OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Perlman

Ralph R. Perlman (May 16, 1917 – May 24, 2013) was the state budget director in his adopted U.S. state of Louisiana, having served under four governors of both parties from 1967 until 1988. Thereafter, Perlman continued to hold other public service positions.
Perlman was born in New York City, the only son of a Jewish couple of European descent, Harry and Bessie Perlman. He received his undergraduate degree from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and a master's in business from Columbia University in New York City. During World War II, Perlman served with distinction in the European Theater as an artillery officer with the United States Army 63rd Infantry Division. While stationed at Camp Van Dorn in Mississippi, he met and subsequently married the former Carol Herzberg, who was also Jewish. The Perlmans established residence in Baton Rouge, where he was first engaged in business. Carol Perlman died of cancer in 1981; in 1984, Perlman remarried.
In 1964, Governor John McKeithen appointed Perlman as the executive assistant to the commissioner of administration, W. W. McDougall. In 1966, he briefly joined the staff of then-State Representative J. Bennett Johnston Jr., a Shreveport lawyer, who subsequently became a state senator in 1968 and a U.S. senator in 1972. In 1967, Governor McKeithen named Perlman as state budget director. In that capacity he developed the Office of State Group Benefits, which handles the medical claims of state employees and retirees. He also oversaw the state's $5 million investment in the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition held in New Orleans.
In 1988, Perlman became the special assistant for finance under Governors Buddy Roemer, Edwin Edwards, and Murphy J. Foster Jr. In 1997, Foster appointed Perlman secretary of the Louisiana Gaming Control Board, a position that he held for five years.
In 2002, then University of Louisiana System President Sally Clausen hired him as a special assistant. According to Clausen, whom Perlman considered his "goddaughter", Perlman "treated every budget as though it was coming out of his own pocket. ... If I was running the state, I'd want Ralph Perlman watching my dollars. ... In the first year [as executive assistant], he saved me a million dollars from minor stuff. He was a magician in common sense." Son Gerald Lee "Jerry" Perlman (born c. 1947) of Shreveport, Louisiana, described his father as "very detail-oriented, and he always had all the facts at his fingertips. He had a very retentive memory."
Perlman died in a Baton Rouge hospice at the age of ninety-six after a brief illness.
In 2011, Perlman was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.
# Talha Ahmet Erdem

Talha Ahmet Erdem is a Turkish world champion judoka with Down syndrome. He competes in the 81 kg division of T23 disability category.
# The Unmapped Lands

The Unmapped Land is a 1943 Australian verse drama play for radio by Elisabeth Lambert. It was entered in a verse drama competition and did not win but was purchased and produced by the ABC.
According to ABC Weekly the play "tells the story of three women who represent three points of view in the modern world, and the effect that a war has on them and on the people with whom they come in contact."
It was Lambert's first play for radio. She followed it with Storm's Abatement. This launched her writing career.
# 18 Melbury Road

18 Melbury Road is a large semi-detached house in the Holland Park district of Kensington and Chelsea, London W14, England, located just north of Kensington High Street. The house was built in Victorian times as a brick and stucco house with gas lighting by William Turner of Chelsea, London and originally sold on a 90-year lease.
The 1877 building is semi-detached with No 16. Both houses have three storeys with attic dormers and a tiled roof, built in brick with Flemish bond and painted cement. Attached to the rear outer corner of No 18 is a single-storey brick studio building.
The building is Grade II listed, along with the semi-detached and mirror-image 16 Melbury Road and a later attached studio building at 18A Melbury Road. It was the home and studio of the Pre-Raphaelite painter, William Holman Hunt, from 1903 until his death in 1910. Cetshwayo kaMpande (c.1826–1884), King of the Zulus, stayed here in 1882. Both Holman Hunt (in 1923) and Cetshwayo (in 2006) are recorded with blue plaques by English Heritage on the front of the building, one above the other.
In 1923, the MI6 British Secret Intelligence Service moved to 18 Melbury Road due to financial restrictions but moved back to Westminster within a year.
# San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science

San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the California Digital Library covering research about the science and resource management of the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, and the upstream watersheds. The journal was established in October 2003 and receives administrative and financial support from the John Muir Institute of the Environment (University of California, Davis) and the Delta Stewardship Council. The editor-in-chief is Samuel N. Luoma (University of California, Davis).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and The Zoological Record.
# Samuel Cromwell

