# Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union

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Timeline Bloomberg speech Jan 2013 Referendum Bill blockedJan 2014 European Parliament election May 2014 2015 general election May 2015 Renegotiation begins Jun 2015 Referendum Act passed Dec 2015 Renegotiation concluded Feb 2016 Referendum held Jun 2016 David Cameron resigns as PM Jul 2016 Theresa May becomes PM Jul 2016 Article 50 judgement Jan 2017 Brexit plan presentedFeb 2017 Notification Act passed Mar 2017 Article 50 invoked Mar 2017 Repeal Bill plan presentedMar 2017 2017 general election Jun 2017 Brexit negotiations begin Jun 2017 Withdrawal Act passedJun 2018 Chequers plan presented Jul 2018 Withdrawal agreement plan presented July 2018 Withdrawal agreement released Nov 2018 Scottish Continuity Bill blockedDec 2018 Meaningful votes Jan–Mar 2019 Brexit delayed until 12 April Mar 2019 Cooper–Letwin Act passed Apr 2019 Brexit delayed until 31 October Apr 2019 European Parliament election May 2019 Theresa May resigns as PM Jul 2019 Boris Johnson becomes PM Jul 2019 Prorogation and annulment Aug–Sep 2019 Benn Act passed Sep 2019 Withdrawal agreement revised Oct 2019 Brexit delayed until 31 January Oct 2019 2019 general election Dec 2019 Agreement Act passed Jan 2020 UK leaves the European Union Jan 2020 Implementation period begins Jan 2020 UK–EU trade deal agreed Dec 2020 Future Relationship Act passed Dec 2020 Scottish Continuity Act passed Dec 2020 Implementation period ends Dec 2020 New EU–UK relationship begins Jan 2021 UK–EU trade deal ratified Apr 2021 Windsor Framework released Feb 2023 Windsor framework adopted Mar 2023 :
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Following a 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom exited from the European Union at the end of January 2020. Since leaving the EU, numerous polling organisations have conducted surveys to gauge public opinion on rejoining the organisation. The trend of the poll data shows that, over time, support for Brexit has waned, while public opinion in the UK has gradually moved in favour of rejoining the EU (either totally, or partially, such as joining the European single market).

## History

A referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union took place in 2016, following the European Union Referendum Act being approved by parliament the previous year. Most political parties, including Labour and the Liberal Democrats, supported remaining in the European Union while the governing Conservative Party remained neutral, with the prime minister, David Cameron, supporting the UK remaining in the European Union. A majority of voters supported the UK leaving the European Union, with 51.9% voting in favour of leaving and 48.1% in favour of remaining. Cameron resigned, and was succeeded by Theresa May and, later, Boris Johnson, both of whom negotiated the terms of the UK's departure. The UK's departure from the European Union led to two early general elections in 2017 and 2019, and dominated British politics until 31 January 2020, when the country's membership of the European Union ended.
In September 2023, thousands of people participated in a march in London campaigning for the United Kingdom to rejoin the EU. Also in September 2023, France and Germany proposed a restructuring of the membership of the EU to allow the UK to rejoin as an associate member, rather than a full member. Associate membership would include membership of the European single market but not the EU customs union, in exchange for participation in the European Court of Justice and making contributions to the EU budget. The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, expressed her support for the UK eventually rejoining the EU. In September 2023 Keir Starmer, leader of the Labour Party and the now-Prime Minister of the UK, ruled out the possibility of the UK rejoining the EU under a Starmer-led Labour government.

## Process

Potential enlargement of the European Union is governed by Article 49 of the Maastricht Treaty. If the UK applied to rejoin the EU, it would need to apply and have its application terms supported unanimously by the EU member states. In January 2020, the political scientist Anthony Salamone wrote that member state support would seek "significant, stable and long-lasting majority public opinion in favour of rejoining", suggesting sustained 60% support would be a plausible minimum. New negotiated terms may also require the UK's participation in the Eurozone and Schengen Area, as well as offering fewer concessions than the UK previously received as a member. Any concessions sought when joining would need unanimous support from member states and a majority in the European Parliament.

