OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nyamal

The Nyamal are an Indigenous Australian people of the Pilbara area of north-western Western Australia.

## Language

A version of Nyamal became the basis of a pidgin used among workers on pearling luggers in the late 19th century, and was spoken several hundred miles away, as was Ngarluma One Nyamal word has entered English, kaluta, the common term now used to refer to a distinct species of marsupial Dasukaluta rosamondae, mistakenly classified as an antechinus before it was correctly identified in 1982.

## Country

The Nyamal are a coastal people though their traditional lands extend inland through to the Yarrie country of the De Grey River, the name yari denoting the white ochre on the river banks. It extended east of the Karajarri coastal zone, and from Port Hedland through to Marble Bar and Nullagine, south over the Shaw River, and north over the Oakover River to the borders of Martu tribal lands such as those of the Manyjilyjarra, Wanman, Nyangumarta and Ngarla. Norman Tindale estimated their territorial extension as covering 16,300 square miles (42,000 km$^2$).
Bush tucker included mangkurrka cuts from the Punara tree. Two types of kangaroo were hunted, the plain variety (warrinykura) and a hill species (wijunu). The lure of the native fig tee fruit was used to catch both bush turkey, which was trapped in a grass net splayed out in the branches, and emu, which was enticed through an artificial gap in a contrived hedge of bush shrubs, and then fell into spiked ditches dug and then camouflaged with leafage and sand.

## History

Part of the traditional Nyamal lands around the de Grey river were taken up by the pastoralist Walter Padbury in 1963, and, after conditions proved too arduous for his foreman Nairn, the station changed hands, and was managed by McKenzie Grant, A.W. Anderson and, later, Charles Harper. Eventually local survivors found work, on the new pastoral leases where a white jackaroo could earn £5 a month. In 1885 they sheared over 13,000 sheep in a month and a half, not paid for in wages, but with flour, sugar and tobacco. Vast flocks of sheep ate up the grasses and bush tucker resources that had been one of the staples of people like the Nyamal, forcing them into more dependence on the stations.

## Peter Coppin

Peter Coppin was an elder of the Nyamal whose life story was recorded by Jolly Read before he died. Born near Yarrie Station with the birth-name Karriwarna in 1920, he avoided the fate of many other half-caste (mardamarda or 'red-red' in Nyamal) children in the region, of being kidnapped by the then so-called Protector of Aborigines, a certain Mitchell, and relative of Sir James Mitchell, who, apart from fathering many children on Aboriginal women in the locality, would round up those of mixed descent and take them to the Moore River Native Settlement. His mother shifted him to the Warralong station run by the Hardie brothers, and where the aborigines grew up to be, according to his memory of their repute, the best stockmen in the world.
# Dôa

The Dôa is a torrent in the French department of the Vaucluse. From its source near the town of Viens it flows along the southern flanks of the Vaucluse mountains until flowing into the Calavon near Apt. Via the Calavon, the stream belongs to the catchment area of the Durance and Rhône.

## Geography
### Itinerary

The Dôa takes its source on the territory of the community of Viens, northwest of the castle and the Collet de Falquerol, near the crossing of the D22 en D33. Starting in Viens, the Dôa subsequently passes through Gignac and Rustrel before flowing into the Calavon east of the city of Apt. Before flowing through the Provençal Colorado in Rustrel, it runs through a series of valleys surrounded by hills forming the feet of the Vaucluse mountain range. During heavy thunderstorms, the water in the river mixes with the Ochre rich sediments and argillaceous loam from the Colorado, giving the stream a yellow color. After leaving Rustrel, the Dôa leaves its east–west trajectory and turns South toward the Calavon.

### Accessibility

Apart from a small section where the stream flows through the Provençal Colorado at Rustrel, the river runs largely parallel to the D22 departmental road.

### Tributaries

Multiple small streams running in valleys and gorges end in the Dôa over the course of its 16 km itinerary. Between these are found the Piedgros, Soured and Rebrondade.

