# Jacob City, Florida

Jacob City is a city in Jackson County, Florida, United States. The city is population is predominantly African American, and located on the Florida Panhandle in North Florida. The population was 217 at the 2020 census.

## History

Jacob City's history begins in the early 19th century, when many formerly enslaved people moved from Webbville to isolate themselves from harassment from the white people there, most of whose residents moved to Marianna in 1882. Webbville no longer exists, but was located around the current location of U.S. 231 and State Road 73. Marianna was known as the rich man's town and no Black people were welcome. The first known settlement of Jacob City was by a white man named Jacob Jones, who accepted Black people to be housed on his property. That is where Jacob City got its name, as they would tell their friends, "Let's go to Jacob's." As Black people arrived to escape oppression, they moved farther down and made horse wagon trails into dirt roads, forming a small community.
By the mid-19th century, Jacob was Jackson County's first Black community. Black people started their own store, but the owner was murdered and the store was never re-opened. By the late 19th century, St. Mary Missionary Baptist Church was built on what is now Main Street. It is commemorated by a Jacob City historical marker. By the early 20th century, Jacob's dirt roads were improved and its population rose, but the poverty level was high due to the lack of education, as there was no school for Black children.
St. Mary's Church provided a school, but many of its students never made it past seventh grade because they had to help with farm work at home with their parents. In 1953, St. Paul's school was established near Campbellton as an elementary and high school where Jacob children could get a better education. The Campbellton school lasted until 1972. In the late 20th century, Jacob modernized and joined the Florida League of Cities. In 1983, Jacob became Jacob City and built a city hall.

## Geography

The approximate coordinates for the City of Jacob City is located at 30°53′40″N 85°24′35″W﻿ / ﻿30.89444°N 85.40972°W﻿ / 30.89444; -85.40972 (30.894334, –85.409802).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km$^2$), of which 3.1 square miles (8.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (4.02%) is water.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, the City of Jacob City has a humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa).
Climate data for Jacob City, Florida (Marianna Municipal Airport), 1991–2020 normals :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 62.9 (17.2) | 67.1 (19.5) | 73.7 (23.2) | 80.1 (26.7) | 87.5 (30.8) | 91.2 (32.9) | 92.4 (33.6) | 91.4 (33.0) | 88.7 (31.5) | 81.1 (27.3) | 71.7 (22.1) | 64.7 (18.2) | 79.4 (26.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 51.8 (11.0) | 55.4 (13.0) | 61.5 (16.4) | 67.6 (19.8) | 75.9 (24.4) | 81.1 (27.3) | 82.7 (28.2) | 82.1 (27.8) | 78.7 (25.9) | 69.5 (20.8) | 59.6 (15.3) | 53.9 (12.2) | 68.3 (20.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 40.7 (4.8) | 43.8 (6.6) | 49.2 (9.6) | 55.1 (12.8) | 64.2 (17.9) | 71.1 (21.7) | 73.0 (22.8) | 72.8 (22.7) | 68.6 (20.3) | 58.0 (14.4) | 47.4 (8.6) | 43.0 (6.1) | 57.2 (14.0) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.04 (103) | 4.49 (114) | 5.01 (127) | 3.72 (94) | 3.15 (80) | 5.07 (129) | 5.10 (130) | 4.93 (125) | 4.06 (103) | 3.06 (78) | 3.67 (93) | 4.81 (122) | 51.11 (1,298) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.0 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 119.2 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics
### 2010 and 2020 census

Jacob City, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 14 | 17 | 13 | 4.98% | 6.80% | 5.99% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 267 | 226 | 191 | 85.02% | 90.40% | 88.02% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.40% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.46% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 0 | 6 | 9 | 0.00% | 2.40% | 4.15% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1.38% |
| Total | 281 | 250 | 217 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 250 people, 122 households, and 65 families residing in the city.
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 217 people, 130 households, and 91 families residing in the city.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 281 people, 99 households, and 73 families residing in the city. The population density was 90.7 inhabitants per square mile (35.0/km$^2$). There were 116 housing units at an average density of 37.4 per square mile (14.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 4.98% White and 95.02% African American.
In 2000, there were 99 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 28.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.36.
In 2000, in the city, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.7 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $22,292. Males had a median income of $25,481 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,037. About 24.7% of families and 26.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 7.7% of those 65 or over.

## Transportation
### Highways

SR 273
CR 162 (Jacob Road)
US 231