# Ohio Wesleyan University

Ohio Wesleyan University (abbrevriated OWU) is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and Central Ohio residents, and is a member of the Ohio Five – a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges.
The 200-acre (81 ha) site is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio. It includes the main academic and residential campus, Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.

## History
### Founding (1841–1855)

In 1841, Ohio residents Adam Poe and Charles Elliott decided to establish a university "of the highest order" in central Ohio. To that end, they purchased the Mansion House Hotel, a former health resort featuring the Sulphur Spring, using funds raised from local residents. Poe and Elliott wrote a charter emphasizing "the democratic spirit of teaching", which was approved by the Ohio State Legislature. Early in the following year they opened the college preparatory academy and formed a board of trustees. Ohio Wesleyan University, named (like several other U.S. colleges and universities) after John Wesley, founder of Methodism, opened on November 13, 1844, as a Methodist-related but nonsectarian institution, with a College of Liberal Arts for male students.
Ohio Wesleyan's first president, Edward Thomson, stated in his inaugural address on August 5, 1846, that the school was "a product of the liberality of the local people." This liberal philosophy contributed to Ohio Wesleyan's vocal opposition to slavery in the 1850s. In the annual celebration for George Washington's birthday in 1862, second president Frederick Merrick endorsed Ohio Wesleyan's "ideals of democracy" during his oration.

### Early growth (1855–1930)

During the mid-19th century, Ohio Wesleyan focused on attracting students, adding fields of study, and fundraising, by which it significantly increased its endowment. Sturges Hall was constructed as the university's first library in 1855. In 1873, the school added the Department of Natural History housed in Merrick Hall. The Ohio Wesleyan Female College, established in 1853, merged with the university in 1877. Between 1876 and 1888, enrollment tripled and music education greatly increased, yet no major buildings were built in this time.
By the end of the 19th century, Ohio Wesleyan had added a School of Music (1877), School of Fine Arts (1877), School of Oratory (1894), and Business School (1895) to the original College of Liberal Arts (founded in 1844). To address the need for new departments and specialized instruction, the administration improved the facilities and courses to make them on par with OWU's new academic position. University Hall, Slocum Library, extensions to the Monnett campus, and athletic facilities were all constructed during that period.
Between 1891 and 1895, Ohio Wesleyan specialized the curriculum by establishing departments for physics, zoology, geology, speech, history, French, English, and economics. This specialization encouraged undergraduates to continue studies at graduate level, allowed professional preparation for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, and promoted exchange study in Europe. Two professional schools for law and medicine were formed in 1896.
In 1905, the board of trustees decided to keep Ohio Wesleyan a college, despite the expansion of the curriculum and campus and the word "university" in the institution's name. The Bachelor of Science degree was abolished, which left only the Bachelor of Arts. Two students were selected as Rhodes Scholars in 1905 and 1909. Edwards Gymnasium was built in 1906. In 1907, the United Societies of Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest undergraduate honor society in the United States, installed the "Eta of Ohio" ΦΒΚ chapter on campus. In 1909, the school added Sanborn Hall, housing the Music Department.
In the 1920s, academic requirements for the bachelor's degree were reduced, and Latin and mathematics were no longer emphasized. During the presidency of John W. Hoffman (1916–1928), the academy and School of Business were closed; the academy had started in 1842 as a preparatory school, and throughout its seventy-five years frequently outnumbered the college in enrollment. Also in the 1920s, the chapel service was dropped and sororities were formed. Ohio Wesleyan also increased the number of buildings on campus, including Selby Stadium, Austin Manor, and Perkins Observatory; another building, Stuyvesant Hall, was in planning; and Edgar Hall was opened.

### Curriculum changes (1930–1984)

During the Great Depression, both enrollment and alumni donations shrank. While the faculty size remained stable, lack of tuition and alumni revenues precipitated financial problems which threatened the college's survival in the administrations of Edmund D. Soper (1928–1938), Acting President Edward Loranus Rice (1938–1939), and Herbert John Burgstahler (1939–1949).
The administration adjusted the curriculum during the early 1930s to address these problems. Greek and Latin declined, while business administration and economics thrived and the highest enrollments were in the social sciences, English, pre-medicine, and history. The registrar reported that, in these years, the number of students from New England states, urban Ohio areas, and from international locations increased. By the 1930s, the Methodist students were a minority among the student body; formal ties to the Methodist church were severed in the 1920s and led to debate among board members in the 1930s, eventually resulting in the university's current active but loose historical affiliation with the United Methodist Church. In a study into the relationship between American educational institutions and the Christian denominations they were historically affiliated with, James Tunstead Burtuchell writes that it was during this period that "in its personnel, its resources, and its students", Ohio Wesleyan lost its "symbiotic intimacy with the United Methodist Church."
In 1946, Ohio Wesleyan introduced a new "Centennial Curriculum", which enacted seven distribution requirements across the sciences and humanities; the new requirement for a foreign language course was added to the existing humanities requirement. Thomson and Bashford Halls, originally men's dorms, were built between 1951 and 1954. In the 1960s, faculty, staff and administrators fought over administrative structure and control. They eventually settled on a new "statement of aims" that stressed values, rather than religious goal statements, and instituted a more internationalized curriculum, a new Women's Studies Program, and an International Business major; the faculty senate also introduced a new academic calendar with three 10.5-week terms.
Thomas Wenzlau's presidency (1968–1984) began with the challenge of campus unrest: Ohio Wesleyan students took over the ROTC building, demanded its shut-down, and eventually eliminated ROTC in 1970. Students also demanded participation in departmental meetings and faculty committees, and the democratic process in the governance of Ohio Wesleyan grew in this period. Wenzlau's presidency witnessed decline in students' test scores, an unusually high attrition rate, lack of adequate research to identify potential major donors and a growing "party school" image, leading to a rocky relationship between him and the student body. Between 1979 and 1982, the campus newspaper The Transcript frequently criticized Wenzlau's presidency, blaming it for "severely affecting the reputation of the college". This exchange resulted in a Washington Post report on the school that eventually precipitated the end of Wenzlau's presidency.

