OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Science Hill, Kentucky

Science Hill is a home rule-class city in Pulaski County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 693 as of the 2010 U.S. Census.

## History

The community was named by geologist William J. Bobbitt, who visited to gather and analyze the local rocks, and applied to the local post office by William B. Gragg in 1874.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km$^2$), all land. The city is concentrated atop a small hill along Kentucky Route 635. Kentucky Route 1247 passes through the city just east of its downtown area, and U.S. Route 27 passes along the city's eastern border. The Big Clifty Creek Valley lies just to the west of Science Hill.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 634 people, 249 households, and 184 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,013.0 inhabitants per square mile (391.1/km$^2$). There were 275 housing units at an average density of 439.4 per square mile (169.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 99.21% White, 0.16% Native American, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.
There were 249 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,464, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $27,917 versus $18,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,476. About 11.2% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The Science Hill Independent School was founded in 1895. Since then it has moved several times to accommodate growth. The school enrolls students from pre-school up to the 8th grade. Since the school is independent, students graduating from Science Hill can choose either the county or Somerset City High Schools. Though the school has an enrollment of around 500, it consistently ranks among the highest-performing primary and elementary schools in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
Science Hill has a lending library, a branch of the Pulaski County Public Library.

## In popular culture

Science Hill is referenced in the 2014 movie Edge of Tomorrow, as the hometown of Bill Paxton's character, Master Sergeant Farell. The main character asks Master Sergeant Farell the origin of Science Hill's name; Farell responds, "Never asked, don't care."
# Woodville Oval

Woodville Oval (also known as Maughan Thiem Kia Oval due to naming rights) is a sports venue primarily used for Australian rules football and cricket, located in the western Adelaide suburb of Woodville South in South Australia. It is the home ground of South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club the Woodville-West Torrens Eagles, and the former home (1941–90) of the Woodville Football Club, with the former's clubrooms and administrations offices now housing The Eagles. The oval is also the home of the Woodville Cricket Club who play in the South Australian Grade Cricket League.

## The Oval

Woodville Oval has a capacity of around 15,000 people, with seating for up to 2,000 in two covered stands located on the western side of the ground, with the players changerooms located under the Barry Jarman Stand on the centre wing. Most of the spectator areas around the ground are grass banks, with the exception of the outer (eastern) wing which is six rows of concrete terracing. The playing surface of the oval is 175m x 110m making it the second longest currently in use in the SANFL behind Elizabeth Oval (178m), though if measured from fence to fence, Woodville Oval is 203m long, some 15 metres longer than Elizabeth. The main scoreboard at the oval is located in the north-eastern corner of the ground adjacent to the Woodville-West Torrens clubrooms which are located behind the northern goals.
The ground record attendance was set on 9 August 1986 when 11,026 saw Woodville, led by Captain-coach and club legend Malcolm Blight, and on their way to a rare SANFL finals appearance, defeat their hated western suburbs 'big brother' Port Adelaide 14.11 (95) to 13.11 (89) in their Round 18 match.
Adjoining the Oval directly to the north is the Woodville Lawn Bowling Club, the Woodville Croquet Club and the Woodville Glengarry Tennis Club, with both lawn and hardcourts it is one of the largest multi surface tennis clubs in the Adelaide.
On-site car parking is available for Eagles members, located near the Eagles club rooms in the north-west of the facility while limited on-street parking is available for the general public during Eagles SANFL games at the ground.
Woodville Oval is located approximately 600 metres from one of Adelaide's major public hospitals, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital.
# Ritlal Yadav

Ritlal Yadav or Ritlal Ray (born 16 January 1972) is a leader of RJD who won the Bihar Legislative Council election in July 2015 as an independent candidate. Ritlal was in jail in connection with multiple criminal cases, including murder charges. Ritlal is accused in over 33 cases. He was a former Member of Legislative Council (MLC), the post, to which he was elected in 2016. He was incarcerated in Beur Jail until August 2020. However he was then released from the jail on bail. Ritlal Yadav defeated BJP's Asha Devi Sinha in the 2020 Bihar Assembly elections.

