OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mushkoh Valley

The Mushkoh Valley is a valley situated in Dras. It is also known as valley of wild tulips, which are a major attraction for tourists. Located within Kargil district in the Indian-administered union territory of Ladakh. Widely considered to be glaciated and unsuitable for human habitation, it came into prominence during the Kargil War in 1999, when Pakistani forces crossed the Line of Control and took up positions in the region. The Mushkoh Valley is situated at the westernmost extremity of Ladakh, to the west of which lies the northern reaches of the Kashmir Valley, located in the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
The valley is nestled within Dras—the second-coldest inhabited place in the world. Dras, which is located approximately 141 kilometres (88 mi) from Srinagar, is also called 'The Gateway to Ladakh'.
The Mushkoh Valley is situated at an elevation of around 3,400 metres (11,000 ft), and is located just eight kilometres away from the main market in Dras. It has a population settled in a highland village surrounded by the mountains and meadow on all sides. The villagers are mostly involved in farming and sheep rearing.
# Calisto pulchella

Calisto pulchella, also known as the Sugar Cane Calisto, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Described by Percy Ireland Lathy in 1899, it is endemic to Hispaniola.
The larvae are a pest on sugarcane, but the native host plant is unknown.

## Subspecies

* Calisto pulchella pulchella (lowland)
* Calisto pulchella darlingtoni Clench, 1943 (Cordillera Central)
# BFC Daugavpils

BFC Daugavpils is a Latvian professional football club that is based in Daugavpils. They play in the Latvian Higher League. The club plays its home matches at the Celtnieks Stadium in Daugavpils with a capacity of 3,980 people.

## History
### Domestic history

| Season | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | Latvian Cup | Top goalscorer | Top goalscorer | Manager |
| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | Latvian Cup | Name | League | Manager |
| 2010 | 2nd | 7th | 22 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 28 | 35 | 24 | - | | | |
| 2011 | 2nd | 8th | 24 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 37 | 57 | 29 | Round of 16 | | | |
| 2012 | 2nd | 4th | 26 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 49 | 20 | 52 | Quarterfinal | | | |
| 2013 | 2nd | 1st | 30 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 104 | 16 | 79 | Quarterfinal | | | |
| 2014 | 1st | 8th | 36 | 8 | 5 | 23 | 30 | 65 | 29 | Semifinal | Pavel Ryzhevski | 6 | |
| 2015 | 1st | 6th | 24 | 2 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 37 | 14 | Round of 16 | Pavel Ryzhevski | 5 | |
| 2016 | 1st | 8th | 28 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 13 | 56 | 11 | Semifinal | Pavel Ryzhevski Syarhey Krot | 4 | |
| 2017 | 2nd | 3rd | 22 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 58 | 14 | 47 | Quarterfinal Fourth round | | | |
| 2018 | 2nd | 1st | 19 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 106 | 13 | 49 | Quarterfinal | | | |
| 2019 | 1st | 8th | 32 | 8 | 7 | 17 | 27 | 50 | 31 | Quarterfinal | Vugar Asgarov | 7 | |
| 2020 | 1st | 8th | 27 | 5 | 5 | 17 | 30 | 48 | 20 | Last 16 | Marko Regža | 7 | |

