OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brit Shalom (political organization)

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Brit Shalom (Hebrew: ברית שלום, lit. "covenant of peace"; Arabic: تحالف السلام, Tahalof Essalam; also Jewish–Palestinian Peace Alliance) was a group of Jewish Zionist intellectuals in Mandatory Palestine, founded in 1925.

## History

Brit Shalom sought peaceful coexistence between Arabs and Jews in Israel. Its goal was the creation of a centre for Jewish cultural life in Israel, echoing the earlier ideas of Ahad Ha'am. At the time, Brit Shalom supported the establishment of a bi-national state where Jews and Arabs would have equal rights. They started a monthly magazine, Sheifoteinu and organized Arabic courses for Jews living in mandatory Palestine.
Their main goal was to pursue cooperation amongst Jewish and Arabs and they believed that a Jewish majority was not as crucial for the creation of a Jewish state as the dialogue between the Yishuv and the Arab authorities.
Brit Shalom supporters and founders included economist and sociologist Arthur Ruppin, philosopher Martin Buber, Hugo Bergmann, historian Hans Kohn, Gershom Scholem, Henrietta Szold and Israel Jacob Kligler. Albert Einstein also voiced support. Judah Leon Magnes, one of the authors of the program, never joined the organization.
Brit Shalom became quite unpopular because of their stance on the 1929 Palestine riots. In fact, they thought Zionism was partially responsible for the outbreak of violence.
A letter from Arthur Ruppin to Hans Kohn in May 1930 states:
   In the foundations of Brith Shalom one of the determining factors was that the Zionist aim has no equal example in history. The aim is to bring the Jews as second nation into a country which already is settled as a nation - and fulfill this through peaceful means. History has seen such penetration by one nation into a strange land only by conquest, but it has never occurred that a nation will freely agree that another nation should come and demand full equality of rights and national autonomy at its side. The uniqueness of this case prevents its being, in my opinion, dealt with in conventional political-legal terms. It requires special contemplation and study. Brith Shalom should be the forum in which the problem is discussed and investigated.
Ruppin held a senior position within the Jewish Agency as Director of the Palestine Land Development Company. The group disintegrated by the early 1930s due to the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the increased necessity to encourage Jewish immigration.
In 1942, Magnes and supporters of Brit Shalom formed the political party Ihud which also advocated binationalism.
# Damaru Ko Dandibiyo

Damaru Ko Dandibiyo is 2018 Nepalese drama sport film directed by Chhetan Gurung and written by Khagendra Lamichhane. The film is produced by Binod Gurung and Norbu Tshering Ghale under the banner of Sambridhi Entertainment. The film stars Khagendra Lamichhane, Anup Baral, Menuka Pradhan, Budhhi Tamang, Ankeet Khadka, Aashant Sharma, and Laxmi Bardewa in the lead roles.

## Plot

Damaru (Khagendra Lamichhane) comes to his village to revive the old forgotten sport Dandi Biyo. His father Yogendra (Anup Baral), a former Dandi Biyo player opposes the idea of reviving the game.

## Cast

* Khagendra Lamichhane as Damaru
* Menuka Pradhan as Mala
* Buddhi Tamang as Mukihya
* Anup Baral as Yogendra
* Laxmi Bardewa as Nirmala
* Ashant Sharma as Kasiram
# Emefa Apawu

Emefa Apawu (born Irene Emefa Apawu on October 12, 1982) is a Ghanaian broadcast journalist, TV and radio anchor and producer. In 2020, she won an award for Exceptional COVID-19 Reporting at the 25th GJA Awards (Ghana Journalists Awards).
Apawu was one of the media personalities selected by the Volta Regional Coordinating Council in conjunction with the Ghana Tourism Authority (GTA) and the Eastern/Volta/Oti branch of the Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) to champion the Visit Volta Campaign as a native of the region from Anfoega Akukome in the Volta Region of Ghana.
She took over from Dzifa Bampoh as co-anchor of Joy FM's primetime news bulletin, ‘News Night’

## Early life and education

Emefa is the first of five children born to Gladys Esi Tecku and the late Moses Kodzo Apawu. She is from Anfoega Akukorme in the Volta Region but was born in Accra. Emefa attended St. John's Preparatory School, Achimota and continued at St. Anthony's School, South Odorkor. She is an alumnus of OLA Girls Secondary School. Emefa obtained her first degree in Management at Central University. She also has a master's degree in Development communication from the Ghana Institute of Journalism.

## Career

She started her career as a journalist with Radio Gold as a production assistant in 2003. She has also worked with Class Media Group where she was Host of Class FM's evening news, 505. She has also worked as the administrative secretary of a cable manufacturing company REROY cables.
Emefa joined the Multimedia Group Limited in 2017 and is the lead news anchor in the Joy newsroom.