## Political positions

Some UK political parties have policy proposals for the United Kingdom, or its member countries, to rejoin the European Union in the future, while others have ruled out supporting it.
| Political party | Position |
| Alba Party | EFTA and EEA |
| Conservative Party | Stay out |
| Green Party of England and Wales | Rejoin |
| Labour Party | Stay out |
| Liberal Democrats | Rejoin |
| Plaid Cymru | Rejoin |
| Reform UK | Stay out |
| Scottish Greens | Rejoin |
| Scottish National Party (SNP) | Rejoin |
| Workers Party | Stay out |
* 1 2 3 As an independent Scotland
* ↑ The party stated in 2024 that this is a "longer term objective"
* ↑ As an independent Wales. The party also wishes for the UK to rejoin the single market and customs union immediately.
An All-Party Parliamentary Group on Europe was set up in October 2024, with the aim of promoting closer ties with the EU. Its secretariat services are provided by the European Movement UK.

## Opinion polling
### Graphical summary

The chart below shows opinion polls conducted about whether the United Kingdom should rejoin the European Union. The trend lines are local regressions (LOESS).
The blue line is rejoin and the red is stay out.

### National polls

Polling of British voters on whether the United Kingdom should rejoin the European Union. Polling includes only those that explicitly ask how the responder would vote in a hypothetical referendum on the United Kingdom rejoining the European Union, rather than repeating the remain/leave question of the 2016 referendum.

#### 2025

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 25–26 Feb 2025 | BMG Research | The i | 1,586 | 45% | 40% | 15% | 5% |
| 5–6 Feb 2025 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,117 | 48% | 32% | 19% | 16% |
| 28–29 Jan 2025 | BMG Research | The i | 1,514 | 45% | 37% | 18% | 8% |
| 20–21 Jan 2025 | YouGov | N/A | 2,225 | 51% | 31% | 19% | 20% |
| 12–13 Jan 2025 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,283 | 48% | 33% | 20% | 15% |
| 30 Dec – 3 Jan 2025 | Deltapoll | Mail on Sunday | 1,532 | 48% | 36% | 16% | 12% |

