OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of countries in Asia-Pacific by GDP (nominal)
## 2023 estimates

List of countries in Asia-Pacific by GDP (nominal), International Monetary Fund (Estimates for October 2023).
| Rank | Country | GDP (millions of USD) |
| 1 | China | 17,700,899 |
| 2 | Japan | 4,230,862 |
| 3 | India | 3,732,224 |
| 4 | South Korea | 1,709,232 |
| 5 | Australia | 1,687,713 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 1,417,387 |
| 7 | Taiwan | 751,930 |
| 8 | Thailand | 512,193 |
| 9 | Singapore | 497,347 |
| 10 | Bangladesh | 446,349 |
| 11 | Philippines | 435,675 |
| 12 | Vietnam | 433,356 |
| 13 | Malaysia | 430,895 |
| 14 | Hong Kong (China) | 385,546 |
| 15 | Pakistan | 338,237 |
| 16 | New Zealand | 249,415 |
| 17 | Sri Lanka | 75,296 |
| 18 | Myanmar | 74,861 |
| 19 | Nepal | 41,339 |
| 20 | Macau (China) | 38,840 |
| 21 | Papua New Guinea | 31,692 |
| 22 | Cambodia | 30,943 |
| 23 | Mongolia | 18,782 |
| 24 | Brunei | 15,153 |
| 25 | Laos | 14,244 |
| 26 | Maldives | 6,977 |
| 27 | Fiji | 5,511 |
| 28 | Bhutan | 2,686 |
| 29 | Timor-Leste | 2,023 |
| 30 | Solomon Islands | 1,690 |
| 31 | Vanuatu | 1,166 |
| 32 | Samoa | 939 |
| 33 | Tonga | 547 |
| 34 | Micronesia | 458 |
| 35 | Marshall Islands | 277 |
| 36 | Palau | 267 |
| 37 | Kiribati | 246 |
| 38 | Nauru | 150 |
| 39 | Tuvalu | 63 |

### No Data

* American Samoa (US)
* British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)
* Christmas Island (Australia)
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)
* Cook Islands (New Zealand)
* French Polynesia (France)
* Guam (US)
* New Caledonia (France)
* Niue (New Zealand)
* Norfolk Island (Australia)
* Northern Mariana Islands (US)
* North Korea
* Pitcairn Islands (UK)
* Tokelau (New Zealand)
* Wallis and Futuna (France)
# Doctor Mirabilis (novel)

Doctor Mirabilis is a historical novel written in 1964 by American writer James Blish.
This is the second book in Blish's quasi-religious trilogy After Such Knowledge (1958-1971). The historical novel recounts of the life of the 13th-century English Franciscan Roger Bacon and his struggle to develop a 'Universal Science'. Though thoroughly researched, with a host of references, including extensive use of Bacon's own writings, frequently in the original Latin, the book is written in the style of a novel, and Blish himself referred to it as 'fiction' or 'a vision'.
Blish's view of Bacon is uncompromisingly that he was the first scientist, and he provides a postscript to the novel in which he sets forth these views. Central to his depiction of Roger Bacon is that "He was not an inventor, an Edison or Luther Burbank, holding up a test tube with a shout of Eureka!" He was instead a theoretical scientist probing fundamental realities, and his visions of modern technology were just by-products of "...the way he normally thought – the theory of theories as tools..." Blish indicates where Bacon's writings, for example, consider Newtonian metrical frameworks for space, then reject these for something which reads remarkably like Einsteinian relativity, and all "...breathtakingly without pause or hiccup, breezily moving without any recourse through over 800 years of physics".
# E. W. Clark

E. W. Clark may refer to:
* Edward Walter Clark (1858–1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in E. W. Clark & Co.
* Enoch White Clark (1802–1856), founder of E.W. Clark & Co.
* Edwin W. Clark (1830-?), American Baptist missionary to Nagaland
# Kazuo Mori

Kazuo Mori (森 一生, Mori Kazuo, January 15, 1911 – June 29, 1989), also known by his street name Issei Mori (もり いっせい, Mori Issei), was a Japanese film director who primarily worked in popular genres like the jidaigeki. Mori directed over 100 films in his life.

