OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Runaway breakdown

Runaway breakdown is a theory of lightning initiation proposed by Alex Gurevich in 1992.
Electrons in air have a mean free path of ~1 cm. Fast electrons which move at a large fraction of the speed of light have a mean free path up to 100 times longer. Given the longer free paths, an electric field can accelerate these electrons to energies far higher than those of initially static electrons. If they strike air molecules, more relativistic electrons will be released, creating an avalanche multiplication of "runaway" electrons. This process, called the relativistic runaway electron avalanche, has been hypothesized to lead to electrical breakdown in thunderstorms, but only when a source of high-energy electrons from a cosmic ray is present to start the "runaway" process.
The resulting conductive plasma trail, many tens of meters long, is suggested to supply the "seed" which triggers a lightning flash.
# Jim Campbell

Jim Campbell may refer to:

## Sports

* Jim Campbell (catcher) (born 1937), MLB (1962–63)
* Jim Campbell (pinch hitter) (born 1943), MLB (1970)
* Jim Campbell (pitcher) (born 1966), MLB (1990)
* Jim Campbell (ice hockey) (born 1973), U.S.
* Jim Campbell (Australian footballer) (1886–1935)
* Jim Campbell (New Zealand footballer), New Zealand

## Other

* Jim Campbell (baseball executive) (1924–1995), with the Detroit Tigers
* Jim Campbell (artist) (born 1956), in San Francisco
* Jim Campbell (comics) (born 1977), artist and musician
* Jim Campbell (comedian) (born 1982), English
* Jim Campbell (trade unionist) (1895–1957), British
* James P. Campbell, a.k.a. Jim Campbell, president and CEO of GE Consumer & Industrial
# Protolampra sobrina

Protolampra sobrina, the cousin german, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1843. It is found in most of Europe, then east across the Palearctic to Siberia, Altai, Irkutsk, Kamchatka and Korea.
The wingspan is 34–39 mm. Meyrick describes it - Antennae in male shortly ciliated. Head deep ferruginous-reddish. Forewings rather dark purplish-brown; lines very indistinctly darker-margined, median shade faintly darker; orbicular and reniform indistinctly outlined with darker, lower end of reniform darker; subterminal line somewhat paler. Hindwings light fuscous, darker terminally. Larva brown-reddish; sides grey-freckled; dorsal and subspiracular lines pale; dots minute, black; head brownish ochreous.

## Similar species

Protolampra sobrina is difficult to certainly distinguish from its congeners. See Townsend et al.
* Diarsia mendica ssp. mendica (Fabricius, 1775)
* Diarsia mendica ssp. thulei (Staudinger, 1891)
* Diarsia mendica ssp. orkneyensis (Bytinski-Salz, 1930)
* Diarsia rubi (Vieweg, 1790)
* Diarsia florida (Schmidt, 1859)
The larvae feed on Rosa acicularis, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium uliginosum. Adults are on wing from July to August.
# Crassispira hosoi

Crassispira hosoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan
# Julie Lundquist

Julie Kay Lundquist is an American atmospheric scientist, and a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science and Wind Energy at Johns Hopkins University. Her research combines observational data with simulation to understand the effects of weather on wind energy production and the effects of wind energy production on the behavior of the atmosphere.

## Education and career

Lundquist was an undergraduate at Trinity University (Texas), graduating in 1995 with a double major in English and Physics. Her interest in atmospheric science was sparked by a summer internship at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and by reading the book An Album of Fluid Motion by Milton Van Dyke. Next, she went to the University of Colorado Boulder for graduate study in the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, supervised by William Blumen. She received a master's degree in 1997 and completed her Ph.D. in 2001.
She continued as a postdoctoral researcher at CU Boulder for another year, and then became a postdoctoral researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. She remained at Lawrence Livermore as a physicist in the Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Department from 2004 to 2010. In 2010, she returned to Colorado as a Fellow in the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, research scientist in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, assistant professor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU Boulder, and affiliated faculty member in the Department of Applied Mathematics at CU Boulder. She was promoted to associate professor in 2016 and full professor in 2023.
In 2024 she moved to Johns Hopkins University as Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science and Wind Energy, with a joint appointment in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.

