OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Shipley

David Julian Shipley (born June 10, 1963) is an American journalist and book author. He was the executive editor of The New Republic from 1992 to 1995, worked at The New York Times from 1998 to 2010 (serving as the editorial page's editor from 2007 to 2010), was executive editor of Bloomberg View (also known as Bloomberg Opinion) from 2011 to 2022, and served as editorial page editor at The Washington Post from 2022 to 2025.

## Life and career

Shipley graduated with a bachelor's degree in English from Williams College. In 1986, he worked as an editorial assistant at Simon & Schuster in New York City.
In 1990, Shipley worked as an assigning editor for the Op-Ed page at The New York Times. From 1993 to 1995, he was the executive editor of The New Republic.
From 1995 to 1997, Shipley served in the Clinton administration as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Presidential Speechwriter.
After, from 1998 to 1999, Shipley worked as a deputy editor of The New York Times Magazine's Millennium Project, later becoming a senior editor for the magazine from 1999 to 2000.
In 2003, Shipley became an Op-Ed page editor for The New York Times' Opinions section. He was later promoted to the section's editorial page editor in 2007. That same year, he co-wrote, with Will Schwalbe, the book Send: The Essential Guide to Email for Office and Home (republished under the title Send: Why People Email So Badly and How To Do It Better), published by Alfred A., Knopf.
Shipley is a former executive editor of Bloomberg View, where he oversaw its editorial page and its associated columnists and op-ed contributors. He was chosen for this position in December 2010 and jointly launched Bloomberg View with James P. Rubin in May 2011.
In July 2022, Shipley became The Washington Post's editorial page editor, overseeing the newspaper's Opinions section. He succeeded Fred Hiatt, who died from cardiac arrest in December 2021.
In February 2025, Shipley parted ways with The Washington Post after its owner, Jeff Bezos, discussed an intention to prohibit, on the editorial page and opinions section, viewpoints opposing the pillars of "personal liberties and free markets".

## Personal life

Shipley married Naomi Wolf in 1993. The couple had two children: a son and a daughter. Shipley and Wolf divorced in 2005.
# Franklin Leonard

Franklin Leonard is an American film producer. He created the Black List in 2004, an annual publication that ranks unproduced screenplays. He served as a development executive for Will Smith's Overbrook Entertainment from 2010 to 2012, having previously served as Director of Development and Production at Universal Pictures from 2008 to 2010. In 2012, he began serving as an advisor for BoomGen Studios, as well as for Plympton, Inc. the following year. In 2017, he began serving as a board member for the art education non-profit Young Storytellers.

## Career

After graduating magna cum laude from Harvard University in 2000 in social studies, Leonard began his career as the communications director for John Cranley's campaign for the United States House of Representatives in Ohio's first district. He went on to work as a columnist for the Trinidad Guardian, an analyst for McKinsey & Company, and an assistant for Creative Artists Agency.
Beginning in 2004, Leonard worked as a development executive for John Goldwyn Productions, Appian Way Productions, and Mirage Entertainment. While working at Appian Way in 2005, he came up with the concept behind "The Black List," forwarding a spreadsheet to seventy-five fellow producers to collect the names of well-known but unproduced screenplays. Soon successful, The Black List was adapted into a website and has provided over two hundred screenplays which later became feature films.
Leonard went on to become one of the youngest executives at Universal Pictures, serving as director of Development and Production. Two years later, he was vice president of Creative Affairs at Will Smith's production company, Overbrook Entertainment. Leonard shared the title with Smith's brother-in-law Caleeb Pinkett, and left the company after two years.
Besides his full-time work on The Black List, Leonard is currently an adviser to Plympton, a literary studio that specializes in serialized fiction, and BoomGen Studios, where he assisted in developing the transmedia graphic novel 1001. He is also a judge for the Afrinolly Short Film Competition; Africa's short film competition with a $25,000 first place cash prize. He currently serves on the board of directors for Young Storytellers, an arts education nonprofit organization.
Franklin is also an executive producer of the film Come as You Are, distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films.
# Banks Turner

Banks Pearson Turner (September 14, 1889 – January 11, 1953) was a Democratic member of the Tennessee General Assembly for Gibson, Tennessee. He is best remembered for action taken to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment during his first term in the legislature. Turner was one of two state House members who changed his previous inclination to vote from a no to a yes in August 1920, thus ensuring the passage (and ratification) of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution.

## Childhood and Education

Turner attended Castle Heights Military Academy and Vanderbilt Law School and received his law degree from YMCA Law School in Nashville, TN.