## Career

Born in Ehime Prefecture, Mori graduated from Kyoto University before joining Nikkatsu's Uzumasa studio in 1933. A favorite of the producer Masaichi Nagata, he followed him to Daiichi Eiga and Shinkō Kinema before getting a chance to direct in 1936 with Adauchi hizakurige. When Shinkō Kinema was merged with other studios to form Daiei Film, Mori became one of Daiei's core directors of genre films, making primarily samurai films with stars such as Raizō Ichikawa, Kazuo Hasegawa, and Shintaro Katsu. While not an auteur, he was a solid craftsman in the genre. After Daiei went bankrupt in the early 1970s, Mori continued directing jidaigeki on television. He directed over 130 films in his career. The National Film Center in Tokyo did a retrospective of his works in 2011 in celebration of his centenary.

## Selected filmography

| Title | Release date |
| Adauchi hizakurige 仇討膝栗毛 | 1936 |
| Vendetta for a Samurai 荒木又右衛門 決闘鍵屋の辻 Araki Mataemon: Kettō kagiya no Tsuji | 1952 |
| Tōjūrō no Koi 藤十郎の恋 | 1955 |
| Fighting Fire Fighter あばれ鳶 Abare Tori | 1956 |
| Zenigata Heiji: Human-skin Spider 銭形平次捕物控　人肌蜘蛛 Zenigata Heiji Torimono no Hikae: Hitohada Gumo | 1956 |
| Suzakumon 朱雀門 | 1957 |
| Yatarō gasa 弥太郎笠 | 1957 |
| Inazuma Kaidō 稲妻街道 | 1957 |
| Suzunosuke Akado: The Birdman with Three Eyes 赤胴鈴之助 三つ目の鳥人 Akadо̄ Suzunosuke: Mitsume no chо̄jin | 1958 |
| The 7th Secret Courier for Edo 七番目の密使 Nanabanme no Misshi | 1958 |
| Hitohada Kujaku 人肌孔雀 | 1958 |
| Samurai Vendetta 薄桜記 Hakuōki | 1959 |
| Wakakihi no Nobunaga 若き日の信長 Hakuōki | 1959 |
| Blind Menace 不知火検校 Shiranui Kengyō | 1959 |
| Kaze to Kumo to Toride 風と雲と砦 ' | 1961 |
| The Tale of Zatoichi Continues 続・座頭市物語 Zoku Zatoichi Monogatari | 1962 |
| Shinobi no Mono 3: Resurrection 新・忍びの者 Shin Shinobi no Mono | 1963 |
| Zatoichi and the Doomed Man 座頭市逆手斬り Zatōichi sakate-giri | 1965 |
| Majin Strikes Again 大魔神逆襲 Daimajin Gyakushu | 1966 |
| A Certain Killer ある殺し屋 Aru Koroshiya | 1967 |
| A Killer's Key ある殺し屋の鍵 Aru Koroshiya no Kagi | 1967 |
| The Saga of Tanegashima 鉄砲伝来記 Teppo Denraiki | 1967 |
| Nemuri Kyōshirō: Engetsu Sappō 眠狂四郎円月殺法 | 1969 |
| The Yoshiwara Story 秘録おんな蔵 Hiroku Onnagura | 1969 |
| Kantō Onna Akumyō 関東おんな悪名 | 1969 |
| Zatoichi at Large 座頭市御用旅 Zatoichi Goyōtabi | 1972 |

### Television

| Title | Release date | Notes |
| Sengoku Rokku Hagurekiba 戦国ロックはぐれ牙 | 1973 | |
| Zatoichi Monogatari 座頭市物語 | 1974 | |
| Tsūkai! Kōchiyama Sōshun 痛快!河内山宗俊 | 1975-76 | ep4 and 11 |
| Kogarashi Monjirō 新・木枯し紋次郎 | 1977-78 | |
# Owmby-by-Spital

Owmby-by-Spital is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 2 miles (3 km) east from the A15 road, 11 miles (18 km) north from Lincoln and 8 miles (13 km) west from Market Rasen. The population of the civil parish (just called Owmby then) was 388 at the 2011 census. The village is part of the Owmby Group of parishes.
Owmby-by-Spital is listed in 6 entries of the Domesday Book as 'Ouneby', in the Aslacoe wapentake, in the West Riding of Lindsey. The largest holder in 1066 and 1086 being the Bishop of Lincoln (St Mary). Other land holders in 1086 include Bishop Odo of Bayeux, Ivo Tallboys (Taillebois), and Jocelyn, (son of Lambert).
The civil parish covers an area of 1,600 acres (6.5 km$^2$). According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 309.
The designation of "Spital" in the name comes from the proximity to the village of Spital-in-the-Street.
The village church is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul. Kelly's noted that the church was built in 1808, with parts of the structure Norman, and that it seated 200 people.
A school was built in 1836, by 1881 Owmby school had closed.

