OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vinayaditya of Podana

Vinayaditya (r. c. 750-775 CE) alias Yuddhamalla I, was an Indian ruler from the Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty. He was most probably a vassal of the Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga, and his capital was likely located at Podana (modern Bodhan); his successors moved the capital to Vemulavada.

## Rule over Sapadalaksha

A Vemulavada inscription states that Vinayaditya ruled over the Sapadalaksha country, which could not be governed by others. The Sanskrit term "Sapadalaksha" (or "Savalakhkhe" in vernacular, literally "125,000 [villages or revenue units]") has been used to describe several distinct regions in the early medieval Indian records, including the Sapadalaksha area in present-day Rajasthan.
Some scholars, including N Venkataramanayya identify the Sapadalaksha of the Vemulavada inscription with the Sapadalaksha of present-day Rajasthan. According to this theory, Vinayaditya probably accompanied his overlord Dantidurga during the Rashtrakuta campaigns against the Gurjara-Pratiharas, and controlled a part of Rajasthan during the Rashtrakuta occupation of that territory. The Vemulavada inscription also credits Vinayaditya with conquering the reputedly inaccessible Chitrakuta fort, although other records of the dynasty, such as the Vikramarjuna Vijayam and the Parbhani copper-plate inscription, do not mention this conquest. According to Venkataramanayya, it is possible that the conquered fort was the modern Chittor Fort (originally called "Chitrakuta"), located in the ancient Sapadalaksha region.
However, other scholars, including Madhusudan Dhaky and Jaisetty Ramanaiah, identify the Sapadalaksha of the Vemulavada inscription with Kosavalam Savalakhe, a historical region in present-day Telangana. This region was centered around Podana (modern Bodhan), which was probably Vinayaditya's capital. The Vemulavada inscription states that Vinayaditya had his elephants bathed in a reservoir filled with oil, at Podana. Pampa's Vikramarjuna Vijayam similarly states that he had 500 elephants bathed in several dirghikas (ponds) filled with oil.

## Purported conquests

The Kollipara copper-plate inscription attributed to Vinayaditya's son Arikesari I portrays him as a great conqueror, but this inscription is of doubtful authenticity. It states that Vinayaditya subjugated several kingdoms including Turushka, Yavana, Kashmira, Kambhoja, Magadha, Malava, Kalinga, Ganga, Pallava, Pandya, and Kerala. These claims of conquests are grossly exaggerated, and other records of the dynasty ignore these supposed conquests. It is possible that Vinayaditya participated in the military campaigns of his overlord Dantidurga, whose Ellora Dashavatara cave inscription credits the Rashtrakuta king with defeating the kings of Kalinga, Malava, and other kingdoms.

## Successors

Vinayaditya had two sons, Arikesari I and Biragriha; Arikesari succeeded him on the throne.
# 23rd parallel south

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The 23rd parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 23 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane, about 50 km north of the Tropic of Capricorn. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

## Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 23° south passes through:
    Coordinates Country, territory or ocean Notes 23°0′S 0°0′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 0.000°E﻿ / -23.000; 0.000﻿ (Prime Meridian) Atlantic Ocean 23°0′S 14°24′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 14.400°E﻿ / -23.000; 14.400﻿ (Namibia)  Namibia Passing just south of Walvis Bay 23°0′S 20°0′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 20.000°E﻿ / -23.000; 20.000﻿ (Botswana)  Botswana 23°0′S 27°57′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 27.950°E﻿ / -23.000; 27.950﻿ (South Africa)  South Africa Limpopo 23°0′S 31°30′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 31.500°E﻿ / -23.000; 31.500﻿ (Mozambique)  Mozambique 23°0′S 35°34′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 35.567°E﻿ / -23.000; 35.567﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean Mozambique Channel 23°0′S 43°29′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 43.483°E﻿ / -23.000; 43.483﻿ (Madagascar)  Madagascar 23°0′S 47°48′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 47.800°E﻿ / -23.000; 47.800﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean 23°0′S 113°50′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 113.833°E﻿ / -23.000; 113.833﻿ (Australia)  Australia Western Australia Northern Territory Queensland 23°0′S 150°46′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 150.767°E﻿ / -23.000; 150.767﻿ (Coral Sea) Pacific Ocean Coral Sea Passing just north of Cato Reef in Australia's Coral Sea Islands Territory 23°0′S 167°17′E﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 167.283°E﻿ / -23.000; 167.283﻿ (Pacific Ocean) The parallel defines the southern maritime boundary of the Cook Islands, from the 167th meridian west to the 156th meridian west Passing just north of Morane atoll, French Polynesia Passing just north of Mangareva island, French Polynesia 23°0′S 70°20′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 70.333°W﻿ / -23.000; -70.333﻿ (Chile)  Chile 23°0′S 66°58′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 66.967°W﻿ / -23.000; -66.967﻿ (Argentina)  Argentina 23°0′S 62°0′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 62.000°W﻿ / -23.000; -62.000﻿ (Paraguay)  Paraguay 23°0′S 55°38′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 55.633°W﻿ / -23.000; -55.633﻿ (Brazil)  Brazil Mato Grosso do Sul Paraná São Paulo - passing north of the city of São Paulo Rio de Janeiro - passing just south of the city of Rio de Janeiro 23°0′S 43°14′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 43.233°W﻿ / -23.000; -43.233﻿ (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Passing just south of the coast of Brazil 23°0′S 42°1′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 42.017°W﻿ / -23.000; -42.017﻿ (Brazil)  Brazil Rio de Janeiro - Ilha do Cabo Frio 23°0′S 41°58′W﻿ / ﻿23.000°S 41.967°W﻿ / -23.000; -41.967﻿ (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
# Climax Township, Michigan

Climax Township is a civil township of Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2020 census recorded a population of 2,364.
The village of Climax is located within the township along the northern boundary with Charleston Township.

## Geography

The township is in eastern Kalamazoo County, bordered to the east by Calhoun County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.0 km$^2$), of which 36.1 square miles (93.6 km$^2$) are land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km$^2$), or 0.46%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,412 people, 885 households, and 693 families residing in the township. The population density was 66.6 inhabitants per square mile (25.7/km$^2$). There were 927 housing units at an average density of 25.6 per square mile (9.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.68% White, 0.37% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.
There were 885 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.3% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $47,620, and the median income for a family was $49,800. Males had a median income of $35,896 versus $27,194 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,381. About 2.5% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Anna Jardfelt

Anna Jardfelt is the Swedish Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the International Organisations in Geneva.

## Early life and education

Jardfelt Melvin holds a masters of law degree.

## Career

Jardfelt Melvin's law degree has a specialisation in international law. She joined the Swedish Foreign Ministry in 1997 and has spent a large part of her career on European Security policy issues, notably as Chief of Staff for the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities (2001–2005).
She was the Director of the Swedish Institute of International Affairs (UI) between 2010 and 2014.
Jardfelt served as Ambassador to the EU's Political and Security Committee in Brussels between 2014 and 2017. She was Ambassador of Sweden to Kenya, Seychelles and the Comoros and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) from 2017 to 2020. In March 2018 she presented her credentials to President Danny Faure as the Ambassador to the Seychelles. Later that year she wrote about an initiative in Kenya to encourage preganant women and mothers to attend check-ups to reduce infant mortality. The programme had begun in 2014 with an initial objective of supplying milk but had moved on to providing money to women as they became mothers. It was organised by the County Government of Kakamega and supported by UNICEF and the Swedish embassy.
Jardfelt became the Swedish ambassador in Geneva in 2020. In 2021 she became the chair of the International Labour organisation succeeding Apurva Chandra of India.

## Private life

Jardfelt is married with two children.

