OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natural Environment Research Council

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is a British research council that supports research, training and knowledge transfer activities in the environmental sciences.

## History

NERC began in 1965 when several environmental (mainly geographic) research organisations (including Nature Conservancy which became the Nature Conservancy Council in 1973 and was divided up in 1991) were brought under the one umbrella organisation. When most research councils were re-organised in 1994, it had new responsibilities – Earth observation and science-developed archaeology. Collaboration between research councils increased in 2002 when Research Councils UK was formed.

### Chief executives

* Sir Graham Sutton (1965–1970)
* Professor James William Longman Beament (succeeding V. C. Wynne-Edwards FRS; 1978–1981)
* Professor John Krebs, Baron Krebs (1994–1999)
* Sir John Lawton (1999–2005)
* Professor Alan Thorpe (2005–2011)
* Dr Steven Wilson (Acting; 2011–2012)
* Professor Duncan Wingham (2012–2024)
* Professor Louise Heathwaite (March 2024–Present)

## Organisational structure

The council's head office is at Polaris House in Swindon, alongside the other six Research Councils. NERC's research centres provide leadership to the UK environmental science community and play significant and influential roles in international science collaborations.
* Organisation
* British Antarctic Survey
* British Geological Survey
* National Centre for Atmospheric Science
* National Centre for Earth Observation
* National Oceanography Centre (1996–2019)
* Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (1994–2019)
It also supports a number of collaborative centres of excellence and subject-based designated Environmental Data Centres for the storage and distribution of environmental data.

## Mission

The Natural Environment Research Council delivers independent research, survey, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences, to advance knowledge of planet Earth as a complex, interacting system. The council's work covers the full range of atmospheric, Earth, biological, terrestrial and aquatic sciences, from the deep oceans to the upper atmosphere, and from the geographical poles to the equator.
NERC's mission is to gather and apply knowledge, create understanding and predict the behaviour of the natural environment and its resources, and communicate all aspects of the council's work. The British Meteorological Office is not part of NERC.

## NERC Airborne Research Facility

The NERC Airborne Research Facility (ARF) collects and processes remotely sensed data for use by the scientific community. Data are collected from one of four Twin Otter research aircraft (or a Dash 7) operated by British Antarctic Survey, processed by a data analysis team at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory and archived at the National Earth Observation Data Centre (NEODC). Currently the NERC ARF provides radiometrically corrected hyperspectral data from the AISA Fenix and Owl instruments; ground height information from the Leica ALS50-II; and digital photography.
# Dieudonné Banze

Major General Dieudonné Banze Lubundji is a Congolese general who has served as the commander of the Republican Guard and, since 2014, the chief of staff of the Land Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
In 2017 he established a command post in Kananga to oversee the FARDC operations against the rebels in the Kamwina Nsapu rebellion.
# BinTube

BinTube is a binary Usenet client for the Microsoft Windows operating system.

## Features

BinTube streams video, audio and images directly from Usenet. Other features include SSL connections, automatic repair of downloaded data and OpenSearch search giving it the capability to find content on most web based Usenet search engines.
# FK Jaroměř

FK Jaroměř is a Czech football club located in Jaroměř.

## Stadium

FK Jaroměř plays at V Růžovce stadium with a seating capacity of 200.
# Marco Túlio (footballer, born May 1998)

Marco Túlio de Paula Medeiros (born 31 May 1998), known as Marco Túlio, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left-back.

## Club career

Túlio started his career with Atlético Mineiro and after a spell with German side TuS Bövinghausen, he moved to the Czech Republic to first join Czech National Football League side Vlašim before joining Czech First League side Mladá Boleslav in January 2019. In February 2021, Túlio joined Ekstraklasa side Podbeskidzie on a deal until the end of the season. In August 2021, he returned to Czech football to join Karviná. In January 2023, Túlio joined Tercera Federación side Salamanca on a free transfer.
# Lemuel Cook

Lemuel Cook (September 10, 1759 – May 20, 1866) was one of the last verifiable surviving veterans of the American Revolutionary War.

## Early life and education

Cook was born on September 10, 1759, in Litchfield County, Connecticut, to Henry Cook and his wife Hannah Benham.

