OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geojurisprudence

Geojurisprudence is "a systemic approach to the connections of legal science to geography and geopolitics".
Haushofer opened the topic in his essay "Geopolitik und Geojurisprudenz" which appeared in Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht in 1928. Here he lamented the lack of geographical understanding in German legal studies.
He said this contributed towards the general failure of the German populace to understand the nature of the First World War. He heralded Langhans-Ratzeburg as the chief representative of this new discipline, which he suggested would overcome the "thin, sterile air of legal scientific concepts and the fraudulent, political scientific, treaty-waving political posture of the so-called central powers".
With a return to putatively "German" concepts of legal relations between states, invigorated by incorporating a geographical perspective, then borders as durable legal structures rooted in geography would emerge.
With this introduction, Langhans-Ratzeburg in turn praised not only Haushofer, but also Alfred Hettner, Walther Vogel and Albert von Hoffmann for their attempts to link geography, history, politics and culture.
# Gawdat Bahgat

Gawdat Bahgat (born c. 1960s) is a professor of political science at the National Defense University. Bahgat was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt and earned degrees at Cairo University and American University in Cairo. He emigrated to the United States and earned his Ph.D at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida in 1991.

## Career

Bahgat served as a professor of political science at Indiana University of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2009 where he also was the Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. In 2006–07 he earned the Distinguished Faculty Award for research.
Bahgat has published several books, chapters, and articles on various subjects including oil politics, nuclear proliferation and the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea regions. His works have been translated into several foreign languages.
In 2010, Bahgat began teaching at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C.

## Works
### Books

* The Gulf Monarchies: New Economic and Political Realities, 1997
* The Future of the Gulf, 1997
* The Persian Gulf at the Dawn of the New Millennium, 1999
* American Oil Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, 2003
* Israel and the Persian Gulf: Retrospect and Prospect, 2006
* Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the Middle East, 2007
* Sovereign Wealth Funds in Non-OECD Countries, 2010

### Chapters

* "Oil Security in the New Millennium: Geo-Economy vs. Geo-Strategy" Year Book for International Security Policy, 2000, (in German)
* "Privatization and Democratization in the Arab World: Is There a Connection?" in Privatization and Public Policy, 2000
* "The Caspian Sea Geo-political Game: The United States Versus Iran" and "Israel and Iran: Prospects for Détente," in Oil and Water: Cooperative Security in the Persian Gulf, 2001
* "Western Strategic Cooperation with Russia Concerning Oil Supply" in Year Book for International Security Policy, 2003 (in English and German)
* "United States Oil Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf" in Pax Americana in the Middle East: The United States’ Policy towards the Regional Order of the Persian Gulf, 2005
* "Energy Security: Asia and the Middle East" in European Union-Gulf Relations, 2006
* "Energy Security in Central Asia" in Conflict and Conflict Resolution in Central Eurasia: Dimensions and Challenges, 2006
* "Libya Looks to a Bright Future Post-Sanctions" in Mediterranean Yearbook, 2006, (in English, French, and Spanish)
* "Geopolitics and Security: The American Point of View," in Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons (in English and Italian)
# Türksat 2A

Türksat 2A, a.k.a. Eurasiasat 1, was a Turkish communications satellite as part of a project to form an instant network with two geosynchronous satellites that is supervised by the companies Türksat A.Ş. in Turkey and Eurasiasat SAM in Monaco.
Türksat 2A was launched by Arianespace atop an Ariane-44P H10-3 launch vehicle on January 10, 2001, at 21:39 UTC from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. The spacecraft was successfully placed into geostationary transfer orbit and then shifted to 42°E position, co-locating with Türksat 1C, which was launched in 1996. Its broadcast traffic entered service on February 1, 2001.
Turksat 2A was designed for covering Europe, Turkey on west spot and Turkey and Central Asia including Middle East and Russia on east spot so as to serve simultaneously within that region, and to provide direct connection between Europe and Central Asia. It is based on the Alcatel Spacebus 3000B3 series having an on-orbit mass of 3,530 kg (7,780 lb) with 9,200 W power. The communications payload consists of 36 K$_u$ band transponders consisting of 22 pieces of 33 MHz fixed beam transponders and 10 transponders of 36 MHz bandwidth with two additional steerable beams.
# Robert A. Corrigan

Robert Anthony Corrigan (April 21, 1935 – July 5, 2024) was an American academic who served as the 12th president of San Francisco State University from 1988 to 2012.
Before that, Corrigan served nine years as chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Boston from 1979 to 1988.