#### 2024

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 19–23 Dec 2024 | Deltapoll | The Mirror | 1,552 | 45% | 38% | 16% | 7% |
| 6–8 Dec 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,119 | 45% | 32% | 23% | 13% |
| 26–27 Nov 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,531 | 44% | 40% | 17% | 4% |
| 14–18 Nov 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,749 | 48% | 35% | 17% | 13% |
| 30–31 Oct 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,511 | 44% | 38% | 19% | 6% |
| 18–20 Oct 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,098 | 47% | 31% | 22% | 16% |
| 4–7 Oct 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,108 | 47% | 38% | 15% | 9% |
| 2–3 Oct 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,562 | 43% | 39% | 17% | 4% |
| 10–11 Sep 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,212 | 48% | 30% | 22% | 18% |
| 29 Aug 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,560 | 46% | 37% | 17% | 9% |
| 19 Aug 2024 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 51% | 40% | 8% | 11% |
| 12–13 Aug 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,189 | 46% | 33% | 20% | 13% |
| 7–8 Aug 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,278 | 43% | 32% | 25% | 11% |
| 5–7 Aug 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,523 | 44% | 37% | 19% | 7% |
| 25–26 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 2,012 | 39% | 33% | 28% | 6% |
| 23–24 Jul 2024 | YouGov | N/A | 2,032 | 48% | 33% | 19% | 15% |
| 18–19 Jul 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,074 | 49% | 32% | 18% | 17% |
| 11–12 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 2,005 | 40% | 35% | 25% | 5% |
| 2–3 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,325 | 47% | 35% | 18% | 12% |
| 29 Jun – 3 Jul 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,737 | 49% | 38% | 14% | 11% |
| 30 Jun – 2 Jul 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,854 | 46% | 37% | 18% | 9% |
| 27–29 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | The Mail on Sunday | 1,645 | 47% | 39% | 13% | 8% |
| 27–28 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,210 | 47% | 34% | 19% | 13% |
| 24–26 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | The National | 2,077 | 46% | 37% | 16% | 9% |
| 24–26 Jun 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,522 | 47% | 38% | 14% | 9% |
| 21–24 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,568 | 50% | 35% | 16% | 15% |
| 20–21 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 50% | 31% | 18% | 19% |
| 18–19 Jun 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,627 | 47% | 38% | 15% | 9% |
| 14–17 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,383 | 45% | 41% | 13% | 4% |
| 13–14 Jun 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,292 | 48% | 33% | 19% | 15% |
| 12–13 Jun 2024 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 55% | 35% | 10% | 20% |
| 12–13 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,297 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 11–12 Jun 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,546 | 47% | 39% | 15% | 8% |
| 6–8 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | Mail on Sunday | 2,010 | 50% | 35% | 15% | 15% |
| 6–7 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,198 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 4–5 Jun 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,534 | 45% | 38% | 17% | 7% |
| 31 May – 3 Jun 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,077 | 51% | 34% | 15% | 17% |
| 30 May – 3 Jun 2024 | Verian | N/A | 1,405 | 56% | 28% | 17% | 28% |
| 30–31 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,328 | 47% | 34% | 19% | 13% |
| 28–29 May 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,500 | 44% | 41% | 15% | 3% |
| 23–25 May 2024 | Deltapoll | Mail on Sunday | 1,517 | 51% | 35% | 13% | 16% |
| 23–24 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,242 | 48% | 31% | 21% | 17% |
| 17–20 May 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,968 | 49% | 36% | 16% | 13% |
| 16–17 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,064 | 49% | 31% | 20% | 18% |
| 10–13 May 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,031 | 45% | 36% | 19% | 9% |
| 9–10 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,183 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 3–7 May 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,993 | 48% | 38% | 15% | 10% |
| 2–5 May 2024 | JL Partners | The Rest is Politics | 2,001 | 47% | 36% | 16% | 11% |
| 2–3 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,177 | 46% | 33% | 21% | 13% |
| 26–29 Apr 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,577 | 47% | 36% | 17% | 11% |
| 25–26 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,265 | 48% | 31% | 21% | 17% |
| 22–23 Apr 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,500 | 47% | 39% | 14% | 8% |
| 19–22 Apr 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,525 | 49% | 35% | 16% | 14% |
| 18–19 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,266 | 48% | 33% | 19% | 15% |
| 17–18 Apr 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,147 | 49% | 32% | 20% | 17% |
| 16–17 Apr 2024 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 55% | 38% | 8% | 17% |
| 12–15 Apr 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,944 | 51% | 35% | 14% | 16% |
| 11–12 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,271 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 4–7 Apr 2024 | JL Partners | The Rest is Politics | 2,011 | 48% | 36% | 15% | 12% |
| 4–5 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,280 | 49% | 32% | 19% | 17% |
| 2–3 Apr 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,530 | 46% | 40% | 14% | 6% |
| 27–28 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,285 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 22–25 Mar 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,589 | 47% | 37% | 16% | 10% |
| 21–22 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 48% | 32% | 19% | 16% |
| 15–18 Mar 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,072 | 49% | 36% | 16% | 13% |
| 14–15 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 49% | 34% | 17% | 15% |
| 12–13 Mar 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,047 | 49% | 30% | 21% | 19% |
| 8–11 Mar 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,502 | 47% | 40% | 14% | 7% |
| 7–8 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,216 | 46% | 34% | 20% | 12% |
| 6–7 Mar 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,541 | 45% | 41% | 14% | 4% |
| 1–4 Mar 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,500 | 46% | 39% | 15% | 7% |
| 29 Feb – 1 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,240 | 50% | 33% | 17% | 17% |
| 23–26 Feb 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,490 | 49% | 36% | 15% | 13% |
| 22–23 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,243 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 16–19 Feb 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,519 | 45% | 38% | 16% | 7% |
| 15–16 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,246 | 47% | 33% | 20% | 14% |
| 15–16 Feb 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,186 | 47% | 32% | 21% | 15% |
| 13–14 Feb 2024 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 55% | 36% | 8% | 19% |
| 9–12 Feb 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,977 | 46% | 39% | 15% | 7% |
| 8–9 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,171 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 2–5 Feb 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,004 | 47% | 37% | 15% | 10% |
| 1–2 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,283 | 52% | 31% | 18% | 21% |
| 30–31 Jan 2024 | BMG Research | The i | 1,505 | 46% | 41% | 13% | 5% |
| 26–29 Jan 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,064 | 47% | 38% | 14% | 9% |
| 25–26 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,264 | 50% | 33% | 18% | 17% |
| 19–22 Jan 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,176 | 47% | 37% | 16% | 10% |
| 18–19 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,163 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 12–15 Jan 2024 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,136 | 46% | 38% | 15% | 8% |
| 11–12 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,161 | 50% | 33% | 17% | 17% |
| 11–12 Jan 2024 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,058 | 47% | 31% | 22% | 16% |
| 4–5 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,226 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 2–3 Jan 2024 | YouGov | N/A | 2,016 | 51% | 36% | 13% | 15% |

