OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mahesh Kakde

Mahesh Ramesh Kakde (born 1983) is a mathematician working in algebraic number theory.

## Biography

Mahesh Kakde was born on 1983 in Akola, India. He obtained a Bachelor of Mathematics degree at the Indian Statistical Institute in Bangalore in 2004, and a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in 2005. He completed his PhD under the supervision of John Coates at the University of Cambridge in 2008. He subsequently worked at Princeton University, University College London, and King's College London, before becoming a professor at the Indian Institute of Science in 2019.

## Research

Kakde proved the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory in the totally real μ = 0 case. Together with Samit Dasgupta and Kevin Ventullo, he proved the Gross–Stark conjecture. In a joint project with Samit Dasgupta, they proved the Brumer–Stark conjecture away from 2 in 2020, and later over $\mathbb {Z}$ in 2023. Generalising these methods, they also gave a solution to Hilbert's 12th problem for totally real fields. Their methods were subsequently used by Johnston and Nickel to prove the equivariant Iwasawa main conjecture for abelian extensions without the μ = 0 hypothesis.

## Awards

In 2019, Kakde was awarded a Swarnajayanti Fellowship.
Together with Samit Dasgupta, Kakde was one of the invited speakers at the International Congress of Mathematicians 2022, where they gave a joint talk on their work on the Brumer–Stark conjecture.
In 2022, Kakde received the Infosys Prize for his contributions to algebraic number theory. In his congratulatory message, Jury Chair Chandrashekhar Khare noted that "[Kakde’s] work on the main conjecture of non-commutative Iwasawa theory, on the Gross-Stark conjecture and on the Brumer-Stark conjecture has had a big impact on the field of algebraic number theory. His work makes important progress towards a p-adic analytic analog of Hilbert’s 12th problem on construction of abelian extensions of number fields."
In 2023, Kakde became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.
# Ed Phillips (pitcher)

Norman Edwin Phillips (September 20, 1944 – September 20, 2017) was a middle relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the 1970 season.
Listed at 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg), Phillips batted and threw right-handed. The Ardmore, Oklahoma, native grew up in Portland, Maine, where he graduated from Deering High School. He attended Colby College, and in 1963 he played collegiate summer baseball for Chatham of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Red Sox in the 16th round of the 1966 MLB Draft.
In 18 relief appearances with Boston, Phillips posted a 0–2 record with a 5.32 ERA without a save, giving up 14 runs on 29 hits and 10 walks while striking out 23 in 23+2⁄3 innings of work.
He died of cancer on his 73rd birthday, September 20, 2017.
# Patrick Henry Brittan House

The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State of Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1979. The building is located at 507 Columbus Street.

## History

The house went through various owners after the Brittan family, and was eventually acquired by Old Alabama Town in 1994. Old Alabama Town is a partnership of the Landmarks Foundation of Montgomery and City of Montgomery. It was founded in 1967. Many of its more than fifty authentically restored 19th and early 20th century structures from around the state are clustered together into a village-like grouping that operates as a living history museum. They have restored the Patrick Henry Brittan House, and, unlike many of Old Alabama Town's rescued properties, it remains on its original site.
# Bernoulli's triangle

Bernoulli's triangle is an array of partial sums of the binomial coefficients. For any non-negative integer n and for any integer k included between 0 and n, the component in row n and column k is given by:
    $\sum _{p=0}^{k}{n \choose p},$
i.e., the sum of the first k nth-order binomial coefficients. The first rows of Bernoulli's triangle are:
    ${\begin{array}{cc|cccccc}&k&0&1&2&3&4&5\\n&&\\\hline 0&&1\\1&&1&2\\2&&1&3&4\\3&&1&4&7&8\\4&&1&5&11&15&16\\5&&1&6&16&26&31&32\end{array}}$
Similarly to Pascal's triangle, each component of Bernoulli's triangle is the sum of two components of the previous row, except for the last number of each row, which is double the last number of the previous row. For example, if $B_{n,k}$ denotes the component in row n and column k, then:
    $B_{n,k}={\begin{cases}1&{\mbox{if }}n=0\\B_{n-1,k}+B_{n-1,k-1}&{\mbox{if }}k<n\\2B_{n-1,k-1}=2^{n}&{\mbox{if }}k=n\end{cases}}$