## Etymology

The first texts bearing a reference to the Dôa are found in the chartulary of the church of Apt. The stream is called the Rivus Luctuosa or Lutosa (literally "Loamy") in a document dating back to 906. The name then further evolved and is later called the Lodoza, Luctuosa and finally Doza in a document form 1401, from which the present name Dôa is derived.
# Kent McCray

Kent McCray (June 7, 1928 – June 3, 2018) was an American television producer. He produced many television programs, including Little House on the Prairie.
The son of Mr. and Mrs. Tom McCray, he studied at the Hartt School performing arts conservatory at the University of Hartford in Connecticut.
In addition to Little House on the Prairie, McCray worked on Bonanza, The Red Skelton Show, and This Is Your Life. He also was associate producer with Bob Hope and worked with many of Hope's USO tours overseas. McCray also produced Highway to Heaven from 1984 to 1989, becoming showrunner beginning with that series' second season.
In 2005, McCray donated $100,000 to the Hartt School's television studio. In return, the university named the facility the Kent McCray Television Studio.
# The Society of Legal Scholars

The Society of Legal Scholars (SLS) is the learned society for those who teach law in a university or similar institution or who are otherwise engaged in legal scholarship. As of the beginning of 2016 the Society had over 3,000 members consisting of academic and practising lawyers in a wide variety of subject areas. It has charitable status.
The SLS publishes one of the UK's leading generalist peer-reviewed law journals, Legal Studies.
The Society was founded in 1908 by Edward Jenks as The Society of Public Teachers of Law and changed its name to the SLS in 2002.

## List of presidents

President of The Society of Public Teachers of Law
* 1997–1999: Margaret Brazier
* 2000–2001: Joe Thomson
President of The Society of Legal Scholars
* 2008–2009: Sarah Worthington
* 2010-2011: David Feldman
* 2011–2012: Keith Stanton
* 2015–2016: Andrew Burrows
* 2015–2017: Imelda Maher

## Prizes and awards

The society awards the Peter Birks prize for outstanding legal scholarship, annually. The award is given to outstanding published books by scholars that are within the first 15 years of their academic careers.
# James D. Hamilton

James Douglas Hamilton (born November 29, 1954) is an American econometrician currently teaching at University of California, San Diego. His work is especially influential in time series and energy economics. He received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1983.
His research spans a range of topics, including monetary policy, business cycles, energy markets, econometrics. His work has been translated into Japanese, Chinese, and Italian.

## Published works

* Time Series Analysis (Princeton University Press, 1994)
* Advances in Markov-Switching Models (Physica-Verlag, 2002; Coedited with Baldev Raj)
* Risk Premia in Crude Oil Prices (Journal of International Money and Finance, 2014; Coedited with Jing Cynthia Wu)
* The Equilibrium Real Funds Rate: Past, Present and Future (IMF Economic Review, 2016); Coedited with Ethan Harris, Jan Hatzius and Kenneth West.
# Patrick and Sarah Dobbins Shields House

The Patrick and Sarah Dobbins Shields House is a single-family home located at 6681 North 2nd Street in Alamo, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The house is a relatively rare example of a rural Queen Anne made with patterned masonry, and is one of the few remnants of the former hamlet of Williams.

## History

In 1870, what was then known as the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad constructed a line through this area, passing through what was then the hamlet of Williams. The line was leased to the Michigan Central Railroad in 1871, and the easy access to transportation spurred a small agricultural and industrial boom in the area. The soil of the surrounding area was a sand and clay mixture, and by 1885 there was a brick-making factory located in Williams, which was soon joined by a mill and charcoal factory, as well as two other, independent brick-making businesses.
One of the brick-makers was Patrick Shields, who arrived in Williams in 1890 and purchased a factory near the railroad, just north of where this house now stands. Shields had previously worked in a brickyard in nearby Kendall, Michigan, another hamlet along the railroad. Shields's brick-making business was a success, and in 1900 he constructed a large brick home for his family near the brickyard. The Shields had a large family, and also used space in the house as a gathering place for community event. However, 1900 was the high point for the community of Williams, which reached a population of 125 and began declining soon after. The other two brickyards had closed by 1901, and the Shields brickyard lasted only until about 1910. Patrick Shields died in 1913, but his family continued to live in the house until the late 1930s or early 1940s, when new owners moved in.

