# State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness

The State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness, commonly referred to as its acronym STAAR (/stɑːr/ STAR), is a series of standardized tests used in Texas public primary and secondary schools to assess a student's achievements and knowledge learned in the grade level. It tests curriculum taught from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, which in turn is taught by public schools. The test used to be developed by Pearson Education every school year, although the most recent contract gave Educational Testing Service a role in creating some of the tests, under the close supervision of the Texas Education Agency.
The test was announced because the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (commonly referred to its acronym TAKS) assessment was repealed by Texas Senate Bill 1031 in spring 2007. The bill called for secondary schools (for grades 9-11) to take end-of-course assessments every time a student was at the end of taking a course, instead of taking general "core subject" tests. STAAR replaced the TAKS in the spring of 2012, although students who entered 10th grade before the 2011–2012 school year continued to take the TAKS. This process is part of the TAKS to STAAR transition plan. In 2015 the last students had taken the TAKS test, so the first students will graduate with a completed STAAR end of course assessments. However, many policies from the TAKS are still withheld in the STAAR's policies for practical purposes.
Schools that receive funds from the state of Texas are required to enforce these tests among students who attend the schools. Any private school, charter school, or homeschooling that does not receive monetary support from Texas is not required to take the STAAR test, and as of May 2012 they can only take the TAKS test by ordering from Pearson Education (not to be confused with Pearson PLC)
On March 16, 2020, Governor Greg Abbott waived the STAAR for the 2019–2020 school year because of the COVID-19 pandemic.and further closed most schools by the end of spring.
On June 14, 2019 House Bill HB3906 was passed by Governor Greg Abbott for the redesign of the STAAR test and a transition from paper to digital testing. (Later introduced in the 2022-2023 school year)

## History

When Senate Bill 1031 was passed in the spring of 2007, it called for the TAKS to be repealed. In 2010, Texas Commissioner of Education Robert Scott announced the successor to the TAKS, STAAR. The STAAR had intensified rigorousness and end-of-course assessments, instead of a unified 9th, 10th, and 11th-grade Mathematics, ELA, Science, and Social Studies test. Therefore, one would take an Algebra I test in order to pass Algebra I, and so on. During a speech at the Texas Association of School Administrators Midwinter Conference in Austin, Scott also said the last TAKS-based school accountability ratings will be issued in 2011. Ratings will be suspended in 2012 while a new accountability system is developed. The new state rating system will debut in 2013.
On March 16, 2020, Governor Greg Abbott suspended the STAAR for the 2019–20 school year due to school closures from the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Texas.
On April 6, 2021, the Grade 4 Writing, Grade 7 Writing, and English I STAAR tests were postponed due to technical difficulties.Grade 3 math and English STAAR tests were also postponed or simply skipped entirely.
On June 14, 2019 House Bill HB3906 was passed by Governor Greg Abbott for the redesign of the STAAR test and a transition from paper to digital testing. (Later introduced in the 2022-2023 school year)

## The STAAR Redesign

The STAAR Redesign was the result of House Bill (HB) 3906 passed by the 86th Texas Legislature in 2019. In the school years before the 2021-2022 school year, schools would take the STAAR test on paper sheets, but the redesigned model would put an end to it by turning it into a computer-based system.
House Bill (HB) 3261, enacted by the 87th Texas Legislature in 2021, requires state assessments to be administered online by the 2022–2023 school year. This will require most students to test on a computer’s lockdown browser, except students taking the STAAR Alternate 2 assessment and students who require accommodations that cannot be provided online.
House Bill 3906 also started a “multiple choice cap,” which requires that no more than 75% of points on a STAAR test can be from multiple choice questions.
Additionally, the STAAR Redesign starts an increase in cross-curricular informational passages. These reference content from other subjects, but a student's knowledge won't affect how they are scored.
Lastly, the STAAR Redesign will make it that RLA tests have reading and writing and include an ECR (extended constructed response) for every grade level.

