OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Short-title catalogue

A short-title catalogue (or catalog) is a bibliographical resource that lists printed items in an abbreviated fashion, recording the most important words of their titles. The term is commonly encountered in the context of early modern books, which frequently have lengthy, descriptive titles on their title pages. Many short-title catalogues are union catalogues, listing items in the custody of multiple libraries.
Online short-title catalogues in fact tend to record complete (and therefore longer) title transcriptions.

## Examples

* STC: A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, editors: A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland and Ireland, and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475–1640. Second edition, revised and enlarged, begun by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson, completed by K. F. Pantzer. London: The Bibliographical Society. Vol. I (A–H). 1986. Pp. 620. Vol. II (I–Z). 1976. Pp. 504. Vol. III (Indexes, addenda, corrigenda). 1991. Pp. 430.
* Wing: Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641–1700 by Donald Goddard Wing
* ESTC: English Short Title Catalogue, online database covering 1473–1800 (and incorporating and updating the STC and Wing)
* NSTC: Nineteenth-Century Short Title Catalogue [de], covering English books 1801–1919
* ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, online database covering incunabula, i.e. books printed up to 1500
* STCN: Short Title Catalogue Netherlands, online database covering the Netherlands, 1540–1800
* STCV: Short Title Catalogus Vlaanderen (Short Title Catalogue Flanders), online database of books printed in Flanders (including Brussels) prior to 1801
* BM STC: Short-title catalogues of the British Museum (now the British Library), covering various countries and centuries
* USTC: Universal Short Title Catalogue, online database of all books printed in Europe up to 1650
* Bod-inc.: A Catalogue of Books Printed in the Fifteenth Century now in the Bodleian Library
# Partula auriculata

Partula auriculata was a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae.

## Distribution

This species was endemic to northern Raiatea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct.
# Lake Chilwa

Lake Chilwa is the second-largest lake in Malawi after Lake Malawi. It is in eastern Zomba District, near the border with Mozambique. Approximately 60 km long and 40 km wide, the lake is surrounded by extensive wetlands. There is an island in the middle of the lake called Chisi Island. The lake has no outlet, and the level of water is greatly affected by seasonal rains and summer evaporation. In 1968, the lake disappeared during exceptionally dry weather. When David Livingstone visited the lake in 1859, he reported that its southern boundary reached as far as the Mulanje Massif, which would have made the lake at least 32 kilometres (20 mi) longer than it is today.
The Danish International Development Agency, in cooperation with the Government of Malawi has been working to ensure preservation of the lake and its wetlands. The Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaption Programme (LCBCCAP) has been introduced to conserve the sensitive area, which is not only an important wetland for local fauna, but also a major source for fish products in the region.

## Wildlife

The most common fish species of Lake Chilwa are Barbus paludinosus, Oreochromis shiranus chilwae, Clarias gariepinus, Brycinus imberi and Gnathonemus. The lake supports a waterbird population of around 1.5 million with about 160 different species. Some of these migrate along the Asian - East African Flyway from Siberia each year. With twelve bird species, the number is over 1% of their total flyway population. The surrounding human population is dense and growing, and waterbirds are hunted for food when the water level is low and fishing is problematic. Efforts are being made to ensure that hunting is done in a sustainable manner.

## Economy

About 335 villages with over 60,000 inhabitants engage in fishing the lake, and pull in over 17,000 metric tons each year, 20% of all the fish caught in Malawi.
# National Monument to the Immigrant

The Monumento Nacional ao Imigrante ("National Monument to the Immigrant") is a monument in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, located at the entrance of the city, on BR-116. It is listed by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN).

## History

The monument was the initiative of a community commission, which held a contest to define the best project dedicated to honoring the state's Italian immigrants. The project chosen was by the Rio Grande do Sul sculptor Antônio Caringi. Its cornerstone was laid in 1950 by President Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Building began in 1951, and the work was finished in 1954, being inaugurated by President Getúlio Vargas on February 28. The casting of the bronze parts was in charge of Metallúrgica Abramo Eberle, with supervision by Tito Bettini, and the masonry and stone elements are the work of Silvio Toigo and José Zambon.
The initial intention of the monument was changed by Law 1.801 of January 2, 1953, which determined that it should honor not only the Italian immigrants but all the ethnic groups that contributed to the settlement and progress of Brazil, becoming a national monument. On September 13, 1985, the monument was donated to the Municipality by the Pro-Monument Commission, undergoing several restoration works between 1999 and 2002.
The monument consists of a large bronze farming couple, with a child in the woman's arms. At their backs stands an obelisk with three allegorical images in bas-relief, illustrating land ownership, land cultivation, and the alliance between civil and military forces under divine protection, in addition to the date 1875, of the city's founding. On both sides, there is a staircase.
On May 18, 2016, the monument was declared one of the official symbols of Caxias do Sul. It also names the main commendation granted by the municipality, the National Monument Medal to the Immigrant (" Medalha Monumento Nacional ao Imigrante").

