OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paden, Mississippi

Paden is a village in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 116 at the 2010 census.

## History

An early settler of the area, Thomas Paden, built his home here, which he called Castle Garden. The establishment was burned by Union troops during the American Civil War and the area became known as Burnt Hill. When the town was incorporated its name was changed to Paden.

## Geography

Paden is on the north side of Mississippi Highway 30 northwest of Tishomingo. The Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway passes just west of Paden. The Paden Overlook Area, a park along the waterway, lies to the southwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$), all land.

### Lakes, rivers, and streams

* Bay Springs Lake
* Black Branch
* Panther Creek
* Pollard Mill Branch
* Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway

## Demographics

* Village of Paden Population by year
* 1990 - 123
* 2000 - 106
* 2004 - 106 (estimate)
As of the census of 2000, there were 106 people, 49 households, and 29 families residing in the village. The population density was 118.6 inhabitants per square mile (45.8/km$^2$). There were 65 housing units at an average density of 72.7 per square mile (28.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.
There were 49 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 36.8% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $38,333, and the median income for a family was $43,000. Males had a median income of $28,333 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,861. There were 5.3% of families and 4.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

## Education

The Village of Paden is served by the Tishomingo County School District.

## Transportation
### Highways

* Mississippi Highway 30 - east–west corridor that connects Paden to Booneville to the west, and the Natchez Trace Parkway to the east

### Railroads

* Redmont Railway

## Industry

The main manufacturing plant for Domes International, Inc., a company that designs and manufactures dome-shaped fiberglass products, is in Paden.
# Mahaguru

Mahaguru or Maha Guru (great guru) may refer to:

## People

* Rinchen Zangpo (958–1055), translator of Sanskrit Buddhist texts into Tibetan

## Films and television

* Mahaguru (1985 film), Hindi film
* Mahaguru (2007 film), Bengali film
* Mahaguru, a fictional religious guru in the Indian superhero franchise Shaktiman
# Spillertown, Illinois

Spillertown is a village in Williamson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 203 at the 2010 census and as of 2018, the population has grown to an estimated 272.

## History

Spillertown was incorporated as a village on March 3, 1900. It was named for Elijah Spiller, a prominent early settler who arrived in the area in 1817. Throughout the 19th century, Spillertown lay along an important wagon road that ran north from Marion to Benton, and eventually to Harmony, Indiana, where the nearest carding machines were located. A post office opened in 1898, but closed in 1914.
In August 2011, residents of the town began discussions with city officials in neighboring Marion about possible annexation.

## Geography

Spillertown is located at 37°46′3″N 88°55′8″W﻿ / ﻿37.76750°N 88.91889°W﻿ / 37.76750; -88.91889 (37.767467, -88.918902).
According to the 2010 census, Spillertown has a total area of 0.369 square miles (0.96 km$^2$), of which 0.36 square miles (0.93 km$^2$) (or 97.56%) is land and 0.009 square miles (0.02 km$^2$) (or 2.44%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 220 people, 84 households, and 61 families residing in the village. The population density was 707.5 inhabitants per square mile (273.2/km$^2$). There were 95 housing units at an average density of 305.5 per square mile (118.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 97.27% White, 1.36% African American, 0.45% Asian, 0.91% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.64% of the population.
There were 84 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,674. About 6.3% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 20.9% of those 65 or over.
# Italy High School

32°10′53″N 96°52′45″W﻿ / ﻿32.1813°N 96.8792°W﻿ / 32.1813; -96.8792
Italy High School is a public high school located in the city of Italy, Texas, in Ellis County, United States and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Italy Independent School District located in southwest Ellis County. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

## History

In 2011 Lee Joffre became the principal of Italy High. He became the superintendent of the district in 2016.
On January 22, 2018, 16-year-old male student Chad Padilla shot a fellow student in the cafeteria, wounding 15-year-old female student Mahkayla Jones. The shooter was arrested and initially charged as a juvenile with aggravated assault though the case was eventually moved to adult court and he was sentenced to 40 years on an attempted murder charge and 20 years on each of the aggravated assault indictments. Those sentences will be served concurrently. Padilla was found dead on March 24, 2022 in his cell at Telford Unit in New Boston, Texas of a suspected suicide.

## Athletics

The Italy Gladiators compete in: volleyball, cross country, football, basketball, powerlifting, golf, tennis, track, baseball, and softball.