## Life and career

Ritlal Yadav came to limelight in 2003 when Lalu Prasad Yadav was undertaking his Tel Pilawan lathi ghumawan Yatra to garner the support of Biharis for his party. According to media reports, Ritlal is an accused in the assassination of Bhartiya Janata Party leader Satyanarayan Sinha at Jamaluddin chowk near Khagaul. He is also named in several other serious cases like extortion and murder, which includes accusation in assassination of his rival Chunnu Singh at Chhath ghat in Neura and assassination of two railway contractors in a running train near Bakhtiyarpur.
He came into contact with Lalu Prasad, when Ram Kripal Yadav defected from Rashtriya Janata Dal. Yadav was denied party ticket from Pataliputra Lok Sabha constituency, due to the party's decision to nominate Misa Bharti from there. Ritlal supported Misa Bharti in the election going against Ram Kripal Yadav, but she lost. He later joined Rashtriya Janata Dal and Lalu Prasad made him the General Secretary of the party. In 2010, Ritlal surrendered in the court in connection with numerous charges lodged against him and contested the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2010 from the prison. He lost the election of 2010. In 2015 Janata Dal (United), the arch rival of Rashtriya Janata Dal allied with it to take on Bharatiya Janata Party led alliance in Bihar Legislative Assembly Elections of 2015. Lalu could not provide ticket to Yadav from Danapur, hence he violated the party discipline by filing nomination as independent candidate from the same constituency which led to his expulsion from the RJD. He contested the elections to Bihar Legislative Council from within the jail in 2016 and became Member of Legislative Council. In August 2020 he was released from the jail on bail. In 2020 Bihar Assembly Election Rashtriya Janata Dal made Ritlal its candidate from Danapur assembly.
In the 2020 elections to Bihar Assembly, Ritlal faced Asha Devi Sinha, the wife of Satyanarayan Sinha who was allegedly murdered by his men. After the incarceration of Yadav she had been winning Danapur seat for three consecutive terms on the ticket of Bhartiya Janata Party.
# Nigel Davies (chess player)

Nigel Davies (born 31 July 1960) is a Welsh chess Grandmaster, chess coach and writer.
Davies won the British (Under-21) Boys Championship in 1979 and the British Rapidplay Chess Championship in 1987.
In July 2015 Davies transferred his FIDE registration from England to Wales and will become eligible to represent them internationally.

## Books

* Davies, Nigel (1998). The Chess Player's Battle Manual. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-7043-7.
* Davies, Nigel (1998). The Power Chess Program. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-8415-2.
* Davies, Nigel (2002). The Grünfeld Defence. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-239-3.
* Davies, Nigel (2003). The Veresov. Everyman Chess. ISBN 9781857443356.
* Davies, Nigel (2004). The Dynamic Reti. Everyman Chess. ISBN 9781857443523.
* Davies, Nigel (2005). The Trompowsky. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1857443764.
* Davies, Nigel (2008). King's Indian Attack. Hamburg: ChessBase. ISBN 978-3-86681-071-6.
* Davies, Nigel (2008). Starting Out: The Modern. Everyman Chess. ISBN 9781857445664.
* Davies, Nigel (2009). Play the Catalan. Gloucester Publishers plc (formerly Everyman Publishers plc). ISBN 9781857445916.
# Western Indo-Pacific

The Western Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the eastern and central Indian Ocean. It is part of the larger Indo-Pacific, which includes the tropical Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia. The Western Indo-Pacific may be classified as a marine realm, one of the great biogeographic divisions of the world's ocean basins, or as a subrealm of the Indo-Pacific.
The Western Indo-Pacific realm covers the western and central portion of the Indian Ocean, including Africa's east coast, the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Andaman Sea, as well as the coastal waters surrounding Madagascar, the Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarene Islands, Maldives, and Chagos Archipelago.
The transition between the Western Indo-Pacific and Central Indo-Pacific occurs at the Strait of Malacca and in southern Sumatra.
The Western Indo-Pacific does not include the temperate and polar waters of the Indian Ocean, which are part of separate marine realms. The boundary between the Western Indo-Pacific and Temperate Southern Africa marine realms lies in South Africa near the border with Mozambique, where the southernmost mangroves and tropical corals are found.