### Contemporary period (1984–present)

The president, David Warren, increased admission standards in 1985, engaged students in a "live-in" presidency, expanded media exposure and established a National Colloquium focused on the liberal arts. Warren engaged in forty-one interviews on the ABC and NBC networks.
More recently, Ohio Wesleyan has achieved several academic and athletic recognitions. A 1986 study, titled "Educating America's Scientists: The Role of the Research Colleges," identified Ohio Wesleyan as one of 48 highly selective "science-active" liberal arts institutions in the nation. The Battling Bishops won NCAA Division III national championships in men's basketball (1988) and men's (1998, 2011) and women's (2001, 2002) soccer. Despite these efforts, Ohio Wesleyan is one of many liberal arts colleges in the United States that is experiencing declining enrollment. The 2017 incoming class was 9% smaller than the year before.
Ohio Wesleyan continues to undertake construction projects. The Hamilton-Williams Campus Center opened in 1991. The Memorial Union Building was renovated in 2001 to accommodate the Economics Department, the Academic Resource Center, the Information Services portion of the combined Libraries and Information Services department, and the Woltemade Center for Economics, Business and Entrepreneurship. The Schimmel/Conrades Science Center opened in 2004 to provide 52,000 square feet (4,800 m$^2$) of additional space for the science departments. In 2011, the Meek Aquatics Center opened as a state-of-the-art facility, also used by the Delaware community. In 2018, the university opened the Delaware Entrepreneurial Center at OWU in collaboration with the City of Delaware and Delaware County. In 2019, Ohio Wesleyan announced an ambitious Residential Renewal project, committing $60M to renovating existing buildings and the construction of a new village of apartments.

## Campus

The Ohio Wesleyan campus is next to downtown Delaware, and is bisected by Sandusky Street, the main north–south street through the heart of the city. The street informally divides the campus into an eastern sector composed mainly of academic buildings and a western sector composed mainly of residential and administrative buildings. Many facilities have been constructed in the last two years, with substantial benefit to science, art, and athletic programs on campus.

### Other facilities and off-campus programs

OWU operates several facilities outside campus: The Philadelphia Business Center, Wesleyan in Washington, The New York Arts Program for the performing, visual, and media arts (a GLCA arts program), Perkins Observatory, The Strand Theatre, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.
Perkins Observatory is situated in Delaware on land separate to the main campus. The observatory is named after Hiram Perkins, a former professor of mathematics and astronomy at the college. When the observatory was built in 1931, it housed the third-largest telescope in the world, which has since been moved to Arizona. The Perkins dome now houses a 32-inch (810 mm) telescope, which is the second-largest in Ohio.
The university also maintains offices for study abroad, US domestic study, and internship programs. Such programs include: Wesleyan in Washington, which allows students to study for a semester in Washington, D.C., in research and internship positions. The Philadelphia Center offers students hundreds of internship and field placement opportunities off-campus and the chance to live independently. and the New York Arts Program, which allows students of the arts to gain a semester of hands on experience in the arts in New York City.

### Community relations

OWU has strong community ties with the City of Delaware. Students participate in Delaware's community through a variety of educational, social, and cultural programs. The student-led Columbus Initiative, founded in 1989, is an experiential learning partnership between OWU and Columbus public schools. More than 150 Ohio Wesleyan students from this program tutor and mentor underprivileged pupils from Columbus.
The Ohio Wesleyan Ambassadors Program (ISAP) promotes cultural diversity and ethnic awareness within the local community, and exposes international students to American culture through the community. The program's ambassadors visit local schools to give presentations and participate in events for local non-profit community organizations.
Campus organizations cooperate with local residents on issues of civic engagement and activism. Progress OWU allows students from Ohio Wesleyan and local schools to express their voices on politics, public policy, and corporate and social issues, both on campus and in the local community.
Cultural programs also take part in community relations. In the 1960s, Ohio Wesleyan donated the Arts Castle, then part of the Fine Arts department, to the City of Delaware. It is now home to the Delaware County Cultural Arts Center. The Arts Castle hosts a variety of community programs in art, and offers classes ranging from ballet to fine arts. In 2004, the OWU received a donation to rehabilitate the historic Strand Theatre in downtown Delaware.
The university and the City of Delaware sponsor several events in town throughout the year: the Delaware Arts Festival, the Little Brown Jug, the Delaware County Fair, and the Castle Arts Affair. The Delaware Arts Festival is an annual event held the weekend after Mother's Day on the streets of Historic Downtown Delaware. The festival hosts over 170 booths featuring works of local, regional, and other artists. OWU professors chair the committees that select winners. The Little Brown Jug, a harness race, is run during the Delaware County Fair in September. The OWU president and the college mascot traditionally award the trophy for the first division of the first heat of the race.