### State Titles

* Boys Basketball
** 1997(2A)

## Notable alumni

* Keith Davis - (born December 30, 1978) is a former professional football player for the Dallas Cowboys of the NFL.
* Kortnei Johnson (born 1997), American sprinter
# Earle

Earle may refer to:
* Earle (given name)
* Earle (surname)

## Places

* Earle, Arkansas, a city in Crittenden County, Arkansas, US
* Earle, Indiana, an unincorporated town in Vanderburgh County, Indiana, US
* Earle, Northumberland, a settlement in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England
* Naval Weapons Station Earle, a US Navy base on Sandy Hook Bay in New Jersey
# North Tunica, Mississippi

North Tunica is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tunica County, Mississippi. The population was 1,450 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

North Tunica Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White | 32 | 4.21% |
| Black or African American | 688 | 90.53% |
| Native American | 4 | 0.53% |
| Asian | 5 | 0.49% |
| Pacific Islander | 5 | 0.01% |
| Other/Mixed | 20 | 2.63% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 16 | 2.11% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 760 people, 281 households, and 181 families residing in the CDP.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,450 people, 425 households, and 333 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,014.7 inhabitants per square mile (777.9/km$^2$). There were 449 housing units at an average density of 623.9 per square mile (240.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 4.69% White, 94.90% African American, 0.21% Asian, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.
There were 425 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.4% were married couples living together, 46.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.29 and the average family size was 3.76.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.4% under the age of 18, 13.6% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $14,891, and the median income for a family was $16,466. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $16,985 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,972. About 45.5% of families and 50.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 60.1% of those under age 18 and 31.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

North Tunica is served by the Tunica County School District. Rosa Fort High School is the comprehensive high school of the district.
# Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar

Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar (born 2 August 1960) is an Indian politician and Bharatiya Janata Party leader from Nanded district. He is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Loha Assembly Constituency.

## Career

Chikhalikar has been described as close to Shankarrao Chavan, but later has become an opponent of his son Ashok Chavan becoming a close junior associate of former Maharashtra Chief Minister the late Vilasrao Deshmukh. He won assembly elections in 2004. In 2007, Chikhalikar, joined Lok Bharati political outfit during municipality elections there, contesting elections against the Indian National Congress. In 2012 Chikhalikar joined the Nationalist Congress Party and in August 2014, Chikhalikar joined the Shiv Sena. In 2024 Chikhalikar joined the Nationalist Congress Party Ajit Pawar to get a ticket from Loha Kandhar Assembly Constituency.

## Positions held

* 2004: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Kandhar Vidhansabha as Independent
* 2009: Unsuccessfully contested Loha Vidhansabha on Congress ticket
* 2014: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Shivsena Party
* 2015: Elected as Director of Nanded District Central Co-operative Bank
* 2019: MP- Nanded loksabha Constituency
* 2024: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Nationalist Congress Party
# Iren Dimitrova

Iren Dimitrova (Bulgarian: Ирен Димитрова) (born 1950) is a Bulgarian piano player and tutor of piano accompaniment and chamber music.

## Life

Dimitrova studied at the National Music Academy of Bulgaria in the piano class of prof. P. Pelishek, after which she specialised in chamber music and piano accompaniment at the Russian Academy of Music Gnesin, Moscow where she received her PhD. She enjoyed a long performance and teaching career, and taught chamber music and piano accompaniment in the National Art School of Varna, piano at the Varna Free University "Chernorizets Hrabar", at the University of Shumen "Constantine of Preslav" and the Higher Institute of Music of Sfax. Dimitrova is one of the first pedagogues in Bulgaria who dedicated their life to the piano accompaniment and chamber music teaching and her activity greatly contributed to the development of these disciplines in the country. In 2011 she was honoured with the Lifetime Achievement Award.
# Gold(I) cyanide

Gold(I) cyanide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula AuCN. It is the binary cyanide of gold(I). It is an odourless, tasteless yellow solid. Wet gold(I) cyanide is unstable to light and will become greenish. Gold(I) cyanide itself is only of academic interest, but its derivative dicyanoaurate is an intermediate in gold cyanidation, the extraction of gold from its ores.

## Preparation

Solid gold(I) cyanide precipitates upon reaction of potassium dicyanoaurate with hydrochloric acid:
    K[Au(CN)$_2$] + HCl → AuCN + HCN + KCl
It can also be produced by the reaction of gold(III) chloride and potassium cyanide.

