OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Borho

Walter Borho (born 1945) is a German mathematician, who works on algebra and number theory. He is retired as a University Professor at the University of Wuppertal.

## Early life and education

Borho was born in 1945 in Hamburg. He received his PhD in 1973 from the University of Hamburg under the direction of Ernst Witt with a thesis titled Wesentliche ganze Erweiterungen kommutativer Ringe.

## Awards and honors

In 1986 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berkeley, California.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Borho, Walter; Gabriel, Peter; Rentschler, Rudolf (1973). Primideale in Einhüllenden auflösbarer Lie-Algebren (Beschreibung durch Bahnenräume). Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 357. Berlin-New York: Springer-Verlag. MR 0376790. Zbl 0293.17005.
* Borho, Walter; Zagier, Don; Rohlfs, Jürgen; Kraft, Hanspeter; Jantzen, Jens Carsten (1981). Lebendige Zahlen. Fünf Exkursionen [Living Numbers. Five Excursions]. Mathematische Miniaturen. Birkhäuser. Zbl 0539.10001. Translated into Russian by Mir, 1985, Zbl 0669.10001.
* Bongartz, K.; Borho, W.; Mertens, D.; Stein, A. (1988). Farbige Parkette. Mathematische Theorie und Ausführung mit dem Computer. Vier Aufsätze zur ebenen Kristallographie [Coloured tesselations. Mathematical theory and realization with the computer. Four essays on plane crystallography]. Birkhäuser. ISBN 3-7643-2223-3. Zbl 0648.20052.
* Borho, W.; Brylinski, J.-L.; MacPherson, R. (1989). Nilpotent orbits, primitive ideals, and characteristic classes: A geometric perspective in ring theory. Progress in Mathematics. Vol. 78. Birkhäuser. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4558-2. ISBN 0-8176-3473-8. MR 1034480. Zbl 0697.17006.

### Research articles

* Borho, Walter (1972). "On Thabit ibn Kurrah's formula for amicable numbers". Mathematics of Computation. 26: 571–578. doi:10.2307/2005185. JSTOR 2005185. MR 0313177. Zbl 0237.10012.
* Borho, Walter; Kraft, Hanspeter (1976). "Über die Gelfand-Kirillov-Dimension" [On the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension]. Mathematische Annalen. 220 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1007/BF01354525. MR 0412240. Zbl 0306.17005.
* Borho, Walter; Kraft, Hanspeter (1979). "Über Bahnen und deren Deformationen bei linearen Aktionen reduktiver Gruppen". Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici. 54 (1): 61–104. doi:10.1007/BF02566256. MR 0522032. Zbl 0395.14013.
* Borho, Walter; Brylinski, Jean-Luc (1982). "Differential operators on homogeneous spaces. I. Irreducibility of the associated variety for annihilators of induced modules". Inventiones Mathematicae. 69 (3): 437–476. doi:10.1007/BF01389364. MR 0679767. Zbl 0504.22015.
* Borho, W.; Brylinski, J.-L. (1985). "Differential operators on homogeneous spaces. III. Characteristic varieties of Harish-Chandra modules and of primitive ideals". Inventiones Mathematicae. 80 (1): 1–68. doi:10.1007/BF01388547. MR 0784528. Zbl 0577.22014.
# Kalmar Glasäpple

Kalmar Glasäpple, (meaning glossy apple from Kalmar; probably the same as Gelbe Spanische Renette) is an apple, the provenance of which has been disputed. This apple species has been grown in Sweden since the 18th century. The blossoming is late. Any apple variety flowering at the same time as Kalmar Glasäpple is good for fertilization. The body is light yellow, and the taste is a mix of acidity and sweetness. Harvesting may begin in early October and it is typically fully ripe in early December. The apples should remain good for one to two months. Kalmar Glasäpple is suitable for eating as is, as well as for cooking.
# Urophysa

Urophysa is a genus of perennial flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to China.

## Description

Urophysa are perennial herbaceous plants with robust, more or less woody rhizomes. The basal leaves have three leaflets with long stalks which have a sheath at the base. The plants usually produce several scapes. The inflorescences form umbels with 1–3 flowers, each with five blue (or sometimes pinkish-white in U. henryi) sepals and five petals. The petals have either a small sac or a short, hooked nectar spur at the base. The flowers have smooth stamens, ellipsoid anthers, and around seven staminodes. The seeds are densely wrinkled.

