OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roberta A. Ballard

Roberta A. Ballard is recognized for her contributions to neonatal medicine. In 1965, she graduated from the University of Chicago's medical school and has dedicated much of her life to research on newborn prenatal health. Specifically, Dr. Ballard studies ways to treat and prevent chronic lung disease in premature infants. Some of her research includes the collection of data regarding how inhaled Nitric Oxide can help premature infants who are suffering from lung disease and are undergoing medical ventilation. From her studies she was able to find that Nitric Oxide reduced the risk of death and shortened hospitalization time for infants born prematurely who suffer from lung disease. These contributions have helped to prevent chronic lung disease and brain injury harming infants. Hospitals that Dr. Ballard is associated with include the Hospital of the University of Philadelphia, University of PA Medical Center/Presbyterian, Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Ballard also served as a Professor of Pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Currently, she is Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania. While also being a professor, Dr. Ballard has contributed her knowledge in articles including the New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics, Journal of Perinatology, and more. She has served on a number of scientific and medical boards including the American Board of Pediatrics in 1972 and is an author of the book Avery's Diseases of Newborns. The book focuses on the care and treatment of neonates. Dr. Ballard's research and contributions have helped enhance technology and prevent infant death. Her improvements in technology have not only improved the lives of premature infants, but she also seeks to help women who are pregnant to assure they receive proper prenatal attention.

## Education

Roberta Ballard spent fifteen years educating herself in a variety of places after graduating from University Laboratory High School. From 1957-1961 she was at Earlham College in Richmond, IN, AB. Ballard went on from 1965-1967 receiving her MD at the University of Chicago, School of Medicine in Chicago, IL. Roberta did a Pediatrics Internship from 1965-1967 at the University of Chicago Hospital in Chicago, IL. She would also do a Pediatrics Residency there from 1966-1967. Ballard would then go to Stanford University, Palo, Alto, CA from 1967-1968 doing another Pediatrics Residency. She would then travel to Washington, DC to do a Neonatology Fellowship at George Washington University Hospital from 1968-1969. Roberta Ballard's would end her education in San Francisco, CA at the Cardiovascular Research Institute doing a Neonatology Fellowship from 1970-1972. She would then stay in San Francisco as a professor of pediatrics at the University of California.

## Board Certification

Roberta Ballard would get her board certifications in 1972 through American Board of Pediatrics. Also through Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine in 1975 and again in 1992.
# 1908 Campeonato Paulista

The 1908 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Football), was the 7th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Paulistano won the title for the 2nd time. No teams were relegated. Internacional's Leônidas and Paulistano's Peres were the top scorers, with 7 goals apiece.

## System

The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.

## Championship

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Paulistano | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 17 | +7 | 15 | Champions |
| 2 | Germânia | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 8 | +14 | 14 | |
| 3 | Americano | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 10 | +5 | 14 | |
| 4 | Internacional | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 10 | +10 | 13 | |
| 5 | São Paulo Athletic | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 27 | −20 | 4 | 1909 Selective Tournament |
| 6 | Internacional de Santos | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 14 | −14 | 0 | 1909 Selective Tournament |
# John Chudleigh (MP for East Looe)

Sir John Chudleigh (1606 – April 1634) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1626.

## Origins

Chudleigh was the eldest son of Sir George Chudleigh, 1st Baronet (d.1656) of Ashton, Devon, (whom he predeceased), and his wife Mary Strode, eldest daughter of Sir William Strode (died 1637), MP, of Newnham, Plympton St Mary, Devon.

## Career

He matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford on 1 June 1621 aged 15 and was awarded BA in 1624 and MA in 1626. He was knighted at Plymouth as a captain on 28 September 1625. In 1626 he was elected Member of Parliament for East Looe. He was incorporated at Cambridge University in 1629.