Samuel Cromwell (died December 1, 1842) was a sailor and petty officer (boatswain's mate) aboard the brig USS Somers. Cromwell was feared by the young apprentices who made up the majority of the ship's crew, and was rumored to have served on a slaver at one time. These rumors lent credence to the idea that he would have been amenable to Philip Spencer's alleged plot to mutiny, kill the ship's officers and such of the crew as were not wanted and sail the Somers either as a pirate ship or a slaver.
On the homeward leg of a voyage to Liberia, Cromwell was put in irons a few days after Spencer and Elisha Small, another sailor rumored to have been part of a slave ship's crew. After a meeting of the officers concluded that a mutinous plot existed, all three men were hanged without a court-martial.
# Dove River (Canterbury)

The Dove River is a river in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. It rises near Mount Te Kooti and runs southward, draining the Big Island Hills to its west and the Tekoa Range to the east.
# Doug Ohlson

Douglas Dean Ohlson (November 18, 1936 – June 29, 2010) was an American abstract artist who specialized in geometric patterns.
Ohlson was born on November 18, 1936, in Cherokee, Iowa and attended Bethel College before serving in the United States Marine Corps. After completing his military service, he attended the University of Minnesota, where he was awarded a degree in studio art in 1961. He moved to New York City, where he studied at Hunter College under abstract sculptor Tony Smith, but dropped out when he could no longer afford tuition. He worked as an assistant to Smith and started teaching at Hunter College in 1964.
Ohlson's early work was included in an exhibit organized by art historian E. C. Goossen at the Hudson River Museum titled "8 Young Artists" in 1964, and had a solo show that year at the Fischbach Gallery, the first of seven at that location. Goossen also included work by Ohlson in the 1968 exhibition "The Art of the Real: 1948-1968" at the Museum of Modern Art which focused on the development and history of geometric art in the United States. Sharply defined and repeated geometric shapes were characteristic of his earliest painting, that were described by Goossen as depicting "yellowish pink and green dawns, blue noons, and red-orange sunsets that swiftly slide from purple to black", hypothesizing that Ohlson's experience growing up and working long days on the family's farm gave him a unique passion for color. Ohlson was recognized with a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1968.
His works in the 1970s and 1980s, often featured at Susan Caldwell Inc., had characteristically rougher backgrounds. His later work was displayed in numerous solo exhibitions at the Andre Zarre Gallery, in addition to surveys of his work at Bennington College and at Hunter College, where he taught for 35 years. His works are included in the collections of the Brooklyn Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art.
Ohlson died at age 73 on June 29, 2010, after a fall in front of his Manhattan apartment. He was survived by his second wife, Michele Toohey. He was divorced from his first wife, painter Jane Kaufman.
# Lanta, Benin

Lanta is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Klouékanmè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 9,129.
# Lasiopetalum schulzenii

Lasiopetalum schulzenii, commonly known as drooping velvet-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a shrub with heart-shaped leaves and small groups of hairy white and reddish-brown flowers.

## Description

Lasiopetalum schulzenii is a spreading, many-stemmed, densely foliaged shrub to 2 m (6.6 ft) in height and 2.5 m (8.2 ft) across. The grey-green foliage is covered in fine hair, which is particularly prominent on new growth. The leaves are heart-shaped (cordate), and measure 2–7 cm (1–3 in) long and 1.5–5 cm (0.59–1.97 in) wide with recurved margins. Flowering occurs from September to February, the cymes bearing from five to twelve five-pointed star-shaped flowers 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in diameter. The sepals are whitish, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long and densely covered with fine hair on the outside, less so or smooth on the inside. The five petals are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and dark red-brown. Flowering is followed by round hairy fruit 4 mm (0.16 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Drooping velvet-bush was first formally described in 1855 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Corethrostylis schulzenii in his book Definitions of rare or hitherto undescribed Australian plants, later published in the Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Victoria. In 1863, George Bentham changed the name to Lasiopetalum schulzenii in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet (schulzenii) honours the 19th century botanist Ludwig F. Schulzen.

## Distribution and habitat

Lasiopetalum schulzenii grows on clifftops and in woodland and heath in the south-east of South Australia, including on Kangaroo Island and near Port Campbell and Portland south-western Victoria, where it is rare. It grows on alkaline sands, and is associated with Eucalyptus diversifolia subsp. megacarpa.

