OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cedar Hill, Missouri

Cedar Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northwest Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,721 at the 2010 census.

## History

A post office called Cedar Hill has been in operation since 1868. The community was named for cedar trees near the elevated town site.

## Geography

Cedar Hill is located 32 miles (51 km) southwest of downtown St. Louis. Missouri Route 30, a four-lane highway, runs through the western side of the CDP, leading northeast into St. Louis and west 22 miles (35 km) to St. Clair.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km$^2$), all land. The Big River, a northward-flowing tributary of the Meramec River, forms the southern and western limits of the CDP, and the community is the site of an old mill and dam.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,703 people, 627 households, and 465 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 741.6 inhabitants per square mile (286.3/km$^2$). There were 657 housing units at an average density of 286.1 per square mile (110.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.89% White, 0.06% African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.
There were 627 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,481, and the median income for a family was $43,214. Males had a median income of $40,160 versus $21,074 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,599. About 5.7% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Virgibacillus

Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Bacillota. Virgibacillus species can be obligate aerobes (oxygen reliant), or facultative anaerobes and catalase enzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidal endospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genus Bacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the species V. pantothenticus. Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified as Virgibacillus species.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Sinibacillus Pseudogracilibacillus Ornithinibacillus gellani Cerasibacillus Tigheibacillus halophilus (An et al. 2007) Miliotis et al. 2024 Virgibacillus soli Kämpfer et al. 2011 Virgibacillus~2 V. kekensis Chen et al. 2008 V. litoralis Chen et al. 2012 V. salinus Carrasco, Marquez & Ventosa 2009 V. subterraneus Wang, Xue & Ma 2010 V. oceani Yin et al. 2015 V. byunsanensis Yoon et al. 2010 V. flavescens Zhang et al. 2016 V. arcticus Niederberger et al. 2009 V. phasianinus Tak et al. 2018 V. carmonensis Heyrman et al. 2003 V. necropolis Heyrman et al. 2003 Oceanobacillus halotolerans Lentibacillus saliphilus Lentibacillus~ Virgibacillus siamensis Tanasupawat et al. 2011 Lentibacillus sediminis Lentibacillus Virgibacillus halodenitrificans (Denariaz, Payne & Le Gall 1989) Yoon, Oh & Park 2004 Oceanobacillus~1 Oceanobacillus kapialis Namwong et al. 2009 Oceanobacillus picturae (Heyrman et al. 2003) Lee et al. 2006 Virgibacillus V. pantothenticus V. chiguensis V. dokdonensis V. proomii V. salexigens V. massiliensis Khelaifia et al. 2023 V. kapii Daroonpunt et al. 2016 V. kimchii Oh et al. 2021 V. sediminis V. xinjiangensis V. marismortui (Arahal et al. 1999) Heyrman et al. 2003 V. olivae Quesada et al. 2007 V. salarius Hua et al. 2008 Virgibacillus~3 V. halotolerans Seiler & Wenning 2013 V. jeotgali Sundararaman et al. 2017 V. natechei Amziane et al. 2016 V. alimentarius Kim et al. 2011 V. campisalis Lee et al. 2012 Virgibacillus~4 V. indicus Xu et al. 2018 V. profundi Xu et al. 2018 other other | Virgibacillus alimentarius [incl. Virgibacillus campisalis] Lentibacillus_C Virgibacillus_E & F "Virgibacillus ndiopensis" Francis et al. 2019 Virgibacillus oceani Virgibacillus phasianinus Virgibacillus necropolis Oceanobacillus halotolerans Lentibacillus [incl. "Virgibacillus ihumii", Virgibacillus siamensis, "Virgibacillus doumboii", Virgibacillus litoralis, Virgibacillus subterraneus] Ornithinibacillus gellani Cerasibacillus Ornithinibacillus Virgibacillus V. indicus V. profundi V. halotolerans V. natechei Lentibacillus sediminis V. halodenitrificans "Oceanobacillus manasiensis" Oceanobacillus jordanicus V. salarius V. salexigens V. proomii V. pantothenticus V. chiguensis V. dokdonensis other |
# Xenochrophis cerasogaster

The painted keelback (Xenochrophis cerasogaster) is a species of colubrid snake found in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and India (Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal). This snake is sometimes called the dark-bellied marsh snake.