## Academics
### Profile

Ohio Wesleyan University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission, and is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association, the Oberlin Group, and the Five Colleges of Ohio, a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges which also includes Kenyon College, Oberlin College, The College of Wooster, and Denison University. For 2011, Ohio Wesleyan accepted approximately 52% of its regular decision applicants, 33% of its transfer applicants, and had a yield rate of 26%. In 2010, the college accepted 36% of its international applicants. The middle 50% range of matriculating students for the class of 2010 was 1125–1320 for the SAT (old scale) and 24–30 for the ACT. Approximately 35% of accepted applicants were granted internal scholarships. Ohio Wesleyan follows a need-blind admission policy; financial circumstances are not considered when deciding whether to admit applicants. As of 2010, OWU's 1,950 students come from 43 states and 57 countries; 47% are from Ohio, 11% are international, and 54% are female. The student body is about 10% Asian, 6% Hispanic, and 9% Black. Fifty-nine percent of Ohio Wesleyan students claim no religious affiliation. The student-faculty ratio is 11:1 and faculty members teach all classes. Excluding independent studies and senior theses, nearly 60% of Ohio Wesleyan's class sections have fewer than twenty students enrolled. Ohio Wesleyan is generally known for a strong "left-leaning" student body and an administration with a "permissive" attitude. In 2007, 60% of OWU students favored the Democratic Party. In its 2015 edition of U.S. college rankings, Niche ranked Ohio Wesleyan 56th (out of 880 colleges) most politically liberal college in the U.S.
Ohio Wesleyan admits students of all cultures, lifestyles, and socio-economic backgrounds. An index examining gay-friendly policies places OWU among the nation's gay-friendly colleges, and the university enacts policies to meet the six criteria developed by the Campus-Pride organization for recruiting and supporting students from a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population. Nearly 18% of students at Ohio Wesleyan receive Federal Pell Grants, which mostly go to students whose family incomes are below $40,000. This measure indicates the degree to which economically disadvantaged groups are represented at OWU.
The faculty consists of 142 tenured members. As of 2010, all the university's tenured or tenure-track faculty members hold a PhD or other terminal degree. The faculty is 37% female and 63% male, with 10% from underrepresented groups. Also as of 2006, women constitute 37% of the tenured professors and earn 94% of what male professors earn – numbers which suggest favorable gender circumstances.

### Curriculum, degrees and majors

Freshmen are paired early in their first year with academic advisors who oversee their students' academic progress. Upon completing 34 units of coursework, students may earn diplomas in Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, or Bachelor of Music. Ohio Wesleyan has research departments and teaching faculties in most academic disciplines; as of 2019, OWU offered nearly 90 majors.
In its early days, OWU's curriculum began with classical studies, for the course catalogue maintained that "the classical course in Greek and Latin and pure mathematics bring correctness in mental processes that an applied art, or a living and slightly inflected language, do not permit." Scientific courses were added to Ohio Wesleyan's curriculum in 1849, and since then, scientific subjects have become a foundation to the liberal arts curriculum. OWU also has a highly respected music department.
Its most popular majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:
* Zoology/Animal Biology (23)
* Psychology (21)
* Sports, Kinesiology, & Physical Education/Fitness (16)
* Business Administration & Management (15)
* History (15)
* Political Science & Government (12)

### Emphasis on internationalism

Ohio Wesleyan has upheld academic internationalism since its early years; since the 19th century, the college has established links with several international schools. In 1879, OWU alumna Elizabeth Russell founded Kwassui Women's College in Nagasaki, Japan, when predominant Japanese culture considered women's education unimportant. Today, Kwassui College is one of the top finishing schools for young women in Japan. In 1899, William Ehnis (from the class of 1898) traveled to Africa and opened a school in Mutare, Zimbabwe, that eventually became the Africa University. Ada M. Coe was an early woman Spanish Professor here in 1917.
The school also manifests international interest in the percentage of international students it recruits and enrolls annually. Since 1983, Ohio Wesleyan has been listed in U.S. News & World Report among colleges that attract the highest percentage of international students. The percentage of international students grew in the early and mid-1990s. In a study adjusted for school size, Ohio Wesleyan came ninth among 118 American colleges and universities in total aid awards to international students and 69th in average award per international student among both large universities and small liberal arts colleges. South East Asian students have significantly contributed to this growth. The United Nations flag, along with the flags of more than sixty represented nations and the U.S. flag, flies in University Hall in honor of the ideal of peaceful international relations.
High participation in formal exchange programs constitutes a third target of the school's international focus. Under a Great Lakes Colleges Association agreement, OWU established an exchange program with Waseda University in 1962 to provide approximately 30 American students with opportunities to study in Japan and 30 Japanese students to study at Ohio Wesleyan each year. The Salamanca program, founded by Conrad Kent in 1988, conducts the exchange of approximately one hundred students and faculty between OWU and the University of Salamanca in Spain. The academic collaboration frequently extends to joint participation in academic symposia: in 1993, members of the Salamanca faculty participated in a symposium on the Golden Age in Salamanca.

### Libraries

The Beeghly Library is the main library of OWU. The library contains nearly 500,000 volumes in its collection, and is also home to the Archives of Ohio United Methodism, the Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Artifacts collection, as well as an archival collection of materials related to the history of the university.
The Hobson Science Library is part of the Schimmel Conrades Science Center and supports research in the earth, life, and physical sciences.
OWU has 11 full-time librarians, with subject liaisons for each academic department, as well as a full-time archivist.

## Student life
### Organizations and activities

Ohio Wesleyan University has 95 student clubs and organizations. The university offers three chapels as well as several Christian and other religious groups for its students. Its social organizations cover a wide range of interests, including chess, ultimate, finance, and medieval sword fighting. There are two a cappella singing groups on campus, "The OWtsiders," a student-run group formed in 1999, and the all-female "Pitch Black" established in 2005. Another entertainment-related club is "The Babbling Bishops", an improvisational comedy troupe. The "Babbling Bishops" started in the fall of 1990 when a group of theatre concentration students formed a performance-oriented project for their theatre degrees. The project became an improv comedy troupe, rehearsing in Stuyvesant Hall and performing with other college improv troupes since 1996.
Socially conscious students can join organizations such as the activist group "Young Democratic Socialists" or participate in student government groups, such as the Campus Programming Board and the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs. The "PRIDE" organization offers support to OWU's LGBT students.
Fewer than a third of Ohio Wesleyan's students are involved in Greek life, but that percentage has fluctuated significantly throughout the university's history. All six fraternities and five sororities on campus are currently involved in many philanthropic and community programs. The OWU chapter of Phi Kappa Psi (Phi Psi) was closed after the death of Luke Anthony Gabbert, a pledge who fell into a creek in 2016 after drinking large amounts of alcohol.
OWU's oldest student organizations are its literary clubs, including a number of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. The school's student-run weekly newspaper, The Transcript, is the oldest continuously published, independent, college newspaper in the United States. The OWL, an annual literary publication, features students' work and is one of the nation's oldest college literary magazines. Other student publications include The Civic Arts Review, the electronic Connect2OWU bulletin, and @Wesleyan, a quarterly online magazine. OWU Radio, formerly WSLN, broadcasts from Phillips Hall, and offers show times to students, faculty, and local citizens of Delaware.
The university also has a student government, the Wesleyan Council on Student Affairs (WCSA).