## Recognition

Lundquist is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society.
# Dance Little Rude Boy

Dance Little Rude Boy is the penultimate single to be released, as a promo, by British rock band Ian Dury and the Blockheads. The single was recorded at RAK Studios when Dury was still able to perform. It was released after Dury's death, on East Central One / Ronnie Harris Records, in 2002.
The song was one of two singles taken from the 2002 album Ten More Turnips from the Tip, (the other being "One Love" / "Ballad of the Sulphate Strangler").
The B-side to this single included two songs, "Books and Water" and "It Ain't Cool".

## Reception

Reviewing the album for the BBC in 2002, Chris Jones said:
   The title seems to imply some kind of rejected product is on offer here. How far this is from the truth is immediately made plain from the sophisticated stroking of a Fender Rhodes that opens the first track "Dance Little Rude Boy". [...] The aforementioned "Rude Boy", "Books and Water" and "It Ain't Cool" all bounce with robust good health with Dury's razor-sharp lyrics cutting a swathe through the smoothest jazz-funk this side of the Atlantic.
Writing in The Guardian in 2008, British comedian Phill Jupitus recalled seeing Dury's last gig: "I compered Ian Dury’s last ever gig at the London Palladium in 2000, which was such a sad night. After the gig he sent me this: lyrics to "Dance Little Rude Boy". He had such a good attitude: he said that he didn't have cancer, cancer had him, and would have to deal with him."

## Personnel

* Ian Dury – vocals
* Chaz Jankel – guitar, keyboards
* Mickey Gallagher – keyboards
* Johnny Turnbull – guitars
* Norman Watt-Roy – bass
* Dylan Howe – drums
* Gilad Atzmon – saxophones
# Motionless Hour (EP)

Motionless Hour is the second release by Long Beach, California band, Repeater—their first, not including the 2005 demo. Coming from an eight-song session intended to be a full-length album, the band decided to split up the tracks and release two separate EPs. The second EP remains unreleased at this time.
Singer, Steve Krolikowski compares this album to Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) by David Bowie.

## Track listing

* "Diamond Ceiling" (4:52)
* "Painless" (3:47)
* "The Time Apart" (3:08)
* "Carved in Shadows" (4:36)

## Personnel

* Steve Krolikowski (vocals and guitar)
* Rob Wallace (keyboards)
* Victor Cuevas (bass)
* Alex Forsythe (guitar)
* Matt Hanief (drums)
# Huizhu Lu

The Huizhu Lu (揮麈錄; "Records of Waving a Duster") is a 12th-century (or early 13th-century) biji-style Chinese history book written by the Song dynasty scholar Wang Mingqing (王明清) who wrote the book over a period of 30 years. Focusing mainly on the fall of the Northern Song dynasty (Jingkang incident) of 1127 and the restoration of the dynasty, the book contains a lot of information on the functioning of the imperial court.
It contains 4 sections:
* "Former Records" (前錄), 4 chapters
* "Latter Records" (後錄), 11 chapters
* "Three Records" (三錄), 3 chapters
* "Addendum" (餘話), 2 chapters
# Natset

Natset is a major village on the Chindwin River in Paungbyin Township, Mawlaik District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It is located on the border of Homalin Township, southwest of Myene.
# Runaway Train (Oleander EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
The Runaway Train EP is the second EP from American post-grunge band Oleander. It was released on November 19, 2002 and marks the band's move from Universal Records to Sanctuary.

## Overview

The EP's title track was originally featured in the Showtime film Bang Bang You're Dead, which premiered October 13, 2002. A music video was then shot and incorporated footage from the film. The cover photo of the Runaway Train EP depicts a screen shot from the video which was included on the record.
Originally, the band's next studio album, Joyride, was expected for a November 2002 release but took longer than planned. Thus, extra material was compiled for the Runaway Train EP which was sold at Oleander concerts that same month and was intended for a store release as well. The tracks "Runaway Train" and "Rainy Day" would later appear on Joyride in 2003.
Serving as a promotional tool for Oleander's upcoming studio album, Runaway Train was competitively priced at $13.98. Amazon.com also offered a pre-release value-add, where those who ordered Joyride ahead of street date could stream the Runaway Train EP.

