OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Corbett (industrialist)

John Corbett (bapt. 29 June 1817 – 22 April 1901) was an English industrialist, philanthropist and Liberal Party politician of the Victorian era. He is particularly associated with the salt industry in Stoke Prior and Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire. Locally he was nicknamed The Salt King.

## Family background

Corbett was born in Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, where his father, Joseph Corbett, ran a successful canal transport business. John joined the family business but by 1850 canals were facing increasing competition from the new and expanding railways.

## Foresight

John Corbett sold his share of the family canal business and, in 1853, purchased disused salt workings in Stoke Prior from the British Alkali Company. Corbett brought all the innovations of the Industrial Revolution to mechanise and commercialise the business, soon making his salt workings the largest in Europe and built a great fortune.

## Philanthropy

Corbett did not use his fortune only for himself: he chose to reinvest profits into his business, innovating, improving his workforce's working conditions, raising wages. His workers were so well paid, for the time, that many could boast that their wives did not need to work at all.
In December 1891, Corbett bought a rundown house near his birthplace, The Hill in Amblecote, which he repaired and refurbished, changing its use into a hospital, endowed it to the local people on 31 July 1893 as Corbett Hospital, with a sum of £2,000 for endowment (increased by public subscription to £5,000) and two sums of £500 towards the repairs fund and furnishing. John Corbett never lived at The Hill.

## Politics

He was elected at the 1874 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Droitwich, having unsuccessfully contested the seat in 1868. He was re-elected at three subsequent general elections, joining the breakaway Liberal Unionists when the Liberal Party split in 1886 over Home Rule for Ireland. Corbett retired from the House of Commons at the 1892 general election.

## Marriage

In 1855 he met his future wife Hanna O'Meara in Paris. She lived in Paris with her Irish father and mother. He married her within a year of meeting her. They had six children together.
She missed her elegant Parisian lifestyle and the French upbringing she had enjoyed so Corbett had a French style chateau built to assuage her homesickness, completed in 1875 for the staggering cost, at the time, of £247,000. Chateau Impney still stands today, as a well-known landmark just outside Droitwich Spa.
They separated after nearly thirty years of marriage.

## Retirement

In 1888, he sold the massive salt business to the Salt Union Ltd for GBP £660,000 (equivalent to £50 million in 2007). He spent much of the proceeds in philanthropic work in and around Droitwich Spa, buying St. Andrew's House and turning it into the Raven Hotel. At the end of the 19th century, he presented a veranda to the Aberdovey literary institute.
He died on 22 April 1901 and was buried in the churchyard of St Michaels, Stoke Prior, Worcestershire.
# Layers of Lies

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Layers of Lies is the fourth album from Swedish melodic death metal band Darkane, issued on 27 June 2005.
The release of this album took sometime since the last album because Peter Wildoer suffered a severe hand injury in 2003 which left him uncertain whether he would drum again but miraculously a year later recovered. Along with that Wildoer became busy with Christofer Malmström new project at the time, Non-Human Level.
This was the last album to feature vocalist Andreas Sydow who left in 2007.
# Mangouin

Mangouin is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Biankouma, Biankouma Department, Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.
Until 2012, Mangouin was in the commune of Mangouin-Yrongouin. In March 2012, Mangouin-Yrongouin became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. Yrongouin is a smaller village one-and-a-half kilometres north of Mangouin.
# Naum Gurvich

Naum Lazarevich Gurvich (Наум Лазаревич Гурвич) (April 15, 1905 – 1981) was a Soviet-Jewish cardiac physician, a pioneer in the development of defibrillators.

