OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1-Methylnaphthalene

1-Methylnaphthalene is an organic compound with the formula C$_{11}$H$_{10}$. It is a colorless liquid. It is isomeric with 2-methylnaphthalene.

## Reference fuel

1-Methylnaphthalene defines the lower (zero) reference point of cetane number, a measure of diesel fuel ignition quality, as it has a long ignition delay (poor ignition qualities). In contrast, cetane, with its short ignition delay, defines the upper reference point at 100. In testing, isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane or HMN) replaced 1-methylnaphthalene as the low cetane number reference fuel in 1962 for reasons of better oxidation stability and ease of use in the reference engine. The scale is unchanged, as isocetane's cetane number is measured at 15, referenced to 1-methylnaphthalene and cetane.

## Methylnaphthalene anion

With alkali metals, 1-methylnaphthalene forms radical anion salts such as sodium 1-methylnaphthalene.
Compared to its structural analog sodium naphthalene, sodium 1-methylnaphthalene is more soluble, which is useful for low-temperature reductions.
# Ali Forney Center

The Ali Forney Center (AFC), based in New York City, is the largest LGBT community center helping LGBTQ homeless youth in the United States. The AFC both manages and develops transitional housing for its clients. AFC helps approximately 2,000 youth clients each year, primarily between sixteen and twenty-four years old. AFC is named after Ali Forney, a transgender youth who was murdered in New York in 1997.

## Description

AFC has 15 residential sites in Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan. In 2012, AFC provided 77 beds a night for homeless LGBTQ youth. AFC also runs a drop-in center, open 24/7, where clients can apply for housing, receive food and hygiene services and can access free medical and mental health care . AFC Founder Carl Siciliano says that the clients served by the drop-in center are often in the most acute crisis. AFC serves the LGBTQ population because they represent approximately forty percent of New York's young homeless people.

## History

AFC has served homeless LGBTQ youth in New York since 2002. The organization was founded by Carl Siciliano. When AFC first opened, it had only six beds. Siciliano, who knew and respected Forney, recalls that it was a challenge to secure funding for the first two years of the organization's operation. By 2007, AFC had 32 beds, 50 staff and offered wraparound services including free medical care, HIV testing, hygiene services, job training and job placement through the drop-in center.
During the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the drop-in center was flooded. A fundraiser hosted by Ally Sheedy helped raise money for the organization to relocate and reopen the drop-in center. An additional $100,000 was raised in one day to help the organization through word of mouth and social media.
In July 2015, AFC broke ground on its new Bea Arthur Residence. The housing site is named after the actress, Bea Arthur, who left $300,000 in her will to AFC. Arthur's endowment to the shelter enabled it stay open during the recession in 2009. In 2012, the New York City Council and the Manhattan borough president provided $3.3 million to renovate the building that will house the Bea Arthur Residence. In addition to the money that she left in her will, Arthur also helped raise $40,000 for AFC in 2005 with her one-woman show, "Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends."
The organization has received donations from other sources as well in order to expand and help maintain operating costs. In 2009, the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island donated $200,000 to help the organization stay open after losing nearly $450,000 in funding due to the economic downturn.
# 1957 LSU Tigers football team

The 1957 LSU Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana State University (LSU) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1957 college football season. In their third year under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers complied an overall record of 5–5, with a conference record of 4–4, and finished seventh in the SEC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | Rice* | | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | L 14–20 | 50,912 |
| September 28 | Alabama | | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA (rivalry) | W 28–0 | 33,728 |
| October 5 | at Texas Tech* | | Clifford B. and Audrey Jones StadiumLubbock, TX | W 19–14 | 19,278 |
| October 12 | No. 17 Georgia Tech | | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 20–13 | 59,476 |
| October 19 | Kentucky | No. 17 | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 21–0 | 53,824 |
| October 26 | at Florida | No. 10 | Florida FieldGainesville, FL (rivalry) | L 14–22 | 27,740 |
| November 2 | at Vanderbilt | | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | L 0–7 | 18,500 |
| November 9 | No. 14 Ole Miss | | Hemingway StadiumOxford, MS (rivalry) | L 12–14 | 26,261 |
| November 16 | No. 12 Mississippi State | | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA (rivalry) | L 6–14 | 51,213 |
| November 30 | Tulane | | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA (Battle for the Rag) | W 25–6 | 48,040 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Hassall's corpuscles