## Squad

    As of 15 September 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 2 | DF | LVA | Aleksejs Valpeters |
| 3 | MF | LVA | Artūrs Zjuzins |
| 4 | DF | LVA | Aleksandrs Molotkovs |
| 5 | DF | LVA | Aleksejs Kudeļkins |
| 6 | MF | LVA | Ņikita Barkovskis |
| 7 | MF | LVA | Kirils Bujanovs |
| 8 | MF | LVA | Raivis Skrebels |
| 9 | FW | LVA | Oļģerts Raščevskis (on loan from Valmiera FC) |
| 10 | FW | GAM | Wally Fofana |
| 14 | FW | CIV | Mohamed Koné (on loan from FK RFS) |
| 15 | MF | LVA | Mareks Mikšto |
| 17 | FW | SEN | Barthélemy Diedhiou |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | MF | LVA | Arman Galajs |
| 19 | MF | LVA | Valerijs Afanasjevs |
| 21 | FW | LVA | Dennis Avdejevs |
| 22 | FW | UKR | Artem Garzha |
| 27 | GK | LVA | Nikita Sarakins |
| 28 | GK | LVA | Lukass Žuravļovs |
| 29 | FW | NGA | Lawrance Shimave Ugen |
| 30 | MF | LVA | Ervīns Piņaskins |
| 33 | MF | LVA | Emīls Urbāns |
| 37 | DF | LVA | Glebs Mihalcovs |
| 77 | DF | LVA | Rinalds Aizups |
| 91 | GK | LVA | Frenks Orols (on loan from FK RFS) |
| 99 | MF | LVA | Gļebs Žaleiko (on loan from FK RFS) |

## Honours

* Latvian First League
** Champions (2): 2013, 2018
# Friedrich Risner

Friedrich Risner (Latin: Fridericus Risnerus; c.1533 – 15 September 1580) was a German mathematician from Hersfeld, Hesse. He was an assistant to Petrus Ramus (from around 1565) and was the first chair of mathematics at Collège Royale de France (1576).
Risner is known for his 1572 publication of Opticae thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nuncprimum editi; Eiusdem liber De Crepusculis et nubium ascensionibus, Item Vitellonis Thuringopoloni libri X (Optical Treasure: Seven books of Alhazen the Arab, published for the first time; His book On Twilight and the Rising of Clouds, Also of Vitello Thuringopoloni book X), an edition of works by Ibn al-Haitham (Alhazen) and Erazmus Ciołek Witelo (Vitello), two men who were both early pioneers in the field of optics. The publication became a major benefit to a number of mathematicians and scientists, such as Kepler, Snellius, Descartes and Huygens
He was the first to propose the idea of a portable camera obscura, which purportedly was to be used as an aid in the creation of artistic works. His idea consisted of a lightweight wooden hut that had small holes fitted with lenses in each wall, and a cube of paper placed in the centre for drawing.
After St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, Risner fled back to Hersfeld and died there eight years later. Risner was buried in Hersfeld Abbey, where his gravestone is well preserved.
The Latin circumscription on the gravestone is: Anno Domini 1580. 17. Cal. Octob. pie in Christo obiit clariss. vir Fridericus Risner insignis et praestantissimus Mathematicus qui hic terrae mandatus sonitum tubae expectat aetatis suae 47.
The English translation of the inscription reads: "In the year 1580 on the 15th of September, died in Christ at the age of 47, the well famous Friedrich Risner, an outstanding, excellent mathematician, who passed to soil here, will expect the sound of trumpet."
# Malyutin

Malyutin (masculine, Russian: Малютин) or Malyutina (feminine, Russian: Малютина) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maxim Malyutin (born 1988), Belarusian ice hockey player
* Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937), Russian architect, painter, and stage designer
# Yan Souto

Yan da Cruz Souto (born 5 October 2001), known as Yan Souto, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Juventude.

## Club career

Born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Yan Souto began his career with hometown side União ABC before moving to Londrina in 2018. After leaving in 2021, he returned to his former club, and made his first team debut in the year's Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense.
On 7 January 2022, after a brief period at Boston City Brasil, Yan Souto signed for Floresta, reuniting with former manager Ricardo Drubscky. On 11 March, after just five matches, he was presented at Série A side Goiás.
Yan Souto made his top tier debut on 19 June 2022, starting in a 1–0 away loss against Corinthians. He was loaned to Série B side Vitória on 27 March 2023, helping in the club's promotion as champions.
Back to Goiás for the 2024 season, with the club now in the second division, Yan Souto played regularly before joining top tier side Juventude on 19 July of that year, signing a contract until 2026.