## Description

The Patrick and Sarah Shields House is a large, three-story, red brick Queen Anne house, with a footprint defined by overlapping rectangles. The main section of the house contains three steeply-pitched roofs sections: a large, hipped central section with two lower gabled portions which intersect. A large wrap-around porch runs across the front of the house and encircles about half of the main floor; a second, smaller porch is in the rear. The brickwork is laid in stretcher courses through most of the house. At the top of doors and windows, bricks are laid in decorative patterns to form hoods. More decorative brickwork is located under the second story eaves.
The house has six exterior doorways, some opening onto the porch. The first and second story windows are one-over-one wood sash and frame unit with stone sills. The third floor windows, located in the gable ends, have been replaced. The gable ends are clad with fishscale shingling.
# 1912–13 Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball team

The 1912–13 Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball team represented Niagara University during the 1912–13 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was A.V. Barrett, coaching his second season with the Purple Eagles.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| | Rochester YMCA | W 86–20 | 1–0 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Buffalo Germans | L 14–60 | 1–1 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Brooklyn Polytech | L 21–22 | 1–2 | Lewiston, NY |
| 1/7/1913 | St. John's | L 26–29 | 1–3 | Queens, NY |
| 12/12/1911 | Manhattan | L 22–24 | 1–4 | Lewiston, NY |
| | St. Vincent's Lyceum | W 50–30 | 2–4 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Manhattan | W 41–23 | 3–4 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Clarkson Tech. | W 54–31 | 4–4 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Oswego Herkimers | L 26–48 | 4–5 | Lewiston, NY |
| 1/31/1913 | Gettysburg | W 55–17 | 5–5 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Pastime Club | W 32–12 | 6–5 | Lewiston, NY |
| | St. Brigid's Club | W 26–21 | 7–5 | Lewiston, NY |
| 2/9/1913 | St. John's | L 30–31 | 7–6 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Potsdam Normal | L 33–45 | 7–7 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Clarkson Tech | L 30–33 | 7–8 | Lewiston, NY |
| | vs. St. Lawrence | L 12–31 | 7–9 | Lewiston, NY |
| | Pittsburgh Collegians | W 58–25 | 8–9 | Lewiston, NY |
| 3/3/1913 | Syracuse | L 23–58 | 8–10 | Lewiston, NY |
| | St. Brigid's Club | W 48–28 | 9–10 | Lewiston, NY |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Rafael Gómez Nieto

Rafael Gómez Nieto (21 January 1921 – 31 March 2020) was a Spanish soldier and veteran of the Spanish Civil War and World War II.

## Biography

Born in Adra, Almería (Spain), Gómez Nieto moved to Badalona, where he was called up to the "Lleva del Biberó" and fought for the Spanish Republican Army in the Battle of the Ebro (July–November 1938).
After the war, he went to France where he was interned in the Saint-Cyprien camp. Four months later he was able to reach Algeria with his father, who was in the Argelés internment camp. After the invasion of North Africa by the Allies during World War II, he became part of the 9th Company (La Nueve) of the French 2nd Armored Division. This company, made up predominantly of Spanish Republicans, was the first Allied military unit that entered Paris after its occupation by the Wehrmacht. 146 of the 160 men in the company were Spaniards. Only a dozen survived the war.
Gómez Nieto died on 31 March 2020, at a nursing home in Strasbourg, France, from COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic. He had lived in that city since 1955. He was the last living survivor of La Nueve.
# Jean-Marc Montera

Jean-Marc Montera is a French guitarist, mainly active in the experimental music scene. Besides being active as a musician, he's also the director of the organisation GRIM, that organises concerts, festivals, workshops and artist in residence projects in Marseille.
Montera is active as a player since the 70s and has done collaborations with artists like Fred Frith, André Jaume, Barre Phillips, Yves Robert, Loren Mazzacane Connors, Thurston Moore, Lee Ranaldo, Louis Sclavis, Hifiklub, Michel Doneda. And in the theater, dance and visual art scenes with people like Sarah Kane, Biljana Srbljanović, Jean-Claude Berutti, Odile Duboc, Sandy Amerio. In 1978 he raised the organisation GRIM (Groupe de recherche et d'improvisation musicales, roughly translated: Group of Search and Musical Improvisation) of which is the director up until present time.
In 2001 he started an ensemble Treatise de Cornelius Cardew with Chris Cutler (ex-Henry Cow), Thomas Lehn and Hélène Breschand. In 2006 he performed in a guitar trio with Noël Akchoté and Jean-François Pauvros.

