OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tobi Jnohope

Tobi "Bob" Jnohope (born 4 October 1997) is a footballer who currently plays for Chattanooga Red Wolves of the USL League One. Born in the United States, he has represented Dominica at youth level.

## Youth and college

Jnohope began his youth career with Clearwater Chargers Soccer Club in Florida where he played for 10 years before joining the Sounders FC Academy in 2015. On 3 February 2016, it was announced that Jnohope signed a letter of intent to play college soccer at the University of Denver. After being redshirted as a freshman, he was expected by some media outlets to play a greater role for the upcoming year. However, he was off the roster by the start of the 2017 season.

## Club career

On 25 March 2016, Jnohope made his professional debut for Seattle Sounders FC 2 of the USL, the reserve side of Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer. The match ended in a 1–0 defeat to Sacramento Republic. In total he made five league appearances for the club during the 2016 USL season.
In January 2019, Jnohope signed for Mosta of the Maltese Premier League. After waiting for four months for his work permit, he appeared in three league matches and one match in the Maltese FA Trophy for the club before the season ended and his 6-month contract expired. His one 2018–19 Maltese FA Trophy appearance came in a 1–2 quarter-final defeat to Birkirkara in which Jnohope scored an own goal. Afterward, he had a training stint with Belgian club RAQM Mons while searching for a new club.
In October 2020, Jnohope was unveiled as a new signing for U.S. Palmese 1912 of the Italian Eccellenza Calabria for the 2020–21 season. In March 2021, he moved to Lernayin Artsakh FC of the Armenian First League. He made his league debut for the club on 15 March against FC Urartu-2, starting the match and playing the full ninety minutes of the 1–0 victory.
On July 26, 2024, Jnohope signed with USL League One side Chattanooga Red Wolves for the remainder of their season.

## International career

Jnohope was born in Florida, United States to a Dominican father and Nigerian mother. After initially being undecided about which nation to represent, in July 2019 he was included in Dominica's under-23 squad for 2020 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification. He scored his team's only goal in its opening match against Jamaica, an eventual surprise 1–1 draw. He went on to make two appearances in the tournament.
# Martin Township, Michigan

Martin Township is a civil township of Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,723 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

The village of Martin is within the township. The Martin ZIP code 49070 serves a large portion of Martin Township.
The city of Plainwell is to the south, and the Plainwell ZIP code 49080 also serves the southeast corner of Martin Township.
Shelbyville is a small unincorporated community in the north of the township on the boundary with Wayland Township. The Shelbyville ZIP code 49344 also serves parts of northern Martin Township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.2 km$^2$), of which 35.5 square miles (92.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km$^2$), or 1.22%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,514 people, 891 households, and 686 families residing in the township. The population density was 70.5 inhabitants per square mile (27.2/km$^2$). There were 935 housing units at an average density of 26.2 per square mile (10.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.78% White, 0.16% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 1.11% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.11% of the population.
There were 891 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the township the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $40,565, and the median income for a family was $45,595. Males had a median income of $37,279 versus $26,471 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,233. About 5.5% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Charles Warburton Meredith

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Charles Warburton Meredith KBE CB AFC (23 August 1896 – 19 April 1977) was a South African air force pilot, and Air Officer Commanding of the Rhodesian Air Training Group during the Second World War.

## Early life and family

Meredith was born in Wynberg, Cape Town, and attended Wynberg Boys' High School. He was an electrical engineering student with South African Railways before becoming a cadet at RAF Staff College, Andover and was then commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing) in October 1917. He was promoted to Flying Officer in February 1918.
After the First World War, in 1924, he joined the South African Air Force, having been recruited by Major Allister Miller, and in 1937 was appointed Commanding Officer of the Aircraft and Artillery Depot.
He was appointed Director of Civil Aviation in Southern Rhodesia in 1939.
Meredith was commissioned Air Commodore in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve on 21 March 1940 for the duration of the hostilities. He was promoted to Air Vice-Marshal during the War.

## Rhodesian Air Training Group

Meredith was Air Officer Commanding of the Rhodesian Air Training Group, part of the Empire Air Training Scheme. Sir Archibald Sinclair, the British Secretary of State for Air, praised the excellent quality of the reinforcements coming to the RAF from the RATG.
Meredith expressed in 1943 that the Air Training Group would expand and that the expansion would be beneficial after the war for aeronautical training.
Meredith is the author of an article, "The Rhodesian Air Training Group 1940–1945", in a Rhodesian historical journal, published in July 1973.