#### 2023

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 29–31 Dec 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,194 | 46% | 31% | 23% | 15% |
| 28–30 Dec 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,181 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 22–29 Dec 2023 | Deltapoll | Daily Mirror | 1,642 | 47% | 39% | 14% | 8% |
| 20–22 Dec 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,177 | 48% | 34% | 18% | 14% |
| 14–15 Dec 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,065 | 46% | 34% | 20% | 12% |
| 10–11 Dec 2023 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 52% | 40% | 8% | 12% |
| 8–11 Dec 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,005 | 44% | 41% | 15% | 3% |
| 7–8 Dec 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,201 | 46% | 34% | 20% | 12% |
| 1–4 Dec 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,000 | 45% | 40% | 15% | 5% |
| 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,123 | 46% | 31% | 23% | 15% |
| 28–30 Nov 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,502 | 42% | 43% | 15% | 1% |
| 24–27 Nov 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,996 | 48% | 36% | 15% | 12% |
| 23–24 Nov 2023 | We Think | N/A | 1,119 | 50% | 33% | 17% | 17% |
| 16–20 Nov 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,565 | 46% | 37% | 17% | 9% |
| 16–17 Nov 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,150 | 47% | 34% | 19% | 13% |
| 15–16 Nov 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,007 | 46% | 32% | 22% | 14% |
| 10–13 Nov 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,840 | 48% | 37% | 15% | 11% |
| 9–10 Nov 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,147 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 3–6 Nov 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,021 | 48% | 38% | 14% | 10% |
| 2–3 Nov 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,155 | 49% | 32% | 19% | 17% |
| 27–30 Oct 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,546 | 46% | 36% | 18% | 10% |
| 26–27 Oct 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,189 | 45% | 35% | 20% | 10% |
| 21 Oct 2023 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 55% | 38% | 8% | 17% |
| 19–20 Oct 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,185 | 48% | 33% | 19% | 15% |
| 19–20 Oct 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,036 | 49% | 39% | 11% | 10% |
| 13–16 Oct 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,568 | 46% | 37% | 17% | 9% |
| 12–13 Oct 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,198 | 52% | 30% | 18% | 22% |
| 11–12 Oct 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,591 | 44% | 41% | 16% | 3% |
| 11–12 Oct 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,067 | 47% | 34% | 19% | 13% |
| 5–6 Oct 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,261 | 46% | 33% | 21% | 13% |
| 5–6 Oct 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,517 | 46% | 39% | 14% | 7% |
| 4–5 Oct 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,502 | 44% | 40% | 16% | 4% |
| 29 Sep – 2 Oct 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,516 | 49% | 38% | 13% | 11% |
| 28–29 Sep 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,285 | 48% | 36% | 17% | 12% |
| 22–25 Sep 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,507 | 48% | 36% | 16% | 12% |
| 21–22 Sep 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,313 | 48% | 31% | 22% | 17% |
| 14–15 Sep 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,268 | 50% | 31% | 18% | 19% |
| 11–15 Sep 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 2,039 | 49% | 38% | 12% | 11% |
| 7–8 Sep 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,268 | 47% | 32% | 20% | 15% |
| 24–25 Aug 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,061 | 48% | 35% | 17% | 13% |
| 22–23 Aug 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,562 | 47% | 39% | 14% | 8% |
| 22–23 Aug 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,356 | 48% | 31% | 21% | 17% |
| 19–20 Aug 2023 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 57% | 35% | 8% | 22% |
| 17–21 Aug 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,520 | 46% | 34% | 21% | 12% |
| 17–18 Aug 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,315 | 48% | 31% | 21% | 17% |
| 10–11 Aug 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,345 | 50% | 30% | 20% | 20% |
| 10–11 Aug 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,066 | 49% | 32% | 18% | 17% |
| 9–11 Aug 2023 | Deltapoll | Mail on Sunday | 1,504 | 48% | 34% | 17% | 14% |
| 8–9 Aug 2023 | YouGov | N/A | 2,101 | 50% | 30% | 20% | 20% |
| 4–7 Aug 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,023 | 50% | 35% | 15% | 15% |
| 3–4 Aug 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,420 | 48% | 31% | 20% | 17% |
| 27–28 Jul 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,339 | 50% | 31% | 19% | 19% |
| 20–21 Jul 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,380 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 19–20 Jul 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,069 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 14–17 Jul 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,000 | 48% | 38% | 15% | 10% |
| 13–14 Jul 2023 | YouGov | N/A | 2,151 | 51% | 31% | 18% | 20% |
