OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerard Davison

Gerard Davison (c. September 1967 – 5 May 2015) was a Northern Irish militant who was a commander of the Provisional IRA. He was shot and killed on 5 May 2015. One of the first operations he was involved in was shooting dead of IPLO Belfast Brigade commander Sammy Ward during the same Night of the Long Knives in Belfast.
Davison was questioned about the murder of Robert McCartney in January 2005. He was released without charge. Davison was one of a number of Provisional IRA members to be expelled from the organisation in relation to the murder. Davison had been a community worker in the working class Markets area of Belfast.

## Death

On 5 May 2015 around 09:00, Davison was shot numerous times at the junction of Lower Stanfield Street and Welsh Street in the Markets area of south Belfast. While police did not identify who killed him, Kevin McGuigan, a former subordinate of Davison's within both the Provisional IRA and Direct Action Against Drugs, was named as the chief suspect after he was also shot dead, reportedly by members of the Provisional IRA, on 12 August 2015. Davidson and McGuigan fell out after Davison had ordered his punishment shooting, following a violent dispute between him and a veteran republican's family, in the early 2000s.
On the evening of the killing, The Guardian’s Henry McDonald reported: “Davison is the most senior pro-peace process republican to have been killed since the IRA ceasefire of 1997. Security sources said it was highly unlikely that any Ulster loyalist group was behind the murders, adding that the killers may instead have come from within the nationalist community, possibly from people who had a longstanding grudge against the victim.”
Following his arrest in Fuengirola in August 2021, it was revealed Gerry ‘The Monk’ Hutch was to be questioned in relation to a weapon used in Davison's killing.
# Tracey McLellan

Tracey Lee McLellan (born 20 May 1970) is a New Zealand politician. From 2020 to 2023, she was a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for the Labour Party. In 2024, she re-entered parliament after the resignation of fellow Labour List MP Rino Tirikatene.

## Early life

McLellan was born in Sydney, Australia in May 1970, before moving to Southland, where she grew up in a state house. Her mother was disabled and unable to work. McLellan moved to Christchurch in 2002. McLellan has a master's degree from Massey University, and a PhD in psychology from the University of Canterbury and worked in academic psychology specialising in sports injuries and concussion, as a research scientist at the University of Canterbury. Later she became a union organiser for the New Zealand Nurses Organisation.

## Political career
### Labour Party activism

McLellan has been a member of the Labour Party since 2011. She was chair of the electorate committee and was joint campaign manager to Ruth Dyson's campaign in the Port Hills electorate at the 2014 election. In May 2019 she won a by-election to become vice president of the Labour Party. Following Nigel Haworth's resignation over his handling of abuse allegations within the party, McLellan (who was a member of a panel which dismissed initial complaints) became acting party president.
She was selected as its candidate for the Banks Peninsula electorate in November 2019, ahead of three other nominees: Reuben Davidson, Joe Davies and Tyrone Fields. In January 2020, McLellan identified ACC and health as portfolios in which she would like to make a difference, but says that her electorate has diverse needs from climate change effects in Sumner and Lyttelton, to education, health, housing and water issues.

### Member of Parliament

During the 2020 general election held on 17 October, McLellan was elected with a majority of 13,156 over National's Catherine Chu and Green Party Member of Parliament Eugenie Sage.
In 2023 general election McLellan led the contest for Banks Peninsula on the election night preliminary count, but lost the seat to National's Vanessa Weenink after special votes were counted. She was ranked 27th on Labour's party list, too low to win a list seat given Labour's collapse in the election, and so left Parliament.
In late January 2024 she returned to parliament as a List MP following the resignation of Rino Tirikatene. Following the resignation of Grant Robertson in mid-February 2024, McLellan assumed the Corrections and Associate Health portfolios in the Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins.
In early March 2025, McLellan gained the Christchurch Issues portfolio. While she retained the corrections portfolio, she lost the associate health portfolio. On 11 March 2025, McLellan was appointed junior whip of the Labour Party.

## Family

McLellan is a single mother to two sons. One son, Jake, was elected a member of the Christchurch City Council in 2019. She credits her son with pushing her to join the Labour Party.
# Amen (Edens Edge song)

"Amen" is a song written by Skip Black, Hannah Blaylock, Catt Gravitt and Gerald O'Brien, and recorded by American country music group Edens Edge. It was released in March 2011 as their debut single and the first from their self-titled album for Big Machine Records.

## Critical reception

Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song three and a half stars out of five, calling it an "immediately likable song with a simple yet memorable chorus and a classic-sounding country melody and vocal." Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a B+, writing that the vocals "complement the music nicely, and don’t get in the way of telling the story."