## Crypt

Below the sculpture, a crypt was built, whose door, also in bronze, has the image of Luiz Antônio Feijó Júnior welcoming the immigrants, framed by engraved verses by Cassiano Ricardo. Over the entrance, are the following words:
   A NAÇÃO BRASILEIRA AO IMIGRANTE ("THE BRAZILIAN NATION TO THE IMMIGRANT")
The crypt, covered in marble donated by the Italian government, was originally a museum, but as of July 2004, it was also transformed into a cultural space, receiving the name Espaço Cultural Antônio Caringi, giving way to temporary thematic exhibitions. Currently, the Immigrant Museum is also housed there.
# Ochrosphaera

Ochrosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ochrosphaera meliolae.
# 1894 in Denmark

Events from the year 1894 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian IX
* Prime minister – J. B. S. Estrup (until 7 August), Tage Reedtz-Thott

## Events

* 1 January – Gudhjem Time (Dansk normaltid [da]) is introduced in Denmark.
* 19 May – Danish Authors' Society is founded in Copenhagen.
* 28 July
** The foundation stone is laid for the new Copenhagen City Hall. It is not completed until 1905.
** The Stork Fountain at Amagertorv in Copenhagen is inaugurated.
* 19 August – Frederick's Church to its final design by Ferdinald Meldahl, almost 25+ years after its construction was first started by Nicolai Eigtved.
* 9 November – The Freeport of Copenhagen opens to traffic. The same does a railway between the port and Nørrebro.

### Undated

* The first electric elevator for human transportation in Denmark is installed in Magasin du Nord. A hydraulic elevator has been in operation at Hotel Kongen af Danmark since the 1870s.

## Culture
### Music

* 14 March – The première of Carl Nielsen's Symphony No. 1 is performed by Johan Svendsen conducting the Royal Danish Orchestra, with Nielsen himself among the second violins.

## Sports

* 1 September Østerbros Boldklub is founded.

## Births
### January–March

* 13 April – Lis Ahlmann, textile artist (died 1979)

### April–June

* 1 May – Carl Petersen, politician (died 1984)
* 2 May – Ellen Gottschalch, actress (died 1981)

### July–September

* 10 July – Knud Heglund, actor (died 1960)
* 14 July – Osvald Helmuth, actor and singer (died 1966)
* 9 September – Poul Henningsen, writer, architect and designer (died 1967)

### October–December

* 7 November – Gertie Wandel, textile artist (died 1988)

## Deaths

* 17 April – Julie Sødring, actress (died 1823)
* 7 July – Adolph Hannover, physician (born 1814)
* 28 October – Carl Ploug, writer (born 1713)
# Knoxville Reds

The Knoxville Reds were a minor league baseball team that played in Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1909 to 1914. The team was known as the Knoxville Appalachians from 1909 to 1911 before adopting the Reds moniker. They were members of the Class B South Atlantic League (1909) and the Southeastern League (1910) and Appalachian League (1911–1914), both Class D circuits. They played their home games at Chilhowee Park.
The 1910 Appalachians won the Southeastern League pennant with a 50–30 first-place finish.

## Major leaguers

Seven Appalachians/Reds also competed for major league teams during their careers.
* Nick Cullop (1911), played for the Cleveland Naps (1914) Kansas City Packers (1914–15), New York Yankees (1916–17), and St. Louis Browns (1921).
* Dixie Davis (1911–12) played for the Cincinnati Reds (1912), Chicago White Sox (1915), Philadelphia Phillies (1918), and St. Louis Browns (1920–26).
* Pryor McElveen (1913) played for the Brooklyn Superbas/Dodgers (1909–1911).
* John Merritt (1913) played for the New York Giants (1913).
* Billy Meyer (1910–1912) played for the Chicago White Sox (1913) and Philadelphia Athletics (1916–17) and managed the Pittsburgh Pirates (1948–1952).
* Bill Morley (1912) played for the Washington Senators (1913)
* Fin Wilson (1911–12) played for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops (1914–15).
# Sweet Birds of Youth

