OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Olsen v. Nebraska

Olsen v. Nebraska, 313 U.S. 236 (1941), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the Supreme Court of Nebraska misapplied the 14th amendment's Due Process Clause, when it was used to strike down a state statute limiting the amount of compensation that private employment agencies could withhold from employees.

## Background

A Nebraska statute restricted employment agencies from collecting more than ten percent of the salary of individuals for whom the agency obtained employment. A realtor applied for a license to operate an employment agency, but the Secretary of Labor of Nebraska refused to issue the license because the realtor refused to limit its deductions to ten percent of the salaries of individuals who obtained employment. The realtor filed a lawsuit in an attempt to obtain a writ of mandamus to order the secretary to grant the license. Relying on Ribnik v. McBride, the Supreme Court of Nebraska ruled that the statute was unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.

## Opinion of the Court

In an opinion written by Justice William O. Douglas, the Court held that the Supreme Court of Nebraska should not have relied upon Ribnik v. McBride because "[t]he drift away from Ribnik v. McBride ... has been so great that it can no longer be deemed a controlling authority." Justice Douglas explained that "[w]e are not concerned, however, with the wisdom, need, or appropriateness of the legislation" and concluded that the Court should defer to the state's determinations about the propriety of the legislation. The Court reversed the decision of the Supreme Court of Nebraska remanded the case to the Supreme Court of Nebraska for further proceedings.
# Pakistan national korfball team

The Pakistan national korfball team is managed by the Pakistan Korfball Federation (PKF), representing Pakistan in korfball international competitions.
Their international debut in a competition was in the 2008 Asia Championship.

## Tournament history

Asia-Oceania Championships :
| Year | Championship | Host | Classification |
| 2010 | 8th Asia-Oceania Championship | China | 8th place |
Asia Championships :
| Year | Championship | Host | Classification |
| 2008 | 2nd Asian Championship | Jaipur (India) | 5th place |
# National Venturing President

The National Venturing president is the leading youth member of Venturing, BSA and is a voting member of the Executive Board of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America.
| 2024-2025 | Andrea Marron |
| 2023–2024 | Jamey Schnasse |
| 2022–2023 | Tara Izadi |
| 2021–2022 | Andrew Steckner |
| 2020–2021 | Tyler Grey |
| 2019–2020 | Pamela Petterchak |
| 2018–2019 | Dominic Wolters |
| 2017–2018 | Michelle Merritt |
| 2016–2017 | Pratik Vaidya |
| 2015–2016 | Edward Abraham |
| 2014–2015 | Maddie Culwell |
| 2013–2014 | Annaliese Parker |
| 2012–2013 | Dustin Readenour |
| 2011–2012 | Daniel Carriveau |
| 2010–2011 | Jennifer Lowe |
| 2009–2010 | Matthew McGroaty |
| 2008–2009 | Amanda Vogt |
| 2007–2008 | David George |
| 2006–2007 | Marguerite Belli |
| 2005–2006 | Amara Cramer DiFrancesco |
| 2004–2005 | Christpher A. Kerzich |
| 2003–2004 | Thomas Franklin |
| 2002–2003 | Sam Stocker |
| 2001–2002 | Marissa Morgan |
| 2000–2001 | Katherine Knuth |
| 1998–2000 | Jon Fulkerson |
# Jayna Altman

Jayna Altman is a former beauty queen who competed in the Miss International (USA) pageant.

## Biography

Altman won the Miss Missouri International 2008 title in a state competition. It was her first attempt at the title. She went on to represent Missouri in the Miss International 2008 pageant, which she won, in addition to winning the fitness preliminary award. She was also selected as Miss Congeniality, an award given to the delegate who most "exemplifies the spirit and grace of the pageant”, as chosen by contestant ballot vote.

## Titles

* Miss International (USA) 2008
* Miss Missouri International (USA) 2008
# Dianthus mooiensis

Dianthus mooiensis (Frilly carnation) is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae.
It is indigenous to the highveld terrain in the northern parts of South Africa, being recorded from Gauteng Province, around Pretoria and Heidelberg, and as far west as Potchefstroom in the North West Province.

