OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# LaGrange Township, Michigan

LaGrange Township is a civil township of Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,787 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

LaGrange Township is located just northwest of the center of Cass County. It is bordered by the city of Dowagiac to the northwest. The village of Cassopolis, the Cass County seat, is in the southeast part of the township. The unincorporated community of LaGrange is in the center of the township, at the west end of LaGrange Lake.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.6 square miles (89.7 km$^2$), of which 33.2 square miles (85.9 km$^2$) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.8 km$^2$), or 4.19%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,340 people, 1,351 households, and 909 families residing in the township. The population density was 99.6 inhabitants per square mile (38.5/km$^2$). There were 1,607 housing units at an average density of 47.9 per square mile (18.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 72.69% White, 18.89% African American, 0.42% Native American, 2.22% Asian, 1.08% from other races, and 4.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.86% of the population.
There were 1,351 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,566, and the median income for a family was $45,066. Males had a median income of $33,830 versus $23,542 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,221. About 6.3% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Much of the township is zoned to Cassopolis Public Schools. Other parts are zoned to Dowagiac Union Schools.
# Ariane flight VA262

Ariane flight VA262 was the maiden flight of the Ariane 6, carrying a 1,600-kilogram (3,500 lb) payload, consisting of a mass simulator, plus a number of small CubeSats and other experiments as rideshare payloads.

## Mission

The launch experienced a one-hour delay due to a data acquisition system issue. Despite this, the countdown resumed smoothly, and the rocket lifted off successfully at 19:00 UTC, flying a northeastern trajectory that took it over Europe. During the initial launch, the initial stages, including the two P120C solid rocket boosters and core stage, performed as expected. The upper stage ignited at the T+8-minute mark and performed a ten-minute burn to establish a preliminary orbit. Following a coasting phase, the upper stage reignited at T+56 minutes for a successful 22-second burn, placing it in a circular orbit. Cubesats were deployed according to schedule at this point. However, during the mission's final phase, the auxiliary propulsion system (APU) malfunctioned at T+1 hour and 14 minutes.
The APU performs two critical functions in the re-ignition of the upper stage's Vinci engine. First, the APU heats up small amounts of propellant inside a 3D-printed gas generator and the gas it creates is injected back into the tanks to re-pressurize them. Secondly, the APU can produce a low level of thrust, to either settle floating propellant in the tanks before re-ignition of the Vinci engine or to make fine orbital adjustments (similar to a thruster).
The failure of the APU prevented the planned third burn at T+2 hours and 37 minutes. The third burn was considered an important test for future Ariane 6 missions and as part of ESA's efforts to leave zero launch debris in space.
The plan was for this third burn to direct the upper stage into a safe deorbit over the Pacific Ocean and release the two reentry capsule experiments. The failure left the upper stage stranded in a 580-kilometre (360 mi) circular orbit. At this altitude, their natural orbital decay due to atmospheric drag is expected to take decades.

## Payload

The payload was primarily a mass simulator but carried multiple rideshare payloads. They include five experiments (PariSat by GAREF, Peregrinus by Sint-Pieterscollege, LIFI by OLEDCOMM, SIDLOC by Libre Space and YPSat by ESA) and eight CubeSats (OOV-Cube by RapidCube, Curium One by PTS, ISTSat by University of Lisbon, 3Cat-4 by Polytechnic University of Catalonia, GRBBeta by Spacemanic, ROBUSTA-3 by University of Montpellier, CURIE by NASA and Replicator by Orbital Matter), which were deployed correctly. The launch also carried two reentry capsules (SpaceCase SC-X01 by ArianeGroup and Nyx Bikini by The Exploration Company) that were slated to be deployed after the second stage was to be deorbited, but the vehicle did not make reentry as planned.
# Penn Township, Michigan

Penn Township is a civil township of Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,755 at the 2020 census.
Penn Township is the location of the Bonine House, a lookout post on the Underground Railroad, on the corner of M-60 and Penn Road. Vandalia, located within Penn Township, also was affiliated with the Underground Railroad.

## Communities

* Geneva was platted in 1831. It was the county seat at the time but not for much longer. The area is now known as Shore Acres.