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Indie for Bunnies | |
Sweet Birds of Youth is the first solo studio album by American rock musician Richard James Simpson, released in January 2017 by Rehlein Music. It contains 18 tracks, all written by Simpson. It combines traditional songs with several short experimental pieces. The majority of the songs were produced by Simpson, with eight tracks co-produced by Dustin Boyer from the John Cale band, and some other tracks co-produced by Joe and Fitch. Boyer plays several instruments on the album, other contributors include Joey Burns from Calexico on cello, and Theodore Welch on drums. It also features Simpson's sister Jennifer singing harmony vocals.
The album was recorded in Los Angeles and San Francisco. It was mastered by Geza X.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Richard James Simpson. "Bulls" contains a sample of "Ring of Fire" written by June Carter and Merle Kilgore.
* "Birds" – 0:15
* "Bulls" – 3:37
* "Taking Sides" – 4:02
* "Moonbeams Arms" – 2:55
* "I Love You" – 1:10
* "Roller" – 5:02
* "Roll 3" – 0:40
* "You" – 1:19
* "Moon 1" – 0:27
* "Never Is Forever" – 4:56
* "10" – 1:35
* "Sorrow" – 3:25
* "Bloodsick" – 4:19
* "I Can, But I Can't" – 5:12
* "Roll 4" – 0:23
* "Sometimes" – 3:31
* "Spirit Plus" – 3:37
* "10 Estrellas" – 1:43

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the Sweet Birds of Youth liner notes.
Musicians
* Richard James Simpson – vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, organ, soundscapes, voice
* Dustin Boyer – bass, drums, keyboards, soundscapes
* Theodore Welch – drums, percussions
* Joe – drums
* Joey Burns – cello, backing vocals
* Maclovia Martel – backing vocals
* Patricia Maertens – backing vocals
* Jennifer Louise Simpson – vocals, voice
* Michelle Marino – voice
* Miguel Infanzon – voice
* Renate Huy – voice
* Tracy Halsey – voice
* Mike Koenig – sound samples
Production
* Richard James Simpson – producer (all tracks except 8)
* Dustin Boyer – producer (2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16)
* Joe – producer (4, 17)
* Fitch – producer (8)
* Geza X – mastering
* Jessee Vidaurre – design
# Distiller (disambiguation)

A distiller performs distillation, often to produce alcohol.
Distiller or distillers may also refer to:
* Adobe Distiller, a software application
* Distillers Company, a former Scotch whisky and pharmaceutical company
* The Distillers, an Australian-American punk rock band
** The Distillers (EP), 1999
** The Distillers (album), 2000
# National Monuments Council

National Monuments Council may refer to:
* National Monuments Council (Chile)
* National Monuments Council (South Africa and Namibia)
# Ronald McKinnon (economist)

Ronald Ian McKinnon (10 July 1935 – 1 October 2014) was an applied economist. His primary interests were international economics and economic development, with strong secondary interests in transitional economies and fiscal federalism. Understanding financial institutions in general, and monetary institutions in particular, was central to his teaching and research, with interests ranging from the proper regulation of banks and financial markets in poorer countries to the historical evolution of global and regional monetary systems in the context of the world dollar standard.
He had been a professor of economics at the Stanford University since 1961. In particular, he researched international trade and finance, economic development, monetary theory and policy; money and banking.
McKinnon is best known for developing the theory of "Financial repression" in 1973, working alongside his colleague Edward Shaw.

## Publications (incomplete)

* Ronald McKinnon (May 2014). China’s Currency Conundrum. SIEPR Policy Brief.
* Ronald McKinnon (Apr 2014). The Unloved World Dollar Standard: Greenspan-Bernanke *Bubbles in the Global Economy. SCID. SCID Working Paper 497.
* Ronald McKinnon and Gunther Schnabl (Feb 2014). China’s Exchange Rate and Financial Repression: The Conflicted Emergence of the Renminbi as an International Currency. SCID. SCID Working Paper 493.
* Ronald McKinnon (Oct 2013). Tapering Without Tears. SIEPR Policy Brief.

