OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Protein dimer

In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound. Many macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, form dimers. The word dimer has roots meaning "two parts", di- + -mer. A protein dimer is a type of protein quaternary structure.
A protein homodimer is formed by two identical proteins while a protein heterodimer is formed by two different proteins.
Most protein dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds. An example of a non-covalent heterodimer is the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is composed of two different amino acid chains. An exception is dimers that are linked by disulfide bridges such as the homodimeric protein NEMO.
Some proteins contain specialized domains to ensure dimerization (dimerization domains) and specificity.
The G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors have the ability to form both homo- and heterodimers with several types of receptors such as mu-opioid, dopamine and adenosine A2 receptors.

## Examples

* Transcription factors
** Leucine zipper motif proteins
* 14-3-3 proteins
* Variable surface glycoproteins of the Trypanosoma parasite
* Tubulin
* Some clotting factors
** Factor XI
** Factor XIII
** Fibrinogen
* Some receptors
** Nuclear receptors
** G protein βγ-subunit dimer
** Toll-like receptor
** Receptor tyrosine kinases
* Some enzymes
** Type II restriction enzymes
** Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
** Alcohol dehydrogenase

## Alkaline phosphatase

E. coli alkaline phosphatase, a dimer enzyme, exhibits intragenic complementation. That is, when particular mutant versions of alkaline phosphatase were combined, the heterodimeric enzymes formed as a result exhibited a higher level of activity than would be expected based on the relative activities of the parental enzymes. These findings indicated that the dimer structure of the E. coli alkaline phosphatase allows cooperative interactions between the constituent mutant monomers that can generate a more functional form of the holoenzyme. The dimer has two active sites, each containing two zinc ions and a magnesium ion.[8]
# Jean-Pierre Willems

Jean-Pierre Willems (born 30 October 1886, date of death unknown) was a Belgian fencer. He competed in the team sabre competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Jean Adrien Vanovason

Dr. Jean Adrien Vanovason is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He was reelected in 2014. He represents the constituency of Vangaindrano.
He lost his seat in the elections of 2019.
# Junction Hill, New South Wales

Junction Hill is a small town and satellite suburb of Grafton, New South Wales. Part of the Clarence Valley Council, it was identified in 2009 as a site for future residential growth. According to the 2021 census, it had 1,515 inhabitants.
# New York Medical Journal (1865)

The New York Medical Journal is an American medical journal. It was first published in 1865.
# Newcomer (surname)

Newcomer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Franklin Newcomer (1827–1901), American railroad executive and bank president
* Carrie Newcomer (born 1958), American singer and songwriter
* Christian Newcomer (1749–1830), American farmer and preacher
* Clarence Charles Newcomer (1923 – 2005), US District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
* Francis K. Newcomer (1889–1967), Governor of the Panama Canal Zone
* John Newcomer, American game developer, creator of Joust
* John Newcomer (Maryland politician) (1797–1861), American politician and farmer
* John Darlington Newcomer (1867–1931), American architect
* Scott Newcomer (born 1965), American politician
# Just the Tip

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Just the Tip is the second album from Irish-American comedian Robert Kelly. It was released on April 8, 2008.

## Description

The name comes from a joke on the album, about Kelly's preferred sexual intercourse with a woman. The cover art makes use of this by showing just the top half of his head. The album was recorded on 26 July 2007 at the Comedy Connection in Boston.
The album is packaged with a DVD that contains a "Making of" featurette about the making of the album. It also contains a Comedy Central Presents segment on Kelly.
In April 2008, the album reached the 7th position of Billboard's top chart for comedy albums.

