OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chris Clarkson (politician)

Christopher Mark Clarkson (born 12 November 1982) is a British Conservative Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Heywood & Middleton from 2019 to 2024. Prior to entering Parliament, Clarkson was a Salford City Councillor for Worsley.

## Early life and career

Chris Clarkson was born on 12 November 1982 to Terence Clarkson and Alison Clarkson (née Parker) in Wegberg, West Germany. He grew up in Blackburn, Lancashire where he attended St Wilfrid's Church of England High School, before studying law at Dundee University. He then worked for IRIS Legal as a corporate development manager, and was a consultant at Virgin from 2010 to 2019.
Clarkson is a member of the Countryside Alliance and a supporter of Brexit. Prior to being elected to Parliament, he was a Salford City councillor between 2011 and 2019. Whilst on the council, he was chair of the Audit and Accounts Committee from 2016 to 2018.

## Parliamentary career

At the 2015 general election, Clarkson stood as the Conservative candidate in Wallasey, coming second with 22.7% of the vote behind the incumbent Labour MP Angela Eagle.
Clarkson was elected to Parliament as MP for Heywood and Middleton at the 2019 general election with 43.1% of the vote and a majority of 663.
On 22 October 2020, Clarkson criticised Mayor of Greater Manchester Andy Burnham in a parliamentary debate over his disagreements with the government concerning financial support for stricter COVID-19 restrictions, accusing Burnham of "opportunism". In response, Clarkson was called "scum" by Deputy Leader of the Labour Party Angela Rayner. She later apologised, stating: "I apologise for the language that I used in a heated debate in Parliament earlier".
On 10 November 2020, Clarkson was appointed as Parliamentary private secretary to the Ministry of Justice.
In November 2022, following the outcome of a coroner's court hearing into the 2020 death of Awaab Ishak, Clarkson called the company who provided the housing (Rochdale Boroughwide Housing, or RBH) "modern day slum lords". He said that he has photographs from his constituents living in RBH properties showing that the poor living conditions seen in Ishak's home were "not an isolated incident".
Clarkson announced in June 2023 that he would not seek re-election as an MP at the 2024 general election, explaining that his Heywood and Middleton constituency was being abolished. On 3 June 2024, it was announced that Clarkson was selected as the Conservative candidate for Stratford-on-Avon at the 2024 general election. This proved controversial, with the Conservative group leader on Stratford on Avon District Council accusing the party of overlooking women and how local members did not know who was on the shortlist until arriving at the meeting. Clarkson failed to win the Stratford-on-Avon seat, losing to the Liberal Democrats' Manuela Perteghella.

## Personal life

Clarkson is a member of the Carlton Club in London, and St James' Club in Manchester.
# Quong Wing v. Kirkendall

Quong Wing v. Kirkendall, 223 U.S. 59 (1912), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a State does not deny the equal protection of the laws merely by adjusting its revenue laws and taxing system in such a way as to favor certain industries or forms of industry. This was one of the earliest cases to articulate the principle of rational basis review.
# Parkersburg Women's Club

Parkersburg Women's Club is a historic clubhouse located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It was built between about 1860 and 1879, as a private home in the Italian Villa style. It is a two-story, frame building with a very low-pitched hipped roof. It features a one-story wraparound porch. It has housed the Parkersburg Women's Club since 1921.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and it is a contributing property to the Avery Street Historic District, which was designated and listed on the National Register in 1986.
# Amir Emad Mirmirani

Amir Emad Mirmirani (Persian: امیر عماد میرمیرانی) also known as Jadi (Persian: جادی), is an educator, programmer, blogger, Geek, Hacker and internet activist in the field of Free and open-source software and Linux in Iran. He was arrested in October 2022 amidst the Mahsa Amini protests for raising awareness about internet censorship in Iran and the role of various tech companies including Abr Arvan in it.