### Activism

Activism as represented in OWU's founding vision has had a significant role in Ohio Wesleyan's history.
The first president, Edward Thomson, staunchly supported the abolition of slavery and liberalism. Other individuals associated with the university have fought racism. Branch Rickey, an alumnus, broke the racial barrier in baseball. Mary King, a civil rights activist, worked alongside Martin Luther King Jr. in the U.S. civil rights movement while she was a staff member of OWU's Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). In the 1980s, Ohio Wesleyan's administration fully divested holdings connected to South Africa. As of September 2007, Ohio Wesleyan joined a small group of liberal colleges that opposed the methodology and questioned the usefulness of U.S. News & World Report college rankings, despite the fact that the magazine ranked Ohio Wesleyan highly.
OWU has partisan political groups ranging from liberal to socialist, such the College Democrats and Young Democratic Socialists of America, and several activism awareness groups such as Black Men of the Future, Black Student Union (formerly Student Union on Black Awareness), PRIDE, Viva Latinx, and Rafiki Wa Afrika. Many students complete internships for state representatives in the nearby state capitol, Columbus.

### Traditions

Many Ohio Wesleyan traditions originate from its early years. Monnett Weekend, beginning in 1896, welcomes female alumni, parents, and friends of the university. Events include a "People's Parade" with clowns, banners and marching, faculty lectures, Maypole dancing, Choral Arts Society, and an all-campus carnival. It started as a girls' athletic fête held at the Monnett Athletic Club for Mothers Day. All events were held at the Monnett Campus, where female students danced around the Maypole, while men were barred. The men, in turn, developed their own tradition: they arrived at Monnett Campus early in the morning, and concealed themselves in trees to watch the festivities, discreetly.
In 1884, Ohio Wesleyan held its first Mock Convention, which has recurred in every United States presidential election year since 1920. Its purpose is to inform participants, students, faculty staff, and Ohio residents about the presidential nominating convention, presidential candidate, and key issues in the upcoming election.
Beginning in the 1920s, all freshmen were required to wear "dinks", red caps with black brims and a black W on the front. This tradition ended in the 1960s. The freshman class of 1957 wore dinks for half the first semester.
Ohio Wesleyan's Homecoming takes place in early October, while the Ohio Wesleyan football team plays one of its traditional rivals.
The President's Ball, a recent gala organized by the college president, takes place on the first Saturday of December. Other traditions include OWU vs. Denison, which stages a "fierce" athletic rivalry between Ohio Wesleyan and Denison University; the Sagan Colloquium, spanning the fall semester, recently expanded to include the spring semester, which consists of speeches focusing on an issue of concern to the liberal arts; and Orchesis, an annual celebration of modern dance and the arts, which occurs at the end of the academic year. "Fresh-X" is an optional program for newly admitted students that occurs just before orientation in which students may choose between hiking, backpacking and other outdoor activities to make friends with their new classmates.
The campus used to host two major musical events, Unity through Music and Springfest. Unity through Music occurred once a year in the fall semester, and covered various musical styles in a carnival atmosphere, during the day; during the evening, a huge dance is held in the Hamilton-Williams Campus Center. Springfest, the second musical event, proceeded in mid-April and had featured well-known music groups such as Counting Crows, The Roots, Guster, Ben Folds, and Gym Class Heroes. It was organized by the Campus Programming Board, who have changed the name to "Bishop Bash," in an attempt to create more campus pride.
A rock next to Hayes Hall has been part of the residential campus for the last 50 years, and students continually repaint it with graffiti and slogans.

### Housing

The university can house up to 1,600 students on campus. First-year students are required to live on campus in Smith Hall during their first two semesters. A lottery system matches second to fourth-year students with dormitories and another lottery system determines how many students are allowed to live in off-campus housing. Housing options include dormitories, small living units, fraternities, and cooperative housing.
Thomson, Bashford, Stuyvesant, and Smith Halls are large mid-rise dormitories on campus. Welch Hall is designated as a "quiet" dorm for honors students. Hayes Hall is an all-female dorm.
Approximately 90 non-freshmen students live in Small Living Units (SLUs), which are co-ops united voluntarily to meet shared economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations in democratically controlled houses. The houses allow students to live cooperatively with one another by sharing regularly scheduled house chores, participating in the decision process, and, in some, sharing the cooking duties. Each unit houses a group of 10–17 students, and is organized to promote a common theme, usually indicated by the co-op's name. As of the 2022–2023 academic year, the SLUs consist of The Creative Arts House; The Citizens of the World House; The Sexuality and Gender Equality House; The House of Linguistic Diversity (HOLD); LA CASA, The Tree House; The Service. Engagement, and Leadership House; and The Interfaith House. The university owns these houses; the co-ops, therefore, must follow the university's living policies. The co-ops do, however, elect their own members and do not have resident advisers or faculty in residence like other on-campus residence halls. They have a House Moderator who is selected by Residential Life and undergoes the same training as a resident advisor. At the end of each calendar year, every existing and potential co-op must submit a house proposal describing its plans for theme promotion for the next academic year. The University Housing office places co-ops in houses every year on a competitive basis. In addition the school offers Theme Houses, which do not have to go through the renewal process. They include the Honors House (HoHo) and House of Black Culture.
Off-campus housing is available only to students residing in Delaware, Ohio while living with their spouse or direct family; 17 percent of students live off-campus. Most students assert Ohio Wesleyan's policy of off-campus housing as one of the "worst things" about Ohio Wesleyan.