| 13–14 Jul 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,312 | 48% | 34% | 18% | 14% |
| 6–7 Jul 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,312 | 49% | 32% | 19% | 17% |
| 29–30 Jun 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,351 | 47% | 32% | 22% | 15% |
| 27–29 Jun 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,500 | 45% | 40% | 15% | 5% |
| 25–26 Jun 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,524 | 46% | 39% | 15% | 7% |
| 22–23 Jun 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,336 | 50% | 31% | 20% | 19% |
| 17–19 Jun 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,961 | 45% | 32% | 23% | 13% |
| 16–19 Jun 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,554 | 47% | 37% | 15% | 10% |
| 15–16 Jun 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,306 | 47% | 31% | 21% | 16% |
| 8–9 Jun 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,296 | 47% | 32% | 20% | 15% |
| 1–2 Jun 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,351 | 49% | 31% | 20% | 18% |
| 30–31 May 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,529 | 49% | 36% | 14% | 13% |
| 26–27 May 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,361 | 47% | 33% | 20% | 14% |
| 19–22 May 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,575 | 48% | 38% | 14% | 10% |
| 17–18 May 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,361 | 47% | 33% | 20% | 14% |
| 15–16 May 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,037 | 46% | 33% | 22% | 13% |
| 12–15 May 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,511 | 46% | 39% | 15% | 7% |
| 12–13 May 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,355 | 47% | 33% | 9% | 14% |
| 5–9 May 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,550 | 48% | 38% | 14% | 10% |
| 4–5 May 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,210 | 50% | 30% | 20% | 20% |
| 3–4 May 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,534 | 45% | 38% | 16% | 7% |
| 28 Apr – 2 May 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,561 | 46% | 37% | 18% | 9% |
| 26–27 Apr 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,193 | 48% | 31% | 20% | 17% |
| 24–26 Apr 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,576 | 48% | 37% | 16% | 11% |
| 19–20 Apr 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,318 | 49% | 31% | 21% | 18% |
| 18 Apr 2023 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 56% | 37% | 7% | 19% |
| 13–17 Apr 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,567 | 48% | 38% | 14% | 10% |
| 12–13 Apr 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,204 | 46% | 35% | 19% | 11% |
| 11–12 Apr 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,985 | 47% | 33% | 20% | 14% |
| 5–6 Apr 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,204 | 46% | 34% | 20% | 12% |
| 31 Mar – 3 Apr 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,587 | 48% | 38% | 14% | 10% |
| 28–29 Mar 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,344 | 49% | 32% | 19% | 17% |
| 24–27 Mar 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,344 | 42% | 41% | 17% | 1% |
| 22–23 Mar 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,382 | 48% | 33% | 19% | 15% |
| 17–20 Mar 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,054 | 47% | 39% | 14% | 8% |
| 15–16 Mar 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,126 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 15–16 Mar 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,546 | 45% | 40% | 14% | 5% |
| 10–13 Mar 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,561 | 48% | 38% | 13% | 10% |
| 9–10 Mar 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,004 | 45% | 33% | 23% | 12% |
| 8–9 Mar 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,323 | 52% | 30% | 18% | 22% |
| 2–6 Mar 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,063 | 51% | 37% | 12% | 14% |
| 1–2 Mar 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,284 | 47% | 32% | 22% | 15% |
| 24–27 Feb 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,060 | 48% | 38% | 13% | 10% |
| 22–23 Feb 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,248 | 43% | 35% | 21% | 8% |
| 21–23 Feb 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,500 | 45% | 41% | 14% | 4% |
| 20 Feb 2023 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 56% | 36% | 8% | 20% |
| 17–20 Feb 2023 | Deltapoll | N/A | 1,079 | 50% | 38% | 12% | 12% |
| 15–16 Feb 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,204 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 11–15 Feb 2023 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 2,062 | 48% | 32% | 20% | 16% |
| 9–10 Feb 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,234 | 45% | 32% | 23% | 13% |
| 2–3 Feb 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,255 | 49% | 30% | 21% | 19% |
| 26–27 Jan 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,257 | 49% | 29% | 22% | 20% |
| 24–26 Jan 2023 | BMG Research | The i | 1,502 | 43% | 41% | 17% | 2% |
| 19–20 Jan 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,217 | 47% | 31% | 22% | 16% |
| 11–12 Jan 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,247 | 44% | 31% | 25% | 13% |
| 5–6 Jan 2023 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,285 | 49% | 30% | 21% | 19% |