## Sequences derived from the Bernoulli triangle

As in Pascal's triangle and other similarly constructed triangles, sums of components along diagonal paths in Bernoulli's triangle result in the Fibonacci numbers.
As the third column of Bernoulli's triangle (k = 2) is a triangular number plus one, it forms the lazy caterer's sequence for n cuts, where n ≥ 2. The fourth column (k = 3) is the three-dimensional analogue, known as the cake numbers, for n cuts, where n ≥ 3.
The fifth column (k = 4) gives the maximum number of regions in the problem of dividing a circle into areas for n + 1 points, where n ≥ 4.
In general, the (k + 1)th column gives the maximum number of regions in k-dimensional space formed by n − 1 (k − 1)-dimensional hyperplanes, for n ≥ k. It also gives the number of compositions (ordered partitions) of n + 1 into k + 1 or fewer parts.
# Margaret Douie Dougal

Margaret Douie Dougal (1858 or 1859 – 1938, née Robertson, later Chaplin) was a British chemical publication indexer for fifteen years (1885–1909) for the Chemical Society. Dougal contributed to the compilation of volumes i-iii of A Collective Index of the Transactions, Proceedings and Abstracts of the Chemical Society. The then president of the Chemical society, Sir James Dewar, congratulated Dougal for her work as "an example of thoroughness and accuracy to her successors." The collected decennial indices were also prepared by Dougal; at the 1906 Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society it was noted that the Council "had pleasure in expressing the high appreciation of the ceaseless energy displayed by the indexer, Mrs. Margaret Dougal, on the completion of this valuable work."
Under Thomas Edward Thorpe, Dougal conducted inorganic chemistry research of mixed salts of chromium by testing their compositions. Research she conducted also provided insight on the stress and fracturing behavior of iron in Scottish craftsmanship and manufacturing in 1892.
Dougal was born Margaret Douie Robertson in Singapore in 1858 or 1859, the daughter of J.H. Robertson M.D.. She married William Dougal and, after his death, married Arnold Chaplin M.D. F.R.C.P. on 29 July 1909. She died in London on 9 November 1938 at the age of 79.
# Luke Sutherland

Luke Sutherland (born 1971) born in London, brought up in Scotland. A full-time member of two independent bands and an occasional member of Mogwai, active also as a music producer, he has also published a number of written works.

## Biography

Born in London, Sutherland grew up in Orkney and the town of Blairgowrie in Perthshire. While he was at the University of Glasgow, he and others formed the Scottish post-rock band Long Fin Killie, who were active from 1993 until 1998. The band recorded three albums for the independent label Too Pure: Houdini (1995), Valentino (1996) and Amelia (1998). He then formed Bows, the band releasing two albums. Since 2000, he has been an occasional and touring member of Mogwai, playing violin and more recently guitar. He also sings on and has a writing credit for the track "Mexican Grand Prix". He also sings with a band called Music A.M. with Stefan Schneider and Volker Bertelmann, releasing three albums: A Heart & Two Stars (2004), My City Glittered Like a Breaking Wave (2005) and Unwound From The Wood (2006). Sutherland has recently formed the band Rev Magnetic.
Sutherland's debut novel, Jelly Roll, was nominated for the Whitbread Prize in the first novel category in 1998. His novella Venus As A Boy (2004) talks extensively about Sutherland's own childhood in Orkney, where he and his sister were the sole African children.
# The Charts (American group)

The Charts were an American doo-wop group of the 1950s, most famous for their recording "Deserie".
The group formed as The Thrilltones in Harlem, New York, in 1956, and comprised teenagers Joe Grier (lead), Stephen Brown (first tenor), Glenmore Jackson (second tenor), Leroy Binns (baritone), and Ross Buford (bass). They acquired a manager, Les Cooper, who had previously been a member of various R&B groups, and who changed their name to The Charts.
They were signed to the Everlast label, owned by Bobby Robinson's brother Danny, who released their first single "Deserie" in May 1957. The song's authorship was credited to Cooper and Johnson, although singer Joe Grier later claimed that he had written the song along with the group's other material. The record was No. 3 on the national R&B charts, and was later featured on many compilations of doo-wop classics.
After a few more singles for Everlast, the original Charts disbanded in 1958 when Grier went into the service. On his return, he took up the saxophone, and featured on the 1962 instrumental hit by Les Cooper and his group the Soul Rockers, "Wiggle Wobble" (No. 22 pop, No. 12 R&B).
Brown and Binns kept the group's name going for several years with new members. They released an updated version of "Deserie" in 1967, retitled "Desiree", and continued touring and appearing at doowop revival concerts with various versions of The Charts until around 1983. Binns continued to perform with later versions of The Coasters and The Del Vikings.
"Deserie" was later recorded, as "Désiree", by Laura Nyro on her 1971 album Gonna Take a Miracle.
In 1985, the group was Grier, Alex Augustine, Mickey Collier, and Jim Moschella (former member of The Elegants). The group appeared on the PBS special Red, White, and Rock in 2002. The group was Grier, Binns, and two then-current members of the Del-Vikings, Dickie Harmon and Butch Phillips.
Leroy Binns died In January 2020.
# Valery Afanassiev

