OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novoandriivka, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Novoandriivka (Ukrainian: Новоандріївка; Russian: Новоандреевка) is a village in Pokrovsk urban hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located 56.93 kilometres (35.37 mi) west by north (WbN) from the centre of Donetsk city. It was successfully captured by Russian Armed Forces in February 2025.

## History

The town was founded in 1922.

### Russian invasion of Ukraine

The village was captured by Russian forces in January 2025, during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the settlement had 65 inhabitants, whose native languages were 90.77% Ukrainian, 7.69% Russian and 1.54% Moldovan (Romanian).
# Tan Tieniu

Tan Tieniu FREng (Chinese: 谭铁牛) is a professor at the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Concurrently, he is deputy chief of the Hong Kong Liaison Office. CCP Committee Secretary of Nanjing University on Sept. 2022.

## Early life

Tan was born in Hunan Province, China, in October 1963. He was educated in Xi'an Jiaotong University in 1984. In 1989, he received his PhD in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Imperial College London.

## Career

Tan joined University of Reading, UK, as a research fellow after his Ph.D. In 1998, he returned to China. He joined Chinese Academy of Sciences as a professor at the Institute of Automation. He was a Vice President at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2013–2014). His research focuses on biometrics and pattern recognition. He was former President of the IEEE Biometrics Council. He is also the editor-in-chief of the International Journal on Automation and Computing. He is an adjunct professor at University of Science and Technology of China. He was sanctioned by the US Government on 16 July 2021 under Executive Order 13936.

## Awards

Tan is a Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK, and a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2016, Tan became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.
# Ana-Maria Trăsnea

Ana-Maria Trăsnea (born 15 March 1994) is a Romanian-German politician who briefly served as a member of the German Bundestag from 2023 to 2024.
From 2021 to 2023, Trăsnea was a representative of the state of Berlin at the federal level and state secretary for engagement, democracy promotion and international affairs in the Berlin Senate Chancellery.

## Early life and education

Trăsnea was born in Piatra Neamț in Romania. Her parents split up when she was a child; her mother went to work in Germany, her father to work to France. She grew up at her aunt until she was 13 years old.
Trăsnea came to Germany from Romania in 2007. She attended the Emmy-Noether-Gymnasium in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin, where she obtained her Abitur in 2013. She then studied cultural studies at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder) from 2013 to 2018 and obtained a bachelor's degree, spending the winter semester 2015/2016 at the University of Salamanca in Spain. She then completed a master’s degree in European Studies at the European University Viadrina from 2017 to 2021, which is on hold.
From 2016 to 2019, parallel to her studies, she was a project-related workshop leader for various youth-political educational projects of the "Forum Politics and Society" in the "Political Dialogue" department of the Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation Berlin. In 2019, Trăsnea was a student assistant in the Strategic Planning Unit of the Management Staff at the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. From 2020 to 2021 she was personal assistant to the State Secretary for Youth and Family, Sigrid Klebba, in the Berlin Senate Department for Education, Youth and Family.

## Political career

Trăsnea joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany while she was at school and was involved in the initiative School without Racism from 2007 to 2013, organizing, among other things, an anti-racism working group at her school.
Trăsnea was a member of the Treptow-Köpenick district assembly from 2016 to 2021, where she was deputy leader of the SPD parliamentary group from 2019 and leader of the parliamentary group from 2021. In 2020 she was awarded the Helene Weber Prize. In the 2021 federal election, she ran as a direct candidate in the Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick constituency, but was not directly elected. As she was in sixth place in the state list, she initially missed entry into the Bundestag.
From December 2021 to April 2023, Trăsnea was the representative of the State of Berlin at the federal level and State Secretary for Volunteering, Democracy Promotion and International Affairs in the Berlin Senate Chancellery.
On 16 May 2023, Trăsnea moved into the German Bundestag replacing Cansel Kiziltepe. At the 2025 Federal election she will be running for a mandate to the Bundestag in the district of Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick against, among others the prominent left-wing politician and long-time MdB Gregor Gysi.
# Largent v. Texas

