OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rutherford v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry

Rutherford v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2006] UKHL 19 is a UK labour law case concerning sex and age discrimination. It also contains the test for indirect discrimination, based on statistical comparisons.

## Facts

Mr Rutherford claimed that, because over 65 years old 7.6% of men and only 3.4% of women were economically active, the Employment Rights Act 1996 sections 109 and 156, which removed unfair dismissal and redundancy for over 65s, were discriminatory on grounds of sex. He argued this limit breached the TFEU article 157 (formerly article 141) because it indirectly discriminated against men.
The Tribunal held that there was discrimination. The Employment Appeal Tribunal allowed the employer's appeal and remitted the question to a tribunal. Again the tribunal found there was discrimination. The Employment Appeal Tribunal again allowed the appeal.

## Judgment
### Court of Appeal

Mummery LJ held the Tribunal had erred in selecting its pool for comparison, because it should have followed R (Seymour-Smith) v Secretary of State for Employment [2000] ICR 244. In this case the ECJ and the House of Lords said the method for comparison was, (a) take the pool as the entire workforce to whom the age limit is applicable; (b) find the number of men under 65 who are advantaged and disadvantaged; (c) find the number of women who are advantaged and disadvantaged (d) compare whether the number of advantaged men is smaller.
He pointed out a difference between looking at who can comply and who cannot comply. It might be that 99.5% of men and 99% of women can comply. It is also that 1% of women and 0.5% of men cannot comply. But focus on the latter means that you can say twice as many women cannot comply. That is misleading.

### House of Lords

The House of Lords held that ERA 1996 sections 109 and 156 did not have a significant enough adverse impact to be discriminatory. Within the group who were not adversely affected (98.8%) there was virtually no difference. It was men to women 1 to 1.0004 while the ratio of men to women who were adversely affected was 1.44 to 1. That was not enough either. Just because more women than men worked beyond 65 did not mean there was discrimination against men, because the difference was purely based on age.
The correct approach is to look at the advantaged group, rather than the disadvantaged, though R (Seymour-Smith) v Secretary of State for Employment left open a ‘disadvantage-led approach’. In some cases it could be an alert for discrimination, but in this situation with the 1 to 1.44 ratio, it was not significant enough. So the Tribunal erred in totally ignoring the effect of an ‘advantage led approach’.
# Newington, Georgia

Newington is a town in Screven County, Georgia, United States. The population was 290 in 2020.

## Geography

Newington is located at 32°35′21″N 81°30′16″W﻿ / ﻿32.589085°N 81.504460°W﻿ / 32.589085; -81.504460.
Georgia State Routes 21 and 24 are the main routes through the town. SR 21 runs northwest-southeast as a four-lane divided highway to the west of downtown, leading northwest 14 mi (23 km) to Sylvania, the Screven County seat, and southeast 20 mi (32 km) to Springfield. SR 24 runs north-south through the downtown area as Oliver Highway, leading north 28 mi (45 km) to Hiltonia and southwest 23 mi (37 km) to Statesboro.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 322 people, 137 households, and 89 families residing in the town. By 2020, its population declined to 290.
# Iron City, Georgia

Iron City is a town in Seminole County, Georgia, United States. The population was 312 in 2020.

## Geography

Iron City is located at 31°0′51″N 84°48′43″W﻿ / ﻿31.01417°N 84.81194°W﻿ / 31.01417; -84.81194 (31.014217, -84.812070). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$) consisting solely of land.
When Iron City was reincorporated in 1908, the corporate limits of the town were to be one half-mile in every direction of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Depot, according to the Ladies Club. According to the census data for Iron City, the town has an area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$). On the map, Iron City is located at 31.01333 N Latitude and -84.81306 W Longitude. It is 40 miles east of Dothan, Alabama and 17 miles west of Bainbridge.

## Demographics

In 2020, the city had a population of 312, down from 321 in 2000.
# Berlin Old Ostbahnhof

The old Berlin Ostbahnhof, more commonly referred to as Küstriner Bahnhof, was a short-lived passenger railway terminus in Berlin, Germany, opened on 1 October 1867 as the terminus of the Prussian Eastern Railway (Ostbahn) to Küstrin (now Kostrzyn) and Königsberg (Kaliningrad).