## Taxonomy
### Taxonomical history

The genus Urophysa was named by the German botanist Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich in 1929. Ulbrich reclassified the plant previously named Semiaquilegia henryi and Isopyrum henryi as Urophysa henryi in this new genus, and also described another species, U. rockii, in the same paper.

### Etymology

The genus name urophysa is derived from Greek οὐρά "tail" and φῦσα "bladder, swelling, inflated, bellows", referring to the small sacs (or short nectar spurs in the case of U. rockii) at the base of the petals.

### Subdivision

Urophysa comprises two accepted species:
* Urophysa henryi (Oliv.) Ulbr.
* Urophysa rockii Ulbr.

## Distribution and habitat

Urophysa is endemic to southern China. Both species occur in Sichuan, while U. henryi is also native to Guizhou, western Hubei and northwestern Hunan provinces.

## Conservation

As of January 2025, neither species has been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

## Ecology

Both species of Urophysa flower from March to April.
# Tartarus murdochensis

Tartarus murdochensis is a cave spider from Western Australia, in the family Stiphidiidae. The spider was first described in 1992 by Mike Gray.

## Name

The species epithet, murdochensis, refers to it being found in the Murdoch Sink, a submerged cave system in the Nullarbor Plain of Western and Southern Australia.

## Conservation status

In Western Australia, the species is listed as vulnerable.
# Rubens (footballer, born 1941)

Jorge Rubens Caetano (19 June 1941 – 5 December 2016) was a Brazilian footballer who played as a defender.
Rubens was part of the Brazil national team that competed in the 1959 Pan American Games and 1960 Summer Olympics.
He died on 5 December 2016, at the age of 75.
# 2011 African Cross Country Championships

The 1st African Cross Country Championships was an international cross country running competition for African athletes which was held on 6 March 2011 in Cape Town, South Africa. Organised by the Confederation of African Athletics, it marked the start of a new continental competition for Africa following the decision by the IAAF to alter the scheduling of the World Cross Country Championships from every year to a biennial format.
The event consisted of four race categories, featuring senior and junior races for men and women. The Kenyan athletes took a complete sweep of the competition, winning all the individual medals and the four team titles. Mercy Cherono, a former World Junior Champion, took the women's senior title while the less well-known John Mwangangi won the men's senior race. Japhet Korir and Caroline Chepkoech won the men's and women's junior gold medals, respectively. Sigosi Chesonane, representing the host nation, was the only non-Kenyan to reach the top five in an event, finishing fifth in the men's senior race.
Although Kenya dominated the competition, none of its runners at the African event ran at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships two weeks later. Athletics Kenya sent the best performers at that year's Kenya Cross Country Championships to the world event, while those ranking seventh to tenth in the national race were sent to the event in Cape Town. The continent's second foremost nation in cross country, Ethiopia, did not send any athletes to the competition.
The Kenyan team's jubilant celebrations led to the entire squad of 30 runners and officials missing their flight for Nairobi, scheduled later that day at Cape Town International Airport.

## Medallists
### Individual

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Senior men's 12 km | John Mwangangi (KEN) | 35:31 min | Stephen Kiprotich (UGA) | 35:34 min | Henry Chirchir (KEN) | 35:35 min |
| Senior women's 8 km | Mercy Cherono (KEN) | 27:13 min | Viola Kibiwot (KEN) | 27:14 min | Doris Changeywo (KEN) | 27:22 min |
| Junior men's 8 km | Japhet Korir (KEN) | 23:03 min | Patrick Muaka (KEN) | 23:04 min | Nicholas Togom (KEN) | 23:18 min |
| Junior women's 6 km | Caroline Chepkoech (KEN) | 19:59 min | Mary Mananu (KEN) | 20:00 min | Zipporah Wanjiru (KEN) | 20:05 min |

## Participation

* Angola
* Botswana
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Nigeria
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
# Chi1 Fornacis