Hassall's corpuscles (also known as thymic bodies) are structures found in the medulla of the human thymus, formed from eosinophilic type VI thymic epithelial cells arranged concentrically. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They vary in size with diameters from 20 to more than 100μm, and tend to grow larger with age. They can be spherical or ovoid and their epithelial cells contain keratohyalin and bundles of cytoplasmic fibres. Later studies indicate that Hassall's corpuscles differentiate from medullary thymic epithelial cells after they lose autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression. This makes them an example of Thymic mimetic cells. They are named for Arthur Hill Hassall, who discovered them in 1846.
The function of Hassall's corpuscles is currently unclear, and the absence of this structure in the thymus of most murine species (except for the New Zealand White Mouse strain) has previously restricted mechanistic dissection. It is known that Hassall's corpuscles are a potent source of the cytokine TSLP. In vitro, TSLP directs the maturation of dendritic cells, and increases the ability of dendritic cells to convert naive thymocytes to a Foxp3+ regulatory T cell lineage. It is unknown if this is the physiological function of Hassall's corpuscles in vivo.
In the past decade, researchers found tissue-specific self-antigens in Hassall's corpuscles and revealed their role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Goodpasture's syndrome, and others. They also discovered that Hassall's corpuscles synthesize chemokines affecting different cell populations in thymic medulla. Despite this, the information on the relationship between Hassall's corpuscles with other cell types of thymic medulla (dendritic, myoid, neuroendocrine cells, thymocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, etc.) remains insufficient and often contradictory. Mechanisms of these relationships and their functional significance are still unclear. The lack of such data does not allow a systemic view of the differentiation processes in the thymus.
# Caltagirone Ceramics

The Ceramica di Caltagirone is a type of ceramics made in Caltagirone, in Sicily. This pottery is one of the most documented and stylistically varied, as well as one of the best known in the world.
His historical knowledge is based on recent research carried out in the context of the creation of the Museum of Ceramics , first at the local School of Ceramics and then at its own headquarters under the aegis of Italian Republic and Sicily Region. Caltagirone has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

## History

The archaeological data obtained in the excavations carried out by Paolo Orsi in the area of Caltagirone confirm what the Jesuit Giampaolo Chiarandà wrote in passing in his history of the city of Piazza Armerina. There the art of ceramics had preceded Arab Sicily and was practiced "by many potters". The reasons why Caltagirone pottery had a significant boost in the Middle Ages are not only in the quality of clays, but also in the immense nearby woods that provided the firewood to cook the artifacts in ovens for the many potters locations. Caltagirone's "quarters" for containing honey were known everywhere, as the honey production mentioned by the Arab geographer Edrisi. They are also mentioned in inventories of donated goods, such as that of 1596 by Don Matteo Calascibetta, Barón of Costumino. In Caltagirone there are also some important educational centers dedicated to ceramics. In 1918, Don Luigi Sturzo founded the "State Institute of Art in Ceramics", where he trained artisans who could continue in this local tradition.

## The whistles

A characteristic prehistoric object is found in the Museum of Ceramics of Caltagirone (founded in 1965) and that it had not been understood before the restoration. The bellies communicate through numerous holes. In the center, communicating externally with the two bottles, a nozzle is applied that should be used to introduce air by blowing them. With two pots full of water and the introduction of air through the beak, it must have determined a characteristic gurgle, which probably served for hunting in the forest as a call for birds and other animals.