## Honours

Meredith was awarded the Air Force Cross in June 1919.
He was appointed Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in July 1941; Grand Commander of the Royal Order of the Phoenix (with swords) in 1943; and Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (Military Division) in June 1943.
# Trolley Troubles

Trolley Troubles is a 1927 animated short subject film, produced by Charles B. Mintz and George Winkler and directed by Walt Disney. The cartoon is the first appearance of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, a character that Disney and Ub Iwerks created for Universal Pictures and Mintz.

## History

In the early summer of 1927, Walt Disney finished the first Oswald cartoon, entitled Poor Papa, but Universal was not very satisfied. They had expected a more Charlie Chaplin-like character and thought Oswald was too elderly and too fat. Disney agreed to make some changes and the cartoon was not released in theatres at the time. It is possible that the film was inspired by The Toonerville Trolley (1920) short film based on the Toonerville Folks newspaper cartoon.
Instead, Oswald's second-produced cartoon was submitted for release: Trolley Troubles. Universal was pleased and the short was released by Universal on September 5, 1927.
The press loved the new cartoon series Walt made and Oswald became a popular character. From then on, a new cartoon was released every two weeks.
As for Poor Papa, it was released eventually in theatres, although Universal held it back until 1928. In total, nine Oswald cartoons were released in 1927.
The cartoon was reissued on November 23, 1931, after Walter Lantz Productions took over the Oswald series. This re-release was completed with music and sound effects.
The copyright for Trolley Troubles expired in 1955.

## Plot

Oswald is preparing a trolley to transport his bunny kids and other animal characters, but there are some obstacles. The first is Bessie the cow who walks onto the tracks and refuses to move until Oswald drives the trolley underneath her. Oswald thinks that all is well until the hill gets steep. Oswald uses a goat to get the trolley up the hill, then down the hill.
The trolley unexpectedly goes onto a bumpy road, tossing the kids out of the trolley. Oswald prays that he will live, takes off his foot, kisses it and rubs it on his head (as per the saying that a rabbit's foot gives a good luck). Eventually, the trolley crashes into a river and becomes a raft. Oswald uses a big stick to row it downstream.

## Home media

The short was released on December 11, 2007, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Adventures of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. A restored version of the short was released on Disney+ on September 7, 2023, as part of Disney's 100th Anniversary.
# Heidi Crowter

Heidi Crowter is an English disability rights advocate. Crowter campaigns for the anti-abortion group Don't Screen Us Out, challenging the Abortion Act 1967 which she views as discriminatory against fetuses with disabilities.

## Early life

Heidi Crowter was born to Liz and Steve Crowter. Soon after her birth her parents discovered she had Down syndrome. Crowter has had leukemia, pneumonia, and kidney failure. She had cardiac surgery shortly after her birth. Crowter has two older brothers and a younger sister. At the age of 16, Crowter was a victim of internet trolling and harassment related to her Down syndrome.

## Career

Crowter works at a hair salon in Coventry managing its social media accounts and working with children.
Crowter is involved in the campaign Don't Screen Us Out. Crowter and two others sued the Department of Health and Social Care alleging that the Abortion Act 1967 was discriminatory by allowing for the abortion of fetuses with Down syndrome and other diagnoses until the time of birth. In September 2021, the case was rejected by judges. In March 2022 Crowter was given permission to appeal the verdict on limited grounds. Her appeal was unanimously dismissed in November 2022.
Crowter was honored as one of the BBC 100 Women in December 2022.

## Personal life

Crowter is a Christian. She met her future husband, James Carter, online in 2017. They were engaged in 2018. In 2020, Crowter married James Carter at Hillfields Church in Coventry.
# Bantu colonization

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# Pachycondyla lutzi

Pachycondyla lutzi is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described by from fossils found in Europe. P. lutzi is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

## History and classification

When described Pachycondyla lutzi was known from ten fossil insects which are compression-impression fossils preserved in layers of soft sedimentary rock. Along with other well preserved insect fossils, the P. lutzi specimens were collected from layers of the Lutetian Messel pit World Heritage Site. The formation is composed of brown coals, oil shales, and bituminous shale, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds, reptiles, and terrestrial mammals as a notable lagerstätten. The area is a preserved maar lake which initially formed approximately 47 million years ago as the result of volcanic explosions.
At the time of description, the holotype specimen, number SMF MeI 11958, and the other nine specimens were preserved in the Senckenberg Research Station Messel fossil collections. The fossils were described by Gennady Dlussky and Sonja Wedmann in a 2012 paper on the poneromorph ants of Messel. The specific epithet "lutzi" was coined as a patronym honoring Herbert Lutz, one of the first paleoentomologists to study Messel ants.
The species is one of six Pachycondyla species which have been described from Messel Formation fossils. All six of the species were described by Dlussky and Wedmann in the same 2012 paper, the other five being P. eocenica, P.? messeliana, P. parvula, P. petiolosa, and P. petrosa. Another eight fossil species have been described from fossils in North America, Europe, and Asia.

