OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minoru Mochizuki

Minoru Mochizuki (望月 稔, Mochizuki Minoru, April 7, 1907 – May 30, 2003) was a Japanese martial artist who founded the dojo Yoseikan. He was a 10th dan in Aikido, 9th dan in Jujutsu, 8th dan in Iaido, 8th dan in Judo, 8th dan in Kobudo, 5th dan in Kendo, 5th dan in Karate, and a 5th dan in Jojutsu.
Mochizuki was one of the direct students of Judo founder Jigoro Kano, Aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba and Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate.
Believing that the martial arts had become distorted by specialization into separate disciplines or transformed into sports, Mochizuki achievement was to assemble back the major techniques of the Japanese martial tradition into a single structure, as it was once practised. He oversaw the development of the system from his home in Shizuoka, Japan, where his dojo, the Yoseikan, was often visited by martial arts practitioners from all over the world.

## Early life

On April 7, 1907, Mochizuki was born in Shizuoka, Japan. Mochizuki, began by training in kendo at the age of five, at his grandfather's dojo in Shizuoka.

## Career

In 1925, Mochizuki began judo and joined the Kodokan where he became an outstanding competitor. Under the tutelage of Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, as well as the renowned Sanpo Toku, Mochizuki became the youngest member of the Kobudo Kenkyukai – an organization for the study, preservation and development of classical martial arts – established within the Kodokan. Here he practised among others Katori Shinto-ryu. In 1930, he was sent by Jigoro Kano to study aikijujutsu with Morihei Ueshiba. He was the uchideshi of Morihei Ueshiba at the Kobukan dojo for one year before opening his own dojo in Shizuoka City in 1931.
He was awarded two Daito-Ryu scrolls by Ueshiba in June 1932 ("Goshinyo no te" and "Hiden ogi no koto"). He spent eight years in Mongolia where he was an active educator and entrepreneur of projects to improve communications and irrigation. His idea of combating communism with the application of the principles of "mutual welfare and prosperity" and of "the best use of energy" of Jigoro Kano contributed to the development of his region. His irrigation project was completed after the Second World War by the Chinese authorities. Mochizuki was the first to teach aikido in the West when he traveled in France from 1951 to 1953 as a judo teacher. He was the 3rd Aikido Division head of the Kokusai Budoin-International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF Japan) after Ueshiba and Tomiki. He taught at the dojo of Shizuoka until nearly the end of the last millennium and spent the last years of his life in France with his son Hiroo.

## Personal

On May 30, 2003, Minoru Mochizuki died in Aix-en-Provence, France, at the age of 96.
His son, Hiroo Mochizuki, introduced karate in France and founded martial art Yoseikan Budō.
# Lonely Lullaby

"Lonely Lullaby" is a song by American electronica project Owl City from his third studio album All Things Bright and Beautiful (2011). Originally released as a fan club exclusive in March 2011, the song is not included on the album itself. It was released digitally on July 19, 2011 through Universal Republic Records as the third single from All Things Bright and Beautiful.

## Background

The song is a tribute to Annmarie Monson, an ex-girlfriend of Young's, who he describes as the "most wonderful, beautiful woman" he knew. He stated that the track was a lot more "personal" to him.
   "A lot of my songs are written purely from the imagination and some have no representation of my personal life, but 'Lonely Lullaby' was the first song I wrote almost entirely about something as personal as a romantic relationship... The song is, in fact, so personal, it almost hurts to listen to it now that such a perfect relationship has come to an end. I wasn't sure if I had something as 'genuine and pure' inside of me but the song basically wrote itself and I'm proud of it.

## Composition

"Lonely Lullaby" is a melancholy-influenced piano ballad written and produced by Adam Young of Owl City. According to the digital sheet music published by Universal Music Publishing Group, the song was originally composed in the key of F♯ major and set in common time to a "flowing" tempo of 67, slowing down to 57,5 BPM at the end. "Lonely Lullaby" follows a chord progression of C♯ – G♯m – F♯ – C♯ – B – F♯ and Young's vocals span from a low note of C♯$_3$ to a high note of B$_4$.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Lonely Lullaby" :
| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| South Korea (GAON) (International Chart) | 136 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 12 |
| US Pop Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 41 |
# 1988 World Sambo Championships

The 1988 World Sambo Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in December 1988. Championships were organized by FIAS. There were 65 participants from 11 countries: USSR, Mongolia, Bulgaria, USA, France, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, Israel, Canada, and Spain.