## Books

* Money and Capital in Economic Development. Brookings, 1973.
* Money in International Exchange: The Convertible-Currency System. Oxford Univ. Press, 1979.
* An International Standard for Monetary Stabilization. Institute for International Economics, 1984.
* The Order of Economic Liberalization: Financial Control in the Transition to a Market Economy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991; second edition, 1993, (Romanian, Chinese, and Arabic translations, 1997)
* The Rules of the Game: International Money and Exchange Rates. MIT Press, 1996.
* Dollar and Yen: Resolving Economic Conflict Between the United States and Japan (with Kenichi Ohno). MIT University Press, 1997, (Japanese translation, 1998; Chinese, 1999.)
* Exchange Rates under the East Asian Dollar Standard: Living with Conflicted Virtue. MIT Press 2005. (Chinese Translation, CFPH 2006.)
* The Unloved Dollar Standard: From Bretton Woods to the Rise of China. Oxford University Press, 2013
# 1894 in Iceland

Events in the year 1894 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian IX
* Minister for Iceland: Johannes Nellemann

## Events

* Hið íslenska kvenfélag is founded in Reykjavík.
* Serfdom (Vistarband) is abolished in Iceland.
* Auðkúlukirkja is constructed at the Svínavatn lake, North Iceland.
# Joseph C. Foster

Joseph C. Foster (January 31, 1804 – April 9, 1877) was a Scottish-born American stage manager and playwright.
Foster was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and came to America in the 1830s, a clown with Cooke's Circus, appearing in productions such as Mazeppa. He also appeared with circuses in other American cities.
In 1840, William Evans Burton leased the new National Theatre in Philadelphia, and Foster assisted in the stage production of a drama called The Naiad Queen (with Charlotte Cushman playing the queen) arranging the scenes and special effects. The National Theatre also produced a number of Foster's own creations, including two where he played the role of Napoleon. In 1841, he moved to the Walnut Street Theatre. He later managed other Philadelphia theatres, as well as New York theatres including the Chatham Theatre.
Foster's Seven Dwarfs played the Bowery Theatre in New York to success in 1869. In 1870, his Twelve Temptations, which was created in the vein of The Black Crook with a story from the Walpurgis Night legend, ran for over 150 performances at the Grand Opera House.
Foster died in New York in April 1877.
# Knoxville Township, Ray County, Missouri

Knoxville Township is an inactive township in Ray County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

## History

Knoxville Township was founded in 1841, taking its name from the town of Knoxville.
# Kazaz

Kazaz is a collection of villages and small towns that are in a short distance from Arak, Iran.
* This Markazi province location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sal Messina

Salvatore "Red Light" Messina (born March 19, 1939) is an American sportscaster who was a color commentator for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award in 2005 and is a member of the media section of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He also had a brief amateur hockey career in the Eastern Hockey League as a goaltender.
# National Monuments of Zimbabwe

The National Monuments of Zimbabwe are protected and promoted in accordance with the National Museums and Monuments Act 1972. This law replaced the colonial-era Monuments and Relics Act 1936, which in turn replaced the 1902 Ancient Monuments Protection Ordinance and 1912 Bushmen Relics Ordinance. The National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ) is the body responsible for maintaining the Archaeological Survey, the national inventory of monuments and sites. In April 2000 there were approximately 14,000 entries on the Archaeological Survey, of which 118 were National Monuments (including natural, cultural, and mixed sites). 79 National Monuments had been declared under the old system by 1954. By 1980, the register had grown to over 3,000 sites and 169 declared monuments.

