OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toich v Magistrate, Riversdale

In Toich v Magistrate, Riversdale (2007), an important case in South African criminal procedure, Toich's home was searched on two occasions by the police, who were purportedly acting in terms of valid search warrants. Various items and sums of cash were seized.
Toich sought an order for the return of the property seized under both warrants, and for the setting aside of the second warrant.
The court held that the first warrant authorized a search of a certain farm, and not of the applicant's house, which was on an entirely different property. Accordingly, the search of her house had been unauthorized and unlawful, as had been the seizure of her property. Moreover, hardly any of the property seized had been specified in the warrant. In consequence, the applicant was entitled to the return of all the seized items.
Regarding the second warrant, the court found that the police officer had applied to the magistrate for a warrant on the grounds:
* that the Asset Forfeiture Unit had ordered the seizure of certain cash known or suspected to be in the applicant's possession;
* that the possibility existed that cash had been generated from the commission of crimes; and
* that, despite an undertaking to do so, the applicant had failed to account to the police for the source of the money.
The court held that it was clear that the only document relied upon by the police officer in her application for the warrant was her own undated and unattested "affidavit." Given that there had been no viva voce evidence, and given that the "affidavit" had not been attested, there had been no information of any kind placed before the magistrate on oath; he had had no power, therefore, under section 21(1)(a) of the CPA, to authorize the issue of the second warrant; it was accordingly invalid.
Furthermore, the court found that the authorities were clear that the validity of a search warrant was to be examined with a jealous regard for the subject's rights to privacy and property.
In addition, the magistrate or justice of the peace, in authorizing the warrant, must be satisfied by information on oath only that the article to be searched for and seized was under the control or in the possession of a specified person, or was at a specified premises within his or her jurisdiction.
The terms of the warrant were to be construed with reasonable strictness. It should ordinarily be read in the terms in which it was expressed.
There must be reasonable grounds, therefore, for believing that the article sought might afford evidence of an offense, but in the instant case the court held that no such grounds had been advanced to the magistrate. He could consequently not have harbored such a belief.
It followed that he had not properly applied his mind when issuing the warrant, and that it was invalid.
# Scopula aspilataria

Scopula aspilataria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## Description

The wingspan is about 22 millimetres (0.87 in). The male is creamy colored with blackish frons. Wings irrorated (sprinkled) with a few black scales. Forewings with antemedial, and both wings with medial, postmedial, submarginal, and marginal very slightly waved bands of a darker tint than the ground color. A series of minute marginal black specks can be seen.
# Kim Mi-young (taekwondo)

Kim Mi-young is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.
She won a gold medal in welterweight at the 1993 World Taekwondo Championships in New York City. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Asian Taekwondo Championships.
# Robin Brims

Lieutenant General Robin Vaughan Brims, CB, CBE, DSO, DL (born 27 June 1951) is a retired British Army officer. He was Commander of the Field Army at Land Command from 2005 to 2007.

## Early life

Brims was born and grew up in Newcastle upon Tyne. He was educated at Winchester College.

## Military career

Brims was commissioned into The Light Infantry in 1970. After various military appointments, he took command of the 3rd Battalion The Light Infantry in 1989. He then took up an appointment at the Ministry of Defence, before taking command of 24 Airmobile Brigade in December 1994. He deployed to Bosnia as part of the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps the following year.
Brims went on to be Chief of Staff at Headquarters Northern Ireland in November 1996 and then Director of Plans & Resources in January 1999. He was appointed Commander of the Multi-National Division (South-West) in Bosnia in 2000, after which he became General Officer Commanding 1st (UK) Armoured Division in November 2000, deploying to Iraq in 2003. For his service in Iraq he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. He became Deputy Chief of Operations at Permanent Joint Headquarters, Northwood, before being deployed as Senior British Military Representative and Deputy Commanding General, Multinational Force, Iraq in April 2005. He became Commander of the Field Army later that year and retired from active duty in January 2008.