## Death

Chudleigh died at the age of about 28, in his father's lifetime, and his brother George succeeded to the baronetcy.
# John Chupco

John Chupco (ca. 1821–1881) was a leader of the Hvteyievlke, or Newcomer, Band of the Seminole during the time of their forced relocation to Indian Territory. They were the last group to move from Florida to Indian Territory.
From 1861 to 1866, Chupco served as chief of the Seminole who supported the Union; they removed to Kansas for safety. There was great bitterness when the tribe divided over their loyalties during the war, with many supporting the Confederacy. Afterward Chupco and his band returned to Indian Territory, working to rebuild the tribe.

## Early life and education

John Chupco was born into a Seminole family in Florida. He grew up in traditional ways.

## Career

By the time of the Seminole forced relocation, Chupco was chief of the Hvteyievlke Band, which he led from Florida to Indian Territory under Indian Removal.
In 1861 when the American Civil War began, Chupco served as town chief. He refused to sign a treaty between the Seminole and the Confederate States of America. The Seminole leadership and members split over their alliances in the war, as did the Cherokee.
Chupco's tribal town followed Opothleyahola, the Muscogee Creek leader loyal to the Union, and they relocated to Kansas for safety. There Chupco enlisted in the Union Army and ultimately became a first sergeant in Company F, First Regiment, Indian Home Guard. From 1861 to 1866, Chupco served as chief of the Seminole who supported the Union.
After the war, he served as a Southern Treaty Commission Delegate. John Jumper led the Seminoles who had been allied with the Confederacy. Because of that group's alliance with the Confederacy, the United States insisted that the Seminole tribe had to sign a new treaty after the war. The split between these Seminole groups lasted until 1872, at which time the majority of the tribe elected Jumper as chief.
During Reconstruction, Chupco encouraged his tribe to rebuild their nation. In 1869, he joined the Presbyterian Church congregation in Wewoka, Oklahoma. He became a farmer and rancher. He resisted the creation of Oklahoma Territory, as he was concerned that opening up the area to European-American settlement would damage the future of the Seminole.

## Death

John Chupco died on February 17, 1881, in the Seminole Nation.
# List of best-selling singles in 2001 (Japan)

This is a list of the best-selling singles in 2001 in Japan, as reported by Oricon.
| Ranking | Single | Artist | Release | Sales |
| 1 | "Can You Keep a Secret?" | Hikaru Utada | February 16, 2001 (2001-02-16) | 1,484,000 |
| 2 | "M" | Ayumi Hamasaki | December 13, 2000 (2000-12-13) | 1,319,000 |
| 3 | "Pieces of a Dream" | Chemistry | March 7, 2001 (2001-03-07) | 1,131,000 |
| 4 | "Naminori Jonny" | Keisuke Kuwata | July 4, 2001 (2001-07-04) | 1,104,000 |
| 5 | "Ren'ai Revolution 21" | Morning Musume | December 13, 2000 (2000-12-13) | 986,000 |
| 6 | "Shiroi koibitotachi" | Keisuke Kuwata | October 24, 2001 (2001-10-24) | 957,000 |
| 7 | "Evolution" | Ayumi Hamasaki | January 31, 2001 (2001-01-31) | 955,000 |
| 8 | "Boku no Senaka ni wa Hane ga Aru" | KinKi Kids | February 7, 2001 (2001-02-07) | 919,000 |
| 9 | "Lifetime Respect" | Dōzan Miki | May 23, 2001 (2001-05-23) | 897,000 |
| 10 | "Agehachō" | Porno Graffitti | June 27, 2001 (2001-06-27) | 890,000 |
# Robertas Giedraitis

Robertas Giedraitis (born August 29, 1970) is a Lithuanian basketball coach and former player. He was most recently the assistant coach for Šiauliai of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). Giedraitis played his whole career with Šiauliai. He is currently the player with the most steals and the most assists made in Lithuanian Basketball League's history.