Chi$^1$ Fornacis, Latinised from χ$^1$ Fornacis is a solitary white-hued star located in the southern constellation Fornax. It is barely visible to the naked eye with an apparent magnitude of 6.39, which is near the limit for naked eye visibility. Gaia DR3 parallax measurements imply a distance of 339 light-years and it is currently drifting away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 19.0 km/s. At its current distance, Chi$^1$ Fornacis' brightness is diminshed by an interstellar extinction of 0.08 magnitudes and it has an absolute magnitude of +1.42.
Chi$^1$ Fornacis has a stellar classification of A1 IV, indicating that it is a slightly evolved A-type star that is ceasing hydrogen fusion at its core. Alternatively, it has been given a class of A1 Vbn, indicating that it is instead a slightly less luminous A-type main-sequence star with broad or nebulous absorption lines due to rapid rotation. It has 2.05 times the mass of the Sun and 2.20 times the radius of the Sun. It radiates 31.24 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,870 K. Chi$^1$ Fornacis has a solar metallicity and it is estimated to be only 5.5 million years old. It spins rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 136 km/s.
It is the brightest star and titular member in the χ$^1$ Fornacis cluster, a star cluster around 104 parsecs from Earth.

## χ$^1$ Fornacis cluster

The χ$^1$ Fornacis cluster, or Alessi 13, is one of the four star clusters known within 110 parsecs from Earth. Despite its closeness, the χ$^1$ Fornacis cluster has barely been studied. Its age is 40 million years and its distance is 104 parsecs. The χ$^1$ Fornacis cluster appears to be closely related to the Tucana–Horologium and Columba associations. A remarkable, unprecedented aspect of the cluster is the large percentage of M-type stars with warm excess infrared emission due to orbiting dust grains.
# Charang, Khangalassky District, Sakha Republic

Charang (Russian: Чаранг; Yakut: Чараҥ, Çaraŋ) is a rural locality (a selo), one of two settlements, in addition to Bestyakh, in Bestyakhsky Rural Okrug of Khangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 49 kilometers (30 mi) from Pokrovsk, the administrative center of the district and 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) from Bestyakh. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 83.
# 1972 Language violence in Sindh

1972 Language violence in Sindh occurred starting on 7 July 1972 when the Sindh Assembly passed The Sindhi Teaching, Promotion and Use of Sindhi Language Bill, 1972 which established Sindhi language as the sole official language of the province resulting in language violence in Sindh.
The proclamation of Sindhi as the official language of Sindh caused the Daily Jang, an Urdu language newspaper in Karachi, to publish a full-page story on their front page surrounded by a banner with the statement "Urdu ka janaza hai zara dhoom sey niklay" (It is the funeral of Urdu thus should be a flaunting one) by Rais Amrohvi.

## Violence

Violent clashes erupted in Karachi and other towns in Sindh Province, Pakistan, resulting in the deaths of at least 19 people on the third day of protests over the choice of Sindhi as the official provincial language. The demonstrations were triggered by a bill passing Sindhi as the official language instead of Urdu, spoken by half of Karachi's Muhajir population. The army was brought in to enforce a 24-hour curfew. In total, 47 people were killed in the unrest. Then President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto planned to meet with both language proponents to find a resolution.

## Aftermath

In 1972, when the PPP-led Sindh government declared Sindhi as the province's official language, groups of Muhajir students formed the Muttahida Tulaba Mahaz Karachi (MTMK). The movement started by organizing a protest-movement by changing the number plates of motor vehicles into Urdu alphabets and numerals and had vandalized English signboards. Riots later broke out between the Sindh police and the MTMK in Karachi and between Sindhi and Muhajir youth elsewhere in urban Sindh.
# John Fitzmaurice (writer)

John Fitzmaurice (18 November 1947 in Copenhagen - August 2003 in Brussels), was an administrator, academic and writer. He was an author of numerous books and articles on politics, concentrating on party politics and elections. He was an official of the European Commission and a lecturer at the Université libre de Bruxelles.
Fizmaurice was educated at Shaftesbury Grammar School and the University of Bristol. He obtained a Certificate of Education at Oxford People College.
His political career began when he contested Yeovil in 1987. He went on to contest North Dorset in 1992 and 1997. Fitzmaurice became secretary of the Brussels Labour Party and the vice-chair of Brussels Co-operative Party. He went on to work as an administrator for the European Commission, Brussels, in the Department for Liaison with the European Parliament. While in that post he travelled extensively, mainly to carry out research for his next publications.
After he died unexpectedly, a commemoration service was held on 12 November 2003 in the Brussels Van Maerlant Chapel. Among others, Neil Kinnock, vice-president of the European Commission from 1995 until 2004, and Julian Priestley from the European Parliament, spoke during this service.
In memory of John Fitzmaurice, an annual lecture around the themes of democracy, socialism and Europe, is held in Brussels. At the 2007 lecture, Geoff Hoon dedicated his speech to Fitzmaurice. He said:
   ...it is also a particular honour to give the Brussels Labour Annual Lecture in memory of our colleague and friend, John Fitzmaurice. I knew John during my time in the European Parliament. He then went on to work for the Commission Secretariat General focusing on the relationship between the Commission and the Parliament until his sad death in 2003. John was passionate about European politics and in particular the European Parliament throughout his life and career. I hope that it is something that I have in common with him.