Largent v. Texas, 318 U.S. 418 (1943), was a case involving Jehovah's Witnesses in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a city ordinance of Paris, Texas, requiring permits in order to solicit orders for books is unconstitutional as applied to the distribution of religious publications. The church members were represented by Hayden C. Covington.
# Snowden v. Hughes

Snowden v. Hughes, 321 U.S. 1 (1944), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not protect rights pertinent solely to state citizenship, and that the equal protection clause does not protect citizens from unfair applications of fair state laws where purposeful discrimination is absent.
# Opytne, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Opytne (Ukrainian: Опитне; Russian: Опытное) is a village in Pokrovsk Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 10 km (6 mi) NW from the center of Donetsk city and at about 2 km (1 mi) north from Donetsk International Airport.

## History

Starting mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns and cities across in Donetsk and Luhansk Districts; since 6 November 2014 Opytne was fully under Ukrainian control. The village became one of the frontlines of the War in Donbass. On 24 November 2016 one Ukrainian serviceman was killed by a sniper in the village. In late 2019 less than 50 people lived in Opytne, while almost all of the village had been damaged or destroyed. As of November 2021, only 38 remain.
On November 11, 2022 as a result of battles with the 1st Semyonovsky Rifle Regiment, the 1st Slavyansk Brigade and the Sparta Battalion, the Armed Forces of Ukraine were pushed out of the village.
On September 8, 2023 during the Ukrainian counteroffensive, when the Russian forced were concentrating their efforts to the north of the Avdiivka in the Kamianka front, Ukrainian 59th Motorized Brigade with 36th Marine Brigade's 501st Marine Battalion conducted a coordinated assault operation at Opytne. They entered the village from north, cleared Russian positions, but they were later pushed back to their original positions. Russian troops are still in control of the village. Five to six people still may live in the village.
Between January 29th and February 14th, 2024, Russian forces captured the village during the later days of the Battle of Avdiivka.
# National Sports University

National Sports University is a central university, located in Imphal, Manipur, India with specialization in sports.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has laid foundation stone for National Sports University on 16 March 2018. Courses offered are Bachelor of Physical Education & Sports, B.Sc., M.Sc. and M.A.
# Kavya Manyapu

Kavya K. Manyapu is an Indian–American aerospace engineer and scientist. She currently works at NASA in the Extravehicular Branch for Lunar Exploration missions (Artemis program) within the Flight Operations Directorate at JSC. She was part of the Boeing team that developed the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for nearly 10 years. She developed a novel technology for self-cleaning space suits that uses carbon nanotubes to repel dust for use in future lunar and Mars missions.

## Early life and career

Manyapu grew up in Hyderabad, India. When she was 16, her family moved to the United States. She received a bachelor's degree in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2006 and a master's degree in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT in 2010. She also holds a Diploma in performing arts (Bharatanatyam) from Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University. She served as a crew member on multiple Analog/simulated Mars Missions. She joined Boeing in 2010, where she has been working on the CST-100 Starliner, a spacecraft that would transport crew to the ISS. She held multiple roles in this project, including Spacesuit Lead, Flight Test Engineer, Flight Crew Operations and Flight Test Director.
She received her PhD in 2017 under the supervision of Pablo de León, becoming the first ever PhD graduate in space studies at the University of North Dakota. During her doctoral studies, she developed patented novel technology, a smart fabric for planetary space suits to address the problem of lunar dust that proved to be a major issue during Apollo missions. The fabric contains carbon nanotubes, which repel dust when an electric current is applied to them. She holds eight patents on this technology. Early-generation pieces of this fabric were launched into space for testing in April 2019 Manyapu became an adjunct professor of the Space Studies Department at the University of North Dakota in 2019.
Manyapu has received a number of awards for her work. In 2014, she received the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement Stellar Award. In 2016, she was one of nine people who won a Future Space Leader award. She was listed in 40 under 40 by Georgia State University in 2020 and in 2022 recognized as 40 under 40 by Georgia Institute of Technology

## Personal life

Manyapu is a certified scuba diver and has a pilot's license. She is also an Indian classical dancer and received an award from the President of India and title 'Balashree' for excellence in performing arts. She is an amateur mountaineer and avid hiker.

