OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ISO 3166-2:CA

ISO 3166-2:CA is the entry for Canada in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently for Canada, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for ten provinces and three territories.
Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CA, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Canada. The second part is two letters, which is the postal abbreviation for the province or territory.

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).
ISO 639-1 codes are used to represent subdivision names in the official languages of Canada: English and French.
| Code | Subdivision name in English | Subdivision name in French | Subdivision category |
| CA-AB | Alberta | Alberta | Province |
| CA-BC | British Columbia | Colombie-Britannique | Province |
| CA-MB | Manitoba | Manitoba | Province |
| CA-NB | New Brunswick | Nouveau-Brunswick | Province |
| CA-NL | Newfoundland and Labrador | Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador | Province |
| CA-NT | Northwest Territories | Territoires du Nord-Ouest | Territory |
| CA-NS | Nova Scotia | Nouvelle-Écosse | Province |
| CA-NU | Nunavut | Nunavut | Territory |
| CA-ON | Ontario | Ontario | Province |
| CA-PE | Prince Edward Island | Île-du-Prince-Édouard | Province |
| CA-QC | Quebec | Québec | Province |
| CA-SK | Saskatchewan | Saskatchewan | Province |
| CA-YT | Yukon | Yukon | Territory |

## Changes

The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:
| Newsletter | Date issued | Description of change in newsletter | Code/Subdivision change |
| Newsletter I-1 | 2000-06-21 | Addition of 1 new territory | Subdivisions added: CA-NU Nunavut |
| Newsletter I-2 | 2002-05-21 | Correction of name form of CA-NF | Codes: CA-NF Newfoundland → CA-NL Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Newsletter I-4 | 2002-12-10 | Change of code element of Newfoundland and Labrador | Codes: CA-NF Newfoundland → CA-NL Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Online Browsing Platform (OBP) | 2014-10-29 | Change spelling of CA-YT; update List Source | Name change: CA-YT Yukon Territory → Yukon |
# TAipers

The TAipers (Tank Snipers) anti-tank guided missile, also known as the Cheongeom, is a South Korean long range anti-tank guided missile built by Hanwha Defense. The missile has two modes. The fire-and-forget mode autonomously guides the missile using a dual-mode seeker that combines visible and infrared homing imagery. Its AI algorithm was trained with deep learning on more than 800 000 frames of potential targets. The fire-and-update mode allows the operator to guide the missile from the launch vehicle though fiber-optic datalink. It is planned to enter mass production in December 2024.

## Development

The TAipers was developed to replace air-launched TOW missiles in the inventory of the ROK Armed Forces but could be exported. It was presented to potential customers at the Black Sea Defense & Aerospace 2024. The cost of development is KRW724.8 billion (USD550.5 million).

### Launch platforms

* KAI Light Armed Helicopter
* MAH Marineon
* ground vehicles
# 1963 eruption of Irazú Volcano

The 1963 eruption of Irazú Volcano in the Cordillera Volcánica Central was one of the most powerful eruptions in Costa Rica, especially for his destructive lahar. Signs of reactivation began to occur in 1961 in the form of microseisms; previously, several specialists warned that the Irazú Volcano could explode at any time.

## First eruption

The first eruption happened on March 13, 1963. It was a powerful explosion that surprised a large part of the country just when John F. Kennedy was making a state visit to Costa Rica in San José, a thin layer of ash fell on everyone, including Kennedy. A famous phrase that John F. Kennedy said when he saw the situation of the eruption was: "Don't ask yourself what your country can do for you, ask yourself what you can do for your country". More ash began to head to the city of San José, where there was so much ash that people covered themselves with handkerchiefs and umbrellas, being forced to sweep the streets.

## The lahar

On December 9, 1963, the most catastrophic event of the eruption, known in Spanish as La Noche Gris (The Grey Night), was where a lahar slid down the Reventazon River, destroying everything in its path, including trees and some buildings in rural areas, killing some livestock such as cows and horses, and huge rocks that came down the river very quickly, and when the stones collided, sparks could be seen, provoked of the size of the stones, accompanied by a powerful noise.
The river overflowed, causing even more damage, especially when it arrived to Cartago, where he took with him a lot of houses and roads cumpletly covered in mud and ash. Many emergency services arrived at the scene to try to rescue people stuck in the destroyed houses.