## Medal overview

| men | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| -48 kg | Ceyhun Məmmədov (URS)$^{AZE}$ | Dimitar Dimitrov (BUL) | Ochirbat Tsogtgerel (MGL) |
| -52 kg | Gurgen Tutkhalyan (URS)$^{ARM}$ | D. Bayaraa (MGL) | T. Takeuchi (JPN) |
| -57 kg | Anton Novikov (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Nikolai Gushmakov (BUL) | Khaltmaagiin Battulga (MGL) |
| -62 kg | Gagik Ghazaryan (URS)$^{ARM}$ | Clinton Burke (USA) | Dashgombyn Battulga (MGL) |
| -68 kg | Evgeniy Yesin (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Alberto Niet (ESP)o | Ivan Netov (BUL) |
| -74 kg | Vasily Shvaya (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Boyko Nikolov (BUL) | Matt Vondrasek (USA) |
| -82 kg | Hussein Khaibulaev (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Didier Duru (FRA) | Ivo Nenkov (BUL) |
| -90 kg | Tagir Abdulayev (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Ron Tripp (USA) | Tadatomi Ida (JPN) |
| -100 kg | Vladimir Gurin (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Giorgio D'Alessandro (ITA) | D. Geiger (FRA) |
| +100 kg | Vladimir Shkalov (URS)$^{RUS}$ | Mark Berger (CAN) | Mincho Petkov (BUL) |
# Scelle Affair

The Scelle Affair was a controversy in French education surrounding the appointment of Professor Georges Scelle from the University of Burgundy to a chair at the Faculty of Law of Paris in March 1925.

## History
### February

In February 1925, Georges Scelle was proposed to teach a public international law course at the Faculty of Law of Paris. However, he was second to Louis Le Fur, a professor at the Faculty of Law of Rennes, in seniority. The Minister of Public Instruction and Radical François Albert bypassed the usual hierarchy, appointing Scelle by decree contrary to faculty recommendations. This sparked protests from his legal peers and the Action Française Students Federation, who decried favoritism and began demonstrations in the Latin Quarter and beyond. Suspicions arose from Scelle's role as Chief of Staff for the Minister of Labor, Justin Godart, at the time. Gaston Jèze was among the few legal scholars to defend Scelle's promotion.

### March

On March 9, students disrupted Scelle's inaugural lecture by breaking into the amphitheater and causing disturbances. Clashes between students and police led to the suspension of Scelle's lectures for 20 days.
Despite attempts to reschedule, it was officially announced on March 23 that Scelle's next lecture would occur on March 28.
On March 26, Georges Calzant, Secretary General of the Fédération nationale des étudiants d'Action française, urged his supporters to prevent the lecture at all costs.
On March 28, large-scale protests blocked Scelle's lecture and triggered parliamentary debates in the French National Assembly. Further clashes between students and police ensued.
On March 30, the Minister of Public Instruction suspended Dean Henri Berthélemy and closed the law faculty.

### April

On April 3, 15,000 students protested in the Latin Quarter. The student strike spread to cities including Lyon, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Marseille, Rouen, Rennes, Montpellier, Nantes, Limoges, Strasbourg, Poitiers, Grenoble, Algiers, Clermont-Ferrand, Angers, Lille, and Nancy.
In response to mounting pressure from student associations, Scelle was dismissed on April 11, 1925. Louis Le Fur was ultimately appointed on July 10, 1925.
On April 20, the faculty reopened, and the dean was greeted with acclaim.
# ISO 3166-2:NE