## Selected publications

* Manyapu, Kavya K.; et al. (2017). "Proof of concept demonstration of novel technologies for lunar spacesuit dust mitigation". Acta Astronautica. 137: 472–481. Bibcode:2017AcAau.137..472M. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.05.005.
* Manyapu, Kavya K.; Peltz, Leora; De Leon, Pablo (2019). "Self-cleaning spacesuits for future planetary missions using carbon nanotube technology". Acta Astronautica. 157: 134–144. Bibcode:2019AcAau.157..134M. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.12.019. S2CID 115525594.
# Madan Lal (politician)

Madan Lal is an Indian politician from Delhi. He won as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from Kasturba Nagar constituency in Delhi. He was president of the Saket Court Bar Association. He is a three times MLA from Kasturba Nagar Assembly, he won three Consecutive Elections on Aam Aadmi Party Ticket in 2013, 2015 & 2020.
Madan Lal has resigned from the Aam Aadmi Party on 31 January 2025 ahead of 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election.

## Electoral performance

Delhi Assembly elections, 2020: Kasturba Nagar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Madan Lal | 37,100 | 40.45 | −13.06 |
| | BJP | Ravinder Choudhry | 33,935 | 37.00 | +1.59 |
| | INC | Abhishek Dutt | 19,648 | 21.42 | +10.01 |
| | BSP | Khem Chand | 283 | 0.31 | −0.01 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 463 | 0.50 | +0.08 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,165 | 3.45 | −14.55 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 91,895 | 59.87 | −6.87 |
| | AAP hold | AAP hold | Swing | -13.06 | |
# Elise Båtnes

Elise Båtnes (born 1971) is a Norwegian violinist. Since 2006, she has been leader of the Oslo Philharmonic orchestra.

## Biography

Born on 24 June 1971 in Trondheim, Båtnes started playing the violin at the age of four. Four years later she appeared for the first time as a soloist with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra. In 1981, when she was ten, she performed in a children's concert with the Oslo Philharmonic, appearing as a soloist a year later.
She studied under Dorothy DeLay in the United States, Ruggiero Ricci in Salzburg, David Takeno in London and Arve Tellefsen in Oslo. She also received guidance from Mariss Jansons of the Oslo Philharmonic. She has played as a soloist with orchestras in Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Belgian, participating in broadcasts from these countries as well as from Finland, Spain and the United States.
Båtnes first joined the Oslo Philharmonic when she was 19, returning as leader in 2006. Her most memorable concert with the orchestra was when she played Bruckner's 7th Symphony while on tour in England in 1991. She has also held positions as leader of the Danish National Symphony Orchestra in Copenhagen (2000–04) and the WDR Orchestra in Cologne (2004–08). In addition to Bruckner, she also enjoys playing the music of Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler and Richard Wagner.
She is playing on the "Arditi" violin, made by Antonio Stradivari in 1689, on loan from Dextra Musica.
# Switzerland women's national bandy team

Switzerland women's national bandy team represents Switzerland in international bandy tournaments. It is controlled by the Federation of Swiss Bandy and made its debut at the 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship.
# Svatý Jan

Svatý Jan is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Svatý Jan consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Svatý Jan (84)
* Bražná (46)
* Brzina (14)
* Drážkov (112)
* Hojšín (64)
* Hrachov (248)
* Řadovy (36)
* Skrýšov (78)

## Etymology

The name means 'Saint John' in Czech.

## Geography

Svatý Jan is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Příbram and 45 km (28 mi) south of Prague. It lies in the Benešov Uplands. The highest point is the hill Černá skála at 508 m (1,667 ft) above sea level. The Vltava River forms the northern municipal border. The Brzina Stream flows through the municipality into the Vltava.