## Personal life

Emefa is a mother of two. The name of her daughter is Kekeli Apawu.
# Victor Boudreau

Victor Eric Boudreau (born May 3, 1970) is a New Brunswick politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 2004 to 2018, representing the ridings of Shediac-Cap-Pelé and Shediac-Beaubassin-Cap-Pelé for the New Brunswick Liberal Association, and was the Leader of the Opposition in the legislature. In 2023, Boudreau was appointed as the chief administrative officer for the Town of Shediac. In 2024, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

## Biography

Boudreau holds a Bachelor of Social Science from the Université de Moncton.
Boudreau was recruited to the Liberal Party in 1989 by Dominic LeBlanc and he attended the 1990 federal Liberal leadership convention to support Jean Chrétien. Chrétien, who was then without a seat in the House of Commons of Canada, ran in a by-election in Boudreau's riding of Beauséjour.
Following this initial engagement, Boudreau became very active in politics. He served as president of the Young Liberals and then worked for Fernand Robichaud when he was a member of the Cabinet of Canada and for Bernard Richard—his predecessor as MLA for Shediac-Cap-Pelé—when he was in the New Brunswick cabinet
Prior to his election to the legislature, he worked as village administrator of Cap-Pelé.

### Career as legislator

He was elected to the legislature in a by-election on October 4, 2004, to replace Bernard Richard, who had resigned to become the provincial ombudsman. Boudreau role of Health & Wellness critic in the shadow cabinet shortly after his election.

#### Graham ministry

He was re-elected in 2006 and took on the role of finance minister in the cabinet of Shawn Graham. Boudreau was given several additional responsibilities, both ministerial and non-ministerial.

#### Back in opposition

Following the Liberal party's defeat in the 2010 election, Boudreau was named interim leader of the party on November 10, 2010, after Graham stepped down. Brian Gallant was elected leader of the party on October 27, 2012, and assumed the role of opposition leader when he won the district of Kent in a by-election on April 15, 2013.

#### Gallant ministry

He was named Minister of Health by Premier-elect Brian Gallant on 7 October 2014. He chaired the Strategic Program Review, which was designed to solve a large gap, between $485 million and $600 million in the account books of the province.

#### Senate of Canada

On June 28, 2024, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada by Governor General Mary Simon, on the advice of prime minister Justin Trudeau.
# Radiobacillus

Radiobacillus is a Gram-positive, UV-resistant, rod-shaped, aerobic, endospore-forming and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species (Radiobacillus deserti). Radiobacillus deserti has been isolated from sandy soil from the Taklimakan Desert.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Radiobacillus R. deserti Li et al. 2020 R. kanasensis Zhang et al. 2023 | Radiobacillus R. deserti |
# Painganga River

The Painganga River (also known as the Penganga River) is the chief river of the Buldhana district, Hingoli district, Nanded district, Yavatmal district, Chandrapur district and Washim district in the Maharashtra state in India. It flows along the southeast boundaries of the district in a winding, meandering course. It is deeply entrenched and difficult to navigate. It rises in the Ajantha range and is a major tributary of the Wardha River, the other major river in the district. It is also divided Marathwada and Vidarbha near Umarkhed and Himayatnagar.
There is a small railway station named after the river in the Washim district.

## River course

The total length of the river is 495 km (308 mi). The Painganga River originates Near Madh in the Ajantha ranges in Buldhana districtin Maharashtra. It then flows through Buldhana district and Washim district. It flows through Risod Tehsil of Washim where it gets Kas river as the tributary near Shelgaon Rajgure village and then flows through the border of Washim and Hingoli district. Then it acts as a boundary between Yavatmal district, Chandrapur district and Nanded district of Maharashtra. It then flows along the state border between Maharashtra and Telangana. It converges with Pus river near Mahur in Nanded. The small Vidarbha river merged with Painganga river. Near old Sangameshwar Temple at village Deurwada near Wani Taluka of Yavatamal district and Kodsi bujruk village in Korpana taluka of Chandrapur district. There is an old Lord Shiva temple at Jugad near Wani city of Yavatmal the river converges as an island. Every year at Guru Purnima in the November month, devotees from other places visit for worship. Penganga converges into Wardha River near a small village called Wadha in Chandrapur taluka of Chandrapur district.
Wardha River flows into Pranhita River which in turn flows in to Godavari River, which finally ends into the Bay of Bengal just east of Rajahmundry in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

## Tributaries

The Penganga River's tributaries include the Adan, Kas, Arunavati, Kayadhu, and Pus Rivers.