## 19th Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment, regarding Women's suffrage, was proposed by Congress on June 4, 1919. The amendment could not become law without the ratification of a minimum thirty-six of the forty-eight states. By the summer of 1920, thirty-five of the forty-eight states had ratified the amendment, with a further four states called upon to hold legislative voting sessions on the issue. Three of those states refused to call special sessions, but Tennessee agreed to do so. This session was called to meet in August 1920. After much debating and argument, the result of the vote was 48:48. Two pivotal votes broke the tie: that of Turner and Harry T. Burn. Their two votes broke the tie in favor of ratifying the amendment.
Turner was a professed opponent of ratification. Two votes were called for tabling the motion, and Turner voted against both votes. Notably, rather than simply voting "Nay" as the other opponents had, Turner said, “I wish to be recorded as against the motion to table.” It is thought that pressure from the Democratic governors of Tennessee and Ohio, likely also influenced by Woodrow Wilson, caused Turner to vote against his inclinations towards his local constituency. Democrats felt that the Nineteenth Amendment was good for them nationally, so Turner was supporting the will of his party. After the two failed votes to table the motion, a vote was called to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. Turner voted in favor. As the clerk called “Turner,” he arose once again and shouted “Aye.” The resolution had carried by a vote of 49 to 47.

## Public career

Turner was an attorney in Gibson County. He moved to Nashville in 1923 and was a corporation clerk in the Office of the Secretary of State. He returned to Gibson County in 1937 to practice law in Trenton, TN. He was a magistrate of the Gibson County Court for several years before his death.

## Personal life

He married Ivie Dorothy McGee (1892-1989). Turner died on January 11th, 1953. He was a Scottish Rite Mason and member of the Presbyterian Church. He enjoyed farming in later life in the Nebo community.
# Irena Stankiewicz

Irena Stankiewicz (February 28, 1925 in Puławy) is a Polish graphic artist.
She was born as the daughter of the captain of combat engineers Aleksander Stankiewicz (1899–1930) and Stanisława Piszczkowska (1899–1979). She and her family moved to Warsaw. Since the untimely death of her father the six years old Irene lived in the village Korytnica in the Węgrów district with her relative Maria Holder-Eggerowa, owner of Korytnica property, but her mother remained in Warsaw. In Korytnica she attended the primary school, and from 1938 she moved to the Sisters of Nazareth High School in Warsaw. The period of the Second World War she spent in Korytnica, continuing her studies and participating in the underground Polish Home Army. In 2009, she was elected an honorary citizen of Korytnica parish.
After the war she began her studies at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw, and then studied at the Graphics Department of the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, graduating in 1953. She worked in the years 1952 to 1960 with the “Czytelnik” publishing house, and since 1970 with the "Nasza Księgarnia". Since 1958 she was employed as a lecturer at her Academy.
She became winner of many awards. Irena Stankiewicz deals mainly with woodcuts and linocuts.
As the most important work of Irena Stankiewicz is considered the woodcut “Matka Boska Akowska” (The Virgin Mary of the Home Army soldiers) which earned 1981 the first prize in London art competition "Home Army in art". This woodcut image has been repeated many times in the form of metalwork and stained glass windows throughout the country.
# Hannah Johnson

Hannah Johnson may refer to:
* Hannah Johnson Carter, American educator
* Hannah Johnson Howell, American librarian
* Hannah Johnson, American soccer player
# Věra Kotasová

Věra Kotasová (28 May 1939 - 20 April 2019) was a Czech painter and printmaker.
Born in Přerov, Kotasová studied at Palacký University Olomouc from 1957 until 1961; she then joined the institution's faculty, teaching there for many years. Her work is represented in the collection of the National Gallery of Art.
# Deathmaker

Deathmaker (German: Der Totmacher) is a 1995 German film directed by Romuald Karmakar and starring Götz George, Jürgen Hentsch and Pierre Franckh. The film is based on the transcripts of the interrogation of the notorious serial killer Fritz Haarmann.
The film received several awards and nominations. The film was awarded the Deutscher Filmpreis Best Feature Film, Deutscher Filmpreis Best Direction and Deutscher Filmpreis Best Actor in 1996. Götz George also won the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival for his role. It was chosen as Germany's official submission to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination.