## Works

* Party Groups in the European Parliament (1975, Ashgate);
* The European Parliament (1978, Dartmouth);
* The European Parliament (1979, Penguin special, with Robert Jackson);
* Politics in Denmark (1981, Hurst);
* Politics in Belgium (1983, Hurst);
* Québec and Canada: past, present and future (1985, Hurst);
* Security and Politics in the Nordic Area (1987, Avebury);
* Austrian Politics and Society Today (1991, Macmillan);
* The Baltic: A Regional Future? (1992, Macmillan);
* The Politics of Belgium, A Unique Federalism (1996, Westview Press);
* Damming the Danube: Gabcikovo and Post-Communist Politics in Europe (1996, Westview Press)
* Politics and Government in the Visegrad Countries (1998, Macmillan)
# Alfredo Arias

Alfredo Carlos Arias Sánchez (born 28 November 1958 in Shangrilá) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of Colombian club Deportivo Cali.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 10 March 2025
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Montevideo Wanderers | | 1 January 2012 | 13 June 2015 | 118 | 49 | 26 | 43 | 182 | 156 | +26 | 041.53 |
| Santiago Wanderers | | 1 January 2016 | 31 May 2016 | 20 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 33 | 28 | +5 | 035.00 |
| Emelec | | 1 June 2016 | 20 May 2018 | 107 | 57 | 22 | 28 | 173 | 109 | +64 | 053.27 |
| Bolívar | | 18 June 2016 | 31 December 2018 | 28 | 15 | 2 | 11 | 73 | 51 | +22 | 053.57 |
| Universidad de Chile | | 14 March 2019 | 4 August 2019 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 22 | 24 | −2 | 025.00 |
| Montevideo Wanderers | | 2 September 2019 | 31 December 2019 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 19 | 18 | +1 | 033.33 |
| Deportivo Cali | | 1 January 2020 | 6 September 2021 | 62 | 23 | 25 | 14 | 79 | 74 | +5 | 037.10 |
| Santa Fe | | 19 May 2022 | 30 November 2022 | 26 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 33 | 35 | −2 | 046.15 |
| Peñarol | | 1 January 2023 | 18 June 2023 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 35 | 33 | +2 | 047.83 |
| Independiente Medellín | | 4 July 2023 | 4 August 2024 | 65 | 31 | 19 | 15 | 94 | 75 | +19 | 047.69 |
| Deportivo Cali | | 1 January 2025 | present | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 | 037.50 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 488 | 217 | 129 | 142 | 751 | 607 | +144 | 044.47 |
# James Beresford (baseball)

James Richard Beresford (born 19 January 1989) is an Australian former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) in 2016 for the Minnesota Twins.

## Career

Beresford played with the Waverly Baseball Club where he was named as club MVP before being signed with the Twins organization in 2005 at age 16. He debuted for the Victoria Aces in Claxton Shield 2006 replacing Justin Huber after he withdrew. Due to a torn labrum, he missed the 2006 minor league season. In the 2007 Claxton Shield, he averaged .304 for Australian Provincial. He returned to the US in 2007 making his debut and hitting a .288/.349/.302 clip as the starting shortstop for the GCL Twins. He played again in Claxton Shield 2008 and went 2 for 7. In the 2008 minor league season, he batted a .246/.345/.285 clip for the Elizabethton Twins. In 2009, he was named in the final Australia national baseball team for the 2009 World Baseball Classic in March, and was again selected for the 2009 Baseball World Cup in September.
In 2009, he was named Beloit Snappers player of the year.
In 2011, he hit for a .270 average in 485 at bats for the Fort Myers Miracle following a switch to second. He elected free agency on 6 November 2015.
On 8 December 2015, Beresford re–signed with the Twins on a minor league contract. On 6 September 2016, Beresford was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time. In 10 games during his rookie campaign, he batted .227/.261/.273 with one walk. On 17 October, Beresford was removed from the 40–man roster and sent outright to the Triple–A Rochester Red Wings. He elected free agency following the season on 7 November.
The last professional appearance for Beresford was with the Melbourne Aces 29 January 2017. He played 54 games and hit .307 in the Australian Baseball League between 2011 and 2017.