## Structure

Standard/core subject tests taken in grades 3-8 :
| $_{Grade}$ \ $^{Subject}$ | Reading | Math | Science | Social Studies | MREOC exam† |
| Grade 3 | ✔ | ✔ | | | |
| Grade 4 | ✔ | ✔ | | | |
| Grade 5 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | | |
| Grade 6 | ✔ | ✔ | | | ✔‡ |
| Grade 7 | ✔ | ✔ | | | ✔‡ |
| Grade 8 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔‡ |
Note: for grades 4 and 5, a writing STAAR test will sometimes be required as an additional, shorter test where students would be given a professional sheet of paper and they would then be given a certain prompt pre-determined by the district and write an ECR (extended constructed respond)
Italics means a student must pass the reading and math STAAR tests to move up to the next grade level, unless they choose to opt out, and then they follow ‘did not pass’ path through the TEA SSI student success initiative framework, creating a GPC grade placement committee that can promote the student regardless of the student's pass/fail/opt out status. † - means Math-related end-of-course exams (Algebra I, )
The test formats are relatively the same compared to the TAKS test in 3-8 grade, however in 9-11th grade end of course tests will be taken to supplement the normal tests taken while the TAKS was still in effect.
The STAAR end-of-course assessments are, in their respective order:
* English I, II
* Algebra I
* Biology
* U.S. History
If a student in grade 8 or below takes Algebra I, Geometry, or Algebra II before grade 9, the student must take the respective end-of-course STAAR assessment as well as the standard STAAR tests given, but it is up to the school districts to determine if the student should take the STAAR Mathematics test or not; it is completely optional in this case. PSAT scores can also be used as substitute assessments.

## Testing procedure

A student will begin the test after instructions scripted by the Texas Education Agency are read aloud by the proctor/Test Administrator. The students have the whole school day or another school day to complete the test. A lunch break or breaks for medical needs may be provided during the test administration, but during this time the students must be monitored to ensure they refrain from talking. Students may take breaks of their own volition, such as to go to the restroom but no additional time is allowed for such breaks. Additionally, restrictions are also placed while going to the restroom in some schools as teachers monitor and take a list on all who are in the restroom and who has gone to the restroom.
When the student finishes, the student must remain in their seat(s) quietly. The proctor cannot help a student with the test but can help the student understand the instructions. The proctor is not allowed to access STAAR test content at any time except as mandated by a manual or documented needs of the student. Texas law provides for civil or criminal prosecution of someone divulging test content or student information. Most commonly irregularities are investigated by the school district, reported to the Texas Education Agency, and possibly referred to the Board of Educator Certification which may inscribe, suspend or revoke teaching credentials.
Any electronic devices in a student's possession must be turned off before testing begins. If a student uses a cell phone or other device to cheat or take pictures of test material during the test that student's test scores will be invalidated, and the proctor/Test Administrator of the student may have to explain how the irregularity occurred in a report to the Texas Education Agency. The proctor or student may face legal trouble as state law requires that the contents of the test are the property of the state and that each student's personal information and test performance are protected for use only by those involved in the student's education.

## Versions

The STAAR test has no version for students with modified instruction or receiving instruction through bi-lingual or English-as-a-Second-Language programs. However, students may be provided with accommodations, called designated supports if they are routinely used and meet eligibility guidelines created by the Texas Education Agency. The test is available in paper form or online. The online STAAR has embedded supports available that may not be fully replicated for students testing on paper. There is also an alternative test, the STAAR-Alt2, designed for students with profound cognitive limitations.

## Test development

The Texas Education Agency, Pearson Education (Texas' state assessment contractor), and Texas public school educators collaborate to create a STAAR assessment. First, educators from all over Texas review the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (the statewide curriculum) to determine the objectives to assess on each grade level. However, there are usually guidelines for which questions should be tested. Student expectations that will be tested yearly are referred to as readiness standards and expectations that may or not be tested each year are referred to as supporting standards. There are rules that govern how many readiness and how many supporting standards will be used on the exam. Then educators determined how the objectives could be best assessed and developed guidelines outlining eligible test content and test-item formats. This information is transferred to the TEA and given to Pearson Education, who develops test items based on the objectives and guidelines, and the TEA reviews those items. Teacher committees are brought to Austin to review the proposed test items, and finally the items are field-tested on some Texas students, called a "mock test." Using the input of the teacher committee and the results of field-testing, TEA and Pearson build the real STAAR. Very hard questions are usually removed from the test. A more detailed explanation is available from the Student Assessment Division of TEA. Most of the procedure follows the TAKS' development procedure.