## Description

    See snake scales for terminology
In this species, the head is narrow and elongated, with an angular canthus rostralis and slightly concave lores; the eyes are moderate or rather small. The rostral is 1.5 to 3.0 times as broad as it is long; the suture between the internasals is nearly as long as that between the prefrontals; the frontal is much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; the lorealae are as long as deep or a little longer, It has one preocular, two or three postoculars, and one or two suboculars; the temporals number 2+2 or 2+3. It has 9 upper labials, with the fourth (rarely fifth) entering the eye; the five or six lower labials are in contact with the anterior chin shields, which are about as long as the posterior. Its scales are strongly keeled, in 19 rows, with 140-151 ventral scales; the anal scale is divided; the subcaudals are 60–70 in number.
This snake is brown above, with or without darker spots and with a more or less distinct paler dorsolateral band. The lower parts are cherry-red to purplish-black, with a yellow band on each side extending from the lips to the end of the tail. Total length is two feet, and the tail is 5.5 inches.
# Erna Brinkman

Erna Augusta Brinkman (born 25 March 1972 in Sneek, Friesland) is a retired volleyball player from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992.
Brinkman was a member of the Netherlands national team that won the gold medal at the 1995 European Championship by defeating Croatia 3–0 in the final.
# Hold the Lion, Please

Hold the Lion, Please is a 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon, first released on June 6, 1942, distributed by the Vitaphone Corporation and Warner Bros. This is the first Bugs Bunny cartoon where the title does not refer "hare", "bunny", or "rabbit", the character's tenth appearance overall, and Chuck Jones' 39th Warner Bros. cartoon. Tedd Pierce handled writing duties, while Carl W. Stalling composed the music.
The title is a play on the expression used by switchboard operators of the day, asking the caller to "hold the line." The Three Stooges made a short with a similar title, Hold That Lion, which also featured a renegade lion.

## Plot

The short focuses on a lion named Leo who's trying to prove he's still 'King of the Jungle' by hunting a small, defenseless animal. He chooses Bugs Bunny as his intended victim, but Leo soon finds out that, in a battle of wits, he's the defenseless one. However, Leo eventually gets Bugs under one paw while raising the other one, claws extended, and looking extremely angry; a truly frightened-looking Bugs could be facing his end.
Just then, Leo's wife, Hortense, calls him on Bugs' phone, and Leo immediately goes from ferocious to meek. After a brief conversation, Leo tells her that he's on his way home. After hanging up the phone, Leo apologizes to Bugs about not being able to "stay and kill him," and dashes home to Hortense. Initially, Bugs makes fun of Leo for his submissiveness to his wife, but it's quickly shown that Bugs is just as submissive to his own wife, Mrs Bugs Bunny (according to a sign behind her), whose presence sends her husband sheepishly slinking back into their rabbit hole. Mrs. Bunny then asks the audience, "Who wears the pants in this family?" before lifting up her skirt to show her literally wearing a pair of pants.

## Cast

* Mel Blanc as Bugs Bunny, Monkey, Giraffe, and Mrs. Bugs Bunny.
* Tedd Pierce as Leo the Lion.
* Tex Avery as the Hippo.
# Jean-Baptiste Charcot

Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893). As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

## Life

Jean-Baptiste Charcot was appointed leader of the French Antarctic Expedition with the ship Français exploring the west coast of Graham Land from 1904 until 1907. The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast. From 1908 until 1910, another expedition followed with the ship Pourquoi Pas ?, exploring the Bellingshausen Sea and the Amundsen Sea and discovering Loubet Land, Marguerite Bay, Mount Boland and Charcot Island, which was named after his father, Jean-Martin Charcot. He named Hugo Island after Victor Hugo, the grandfather of his wife, Jeanne Hugo.
The Royal Geographic Society awarded its Patron's Medal to Charcot in 1911, citing "his important expeditions to the Antarctic, during which he conducted investigations of high scientific value in geology, meteorology, magnetic conditions and biology."
Later on, Jean-Baptiste Charcot explored Rockall in 1921 and Eastern Greenland and Svalbard from 1925 until 1936. He died when Pourquoi-Pas ? was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Iceland in 1936.
Charcot participated in many sports. He won two silver medals in sailing at the Summer Olympics of 1900.

