# Phi Omega Pi

Phi Omega Pi (ΦΩΠ) was a national collegiate sorority operating in the United States from 1922 until 1946, when its chapters were absorbed by several larger sororities, and merged with the national sorority, Delta Zeta.

## History

The sorority originally formed as Achoth (Hebrew: אָחוֹת signifying one's blood sister or a female relative), created on the campus of the University of Nebraska on March 15, 1910. The fifteen founding sisters were all members in good standing of the Order of the Eastern Star. In a letter to the fraternity, Jessie Downing explained to Sigma Phi Epsilon that Achoth "is similar to that of the Acacia fraternity, but in no way are the two connected". In 1911, it was officially recognized by the Order of the Eastern Star organization, and only Eastern Star members were permitted to join. Chapters were named in Hebrew alphabetic order, The first chapter was Aleph (Nebraska), the second Beth (Iowa), etc.
The sorority published a magazine called Kochev. Sources from various fraternal organizations demonstrate that Achoth was functioning as a typical collegiate sorority. The Trident of Delta Delta Delta (1920) recorded Achoth's petition for admission to the National Panhellenic Congress, but this was denied (The Adelphean, 1921).
Achoth may have changed its official name as early as 1922. Kappa Sigma's Caduceus (1922) reported that the "Supreme Governing Council of Achoth announces the change of the name 'Achoth' to 'Phi Omega Pi' fraternity." Other contemporary publications refer to Achoth as Achoth, e.g. "A chapter of Achoth, the organization of Eastern Star members, was installed last March" (IU Alumni Quarterly, 1922). The chapters were renamed according to the Greek alphabet and the sorority's periodical was renamed from Kochev to The Pentagon.
In 1933, Phi Omega Pi dropped the Masonic requirement and was thus given full membership into the National Panhellenic Conference. That same year, the sorority absorbed two other organizations. Sigma Phi Beta was a national group with ten chapters. Founded on November 1, 1920, at New York University as Sigma Sigma Omicron, in July 1927 its name was changed to Sigma Phi Beta. Additionally, Phi Alpha Chi, formed at the University of California at Berkeley, was founded as The Tanewah in 1919. In 1926, that group renamed itself as the Alpha chapter of Phi Alpha Chi. They joined with Sigma Phi Beta just before the merger into Phi Omega Pi.
One source describes a relatively uncomplicated merger: "after 1933, Achoth, Tanewah, Phi Alpha Chi, and Sigma Phi Beta members were all sisters in Phi Omega Pi. In the 1937 Pentagon, sixteen collegiate and 39 alumnae chapters and clubs were listed." However Baird's Manual (20th ed.) notes:
   The chapters at Iowa State Teachers College, Newark State Normal and Montclair Teachers College were placed on the inactive list by order of the Panhellenic Congress when [in 1933] Phi Omega Pi joined it. In the period following, chapters were taken over by Alpha Omicron Pi, Alpha Gamma Delta, Sigma Kappa, and Kappa Alpha Theta. The group disbanded in 1946. Through an NPC committee, Delta Zeta was asked to consider the alumnae and a few chapters which remained. In 1946, the members of ΦΩΠ were accepted into Delta Zeta sorority.
It appears, therefore, that the chapters which were dropped as part of negotiations to join the Panhellenic Congress had come from Sigma Phi Beta, and were not original Achoth or Phi Omega Pi chapters.

## Symbols

As described by Miner, the crest of Phi Omega Pi "had a sapphire blue ground crossed by an inverted chevron of white upon which were placed five five-pointed stars. Below the chevron and to the left was placed the sword and veil and to the right the lily of the valley with five bells. Above the chevron was the Roman numeral X. Surmounting the shield was a crown below which was a rod. Beneath the shield is a white ribbon upon which are the Greek letters ΦΩΠ."
Its colors were sapphire blue and white. Its official flower was the lily-of-the-valley.
While the sorority was known as Achoth, its badge and its symbolism were described as follows: "...the pin bore the Hebrew characters Shin, Nun, Aleph, the initial letters of the organization's motto, but in 1920 the letters were changed to Greek, and in October of 1922, the name was changed to correspond with the letters on the pin. The chapters formerly were named in the order of the Hebrew alphabet, but with the change of name, they automatically took [names based on] the Greek alphabet." This change occurred at the 1921 convention in Minneapolis. Thus the badge of Phi Omega Pi became "an irregular pentagon. The center was raised and in black enamel. The upper section was surmounted by a raised five-pointed star set with a blue sapphire [above the letters ΦΩΠ engraved in gold.] Around the edge of [the pentagon or] blade were set 20 whole pearls."
The pledge pin was "a black enameled pentagon bearing the Greek letters ΦΩΠ in gold. The pentagon was banded in gold also." f