## Cribs

In Caltagirone, the first examples of ceramic figures for the Nativity scene, probably date in the Middle Ages. In the 18th century we had Antonio Branciforte and Antonio Margioglio among the "sanctuaries", a true category of artisans who produced statuettes of Holy Family and saints for nativity scenes. The spread of the ritual dates back to the beginning of the 18th century, when families from all social classes competed with each other to create the most beautiful scenery or the most detailed figurine in the city. In fact, it is the scenes of popular, peasant and pastoral life that inspire the master craftsmen.
At the end of the century, this tradition reached high artistic levels promoting tourism in the city of Caltagirone. In the city, there are two ceramic museums, the "civic museum" which also houses a gallery of contemporary ceramics and the "regional museum".
# Sericomyrmex saussurei

Sericomyrmex saussurei is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
# Carpilius convexus

Carpilius convexus, commonly known as the marbled stone crab, is a species of crab found in the Indo-Pacific, from Hawaii to the Red Sea and South Africa. It was first described by Peter Forsskål in 1775 as "Cancer convexus", and has sometimes been treated as a variety of the larger species Carpilius maculatus. The biology of the genus Carpilius is poorly known. The coloration of Carpilius convexus is a yellow-brown or red, with patches that are mainly brown, growing up to 25 cm (9.8 in). Despite us knowing their size, coloration, and habitat, little else is known about their biology.

## Gallery

* Carpilius convexus (Male), Anterior view, Ludwig Wreck, Persian Gulf, 2012.
* Carpilius convexus (Male), Posterior view, Ludwig Wreck, Persian Gulf, 2012.
* Carpilius convexus (Female), Réunion.
# Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Flight 130

Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Flight 130 was a scheduled passenger flight from Paris–Le Bourget Airport to Sofia Airport with a stopover in Zurich Airport that, on 18 January 1971, crashed while on approach to Zürich. 38 out of 39 passengers died, and 7 of the 8 crew members died (45 people were killed out of 47).

## Aircraft

The accident aircraft was an Ilyushin Il-18D with factory number 186009002 and serial number 090-02. It was manufactured and first flew in 1966, flying for TABSO until 1968, when it was transferred to Bulair.
The Il-18 was inspected two days before the accident. By the time of the crash, the aircraft was considered airworthy, having logged 8,622 flight hours and 3,136 pressurisation cycles. There were eight crew members: a captain, a co-pilot, a navigator, a flight engineer, a radio operator, a trainee, and two flight attendants. The captain was Vladimir Vladov.

## Accident

Flight 130 departed Paris in the afternoon and climbed to their assigned altitude. After entering Zurich airspace, the captain asked for the weather conditions there and heard reports about improving weather. The air traffic controller cleared the flight for landing. They initiated approach in bad conditions. On final approach, the crew noticed the plane was off-course and tried to correct; however at 15:49, the left wingtip and undercarriage struck the ground. The Il-18 ended up in flames 700 m (2,300 ft) short of the runway. The crash destroyed the aircraft.
Nationalities :
| Nationality | Crew | Passengers |
| West Germany | | 14 |
| Bulgaria | 8 | 4 |
| France | | 9 |
| Syria | | 4 |
| Lebanon | | 2 |
| Brazil | | 1 |
| Netherlands | | 1 |
| Argentina | | 1 |
| Austria | | 1 |
| Finland | | 1 |
| United Kingdom | | 1 |
| Total | 8 | 39 |

## Victims

Out of the occupants, 14 were West German, 12 were Bulgarian (including the eight crew members), nine were French, four were Syrian, two were Lebanese, one was Brazilian, one was Dutch, one was Argentinian, one was Austrian, one was Finnish, and one was British. Out of the 47 occupants, only two survived, those being a 12-year-old boy and Captain Vladov. Most people died from the post-crash fire and smoke.

## Investigation

The crash was investigated in Switzerland. The black box was significantly damaged and data could not be extracted. An interview with Captain Vladov stated that five years of investigation could not establish a cause. However, other sources state that the investigation concluded that the crew failed to follow published procedures while initiating an ILS approach on runway 16 which led to the Il-18 passing below the minimum descent altitude. The thick fog was also considered a contributing factor.
# Sasser, Georgia

Sasser is a town in Terrell County, Georgia, United States. The population was 393 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.

