OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Serichonus

Serichonus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rhamnaceae. The only species is Serichonus gracilipes.
# 1779 in science

The year 1779 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* March 23 – Edward Pigott discovers the Black Eye Galaxy (M64).
* May 5 – The spiral galaxy M61 is discovered in the constellation Virgo by Barnabus Oriani.

## Exploration

* Horace-Bénédict de Saussure begins publication of Voyages dans les Alpes.

## Mathematics

* Étienne Bézout publishes Théorie générale des équations algébriques in Paris, containing original work on elimination theory.

## Physics

* Jean-Paul Marat publishes Découvertes de M. Marat sur le feu, l'électricité et la lumière (Discoveries of Mr Marat on Fire, Electricity and Light).

## Technology

* January 8 – Bryan Higgins is granted a British patent for hydraulic cement (stucco) for use as an exterior plaster.
* May – Boulton and Watt's Smethwick Engine is brought into service for pumping on the Birmingham Canal Navigations; two centuries later it will become the oldest working steam engine in the world.
* James Pickard first applies a crank and flywheel to a Newcomen atmospheric engine to produce circular motion.
* The Iron Bridge is erected across the River Severn in Shropshire, England; the first all-cast-iron bridge ever built. It will open to traffic on January 1, 1781.
* The spinning mule is perfected by the Lancashire inventor Samuel Crompton.
* The British Royal Navy adopts the carronade.
* The Girandoni Air Rifle is designed in Austria.

## Births

* January 5 – General Zebulon Pike, American explorer (died 1813)
* May 1 – Alexander Morison, Scottish physician and psychiatrist (died 1866)
* August 7
** Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (died 1848)
** Louis de Freycinet, French explorer of coastal regions of Western Australia (died 1842)

## Deaths

* January 22 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (born 1733)
* February 14 – James Cook, English explorer (born 1728)
* June 28 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (born 1704)
* October 18 – Patrick d'Arcy, Irish-born mathematician (born 1725)
* November 16 – Pehr Kalm, Swedish botanist (born 1716)
* undated – John Kay, English inventor (born 1704)
# 1864 in Japan

Events from the year 1864 in Japan.

## Incumbents

* Emperor: Kōmei

## Events

* August 20 - Kinmon incident

## Births

* October 8 – Kikunae Ikeda, chemist (d. 1936)

## Deaths

vteYears in Japan (538–present) :
# 1881 Lewisburg football team

The 1881 Lewisburg football team represented the University at Lewisburg—now known as Bucknell University—during the 1881 college football season. In the schools first-ever game, it lost to Penn State.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| November 12 | Penn State | Lewisburg, PA | L 0–9 |
# Serapias lingua subsp. stenopetala

Serapias lingua subsp. stenopetala, synonym Serapias stenopetala, is a subspecies of orchid in the genus Serapias. The common name of the plant is sérapias à pétales étroits in French. The plant is native to Algeria and Tunisia.
# Serapias perez-chiscanoi

Serapias perez-chiscanoi is a species of orchid endemic to Portugal and western Spain.
# Serapias parviflora

Serapias parviflora, the small-flowered tongue-orchid, is a species of orchid native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Atlantic coast of Europe.

## Description

Serapias parviflora grows to around 10–30 centimetres (4–12 in) high (occasionally up to 40 cm or 16 in). At the base of the stem, there are 4–7 keeled, linear leaves, and 1–3 bract-like leaves further up the stem. The 3–8 flowers (rarely up to 12) are arranged in a spike. The greyish-pink sepals and petals form a hood over the column and the lip, which is typically 14–19 mm (0.55–0.75 in) long.

## Distribution

Serapias parviflora is found natively across the Mediterranean Basin from the Iberian Peninsula to the Aegean Sea, as well as in the Canary Islands and along the Atlantic coast of France. It was discovered in 1989 at Rame Head in Cornwall (United Kingdom), and may have dispersed there naturally. That colony disappeared after 20 years, but in 2021, 16 plants were discovered growing on the 11th-floor biodiverse green roof at Nomura International's office building in the City of London.
The population of Orchids at NOMURA increased to over 29 individuals in 2022 and 40 in 2023. By early 2024 the Nomura colony had increased to over 300 individual plants thanks to sympathetic management of the green roof by the banks ecologist. (https://irp.cdn-website.com/59158a38/files/uploaded/green%20roof%20annual%20report%202021-2022%20ver2.0.pdf)
Origin of the NOMURA orchids. Examining the records of the source materials used in construction of the green roof reveal they were not sourced from anywhere near to the orchids natural range. The most plausible explanation for their arrival is wind blown seed on a weather phenomenon such as those which frequently bring Saharan dust storms to the city in spring. The timing of the orchids flowering in the southern Mediterranean and North Africa, going to seed and timings of Saharan dust storms over london in late spring happens to line up.
NOMURA are working with Kew Science laboratories and mycologists to study the orchids and hope to shed further light on their arrival in the future.
# 1702 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1702 to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

* Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire) – William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby; (10 June – 5 November 1702)Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley (from 2 December)
* Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Monmouthshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire – Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke
* Bishop of Bangor – John Evans
* Bishop of Llandaff – William Beaw
* Bishop of St Asaph – Edward Jones
* Bishop of St Davids – vacant

## Events

* 8 March – Anne, daughter of King James II, comes to the throne of Great Britain. Since her only surviving son had died prior to her accession, there is no prospective Prince of Wales.
* 5 May – Following a suspension of nearly a year, Edward Jones, Bishop of St Asaph, is allowed to return to his see.
* date unknown
** The 23rd Regiment of Foot is granted the title The Welsh Regiment of Fuzileers.
** An eisteddfod is held at Machynlleth.
** Richard Bulkeley, 4th Viscount Bulkeley, succeeds his father, the 3rd Viscount, as Constable of Beaumaris Castle.

## Arts and literature
### New books

* David Maurice – Cynffwrdd i'r gwan Gristion, neu'r gorsen ysig (translation from work of Theophilus Dorrington)

## Births

* 20 May – Thomas Morgan, judge (died 1769)
* date unknown
** Richard Farrington, antiquary (died 1772)
** Humphrey Owen, academic (died 1768)

## Deaths

* January – James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey, 31
* 25 March – Lewis Wogan of Boulston, High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire, about 50
* 12 May – Elizabeth Gwyn, philanthropist, daughter of Thomas Gwyn of Hay Castle
* 5 November – William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby, Lord Lieutenant of North Wales, about 47
* December – Sir Charles Kemeys, 3rd Baronet, Governor of Cardiff Castle
* date unknown – David Maurice, clergyman and translator, 76
# Linyphantes victoria

Linyphantes victoria is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in Canada.
# 1820 Massachusetts's 8th congressional district special election

A special election was held in Massachusetts's 8th congressional district on October 16, 1820, and November 24, 1820, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Zabdiel Sampson (DR) on July 26, 1820.

## Election results

Although a majority was achieved on the first ballot, a second election was ordered because elections had not been held in the town of Hanson.
| Candidate | Party | First ballot | First ballot | Second ballot | Second ballot |
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Percent | Votes | Percent |
| Aaron Hobart | Democratic-Republican | 872 | 52.1% | 588 | 68.7% |
| William Baylies | Federalist | 803 | 47.9% | | |
| Scattering | Scattering | | | 268 | 31.3% |
Hobart took his seat on December 18, 1820
# Sertaneja

Sertaneja and Sertanejo are Brazilian terms that may refer to:
* Sertanejo, a resident of the Sertão (equivalent to a United States cowboy in frontier times)
* Sertaneja, Paraná, a municipality in Paraná, Brazil
* Sertanejo music, a musical genre in Brazil (known as Sertanejo)
* O sertanejo, a novel by the Brazilian writer José de Alencar
* Viola sertaneja, a stringed musical instrument from North-eastern Brazil
* Sertanejo, nickname of Felipe Arantes, Brazilian mixed martial artist
# Lindy Hood

James Marcus "Lindy" Hood (July 30, 1907 – October 17, 1972) was a college basketball All-American center for the University of Alabama. At Alabama, Hood is noted for being their first All-American men's basketball player in 1931 and as the leader of the undefeated 1929–30 Crimson Tide squad. Hood's nickname "Lindy" came during his playing days with Alabama during a trip to New Orleans to play Tulane. As he entered a hotel lobby, a crowd mistook Hood for Charles Lindbergh and thus the nickname "Lindy" was given to him. Hood was posthumously inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.
# Setesdal Vesthei Ryfylkeheiane

Setesdal Vesthei Ryfylkeheiane is a protected area in Norway.
# 1722 in Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1722 in Ireland

## Incumbent

* Monarch: George I

## Events

* William Wood commences the minting (in London) of copper halfpence and farthings for circulation in Ireland.

