# Isabelle M. Germano

Isabelle M. Germano is a neurosurgeon and professor of neurosurgery, neurology, and oncology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital. She is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Germano works with image-guided brain and spine surgery.

## Education

After undergraduate education in Latin and ancient Greek literature, she graduated from the University of Turin Medical School in 1984. Her thesis was in neuro-pathology and she also completed a neurology residency. She completed her surgical internship at the University of California San Francisco and neurosurgery residency at UCSF and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, completing these in 1993. During her residency, she obtained training in epilepsy surgery at the University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland. She also completed a fellowship in epilepsy surgery, stereotactic treatments and movement disorders under André Olivier at Montreal Neurological Institute.

## Career

In 1992, Germano joined the neurosurgery faculty at Mount Sinai, where she worked on developing brain tumors and stereotactic clinical programs. She is the director of the comprehensive tumor program and co-director of the radiosurgery program there. She has worked in the field of image-guided brain and spine surgery. Since cca. 2004, she directed a practical course for neurosurgeons around the world in order to help these technological advances become the standard of care. These technologies are used to perform minimally invasive surgery for patients with brain tumors, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, movement disorders, and spine disease or tumors. She also established a basic science laboratory within the neurosurgery department to focus on brain tumor translational research with particular emphases on gene therapy, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC).
A member of many neurosurgery societies and an author, Germano has served on the executive committee of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), on the board of directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), on the executive committee of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Tumors, as a scientific program member for the AANS, CNS, and the American Epilepsy Society (AES). She was previously president of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS). Germano’s clinical interests include newly diagnosed or recurrent brain and spine tumors, brain mapping and monitoring, gliomas, metastasis, meningiomas, brain and spine radiosurgery, epilepsy surgery, and problems of the cervical and lumbar spine.

## Honors and awards

* 2000 - Best Doctors of New York Hall of Fame
* 2014 - Leksell Radiosurgery Award
* 2022 - became the first woman to chair the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (AANS/CNS) Section on Tumors. She handed over the post to Costas Hadjipanayis at the end of 2024.

## Publications
### Books

* Germano IM (Editor). Advanced Techniques in Image-Guided Brain and Spine Surgery. 2002, Thieme Publishers, New York, NY, pages 233 Library of Congress ISBN 1-58890-067-3
* Germano IM (Editor). LINAC and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Press, Park Ridge, IL, pages 295. Library of Congress ISBN 1879284707
* Germano IM (Editor). Neurosurgery Treatment of Movement Disorders. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Press, Park Ridge, IL, pages 275 Library of Congress ISBN 9781879284586