## Discography (incomplete)

* Naxos (with Barre Phillips und Claudia Phillips), 1987
* Tavagna Group with André Jaume and Rémi Charmasson: Piazza di Luna, 1989
* Unlike, 1990
* Paolo Daminani Ensemble: Song tong, 1991
* HumaNoise congress, 1992
* Christine Wodrascka Quartet: Transkei, 1994
* Hang Around Shout, 1995 (live);
* Gianni Gebbia, Miriam Palma, Vittorio Villa: Terra arsa, 1996
* Improvvisazioni Quartetto (with Mike Cooper, Mauro Orselli and Eugenio Sanna), 1997
* Smiles from Jupiter, Soloalbum, 1998
* King Übü Örchestrü: Trigger zone, 1998
* MMMR, 1998 (with Lee Ranaldo, Thurston Moore, Loren Mazzacane Connors);
* NOT, 1999 (with Érik M and Michel Doneda);
* Smiles From Jupiter, 2000
* Roman, 2004 (with Louis Sclavis);
* L'Hôtesse (with Sandy Amerio)

### Other contributions

* Fred Frith and François-Michel Pesenti: Helter Skelter (1992)
* Fred Frith: Stone, Brick, Glass, Wood, Wire (1999)

## Soundtrack for movie

* 2010 : Alter ego, film by Jérôme Nunes.

## Sources and references

* bio on Allmusic
* ↑ www.answers.com
* ↑ www.amazon.com
* ↑ www.actuellecd.com
* ↑ "www.churchofgrob.com". Archived from the original on 2010-09-04. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
* ↑ www.fmp-label.de
# Teisenberg

Teisenberg is a mountain in Bavaria located between the villages Inzell, Anger and Teisendorf. It's the northernmost thousand-metre peak in the German Alps and belongs to the Chiemgau Alps. It offers a view of the Northern Limestone Alps, which tower over it here by about 500 metres in altitude. Below the summit at an altitude of 1270 m is the Stoißer Alm, popular among hikers and mountain bikers. It is open all year round. Also located on the Teisenberg is the Bäcker Alm at 1067 m above sea level, which is open from May to October.
Routes:
Five routes to the Teisenberg are supervised by the DAV section Teisendorf. The summit can be reached in 1½ - 2 hours.
Feilenreit - large tiled stone - Schneid
Seiberstadt - shortest way to Stoißer Alm / summit
Neukirchen/Lochmühle - joins the trail from Seiberstadt at 1000 m.
Hub - possible via Achterhütte or Schneid
Numerous smaller paths and forest roads offer the possibility to determine your own tours. Other well-known trails are the Klostersteig and the Zickzackweg.
# Jean Duprat (politician, born 1936)

Jean Duprat (12 November 1936, Lannemezan – 26 April 2018) was a French politician.
He was a member of the Radical Party of the Left and began his political career as a member of the Tarbes municipal council serving from 1977 to 2001. In 1981, Duprat was named to the National Assembly in place of François Abadie. He served until 1986, and was later elected to the Barbazan-Dessus municipal council, between 2001 and 2014.
# Mangutti

Mangutti is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Hukeri taluk of Belgaum district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

At the 2001 India census, Mangutti had a population of 6,136 with 2,947 males and 3,189 females.
# Mappa

Mappa may refer to:
* Mappa (genus), a large genus of Old World tropical trees
* MAPPA, a Japanese animation studio
* Mappa Hall, a historic home in Oneida County, New York, owned by Adam Gerard Mappa a Dutch patriot
* Mappa mundi, Medieval European maps of the world
* Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement, arrangements in England and Wales for the management of sexual and violent offenders
* Mappa (Roman), the flag used by Roman consuls to start the horse races at the Ancient Roman hippodrome
# Javier de Bengoechea

Javier de Bengoechea (20 August 1919 – 12 April 2009) was a Spanish poet. He was born in Bilbao, Spain. He won the Adonais Prize in 1955 with Hombre en forma de elegía (Man in the Form of an Elegy). Other works of the author are Habitada claridad (Clear Habitat, 1951), Fiesta nacional (Public Holiday, 1951) and Pinturas y escrituras (Painting and Writings, 1994).
# Tele-rugby

Tele-rugby (2003) is a 10-minute video art project created by Genco Gulan. The film features two female teams inside a swimming pool, fighting each other over a television, and pushing the television around. Tele-rugby was presented in Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro.
Tele-rugby is filmed underwater with professional swimmers. Despite what the title may suggest Tele-rugby is not about a sports match but it is about a love and hate relationship with media and especially TV. It depicts the fight for the screen in a new environment.
# Javrezac

Javrezac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.
# Marbled mountain catfish

The marbled mountain catfish (Amphilius jacksonii) is a species of fish in the family Amphiliidae. It is found in Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is rivers.
# Peltigera retifoveata

Peltigera retifoveata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in Scandinavia, western Eurasia and western North America, where it grows on the ground and amongst mosses.

