OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# In the Matter of S---

In the Matter of S---, 1 I. & N. Dec. 309 (1942), is a United States Department of Justice, Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) decision holding that a white woman born in Canada married to a Canadian Indian and deemed a member of an Indian tribe under the Canadian Indian Act is an American Indian within the meaning of the Section 289 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), and as such is entitled to pass the borders of the United States without regard to the INA.

## Facts and procedural posture

Three plaintiffs appeared before a board of special inquiry held in Montreal, Canada, for admission for indefinite residence to the United States, and two other plaintiffs applied at the port of Oroville, Wash., and another two in Van Buren, Me., for admission for indefinite residence. All claimed the right of entry to the United States without documents as an Indian, and each one of them was of white blood but made claim to Indian status under the provisions of the Canadian Indian Act and therefore the right to pass under the Act. The respective boards of special inquiry denied their claims to Indian status and excluded them on the grounds above stated by reason of their lack of passports and visas.

## Holding

The BIA overturned the lower tribunals. The Board noted that the Jay Treaty and the Treaty of Ghent put emphasis upon the terms "tribes or nations of Indians". Thus from the historical point of view it is tribal affiliation that determines Indian status, although the statute explicitly rejected affiliation by adoption. The court reasoned that the adoption exception was subject to application of the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius or in this instance, exclusio unius est expressio alterius. The adoption exception is thus read to mean that a tribal status may be acquired by marriage, which is harmonious with the historical emphasis upon tribal affiliation.
The Board did not feel there was any harm in using Canadian legislation to interpret the meaning of the relevant U.S. legislation:
   Is there violence to legal precept in using the definition found in the Canadian Indian Act, that is, foreign legislation, as the guide to statutory construction? In this case we believe not. Here we are dealing with Canadian American Indians in an effort to preserve to them their ancient tribal rights. The Canadian Indian Act is a comprehensive definition of tribal governance. We note its comprehensiveness and assume that it is acceptable to the Indians as a recognition of their tribal customs and way of life.
# Makhanya

Makhanya is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Sibusisiwe Violet Makhanya (1894–1971), first black South African social worker
* Joseph Makhanya (born 1981), South African footballer
* Leonard Makhanya (born 1964), Swazi boxer
* Mapaseka Makhanya (born 1985), South African middle and long-distance runner
* Mondli Makhanya, South African journalist
* Sibonelo Makhanya (born 1996), South African cricketer
# Taylor Spencer

Daniel Taylor Spencer (died October 1874) was a pioneer and businessman that settled in present-day Ruggs, Oregon and Heppner, Oregon.

## Biography

In 1872, Spencer (variant Spenser) established a store at the site of the present Rhea creek bridge in Ruggs on the Heppner-Hardman road. Spencer's decision to open a store at the location reportedly almost influenced Henry Heppner and Colonel (Col.) Jackson Lee Morrow to open a store there, too. However, Heppner and Morrow decided to open their store on Willow Creek north of Ruggs in present-day Heppner in 1873. Spencer moved his store to Heppner in the summer of 1873, creating the second store in Heppner and contributing to what would become a growing trading post in eastern Oregon. Spencer reportedly died in October 1874 leaving behind a widow and his store.
# Improvement District No. 25

Improvement District No. 25, or Improvement District No. 25 (Willmore Wilderness), is an improvement district in Alberta, Canada. Coextensive with Willmore Wilderness Park in central Alberta, the improvement district provides local governance for lands within the park.

## History

Prior to 1994, those lands within Improvement District (ID) No. 25 were split between ID No. 14 and ID No. 16. Those lands within Willmore Wilderness Park were incorporated as ID No. 25 on January 2, 1994.

## Geography
### Communities

There are no urban municipalities, hamlets, or urban service areas within Improvement District No. 25.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Improvement District No. 25 had a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings, no change from its 2016 population of 0. With a land area of 4,601.52 km$^2$ (1,776.66 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.0/km$^2$ (0.0/sq mi) in 2021.
Improvement District No. 25 was unpopulated and had no private dwellings according to the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada. It had a land area of 4,605.63 square kilometres (1,778.2 sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

Improvement District No. 25 is governed by Alberta's Minister of Municipal Affairs.
# Malthomyces

Malthomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae.
# Malcolm Root

Malcolm Root FGRA (born 1950) is a British artist who concentrates on classic transport subjects.
# Taylorconcha

Taylorconcha is a genus of small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Taylorconcha include:
* Bliss Rapids snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola
# The Outcasts (Star Trek: The Role Playing Game)

The Outcasts is an adventure published by FASA in 1985 for the science fiction role-playing game Star Trek: The Role Playing Game, which is itself based on the TV series Star Trek.