## Career statistics

    As of 24 July 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| União ABC | 2021 | Sul-Mato-Grossense | — | — | 12 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Boston City Brasil | 2021 | Mineiro 2ª Divisão | — | — | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Floresta | 2022 | Série C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Goiás | 2022 | Série A | 8 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 1 |
| Goiás | 2023 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Goiás | 2024 | Série B | 4 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Goiás | Total | Total | 12 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 1 |
| Vitória (loan) | 2023 | Série B | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Juventude | 2024 | Série A | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 26 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 73 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa do Nordeste
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa Verde

## Honours

Vitória
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2023
# José Revueltas

José Revueltas Sánchez (November 20, 1914 in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango – April 14, 1976 in Mexico City) was a Mexican writer, essayist, and political activist. He was part of an important artistic family that included his siblings Silvestre (composer), Fermín (painter) and Rosaura (actress).

## Biography
### Early life

José Revueltas Sánchez was born on November 20, 1914, in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. In 1920, the family relocated to Mexico City, first to the colonia Roma and then to colonia Doctores. He studied at the Colegio Alemán until the fourth grade and finished his primary education in public school. The family entered an economic crisis after the death of his father In 1923. He left school in 1925, but continued through self-education in the Biblioteca Nacional.

### Political activism

Revueltas joined the Mexican Communist Party in 1928, but was expelled in 1943 for his criticisms of the organization's bureaucratic practices and for his critique of the Mexican Left, Mexico: Ensayo de un proletariado sin cabeza (Essay About a Headless Proletariat).
He founded the Liga Espartaquista (Spartacist League) and the Partido Popular Socialista (Popular Socialist Party, or PPS), from which he also was expelled for questioning and criticizing the Left.

### Imprisonment

Authorities arrested Revueltas for his participation in a political "riot" in the Zócalo in 1929. He was accused of sedition and rioting and sent to the maximum-security penal colony Islas Marías. He was freed on bail after six months. He was again incarcerated in Islas Marías from July to November 1932, and again in 1934 for organizing a strike among agrarian peasants in Camarón, Nuevo León.
He was again imprisoned in 1958 for his participation in the Railwaymen's Movement.
In 1968 he was accused of being the "intellectual author" of the student movement that culminated in the Tlatelolco massacre, so he was arrested and sent to the Palacio de Lecumberri prison (aka The Black Palace), where he wrote one of his more popular books: El apando (The Punishment Cell) (A. Revueltas 1998; Valle, Alvárez Garín, and J. Revueltas 1970).
Translated from the Spanish Wikipedia article.

### Death and memorial

Revueltas died on April 14, 1976, at the age of 61. The official cause of death was post-cardiac arrest.
A memorial for Revueltas was held at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Secretary of Public Education Victor Bravo Ahuja attended on behalf of President Luis Echeverría, Ahuja was encouraged to leave by Professor Martín Dosal, who had been imprisoned with Revueltas.
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced in 2021 that the former prison where Revueltas was held would be rehabilitated as the environmental and cultural education center "Muros de Agua-José Revueltas".

## Writings

* Los muros de agua (1941)
* El luto humano (1943) Published in English as Human Mourning and also as The Stone Knife
* Dios en la tierra (1944)
* Los días terrenales (1949)
* Los errores (1964)
* El apando (1969) Published in English as The Hole
* México 68: Juventud Y Revolución (1968–1972)
# Wolfgang P. Schleich

Wolfgang P. Schleich (born 23 February 1957, in Mühldorf am Inn, Germany) is professor of theoretical physics and director of the quantum physics department at the University of Ulm.

## Education, work and career

From 1980 to 1984, Schleich performed work on his diploma thesis and his Ph.D. with Marlan O. Scully at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, with an intermediate research visit at the Institute of Modern Optics, Albuquerque, United States from 1982 to 1983. After completion of his Ph.D., he performed post-doctorate research with John Archibald Wheeler at the Center for Theoretical Physics in Austin, Texas.
From 1986 to 1991, he worked as a research scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching under Herbert Walther. In 1991, Schleich was nominated professor of theoretical physics at the University of Ulm. Schleich is author of several books, including Quantum Optics in Phase Space and Elements of quantum information.
His areas of research include the foundations of quantum physics, as well as quantum mechanics in relation to general relativity and to number theory. His recent work includes elaborations on the role of the Wigner function in terms of quantum optics.