## Description

Pachycondyla lutzi queens have a body length of approximately 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in) and the head is slightly wider than long with rounded rear corners. The front margin of the clypeus is generally gradually rounded, and in one specimen, shows a weak concavity of the middle area on the edge. Each of the mandibles are subtriangular and have five to six fairly large teeth each. The antennae are slender in appearance, composed of a scape which extends towards the rear margin of the head and gradually tapering flagellomeres. The eyes are nearly rounded in outline, being very short ovals, and placed to the front of the midpoint on the head. In the worker known, the scape is only as long as the occipital margin, unlike the queens. The gaster was not preserved on the fossil, making a total length hard to judge, though it is estimated at around 8 mm (0.31 in).
# Petrowitsch Bissing

Peter "Petrowitsch" Bissing (1871 in Russia – 30 November 1961 in Wisconsin, United States) was the founder and president of Bissing's Conservatory of Music in Hays, Kansas and later in Topeka. He was known as an instructor of music and specialized in the violin, publishing multiple works on the instruction of the instrument. He was among the top instructors of his day in the expression of vibrato and published a book titled Cultivation of the Violin Vibrato Tone.
In 1876, Bissing arrived in Ellis County from the Volga River area of Russia with his family. He was about five years old when his family arrived in Kansas and he began to study music on a homemade four-octave organ made by his father. At 8 years old, he began learning to play the violin. As he grew older, Bissing studied at the Chicago College of Music alongside jazz violinist Eddie South and finished violin instruction under Francis Boucher. He also was an instructor of Walter Wenzel
On January 2, 1901, Bissing began the Bissing Conservatory of Music and offered instruction in vocal, piano, violin, organ, harmony and composition. But it was in June 1903 when Bissing received an invitation to study at Prague under Otakar Sevcik. Bissing left to complete his studies and returned to Topeka in 1906 to reorganize his teaching conservatory. Upon returning, he adopted the stage name of Petrowitsch Bissing.
# Michael Stutchbury

Michael Stutchbury (born 4 May 1957) is an Australian newspaper editor and journalist. He was previously the editor-in-chief of the Australian Financial Review and economics editor at The Australian. He generally writes from a free market viewpoint, and was critical of a number of the Rudd-Gillard Government's economic policies, particularly on its stimulus packages, and industrial relations.
Born in Melbourne, Stutchbury began his journalistic career with the Australian Financial Review. Later, he became a business editor of The Australian, and a Washington correspondent during the first term of the Clinton Administration, before becoming one of the longest-serving editors of The Australian.
He is the father of 2018 NSW Young Liberals President, Harry Stutchbury. In July 2018, Michael Stutchbury married Ticky Fullerton in the UK.
He occasionally appears on Insiders, the ABC's weekly program on political discussion.
Stutchbury stepped down from his role as editor-in-chief of the Australian Financial Review in August 2024. He intends to return in a writing role at the publication as editor-at-large in 2025.
# Menagh Air Base

Menagh Air Base (or Minnigh airport, Minakh Air Base) (Arabic: قَاعِدَة مَطَار مِنِّغ, romanized: Qāʿidat Maṭār Minniḡ) is a Syrian Air Force installation located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Azaz, Aleppo Governorate, Syria near the village of Manaq.
Menagh Air Base was home to the 4th Flying Training Squadron, equipped with MBB 223 Flamingo trainer aircraft and Mil Mi-8 helicopters.