## Subdivisions

The Western Indo-Pacific is further subdivided into marine provinces, and the marine provinces divided into marine ecoregions:

### Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

* Northern and Central Red Sea
* Southern Red Sea
* Gulf of Aden

### Somali/Arabian

* Persian Gulf
* Gulf of Oman
* Western Arabian Sea
* Central Somali Coast

### Western Indian Ocean

* Northern Monsoon Current Coast
* East African Coral Coast
* Seychelles
* Cargados Carajos/Tromelin Island
* Mascarene Islands
* Southeast Madagascar
* Western and Northern Madagascar
* Bight of Sofala/Swamp Coast
* Delagoa

### West and South Indian Shelf

* Western India
* South India and Sri Lanka

### Central Indian Ocean Islands

* Maldives
* Chagos

### Bay of Bengal

* Eastern India
* Northern Bay of Bengal

### Andaman

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andaman Sea Coral Coast
* Northern Sumatran Coast

### Eastern Indian Ocean

* Western Sumatran Coast
* Sunda Strait
* Java Sea
* Southern Javan Coast
* Flores Sea
* Savu Sea
* Timor Sea
* Western Australian Coast
# Kaim Pollák

Kaim Pollák (Yiddish: חיים בן יעקב פאָללאק, romanized: Ḥayyim ben Yaʿaḳov Polaḳ; October 6, 1835 – March 28, 1905) was a Hungarian writer and educator.

## Biography

Pollák was born to a Jewish family in Liptó-Szent-Miklós, Hungary, where his father was a spice merchant. He received a Talmudic education in his hometown, and later in Presburg and Sátoralja Ujhely. In 1858 he went to Prague, where he attended Rapoport's lectures, and then taught successively at the Jewish schools in Szegzárd, Hód Mezö Vásárhely, and Alt-Ofen. When, in 1870, the Jewish school of the last-named community was made a municipal common school, Pollák was retained in his position, which he continued to hold until his retirement in 1902.
Pollák was a prolific writer, contributing to Ben Chananja [Wikidata], Magyar-Zsidó Szemle [hu], and other Hungarian Jewish journals and yearbooks. He published several textbooks, one of which, a geometry for public schools, passed through eight editions between 1878 and 1905. He also published a complete Hebrew-Hungarian dictionary and translations of various Hebrew works into Hungarian. In 1882 and 1883 Pollák edited the religious journal Jeschurun, directed mainly against the anti-Semitic writings of Rohling.

## Selected publications

* A méterrendszerről (in Hungarian). Pest. 1872.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Természettan népés felsőbb népiskolák számára (in Hungarian). Budapest. 1876.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) With J. Sümeghy.
* Térés alaktan alkalmas feladványokkal a népiskola IV., V. és VI. osztálya, valamint ismétlő-iskolák számára (in Hungarian). Budapest. 1877.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Elemi mértan (in Hungarian). Budapest. 1878.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* A rajztanítás kézikönyve (in Hungarian). Leipzig. 1879.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Translated from a work of F. V. Tretau.
* Héber-magyar teljes szótár / Naḥalat Yaʿakov (in Hungarian and Hebrew). Vol. 1–7. Budapest: Löwy. 1880. A complete Hebrew-Hungarian dictionary.
* Válogatott gyöngyök (in Hungarian). Budapest: Müller. 1886. A Hungarian translation of Mivḥar ha-Peninim by Ibn Gabirol.
* Megillat Antiochus (in Hungarian and Hebrew). Drohobicz. 1886.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) A Hungarian translation with Hebrew notes.
* Tikkun middot ha-nefesh. Budapest: A. Alkalay. 1895. By Ibn Gabirol.
* Izrael népének multjából (in Hungarian). Budapest: Eckstein & Neufeld. 1896.
* Petaḥ Teshuvah. Presburg. 1898.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) By Gabriel Schlossberger.
* Josephinische Aktenstücke über Alt-Ofen (in German). Vienna: M. Waizner & Sohn. 1902.
* Die Erinnerung an die Vorfahren (in German). Vienna. 1902.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) A history of mourning customs.
* Rabbi Nathans System der Ethik und Moral (in German). Budapest: A. Alkalay & Sohn. 1905. On the Avot of Rabbi Natan.
# Fabio Ponzio

Fabio Ponzio (born September 11, 1959) is an Italian documentary photographer, winner of the "Leica Oskar Barnack Award" 1998.