## Notable people

Bernie Taupin, English lyricist noted for his collaboration with Elton John, grew up in the village.
# Styphelia yorkensis

Styphelia yorkensis is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in far northern Queensland. It is a shrub or tree with brown, fibrous bark, softly-hairy branchlets, lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and spikes of small, white, tube-shaped flowers.

## Description

Styphelia yorkensis is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of up to 10 m (33 ft), and has brown, fibrous bark and softly-hairy branchlets. Its leaves are lance-shaped or egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, or spatula-shaped, 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long and 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in spikes of three to twelve in upper leaf axils with bracts 0.3–0.5 mm (0.012–0.020 in) long and bracteoles 0.7–0.9 mm (0.028–0.035 in) long. The sepals are egg-shaped, 1.2–1.6 mm (0.047–0.063 in) long and the petals are white, about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long and joined at the base forming a tube about 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long. The fruit is a white, more or less spherical drupe 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1990 by Leslie Pedley who gave it the name Leucopogon yorkensis in the journal Austrobaileya. The specific epithet (yorkensis) refers to the occurrence of this species on Cape York Peninsula. In 2020, Hislop, Crayn and Puente-Lel. transferred L. yorkensis to Styphelia as S. yorkensis in the journal Australian Systematic Botany.

## Distribution and habitat

This styphelia grows on sand in the lee of coastal sand dunes in woodland or vine thicket, often with Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa. It occurs on Torres Strait islands and on northern and eastern parts of the Cape York Peninsula as far south as Cooktown.
# Tiquadra guillermeti

Tiquadra guillermeti is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is endemic in Réunion island in the Indian Ocean, where it is quite common in natural and secondary habitats.
It has a length of approximately 8–9 mm.
# 1972 British Speedway Championship

The 1972 British Speedway Championship was the 12th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The final took place on 2 August at Brandon Stadium in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Ivan Mauger.
The British Under 21 Championship was won by Allan Emmett.

## British Final

* 2 August 1972, Brandon Stadium, Coventry
| Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
| | (6) Ivan Mauger | 14 | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | | | | | 2 | | | 3 | | 14 | 1 | |
| | (12) Nigel Boocock | 12 | | | 3 | | | | | 2 | | 2 | | | 3 | | | | | | 2 | | 12 | 2 | |
| | (4) Barry Briggs | 11 | 1 | | | | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | 11 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | (8) John Louis | 11 | | 2 | | | | | | 1 | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | | 11 | 4 | E |
| 5 | (9) Eric Boocock | 10 | | | 2 | | 2 | | | | | | 1 | | | | | 3 | | 2 | | | 10 | 5 | 3 |
| 6 | (2) Jim McMillan | 10 | 3 | | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | 0 | | | | 3 | | | 10 | 6 | 2 |
| 7 | (15) Terry Betts | 9 | | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | | | | 0 | 3 | | | | 9 | 7 | |
| 8 | (10) Ray Wilson | 7 | | | T | | | 2 | | | | | | 1 | | | 3 | | 1 | | | | 7 | 8 | |
| 9 | (11) Dave Jessup | 7 | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | T | | | | | 2 | | | | | | 1 | 7 | 9 | |
| 10 | (13) John Boulger | 7 | | | | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | | 1 | | 7 | 10 | |
| 11 | (3) Martin Ashby | 6 | 2 | | | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | | 6 | 11 | |
| 12 | (16) Arnold Haley | 5 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | 1 | | | | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | 5 | 12 | |
| 13 | (5) Garry Middleton | 4 | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | | 0 | | | | | 0 | | | | | 2 | 4 | 13 | |
| 14 | (1) Peter Collins | 3 | 0 | | | | E | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | | | | 3 | 14 | |
| 15 | (7) Trevor Hedge | 2 | | 0 | | | | | E | | | | | 0 | 2 | | | | | 0 | | | 2 | 15 | |
| 16 | (14) Ronnie Moore | 2 | | | | 2 | | E | | | | | 0 | | 0 | | | | | | | 0 | 2 | 16 | |
| R1 | (R1) Pete Bailey | 0 | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | R1 |
| R2 | (R2) Norman Hunter | 0 | | | | | | | | | F | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | R2 |
| Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
| gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |

## British Under 21 final

* 24 June 1972, Kingsmead Stadium, Canterbury
| Pos | Rider | Pts |
| 1 | Allan Emmett | 14 |
| 2 | Gordon Kennett | 12 |
| 3 | Tony Davey | 11+3 |
| 4 | Trevor Barnwell | 11+2 |
| 5 | Dave Piddock | 10 |
| 6 | Alan Sage | 9 |
| 7 | Dave Kennett | 9 |
| 8 | Barney Kennett | 8 |
| 9 | John Davis | 7 |
| 10 | Roger Johns | 7 |
| 11 | Robbie Gardener | 6 |
| 12 | Bobby McNeil | 5 |
| 13 | Carl Glover | 4 |
| 14 | Frank Auffret | 4 |
| 15 | Trevor Geer | 3 |
| 16 | Mike Lanham (res) | 1 |
| 17 | Phil Bass | 0 |
| 18 | Rod Haynes (res) | 0 |
# Salix calyculata

Salix calyculata is a low shrub in the willow genus Salix with mostly 8 to 15 millimeter long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China, Sikkim, and Bhutan. A distinction is made between two varieties.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 1860 by Joseph Dalton Hooker; an earlier but not recognized description comes from Nils Johan Andersson. The specific epithet calyculata is derived from the Latin expression caliculus, a diminutive of calix and means "small calyx ".
A distinction is made between two varieties:
* Salix calyculata var. Calyculata with 8 to 15 millimeters long and 6 to 9 millimeters wide leaf blades. The ovary is elliptical or slightly obovate. The stalk of the ovary is longer than the ovary itself. The variety grows on gravelly ground in Bhutan, Sikkim and southern Tibet. A synonym for the variety is Salix calyculata var. Glabrifolia Handel-Mazzetti.
* Salix calyculata var. Gongshanica C.Wang & CFFang length of 5 to 12 mm and 5 to 8 mm wide leaf blades and an egg-shaped ovary. The stem is shorter than the ovary. The variety grows in crevices at altitudes of 4100 to 4700 meters in northwest Yunnan.

## Description

Salix calyculata is a low shrub with slightly upright branches. The leaves have a stalk about 2 to 5 millimeters long. The leaf blade is spatulate-egg-shaped, rarely from 5, mostly 8 to 15 millimeters long and from 5 mostly 6 to 9 millimeters wide, with a rounded tip, wedge-shaped base and a notched leaf margin. The upper side of the leaf is green and glabrous, the underside whitish and initially finely hairy.
Male inflorescences are broadly elliptical catkins with glabrous, tongue-shaped-obovate bracts. Female catkins are elliptical, the bracts resemble those of the male catkins. The female flowers have an adaxial nectar gland. The ovary is elliptical, slightly obovate or ovate and bare. The fruits are bare capsules.

## Range

The natural distribution area is in the south of Tibet, in the northwest of the Chinese province of Yunnan, in Bhutan, and in Sikkim on gravelly underground or in rock crevices. In China, the species is found at altitudes of 3400 to 4700 meters.
# Earina

Earina is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). At the present time (June 2014), 7 species are recognized, native to various islands in the Pacific Ocean.
The New Zealand species are all epiphytic, or sometimes lithophytic, found growing on mossy trunks in the rain forests of both the North and South Islands. The strap-shaped leaves grow from pendulous wire-thin pseudobulbs that arise from creeping rhizomes. E. mucronata flowers mainly in the spring, whereas E. autumnalis, as its name suggests, flowers in the autumn—its flowers are fragrant. The flowers are tiny, typically less than 1 cm across, but are produced in abundance. A large flowering specimen in the bush looks spectacular.