## Later life

Brims is a Deputy Lieutenant of Tyne and Wear and, in 2017, was High Sheriff of Tyne and Wear.
In October 2021, he was elected a member of the General Synod of the Church of England.
# Enchytraeus

The genus Enchytraeus includes about 40 species of annelid worms. The term white worm is often used for all of the species in general, but specifically it is E. albidus which is named the white worm. This species is used as fish food by aquarium enthusiasts. E. buchholzi is known as the Grindal worm. It was named for the Swedish fish breeder that first raised the worm to feed her fish.
Some species are terrestrial, some semi-aquatic, and others marine. Some can be found in brackish water or on beaches. Several of these species lack sex organs and reproduce by fragmenting, notably E. fragmentosus, which gets its name from this characteristic.
Species include:
* Enchytraeus albidus ("White worms")
* Enchytraeus buchholzi ("Grindal worms")
* Enchytraeus capitatus
* Enchytraeus citrinus
* Enchytraeus fragmentosus
* Enchytraeus japonensis
* Enchytraeus kincaidi
* Enchytraeus lacteus
* Enchytraeus liefdeensis
* Enchytraeus minutus
* Enchytraeus multiannulatoides
* Enchytraeus multiannulatus
* Enchytraeus rupus
* Enchytraeus saxicola
* Enchytraeus variatus
# Luchtmacht

Luchtmacht may refer to:
* Belgian Air Force
* Royal Netherlands Air Force
# Senegalite

Senegalite is a rare aluminum phosphate. It is a hydrated hydroxy phosphate of aluminum. It is named after Senegal, the country in which it was first found to occur.
The molecular structure of the phosphate mineral senegalite is Al $_2$(PO $_4$)(OH) $_3$⋅3H $_2$O.
# List of rivers of Maluku (province)

List of rivers flowing in the province of Maluku, Indonesia:

## In alphabetical order

* Eti River
* Kawa River
* Masiwang River
* Sapalewa River
* Salawai River
* Sikula River
* Tala River
* Waeapo River

## By Island
### Ambon

* Sikula

### Buru

* Waeapo

### Seram

* Eti
* Kawa
* Masiwang
* Sapalewa
* Salawai
* Tala
# Literalism

Literalism may refer to:
* Biblical literalism, a term used differently by different authors concerning biblical interpretation
* Qur'anic literalism, see Bi-la kaifa
* The principle of aiming at a literal translation
* Literalism (art), a style of visual art and literature that shows subject in straightforward manner, without hinting at hidden meaning, usually associated with minimalism
** Literalism (music), a method of composing music
* Strict constructionism (constitutional literalism)
# Tolna sypnoides

Tolna sypnoides is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878. It is found in Nigeria Sierra Leone, Ghana and South Africa, as well as in Madagascar and other islands of the Indian Ocean. They have a wingspan of around 70 mm.
The caterpillars of Tolna sypnoides feed on mango trees (Mangifera indica), Schinus terebinthifolius, both of the family of Anacardiaceae and Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae).

## Gallery

* Male
* Female
# Leslie Milne (field hockey)

Leslie Woods Milne (born October 17, 1956, in Framingham, Massachusetts) is a former field hockey player from the United States, who was a member of the national team that won the bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She had previously qualified for the 1980 Olympic team but did not compete due to the Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. As consolation, she was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal many years later.
# Kim Michele Richardson

Kim Michele Richardson is an American writer.
As a child Richardson was placed in a rural Kentucky orphanage, Saint Thomas-Saint Vincent Orphan Asylum. In 2004, she and her sisters, along with 40 other plaintiffs who had lived in the institution run by the Sisters of Charity order and the Roman Catholic Church sued for damages suffered through alleged years of abuse by their caretakers between the 1930s to the 1970s. Richardson recounted her experiences at the orphanage during the 1960s and 1970s in her memoir The Unbreakable Child.
In May 2024, Richardson was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humanities (L.H.D) degree by Eastern Kentucky University for "distinguished service to arts and culture".
# John H. Hamilton

John H. Hamilton may refer to:
* John H. Hamilton Jr. (1919–1986), member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
* J. H. Hamilton, Negro league infielder in the 1920s
# 12 Songs of Christmas (Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, and Fred Waring album)

12 Songs of Christmas is a 1964 album of Christmas music by Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, and Fred Waring's Pennsylvanians. The singers previously collaborated on the album America, I Hear You Singing, which was released earlier the same year. The album was reissued as White Christmas on by WEA budget label Midi in 1973.
While the album has never been reissued on a standalone CD, Reprise Records included it in a special 2-CD "Christmas edition" of their Frank Sinatra compilation Nothing but the Best in 2008.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Record Mirror | |
In the US, Variety received the album favorably. "This is an attractive compilation of seasonal standards delivered in standout style by Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra, singly and in tandem, with the polished support of Fred Waring's Pennsylvanians. Among the top sides in this set are "Go Tell It on the Mountain," "The Little Drummer Boy," "I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day" and "The 12 Days of Christmas."
Gramophone in the UK was not so keen, commenting: "'12 Songs of Christmas,' with Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians (Reprise FS 2022). Plenty of expensive talent crammed uncomfortably into a small, well-worn stocking. Obvious, pallid stuff, with the two head groaners actually together on only two tracks, and neither of them anywhere in particularly good voice. Collectors of sheer corn may take a perverse delight in an item called 'We Wish You the Merriest.'"