## History

Svatý Jan is among the youngest villages in the region. There was a spring of water in what is today the village's area, which people considered to be healing, and a chapel was built near it in 1705. The first written mention of Svatý Jan is from 1720.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,450 | — |
| 1880 | 1,441 | −0.6% |
| 1890 | 1,480 | +2.7% |
| 1900 | 1,457 | −1.6% |
| 1910 | 1,346 | −7.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,271 | −5.6% |
| 1930 | 1,199 | −5.7% |
| 1950 | 888 | −25.9% |
| 1961 | 801 | −9.8% |
| 1970 | 732 | −8.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 630 | −13.9% |
| 1991 | 656 | +4.1% |
| 2001 | 662 | +0.9% |
| 2011 | 652 | −1.5% |
| 2021 | 682 | +4.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/18 road (the section from Příbram to Sedlčany) passes through the northern part of the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Svatý Jan is the Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. It was built in the Baroque style in 1760–1764.
A historical landmark of Skrýšov is the Skrýšov Castle. It was originally a Renaissance fortress, rebuilt into a small Baroque castle around 1760. Today it is privately owned and inaccessible.
There is a valuable Jewish cemetery in the forests near Řadovy. Most of the Baroque and Neoclassical tombstones date from the 18th and early 19th centuries. The oldest legible tombstone is from 1681.
# Waking the Fury

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rock Hard | |
Waking the Fury is the ninth studio album by the Canadian heavy metal band Annihilator, released on March 18, 2002, by SPV. It was the last album with Joe Comeau on vocals and Russ Bergquist as the touring bassist.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jeff Waters, except where noted

## Personnel

* Jeff Waters – guitar, bass
* Joe Comeau – vocals
* Russ Bergquist – bass on "Nothing to Me"
* Randy Black – drums
* Curran Murphy – guitar
# Tanzima Hashem

Tanzima Hashem, a Bangladeshi professor at BUET, is one of the five women scientists from the developing world who won Elsevier Foundation Awards in 2017. Her research focuses on maintaining user privacy while location-based services are being accessed. She is also noted for organizing the first workshop in Bangladesh on women in computing in 2014.
Hashem graduated in computer science and engineering at BUET in 2004, earning a master's degree in 2006. She went on to obtain a doctorate from the University of Melbourne, Australia, in 2011. She has also spent short periods in Melbourne from 2012 to 2017, working as an academic research visitor. In 2018, she became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.
# Burnet v. Sanford & Brooks Co.

Burnet v. Sanford & Brooks Co., 282 U.S. 359 (1931), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court dealing with accounting for purposes of federal income tax and the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case held that an annual accounting system is a practical necessity if the federal income tax is to produce revenue ascertainable and payable at regular intervals.
The case was decided at a time when losses could not be carried forward to future years. Since 2018, Section 172 of the Internal Revenue Code now generally allows a taxpayer to use net operating losses from previous years to deduct up to 80% of income for a given year.
# Edwards v. United States

Edwards v. United States, 286 U.S. 482 (1932), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that a law is not invalid when a president signs it after Congress has adjourned, so long as it is signed within 10 days.
# Gooch v. United States

Gooch v. United States, 297 U.S. 124 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that holding a police officer hostage while crossing state lines is within the scope of federal ransom and kidnapping statutes.
# Marcos Leandro

Marcos Leandro Pereira (born April 3, 1982 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian goalkeeper currently playing for America-RJ.
# Welch v. Helvering

Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111 (1933), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court on the difference between business and personal expenses and the difference between ordinary business deductions and capital expenses. It is one of the most important income tax law cases.

## Background

Thomas Welch and his father owned a grain brokerage business in Minnesota, which went bankrupt in 1922. Welch later reopened a business. He chose to repay his discharged debts. He then tried to deduct the repayments as business expenses, but the Commissioner ruled that these payments were not deductible from income as ordinary and necessary expenses in the course of business.