## Biography

Naum Gurvich was born in the village of Timkovichi near Minsk, Russian Empire. Early successful experiments of successful defibrillation by the discharge of a capacitor performed on animals were reported by N. L. Gurvich and G. S. Yunyev in 1939. In 1947 their works were reported in western medical journals. Serial production of Gurvich's pulse defibrillator started in 1952, model ИД-1-ВЭИ (the abbreviation stands for "импульсный дефибриллятор 1, Всесоюзный электротехнический институт", "pulse defibrillator 1, All-Union Electrotechnical Institute; the device was manufactured by the electromechanical plant of the Institute). It is described in detail in Gurvich's 1957 book, Heart Fibrillation and Defibrillation.
In 1958, US senator Hubert H. Humphrey visited Nikita Khrushchev and among other things he visited the Moscow Institute of Reanimatology led by Vladimir Negovsky(For many years, V.A. Negovsky had been supervising N.L. Gurvich at the Experimental Physiology and Resuscitation Laboratory, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. V.A. Negovsky deserves a separate Wikipedia entry (see, for example, Peter Safar "Vladimir A. Negovsky the father of reanimatology, Resuscitation 49 (2001) 223-229, also the entry in russian - "Неговский, Владимир Александрович")., where, among others (The visit of senator Humphrey to the Laboratory is not described accurately. At that moment, the name of the Laboratory was the Experimental Physiology and Resuscitation Laboratory. In 1986, the name was changed to the Institute of General Reanimatology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (the term "reanimation" was introduced into clinical practice by V.A. Negovsky in 1961). The aim of the visit was a discussion with V.A. Negovsky, rather than with N.L. Gurvich. During the discussion, V.A. Negovsky was offered to move the Laboratory to the USA, which he rejected.), he met with Gurvich. Humphrey immediately recognized the importance of reanimation research and after that a number of American doctors visited Gurvich. At the same time, Humphrey worked on establishing of a federal program in the National Institute of Health in physiology and medicine, telling to the Congress: "Let’s compete with U.S.S.R. in research on reversibility of death".
In 1970 Gurvich was among the group awarded the USSR State Prize in science and technology "за предложение, разработку и внедрение в медицинскую практику ЭИТ аритмий сердца" (for the proposal, development and introduction into medical practice of electropulse therapy [ cardioversion ] of cardiac arrhythmias.)
# James Bradshaw (minister)

James Bradshaw (1636? – 1702), was an English clergyman and ejected minister.

## Life

James Bradshaw was related to the Bradshaws of Haigh, near Wigan, the elder and royalist branch of the family. He was born at Hacken in the parish of Bolton, Lancashire, about 1636. He was educated at the Bolton grammar school and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, but did not graduate. This was due to the influence of his uncle William Holmes, vicar of Guilsborough, Northamptonshire, under whom he studied divinity. Returning to Lancashire, he was ordained minister of Hindley. With other Lancashire ministers, he was involved in the royalist rising under Sir George Booth. He was ejected in 1662, but, continuing to preach, he suffered some months' imprisonment at the instance of his relative Sir Roger Bradshaw, an episcopalian magistrate.
After the indulgence of 1672 Bradshaw got possession of Rainford Chapel, in the parish of Prescot. The neighboring clergy now and then preached for him, reading the prayer-book ; hence the churchwarden was able to say 'yes' to the question at visitations: 'Have you common prayer read yearly in your chapel?' John Pearson, the bishop of Chester, would not sustain information against peaceable ministers, so Bradshaw was not disturbed. He was also one of the Monday lecturers at Bolton.
James Bradshaw died at Rainford in 1702, in his sixty-seventh year, his death being the result of a mishap while riding to preach. His son Ebenezer, presbyterian minister at Ramsgate, was ordained 22 June 1694 in Dr. Annesley's meeting-house, Bishopsgate Within, near Little St. Helen's (this was at the first public ordination among presbyterians after the Restoration).

## Works

* The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarm'd, &c., 1677, 12mo (sermons on Cant. v., preface by Nathaniel Vincent, M.A., who died 21 June 1697, aged 52).
* The Trial and Triumph of Faith.
# Keisha Hampton

Keisha Hampton (born February 22, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Chicago Sky of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She signed a training camp contract for the Connecticut Sun on April 1, 2014, but was waived prior to the start of the season. On March 30, 2016, she was signed by the Minnesota Lynx for the 2016 WNBA season. Prior to the 2017 WNBA season she was traded to the Chicago Sky.

## Career statistics
### WNBA
#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| 2016 | Minnesota | 27 | 0 | 6.8 | .333 | .333 | .870 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.6 |
| 2017 | Chicago | 19 | 1 | 7.8 | .414 | .417 | 1.000 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 3.6 |
| Career | 2 years, 2 teams | 46 | 1 | 7.2 | .374 | .375 | .897 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 3.0 |

#### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| 2016 | Minnesota | 4 | 0 | 2.0 | .500 | .333 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 |
| Career | 1 year, 1 team | 4 | 0 | 2.0 | .500 | .333 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 |

### College statistics

Source
| Year | Team | GP | Points | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2008–09 | DePaul | 33 | 344 | 41.3 | 32.1 | 73.8 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 10.4 |
| 2009–10 | DePaul | 33 | 456 | 41.4 | 33.7 | 73.1 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 13.8 |
| 2010–11 | DePaul | 36 | 575 | 41.6 | 35.6 | 74.6 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 16.0 |
| 2011–12 | DePaul | 12 | 199 | 41.4 | 34.7 | 88.1 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 16.6 |
| Career | | 114 | 1574 | 41.5 | 34.3 | 75.7 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 13.8 |
# Kadus