## History

The station building was the first constructed by the Prussian state instead of a private company, and intended as the terminus of the Prussian Ostbahn (Eastern Railway) to Danzig and Königsberg, and on to Russia. It was located on Küstriner Platz (since 1972: Franz-Mehring-Platz) in the present-day Friedrichshain quarter, slightly north of Frankfurter Bahnhof (the current Ostbahnhof). The station concourse was projected by the Prussian building official Adolf Lohse (1807–1867) and upon his death completed by railway architect Hermann Cuno (1831–1896). As a passenger station it was used until 1882, when the Stadtbahn line was opened, the Silesian Railway company had been nationalized, and the Ostbahn traffic moved to neighbouring Frankfurter Bahnhof, which had been rebuilt as the Schlesischer Bahnhof through station. The rear freight yard later became part of the Wriezener Bahnhof complex opened in 1903.
Some years after the closure the Old Ostbahnhof was used as a balloon factory, and later as a shelter of the Red Cross. On 1 February 1929 the building was converted to a music hall, named Varieté Plaza, then one of the largest in Berlin providing seating for up to 3,000 spectators. "Aryanized" after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, it was used from 1938 by the state leisure organization Kraft durch Freude. The station building was finally damaged in the Bombing of Berlin in World War II and destroyed during the final Battle of Berlin; the premises were cleared by 1952. Several years later, from 1969 to 1974, the large office building of the East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) newspaper Neues Deutschland was erected on the ground of the former railway terminus. A former cogeneration plant in the rear, built in 1953/54, today is home of the Berghain nightclub.
# Tuszów

Tuszów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jabłonna, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Jabłonna and 19 km (12 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# 1912 St. Viator football team

The 1912 St. Viator football team represented St. Viator College during the 1912 college football season. The team compiled a 4–4, but was outscored 229 to 117, largely due to a 116–7 loss to Notre Dame in early October.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 28 | at Grand Prairie Seminary | Onarga, IL | W 19–0 |
| October 5 | at Notre Dame | Cartier FieldNotre Dame, IN | L 7–116 |
| October 19 | Chicago Veterinary | Bourbonnais, IL | W 13–0 |
| October 26 | at Christian Brothers (MO) | St. Louis, MO | L 0–61 |
| November 2 | Dixon College | Bourbonnais, IL | L 19–26 |
| November 9 | at Loyola (IL) | Chicago, IL | W 13–0 |
| November 17 | St. Viator alumni | Bourbonnais, IL | W 34–7 |
| November 28 | at DePaul | Chicago, IL | L 12–19 |
# Vida Mungwira

Vida Victoria Mungwira (born c. 1935) was the first African woman to become a doctor from the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Mungwira certified as a doctor in the United Kingdom before returning to Africa to practice in the territory known as Nyasaland under British colonial rule, in today's Malawi and Zimbabwe.

## Biography

Mungwira grew up in Southern Africa under British colonial rule. Mungwira's family was from a district known as Nyasaland, which was then part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Mungwira grew up speaking Chewa and was a member of the Bantu people.
Mungwira's early education took place at the Howard Institute, a school run by a Salvation Army Mission in the town of Glendale, a village in today's Mazowe District, Mashonaland Central province of Zimbabwe. Later she undertook secondary studies at Inanda Seminary School followed by Fort Hare University, where she graduated with a Bachelors of Science degree in 1954. Fort Hare University was an institution that served only black students, due to the system of apartheid in South Africa at the time.
In 1955, Mungwira travelled to the United Kingdom to study medicine at the University of Bristol. She obtained her degree at age 26 in July 1961. Upon her graduation, Mungwira became the first African woman to qualify as a doctor from the territory of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. After graduation, Mungwira remained in the United Kingdom for a year of compulsory practical training.
In 1962, at age 27, Mungwira returned to Africa to practice medicine. Little is known about Mungwira's later life as a physician. On her return, Mungwira expressed a preference to practice medicine at a rural hospital in her home province of Nyasaland where she grew up. Nyasaland existed until 1964, when it became independent from Britain and was renamed Malawi. In the 1970s, Mungwira's medical practice was based in Salisbury, today, Harare.
# Teesta Torsha Express