### End of eruption

The eruptions slowly stopped happening, until finally on February 13, 1965, 2 years and 11 months after the start of the eruptions, the volcano stopped erupting, causing deaths, damage to houses, fields and streets, and remembered by many as a tragedy.
# Inskip Point

Inskip Point is a peninsula in the north of the locality of Inskip to the north of the town of Rainbow Beach in south-east Queensland, Australia. It is the vehicular gateway to K'Gari (formerly known as Fraser Island) via a barge service.
The area became notorious for its near-shore landslides in which the beach collapses into the ocean. The worst event occurred in 2015 when campsites, cars and trailers fell into the ocean.

## Geography

It lies between Tin Can Bay to the South West and Great Sandy Strait to the North and curves back towards Rainbow Beach and the Coral Sea to the East.
The southern tip of Fraser Island, Hook Point lies some 1,200 metres north of Inskip Point, the northern tip of the peninsula. Two ferry services run between Inskip Point and Hook Point during daylight hours.

## Fauna

The black-breasted buttonquail, a restricted-range endemic buttonquail, was once found in sand-dunes on the peninsula. In 2013, only one remained. Mike West, former president of Birds Queensland, blamed dingoes and wild dogs for hunting the population to extinction. West proposed trapping dingoes and wild dogs, setting them free if they are pure dingoes and killing them if they are not.
# BK-5Cl-NM-AMT

BK-5Cl-NM-AMT, or βk-5Cl-NM-αMT, also known as β-keto-5-chloro-N-methyl-αMT or α,N-dimethyl-5-chloro-β-ketotryptamine, is a monoamine releasing agent of the tryptamine, α-alkyltryptamine, and β-ketotryptamine families.
It is known to induce the release of serotonin and dopamine, with respective EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values of 200 nM and 865 nM in rat brain synaptosomes, whereas norepinephrine release was not reported. In contrast to many other tryptamines, the drug is inactive as an agonist of serotonin receptors including the 5-HT$_1$, 5-HT$_2$, and 5-HT$_3$ receptors. In addition, unlike other α-alkyltryptamines like α-methyltryptamine (αMT), it is inactive as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
BK-5Cl-NM-AMT was first described in the literature by 2023. It was patented by Matthew Baggott and Tactogen as a potential novel entactogen. BK-5Cl-NM-AMT is the 5-chloro derivative of BK-NM-AMT. Other analogues of the drug include BK-5F-NM-AMT and BK-5Br-NM-AMT.
# Parks Place

Parks Place is an Italianate-style house in College Grove, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It has also been known as the William Felix Webb House. It was built between 1864 and 1872 for William Felix Webb, a businessman. Webb sold the house in 1888 to Joseph T. Demumbrane. It was sold in 1910 with 352 remaining acres to Arthur R. Parks, who occupied it until the 1940s.
When listed in 1984 the property included three contributing buildings and three non-contributing buildings on an area of 4.5 acres (1.8 ha).
# Exoglossum

Exoglossum is a genus of mound-building freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. containing two species, commonly known as cutlip minnows, although the individual species, particularly Exoglossum maxillingua, are also locally known by that name.
Species of this genus usually range from 3 inches to 18 inches when sexually mature. In many areas these minnows are valued as both panfish and baitfish.

## Species

These are the species contained in this genus:
* Exoglossum laurae (C. L. Hubbs, 1931) (Tonguetied minnow)
* Exoglossum maxillingua (Lesueur, 1817) (Cutlips minnow)
# Freedom of commerce and industry

Freedom of Commerce and Industry (Liberté du commerce et de l'industrie) is a French legal principle established during the French Revolution governing economic activities. It describes am economically liberal regulatory framework characterized by free market access and competition, while allowing for public authorities to intervene for regulatory purposes.

## Relationship with related concepts

While French legal terminology historically emphasized the term "freedom of commerce and industry", the Constitutional Council of France introduced the concept of "freedom to undertake" (liberté d'entreprendre) in 1982. Other liberal economies often employ broader terms, such as "economic freedom", as seen in Article 27 of the Swiss Constitution.
French jurists have debated distinctions between these terminologies. Some argue that "freedom to undertake" is a subset of the broader "freedom of commerce and industry", which includes competitive freedoms. Others contend that "freedom to undertake" encompasses various specialized freedoms, including professional freedoms.

## Legal foundations

The legal recognition of freedom of commerce and industry varies globally, from explicit constitutional provisions to inferred guarantees through broader freedoms.