## Irrigation

The river provides the irrigation to the Washim and Yavatmal districts in Maharashtra. There are two dams being constructed on the river, namely Upper Painganga Dam and Lower Painganga Dam. The Upper Painganga Dam dam is also known as Isapur Dam. This dam is administered by the 'Pusad' taluka. Nearby talukas are Kalamnuri, Pusad, Umarkhed and Hadgaon. Its tributary "Pus river" has Upper Pus Dam near Pusad town built in 1971, and Upper Pus Dam near Mahagaon built in 1983.
The Penganga River gets flooded in rainy and winter season and partially flooded in summer. There is a proposal of making a large dam on the Painganga River.
# Edward Gnehm

Edward William Gnehm Jr. (born November 10, 1944), also known as Skip Gnehm, is an American diplomat who most recently served as the U.S. ambassador to Jordan. He is now a faculty member at George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs.

## Education

Gnehm attended Albany High School and subsequently attended the George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he earned a bachelor's degree in International Affairs in 1966. Gnehm completed his master's degree in 1968, and spent one year of his graduate studies at the American University in Cairo under a post-graduate Rotary International Fellowship. He is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity and Delta Phi Epsilon foreign service fraternity

## Government service

Gnehm joined the U.S. Department of State in 1969 and has forged a long and distinguished diplomatic career in the U.S. Foreign Service. His positions included: Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Personnel for the Department of State; Deputy Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Near East and South Asian Affairs; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Near East and South Asia; Deputy Chief of Mission, American Embassy, Amman, Jordan, and Embassy Sanaa, Yemen; head of the U.S. Liaison Office, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Deputy Principal Officer, U.S. Interests Section, Damascus, Syria.
He was Ambassador to Kuwait from 1991 to 1994; Ambassador to Australia from 2000 to 2001; and Ambassador to Jordan from 2001 to 2004.

## George Washington University

Throughout his career, Gnehm has remained active at George Washington, having served both on the Board of Trustees, and as the vice president of the George Washington Alumni Association. Gnehm won the 2015 Harry Harding Teaching Award "for sustained excellence in teaching and extraordinary contributions to the education of Elliott School students." Continuing in the family tradition, Gnehm's son Edward attended George Washington University where he received his BA and an MBA.

## Awards

* 1990 – Presidential Meritorious Service Award for public service as Assistant Secretary of Defense
* 1991 – Presidential Meritorious Service Award for service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State
* 1992 – Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award, The George Washington University
* Secretary of Defense Medal for Meritorious Civilian Service – awarded by Secretary of Defense Carlucci for service in the office of the Secretary of Defense
* Secretary of Defense Medal for Meritorious Civilian Service – awarded by Secretary of Defense Perry for support to U.S. forces during and after Desert Storm.

## Personal life

Gnehm is married to the former Margaret Scott of Macon, Georgia. They have two children, Cheryl and Edward III.

## Affiliations

* Member of the board of directors of the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington
# Diamond, Illinois

Diamond is a village in Grundy and Will Counties, Illinois. The population was 2,640 at the 2020 census.

## History

A post office called Diamond was established in 1872, and remained in operation until 1909. Black Diamond had its start as a coal town. The village was named for its location in the center of the "Black Diamond" coal district.
On February 16, 1883, the Diamond Mine flooded, killing 72 miners. A monument was erected in Diamond memorializing the event.
On November 17, 2013, an EF-2 tornado hit Diamond.

## Geography

Diamond is located at 41°17′16″N 88°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.28778°N 88.25389°W﻿ / 41.28778; -88.25389 (41.287699, -88.253824).
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Diamond has a total area of 1.90 square miles (4.92 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 2,640 people, 1,206 households, and 771 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,389.47 inhabitants per square mile (536.48/km$^2$). There were 1,043 housing units at an average density of 548.95 per square mile (211.95/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 87.84% White, 0.95% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.31% from other races, and 7.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.67% of the population.
There were 1,206 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.70% were married couples living together, 14.26% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.07% were non-families. 31.09% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.99% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 2.31.
The village's age distribution consisted of 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $51,019, and the median income for a family was $73,750. Males had a median income of $53,148 versus $29,327 for females. The per capita income for the village was $30,891. About 11.9% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.1% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
# John Benjamin Dancer

John Benjamin Dancer (8 October 1812 – 24 November 1887) was a British scientific instrument maker and inventor of microphotography. He also pioneered stereography.