## Births

* May 29 – James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, politician (d. 1773)
* Sir John Blackwood, 2nd Baronet, politician (d. 1799)

## Deaths

* March 11 – John Toland, philosopher (b. 1670)
# 1722 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1722 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland: The Duke of Roxburghe

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Robert Dundas
* Solicitor General for Scotland – John Sinclair, jointly with Charles Binning

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord North Berwick
* Lord Justice General – Lord Ilay
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Grange

## Events

* 7 May – Tranent to Cockenzie Waggonway construction begins.
* Signet Library established in Edinburgh.
* Pheasant introduced to Scotland.
* Possible date – Burning of Janet Horne as a witch – see 1727 in Scotland.

## Births

* 26 January – Alexander Carlyle, Church of Scotland leader (died 1805)
* 4 May – Robert McQueen, Lord Braxfield, judge (died 1799)
* 13 September – John Home, Episcopalian minister, playwright and writer (died 1808)
* 16 September – Gabriel Christie, British Army general and settler in Quebec (died 1799 in Canada)
* 1 December – Dunbar Douglas, 4th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish peer (died 1799)
* date unknown
** John Brown of Haddington, theologian (died 1787)
** Flora MacDonald, Jacobite (died 1790)
** Robert Smith, architect working in America (died 1777 in the United States)

## Deaths

* 28 February – William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian, army officer (born 1661)
* 9 August – Robert Sibbald, polymath (born 1641)

## The arts

* William Aikman paints a portrait of the poet Allan Ramsay.
* Physician Archibald Pitcairne writes the comedy The Assembly, or Scotch Reformation.
# Seth Twum

Seth Twum is a former Ghanaian Supreme Court Judge. He served on the Supreme Court bench from 2002 to 2007.

## Biography

Twum was born on 20 March 1937. He had his secondary education at Achimota School.
He was nominated in July 2002 and was vetted in September that same year. A month later, he was approved by parliament and was sworn into office in November that year together with Justice Georgina Theodora Wood, Justice Stephen Alan Brobbey and Justice Samuel Glenn Baddoo by the then president John Agyekum Kufour. He retired on 20 March 2007 at the mandatory retirement age of seventy (70) years.
Twum died in 2022. He was buried on 1 July 2022.
# 1716 in Denmark

Events from the year 1716 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Frederick IV
* Grand Chancellor – Christian Christophersen Sehested

## Events

* 8 March – The Battle of Høland.
* 8 July – Battle of Dynekilen, battle of the Great Northern War.
* 3 August – Martin Düssel and Christoffer Düssel are ennobled with letters patent under the name “von Falkenskiold”, founding the noble House of Falkenskiold.

### Undated

* Peter the Great visits Copenhagen. He ascends the Round Tower on horseback while visiting Copenhagen. His wife, Catherine I, reportedly ascended behind him in a carriage.
* Johan Ludvig Holstein settles as a courtier and government official in Denmark.

## Births

* 24 July – Bolle Willum Luxdorph, government official and landowner (died 1788)

### Full date missing

* Peder Olsen Walløe, arctic explorer (died 1793)
* Johann Georg Ziesenis, painter (died 1776)
# Nondi Mahlasela

Nondi Mahlasela (born 25 December 1991) is a Motswana footballer who plays as a forward for Prison and the Botswana women's national team.
# Stenalia rufohumeralis

Stenalia rufohumeralis is a beetle in the genus Stenalia of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1926 by Píc.
# Dream FM (London)