## Taxonomy

Because of its tomentose thallus surface texure, Peltigera retifoveata is a member of the species complex centred around Peltigera canina. It was formally described as a new species in 1985 by the Finnish lichenologist Orvo Vitikainen. The type specimen was collected by Vitikainen from Juuma (Kuusamo, Finland) at an elevation of 180 m (590 ft), where it was found growing on the ground among mosses. One vernacular name used in North America is "sponge pelt".

## Description

The thallus of P. retifoveata grows up to about 20 cm (8 in) in diameter, comprising individual lobes that are about 10 cm (4 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide. The thallus surface is thickly tomentose near the margins, but becomes smoother (glabrous near the centre. The thallus underside features thick, pale, tomentose veins, with white and pit-like interstices. The rhizines (root-like attachment structures) are dark brown to black and up to about 7 long; they are typically either unbranched or grouped in bundles. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are 5–7 mm in diameter with margins turned upward.

## Habitat and distribution

Peltigera retifoveata has a circumpolar distribution. Although originally described from Finnish collections, it is uncommon in Europe, having been recorded from only a few locations in Scandinavia. There are also records from the Russian Far East and Siberia. The lichen is more common in northern North America, with a range extending from subarctic regions (Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories, and including several western Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba. The southern extent of its North American range reaches Washington. It grows on the ground, and amongst or on top of mosses in boreal forests; in Alaska, it has been found growing in moist tundra. Associated mosses include Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium sklendens, Ptilium crista-castrensis, and species of Dicranum. Other lichen species that are often found with Peltigera retifoveata are its relatives P. aphthosa, P. leucophlebia, and P. canina.
# Inhamitanga

Inhamitanga is a town in Cheringoma District in Sofala Province of Mozambique.

## Transport

It is served by a station on the Mozambique Railway system, where it is a junction.
Inhamitanga is connected by an unpaved road R1002 with Chupanga.
# Inhangapi

Inhangapi is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.
# The Silence Before Bach

The Silence Before Bach, originally titled Die Stille vor Bach, is a 2007 Spanish musical drama film co-written and directed by Pere Portabella about the life and works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
The film premiered in the Orizzonti section of the 64th edition of the Venice Film Festival.

## Cast

* Àlex Brendemühl as the truck driver
* Christian Brembeck as J. S. Bach
* Féodor Atkine as the piano seller
* George-Christoph Biller as the cantor of St. Thomas
* Georgina Cardona as the cellist
* Lucien Dekoster as the piano tuner
* Beatriz Ferrer-Salat as the Amazon
* Fanny Silvestre as Anna Magdalena Bach
* Daniel Ligorio as Felix Mendelssohn
* Lina Lambert as Mendelssohn's mother

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 84% approval rating based on 19 reviews.
# Penwortham Old Bridge

Penwortham Old Bridge is a toll-free, five-span bridge over the River Ribble at Preston, Lancashire, England. A Grade II listed structure and a scheduled monument, located about a mile southwest of the centre of the city, it crosses the river to Penwortham. Today the bridge no longer carries motorised traffic.
The original attempt to build a bridge here was completed in 1755, but collapsed the following year.
The bridge is built in stone and consists of five unequal segmental arches, rising toward the centre. The cutwaters rise to form refuges at the sides of the carriageway. The spandrels are of red sandstone. The parapets curve to form walls on the south side, extending approximately 40 metres (130 ft) eastwards and 130 metres (430 ft) westwards.
The largest arch is the central one at 18.19 metres (59.7 ft) across and the cobbled carriageway is 5.49 metres (18.0 ft) wide. On the northern side a sixth arch, aligned almost at a right angle to the main part of the bridge, carries the approach road from the west. Opening in 1759, until the early 20th century this was lowest bridged crossing over the Ribble. Its costs have at times been funded by a toll.
The bridge was Grade II listed in two stages, the part at the southern end (then within the Preston Rural District) on 1 October 1962, and remaining part (in Preston) on 27 September 1979. It has also been listed as a scheduled monument.