## Cast

* Götz George - Fritz Haarmann
* Jürgen Hentsch - Prof. Dr. Ernst Schultze
* Pierre Franckh - Stenograph
* Hans-Michael Rehberg - Kommissar Rätz
* Matthias Fuchs - Dr. Machnik
* Marek Harloff - Fürsorgezögling Kress
# Riaz Shahid

Riaz Shahid (1927 – 1 October 1972) was a Pakistani filmmaker, film writer, and a journalist.

## Early life and career

Riaz Shahid was born in 1927 in Quetta, British India. He belonged to an ethnic Kashmiri family. He was the father of a famous Pakistani film star Shaan Shahid. Shaan was only one year old, when his father died. His real name was Sheikh Riaz, but was called by his nickname Shahid. He was educated at Islamia College, Lahore, Pakistan. Riaz lived in Lahore where he started his career as a journalist for the newspaper Chataan and later joined Faiz Ahmed Faiz's Lail-o-Nihar. He also wrote a novel named Hazar Dastaan.
Riaz Shahid was introduced as a story and dialogue writer to the Pakistani film industry by his friend, actor Allauddin, in film Bharosa (1958). In 1962, Riaz started his film career as a director for the film Susraal (1962 film). Collaborating with the noted progressive poet, Habib Jalib, he went on to write or direct several films like Zarqa (1969), Shaheed (1962), Farangi (1964), Khamosh Raho (1964) and Yeh Aman (1971).
Riaz Shahid was married to then famous actress Neelo and had three children. The first child was a daughter and was named Zarqa followed by two sons Shaan (actor), who is now a well-known Pakistani film actor and Sarosh, who also worked in a couple of Pakistani movies.

## Death and legacy

Riaz Shahid died of leukemia on 1 October 1972 at Lahore, Pakistan.
A noted Pakistani film actress and director Sangeeta is quoted as saying, "Riaz Shahid was a visionary. Whatever is happening in Kashmir today, he showed it well in the 60s. He was the top director of his period and we should be proud that such people were once a part of our industry".
Another film producer Choudhry Ejaz Kamran reportedly said, "Riaz Shahid stood out for not just his craft but his contribution to meaningful cinema. Cinema that was both political and imppressive. Shahid directed super hit films that are now considered guide books for upcoming film-makers. While he dabbed into a variety of genres, he always preferred to do films based on serious and revolutionary ideas".

## Filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1958 | Bharosa |
| 1959 | Neend |
| 1960 | Clerk |
| 1960 | Susral |
| 1962 | Shaheed |
| 1964 | Khamosh Raho |
| 1964 | Farangi |
| 1966 | Aag Ka Darya |
| 1966 | Badnaam |
| 1969 | Zarqa |
| 1971 | Gharnata |
| 1971 | Yeh Aman |
| 1974 | Bahisht |
| 1978 | Haider Ali |

## Awards and recognition
### Nigar Awards
#### Best Script Writer

* Neend (1959)
* Shaheed (1961)
* Khamosh Raho (1964)
* Zarqa (1969)
* Bahisht (1974)
* Haider Ali (1978)

#### Best Dialogues/Screenplay

* Shaheed (1961)
* Shikwa (1963)
* Firangi (1964)
* Yeh Aman (1971)
* Bahisht (1974)

#### Best Director

* Zarqa (1969)
# Virendra Yadav

Bhai Virendra Yadav (born 3 May 1961) is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Maner in 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. Currently he is serving as a Main spokesman of Bihar RJD Party. Virendra was interested to contest from Patliputra in 2019 Lok Sabha election but he was opposed by Tej Pratap Yadav, as latter's elder sister Misa Bharti was contesting from that seat in 2019.
He is currently the chairman of Public account committee (PAC), Bihar Vidhan Sabha.
# Fereydun Gole

Fereydun Gole (Persian: فریدون گُله; also spelled Fereydoun Goleh) (7 September 1940 – 22 October 2005) was an Iranian screenwriter, film director, and film editor. He was active in producing urban drama films throughout the 1970s, dealing with such issues as the social stratification of Tehran. His most famous film was Beehive. After he died in 2005, the 2006 documentary film Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution was dedicated to him.

## Filmography

* The Night of the Angels (1968)
* Blue World (1969)
* Vahshi-e jangal (1971)
* Impious (1972)
* The Dagger (1972)
* Mashti Mamdali's Car (1974) - Writer
* Under the Skin of the Night (1974)
* The Mandrake (1975)
* Beehive (1975)
* Honeymoon (1976)
# Calcium sulfide

Calcium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula CaS. This white material crystallizes in cubes like rock salt. CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization. Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour of H$_2$S, which results from small amount of this gas formed by hydrolysis of the salt.
In terms of its atomic structure, CaS crystallizes in the same motif as sodium chloride indicating that the bonding in this material is highly ionic. The high melting point is also consistent with its description as an ionic solid. In the crystal, each S$^{2−}$ ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six Ca$^{2+}$ ions, and complementarily, each Ca$^{2+}$ ion surrounded by six S$^{2−}$ ions.