## Species

* Earina aestivalis Cheeseman. - New Zealand North Island
* Earina autumnalis (G. Forst.) Hook.f. - New Zealand (North and South Islands, plus Chatham Island)
* Earina deplanchei Rchb.f. - New Caledonia
* Earina floripecten Kraenzl. - New Caledonia
* Earina mucronata Lindl. - New Zealand (North and South Islands, plus Chatham Island)
* Earina sigmoidea T.Hashim. - Vanuatu
* Earina valida Rchb.f. - Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa
# Typhoon Ruth (1951)

Typhoon Ruth was a typhoon that hit Japan in October 1951.

## Preparations

Storm warnings were issued for southern Japan on October 13. Planes in Tokyo were grounded and courier service to Korea was suspended.

## Impact

Ruth impacted Japan between October 13–15, killing 572 people and injuring another 2,644; 371 people were left unaccounted for. Many of these deaths arose from river flooding triggered by Ruth. The storm damaged 221,118 homes and 9,596 ships, as well as some 3.5 million bushels of rice. Due to Ruth's large size, much of the country was affected by the typhoon's winds and rains. A peak wind gust of 195 km/h (121 mph) and a rainfall total of 639.3 mm (25.17 in) was recorded at Kamiyaku, Kagoshima; both of these values were the highest recorded in Japan from Ruth. Yamaguchi Prefecture was most severely impacted by the typhoon. Coastal areas were inundated and communications were disrupted. Winds reaching 150 km/h (95 mph) and waves 13.5 m (44 ft) high struck Sasebo, Nagasaki, sinking ships and damaging others in the harbor; among them were warships deployed for the Korean War. American military installations throughout Japan incurred over US$1 million in damage. Overall property damage in Japan was estimated at US$25 million, affecting an estimated 123,773 people; total damage to property, crops, and forests reached US$55 million.
# Louie (surname)

Louie is an obsolete romanization of the Chinese surname Lei (雷), occasionally still used among speakers of Cantonese or Southern Min dialects
* Alexina Louie (born 1949), Canadian composer
* Janis Louie (born 1971), chemistry professor working at the University of Utah
* Brandt C. Louie (born 1943), Canadian accountant and businessman
* Clarence Louie (born 1960), Canadian First Nations leader and businessman
* David M. Louie (born 1951), American attorney, former Attorney General of Hawaii
* David Wong Louie (born 1954), American novelist, short story writer and essayist.
* Gilman Louie (born 1960), American game designer and venture capitalist
* Juliette Louie (born 1994), Miss Hong Kong 2017
* "Lakewood" Louie, American poker player best known for his success at the World Series of Poker in the late 1970s and early 1980s
* Steven Gwon Sheng Louie (born 1949), Canadian Chinese physicist
# Makwa Lake 129

Makwa Lake 129 is an Indian reserve of the Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 151 kilometres (94 mi) north-west of North Battleford. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 15 living in 5 of its 5 total private dwellings.
# 1972 British Saloon Car Championship

The 1972 RAC Wiggins Teape Paperchase British Saloon Car Championship was the 15th season of the championship. Bill McGovern became the first driver to win three BTCC titles, making it three back-to-back titles with his Sunbeam Imp.

## Calendar and winners

All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold.
| Round | Round | Circuit | Date | Class A Winner | Class B Winner | Class C Winner | Class D Winner |
| 1 | 1 | Brands Hatch, Kent | 19 March | Bill McGovern | Vince Woodman | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |
| 2 | 2 | Oulton Park, Cheshire | 30 March | Bill McGovern | Jonathan Buncombe | Dave Matthews | Brian Muir |
| 3 | 3 | Thruxton Circuit, Hampshire | 3 April | Bill McGovern | Vince Woodman | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |
| 4 | 4 | Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire | 23 April | Bill McGovern | Brian Peacock | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |
| 5 | A | Crystal Palace, London | 28 May | Not contested. | Not contested. | Mike Crabtree | Brian Muir |
| 5 | B | Crystal Palace, London | 28 May | Bill McGovern | Jonathan Buncombe | Not contested. | Not contested. |
| 6 | 6 | Brands Hatch, Kent | 15 July | Bill McGovern | Heikki Kemilainen | Dave Brodie | Frank Gardner |
| 7 | 7 | Oulton Park, Cheshire | 16 September | Bill McGovern | Jonathan Buncombe | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |
| 8 | 8 | Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire | 24 September | Bill McGovern | Carlo Facetti | Tom Walkinshaw | Dieter Glemser Jochen Mass |
| 9 | A | Mallory Park, Leicestershire | 1 October | Bill McGovern | Jonathan Buncombe | Not contested. | Not contested. |
| 9 | B | Mallory Park, Leicestershire | 1 October | Not contested. | Not contested. | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |
| 10 | 10 | Brands Hatch, Kent | 22 October | Bill McGovern | Jonathan Buncombe | Dave Matthews | Frank Gardner |