## Personnel

* Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians (Tracks 1, 5, 8, 10)
* Bing Crosby and Fred Waring (Tracks 2, 9, 11)
* Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring (Track 3, 12)
* Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring (Track 4, 6, 7)
# List of public transport routes numbered 8

In public transport, Route 8 may refer to:
* Route 8 (MTA Maryland), a bus route in Baltimore, Maryland and its suburbs
* Barcelona Metro line 8
* Line 8 (Madrid Metro)
* NWFB Route 8, a bus route in Hong Kong
* London Buses route 8
* Seoul Subway Line 8
* Melbourne tram route 8, ceased April 2017
# MAP4K3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K3 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase family. The encoded protein activates key effectors in cell signalling, among them c-Jun. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene.
# Lozotaeniodes

Lozotaeniodes is a genus of moths in the tribe Archipini.

## Species

* Lozotaeniodes brusseauxi (Gibeaux, 1999)
* Lozotaeniodes cupressana (Duponchel, in Godart, 1836)
* Lozotaeniodes formosana (Frolich, in Geyer & Hübner, 1830)
# 1945 Jos riots

The 1945 Jos riots were a series of ethnic conflicts which occurred in the city of Jos, located in Plateau State, Nigeria, between ethnic Igbos and Hausa-Fulani.
The 1945 Jos riots were fueled by a combination of factors, including competition for political power, economic resources, and disputes over land and religious differences. The conflicts have mainly been between the predominantly Muslim Hausa-Fulani ethnic group and the predominantly Christian Igbo ethnic group, although other groups have also been involved.

## Misconceptions

Contrary to popular beliefs the 1945 Jos riots was a potato market riot, and not a massacre or religious war. Though the death toll is unknown, multiple reports put the figure of not more than two people dying.
# Scipione affricano

Scipione affricano (Scipio Africanus) is an opera in a prologue and three acts by Francesco Cavalli. It was designated as a dramma per musica. The Italian libretto was by Nicolò Minato, based on Livy's "The Continence of Scipio".

## Performance history

It was first performed in Venice at the Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo on 9 February 1664. It was also given in Rome in 1671 with the castrato Giovanni Francesco Grossi as a celebrated Siface. Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani produced a greatly revised version of the opera for the Carnival of Venice in 1678.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 9 February 1664 |
| Asdrubale | tenor | |
| Ericlea | soprano | |
| Luceio | soprano | |
| Polinio | soprano | |
| Siface | alto castrato | Giovanni Francesco Grossi |
| Massanissa | bass | |
| Sofonisba | soprano | |

## Recordings

* Atto III Scena 3: "A tuo dispetto amor" Cappella Mediterranea, Leonardo García Alarcón, Clematis, Thomas Dunford 2014
* "Hora si ch'assai più fiero" Filippo Mineccia (counter-tenor) Nereydas Javier Ulises Illán Glossa 2018
# Stokes Mountain

Stokes Mountain is the highest mountain of the Stokes Range and of Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. It also has a topographic prominence of 412 m (1,352 ft), greater than any other mountain in the Stokes Range.
# John Huntingdon

John Huntingdon may refer to:
* John Huntingdon (preacher)
* John Huntingdon (MP) for Stafford (UK Parliament constituency)
* John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
* John Holand, Earl of Huntingdon
# Todros Todrosi

Todros ben Meshullam ben David or Todros Todrosi (born 1313) was a Jewish translator from Arles, France who lived in the early fourteenth century. He translated various Arabic works of Muslim authors into Hebrew, including works of Al-Farabi, Avicenna's Kitab al-Najat and multiple works by Averroes.