## Awards

* 1983: Otto Hahn Medal
* 1991: Physics Award of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
* 1993: Ernst Abbe Medal
* 1995: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
* 1997: Fellow of the Optical Society
* 2002: Max Planck Research Award
* 2007: First Class Medal of the Czech Technical University in Prague
* 2008: Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics
* 2008: Distinguished Professor at the University of North Texas
* 2021: Herbert Walther Award

## Publications

* Schleich, Wolfgang (2007). Elements of quantum information. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40725-5. OCLC 181348428.
* Schleich, Wolfgang (2001). Quantum optics in phase space. Berlin New York: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-29435-0. OCLC 41017894.
* Scully, Marlan (2000). Ode to a quantum physicist : a festschrift in honor of Marlan O. Scully. Amsterdam Oxford: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-50538-5. OCLC 45304737.
* Wolfgang Schleich: Optische Tests der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, Universität München (Ph.D. thesis) / Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 1984
* Wolfgang Schleich: Quantenfluktuationen in Ringlaser-Gyroskopen, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (Diplom thesis), 1981
# Gloucester City Hockey Club

Gloucester City Hockey Club is a field hockey club that is based at Gloucester. It has two home ground venues; the Oxstalls Tennis Centre, Plock Court, Longford and at St Peter's High School, Gloucester.
The club runs five women's teams with the first XI playing in the Women's England Hockey League Division One North. The men's section has four men's teams with the first XI playing in the Men's Verde Recreo League.
# Strafkompanie

Strafkompanie ("Punitive Unit") is the German word for the penal labor division in the Nazi concentration camps.
SK was the abbreviation used in the concentration camps for the notorious Strafkompanies. These penal divisions were yet another hardship that could be forced on the already exhausted inmates of the camps. The prisoners of the Strafkompanie were given hard work, e.g., in the quarries, where most "workers" died. In the SK they worked longer hours than other inmates, had shorter breaks, less food, more brutal treatment, and they lived isolated in separate barracks.
The Strafkompanie consisted of all kinds of prisoners: criminals, Jews, Soviet POWs, political prisoners, priests, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, Roma and Sinti. The criteria for the selection to the penal division were arbitrary.
# Chris Darwin

Christopher William Darwin (born 16 March 1961) is an environmentalist and nature conservationist who lives in Australia and works on his goal of halting the global mass extinction of species. He is the ambassador of the charity Bush Heritage Australia. He is the great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin.

## Biography

Darwin was born in 1961 in London. He is the son of George Erasmus Darwin, a metallurgist, known as "Erasmus", and his wife Shuna (née Service). He has an older brother Robert George Darwin and a younger sister, Sarah Darwin Vogel, an evolutionary biologist. He is descended from Charles Darwin via Charles's son George Howard Darwin (1845-1912) an astronomer, his son William Robert Darwin (1894-1970), a stockbroker and brother of the physicist Charles Galton Darwin, and his wife Sarah Monica (née Slingsby) were the parents of George Erasmus Darwin (1927-2017).
Ironically, given his famous ancestor, Darwin struggled with biology in his school years, failing the biology A-level. He later graduated from Oxford Polytechnic (latterly Oxford Brookes University) with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology and Geography. In 1983 he started London’s first bicycle rickshaw taxi service, and in 1984 was official photographer and assistant organiser for the first Round Britain Windsurf Expedition. The book Round Britain Windsurf by Tim Batstone, features Darwin's photographs. He worked in advertising and television commercial production in the United Kingdom before emigrating to Australia in 1986.
In 1991, he co-authored (with John Amy) the book The Social Climbers. In 1995, he co-edited (also with John Amy), The Ultimate Australian Adventure Guide. Darwin is married to Jacqui and has three children, Ali, Erasmus (Ras), and Monty. They live in the Blue Mountains west of Sydney, New South Wales, where Chris works in nature conservation.