## Geography

Penn Township is located just northeast of the center of Cass County. The village of Vandalia is in the southeast part of the township.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.7 km$^2$), of which 33.6 square miles (86.9 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$), or 5.18%, is water. Diamond Lake in the southwest and Donnell Lake in the southeast are the two largest lakes in the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,902 people, 747 households, and 560 families residing in the township. The population density was 56.5 inhabitants per square mile (21.8/km$^2$). There were 1,280 housing units at an average density of 38.0 per square mile (14.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 82.07% White, 12.36% African American, 0.58% Native American, 2.10% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 2.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.00% of the population.
There were 747 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $38,375, and the median income for a family was $43,077. Males had a median income of $32,167 versus $24,769 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,462. About 9.9% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Most of Penn Township is zoned to Cassopolis Public Schools. A northeast portion is zoned to Marcellus Community Schools.
# Chandler Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan

Chandler Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 284 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* Dot is a historic settlement located within the township. A post office operated here from May 17, 1880 until June 15, 1901.
* Spring Vale is a former lumbering community in the southeastern portion of the township near the county line with Cheboygan County. The community began in 1879 by the dominant Cadillac lumber firm Cobbs & Mitchell, owned by Johnathon Cobbs and George A. Mitchell. A post office named Spring Vale opened on May 6, 1879 with George Mohorter serving as the first postmaster, who operated the post office from his general store. After the decline in the lumber industry, the community was abandoned and torn down by 1925. The community appeared on a 1911 map of Charlevoix County.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.62 square miles (92.26 km$^2$), of which 35.60 square miles (92.20 km$^2$) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km$^2$) (0.06%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 230 people, 86 households, and 62 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.5 inhabitants per square mile (2.5/km$^2$). There were 142 housing units at an average density of 4.0 per square mile (1.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.26% White, 0.43% African American, 0.87% Asian, and 0.43% from two or more races.
There were 86 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $48,542. Males had a median income of $32,083 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,855. About 2.9% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

## Education

Chandler Township is served by two separate school districts. The majority of the township is served by [Petoskey Public Schools][Emmett County] The southeast corner of the township is served by Vanderbilt Area Schools in the village of Vanderbilt to the southeast in Otsego County.
# Durene

Durene, or 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, is an organic compound with the formula C$_6$H$_2$(CH$_3$)$_4$. It is a colourless solid with a sweet odor. The compound is classified as an alkylbenzene. It is one of three isomers of tetramethylbenzene, the other two being prehnitene (1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene) and isodurene (1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene). Durene has an unusually high melting point (79.2 °C), reflecting its high molecular symmetry.

## Production

It is a component of coal tar and was first prepared from pseudocumene in 1870. It is produced by methylation of other methylated benzene compounds such as p-xylene and pseudocumene.
    C$_6$H$_4$(CH$_3$)$_2$ + 2 CH$_3$Cl → C$_6$H$_2$(CH$_3$)$_4$ + 2 HCl
In industry, a mixture of xylenes and trimethylbenzenes is alkylated with methanol. Durene can be separated from its isomers by selective crystallization, exploiting its high melting point. The original synthesis of durene involved a similar reaction starting from toluene.
Durene is a significant byproduct of the production of gasoline from methanol via the "MTG (Methanol to Gasoline) process".

## Reactions and uses

It is a relatively easily oxidized benzene derivative, with E$_{1/2}$ of 2.03 V vs NHE. Its nucleophilicity is comparable to that of phenol. It is readily halogenated on the ring for example. Nitration gives the dinitro derivative, a precursor to duroquinone. In industry, it is the precursor to pyromellitic dianhydride, which is used for manufacturing curing agents, adhesives, coating materials. It is used in the manufacture of some raw materials for engineering plastics (polyimides) and cross-linking agent for alkyd resins. It is also a suitable starting material for the synthesis of hexamethylbenzene.
With a simple proton NMR spectrum comprising two signals due to the 2 aromatic hydrogens (2H) and four methyl groups (12H), durene is used as an internal standard.

## Safety

Durene is not a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer or eye irritant. Durene is only slightly toxic on an acute toxicologic basis and only poses an acute health hazard when ingested in excessive quantities.
# Grant Township, Cheboygan County, Michigan

Grant Township is a civil township of Cheboygan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 810.