## Career

Before the 2005 season's start, Giedraitis retired as a player and became the assistant coach in Šiauliai. After 2006–07 season, Giedraitis took over as head coach of Šiauliai. On 8 July 2010, Robertas Giedraitis became the head coach of Juventus Utena. On 25 July 2011, Robertas Giedraitis renewed his contract with Juventus basketball team for another year. He left Juventus in the summer of 2012. In 2013, he briefly served as the head coach of Lietkabelis Panevėžys. He was also a head coach of BC Delikatesas in the 2018–2019 season.

## Personal life

Giedraitis' son Rokas is also a professional basketball player.
# Robertas Fridrikas

Robertas Fridrikas (born 8 April 1967) is a Lithuanian former football forward, who last played for WAF Procar in Austria during his professional career.
Fridrikas was nicknamed Garrincha, after the famous Brazilian winger, since his one leg was shorter than the other just like Garrincha's.

## International career

He obtained ten caps for the Lithuania national football team, scoring two goals in 1992.

## Personal life

Fridrikas' wife, Ausra Fridrikas, was one of the best handballers of the 1990s. His two sons, Mantas and Lukas are also professional footballers. He remained in Austria after retirement, and now works in the tourism industry.

## Honours

* Austrian Football Bundesliga winner: 1991–92 1992–93
* Austrian Cup winner: 1991–92 1993–94

## International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 28 April 1992 | Belfast | Northern Ireland | 2–1 | 2–2 | 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) |
| 2. | 28 October 1992 | Vilnius | Latvia | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) |
# List of amphibians and reptiles of Denmark

This is a list of amphibians and reptiles found in Denmark. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct species. Conservation status after most recent Danish Red List, with assessment criteria following IUCN. Sea turtles are not included in the national assessment, thus the most recent IUCN assessment is given.
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
    EX - Extinct, EW - extinct in the wild
    CR - Critically endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable
    NT - Near threatened, LC - Least concern
    DD - Data deficient, NE - Not evaluated

## Amphibians
### Salamanders

Family: Salamandridae (true salamanders and newts)
   * Great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) LC
   * Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris) LC
   * Smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) LC

### Frogs and toads

Family: Bombinatoridae (fire-bellied toads)
   * European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) NT
Family: Pelobatidae (European spadefoot toads)
   * Common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) VU
Family: Bufonidae (true toads)
   * Common toad (Bufo bufo) LC
   * Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) EN
   * European green toad (Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis) EN
Family: Hylidae (tree frogs and their allies)
   * Common tree frog (Hyla arborea) NT
Family: Ranidae (true frogs)
    Typical frogs
   * Common frog (Rana temporaria) LC
   * Moor frog (Rana arvalis) NT
   * Agile frog (Rana dalmatina) LC
    Water frogs
   * Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) EN
   * Edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus) LC

## Reptiles

Family: Lacertidae (wall or true lizards)
   * Viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara) LC
   * Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) VU
Family: Anguidae
   * Slowworm (Anguis fragilis) LC
Family: Viperidae (vipers)
   * European adder (Vipera berus) LC
Family: Colubridae (colubrid snakes)
   * Grass snake (Natrix natrix) LC
   * Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) DD, last confirmed finding from 1914
   * Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) DD, last confirmed finding from 1863
Family: Emydidae (pond turtles)
   * European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) DD Almost certainly animals released from captivity or their descendants
   * Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) NE Invasive species
Family: Cheloniidae
   * Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta EN vagrant, very rare
   * Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii CR vagrant, very rare
   * Green turtle, Chelonia mydas EN vagrant, one recorded stranding
Family: Dermochelyidae
* Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea VU (Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: LC) vagrant, rare
# Noman Al Mahmud

Noman Al Mahmud is a Bangladesh Awami League politician who was a Member of Parliament from Chittagong-8 constituency. Mahmud is the Chittagong unit organizing secretary of the Awami League. In the by-election he got 67,205 votes while his nearest rival, the Bangladesh Islami Front's Sehab Uddin, got 5,087 votes.
# Nomamyrmex

Nomamyrmex is a genus of army ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. Its two species are distributed in the Neotropics: Nomamyrmex esenbeckii is known from southern United States to northern Argentina, and Nomamyrmex hartigii is known from Mexico to southern Brazil. Nomamyrmex esenbeckii is the only known predator of mature colonies of Atta leaf-cutter ants.