## DVD tracks

* Comedy Central Presents Robert Kelly
* Making of Just the Tip
# Michael F. Good

Michael F. Good AO was the Director of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, from 2000 to 2010. He was Chair of the National Health and Medical Research Council.
He graduated from the Queensland University Medical School in 1978. He later undertook further training in medical research at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne.
Postdoctoral training was as a visiting scientist at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. His research interests are in the field of immunity and immunopathogenesis to malaria and group A streptococcus/rheumatic fever, and particularly to the development of vaccines.
Professor Michael Good was appointed Director of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in 2000.
Since 2006 he was chairperson of the National Health and Medical Research Council. Professor Good is a past president of the Association of Australian Medical Research Institutes and past director of the Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology.
He is an editor of several scientific journals and an author of more than 250 peer-reviewed publications.
In 2008 Good was awarded an Order of Australia for his services to medical research and in 2009 he received the Eureka Prize for Leadership.
In 2010, Good was a recipient of the Queensland Greats Awards.
Good was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAHMS) in 2015.
# Protoleptoneta

Protoleptoneta is a genus of leptonetids that was first described by C. Deltshev in 1972.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains four species:
* Protoleptoneta baccettii (Brignoli, 1979) – Italy
* Protoleptoneta beroni Deltshev, 1977 – Bulgaria
* Protoleptoneta bulgarica Deltshev, 1972 (type) – Bulgaria
* Protoleptoneta italica (Simon, 1907) – France, Italy, Austria
# Pseudoanthidium rotundiventre

Pseudoanthidium rotundiventre is a species of leaf-cutting bee in the genus Pseudoanthidium, of the family Megachilidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Jung-hwa

Jung-hwa or Jeong-hwa, also spelled Jong-hwa in North Korea, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 75 hanja with the reading "jung" and five hanja with the reading "hwa" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.
People with this name include:

## Entertainers

* Uhm Jung-hwa (born 1969), South Korean actress and singer
* Kim Jung-hwa (born 1983), South Korean actress and model
* J.Fla (born Kim Jung-hwa, 1987), South Korean female singer and YouTuber
* Park Jeong-hwa (born 1995), South Korean singer and actress, member of girl group EXID

## Sportspeople

* Lee Jeong-hwa (born 1957), South Korean female sport shooter
* Hyun Jung-hwa (born 1969), South Korean female table tennis player
* An Jung-hwa (born 1981), South Korean female handball player
* Han Jung-hwa (born 1982), South Korean male football midfielder
* Im Jyoung-hwa (born 1987), South Korean female weightlifter
* Ri Jong-hwa (born 1990), North Korean female weightlifter
* Seo Jung-hwa (born 1990), South Korean female freestyle skier

## Other

* Choi Jeong Hwa (born 1961), South Korean male sculptor
* Won Jeong-hwa (born 1974), North Korean female spy
# Middle Cathedral Rock

The Middle Cathedral Rock is a prominent rock face on the south side of Yosemite Valley, California. El Capitan lies due north of Middle Cathedral. Middle Cathedral's East Buttress Route is recognized in the historic climbing text Fifty Classic Climbs of North America.
# Protonephrocerus

Protonephrocerus is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

## Species

* Protonephrocerus chiloensis Collin, 1931
* Protonephrocerus flavipilus Skevington, Marques & Rafael, 2021
* Protonephrocerus misionensis Skevington, 2021
# Pseudogamy

Pseudogamy refers to aspects of reproduction. It has different (but related) meanings in zoology and in botany.

## In zoology

In zoology, it means a type of parthenogenesis in which the sperm stimulates the egg cell to develop into an embryo, but no genes from the male are inherited. Gynogenesis is a synonym.

## In botany

In botany, "pseudogamy" is also related to asexual reproduction. Wilhelm Olbers Focke (1881) is usually cited for the definition of the term. What he actually said was (page 525, translated)
    "III PSEUDOGAMY. In experiments to raise hybrids, you sometimes get plants that resemble the mother plant, but partly in their sexual potency appear noticeably weakened. They have for this reason often been taken for hybrids. I suspect that in such cases the foreign pollen no real fertilization completed, but only gave the stimulus to produce the outer parts of fruit. The seeds, which are found in the fruit, are, in my opinion, not spawned by hybridization and generally not through sexual procreation, rather they are incurred parthenogenetically."
Thus in botany, pseudogamy means any reproductive process that requires pollination but does not involve male inheritance. It is sometimes used in a restrictive sense to refer to types of agamospermy in which the endosperm is fertilized but the embryo is not (see Pseudogamous apomixis, below). A better term for the restrictive sense is centrogamy.