## Geography

Grant Township is located in eastern Cheboygan County and is bordered by Presque Isle County to the east. Black Lake occupies the southeastern corner of the township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 57.9 square miles (150.0 km$^2$), of which 48.8 square miles (126.4 km$^2$) is land and 9.1 square miles (23.6 km$^2$), or 15.75%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 947 people, 428 households, and 294 families residing in the township. The population density was 19.4 inhabitants per square mile (7.5/km$^2$). There were 817 housing units at an average density of 16.8 per square mile (6.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.20% White, 0.42% African American, 1.48% Native American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, and 1.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.
There were 428 households, out of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.9% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.63.
In the township the population was spread out, with 17.3% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 27.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $32,000, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $26,964 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,865. About 6.4% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
# RAAF Memorial

RAAF Memorial may refer to:
* Royal Australian Air Force Memorial, Canberra Australia
* RAAF Memorial, West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia
# Metasepia

Metasepia is a small genus of small cuttlefish from the Pacific Ocean. The two members of this genus are characterised by a small, thick, diamond-shaped cuttlebone.

## Species

This genus contains two known species:
* Pfeffer's flamboyant cuttlefish, Metasepia pfefferi
* paintpot cuttlefish, Metasepia tullbergi
# Maria Zhang

Maria Zhang (simplified Chinese: 张至仪; traditional Chinese: 張至儀, pinyin: Zhāng Zhìyí; born 8 August 1999), is a Polish-Chinese actress. She appears as Suki in the 2024 live-action television series titled Avatar: The Last Airbender.

## Early life

Zhang was born in Poland to a Chinese father and a Polish mother. Around age one, Zhang and her parents moved to Beijing, where she grew up. She spent summers with her family in rural Poland and speaks Mandarin Chinese, Polish, and English.
While in Poland at age twelve, Zhang and her sister Zofia Zhang came across a newspaper clipping of a community theater group's casting call. Later, she moved to Southern California to attend USC. Both of Zhang's parents are artists.

## Career

Zhang starred in the 2021 short film All I Ever Wanted. The film was an official selection at the Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival.
In December 2021, Zhang was cast as Suki in the Netflix's Avatar: The Last Airbender. Released in 2024, the series is a live-action adaptation of the original 2005 animated series.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | Continuum | Dayna Hu | Short film, credited as Marysia Zhang |
| 2019 | Dear Mom | Vivian | Short film |
| 2021 | All I Ever Wanted | Jennifer | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2024 | Avatar: The Last Airbender | Suki | Episode: "Warriors" |
| 2025 | The Rookie | Kylie Thomas | 2 episodes |

### Web

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | WorkInProgress: A Comedy Web-Series | Ani Dinh | 5 episodes |
# Chavenon

Chavenon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Chavanon) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

## History

The former name is Ecclesia de Cavenone, the name of a monastery which was destroyed in the French Revolution.

## Transportation

Chavenon station, on the railway between Montluçon and Moulins, was closed for passengers in 1972.

## Government

The following table shows mayors of Chavenon.
| Name | Start | End |
| Bernard Madet | 2001 | 2008 |
| Jean-Pierre Delsaux | 2008 | 2014 |
| François Tarian | 2014 | current |

## Sights

* St Martin's Church, Chavenon, a 12th-century building
* Castle Montgeorges, a 16th-century building
* Château de Saint-Hubert, a 19th-century mansion and now a Russian orthodox monastery with a park drawn by the landscape gardener François-Marie Treyve
* Watermill of Veaux on the river Aumance (the last one on this French river). The Aumance is a tributary of the Cher. This mill is on the Cassini map.
* Manor of Sceauve, which is a former fief.

## Personalities

Born in Chavenon:
* Cécile Desliens (1853–1937), painter
* Marie Desliens (1856–1938), painter
# David Wolman

David Wolman is an American author and journalist. He is a contributing editor at Outside, and has also written for publications such as Wired, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Nature, National Geographic Traveler and BusinessWeek.

