OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frances Judd

Dame Frances Jean Judd, DBE (born 13 February 1961) is a British High Court judge.

## Early life and education

Judd was educated at The King's School in Canterbury. She studied history at New Hall, Cambridge, completing a BA in 1982.

## Career

Following university, she was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1984, practising family law; she was head of chambers at Harcourt Chambers from 2009 to 2018. She was an associate member of St John's Chambers. Judd served as a recorder from 2002 to 2019, took silk in 2006 and was appointed a deputy High Court judge in 2011. She was chair of the Family Law Bar Association in 2018. In addition to practice, Judd jointly wrote Contact: The New Deal in 2006 and Relocation: a practical guide in 2013.

### High Court appointment

On 3 September 2019, Judd was appointed a judge of the High Court and assigned to the Family Division. She took the customary damehood in the same year.
In 2020, Judd was found to have made derogatory remarks about a mother to a clerk in a care proceedings case after forgetting to mute herself on a Zoom call, suggesting the mother was pretending to have a cough; Judd's refusal to recuse herself following the comments led to her ruling being overturned by the Court of Appeal and the case was remitted to the High Court's Family Division for another judge to hear the case.
# Marcus Stuttard

Marcus Stuttard has been the chief executive of the Alternative Investment Market in London since 2009. He replaced Martin Graham.
# Tomitaro Makino

Tomitaro Makino (牧野 富太郎, Makino Tomitarō, April 24, 1862 – January 18, 1957) was a pioneer Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work. He has been called "Father of Japanese Botany", having been one of the first Japanese botanists to work extensively on classifying Japanese plants using the system developed by Linnaeus. His research resulted in documenting 50,000 specimens, many of which are represented in his Makino's Illustrated Flora of Japan. Despite having dropped out of grammar school, he eventually attained a Doctor of Science degree, and his birthday is remembered as Botany Day in Japan.

## Early life

Tomitaro Makino was born in Sakawa, Kōchi to a prestigious sake brewer. His parents died during his early childhood, and he was raised mainly by his grandmother. Though he dropped out of school after two years, he cultivated a strong interest in English, geography, and especially botany. In 1880, he became a teacher at the primary school in his hometown, where he published his first academic botanical paper.
In 1884, he moved to Tokyo to pursue his botanical interests at the University of Tokyo where he worked with Ryōkichi Yatabe. He married in 1890 and later had 13 children.

## Career

In 1887, Makino started to publish an academic journal of botany.
In 1936, he published Makino Book of Botany, a six volume text on botany, in which he describes 6000 species, 1000 of which he discovered. He is best known for his Makino's Illustrated Flora of Japan, published 1940, which is still used as an encyclopedic text today.
In 1948, he was invited to the Imperial Palace to give a lecture on botany for Emperor Hirohito.

## Legacy

In total, Makino named over 2500 plants, including 1000 new species and 1500 new varieties. In addition, he discovered about 600 new species.
After his death in 1957, his collection of approximately 400,000 specimens was donated to Tokyo Metropolitan University. The Makino Herbarium in Tokyo and the Makino Botanical Garden on Mount Godai in his native Kōchi were named in his honor. He was also named an Honorary Citizen of Tokyo.

## Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Makino, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 270+ works in 430+ publications in 4 languages and 1,060+ library holdings.
* Makino shokubutsugaku zenshū (Makino's Book of Botany) Sōsakuin, 1936
* Makino shin Nihon shokubutsu zukan (Makino's New Illustrated Flora of Japan), Hokuryūkan, 1989, ISBN 4-8326-0010-9
# Vasile Bitlan

Vasile Bîtlan (born 31 January 2004) is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Fratria.

## Career

Bitlan started his professional career at Dacia Buiucani. On 30 November 2023 he scored his first goal in the Moldovan Cup for Dacia. On 30 August 2024 he signed with the Bulgarian Second League team Fratria.

## International career

In 2023 he received his first call up for Moldova U21.
# Bosniaks of Croatia

Bosniaks of Croatia (Bosnian and Croatian: Bošnjaci u Hrvatskoj) are one of the ethnic minorities of the Republic of Croatia. According to the 2021 Croatian census, there were 24,131 Bosniaks, or 0.62% of the total population, making them the third largest ethnic group in the country after Croats and Serbs.
Bosniaks are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities. Most Bosniaks live in the capital Zagreb (8,119), Istria County (6,146) and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (4,877). There is a Bosniak community in Maljevac, hence the mosque in the village.

## Religion

Bosniaks of Croatia are predominantly Muslims, with 21,119 (87.52) subscribing to this confession according to the 2021 Croatian census. They're followed by 1,113 (4.61%) Bosniaks who declared as atheists or non-religious and 367 (1.52%) declared as agnostics. There were 981 (4.07%) Bosniaks of undisclosed or unknown confession, while the rest belonged to various Christian denominations or other religions.