## Music video

The music video was directed by Roman White and premiered in May 2011.

## Chart performance

"Amen" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 9, 2011. It also debuted at number 99 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of December 24, 2011.
| Chart (2011–2012) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 83 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 83 |
| Chart (2012) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 78 |
# Nikolai Demert

Nikolai Alexandrovich Demert (Russian: Николай Александрович Демерт, born January 1835 in the Chistopolsky Uyezd of Kazan Governorate, died 1 April 1876 in Moscow) was a Russian writer, journalist and publicist.

## Biography

Born to a reasonably well-off landlord's family, Demert was a Kazan University's alumnus. In 1864 he moved to Moscow and there started to write for Moskovskiye Vedomosti and Razvlecheniye. Later in St. Petersburg he joined the staff of Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, then edited by Evgeny Korsh, to take upon himself the News from Province section. "Demert's lively humour, his original mindset, his hilarious and at the same time rather bizarre way of writing" (according to the B&E Dictionary) has brought him to the attention of first Vasily Kurochkin, then Iskra magazine, which he soon became the major contributor to. In 1867 in Nevsky Sbornik the first chapters of the novel Black Soil Powers were published, but it remained unfinished. After a year spent in the Russian province where he worked as a teacher, Demert returned to St. Petersburg and resumed writing for Iskra, Otechestvennye Zapiski, Nedelya and, since 1874, for Birzhevyie Vedomosti where he soon became the Internal Affairs section editor.
Demert's major claim to fame proved to be the provincial chronicles Our Internal Affairs (Наши внутренние дела) published monthly in Otechestvennye Zapiski. This peak of his writing career, though, did not last long. Years of alcohol abuse started to tell on his physical and mental health. In March 1876 for no apparent reason he arrived to Moscow and, after a night spent in a hotel, was "found on the street with all the symptoms of mental derangement" and sent to a police hospital. There he died on 1 April, to be interred in a Vagankovo common grave, the exact location of which has never been identified.
# Budapesti Korcsolyázó Egylet

Budapesti Korcsolyázó Egylet (English: Budapest Skating Club, commonly abbreviated BKE) is a Budapest based ice skating sports association. Founded in 1869, it is one of the oldest of its kind in Hungary. They actively participate in competitive ice skating disciplines, such as figure skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating.
BKE also had an ice hockey team, which played their first official game in 1906, and won the Hungarian Championship title seven times.

## Ice hockey team

Hungarian Championship:
* Winners: 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1946
Notable players
* György Pásztor

## Famous skaters

The following are ice skaters of the Budapesti Korcsolyázó Egylet, who participated at Winter Olympic Games, won medals at the European Championships or World Championships, or both.

### Figure skating
#### Singles

* Tibor von Földváry
* Lily Kronberger
* Opika von Méray Horváth
* Andor Szende
* Elemér Terták
* Ede Király
* György Czakó
* Krisztina Czakó

#### Pairs

* Olga Orgonista – Sándor Szalay
* Emilia Rotter – László Szollás
* Lucy Galló – Rezső Dillinger
* Piroska Szekrényesy – Attila Szekrényesy
* Andrea Kékessy – Ede Király
* Marianna Nagy – László Nagy

### Speed skating

* Kornél Pajor
# Kapyl district

Kapyl district or Kapyĺ district (Belarusian: Капыльскі раён; Russian: Копыльский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Kapyl. As of 2024, it has a population of 26,533.

## Notable residents

* Ales Adamovich (1927, Kanuchi village – 1994), Belarusian writer and critic, author of the screenplay for film “Come and See”
* Paval Zhauryd (1889, Cieciarouka village – 1939), Belarusian military figure, one of the commanders of the Slutsk defence action and a victim of Stalin's purges
# Dzyarzhynsk district

Dzyarzhynsk district or Dziaržynsk district (Belarusian: Дзяржынскі раён; Russian: Дзержинский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. The administrative center of the district is Dzyarzhynsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 70,391.
The highest point of Belarus is situated in the district. It is 345 meters above level sea and called Dzyarzhynskaya Hara.
# Disco Inferno (50 Cent song)

"Disco Inferno" is a song recorded by American rapper 50 Cent for his second studio album The Massacre (2005). It was released as the lead single from the album on December 21, 2004, by Interscope Records, Shady Records and Aftermath Entertainment. Only a moderate international commercial success, it was a success nationwide, peaking at number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

## Background

Released in November 2004, the single debuted at #54 and peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming 50 Cent's fourth solo top-ten song on the chart and sixth overall. "Disco Inferno" was certified Gold by the RIAA. The song was produced by C. Styles & Bang Out. The song was also nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance at the Grammy Awards of 2006, but lost to Kanye West's "Gold Digger". This song is featured in DJ Hero.