### Pseudogamous apomixis

Apomixis in flowering plants (angiosperms) includes some types of vegetative reproduction and also agamospermy, which is asexual reproduction through seeds (see apomixis for more information). Agamospermy can occur through many different mechanisms, some of which require pollination (pseudogamy), and some of which do not (autonomous apomixis). Many flowering plants with pseudogamous apomixis require fertilization to produce the endosperm of the seed. However, it has been shown that pollination with compatible pollen can be required even in some species where endosperm development is autonomous.
Pseudogamous apomixis occurs in many families. It is particularly common in Rosaceae and Poaceae, where it occurs in many different genera and species. Examples of species with pseudogamous apomixis include the Himalayan blackberry Rubus armeniacus and gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides. By contrast, autonomous apomixis is the rule among the many apomictic species of Asteraceae including the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale, and also occurs in several genera of Poaceae.
# Nexin

Nexin is a proteinous inter-doublet linkage that prevents microtubules in the outer layer of axonemes from moving with respect to one another; otherwise, vesicular transport proteins such as dynein would dissolve the whole structure.
# Dafydd ap Maredudd Glais

Dafydd ap Maredudd Glais was a 15th-century Welsh cleric. He was also a civil official, a translator of a chronicle of the Kings of England into Welsh, and a convicted murderer. His name is first recorded in the Ministers’ Accounts for Cardiganshire, in 1429, associated with John Robury and Griffith Prouth (also described as clerics, assumed to belong to the church at Llanbadarn, regarding a pledge for Thomas Kirkham, abbot of Vale Royal. Dafydd is later recorded as having been convicted of the murder of Griffith Prouth but, being in holy orders, was fined rather than being condemned to death. Stripped of his orders, he then followed other members of his family in municipal service, and is later recorded as being provost of Aberystwyth. In 1444 he wrote his own translation of the Historia Regum Britanniae from Latin into Welsh.
# Nagla Sikandar

Nagla Sikandar (Naglā Sikandar) is a village in Tundla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 3,083, in 468 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Nagla Sikandar had a population of 3,083, in 468 households.$^{:85}$ This population was 53.6% male (1,651) and 46.4% female (1,432). The 0-6 age group numbered 439 (235 male and 204 female), making up 14.2% of the total population. 983 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 31.9% of the total.$^{:92–3}$
The 1981 census recorded Nagla Sikandar as having a population of 1,788 people (997 male and 791 female), in 322 households and 305 physical houses. It was then counted as part of Kotla block.$^{:184–5}$
The 1961 census recorded Nagla Sikandar as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 1,249 people (673 male and 576 female), in 218 households and 154 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 862 acres and it was then counted as part of Kotla block.$^{:xc}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Nagla Sikandar had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:85–90}$
# Nagla Salehi

Nagla Salehi (Naglā Salehī), also called Nagaria, is a village in Ghiror block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Kanpur branch of the Lower Ganga Canal, and a major irrigation distributary branches off from the main canal here. As of 2011, Nagla Salehi has a population of 1,520, in 263 households.