## Citation

* ↑ "Todros ben Meshullam ben David (1313-13..)".
* ↑ Jacobs & Broydé 1906, pp. 173–174.
# Luchtvaartdienst Suriname

The Luchtvaartdienst Suriname is the Civil Aviation Department of the Suriname Ministry of Transport, Communication and Tourism. It is responsible for the regulation of all aviation activities in the country, and ensures that all activities are carried out in compliance with international standards. It is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
In April 2010, John Veira, the head of Luchtvaartdienst Suriname, was killed in his home by gunmen.

## Airports and Airstrips

Luchtvaartdienst Suriname operates the following domestic airports and airstrips:
* Major Henk Fernandes Airport
* Vincent Fayks Airport
* Washabo Airport
* Afobaka Airstrip
* Alalapadu Airstrip
* Albina Airstrip
* Amatopo Airstrip
* Apetina Airstrip
* Avanavero Airstrip
* Bakhuys Airstrip
* Botopasi Airstrip
* Cabana Airstrip
* Cayana Airstrip
* Coeroenie Airstrip
* Djumu Airstrip
* Donderskamp Airstrip
* Drietabbetje Airstrip
* Gakaba Airstrip
* Godo Holo Airstrip
* Gross Rosebel Airstrip
* Jarikaba Airstrip
* Kabalebo Airstrip
* Kayser Airstrip
* Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip
* Laduani Airstrip
* Langatabbetje Airstrip
* Lawa Anapaike Airstrip
* Lawa Antino Airstrip
* Lawa Cottica Airstrip
* Lawa Tabiki Airstrip
* Lelygebergte Airstrip
* Moengo Airstrip
* Njoeng Jacob Kondre Airstrip
* Oelemari Airport
* Poeketi Airstrip
* Poesoegroenoe Airstrip
* Ragoebarsing Airstrip
* Raleigh Airstrip
* Sarakreek Airstrip
* Sipaliwini Airstrip
* Stoelmans Eiland Airstrip
* Tafelberg Airstrip
* Tepoe Airstrip
* Totness Airstrip
* Vier Gebroeders Airstrip
* Wageningen Airstrip
# "Cochranella" riveroi

"Cochranella" riveroi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Cerro Aracamuni, Venezuela. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain (incertae sedis ).

## Taxonomy and systematics

This species was originally described as Centrolenella riveroi. However, most subsequent studies have placed it in the genus Cochranella. A study published in 2002 suggested that it belongs to the Cochranella spinosa group. However, morphological data do not allow unambiguous generic placement. With no molecular data available, it is—for the time being—retained in Cochranella.

## Description

Two adult males measured 21.6 and 22.1 mm (0.85 and 0.87 in) while a single female measured 25.0 mm (0.98 in) in snout–vent length; the female had 21 eggs 2.3–2.5 mm (0.091–0.098 in) in diameter in her ovaries. The tympanum is visible. The fingers are slightly webbed and the toes moderately webbed. The dorsal skin is strongly granular. The coloration of living specimens is unknown.

## Habitat and conservation

The type series was collected from terrestrial bromeliads at the summit of Cerro Aracamuni at about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level. The vegetation at the summit is mostly low (<1 m), with forested areas in depressions and along streams.
There are no known threats to this species, although its small range makes it vulnerable (Cerro Aracamuni is a tepui with a relatively small summit). It occurs in the Serranía de la Neblina National Park.
# Joseph Plateau Award

A Joseph Plateau Award was an accolade presented by the Flanders International Film Festival Ghent, first awarded in 1985. The awards were given in several categories to honor cinematic achievements in the film industry. They were restricted to Belgian cinema and Belgian producers, directors, and actors. The name of the award comes from the physicist Joseph Plateau (1801–1883). They were considered to be the Belgian equivalent to the Academy Awards of the United States.
The awards ceremony was held in conjunction with the Flanders International Film Festival Ghent, which initially co-founded the event. The last award ceremony was held on March 7, 2006. Since then, two separate awards were established in Belgium in 2010: the Flemish Film Awards, named Ensor Awards, which are presented each year on the final day of the Ostend Film Festival; and the Magritte Awards, which were established by the Académie André Delvaux to recognize cinematic achievement in the francophone film industry.
# Shock (fluid dynamics)

Shock is an abrupt discontinuity in the flow field and it occurs in flows when the local flow speed exceeds the local sound speed. More specifically, it is a flow whose Mach number exceeds 1.