## Reception

Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of Pitchfork negatively compared "Disco Inferno" to 50 Cent's previous work, describing it and follow-up single "Candy Shop" as "flaccid reprises of other tracks both in beats and in timbre".

## Track listing

* 12" vinyl
* "Disco Inferno" (Explicit) - 3:34
* "Disco Inferno" (Clean) - 3:34
* "Disco Inferno" (Instrumental) - 3:34
* "Disco Inferno" (Acapella) - 3:28
* CD single
* "Disco Inferno" (Explicit) - 3:34
* "Window Shopper" - 2:38
* "Best Friend" (featuring Olivia) - 4:08
* "Disco Inferno" (Ringtone) - 0:38

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Disco Inferno" :
| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 32 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 86 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 87 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 18 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 3 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 8 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Disco Inferno" :
| Chart (2005) | Position |
| Russia Airplay (TopHit) | 165 |
| UK Urban (Music Week) | 14 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 11 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hip Songs (Billboard) | 19 |

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Disco Inferno" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Platinum | 60,000$^*$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) Mastertone | Gold | 500,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Disco Inferno" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United States | December 21, 2004 (2004-12-21) | Digital download | InterscopeShadyAftermath | |
| United States | January 11, 2005 (2005-1-11) | 12-inch vinyl | InterscopeShadyAftermath | |
# Polybius henslowii

Polybius henslowii is a species of crab, the only species in the genus Polybiidae. It is a capable swimmer and feeds in open water in the north-east Atlantic Ocean and western Mediterranean Sea.

## Description

The carapace of Polybius henslowii is almost circular, 48 millimetres (1.9 in) wide and 40 mm (1.6 in) long. The first pair of pereiopods (walking legs) carry claws, and the remaining four pairs are flattened with fringed edges. This contrasts with other members of the family Portunidae, which have only the last pair of legs adapted for swimming. P. henslowii is red-brown on the upper surface, and paler beneath.

## Distribution

Polybius henslowii is found in the northeast Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to Morocco, and in the western Mediterranean Sea. Very abundant swarms have been found along the coasts off Galicia (Spain) and off Portugal. Rare specimens have been caught in the North Sea east of Shetland, and in the Skagerrak. Its range has expanded into the southern North Sea, possibly as a result of climate change. It can be found on sandy or gravelly sediments at depths of up to 500 metres (1,600 ft).

## Ecology and behaviour

Polybius henslowii is a capable swimmer and can be found swimming near the ocean surface, where it feeds on a mixture of squid, fish, and other crustaceans, including specimens of the same species. P. henslowii has been observed to form pelagic swarms. These swarms are mostly composed of females, excluding that aggregations are for mating, while they might be related to feeding. When they swim inshore, along the coastal upwelling areas of Galicia (NW Spain), they rely more on benthic prey, such as polychaetes and detritus and are influenced by terrestrial organic matter coming from the rivers.
In Galicia (NW Spain), P. henslowii is an important food source for the yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis. In summer, loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) off North Africa feed almost exclusively on P. henslowii.

## Taxonomy

Polybius henslowii was first described by William Elford Leach in 1820, originally as the only species in his new genus Polybius. The genus name "Polybius" may be in reference to the Greek historian Polybius; the specific epithet henslowii honours John Stevens Henslow, Professor of Botany at Cambridge University, who had collected the specimens used by Leach from a herring fisherman in North Devon in 1817. This was the first of several species that were named in Henslow's honour. Common names for the species include "sardine swimming crab" and "Henslow's swimming crab".
# Trade-Mark Cases

The Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U.S. 82 (1879), were a set of three cases consolidated into a single appeal before the United States Supreme Court, which in 1879 unanimously ruled that the Copyright Clause of the Constitution gave Congress no power to protect or regulate trademarks. Congress then passed the Trade Mark Act of 1881, which was based on the Commerce Clause power, and therefore passed constitutional muster.
The three cases were United States v. Steffens, United States v. Wittemann, and United States v. Johnson. Steffens and Wittemann dealt with alleged counterfeiting of marks associated with champagne, while Johnson dealt with alleged counterfeiting of a mark associated with whiskey.
The opinion was written by Justice Samuel Freeman Miller.
The Court did not exclude all possibility of Congress regulating trademarks. Congress, however, read the decision very strictly and in a new trademark law enacted in 1881 regulated only trademarks used in commerce with foreign nations, and with the Indian tribes, areas specified under the Commerce Clause. It was not until 1905 that Congress would again enact a trademark law generally governing marks in use in the United States, though the 1905 act was also carefully worded to fall within the Commerce Clause.
# 6257 Thorvaldsen

