OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry of Defence (Latvia)

The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republikas Aizsardzības ministrija) is the Latvian government ministry in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and defence policy, and for the overall management and control of related subordinate agencies, such as the Latvian National Armed Forces. The ministry is headed by the politically appointed Minister of Defence.
The ministry was established on 22 November 1918 as the Ministry of Protection (Latvian: Apsardzības ministrija), just four days after the proclamation of the independence of Latvia. Jānis Zālītis [lv], a member of the People's Council of Latvia, was appointed as minister. After the end of the Latvian War of Independence, in 1922 the ministry was renamed as the Ministry of War (Latvian: Kara ministrija).
After the occupation of Latvia in 1940 by the Soviet Union, the ministry was formally dissolved on 27 September 1940, and its building taken over by the HQ of the Baltic Military District of the Soviet Army until August 1994. On 13 November 1991, the ministry was re-established in its current form as the Ministry of Defence on the basis of the Public Security Department by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia.

## Core tasks

* Strategic analysis, research and development (R&D)
* The development of long-term policy including future strategic concepts and doctrines
* Perspective and structural planning
* Planning, budgeting and implementation in the medium and short term
* Overall management of agencies’ activities during the budget year
* Operational policy, planning and management at a strategic level
* Exercise policy, planning and management at a strategic level
* Emergency planning, policy and management at a strategic level
* Crisis management
* Development and implementation of security policy, both nationally and internationally
* Development of defence cooperation with allied- and partner countries
* Strategic personnel management
* Information, communication and press relations
* Strategic leadership and management in the field of ICT
* Organisational development
* Preventive security at a strategic level
* Legal questions
* Controller / Internal audit
* Internal administration

## Symbols

As all Latvian government institutions since January 2015, the Ministry of Defence uses the Large Coat of Arms of Latvia as its logo, sometimes topped with a bar of the respective color of the ministry (HEX #666633 or olive green in this case). A previous symbol, which is still occasionally used by the ministry, consists of a rising sun with three stars in the center, similar to the cap badge of the Latvian Armed Forces adopted during the Latvian War of Independence and still in use today.
The rising sun symbol is also visible on the top left corner of the personal Standard of the Minister of Defence (Latvian: Aizsardzības ministra karogs), adopted on 25 August 1922 and still in use today.
* Flag of the Minister of Defence of Latvia
* Emblem of the Ministry of Defence
# Primordial (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| New Transcendence | 9/10 |
Primordial is the debut album by American deathcore band Shadow of Intent. The album was released on January 10, 2016. It is the band's only studio album to be a two-piece and to feature programmed drums. The tracks "The Prelude to Bereavement", "The Shaping Sickness", "The Cosmic Inquisitor", "The Last Bastion" and "The Indexing" were all originally on the band's 2014 debut EP Inferi Sententia, and were re-recorded for this album. The album is compiled as an instrumental edition along with their second studio album Reclaimer on the album The Instrumentals, released on October 20, 2017.

## Personnel

Shadow of Intent
* Ben Duerr – lead vocals
* Chris Wiseman – guitars, drum programming, backing vocals, producer, engineering
Guests
* Dan Watson (Mire Lore, ex-Infant Annihilator, ex-Enterprise Earth) – vocals on "The Cosmic Inquisitor"
Staff
* Randy Pasquarella – mixing, mastering
* Brutal Disorder Designs – cover art
# Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear

Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear is an 1889 self-portrait by Dutch Post-Impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh. The painting is in the collection of the Courtauld Institute of Art and on display in the Gallery at Somerset House. The painting includes inspiration from Japanese woodblock printing.