## Athletics

Ohio Wesleyan participates in the NCAA's Division III as a member of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC). Known as the Battling Bishops, Ohio Wesleyan competes in 25 varsity men's and women's sports. The newest sports, men's wrestling and women's rowing, begin competition during the 2018–2019 academic year. The official school colors are red and black. Formal athletics at the college date to 1875, when the first football teams were organized to play against other institutions. In the late 1880s, Ohio Wesleyan had perhaps the strongest amateur baseball team in the state of Ohio behind the pitching of Phil "Lefty" Saylor. The school joined the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902. In 1983, Ohio Wesleyan joined with nine other colleges in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania to create the North Coast Athletic Conference. The NCAC seeks to bring together a group of liberal arts institutions that value the primacy of the academic mission over the athletic one.
The men's lacrosse, golf and soccer teams are the most historically successful of the varsity teams, and soccer is the university's most intently followed sport. For seven of the last twelve years, Ohio Wesleyan has won the NCAC conference All-Sports Trophy for excellence in both women's and men's sports. In the Sears Director's Cup standings, OWU is among the top 25 overall collegiate athletics programs in the country. Because of the North Coast Athletic Association athletic agreement, the university is not permitted to offer academic scholarships for athletic recruiting.
Ohio Wesleyan has won five NCAA Division III Championships, including men's basketball (1988), men's soccer (1998 and 2011), and women's soccer (2001 and 2002). In addition, Ohio Wesleyan's varsity athletic teams have been NCAC champions over 100 times, leading the Denison Big Red and the Kenyon Owls.
The nickname The Battling Bishops dates to 1925. This is also the name of the university's mascot, The Battling Bishop. Due to its ironic name, the mascot has been listed as one of the weirdest college mascots. Due to its red robe, The Battling Bishop looks actually like a Cardinal. Before 1925, Ohio Wesleyan's teams were referred to as "The Red and Black" and "The Methodists". Many schools, including several other Methodist ones, also claimed crimson and black as their colors, so the university decided to change the name.
Ohio Wesleyan maintains athletic rivalries with other NCAC institutions. The men's lacrosse team has a historic rivalry with the Denison Big Red, the football team with the Wittenberg Tigers, the soccer team with the Kenyon Owls, and the field hockey team with the Oberlin Yeomen. Both Denison and Ohio Wesleyan issued alerts to their fans specifically for the OWU-Denison lacrosse game about unsportsmanlike behavior and profanity.
In addition to the school's varsity athletics, club sports teams, including ultimate Frisbee, chess, indoor hockey, cricket, rugby, ski, and scuba, have been organized as student organizations under the auspices of the Office of Student Activities. Ohio Wesleyan's intramural program includes 16 sports. Sports such as skiing, squash, and water polo have been offered, as well as a sports trivia competition.
"Oh we're from dear old Wesleyan" is Ohio Wesleyan University's primary fight song. The song's lyrics were written in 1914 by Chass Cupett '1916.

## People
### Administration

Under the charter granted by the State of Ohio, the board of trustees possesses the legal authority to operate the college. The charter and bylaws stipulate a board of 34 trustees, of whom one is the president. In general, it is the board that elects the president. Since Ohio Wesleyan's beginnings, sixteen people have held the title of president, and a few have served as interim president. Former presidents include lawyers, literary scholars, politicians, executives, and clergymen.
After several disagreements between Huddleston and the Ohio Wesleyan administration, Huddleston accepted a position as president of the University of New Hampshire and left Ohio Wesleyan on June 30, 2007, giving him the second shortest presidency, behind David Lockmiller, 1959–1961. On May 29, 2007, the appointment of current university provost Dr. David O. Robbins as interim president was unanimously endorsed by OWU's board of trustees. Dr. Robbins' term as Interim President began on July 1, 2007.
On December 17, 2007, Dr. Rockwell "Rock" Jones was elected to serve as the 16th president of Ohio Wesleyan University. Dr. Jones' inauguration ceremony took place on October 10, 2008, in Ohio Wesleyan's Gray Chapel, in University Hall.