#### 2022

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 21–22 Dec 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,243 | 45% | 32% | 23% | 13% |
| 15–16 Dec 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,216 | 45% | 32% | 23% | 13% |
| 14–15 Dec 2022 | YouGov | The Times | 1,690 | 47% | 34% | 18% | 13% |
| 8–9 Dec 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,294 | 44% | 34% | 22% | 10% |
| 7–8 Dec 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 52% | 41% | 7% | 11% |
| 1–2 Dec 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,172 | 45% | 33% | 22% | 12% |
| 29 Nov – 1 Dec 2022 | BMG Research | The i | 1,571 | 45% | 41% | 14% | 4% |
| 23–24 Nov 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,172 | 49% | 37% | 14% | 12% |
| 17–18 Nov 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,159 | 53% | 34% | 14% | 19% |
| 14–15 Nov 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,689 | 48% | 33% | 18% | 15% |
| 10–11 Nov 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,181 | 48% | 37% | 16% | 11% |
| 3–4 Nov 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,352 | 48% | 35% | 17% | 13% |
| 27–28 Oct 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,568 | 51% | 35% | 14% | 16% |
| 24–26 Oct 2022 | BMG Research | The i | 1,353 | 44% | 40% | 14% | 4% |
| 21–22 Oct 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,353 | 50% | 32% | 18% | 18% |
| 20 Oct 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,382 | 49% | 37% | 13% | 12% |
| 19 Oct 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 1,500 | 52% | 39% | 8% | 13% |
| 13–14 Oct 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,403 | 51% | 35% | 14% | 16% |
| 6–7 Oct 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,328 | 47% | 33% | 20% | 14% |
| 29–30 Sep 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,320 | 42% | 36% | 22% | 6% |
| 23–26 Sep 2022 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,307 | 49% | 31% | 19% | 18% |
| 20–21 Sep 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,704 | 46% | 36% | 19% | 10% |
| 19 Aug 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 1,500 | 49% | 42% | 9% | 7% |
| 4–5 Aug 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,669 | 45% | 37% | 19% | 8% |
| 10–11 Jul 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,684 | 45% | 38% | 17% | 7% |
| 19–20 Jun 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 48% | 43% | 9% | 5% |
| 9–10 Jun 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,739 | 45% | 36% | 20% | 9% |
| 16–17 May 2022 | YouGov | N/A | 1,669 | 41% | 38% | 21% | 3% |
| 19 Apr 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 45% | 47% | 8% | 2% |
| 13–14 Apr 2022 | Deltapoll | Mail on Sunday | 1,550 | 47% | 40% | 14% | 7% |
| 9–11 Apr 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,915 | 43% | 38% | 19% | 5% |
| 16–17 Mar 2022 | YouGov | N/A | 1,761 | 43% | 35% | 22% | 8% |
| 20 Feb 2022 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 2,000 | 41% | 50% | 9% | 9% |
| 10–11 Feb 2022 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,720 | 44% | 36% | 19% | 8% |
| 17–18 Jan 2022 | YouGov | N/A | 1,695 | 42% | 39% | 19% | 3% |

#### 2021

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 23 Dec 2021 | Opinium | The Observer | 1,904 | 41% | 42% | 17% | 1% |
| 13 Dec 2021 | Kantar | N/A | 1,074 | 36% | 33% | 30% | 3% |
| 10–12 Dec 2021 | Savanta ComRes | The Independent | 2,096 | 44% | 43% | 10% | 1% |
| 2–3 Dec 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,703 | 45% | 37% | 18% | 8% |
| 22 Nov 2021 | Kantar | N/A | 1,119 | 34% | 32% | 34% | 2% |
| 16–17 Nov 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,712 | 44% | 39% | 16% | 5% |
| 9 Nov 2021 | Redfield & Wilton Strategies | UK in a Changing Europe | 1,500 | 44% | 50% | 6% | 6% |
| 5–7 Nov 2021 | ComRes | N/A | 1,687 | 48% | 41% | 12% | 7% |
| 12–13 Oct 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,659 | 41% | 37% | 22% | 4% |
| 15–16 Sep 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,635 | 41% | 39% | 21% | 2% |
| 12–13 Aug 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,767 | 41% | 41% | 18% | Tie |
| 20–21 Jul 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,767 | 39% | 41% | 20% | 2% |
| 22–23 Jun 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,711 | 39% | 41% | 20% | 2% |
| 18–20 Jun 2021 | ComRes | N/A | 2,191 | 42% | 42% | 16% | Tie |
| 24–25 May 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,622 | 39% | 44% | 17% | 5% |
| 22–26 Apr 2021 | Kantar | N/A | 1,115 | 31% | 37% | 32% | 6% |
| 21–22 Apr 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,730 | 38% | 43% | 19% | 5% |
| 16–19 Mar 2021 | BMG Research | The Independent | 1,498 | 43% | 49% | 8% | 6% |
| 15–16 Mar 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,672 | 40% | 41% | 18% | 1% |
| 18–22 Feb 2021 | Kantar | N/A | 1,114 | 33% | 33% | 35% | Tie |
| 16–17 Feb 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,697 | 39% | 41% | 20% | 2% |
| 21–25 Jan 2021 | Kantar | N/A | 1,100 | 34% | 37% | 29% | 3% |
| 19–25 Jan 2021 | YouGov | The Times | 3,312 | 42% | 40% | 18% | 2% |
| 18–19 Jan 2021 | YouGov | Eurotrack | 1,697 | 42% | 40% | 18% | 2% |

