OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Leopold Friedrich

Paul Leopold Friedrich (26 January 1864 – 15 January 1916) was a German surgeon and bacteriologist born in the town of Roda, Saxe-Altenburg.
In 1888 he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig, and as a young assistant worked under Robert Koch (1843–1910) at the Reich Health Office in Berlin. From 1894 he worked as a privat-docent of surgery in Leipzig, where in 1896 he became an associate professor. Later he served as a professor at the Universities of Greifswald (from 1903), Marburg (from 1907) and Königsberg (from 1911). At Greifswald he succeeded August Bier (1861–1949) as director of the Surgical University Hospital. Two of Friedrich's well-known assistants were Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951) and Martin Kirschner (1879–1942).
Friedrich was skilled in many aspects of surgery, including pioneer work in the field of thoracic surgery (lungs). He is remembered for his studies of wound treatment and his efforts to reduce bacterial infections. Through experimentation, he demonstrated the importance of debridement (removal of infected tissue) within a six-hour time limit. He also did extensive work involving diseases that included peritonitis and tuberculosis. He is credited for introducing the practice of using seamless rubber gloves during surgery.
# Silvermines

Silvermines, historically known as Bellagowan (Irish: Béal Átha Gabhann), is a village in County Tipperary in Ireland. It lies immediately north of the Silvermine mountain range and takes its name from the extensive mines of lead, zinc, copper, baryte and silver nearby. Towards the very south of the Silvermine Mountains is the highest peak in the mountains, Keeper Hill or in Irish Sliabh Cimeálta, which rises to 695m, dominating the area. Silvermines is located near the town of Nenagh on the R499 regional road. It is a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe and is also in the historical barony of Ormond Upper.

## Mining heritage

The earliest record of mining in the district is from 1289, but was short-lived. Mining resumed in the 17th century and continued intermittently until 1874. It restarted in 1949, and shortly after a world-class deposit of baryte was found and opencast mining of this began in 1963 by Magcobar (Ireland) Ltd. Soon after a multi-million-tonne orebody grading about 11% combined lead and zinc was also discovered. This was worked underground from 1968 to 1982 by Mogul of Ireland Ltd. The Magcobar mine closed in September 1992, and its extensive spoil heaps are a prominent local landmark, visible for miles. The Mogul mine became famous for the many fine mineral specimens it produced, particularly of the ore minerals galena and sphalerite.
The Old Smelting House, now a ruin, is listed as a protected structure by Tipperary County Council (RPS Ref S477).
Recently, the area has come to media attention as the integrity of the village's water supply was threatened by pollution from the tailings left behind at the mine.

## Transport

Freight trains no longer serve Silvermines.
Bus Éireann route 323 from Newport, County Tipperary to Nenagh serves the village on Fridays-only. There is a journey at 11.00 am to Nenagh. This returns from Nenagh railway station at 1.45 pm, serving the village at 2.05 pm and continuing to Newport.

## Slieve Felim Way

The Slieve Felim Way, a 43 kilometres (27 miles) long-distance trail through the Silvermine and Slieve Felim Mountains has a trail-head in the village. It is designated as a National Waymarked Trail by the National Trails Office of the Irish Sports Council and is managed by Shannon Development and Coillte.
# Dale baronets

The Dale Baronetcy, of West Lodge in the parish of Holy Trinity, Darlington, in the County of Durham, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 13 July 1895 for the industrialist David Dale. He was the grandson of the Scottish merchant and businessman David Dale. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1932.

## Dale baronets, of West Lodge (1895)

* Sir David Dale, 1st Baronet (1829–1906)
* Sir James Backhouse Dale, 2nd Baronet (1855–1932)
# Rulers of India

Rulers of India may refer to:
* Lists of rulers of India
* Rulers of India series edited by William Wilson Hunter
# Shneur Zalman Fradkin

Shneur Zalman Fradkin of Lublin (1830–1902), also known as the Toras Chessed (after his main work; תורת חסד "Kindly teaching") or The Liader (after his place of birth), was a famous Chabad posek and gaon. He was a disciple of the third Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (also known as the Tzemach Tzedek).