## Explanation of phenomena

Shock is formed due to coalescence of various small pressure pulses. Sound waves are pressure waves and it is at the speed of the sound wave the disturbances are communicated in the medium. When an object is moving in a flow field the object sends out disturbances which propagate at the speed of sound and adjusts the remaining flow field accordingly. However, if the object itself happens to travel at speed greater than sound, then the disturbances created by the object would not have traveled and communicated to the rest of the flow field and this results in an abrupt change of property, which is termed as shock in gas dynamics terminology.
Shocks are characterized by discontinuous changes in flow properties such as velocity, pressure, temperature, etc. Typically, shock thickness is of a few mean free paths (of the order of 10$^{−8}$ m). Shocks are irreversible occurrences in supersonic flows (i.e. the entropy increases).

## Normal shock formulas

    $\mathbf {T_{02}} =\mathbf {T_{01}}$
    $M_{2}=({\frac {{\frac {2}{\gamma -1}}+{M_{1}}^{2}}{{\frac {2\gamma }{\gamma -1}}{M_{1}}^{2}-1}})^{0.5}$
    ${\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}={\frac {1+\gamma M_{1}^{2}}{1+\gamma M_{2}^{2}}}={\frac {2\gamma }{\gamma +1}}M_{1}^{2}-{\frac {\gamma -1}{\gamma +1}}$
    ${\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {1+{\frac {\gamma -1}{2}}M_{1}^{2}}{1+{\frac {\gamma -1}{2}}M_{2}^{2}}}={\frac {(1+{\frac {\gamma -1}{2}}M_{1}^{2})({\frac {2\gamma }{\gamma -1}}M_{1}^{2}-1)}{\frac {(\gamma +1)^{2}M_{1}^{2}}{2(\gamma -1)}}}$
    ${\frac {a_{2}}{a_{1}}}={({\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}})}^{0.5}$
    ${\frac {\rho _{2}}{\rho _{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}{\frac {T_{1}}{T_{2}}}$
    ${\frac {p_{01}}{p_{1}}}=(1+{\frac {\gamma -1}{2}}M_{1}^{2})^{\frac {\gamma }{\gamma -1}}$
    ${\frac {p_{02}}{p_{2}}}=(1+{\frac {\gamma -1}{2}}M_{2}^{2})^{\frac {\gamma }{\gamma -1}}$
Where, the index 1 refers to upstream properties, and the index 2 refers to down stream properties. The subscript 0 refers to total or stagnation properties. T is temperature, M is the mach number, P is pressure, ρ is density, and γ is the ratio of specific heats.
# Scopula elwesi

Scopula elwesi is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Russia.
# Lothar, Nepal

Lothar is a village development committee in Chitwan District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,425 people living in 364 individual households.
# Rocourt, Vosges

Rocourt (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Tollaincourt.
# The Barefoot Boy

"The Barefoot Boy" is a poem written by American Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier. The poem was first published in The Little Pilgrim in January 1855.

## Overview

The poem is about a barefoot boy who is both innocent and connected to nature. Nature and innocence are both compared to the world of adults, in which adults have to try to stand out in endless struggles to stand out. The boy is barefoot because the shoes are used to symbolize being further away from nature. In one of the verses, a man is referred to as a republican while the boy is referred to as a prince. The poet explains that the man has money while the boy has the world of learning. The poem celebrates a humble, plain person, much as Whittier's contemporary Henry Wadsworth Longfellow does in his earlier poem "The Village Blacksmith". Modern scholar Karen L. Kilcup notes that "The Barefoot Boy" confirmed Whittier as a poet interested in idyllic rural life. Angela Sorby notes the poem is "a late-romantic dialogue between a corrupted adult speaker and his uncorrupted younger self".

## Reception

Cornelius Conway Felton, a Greek professor at Harvard College, was personally moved by the poem. As he wrote in a letter to Whittier dated June 26, 1856, "The sensations and memories it called up were delicious as a shower in summer afternoon; and I forgot the intervening years, forgot Latin and Greek — forgot boots and shoes and long-tailed and broad-tailed coats — and revelled again in the days and delights of jacket-hood, torn hat-hood and barefoot-hood."
# Soyulan

Soyulan (also, Söylən) is a village and municipality in the Tartar Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 431.
# Limbo (2010 film)

Limbo is a Norwegian drama film, written and directed by Maria Sødahl.
The movie takes place in the 1970s and depicts a so-called expatriate-group at Trinidad, associated with the oil industry.