OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jackson McDonald

Jackson C. McDonald (born 1956) is a former United States diplomat and a career officer of the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as the Ambassador to Guinea 2004–2007. From 2001 to 2004, he served as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Gambia.
McDonald studied at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, the Institut d'études politiques in Paris (best known as Sciences Po), and the École nationale d'administration in Paris. He began his career in the U.S. Foreign Service in 1980 as third secretary and vice consul at the American embassy in Dhaka, Bangladesh. From 1982 to 1984, he served as country officer for Bangladesh at the U.S. Department of State. In 1984, he volunteered for duty at the American embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, where he served as second secretary for political affairs for two years.
After a year of Russian-language training, McDonald served as first secretary for political affairs at the American embassy in Moscow, the Soviet Union, from 1990 to 1991. In early 1992, he volunteered to open the American embassy in Almaty, Kazakhstan, where he served first as chargé d'affaires then as deputy chief of mission until 1994. From 1994 to 1997, McDonald served as consul general in Marseille, France, with dual accreditation to the Principality of Monaco.
After graduating from the U.S. Department of State's Senior Seminar in 1998, he was assigned as deputy chief of mission at the American embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. In October 2001, he was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Gambia, a post he held until May 2004 before being appointed to his ambassadorial post in Guinea.
From 2007 to 2009, McDonald served as senior advisor for security negotiations and agreements at the U.S. Department of State in Washington. In that capacity, he served as the U.S. Government's chief negotiator for political-military agreements with foreign governments to support the stationing and deployment of U.S. military personnel overseas. From 2009 to 2010, he held the State Department Chair on the faculty of the National Defense Intelligence College, before being appointed as the first-ever foreign policy advisor to the Commander of U.S. Cyber Command.
In 2011, McDonald retired from the U.S. Foreign Service and pursued his lifelong interest in foreign affairs as a consultant. He is executive vice president of Jefferson Waterman International, an international political and business advisory firm in Washington, D.C.
McDonald speaks French and Russian. He has received the U.S. Department of State's Superior Honor Award six times as well as the Presidential Performance Award. He is an officer (honorary) in the National Order of the Republic of the Gambia.
McDonald was born in Florida.
# Nahdi

Nahdi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bassam Abdullah bin Bushar al-Nahdi (born 1976 in Saudi Arabia, identified as a Yemeni citizen), suspected terrorist
* Sulaiman al-Nahdi (born 1974), a citizen of Yemen who held without charge in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camp, in Cuba, from 2002 until 2015
# Nahda College

Nahda College is an educational institution founded in 2014 and based in the city of Khartoum, Sudan.
# Maurice Cooper

Captain Maurice Lea Cooper DFC (18 December 1898 – 2 October 1918) was an Irish World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

## Early life and background

Cooper was born in Dublin, Ireland, the only son of John Hall Cooper, an Irish Presbyterian, and Gertrude Lea Cooper, an English Quaker. He had two sisters; Norah Lea and Joyce. He was educated in Dublin, and later at Bootham School, York, England.

## World War I

Cooper joined the Royal Naval Air Service on 29 April 1917, received Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate No. 5024 on 16 July, and was commissioned as a flight sub-lieutenant on 29 July.
He was posted to No. 13 (Naval) Squadron to fly the Sopwith Camel single seat fighter. He destroyed an enemy two-seater on 5 December 1917, aided by fellow aces John Pinder, George Chisholm MacKay, and John Paynter. On 29 January 1918, aided by MacKay, Paynter, John Edmund Greene, and Leonard Slatter, he destroyed a seaplane. On 12 March 1918, Cooper shared another victory with Greene, MacKay, and another pilot. On 1 April, Cooper flamed a German two-seater seaplane at Zeebrugge, killing M. R. Behrendt and D. R. Hauptvogel. On 3 June, in the King's Birthday Honours he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, and on 3 July he was appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain. On 7 July, he, Charles Sims, and four other pilots drove down an Albatros D.V. On 30 July 1918, he drove down another D.V at Bruges. That made his tally four enemy aircraft destroyed, three of which were shared wins, and two driven down out of control, one of which was shared.
On 2 October 1918, while bombing an enemy troop train, his aircraft was hit by ground fire and he died in the crash near Gitsberg, Belgium. He is buried in Dadizeele New British Cemetery, Moorslede, West Flanders. He is remembered on his mother's tombstone in Mount Jerome Cemetery and Crematorium.
# Policy measures of the European Union

The European Union uses a range of legal instruments to implement policy, varied across two major decision-making processes co-decision and cooperation procedure.

## Green Paper

Green Papers are usually used to launch a consultation process. They present Commission policy orientations for debate to interested parties who may wish to comment. The Commission will generally prepare a subsequent proposal.

## White Paper

White Papers communicate a decided Commission policy or approach on a particular issue. They are chiefly intended as statements of Commission policy, rather than a consultation or starting point for debate.

## Communication

Communications usually set out a Commission action plan (may include concrete proposals for legislation).

## Regulation

Regulations, once approved, are immediately applicable and binding in all EU member states. No legislation is required at a national government level.

## Directive

Directives occur when a decision at an EU level is used to direct member state governments on what to do. Directives specify the results to be achieved and the deadline within which to achieve them, but form and methods of implementation are left at the discretion of member states.

## Recommendation

Recommendations are similar in structure to Directives but they do not hold any legal obligation. There are often described as soft law, and the Commission has been accused of using Recommendations to avoid lengthy and politically sensitive consultations.

## Decision

Decisions (by Council or Commission) apply specifically to one or more member states and are directly binding.
# John O'Connor (Lord Mayor of Dublin)

John O'Connor (c. 1835 – 12 January 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who was elected in 1885 as Lord Mayor of Dublin and also as a Member of Parliament (MP) for South Kerry.
O'Connor was the son of a farmer at Staplestown, County Kildare, and owned several public houses. He married the daughter of a pawnbroker, a Mr White. He was an alderman of Dublin Corporation and Lord Mayor in 1885.
At the general election in December 1885 he won the newly created South Kerry constituency for the Irish Parliamentary Party by more than 20 to 1 over the "Loyalist" candidate, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. O'Connor was re-elected unopposed in 1886, but resigned his seat in September 1887.
# Nancey

Nancey is a surname and a given name.

## People with given name

* Nancey Harrington, U.S. politician
* Nancey Jackson Johnson (born 1968), U.S. musician
* Nancey Murphy (born 1951), U.S. philosopher
* Nancey Silvers, U.S. screenwriter and sister of Cathy Silvers

## People with surname

* Marcel Nancey, French journalist and dramatist
* Nicolas Nancey (1874–1925), French dramatist
# Jacobo

Jacobo is both a surname and a given name of Spanish origin. Based on the name Jacob. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Alfredo Jacobo (born 1982), Olympic breaststroke swimmer from Mexico
* Cesar Chavez Jacobo, Dominican professional basketball player
* Clara Jacobo, Italian opera singer
* Jordan Jacobo, American actor, writer and director
Given name:
* Jacobo Majluta Azar (1934 – 1996), politician from Dominican Republic, was president for 43 days in 1982
* Jacobo Arenas (1924–1990), Colombian guerrilla and ideological leader of FARC
* Dan Jacobo Beninson (1931–2003), Argentine radiation expert
* Jacobo Bolbochán (1906–1984), Argentine chess master
* Jacobo Borges (born 1931), contemporary, neo-figurative Latin-American artist
* Jacobo Díaz (born 1976), former professional male tennis player from Spain
* Juan Jacobo Fernandez (1808–1860), Franciscan friar, a martyr who achieved beatification
* Jacobo Fijman (1898–1970), Argentine poet born in Bessarabia, now mainly in Moldova
* Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba (1878–1953), Spanish noble, diplomat, politician and art collector
* Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Liria and Jérica (1773–1794), Spanish nobleman
* Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Liria and Jérica (1792–1795), the second surviving son of the 5th Duke of Berwick
* Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (1913–1971), Guatemalan military officer and politician
* Jacobo Mansilla (born 1987), Argentine football midfielder
* Jacobo Morales (born 1934), Puerto Rican actor, writer and film director
* Jacobo Sanz Ovejero (born 1983), Spanish football goalkeeper
* Jacobo Pacchiarotto, 16th-century Italian painter of the Renaissance period
* Jacobo Palm (1887–1982), Curaçao-born composer
* Jacobo Rispa, director and freelance producer working mainly in TV drama & film
* Jacobo Timerman (1923–1999), publisher, journalist, and author
* Jacobo Kyushei Tomonaga (1582–1633), Japanese Roman Catholic priest and martyr
* Jacobo Arbenz Villanova (born 1946), politician in Guatemala
* Jacobo Ynclán (born 1984), Spanish football midfielder
* Jacobo Zabludovsky (born 1928), Mexican journalist
# John Sparke (died 1680)