Dream FM was a London pirate radio station active in the 1990s, that championed happy hardcore music.
Dream FM started broadcasting in January 1994 from Battersea, South West London, having briefly been named Global FM. Dream played predominantly happy hardcore and breakbeat hardcore but also jungle and house, during the transitional period where breakbeat music was fragmenting into different genres. In March 1995, Dream moved to 107.6 FM, with the station promoting raves at London venues such as Club Labrynth, Bagley's, Adrenalin Village, and the Gardening Club. It hosted live outside broadcasts from its events and had phone-ins and on-air games such as Beat The Raid.
In April 1996, Dream was included in a BBC First Sight documentary about pirate radio in London.
Between 1996 and 1998, Dream produced a monthly magazine, Dream Magazine, which was available on the high-street.
DJs and MCs that played on Dream include: DJ Spinback (its original founder), Swifflee & Fiaz (who managed the station), MC Suicide, Rhythm Master, Boots Hi-Fi, Groove Vandal, Tom Thumb, MC Livelee, MC Ruff, Extreme, Jimmy J, Krazy G & Phantom D, MC Stevie A, DJ Uproar & MC Sniper, DJ Wise, Innocence & Influence, MC Base, Reds & Gussy, DJ Energy, DJ Eclipse & MC Twilight, and Rise & Shine.
Dream FM ceased broadcasting on 13 April 1997, hosting a farewell party on 19 April at London's Linford Film Studio venue.
# Sathighar Bhagawati

Sathighar Bhagawati is a market place in Panchkhal Municipality in Kabhrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. It was merged to form the new municipality along with Panchkhal, Deuvumi Baluwa, Anaikot and Sathighar Bhagawati village development committee on 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2732 in 534 individual households.
# New Helena, Nebraska

New Helena is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Nebraska, United States.

## History

A post office was established at New Helena in 1875, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1910.
# Never Gonna Let You Go (Esthero song)

"Never Gonna Let You Go" is a song by Canadian singer/songwriter Esthero. It was released as the lead single from her third studio album, "Everything Is Expensive." Upon its release, the song became a hit in her native Canada, and peaked within the top 75 on the Canadian Hot 100, becoming her first entry on that chart.
An accompanying music video, directed by Sean Michael Turrell, was premiered on YouTube in August 2012, and depicts a young girl who is in love with her male doll. The song was also used in a Season 9 episode of "Grey's Anatomy."

## Background and composition

Following the commercial disappointment of Wikked Lil Grrrls, Esthero was dropped from Reprise Records. She took a hiatus as a solo artist, though collaborated with many artists during that time. Seven years after the release of Wikked Lil' Grrrls, she announced that she would be releasing a new album, funded through PledgeMusic. She released a new song, "Never Gonna Let You Go," to promote the album.
"Never Gonna Let You Go" features a piano, which plays throughout the song; percussion in the form of hand claps; and synthesizers. The lyrics explore possessive relationships and what lengths one would go to keep her lover.

## Music video

The song's music video premiered on YouTube on August 17, 2012. Esthero stated in a 2012 interview that it was the director, Sean Michael Turrell's, idea to use a child in the video, stating that she "had a different idea — this surreal, twisted world with characters, where at the end the reveal would be that it all came from the mind of this little girl. He took the ideas I had and made the video his own."

### Synopsis

The video follows a little girl who is in love with her male doll; when she walks in on the doll with a female, Barbie-like doll, however, she ties the female doll to a chair before sticking both dolls in the oven. Before they completely melt, she retrieves them from the oven, throws the female doll into a pool, and hugs the male doll tight. The video makes extensive use of stop-motion animation.

## Use in media

"Never Gonna Let You Go" was used in a Season 9 episode of Grey's Anatomy, titled "This Is Why We Fight."

## Chart performance

"Never Gonna Let You Go" debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 on the chart dated September 15, 2012. The song spent a total of 13 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 72, and becoming her first (and, to date, only) charting hit in Canada.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 72 |
| Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard) | 33 |
| Canada Hot AC (Billboard) | 20 |
# Diplectanum

Diplectanum is a genus of monopisthocotylean monogeneans in the family Diplectanidae. The genus, created by Karl Moriz Diesing, gave its name to the family Diplectanidae. All its species are parasites of the gill lamellae of teleosts. The type-species of the genus is Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857).

## Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species, many species are included in this genus. Examples are:
* Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889
* Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857)
* Diplectanum banyulense Oliver, 1968
* Diplectanum belengeri (Chauhan, 1945) Chauhan, 1954
* Diplectanum bocqueti Oliver, 1980
* Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980
* Diplectanum copiosum Boeger, Fehlauer & Marques, 2006
* Diplectanum dollfusi Oliver, 1980
* Diplectanum femineum Justine & Henry, 2010
* Diplectanum flagritubus Nagibina, 1976
# Milliyet Çocuk

Milliyet Çocuk was a Turkish language children's magazine which existed between 1972 and 1990 with one-year hiatus.