## Charitable work

Darwin co-authored (with John Amy) the book The Social Climbers. Written about a 1989 event in which Darwin and a group of seven other friends held a dinner party on top of Mount Huascaran in Peru, the book raised money for the National Heart Foundation. The dinner party itself set a world record for the "highest formal dinner party on Earth."
In 2003, Darwin made a donation to the Bush Heritage Australia charity to help purchase the Charles Darwin Reserve in Western Australia. The 65,000 hectare reserve is intended to preserve plant species.
In 2009 he became an ambassador for Bush Heritage Australia.

## Public appearances and opinions

In 2005 Chris, along with other descendants of Charles Darwin, including his father, sister, and various cousins, were involved in counting the flowers at Down House. He was also the guest of honour at a dinner celebrating the Darwin bicentenary at Melbourne Museum.
Darwin believes that teaching children creationism is acceptable, despite his own lack of religious faith. He believes that it is "important that children think through what is told to them and come to their own conclusions."
# Diogo Batista

Diogo Batista de Souza (born 29 August 2003), known as Diogo Batista or just Diogo, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right back for Água Santa, on loan from Coritiba.

## Club career

Born in Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Minas Gerais, Diogo joined Coritiba's youth setup in 2019, aged 16, from PSTC. On 19 December 2022, he signed a new contract with the club.
On 17 February 2023, after being promoted to the main squad, Diogo further extended his contract until the end of 2024. He made his first team – and Série A – debut on 3 July, starting in a 2–1 away win over Goiás.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 July 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Coritiba | 2023 | Série A | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Coritiba | 2024 | Série B | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Coritiba | Total | Total | 11 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Remo (loan) | 2024 | Série C | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 18 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
# A. R. R. Raghuraman

A. R. R. Raghuraman is an Indian politician who is a Member of Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected from Sattur as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 2021.

## Electoral performance

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Sattur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | A. R. R. Raghuraman | 74,174 | 38.94% | +0.81 |
| | AIADMK | R. K. Ravichandhran | 62,995 | 33.07% | −7.58 |
| | AMMK | M. S. R. Rajavarman | 32,916 | 17.28% | New |
| | NTK | K. Pandi | 12,626 | 6.63% | +5.76 |
| | IJK | M. Bharathi | 1,751 | 0.92% | New |
| | PT | G. Marikannan | 1,599 | 0.84% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,297 | 0.68% | −0.15 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 11,179 | 5.87% | 3.35% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 190,486 | 75.18% | −3.04% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 218 | 0.11% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 253,363 | | |
| | DMK gain from AIADMK | DMK gain from AIADMK | Swing | -1.71% | |
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Sattur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AIADMK | S. G. Subramanian | 71,513 | 40.65% | −17.67 |
| | DMK | V. Srinivasan | 67,086 | 38.13% | −0.94 |
| | MDMK | A. R. R. Raghuraman | 25,442 | 14.46% | New |
| | BJP | P. Gnanapandithan | 3,407 | 1.94% | New |
| | NTK | S. Muthuvel Nachiar | 1,520 | 0.86% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,455 | 0.83% | New |
| | AIFB | K. Pasupathidevan | 958 | 0.54% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 4,427 | 2.52% | −16.73% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 175,939 | 78.22% | −3.94% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 224,931 | | |
| | AIADMK hold | AIADMK hold | Swing | -17.67% | |
# Kashan (Murghab)

Kashan River is the left tributary of Murghab River in the Central Asian states of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.

## History

Kashan River flows into Badghis province, northwest of Afghanistan on the northern side of the Selseleh-ye Safīd Kūh (ancient name: Paropamisus ). From the north it flows to Turkmenistan and into the Murghab River close to Tagtabazar.
# Pachychilon pictum

Pachychilon pictum, the Albanian roach, is one of a few species of cyprinid fish so named, found predominantly in Albania and in parts of Greece, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro; and since the 1980s, introduced subpopulations have become established in the Adour, Dordogne, Garonne and Aude river systems in southern France, and in the Serchio River system and Lake Massaciuccoli in Tuscany, northwestern Italy. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.