## Dedications

A monument to Charcot was created in Reykjavík, Iceland by sculptor Einar Jónsson in 1936 and another by Ríkarður Jónsson in 1952.
Charcot has had various places and things named after him:
* Charcotiana, a lichen genus
* Charcot Bay, Antarctica
* Charcot Fan, an abyssal fan in the Southern Ocean
* Charcot Land, a peninsula in Greenland
* Le Commandant Charcot, an icebreaking cruise ship
# Rush Township, Michigan

Rush Township is a civil township of Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,268 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* Five Points North is an unincorporated community in this township and New Haven Township on North M-52 at Riley Road and Seymour Road.43°04′25″N 84°10′03″W﻿ / ﻿43.07361°N 84.16750°W﻿ / 43.07361; -84.16750﻿ (Five Points North)
* Henderson, formerly Hendersonville, is a census-designated place and unincorporated community located within the township at 43°05′11″N 84°11′43″W﻿ / ﻿43.08639°N 84.19528°W﻿ / 43.08639; -84.19528﻿ (Henderson).

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.24 square miles (91.27 km$^2$), of which 34.90 square miles (90.39 km$^2$) is land and 0.34 square miles (0.88 km$^2$) (0.96%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 1,409 people, 505 households, and 413 families residing in the township. The population density was 40.0 inhabitants per square mile (15.4/km$^2$). There were 541 housing units at an average density of 15.4 per square mile (5.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.58% White, 0.07% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.28% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.
There were 505 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.2% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $47,232, and the median income for a family was $51,731. Males had a median income of $35,815 versus $22,400 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,053. About 3.0% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Highways

* M-52
# 1987 Bukit Tuku by-election

The 1987 Bukit Tuku by-election is a by-election for the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly state seat of Bukit Tuku, Malaysia that were held on 28 June 1987. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Zakaria Botok on 31 March 1987.

## Background

Zakaria Botok, from United Malays National Organization (UMNO), were elected to the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly newly created seat of Bukit Tuku at the 1986 Kelantan state election as a Barisan Nasional (BN) candidate, defeating Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) candidate Fatah Harun. Prior to that, he was the incumbent of Gual Periok state seat, which he won in the 1982 Kelantan state election.
On 31 March 1987, Zakaria passed away at General Hospital, Kota Bharu. He has been admitted to the hospital since August 1986 after being involved in an accident at Pasir Mas-Rantau Panjang highway, where he suffered serious injuries. His death means that Bukit Tuku state seat were vacated. This necessitates for by-election to be held, as the seat were vacated more that 2 years before the expiry of Kelantan assembly current term. Election Commission of Malaysia (SPR) have announced, after an injunction to prevent the by-election that had been filed by Fatah has been lifted, that the by-election for the seat will be held on 28 June 1987, with 16 June 1987 set as the nomination day.

## Nomination and campaign

After nomination closed, it was confirmed that there will be a 3-way fight between BN, PAS and independent candidate for the Bukit Tuku seat. BN nominated UMNO Rantau Panjang division youth chief Mohamad Zain Ismail, while PAS re-nominated Fatah as their candidate. A businessman, Noor Mohamad Din also handed his nomination papers as an independent candidate.
In their campaign, BN had claimed that PAS and independent candidates plan to use 'dirty tactics' to help them in the by-election.