## History

A post office called Sasser was established in 1881. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Sasser as a town in 1890. The community has the name of one William Sasser.

## Geography

Sasser is located at 31°43′12″N 84°20′52″W﻿ / ﻿31.72000°N 84.34778°W﻿ / 31.72000; -84.34778 (31.720119, -84.347676). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 393 people, 152 households, and 112 families residing in the town. In 2020, its population declined to 287.
# 2024 Iditarod

The 2024 Iditarod is the 52nd year of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, an annual sled dog race in the U.S. state of Alaska. It began on March 3, 2024.
Competitor Dallas Seavey was given a two-hour time penalty on March 6 for not properly gutting a moose he killed during the race. He used a handgun to shoot and kill the moose and spent about 10 minutes at the kill site before advancing in the race. Officials said the two-hour penalty would be added to Seavey's mandatory 24-hour layover. At the time of the penalty being sanctioned, Seavey was leading the race. He later went on to win his sixth Iditarod, a competition record.
# Tom French (poet)

Tom French (born 1966 in Kilkenny) is an Irish poet.

## Life

He was born in Kilkenny in 1966 and raised across the border in Tipperary. He graduated from National University of Ireland, Galway and the University of Limerick.
He lives with his family close to the coast of County Meath, where he earns his living in the County library service.
He received bursaries in literature from An Chomhairle Ealaíon/The Arts Council, Ireland in 1999 and 2009. His work has appeared in numerous national and international publications.

## Awards

* Ted McNulty prize
* 2002 Forward Poetry Prize Best First Collection
* 2015 The Dermot Healy International Poetry Prize
* 2016 Lawrence O’Shaughnessy Award for Poetry
* 2023 Pigott Prize, Listowel Writers' Week

## Works

* Touching the Bones. Gallery Press. 2001.
* The Fire Step. Gallery Press. 2009.
* The Night Ahead. Smithereens Press. 2013.
* Midnightstown. Gallery Press. 2014.
* Taking the Oath. Smithereens Press. 2015.
* The Way to Work. Gallery Press. 2016.
* The Sea Field. Gallery Press. 2020.
* Company. Gallery Press. 2022.
# Louis Hébert (officer)

Louis Hébert (March 13, 1820 – January 20, 1901) was an American educator, civil engineer, writer and soldier who became a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

## Early life

Born in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Louis Hébert was the first cousin of engineer, Governor Paul Octave Hébert. Louis Hébert graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1845 and was assigned as a brevet second lieutenant to the construction of Fort Livingston, Louisiana. He resigned his commission on February 15, 1846, to run his ailing father's plantation. He became a state militia officer in 1847, a Louisiana state legislator and chief engineer of the State of Louisiana (1855–1860).

## American Civil War

Hébert was commissioned Colonel of the 3rd Louisiana Infantry Regiment on May 11, 1861. He fought with his regiment at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. He led Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch's infantry brigade at the Pea Ridge on March 7, 1862, while McCulloch led the brigade's division. Hébert was technically in command of the division after McCulloch and his second in command, Brigadier General James M. McIntosh, were killed in action. However, Hébert, who was wounded, and a small group of his men had become separated from the brigade and were captured before Hebert could exercise command of the division.
Hébert was exchanged on March 20, 1862. On May 26, 1862, Hébert was appointed brigadier general. His appointment was confirmed by the Confederate Senate on September 30, 1862. He led a brigade in 1862 at the Battle of Iuka, a division at the Second Battle of Corinth and a brigade at the Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863). He was again made a prisoner of war after the Confederate surrender at Vicksburg. He was paroled and exchanged on October 13, 1863. He then served in Confederate operations in the Cape Fear District in North Carolina first in artillery and then as chief engineer of the department. He commanded the heavy artillery at and around Fort Fisher.