## Differences between predecessors

Like the TAKS test, STAAR employs standardized tests to assess students' skills in reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. The TEA states that "The STAAR tests will be more rigorous than the TAKS tests and are designed to measure a student’s college and career readiness, starting in elementary school."
The Texas Education Agency says that the STAAR program for grades 3–8 will assess the same subjects as TAKS did, but that for high school "...grade-specific assessments will be replaced with 12 end-of-course (EOC) assessments: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, biology, chemistry, physics, English I, English II, English III, world geography, world history, and U.S. history."
Like the TAKS, the STAAR is mandatory every year, unlike the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills, which called for one-time testing for every student. The STAAR has 4 hour time limit (5 hour limit for English I and English II), unlike its predecessors, TAKS and TAAS. A dictionary policy allows students to use dictionaries in the Reading or English tests, beginning in grade 6.

## Scoring

Unlike the previous TAKS test, the commissioner of education announced on April 24, 2012, that the new performance standards students that take end-of-course exams must meet our Advanced Academic Performance (Highly prepared, like the TAKS test's commended level), Satisfactory Academic Performance (Sufficiently prepared but not the best, like the TAKS test's passing level), and Unsatisfactory Academic Performance (Insufficiently prepared for the next grade and does not move on to the next grade). However, Scott announced that the scoring system has been suspended for the 2011–2012 school year. There have been no announcements of grades 3-8 grading yet.
STAAR EOC Phase-in and Final Recommended Level II and Level III Standards and Minimum Scores :
| Assessment | 2012 & 2013 Phase-in 1 Minimum | 2012 & 2013 Phase-in 1 Level II | 2014 & 2015 Phase-in 2 Minimum | 2014 & 2015 Phase-in 2 Level II | 2016 Final Recommended Minimum | 2016 Final Recommended Level II | 2012 & 2013 *Phase-in Level III | 2014 Final Recommended Level III |
| English I Reading | 1813 | 1875 | 1887 | 1950 | 1936 | 2000 | N/A | 2304 |
| English II Reading | 1806 | 1875 | 1880 | 1950 | 1929 | 2000 | N/A | 2328 |
| *English III Reading | 1808 | 1875 | 1882 | 1950 | 1932 | 2000 | 2135 | 2356 |
| English I Writing | 1798 | 1875 | 1872 | 1950 | 1921 | 2000 | N/A | 2476 |
| English II Writing | 1807 | 1875 | 1880 | 1950 | 1928 | 2000 | N/A | 2408 |
| *English III Writing | 1808 | 1875 | 1881 | 1950 | 1929 | 2000 | 2155 | 2300 |
| Algebra I | 3371 | 3500 | 3626 | 3750 | 3872 | 4000 | N/A | 4333 |
| *Algebra II | 3350 | 3500 | 3604 | 3750 | 3852 | 4000 | 4080 | 4411 |
| Geometry | 3362 | 3500 | 3619 | 3750 | 3868 | 4000 | N/A | 4397 |
| Biology | 3367 | 3500 | 3621 | 3750 | 3868 | 4000 | N/A | 4576 |
| Chemistry | 3348 | 3500 | 3600 | 3750 | 3846 | 4000 | N/A | 4607 |
| Physics | 3346 | 3500 | 3600 | 3750 | 3848 | 4000 | N/A | 4499 |
| World Geography | 3383 | 3500 | 3632 | 3750 | 3874 | 4000 | N/A | 4404 |
| World History | 3326 | 3500 | 3576 | 3750 | 3822 | 4000 | N/A | 4634 |
| U.S. History | 3372 | 3500 | 3624 | 3750 | 3869 | 4000 | N/A | 4440 |