## Track listing

* "Runaway Train"
* "Rainy Day" (acoustic)
* "Parade"
* "Runaway Train" (demo)

## Personnel

* Thomas Flowers - vocals, rhythm guitar
* Doug Eldridge - bass guitar
* Ric Ivanisevich - lead guitar
* Scott Devours - drums
* Kaylene Peoples - string section arrangements
# Peter Louis Cakü

Peter Louis Cakü (23 March 1953 – 20 February 2020) was a Burmese Roman Catholic bishop.
Cakü was born in Myanmar and was ordained to the priesthood in 1982. He served as titular bishop of Abidda and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kengtung, Myanmar, from 1997 to 2001. He then served as bishop of the Kengtung Diocese from 2001 until his death in 2020.
# Cravero

Cravero is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jorgelina Cravero (born 1982), Argentine tennis player
* Philippe Cravero (born 1970), Swiss footballer
* Roberto Cravero (born 1964), Italian footballer
* Sergio Cravero, Italian engineer and businessman
# Julie Lopes-Curval

Julie Lopes-Curval is a French film director, screenwriter, theatre director, and playwright. Her directorial debut Seaside was showcased in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Caméra d'Or.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Year | Film | Director | Screenwriter | Notes |
| 1999 | Adolescents | | Yes | |
| 2001 | Mademoiselle Butterfly | Yes | Yes | Short film |
| 2002 | Seaside | Yes | Yes | Cannes Film Festival—Caméra d'Or |
| 2003 | A Great Little Business | | Yes | |
| 2004 | The Role of Her Life | | Yes | |
| 2006 | Toi et moi | Yes | Yes | |
| 2009 | Hidden Diary | Yes | Yes | |
| 2014 | High Society | Yes | Yes | |
| 2016 | L'Annonce | Yes | Yes | Telefilm |

## Plays

* Vitrines
* La Vitesse du passant
# Motiongram

A motiongram is a spatiotemporal display of motion, created from a video recording. Motiongrams are created using a video processing technique, in which a motion image is collapsed into a series of 1 pixel wide stripes and plotted next to one another.

## Challenge

The traditional way of representing (human) motion visually, is either by displaying individual frames from a video file as a keyframe display or by doing one or more forms of feature extraction and subsequent plotting of the resultant data. Neither of these are ideal to give a good impression of the actual motion happening in the sequence. Keyframe displays only show postures and not motion, while feature graphs often rely on multiple analysis steps. Motiongrams are useful as an intermediary step to show spatiotemporal information of a movement sequence, but with no need for doing a full analysis of the data.

## History

The term motiongram was first proposed by Alexander Refsum Jensenius in 2006, and the technique has later been refined by him and others. The technique was inspired by the pioneering work of Muybridge and Marey from the 19th century, as well as the slit-scan community in the 20th century. Motiongrams resemble slit-scan photographs, but are different in that they are created from frame-differenced motion-images. The result is that only motion is shown in the final display.

## Implementation

An overview of creating a motiongram is shown in Figure 1. The process starts by reading a video stream, and doing simple image adjustments, e.g., changing the brightness and contrast. The next step involves producing the motion image by calculating the absolute frame difference between successive video frames, followed by applying some noise removal algorithms. The motiongram is created by calculating the normalized mean value for each row or column in the motion image. This means that for each image matrix of size MxN, a Mx1 or 1xN matrix is calculated. Drawing these 1 pixel wide “stripes” next to each other over time results in the final motiongram.
The motiongram technique has been implemented as modules in the open framework Jamoma for Max, as well as for the EyesWeb platform and in Matlab. There are also two standalone applications for OSX and Windows: VideoAnalysis (non-realtime) and AudioVideoAnalysis (realtime).

## Examples

Motiongrams allow for quick navigation in video material and for comparative analysis of motion qualities. Although quite rough, it is easy to see differences in the quantity of motion and similarities in upward/downward patterns between motion sequences.