## Production

CaS is produced by carbothermic reduction of calcium sulfate, which entails the conversion of carbon, usually as charcoal, to carbon dioxide:
    CaSO$_4$ + 2 C → CaS + 2 CO$_2$
and can react further:
    3 CaSO$_4$ + CaS → 4 CaO + 4 SO$_2$
In the second reaction the sulfate (+6 oxidation state) oxidizes the sulfide (-2 oxidation state) to sulfur dioxide (+4 oxidation state), while it is being reduced to sulfur dioxide itself (+4 oxidation state).
CaS is also a byproduct in the Leblanc process, a once major industrial process for producing sodium carbonate. In that process sodium sulfide reacts with calcium carbonate:
    Na$_2$S + CaCO$_3$ → CaS + Na$_2$CO$_3$
Millions of tons of this calcium sulfide byproduct was discarded, causing extensive pollution and controversy.
Milk of lime, Ca(OH)$_2$, reacts with elemental sulfur to give a "lime-sulfur", which has been used as an insecticide. The active ingredient is probably a calcium polysulfide, not CaS.

## Reactivity and uses

Calcium sulfide decomposes upon contact with water, including moist air, giving a mixture of Ca(SH)$_2$, Ca(OH)$_2$, and Ca(SH)(OH).
    CaS + H$_2$O → Ca(SH)(OH)
    Ca(SH)(OH) + H$_2$O → Ca(OH)$_2$ + H$_2$S
It reacts with acids such as hydrochloric acid to release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas.
    CaS + 2 HCl → CaCl$_2$ + H$_2$S
Calcium sulfide is phosphorescent, and will glow a blood red for up to an hour after a light source is removed.
As a noxious byproduct of the Leblanc process, it can be converted to calcium carbonate and hydrogen sulfide, the latter of which can be used as a sulfur source for the lead chamber process to produce the sulfuric acid necessary for the Leblanc process:
    CaS(s) + CO$_2$(g) + H$_2$O(l) → CaCO$_3$(s) + H$_2$S(g)

## Natural occurrence

Oldhamite is the name for mineralogical form of CaS. It is a rare component of some meteorites and has scientific importance in solar nebula research. Burning of coal dumps can also produce the compound.
# Hanna Jessen

Hanna Jessen (born 29 June 1907 in Kristiania, died 11 October 1973 in Oslo) was a Norwegian sculptor, lecturer and non-fiction author.

## Early life and education

Hanna Jessen was the daughter of engineer Christian Jessen and Olga Jessen (born Corneliussen). Jessen studied sculptor with Torbjørn Alvsåker, Wilhelm Rasmussen, Antoine Bourdelle and Ossip Zadkine as teachers. She also spent some time studying in the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts.

## Career

In 1934, the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design purchased the bronze bust Helene. This was a work Jessen had completed the year before, and it was purchased for funds from Benneche's endowment.
In 1950, she showed three works at "The Official Finnish Exhibition" in Oslo: Liv, which belonged to Larvik, as well as Synnøve (a portrait in soapstone of the textile artist Synnøve Anker Aurdal), a sculpture in soapstone, and Piken med blokfløyten, which was carved in granite.
A child's portrait in bronze from 1954, titled Piken med fuglen was installed in Schous plass in Oslo. Piken med fuglen was a testementary gift to the city from Liv Skavlan Reiss. In Oslo, there is also the bronze sculpture Barn som lærer å gå (1962); this work was placed at the base of a pool in the Ditten complex in Akersgata 55. Selvaagbygg A/S donated a soapstone sculpture by Jessen to be placed at the intersection of Veitvetveien/Grevlingveien in Veitvet; the motif is a mother holding her small child.
Among other works by Jessen is a portrait bust of her sculptor colleague Emma Matthiasen, and a portrait of the singer Gudrun Grave Nordlund (1956). A sculpture of a girl in bronze is located in a flower bed in Herregården in Larvik, and both Askim and Haugesund municipalities own examples of her bronze sculpture Fløytespilleren.
She has made several war memorials, including the three metre high memorial at Nyborg kirke in Nyborg i Åsane. The memorial has reliefs in a variant of dragestil among its motifs.
Jessen was elected to the supervisory board of Kunstnernes Hus in Oslo, as a representative of sculptors, in 1952/1953/1954. She was re-elected to the supervisory board in 1967/1968/1969, and again in 1970/1971/1972. She was again reelected in 1973/1974/1975, but died in 1973.
In 1955, Jessen was one of the winners in a competition to design a memorial for the actress Johanne Dybwad.

