England
* Sajid Liaqat (born 1985), German cricketer
* Hafiz Liaqat Manzoor, citizen of Pakistan who was held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba
* Liaqat Khan Tarakai, Pakistani politician, member of Senate of Pakistan representing Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
# Sean (disambiguation)

Sean is a given name.
Sean may also refer to:
* Sean (cartoonist) (1935–2005), American artist
* Sean (Street Fighter), character from the Street Fighter series
* "Sean", song by The Proclaimers from album Sunshine on Leith
* "Sean", song by Foo Fighters from EP Saint Cecilia
# Sebastiaan Matheus Sigismund de Ranitz

Sebastiaan Matheus Sigismund de Ranitz may refer to one of several people.
* Sebastiaan Matheus Sigismund de Ranitz (1833–1909), Dutch jurist and parliamentarian
* Sebastiaan Mattheus Sigismund de Ranitz (1846–1916) [nl], Dutch patrician and artist
* Sebastiaan Matheus Sigismund de Ranitz (1901–1987), Dutch jurist and Nazi collaborator
# Li Sheng

Li Sheng may refer to:
* Li Sheng (Three Kingdoms) (李勝: ? - 249), Cao Wei official
* Li Sheng (Tang dynasty) (李晟: 727-793), Tang dynasty general
* Li Sheng (artist) (fl. 1346), Chinese landscape artist
* Li Sheng (computer scientist) (李生; born 1943)
# Seeg

Seeg is a municipality in the district of Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

## Gallery

* Kirchthal, view to the village
* Engelbolz, chapel

## Notable people

* Irene Epple (1957), German alpine skier.
# Lichtenvoorde-Groenlo railway station

Lichtenvoorde-Groenlo is a railway station serving the villages of Lichtenvoorde and Groenlo. The station, which opened on 24 June 1878, is located on the Zutphen–Winterswijk railway line. Although the station name includes Lichtenvoorde and Groenlo, it is actually situated in the village of Lievelde.
The station is operated by Arriva, a regional public transport company, providing train services for the area. Despite its location in Lievelde, the station is an important transport link for residents of both Lichtenvoorde and Groenlo, connecting them to other parts of the region.

## Train services

| Route | Service type | Operator | Notes |
| Zutphen – Winterswijk | Local ("Sprinter") | Arriva | 2× per hour (only 1× per hour after 20:00 on Saturday and Sunday mornings) |

### Bus services

| Line | Route | Operator | Notes |
| 72 | Lichtenvoorde – Lievelde – Groenlo – Eibergen – Neede | Arriva | Only runs 1× per hour between Groenlo and Neede during part of the morning, evenings and weekends. |
| 191 | Aalten – Bredevoort – Barlo – Lichtenvoorde – Lievelde – Lichtenvoorde – Zieuwent – Marienvelde – Ruurlo | Arriva | On evenings and weekends, this bus only operates if called one hour before its supposed departure ("belbus") and only between Aalten and Mariënvelde and Zieuwent and Ruurlo. |
# /dev/full

In Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD /dev/full, or the always-full device, is a special file that always returns the error code ENOSPC (meaning "No space left on device") on writing, and provides an infinite number of zero bytes to any process that reads from it (similar to /dev/zero). This device is usually used when testing the behaviour of a program when it encounters a "disk full" error.

## History

Support for the always-full device in Linux is documented as early as 2007. Native support was added to FreeBSD in the 11.0 release in 2016, which had previously supported it through an optional module called lindev. The full device appeared in NetBSD 8.
# 100% Arabica

100% Arabica may refer to:
* 100% Arabica (coffee), a common blend of coffee and quality labeling
* 100% Arabica (film), a 1997 French comedy movie