The 13141 / 13142 Teesta Torsa Express is a daily non-superfast train in West Bengal, India which runs between Sealdah (SDAH) and New Alipurduar (NOQ) via Kalna, Katwa, Azimganj, Malda Town, New Jalpaiguri,Jalpaiguri Road railway station, Falakata & New Cooch Behar It passes through some important cities of West Bengal such as Berhampore, Malda, Siliguri, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar. It travels 718 km distance taking 17 hours with an average speed of 45 km/h.
Type: Express
Rake: ICF
Rake Zone: ER

## Route and stoppages

* Sealdah (starts)
* Naihati Junction
* Bandel Junction
* Ambika Kalna
* Nabadwip Dham
* Katwa Junction
* Salar
* Bazarsau
* Khagraghat Road
* Azimganj Junction
* Jangipur Road
* Dhulian Ganga
* New Farakka
* Malda Town
* Samsi
* Bhaluka Road
* Harischandrapur
* Barsoi Junction
* Dalkhola
* Aluabari Road
* New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri)
* Jalpaiguri Road railway station
* New Maynaguri
* Dhupguri
* Falakata
* Ghoksadanga
* New Cooch Behar
* New Alipurduar (Ends)

## Timing and schedule

13141 (UP) - Starts daily from Sealdah at Afternoon 15.00 and reaches New Alipurduar at 5.50 AM [as per latest revision in timings]
13142 (DOWN)- Starts daily from New Alipurduar at 12:20 PM and reach Sealdah next Day at Morning 3:45 AM

## Other trains on the Kolkata–New Jalpaiguri sector

* 22301/02 Howrah–New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express
* 12041/42 New Jalpaiguri–Howrah Shatabdi Express
* 22309/40 Howrah–New Jalpaiguri AC Express
* 12377/78 Padatik Express
* 12344/45 Darjeeling Mail
* 15959/60 Kamrup Express
* 13175/76 Kanchanjungha Express
* 12345/46 Saraighat Express
* 15722/23 New Jalpaiguri-Digha Express
* 12518/19 Kolkata Garib Rath Express
* 12526/27 Dibrugarh–Kolkata Superfast Express
* 13141/42 Teesta Torsha Express
* 13147/58 Uttar Banga Express
* 12503/04 Bangalore Humsafar Express
* 13181/82 Kolkata–Silghat Town Kaziranga Express
* 22511/12 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Kamakhya Karmabhoomi Express
* 12526/27 Dibrugarh–Kolkata Superfast Express
* 15644/45 Puri–Kamakhya Weekly Express (via Howrah)
* 12364/65 Kolkata–Haldibari Intercity Express
* 12509/10 Guwahati–Bengaluru Cantt. Superfast Express
* 12507/08 Thiruvananthapuram–Silchar Superfast Express
* 12514/15 Guwahati–Secunderabad Express
# Randall Atcheson

Randall Atcheson is an American concert pianist.

## Life and career

Randall Atcheson, the son of a Southern Baptist minister, was raised in Maplesville, Alabama and Clanton, Alabama. He began studying piano at the age of six and added the organ at the age of nine. By the time he was 12 years old, he was enrolled in the Samford University School of Music in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1971, Atcheson transferred to New York city's Juilliard School where he went on to become the first student allowed to pursue and receive simultaneous degrees in piano and organ performance. He made his New York public performance debut at the Juilliard's Alice Tully Hall playing both instruments.
In the course of his career, Atcheson has performed at major venues internationally, including the Notre Dame Cathedral, Salle Gaveau and the American Embassy in Paris, France, Blenheim Palace in England, as well as 10 performances at Carnegie Hall.
Atcheson was named a Steinway Artist in 1991.

## Discography

| Release Date | Title | Label |
| July 1, 1991 | Ivory Christmas | Polygram Records |
| October 23, 1997 | Christmas by Candlelight | RCA Records |
| January 9, 2001 | Great Piano Romance | Windham Hill Records |
| May 23, 2001 | Piano Healing: Romance Film Collection | Windham Hill Records |
# Crossbank

Crossbank is an area of Lees, a village in the Oldham district, in the county of Greater Manchester, England.

