OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Meudon

The Battle of Meudon took place on 3 April 1871 between the Paris Commune and Versaillais government forces near Meudon in the Île-de-France. The battle was part of the attempts by the Paris Commune to seize Versailles, the seat of Adolphe Thiers’ government, and it ended in a defeat for the Federates.

## Troops
### Federates

The Federates were commanded by General Émile Eudes, assisted by Louis-Antoine Ranvier and Avrial. They were accompanied by 10,000 men and 8 cannons, however, they were largely disorganized. The National Guards thought they were participating in a simple military parade, that the Versailles army would fraternize with them, and were devoid of officers and non-commissioned officers. There were also no reserves, supplies, and they only had eight cannons to fire, while Paris housed hundreds of artillery pieces and several years of ammunition.

### Versailles

The Versailles defense of Meudon was entrusted to a corps of gendarmes numbering about a thousand men entrenched in the town's castle. They had the support of an artillery battery built on an old Prussian position. General La Mariouse's brigade was stationed at Viroflay. It was composed of the 35th and 42nd regiments. These two regiments were the only surviving regiments of the former imperial army and were among the best Versailles units. Four other regiments (one marine infantry, one marine rifleman, and two line) were also sent to hold Meudon and reinforce La Mariouse's brigade.

## The Battle

The battle began with a Versailles bombardment of the Federates from the Meudon battery. This bombardment caused chaos among the Federates who were surprised by the fighting. The rear retreated precipitously to Fort d'Issy and the front entered Meudon at a charge. Once there, without command, the Federate soldiers did not know what to do and could not take advantage of their numerical superiority. Indeed, the village was then defended only by a thousand gendarmes who held the castle. Running out of ammunition, they were eventually chased away by the Federates and retreated to the rest of the village and the old Prussian batteries.
In early afternoon, Versailles General La Mariouse arrived with 9,000 reinforcements. He managed to retake the castle. However, the Federates maintained themselves in the rest of the village. Their lack of artillery began to be felt and new Parisian attacks ran up against the walls of the village. Eudes then ordered a retreat which ended at Fort d'Issy where Ranvier had returned to install artillery.
# Granville Bennett (Alabama politician)

Granville Bennett (b. 1824) was an American farmer and state legislator in Alabama. He represented Sumter County, Alabama in the Alabama House of Representatives during the 1872 and 1874 terms. He and other black members of the state legislature who served during and in the years that followed the Reconstruction era are included on a historical marker. A Republican, he signed onto a "Memorial" addressed to U. S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
He was born 1824 in Alabama. He was a farmer. In 1872 he testified he came to Alabama about 1835 at age ten. In his sworn testimony to a committee investigating the 'Condition of affairs in the southern states' he said he lived about 3 miles from Livingston, Alabama at Robert Mason's place which had been Maconico. He testified to not being threatened at his home but having spoken with a father whose son was taken from the man's arms and killed.
# Amdjarass (city)

Amdjarass or Am-Djarass (Arabic: أم جرس, romanized: Ạảm̊ Jarasuⁿ, lit. '"A mother bell"') is the capital city of the province of Ennedi Est in northern Chad. It is also the capital of the second level administrative division, the Amdjarass department. It is the largest city in the region and the fourth largest in Saharan (Northern) Chad.
The city is presently mapped in OpenStreetMap, but many atlases do not put this city on the map. Despite formerly being an isolated Saharan oasis, its population as of the 2009 census is 20,850, and has grown considerably from just 657 residents in the 1993 census. Since 1990, it has been the home town of Chad's ruling Déby family. On July 3, 2015, Chadian president Idriss Deby visited Amdjarass. It is the city in which he would be buried 6 years later.
The town has a hotel called the Toumai Hotel Amdjarass and a fortress. There is a boomerang-shaped rock with the town's name at the entrance to the town. The mayor is Ismael Miss.
Declan Walsh of The New York Times has reported that in 2023, during the War in Sudan, the United Arab Emirates set up a base at the airport in Amdjarass, to support the Rapid Support Forces in the war. The UAE has also provided financial support to the Chad military junta, despite officially declaring a neutral stance in the conflict as a Western ally.
# Aleksander Kokular

Aleksander Kokular (9 August 1793, Warsaw – 6 April 1846, Warsaw) was a Polish painter, art collector and teacher. He was one of the co-founders of the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw and a prominent Freemason. Portraits (contemporary and historical) and mythological scenes were his specialties.