## Syrian Civil War

The air base became a major target of the armed opposition in the Syrian Civil War's Battle of Aleppo. The air base was under siege by opposition forces from August 2012 until it fell to the rebels and Islamists (including ISIL, the Northern Storm Brigade and Tawhid Brigades) on 6 August 2013. It subsequently fell under control of the Al Nusra Front. On 10 February 2016, the Syrian Democratic Forces from nearby Afrin captured the airbase, aided by Russian airstrikes. After the Kurdish YPG captured the Menagh Air Base, the organization renamed it "Serok Apo Air Base", meaning "Leader Apo", in reference to Abdullah Öcalan, the imprisoned leader of the PKK.
On 1 December 2024, Syrian opposition armed groups under the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room announced that they had taken control of the air base.
# 1932 Texas A&M Aggies football team

The 1932 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas—now known as Texas A&M University—in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1932 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Matty Bell, the team compiled an overall record of 4–4–2, with a mark of 1–2–2 in conference play, and finished fourth in the SWC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | vs. Texas Tech* | Butler FieldAmarillo, TX (rivalry) | W 7–0 | 5,000 |
| October 1 | at Tulane* | Tulane StadiumNew Orleans, LA | L 14–26 | |
| October 5 | at Sam Houston State* | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | W 26–0 | |
| October 8 | Texas A&I* | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX | W 14–0 | |
| October 15 | TCU | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX (rivalry) | L 0–17 | |
| October 22 | at Baylor | Carroll FieldWaco, TX (rivalry) | T 0–0 | |
| October 29 | at Centenary* | State Fair StadiumShreveport, LA | L 0–7 | |
| November 5 | at SMU | Ownby StadiumUniversity Park, TX | T 0–0 | |
| November 11 | Rice | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX | W 14–7 | |
| November 24 | at Texas | War Memorial StadiumAustin, TX (rivalry) | L 0–21 | 30,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Demeter Fragrance Library

The Demeter Fragrance Library (called The Library of Fragrance in Europe) is a Great Neck, New York company that sells over 200 different fragrances based on "everyday" scents, such as baby powder, dirt, gin & tonic, play-doh and tomato.

## History

Demeter was founded by ex-Kiehl's perfumer Christopher Brosius, and Christopher Gable in 1993, as a project to "bottle" everyday odors into wearable personal colognes. The first three colognes that were created – Dirt, Grass and Tomato – were launched at New York department store Henri Bendel in 1996. The three scents sold well, which led to further introductions of fragrances such as Gin & Tonic, Baby Powder and Play-Doh.
Brosius and Gable sold Demeter Fragrance Library in 2002 to the Freedom Marketing Group. Mark Crames became the manager.
In 2007 Demeter introduced the Jelly Belly Collection (based on Jelly Belly jelly bean recipes), Crayon, Pure Soap, and Egg Nog.
In 2015, Demeter launched in the United Kingdom as the Library of Fragrance, because the name "Demeter," which references the ancient Greek goddess of the harvest, was already in use by another company. That year, Demeter/The Library of Fragrance launched Mountain Air, a scent representing the air of Alaska.
Actor Clint Eastwood and supermodel Kate Moss have both claimed to wear Demeter's Dirt, while actress Drew Barrymore wears Gin and Tonic.
In 2016, Demeter products were sold in about 35 countries. In the UK, over 100 fragrances are available from the Library of Fragrance website, and the brand's best-sellers can be found at over 1000 Boots stores across the UK and ROI.

## Product description

Demeter fragrances are cologne concentration (2-4% perfume oil within the carrier of alcohol), as opposed to more commonly seen fragrance formats, such as eau de toilette or eau de parfum, which have a higher ratio of perfume oil to alcohol and may therefore last longer on the skin.
Some of the better known fragrances are Angel Food, Baby Powder, Carrot, Cosmopolitan Cocktail, Leather, Paperback, Play-Doh (created in 2006 to mark Play-Doh's 50th anniversary), Riding Crop, Sushi, Pipe Tobacco, Turpentine, Snow, Lime, and Golden Delicious Apple. The fragrances in the line can be combined and layered together so that wearers can create their own fragrances.
Besides its cologne sprays, Demeter Fragrance Library makes other products scented with the same fragrances, including body lotions, shower gels, exfoliant scrubs and room sprays.
# Trowbridge Township, Michigan

Trowbridge Township is a civil township of Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,530 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

Merson is an unincorporated community in the township at the junction of M-40 and 102 Avenue (42°26′05″N 85°51′58″W﻿ / ﻿42.43472°N 85.86611°W﻿ / 42.43472; -85.86611 Elevation: 761 ft./232 m.).

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.7 km$^2$), of which 34.6 square miles (89.7 km$^2$) is land and 1.2 square miles (3.0 km$^2$), or 3.22%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,519 people, 941 households, and 712 families residing in the township. The population density was 72.6 inhabitants per square mile (28.0/km$^2$). There were 1,060 housing units at an average density of 30.5 per square mile (11.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.71% White, 1.07% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.83% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.
There were 941 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $40,476, and the median income for a family was $46,157. Males had a median income of $36,170 versus $26,487 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,137. About 6.2% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.