## National Monuments

The National Monuments register includes the following sites:
| Site | Location | Date | Comments | Coordinates |
| Great Zimbabwe | Masvingo | 11-15th centuries | UNESCO World Heritage Site | 20°16′23″S 30°56′04″E﻿ / ﻿20.273063°S 30.934344°E﻿ / -20.273063; 30.934344 |
| Khami | Bulawayo | 15-17th centuries | UNESCO World Heritage Site | 20°09′30″S 28°22′36″E﻿ / ﻿20.15833°S 28.37667°E﻿ / -20.15833; 28.37667 |
| Domboshawa Cave | Domboshawa | | Ancient rock art | 17°36′S 31°08′E﻿ / ﻿17.600°S 31.133°E﻿ / -17.600; 31.133 |
| Ziwa | Nyanga | 17-18th centuries | UNESCO Tentative List | 18°08′S 32°38′E﻿ / ﻿18.133°S 32.633°E﻿ / -18.133; 32.633 |
| National Heroes' Acre | Harare | 1981 | | |
| Mashonaland West Provincial Heroes' Acre | Mashonaland West | | Site of the Battle of Sinoia | 17°21′25″S 30°16′26″E﻿ / ﻿17.357°S 30.274°E﻿ / -17.357; 30.274 |
| Matobo Rock Art Sites | Matobo National Park | | UNESCO World Heritage Site | 20°33′00″S 28°30′29″E﻿ / ﻿20.55000°S 28.50806°E﻿ / -20.55000; 28.50806 |
| Tsindi | | | | |
| Harleigh Farm | | | | |
| Diana's Vow | | | | |
| Chamavara | | | | |
| Zinjanja | | | | |
| Majiri | | | | |
| Alter site | | | | |
| Kagumbudzi | | | | |
| Matendera | | | | |
| Jumbo Mine | | | | |
| Dambarare | | | | |
| Fort Makaha | | | | |
| Tohwechipi's Grave | | | | |
| Statue of Mbuya Nehanda | Harare | 25 May 2021 | Monument | |
# Ochyrotica salomonica

Ochyrotica salomonica is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
# 1894 in Canadian football
## Canadian football news in 1894
### Final regular season standings

Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points
Quebec Rugby Football Union :
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| Ottawa College | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 33 | 8 |
| Montreal Football Club | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 38 | 6 |
| McGill University | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 46 | 4 |
| Britannia Football Club | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 42 | 78 | 2 |
| Ottawa City Football Club | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 22 | 80 | 0 |
Manitoba Rugby Football Union :
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| Winnipeg Rugby Football Club | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 31 | 6 |
| St.John's Rugby Football Club | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 31 | 42 | 0 |
*Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs

## League Champions

| Football Union | League Champion |
| ORFU | Queen's University |
| QRFU | Ottawa College |
| MRFU | Winnipeg Rugby Football Club |
| Northwest Championship | Regina NWMP |

## Playoffs
### QRFU Final

QRFU Final Game 1 :
| Ottawa College 14 | Montreal Football Club 11 |
| Ottawa College advance to the 1894 Dominion Championship ||||

### ORFU Semi-Finals

ORFU Dominion Semi-Final 1 :
| Hamilton Tigers 22 | Osgoode Hall 1 |
| Hamilton Tigers advance to the ORFU Championship ||||
ORFU Semi-Final 2 :
| Queen's University | Royal Military College |
| Queen's University wins by forfeit and advances to the ORFU Championship ||||

### ORFU Final

ORFU Final :
| Queen's University 19 | Hamilton Tigers 10 |
| Queen's University advance to the 1894 Dominion Championship ||||

## Dominion Championship

November 17
1894 Dominion Championship Game: Rosedale Field - Toronto, Ontario :
| Ottawa College 8 | Queen's University 7 |
| Ottawa College are the 1894 Dominion Champions ||||
# 1973–74 Romanian Hockey League season

The 1973–74 Romanian Hockey League season was the 44th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Eight teams participated in the league, and Steaua Bucuresti won the championship.

## First round

| Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| Steaua Bucuresti | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 121 | 13 | 27 |
| Dinamo Bucuresti | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 159 | 28 | 25 |
| SC Miercurea Ciuc | 14 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 65 | 52 | 18 |
| Dunarea Galati | 14 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 55 | 52 | 13 |
| Agronomia Cluj | 14 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 52 | 81 | 13 |
| IPGG Bucuresti | 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 41 | 90 | 8 |
| Tarnava Odorheiu Secuiesc | 14 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 44 | 134 | 5 |
| Liceul Miercurea Ciuc | 14 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 34 | 121 | 3 |

## Final round

| Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| Steaua Bucuresti | 18 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 99 | 32 | 30 |
| Dinamo Bucuresti | 18 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 123 | 45 | 30 |
| SC Miercurea Ciuc | 18 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 56 | 126 | 8 |
| Dunarea Galati | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 46 | 121 | 4 |

## 5th-8th place

| Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| Agronomia Cluj | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 89 | 56 | 28 |
| IPGG Bucuresti | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 64 | 60 | 20 |
| Liceul Miercurea Ciuc | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 47 | 75 | 13 |
| Tarnava Odorheiu Secuiesc | 18 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 64 | 93 | 11 |