# Kathleen Kennedy Townsend

Kathleen Hartington Kennedy Townsend (born July 4, 1951) is an American attorney who served as the sixth lieutenant governor of Maryland from 1995 to 2003. She was the first woman to serve in that role. A member of the Democratic Party, she ran unsuccessfully for governor of Maryland in 2002.
In 2010, Townsend became the chair of the non-profit American Bridge, an organization whose focus is to raise funds for Democratic candidates and causes. Since 2021, she has served in the United States Department of Labor as an advisor on retirement. She is a member of the prominent political Kennedy family, and is the oldest grandchild of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy.

## Early life and education

Kathleen Hartington Kennedy was born on July 4, 1951, in Greenwich, Connecticut, the eldest of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel's 11 children. She is named after her paternal aunt Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington. Kennedy is the eldest grandchild of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy. She spent her childhood between the family's homes in McLean, Virginia and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. While growing up, it was not assumed that the girls in the politically oriented Kennedy family would run for office. However, after her uncle, President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated, her father wrote Kathleen saying, "As the oldest of the next generation you have a particular responsibility. ... Be kind to others and work for your country." Her family gave her the nicknames "Clean Kathleen", "the Nun", and "the Un-Kennedy".
Over the summer of 1964, Kennedy won four blue ribbons for her "excellence in horsemanship". On August 29, 1965, the 14-year-old Kennedy was somersaulted by her horse while competing at Sea Flash Farms in West Barnstable, Massachusetts. She was left unconscious and bleeding internally and was rushed to Cape Cod Hospital, located fifteen miles away. Kennedy’s family was en route to Hyannis Port at the time of the incident and was not located for another three hours.
Kennedy was 16 when her father was assassinated. The night he was shot at the Ambassador Hotel, Kennedy and her two oldest brothers, Joseph II and Robert Jr., were being flown to Los Angeles aboard one of the planes in the Secret Service's presidential fleet named "the Jet Star".
Kennedy was educated at Our Lady of Victory Elementary School in Washington, D.C., and later graduated from The Putney School in Vermont. She attended Radcliffe College of Harvard University, receiving her bachelor's degree in history and literature in 1974. Kennedy then studied at the University of New Mexico School of Law, receiving her Juris Doctor degree in 1978.

## Early career

After graduating from law school, Kennedy worked as an attorney at a private law firm, Clendenen & Lesser, in New Haven, Connecticut, while her husband, David Townsend, attended Yale Law School. In 1982, Kathleen was admitted to the Massachusetts bar, and worked as a law clerk for U.S. District Court Judge A. David Mazzone. She also worked on her uncle Ted Kennedy's 1980 presidential campaign, stumped for local Democrats, and was hired as a policy analyst for Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis in the early 1980s while she and her husband resided in Newton, Massachusetts.
In 1984, the family settled in the Baltimore area, in her husband's home state. In 1985, Kathleen was admitted to the Maryland bar. Two years later, Townsend became the first Kennedy family member to lose a general election when she ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in Maryland's strongly Republican 2nd congressional district, using the name Townsend only. Incumbent Republican Helen Delich Bentley defeated her 59% to 41%.
After her failed congressional bid, Townsend went to work for the state government of Maryland, holding numerous posts including assistant Attorney General. In 1993, she took a job at the U.S. Justice Department overseeing grants to local police departments and community groups.

## Lieutenant governor of Maryland
### 1994 election

In 1994, Parris Glendening was running for governor in a highly contested primary against then-Lt. Governor Melvin Steinberg when he selected her as his running mate. Experts did not believe she would be an asset, but her name recognition (she now used the name Kennedy Townsend) and her fund-raising skills helped him to win.
In the general election, Glendening and Townsend beat Republican candidate Ellen Sauerbrey in one of Maryland's closest and most controversial gubernatorial elections. After unofficial results indicated that Sauerbrey had lost the election by a narrow margin, she began making what The Washington Post called "sensational charges" that the election had been stolen. Sauerbrey's allegations included ballot box stuffing, 100% voting in one precinct, voting by numerous dead people, and what she called the Kennedy "precedent"—that unproven rumors that John Kennedy had stolen the 1960 Presidential election proved that his niece Townsend had stolen this election.
The official vote tally declared Glendening the winner by 5,993 votes out of 1.4 million. Sauerbrey hired an election specialist known for aggressive tactics then filed a lawsuit alleging that 50,000 votes had been cast illegally. By the time the hearing began in January 1995, however, Sauerbrey had backed away from the fraud charges and her claim centered on sloppy election procedures and 3,600 challenged ballots. The number of challenged ballots would not have been enough to change the result even if all of them were thrown out. The judge ruled that about 1,800 votes had been cast in Baltimore by people whose names should have been purged from the rolls, but said that there was no clear and convincing evidence that fraud or procedural errors had affected the outcome. Sauerbrey dropped the suit three days before Glendening was to be inaugurated, but still maintained her belief that she had won the election.
Sauerbrey ran against Glendening again in 1998, but this time Glendening and Townsend won by a much wider margin (55% to 44%).

### Tenure

During her tenure as lieutenant governor, Townsend focused on reducing crime and promoting economic development. Under her leadership, Maryland became the first state to require community service as a prerequisite to high school graduation. Townsend's "HotSpot Communities Initiative" collaborated with law enforcement and government agencies to design and implement a comprehensive enforcement and prevention strategy at targeted high-crime areas. Her "Break the Cycle" program required offenders on parole or probation to take frequent drug tests.
During the 2000 presidential election, Townsend travelled to Iowa to campaign for Al Gore.