## Biography

He was born to a merchant family and first studied painting at the Warsaw Lyceum under the supervision of Zygmunt Vogel. In 1814, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, where he studied with Johann Baptist von Lampi the Elder, then spent a year at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He returned to Warsaw in 1818 and became a teacher.
For a year, he taught calligraphy at a piarist boarding school, then became a teacher at the Warsaw Lyceum in 1821. He went back to Rome on a government scholarship from 1824 to 1826, where he came under the influence of Vincenzo Camuccini. After his return, he remained at the Lyceum until it was closed by the Russian government in 1831.
From 1835 to 1841, he operated a private art school from his home and, from 1838 to 1840, was a lecturer at the "Alexandria Institute for Young Ladies". Then, from 1841 to 1844, he was a teacher at the newly-established Royal Gymnasium.
In 1844, he joined with Jan Feliks Piwarski to establish the "School of Fine Arts" and taught there until his death, two years later. Cyprian Kamil Norwid was his best-known pupil. The school was closed in 1864, because its students had participated in the January Uprising. It was reopened in 1904 and, since 1932, has been known as the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.
Among his most familiar contemporary portraits are those of Tsar Nicholas I, Count Ivan Paskevich, Count Aleksander Stanisław Potocki and the composer, Maria Szymanowska. Among his historical portraits, one depicting the marriage of Jadwiga and Władysław II Jagiełło is notable. He also did church paintings in Siedlce, Suwałki, Puławy and Brześć. His collection consisted mostly of contemporary works, although he restored and sold antique paintings from the collection of Count Potocki.
# Bruno Henrique (footballer, born 1992)

Bruno Henrique de Sousa (born 25 October 1992), known as just Bruno Henrique, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Phrae United in Thai League 2.

## Career

Henrique began his career Goiás but made his professional debut for Rio Branco in the Campeonato Paranaense in March 2014 in a 0–0 draw with Coritiba. He later spent time playing in Thailand, Portugal and Moldova before joining V.League 1 side Hong Linh Ha Tinh for the 2020 season.
In the 2020 season, Henrique made 21 appearances and scored 11 goals in all competitions for Hong Linh Ha Tinh.
On 28 December 2020, fellow V.League 1 club Song Lam Nghe An announced the signing of Henrique on one-year contract with an extension option. On 30 January 2021, he made his competitive debut for the club against Saigon FC, which SLNA loss 1–0. Before the 2021 season was canceled due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, he made 10 appearances and scored 1 goal for Song Lam Nghe An.
# St. Regis Park, Kentucky

St. Regis Park is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, and a part of the Louisville Metro government. The population was 1,454 as of the 2010 census.

## Geography

St. Regis Park is located in east-central Jefferson County. It is bordered to the south by Cambridge and Lincolnshire and otherwise by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County. The northern end of the city limits is at the I-64/I-264 interchange, 9 miles (14 km) east of downtown Louisville.
According to the United States Census Bureau, St. Regis Park has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.9 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,520 people, 582 households, and 463 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,251.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,641.6/km$^2$). There were 595 housing units at an average density of 1,664.3 per square mile (642.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 96.78% White, 1.78% African American, 0.66% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.
There were 582 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.4% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $73,350, and the median income for a family was $81,498. Males had a median income of $45,078 versus $29,637 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,975. None of the families and 2.0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 6.1% of those over 64.
# Mizraim

Mizraim (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם, Modern Mīṣrayīm Tiberian Mīṣrāyīm / Mīṣráyīm \; cf. Arabic: مصر, romanized: Miṣr) is the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt and its people.

## Linguistic analysis

Mizraim is the Hebrew cognate of a common Semitic source word for the land now known as Egypt. It is similar to Miṣr in modern Arabic, Misri in the 14th century B.C. Akkadian Amarna tablets, Mṣrm in Ugaritic, Mizraim in Neo-Babylonian texts, and Mu-ṣur in neo-Assyrian Akkadian (as seen on the Rassam cylinder). To this root is appended the dual suffix -āyim, perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. This word is similar in pronunciation and spelling to the Hebrew words matsór and meitsár, meaning literally "siege" and "strait, distress" respectively, and may carry those connotations to Hebrew speakers.