## Use in horticulture

Lasiopetalum schulzenii has potential in horticulture, the compact foliage and flowering are features. It tolerates well-drained soils in sun or part-shaded aspect. It is frost hardy and can tolerate extended dry periods. Propagation is by seed or cutting. It has also been classified as somewhat fire retardant.
# Laskowiec

Laskowiec may refer to the following places:
* Laskowiec, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Laskowiec, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Laskowiec, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Laskowiec, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Laskowiec, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Douglas Mossman

Douglas Kinilau Mossman, also credited as Doug Mossman (April 7, 1933 – May 18, 2021) was an American actor known for his recurring role as Detective Frank Kamana on the original Hawaii Five-O from 1974 to 1976. In addition to playing the role of Kamana, Mossman played twelve additional characters during the series 12 year run (27 episodes). He also had a recurring role as police officer Moke on Hawaiian Eye (119 episodes), as well as appearing in other productions shot in Hawaii.

## Biography

Mossman was of Hawaiian ancestry and was a 1950 graduate of Kamehameha Schools. He served in the Hawaii Army National Guard for six years where he saw action in the Korean War and graduated from Officer's Candidate School as an infantry officer.
The G.I. Bill paid for his training at the Pasadena Playhouse College of Theater Arts where he graduated in 1958. Hawaiian Eye gave him his first TV role as Moke, a security guard. He also acted as a Hawaiian technical adviser with the show.
In addition to Frank Kamana, Mossman had numerous other roles during the run of Hawaii Five-O, though according to the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, he left the show to create the TV series West Wind, which ran for one season. He has also appeared in other Hawaii-based series: Magnum, P.I., Jake and the Fatman, One West Waikiki, and Hawaii in addition to The Jeffersons.
In addition to acting, Mossman was an entertainer and emcee for Chuck Machado's Luau at the Outrigger Waikiki from 1970 to 1990 and general manager of IMAX Theaters in Waikiki from 1991 to 1999. As of 2003, the Honolulu Star-Bulletin also reported that Mossman was looking for a sculptor and space to create a statue of Hawaii Five-O’s leading man Jack Lord in addition to developing a performing arts center in Mililani Mauka.
He also appeared in the rebooted Hawaii Five-0 in 2011, playing the role of Kimo Halama in the season two episode "Ki’ilua".

## Death

Mossman died in Ewa, Hawaii, on May 18, 2021, at the age of 88.

## Partial filmography

* I Sailed to Tahiti with an All Girl Crew (1968) - Island chief
* Inferno in Paradise (1974) - Lt. Hayden
# Lasmo

Lasmo plc was a British oil and gas exploration and production business. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

## History

The Company was founded in 1971 as London and Scottish Marine Oil (LASMO) to explore the North Sea. It struck oil in the Ninian Field in 1974 and was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1977. In the early 1990s it expanded its operations into Indonesia, Algeria and Pakistan. It bought Ultramar plc in 1991 in a hostile takeover battle.
It successfully fought off a hostile bid from Enterprise Oil in 1994. It expanded into Venezuela in 1997 paying $453m for an interest in the Dacion Field. In 1999 it acquired Monument Oil & Gas for £460m.
In 2001 it was acquired by Eni, who successfully outbid an initial offer from Amerada Hess.
# Lasnamäe Indoor Arena

Lasnamäe Indoor Arena is a multipurpose indoor arena at Lasnamäe, Tallinn, Estonia. It was built in 2003 and is one of the biggest indoor arenas in Estonia.
It hosts annually the athletics event Tallinn Indoor Meeting.

## Athletics records
### World records

| Year | Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality |
| 2011 | Heptathlon | 6568 | Ashton Eaton | United States |

### Stadium records

Updated 26 February 2022.

#### Men

| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date |
| 60 m | 6.63 | Karl Erik Nazarov | Estonia | 13.02.2021 |
| 200 m | 21.09 | Marek Niit | Estonia | 23.01.2007 |
| 300 m | 33.40 (NR) | Lukas Lessel | Estonia | 30.01.2022 |
| 400 m | 47.32 | Tony Nõu | Estonia | 17.02.2018 |
| 600 m | 1:21.88 | Kristjan Kangur | Estonia | 16.02.2010 |
| 800 m | 1:48.51 | Dmitrijs Miļkevičs | Latvia | 23.01.2008 |
| 1000 m | 2:29.40 | Jānis Razgalis | Latvia | 11.02.2016 |
| 1500 m | 3:43.29 | James Kangogo Kelwon | Kenya | 19.02.2011 |
| 2000 m | 5:30.15 | Taivo Püi | Estonia | 16.02.2010 |
| 3000 m | 8:18.32 | Nikolai Vedehin | Estonia | 17.02.2013 |
| 60 m hurdles | 7.60 | Ashton Eaton | United States | 06.02.2011 |
| High jump | 2.31 m | Naoto Tobe | Japan | 23.02.2020 |
| Pole vault | 5.43 m | Eelco Sintnicolaas | Netherlands | 04.02.2012 |
| Long jump | 7.92 m | Hans-Christian Hausenberg | Estonia | 05.02.2022 |
| Triple jump | 16.65 m | Yuri Kovalev | Russia | 24.01.2012 |
| Shot put | 19.91 m | Māris Urtāns | Latvia | 20.01.2010 |
| Heptathlon | 6568 pts (WR) | Ashton Eaton | United States | 06.02.2011 |
| 5000 m walk | 21:36.73 | Lauri Lelumees | Estonia | 13.02.2011 |
| 4x200 m relay | 1:25.52 | Estonian team | Estonia | 19.02.2005 |