## Description

Dianthus mooiensis is a spreading or tufted herbaceous perennial. The stems are leafy and semi-erect to upright. The leaves along the stem are rigid, and usually 2.5 to 3 cm long (max 6 cm).
The flowers are small and usually white. The petals are deeply fimbriate (frilly) and exserted by only 5 mm (i.e. 5 mm long). The claw is not exserted though (unlike that of D. zeyheri).
The calyx is 1.5 to 1.75 cm in length, with several bract-pairs at the base.
# Philothrips

Philothrips is a monotypic genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Philothrips socius
# Pumpkintown, West Virginia

Pumpkintown is an unincorporated community in Randolph County, West Virginia, United States.
# Oliver Wilkes (rower)

Oliver Wilkes (born 14 July 1995) is a British rower. He won a bronze at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the coxless four.

## Career

Wilkes came to prominence after winning the silver medal in the coxed four, at the 2017 World Rowing U23 Championships in Plovdiv. Wilkes later won a gold medal at the 2023 European Rowing Championships.
At the 2023 World Rowing Championships in Belgrade, he won a World Championship gold medal in the men's coxless four.
# Hypsipetes virescens

Hypsipetes virescens may refer to:
* Nicobar bulbul, a species of bird found on the Nicobar Islands
* Olive bulbul, a species of bird found in Southeast Asia
* Sunda bulbul, a species of bird found on Sumatra and Java
# David Norman (Australian footballer)

David Norman (born 1 April 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s.
Norman starred for North Ballarat in the 1960 BFL season and won the league's "Best and Fairest" award, known as the Henderson Medal. The following season he joined Collingwood where he would spend six seasons as a rover and small forward.
Known for his strength and courage, Norman appeared as a half forward flanker in the 1964 VFL Grand Final but ended up on the losing team. He kicked a career high 40 goals that year, bettering his 36-goal effort in 1962. Neither were enough to top Collingwood's goal-kicking but he earned that accolade in 1965 when he booted 32 goals. Norman also twice kicked six goals in a game during his career, both times against North Melbourne.
He finished his career back in the Ballarat Football League, with Beaufort.
# Jazz Original

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Jazz Original, also known as Bud Powell '57, is a studio album by jazz pianist Bud Powell, released in 1955 by Norgran, featuring sessions that Powell recorded at Fine Sound Studios in New York in 1954 and 1955.
The album was re-issued by Norgran as Bud Powell '57 in 1957, re-issued again on LP by Verve and released on CD, also as Bud Powell '57, by Verve in 2005 with the same track listing as the original LP.

## History

If one excludes the three tribute albums Bud Plays Bird, A Tribute to Cannonball, and A Portrait of Thelonious, there are no compositions by Powell on the album, only jazz standards. As the liner notes on the Bud Powell '57 LP re-issue point out, standards from the 1920s in particular: "Someone to Watch Over Me" (1926), "Thou Swell" (1927), "Lover Come Back to Me" (1928), and "Deep Night" (1929). "How High the Moon" is the sole track from the January 12, 1955 session. Three other tracks from the session appear on Bud Powell's Moods.

## Track listing

* "Deep Night" (Charles E. Henderson, Rudy Vallée) – 3:44
* "That Old Black Magic" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) – 2:20
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) – 5:08
* "Thou Swell" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 4:25
* "Like Someone in Love" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke) – 1:59
* "Someone to Watch Over Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 2:28
* "Bean and the Boys" (Coleman Hawkins) –3:28
* "Tenderly" (Walter Gross, Jack Lawrence) – 3:20
* "How High the Moon" (Morgan Lewis, Nancy Hamilton) – 4:16

## Personnel
### Performance

* Bud Powell – piano
December 16, 1954, Fine Sound Studios, New York, tracks 1-3, 5
* Percy Heath – double bass (except 5)
* Max Roach – drums (except 5)
January 11, 1955, Fine Sound Studios, New York, tracks 4, 6-8
* Lloyd Trotman – bass
* Art Blakey – drums
January 12, 1955, Fine Sound Studios, New York, track 9
* Lloyd Trotman – bass
* Art Blakey – drums

### Production

* Norman Granz – producer
* Herman Leonard – cover photo
# Die Herbstzeitlosen

Die Herbstzeitlosen (German Meadow saffron) may refer to:
* Used People, American film directed by Beeban Kidron
* Late Bloomers (2006 film), 2006 Swiss film directed by Bettina Oberli
# Philothermus puberulus

Philothermus puberulus is a species of minute bark beetle in the family Cerylonidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America.
# Chroniochilus

Chroniochilus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 5 species, native to Yunnan, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

## Taxonomy
### Species

* C. ecalcaratus (Holttum) Garay - Pahang, Sabah
* C. minimus (Blume) J.J.Sm. - Borneo, Java, Malaysia
* C. sinicus L.J.Chen & Z.J.Liu - Yunnan
* C. thrixspermoides (Schltr.) Garay - Sumatra
* C. virescens (Ridl.) Holttum - Thailand, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia

## Description
### Generative characteristics

Chroniochilus produces small flowers on racemose inflorescences. The conical, fleshy, mobile labellum does not bear a spur. The androecium consists of two pollinia. In Chroniochilus sinicus, flowering occurs from August to October.