## History and profile

Milliyet Çocuk was launched in 1972. The magazine was part of Milliyet group which was owned by Karacan family and produced Milliyet newspaper. Milliyet Çocuk was a supplement to Milliyet until 1974 when it became an independent publication. It featured several cartoon serials such as Larry Yuma by Carlo Boscarato and Claudio Nizzi and Lucky Luke by Morris and René Goscinny. The magazine folded in 1976 due to the low circulation levels. Next year Milliyet Çocuk was restarted as a weekly magazine, and the founding editor-in-chief was a Turkish poet, Ülkü Tamer. The magazine became a success soon after its restart and sold nearly 100,000 copies. In the second period Milliyet Çocuk featured work by significant literary figures. The magazine folded in April 1989.
Milliyet Çocuk was restarted on 5 January 1990, but it permanently ceased publication only after two issues.
# Rano Raraku

Rano Raraku is a volcanic crater formed of consolidated volcanic ash, or tuff, and located on the lower slopes of Terevaka in the Rapa Nui National Park on Easter Island in Chile. It was a quarry for about 500 years until the early eighteenth century, and supplied the stone from which about 95% of the island's known monolithic sculptures (moai) were carved. Rano Raraku is a visual record of moai design vocabulary and technological innovation, where 887 moai remain. Rano Raraku is in the World Heritage Site of Rapa Nui National Park and gives its name to one of the seven sections of the park.

## Description

The sides of Rano Raraku crater are high and steep except on the north and northwest, where they are much lower and gently sloping. The interior contains one of the island's three freshwater crater lakes, which is bordered by nga'atu or totora reeds. These plants, once thought as evidence of contact with the South American mainland, are now known to have been growing on the island for at least 30,000 years and were used by the Rapa Nui for thatched shelter and swimming aids.

## Incomplete moai in the quarry

The incomplete statues in the quarry are remarkable for their number, for the inaccessibility of some that were high on the outside crater wall and for the size of the largest; at 21.6 m (71 feet) in height, almost twice that of any moai ever completed and weighing an estimated 270 tonnes, many times the weight of any transported.
Some of the incomplete moai seem to have been abandoned after the carvers encountered inclusions of very hard rock in the material.
Others may be sculptures that were never intended to be separated from the rock in which they are carved.

## Standing moai at Ranu Raraku

On the outside of the quarry are a number of moai, some of which are partially buried to their shoulders in the spoil from the quarry. They are distinctive in that their eyes were not hollowed out, they do not have pukao and they were not cast down in the island's civil wars. For this last reason, they supplied some of the most famous images of the island.
* Moai closer up
* Moai in 1880
* Eroded moai

### Tukuturi

Tukuturi is an unusual moai. Its beard and kneeling posture distinguish it from standard moai.
The peculiar posture of this statue is well known on Easter Island and is called tuku turi or simply tuku. It was the posture used by the men and women who formed the chorus in the festivals called riu, where the posture was known as tuku riu. Typical also of the singers was the slightly backward inclination of the trunk, the raised head, and the goatee, all also seen in the statue.
Tukuturi is possibly related to the Tangata manu cult, in which case it would be one of the last moai ever made.
It seems likely that this statue represents a riu singer and was made after the production of classic statues had ceased.
# Nottingham Independents

The Nottingham Independents is a political party based in the area of Nottingham City in Nottinghamshire, England. It was officially registered in January 2018, by the former chairman of the city's branch of UKIP, Francesco Lari. The party modelled itself on the Ashfield Independents and planned to contest elections in the area of Nottingham. The party became the largest opposition group in Nottingham City Council after the 2019 elections (won by the Labour Party).

## History

The party gained its first councillor when Sarah Hewson, elected as a Conservative to Gedling Borough Council, joined the Nottingham Independents in March 2018.
The first election contested by the party was the Clifton North by-election on 27 September 2018, where the party came third with 11% of the vote share.
In the 2019 Nottingham City Council election the party put forward seven candidates across five wards. The party published a city manifesto for the election. The party gained three councillors for the Clifton East Ward, making the Nottingham Independents the largest opposition party on the council.
In preparation for the 2023 City council election, the party released a manifesto, which included policies such as saving youth centres, building more social housing, and petitioning the government for more support for people through the cost of living crisis. The party held its three seats and received 10% of votes cast.