### Papers

* Web-based pathology assessment in RTOG 98-04.
* Mormone E, D'Souza S, Alexeeva V, Bederson M, Germano IM. "Footprint-free" human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived astrocytes for in vivo cell-based therapy. Stem Cells and Dev [in press 2014]. PMID 24914471
* Douglas AC, Wippold FJ 2nd, Broderick DF, Aiken AH, Amin-Hanjani S, Brown DC, Corey AS, Germano IM, Hadley JA, Jagadeesan BD, Jurgens JS, Kennedy TA, Mechtler LL, Patel ND, Zipfel GJ. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Headache. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014 Jul;11(7):657-67
* Lo SS, Gore EM, Bradley JD, Buatti JM, Germano IM, Ghafoori AP, Henderson MA, Murad GJ, Patchell RA, Patel SH, Robbins JR, Robins HI, Vassil AD, Wippold FJ 2nd, Yunes MJ, Videtic GM. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Pre-Irradiation Evaluation and Management of Brain Metastases. J Palliat Med. 2014 Jun 27.
* Germano IM and Binello E. Stem cells and gliomas: past, present, and future. J Neuro-Oncology [in press, 2014].
* Binello E, Emdad l, Mormone E, Germano IM. Characterization of fenofibrate-mediated anti-proliferative pro-apoptotic effects on high-grade glioma and anti-invasive effects on glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol, 117(2):225-34, 2014. PMID 24493576
* Barthélemy EJ, Benjamin E, Jean-Pierre MY, Poitevien G, Ernst S, Osborn I, Germano IM. A prospective emergency department-based study of pattern and outcome of neurologic and neurosurgical diseases in Haiti. World Neurosurg. Oct 9. S1878-8750(13)01298-9, 2013 PIMD 24121294
* Binello E, Qadeer ZA, Kothari H, Emdad L,Germano IM. Stemness of the CT-2A Immunocompetent Mouse Brain Tumor Model: Characterization in Vitro. Journal of Cancer, 3:166-174, 2012. PMID 22514559
* Binello E, Germano IM. Stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for the treatment of high-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol, 14:256-265, 2012. PMID 22166262
* Emdad L, D'Souza, Qadeer ZA, Kothari HP, Germano IM. Efficient Differentiation of Human Embryonic and induced pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Astrocytes. Stem Cells and Development, 21(3):404-4120, 2012. PMID 21631388
* Patel S, Robbins JR, Gore EM, Bradley JD, Gaspar LE, Germano IM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Follow-up and Retreatment of Brain Metastasis. Am J Clin Oncology, 35(3):302-306, 2012. PMID 22609733
* Binello E and Germano IM. Targeting glioma stem cells: a novel framework for brain tumors. Cancer Sci, 102:1958-1966, 2011. PMID 21848914
* Binello E, Green S, Germano IM. Radiosurgery for high-grade glioma. Surg Neurol Int, 3(S2) 118-126, 2012. PMID 22826815
* Patel S, Robbins JR, Gore EM, Bradley JD, Gaspar LE, Germano IM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Follow-up and Retreatment of Brain Metastasis. Am J Clin Oncology, 2012 Jun;35(3):302-306. PMID 22609733
* Emdad L, Qadeer ZA, Bederson LB, Kothari HP, Uzzaman M, Germano IM. Is there a common upstream link for autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human high-grade gliomas? Neuro-Oncology, 13(7)725-35, 2011. PMID 21727211
* Germano IM, Emdad l, Qader Z, Binello E, Uzzaman M. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) –mediated transgene delivery induces growth suppression, apoptosis, radiosensitization, and overcomes temozolomide resistance in malignant gliomas. Cancer Gene Therapy 17(9):664 – 74, 2010. PMID 20523363.
* Germano IM, Swiss V, Casaccia P. Primary brain Tumors, Neural stem cells, and brain tumor cancer cells: where is the link? Neuropharmacology 58(6):903-10, 2010 PMID 20045420
* Suh JH, Videtic GMM, Aref AM, Germano IM, Goldsmith BJ, Imperato JP, Marcus KJ, McDermott MW, McDonald MW, Patchell R, Robins HI, Rogers CL, Wolfson AH, wippold FJ, Gaspar LP. ACR appropriateness Criteria: Single brain metastasis. Curr Probl Cancer. 34(3):162-74, 2010 PMID 20541055
* Germano IM and Binello E. Gene therapy as an adjuvant treatment of malignant gliomas: from bench to bedside. J Neuro-Oncology 93:79-87, 2009. PMID 19430884
* Binello E, Germano IM. Tonsillary carcinoma after temozolomide treatment for glioblastoma multiforme: treatment-related or dual-pathology? J Neuro-Oncol 94(1): 145-8, 2009. PMID 19199004
* Uzzaman M, Keller G, Germano IM. In vivo Gene Delivery by embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes for malignant gliomas. Neuro-Oncology, 11:102-108 2009. PMID 18676359
* Videtic GMM, Gaspar LE, Aref AM, Germano IM, Goldsmith BJ, Imperato JP, Marcus KJ, McDermott MW, McDonald MW, Patchell RA, Robins HI, Rogers CL, Suh JH, Wolfson AH, Wippold FJ. American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria on multiple brain metastases. J Rad Oncol Biol Physics 75:961-965, 2009. PMID 19857783
* Germano IM, Uzzaman M, Keller G. Gene delivery by embryonic stem cells for malignant glioma therapy: hype or hope? Cancer Biology and Therapy 7(9): 1341-7, 2008. PMID 1879364
* Benzil D, Abosch A, Germano IM, Gilmer Holy, Maraire N, Muraszko K, Pannullo S, Rosseau G, Schwartz L, Todor, R, Ullman J, Zusman E. The future of neurosurgery: a white paper on the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery. J Neurosurgery 109: 367-375, 2008. PMID 18759565
* Uzzaman M, Keller G, Germano IM. Enhanced pro-apoptotic effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on temozolomide-resistant glioma cells. J Neurosurgery 106: 646-651, 2007. PMID 17432717
* Germano IM, Uzzaman M, Benveniste R, Zaurova M, Keller G. Apoptosis in human glioma cells produced using embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). J Neurosurgery 105:88-95, 2006. PMID 16871882
* Uzzaman M, Benveniste R, Keller G,Germano IM. Embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes: novel gene therapy vector for brain tumors. Neurosurgical Focus 19(3) E6, 2005. PMID 16190605
* Benveniste R, Keller G, Germano IM. Embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes expressing drug-inducible transgenes: Differentiation and allotransplantation into the mouse brain. J Neurosurgery 103:115-123,2005. PMID 16121982
* Benveniste R. and Germano IM. Correlation of factors predicting intraoperative brain shift with successful resection of malignant brain tumors using image-guided techniques. Surg Neurol 63:542-549, 2005. PMID 15936381
* Kanzawa T, Zhang L, Xiao L, Germano IM, Kondo Y, Kondo S. Arsenic trioxide induces autophagic cell death in malignant glioma cells by up-regulation of mitochondrial cell death protein BNIP3. Oncogene 24: 980-91, 2005. PMID 15592527
* Germano IM,Gracies JM, Weisz DJ,Tse W,Koller WC, Olanow CW. Unilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease- a double-blind 12-month evaluation study. J Neurosurgery 101:36-42, 2004. PMID 15255249