## Early life and education

Corrigan was born on April 21, 1935. He attained an A.B. from Brown University and later completed a A.M. (1959) and Ph.D. in American civilization (1967) from the University of Pennsylvania.

## Career

Corrigan was a provost at the University of Maryland, College Park, and dean at the University of Missouri, in addition to holding faculty positions at the University of Iowa, Bryn Mawr, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.
Corrigan was a member of the National Cancer Institute's Comprehensive Minority Bio-medical Branch Task Force and the National Advisory Council for Campus Compact. He was immediate chair of the board of directors of the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U).
In January 2007, Corrigan began his second and final term as chair of the Board of Directors of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. He also served on the San Francisco Mayor's Biotechnology Advisory Council. He was a member of the San Francisco Economic Development Corporation, the California Historical Society Board of Directors, and the Private Industry Council of San Francisco. In between 1994 and 1995, he served on the Mayor's Blue Ribbon Budget Task Force; furthermore he was a past co-chair of the Bay Area School Reform Collaborative/Annenberg Challenge.
In the fall of 2011, Corrigan announced plans to retire by the end of that academic year concluding in May 2012. On April 17, 2012, Lynne Woolsey spoke before the Assembly to announce Corrigan's retirement, and to acknowledge achievements and contributions during his 24-years of service and tenure at San Francisco State University. Subsequently, Leslie E. Wong succeeded Corrigan as president of San Francisco State University.
On May 24, 2015, Brown University awarded Corrigan an honorary doctorate (honoris causa) for his work in promoting diversity and tolerance.

## Personal life and death

In 1970, Corrigan met Joyce Mobley at the University of Iowa. The two were married in 1975. Mobley had children from previous relationships; her oldest son is George Russell Jr., a serial killer responsible for murdering three women in Washington in 1990. Corrigan had a daughter and two sons from his first marriage.
Corrigan died on July 5, 2024, at the age of 89.
# Manuel A. Roa

Manuel A. Roa (born in 1872) was a Filipino Visayan politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was elected governor of Cebu and served from 1912 until 1922 and served twice as member of the Cebu Provincial Board (1909-1910 and 1937–1940).

## Early life

Manuel A. Roa was born to an old merchant family in Cebu City in 1872 and one of the first to enjoy the Pensionado Act as a student sent to the United States for education.

## Career

He was part of the electoral board in 1906 when Sergio Osmeña won as governor. Roa then served as councilor and then as municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Cebu and then was appointed as member of the provincial board in 1909.
He was governor of the province of Cebu for three terms from 1912 until 1921. As a candidate for Partido Nacionalista, he was elected on July 4, 1912, and assumed the office in October 16. On the day he was sworn, a typhoon struck the province and caused parts of the city to be submerged in one to two meters of water. It also took the lives of 396 people, wrecked over 21,000 houses, ruined 96 municipal buildings, public infrastructures, and properties, and caused the loss of crops and livestock. The biggest challenge in his first year as governor was to help the province recover and address the destruction brought about by the typhoon, with total damages estimated to be between two and four million pesos, through relief and rehabilitation efforts. Additionally, he worked to improve efficiency in tax collection, health, education, public works, and law enforcement.
He would serve two more terms by being reelected governor in 1916 and again on June 3, 1919. Under his governorship, Compostela was recognized as a municipality and no longer part of Liloan and University of the Philippines opened a Junior College of Liberal Arts in Cebu on May 3, 1918. An investigation was initiated in relation to the electoral fraud of 1919. He was involved in the controversy by a telegram he sent to then Senator Celestino Rodriguez to delay the investigation until "consultation" had been done with then Congressman Osmeña. The governor general ordered the investigation to continue and in the end, Roa was only given a reprimand and asked to pay the cost of postal service in delivering the official telegram.
Upon the end of his term in 1922, he was replaced by Arsenio V. Climaco as provincial governor. In 1937, he was part of the first city council and the first presiding officer (equivalent of vice mayor) when Cebu was declared the third city of the Philippines, after Manila and Baguio. On December 29 of that same year, he was elected to the provincial board and briefly took over as governor when Buenaventura P. Rodriguez died on December 9, 1940.
# Bonnie & Wild

Bonnie & Wild’s Scottish Marketplace is a food hall in Edinburgh, Scotland, located in the St James Quarter. It opened in July 2021 with National Chef of Scotland Gary Maclean and TV chef Jimmy Lee among the opening line-up of kitchens. The line-up now includes El Perro Negro, twice winner of the UK Burger Awards, and Kochchi, winner of several awards including the Scottish street food awards.