## Plot summary

The Outcasts is an espionage mission where the player characters try to turn a renegade Romulan into a spy for Federation Intelligence.

## Publication history

The Outcasts was written by Guy W. McLimore, Jr., and was published by FASA in 1985 as a 48-page book with a cardstock card. The cover art is by David Deitrick, from his original artwork, a 16" x 24" hotpress watercolor board with a watercolor underpainting overlaid with airbrush and then acrylic brushwork.

## Reception

In the February 1986 edition of White Dwarf (Issue #74), John Grandidge was very pleased with this adventure, writing, "At long last, FASA have released something that lives up to the high standard of the Star Trek main rules." Grandidge thought the adventure was flexible enough to work "equally well for Star Fleet officers and civilian adventurers, and there are notes in the text covering changes for the latter where needed." He noted that three of the fifteen scenes "contain combat and these punctuate nicely the shady dealings and detective work that make up the bulk of the playing time." He didn't like the suggested "Signpost Encounters" designed to help the gamemaster stay on the plot, calling them "rather heavy-handed," although he indicated that these could be reworked into "good little scenes in themselves." He concluded by giving the book a perfect overall rating of 10 out of 10, saying, "For the remarkably high overall marks below I have chosen to ignore the ridiculous prices of these adventures in order to emphasise the quality of the plots; the touch of melodrama in Outcasts" is "perfectly faithful to the essence of Star Trek."
# The Pimp & da Gangsta

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Pimp & da Gangsta is the second studio album by rap group Dirty, and their first released through a major label. It was released on February 27, 2001 through Universal Records and was produced by the members of group. The album peaked at #88 on the Billboard 200 and #19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.
# Jargari

Jargari is a small village near Khanna, Punjab, in northwest India. It comes under Tehsil Payal Dist. Ludhiana.

## Gurudwara Sahib

A gurudwara (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, gurduārā or ਗੁਰਦਵਾਰਾ, gurdwārā; sometimes transliterated from Punjabi as gurdwara), meaning "the doorway to the guru", is a place of worship for Sikhs. A gurudwara is also referred to as a "Sikh temple".

## Jargari Pind

* Motor
* Jargari Khett
* Borr
* Sanjhi
* Old Ford 3610 tractor
* Old Style Irrigation System
* ਠੇਕਾ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇਸੀ ਤੇ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ

## Nearby villages

Below is the list of nearest villages:
* Jandali
* Nasrali
* Dhamot Kalan
* Aslapur
* Khakhon
* Ishanpur
* Jallan
* Taunsa
* Karaundia
* Rohnon Khurd
* Chima
* Dahmot Khurd
* Ghurani Khurd
* Rauni
* Isaru Kalan
* Jallajan
* Diwa Mander
* Diwa Khosa
* Lasara
* Nizampur
* Lasara Pallewal
* Aluna Palla
* Ghadewal
* Khakhun
* Panjrukha
* Fatehpur
* Aluna Miana
* Sihaura
30°38′N 76°03′E﻿ / ﻿30.633°N 76.050°E﻿ / 30.633; 76.050
# Peace Race Juniors

The Peace Race Juniors, officially known as the Course de la Paix Juniors, is a junior (ages 17-18) multi-day cycling race held annually in the Czech Republic. It is part of the UCI Junior Nations' Cup, and is the junior version of the Peace Race, which was contested between 1948 and 2006.