## Other activities

* United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)
* European Leadership Network (ELN), Member
# Finders Keepers (band)

Finders Keepers were an English band featuring then-future Trapeze members Glenn Hughes, Mel Galley, and Dave Holland.
Hughes later sang for Deep Purple (with whom he also played bass) and Black Sabbath (on the album Seventh Star and part of its supporting tour). Galley later played guitar for Whitesnake. Holland later played drums for Judas Priest.
Finders Keepers released several singles, including a cover of "Sadie, The Cleaning Lady" in 1968.
The original band consisted of Roy "Dripper" Kent on vocals, Alan Clee on lead guitar, Ralph Oakley on rhythm guitar, Jake Elcock on bass and David Williams on drums. In 1966, Ralph Oakley left the band, and Finders Keepers continued as a four-piece. In 1967, there were several line-up changes, resulting in the band with Ian "Sludge" Lees on vocals, Mel Galley and Alan Clee on lead guitars, Phil Overfield on bass and David Williams on drums. In 1968, Glenn Hughes joined the band taking Phil Overfield's place. Later that year Dave Holland joined the band, taking David Williams' place. The resulting line-up of Ian "Sludge" Lees, Mel Galley, Alan Clee, Glenn Hughes and Dave Holland were together until 1969, when the band broke up, and Mel Galley, Glenn Hughes and Dave Holland went on to form Trapeze.
# George Elliott (surgeon)

George Elliott (c. 1636 – 1668 in Tangier) was the English surgeon to the Earl of Teviot's Regiment.

## Life

Elliott was the illegitimate son of Catherine Killigrew (1618–1689) and Richard Eliot (c. 1614-1660s), the wayward second son of Sir John Eliot. George Elliott's grandson Granville Elliott spent much effort in seeking to prove that Richard had married Catherine Killigrew, but he was never able to do so formally. Indeed, visitations survive showing that Richard died a bachelor and her mother's probate documents showing that Catherine was a spinster, aged 38, on 24 December 1656.
Little is known of Elliott's early years until his marriage to Katherine Maxwell in 1654. By 4 May 1663, around the time of the baptism of his second daughter in London, he was recognized as 'Doctor' to the Earl of Teviot's Regiment. He reappeared at the Tangier Garrison in Morocco in May 1664 as the 'Chirurgeon to the Earl of Teviot's Regiment at Tangier', where he lived at the Mole, a waterside fortification.

## Family

On 18 January 1654 at St Olave Silver Street, London, Elliott married Katherine Maxwell (c. 1638 – December 1709), the daughter of the Rev. William Maxwell of Minnigaff (d. 1655). They had at least two daughters and one son:
* Katherine Elliott (bapt 14 December 1660 St Mary Somerset, London – unknown)
* Margaret Elliott (bapt 3 May 1663 St Benet's, Paul's Wharf, London – unknown), who married firstly (before 7 March 1714) Richard Andrews, and secondly (after 7 March 1714) Richard Giles
* Roger Elliott (c. 1665 – 15 May 1714 Barnes, Surrey), who married Charlotte Elliot at St Peter upon Cornhill, London on 4 March 1712
In 1668, Elliott died at Tangier, where he was succeeded as Chirurgeon by his assistant, Robert Spotswood (17 September 1637 – 1680), who also married Elliott's widow, by whom he had a son, Alexander Spotswood.
# Ya mong

Ya mong is a home remedy that is widely used in Thailand. Its exact composition may vary, but is usually a combination of various herbs, each with a different medicinal purpose. Each ingredient creates a different color or smell. Its ingredients may include menthol, paraffin, petroleum jelly, borneol, camphor, and methyl salicylate. It is used for headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthropod bites and stings.
# HITC

HITC (formerly Here Is the City) is a British football news website owned by GRV Media. As well as multiple social profiles it also has two popular football-themed YouTube channels, HITC Football (previously HITC Sport) and HITC Sevens, launched in October 2014 and June 2017 respectively.