## Teaching work

Jessen spent many years as a private sculpture teacher, before becoming senior lecturer at Statens Håndverks- og Kunstindustriskole. She worked at the school until her death in 1973.

## Writing

In 1960, Jessen published the book Modellering som hobby : forming i leire, brenning og gipsstøping, stein og tre from Fabritius publishing
# Yiliang County, Kunming

Yiliang County (Chinese: 宜良县; pinyin: Yíliáng Xiàn) is a county, under the jurisdiction of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, China.

## Administrative divisions

* Kuangyuan Town (匡远镇)
* Beigucheng Town (北古城镇)
* Tangchi Town (汤池镇)
* Goujie Town (狗街镇)
* Gengjiaying Yi Nationality & Miao Nationality Village (耿家营彝族苗族乡)
* Jiuxiang Yi Nationality & Hui Nationality Village (九乡彝族回族乡)
* Majie Village (马街乡)
* Zhushan Village (竹山乡)

## Climate

Climate data for Yiliang, elevation 1,533 m (5,030 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.6 (85.3) | 31.3 (88.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.5 (95.9) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.7 (92.7) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.9 (84.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 35.5 (95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) | 20.5 (68.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 20.6 (69.1) | 17.6 (63.7) | 23.9 (75.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.9 (49.8) | 17.0 (62.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 16.6 (61.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | 12.1 (53.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −2.2 (28.0) | −4.2 (24.4) | 3.3 (37.9) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.8 (40.6) | −1.7 (28.9) | −10.1 (13.8) | −10.1 (13.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.8 (0.82) | 14.3 (0.56) | 20.5 (0.81) | 24.3 (0.96) | 77.4 (3.05) | 161.1 (6.34) | 175.7 (6.92) | 144.0 (5.67) | 95.4 (3.76) | 81.3 (3.20) | 34.6 (1.36) | 16.2 (0.64) | 865.6 (34.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 15.9 | 18.8 | 17.1 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 120 |
| Average snowy days | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 64 | 58 | 56 | 65 | 77 | 81 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 77 | 76 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 194.8 | 201.8 | 238.7 | 245.2 | 214.3 | 149.8 | 130.9 | 146.0 | 132.5 | 134.0 | 168.6 | 166.2 | 2,122.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 58 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 52 | 37 | 31 | 37 | 36 | 38 | 52 | 51 | 49 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Goran Radonjić

Goran Radonjić is a Montenegrin heavyweight kickboxer fighting out of Podgorica, Montenegro, captain of Montenegrin kickboxing team. Radonjić is declared as the best professional Montenegrin kickboxer in 2011 by steering committee of Montenegrin kickboxing federation.

## Biography and career

In Arhus, Denmark on March 8. 2008 Radonjić faced Edmoud M'Bullu-Monso, the fight was for vacant World Boxing Council Muaythai International Superheavyweight title. In first two rounds it appeared that Radnonjić would beat Monso with his punch-kick combinations, but Monso's leg kicks, powerful grappling and knees were enough that the fight ends up in his favor. Monso became WBC Muaythai International Champion after five round decision.
After Successful debut in Superkombat where he defeated Frank Muñoz in February 2012, he competed in the SuperKombat World Grand Prix IV 2012, on October 20, 2012, where he was announced to face Fikri Ameziane However, Ameziane pulled out due to injury and was replaced by Răzvan Ghiţă. Ghiţă defeated Radonjić via unanimous decision at the semi-finals.

## Titles

Professional
* 2008 WKA Heavyweight European Champion (Low-Kick Rules) +94 kg
* 2007 Dželalija Grand Prix tournament champion (K1 rules)
Amateur
* 2010 W.A.K.O. European Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan +91 kg
* 2009 W.A.K.O. World Championships 2009 in Villach, Austria +91 kg
* 2007 8. BIH Open 2007 in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina +91 kg
* 2006 W.A.K.O. European Championships +91 kg
* 2 times W.A.K.O. World Cup winner.

## Kickboxing record (Incomplete)

Legend: Win  Loss  Draw/No contest  Notes