#### 2020

| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 10–14 Dec 2020 | Kantar | N/A | 1,137 | 32% | 34% | 34% | 2% |
| 5–9 Nov 2020 | Kantar | N/A | 1,141 | 37% | 33% | 30% | 4% |
| 17–21 Sep 2020 | Kantar | N/A | 1,125 | 31% | 38% | 31% | 7% |
| 10–11 Aug 2020 | YouGov | N/A | 1,595 | 43% | 39% | 18% | 4% |
| 6–10 Aug 2020 | Kantar | N/A | 1,161 | 37% | 33% | 30% | 4% |
| 2–26 Jul 2020 | NatCen | The UK in a Changing Europe | 2,413 | 47% | 39% | 14% | 8% |
| 9–13 Jul 2020 | Kantar | N/A | 1,131 | 33% | 39% | 28% | 6% |
| 21–22 May 2020 | YouGov | Handelsblatt | 1,669 | 42% | 41% | 18% | 1% |
| 7–9 Apr 2020 | BMG Research | The Independent | 1,371 | 43% | 47% | 10% | 4% |
| 24–26 Mar 2020 | Number Cruncher Politics | Bloomberg | 1,010 | 38% | 47% | 14% | 9% |
| 3–6 Mar 2020 | BMG Research | The Independent | 1,337 | 40% | 48% | 12% | 8% |
| 4–7 Feb 2020 | BMG Research | The Independent | 1,503 | 42% | 46% | 12% | 4% |
| 4–5 Feb 2020 | YouGov | Handelsblatt | 1,578 | 42% | 40% | 20% | 2% |

### Specialist opinion polling
#### Conditioning Accession on Euro Adoption

During the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, it did not seek to adopt the Euro and attained an opt-out as a part of the Maastricht Treaty negotiations.
WeThink, the public polling arm of Omnisis, began including a supplementary question as a part of its Brexit polling assessing how Euro adoption would influence voting intentions on a hypothetical referendum on re-joining the European Union.
Question: A condition of rejoining might be the adoption of the euro as currency. If the UK did have to adopt the euro how do you think you would vote if there was a referendum on EU membership tomorrow? :
| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Re-Join the EU | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 7–8 Aug 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,278 | 34% | 41% | 26% | 7% |
| 25–26 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 2,012 | 31% | 41% | 28% | 10% |
| 11–12 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 2,005 | 34% | 39% | 27% | 5% |
| 2–3 Jul 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,325 | 37% | 43% | 20% | 6% |
| 27–28 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,210 | 39% | 42% | 19% | 3% |
| 20–21 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 39% | 40% | 20% | 1% |
| 12–13 Jun 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,297 | 37% | 43% | 20% | 6% |
| 6–7 Jun 2024 | WeThink | N/A | 1,198 | 39% | 41% | 20% | 2% |
| 30–31 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,328 | 38% | 43% | 20% | 5% |
| 23–24 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,242 | 38% | 39% | 24% | 1% |
| 16–17 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,064 | 39% | 39% | 22% | Tie |
| 9–10 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,183 | 39% | 41% | 20% | 2% |
| 2–3 May 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,177 | 35% | 43% | 21% | 8% |
| 25–26 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,265 | 38% | 38% | 23% | Tie |
| 18–19 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,266 | 38% | 42% | 20% | 4% |
| 11–12 Apr 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,271 | 37% | 42% | 20% | 5% |
| 4–5 Apr 2024 | WeThink | N/A | 1,280 | 37% | 40% | 23% | 3% |
| 21–22 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 38% | 41% | 21% | 3% |
| 14–15 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,270 | 35% | 45% | 19% | 10% |
| 7–8 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,216 | 38% | 40% | 21% | 2% |
| 29 Feb – 1 Mar 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,240 | 39% | 42% | 20% | 3% |
| 22–23 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,243 | 39% | 42% | 20% | 3% |
| 15–16 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,246 | 36% | 41% | 23% | 5% |
| 8–9 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,171 | 37% | 42% | 21% | 5% |
| 1–2 Feb 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,283 | 39% | 42% | 19% | 3% |
| 25–26 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,264 | 39% | 42% | 19% | 3% |
| 18–19 Jan 2024 | Omnisis | N/A | 1,163 | 39% | 40% | 21% | 1% |
Prior to January 2024, Opinium, as published by WeThink, asked the following two questions;
   Would the requirement to adopt the Euro as currency change your decision? Would the requirement to adopt the Euro as currency change your decision to rejoin the EU if you would vote to rejoin? referendum on EU membership tomorrow?
The available responses were;
   I would still want the UK to rejoin the EU if adopting the Euro was a requirement
   I would not want the UK to rejoin the EU if adopting the Euro was a requirement
   I would only want the UK to rejoin the EU if we were able to keep Sterling as our currency