Kadus is a village in Khed taluka in Pune district of state of Maharashtra, India.
# Nicu Constantinescu

Nicu Constantinescu (1840–1905) was a Romanian liberal politician, mayor of the city of Buzău, in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He is credited for much of the modern urban development of the city.
He held the office of mayor in five separate terms: 1883–1886, 1889–1890, 1890–1892, 1895–1899 and 1901–1905. He initiated a project to build the Communal Palace, present-day city hall of Buzău, as well as a new courthouse building. The palace was finished in 1903. Constantinescu ordered, also, improvements to be made on the Crâng park, a large park carved in a forest at the outskirts of the city. The Nicolae Bălcescu Boulevard, constructed at the same time, connects the Communal palace in the city center to the Crâng park.
# Jim Pattison Children's Hospital

Jim Pattison Children's Hospital is one of four hospitals in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It is located on the University of Saskatchewan campus and is connected via corridor to the Royal University Hospital. It is located along the banks of the South Saskatchewan River. It was opened on September 29, 2019.
The facility is operated by the Saskatchewan Health Authority. It is equipped with a helipad, used by Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society. It includes a pediatric intensive care unit and a neonatal intensive care unit. The facility's Child Life Zone was created through a partnership between Garth Brooks' Teammates for Kids Foundation and the Jim Pattison Children's Hospital Foundation.
The facility is named after Canadian business magnate Jim Pattison after a $50 million donation was announced in May 2017 by then Premier of Saskatchewan Brad Wall.
# Jim Wessinger

James Michael Wessinger (born September 25, 1955) is a former second baseman, pinch hitter and pinch runner for the Atlanta Braves in 1979.
The right-handed Wessinger attended Notre Dame High School in Utica and then Le Moyne College prior to being drafted by the Braves in the sixth round of the 1976 amateur draft.
He made his major league debut on August 9, 1979, at the age of 23. He appeared in both games of a doubleheader that day, pinch running for Pepe Frias in the first game and starting the second game before being replaced by Jerry Royster. He spent a total of 10 games in the big leagues that year, hitting .000 in seven at-bats, though he did score two runs. He appeared in his final game on September 24, 1979, a day shy of his 24th birthday.
Though his major league career was relatively short, his minor league career lasted five seasons. In 524 minor league games, Wessinger hit .266 with 14 home runs. In just 98 games in 1979, he hit .297 with five home runs and 53 runs scored.
# Nied

The Nied (German pronunciation:; French pronunciation:) is a river in Lorraine, France, and Saarland, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Saar. It is formed where two streams converge: the Nied allemande ("German Nied") and the Nied française ("French Nied"), which join in Condé-Northen.
The "Nied française" is the bigger of the two, with a length of 59 kilometres (37 mi), and its source is near Morhange. Another town on the "Nied française" is Pange. The other stream, the "Nied allemande" is 58 kilometres (36 mi) long, with its source in Seingbouse, east of Saint-Avold. Another town on the Nied allemande is Faulquemont.
The Nied itself is 55 kilometres (34 mi) long, of which 16 kilometres (10 mi) are in Germany. It flows through Bouzonville, and joins the Saar in Rehlingen-Siersburg.
# Nicolás Esguerra

Nicolás Esguerra (September 10, 1838 – December 23, 1923) was a Colombian lawyer and statesman.

## Early life

Esguerra was born in Bogotá, Republic of New Granada, the son of Colonel Domingo Esguerra, a veteran of the Independence war, and Serafina Ortiz. He lived in Ibagué for a good part of his life, and it was there that he came under the protection and influence of Manuel Murillo Toro, who helped him get admitted to college. Esguerra studied philosophy and law in the Colegio del Rosario where he graduated when he was twenty years old.