## Early life

Fradkin was born in Liadi, Vitebsk Region, Russian Empire (today Belarus), the city of the founder of the Chabad movement, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, after whom Rabbi Fradkin was named.
The sixth Chabad Rebbe, Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, recalled that the local book dealer in Lubavitch would not let Fradkin see the books before purchasing them, because after flipping through the pages he had already memorized the whole book.
After marrying, Fradkin traveled to study from Rabbi Eliyahu Yosef of Dribin, where he became a great scholar. He resolved not to be sustained from the position of rabbi, but after losing all his possessions, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn instructed him to apply for the position of rabbi in Polotzk, Poland, to which Fradkin was later appointed in 1855.

## Rabbi Fradkin and the Rebbes of Chabad

Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn gave Fradkin an honored position among his followers, calling him a gaon, and having him take part in matters of the Beth din. He said that Rabbi Fradkin was so knowledgeable that he knew how many times the letter vav appears in the Talmud.
The fifth Rebbe of Lubavitch, Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, also held Fradkin in high esteem, and said of him, "even in the earlier generations he would have been considered a gaon!"

## In Lublin

After staying in Polotzk for thirteen years, in November 1867 Fradkin was appointed as rabbi of Lublin. This was a great honor, for only very few were allowed to be appointed as rabbis there.

## Toras Chessed

Fradkin was a great posek, as can be seen from the testimony of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn: "I am busy and unable to respond ... pose the question to Rabbi Zalman of Polotzk (i.e., Rabbi Fradkin); you can rely on him." Fradkin gathered the thousands of his responsa into his monumental work, Toras Chessed, published in two volumes (Warsaw, 1883, Jerusalem, 1909).

## Demise

In the month of Adar, 5662, he declared to the astonishment of his students: "I can no longer tolerate this world of falsehood!" He died soon after, on 5 Nissan 5662 (1902), and is buried in the Chabad section of the Mount of Olives.
# San Jacinto, Nevada

San Jacinto is a ghost town in along Salmon Falls Creek in northern Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.
It was the site of a railroad station located eight miles northeast of Contact, Nevada on the Union Pacific railroad.
It is named after the San Jacinto Ranch, which in turn is named for the Battle of San Jacinto, fought at present-day Houston, Texas in 1836.
The San Jacinto post office was in operation from November 1898 through April 1938.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Nevada, −50 °F (−46 °C) was recorded in San Jacinto on January 8, 1937.
The site of the former community is just east of U.S. Route 93.or the Great Basin Highway. Most of what remains of the ghost town is what is now the San Jacinto Ranch.

## Climate

Climate data for San Jacinto, Nevada :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 65 (18) | 68 (20) | 74 (23) | 85 (29) | 92 (33) | 100 (38) | 104 (40) | 108 (42) | 95 (35) | 90 (32) | 78 (26) | 68 (20) | 108 (42) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 36.5 (2.5) | 41.3 (5.2) | 49.7 (9.8) | 58.6 (14.8) | 66.6 (19.2) | 76.2 (24.6) | 87.4 (30.8) | 84.9 (29.4) | 76.0 (24.4) | 62.8 (17.1) | 49.5 (9.7) | 40.2 (4.6) | 60.8 (16.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 11.4 (−11.4) | 16.8 (−8.4) | 22.7 (−5.2) | 28.7 (−1.8) | 34.4 (1.3) | 39.8 (4.3) | 45.4 (7.4) | 41.3 (5.2) | 33.3 (0.7) | 25.9 (−3.4) | 18.3 (−7.6) | 13.6 (−10.2) | 27.6 (−2.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −50 (−46) | −34 (−37) | −16 (−27) | −3 (−19) | 11 (−12) | 19 (−7) | 30 (−1) | 21 (−6) | 10 (−12) | 0 (−18) | −22 (−30) | −45 (−43) | −50 (−46) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.66 (17) | 0.47 (12) | 0.59 (15) | 0.93 (24) | 1.29 (33) | 1.16 (29) | 0.51 (13) | 0.48 (12) | 0.47 (12) | 0.60 (15) | 0.62 (16) | 0.56 (14) | 8.34 (212) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.1 (18) | 4.5 (11) | 3.7 (9.4) | 2.8 (7.1) | 1.3 (3.3) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.7 (1.8) | 3.1 (7.9) | 5.3 (13) | 28.9 (73) |
| Source: WRCC ||||||||||||||
# Der Volkswille (Augsburg, 1919)