#### Young voters

Starting in April 2023, Savanta – commissioned by Peston, ITV's flagship political discussion programme – conducts polls of young people aged 18 to 25 on a range of issues, including their views on the UK rejoining the European Union.
Question: If there was a referendum now on whether the UK should or should not join the EU tomorrow with the question, 'Should the United Kingdom become a member of the European Union or not become a member of the European Union?', how would you vote? :
| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Join the EU | Stay out | Neither | Lead |
| 22–26 Sep 2023 | Savanta | Peston | 1,021 | 66% | 15% | 18% | 51% |
| 28 Apr – 3 May 2023 | Savanta | Peston | 1,021 | 77% | 13% | 11% | 64% |

#### Change of relationship

From November 2024, Opinium starting polling regarding a change of relationship with the EU.
Question: Thinking about Brexit, which of the following comes closest to your view? :
| Dates conducted | Pollster | Client | Sample size | Rejoin | Closer | The same | More distant | Don't know |
| 22–24 Jan 2025 | Opinium | The Observer | 2,050 | 33% | 23% | 17% | 14% | 13% |
| 18–20 Dec 2024 | Opinium | The Observer | 2,010 | 32% | 24% | 17% | 14% | 13% |
| 27–29 Nov 2024 | Opinium | The Observer | 2,050 | 32% | 23% | 18% | 14% | 13% |
The available responses were;
   We should rejoin the EU
   We should remain outside the EU but negotiate a closer relationship with them than we have now
   We should remain outside the EU and keep the same relationship with the EU as we have now
   We should remain outside the EU and negotiate a more distant relationship with them than we have now

#### Holding a referendum

In January 2023, Savanta published a poll of 2,065 British adults, which included a question regarding support for a referendum on the UK rejoining the EU. A combined total of 65% were in favour of such a referendum now or at some point in the future and 24% were opposed to such a referendum.
Question: When do you think, if at all, there should next be a referendum on whether or not the UK should re-join or stay out of the European Union?
| Now | 22% |
| In the next five years | 24% |
| In the next 6–10 years | 11% |
| In the next 11–20 years | 4% |
| In more than 20 years time | 4% |
| Never | 24% |
| Don't know | 11% |

### In the European Union
#### Fifth anniversary polling

In 2021, for the fifth anniversary of the UK's EU membership referendum, Euronews commissioned an opinion poll conducted by Redfield & Wilton Strategies of attitudes to the European Union and Brexit in the EU's four largest countries. Redfield & Wilton polled 1,500 people in each member-state between the 6th and 7th of June 2021. The poll included the following question about how responders would feel about the UK re-joining the EU:
Question: Would you support or oppose the UK re-joining the EU? :
| Member states | Support | Oppose | Neither | Don't know | Lead |
| France | 36% | 18% | 34% | 12% | 18% |
| Germany | 40% | 19% | 30% | 11% | 21% |
| Italy | 43% | 14% | 34% | 8% | 29% |
| Spain | 46% | 16% | 31% | 7% | 30% |

#### Polling on a Franco-German four-tier EU Structure

Following reports in 2023 of a Franco-German proposal for a four-tiered EU structure, YouGov Eurotrack conducted polling in several EU Member States. This polling included attitudes towards further EU enlargement. People from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden were asked;
Question: “Do you think each of the following countries should or should not be allowed to join the European Union at this time?” :
| Member states | Sample size | UK should be allowed to join | UK should not be allowed to join | Don't know | Lead |
Fieldwork was conducted between the 6th and 26th of October 2023.