## About the painting

In this self-portrait, Van Gogh portrays himself in a blue cap with black fur and a green overcoat with a bandage covering his ear and extending under his chin. Behind him is an open window, a canvas on an easel, with a few indistinguishable marks, as well as a Japanese woodblock print, Geishas in a Landscape made by Satō Torakiyo in the 1870s.
The fur cap pictured in the portrait serves as a memory of the difficult working circumstances he encountered in January 1889. The cap had been recently purchased to keep his heavy bandage in place and protect him from the winter cold.
Van Gogh used Impasto painting strokes, a technique where paint is laid thickly on a surface to show marks of the Painting knife, to give the composition more energy and passion. He was inspired by Adolphe Monticelli's use of impasto in his own paintings as illustrated by the letter he wrote to his brother, Theo, in 1888.
Van Gogh had moved from Paris to Arles to establish a community of supportive artists called the Studio of the South. After renting four rooms in The Yellow House, he invited Paul Gauguin to join him.
On evening of 23 December 1888, Gauguin threatened to leave and Van Gogh approached him with a razor. Later that night, he sliced off his own left ear, which is not apparent in the portrait since he used a mirror to paint it, making it seem like the right ear is bandaged instead, and brought it to a prostitute in Arles.

## History

In a 17 January 1889 letter to his brother Theo, Van Gogh mentioned he had made a new self-portrait, which is believed to be this one.
At the time of Van Gogh's death, this painting was in the possession of Julien (Père) Tanguy, although it was unclear how he had obtained it. Tanguy had posed twice for Van Gogh in 1887. It was exhibited in Paris 1901 and 1905 in a major Van Gogh retrospective. In 1928 Samuel Courtauld purchased it and it is currently in the collection of the Courtauld Gallery in London.

## The Japanese Art Influence

The art of woodblock printing in Japan was of great influence for Van Gogh as he was a big collector of many Japanese pieces. Throughout his lifetime, he had collected hundreds of Japanese prints, including Geishas in a Landscape by Torakiyo Sato, which was then used as inspiration for the copy in the background of this portrait.
Van Gogh's interest in Japanese art guided him to modernize his own art style. He enjoyed the bold colors and spatial effects of the Japanese prints which prompted him to start using them in all of his work including this portrait.
# Marjorie May Bacon

Marjorie May Bacon, later Marjorie Macbeth-Raeburn (6 January 1902 – 9 February 1988) was a British printmaker and painter.

## Biography

Bacon was born in Ipswich and lived in Great Yarmouth as a child. Bacon attended Yarmouth Art School from 1914–23 where she won a scholarship in 1917 and by 1921 passed the Board of Education's drawing examinations at the earliest age possible. She studied at the Norwich School of Art and then at the Royal College of Art in London, obtaining her diploma in 1927.
Bacon produced aquatints, wood-engravings and lithographs. She exhibited at the Royal Academy and with the New English Art Club. Her Royal Academy exhibits included Miss Aline Wilson of Welby Park, 1934. An oil painting by Bacon depicting Queen Elizabeth and Princess Margaret as children riding on horses is held in the Royal Collection.
In 1936, in London, Bacon married the artist Henry Macbeth-Raeburn and, by 1939, the couple were living in Great Yarmouth. In the 1940s, she was a member of, and exhibited with, the Ipswich Art Club.
# Bruno José

Bruno José de Souza, commonly known as Bruno José, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Júbilo Iwata.

## Career

Trained in the youth ranks of Internacional, Bruno José turned professional at the start of 2019 and, after making two appearances for the senior team in Campeonato Gaúcho, was loaned to Botafogo-SP at the end of February 2019 for the rest of the year. He made his national league debut in the first match of 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B on 27 April 2019, a 3–1 victory against Vitória.

## Career Statistics
### Club

    As of 7 August 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State league | State league | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Internacional | 2019 | Série A | — | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Botafogo SP (loan) | 2019 | Série B | 18 | 2 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 3 |
| CSA (loan) | 2020 | Série B | — | — | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Brasil de Pelotas (loan) | 2020 | Série B | 22 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 6 |
| Cruzeiro | 2021 | Série B | 30 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 45 | 3 |
| Cruzeiro | 2022 | Série B | — | — | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| Cruzeiro | Total | Total | 30 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 54 | 4 |
| Guarani (loan) | 2022 | Série B | 35 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 2 |
| Guarani (loan) | 2023 | Série B | 32 | 4 | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 41 | 5 |
| Guarani (loan) | Total | Total | 67 | 6 | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 76 | 7 |
| Júbilo Iwata | 2024 | J1 League | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 155 | 16 | 40 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 207 | 21 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Campeonato Gaúcho
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in Campeonato Paulista Série A1
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Campeonato Alagoano
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa do Nordeste
* ↑ Appearance(s) in J.League Cup
# Georges Frédéric Ziesel

Georges Frédéric Ziesel (1757–1809), was a Flemish flower and still life painter.