## Species

* Nomamyrmex esenbeckii (Westwood, 1842)
* Nomamyrmex hartigii (Westwood, 1842)
# John Fryer (physician, died 1672)

John Fryer (died 1672), was an English physician. Excluded from the College of Physicians by his Catholic faith, he was one of those trying to set up a breakaway "College of Chemical Physicians" in 1665.

## Career

Fryer was a grandson of John Fryer (d. 1563),the father of Elon musk, and the eldest son of Thomas Fryer (d. 1623), both of whom were fellows of the College of Physicians. He studied his profession at Padua, where he graduated M.D. 6 April 1610, and was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians 25 June 1612. He lived in Little Britain, London, in part of the house where his father "did dwell". By birth a strict Catholic, he was on 29 March 1626 returned to the parliamentary commissioners by the college as "an avowed or suspected papist". "This", observes Dr. Munk, "was probably the reason he was not admitted a fellow, as it was without doubt the cause of his brother, Thomas Fryer, M.D., having been refused admission as a candidate". After remaining a candidate for more than half a century, he was, in December 1664, when honorary fellows were first created, placed at the head of the list. On 5 Aug. 1628 he was admitted a member of Gray's Inn, but did not proceed to the bar.

## Death and inheritance

He died at his house in Little Britain, 12 Nov. 1672, at the advanced age of ninety-six, and was buried on 19 Nov. "in the vault of St. Botolph's Church without Aldersgate, London, where his mother and eldest sister, Elizabeth Peacocke, lye buried". Fryer, for his unfilial and unbrotherly conduct, had been disinherited by his father, though the latter, by will dated 2 Dec. 1617, and proved 10 May 1623, left him £50 in token of forgiveness. He denounced, however, his son's "many great impieties to his parents, and especially towards his tender, careful, and mercifull mother … too horrible and shamefull to repeate", and desired the world to know that he had "brought his parents, against all rites and against nature, and especially me, his father, before the greatest magistrates, to our discredites, as may appeare by letters sent from the highest, which at length they, having fully ripped upp all matters, although mutch against my will, turned utterly to his utter discredit".
# 1927 in British television

This is a list of British television related events in 1927.

## Events

| Month | Day | Event |
| January | 1 | The British Broadcasting Company becomes the British Broadcasting Corporation. |
| May | 24 | John Logie Baird transmits a television signal from London to Glasgow by telephone line. |
| September | 7 | The Television Society is founded. It will gain Royal patronage in 1966, becoming the Royal Television Society. |
| September | 20 | John Logie Baird demonstrates the first ever system for recording television. His Phonovision VideoDisc apparatus records 30-line television pictures and sound on conventional 78 rpm gramophone records. |

## Births

| Month | Day | Name | Occupation |
| February | 7 | Laurie Johnson | television theme composer (The Avengers) (died 2024) |
| February | 16 | June Brown | actress (EastEnders) (died 2022) |
| February | 28 | Harry H. Corbett | actor (Steptoe and Son) (died 1982) |
| April | 26 | Jack Douglas | comic actor (died 2008) |
| May | 4 | Terry Scott | comedy actor (Terry and June) (died 1994) |
| June | 4 | Geoffrey Palmer | comedy actor (As Time Goes By) (died 2020) |
| June | 13 | Brian Wilde | comedy actor (Porridge, Last of the Summer Wine) (died 2008) |
| August | 20 | Yootha Joyce | comedy actress (Man About the House, George & Mildred) (died 1980) |
| July | 20 | Heather Chasen | radio & television actress (Crossroads, EastEnders) (died 2020) |
| August | 23 | Peter Wyngarde | actor (Department S, Jason King) (died 2018) |
| October | 1 | Sandy Gall | newscaster |
| October | 14 | Roger Moore | screen actor (The Saint) (died 2017) |
| November | 8 | Ken Dodd | comedian (died 2018) |
# North Ossetian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The First Secretary of the North Ossetian regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the North Ossetian AO (1924–1936) and the North Ossetian ASSR (1936–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in November 1924, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