### Alumni

Ohio Wesleyan alumni are active in several annual events, organizations, and initiatives. The events and associations with significant alumni involvement are Homecoming, 'W' Association, and A/PART (the alumni admission team). For the 2005–2006 fiscal year, Ohio Wesleyan's alumni giving rate was 35%. A number of the school's alumni have made notable contributions in the fields of government, law, academia, business, arts, journalism, and athletics, among others.
In academia, Frank Sherwood Rowland (class of 1948) won the 1995 Nobel Prize for chemistry for his research on the depletion of the Earth's ozone layer. Ezra Vogel (1950) is a prominent author on China-Japan issues and was the director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research from 1995 to 1999. William Hsiao (1963) is an economist in the field of international health at Harvard, and the designer of a landmark study to examine the United States' system of reimbursing physicians for medical services. Dennis R. Appleyard (1961) is the author of an international economics textbook.
* Charles Fairbanks
* Frank Sherwood Rowland
* Shirin R. Tahir-Kheli
* Branch Rickey
* Norman Vincent Peale
In politics, Kathryn Barger serves as Los Angeles County's Fifth District Supervisor; Barger graduated in 1983. John Wesley Hoyt (1849) was the third Governor of the Wyoming Territory. Charles Fairbanks (1872) was the 26th Vice-President of the United States. Jo Ann Emerson (1972) served as a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Arthur Flemming (1927) was a Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, was known for his commitment to civil rights, was the recipient of two Presidential Medals of Freedom, and served as president of University of Oregon, Ohio Wesleyan University, and Macalester College. Lucy Webb Hayes (1853), wife of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, was the first woman to be called First Lady, and the first First Lady to hold a college degree.
Notable journalists and media personalities include Frank Stanton (1930), a president of CBS known for supporting broadcast journalism before Congress; Byron Pitts (1982), a national correspondent for CBS News; Wendie Malick (1972), an Emmy-nominated actress known for her role on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! and now as "Victoria Chase" on the TV Land sitcom "Hot in Cleveland"; Melvin Van Peebles (1953), an actor, director, screenwriter, playwright, and composer; Patricia Wettig (1974), the actress who plays vice president Caroline Richards on Prison Break; and Clark Gregg (1984), the actor playing Richard in The New Adventures of Old Christine with Julia Louis-Dreyfus.
Numerous Ohio Wesleyan alumni have been associated with social justice. Branch Rickey (1904) was a baseball manager and executive known for signing Jackie Robinson as the first African-American in Major League Baseball. Another graduate, Mary King (1962), worked alongside the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in the U.S. civil rights movement when she was a young student, and was a member of the staff of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Rev. Norman Vincent Peale (1920) was the author of The Power of Positive Thinking and the winner of a Presidential Medal of Freedom for his theological contributions. Others found fame in other forms: Mildred Elizabeth Sisk (aka Axis Sally) was the first American woman to be tried and sentenced for treason, convicted of broadcasting for Nazi Germany during World War II. In 1917, she majored in dramatic arts, but did not graduate due to her failure to meet all university requirements. After serving a 12-year sentence, Sisk returned to OWU, where she received a bachelor's degree in speech in 1973. James J. Nance an Ohio born industrialist who became president of Hot-Point and later the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. He became chief executive of the Central National Bank of Cleveland, chairman of the executive committee of Montgomery Ward and chairman of the board of trustees of the Cleveland State University.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University". International Association of Methodist Schools, Colleges, and Universities (IAMSCU). Archived from the original on October 7, 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2007.
* ↑ "Quick Facts". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
* ↑ "United Methodist schools score high in rankings". The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
* ↑ "About OWU". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on April 21, 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2007.
* ↑ NAICU – Member Directory Archived November 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ As of June 30, 2020. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
* ↑ Ohio Wesleyan University Quick Facts. 2005. Retrieved on January 8, 2007 Archived October 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
* 1 2 "About US". The Five Colleges of Ohio. Archived from the original on July 23, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
* ↑ "Science in Your Backyard: Ohio". U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on September 22, 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006.
* ↑ Williams, p. 15.
* 1 2 "The University: Policy on Voluntary Sexual Relationships between Faculty/Staff and Students – Traditions (PDF)" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2006. Retrieved September 1, 2005.
* ↑ "Elliott Hall Dedication". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved May 15, 2003.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 14.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University Catalogue" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2004.
* ↑ White, p. 229.
* ↑ Labaree, David F. "U.S. Colleges and Universities". Archived from the original on June 15, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 22.
* ↑ "Roots of Secession: Slavery and Politics in Antebellum Virginia". University of North Carolina Press. Archived from the original on April 13, 2005. Retrieved October 15, 2005.
* ↑ "The Methodist Movement Comes to America and Impacts Slavery". Reve' M. Pete. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved January 1, 2003.
* 1 2 Hubbart, p. 38.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 45.
* ↑ "Sturges Hall". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on April 10, 2005. Retrieved March 4, 2007.
* ↑ "Departmental History". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 9, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007.
* ↑ Taylor, p. 53.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University". Ohio Historical Society. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 68.
* ↑ Hubbart, pp. 72–80.
* ↑ Kukula, R. & K. Trubner (1923). Minerva: Jahrbuch der Gelehrten Welt. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Company
* ↑ Hubbart, pp. 87–88.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 90.
* ↑ "Top 50 U.S. baccalaureate institutions of Ph.D.s: 1920–24 and 1995–99 (PDF)" (PDF). National Science Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 110.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 112.
* 1 2 "The History of OWU Athletics". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on March 8, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
* ↑ "The Phi Beta Kappa Society: Chapter Chronology N-Z". Phi Beta Kappa society. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007.
* ↑ "Facilities" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 142.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 127.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 141.
* ↑ Hubbart, pp. 140–160.
* ↑ Tull, p. 180.
* ↑ Hubbart, pp. 160–164.
* ↑ Burtchaell, pp. 174–175;
* ↑ Burtchaell, pp. 304–319.
* ↑ Burtchaell, p. 323.
* ↑ Burtchaell, p. 326.
* 1 2 Tull, p. 182.
* ↑ Tull, pp. 182–183.
* ↑ Tull, p. 183
* ↑ Murchland, p. 34
* ↑ Murchland, p. 74.
* ↑ Murchland, p. 35
* ↑ Murchland, pp. 38–39
* ↑ Murchland, p. 39
* ↑ Murchland, p. 41
* ↑ Peterson, Bill. "Enrollments Lower, Costs Higher". The Washington Post, December 19, 1982, First Section, A5.
* ↑ Murchland, pp. 44–45
* ↑ Educating America's Scientists: The Role of the Research Colleges. Education Resources Information Center. Retrieved on March 1, 2007.
* ↑ Marcus, Jon. "Many small colleges face big enrollment drops. Here's one survival strategy in Ohio". WaPo. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
* ↑ Conrades-Wetherell Science Center at Ohio Wesleyan University. Turner Construction. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan Opens Meek Aquatics and Recreation Center". North Coast Athletic Conference. October 11, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
* ↑ "Delaware Entrepreneurial Center at OWU Opening". Delaware Gazette.
* ↑ "The Excitement Builds". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
* ↑ Renovated MUB Debuts as R.W. Corns Building Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Ohio Wesleyan University, August 3, 2000. Retrieved on January 8, 2007.