## Chapters

Following is a list of chapters of Phi Omega Pi. Before 1923 these had Hebrew language chapter designations, so the Nebraska chapter would have been Aleph, the Iowa chapter Beth, etc. The chapter designations were recast into Greek form in 1922-23.
| Chapter | Former name | Charter date and range | Institution | Location | Status |
| Alpha | Aleph | March 5, 1910 – 1935 | University of Nebraska | Lincoln, Nebraska | Inactive |
| Beta | Beth | June 24, 1910 – 1934 | University of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | Inactive |
| Gamma | Gimel | April 28, 1911 – 1946 | University of Illinois | Urbana, Illinois | Withdrew (ΣΚ) |
| Delta | Daleth | March 13, 1912 – 1925 | University of Kansas | Lawrence, Kansas | Inactive |
| Epsilon (First) | Hay | May 11, 1914 – 1917 | University of Washington | Seattle, Washington | Withdrew (ΦΜ) Reassigned |
| Zeta | Waw | April 2, 1915 – 1943 | North Dakota Agricultural College | Fargo, North Dakota | Inactive |
| Eta | Zayin | April 9, 1915 – 1933 | Iowa State Teachers College | Cedar Falls, Iowa | Withdrew (local) |
| Theta | Kheth | April 10, 1915 – 1946 | University of Wisconsin | Madison, Wisconsin | Withdrew (ΔΖ) |
| Iota | Teth | 1917–1919 | University of Colorado | Boulder, Colorado | Inactive |
| Kappa | Yodh | 1917 – 1942 | University of Minnesota | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Inactive |
| Lambda | Kaph | 1919–1946 | University of California, Berkeley | Berkeley, California | Merged (ΔΖ) |
| Mu | | 1920–1933, 1940–1945 | Ohio State University | Columbus, Ohio | Inactive |
| Nu | | 1921–1929 | University of Oklahoma | Norman, Oklahoma | Inactive |
| Epsilon (Second) | | 1922–1943 | Northwestern University | Evanston, Illinois | Withdrew (ΣΣΔ) |
| Xi | | 1922–1946 | Indiana University | Bloomington, Indiana | Merged (ΑΞΔ) |
| Omicron | | 1923–1941 | Kansas State College | Manhattan, Kansas | Inactive |
| Pi | | 1924–1934 | Iowa State College | Ames, Iowa | Inactive |
| Rho | | 1924–1933 | DePauw University | Greencastle, Indiana | Inactive |
| Sigma | | 1925–1946 | University of California, Los Angeles | Los Angeles, California | Merged (ΔΖ) |
| Tau | | 1926–1937 | University of Washington | Seattle, Washington | Inactive |
| Upsilon | | 1928–1932 | Oklahoma A&M University | Stillwater, Oklahoma | Inactive |
| Phi | | 1929–1933 | University of Arizona | Tucson, Arizona | Inactive |
| Alpha Beta | | 1933–1935 | Utah Agricultural College | Logan, Utah | Inactive |
| New York Alpha | | 1933–1943 | New York University | New York City, New York | Inactive |
| New York Gamma | | 1933–1946 | Hunter College | New York City, New York | Merged (ΔΖ) |
| Omega | | 1933–1937 | Wittenberg College | Springfield, Ohio | Inactive |
| Alpha Alpha | | 1933–1939 | Transylvania University | Lexington, Kentucky | Inactive |
| Psi | | 1933–1946 | Alabama Polytechnic Institute | Auburn, Alabama | Withdrew (ΑΟΠ) |
| Alpha Zeta | | 1938–1941 | Georgetown College | Georgetown, Kentucky | Inactive |
* 1 2 3 Absorbed a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta with the national merger of the two sororities.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew and revived a chapter of Sigma Kappa.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew to become the Eta Beta chapter of Phi Mu.
* ↑ The 1915 Baird's shows Waw as U of Washington, later revised.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew and became a local organization.
* ↑ Chapter formed from the local group Eastern Star, established in 1915. Later, it withdrew and revived a chapter of Delta Zeta.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Areme, established in 1915.
* ↑ Chapter formed from the local group Eastern Star, established in 1918.
* 1 2 Chapter withdrew to merge with an existing Delta Zeta chapter.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Achoth, established in 1920.
* ↑ Chapter originated as a local called Aeukiga. It withdrew to become a chapter of Sigma Sigma Delta.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew and became a chapter of Alpha Xi Delta.
* ↑ Chapter formed from the local group Eastern Star, established in 1921.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Omega Pi, established in 1922.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Lambda Omicron Alpha, established in 1922.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Lambda Tau, established in 1925.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Epsilon Sigma, established in 1924.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Omega Pi, established in 1925.
* ↑ Chapter formed from the Masonic Club, established in 1923.
* ↑ Chapter formed from a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta, established in 1930.
* 1 2 Chapter formed from a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta, established in 1920.
* ↑ Chapter formed from a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta, established in 1921.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew to form a chapter of Delta Zeta.
* ↑ Chapter formed from a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta, established in 1929.
* ↑ Chapter formed from a chapter of Sigma Phi Beta, established in 1923.
* ↑ Chapter withdrew to form a chapter of Alpha Omicron Pi.
* ↑ Chapter formed from Phi Zeta, established in 1934.