## Limitations

Since motiongrams are made by averaging over either the rows or columns of a video file, only one dimension will be shown in the final motiongram. Thus a horizontal motiongram will mainly represent vertical motion, while a vertical motiongram will mainly represent horizontal motion.
# Crosa, Piedmont

Crosa is a frazione of the comune of Lessona, in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 332 and an area of 1.0 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi). From 1 January 2016 Crosa was absorbed by the neighbouring municipality of Lessona.
As an autonomous comune Crosa bordered the following municipalities: Casapinta, Cossato, Lessona, Strona.
# Natsgvardiya

Natsgvardiya, or Nats-hvardiia, means National Guard in Slavic languages. The term may refer to:
* National Guard of Russia
* National Guard of Ukraine
# Old Church, New Jersey

Old Church is an unincorporated community located within Monroe Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The settlement is named for a Presbyterian community that settled on the site but relocated to Cranbury c. 1740. Originally, the area was farmland. One of the farms in the area was the Dey Farm, in existence since the founding of Monroe Township in 1838 and the site of a command post used by George Washington during the Battle of Monmouth in 1778. Starting in 2004, the area experienced a major change from its agricultural roots to single-family residences on the south side of the area and age-restricted communities to the north. This redevelopment also caused the severing of the main north–south road, Old Church Road and the extension of Federal Road which formerly had its western end at Old Church Road to Applegarth Road. The a farmhouse named England House was moved 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to the Dey Farm site to preserve the area's history prior to the construction of the new houses in 2004.
# Mario Jeckle

Mario Jeckle (25 August 1974 – 11 June 2004) was a German computer scientist.
From 1997 to 2003, Jeckle attended the University of Applied Sciences in Augsburg. In 1998, he received his computer science degree for his thesis "Prozeßkettenmodellierung am Beispiel der Gießwerkzeugentwicklung und prototypische Implementierung auf Basis des EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase" (An example of process chain modelling in casting tool development and prototype implementation on basis of the EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase). At Augsburg, he taught Java, Java Threads, XML and software engineering.
In 2003, Jeckle became a professor at the University of Applied Sciences in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald. He taught about XML, databases, software engineering and eBusiness.
Jeckle was also a W3C and OMG representative of DaimlerChrysler Research and developed technical standards for XML, UML 2.0, and others. At the beginning of 2004, he was a member of the Technical Architecture Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Jeckle was also an author of books and a speaker at conferences and seminars (information groups).
Jeckle was a member of the International Red Cross. On 11 June 2004, he died while giving aid to others who had a car accident on a German highway. While helping, Jeckle and a second man were hit by another driver who lost control. Tim Berners-Lee, whom Jeckle had previously collaborated with, spoke on his death, "Mario's involvement in the World Wide Web Consortium is a symbol of collaboration: with his time and talent, he has helped create a space that can be shared by people; that brings you together to learn, develop and gain new knowledge together. He helped more and more talented and creative people develop for the web. The election to the Technical Architecture Group by the W3C members was a recognition of achievements made and those expected. Mario has undertaken the difficult task of gaining a foothold in an established group with energy and enthusiasm."
# Newton Stewart railway station

Newton Stewart railway station served the town of Newton Stewart, in the historic county of Wigtownshire in the administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland from 1861 to 1965 on the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway.

## History

The station opened on 12 March 1861 and was situated by the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway with the goods yard, a structure which still survives today, to the north. A locomotive shed to the west of the junction was built in 1920. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 14 June 1965.
# Howard Charles Clark

Howard Charles Clark FRSC FCIC (4 September 1929 – 14 August 2024) was a Canadian chemist and university administrator.
Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Clark was educated at Takapuna Grammar School and received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1951, a Master of Science degree in 1952, and a PhD in 1954 from the University of Auckland. He then received a second PhD in 1958 from University of Cambridge. From 1954 to 1955, he was a lecturer at the University of Auckland. From 1955 to 1957, he was a Fellow at the University of Cambridge. He emigrated to Canada in 1957 as an assistant professor at the University of British Columbia. He became a full professor and remained at UBC until 1965, when he was appointed Head of Chemistry at the University of Western Ontario. During his time at UWO, he was an active scholar, with a focus on organoplatinum chemistry. From 1976 to 1986, he was Vice President Academic and a professor of chemistry at the University of Guelph. From 1986 to 1995, he was the 9th President of Dalhousie University as well as a professor of chemistry.
From 1983 to 1984, he was president of the Chemical Institute of Canada.
Clark died in Guelph on 14 August 2024, at the age of 94.