Valery Pavlovich Afanassiev (Russian: Валерий Павлович Афанасьев, romanized: Valery Pavlovich Afanacyev; born 8 September 1947) is a Russian pianist, writer and conductor.

## Life

Valery Afanassiev was born in Moscow. He studied piano at the Academic Music College and Moscow Conservatory with Emil Gilels and Yakov Zak. He was the winner of the Bach Competition in Leipzig in 1968, as well as 1st prize recipient at the Concours Reine Elisabeth in Brussels in 1971. Shortly after, while touring around Belgium, he decided to seek political asylum, and was eventually granted Belgian citizenship.
Afanassiev lives in Versailles.

## Work and critical reception

Afanassiev become widely known in the 1980s due to his musical partnership with Gidon Kremer. Their joint recordings of chamber works by Mozart, Schubert, and Brahms were highly praised. His interpretations of solo piano works by Franz Schubert, Ludwig van Beethoven and the others have aroused controversy on account of Afanassiev's tempi choices and idiosyncratic expressiveness. One review of his recording of Schubert's last three piano sonatas stated: "the perversity encountered here so angered me that I felt I could not dignify what I found here with any kind of coherent analysis".
Afanassiev is also a writer of poetry, novels, and drama. He is also an orchestral conductor.
# Cobbtown, Georgia

Cobbtown is a city in Tattnall County, Georgia, United States. The population was 341 in 2020.

## History

A variant name was "Corsica". The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place as the "Town of Cobbtown" in 1905.

## Geography

Cobbtown is located at 32°16′53″N 82°8′18″W﻿ / ﻿32.28139°N 82.13833°W﻿ / 32.28139; -82.13833 (32.281376, -82.138288).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 311 people, 139 households, and 91 families residing in the city. By 2020, its population was 341.
# Zé de Mello

José Inácio de Mello (born 7 January 1934), known as Zé de Mello, is a Brazilian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He made five appearances for the Brazil national team in 1959. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1959 South American Championship that took place in Ecuador.
# Ukrainian Soviet Army

The Ukrainian Soviet Army (Ukrainian: Українська радянська армія, romanized: Ukrayinsʹka radyansʹka armiya) was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between November 30, 1918 and June 1, 1919. It was officially the Army of the second formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The commander-in-chief was Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko and the Army counted 188,000 soldiers in May 1919. It operated from January 4, 1919 on the territory of Ukraine as part of the Ukrainian Front.
The Army was disbanded on June 1, 1919 and its formations came under command of Moscow, when the initial positive mood of the Ukrainian peasant soldiers had changed dramatically under the influence of the policy of War communism. This had led to rebellions in parts of the Ukrainian Red Army at the end of April - early May 1919, of which the most serious was that of the 6th Ukrainian Soviet Division, called the Hryhoriv Uprising.