## Background

Jadi has a Bachelor of Science in Telecommunications engineering from the K. N. Toosi University of Technology and a master's degree in sociology from Allameh Tabataba'i University. He is an expert in Linux and Python and has worked in telecommunication companies with different companies around the world. He is considered one of the leading lecturers of scientific courses on Python, Blockchain, Bitcoin, Machine learning and LPIC in Iran. He is also the author and translator of technical and science fictions books. Some of his translations include Just for fun, a biographical account of Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel and Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson.
Jadi also hosts a podcast called Radio Geek (also known as Radio Jadi). He is passionate about freedom of expression and believes in human-digital rights.

## Arrest

On October 5, 2022, security forces raided his house, arrested him without showing an arrest warrant and took him to Evin Prison. His arrest was believed to be in connection with his efforts educating and warning about internet censorship and Islamic Republic's plans to establish a Cyberspace service regulation system as well as raising awareness about tech companies such as Abr Arvan that cooperate with the government of Iran to cut off Iranian users' access to the internet and provide access only to domestic networks.
Shortly after the arrest, his Twitter and Instagram accounts were deactivated. His arrest was part of a wave of arrests carried out by the Government of Iran as a result of the September 2022 Iranian protests. He was released on bail on December 12, 2022. and later his case was closed without a final ruling.
# Arley Méndez

Arley Méndez Perez (born 31 December 1993) is a Chilean weightlifter, World Champion and two-time Pan American Champion competing in the 85 kg category until 2018 and 89 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.

## Career

He competed for Chile at the 2017 World Weightlifting Championships winning the gold medal in all three categories in the –85 kg division, ahead of the Olympic champion and heavy favorite Kianoush Rostami.
In 2018, he competed in the newly created 89 kg category at the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships in Ashgabat winning a gold medal in the Snatch portion of the competition.
He represented Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
In 2024, he won the silver medal in the men's 89 kg event at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Caracas, Venezuela.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2021 | Tokyo, Japan | 81 kg | 160 | 163 | 165 | 8 | 190 | 190 | 190 | — | — | — |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2017 | Anaheim, United States | 85 kg | 163 | 171 | 175 | | 203 | 214 | 221 | | 378 | |
| 2018 | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 89 kg | 160 | 168 | 169 | | 190 | 200 | 210 | 7 | 369 | 5 |
# Mathew Kavukattu

Kavukattu Mar Mathew Metropolitan (17 July 1904 – 9 October 1969) was the first Syro-Malabar Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Changanassery. He was appointed bishop in 1950, elevated as archbishop in 1956 and served as Metropolitan until his death. He was named a Servant of God in 1994.
# Stanislaus von Engeström (Major general)

Gustaf Stanislaus von Engeström, (Swedish: Gustaf Stanislaus Benzelstierna von Engeström; Polish: Gustaw Stanisław Benzelstierna Engeström; Russian: Станислав Лаврентьевич Энгестрём, romanized: Stanislav Lavrentievich Engeström; 28 July 1791 – 14 October 1850), he was the son of the Swedish diplomat and statesmen Lars von Engeström and his wife Rosalie Drya-Chiapowska. He started his military career as a Cornet in the Life Guards of Horse regiment in 1808. The very next year he was named a Lieutenant in the same regiment. In 1810 he was named Chamberlain at court of Charles XIII. In 1812 he became a Rittmeister and later the same year a Staff officer.
Stanislaus took part in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 as an adjutant to Field Marshal Gebhard von Blücher, and was subsequently awarded with the prussian Pour le Mérite for his actions during the battle. He was also awarded the Swedish Order of the Sword and the För tapperhet i fält medal for it.
In 1814 he became a Major in the Smålands Regiment. He became a brigadier at the Swedish generalstaff in 1816. He was dismissed from his post in 1817 and soon entered into prussian and later Russian service. He died in 1850 having achieved the rank of Major general in the Russian army.

## Gallery

* Coat of Arms of the noble family von Engeström.
* Family tree of the von Engeström noble family.
* Field Marshal von Blücher whom he served under at the Battle of the Nations in 1813.
* Epqulette for a Russian Major general in 1850.

## Awards

* Knight of the Order of the Sword,
* Medal in gold for För tapperhet i fält,
* Knight of the Pour le Mérite,
* Knight 4th Class of the Order of St. George,
* Knight of the Order of the White Eagle,
* Knight Commander of the Order of St. Stanislaus,
# Aibek Oralbay

Aibek Oralbay Rahatuly (Kazakh: Айбек Оралбай Рахатұлы, Aybek Oralbay Rahatulı; born 11 June 2000) is a Kazakh amateur boxer. While representing Kazakhstan in the heavyweight division, he won a gold medal at the 2018 Youth Olympics and silver at the 2018 Youth World Championships. He has been selected by Kazakhstan for the 2024 Summer Olympics.
He is the twin brother of fellow boxer Nurbek Oralbay.
# 2015 Nasarawa State gubernatorial election

The 2015 Nasarawa State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on April 11, 2015, the APC nominee Umaru Tanko Al-Makura won his re-election bid, defeating Labaran Maku of the APGA.
Umaru Tanko Al-Makura emerged APC gubernatorial candidate after defeating 2 other candidates who are Reuben Audu and James Angbazo. He picked Silas Ali Agara as his running mate. Labaran Maku was the APGA candidate with Abua Alhaji Ibrahim as his running mate. 8 candidates contested in the election.

## Electoral system

The Governor of Nasarawa State is elected using the plurality voting system.

## Primary election
### APC primary

The APC primary election was held on December 6, 2014. Umaru Tanko Al-Makura won the primary election after defeating 2 other candidates, Reuben Audu and James Angbazo.

### APGA primary

Labaran Maku was granted waiver by the APGA therefore, emerged the party's flag bearer. Maku's name was sent to INEC as a substitute for Matthew Ombugaku who earlier emerged the governorship candidate in the primary election.

## Results

A total number of 8 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election.
The total number of 623,279 votes were cast and 771 votes were rejected.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Umaru Tanko Al-Makura | All Progressives Congress | 309,746 | 50.90 |
| | Labaran Maku | All Progressives Grand Alliance | 178,983 | 29.41 |
| | Yusuf Agabi | People's Democratic Party | 119,782 | 19.68 |
| Total | Total | Total | 608,511 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 608,511 | 99.87 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 771 | 0.13 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 609,282 | 100.00 |
| Source: Premium Times |||||
# Straus v. American Publishers Association

Straus v. American Publishers Association, 231 U.S. 222 (1913), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held an agreement that is manifestly anti-competitive and illegal under the Sherman Antitrust Act cannot be justified by copyright.
# James Remsen

James S. "Uncle Jim" Remsen (October 1811, Queens Village, New York – August 21, 1887) was a landowner and developer of Rockaway Beach, Queens as a major amusement district in the 19th century. He is also known for his development of Canarsie and East New York in Brooklyn.
Remsen managed to acquire title to a large portion of the peninsula, and was known to promulgate a railroad project linking the Canarsie and East New York neighborhoods, which provided ferry passengers to Rockaway Beach. He took William Wainwright, who was to become a prominent Rockaway developer in his own right, as a partner in 1876.
# 1907 Knox Old Siwash football team

The 1907 Knox Old Siwash football team represented the Knox College of Illinois during the 1907 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 5 | Carthage | Galesburg, IL | W 10–0 |
| October 12 | Beloit | Galesburg, IL | W 26–10 |
| October 19 | Illinois State | Galesburg, IL | L 0–6 |
| October 26 | Monmouth (IL) | Monmouth, IL | L 0–30 |
| November 2 | Cornell (IA) | Galesburg, IL | L 4–34 |
| November 9 | at Notre Dame | Cartier FieldNotre Dame, IN | L 4–22 |
| November 16 | Lake Forest | Lake Forest, IL | L 0–62 |
| November 23 | Lombard | Galesburg, IL | L 4–18 |
| November 28 | Millikin | Decatur, IL | L 6–10 |
# Robin Roefs

Robin Roefs (born 17 January 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Eredivisie club NEC.