#### Women

| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date |
| 60 m | 7.29 (NR) | Ksenija Balta | Estonia | 27.02.2016 |
| 200 m | 23.65 | Patricia Hall | Jamaica | 24.01.2012 |
| 300 m | 37.46 (NR) | Marielle Kleemeier | Estonia | 30.01.2022 |
| 400 m | 53.33 | Marielle Kleemeier | Estonia | 26.02.2022 |
| 600 m | 1:36.82 | Kersti Miller | Estonia | 05.01.2008 |
| 800 m | 2:03.02 | Līga Velvere | Latvia | 18.02.2018 |
| 1500 m | 4:23.02 | Maile Mangusson | Estonia | 14.02.2004 |
| 3000 m | 9:31.14 | Jekaterina Patjuk | Estonia | 13.02.2011 |
| 60 m hurdles | 8.12 | Olena Krasovska | Ukraine | 04.02.2009 |
| High jump | 1.93 m | Anna Iljuštšenko | Estonia | 04.02.2009 |
| Pole vault | 4.30 m | Reena Koll | Estonia | 31.01.2016 |
| Long jump | 6.73 m | Ksenija Balta | Estonia | 19.02.2011 |
| Triple jump | 14.20 m | Kaire Leibak | Estonia | 04.02.2009 |
| Shot put | 16.77 m | Kätlin Piirimäe | Estonia | 27.02.2016 |
| Pentathlon | 4549 pts | Aleksandra Putvina | Russia | 08.02.2014 |
| 3000 m walk | 13:20.32 (NR) | Jekaterina Mirotvortseva | Estonia | 15.02.2020 |
# Lasn

Lasn is an Estonian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juhan Lasn (1861–1930), Estonian politician
* Kalle Lasn (born 1942), Estonian-Canadian film maker, author, magazine editor, and activist
# Doughnut Falls

Doughnut Falls is a waterfall in the Big Cottonwood Canyon near Silver Fork, south of Midvale in Salt Lake County, Utah. Access to Chocolate Falls is from the Mill D Trailhead towards the Jordan Pines picnic area. The waterfall plunges into a pothole that has access under the arch of rock with a view up at the falls falling into the pool.

## Trail

The Doughnut Falls trail is one of the shortest waterfall trails in northern Utah. In the winter, you need to take an alternative path to reach the often frozen waterfall, which can take up to 3.5 miles round trip, but in Summer the hike is about 1.5 miles long round trip, if you can find a parking spot. After hiking, you will need to climb up a waterfall to reach the Doughnut Falls cave.
# Sanbokan

Sanbokan (Citrus sulcata Takahashi, ja:さんぼうかん or 'Sanbokan', ) is a Japanese citrus fruit of the Wakayama prefecture similar to a mandarin orange, easily distinguished by its pronounced basal nipple.
Parentage is unknown. Fruit is moderately juicy and of a good flavor. 'Sanbokan' is late ripening. Its juice is a blend of sweet orange and grapefruit, also it has thick peel.

## Medicinal

Researchers at the Yuanpei University said that they have evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the 'sanbokan' extracts.
# Dragna

Dragna is an Italian surname and may refer to:
* Jack Dragna (1891–1956), Los Angeles crime family mobster
* Louis Tom Dragna (1920–2012), Los Angeles mobster and Jack's nephew
* Tom Dragna (1889–1977), Los Angeles mobster, father of Louis, brother of Jack
# Latobrigi