## Biography

Ponzio was born in Milan in 1959. His interest in photography began in 1976, during a trip to the Balkans. He worked for the Italian and international press from 1980 to 1987.
In December 1987, Ponzio embarked on a photographic odyssey around remote parts of Central and Eastern Europe. He photographed Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Albania, traveling by car with a tent, a stove, a sleeping bag, a Leica camera, three Nikon cameras and 100 rolls of film.
In 1989 Ponzio was in Central and Eastern Europe to document the fall of the communist regimes. On June 28, 1989, he was in Kosovo to listen to Slobodan Milošević give the famous Gazimestan speech, which laid out the ideology and programme that would lead to the tragedies of the Yugoslav wars. Following 1989, Ponzio documented "the transition from communism to the consumer free-for-all that followed the first flush of freedom."
In 2003 he travelled to Georgia with a friend, the writer Rocco Carbone [Wikidata]. Thus began a series of trips to the southern Caucasus and Armenia.
In 2007 he was commissioned by MAXXI (Museo Nazionale delle Arti del XXI secolo) in Rome to document the Italian landscape. This project gave rise to a series of travels in Western Europe in 2008, in search of the identity of another Europe.
In 2020, East of Nowhere, a synthesis of twenty-two years of work, was published by Thames & Hudson in the UK and the United States. It was shortlisted for the Aperture's 2020 photobook awards. In 2021, a French-language edition was published by Actes Sud.

## Publications

* East of Nowhere. London: Thames & Hudson, 2020. ISBN 9780500545201. With an introduction by Ponzio and a preface by Herta Müller.
* A l'est de nulle part. Arles: Actes Sud, 2021. ISBN 978-2-330-13311-5.

## Awards

* 1991 – European Kodak Award of Photography, Arles (France)
* 1993 – Mother Jones International Fund for Documentary Photography, San Francisco (CA, United States)
* 1998 – Leica Oskar Barnack Award, Arles (France)
# Porges–Meier reaction

Porges–Meier reaction is a precipitation test used in the diagnosis of syphilis. It is an early flocculation test for syphilis. It is named for Georg Meier and Otto Porges [Wikidata].

## Background

Precipitate formation takes place in a serum by the addition of a solution of sodium glycocholate. This reaction, according to Otto Porges, only occurs in syphilis.
# Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks and Ladyjacks

The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks and Ladyjacks are composed of 16 teams representing Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) in intercollegiate athletics. Stephen F. Austin teams participate in Division I as a member of the Southland Conference (SLC), having rejoined that conference on July 1, 2024 after three years in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). The football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS, formerly known as Division I-AA) for football in the SLC. The only SFA sport not sponsored by the SLC is women's bowling, which competes in Conference USA (CUSA).
On July 1, 2021, SFA was one of five institutions announced as future members of the WAC, alongside three other Southland members from Texas (Abilene Christian, Lamar, Sam Houston) plus Big Sky Conference member Southern Utah. Initially, all five schools were to join in July 2022, but the entry of SFA and the other Texas schools was moved to 2021 after the Southland expelled its departing members. Because the WAC does not sponsor beach volleyball, SFA joined the Atlantic Sun Conference (then officially known as the ASUN Conference) for that sport. After the 2022 season, SFA moved beach volleyball to the Sun Belt Conference.
SFA football played the 2021 and 2022 seasons in a football-only alliance between the WAC and the ASUN. After the 2022 season, the WAC and ASUN fully merged their football leagues under the new identity of United Athletic Conference.
On July 1, 2024, SFA officially rejoined the SLC for all sports except women's bowling, which remains in Conference USA.

## Sports sponsored

| Men's sports | Women's sports |
| Baseball | Basketball |
| Basketball | Beach Volleyball |
| Cross country | Bowling |
| Football | Cross country |
| Golf | Golf |
| Track and field$^†$ | Soccer |
| | Softball |
| | Tennis |
| | Track and field$^†$ |
| | Volleyball |
| † – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor ||

### Bowling

The Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks bowling team won the 2016 NCAA national championship, going to a deciding seventh game in defeating defending national champion Nebraska. The Ladyjacks added their second national title in five seasons in 2019, defeating Vanderbilt by a 4–1 score.
SFA was a member of the single-sport Southland Bowling League from that conference's formation in 2015 until its merger into CUSA after the 2022–23 season.