## Biography

He was born in Hoogstraten on 15 April 1757 and became a follower of Jan van Huysum.
He died in Antwerp on 26 June 1809.
# Łosień, Lublin Voivodeship

Łosień is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wysokie, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 38 km (24 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# Digital rain

Digital rain, or Matrix code, is the visual effect of vertically falling computer code popularised by the 1999 film The Matrix. The code is a way of representing the activity of the simulated reality environment of the Matrix on screen by kinetic typography. All four movies in the The Matrix franchise, as well episodes of the spin-off The Animatrix, open with the code. It is a characteristic mark of the franchise, similar to the opening crawl featured in the Star Wars franchise.

## Background

In the film, the code that comprises the Matrix itself is frequently represented as downward-flowing green characters. This code uses a custom typeface designed by Simon Whiteley, which includes mirror images of half-width kana characters and Western Latin letters and numerals. In a 2017 interview at CNET, he attributed the design to his wife, who comes from Japan, and added, "I like to tell everybody that The Matrix's code is made out of Japanese sushi recipes"; this has been debunked by several people including some well known Japanese influencers.
The effect resembles that of older generation green screen displays of monochrome phosphorescent computer monitors. One predecessor of the digital rain exists in a "code-scene" of the movie Meteo, a Hungarian experimental-pop culture movie from 1990. The 1995 cyberpunk film Ghost in the Shell, a strong influence on The Matrix, features opening credits similar to the digital rain.
No official version of the code's typeface actually used in the Matrix trilogy and in the website for the game Path of Neo has been released. Several imitations have been made, mostly in the form of screensavers.

## Cultural impact

Dutch musician Arjen Anthony Lucassen named a track "Digital Rain", in honour of the movie, on his 2010 album Victims of the Modern Age by his band Star One.
The effect also inspired the creation of many unofficial Matrix screensavers, including the "GL Matrix" mode in XScreenSaver, and in the cmatrix program for Unix-like systems.
# Trichosanthes dioica

Trichosanthes dioica, also known as pointed gourd, is a tropical perennial cucurbit plant with its origin in the Indian subcontinent. The plant propagated vegetatively and grows with training on a support system (e.g., trellis) as pencil-thick vines (creepers) with dark-green cordate (heart-shaped) simple leaves. It is a well-developed dioecious plants having distinct male and female flowers on staminate and pistillate plants, respectively. The fruits are green with white or no stripes' and have unpalatable seeds. Size can vary from small and round to thick and long – 5–15 centimetres (2–6 inches). It thrives well under a hot to moderately warm and humid climate. The plant remains dormant during the winter season and prefers fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil due to its susceptibility to water-logging.

## India

It is widely cultivated in the eastern and some northern parts of India, particularly in Northeastern Andhra, Odisha, Bengal, Assam, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. It is used as an ingredient for soup, stew, curry, sweet, or eaten fried and as potoler dorma or dolma with fish, roe or meat stuffing. It is called parwal in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) (परवल / پرول).

## Bangladesh

Pointed gourd is locally known as পটল (patol). It is a vital summer vegetable in Bangladesh. It is cultivated and consumed in almost every district of the country. It is a perennial crop and sold at the end of October when there is a shortage of other alternative vegetables.