## Career

Roefs started off in the youth squads of VV Heeswijk until he got scouted by NEC in 2014. In the 2021-22 season he was training goalkeepers for VV Heeswijk.
Roefs extended his contract at NEC until 2028 in september 2023. Later that same month Roefs made his professional debut in a 3-0 victory against FC Utrecht in the Eredivisie due to a sustained injury by Jasper Cillessen. The week after his debut he made his starting line-up debut in a 1-3 loss against Vitesse. In May 2024 Roefs hinted at a possible exit as he wanted more playtime.

## Career Statistics
### Club

    As of 6 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| NEC | 2019–20 | Eerste Divisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| NEC | 2020–21 | Eerste Divisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NEC | 2021–22 | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| NEC | 2022–23 | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| NEC | 2023–24 | Eredivisie | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
# Golden Arrow Bus Services

Golden Arrow Bus Services (GABS) is the major public transport bus service operator for Cape Town, South Africa, providing commuter bus services throughout a large part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan area.
Founded in 1861, and owned by South African holding company Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited, the company operates a fleet of over 1000 buses on 1300 routes, with a daily ridership of around 220,000 people.

## History

On 9 July 1861, an Act was passed that allowed for a company to be formed for the purpose of providing horse-drawn tram services between Sea Point and Cape Town. The founding company in the GABS dynasty was the Cape Town & Green Point Tramway Company, which began operating on the 1 April 1863.
Major technological innovations that shaped the fledgling industry subsequent to this were the replacement of horse-drawn trams with electric trams in 1894; the introduction of fuel powered motor buses in 1911 and trackless electric trams in 1934. During this period of innovation, mergers and acquisitions amongst competitors occurred.
In 1957, Golden Arrow Bus Services, which at the time had 85 buses and 400 employees, completed a take-over of the larger, listed Cape Tramways Limited, which had 500 buses and 2000 employees.
In 1982, the company built its Arrowgate depot in the suburb of Montana, in Cape Town. At the time it was the largest and most modern depot in Southern Africa. GABS has also designed and built depot facilities in Woodstock, Philippi, Simon’s Town and Atlantis.
In 2004, South African holding company Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited acquired Golden Arrow Bus Services.
In 2011, Golden Arrow Bus Services took ownership of its 500th bus produced by German commercial vehicle manufacturer MAN Truck & Bus AG. MAN buses account for a large portion of GABS' fleet.
In 2021 Golden Arrow announced that they had tested 3 electric busses and would put them in operation. This made Cape Town and Golden Arrow the first to implement electric busses in Africa.

## Skills development

Golden Arrow Bus Services' Learning and Assessment Centre is accredited with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA) for all its professional driver training, and is also accredited with MerSETA. The Company utilizes a number of accredited service providers for management and leadership programs. Eligible employees are also able to access further study benefits from the company.
GABS facilitates the provision of the following accredited programs:
* Professional Driver Skills Program
* National Certificate in Professional Driving
* Automotive Repair and Retain Commercial Learnership
* Automotive Workshop Assistant
* Automotive Maintenance Assistant
# Galatasaray Athletics

Active departments of Galatasaray S.K. :
| Athletics | Basketball (Men's) | Basketball (Women's) |
| Chess | Bridge | Equestrian |
| e-Sports | Football (Men's) | Football (Women's) |
| Judo | Rowing | Sailing |
| Swimming | Tennis | Volleyball (Men's) |
| Volleyball (Women's) | Water Polo (Men's) | Water Polo (Women's) |
| Wheelchair Basketball | | |
Closed departments of Galatasaray S.K. :
| Handball | Superleague Formula |
Galatasaray Athletics Team is the men's and women's athletics section of Galatasaray S.K., a major sports club in Istanbul, Turkey.