## Post-war

After the war Hébert was an editor and publisher of a local St. Martin's parish newspaper, Iberville South, and taught at several private schools.
Louis Hébert died January 7, 1901, on the east bank of Bayou Teche, 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, where he was interred. Because his burial site was located on private land, with assistance from the Sons of Confederate Veterans on October 26, 2002, Hébert's remains were disinterred and moved to St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery in nearby Cecilia, Louisiana.
# Hemo Prova Borbora Girls' College

Hemo Prova Borbora Girls' College, established in 1969, is a women's general degree college situated in Golaghat, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Dibrugarh University. This college offers bachelor's degree courses in arts.
# Jeferson Douglas

Jeferson Douglas dos Santos Souza (born 19 March 2001), known as Jeferson Douglas, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 30 April 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bahia | 2020 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Bahia | 2021 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearances in the Campeonato Baiano

## Honours

Bahia
* Campeonato Baiano: 2020
# Hogansville, Georgia

Hogansville is a city in Troup County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,060 at the 2010 census. Since 1998, Hogansville has held an annual Hummingbird Festival.

## History

The community was named after William Hogan, owner of the original town site.

## Geography

Highways in Hogansville include Interstate 85, U.S. Route 29, Georgia State Route 54, and Georgia State Route 100.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17 km$^2$), of which 6.6 square miles (17 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.45%) is water.

## Demographics

Hogansville racial composition as of 2020 :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 1,614 | 49.4% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,298 | 39.73% |
| Native American | 6 | 0.18% |
| Asian | 17 | 0.52% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.03% |
| Other/Mixed | 157 | 4.81% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 174 | 5.33% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,267 people, 1,056 households, and 657 families residing in the city.

## Arts and culture

Attractions and events include Hogansville Hummingbird Festival, an arts-and-crafts festival, a Christmas Parade, and Trunk or Treat.

## Notable people

* J. M. Gates, preacher and gospel singer
* Terry Godwin, football player (University of Georgia)
* Gar Heard, basketball player
* Alfred Jenkins, football player
* Luther "Houserocker" Johnson, blues guitarist and singer
* Ed Levy, baseball player
* Cowboy Jimmy Moore, billiard champion
* Derek Smith, basketball player
* John Whelchel, football player
# Wipeout (roller coaster)

Wipeout (formerly Coca-Cola Roller and Missile) is a roller coaster located at Pleasurewood Hills theme park in Lowestoft, England. Vekoma designed the roller coaster. Wipeout uses a boomerang design.

## History

The roller coaster was first opened in 1988 as the Coca-Cola Roller at the Glasgow Garden Festival. That same year it was sold to the American Adventure in Derbyshire under the name Missile. It stayed at the park until the 2005 season, when it was closed down, dismantled, and taken to Pleasurewood Hills. It did not open during the 2006 season due to planning problems. It opened for the 2007 season under the name "Wipeout". It has a surfer theme and is painted blue. The coaster will receive new trains for the 2025 season.

## Ride Experience

The roller coaster is a boomerang ride wherein the train is taken backwards up a hill. At the top of the hill, the train is released and picks up speed. At that point, pictures are automatically taken of the riders (who can buy souvenir pictures at the beach hut themed stall after the ride). The train then speeds through the station at its top speed, and then goes through a cobra roll and a vertical loop. It then climbs to the top of a second hill. At the top, it is released and goes back through the vertical loop and cobra roll before resting in the station.
# Droszków, Lubusz Voivodeship

Droszków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zabór, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Zabór and 11 km (7 mi) east of Zielona Góra.
# 35 King Street, Bristol

The 35 King Street (grid reference ST587727) is a former cork warehouse in King Street, Bristol, England, currently housing an Indian restaurant and serviced office space.
It was built around 1870 and is an example of the Bristol Byzantine style.
It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II listed building.
# 6 King Street, Bristol

6 King Street is an historic house situated on King Street in Bristol, England.
It dates from 1665, but the present early Georgian frontage dates from about 1720. It is thought that the original roof had gables, similar to those seen on the neighbouring 7 and 8, which were cut back to form the hips seen today. The interior retains many eighteenth century features.
It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.