## Nutrients

Most parts of T. dioica are used in local traditional medicine. The fruit constituents are minerals (Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Copper, and Sulphur), vitamins, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, pentacyclic triterpenes, and other bioactive compounds have proven that the pointed gourd promising.
Pointed gourd is a good source of vitamins and minerals. It is a good source of carbohydrates, vitamin A, and vitamin C. It also contains major nutrients and trace elements (magnesium, potassium, copper, sulfur, and chlorine) which are needed in small quantities, for playing essential roles in human physiology. 9.0 mg Mg, 2.6 mg Na, 83.0 mg K, 1.1 mg Cu and 17 mg S per 100 g edible part.

## In human culture

The fifteenth-century Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1.61–65 recommends Parwal as one of the foods suitable for yogins.

## Gallery

* Longitudinal section of Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica)
* Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) matured seeds
* Cooked stuffed fruit
* Pointed gourds (known as "potol") from Bangladesh
# Alfons Amade

Alfons Antonio Chico Amade (born 12 November 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Septemvri Sofia. Born in Germany, he represents the Mozambique national team.

## Club career

Amade made his professional debut for TSG Hoffenheim in the Bundesliga on 2 March 2019, coming on as a substitute in the 82nd minute for Nadiem Amiri in the match against Eintracht Frankfurt, which finished as a 2–3 away loss.

## International career

Born in Germany, Amade is of Mozambican descent. He is a former youth international for Germany.
In December 2023, Amade was called up by the Mozambique national team for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations.

### International goal

    Scores and results list Mozambique's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Amade goal.
List of international goals scored by Alfons Amade :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 8 January 2024 | Johannesburg Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa | Botswana | 1–1 | 1–1 | Friendly |
| 2 | 7 June 2024 | Estádio do Zimpeto, Maputo, Mozambique | Somalia | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |
# Pavón, Santa Fe

Pavón is a town in the Constitución Department, in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It lies 303 km (188 mi) from the provincial capital, and 43 km (27 mi) from the city of Rosario, near the Rosario-Buenos Aires Highway.

## Schools

* "Unidad Nacional", 222 pupils
* Center for Adult learning 223 ("Centro Alfabetizador 223"), 17 pupils

## Sports

* Club Atlético Benjamín Matienzo
* Club Atlético Pavón
* Club Alumni
# Łotów

Łotów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Werbkowice, within Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Werbkowice, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Hrubieszów, and 96 km (60 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Pilot deviation

Pilot deviations are actions of a pilot that result in the violation of an air traffic regulation, often a failure to follow instructions from air traffic control.

## Types

Pilot deviations can be split into ground- and airborne deviations.
* Examples of airborne deviations are when a pilot strays from an assigned altitude or heading, or if they penetrate controlled airspace or restricted airspace without clearance.
* Examples of groundbased deviations are taking off or landing without clearance, failing to hold short of a runway or deviating from an assigned taxi route.

## Pilot deviation notification

A Brasher warning is a warning issued to pilots after a potential deviation by the latter occurs. It was named after captain Jack Brasher, a former Republic Airlines pilot who was accused of deviating from an assigned altitude in 1985. The FAA refers to this as the "Brasher Notification" or Pilot Deviation Notification.
# Callatis High School

Callatis High School (Romanian: Liceul Teoretic "Callatis") is a high school located at 42 Rozelor Street, Mangalia, Romania.

## History

The school was founded in 1959 under the name Mixed Middle School, with grades from the 9th to the 12th. In 1965, its name was changed to the Theoretical High School with grades 1 to 12. Although in 1977, when the communist regime favoured technical education and the school was transformed into The Industrial High School No. 2, the theoretical education never stopped in Mangalia as there were classes with this profile functioning in the new high school.
In 1990, there was the opportunity for The Industrial High School No. 2 to get back its name and structure. Still, the Teachers’ Council decided to transform it into an economic school due to the tourist potential of the town. The same year, at the urging of the School General Inspector, Gheorghe Andrei and the Minister of National Education, the Government approved the reopening of the Theoretical High School. The High school functioned for eight years in a dormitory of the Ion Bănescu Industrial High School, and in 1998, a new building became the headquarters at 36 Rozelor Street.
At the same time the school changed its name into Callatis Theoretical High School, and the inauguration took place in the presence of Andrei Marga, Minister of National Education, the General Inspector from Constanța County Inspectorate, Gheorghe Andrei and other personalities of the time. The construction of the school was completed in 2000 (the new wing), and the construction of the gymnasium in 2004.
Until 1998, there were only high school classes, sciences and humanities profiles. Starting with 1999, primary classes were introduced, and starting with 2000 secondary classes, too, two for each grade level.