## Reactions

The solid dissolves to form water-soluble adducts with a variety of ligands: cyanides, hydroxide, ammonia, thiosulfate and hydrosulfide.
Like most gold compounds, it converts to metallic gold upon heating.

## Structure

Gold(I) cyanide's is a coordination polymer consisting of linear chains of AuCN such that each Au(I) center is bonded to carbon and nitrogen. The structure is hexagonal with the lattice parameters a = 3.40 Å and c = 5.09 Å. T
# Chariton Township, Howard County, Missouri

Chariton Township is an inactive township in Howard County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Chariton Township was erected in 1821.
# 1979 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1979 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal – Bruce Millan until 4 May; then George Younger

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Ronald King Murray; then Lord Mackay of Clashfern
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Lord McCluskey; then Nicholas Fairbairn

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Emslie
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Wheatley
* Chairman of the Scottish Land Court – Lord Elliott

## Events

* 1 March – Scottish devolution referendum: Scotland votes by a majority of 77,437 for a Scottish Assembly, which is not implemented at this time due to a condition that at least 40% of the electorate must support the proposal.
* 17 March – Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during reconstruction, killing two workers. A replacement tunnel opens to rail traffic on 20 August.
* 12 April – Cromarty Bridge opens.
* 16 April – Paisley Gilmour Street rail accident: Seven killed in a head-on collision.
* 4 May – UK general election: The Labour Party wins the majority of seats in Scotland but the Conservatives win by a 43-seat majority across the UK as a whole, with Margaret Thatcher becoming the first female Prime Minister. George Younger is appointed Secretary of State for Scotland, an office he will hold until January 1986.
* 7 June – the first election is held for the European Parliament, with the Conservatives winning five, Labour winning two and the Scottish National Party winning one of the 8 seats available in Scotland.
* 12 June – the Tayberry is patented.
* 8 September – Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. set a new UK transfer record by paying just under £1,500,000 for Glasgow-born Aston Villa and Scotland striker Andy Gray.
* Property on Raasay is sold to the Highlands and Islands Development Board.

## Births

* 23 January – Dawn O'Porter, née Porter, television presenter and novelist
* 2 February – David Paisley, actor
* 15 February
** Scott Severin, footballer
** Gordon Shedden, racing driver
** Pauline McFadyen, synchronised swimmer
* 22 February – Claire Johnston, lawn bowler
* 20 April
** Gregor Tait, swimmer
** Ruth Connell, actress and producer
* 21 April – James McAvoy, actor
* 11 May – Tim Baillie, slalom canoer
* 15 May – James Mackenzie, actor and television presenter
* 9 June – Fraser Watts, cricketer
* 20 June – Julie Fowlis, folk singer
* 31 August – Simon Neil, singer-songwriter
* 23 December – Kenny Miller, association football player

## Deaths

* 24 February – Sir James Hutchison, 1st Baronet, shipbuilder, army officer and politician (born 1893)
* 16 September – Marion Cameron Gray, mathematician (born 1902)
* 27 September – Jimmy McCulloch, musician (born 1953)

## The arts

* Alternative rock trio Cocteau Twins is formed in Grangemouth.
* National Youth Orchestra of Scotland is formed.
* Pier Arts Centre established in Stromness to display the collection of modern British art donated by Margaret Gardiner.
# Bombus erzurumensis

Bombus erzurumensis is a species of bumblebee found in Turkey (north-eastern Anatolia) and northern Iran.

## Description

The thorax is whitish with a black band between the wings. The two first terga (abdominal segments) are white, followed by a black band; the rest of the abdomen is red. Variation in the pattern is considerable, but the form B. erzurumensis f. oezbeki (earlier considered a separate species, B. oezbeki) has white fur on the face and the corbiculae (pollen basket) is covered with red hairs.