* ↑ "How to find us". Perkins Observatory. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
* ↑ "Hiram Perkins". Perkins Observatory. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
* ↑ "History of Perkins Observatory". Perkins Observatory. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
* ↑ "Learning in Washington". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006.
* ↑ "Philadelphia Center Gives Students Taste of Life in the Big City". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
* ↑ "Wesleyan Arts Program". New York Arts Program. Archived from the original on September 23, 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2007.
* ↑ Donnelly, Sara (April 18–25, 2002). "Can Bates and L/A excel together?". The Portland Phoenix. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
* ↑ "Learning at Linden (PDF)" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
* ↑ "Learning at Linden". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
* 1 2 "New International Student Ambassador Program at OWU". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
* ↑ "Student Service Clubs, Organizations and Small Living Units". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
* ↑ "History of The Arts Castle". Ohio Wesleyan University, The Arts Castle. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
* ↑ "Gift Support Enables OWU to Purchase Strand Theatre". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
* ↑ "Big Events". Delaware County Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2006.
* ↑ "About the Delaware Arts Festival Association, Inc". Delaware Arts Festival. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
* ↑ "Delaware Arts Festival". The Delaware Arts Festival. Archived from the original on December 10, 2002. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
* ↑ "History of the Jug". The Delaware County Agricultural Society. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
* ↑ "Battling Bishop Mascot to Present Trophy at Jug Races". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
* ↑ "2024-2025 National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 23, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
* ↑ "2024 Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
* ↑ "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
* ↑ "Currently or Previously Affiliated Institutions". Higher Learning Commission. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
* ↑ "Great Lakes Colleges Association Member Colleges". The Great Lakes Colleges Association. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
* ↑ "Member Institutions". The Oberlin Group. Archived from the original on October 9, 2006. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University". College Board. Retrieved October 1, 2007.
* ↑ "About Ohio Wesleyan University". UCAN. Retrieved November 7, 2007.
* ↑ "Presidential Search Profile" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2007.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University – Studying Abroad in the US". Petersons. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University" (PDF). OWU Annual Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ Finder, Alan (January 2, 2006). "Aid Lets Smaller Colleges Ask, Why Pay for Ivy League Retail?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
* ↑ "College Freshmen Admission Policy Survey". BestSchoolsUSA. Archived from the original on February 15, 2006. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
* ↑ "OWU Annual Report" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ "Student Life". eNotes. Retrieved October 8, 2006.
* ↑ "About OWU". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
* ↑ "America's Best Colleges 2007 – Top Liberal Arts Colleges (95)". USNews.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
* ↑ Calhoon, Elisabeth."National youth vote lower than expected'". Archived from the original on December 8, 2004. Retrieved June 8, 2005. The Transcript (November 10, 2004). Retrieved on August 10, 2006; and "Ohio Wesleyan University Students Favor Democratic Party, Barack Obama, Survey Shows". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2008.; and "City & Township of Delaware Detail: Precincts 2-E and 2-F are OWU students". Delaware County, Ohio. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved October 30, 2006.; and "Another Stolen Election". Richard Hayes Phillips. Archived from the original on April 30, 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2006.
* ↑ "America's Most Liberal Colleges". niche.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
* ↑ Windmeyer, pp. 5–100.
* ↑ "What Ohio Wesleyan Students Say About..." Princeton Review. Archived from the original on August 4, 2004. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
* ↑ "Campus PrideNet". Campus PrideNet. Retrieved October 19, 2005.
* ↑ "Affirmative Action". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on July 22, 2005. Retrieved October 19, 2005. "Statement of Non-Discrimination (PDF)" (PDF). Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 19, 2005. "Weekly, Monthly, and Annual Events". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved October 19, 2005. Johnson, Ramone. "Gay-Friendly Universities". about.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2005. Retrieved April 15, 2005. "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered Resource Center". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. Retrieved October 19, 2005. "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Resource Center Position". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 19, 2005. "Women's and Gender Studies". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on August 26, 2005. Retrieved October 19, 2005.
* ↑ "Institutional Profiles: Ohio Wesleyan University". Peterson’s Undergraduate Financial Aid and Undergraduate Databases. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
* ↑ "Overview". Peterson’s Undergraduate Financial Aid and Undergraduate Databases. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006. "Where Do Pell Grant Dollars Go?". Diverse Education. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006. "Study Affirms HC's Commitment to Socioeconomic Diversity". Hamilton College. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006. "Socio-economic Make-up of Students: Oberlin College". Oberlin College. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
* ↑ "About OWU". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
* ↑ "AAUP Faculty Gender Equity Indicators 2006 (PDF)" (PDF). American Association of University Professors. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
* ↑ "Student Handbook". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
* ↑ "Degree and Special Programs: Requirements for All Degrees". Ohio Wesleyan University. 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
* ↑ "Majors and Courses of Instruction". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 88.
* ↑ Tull, p. 48.
* ↑ "What Ohio Wesleyan Students Say About..." Princeton Review. Archived from the original on May 15, 2004. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University". nces.ed.gov. U.S. Dept of Education. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
* ↑ Windolf, Paul; Francisco Ramirze (1989). Expansion and Structural Change: Higher Education in Germany, the United States, and Japan, 1870–1990. Contemporary Sociology. Vol. 27, No. 2.
* ↑ "Kwassui Institute". Kwassui Institute. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
* ↑ "Africa University". Africa University. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
* ↑ "Wellesley College Archives". academics.wellesley.edu. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
* ↑ "Schools with Financial Aid for International Undergraduate Students". Mark Kantrowitz. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
* ↑ "Choosing a School". Mark Kantrowitz. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
* ↑ "International Students: Leading Institutions by Institutional Type". Institute of International Education. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
* ↑ "Most International Students". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 8, 2006. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
* ↑ Desruisseaux, Paul. Chronicle of Higher Education, 12/10/99, Vol. 46 Issue 16, pA57, 5p, Ohio Wesleyan University. Foreign Students Continue to Flock to the U.S. 1999.
* ↑ McMurtrie, Beth. "Foreign Students at U.S. Institutions, 1999–2000". Chronicle of Higher Education, November 17, 2000, Vol. 47 Issue 12, pA76, 1p, Ohio Wesleyan University.
* ↑ "American Institutions with financial aid for international undergraduates (xls)". Overseas Association for College Admissions Counseling. Archived from the original on August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 10, 2006.
* ↑ "Countries Currently Represented". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
* ↑ "Inauguration festival Saturday". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
* ↑ Tull, p. 140.