## Winners

Source:
| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 1965 | Fritz Germin | | |
| 1966 | Petr Hladík | | |
| 1967-1973 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1974 | Vladimir Chapovalov | | |
| 1975 | Ivan Romanov | | |
| 1976 | Jiří Korous | | |
| 1977 | Alessandro Paganessi | | |
| 1978 | Falk Boden | | |
| 1979 | Alberto Molinari | | |
| 1980 | Vladimír Kozárek | | |
| 1981 | Berndt Pfister | | |
| 1982 | Christian Jager | | |
| 1983 | Roman Kreuziger | | |
| 1984 | Ondřej Glajza | | |
| 1985 | Leonid Lebedëv | | |
| 1986 | Miroslav Lipták | | |
| 1987 | Luboš Pekárek | | |
| 1988 | František Trkal | | |
| 1989 | Petr Cirkl | | |
| 1990 | Danilo Klaar | | |
| 1991 | Jiří Pospíšil | | |
| 1992 | Petr Herman | | |
| 1993 | Janek Ermal | | |
| 1994 | Dmitri Parfimovitch | | |
| 1995 | Denis Menchov | | |
| 1996 | Denis Bondarenko | | |
| 1997 | Christian Werner | | |
| 1998 | Michal Moureček | | |
| 1999 | Fabian Cancellara | | |
| 2000 | Piotr Mazur | | |
| 2001 | Sven Krauss | | |
| 2002 | Peter Velits | Dmitry Kozontchuk | Igor Klak |
| 2003 | Peter Velits | Maxim Belkov | Zdeněk Štybar |
| 2004 | Roman Kreuziger | Simon Špilak | Anders Berendt Hansen |
| 2005 | Tanel Kangert | André Steensen | Rein Taaramäe |
| 2006 | Martin Hačecký | Róbert Gavenda | Jakob Kratochvíla |
| 2007 | Michał Kwiatkowski | Matthias Brändle | Fabian Schaar |
| 2008 | Michał Kwiatkowski | Peter Sagan | Eliot Lietaer |
| 2009 | Łukasz Wiśniowski | Nikias Arndt | Wilco Kelderman |
| 2010 | Evgeny Shalunov | Asbjørn Kragh Andersen | Petr Vakoč |
| 2011 | Magnus Cort Nielsen | Alexey Rybalkin | Olivier Le Gac |
| 2012 | Niklas Eg | Søren Kragh Andersen | Ildar Arslanov |
| 2013 | Mads Pedersen | Logan Owen | Mathieu van der Poel |
| 2014 | Magnus Bak Klaris | Rayane Bouhanni | William Barta |
| 2015 | Brandon McNulty | Adrien Costa | Nikolai Ilichev |
| 2016 | Christopher Blevins | Evgenii Kazanov | Jaka Primožič |
| 2017 | Idar Andersen | Andreas Leknessund | Andrea Bagioli |
| 2018 | Remco Evenepoel | Mattias Skjelmose Jensen | Ludvig Aasheim |
| 2019 | Hugo Toumire | Maurice Ballerstedt | Andrea Piccolo |
| 2020 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| 2021 | Per Strand Hagenes | Emil Herzog | Cian Uijtdebroeks |
| 2022 | Emil Herzog | António Morgado | Jørgen Nordhagen |
| 2023 | Jørgen Nordhagen | Andrew August | Senna Remijn |
| 2024 | Albert Philipsen | Senna Remijn | Pavel Šumpík |
# Malika Madi

Malika Madi (born 18 November 1967) is a Belgian novelist, living in La Louvière, Belgium.

## Early life and biography

Malika Madi was born in La Hestre, Hainaut province, Belgium. She is of Algerian descent. In Algeria, her father lived near Béjaïa, where he was a farmer and produced the olive oil. He emigrated to Belgium in 1960 to work as a miner.
The rest of Madi's family arrived in 1964, and she was born three years later. As a child, she discovered her passion for writing French. She wrote short stories before writing her first novel. When she finished her studies (she graduated in management), she married and had a child. In 2005 she published her first novel, Nuit d'encre pour Farah, which won the Best First work of the French Community of Belgium and named for the Prix des Lycéens (Belgium) in 2007.
Madi wrote a second book, "Les silences de Médéa" (Labor, 2007, Luc Pire 2006) which is currently being adapted to film. In 2008, she coauthored a book with Hassan Bousetta which addresses the issue of racism and prejudice, Je ne suis pas raciste mais...
She is still writing and runs youth writing workshops and lectures in libraries of the French Community. She has also visited school classes as part of the "Ecrivain en classe" project of the Service de la Promotion des Lettres.
Although there are similarities to the author, Nuit d'encre pour Farah is not autobiographical. Both Madi and the protagonist are of Algerian descent and enjoy reading.

## Nuit d'Encre pour Farah

The novel has a modern setting and describes an Algerian immigrant family in Belgium living in a small town. Farah, the protagonist, is the youngest of three children, all girls: Latifa, Lila, and Farah. Their parents try to teach the girls traditional roles, such as housework, sewing, and cooking. Latifa and Lila rebel and want more freedom. Farah avoids some of these obligations. Instead she reads and dreams of becoming a professor of literature. Latifa and Lila, upset with their situation, decide to run away. When their parents discover their intent, they prohibit Farah from taking an exam in French and instead require her to marry the man that Latifa was supposed to marry. She moves to Algeria with him.
One of the most discussed aspects of the novel is Farah's passivity on learning she was to marry. She did not get angry, perhaps because she was stunned by the sudden decision of her parents. On moving to Algeria, she loses all joy in life. This has been described as a commentary on Muslim women and cultural traditions. The author stresses this is not religion but tradition.