## Biblical accounts

According to Genesis 10, Mizraim, son of Ham was the younger brother of Cush and elder brother of Phut whose families together made up the Hamite branch of Noah's descendants. Mizraim's sons were Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim, and Caphtorim. 19th-century scholar Henry Welsford identifies this Mizraim of Egypt in the Book of Genesis as Minos.
In the Book of Exodus, it is considered the "house of bondage". Regarding Passover, Moses says to the Israelites, "And Moses said to the people, 'Remember this day, on which you went free from Egypt, the house of bondage, how יהוה freed you from it with a mighty hand: no leavened bread shall be eaten.'"
The book of Deuteronomy forbids the children of Israel from abhorring a Mizri, an Egyptian, "because you were a stranger in his land."

## Greco-Roman sources

According to Eusebius's Chronicon, Manetho had suggested that the great age of antiquity of which the later Egyptians boasted had preceded the Great Flood and that they were descended from Mizraim, who settled there anew. According to Byzantine chronicler George Syncellus, the Book of Sothis, attributed to Manetho, identified Mizraim with the legendary first pharaoh, Menes, who is said to have unified the Old Kingdom of Egypt and built Memphis. Mizraim also seems to correspond to Misor, who is said in Phoenician mythology to have been the father of Taautus, who was given Egypt, and later scholars noticed that it also recalls Menes, whose son or successor was said to be Athothis.

## Islamic sources

According to medieval Islamic historians, such as Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, the Egyptian ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, and the Persians al-Tabari and Muhammad Khwandamir, the pyramids, etc. had been built by the wicked races before the Deluge but that Noah's descendant Mizraim (Masar or Mesr) was later entrusted with reoccupying the region. The Islamic accounts also make Masar the son of a Bansar or Beisar and grandson of Ham, rather than a direct son of Ham, and add that he lived to the age of 700.
# Thornhill, Kentucky

Thornhill is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 178 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Thornhill is located in northeastern Jefferson County. Kentucky Route 22 (Brownsboro Road) forms the southern boundary of the city. Thornhill is 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Northfield and 8 miles (13 km) northeast of downtown Louisville.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Thornhill has a total area of 0.05 square miles (0.12 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 175 people, 72 households, and 60 families living in the city. The population density was 3,810.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,471.2/km$^2$). There were 75 housing units at an average density of 1,633.0 per square mile (630.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 99.43% White and 0.57% Native American. Of the 72 households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.6% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.3% were non-families. 13.9% of households were one person and 6.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.66.
The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 31.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
The median household income was $84,326 and the median family income was $100,391. Males had a median income of $61,000 versus $48,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $38,698. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
# Deli, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Deli (Persian: دلي) is a village in Sardasht Rural District of Rudasht District in Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Lurs.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 460 in 90 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 574 people in 122 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 598 people in 133 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Rudasht District.
# 14-inch M1920 railway gun

The 14-inch M1920 railway gun was the last model railway gun to be deployed by the United States Army. It was an upgrade of the US Navy 14"/50 caliber railway gun. Only four were deployed; two in the Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles and two in the Panama Canal Zone, where they could be shifted between the harbor defenses of Cristobal (Atlantic) or Balboa (Pacific).

## History

After the close of World War I, the US Army wanted to incorporate the lessons learned from other railway gun mounts and fulfill coastal artillery requirements for hitting a moving target. An effort to design a more universal mount for the Navy's Mk. IV 14"/50 caliber gun was undertaken.
The primary difference from the earlier Navy versions lies in the M1920 carriage, which could be raised and lowered. Prepositioned fixed mounts were installed at the forts, and the gun's rail trucks could be taken out from under the frame. After the removal of the rail trucks, the gun was lowered and bolted onto a pivot point for rapid 360 degree movement, necessary for tracking ships in coast defense. The M1920 carriage made the gun much more flexible. It allowed for the standard practice of using a curved piece of rail to traverse the gun, and it enabled the gun to be used in a fixed position.
Two guns were deployed to Fort MacArthur in the Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles, with firing platforms at Fort MacArthur and Long Beach. The remaining two guns were deployed to Fort Grant and Fort Randolph in the Panama Canal Zone. The two guns deployed to the Panama Canal Zone could be moved to either coast on the Panama Canal Railway. After World War Two ended, the threat of a massive war was over and the United States scrapped these weapons as well.

## Models

The Mk.IV gun was manufactured in two models:
* M1920MI centerline of breechblock mechanism canted 16 degrees counterclockwise to fit recoil band
* M1920MII breech mechanism is set straight in relation to axis of tube.