* ↑ "Agreements with Overseas Institutions". Waseda University. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University: The Salamanca Program". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University: The Salamanca Program". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
* ↑ "LibGuides: About the Libraries: Home".
* ↑ "LibGuides: Library Staff: All Library Staff A-Z".
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University: Extracurriculars". U.S. News. Archived from the original on April 5, 2005. Retrieved November 29, 2005.
* ↑ "Office of University Chaplain". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
* ↑ "Religious Groups". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
* ↑ "Special-Interest Clubs". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on October 11, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
* ↑ "The OWtsiders-Mixing Music and Fun". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2005.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan's Premier Improv Comedy Troupe!". The Babbling Bishops. Archived from the original on April 25, 2005. Retrieved October 15, 2005.
* ↑ "Our Story". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
* ↑ "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Resource Center". GLBTRC. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
* ↑ "Campus Life". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on August 23, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006.
* ↑ "History of Greek Life". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on October 28, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006.
* ↑ "Greek Life". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 10, 2006.
* ↑ "OWU closes fraternity for rule violations". Delaware Gazette. April 15, 2016.
* ↑ "General Info". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on November 15, 2005. Retrieved November 29, 2005.
* ↑ "The OWL: Not Just for English Majors". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2005.
* ↑ "Administrative Publications". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 10.
* 1 2 Tull, p. 132.
* ↑ "'Higher Calling': Rickey's moral conviction to social progress was mightier than dollar". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 24, 2006. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
* ↑ "Interview with Mary King (12/6/97)". George Washington University. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
* ↑ Anderson, p. 57.
* 1 2 "Mary King". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
* ↑ Vellela, pp. 20–21.
* ↑ Tull, pp. 142–143.
* ↑ "They Protest Too Much". National Review Online. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2007.
* ↑ "Apprenticeships and Internships". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on October 24, 2004. Retrieved December 7, 2003.
* ↑ "Internships". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on December 18, 2003. Retrieved December 7, 2003.
* ↑ Murchland, p. 79.
* ↑ Hubbart, p. 121.
* ↑ Tull, p. 102.
* ↑ "Mock Convention". Miller, Candi. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
* ↑ "2004 Mock Convention Platform". Miller, Candi. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
* ↑ "A Tradition Since 1917". Miller, Candi. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
* ↑ Tull, pp. 98–99.
* ↑ Murchland, p. 64.
* ↑ "Homecoming Aims for Increased Student Involvement". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan Campus Traditions". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 7, 2005. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Men's Lacrosse". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "What Makes Us Unique". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Welcome to "Fresh X"". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on December 15, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "CPB Presents Unity Through Music". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
* ↑ "Springfest funding in limbo". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 28, 2005. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Description". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
* 1 2 "Housing Options". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Residential Life". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
* ↑ "Welch Hall". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 11, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2006.
* ↑ "Hayes Hall". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 20, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2006.
* ↑ "SLUSH is Here: Apply to your Favorite SLU". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
* ↑ "Campus Housing". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on August 23, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Students tell it like it is". College Prowler Guide Book. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan to Add Men's Wrestling, Women's Rowing". BattlingBishops.com. Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
* ↑ "Quick Facts". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
* ↑ "About NCAC". NCAC. Archived from the original on November 11, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2006.
* ↑ Massa, Robert J. "College Athletics: The Tail Wagging the Dog?" Archived November 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine College News (June 24, 2003). Retrieved on June 21, 2006.
* 1 2 "Ohio Wesleyan All-Americans". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on October 13, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan LAX Alumni". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 20, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2006.
* ↑ "NCAC All-Sports Competition". NCAC. Archived from the original on September 7, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "Williams Wins Fifth NACDA Directors Cups in a Row". NESCAC. Archived from the original on November 29, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "Broadening the Playing Field for Collegiate Athletics". The Bay Village Community Advocate. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2006.
* ↑ "Championship Totals". NCAC. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ Binswanger, C.K. (September 8, 1997). "Let's Go, Slugs!". Newsweek. p. 8.
* ↑ "A Smiling What...!?!". Ohio Wesleyan University. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "1925". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "NCAC Champions". NCAC. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "Denison Tops OWU in Overtime". Department of Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation. Archived from the original on June 13, 2006. Retrieved March 23, 2006.
* ↑ "Ohio Wesleyan University". FastWeb College Guide. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
* ↑ "The Ohio Wesleyan Fight Song". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
* ↑ Tull, pp. 26–29.
* ↑ Faculty and Staff Forum Archived August 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faculty and Staff Forum (October 20, 2007). Retrieved on June 2, 2006
* 1 2 David O. Robbins Named Interim President of Ohio Wesleyan University. Recent News Releases (May 29, 2007). Retrieved on June 2, 2006.
* ↑ Ohio Wesleyan University Names Rock Jones, Ph.D., as 16th President Archived February 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine=. Presidential Search (December 17, 2007). Retrieved on December 19, 2007.
* ↑ "Alumni". Ohio Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Ezra F. Vogel". Harvard University. Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "William Hsiao". Harvard University. Archived from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "International Economics". McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Kathryn Barger - Los Angeles County Supervisor". SCVHistory.com. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
* ↑ "Term: Hoyt, John Wesley 1831 – 1912". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
* ↑ "Vice Presidents of the United States (PDF)" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
* ↑ "U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 2, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
* ↑ "A Pro for HEW". TIME, (May 19, 1958). Retrieved on December 22, 2006.
* ↑ "Lucy Ware Webb Hayes". Women in History. Archived from the original on September 30, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "Byron Pitts". CBS News. October 9, 2002. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
* ↑ Lewisohn, Mark. "Just Shoot Me". British Broadcasting Service, (no date given). Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
* ↑ "The New Adventures of Old Christine". CBS. Archived from the original on January 4, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
* ↑ "Branch Rickey". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
* ↑ "Presidential Medal of Freedom". NNDB. Retrieved January 2, 2007.
* ↑ "Mildred Elizabeth Sisk: American-Born Axis Sally". Weider History Group. June 12, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2007.