## Military service

Cook enlisted in the Continental Army in 1775 at the age of 16. He was assigned to the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons, and by his death he was the last surviving member. He fought at Brandywine and in the Virginian campaign, and was wounded several times. He was present at Charles Cornwallis' surrender in October 1781. He received an honorable discharge signed by George Washington on June 12, 1784.

## Later life and death

Following the war, Cook became a farmer and married Hannah Curtis. They had seven sons and three daughters.
He was an active Mason and Democrat since the party’s establishment in 1828. His church was Congregational. He lived in Plymouth, Connecticut (then Northbury) until 1790, when he moved to Clinton, New York. In 1795 he returned to Plymouth, then moved to Pompey, New York in 1805. He moved to North Bergen, New York in 1821 and finally to Clarendon, New York in 1832.
Lemuel was one of the oldest and among the last living pensioners of the American Revolution. He died May 20, 1866, at the age of 106, having lived to see the start and the end of the American Civil War. He was buried with full military and Masonic honors. At the time of his death, only three other revolutionary veterans (Samuel Downing, Daniel F. Bakeman and John Gray) were still alive.

## Photography

He was one of seven American Revolutionary War veterans who, having survived into the age of photography, were featured in the 1864 book The Last Men of the Revolution, which gives many details of his life.
# Neith Nevelson

Neith Nevelson (born July 16, 1946) is an American artist best known for paintings of horses, female nudes, and male faces.

## Background

Nevelson's grandmother was the sculptor Louise Nevelson. Her father, Mike Nevelson (1922–2019), was a sculptor, and her mother, Susan Nevelson (1924–2015), was an artist and textile designer.
Nevelson grew up in Florence, Italy, and began painting at the age of two. She spent her childhood in Florence and New York City, and as a teenager moved to New York, to live at her grandmother's studio.
Since 1977, she has lived in Coconut Grove in southern Florida.
Nevelson studied briefly at the Accademia di Belle Arti, in Florence, Italy. As a student she concentrated on subjects she eventually became known for rather than the standard curriculum of still life drawings and landscapes, and was eventually expelled. Her first exhibition was in 1974 at the Galleria Nuova in Florence. Her last was in 1994; the catalog and exhibition were titled "Neith Nevelson: In the Middle of the Night", by Wendy Blazier. She was influenced by cubism, surrealism, and expressionism. Some art critics have labeled Nevelson as “Outsider” artist.
Nevelson's early work, which she has continued to experiment and embellish on to the present day, take the form of line drawings. Her style developed into complex paintings based on the gestural fluidity of drawing, underscored by her larger art-works which tend to combine elements of all her three major themes. As described in "Neith Nevelson: In the Middle of the Night", Neith's paintings are visions from her imagination, and explore the figurative, symbolic and narrative. As described by the Miami Herald's lackluster review of the same 1994 exhibition, the form of her art reflects the conflicts and contradictions of her life, living in the world of her famous grandmother and the New York art world of the 1960s, hardship and isolation from family, and remembering and longing for childhood.
She is the illustrator of a forthcoming book of poems tentatively titled, "Day's Night" by Jorge Reyes.
Outside of her artistic endeavors, Nevelson is notable for political involvement in the area of abortion advocacy, for which she was jailed in Florence, Italy, in 1977, along with a group of advocates from the Radical Party, a left-wing activist group still active in Europe.
In 2009, Neith's life was the basis of the TV show Caso Cerrado, with Ana María Polo, broadcast daily in the US by the Telemundo Network.
# I Was Sold Dirt Cheap, But My Power Level Is Off the Charts

I Was Sold Dirt Cheap, But My Power Level Is Off the Charts (Japanese: クラス最安値で売られた俺は、実は最強パラメーター, Hepburn: Kurasu Saiyasune de Urareta Ore wa, Jitsu wa Saikyō Paramētā) is a Japanese light novel series written by Ryoma. The series originated on the Kakuyomu website in May 2020, before being published in print with illustrations by Susumu Kuroi by ASCII Media Works beginning in January 2021. A manga adaptation, illustrated by Cambria Bakuhatsu Tarou, began serialization on the Young Ace Up website in April 2021.