Der Volkswille ('The Popular Will' or 'The People's Will') was a newspaper published in Augsburg, Germany from 1919 to 1921. The newspaper was founded in September 1919 as a daily organ for the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) in Swabia and Neuburg. The editor of Der Volkswille was Wendelin Thomas, an USPD Reichstag member.
In October 1919 Bertolt Brecht became a regular opera and theatre critic for Der Volkswille, he remained in this position until the end of the existence of the publication. Between 25 October 1919 and 12 January 1921 Brecht contributed with 25 reviews in Der Volkswille.
On 1 December 1920 Der Volkswille became an organ of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
Der Volkswille was banned in early 1921. Bayerische Arbeiterzeitung ('Bavarian Workers Newspaper') was founded as a successor of Der Volkwille.
It is not to be confused with Volkswille that began publication in Augsburg in 1876.
# Marta Santos Ferreira

Marta Santos Ferreira is a Brazilian paracanoeist who has competed since the late 2000s. She won two medals at the 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Poznań with a gold in the K-1 200m TA and a silver in the K-1 200m LTA events.
# 1977 Chilean International

The 1977 Chilean International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Santiago, Chile. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November through 20 November 1977. The tournament was part of the 1 Star tier of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Guillermo Vilas defeated Jaime Fillol 6–0, 2–6, 6–4
* It was Vilas' 14th singles title of the year and the 33rd of his career.

### Doubles

Jaime Fillol / Patricio Cornejo defeated Henry Bunis / Paul McNamee 5–7, 6–1, 6–1
# To Deng railway station

To Deng railway station is a railway station located in To Deng Subdistrict, Su-ngai Padi District, Narathiwat. It is a class 3 railway station located 1,125.658 km (699.5 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

## South Thailand insurgency events

On 3 November 2013, a separatist bomb exploded at To Deng railway station, killing one military volunteer. The 5 kg bomb was planted at the southern railway track gate in a metal box, about 200 metres from To Deng station building. A group of nine military volunteers went to open the railway track gate for the Local No. 448 Sungai Kolok-Surat Thani to enter the station. However, as they were opening the gates, separatists ignited the bomb, and a military volunteer (who died afterwards) took the full impact of the bomb. The other eight volunteers were therefore safe. As a result of the bombings, Local No. 448 was delayed for 2 hours.

## Services

* Local No. 447/448 Surat Thani-Sungai Kolok-Surat Thani
* Local No. 451/452 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Sungai Kolok-Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local No. 453/454 Yala-Sungai Kolok-Yala
* Local No. 463/464 Phatthalung-Sungai Kolok-Phatthalung
# Sherrie Rabinowitz

Sherrie Rabinowitz (1950–2013) was an American video artist and a pioneer in satellite-based telecommunications art. She worked exclusively with Kit Galloway under the moniker Mobile Image from 1977 onwards. She co-founded the Electronic Café International (ECI), a performance space and real café housed in the 18th Street Arts Center in Santa Monica, California, with Galloway. She died in 2013, from complications due to multiple sclerosis.

## Career
### Optic Nerve

She studied at University of California Berkeley and was involved in the collective Optic Nerve, which created underground video and guerrilla television. Optic Nerve was one of the few San Francisco video collectives with women members in the 1970s. As part of Optic Nerve she collaborated with the architecture and performance collective Ant Farm which was also based out of San Francisco. These projects include: Media Burn (1975), The Eternal Frame (1975), and Pier 40 Fire Clean Up (1978).