ISO 3166-2:NE is the entry for Niger in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently for Niger, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for one urban community and seven regions. The urban community Niamey is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the regions.
Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is NE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Niger. The second part is a digit:
* 1–7: regions
* 8: urban community

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).
Click on the button in the header to sort each column.
| Code | Subdivision name (fr) | Subdivision category |
| NE-1 | Agadez | region |
| NE-2 | Diffa | region |
| NE-3 | Dosso | region |
| NE-4 | Maradi | region |
| NE-8 | Niamey | urban community |
| NE-5 | Tahoua | region |
| NE-6 | Tillabéri | region |
| NE-7 | Zinder | region |
# Masaru Arai

Minor planets discovered: 45 :
* see § List of discovered minor planets
Masaru Arai (新井 優, Arai Masaru, born 1952) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets.
He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 45 minor planets during 1988–1991, all in collaboration with astronomer Hiroshi Mori. On 5 January 1991, he has also discovered Comet Arai, C/1991 A2.
The main-belt asteroid 21082 Araimasaru, discovered by Tsutomu Hioki and Shuji Hayakawa at Okutama in 1991, was named in his honor. Naming citation was published on 6 January 2003 (M.P.C. 47301).

## List of discovered minor planets

| 3823 Yorii | 10 March 1988 | list |
| 3996 Fugaku | 5 December 1988 | list |
| 4262 DeVorkin | 5 February 1989 | list |
| 4291 Kodaihasu | 2 November 1989 | list |
| 4495 Dassanowsky | 6 November 1988 | list |
| 4901 Ó Briain | 3 November 1988 | list |
| (5732) 1988 WC | 29 November 1988 | list |
| (5746) 1991 CK | 5 February 1991 | list |
| (5913) 1990 BU | 21 January 1990 | list |
| 6299 Reizoutoyoko | 5 December 1988 | list |
| (6325) 1991 EA1 | 14 March 1991 | list |
| 6380 Gardel | 10 February 1988 | list |
| (6638) 1989 CA | 2 February 1989 | list |
| (6703) 1988 CH | 10 February 1988 | list |
| (6704) 1988 CJ | 10 February 1988 | list |
| 6709 Hiromiyuki | 2 February 1989 | list |
| (6823) 1988 ED1 | 12 March 1988 | list |
| (6900) 1988 XD1 | 2 December 1988 | list |
| (7409) 1990 BS | 21 January 1990 | list |
| (7417) 1990 YE | 19 December 1990 | list |
| (7522) 1991 AJ | 9 January 1991 | list |
| (7570) 1989 CP | 5 February 1989 | list |
| (7576) 1990 BN | 21 January 1990 | list |
| (7643) 1988 VQ$_1$ | 6 November 1988 | list |
| (8484) 1988 VM$_2$ | 10 November 1988 | list |
| (8506) 1991 CN | 5 February 1991 | list |
| (9952) 1991 AK | 9 January 1991 | list |
| 10776 Musashitomiyo | 12 February 1991 | list |
| (11038) 1989 EE$_1$ | 8 March 1989 | list |
| 11515 Oshijyo | 12 February 1991 | list |
| (12255) 1988 XR$_1$ | 7 December 1988 | list |
| 13017 Owakenoomi | 18 March 1988 | list |
| (15737) 1991 CL | 5 February 1991 | list |
| (16431) 1988 VH$_1$ | 6 November 1988 | list |
| (16432) 1988 VL$_2$ | 10 November 1988 | list |
| (16526) 1991 DC | 17 February 1991 | list |
| (19979) 1989 VJ | 2 November 1989 | list |
| (20001) 1991 CM | 5 February 1991 | list |
| (21017) 1988 VP | 3 November 1988 | list |
| (23479) 1991 CG | 5 February 1991 | list |
| (39537) 1990 VV$_2$ | 12 November 1990 | list |
| (43773) 1989 AJ | 4 January 1989 | list |
| (48436) 1989 VK | 2 November 1989 | list |
| (52269) 1988 CU | 13 February 1988 | list |
| (65677) 1989 EB$_1$ | 1 March 1989 | list |
| Co-discovery made with: $^A$ H. Mori |||
# Charity of William Hobbayne

The Charity of William Hobbayne is a charity for the relief of people in Ealing and Hanwell who are in conditions of need, hardship or distress.