## History

Historically a part of Lancashire, the name Crossbank is thought to derive from the days of the Knights Templar when a cross was etched into an earthen bank to denote lands granted to them.
Prior to 1894, Crossbank had formed a hamlet in the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne, and lying within the Oldham parliamentary borough. Following the Local Government Act 1894, on 31 December Crossbank constituted one of seven civil parishes within the Limehurst Rural District and administrative county of Lancashire. Unlike the other six parishes, Crossbank was an exclave of Limehurst lying to the north, bordering Lees and Waterhead in Oldham. On 1 April 1914, owing to urbanisation, the civil parish was abolished and merged with Lees and became part of Lees Urban District. In 1911 the parish had a population of 1268.
# Daniela Volpi

Daniela Volpi (born (1974-06-11)11 June 1974) is a retired Italian female volleyball player. She was part of the Italy women's national volleyball team.
She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. On club level she played with Carrarese.

## Clubs

* Carrarese (1994)
# East Griffin, Georgia

East Griffin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Spalding County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,561 in 2020.

## Geography

East Griffin is located at 33°14′21″N 84°14′2″W﻿ / ﻿33.23917°N 84.23389°W﻿ / 33.23917; -84.23389 (33.239156, -84.233786).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km$^2$), of which 1.5 square miles (3.9 km$^2$) is land and 0.64% is water.

## Demographics

East Griffin, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 1,362 | 967 | 959 | 83.30% | 66.64% | 61.43% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 194 | 392 | 408 | 11.87% | 27.02% | 26.14% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0.37% | 0.07% | 0.32% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0.43% | 0.00% | 0.19% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0.06% | 0.07% | 0.32% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 23 | 31 | 68 | 1.41% | 2.14% | 4.36% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 42 | 59 | 113 | 2.57% | 4.07% | 7.24% |
| Total | 1,635 | 1,451 | 1,561 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
East Griffin first appeared as an unincorporated place in the 1950 U.S. census and was designated a census designated place in the 1980 U.S. census.
# Uchanie

Uchanie is a village in Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Uchanie. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Hrubieszów and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
Upon the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Uchanie had a population of 1,161 Jews. The Jewish population was sent to nearby Hrubieszów, from where they were sent to the Sobibór extermination camp. The Jewish community then ceased to exist.
According to the data of the ethnographic expedition of 1869-1870 under the leadership of Pavlo Chubynskyi, Greek Catholics who spoke Ukrainian lived in this village
Between the years of 1928-1932, the Polish government ordered the destruction of the local Orthodox church as part of a large-scale campaign to destroy Ukrainian churches in the Kholm region and Podlasie.
# 2025 IIHF Asia Championship

The 2025 IIHF Asia Championship was an international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It was the first edition of this event. The tournament was played at Halyk Arena in Almaty, Kazakhstan, from 6 to 9 November 2024. Kazakhstan won the tournament after winning the group.

## Creation

The tournament was first proposed in May 2023 after collaboration was agreed between China, Japan, Kazakhstan and South Korea with the IIHF to grow Asian Ice Hockey. The four nations have agreed to play this tournament for four years.

## Venue

The venue was the Halyk Arena in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| Almaty | Almaty | Almaty |
| Almaty | Almaty | Halyk Arena |
| Almaty | Almaty | Capacity: 12,000 |

## Final standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Kazakhstan (H) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 6 |
| 2 | Japan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | +2 | 6 |
| 3 | South Korea | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 8 | −1 | 4 |
| 4 | China | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 11 | −7 | 2 |
* 1 2 Kazakhstan 5–1 Japan

## Match results

All times are local (Time in Kazakhstan – UTC+5).
# Service d'Intelligence National