## Awards & Recognition

In 2024, it received a business award from Scotland Food & Drink, and in 2023 received the national Taste Our Best accreditation from VisitScotland.
It has been listed by The Times and National Geographic as one of the UK's best food halls.

## Events

On the last Thursday of every month, it hosts a free ceilidh night called the White Heather Club.
# Monty Lopez

Monty Lopez (born November 24, 1975) is an American businessman, actor, and media personality.

## Early life and education

Monty Lopez was born and raised, alongside his brother Don Lopez, in Carencro, Louisiana. He received his primary and high school education in his hometown. After attending a local high school, he pursued higher studies at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He is of Mexican, French (Cajun), and English descent.
He runs a real estate investment company named ML Sales.

## Career

He acted in the movie Spy Cat in 2018 as Detective Mitsu. He also starred in the Snapchat series Addison Rae Goes Home. In January 2022, he signed to William Morris Agency as an actor.
He was referred to as the head of "one of TikTok's biggest family" by NBC News. His family amasses a total of over 200 million TikTok followers. He is the father of three kids - 2 boys and a girl namely Enzo Lopez, Lucas Lopez and Addison Rae, whom he and his ex-wife had together shortly before they got married. During the course of his social influencer career, he has worked with Walmart, Yogurtland and Bang Energy. He also joined OnlyFans briefly, before deleting his account, only to reinstate it months later.
Monty Lopez divorced from his ex-wife and mother to Addison Rae, Sheri Nichole Easterling. Following the divorce, Monty's ex-wife Easterling was involved in a flirtatious relationship with rapper Yung Gravy, with whom she walked the 2022 MTV Video Music Awards. Lopez would release a song titled Leftovers in response to the incident.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Functioned as | Notes | Role |
| 2018 | Spycat | Actor | Voice of an animation character | Detective Mitsu |

## Personal life

Lopez has four children, including singer and actress Addison Rae with ex-wife Sheri Easterling. He also has two grandchildren.
# Pearse Stadium

Pearse Stadium (Irish: Páirc an Phiarsaigh) is the principal GAA stadium in Galway, Ireland. The Galway GAA Gaelic football and hurling teams use the stadium for their home games. The stadium, amongst others in the province of Connacht, is also used for games in the Connacht Senior Football Championship

## History
### Early years

The stadium opened on 16 June 1957, as 16,000 people came to watch Galway beat Tipperary in hurling, and Kerry in football, and to watch Bishop Michael Browne bless the facility. The stadium was opened by GAA President, Séamus McFerran. Among those invited were the 12 surviving members of the 1923 all-Ireland winning hurling team.
The site on which the stadium was built was known locally as The Boggers. The 17-acre (69,000 m$^2$) site was offered to the Gaelic Athletic Association by the town secretary Sean Gillan, and terms of purchase were negotiated. Much of the land was very wet and boggy. Work was being carried out to deepen the River Corrib at the time, so the infill from the river was used to fill in parts of the pitch and give it an elevated sideline.
Pearse Stadium hosted many hurling and football matches since, but it fell into disuse in the early 1990s.

### Re-opening

The stadium was renovated in 2002 and reopened in May 2003 with a capacity then set at 34,000. Since the major redevelopment of the ground, it has regularly hosted the Connacht Senior Football Championship final in recent years.
In 2006 the International Series versus Australia was played in Pearse Stadium which was the first time it took place outside GAA Headquarters Croke Park. On 21 June 2008, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for Back Home Tour supporting their album Back Home. Singer Ed Sheeran also held two concert in Pearse Stadium on 12 and 13 May 2018 and an additional stand was made so the stadium could host a total 63,000 fans over the two nights.