## History

The Charity of William Hobbayne was set up in Hanwell in 1484 when local resident William Hobbayne or Hobbyns bequeathed 22 acres of land and a house valued at £6 per year to be used in benefit for the poor for so-called "godly purposes". This donation also helped at the time to educate and clothe twenty-four boys of the parish free of charge at the school of Greenford Magna. The Charity of William Hobbayne or Hobbayne's Charity then became the most important charity in that parish.
The Charity has records going back to 1612 which are lodged with the London Metropolitan Archive. William Hobbayne's will was lost within a century of his death. A search carried out in 1804 failed to find the will. According to an Inquisition held on 3 April 1612:
   At Court held for Manor of Greenford and Hanwell on 6 May 1573, it is recorded that William Hobbayne surrendered to "godly uses"; the admission at various times of feoffees to hold the lands to the use and behoof of the parishioners of Hanwell, to maintain the church there and relieve the poor of the same parish.

## Governance

Hobbayne's Charity is registered with the Charity Commission as Charity Number: 211547. It has 12 trustees. The Rector of St Mary's church in Hanwell is automatically (ex officio) appointed as the charity's Chair.

## Award

In 2022, the Charity of William Hobbayne received the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service.
# Aamir Ageeb

Amir Ageeb or Aamir Ageeb (c. 1968 or 1969 – 28 May 1999) was a Sudanese who was killed while resisting deportation from Germany, leading to a lawsuit against the involved officers.
At Frankfurt Airport, Ageeb physically resisted the three Bundesgrenzschutz officers who escorted him onto Lufthansa Flight 588 travelling to Sudan on 28 May 1999. They restrained him with several ropes, handcuffs and bands; put a helmet on his head; leaned on his chest; and pushed his head between his knees, apparently all in accordance with procedures in use at the time. Ageeb suffocated and was found to be dead shortly after the aircraft took off.
The three officers were charged with voluntary manslaughter (German: Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge, literally 'bodily harm with fatality') and found responsible for the death. Instead of the minimum sentence of one year, Judge Heinrik Gehrke imposed nine months probation, in order to avoid the officers losing their right to work in civil service. with a fine paid to the family of Aamir Ageeb of €2,000 each. Gehrke criticised the policies of the asylum policy, comparing treatment of asylum seekers to that of the inmates at Abu Ghraib prison.
As a result, deportation procedures for Bundesgrenzschutz officers were changed, different helmets used, and deportations became more frequently suspended, especially in cases of violent resistance.
The incident contributed to protests against Lufthansa's role in air deportations.
# Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries

On 13 April 2024 Iran seized MSC Aries, a Portuguese-registered and Madeira-flagged container ship owned by Gortal Shipping and leased to Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). The ship, with a crew of 25 people, was boarded by Iranian commandos in the Strait of Hormuz, within international waters off the coast of the United Arab Emirates, and taken to Iranian waters, effectively imprisoning the crew.
The United States, United Kingdom, and Portugal (where the ship is registered) called for the ship's release immediately afterwards. On 3 May, Iran released the crew, but retained control of the vessel.

## Background

Since 2019 Iran has engaged in heightened naval action against European, American and Israeli shipping, persistently attacking various vessels and seizing ships amidst political issues, dubbed "piracy" by Israeli outlets in 2023. The event occurred during an escalation between Iran and Israel during the proxy war between Israel and Iran and Hamas. United States president Joe Biden warned Iran not to escalate the situation in the week preceding the incident.

## MSC Aries

MSC Aries is a container ship built in 2020. As of 2024 the ship is Portuguese-registered and Madeira-flagged. She has a length of 366 metres (1,200 ft 9 in) and a beam of 51 metres (167 ft 4 in). It has a 149,525 gross tonnage (GT) and a summer tonnage of 158,097 tons deadweight (DWT). The ship is leased by MSC from Gortal Shipping, an affiliate of Zodiac Maritime, with MSC directing the ship's activities.