## Geography

Nagla Salehi is located on the Kanpur branch of the Lower Ganga Canal. There is a lock on the canal at Nagla Salehi, as well as a bridge crossing over it. A prominent left-side distributary known as the Nagaria distributary (rajbaha) branches off from the main canal at Nagla Salehi; it irrigates crops over a wide area.$^{:50–1}$

## Demographics

As of 2011, Nagla Salehi had a population of 1,520, in 263 households.$^{:73}$ This population was 54.3% male (825) and 45.7% female (695). The 0-6 age group numbered 271 (151 male and 120 female), or 17.8% of the total population. 131 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 8.6% of the total.$^{:64–5}$
The 1981 census recorded Nagla Salehi (as "Nagla Salihi") as having a population of 951 people, in 163 households.$^{:128–9}$
The 1961 census recorded Nagla Salehi (as "Nagla Salai") as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 727 people (386 male and 341 female), in 128 households and 92 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,152 acres.$^{:lxxii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Nagla Salehi had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for domestic and agricultural purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:73–8}$
# Nacke

Nacke may refer to:

## People

* Bernd Nacke (1921–2011) German racing driver
* Frances Nacke Noel (1873–1963) suffragette
* Heinz Nacke, Luftwaffe Hauptmann who received the Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross in 1940
* Lou Nacke (1959–2001), a passenger who attempted to retake United 93 on September 11, 2001
* Paul Näcke (1851–1913), German psychiatrist and criminologist
* Rudolf Nacke, Luftwaffe Stabsfeldwebel who received the Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross in 1941

## Other uses

* Nacke (1901–1913), defunct German car company, see List of automobile manufacturers of Germany
* nacke, a word in Swenglish
# Damien Raemy

Damien Raemy (born 6 April 1994) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Switzerland. He currently races in the IDM Supersport 600 Championship aboard a Yamaha R6.

## Career statistics
### FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship
#### Races by year

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Pos | Pts |
| 2015 | Suter | ALG1 33 | ALG2 28 | CAT Ret | ARA1 24 | ARA2 24 | ALB | NAV1 | NAV2 | JER | VAL1 | VAL2 | NC | 0 |

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing
#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Number | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| 2009 | 125cc | Honda | RBS - Honda Racing | 80 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2011 | 125cc | KTM | Caretta Technology | 90 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total | | | | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |

#### Races by year

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos | Points |
| 2009 | 125cc | Honda | QAT | JPN | SPA | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | GER 22 | GBR | CZE | INP | RSM | POR | AUS | MAL | VAL | | 22 | 0 |
| 2011 | 125cc | KTM | QAT | SPA | POR | FRA | CAT | GBR | NED | ITA | GER | CZE | INP | RSM | ARA 19 | JPN | AUS | MAL | VAL | 19 | 0 |
# The Best of Bonnie Raitt

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Best of Bonnie Raitt is a 2003 compilation album by Bonnie Raitt, released by Capitol Records.

## Reception

Thom Jurek of AllMusic wrote in his review, "Here is the astonishing range, from deep blue-eyed bluesy soul, sheeny reggae-tinged pop, and adult rock & roll that moves and inspires anyone with an open mind."

## Certifications

Certifications for The Best of Bonnie Raitt :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# The Blue Violin Player

The Blue Violin Player or De Blauwe Vioolspeler (1982) is a metal sculpture located near the Raampoortbrug bridge in Amsterdam Netherlands. It is also called Man Trying to Catch Tram 10 or Man with Violin Case. The identity of the artist is unknown.

## Background

An anonymous artist began placing public sculptures in the city of Amsterdam. In 1982 the sculpture of a human figure running with a violin case was installed in Amsterdam. The Blue Violin Player portrays a man who appears to be rushing toward the Bloemgracht tram stop, while carrying a violin case.

## Design

The sculpture was completed in 1982. It is a depiction of a faceless/invisible man who is running with a violin case in the direction of the Marnixstraat. The figure is headless and he is on the corner of Marnixtraat and Tweede Hugo de Grootstraat near the Jordaan district.
# Naangellam Edagoodum

Naangellam Edagoodum is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by R Vijaykumar and starring Manoj Devadas and Veena Nair. The music was composed by newcomer Charles Melvin.

## Plot

A boxing coach becomes angry that all his students are rowdies. A needy group of new students ask if they can train under him.