Service d'Intelligence National (National Intelligence Service, SIN) was a Haitian intelligence agency created by the US Central Intelligence Agency after the 1986 overthrow of Jean-Claude Duvalier, at the height of the Anti-Duvalier protest movement. The unit, staffed by officers of the Armed Forces of Haiti, "engaged in drug trafficking and political violence". The CIA provided half a million to a million dollars per year to train SIN in counter-narcotics, but the group produced no intelligence and instead used their training against political opponents.
The 1987 Haitian general election was cancelled after troops led by SIN member Col Jean Claude Paul massacred 30 – 300 voters on election day. Jimmy Carter later wrote that
   "Citizens who lined up to vote were mowed down by fusillades of terrorists' bullets. Military leaders, who had either orchestrated or condoned the murders, moved in to cancel the election and retain control of the Government."
Despite this the CIA continued to give the SIN up to $1m per year, even as the SIN continued to target political opponents. Between 1986 and 1991 SIN murdered up to 5000 members of democratic movements.
The CIA only cut its ties to SIN after the 1991 Haitian coup d'état which ended Jean-Bertrand Aristide's 8-month Presidency, following the 1990–91 Haitian general election. Its support for SIN, and SIN's involvement in drug trafficking, became public in 1993.
Emmanuel Constant has said that he helped found SIN.
# 1992 Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District Council election

Elections to the Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District Council took place on 7 May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.

## Results

1992 Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District Council election result :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Labour | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 58.3 | 45.4 | 9,565 | 6.1 |
| SNP | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 41.7 | 44.1 | 9,303 | 3.7 |
| Conservative | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0.0 | 8.9 | 1,880 | New |
| Independent Nationalist | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0.0 | 1.5 | 325 | New |
Source:
# Tramway Oval

Tramway Oval, also known as Lakeside Oval, is a multi-purpose public sports ground located in Moore Park, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales. The oval is a premium sports facility in the Centennial Parklands, located immediately west of the Sydney Cricket Ground and south of Kippax Lake on an approximately semicircular grassy wedge between Driver Avenue and the CBD and South East Light Rail which runs along Anzac Parade.
Tramway Oval is primarily used as a training ground for professional clubs who use the nearby Sydney Cricket Ground and Sydney Football Stadium, particularly the Sydney Swans Australian rules football club (including its junior academy) and the New South Wales Waratahs rugby union club. Spectator facilities at the venue are minimal.
The construction of the light rail along Anzac Parade in the mid-2010s reduced the width of the oval to only 101m wide, well short of the minimum width for an Australian rules football oval. A redevelopment of the surface finishing in 2019 saw its size increased to match that of Melbourne's Docklands Stadium, and made the venue suitable for state level Australian rules football. The Sydney Swans reserves team now plays its competitive matches in the Victorian Football League (and previously in the North East Australian Football League) on the ground.
# Audrey Levy

Audrey Levy (born 1928) is a British artist and textile designer.
Levy was born in the city of Nottingham, England. She studied textiles at a young age and graduated from the Royal College of Art. She received the Council of Industrial Design's (CoID) ‘Design of the Year’ award twice, the first time for a screen painted wallpaper she did for The Wall Paper Manufacturers Ltd (WPM), and a year later for the design ‘Phantom Rose’ for the Palladio Scheme. She also contributed to Palladio with her skeletal leaf pattern. For Palladio 3 she created murals such as Maze and Treescape, as well as smaller, textual patterns such as Pebble.
She also designed a pattern for T G Green & Co. Ltd in 1959, a pottery company. She helped judge the Design Centre Awards in 1964 together with, journalist Katherine Whitehorn, architect and designer Neville Ward, and George Williams, Chief Executive of the British Railways Design Panel. She was a Fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers. Her work is displayed as a permanent collection at the Whitworth Art Gallery. The Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture also holds a number of examples of her wallpapers.
# Shalom Levin

Shalom Levin (Hebrew: שלום לוין; 27 March 1916 – 14 April 1995) was an Israeli teacher and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1977.

## Biography

Born in Rakaŭ near Minsk in the Russian Empire (present-day Belarus), Levin studied at the Tarbut Teachers Seminary in Vilnius, and was a member of the Jewish HeHalutz movement in Poland.
In 1937 he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine. In 1952 he got an MA degree in bible, literature and the history of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning there a PhD in philosophy of education in 1976. He served as general secretary of the Israel Teachers Union between 1955 and 1980, when he became its president until his death in 1995. Between 1963 and 1968 he also served as president of the International Federation of Teachers' Associations.
A member of the central committee and secretariat of Mapai, he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list in 1969, and was re-elected in 1973. He was not included in the Alignment list in the 1977 elections, when the Likud party defeated the Alignment and took over the government, and served as a member of the Histadrut's organising committee between 1977 and 1981.
He died in 1995 and was buried in South Cemetery.