## Personal

His older brother, Simon Beresford, played minor league baseball for the Milwaukee Brewers organization.
# Walthamstow Studios

Walthamstow Studios was a British film studio located in Walthamstow, London which operated between 1914 and 1930. Two earlier studios had previously existed in Walthamstow. It was the base of Broadwest films for a number of years, which also used Catford Studios as an overflow facility. It was later owned by British Filmcraft. After the bankruptcy the studios were sold off for non-film use.

## Selected films

* The Merchant of Venice (1916)
* The Case of Lady Camber (1920)
* Christie Johnstone (1921)
* The Burgomaster of Stilemonde (1929)
# New England Center for Circus Arts

The New England Center for Circus Arts (NECCA) is a non-profit circus school based in Brattleboro, Vermont. NECCA is the premiere circus training school in the US offering a world class professional program for aspiring performers, along with workshops and recreational classes for youth and adult students of all ages, levels, and abilities.
Founded in 2007 and originally in the Old Cotton Mill, in Brattleboro, the school moved into a new custom-built facility at 10 Town Crier Dr in 2017, which includes an 8,600 square foot Trapezium. The new facility required a 2.5 million dollar capital campaign, and was designed by Turner Brooks Architects. The school had been growing continuously since its inception in 2007. The school was founded by identical twin aerialists Serenity Smith Forchion and Elsie Smith, who's personal performing company is Nimble Arts.
In 2025 the school had 50+ employees, the longest running professional circus arts training program in the United States, and is considered the premiere training center in the country.
https://necenterforcircusarts.org/about-necca/#history
# Fazilnagar

Fazilnagar (also known as Pawanagar) is a community development block in the Kushinagar district of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is located along NH 28, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Kushinagar International Airport. It is 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Deoria and 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Gorakhpur Airport.

## History

At the time of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha, this place was known as Pāvā As such, it was the capital city of one of the two Malla republics of ancient India (the capital of the other Malla republic was located at Kushinagar).
According to the Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (Sutta 16 of the Dīgha Nikāya), Gautama Buddha visited this place during his final journey, as he traveled from Kesaputta (the capital of the Kālāma tribe) to Kushinagar. It was here, at Cunda's mango grove, where the Buddha ate what would be his last meal.

## Location

NH 27 passes through Fazilnagar. It serves as a central market for the surrounding villages.

## Language

Bhojpuri is the local language of the region.
# Balsamia oregonensis

Balsamia oregonensis is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Helvellaceae. It is commonly found in Oregon, which it is named for.

## Description

Balsamia oregonensis is reddish-yellow in color and between 1 and 2.5 cm (0.39 and 0.98 in) in diameter. Its exterior appears lumpy and rounded in nature with less distinct warts then other truffles. The exterior folds into itself at a singular point, and the entirety of the exterior is covered in coarse hyphae. The interior of B. oregonensis is translucent white and appears marbled. The interior has central channels which do not appear translucent and somewhat mimics the exterior in shape/form, not unlike the human brain, these channels penetrate the gleba in multiple places.

## Reproduction

Balsamia oregonensis releases its fungal spores seasonally in the spring and into early summertime.

## Consumption
### By humans

Balsamia oregonensis is an edible species of truffle and is described as having a pleasant taste. While edible, B. oregonensis is not often found in large enough quantities to be considered a regular delicacy even where it is most prevalent.

### By animals

There is evidence that B. oregonensis is seasonally consumed by other animals, such as chipmunks, within its ecosystem.

## History

Balsamia oregonensis was first described by Helen Gilkey in 1925, who named it in honor of Professor H. P. Barss who first collected B. oregonensis in Oregon. This was then published in the Journal Mycologia, from the Mycological Society of America in December of 1925 Vol. 17 No. 6.

## Ecological associations

Balsamia oregonensis is commonly found alongside Douglas Fir trees which are considered its primary host. This association is useful in truffling and the best way to locate B. oregonensis in the wild.

## Location

As its name suggests, Balsamia oregonensis is primarily found in Oregon, United States, although it is not exclusive to the area. Other areas within the United States where B. oregonensis can be found includes the Great plains region.
B. oregonensis has reportedly also been found in the Polish Tatra Mountains.