## Timeline

The key dates are listed below.
| Date | Event |
| | Issue of the Writ of Election |
| 16 June 1987 | Nomination Day |
| 16–27 June 1987 | Campaigning Period |
| | Early polling day for postal and overseas voters |
| 28 June 1987 | Polling Day |
# Lubomír Novosad

Ľubomír Novosád (born 2 March 1972) competed for Czechoslovakia in the men's standing volleyball event at the 1992 Summer Paralympics (bronze medal) and for Slovakia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics (silver medal) and the 2000 Summer Paralympics (bronze medal).
# Kuchesar

Kuchesar was a Zamindari estate of Dalal Jats during the British Raj. It is situated off the NH 24 in what is now of Bulandshahr district, Uttar Pradesh, India, 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Delhi.
Part of the Kuchesar Fort, built 1734, became a heritage hotel in 1998, after its restoration by Neemrana Hotels.

## Kuchesar Estate
### Mughal era

By 1790, Ramdhan Singh had recaptured all of Kuchesar estate; he had also acquired Pooth, Siana, Thana Farida, Datyane and Saidpur on Rs 40,000 annual Malguzari lease from the ruler of Delhi Shah Alam II. After 1782, Kuchesar mud-fort remained in unbroken possession of the family; it was granted to them in perpetual lease by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1790, a grant confirmed by the British in 1807.

### British era

The British formalised their authority over the area in 1803; they recognised the estate of Kuchesar and its estate-holders without alteration to the status quo. Kuchesar State, which was obtained by Rao Randhan Singh Dalal as perpetual jagir from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (ruled 1759–1806) for an annual payment of Rs. 40,000, was later confirmed to him by British. Randhan Singh died in prison in Meerut in 1816, and his jagir was granted revenue-free by in perpetuity to his son Rao Fateh Singh by the British Raj Lord Moira in 1816.
Rao Fateh Singh died in 1839 and his son Rao Bahadur Singh added to his estate. He wanted to leave his estate equally to his two sons, Gulab Singh and Umarao Singh, but Gulab Singh resented it and Umarao Singh was found murdered in his house in 1847.
Gulab Singh inherited the estate for his services to British during Indian Rebellion of 1857. He had no sons, after he died in 1859 the estate was managed by his widow Rani Jaswant Kumari pending a settlement. Jaswant Kumari died quite soon afterwards, and was followed in these offices by Gulab Singh's only daughter, Bhup Kumari.
Bhup Kumari died without a child in 1861 and her husband Kushal Singh laid claim to the estate. Kushal Singh was a nephew and adopted son of Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh State. After Nahar's property was ceased by British and his estate was abolished for his participation in 1857 war of independence, a political pension of Rs. 6,000 a year was settled upon, Nahar's heir-apparent adopted son and nephew, Kushal Singh. Kushal left Ballabhgarh for good and sought shelter with his wife's people at Kuchesar. In 1868, the Panchyat court divided the estate into three parts:
* share of 6/16 to Umrao Singh, he later gave his daughter to Kushal Singh
* share of 5/16's to Pratap Singh,
* remaining share of 5/16 to Khusal Singh.
Umrao Singh married one of his daughters to Kushal Singh, who bore him a son Giriraj Singh. In 1898, Umrao Singh died and his grandson and Kushal Singh's son, Rao Giriraj Singh, inherited the portion held by him as well as the portion held by Kushal Singh.
# Ichiro Miyake

Ichiro Miyake (三宅 市郎, Miyake Ichirō, March 24, 1881 in Kushihara, Gifu – February 15, 1964 in Ōta, Tokyo) was a Japanese mycologist.
# Saleh Farah Dirir

Saleh Farah Dirir (May 7, 1937 – October 13, 2011) was a Djiboutian diplomat.