## History

At its launch in 2000, HITC was focused on financial news.
In February 2010 it set up a "Save Dave" campaign to save a banker from losing their job after they were caught on live television viewing images of a model in the office. The campaign garnered much publicity within the finance industry.
The company dropped the name Here Is the City in 2015 and rebranded to HITC.
In December 2023 the website streamlined its news content to focus specifically on football and hired Graeme Bailey as Strategic & Operational Head of Football.
The HITC Football (previously HITC Sport) and HITC Sevens YouTube channels were launched in October 2014 and June 2017 respectively. As of the end of 2021, the channels have a combined subscriber base of over 1 million. HITC Football was previously run by Michael Ramsay, who left in 2022 to launch his own channel, The Irish Guy.
HITC Sevens is run by Alfie Potts-Harmer. His six-month-old blog A Halftime Report won the judges' award for Best Young Blogger at the 2015 Football Blogging Awards. This was decided by a distinguished panel including Dan Walker of BBC Sport, John Cross of the Daily Mirror, Neil Ashton of the Daily Mail and Owen Gibson of The Guardian.
# Tyrol Castle

Tyrol Castle, less commonly Tirol Castle (German: Schloss Tirol, Italian: Castel Tirolo) is a castle in the comune (municipality) of Tirol near Merano, in the Burggrafenamt district of South Tyrol, Italy. It was the ancestral seat of the Counts of Tyrol and gave the whole Tyrol region its name.

## History

The castle hill has been inhabited since ancient times. Several artefacts and one field of graves from the early Middle Ages have been identified. Archeologists have excavated a church with three apses dating from the early Christian period.
The first castle was built before 1100. The second construction phase including the keep dates to 1139/40. A third phase of construction took place in the second half of the 13th century under Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. In 1347 Meinhard's granddaughter Countess Margaret of Tyrol was besieged here by the forces of the Luxembourg king Charles IV. The castle remained the seat of Tyrol's sovereigns until 1420, when the Habsburg archduke Frederick IV moved the administrative seat to Innsbruck north of the Brenner Pass.
In modern times parts of the castle fell into the so-called "Köstengraben", a steep gorge. It was even sold in order to be used as a quarry. In the 19th century the castle was restored; the keep was rebuilt in 1904.
Regarding art history, the frescos of the castle's chapel are of special interest as well as two Romanesque portals with opulent marble sculptures showing legendary creatures, religious themes, and geometric ornaments. The chapel also houses the oldest-known painting of the coat of arms of Tyrol, the Red Eagle.
The castle has served as the site of a museum since the early 1980s. Since then, the late Middle Ages have yielded a series of amazing archaeological discoveries. Since 2003, Tyrol Castle houses the South Tyrolean Museum of History [Wikidata]. Next to the castle there is a falconry with a nursing ward for birds of prey.
* Exterior
* Courtyard
* Romanesque portal of the castle's chapel
* Portal of the chapel, detail
# Does It Matter Irene?

"Does It Matter Irene?" is the first disc released by post-punk group the Mothmen, on Absurd Records, in 1979. Shortly before, the band members were involved with two known Manchester bands, guitarist/bassist Dave Rowbotham, bassist/guitarist Tony Bowers and drummer Chris Joyce with the Durutti Column and vocalist Bob Harding with Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias. Bowers also was member of Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias before the Durutti Column.
This was the only single released on Absurd. The band later signed to Do It! to release in 1981 their first album Pay Attention! and their next single "Show Me Your House and Car".
However, the band waited the entire 1980 working in separated ways. Dave Rowbotham was recording material with Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls, Chris Joyce joined Pink Military, with whom he began to work, and Tony Bowers was producing for the latter band.
The single's B-side, "Please Let Go", was later re-versioned for the debut album Pay Attention!.

## Track listing
### A-side

* "Does It Matter Irene?"

### B-side

* "Please Let Go"

## Credits

* Bob Harding: lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar, organ
* David Rowbotham: guitar, bass
* Tony Bowers: bass, guitar, violin, vocals
* Chris Joyce: drums
# Scott Deerwester

Scott Craig Deerwester is an American computer scientist and computer engineer. He is known for his contributions to the development of latent semantic analysis (LSA), a mathematical and natural language processing (NLP) technique

## Early life

Deerwester was born in Rossville, Indiana, United States in January 1956.