## Commanders
### Commander

* Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko

### Members of the Revolutionary Military Council

* Volodymyr Zatonsky
* Fyodor Sergeyev

### Chief of Staff

* Voldemar Aussem

## Sources

* The Civil War in Ukraine 1918–1920. Collection of documents and materials in three volumes, four books. Kiev, 1967.
* V. Antonov-Ovseyenko. Notes on the Civil War.
# Bearcat

The bearcat, also known as the binturong, is a viverrine mammal from Southeast Asia.
Bearcat or bearkat may also refer to:

## Entertainment

* Bearcats!, a 1971 American TV series
* The Bearcat, a 1922 film starring Hoot Gibson
* "Do the Bearcat", a popular Canadian blues song written and performed by David Wilcox
* Bearcat Wright, a professional wrestler popular in the late 1950s and 1960s
* Keith Lee (wrestler), professional wrestler known as Bearcat Lee
* Bearcat (album), by Clifford Jordan

## Locations

* Bearcat Base, a former U.S. Army base near the city of Biên Hòa in Đồng Nai Province in southern Vietnam

## Technology

* AeroLites Bearcat, an American homebuilt aircraft design
* BearCat, a line of radio scanners produced by Uniden
* Grumman F8F Bearcat, a Grumman-built fighter aircraft used by the U.S. Navy
* Lenco BearCat, an armored personnel carrier
* Ruger Bearcat, a single-action .22 LR revolver
* Stutz Bearcat, an automobile produced by the Stutz Motor Company

## Sports teams

* Baruch Bearcats, at Baruch College
* Binghamton Bearcats, at Binghamton University
* Brescia Bearcats, at Brescia University
* Cincinnati Bearcats, at University of Cincinnati
* Northwest Missouri State Bearcats, at Northwest Missouri State University
* Sam Houston State Bearkats, at Sam Houston State University
* Southwest Baptist Bearcats, at Southwest Baptist University
* Truro Bearcats, Truro, Nova Scotia
* Willamette Bearcats, at Willamette University
# Manassas, Georgia

Manassas is a city in Tattnall County, Georgia, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 59.

## History

The community was named after Manassas Foy, the son of a local citizen. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Manassas as a city in 1920.

## Geography

Manassas is located at 32°9′51″N 82°1′17″W﻿ / ﻿32.16417°N 82.02139°W﻿ / 32.16417; -82.02139 (32.164091, -82.021337).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

Manassas city, Georgia – Demographic Profile (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 46 | 36 | 48.94% | 61.02% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 36 | 23 | 38.30% | 38.98% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 1 | 0 | 1.06% | 0.00% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 11 | 0 | 11.70% | 0.00% |
| Total | 94 | 59 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
In 2020, its population was 59, down from 94 in 2010 and 100 in 2000.
# Apadana

Apadana (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎠𐎭𐎴, or) is a large hypostyle hall in Persepolis, Iran. It belongs to the oldest building phase of the city of Persepolis, in the first half of the 5th century BC, as part of the original design by Darius the Great. Its construction was completed by Xerxes I. Modern scholarship "demonstrates the metaphorical nature of the Apadana reliefs as idealised social orders".

## Etymology

As a word, apadāna (Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴, masc.) is used to designate a hypostyle hall, i.e., a palace or audience hall of stone construction with columns. The word is rendered in Elamite as ha-ha-da-na and in Babylonian ap-pa-da-an is etymologically ambiguous. It has been compared to the Sanskrit āpādana (आपादन) which means 'to arrive at', and also to the Sanskrit apa-dhā (अपधा) which means "a hide-out or concealment", and the Greek apo-thēkē (αποθήκη), meaning "storehouse". The word survived into later periods in Iran, as the Parthian 'pdn(y) or 'pdnk(y) "palace", and outside Iran it still survives in several languages as loan-words (including the Arabic فَدَن (transliteration: fadan) for "palace" and the Armenian aparan-kʿ for "palace".)
As a modern architectural and archaeological term, the word apadana is also used to refer to Urartian hypostyle halls, such as those excavated at Altintepe and Erebuni. These halls predate those from Persia, and it has been proposed that Urartu could be the stylistic origin of the later Persian hypostyle audience halls.

## Apadana Palace in Susa

The Apadana Palace in Susa started construction during the reign of Darius after the overall plan was chosen in 515 BC but it was finished during the reign of Xerxes I. The walls of this palace are made of clay with a brick facade and its columns are made of stone. Its inner walls were covered with glazed brick reliefs and featured soldiers of the Eternal Guard, a winged lion, and a lotus flower. Important parts of the Apadana Palace caught fire during the reign of Artaxerxes I (461 BC) and were rebuilt during the reign of Artaxerxes II (359 BC).

## Description

The Apadana was the largest building on the Terrace at Persepolis and was excavated by the German archaeologist Ernst Herzfeld and his assistant Friedrich Krefter, and Erich Schmidt, between 1931 and 1939. Important material relevant to the excavations are today housed in the archives of the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.