## Opinion of the Court

Benjamin N. Cardozo, delivering the Court's opinion, held that the expenses were too personal, were too bizarre to be ordinary, and were capital. He did not consider them "ordinary and necessary business expenses" and, therefore, not deductible under Section 162 of the Internal Revenue Code.
This case is frequently cited for its dictum describing the meaning of the term "necessary" in Section 162 as requiring that expenses merely be "appropriate and helpful [in] the development of the [taxpayer's] business." Cardozo submits that determining what constitutes a necessary expense can be enormously difficult: "life in all its fullness must supply the answer to the riddle."
The court also considered the question of whether Welch's expenses were current expenses or investments which should have been capitalized. Although the case was eventually decided on other grounds, the idea that the expenses should have increased the basis of the business as capital expenses, with no immediate deduction but the potential for depreciation losses over time may also have influenced the court.
# Vesele, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Vesele (Ukrainian: Веселе; Russian: Весёлое) is a village in Donetsk Raion (district in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine, at 9.2 km NW from the centre of Donetsk city. It is designated administratively as part of Yasynuvata urban hromada. The settlement borders from north with a runway of the former Donetsk airport.

## History
### Russo-Ukrainian War
#### War in Donbas

The village was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbas, that started in 2014. During the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport this village was contested by the Ukrainian government, but DPR forces kept them back.

## Demographics

In 2001 the village had 569 inhabitants. Native language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian: 54.4%
* Russian: 35.4%
* others: 0.7%
# Miller v. Schoene

Miller v. Schoene, 276 U.S. 272 (1928), was a classic property rights case in balancing the rights of a property owner against a social policy that is not unreasonable.

## Background

The State entomologist in Virginia acting under the Cedar Rust Act of Virginia ordered the plaintiffs' ornamental red cedar trees growing on the plaintiffs' property to be removed to prevent the spread of cedar rust disease to nearby apple orchards. The plaintiffs appealed the order to the circuit court of Shenandoah county, which affirmed the order, but allowed the plaintiffs to recover $100 to remove the trees. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia also Affirmed the decision.

## Issue

Did Virginia's Cedar Rust Act and order to remove Miller's cedar trees violate the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

## Holding

A unanimous decision found that the statute and the order to remove Miller's cedar trees did not violate the Due Process Clause. The Court recognized the State's interest in preventing the cedar rust from damaging nearby apple orchards as they were the "principal agriculture pursuit" in the state. The Court held that the destruction of Miller's trees would be a taking of his property; however, the State "did not exceed its constitutional powers by deciding upon the destruction of one class of property in order to save another which, in the judgment of the legislature, is of greater value to the public."
# Ng Fung Ho v. White

Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276 (1922), is a United States Supreme Court decision holding that habeas corpus petitioners are entitled to a de novo judicial hearing to adjudicate claims that they are citizens of the United States.
# Tyson & Brother v. Banton

Tyson & Brother v. Banton, 273 U.S. 418 (1927), is a US Supreme Court case, concerning the constitutionality of the State of New York imposing restrictions on the price of resold theatre tickets. It has been reversed but is notable for the dissent of Oliver Wendell Holmes.

## Background

A New York state statute limited the resale price of theatre tickets to fifty cents over the initial box office price.

## Opinion of the Court

The majority declared the statute was unconstitutional on grounds of the Fourteenth Amendment, but Oliver Wendell Holmes, Louis Brandeis, Harlan F. Stone, and Edward T. Sanford dissented.
# Vovche, Donetsk Oblast

Vovche (Ukrainian: Вовче; Russian: Волчье) is a village in Hrodivka settlement hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, located 33.39 kilometres (20.75 mi) northwest (NW) from the centre of Donetsk city.

## Geography

The village lies on the banks of the Vovcha river.

## History
### Russian invasion

The settlement came under attack of Russian forces during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in July 2024. The Russian Ministry of Defence claimed that Russian Forces have seized the settlement by 29 July 2024.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the settlement had 129 inhabitants, whose native languages were 83.50% Ukrainian and 16.50% Russian.