## Etymology

The generic name Chroniochilus is derived from the Greek chronios, meaning lasting or persistent, and cheilos, meaning lip.

## Conservation

It has been recommended to categorize Chroniochilus sinicus as endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List criteria.
# K. und K. Feldmarschall

K. und K. Feldmarschall (aka Der falsche Feldmarschall) is a comedy film from Czechoslovakia, released in 1930.
It is the German-language version of Imperial and Royal Field Marshal (1930). There is also a French-language version Monsieur le maréchal (1931).
# David Speirs (rugby union)

David Speirs (born June 14, 1961) is a Canadian former international rugby union player.
Raised in Oakville, Ontario, Speirs was a hooker and competed on the Canada national team from 1988 to 1991, gaining five caps. He twice suffered ACL injuries during this time which required extensive rehab and bowed out of international rugby with two appearances at the 1991 Rugby World Cup, including the quarter-final loss to the All Blacks.
Speirs relocated to British Columbia during his rugby career and has remained there since. He is Director of Athletics at Collingwood School in West Vancouver and coached their senior boy's rugby team to a provincial championship in 2018.
# Provița de Jos

Provița de Jos is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Drăgăneasa, Piatra, and Provița de Jos.
The commune lies along the Provița River, to the west of the county, on the border with Dâmbovița County. It is traversed by the DJ101E road, which connects it to the east with Câmpina and to the north with Provița de Sus and Adunați.

## Natives

The commune is the birthplace of Dumitru Comănescu, who was briefly the world's oldest verified living man in the world before his death in June 2020, aged 111. It is also the birthplace of Aurora Cornu (1931–2021).
# Oliver Widmer

Oliver Widmer (born 24 March 1965) is a Swiss operatic bass-baritone whose international career has encompassed lieder, opera, and oratorio. In 1998 he created the role of Jäger in Heinz Holliger's opera Schneewittchen.
Widmer was born in Zürich and studied first under his father, the baritone Kurt Widmer, at the City of Basel Music Academy. He made his debut as a recitalist in 1985 followed by further study under Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau at the Hochschule für Musik Berlin from 1986 to 1989. He has been a member of the Zurich Opera from the early 1990s.
Widmer has been married to the mezzo-soprano Cecilia Bartoli since 2011.

## Recordings

Widmer's recordings on CD and DVD include:
* Bach: St Matthew Passion (bass soloist, "Gebt mir") – Concentus Musicus Wien, Vienna Boys' Choir, Arnold Schoenberg Choir; Nikolaus Harnoncourt (conductor). CD Teldec 2564 64347-2
* Donizetti: Don Pasquale (as Dottor Malatesta) – Orchestra and Chorus of the Zürich Opera House; Nello Santi (conductor). DVD Decca 000944109
* Haydn: Schöpfungsmesse (bass soloist) – English Baroque Soloists, Monteverdi Choir; John Eliot Gardiner (conductor). CD Philips 470297
* Mozart: Così fan tutte (as Don Alfonso) – Orchestra and Chorus of the Zürich Opera House; Franz Welser-Möst (conductor). DVD Arthaus Musik 101495
* Purcell: King Arthur (multiple roles) – Vienna Concentus Musicus, Vienna State Opera Chorus; Nikolaus Harnoncourt (conductor). Recorded live at the Salzburg Festival. DVD Euroarts 2054508
* Schumann: Genoveva (as Siegfried) – Chamber Orchestra of Europe; Nikolaus Harnoncourt (conductor). CD Teldec 013144
# Chusovskoy

Chusovskoy (masculine), Chusovskaya (feminine), or Chusovskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Chusovskoy Municipal District, a municipal formation which the town of krai significance of Chusovoy in Perm Krai, Russia is incorporated as
* Chusovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation in Chusovskoy Municipal District of Perm Krai, Russia, which the town of Chusovoy, one work settlement, and two rural localities are incorporated as
* Chusovskoy (rural locality) (Chusovskaya, Chusovskoye), several rural localities in Russia
* Lake Chusovskoye, a lake in Perm Krai, Russia
# Julius von Mirbach