### In France

The principle originated during the Ancien Régime, with increasing criticism of the guilds and corporations that restricted economic activities. Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, as Controller-General of Finances, championed this principle in his preamble to the 1774 royal decree on grain trade, asserting that "the freer the trade, the more quickly and abundantly the people are supplied."
Two pivotal revolutionary texts formalized this principle:
* The Allarde Decree of March 2 and 17, 1791, abolished guilds and established freedom to engage in commerce and industry, contingent on paying a licensing tax.
* The Le Chapelier Law of June 14 and 17, 1791, further prohibited the re-establishment of professional associations or guilds.
While the Allarde Decree is frequently cited as foundational, subsequent case law expanded it into a general principle of law.

### In other jurisdictions

Some states explicitly enshrine economic freedom:
* The Swiss Constitution guarantees "economic freedom", including the free choice and exercise of a profession.
* The Italian Constitution states that "private economic initiative is free."
Other jurisdictions infer economic freedom from broader rights, such as the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, interpreted by the Supreme Court of the United States to include contractual freedoms.

## Modern applications

Freedom of commerce and industry implies:
* Open Market Access: Excludes monopolies and ensures market entry for public and private operators.
* Operational Autonomy: Protects entrepreneurs' decisions regarding hiring, advertising, and restructuring.
Restrictions are permissible if justified by public interest and proportionate, as noted in Swiss and French constitutional and administrative jurisprudence.
# Phenylacetaldehyde

Phenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound used in the synthesis of fragrances and polymers. Phenylacetaldehyde is an aldehyde that consists of acetaldehyde bearing a phenyl substituent; the parent member of the phenylacetaldehyde class of compounds. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde and a member of phenylacetaldehydes.
Phenylacetaldehyde is one important oxidation-related aldehyde. Exposure to styrene gives phenylacetaldehyde as a secondary metabolite. Styrene has been implicated as reproductive toxicant, neurotoxicant, or carcinogen in vivo or in vitro. Phenylacetaldehyde could be formed by diverse thermal reactions during the cooking process together with C8 compounds is identified as a major aroma–active compound in cooked pine mushroom. Phenylacetaldehyde is readily oxidized to phenylacetic acid. Therefore will eventually be hydrolyzed and oxidized to yield phenylacetic acid that will be excreted primarily in the urine in conjugated form.

## Natural occurrence

Phenylacetaldehyde occurs extensively in nature because it can be biosynthetically derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. Natural sources of the compound include chocolate, buckwheat, flowers, and communication pheromones from various insect orders. It is notable for being a floral attractant for numerous species of Lepidoptera; for example, it is the strongest floral attractor for the cabbage looper moth.

## Uses
### Fragrances and flavors

The aroma of pure substance can be described as honey-like, sweet, rose, green, grassy and is added to fragrances to impart hyacinth, narcissi, or rose nuances. For similar reasons the compound can sometimes be found in flavored cigarettes and beverages.
Historically, before biotechnology approaches were developed, phenylacetaldehyde was also used to produce phenylalanine via the Strecker reaction as a step in the production of aspartame sweetener.

### Polymers

Phenylacetaldehyde is used in the synthesis of polyesters where it serves as a rate-controlling additive during polymerization.

### Natural Medicine

Phenylacetaldehyde is responsible for the antibiotic activity of maggot therapy.

### MAOI

Theoretically, hydrazone formation and subsequent reduction of the phenylethylidenehydrazine gives phenelzine.

## Preparation

Phenylacetaldehyde can be obtained via various synthetic routes and precursors. Notable examples include:
* Isomerization of styrene oxide.
* Dehydrogenation of 2-Phenylethanol over silver or gold catalysts.
* Darzens reaction between benzaldehyde and chloroacetate esters.
* Wacker oxidation of styrene.
* Hofmann rearrangement of Cinnamamide (aka (2E)-3-Phenylacrylamide).
* Oxidation of Cyclooctatetraene with aqueous Mercury(II) sulfate.
* Strecker degradation of phenylalanine.