## Public Life and Politics

After he graduated as a lawyer, Esguerra became a judge and a magistrate. He started participating eagerly in politics and eventually became a congressman in 1872. Between 1864 and 1885 he was the rector of the Colegio del Rosario, during which tenure he attempted to reconcile the liberal and free-thinking university and the Catholic clergy. This made him popular among both liberals and conservatives. As a director of the Diario de Cundinamarca newspaper, he was influential in the presidential campaign of Santiago Pérez, who when elected as president appointed him as Secretary of Treasury and briefly as Minister of the Interior.
In the rise of the Regeneración (Regeneration) period which finished the liberal hegemony and terminated the United States of Colombia, to be succeeded by a centralist, conservative government embodied in the new Colombian Constitution of 1886, Esguerra was a strong opponent, denouncing among other things the illegal arrest of Cesar Conto, the director of "El Liberal" newspaper, assuming then as the director. Because of his opposition and liberal ideas he was persecuted, his properties confiscated, and he himself was expelled from the country on two occasions. During this time he traveled across Venezuela, Costa Rica, and the United States of America, where he met and befriended José Martí. He returned to Colombia under the government of Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, and later was instrumental in the protests against president Rafael Reyes regarding his signing of a treaty between Colombia, Panama and the United States of America, as a compensation for the separation of Panama, and as a result of which Reyes resigned as president.
Esguerra was also a presidential candidate in 1914, the first direct presidential elections since 1860, losing to conservative José Vicente Concha. He died in Bogotá in 1923.
# 1865 West Sydney colonial by-election

1865 West Sydney colonial by-election may refer to
* 1865 West Sydney colonial by-election 1 held in February 1865
* 1865 West Sydney colonial by-election 2 held in July 1865
* 1865 West Sydney colonial by-election 3 held in October 1865
# 1873 Philadelphia White Stockings season

The Philadelphia White Stockings played their first season in 1873 as a member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished second in the league with a record of 36-17.

## Regular season
### Season standings

| National Association | W | L | GB | Pct. |
| Boston Red Stockings | 43 | 16 | – | .729 |
| Philadelphia White Stockings | 36 | 17 | 4.0 | .679 |
| Baltimore Canaries | 34 | 22 | 7.5 | .607 |
| New York Mutuals | 29 | 24 | 11.0 | .547 |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 28 | 23 | 11.0 | .549 |
| Brooklyn Atlantics | 17 | 37 | 23.5 | .205 |
| Washington Blue Legs | 8 | 31 | 25.0 | .205 |
| Elizabeth Resolutes | 2 | 21 | 23.0 | .087 |
| Baltimore Marylands | 0 | 6 | 16.5 | .000 |

### Record vs. opponents

1873 National Association Recordsvte Sources: :
| Team | BC | BM | BOS | BR | EL | NY | PHA | PWS | WSH |
| Baltimore Canaries | — | 4–0 | 2–7–1 | 7–2 | 3–0 | 6–3 | 3–4 | 3–6 | 6–0 |
| Baltimore Marylands | 0–4 | — | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–2 |
| Boston | 7–2–1 | 0–0 | — | 8–1 | 4–1 | 6–3 | 4–5 | 5–4 | 9–0 |
| Brooklyn | 2–7 | 0–0 | 1–8 | — | 3–1 | 2–7 | 4–5–1 | 2–7 | 3–2 |
| Elizabeth | 0–3 | 0–0 | 1–4 | 1–3 | — | 0–4 | 0–2 | 0–4 | 0–1 |
| New York | 3–6 | 0–0 | 3–6 | 7–2 | 4–0 | — | 4–5 | 4–4 | 4–1 |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 4–3 | 0–0 | 5–4 | 5–4–1 | 2–0 | 5–4 | — | 1–8 | 6–0 |
| Philadelphia White Stockings | 6–3 | 0–0 | 4–5 | 7–2 | 4–0 | 4–4 | 8–1 | — | 3–2 |
| Washington | 0–6 | 2–0 | 0–9 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 1–4 | 0–6 | 2–3 | — |

### Roster
## Player stats
### Batting

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| Fergy Malone | 53 | 259 | 75 | .290 | 0 | 41 |
| Denny Mack | 48 | 205 | 60 | .293 | 0 | 19 |
| Jimmy Wood | 42 | 209 | 67 | .321 | 0 | 27 |
| Chick Fulmer | 49 | 236 | 66 | .280 | 1 | 35 |
| Levi Meyerle | 48 | 238 | 83 | .349 | 3 | 59 |
| Fred Treacey | 51 | 243 | 62 | .255 | 1 | 31 |
| George Bechtel | 53 | 258 | 63 | .244 | 1 | 39 |
| Ned Cuthbert | 51 | 279 | 77 | .276 | 2 | 34 |
| Jim Devlin | 23 | 99 | 24 | .242 | 0 | 10 |
| Bob Addy | 10 | 51 | 16 | .314 | 0 | 10 |
| Johnny Ryan | 2 | 8 | 2 | .250 | 0 | 1 |

### Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| George Zettlein | 51 | 460.0 | 36 | 15 | 2.86 | 29 |
| George Bechtel | 3 | 16.0 | 0 | 2 | 4.50 | 0 |

#### Relief pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| Chick Fulmer | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.60 | 0 |
# Nigar Sultana

Nigar Sultana may refer to:
* Nigar Sultana (actress) (1932–2000), Indian actress
* Nigar Sultana (cricketer), Bangladeshi cricketer
# Rigobert Bonne

Rigobert Bonne (6 October 1727 – 2 September 1794) was a French cartographer, widely considered to be one of the most important cartographers of the late 18th century.
In 1773 Bonne succeeded Jacques Nicolas Bellin as Royal Cartographer to France in the office of the Hydrographer at the Depôt de la Marine. Working in his official capacity, Bonne compiled some of the most detailed and accurate maps of the period. Bonne's work represents an important step in the evolution of the cartographic ideology away from the decorative work of the 17th and early 18th century towards a more detail oriented and practical aesthetic. With regard to the rendering of terrain Bonne maps bear many stylistic similarities to those of his predecessor, Bellin. However, Bonne maps generally abandon such common 18th century decorative features such as hand coloring, elaborate decorative cartouches, and compass roses.
While mostly focusing on coastal regions, the work of Bonne is highly regarded for its detail, historical importance, and overall aesthetic appeal.

## Principal works

* Maps for Guillaume Raynal's Atlas de toutes les parties connues du Globe Terrestre (Geneva, 1780)
* Maps for Atlas Encyclopedique ... (2 volumes, Paris, 1788)
# 1869 in birding and ornithology

Birds described in 1869 include Hartlaub's spurfowl, subantarctic shearwater, Himalayan vulture, Palani laughingthrush, Anchieta's barbet and the long-tailed myna.

## Events

John Gerrard Keulemans was persuaded by Richard Bowdler Sharpe to illustrate his A Monograph of the Alcedinidae, or Family of Kingfishers (1868-1871)

## Publications

* Tommaso Salvadori Monografia del Gener Ceyx Lacépède. Torino (1869) (Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino)
* Jean-Joseph Zéphirin Gerbe Les Oiseaux décrits et figurés d'après la classification de Georges Cuvier, mise au courant des progrès de la science, (1869).
* Otto Finsch and Gustav Hartlaub On a small Collection of Birds from the Tonga Islands Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 online
* Osbert Salvin and Philip Sclater On Peruvian birds collected by Mr Whitely Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1869 592-596 online

## Ongoing events

* Theodor von Heuglin Ornithologie von Nordost-Afrika (Ornithology of Northeast Africa) (Cassel, 1869–1875)
* John Gould The Birds of Australia Supplement 1851–69. 1 vol. 81 plates; Artists: J. Gould and H. C. Richter; Lithographer: H. C. Richter
* John Gould The Birds of Asia 1850-83 7 vols. 530 plates, Artists: J. Gould, H. C. Richter, W. Hart and J. Wolf; Lithographers:H. C. Richter and W. Hart
* The Ibis
# Ringneck and Western Railroad

The Ringneck & Western Railroad (reporting mark RWRR), a subsidiary of Watco, is a railroad that began operations in late May 2021 over 108 miles (174 km) of former Dakota Southern Railway track between Mitchell and Presho, South Dakota. The railroad was formed after Watco purchased the 189.7 miles (305.3 km) of track between Mitchell and Kadoka, South Dakota from the state of South Dakota in 2021. The line beyond Presho is out of service with the US Hwy 83 expressway crossing having been removed in the early 2000s during the years that the line was used only for car storage beyond Mitchell.

## History

The line is part of a former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road, secondary built between Marquette, Iowa and Rapid City, South Dakota between 1880 and 1907. In the 1980s, at the risk of Milwaukee Road abandoning the line, the line was embargoed and subsequently purchased by the South Dakota Department of Transportation, which sold the line to Watco in 2021 for $13,000,000. The Dakota Southern Railway, first under the ownership of brothers Alex and Dick Huff and later Mike Williams and Stan Patterson, from the late 1980s to 2021 onward operated and between 2011 and 2016 rehabilitated the line as far as Presho with Federal TIGER Grants plus state funding. Track beyond Kadoka to Rapid City has been removed.

## Traffic

According to Watco traffic consists mainly of grain, fertilizer, and paper products to or from the shuttle loading elevators near Presho, Kennebec, Kimball and a folding carton plant in Mitchell. Between 10,000 and 12,000 cars are handled annually, primarily shuttle trains interchanging with BNSF in Mitchell.