## Cast

* Manoj Devadas as Maari
* Veena Nair as Maha
* Rajesh as Devaraj
* George Vijay Nelson as Mani

## Production

The film was shot in forty-seven days in Ennore and Thiruvottiyur.

## Reception

A critic from The New Indian Express wrote that "Naangellam Edagoodam is at the most a passable fare". A critic from The Times of India wrote that " Naangellam Edagoodum could have been much more than what it eventually has turned out to be". A critic from Silverscreen India wrote that "The whole routine makes me feel like I am watching TV with a restless person switching channels all the time. Romance. Comedy. Action. Back to Romance".
# Damir Bogdanović

Damir Bogdanović (born 8 July 1971) is a former Croatian handball player.
He played for RK Zamet for 12 years before taking a break to coach the youths at the club. In 2002 he played for one more season at the club before taking the sports director position.

## Honours
### Player

* Croatian First A League
** Vice-Champions (1): 1992
* Croatian First B League
** Winners (1): 1995-96
* Croatian Cup
** Finalist (1): 2000

### Coach

* 3. HRL - West
** Winners (1): 2011-12
# Damprichard

Damprichard (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Dampremy metro station

Dampremy is a Charleroi Metro station, located in Dampremy (part of the Charleroi municipality), in fare zone 1. The station is built as a semi-underground station, with underground tracks toward Piges and semi-underground tracks (leading to a viaduct) toward Providence.

## Nearby points of interest

The station is located in a residential area, close to the Dampremy cemetery and the Charleroi end of the Brussels–Charleroi Canal.

## Transfers

TEC Charleroi bus lines 41, 42, Midi-Docherie.
* This article about a Belgian railway station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dallaire

Dallaire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claude Dallaire (born 1960), Canadian weightlifter
* Roméo Dallaire, Canadian humanitarian, author and retired senator and general
* Jean Dallaire, Canadian painter
* Hector Dallaire, a Canadian professional ice hockey player
* André Dallaire, a Canadian attempted assassin
# Possessory action

In legal usage, a possessory action may refer to:
    An action brought to recover possession of property.
    An action to recover possession of real estate, such as ejectment or forcible entry and detainer.
    An action to recover possession of personal property, such as replevin.
    In Louisiana, an action to recover, maintain, or get into the possession of immovable property or of a right upon or growing out of it. Code Proc. La. § 6.; Preston v Zabrisky, 2 La 226, 227. The dispossessed party must have had quiet and undisturbed possession for a year and a day of the property before bringing an action.
* This law-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dipterocarpus baudii

Dipterocarpus baudii is the accepted name of a tropical forest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae; there are no known subspecies.

## Description

This emergent tree species grows up to 40 m high, with obovate-elliptic leaves up to 250 mm long and has seeds with winged lobes that are 150–180 mm long. D. baudii has been recorded from Burma, Cambodia, Malesia, Thailand and Vietnam (Da Nang to Dong Nai Provinces), where it may be called dầu Baud.
# Sanda ware

Sanda ware (三田焼 Sanda-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery.
The pottery kiln opened around the middle of the Edo period and was completed during the Kansei era by Uchida Chūbe (内田忠兵衛 1789–1840). During the Bakumatsu years, Kinkodō Kisuke (欽古堂亀祐 1765–1837) was invited from Kyoto and led the kiln to a prosperous era.
# Knyghthode and Bataile

Knyghthode and Bataile is a fifteenth-century verse paraphrase by John Neele of Vegetius Renatus' treatise De Re Militari. Influenced by the years of English occupation of France, and completed circa November 1459 to June 1460, it has been called 'one of the most brilliant military poems of the fifteenth century.' It was published in a modern edition by the Early English Text Society in 1935, and most recently by Boydell and Brewer in 2012.
# DHSC

DHSC may refer to:
* Department of Health and Social Care of the United Kingdom
* Department of Health and Social Care (Isle of Man)
* DHSC (football club) of Utrecht, Netherlands
* Doctor of Health Science (D.H.Sc.)