## Measurements

The Apadana at Persepolis has a surface of 1000 square metres; its roof was supported by 72 columns, each 24 metres tall. The entire hall was destroyed in 331 BC by the army of Alexander the Great. Stones from the columns were used as building material for nearby settlements. By the start of the 20th century, only 13 of these giant columns were still standing. The re-erecting of a complete, but fallen column in the 1970s, is now the 14th standing column of the Apadana.
The Apadana in Susa was—like the city itself—largely abandoned, and pillaged for building material.

## Legacy

The apadana hall influenced the Umayyad architecture. Early mosques built in Persia and Iraq imitate this structure.
# Claudio Muñoz (footballer, born 1984)

Claudio Andrès Muñoz Camilo (born December 2, 1984) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a defender.

## Club career

A product of Universidad Católica youth system, he is a well remembered player of Huachipato from 2012 to 2016. In 2008, he played abroad for the Venezuelan club Unión Atlético Maracaibo.
In Chile, he also played for Provincial Osorno, Universidad de Concepción, Unión La Calera, Deportes Antofagasta and San Marcos de Arica, where he became the team captain.
His last club was Tulsa Roughnecks in the 2018 USL.

## International career

He made two appearances for the Chile national team in 2006 and 2007.

## Post-retirement

Following his retirement, he made his home in Tulsa, Oklahoma and has continued with his studies as a soccer coach. He works as coach and director of West Side Alliance Soccer Club with men and women players.

## Honours
### Club
#### Universidad Católica

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2005 Clausura

#### Universidad de Concepción

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2009

#### Huachipato

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2012 Clausura
# Edwin Haslam

Edwin Haslam (1932 – 3 October 2013) was an organic chemist and an author of books on polyphenols. He was an alumnus of Sir John Deane's College in Northwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom and was for many years Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Sheffield.
Haslam proposed a first comprehensive definition of plant polyphenols based on the earlier proposals of Edgar Charles Bate-Smith, Tony Swain and Theodore White, which includes specific structural characteristics common to all phenolics having a tanning property. It is referred to as the White–Bate-Smith–Swain–Haslam (WBSSH) definition.

## Works

* Chemistry of vegetable tannins, 1 edition – first published in 1966
* The shikimate pathway, 2 editions – first published in 1974
* Metabolites and metabolism, 1 edition – first published in 1985
* Plant polyphenols: vegetable tannins revisited, 1 edition – first published in 1989 ISBN 0-521-32189-1
* Shikimic acid, 1 edition – first published in 1993
* Practical Polyphenolics, 2 editions – first published in 1998, ISBN 978-0-521-46513-7
# Florencia Saavedra

Florencia Victoria Saavedra Sabat (Arabic: فلورنسيا صابات; born 4 April 2005) is a Chilean Palestinian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for McNeese Cowgirls and the Palestine national team.

## Youth career

On 4 December 2023, Saavedra helped the Cruzados reach the final of the Femenino Gatorade, opening the score in the 12th minute.
In December 2023, Saavedra won the best player award of the under-19 category of Cruzados youth teams.
On 2023, Saavedra won 2 times the national chilean championship, being on the starting eleven both times.
On 2024, Saavedra won the chilean championship again, with Universidad Católica for the third time.

## College career

On 9 November 2023, McNeese Cowgirls announced the signing of Saavedra for the 2024–25 academic year.

## International career

Born in Chile, Saavedra holds dual Chilean and Palestinian nationality and was eligible to represent either country.
In January 2023, She was called for La Roja under-20 team for a training camp in Quilín.
In November 2024, She got her first call-up to the Palestinian senior team for the two friendlies against Saudi Arabia. On 29 November 2024, she made her debut for the team in a 1–0 victory over Saudi Arabia, coming on as a substitute for Dima Al Ramhe in the 78th minute.

### Career statistics
#### Caps

List of international caps for Palestine / Florencia Saavedra :
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Result | Minutes | Competition |
| 1 | 29 November 2024 | Aspire Academy Stadium, Doha | Saudi Arabia | 1–0 | 13' | International Friendly |
| 2 | 3 December 2024 | Aspire Academy Stadium, Doha | Saudi Arabia | 0–2 | 29' | International Friendly |