## Parking and safety

The stadium occasionally receives negative publicity due to the lack of dedicated off-street parking. In response to repeated representations made by local residents as well as community groups campaigning on pedestrian rights and road safety issues, the Garda Siochana handed out large numbers of parking tickets on at least two occasions in October 2010. Some GAA fans saw this as harsh, and one disgruntled supporter even described the Fixed Charge Penalties issued to illegally parked vehicles as a "blatant attack" on the GAA itself. However, both the GAA County Board and the Garda Siochana were adamant that they had issued repeated warnings in advance and insisted that illegally parked vehicles were ticketed after these warnings were ignored.
A nationwide health and safety survey of GAA grounds in 2011 resulted in the certified capacity of the stadium being reduced to 26,197.
# Kyle Marshall

Kyle Marshall is a Canadian animator, director, storyboard artist, and character designer, best known for serving as a storyboard artist, supervising director, supervising producer, and co-executive producer on Nickelodeon's The Loud House. He served as a storyboard supervisor until Miguel Puga succeeded him. He later became the head director of the series after Chris Savino was fired for sexual misconduct allegations.
He worked on the show from Canada until moving to Los Angeles in 2015. He previously served as a storyboard artist and character designer on shows like Jimmy Two-Shoes and Grojband. He is also the creator of the YTV show 3 Amigonauts.

## Career

He directed several episodes of The Loud House, along with series creator Chris Savino. In October 2017, he replaced Savino as the show's head director, after he was being fired from Nickelodeon for sexual harassment allegations.

## Works
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2024 | No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie | director | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009–12 | Jimmy Two-Shoes | storyboard artist character designer director (season 2) | |
| 2013–14 | Grojband | character designer | 11 episodes |
| 2016 | Fangbone! | director | 1 episode |
| 2016–17 | Atomic Puppet | storyboard artist director | 2 episodes |
| 2016–2023 | The Loud House | storyboard artist director supervising director writer supervising producer co-executive producer | |
| 2017 | ToonMarty | character designer | |
| 2017 | 3 Amigonauts | creator writer storyboard artist executive producer character designer | |
| 2025–present | Wylde Pak | creator executive producer | |
# Natasha Daly

Natasha Daly (born 29 November 1979) is a former England women's international footballer. Her greatest achievement was playing in the winning games of the 1998 FA Women's Cup Final with Arsenal.

## International career

In November 2022, Daly was recognized by The Football Association as one of the England national team's legacy players, and as the 122nd women's player to be capped by England.

## Honours

Arsenal
* FA Women's Cup: 1998
# Annemarie Goedmakers

Anne Maria Catharina (Annemarie) Goedmakers (born 25 March 1948) is a Dutch ecologist and politician of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA).

## Early life and education

Goedmakers attended grammar school at the Fons Vitae Lyceum and studied biology at the University of Amsterdam and also for a year at the Claude Bernard University Lyon 1. She obtained her PhD from the University of Amsterdam in 1981 for aquatic ecology research.

## Political career

From 1978 to 1983, she was a member of the provincial council of North Holland. There, Goedmakers clashed with her fellow party member, Queen's Commissioner Roel de Wit, when she took her baby on her lap during a meeting. After this she worked for the Ministry of Welfare, Health and Culture and for the consultancy firm DHV.
Within the PvdA, Goedmakers was a member of the national working group Rooie Vrouwen ('Red Women'), was a member of the party board and served as second vice-chairman there between 1987 and 1991. She entered the European Parliament in November 1989. There she focused mainly on budgetary matters, energy and technology. She did not return in 1994. She held various board positions and was a member of various advisory boards, especially in the areas of nature, environment, sustainability and development affairs. Goedmakers was, among other things, director of sustainability at Nuon, regional director at Staatsbosbeheer, chairman of Milieudefensie and chairman of Stichting AAP. In 2005 she lost an internal election for the party chairmanship of the PvdA of Michiel van Hulten.
# Filip Bergevi

Filip Bergevi (born 20 April 1994) is a Swedish tennis player. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 116, achieved in November 2024. His career high ATP singles ranking of No. 568 was achieved in October 2019.
Bergevi played college tennis at the University of California, Berkeley.

## Career

Bergevi made his ATP main draw debut at the 2012 Swedish Open in the doubles draw partnering Fred Simonsson.
He received a wildcard at the 2023 Stockholm Open partnering Leo Borg.