## Reactivity

Phenylacetaldehyde is often contaminated with polystyrene oxide polymer because of the especial lability of the benzylic alpha proton and the reactivity of the aldehyde. Aldol condensation of the initial dimer gives rise to a range of Michael acceptors and donors.
# The Sailor Story

The Sailor Story 1975-1996 is a two-disc compilation album released in 1996 by New Zealand band, Hello Sailor.
# Littlefield Township, Michigan

Littlefield Township is a civil township of Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,200 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* Alanson is a village on the Crooked River at the junction of US 31 and M-68.
* Oden is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on the north shore of Crooked Lake. It is on US 31 at 45°25′25″N 84°49′41″W﻿ / ﻿45.42361°N 84.82806°W﻿ / 45.42361; -84.82806 It is approximately two miles east of Conway. Oden Island is to the south in Crooked Lake, and is accessible by road from the southern side of the lake.
* Ponshewaing is a small unincorporated community and CDP on the north shore of Crooked Lake. It is on US 31 at 45°25′16″N 84°48′12″W﻿ / ﻿45.42111°N 84.80333°W﻿ / 45.42111; -84.80333, approximately a mile and a half south of Alanson and one mile east of Oden.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 24.56 square miles (63.6 km$^2$), of which 21.72 square miles (56.3 km$^2$) is land and 2.84 square miles (7.4 km$^2$) (11.56%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,783 people, 1,116 households, and 792 families residing in the township. The population density was 128.1 inhabitants per square mile (49.5/km$^2$). There were 1,531 housing units at an average density of 70.5 per square mile (27.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 91.99% White, 0.43% African American, 4.64% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 2.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.
There were 1,116 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $37,694, and the median income for a family was $42,443. Males had a median income of $27,304 versus $20,645 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,737. About 2.3% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Maple River Township, Michigan

Maple River Township is a civil township of Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,295 at the 2020 census. Mennonite settlers from Waterloo County, Ontario arrived in Maple River in 1883.

## Communities

* The village of Pellston is partially located in the township on the boundary with adjacent McKinley Township.
* Brutus is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in the township on U.S. Highway 31 at 45°29′35″N 84°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿45.49306°N 84.78167°W﻿ / 45.49306; -84.78167. It is about 4 miles (6 km) south of Pellston and 3 miles (5 km) north of Alanson. It was established with the building of an inn called the Brutus House in 1874.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.47 square miles (91.9 km$^2$), of which 35.32 square miles (91.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km$^2$) (0.42%) is water.

### Climate

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Maple River Township has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,232 people, 434 households, and 352 families residing in the township. The population density was 34.9 inhabitants per square mile (13.5/km$^2$). There were 533 housing units at an average density of 15.1 per square mile (5.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 94.64% White, 2.84% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, and 2.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 434 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.5% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $40,270, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $27,452 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,765. About 5.1% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.
# John Armstrong (archbishop of Armagh)

John Ward Armstrong (30 September 1915 – 21 July 1987) was an Irish Anglican bishop who served as Archbishop of Armagh from 1980 to 1986.

## Education and priestly ministry

Armstrong was born in Belfast, the eldest of four sons (there were no daughters) of John Armstrong, a Belfast corporation official, and his wife, Elizabeth Ward. He was educated at the Belfast Royal Academy and Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained deacon in 1938, and his first position was at All Saints Church, Grangegorman. He was ordained priest on 24 December 1939. He was the clerical vicar at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin and then Dean's Vicar at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin until 1944. He was then rector of Christ Church, Leeson Park, Dublin until he became the Dean of St Patrick's.

## Episcopal ministry

Armstrong served as Bishop of Cashel and Waterford from 1968 to 1977, Bishop of Cashel and Ossory from 1977 to 1980. His translation to the See of Armagh in 1980 catapulted him into the fraught world of Northern Irish politics, a deteriorating security situation and the heightened community tensions of the Hunger Strikes and later still, the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
Along with fellow Church of Ireland bishops he regularly met political leaders to offer analysis and informed opinion: government minutes of some of those meetings have now been released. These meetings took place with political leaders in both jurisdictions on the island and Armstrong often led delegations to Dublin for talks.
He formed such a warm and effective working relationship with his Armagh neighbour Cardinal Tomas O'Fiach that when he announced his retirement, it was recorded that his successor Robin Eames was regarded by comparison as a "cold fish".
He retired in February 1986 at the age of 70 and spent his short retirement in Skerries, County Dublin. He died in July 1987.
# KMC Hospital, Mangalore

KMC Hospitals, also known as Kasturba Medical College Hospitals (Mangalore) are two hospitals situated in Mangalore. The hospitals are teaching hospitals of the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education. The hospital at Ambedkar circle is a part of the Manipal Hospitals.

## Centers of Excellence

The hospital has various Centers of Excellence (CoE) such as
* Gastroenterology
* Cancer care
* Cardiology
* Nephrology
* Neurology
* Neurosurgery
* Obstetrics and Gynecology
* Spine care
* Joint replacement and Sports injury
* Urology