## Some Notable Athletes

* Şehit Celal (First Turkish Athlete)
* Silifkeli Şükrü Halil Dölek
* Fuat Salih
* Rıza Salih
* Vildan Aşil Savaşır
* Ömer Besim Koşalay
* Semih Türkdoğan
* Mehmet Ali Aybar
* Naili Moran
* Cezmi Or
* Eşref Aydın
* Jerfi Fıratlı
* Cahit Öner
* Şükrü Çaprazlı
* Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
* Turhan Kahraman
* Temel Erbek
* Murat Akman
* Teoman Smith
* Ahmet Karadag
* Ahmet Melek
* Murat Ayaydin
* Rauf Hasağası
* İsmail Nezir

### Technical staff

| Name | Job |
| Temel Erbek | Captain general |
| Hasan Özbakır | A team Coach and Youth Team Manager |
| Uğur Özdemir | Trainer |

### Current squad
#### Women's squad
##### Turkey

* Merve Aydın (born 1990), middle-distance
* Nilay Erkal (born 1999), long-distance

## Honors

* Turkish Athletics Championship: Winners (27) (Record)
** 1924, 1927, 1932, 1933, 1951, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989
* Istanbul Championship: Winners (31) (Record)
** 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1933, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1951, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986
* Turkish Athletics League: Winners (1)
** 1988
* European Youth Athletics Championship:
** 1995 Belgium: (4.)
** 1996 Turkey:(2.)
** 1997 Croatia:(4.)
# Jarrahwood, Western Australia

Jarrahwood is a small town located in the South West region of Western Australia, near the Vasse Highway between Busselton and Nannup. At the 2021 census, the area had a population of nine.

## History

The town is named for the Jarrah Wood and Saw Mills Company which operated in the area and operated a private railway from the district to Wonnerup, which was purchased by the Government in 1906. It was gazetted in 1932. The town lost much of its population after the closure of the local mill in 1982. A newspaper report from around this time described the town as containing "two schools, a hospital, a sizeable town hall, a number of diverse shops, a post office and about 50 company cottages".

## Climate

Jarrahwood experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb) with warm-to-hot summers and cool winters. It generally receives more rainfall and cooler minimum temperatures than Busselton.
Climate data for Jarrahwood :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 43.7 (110.7) | 42.5 (108.5) | 41.2 (106.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 25.7 (78.3) | 30.5 (86.9) | 34.3 (93.7) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.5 (104.9) | 43.7 (110.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 27.8 (82.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 17.0 (62.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.1 (75.4) | 27.6 (81.7) | 22.8 (73.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) | 13.6 (56.5) | 11.9 (53.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 6.8 (44.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | 5.0 (41.0) | 5.3 (41.5) | 6.0 (42.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 8.7 (47.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 3.2 (37.8) | 1.0 (33.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | −3.0 (26.6) | −4.4 (24.1) | −3.2 (26.2) | −2.5 (27.5) | −2.7 (27.1) | −2.0 (28.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 1.0 (33.8) | −4.4 (24.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.5 (0.61) | 12.9 (0.51) | 22.1 (0.87) | 48.7 (1.92) | 121.4 (4.78) | 153.7 (6.05) | 178.1 (7.01) | 147.7 (5.81) | 101.2 (3.98) | 55.0 (2.17) | 39.7 (1.56) | 16.4 (0.65) | 908.5 (35.77) |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology ||||||||||||||
# Tsering Landol

Tsering Landol is an Indian gynecologist and one of the pioneers of women's health in the Ladakh Union Territory of India. She served at the Sonam Norboo Memorial Government Hospital, Leh and is also associated with other educational institutions. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2006, and Padma Bhusan in 2020 for her contributions to Indian medicine, making her one of the few woman recipients of the award from Jammu and Kashmir and the first Ladakhi woman doctor to receive the honour. She is also featured on the 'Wall of Fame' which features those who have exhibited excellence throughout their career or existence have exemplified glory and greatness. The Wall recognizes those individuals and teams which have attained high achievement and/or made a significant contribution to society. Landol is featured in The Song Collector, a documentary film on the life of the renowned Ladakhi folk musician, Morup Namgyal. She was awarded Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in India in the year 2020. In 2021, Landol became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.