## Ecology

Bombus erzurumensis is a mountain species, living on alpine steppes between 1,550 and 3,000 m (5,090 and 9,840 ft) above sea level. It collects nectar and pollen from flowering plants, for example, Cephalaria, Campanula, Jurinea, and Nepeta species.
# Southport Airshow

Southport Air Show is an annual event held in Southport, Merseyside, England, since 1991. The first show was the brainchild of Tourism & Attractions employee, Mark Brammar.
The show takes place over two days, at the end of Summer, and attracts tens of thousands of spectators to see the many aircraft take to the skies above Southport and the displays that are held on Southport beach, making it the North West's largest Air Show.
The flying programme includes military and civilian aircraft, classic jets, helicopters, aerobatics by the world famous Red Arrows, warbirds and parachute displays. The Southport Model Aero Club usually put on a model aircraft display before the start of the main air display.
The show includes trade stands, interactive and educational displays, simulators and children's activities, as well as a military display with the highlight of a dramatic simulated battle on the beach involving army reserve forces complete with explosions and military vehicles. However, in 2007, the army units were unable to attend the event, due to operational commitments in Iraq.
In 2009, a Eurofighter Typhoon made an appearance at the show.
The 2010 Southport Airshow went ahead on Saturday 18 September with a display from the Red Arrows. The Sunday performances were cancelled due to poor weather, and heavy rain which caused flooding on the site.
In 2011, the show included the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.
In 2015, the show on the Saturday saw the final ever appearance of Vulcan XH558 at the airshow. The appearance of Vulcan XH558 also included a very late addition to the display line-up, with another last-ever formation of the Vulcan escorted by the Red Arrows Display Team.
* Southport Airshow Heart 2008
* Red Arrows at Southport Airshow 2009
* The Blades at Southport Airshow 2009
* Merlin helicopter, Southport Airshow, 18 September 2010
* Red Arrows flying with Vulcan XH558 for the last time in 2015
# Flag of Trinidad and Tobago

The flag of Trinidad and Tobago was adopted upon independence from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1962. Designed by Carlisle Chang (1921–2001), the flag of Trinidad and Tobago was chosen by the independence committee of 1962. Red, black and white symbolise fire (the sun, representing courage), earth (representing dedication) and water (representing purity and equality).
It is one of the few national flags incorporating a diagonal line (heraldic bend), with other examples including the DR Congo, Tanzania, Namibia, and Brunei. It is one of two national flags with two-fold rotational symmetry, symmetry group C$_2$, the other being the Union Jack.

## Design

The flag of Trinidad and Tobago is a red field with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly-side. In blazon, Gules, a bend Sable fimbriated Argent. It was designed by Carlisle Chang.

## Construction

The width of the white stripes is 1⁄30 of the flag length and the width of the black stripe is 2⁄15. The total width of the three stripes together is, therefore, 1⁄5 of the length.
* Flag construction sheet

## Other flags

The civil ensign is the national flag in a 1:2 ratio. The naval ensign (used by Coast Guard vessels) is a British white ensign with the national flag in the canton.
* Presidential Standard
* Prime Ministerial Standard
* Queen Elizabeth II's personal flag for Trinidad and Tobago (1966–1976)

### British colonial flag

Prior to independence from the United Kingdom in August 1962, Trinidad and Tobago used a British blue ensign defaced with a badge depicting a ship arriving in front of a mountain.
* Colonial flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958)
* Red ensign of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958)
* Colonial flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1958–1962)
* Red ensign of Trinidad and Tobago (1958–1962)
# Mario Cotelo

Mario Gutiérrez Cotelo (born 10 February 1975) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a right midfielder.
He amassed La Liga totals of 168 games and six goals over ten seasons, representing in the competition Sporting de Gijón, Sevilla and Getafe.

## Club career

Born in La Felguera, Asturias, Cotelo began his career at local Sporting de Gijón, and played for their reserves in his first two seasons as a senior. In 1993–94 he appeared once for the main squad and, after a loan to Segunda División side CD Badajoz, would become an important player with the latter.
After four full seasons with Gijón, Cotelo returned to La Liga with Sevilla FC, but would only appear five times for the Andalusians over one and a half campaigns, moving to UD Las Palmas in January 2003. In 2003–04 he was a key element in Getafe CF's first-ever promotion to the top flight, and went on to total 93 league games the following three years.
Used sparingly throughout 2007–08, Cotelo also played six incomplete UEFA Cup matches in the Madrid side's quarter-final run. In the next season he featured even less (five minutes of action), and was subsequently released.
Not being able to find a new club, Cotelo retired from the game in early 2010, at the age of 35. He totalled 349 appearances in the country's two major divisions.
On 20 August 2015, Cotelo returned to Sporting to work as a match delegate.