## Sighting and fire control equipment

The following sighting equipment was used with the gun:
* bore sight
* firing tables- 14-m-1, 14-e-3, 14-g-2.
* M1 fire adjustment board
* M1 generating unit (mounted on the forward railway truck)
* M1 gunners quadrant
* M1 plotting and relocating board
* M1 prediction scale
* M1A1 height finder
* M1A1 range correction board
* M7 spotting board
* M8 helium filling kit
* M1910 azimuth instrument
* M1912A1 clinometer
* M1917MI panoramic telescope
* M1918 aiming rule
* M1922 panoramic telescope

## Support cars

* M1 powder car
* M1 projectile car
* M2 fire control car
* M1918 repair car

## Fate

All four guns were cut up for scrap in 1946.

## Gallery

* A M1920 on the test range.
* A M1920 on the test range.
* A group photo with a M1920.
# Empress Li (Li Shi's wife)

Empress Li (Chinese: 李皇后; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Di-led Chinese Cheng-Han dynasty. Her husband was Li Shi, the last emperor of Cheng-Han. She was his wife when he was crown prince under his father Li Shou (Emperor Zhaowen), and when he succeeded his father in 343, he created her empress. Nothing further is known about her, including whether she survived to or survived Cheng-Han's destruction by Eastern Jin forces in 347. If she did, since her husband was created the Marquess of Guiyi, she would have carried the title of marchioness.
# Elizabeth station (Central Railroad of New Jersey)

Elizabeth is a disused train station in Elizabeth, New Jersey. It was built by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) in 1893. It is adjacent to NJ Transit's Elizabeth station on the Northeast Corridor. That station was built and owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad; in the era of private operation passengers could transfer between the two. The CNJ right-of-way in Elizabeth is unused, and passenger trains which served the former CNJ mainline (NJT's Raritan Valley Line service) bypass Elizabeth via the Aldene Connection on their way to Newark Penn Station. The station has been renovated and used as commercial space.

## Major named trains

The station was on CNJ's main line and was also utilized by B&O and Reading Railway trains which terminated at CNJ's Jersey City terminal, where ferry service to New York was available.
* Baltimore and Ohio (routes west beyond Washington, DC):
** Capitol Limited, Cincinnatian, Columbian, Metropolitan Special, National Limited and others
* Central Railroad of New Jersey & Reading Railway (route to Bethlehem, Allentown, Reading and Harrisburg):
** Harrisburg Special and Queen of the Valley
* Reading Railway (route to West Trenton and Philadelphia):
** Crusader and Wall Street

## Status

The CNJ station suffered from a freight train wreck on November 4, 1972, when a boxcar derailed and pulled several other cars into the canopy. Although the buildings and freight cars were damaged, there were no injuries. The station has been listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places since 1984 and is part of the Operating Passenger Railroad Stations Thematic Resource.
There are plans to redesign the public space and create a transit plaza between the CNJ and NJT stations. Funding was approved in 2018.
The proposed Union County Light Rail, which would have connected midtown Elizabeth with Newark Airport, would have had its western terminus at this station. The station for this line would have been referred to as Midtown to distinguish from the other stations in Elizabeth on this line. The plan has been replaced by the Union go bus expressway, a proposed bus rapid transit system between Garwood and the airport.
# Blak Ryno

Romaine Anderson (born December 1984) in Portmore, Jamaica) known professionally as Blak Ryno is Jamaican artist. He grew up in Waterford and attended at Bridgeport High School. He is also a past member of the Vybz Kartel Portmore Empire, he joined the Portmore Empire in January 2007. In 2010 Blak Ryno left the Portmore Empire due to an altercation with him and Vybz Kartel.

## Discography

* Bike Back (2010)
* Real Stingers (2009)
* Badmind (2009)
* Summer Wine (2012)
* Real Vybz (2013)
# Gaëlle Edon

Gaëlle Edon (born 29 November 1988) is a French Paralympic shooter who competes in international sport shooting competitions. She is a European champion and World silver medalist in pistol shooting. She competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics but did not medal.

## Life-changing accident

In December 2012, Edon, a keen mountaineer and skier, was involved in a chairlift accident when a part of the roof collapsed. She had a brain haemorrhage which left her with hemiplegia on her left side affecting her arm and leg.