### Softball

The Ladyjacks softball team has appeared in four Women's College World Series in 1978, 1983, 1985,1986.

## National Championships

Team (3)
* Softball: 1986
* Bowling: 2016
* Bowling: 2019
Individual (5)
* Steve Riza (Men's Tennis - Singles): 1984
* Tom Goles & Chris Langford (Men's Tennis - Doubles): 1985
* Neil Smith (Men's Tennis - Singles): 1986
* Demi Payne (Women's Pole Vault): 2015
* Branson Ellis (Men's Pole Vault): 2021
# Ignatius Abdullah I

Ignatius Abdullah I was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1521 until his death in 1557.

## Biography

Abdullah was born in Qala’at Mara in Tur-Abdin and his father's name was Stephan. He received his education in Mor Hananyo and elected a Patriarch under the name Ignatius Abdullah I in 1521. Two years after he became a Patriarch, he convened a Synod to look into a problem related to the marriages of relatives which was forbidden in the Syriac Orthodox Church. The problem started at Sadad, a village in Syria, but soon it was full blown conflict. The Synod deliberation took more than 2 months to reach an agreement which didn't allow relatives to get married up until the 5th degree. The same Synod decided that each church should have two priest instead of one priest so they can hear the confession of each other. The same resolutions were approved again by Ignatius Abdulmasih I in 1664. Sometime in the late 1540s after he learned about the existence of printing machines in Europe, he sent his student Rabban Muse son of priest Isaac from the village of Qaluq near Mardin. Rabban Muse was a scribe and who later became known a Moses of Mardin. Moosa traveled to him to Rome carrying with him two copies of the Peshitta bible in Syriac to print it in quantities that his faithful needs. After the Maphrian Basil Athanasius Habib died in 1533, he consecrated his student Rabban Elias, son of Shamoun as a new Maphrian of the East. Then after Basil Elias died in 1554, he consecrated the Metropolitan Ni'matallah as Maphrian of the East and in 1556 he ordained Timothy Thomas as bishop of Mardin.

## Death

Ignatius Abdullah died in 1557 after serving the as a patriarch for 36 years and he was buried in Beth Qadisha at Mor Hananyo
# Pumpelly

Pumpelly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## People

* Raphael Pumpelly (1837–1923), American geologist and explorer
* Spencer Pumpelly (born 1974), American race car driver
* Augustus N. Gage, plaintiff in Gage v. Pumpelly [Wikidata]

## Places

* Pumpelly Pillar, in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana
* Pumpelly Glacier, in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana
* Pumpelly Studio, house on the former summer estate of geologist Raphael Pumpelly
# Quaade

Quaade is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Michelle Lauge Quaade (born 1991), Danish cyclist
* Rasmus Quaade (born 1990), Danish cyclist
* George Quaade [Wikidata] (born 1889), Danish painter
# Quadrado

Quadrado is Portuguese for "square". It may refer to:
* Quadrado (dance step) a dance step
* José María Quadrado [Wikidata] (1819–1896), Spanish historian and writer
* Quadrado, the name of the town square in some places, such as Trancoso, Bahia
# Dermot Carlin

Dermot Carlin is a Gaelic footballer for the Killyclogher St Mary's club and the Tyrone county team. He was a member of the squad that won the county's first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2003. In the same year he was part of the Killyclogher team which captured the Tyrone Senior Football Championship for the first time. Carlin was also part of Tyrone's 2001 All-Ireland Minor Championship winning team.
In a very competitive era in Tyrone football, Carlin fought his way back onto the first team lineup by 2007.
He also has a very rich past in underage football, having represented Omagh CBS in the MacRory Cup, reaching the final two years in a row, Dermot was the captain sharing the trophy in 2001, due to the onset of foot-and-mouth disease. Carlin represented the University of Ulster when he was a student there.