## Les silences de Médéa

The protagonist of Les silences de Médéa is a French teacher named Zohra. She works in a part of Algeria which has a great deal of Islamic extremism. She is gang raped at night, and flees to her native Paris. However through the strength of her step-daughter, a social worker named Hanna, Zohra returns to face her past.
# Te Moana O Raukawa Māori

Te Moana O Raukawa Māori (Cook Strait Māori) and Te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui Māori (lower North Island Māori) are a Māori iwi from Manawatu, Horowhenua, Kāpiti Coast and Wellington. They include the iwi (tribes) of Rangitāne, Muaūpoko, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Toa, Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai, Te Āti Awa and Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika.
Rangitāne, Ngāti Toa, and Taranaki (including Te Āti Awa) also have tribal lands in the South Island.
# Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kullu

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kullu or locally known as JNV Bandrol is a boarding, co-educational school in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh state in India. Navodaya Vidyalayas are funded by the Indian Ministry of Human Resources Development and administered by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, an autonomous body under the ministry.

## History

The school was established in 1991, and is a part of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya schools. The school shifted to permanent campus in August 2007, located at Bandrol, Kullu. This school is administered and monitored by Chandigarh regional office of Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti.

## Admission

Admission to JNV Kullu at class VI level is made through selection test conducted by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti. The information about test is disseminated and advertised in the district by the office of Kullu district magistrate (Collector), who is also chairperson of Vidyalya Management Committee.

## Affiliations

JNV Kullu is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education with affiliation number 640012, following the curriculum prescribed by CBSE.
# Pearl and the Puppets

Pearl and the Puppets was a band from Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire in Scotland. The band comprised singer-songwriter Katie Sutherland (vocals/guitar), Blair McMillan (drums), Gordon Turner (guitar), Scott Clark (bass) and Michael Abubakar (keyboard).
Sutherland's voice has been described as being similar to that of Regina Spektor and Dolores O'Riordan.

## Musical career

Pearl and the Puppets were signed to the Universal Republic record label and headlined the Solus Tent at the Wickerman Festival, in Scotland.

### Appearances

Pearl and the Puppets supported Elton John at Glasgow's SECC on 10 June 2009. In the run-up to the appearance, on Friday 5 June 2009 Pearl appeared on STV's The Hour show promoting her upcoming gigs.
On 31 December 2009, Pearl and the Puppets played on BBC One Scotland's Hogmanay Live and went on to perform on the main stage at RockNess in Inverness-shire in June 2010 as well as a number of other summer festivals.
On 23 August 2010 they supported The Hoosiers at the HMV Picture House in Edinburgh.
They appeared at the SECC, Glasgow, on 19 November 2010 as part of the Children in Need appeal.
On 2 December 2011, Katie Sutherland announced that she will no longer release music under the Pearl & The Puppets name, but under her own name.

### Featured songs

In 2008, the band's song "Because I Do" was featured on a Vodafone advertisement in Australia and New Zealand
Their song "Make Me Smile" was featured in a Victoria's Secret advertisement in the US and an Orange advertisement in Romania in March 2010.
# Jarvis, Texas

Jarvis is a ghost town in Anderson County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a part of the Palestine, Texas micropolitan area. Although it is considered a ghost town by the Handbook of Texas, the Geographic Names Information System classifies it as an unincorporated community.

## History

An unsuccessful oil-drilling operation occurred in the area in 1909. In the 1930s, the community had a few homes, two churches, and only one operating business. Then the 1982 county highway map showed a few scattered houses in Jarvis, while a church named Fields Chapel was located a half mile north of the area along U.S. Highway 84. The community has never been listed on county highway maps since 1985, but the church was still in operation.

## Geography

Jarvis stood along the Texas State Railroad at the junction of two county roads and just south of U.S. Highway 84, about 10 mi (16 km) east of Palestine in the southeastern portion of Anderson County.
# Malta at the 2010 European Athletics Championships

Malta was represented by 2 athletes at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain.