## Books

In November 2005, Da Capo Press published his first book, A Left-Hand Turn Around the World: Chasing the Mystery and Meaning of All Things Southpaw. His second book, Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Tangled Story of English Spelling, was published by Collins in October, 2008.
In 2008, Wolman went to Egypt to research an article for Wired about a small group of activists who were using Facebook to organize against the regime. Two years later, some of those activists, including Ahmed Maher, a founder of the April 6 Youth Movement were key figures in the revolution that ultimately overthrew President Hosni Mubarak. Wolman’s novella-length e-book, "The Instigators," tells their story.
The End of Money, published by Da Capo Press in 2012, takes a critical look at cash, from Marco Polo’s fascination with the paper notes he saw circulating in China, to the end of the gold standard. Wolman also explores a growing trend of people using cell phones as replacements for both bank branches and cash, and delves into the parallel worlds of counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting technology.
Wolman has also published a digital collection of works in Firsthand: A Decade of Reportage. His latest book, Aloha Rodeo, the story of three Hawaiian cowboys, was published by William Morrow in May 2019.

## Background

Wolman studied geography and environmental studies at Middlebury College in Vermont. During his time at Middlebury, he completed a semester abroad in Samoa with SIT Study Abroad, a division of the School for International Training based in Brattleboro, Vermont. He later received his Master of Arts degree in journalism from Stanford University and completed a Fulbright journalism grant in Sapporo, Japan. Currently residing in Portland, Oregon, Wolman travels frequently to research topics in science, technology and business.

## Awards

* Fulbright Journalism Fellow, Sapporo, Japan, 2003
* Oregon Arts Commission, Individual Artist Fellowship, 2011
* Society of Environmental Journalists, third place, Outstanding In-depth Reporting, Small Market, 2011
* National Magazine Awards, finalist, Digital Media Reporting, 2012
* American Society of Journalists and Authors, Outstanding Article (Profiles), 2013
# Memphis Cathouse Blues

Memphis Cathouse Blues is a 1982 pornographic film that is a spoof of the Broadway musical The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, and the 1982 film it was made into, starring Burt Reynolds and Dolly Parton. Annette Haven takes over the Parton role of the madam and Mike Horner the Reynolds role as the sheriff.

## Plot

Madam Mavis (Annette Haven) runs a bordello in Memphis, Tennessee. Her exclusive client is Sheriff T.J. Thomson (Mike Horner), but he can't help her against Reverend Pritchit (R.J. Reynolds) who sends Deacon Davis (Herschel Savage) and Brother Pyle (Jon Martin) to demonstrate outside. At last, the demonstrators are soon lured inside to be with Angel (K.C. Valentine), Cherry (Dorothy LeMay), and Rose (Parker). Meanwhile, a woman called Tammy Sue (Danielle) knocks on the door saying someone just tried to rape her. Mavis calms her down and eventually offers her a job. She coaches her with the Sheriff. Rose reminisces about a college guy called Tommy Lee, whose brother Johnny Lee was with Dixie (Lisa De Leeuw). Per tradition, the captain of the winning football team Billy Ray then arrives and gets to be Tammy Sue's first sole client. The Sheriff offers to save the whorehouse by proposing to Mavis. Reverend Pritchit arrives personally to stop the ceremony, but his true face is exposed when Tammy Sue reveals he's the man who tried to rape her.

## Production and release

The film was directed by Louie Lewis for Caballero Home Video, the studio also responsible for such pornographic spoofs as 8 to 4, a spoof of the 1980 film 9 to 5 also originally starring Parton. Porn star Kay Parker, who played the prostitute Rose in the movie, had an uncredited bit role in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas film.
Memphis Cathouse Blues was originally released in 1982, the same year as the film it was based on. A heavily cut version of the film, with a runtime of 48m 19s, was passed by the BBFC in the United Kingdom rated 18 on April 13, 1994.
# History of rugby union matches between Spain and Portugal

Spain (los Leones) and Portugal (os Lobos) have been playing against each other since 1935 when the Leones beat the Lobos in Lisbon 5-6. A total of 42 matches have been played, with Spain having won 27 times, Portugal having won 13 times and 2 matches having been drawn. There is a considerable rivalry between the sides due to the proximity of the two countries in the Iberian Peninsula. Both teams are currently part of the Rugby Europe Championship.

## Summary
### Overall

| Details | Played | Won by Spain | Won by Portugal | Drawn | Spain points | Portugal points |
| In Spain | 21 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 502 | 298 |
| In Portugal | 20 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 414 | 382 |
| Neutral venue | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 17 |
| Overall | 42 | 27 | 13 | 2 | 937 | 697 |