## Media
### Light novel

Written by Ryoma, the series began publication on the novel posting website Kakuyomu on May 7, 2020. The series was later acquired by ASCII Media Works, who began publishing the series in print with illustrations by Susumu Kuroi on January 16, 2021. As of August 2022, four volumes have been released.

#### Volumes

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | January 16, 2021 | 978-4-04-913535-0 |
| 2 | May 17, 2021 | 978-4-04-913825-2 |
| 3 | October 15, 2021 | 978-4-04-914048-4 |
| 4 | August 17, 2022 | 978-4-04-914442-0 |

### Manga

A manga adaptation, illustrated by Cambria Bakuhatsu Tarou, began serialization on Kadokawa Shoten's website Young Ace Up on April 22, 2021. As of August 2024, the series' individual chapters have been collected into six tankōbon volumes.
One Peace Books is publishing the manga in English.

#### Volumes

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| 1 | October 8, 2021 | 978-4-04-111919-8 | October 8, 2024 | 978-1-64-273383-9 |
| 2 | April 8, 2022 | 978-4-04-112382-9 | December 3, 2024 | 978-1-64-273387-7 |
| 3 | September 9, 2022 | 978-4-04-112716-2 | — | — |
| 4 | January 10, 2023 | 978-4-04-113254-8 | — | — |
| 5 | August 10, 2023 | 978-4-04-113813-7 | — | — |
| 6 | August 9, 2024 | 978-4-04-115177-8 | — | — |

## Reception

Danica Davidson of Otaku USA liked the main protagonist, Yuta. Davidson felt the story had some tropes common in isekai works, but she also felt that it was fast-paced and flowed well. Renee Scott of School Library Journal liked the story and characters and was interested in seeing how the story progresses. Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network felt the story had a lot of tropes common in isekai works, but nonetheless enjoyed it, stating that she "[found] it easy to keep reading". Jean-Karlo Lemus of the same website described the series as "Broken Blade, but with the usual isekai twists" and praised the story, though he criticized the title.
# 2025 South Korean by-elections

The 2025 South Korean by-elections are scheduled to be held in 2025. According to the Public Official Election Act of South Korea, the elections are set to take place on April 2, 2025.

## April 2 by-elections
### Overview

* Election Date: April 2, 2025
* Election Details: Total of 23 constituencies
** Basic local government heads: 5
** Metropolitan council members: 8
** Basic council members: 9
** Superintendent of Education: 1

### Electoral Districts and Reasons
#### Basic Local Government Heads

| Position | Party | Predecessor | Constituency | Reason | Type |
| Seoul Guro District Mayor | People Power Party | Moon Heon-il | Seoul Guro District Mayor | Resignation | By-election |
| Chungnam Asan Mayor | People Power Party | Park Kyung-gwi | Chungnam Asan Mayor | Nullification of Election | Re-election |
| Jeonnam Damyang County Mayor | Democratic Party of Korea | Lee Byeong-no | Jeonnam Damyang County Mayor | Nullification of Election | Re-election |

#### Metropolitan Council Members

| Position | Party | Party | Predecessor | Constituency | Reason | Type | Remarks |
| Daegu Metropolitan Council Member | | People Power Party | Jeon Tae-seon | Dalseo District 6th Constituency | Nullification of Election | Re-election | |

#### Superintendent of Education

| Position | Predecessor | Constituency | Reason | Type | Remarks |
| Busan Metropolitan Superintendent of Education | Ha Yun-su | Busan | Nullification of Election | Re-election | |
# Skoblikov

Skoblikov (masculine, Russian: Скобликов) or Skoblikova (feminine, Russian: Скобликова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lidiya Skoblikova (born 1939), Russian speed skater and coach
* Yevgeni Skoblikov (born 1990), Russian football player
# Wahana F.C.

Wahana Football Club is an Indonesian football club based in Pekanbaru, Riau. They currently compete in the Liga 4 Riau zone and their homebase is Wahana Football Field.

## Honours

* Liga 4 Riau
** Champions (1): 2024–25
# Kadiri Ikhana

Kadiri Ikhana (born 31 December 1951) is a Nigerian football coach and former player who last managed Kano Pillars.

## Playing career

Ikhana played as a midfielder for Bendel Insurance, winning the league in 1979 and the FA Cup in 1978 and 1980.
Ikhana represented Nigeria at international level, playing for them in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games. He won the 1980 African Cup of Nations with Nigeria.

## Coaching career

Ikhana has coached a number of Nigerian club sides, including El-Kanemi Warriors, BCC Lions, Kwara United, Sunshine Stars, Sharks and Giwa.
In 1995, he managed Mohammedan SC in Bangladesh, before being sacked for a poor run of results in the league.
Ikhana managed Nigeria's Enyimba, winning the African Champions League in 2003. He was awarded CAF's Coach of the Year that same year. In 2004, he was manager of the Nigerian men's Olympic team.
He later managed Kano Pillars, before resigning in May 2008, citing corruption in the sport. He had led Kano Pillars to their first ever league title a day earlier.
He was appointed manager of the Nigerian women's national team in April 2012, before resigning in November 2012.
He was managing Nasarawa United in November 2013 when he decided to retire from the sport. He returned to Enyimba, winning another league title, before moving to Shooting Stars in February 2016. He returned to Kano Pillars in November 2016, before being sacked in April 2017.

## Honours
### As a player
#### With Bendel Insurance

* Nigerian Premier League – 1979
* Nigerian FA Cup – 1978, 1980

#### With Nigeria

* African Cup of Nations – 1980

### As a coach
#### With Enyimna

* Nigerian Premier League – 2015
* CAF Champions League – 2003

#### With Kano Pillars

* Nigerian Premier League – 2008

### Individual

* CAF Coach of the Year – 2003
# John Hope (cricketer, born 1841)

John Hayhurst Hope (6 February 1841 – 12 November 1910) was an English-born cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Otago between the 1863–64 and 1866–67 seasons.
Hope was born at Little Eaton in Derbyshire and educated at Aldenham. He played in the first four first-class matches played in New Zealand, all for Otago against Canterbury. A wicket-keeper, Hope scored a total of 84 runs and took 12 catches. In New Zealand he worked for the New Zealand Customs Department. He moved to Argentina in the late 1860s where he farmed cattle. He died in 1910 at the age of 69 at Buenos Aires in Argentina.
# Cheese fly

The cheese fly, cheese skipper, or ham skipper (Piophila casei) is a species of fly from the family Piophilidae whose larvae are known to infest cured meats, smoked or salted fish, cheeses and carrion. On the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, the larvae are intentionally introduced into pecorino sardo cheese to produce the characteristic casu martzu. If consumed by humans, the larvae have a chance to survive in the intestine, causing enteric myiasis, though no such cases have been linked to casu martzu dishes. The larvae may also carry harmful microorganisms that, when consumed, could cause infections.

## Description

Adult male cheese flies are usually 4.4–4.5 mm (0.17–0.18 in) long, with females slightly larger at 5.0–5.2 mm (0.197–0.205 in) long. The body is primarily a metallic black bronze in colour, with two pale yellow iridescent wings that lie flat upon the fly's abdomen when at rest. The head has short antennae and red compound eyes. The legs are yellow-brown and are covered in short spines.
The cheese fly larvae are cylindrical and can appear white or cream, with black mouthparts. Larvae have three instars, with late-instar larvae capable of greatest dispersal. When fully grown, they are 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long, 1 mm (0.039 in) wide, and have 13 segments. When disturbed, the larvae can leap 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in) by hooking their mouths into a nearby surface and jerking forward—this is believed to be what has led to the name "cheese skippers".
Larvae feed on protein rich sources, including meats, cheeses, and carrion. They seek out dark, dry areas for pupation, which lasts around 12 days.

## Cheese flies and food safety

P. casei are considered pests in the meat and cheese industries. Female cheese flies lay eggs on meats and cheeses, which, when hatched, produce burrowing larvae that are difficult to detect in food products until they grow large enough to disperse.
Research conducted on methods for preventing the oviposition and larval infestation of P. casei in cured meats and cheeses suggests the use of certain plant essential oils, from plants such as Mentha canadensis, to prevent larval growth. Alternatively, regulating the microbiome present in food processing facilities can remove the microbial symbionts of P. casei, whose metabolic wastes provide food for P. casei larvae.
# Fédération nationale des étudiants d'Action française

The Fédération nationale des étudiants d'Action française (National Federation of Action Française Students) was an organization uniting student activists of the Action Française movement. The first Action Française Students' Association was created on December 8, 1905, in Paris by Lucien Moreau, and was strengthened in 1913 with the formation of the national federation. The group was officially dissolved on February 13, 1936, following Action Française's involvement in the assault on Léon Blum.

## History
### Foundation

According to Charles Maurras, youth were at the forefront of "the confrontation against the Republic and its outdated elites." The organization aimed to create significant agitation to provoke a coup and to cultivate an elite.
On December 8, 1905, Lucien Moreau founded the first Action Française Students group in Île-de-France. Other groups followed, such as those in Angers (January 20, 1909) and Lille (May 12, 1910). The goal was to study and propagate the Action Française doctrine: "The group aims to study and promote nationalism within academic circles, fostering camaraderie and friendship among all students aligned with the principles of integral nationalism."
The organization was closely tied to the Institut d'Action française, founded in 1906 as an "institution of higher education against revolution." Both institutions shared premises at 33 rue Saint-André des Arts in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The headquarters featured a library, reading room, fencing hall, and facilities for literary, artistic, and athletic meetings.
By 1913, the growing number of members led Maurice Pujo to establish a national federation, with Henri Lagrange serving as its first general secretary.

### World War I

The outbreak of World War I interrupted the federation's activities, but some chapters remained active by including high school and middle school students.
The war inflicted heavy losses on the group, with 10 of its 12 secretaries general and deputies killed.

### Postwar Period

After the war, the federation quickly reorganized. In 1920, it launched the journal L'Étudiant français, which was widely read in Paris, with a circulation of 2,300 copies by 1921.

### Dissolution

On February 13, 1936, following an attack on Léon Blum, the federation was dissolved under the Law of January 10, 1936, on combat groups and private militias.

## Activities

Members participated in selling the L'Action Française and L'Étudiant français newspapers and provided security at events. They were also involved in demonstrations, often in university settings such as the Latin Quarter.
# Interactive Robots and Media Lab

The Interactive Robots and Media Lab (IRML) is a research laboratory, originally hosted at the College of IT of the United Arab Emirates University in Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE, then moved on to the CSE facilities of New York University Abu Dhabi. Starting January 2013 IRML is expanding, emancipating, and partially commercializing its operations.
The laboratory was founded in September 2007 by Nikolaos Mavridis, a PhD holder from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and started operations in February 2008. The main projects underway in the lab (as of December 2009) were two: the Ibn Sina Robot, an android that is able to converse in the Arabic language, as well as the Microsoft-funded FaceBots project, which aimed towards building robots that can sustain long-term relationships with humans through dialogues referencing shared memories and shared friends, while utilizing and depositing social information on the Facebook website. Other projects have started since then; mainly revolving around human-robot interaction, machine perception, and cognitive systems.
The lab has also hosted three international research-centric summer schools, which have a special format: they have a duration of one month, most of the time is spent in collaborative team-work on hands-on research projects, carried out in teams of 3–5 members coming from diverse academic levels (post-doctoral, graduate, undergraduate) and countries of origin. Also, the lab has been involved in other activities related to robotics and interactive media, winning for example the "Best Pipe Inspection Robot Design” at the Schlumberger i-Design course competition, and being involved in activities related to winning the bid and preparation for hosting the World Robot Olympiad (WRO) in Abu Dhabi in 2011.
The lab has been featured in regional as well as international news, on venues such as the BBC, Agence France Press (AFP), The UAE National, Al Jazeera TV etc.
# La Caravana Mágica

La Caravana Mágica (in English: The Magic Caravan) is a project of Argentine rock created by Gustavo Cordera, former lead singer of consecrated alternative grouping Bersuit Vergarabat. Unlike his previous project, Cordera devised a project with its own imprint, more personal and romantic; convening a group diverse musicians, fusing modern electronic sounds such as cumbia, the Latin music and River Plate, with the energy of rock.

## Discography

| Title | Album details |
| En la Caravana Mágica | Released: 2010 Label: Sony Music/Columbia Records Format: CD, digital download |
| En la Caravana Mágica Vol. 2 | Released: 2012 Label: Sony Music/Columbia Records Format: CD, digital download |
| Cordera vivo | Released: 2014 Label: Sony Music Format: CD, digital download |