Julius Graf von Mirbach (27 June 1839, Sorquitten – 26 June 1921) was a German politician, born in Sorquitten, East Prussia.
He studied law at University of Königsberg, Bonn, and Berlin and served as an officer in the Prussian Army, resigning in 1865.
In 1874 he entered the Prussian House of Lords and in 1878-81 and 1886-98 was a member of the Reichstag and a prominent figure in the German Conservative Party, taking a foremost part in economic and agrarian reforms, acting as leader of the Steuer-und Wirtschaftsreformer (1879 et seq.). He was created Count in 1888.
# SP-66 (São Paulo highway)

SP-66 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
# Pia Gyger

Pia Gyger (born 2 November 1940 in Schaffhausen; died 14 July 2014 in Basel ) was a Swiss specialist for special education, psychologist and Zen master of the White Plum Sangha lineage. She was the co-founder of the Lassalle-Institute within the Lassalle-House in Bad Schönbrunn/Zug, Canton of Zug. She was co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project.

## Education

Gyger studied 1972–1976 special education (i.e. education, training, raising and promotion of children and young persons with development impairments and handicaps) and psychology at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences.

## Zen education

In the years 1976–1999, she was educated in Zen in Kamakura, Kanagawa/Japan with Hugo Makibi Enomiya-Lassalle and Yamada Kôun Roshi in Hawaii. She received Dharma transmission from Aitken Rōshi and was also taken up in the Buddhist Peace Fellowship to co-operate in international peace projects. In 1999, she was confirmed as Zen master ("inka shōmei") by Tetsugen Bernard Glassman.

## Activities

In 1969 Gyger joined the ecumenical community with inter-religious orientation Saint Katharina-Werk, Basel. On behalf of the Federal Department of Justice and Police she founded 1976 a therapy home near Horw for particularly difficult young persons which she led until 1982. Subsequently she was nominated general leader of the Saint Katharina-Werk. In 1986, she founded a project for meetings of the world’s religions and in 1989 she initiated in a slum on the outskirts of Manila a school for the spiritual and political awareness of young people. 1995, back in Switzerland, she founded together with Niklaus Brantschen the Lassalle-Institute of Zen – Ethics – Leadership which they led until 2002 and at which she is teaching. Brantschen and she founded in 2003 the Lassalle-Zen-line and the school of contemplation „Via Integralis“. After that they developed the project Jerusalem – Open town for learning of the peace in the world which is accredited at the UN and leads them regularly to Jerusalem and to New York.
# Nick du Toit

Servaas Nicolaas "Nick" du Toit is a former South African arms dealer, former mercenary and former colonel of 32 Battalion and the 5th Reconnaissance Commando. He was implicated in the plot to overthrow Teodoro Obiang of Equatorial Guinea.

## Failed coup and aftermath

Du Toit went on trial in Malabo along with 18 other men accused of being the advance party for 70 other mercenaries. All were found guilty and although the prosecution asked for the death penalty, du Toit received a 34-year sentence (to be served in Malabo's Black Beach prison).
His purported role was to supply the mercenaries with arms including AK-47s, RPGs, PK machine guns and mortars, and to secure the control tower at the Malabo airport and change the frequency to establish communication with the incoming plane from Zimbabwe carrying more mercenaries. After his capture, he appeared on South African television announcing the failure of the coup and the names of co-conspirators. Du Toit served five years and eight months of a 34-year sentence in a cell measuring 150 cm x 210 cm, had been tortured, beaten, starved and kept for much of the time in solitary confinement. They were reportedly burned with cigarettes, beaten with rifle butts, hung upside down and beaten, contracted malaria multiple times and was refused treatment, among many tortures endures by the 18 men.
Simon Mann had bribed the prison guards to fetch food from the hotel across the street, claiming it was good enough for his co-conspirators but not for him, he even had a treadmill installed in his prison cell while du Toit and the others were handcuffed to the beds and beaten if they tried to move. Du Toit and three others were given presidential pardons by Equatorial Guinea's dictator ruler, President Obiang, on 3 November 2009, and was released, along with Sergio Cardoso, Jose Sundays, and George Alerson (1958-2015). Additionally, Simon Mann was also released and was back in England by 6 November 2009.
Du Toit subsequently retired as a career soldier and began working in vehicle sales in Yemen.
# David Pritchard

David Pritchard may refer to:
* David Pritchard (chess player) (1919–2005), British chess writer
* David Pritchard (cricketer) (1893–1983), Australian cricketer
* David Pritchard (footballer) (born 1972), English former footballer
* David Pritchard (musician) (born 1949), American guitarist
* David E. Pritchard (born 1941), physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
# Promenesta capnocoma

Promenesta capnocoma is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Brazil.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
# Kukadoli

Kukadoli is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India.
# Ptilogonia

Ptilogonia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Ptilogonia neotropica Bischof, 1904

## Distribution

Brazil.
# Jushan Bai

Jushan Bai (Chinese: 白聚山) is a Chinese American economist. He is a professor of economics at Columbia University.