## Career

* He was lecturer on physical science.
* He was advisor Ministry Education and Higher Education of Somalia.
* He was chairman of the science and mathematics division College Education in Somalia.
* He was chairman, member and advisor of the national science committee.
* He was employed at the National University and the University Senate.
* On April 1, 1981, he was designated ambassador in Washington, D.C., where he was accredited from June 4, 1981, to 1987 with coaccredition as Permanent Representative to the Headquarters of the United Nations.
* In 1987 he was ambassador in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) with coaccredition in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), Nairobi (Kenya) and Kampala (Uganda).
# Paul Hudson (disambiguation)

Paul Hudson may refer to:
* Paul Hudson (born 1971), British journalist
* Paul Hudson (footballer) (born 1970), Australian athlete
* Paul Hudson (businessman) (born 1967), British chief executive
* Paul S. Hudson, Canadian agriculturalist
* Paul D. Hudson (born 1956), frontman of the American band Bad Brains
# Church of SS Mary and Ambrose, Edgbaston

Church of SS Mary and Ambrose, Edgbaston is a Grade II listed parish church in the Church of England in Birmingham.

## History

The site for the church was given by Augustus Gough-Calthorpe, 6th Baron Calthorpe. The church cost £8,000 with the parishioners contributing £2,000 and the Misses Stokes of the Hawthorns, Edgbaston, the balance. The church was consecrated by the Bishop of Worcester Rt. Revd. John Perone on 28 September 1898.
The church was built between 1897 and 1898 by J. A. Chatwin. It was a daughter parish to St Bartholomew's Church, Edgbaston.

## Clergy

* 1891–1915: Arthur G Lloyd
* 1915–1950: Martin Cope Heathcote Hughes
* 1950–1975: Alfred Doyle
* 1975–1983: Nigel Graham
* 1983–1988: Richard Wilcox
* 1990–1994: John Ward
* 1996–2002: Hilary Savage
* 2004–2016: Catherine Grylls
* 2025–present: Chris Mitton

## Organ

The first organ in the church was built by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd in 1898. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

### Organists

* W. Timperley ca. 1890
* H.S. Williams ca. 1907
* C.F. Mottram 1919 - ????
* Geoffrey Norman Gibbon 1946 - 1948
* Anthony John Cooke 1948 – 1949
* Harrison Oxley 1949 - 1950
* Geoffrey Norman Gibbons 1950 - 1961 (afterwards organist at Henley in Arden)
* Malcolm Jones 1968 - ???? (formerly organist of St Philip's Church, Dorridge)
* Anthony White 1983 - 1986
* David Dewar 1989 - 1991
# Hoehn and Yahr scale

The Hoehn and Yahr scale is a commonly used system for describing how the symptoms of Parkinson's disease progress. It was originally published in 1967 in the journal Neurology by Margaret Hoehn and Melvin Yahr and included stages 1 through 5. Since then, a modified Hoehn and Yahr scale was proposed with the addition of stages 1.5 and 2.5 to help describe the intermediate course of the disease. It has been shown that HY stage discrimination can be automated, even with patients who cannot support themselves.
| Stage | Hoehn and Yahr Scale | Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale |
| 1 | Unilateral involvement only usually with minimal or no functional disability | Unilateral involvement only |
| 1.5 | - | Unilateral and axial involvement |
| 2 | Bilateral or midline involvement without impairment of balance | Bilateral involvement without impairment of balance |
| 2.5 | - | Mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test |
| 3 | Bilateral disease: mild to moderate disability with impaired postural reflexes; physically independent | Mild to moderate bilateral disease; some postural instability; physically independent |
| 4 | Severely disabling disease; still able to walk or stand unassisted | Severe disability; still able to walk or stand unassisted |
| 5 | Confinement to bed or wheelchair unless aided | Wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided |
The scale is a subset of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, specifically the UPDRS V, allowing a more nuanced assessment of daily activities and non-motor symptoms in the context of disease therapy.

## Time between stages

A 2010 study of 695 patients (mean age: 65.2, male: 57.3%) found the median time taken to transit H&Y stages as shown below:
| Stage | Median Time to Transit (Months) |
| 1 | - |
| 2 | 20 |
| 2.5 | 62 |
| 3 | 25 |
| 4 | 24 |
| 5 | 26 |