The Latobrigi (or Latovici) were a Celtic tribe mentioned in Julius Caesar's Commentarii. According to Caesar, 14,000 Latobrigi joined the Helvetii in their attempted migration to southwestern France in 58 BC, together with several larger contingents from other tribes. After the defeat at Bibracte, they were ordered to return to their homes and are not mentioned again in the Commentarii.
Due to the lack of sources, their localisation remains largely speculative, though an area close to the Helvetian territory is usually assumed. It has been suggested that they may be attested in an inscription from Brigantia-Bregenz, Austria, or that Juliomagus-Schleitheim might have been their tribal centre. They are normally not identified with the Pannonian tribe of a similar name, the Latobici.
# Latobius

Latobius was a sky and mountain Celtic god worshipped by the people of Noricum (modern Austria and Slovenia). During ancient Roman times he was equated with aspects of Jupiter and Mars. Votive inscriptions for Mars Latobius are typically found on mountain tops (e.g., on the highest peak of the Koralpe mountain range, between the Lavant and Mur valleys) and on passes in former Noricum.

## Etymology

Xavier Delamarre proposed to derive the theonym Latobios from an earlier *Lātu-biyo- ('Furious Striker'), composed of the root lāto- ('furor, ardour'; cf. OIr. láth, Welsh lawd) attached to *biyo- ('strike'; cf. OIr. fu-bae 'harming').
# Drametse Ngacham

The Drametse Ngacham (meaning "mask dance of the drums from Drametse", nga means "drum" and cham means "mask dance") is a sacred dance performed in the village of Drametse in eastern Bhutan. It is performed twice a year during the Drametse festival, which occurs on the fifth and tenth months of the Bhutanese calendar. The festival is organized by the Ogyen Tegchok Namdroel Choeling Monastery to honor Padmasambhava, an 8th-century Buddhist master.
A performance of the dance features sixteen masked male dancers and ten musicians. The dancers wear monastic robes and wooden masks with features of animals, both real and mythical. The musicians play "cymbals, trumpets and drums, including the bang nga, a large cylindrical drum, the lag nga, a small hand-held circular flat drum, and the nga chen, a drum beaten with a bent drumstick." They first perform a prayer dance in the soeldep cham, the main shrine, before appearing one by one in the courtyard of the monastery. The dance has two parts: a calm, contemplative part to represent the peaceful deities, and a rapid, athletic part for the wrathful ones.
Performances of the dance have been conducted for almost five centuries. In the late nineteenth century, the dance started spreading to other parts of Bhutan. Today, it is approaching to be something of a national dance for the country, representing the identity of the Bhutanese nation.
The dance was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2008, though it was originally proclaimed in 2005. The original proclamation notes "the number of practitioners is dwindling due to the lack of rehearsal time, the absence of a systematic mechanism to train and honour the dancers and musicians and the gradual decrease in interest among young people."
The Institute of Language and Culture Studies at the Royal University of Bhutan coordinated and implemented a project to preserve and promote the dance. The project was funded by the Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, through UNESCO. It involved strengthening the training capacities of the monastery, compiling existing documentation, recording videos of the dance, researching its history, and promotional activities. A result of the project was a book about the dance written in English and Dzongkha and an accompanying film.
# Dramitse

Dramitse (also Dametsi or Drametse) is a town in Drametse Gewog in the east part of Mongar District, Eastern Bhutan. At the 2005 census, its population was 541. It is situated on a hill opposite the town of Trashigang.
The town is the location of Dramitse Monastery, which is the home of the Drametse Ngacham or "Drum Dance" originated by Lama Kunga Gyaltsen, and the seat in Bhutan of Peling Sungtrul, who is revered as the speech incarnation of Pema Lingpa.
# Lauryl tryptose broth

Lauryl tryptose broth (LTB) is a selective growth medium (broth) for coliforms.
Lauryl tryptose broth is used for the most probable number test of coliforms in waters, effluent or sewage. It acts as a confirmation test for lactose fermentation with gas production. Sodium lauryl sulfate inhibits organisms other than coliforms.
Formula in grams/litre (g/L)
    Tryptose: 20.0,
    Lactose : 5.0,
    Sodium chloride : 5.0,
    Dipotassium phosphate : 2.75,
    Potassium dihydrogen phosphate : 2.75,
    Sodium dodecyl sulfate : 0.1
    pH 6.8 ± 0.2
Samples positive for gas production are transferred to brilliant green lactose bile broth (BLGB) to detect the ability to grow in the presence of bile and produce gas at 95 °F (35 °C) for 48 hours. The absence of gas production in 48 hours is considered a negative test for coliforms. Gas production serves as both a presumptive test and a confirmatory medium.
Fecal coliforms are distinguished from coliforms by growth in EC broth at 113.9 °F (45.5 °C) for 24 hours.