John Sparke (1636 – 8 October 1680) of the Friary, in the parish of St Jude, Plymouth, Devon, was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1677 to 1680.

## Origins

Sparke was the son of Jonathan Sparke of Plymouth (second son of John Sparke (c 1574–1640), MP, of The Friary, in the parish of St Jude, Plymouth) by his wife Mary Basset, daughter of Sir Robert Basset of Heanton Punchardon. Jonathan Sparke is mentioned in the Travel Journal of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642-1723) who was visiting Plymouth on 5 April 1669:
    "On the 5th of the same month Sir Jonathan Spark came to pay his respects to the serene prince, accompanied by his son. This gentleman is an inhabitant of Plymouth, in the neighbourhood of which he possesses an estate of a thousand pounds a year; consequently he is considered the principal person of the place".

## Residence

The Sparke family's residence in Plymouth was the former Whitefriars Abbey, in the parish of St Jude, which after the Dissolution of the Monasteries was probably acquired by Giles and Gregory Iselham, who obtained possession of other ecclesiastical property in Plymouth. It was then acquired by the Sparke family, who made it their residence. From Sparke it passed to the Molesworths and Clarkes to the Beweses. The buildings were converted into a hospital for soldiers in the year 1794, when a deadly sickness was ravaging the troops detained at the port for the West India expedition. They were subsequently used as an infirmary for the troops stationed at Millbay and Frankfort Barracks. Parts were used as dwellings, but Friary Court was thenceforth never considered a fashionable address. By 1890 all had disappeared and the bulk of the site was occupied by the Friary Railway Station, now closed, of the London and South Western Railway, with another part occupied by the Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Cross.

## Life

He was baptised on 27 August 1636. He was a student at Inner Temple in 1656. He succeeded his father in 1673 and inherited extensive property in Plymouth, including the former Whitefriars Priory. In 1677 he was elected Member of Parliament for Plymouth in a by-election to the Cavalier Parliament. He was commissioner for assessment for Plymouth from 1677 to 1679 and for Devon from 1677 until his death. In 1678 he became Justice of the Peace for Devon. He was re-elected MP for Plymouth in the two elections of 1679 to the First and Second Exclusion Parliaments but died before the latter met.

## Marriage

By licence dated 29 October 1663, Sparke married Mary Carew, a daughter of Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet of Antony (near Plymouth) in Cornwall by whom he had at least two sons.

## Death

Sparke died at the age of about 44.

## Sources

* Crossette, J.S., biography of Sparke, John (1636-80), of the Friary, Plymouth, Devon, published in History of Parliament: House of Commons 1660–1690, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983
# John Paget

John Paget may refer to:
* John Paget (author) (1808–1892), English agriculturist and writer on Hungary
* John Paget (barrister) (1811–1898), English police magistrate and author
* John Paget (Puritan minister) (died 1638), English nonconforming minister, pastor at the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam
* Sir John Rahere Paget, 2nd Baronet (1848–1938), British barrister and author
# John Pagus

John Pagus (/ˈpeɪɡəs/; fl. first half of the 13th century) was a scholastic philosopher at the University of Paris, generally considered the first logician writing at the Arts faculty at Paris.

## Life

He is thought to have been a Master of Arts in the 1220s and to have taught Peter of Spain. At that time he was writing on syncategorematic terms.

## Works

* Appellationes
* Commentary on the Sentences
* Rationes super Predicamenta Aristotelis
* Syncategoremata
# Małe Jodło

Małe Jodło is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Kunów, 13 km (8 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 43 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Naosap Mud Lake

Naosap Mud Lake is a small glacial lake approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of Bakers Narrows which drains into Naosap Lake. It is part of the Nelson River watershed, in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada.
The name was officially adopted in 1979; Naosap is a Cree word meaning 'fourteen'.

## Description

The lakes sits in Churchill River Upland portion of the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests and is surrounded by mixed forest with stands of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen. The shoreline is poorly drained areas of muskeg.

## Canoe route

Nasoap Mud Lake is part of the "Mistik Creek Loop", a well-known remote canoe trip which is 95 km (59 mi) in total length and can be paddled in four days. The route begins and ends at Bakers Narrows and from Naosap Mud Lake there are portages east to Naosap Lake and south to Alberts Lake.
# Maxine Dunlap Bennett

Maxine Dunlap Bennett (January 26, 1908 – c. September 1977), was an American aviator. She was the first licensed woman glider pilot and first woman glider club president in the United States. She flew her record-setting glider rating qualification flight over the sand dunes of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, on April 28, 1929, for a distance of 990 ft (300 m) and a flight duration of 50 seconds, exceeding the then-required minimum of 30 seconds, to obtain her Glider flying certificate.

## Life and career

Maxine Dunlap was born in 1908 in Pleasanton, California, the daughter of Henry H. and Catherine M. Dunlap (née Langan). She grew up in Oakland, California, and attended the University of California. The February 1939 Charlotte Observer writes that Dunlap became "smitten with lindberghitis" in 1927; she earned her power flying certificate (number 5894) in 1928 as the first woman in San Francisco to earn a pilot's license.
After accumulating over 60 hours of power flying time she began taking gliding lessons, and three weeks later attained her glider rating, U.S. Department of Commerce glider certificate number 8. The San Francisco Examiner of April 29, 1929 notes that Dunlap's glider qualification flight made her the first woman in the US to receive a glider pilot's license. Furthermore, her flight's duration of 50 seconds "far exceeded the record of 17 seconds flight formerly held by Amelia Earhart, the Atlantic flyer. Miss Earhart was unable to remain aloft for the requisite 30 seconds to qualify for a license."
In March 1930 she became the first woman glider club president in the U.S. after being appointed by the National Glider Association as president of the Bay Region California Gliding Club. She joined the newly-founded Ninety Nines in 1930 and participated in many air races. In 1935 she set the women world speed record for light airplanes in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## Personal life

Dunlap married her original flight instructor, Donald A. Templeman (1902–1942), in 1929; they divorced in 1933. In October 1934 she married Joseph J. Bennett Jr. (1901–1975), a Coca-Cola executive and former All American ('23, '24) University of Georgia tackle, and moved to Atlanta, Georgia. According to the February 1939 Charlotte Observer, she "did all the flying in the family" in a 260-horsepower Gull Wing Stinson, flying so well that "even her husband flys[sic] with her anywhere at any time."
On October 23, 1975, Joseph Bennett died in Oakland, California, aged 74. The obituary notice in the Atlanta Constitution mentions Maxine as his surviving widow, alongside his brother and sister.
# L31 ribosomal protein leader

An L31 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the concentration of the ribosomal protein L31. Five structurally distinct types of L31 ribosomal protein leader were predicted with a bioinformatic approach. The structure is located in the 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein L31 (rpmE), and in one case L32 (rpmF). These are found in different species of Actinomycetota, Bacillota or Gammaproteobacteria. The gammaproteobacterial type was also detected and validated in an independent experimental study using the organism Escherichia coli.
# Diaphus faustinoi

Diaphus faustinoi is a species of lanternfish found in the Philippines and the western-central Pacific Ocean.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Leopoldo A. Faustino (1892–1935), a geologist, a mineralogist and a conchologist with the Bureau of Science, in Manila, Philippines,
# Old Fremantle Police Station and Court House Complex

The Old Fremantle Police Station and Court House Complex is a heritage-listed group of buildings located at 45 Henderson Street, Fremantle, Western Australia. The complex includes the former courthouse, police station, police barracks and lock-up and artillery drill hall.

## History

The Henderson Street site formed part of the original convict grant for the Convict Establishment (later Fremantle Prison) from the 1850s, housing the Sappers' Barracks. The former barracks were subsequently adapted and extended for a short-lived occupation by the Emigration Depot for use as migrant accommodation for men and married couples, then in 1888, the old buildings were occupied by the Fremantle police.
The current complex on the site was constructed between 1896 and 1903, during which time all but one building on the site was demolished. The Artillery Drill Hall was built in 1896, followed by the initial two-storey terrace of the police barracks in 1897, the lock-up in 1898, the courthouse in 1899 and the second terrace of the Police Barracks in 1903.
A new police station was added to the complex in 1916 and an extension to the courthouse added in 1957. The complex underwent a major redevelopment in 1978–80, which saw the demolition of the 1916 police station, the construction of a three-storey administration block and significant modifications to the courthouse, police barracks and lock-up buildings.
The old courthouse closed in 2001, shifting to the new Fremantle Justice Complex around the corner in Holdsworth Street. It was renovated and opened as a bar in late 2021, keeping the heritage of the building intact. The old police station closed in May 2013 and relocated to High Street, with these buildings now being vacant pending redevelopment.

### Artillery Drill Hall

The drill hall building was constructed for the volunteer guard (responsible for civil defence) in 1896, and was modified in 1940, with the construction of a brick extension with a Queen Street frontage, when it was used as a training facility during World War II. The distinctive design comprises curved laminated jarrah ribs and curved iron T-sections supporting a 26-metre-span, barrel vaulted roof, constructed out of corrugated iron. It was used continuously for military purposes for almost 100 years.
The building was classified by the National Trust of Australia (Western Australia) in April 1974 and was included on the Register of the National Estate on 21 March 1978. In September 2003, it was permanently entered by the Heritage Council of Western Australia on the State Register of Heritage Places, both included in the larger complex and a subsidiary standalone listing. It is also listed on the City of Fremantle's Municipal Heritage List.
It was home to prominent music venue the Fly by Night Club from 1986 to 2015. The club was controversially evicted by building owner the National Trust of Western Australia in 2015. The drill hall was then redeveloped as bar and microbrewery freo.social, which opened in 2019.
# David Rupert

David Rupert (born July 27, 1951) is an American former FBI/British intelligence agent whose testimony led to the arrest and prosecution of Michael McKevitt, the reputed leader of the Real IRA, for the Omagh Bombing.

## Background

David Rupert was awarded the FBI's Lou Peters Award in 2013.

## Testimony

Rupert's testimony was crucial in McKevitt being convicted of directing terrorism. In 2006, McKevitt's legal team appealed the conviction based on the defense team not having access to information concerning the tax affairs of Rupert during the original trial. All appeals were denied.
# Joseph François Auguste Jules d'Albert de Saint-Hippolyte

Joseph François Auguste Jules d'Albert de Saint-Hippolyte was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati.

## Biography

Saint-Hippolyte was born to a family from Provence. He joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in 1741. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1756, and to Captain in 1771.
In 1773, he was first officer on the 64-gun Hardi. In 1776, he commanded the 32-gun Sultane at Toulon, part of the Escadre d'évolution under Du Chaffault.
In 1778, Saint-Hippolyte commanded the 74-gun Victoire the squadron under Fabry. The year after, Victoire was attached to the Armada of 1779. He took part in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780. On 1 May 1779, Victoire took part in the capture of HMS Montreal, along with Bourgogne. Saint-Hippolyte captained Victoire at the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781.
In November 1781, Saint-Hippolyte commanded a 4-ship division escorting a 120-ship convoy returning to France, also comprising the 80-gun Saint-Esprit, under Chabert-Cogolin.
He was promoted to Chef d'Escadre on 12 January 1782.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Contenson (1934), p. 130.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 192.
* ↑ Archives nationales (2011), p. 203.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 607.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 642.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 32.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 71.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 50.
* ↑ Troude (1867), p. 112.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 427.
* ↑ Vergé-Franceschi (2002), p. 322.
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 664.