## Career

By 1835, he controlled his father's instrument making business in Liverpool. He was responsible for various inventions, but did not patent many of his ideas. In 1856, he invented the stereoscopic camera (GB patent 2064/1856).
Dancer improved the Daniell cell by introducing the porous pot cell, which he invented in 1838. He was a leading inventor and practitioner in the emerging field of microphotography, work he began shortly after the Daguerreotype process was first announced in 1839. His novel uses of microphotography, such as "the reduction of the 680-word tablet erected in memory of the electrician William Sturgeon to a positive one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter", attracted much public attention. He assisted the physicist James Prescott Joule with the development of scientific instruments such as an apparatus for measuring the internal capacity of the bore of thermometer tubes, a tangent galvanometer, and other devices useful in Joule's research. A substantial collection of Dancer's papers, photographs, and apparatus is held by the Ransom Center at the University of Texas.
In 1842 Dancer took a daguerreotype from the top of the Royal Exchange which is the earliest known photograph showing part of Manchester.

## Personal life

He died in November 1887 at the age of 75 and was buried at Brooklands Cemetery, plot D.2244, Sale, Greater Manchester. He had two daughters, Elizabeth Eleanor and Anna Maria.
# Ōtoba Station (Fukui)

Ōtoba Station (大鳥羽駅, Ōtoba-eki) is a railway station in the town of Wakasa, Mikatakaminaka District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Ōtoba Station is served by the Obama Line, and is located 33.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tsuruga.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is staffed.

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Obama Line |||||
| Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Tomura | Local | Wakasa-Arita |

## History

Ōtoba Station opened on 10 November 1918. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 117 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Ōtoba Post Office
* Ōtoba Elementary School
# Thala (2021 film)

Thala (transl. The Head) is a 2021 Indian independent children's film written and directed by Khais Millen. It was produced by Better Earth Entertainment in association with Mania Movie Magix International. The film stars Surabhi Lakshmi in the lead role.
Thala premiered at DIFF-Newyork and was shown at the NIFF-New Delhi, SIFF Sweden, and Pan African Film Festival Nigeria. At the 52nd Kerala State Film Awards, the film won Best Child Artist (female).

## Premise

An abandoned human head (in Malayalam 'Thala' means 'head') is found by some slum kids.

## Cast

The film is mostly a child actors production. Most of the cast is therefore composed of newcomers. The producers claim it introduced 333 new faces to the cinema industry, all of them originating from local slums.
* Surabhi Lakshmi as Muthu
* Binoy Antony as Appu
* Shaalin Zoya as Manikutty
* Murugan Martin as Stalin
* Jinu Kuttikkatt as Kalaam
* Sreevidya Mullachery as Maala
* Sneha Anu as Mullu
* Akhil as Chakochi
* Arun Nayar as Ayyappan
* Roma S Lenin as Roma
* Roshan S Lenin as Roshan
* Aaromal Thirumurukan as Aaromal
* Harikrishnan Sanu as Ganesan
* Shah Muhammed as Sudheeran

## Accolades

| Year | Award/Festival | Category | Judging Status | Recipient |
| 2022 | 52nd Kerala State Film Awards | Best Child Artist | Winner | Sneha Anu |
| 2022 | 9th Noida International Film Festival | Best Film Editing | Winner | Sarath Geetha Lal |
| 2022 | Boden International Film Festival | Best Feature Film | Winner | Khais Millen |

## Music

The songs were composed by Ankit Menon, produced and arranged by Ankit Menon.
Thala
# Ángel L. Malavé Zayas

Ángel Luis "Wiso" Malavé Zayas is a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Cidra.
Malavé was elected as mayor of Cidra at the 1992 general elections. He was reelected to the position in 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008.
In 2011, Malavé was accused on 14 charges of lewd conduct against several employees of the municipality. In February of that year, a judge determined there was cause for trial in 11 of the 14 charges. He was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to 9 years of house arrest.
In November 2011, the evaluating committee of the New Progressive Party determined that Malavé was unable to run for reelection.

## Personal life

Malavé has been married with Carmen Gloria Ellsworth since the 1960s. They have three children together. Before entering politics, Malavé studied pedagogy and worked as a schoolteacher.
# R.A.F. (film)

R.A.F. is a 1935 British documentary film covering the work of the Royal Air Force (RAF) made by the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation. Various scenes cover the basic training of enlisted men and officers, flying training and parachute training, the flying duties of the RAF including bomber aircraft, torpedo bombers, flying boats and interceptor fighters, and the work of the RAF overseas.
The film was sponsored by the Air Ministry and premiered at the Polytechnic Theatre, Regent Street, London on 17 June 1935 in the presence of Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister, the Secretary of State for Air.
The work of director John Betts, who also wrote the commentary, the film took 18 months to shoot at various locations throughout the United Kingdom and abroad. Betts' commentary was read by Squadron Leader William Helmore. While the film was praised for its aerial photography, both contemporary and modern sources describe the film as "undiluted propaganda" or "a crudely made recruiting film".
The film music was provided by the Central Band of the Royal Air Force and included as accompaniment to one of the aerial sequences, Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries, over 40 years before its use in a similar sequence in the film Apocalypse Now.