## Events

On the morning of 13 April 2024, Iran's Revolutionary Guards boarded and took control of MSC Aries via helicopter, claiming that it had violated maritime law. The seizure of the ship occurred in international waters near the UAE coast. The Israeli foreign minister called the Iranian action an act of international piracy, in alignment with international law. The Iranian military subsequently took the ship and its crew to Iranian waters. The 25 crew members onboard comprised 17 Indians, four Filipinos, two Pakistanis, one Russian and one Estonian national.
On 27 April, the Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian announced that the 24 remaining crew of MSC Aries being held were given access to their respective consulates, and would be released. On 3 May, he announced that the crew was released, but the vessel remained under the control of Iran.

## Reactions

Following the incident, the Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz called on the European Union to sanction the IRGC. Joe Biden shortened his vacation and returned to the White House for "security consultations," and defence secretary Lloyd Austin called the Israeli defence minister, Yoav Gallant, and said Israel can rely on the United States. On 18 April, 16 shipping associations sent a joint letter to the United Nations requesting every effort to release the captive crew of MSC Aries, and for "enhanced military presence, missions and patrols in the region to protect seafarers".
# Highland, Vanderburgh County, Indiana

Highland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Center Township, Vanderburgh County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 4,489 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,107 people, 1,498 households, and 1,237 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,785.3 inhabitants per square mile (689.3/km$^2$). There were 1,532 housing units at an average density of 666.0 units per square mile (257.1 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.32% White, 0.80% African American, 1.17% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.
There were 1,498 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.6% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.4% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $69,975, and the median income for a family was $73,356. Males had a median income of $50,685 versus $31,645 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $36,716. None of the families and 0.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 5.5% of those over 64.
# Evana Manandhar

Evana Manandhar (Nepali: इभाना मानन्धर; born 25 April 1991) is a Nepalese businesswoman, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. She was awarded the title of Miss Nepal World 2015 and represented Nepal in Miss World 2015. Manandhar's predecessor to the crown was Subin Limbu.

## Education

Manandhar gave her S.L.C (secondary board) from Shuvatara School. She also holds a bachelor's degree in business administration from Wilkes University, USA.

## Awards

Manandhar received the Dean's Excellence Award in Marketing and the International Student of the Year Award.
# Ricky Van Veen

Richard Rafael Van Veen (born December 14, 1980) is an American entrepreneur and the Head of Global Creative Strategy at Facebook. Van Veen co-founded the comedy brand and humor website CollegeHumor and the video sharing website Vimeo. He was also CEO of Notional, a television production company spun out of CollegeHumor.

## Early life and education

Born in Lutherville-Timonium, Maryland, Van Veen is the son of Helen and Richard Van Veen. He graduated from Wake Forest University with a degree in management and information systems in 2003.

## Career

Van Veen created CollegeHumor as a student at Wake Forest University. Van Veen's site was earning between $10–15 million a year before the partners sold a controlling stake to IAC/InterActiveCorp. He is also one of the principal owners and founders of Connected Ventures, a company formed around CollegeHumor that included Vimeo and BustedTees.
He made appearances in several CollegeHumor video series, such as Jake and Amir and Hardly Working, and the former MTV program The CollegeHumor Show.
In July 2009, Van Veen was announced to be the CEO of the new production company, Notional, which would be producing material for the traditional media of television. One of Notional's most noteworthy TV shows is Chopped on the Food Network. Van Veen would be mentored by Barry Diller, who is the chairman and senior executive of IAC/InterActiveCorp.
Van Veen also co-founded product company Scroll Commerce in 2015, where he would invent products designed to sell online, including the popular "Homesick Candle." The company was later acquired by BuzzFeed to be the foundation of its new Product Labs division.

## Personal life

Van Veen married actress Allison Williams in September 2015. On June 27, 2019, Van Veen and Williams issued a joint statement announcing their divorce.
On July 11, 2021, Van Veen married Caroline Kassie.