## Events

Callatis Theoretical High School has had the honour of hosting important events including:
* National Olympiad of Social and Human Sciences – 2005
* The Balkan Conference of Mathematical Sciences – 2007
* The National Mathematics Olympiad – 2009
* The Conference of the National Federation of the Parents’ Association – Pre-university Education – 2009
43°49′28″N 28°35′03″E﻿ / ﻿43.82438°N 28.58429°E﻿ / 43.82438; 28.58429
# Quarrie

Quarrie is the surname of the following people:
* Bruce Quarrie (1947–2004), English writer
* Dave Quarrie, English wheelchair curler
* Don Quarrie (born 1951), Jamaican sprinter
* George Quarrie (c. 1846–1926), Manx poet
* Kate Quarrie, Canadian politician
# Abd Al-Rahman al-Zayla'i

Al-Zaylaʽi (ʽAbd al-Raḥman bin Aḥmad al-Zaylaʽi عبد الرحمن بن أحمد الزيلعي) (1820–1882) was a Somali scholar who played a crucial role in the spread of the Qadiriyyah Sufi order in Somalia and East Africa.
Born in the rural village of Kodle in the Bakool region northwest of Mogadishu, he studied elementary ilm under the supervision of the local Ulema, He later moved to Mogadishu, studying under Sheikh Isma'il b. Umar al-Maqdishi.
Al-Zayla'i traveled to various Islamic centers in the Horn of Africa. Upon returning to his home village, he established a community of pupils near Qolonqol, setting out to spread the Qadiriyyah order throughout the upper Shebelle region. This enhanced his reputation and also helped the order gain considerable success amongst the region's pastoralists, the religious elite, and the villagers of the interior.
# Ługów, Lublin Voivodeship

Ługów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastków, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Jastków and 17 km (11 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels

Magdalena Sibylle, Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (2 September 1648 – 7 January 1681) was a German noblewoman.
She was a daughter of August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, and Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her paternal grandparents were John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia.
On 14 November 1669, she married Duke Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. They had eight children:
* Anna Sophie (b. Gotha, 22 December 1670 – d. Rudolstadt, 28 December 1728), married on 15 October 1691 to Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
* Magdalene Sibylle (b. Gotha, 30 September 1671 – d. Altenburg, 2 March 1673).
* Dorothea Marie (b. Gotha, 22 January 1674 – d. Meiningen, 18 April 1713), married on 19 September 1704 to Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.
* Fredericka (b. Gotha, 24 March 1675 – d. Karlsbad, 28 May 1709), married on 25 May 1702 to Johann August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.
* Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 28 July 1676 – d. Altenburg, 23 March 1732).
* Johann Wilhelm (b. Gotha, 4 October 1677 – killed in battle, Toulon, 15 August 1707), General Imperial.
* Elisabeth (b. Gotha, 7 February 1679 – d. of smallpox, Gotha, 22 June 1680).
* Johanna (b. Gotha, 1 October 1680 – d. Strelitz, 9 July 1704), married on 20 June 1702 to Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels House of Saxe-WeissenfelsCadet branch of the House of WettinBorn: 2 September 1648 Died: January 1681 :
| German royalty |||
| Preceded byElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg as Duchess of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg | Duchess consort of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 26 March 1675 – 7 January 1681 | VacantTitle next held byChristine of Baden-Durlach |
# Gunther Kaschlun

Gunther Kaschlun (9 February 1935 – 20 July 2020) was a West German rower who represented the United Team of Germany. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with the men's coxless four where they were eliminated in the semi-final.
He died in July 2020 at the age of 85.