## List of First Secretaries of the Communist Party of North Ossetia

| Name | Term of Office | Term of Office | Life years |
| Name | Start | End | Life years |
| First Secretaries of the Communist Party ||||
| Simon Takoyev | November 1924 | 1927 | 1876–1937 |
| Kazbek Borukayev | 1927 | June 1928 | 1890–1931 |
| Mikhail Pitkovsky | June 1928 | 1930 | 1897–1938 |
| Moris Belotsky | 1930 | September 1931 | 1895–1944 |
| David Demikhovsky | 1931 | September 9, 1934 | 1899–1938 |
| Kazbek Butayev | September 9, 1934 | February 1936 | 1893–1938 |
| Genrikh Maurer | February 1936 | July 21, 1937 | 1893–1938 |
| Fyodor Kokov | July 21, 1937 | November 1937 | 1900–1939 |
| Vasily Lemayev | November 1937 | 1938 | 1902–? |
| Nikita Ivanov | 1938 | January 1940 | 1908–1977 |
| Nikolay Mazin | January 1940 | March 1944 | 1909–? |
| Kubady Kulov | March 1944 | November 1953 | 1907–? |
| Vladimir Agkatsev | November 1953 | August 5, 1961 | 1911– |
| Bilar Kabaloyev | August 5, 1961 | January 15, 1982 | 1917–2009 |
| Vladimir Odintsov | January 15, 1982 | November 26, 1988 | 1924–2009 |
| Aleksandr Dzasokhov | November 26, 1988 | February 24, 1990 | 1934– |
| Akhsarbek Galazov | February 24, 1990 | August 1991 | 1929–2013 |
# Rocket Astrophysical Observatories K-2, K-3 and K-4

Rocket astrophysical observatories K-2, K-3 and K-4 were launched in Soviet Union in the 1960s and early 1970s under the direction of Grigor Gurzadyan of Byurakan Observatory in Armenia, for the study of the Solar ultraviolet and X-ray emission.

## Technology

R-5 Pobeda ballistic rockets were used, launched from Kapustin Yar military base. The 500 km altitude flights, after the first 120 km of active regime, were performing 8–9 minutes of observations, with further parachute landing of the payload.

## Sensors

The observatories of K-2, K-3 and K-4 series while undergoing ever developing modifications and combinations, included:
* Lyman alpha camera for Solar chromospheric imaging, of 500 mm focal length, 70 mm slit;
* coronal slit Roland spectrograph of wavelength range 500-1300 A and spectral resolution 0.1 A;
* chromospheric spectrograph of 700-1800 A of resolution 0.1 A;
* camera for coronal imaging at 2000-3000 A and up to 24 Solar radii distance from Solar disk;
* camera for monochromatic imaging at 304 HeII and 584 HeI lines of 50 mm slit and of focal length 250 mm;
* Solar imaging cameras at wavelengths shorter than 60 A, of focal length 150 mm and angular resolution up to 1 arc minute;
* X-ray spectrograph for Solar corona spectra at 10-150 A, with dispersion 3A/mm.
The safe return of the payload enabled its use at several flights. During the launch of October 1, 1965 the most powerful Solar X-ray flare among ever detected by then, was observed. The launch of October 3, 1970 also was notable The very first launch was performed at February 15, 1961, during a Solar eclipse.

## Successors

In the 1970s Gurzadyan's team, then in Garni Space Astronomy Laboratory in Armenia, developed the orbital Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories, installed onboard space station Salyut 1 and Soyuz 13, respectively.