### Mobile Image

From the mid-1970s onwards, Kit Galloway and Sherrie Rabinowitz created numerous art works which could be categorized as communication aesthetics, telecollaborative art, telematic art, cyber art, and digital theatre. One example of their work is the 1977 Satellite Arts Project: A Space with No Boundaries, which created composite images of two dancers in California and two dancers in Maryland, and was supported by NASA. Another example is their 1980 satellite relay project Hole-in-Space which connected public spaces in New York and Los Angeles with live audio and life-sized video. Rabinowitz coined the phrase "We must create at the same scale that we can destroy" which would become the headline of Mobile Image's manifesto for their Electronic Cafe Network Project (1984) commissioned for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics Art Festival.
# Damita Jo Freeman

Damita Jo Freeman is an American dancer and actress, who started her career on the TV show Soul Train.
In 1973 Freeman became a featured dancer on Soul Train after only her second appearance on the show, when Joe Tex invited her on stage to dance to his song I Gotcha in an unchoreographed impromptu performance. Her regular dance partner was Don Campbell. Freeman's dancing on Soul Train has been described as, "One breakout star, in particular, Damita Jo Freeman, kept our eyes riveted on her every graceful move. Controlled, yet fluid, and oh so very limber, Damita Jo performed for the cameras like no other and her fuel was the outta sight music of the times."

## Acting

Freeman was also known for her work in film: Elvira: Mistress of the Dark (1988), The Man with One Red Shoe (1985) and Private Benjamin (1980).
# Shikiu River

Shikiu River (敷生川, Shikiu-gawa) is a river in Hokkaido region of Japan originating from the Orofure mountain range and draining to the Pacific Ocean.
# Sandwich Road railway station

Sandwich Road railway station was a railway station on the East Kent Light Railway. It opened in May 1925 and closed to passenger traffic on 1 November 1928. There were plans to extend to Richboro Port railway station but permission to run passenger services north of Sandwich Road was not granted by His Majesty's Railway Inspectorate due to the poor state of repair of the bridge over the Southern Railway and River Stour. The platform was north of the road and a passing loop was south of the road. The station officially closed completely on 1 January 1950 although its use may have ceased earlier.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Roman Road | East Kent Light Railway | Terminus |
# Desirée Cordero Ferrer

Desirée Cordero Ferrer (born 13 September 1993) is a Spanish model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Spain 2014. She represented Spain at the Miss Universe 2014 in the United States where she made the top ten.

## Early life

Cordero is successful model in Spain. In 2016 and 2017 she dated Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo.

## Pageantry
### Miss Universe Spain 2014

Cordero was crowned as Miss Universe Spain 2014 on October 28, 2014, by outgoing titleholder Patricia Yurena Rodríguez.

### Miss Universe 2014

Cordero represented her country in the Miss Universe 2014. She competed with 87 women and placed as a Top 10 semi-finalist.
# Die Doofen

Die Doofen ("The Stupids") was a German comedy musical duo consisting of comedians Wigald Boning and Olli Dittrich.

## History

The band was formed in 1992 under the name Wigald Boning & Die Doofen, but split up after their debut album. Boning and Dittrich joined German television show RTL Samstag Nacht ("RTL Saturday Night") in 1993 in which they worked as comedians until 1998. They also reunited as a band (under the name Die Doofen) on this show. They are best known for their two albums in this period. Their number one album Lieder, die die Welt nicht braucht ("Songs that no one needs") sold more than 1 million copies in Germany. Their single "Mief" ("Stink") was also a number one hit in their native country. They won the German music awards Echo, Bambi, Goldene Stimmgabel and Goldene Europa. Boning and Dittrich split up again in 1998 in the last episode of RTL Samstag Nacht with a parody of the song "Time to Say Goodbye".
Fans started a petition called "Wir wollen die Doofen" ("We want The Stupids") in 2010 aiming to reunite the band.

## Discography
### Wigald Boning & Die Doofen

* 1992: Langspielplatte (album)
* 1992: "Fiep, Fiep, Fiep" (single)
* 1992: "Ich bin ganz aus Lakritz gemacht" (single)

### Die Doofen

* 1995: Lieder, die die Welt nicht braucht (album)
* 1995: "Mief" (single)
* 1995: "Jesus" (single)
* 1996: Melodien für Melonen (album)
* 1996: "Prinzessin de Bahia Tropical" (single)
* 1996: "Zicke Zack Tsatsiki" (single)
* 1996: "Lach doch mal" (single)

## Awards

* 1995: Goldene Stimmgabel
* 1995: Bambi
* 1995: Echo
* 1995: Goldene Europa
# Marta Savić

Marta Savić (Serbian Cyrillic: Марта Савић; born 7 May 1966) is a Bosnian-born Serbian turbo-folk singer.