## Championship results

Driver's championship :
| Pos. | Driver | Car | Points |
| 1 | Bill McGovern | Sunbeam Imp | 63 |
| 2 | Dave Matthews | Ford Escort RS 1600 | 55 |
| 3 | Frank Gardner | Chevrolet Camaro | 54 |
| 4 | Jonathan Buncombe | Mini Cooper S | 48 |
| 5 | Brian Muir | Ford Capri RS 2600 | 28 |
| 5 | Melvyn Adams | Sunbeam Imp | 28 |
# Litchfield Open

The Litchfield Open was a tennis tournament first established in 1885 by the Litchfield Lawn Tennis Club, Litchfield, Connecticut, United States, and played on outdoor clay courts.. The tournament was played at until 1904.

## History

In 1878 the Litchfield Lawn Club was founded to provide the following sports, croquet, bowling, tennis and social events. In 1885 it established the Litchfield Open tennis event to be played at Litchfield, Connecticut, United States on grass courts. On August 29, 1892, the Litchfield Lawn Club changed its name to the Litchfield Country Club. In 1905 the Litchfield Open was discontinued as the club became host for venue for the Connecticut State Championships, which was founded in 1895 until 1914.
# Salix carmanica

Salix carmanica is a species of willow found in Iran, in Afghanistan, and in China where it is cultivated. It large shrub with blue-green bark and yellowish, drooping branches. The leaf blades reach lengths of 3 to 5 centimeters, with young shoots even more.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 1934 by Rudolf Goerz.

## Description

Salix carmanica is a shrub up to 6 meters high with a smooth, blue-green bark . The branches are yellowish, drooping, thin and bare. The leaves have linear, about 2 millimeters long, deciduous stipules with a serrated leaf margin. The leaf blade is obsolete, 3 to 5 centimeters long and 5 to 7 millimeters wide, also longer on young shoots, short pointed, with a wedge-shaped base and a finely serrated leaf margin. Both sides of the leaf are colored the same, initially slightly tomentose and later almost bare.
Male inflorescences are unknown. The female inflorescences are 1 to 2.5 centimeters long catkins with an approximately 1 centimeter long, tomentose-haired stem with two to three leaves. The bracts are yellowish green, oblong-obovate, about 1.5 millimeters long, with a truncated, edged tip, and bare underside. They fall off as the fruit ripens. The female flowers have a linear-lanceolate, about 1 millimeter long, glabrous or slightly hairy, sterile and 1 millimeter long stalked ovary . The stylus is about 0.4 millimeters long, the scaris two- to four-lobed. Salix carmanica flowers around the time the leaves shoot in May.

## Range

The natural range is in Iran, Afghanistan, and Chinese Xinjiang.
# Satilla

Satilla may refer to:
* The Satilla River in Georgia in the United States
* The Little Satilla River in Georgia in the United States, one of two rivers with this name:
** The Little Satilla River (Satilla River), a tributary of the Satilla River
** The Little Satilla River (Atlantic Ocean), not a tributary of the Satilla River
* Big Satilla Creek, a tributary of the Little Satilla River (Satilla River tributary)
* Little Satilla Creek, a tributary of the Little Satilla River (Satilla River tributary)
* USS Satilla (SP-687), a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919
# Kazachstania

Kazachstania may refer to:
* Kazachstania (trilobite), an arthropod genus in the family Dalmanitidae
* Kazachstania (fungus), a yeast genus in the family Saccharomycetaceae