## Participants

| Event | Men | Women |
| 100 m | Mario Bonello | |
| Long Jump | | Rebecca Camilleri |

## Results

| 2010 Barcelona | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Malta (MLT) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Tarski's theorem about choice

In mathematics, Tarski's theorem, proved by Alfred Tarski (1924), states that in ZF the theorem "For every infinite set $A$, there is a bijective map between the sets $A$ and $A\times A$" implies the axiom of choice. The opposite direction was already known, thus the theorem and axiom of choice are equivalent.
Tarski told Jan Mycielski (2006) that when he tried to publish the theorem in Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Fréchet and Lebesgue refused to present it. Fréchet wrote that an implication between two well known propositions is not a new result. Lebesgue wrote that an implication between two false propositions is of no interest.

## Proof

The goal is to prove that the axiom of choice is implied by the statement "for every infinite set $A:$ $|A|=|A\times A|$". It is known that the well-ordering theorem is equivalent to the axiom of choice; thus it is enough to show that the statement implies that for every set $B$ there exists a well-order.
Since the collection of all ordinals such that there exists a surjective function from $B$ to the ordinal is a set, there exists an infinite ordinal, $\beta ,$ such that there is no surjective function from $B$ to $\beta .$ We assume without loss of generality that the sets $B$ and $\beta$ are disjoint. By the initial assumption, $|B\cup \beta |=|(B\cup \beta )\times (B\cup \beta )|,$ thus there exists a bijection $f:B\cup \beta \to (B\cup \beta )\times (B\cup \beta ).$
For every $x\in B,$ it is impossible that $\beta \times \{x\}\subseteq f[B],$ because otherwise we could define a surjective function from $B$ to $\beta .$ Therefore, there exists at least one ordinal $\gamma \in \beta$ such that $f(\gamma )\in \beta \times \{x\},$ so the set $S_{x}=\{\gamma :f(\gamma )\in \beta \times \{x\}\}$ is not empty.
We can define a new function: $g(x)=\min S_{x}.$ This function is well defined since $S_{x}$ is a non-empty set of ordinals, and so has a minimum. For every $x,y\in B,x\neq y$ the sets $S_{x}$ and $S_{y}$ are disjoint. Therefore, we can define a well order on $B,$ for every $x,y\in B$ we define $x\leq y\iff g(x)\leq g(y),$ since the image of $g,$ that is, $g[B]$ is a set of ordinals and therefore well ordered.
# Mamo

Mamo or woowoo is a common name for two species of extinct birds. Together with the extant ʻIʻiwi they make up the genus Drepanis. These nectarivorous finches were endemic to Hawaii but are now extinct.
The Hawaiian name may be related to the name of the ʻōʻō (Moho nobilis), a bird with a similar appearance. Another name for the mamo was ʻōʻō-nuku-umu, meaning "ʻōʻō with the sucking beak".
Two species are known.

## Hawaiʻi mamo

The Hawaiʻi mamo (Drepanis pacifica) was about 9 in (23 cm) in length. Its plumage was glossy black with yellow rumps and thigh feathers and a small yellow shoulder patch. The tail was black and there was a white basal primary patch and white shafts along the primaries. The bill was long, curved and black. Legs were dark gray or black
This was a shy species that lived in the forest canopy and fed on the nectar of Lobelia species that possess curved, tubular flowers. Its call was a long, plaintive whistle.
The bright golden-yellow feathers of the Hawaiʻi mamo were prized for the featherwork worn by the aliʻi (Hawaiian royalty). The famous yellow cloak of Kamehameha I is estimated to have taken the reigns of eight monarchs and the golden feathers of 80,000 Hawaiʻi mamos before it was completed.
The Hawaiʻi mamo was last seen in 1899 near Kaūmana by a collector, H. W. Henshaw, who, as mentioned by Tim Flannery in his book, A Gap In Nature, shot and wounded a bird he was stalking, before it escaped him with another bird.

## Black mamo

The black mamo (Drepanis funerea) was about 8 in (20 cm) in length and appeared similar to the Hawaiʻi mamo but was entirely black except for the white primary shafts on the wings. The bill was more sharply decurved than the former species and had a small yellowy spot near the base (on the operculum).
When the bird fed the forehead would often become covered in pollen, making the forehead appear pale. The species fed on nectar from the flowers of Lobelia species and ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) at lower levels than the Hawaiʻi mamo. The bird was apparently curious and would approach observers. Its call was a clear flute-like whistle and a five or six note rollicking whistle.
The black mamo was endemic to Molokaʻi and was last observed in 1907 by the collector Alanson Bryan, who had shot three birds. Tim Flannery quoted him as having written, "To my joy I found the mangled remains hanging in the tree in a thick bunch of leaves, six feet or more beyond where it had been sitting."