## 2002 gubernatorial election

In the Maryland gubernatorial election of 2002, Townsend faced Republican Bob Ehrlich and Libertarian Spear Lancaster in the general election.
During the campaign, Townsend was criticized for her choice of running mate, Admiral Charles R. Larson, a novice politician who had switched parties only a few weeks before. Some also criticized the choice of a white male as unlikely to help minority turnout. Ehrlich's running mate was Michael Steele, an African-American lawyer who had been chairman of the Republican Party of Maryland.
Though Maryland traditionally votes Democratic and had not elected a Republican governor in almost 40 years, Townsend lost the race, gaining 48% of the vote to Ehrlich's 51% and Lancaster's 1%. Ehrlich became only the seventh Republican governor in state history. In the end, most observers agreed she ran a weak campaign. They specifically cited a lack of planning, claiming that she hastily booked campaign stops in rural areas hostile to her. The Baltimore Sun said the defeat derailed her political career, at least in the short run.

## Post political career

Townsend, along with siblings Robert, Jr. and Kerry, endorsed Hillary Clinton for president in the 2008 Democratic primaries.
Townsend wrote the book Failing America's Faithful: How Today's Churches Are Mixing God with Politics and Losing Their Way, published in 2007. She also contributes to The Recovering Politician, a website started by Jonathan Miller.
Townsend is an adjunct professor at the Georgetown Public Policy Institute, a visiting fellow at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, and senior Nitze fellow at St. Mary's College of Maryland.
In December 2010, Townsend was appointed chair of American Bridge, a new non-profit that would raise funds for Democratic candidates and causes, and that was intended to be a Democratic counterpart to right-leaning organizations such as American Crossroads and Crossroads GPS. She noted that the Democrats did not have such an organization during the 2010 election cycle, and that Republicans outspent the Democrats by $70 million. Townsend stated, "I want to compete dollar to a dollar with the Republicans and I want to beat them".
Townsend endorsed incumbent Democrat Joe Biden's reelection campaign in the 2024 United States presidential election over a third-party/independent challenge by her brother Robert. Four months later, Townsend and four of her siblings endorsed Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris's campaign in the 2024 United States presidential election, and denounced their brother Robert Jr.'s decision to endorse former President Donald Trump, calling the move a "betrayal".

## Personal life

In 1973, Kathleen married David Lee Townsend (born 1947), whom she had met when he was a graduate student and her tutor at Radcliffe. As of April 2020, David is a member of the faculty at St. John's College in Annapolis. They have four daughters:
* Meaghan Anne Kennedy Townsend (born November 7, 1977)
* Maeve Fahey Kennedy Townsend (November 1, 1979 – April 2, 2020)
* Rose Katherine "Kat" Kennedy Townsend (born December 17, 1983)
* Kerry Sophia Kennedy Townsend (born November 30, 1991)
On June 27, 2011, Maeve gave birth to a son named Gideon Joseph Kennedy McKean. Gideon was the first great-grandchild for Bobby and Ethel, as well as the first of the fifth generation of Kennedys.
Maeve and son Gideon went missing, and were presumed dead, in a canoeing accident that occurred on April 2, 2020. After 26 hours, the recovery mission was suspended. Maeve's body was found in the Chesapeake Bay on April 6 and Gideon's body was recovered two days later. His body was 2,000 feet from where his mother's was found.

## Boards

Townsend has served on the boards of many organizations, and as a consultant to several corporations. She is the chair of the Institute for Human Virology at the University of Maryland. Townsend is on the boards of directors of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, the Points of Light Foundation, the Center for American Progress and Catholic Democrats. She was formerly on the independent Advisory Council of the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), a panel that was appointed to review the functioning of ACORN following the scandal touched off by hidden camera videos in September 2009, and the board of the National Catholic Reporter. Townsend is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Inter-American Dialogue. She is also on the Board of Selectors of Jefferson Awards for Public Service. Townsend is on the board of directors at the Lightbridge nuclear fuel technology company.

## Electoral history

2002 gubernatorial election, Maryland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Robert Ehrlich / Michael Steele | 879,592 | 51.6 |
| Democratic | Kathleen Kennedy Townsend / Charles R. Larson | 813,422 | 47.7 |
| Libertarian | Spear Lancaster | 11,546 | 0.7 |
| Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |
1998 gubernatorial election, Maryland Lieutenant Governor's seat – sharing one ballot space with the nominee for Gov. :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Parris Glendening (incumbent) / Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (incumbent) | 846,972 | 55.2 |
| Republican | Ellen Sauerbrey / Richard D. Bennett | 688,357 | 44.8 |
| Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
1994 gubernatorial election, Maryland Lieutenant Governor's seat – sharing one ballot space with the nominee for Gov. :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Parris Glendening / Kathleen Kennedy Townsend | 708,094 | 50.2 |
| Republican | Ellen Sauerbrey / Paul Rappaport | 702,101 | 49.8 |
| Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
1986 U.S. congressional election, Maryland's 2nd district :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Helen Delich Bentley | 96.745 | 59% |
| Democratic | Kathleen Kennedy Townsend | 68,200 | 41% |
| Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |