OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1982 Maine gubernatorial election

The 1982 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1982. Incumbent Democratic Governor Joseph Brennan defeated Republican challenger Charles R. Cragin. Brennan defeated Cragin, winning his re-election by the highest percent margin in more than thirty years.
Brennan would be challenged in the Democratic primary by Lewiston state representative Georgette Berube, but would easily dispatch her. Cragin defeated Falmouth state representative Sherry Huber and Waterville state senator Richard Pierce in the GOP primary. Berube and Huber would be the first women to ever run for Governor of Maine.
The 281,066 votes received by Brennan represented the single highest vote total for governor in Maine history, until the election of Governor Janet Mills in 2018. Brennan's coattails allowed Democrats to win the first trifecta in the state since 1913. This was the first time a gubernatorial candidate won a majority of the vote since 1970, and the last time a gubernatorial candidate would win a majority of the vote until 1998. This was the only Maine gubernatorial election between 1974 and 2022 that no third-party or independent candidate received more than 5% of the vote.

## Democratic primary
### Candidates

* Georgette Berube, member of the State House, of Lewiston
* Joseph E. Brennan, incumbent Governor, of Portland

### Results

Democratic primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Joseph E. Brennan | 56,990 | 76.80 |
| | Democratic | Georgette Berube | 17,219 | 23.20 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 74,209 | 100.00 |

## Republican primary
### Candidates

* Charles Cragin, attorney and candidate for Governor in 1978, of Falmouth
* Sherry Huber, member of the State House, of Falmouth
* Richard Pierce, member of the State Senate, of Waterville

### Results

Republican primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Cragin | 32,235 | 38.02 |
| | Republican | Sherry Huber | 27,739 | 32.71 |
| | Republican | Richard Pierce | 24,820 | 29.27 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 84,794 | 100.00 |

## General election results

1982 Maine gubernatorial election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Joseph Brennan (Incumbent) | 281,066 | 61.91% | − |
| | Republican | Charles Cragin | 172,949 | 38.09% | − |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 108,117 | 23.81% | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
# Jack Sanford (first baseman)

John Doward Sanford (June 23, 1917 – January 4, 2005) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Washington Senators. Listed at 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and 195 pounds (88 kg), Sanford batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Chatham, Virginia.
Basically a line-drive hitter and a fine defensive player, Sanford was one of many ballplayers who interrupted their careers to serve during World War II. He signed with the Senators out of the University of Richmond, where he lettered in baseball, basketball, football and track.
Sanford made his American League debut on August 24, 1940 at Griffith Stadium. In his debut, he left six men on base in a two-run loss. His -0.437 win probability added is the lowest of any debutant in Major League history. Sanford played for the Washington Senators in the 1940 and 1941 seasons as a backup for Zeke Bonura and Mickey Vernon at first base. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1941 to 1946, playing and coaching on baseball teams there, then returned to major league action briefly in 1946.
In a three-season career, Sanford was a .231 hitter (32-for-153) with 13 runs and 11 RBI in 47 games, including four doubles and four triples without home runs or stolen bases.
Sanford died in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the age of 87.
# William Fabriel Myers

William Fabriel Myers (August 1850 – January 13, 1917) was a lawyer and state senator in South Carolina. An African American, he was involved in politics during the Reconstruction Era. He served as a state senator from 1874 until 1878.

## Biography

Myers was born 1850 in Charleston, South Carolina and was educated during the Reconstruction era at the University of South Carolina before being admitted to the bar in 1875.
He was appointed as an auditor for Colleton County, South Carolina in 1873 but was removed the following year by Governor Franklin J. Moses for political reasons.
He served as an elector in November 1876.
Myers was elected to serve in the South Carolina State Senate in 1874 and served until 1878.
He was also a major in the state militia from 1873 until 1877.
He served in 1910 as the deputy collector for the United States Customs in Columbia, South Carolina.
He died January 13, 1917 Columbia, South Carolina, and is buried in Randolph Cemetery with eight other reconstruction era legislators.
# Rockwood, Illinois

Rockwood is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. The population was 32 at the 2020 census. It is the headquarters of the Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge.

## Geography

Rockwood is located at 37°50′21″N 89°41′48″W﻿ / ﻿37.83917°N 89.69667°W﻿ / 37.83917; -89.69667 (37.839069, -89.696740).
According to the 2010 census, Rockwood has a total area of 0.21 square miles (0.54 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 41 people, 11 households, and 7 families residing in the village. The population density was 193.9 inhabitants per square mile (74.9/km$^2$). There were 13 housing units at an average density of 61.5 units per square mile (23.7 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.
There were 11 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73 and the average family size was 4.50.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 36.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $61,250, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $21,563 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $9,387. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
# Joseph Oates

Joseph E. Oates was a carpenter and politician in Florida, United States.
He was born in Sumter County, Georgia and was enslaved. He was owned by Florida Governor David Shelby Walker of Florida and was literate. He was chosen to attend the National Negro Congress in Washington, D.C. in February 1866 as part of a delegation that met with U.S. president Andrew Johnson. Histories disparaging the Reconstruction era recount a story of him absconding with money from his political supporters. Accounts of him and his African American colleagues in the state legislature are also degrading.
Oates represented Leon County and Wakulla County at Florida's 1868 Constitutional Convention. He was one of the signers of the constitution it produced.
# Felicity Hampel

Felicity Pia Hampel AM SC (born 1 June 1955) is a prominent Australian human rights lawyer and, since 2005, judge of the County Court of Victoria. Hampel's career as a barrister began in 1981, and she became a Senior Counsel in 1996.
She has served as adjunct professor of law at Monash University, where she has often taught with her husband, former Supreme Court of Victoria Justice and Monash University Professor The Honourable George Hampel AM, KC. She has also served as President of Liberty Victoria, and as Deputy Co-convenor of the Australian Republican Movement in Victoria. Hampel has also served as a Victorian Law Reform Commissioner and is a former Convenor of the Women Barristers Association.
In the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours Hampel was appointed Member of the Order of Australia "significant service to the judiciary, to legal organisations, and to women".

## Education

Hampel attended the Genazzano FCJ College in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne. She holds a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws from Monash University.
# Bjelina

Bjelina is a village westwards from the town of Knin in the Benkovac municipality of southern Croatia.

## Location

Bjelina is placed between Benkovac and Kistanje. It is located 20 km (12 mi) east of Benkovac.

## Population/Demographics

According to 1991 census, there were 652 inhabitants, of which 578 (88.65%) were Serbs; 70 (10.73%) were Croats and 4 others. According to national census of 2011, population of the settlement is 92.

## Bilina

Bilina is a historic late-medieval site close to modern Bjelina. Bilina is its medieval name, as opposed to post-Ottoman Bjelina. The site (44°03′N 15°50′E﻿ / ﻿44.050°N 15.833°E﻿ / 44.050; 15.833) is known as the seat of the Drašković noble family in the 15th century and in the beginning of the 16th century. Bartol (English: Bartholomew) Drašković, the head of the family, had an estate with the castle there. His wife Ana Drašković née Utješinović, a sister of the Catholic cardinal Juraj Utješinović (George Utissenich alias George Martinuzzi), bore him on February 5, 1525, the firstborn son Juraj (English: George), a famous Croatian Catholic Bishop, Cardinal and statesman, who was the Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia between 1567 and 1578.
Younger sons of Bartol and Ana, Ivan I (English: John) and Gašpar I (English: Casper), were most probably also born there. Shortly after that, because of the threatening Ottoman expansion, the family left its old seat and withdrew toward the northwest of Croatia.
As the Ottoman army soon conquered the whole area around Bilina, the Drašković family could not come back any more. Thus, the Draškovićs of Bilina became later Draškovićs of Trakošćan.
# Tinago Falls

Tinago Falls is a waterfall on the Agus River, located in between the town of Linamon and Iligan City, Lanao del Norte in the northern part of the Philippine island of Mindanao. It is one of the main tourist attractions of Iligan, a city known as the City of Majestic Waterfalls.
Tinago is a Filipino term meaning "hidden", the falls being hidden in a deep ravine. Trekking to the falls requires approximately 500 descending steps called the winding staircase.
The falls is high, its very cold waters cascading beautifully into a deep and calm basin-like pool which appears like a blue-colored lagoon. Under the falls is a small cave where people can enter and listen to the rumbling waters.

## Legend

Folklore has it that there once lived an influential and powerful Sultan Agok and his wife. They were appointed by their people as their king and queen. But they became too proud of themselves and became selfish rulers of their kingdom. When the sultan's wife was pregnant, an enchantress, disguised as a beggar, begged for their help but instead they rejected her. Because of this, the enchantress cursed the couple's future child's appearance. She will be born ugly.
The child was indeed born ugly. The couple was sad and disappointed, expecting the baby to be as lovely as her mother. They hid the child in a cave to avoid embarrassment and named the baby Tin-ag, which means "hidden face". They visited and took care of the baby in the cave.
When the child grew up, she went out of the cave and was amazed by the outside world. However, people were not kind to her and she suffered from their taunts and jeers. The enchantress, saw her suffering and wanted to help. Tin-ag wanted to be transformed into a thing of beauty and splendor. The enchantress acquiesced. But unbeknownst to Tin-ag, she was to be transformed into a waterfall. She indeed became so beautiful and lovely. This is now known as Tinago Falls in Iligan City.

## Geography

Tinago Falls is located in a deep ravine in Barangay Ditucalan, Iligan City. The falls plunges 240 feet (73 m) high from a cliff.
# Almena Township, Michigan

Almena Township is a civil township of Van Buren County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 5,308.

## History

The first permanent white settler in Almena Township was Jonas Barber, who settled there in 1835. The township was set off in 1842, reportedly named after a Potawatomi princess. Samuel Fisk operated a grist mill, from which the settlement became known as Almena Mills. A Free Will Baptist Church was established at Covey Hill near the edge of the township in 1843. A post office named Almena Centre operated from April 1848 until February 1849. In October 1861, the post office formerly in Brewerville (location unknown) was transferred to and renamed Almena, operating until September 1905.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90 km$^2$), of which 34.5 square miles (89 km$^2$) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km$^2$) (0.92%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,226 people, 1,553 households, and 1,245 families residing in the township. The population density was 122.6 inhabitants per square mile (47.3/km$^2$). There were 1,633 housing units at an average density of 47.4 per square mile (18.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.19% White, 1.23% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.42% of the population.
There were 1,553 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $51,027, and the median income for a family was $56,653. Males had a median income of $40,371 versus $28,896 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,733. About 3.4% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Deputy leader

A deputy leader (in Scottish English, sometimes depute leader) in the Westminster system is the second-in-command of a political party, behind the party leader. Deputy leaders often become Deputy prime minister when their parties are elected to government. The deputy leader may take on the role of the leader if the current leader is, for some reason, unable to perform their role as leader. For example, the deputy leader often takes the place of the party leader at question time sessions in their absence. They also often have other responsibilities of party management.

## Current Deputy leaders
### Australia

* Sussan Ley, Deputy leader of the Liberal Party of Australia
* Richard Marles, Deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party
* Perin Davey, Deputy leader of the National Party of Australia
* Nick McKim and Larissa Waters, Deputy leaders of the Australian Greens

### Canada

* Vacant, Deputy leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
* Angela Davidson, Deputy leader of the Green Party of Canada
* Melissa Lantsman and Tim Uppal, Deputy leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada
* Alexandre Boulerice, Deputy leader of the New Democratic Party

#### Ontario

* Sol Mamakwa, Deputy leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party

### Ireland

* Helen McEntee, Deputy leader of Fine Gael
* Jack Chambers, Deputy leader of Fianna Fáil
* Michelle O'Neill, Vice president of Sinn Féin
* Róisín Garvey, Deputy leader of the Green Party
* Gemma Brolly, Deputy leader of Aontú

### New Zealand

* Nicola Willis, Deputy leader of the National Party of New Zealand
* Kelvin Davis, Deputy leader of the New Zealand Labour Party
* Fletcher Tabuteau, Deputy leader of New Zealand First
* Brooke van Velden, Deputy leader of ACT New Zealand

### United Kingdom

* Angela Rayner, Deputy leader of the Labour Party
* Daisy Cooper, Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats
* Amelia Womack, Deputy leader of the Green Party of England and Wales

#### Scotland

* Keith Brown, Depute leader of the Scottish National Party
* Jackie Baillie, Deputy leader of the Scottish Labour Party
* Alistair Carmichael, Deputy leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats

#### Wales

* Carolyn Harris, Deputy leader of the Welsh Labour Party
* Rhun ap Iorwerth & Siân Gwenllian, Deputy leaders of Plaid Cymru
* Christine Humphreys & Kirsty Williams, Deputy leaders of the Welsh Liberal Democrats
* Duncan Rees & Lauren James, Deputy leaders of the Wales Green Party

#### Northern Ireland

* Vacant, Deputy leader of the Democratic Unionist Party
* Vacant, Deputy leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party
* Eóin Tennyson, Deputy leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
* Mal O'Hara, Deputy leader of the Green Party in Northern Ireland
# Interleukin-5 receptor

The interleukin-5 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of the interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit and CSF2RB.
The IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and is a heterodimer composed of two polypeptide chains, one α subunit, which binds IL-5 and confers upon the receptor cytokine specificity, and one β subunit, which contains the signal transduction domains.

## α-subunit

The IL-5Rα chain is exclusively expressed by eosinophils, some basophils and murine B1 cells or B cell precursors. Like many other cytokine receptors, alternative splicing of the α-chain gene results in expression of either a membrane bound or soluble form of the bα-chain. The soluble form does not lead to signal transduction and therefore has an antagonistic effect on IL-5 signaling. Both monomeric forms of IL-5Rα are low affinity receptors, while dimerization with the β-chain produces a high affinity receptor. In either case, the α-chain exclusively binds IL-5 and the intra-cellular portion of IL-5Rα is associated with Janus kinase (JAK) 2, a protein tyrosine-kinase essential in IL-5 signal transduction.

## β-subunit

The β-subunit of the IL-5 receptor is responsible for signal transduction and contains several intracellular signaling domains. Unlike the α-chain, the β-chain does not bind IL-5, is not specific to this cytokine, and is expressed on practically all leukocytes. In fact, the β-subunit of the IL-5 receptor is also found in IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors where it is associated with IL-3Rα and GM-CSFRα subunits respectively. Therefore, it is known as the common β receptor or βc. As with the IL-5Rα subunit, the β subunit’s cytoplasmic domain is constitutively associated with JAK2, as well as LYN, another tyrosine kinase, which are both essential for IL-5 signal transduction.

## Drug target

Three monoclonal antibodies are available to target IL-5R. Benralizumab binds to IL-5Ra, while mepolizumab and reslizumab bind to IL-5, preventing it from binding to IL-5Ra.
# Ruma, Illinois

Ruma is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. The population was 317 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Ruma is located at 38°8′1″N 89°59′55″W﻿ / ﻿38.13361°N 89.99861°W﻿ / 38.13361; -89.99861 (38.133512, -89.998497).
According to the 2010 census, Ruma has a total area of 0.74 square miles (1.92 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 260 people, 99 households, and 69 families residing in the village. The population density was 634.0 inhabitants per square mile (244.8/km$^2$). There were 103 housing units at an average density of 251.2 units per square mile (97.0 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 98.85% White and 1.15% Asian.
There were 99 households, out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.5% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $33,929, and the median income for a family was $38,333. Males had a median income of $31,346 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,176. About 13.2% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Amos O'Neal

Amos O'Neal, born July 17, 1961 in Saginaw, Michigan, is an American Democratic politician who represents the 94th district in the Michigan House of Representatives, serving the city of Saginaw and parts of Saginaw Township. O'Neal is the Democratic Caucus Chair for the 2023-24 legislative session. First elected in 2022, he was reelected in 2024.
# In re Neagle

In re Neagle, 135 U.S. 1 (1890), is a United States Supreme Court decision holding that federal officers are immune from State prosecution when acting within the scope of their federal authority.

## Facts

Suspecting a plot against US Supreme Court Justice Stephen J. Field's life, in 1889 U.S. Attorney General William Miller instructed US Marshal John Franks to appoint Deputy U.S. Marshal David Neagle (1847–1925) to serve as Justice Field's bodyguard while Field rode circuit in California.
On August 14, 1889, David S. Terry approached Field inside the Lathrop, California train station in California's San Joaquin Valley. Terry, a former California Supreme Court justice, had a long-standing grudge with Field, who had ruled against his wife in a lawsuit and subsequently sentenced both him and his wife to jail on contempt charges. As Terry walked towards the exit to the railroad station dining room, he struck Field from behind with such force that he knocked his glasses off. Terry was known to carry a large Bowie knife. Terry drew back his hand again, and fearing Terry was about to kill Field, Neagle shot and killed him. Field and Neagle were arrested by the San Joaquin Sheriff Thomas Cunningham. Cunningham later released Field on his own recognizance, but took Neagle to jail.
The United States Attorney in San Francisco filed a writ of habeas corpus for Neagle's release. The circuit court issued the writ after a hearing and ordered Neagle's release. Sheriff Cunningham, with the aid of the State of California, appealed to the United States Supreme Court. In a 6-2 decision (Justice Field abstained), the Supreme Court affirmed the lower court. The decision recognized that, as the source of all executive authority, the President could act in the absence of specific statutory authority since there were no laws that provided for protection of federal judges by the executive branch. Constitutionally, the decision determined that the executive branch exercised its own "necessary and proper" authority.

## Question before the court

The question for the court to decide, was the state obligated to obey the writ even though no national statute empowered the Attorney General to provide judges with bodyguards?