## Biography

Bai received his B.A. from Nankai University in 1985, M.A. from Pennsylvania State University in 1988, and Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley in 1992. He taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston College, and New York University before joining the Columbia faculty in 2008.
Bai specializes in econometrics and is hailed as one of the most prominent economists of Chinese descent by the Chinese press. He was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society in 2013.
# Pseudolignincola

Pseudolignincola is a genus of fungi in the family Halosphaeriaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pseudolignincola siamensis.
# Cubanea

Cubanea is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.
# Nie Weiguo

Nie Weiguo (simplified Chinese: 聂卫国; traditional Chinese: 聶衛國; pinyin: Niè Wèigúo; born August 1952) is a Chinese politician. He is the director of the Engineering Oversight Office of the Three Gorges Dam project.
Nie has occupied numerous Chinese Communist Party positions in Sichuan and Chongqing. He received a degree in political economics from the Central Party School in 1996. From 2005 to 2010, Nie was the political commissar of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. He was a member of the 16th and 17th, and 18th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party.
# Pia Gadd

Christina Pia Gadd, (born 11 July 1945) is a Swedish journalist and author. She has been a journalist at Expressen newspaper in Gothenburg from 1981 to 1990, she has since been a freelance journalist, radio producer and author who has published several books.
# The Listel Hotel

The Listel Hotel is a hotel located in the downtown area of the Canadian city of Vancouver, British Columbia

## Description and operations

The hotel has 129 rooms and displays art on loan from the University of British Columbia's Museum of Anthropology, the Buschlen Mowatt Fine Arts Gallery and the Vancouver International Sculpture Biennale. It has also a collection of international and First Nations art.
The hotel was an inaugural participant in the City of Vancouver's "Corporate Climate Leader" and Tourism Vancouver's "Tourism Ambassador for Conservation" programs. It has 20 solar panels, a heat-capture program, and has been zero-waste-to-landfill since 2011.
The hotel’s restaurant, Forage, is an active member of the Green Table Network and the Vancouver Aquarium's Ocean Wise seafood program. Its small-plate menu is locally sourced. The Jervis Joint, a second restaurant located within the hotel, serves pub food.

## Awards

Expedia listed the hotel in eighth place on its 2019 list of the ten most sustainable hotels.
# David Llewellyn (trade unionist)

David Rolfe Llewellyn (8 June 1907 – 21 October 1981) was a Welsh miner, trade unionist, and political activist, who also fought in the Spanish Civil War.
Llewellyn was born in Blaengarw, a remote mining village in South Wales, to Thomas Llewellyn, a coal miner, and his wife, Mary Ann. He began working at a local colliery when he was sixteen, and became active in the South Wales Miners' Federation (SWMF), and also in the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
In 1936, Llewellyn took part in a hunger march of Welsh miners to London, and was elected as one of the leaders of the marchers. He next volunteered to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, and was elected as a political commissar.
Back in South Wales, Llewellyn returned to mining, and in 1940 he moved a CPGB resolution at the SWMF's annual conference, opposing British involvement in World War II. The motion was lost, and the CPGB soon switched to support the war, and opposing strike action. Llewellyn believed that the Bevin Boys, 18-year-olds conscripted to work in the mines without knowledge of mining, had a good case for industrial action, and argued that they should strike. This led to him leaving the CPGB.
During the later part of the war, Llewellyn moved to work in Somerset, and in 1945 he was unanimously elected as agent and secretary of the Somerset Area of the National Union of Mineworkers, also serving on the executive of the National Union of Mineworkers. He joined the Labour Party, winning election to Somerset County Council, and stood unsuccessfully for the party in Wells at the 1951 United Kingdom general election, and in North Somerset at the 1955 United Kingdom general election.
The Somerset Area was merged into the South Wales Area of the National Union of Mineworkers in 1956, and Llewellyn returned to South Wales, finding work with the National Coal Board as its director for industrial relations in the region.
He died in 1981.