## Publications and research work

Deerwester contributed to the development of LSA during his time at Colgate University and the University of Chicago. He published his first research paper, The Retrieval Expert Model of Information Retrieval, at Purdue University in 1984.
LSA is used in natural language processing applications, including chatbots and automatic translation services, and is capable of emulating human-like patterns and behaviors, such as word sorting and category assessment. LSA has found applications in data mining, recommender systems, and business intelligence tools. This research has also been useful in the development of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and probabilistic models, which are used in topic modelling and semantic analysis.
In 1988, Deerwester co-authored a research paper on latent semantic analysis (LSA). The paper proposed an alteration to information retrieval systems that would process textual information by deriving a semantic structure. Notably, the techniques introduced in the paper allowed search engines to retrieve relevant documents that lacked exact keywords. This was done by accounting for polysemy and synonymy.
Deerwester's latest work was published in 2017.
# Balsamorhiza hookeri

Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hooker's balsamroot) is a North American species of perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. It grows in the Great Basin and neighboring regions in the Western United States. It is found in Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.

## Description

The leaves are compound pinnate, with the leaflet divisions also divided or deeply lobed. Basal leaves are hairy and may be up to 16 inches (41 cm) long. There may be one to several stems, which are leafless and hairy, and topped by one flower each.
It blooms from April to July. Flower heads are 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) wide, and sunflower-like, with 10–21 fringe-tipped ray flowers and numerous disc flowers. The flower bract has long hairs.

## Distribution and habitat

It grows to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) in dry, grassy meadows in sagebrush steppe and montane plant communities in the Great Basin. It is common at much lower elevations in central Washington State scablands.

## Ecology

It tends to grow in rockier habitats than its cousin, arrow-leaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata). It hybridizes with arrow-leaf balsamroot, which has arrow shaped leaves. The result is a plant with leaves that are arrow shaped, but also deeply divided.

## Uses

Balsamroots have been used as food and medicine by native peoples for many years.

## Gallery

* Flower side view
* Plant top view
# Nimravinae

The Nimravinae are a subfamily of the Nimravidae, an extinct family of feliform mammalian carnivores sometimes known as false saber-toothed cats. They were found in North America, Europe, and Asia from the Middle Eocene through the Late Oligocene epochs (Bartonian through Chattian stages, 40.4—23.03 mya), spanning about 17.37 million years. Centered in North America, the radiation of the Nimravinae from the Eocene to Oligocene was the first radiation of cat-like carnivorans.
# Xavier Robson

Róbson Xavier Valim Schuelter (19 May 1986 – 2 February 2024), known as Xavier Robson, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Xavier Robson was born in Pedro Osório on 19 May 1986.
Robson started his professional career with Brasil de Pelotas, for whom he played from 2003 to 2007, achieving promotion to Campeonato Gaúcho in 2004.
In 2007, he joined Uruguayan club Peñarol, and played for the club in the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, making five Uruguayan Primera División appearances and winning the 2009–10 Uruguayan Primera División. In 2010 he played for Campeonato Gaúcho side Esportivo on loan from Peñarol.

## Later life and death

After retiring from professional playing, Xavier Robson continued to play at amateur level in Brazil and worked as a security guard.
Robson died from peritoneal cancer in Pelotas, on 2 February 2024, at the age of 37.

## Honours

Peñarol
* Uruguayan Primera División: 2009–10
# Aina Cid

Aina Cid i Centelles (born 1 September 1994) is a Spanish competitive rower.
She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's coxless pair.
Cid rowed for the Ohio State Buckeyes from 2014 to 2017, and helped the team to an NCAA national championship title in 2015. porky
# El Puente, Cantabria

El Puente is the capital of the municipality of Guriezo (Cantabria, Spain). In 2008 it had a population of 535 inhabitants (INE). The town is located 40 meters above sea level, and is 67.5 miles away from the Cantabrian capital Santander.