## Early life

Marta Savić was born to Bosnian Serb parents in Vranjak, a village near Modriča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the age of two months, her family settled in the Serbian town Jaša Tomić. In 1978, the family relocated to Hannover, Germany, where she finished primary and secondary school.

## Personal life

In 1988 she met singer Mile Kitić, whom she later married. Together they have a daughter named Elena (also singer). Marta Savić and Kitić live together in Belgrade, Serbia.
In January 2013, Marta Savić underwent gallbladder surgery.

## Discography

* Zaboravi druge žene (1988)
* Proklet bio (1990)
* Grešnica (1993)
* Nemoj bar ti (1994)
* Kad sam srela (1996)
* Kad zavoliš, pa izgubiš (1999)
* Dijamanti, brilijanti (2000)
* Ikad ili nikad (2001)
* Nismo pucali jedno u drugo (2002)
* Ravno do Kosova (2003)
* Erotica [featured at official website] (2006)
* Muški kompleksi (2009)
* 13 (2011)
# 1977–78 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 1977–78 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an above average cyclone season. The season officially ran from November 1, 1977, to April 30, 1978.

## Systems
### Tropical Cyclone Fleur

Cyclone Fleur passed just east of Mauritius on January 20, producing wind gusts of 145 km/h (90 mph), which damaged crops. Heavy rainfall occurred on neighboring Réunion, reaching 442 mm (17.4 in) at Foc Foc.

### Moderate Tropical Storm Huberte

The storm passed near Rodrigues.

### Moderate Tropical Storm Kiki

On March 7, Kiki reformed near Mauritius and latter passed just southeast of Réunion. Rainfall reached 275.5 mm (10.85 in), which flooded coastal roads, damaged bridges, and killed two people.
# South Thompson, Ohio

South Thompson is an unincorporated community in Geauga County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called South Thompson was established in 1842, and remained in operation until 1905. Besides the post office, South Thompson had a country store.
# 1931 Oldenburg state election

The 1931 Oldenburg state election was held on 17 May 1931 to elect the 48 members of the Landtag of the Free State of Oldenburg.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Nazi Party | 97,802 | 37.23 | 19 | +16 |
| | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 54,893 | 20.90 | 11 | −4 |
| | Centre Party | 46,255 | 17.61 | 9 | 0 |
| | Communist Party of Germany | 18,942 | 7.21 | 3 | +2 |
| | German National People's Party | 12,653 | 4.82 | 2 | New |
| | German People's Party | 10,774 | 4.10 | 2 | New |
| | German State Party | 8,515 | 3.24 | 1 | New |
| | Oldenburg Farmers' Party (Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party) | 5,404 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| | Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 4,275 | 1.63 | 0 | New |
| | Christian Social People's Service | 2,946 | 1.12 | 0 | New |
| | Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany | 224 | 0.09 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 262,683 | 100.00 | 48 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 262,683 | 99.31 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1,830 | 0.69 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 264,513 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 353,167 | 74.90 | | |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic, Elections in Germany ||||||
# Damitha

Damitha is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Damitha Abeyratne (born 1975), Sri Lankan actress
* Damitha Hunukumbura (born 1977), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Damitha Saluwadana (1948–2015), Sri Lankan actress
* Damitha Silva (born 1998), Sri Lankan cricketer
# Rural Municipality of Strathclair

The Rural Municipality of Strathclair is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015, as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Shoal Lake to form the Rural Municipality of Yellowhead.
The former RM is named for the community of Strathclair located within its boundaries. The main reserve of the Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation is located within the northeast quadrant of the former RM.

## Communities

* Elphinstone
* Glenforsa
* Glossop
* Ipswich
* Menzie
* Strathclair