## ATP Challenger and ITF titles
### Singles: 1

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (0)
* ITF Futures / World Tennis Tour (1)
| No. | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| 1. | Feb 2019 | M15 Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt | World Tennis Tour | Hard | Sun Fajing | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$ |

### Doubles: 16

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (4)
* ITF Futures / World Tennis Tour (12)
| No. | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | Oct 2012 | Sweden F7, Jönköping | Futures | Hard | Fred Simonsson | Kalle Averfalk Robin Olin | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 2. | Jan 2018 | USA F6, Palm Coast, Florida | Futures | Clay | Florian Lakat | Maxime Chazal Fred Gil | 6–4, 6–1 |
| 3. | Apr 2019 | M15 Tabarka, Tunisia | World Tennis Tour | Clay | Markus Eriksson | Simon Carr Amaury Delmas | 6–3, 6–1 |
| 4. | May 2019 | M15 Karlskrona, Sweden | World Tennis Tour | Clay | Markus Eriksson | Justin Butsch Simon Freund | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 5. | May 2019 | M15 Kalmar, Sweden | World Tennis Tour | Clay | Markus Eriksson | Justin Butsch Simon Freund | 7–5, 6–2 |
| 6. | Sep 2019 | M25 Stockholm, Sweden | World Tennis Tour | Hard | Florian Lakat | Jan Zieliński Kacper Żuk | 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ |
| 7. | Aug 2021 | M15 Łódź, Poland | World Tennis Tour | Clay | Markus Eriksson | Kārlis Ozoliņš Aristotelis Thanos | 4–6, 6–2, [10–4] |
| 8. | Aug 2021 | M25 Poznań, Poland | World Tennis Tour | Clay | Markus Eriksson | Leonardo Aboian Valerio Aboian | w/o |
| 9. | Oct 2021 | M15 Pärnu, Estonia | World Tennis Tour | Hard (i) | Patrik Niklas-Salminen | Vladimir Ivanov Kenneth Raisma | 4–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, [10–8] |
| 10. | Nov 2021 | M15 Heraklion, Greece | World Tennis Tour | Hard | Kai Wehnelt | Park Ui-sung Harry Wendelken | 7–6$^{(10–8)}$, 4–6, [10–7] |
| 11. | Jan 2022 | M15 Cancún, Mexico | World Tennis Tour | Hard | Mick Veldheer | Constantin Bittoun Kouzmine Luis Patiño | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 12. | Jan 2023 | M25 Manacor, Spain | World Tennis Tour | Hard | Alex Knaff | Alberto Barroso Campos Imanol Lopez Morillo | 3–6, 6–3, [16–14] |
| 13. | Mar 2023 | Antalya, Turkey | Challenger | Clay | Petros Tsitsipas | Sarp Ağabigün Ergi Kırkın | 6–2, 6–4 |
| 14. | Dec 2023 | Yokohama, Japan | Challenger | Hard | Mick Veldheer | Ray Ho Calum Puttergill | 2–6, 7–5, [11–9] |
| 15. | Apr 2024 | Oeiras, Portugal | Challenger | Clay | Mick Veldheer | Sergio Martos Gornés Petros Tsitsipas | 6–1, 6–4 |
| 16. | Nov 2024 | Helsinki, Finland | Challenger | Hard (i) | Mick Veldheer | R Arneodo T Arribagé | 3–6, 7– 6$^{(7-5)}$, [10–5] |
# France Bleu Loire Océan

ici Loire Océan is a general public radio station which is part of the Radio France group. The station is based in Nantes and covers Loire-Atlantique, Vendée and part of Maine-et-Loire.

## History

Created in 1985 under the name "Radio France Loire Océan" and taking advantage of the vacant frequency (101.8 megahertz (2.94 m)) previously occupied by private station Convergence-FM, it is run by Christiane Chadal, and took its current name in 2000. Radio France Loire Océan, banned by the CNCL, is famous throughout the region for its overpowered transmitter and the media profile of its founder Thierry Allio, known as Alain Delmas.
In 2000, under the "Plan Bleu", creating the France Bleu network, it took the name "France Bleu Loire Océan". France Bleu Loire Océan broadcasts more than 12 hours of local programming per day, from 0600h to 1300h , and from 1400h to 1900h .
On 26 June 2015, the micro-local station of La Roche-sur-Yon closed after 10 years of programming specifically for la Vendée between 7h and 9h .

## Local managers

* Director : Fabienne Bureau
* Editor in chief : Pascal Roche
* Head of programming : Jean-Marie Gauthier
* Technical director : Stéphane Martin

## Broadcasts

The station broadcasts its programming via FM, to the following locations: Châteaubriant, Guémené-Penfao, La Roche-sur-Yon, Les Sables-d'Olonne, Luçon, Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, Angers and Île de Noirmoutier.