## Selected works

* Clark, Howard Charles (2003). Growth and governance of Canadian universities: An insider's view. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 9780774810234.
# Jazz Ost-West

Jazz Ost-West was an international jazz festival in Germany, one of the oldest jazz festivals in Europe, founded in Nuremberg in 1966. By 1970 it was attracting over 10,000 people annually.
During the Cold War, the festival was first used as a meeting point between jazz musicians from the West and the Soviet unions, attracting numerous groups from the former Soviet Republic and Czechoslovakia. For a long time it was an opportunity for a German audience to learn about the latest developments not only in the U.S. but also in different parts of Europe and the former Soviet Union. In the 1990s however, the festival lost its importance with the end of the Cold War, and the last festival was performed in 2002.
Artists who performed at the festival include Aziza Mustafa Zadeh, Albert Mangelsdorff, Attila Zoller, Rolf Kühn, Klaus Doldinger, Zbigniew Namysłowski, Peter Herbolzheimer, Barbara Dennerlein, Dusko Goykovich and Kurt Edelhagen, Tomasz Stańko, Peter Brötzmann, Art Blakey, Sun Ra, Pharoah Sanders, Herbie Mann, Phil Woods, Archie Shepp, Abdullah Ibrahim, Keith Jarrett, Karin Krog, Cecil Taylor, Paul Motian, Egberto Gismonti, Adam Makowicz, Bobby McFerrin, German Clarinet Duo, Eddie Lockjaw Davis, McCoy Tyner, Charlie Mariano, Jasper van't Hof, Abbey Lincoln, Michel Petrucciani, John McLaughlin, Bill Frisell, Lou Donaldson, Milt Jackson, Trilok Gurtu, Jiří Stivín, Yōsuke Yamashita, Dewey Redman, Carla Bley, and Terje Rypdal.
# Daniel Angelo Marras

Daniel Angelo Marras was a Jesuit missionary in New Spain.

## Biographies

Marras was born in Cagliari, Sardinia.
In 1656, Marras was assigned to Mission San José de Mátape, where he founded a school for the religious education of native converts. Over the course of his tenure, Marras made Mátape into a commercial hotspot, and established cattle ranching in Sonora. Marras was also heavily involved in mining operations in Mátape, despite Jesuit rules forbidding such involvement. Under his management, two mines were established, manned by African slaves, and a refinery was founded to process the resulting ore.
As of 1685, Marras was vice provincial of the Jesuits in New Spain. He died in Mexico in 1689.
# Crowfoot, Alberta

Crowfoot is a locality in Alberta, Canada.
The community has the name of Crowfoot, an Indian chief.
# Nam phrik kapi

Nam Phrik Kapi is a Thai chili shrimp paste (Thai:น้ำพริกกะปิ).
# Precious Cornerstone University

Precious Cornerstone University is a Nigerian Private University founded in 2017 and located in Ibadan, Oyo State in Nigeria. The institution is established by the Sword of the Spirit Ministries, a popular Pentecostal church in Ibadan, Oyo State, a church presided by Francis Wale Oke who also happens to be the Chancellor of Precious Cornerstone University.

## Academic Division

The institution of higher learning established in 2017 currently houses two faculties. The faculties are:
* Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
* Faculty of Social And Management Sciences

## Vice Chancellor

The vice-chancellor of Precious Cornerstone University is Professor Julius Kola Oloke, who also doubles as the pioneer vice-chancellor of the higher institution of learning. The vice-chancellor in 2021 inaugurated the pioneer student union leaders for the institution while also enjoining them to be of good conduct within and outside the institution of learning.

## Achievement

Following the establishment of Precious Cornerstone University in 2017, the institution had its pioneer matriculation ceremony in 2019 and the school matriculated 78 pioneer students into the institution on the set date. In the 2020–2021 academic session, the institution also collaborated with some bodies to execute some projects, some of the bodies are the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Nigeria, the Oyo state government, the University of Lincoln on Higher Education in Nigeria amongst others.