6257 Thorvaldsen, provisional designation 4098 T-1, is a bright Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.3 kilometers (2.7 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey on 26 March 1971, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California. The asteroid was named for Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

## Orbit and classification

When applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements, Thorvaldsen is a member of the Vesta family. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,309 days; semi-major axis of 2.34 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1969 TH$_2$ at Crimea–Nauchnij in October 1969. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in 1971.

### Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey

The survey designation "T-1" stands for the first Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1768–1844). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 March 1996 (M.P.C. 26765).

## Physical characteristics

Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrites (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. Vesta is the main belt's second-largest and second-most-massive body after Ceres. Thorvaldsen has an absolute magnitude of 13.7. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of this asteroid has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Thorvaldsen measures 4.278 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.384.
# Nikolay Palgunov

Nikolay Grigoryevich Palgunov (Russian: Николай Григорьевич Пальгунов; 1 August 1898 – 16 June 1971) was a Soviet politician, journalist, diplomat and long-term general director of TASS from 1943 to 1960.

## Biography

Palgunov was born in Saint Petersburg. He graduated from a four-grade higher primary school in 1914, and in 1916 from the MT Kryukova Petrograd Real School.
From 1917 to 1919, he worked as a worker at the Petrograd Pipe Plant.
In 1918, he entered the chemical department of the Institute of Technology; listened to lectures at the economic department of the Faculty of Humanities in Petrograd. From 1919, he lived in the city of Yaroslavl.
He became member of the Russian Communist Party P (B) in November 1919.
In 1920, he entered the agricultural faculty of Yaroslavl University, in 1923 he transferred to the pedagogical faculty, which (under the name Yaroslavl Teachers' Institute [ru]) he graduated in 1925. At the same time in 1921, he was head of the organizational and instructional department of the Yaroslavl Provincial Committee of the RCP (b).
From 1922 to 1923, he was deputy editor of the Yaroslavl newspaper Severny Rabochy [ru]. From 1923 to 1924, he was the editor-in-chief of the Kursk magazine Nash Trud. From August 8, 1924, he was the editor-in-chief of the Yaroslavl newspaper Severny Rabochy. From June 1926 to September 1929, he was the editor of the newspaper Kurskaya Pravda [ru]. He studied several foreign languages on his own.
From October 1929 he was an employee of the foreign department of the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). He graduated from the courses of international journalists. He worked in Persia (1930-1932), Finland (1932-1935) and France (1935-1940).
From 1940 to 1943, he was head of the press department of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR.
On 19 June 1943, he became executive director (General Director) of the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
At the same time, from 1956 to 1959, he was chairman and chairman of the Organizing Bureau of the Soviet Union of Journalists [ru]. From 1959 to 1966, he was secretary of the board of the Union of Journalists of the Soviet Union. Palgunov was also a member of the Central Audit Commission of the CPSU from 1956 to 1961.
From August 1960, he was a personal pensioner, living in Moscow. He died in Moscow in 1971 and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
# Anita Kuma

Anita Akua Kyerewaa Kuma (born 1980s) is a Ghanaian media personality, radio journalist. She is the host for Lunchtime Rhythms on Kumasi's most listened to English radio station, Luv FM. She was listed as number three of 10 on-air personalities in Ghana for 2018 which was put together by the Business Insider, operators of Pulse Ghana.

## Education

Kuma was born in Kumasi in the early 1980s to D.O.K. Kuma who was a geologist and his wife Victoria. She attended Wesley Girls Senior High School and graduated from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with a bachelor's degree in Building Technology.

## Career

Kuma has about 13 years experience working in radio. She is currently the host for Lunchtime Rhythms on Kumasi's most listened to Ashanti radio station, Luv FM. She left the Luv FM on 31st January 2022 after working there for seventeen years.

## Awards

Here are some awards she has won and been nominated for:
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2016 | Anita Kuma | Radio and Television Personality Awards (Radio Female Presenter of the Year ) | Nominated |
# Deolali Pravara

Deolali Pravara is a town in Rahuri Taluka, Ahmednagar District, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Deolali Pravara had a population of 30,334. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Deolali Pravara has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73% and, female literacy is 57%. In Deolali Pravara, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.