## Politics

Bosniaks are officially recognised as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they have elected, together with Albanians, Montenegrins, Macedonians and Slovenes, one representative to the Croatian Parliament since 2003.
| Election | Representative | Party | Nationality | Term |
| 2003 | Šemso Tanković | SDAH | Bosniak | 2003–2011 |
| 2007 | Šemso Tanković | SDAH | Bosniak | 2003–2011 |
| 2011 | Nedžad Hodžić | BDSH | Bosniak | 2011–2015 |
| 2015 | Ermina Lekaj Prljaskaj | Independent | Albanian | 2015–present |
| 2016 | Ermina Lekaj Prljaskaj | Independent | Albanian | 2015–present |
| 2020 | Ermina Lekaj Prljaskaj | Independent | Albanian | 2015–present |
# Lee Tae-hong

Lee Tae-hong (Korean: 이태홍; born October 1, 1971) is a South Korean former footballer who played as a forward.
He started professional career at Ilhwa Chunma in 1992 and he transferred to Bucheon SK in April 1997. He was captain of Unified Korea national under-17 football team in 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship.
# In the Line of Duty: Street War

In the Line of Duty: Street War is an American action film which was released in 1992. It is about a New York City Housing Authority policeman whose partner is killed and he seeks revenge for the killing.

## Cast

* Peter Boyle as Det. Dan Reilly
* Courtney B. Vance as Justice Butler
* Morris Chestnut as Prince Franklin
* Mario Van Peebles as Raymond Williamson
# Tomaszówka, Chełm County

Tomaszówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sawin, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Sawin, 21 km (13 mi) north of Chełm, and 65 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Jody Lavender

Jody Lavender (born December 29, 1979) is an American stock car racing driver. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Camping World East Series. He was born in Hartsville, South Carolina.

## Racing history

Lavender only competed in one Busch Series race, in a family-owned No. 08 Ford. He started 34th in 2003 at Darlington, and finished 23rd, two laps down.
He made his debut in the Craftsman Truck Series in a one-race deal in 2002, driving for Troxell Racing. Starting last at Richmond, he managed to improve to 33rd in the race after a rear end gear let go.
Lavender was picked up by Green Light Racing, and ran 21 of the 25 races in 2003. However, he never cracked the top-10. He finished all but five of his starts. In those sixteen starts that he was running at the end, he finished in the top-20 eleven times. The highlight of the season was a pair of 13th-place finishes at Dover and Memphis. His worst finish of the year was 27th (out of 36 starters per race). Lavender also led one lap of competition at Kentucky, giving him bonus points toward the 17th-place finish he got in points.
Green Light did not pick him up for 2004, and Lavender was not able to find a ride. Lavender drove the number 88 Chevrolet for JBR in the NASCAR Camping World East Series during the 2009 and 2010 seasons.

## Motorsports career results
### NASCAR

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

#### Busch Series

NASCAR Busch Series results :
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | NBSC | Pts |
| 2002 | Weber Racing | 84 | Chevy | DAY | CAR | LVS | DAR | BRI | TEX | NSH | TAL | CAL | RCH | NHA | NZH | CLT | DOV | NSH | KEN | MLW | DAY | CHI | GTY | PPR | IRP | MCH | BRI | DAR | RCH | DOV | KAN | CLT | MEM DNQ | ATL | | | | NA | - |
| 2002 | Lavender Racing | 08 | Chevy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAR DNQ | PHO | HOM | NA | - |
| 2003 | Lavender Racing | 08 | Ford | DAY | CAR 23 | LVS | DAR | BRI | TEX | TAL | NSH | CAL | RCH | GTY | NZH | CLT | DOV | NSH | KEN | MLW | DAY | CHI | NHA | PPR | IRP | MCH | BRI | DAR | RCH | DOV | KAN | CLT | MEM | ATL | PHO | CAR | HOM | 124th | 94 |

#### Craftsman Truck Series

NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series results :
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | NCTC | Pts | Ref |
| 2002 | Troxell Racing | 93 | Chevy | DAY | DAR | MAR | GTY | PPR | DOV | TEX | MEM | MLW | KAN | KEN | NHA | MCH | IRP | NSH | RCH 33 | TEX | SBO | LVS | CAL | PHO | HOM | | | | 99th | 64 | |
| 2003 | Green Light Racing | 08 | Chevy | DAY | DAR 25 | MMR 27 | MAR 23 | CLT 18 | DOV 13 | TEX 15 | MEM 13 | MLW 24 | KAN 20 | KEN 24 | GTW 16 | MCH 23 | IRP 21 | NSH 18 | BRI 22 | RCH 19 | NHA | CAL | LVS | SBO 19 | TEX 16 | MAR 26 | PHO 22 | HOM 16 | 17th | 2168 | |
# Restoration (EP)

Restoration is an EP by English progressive metal band Haken, that was released on 27 October 2014 through Inside Out Music. It is the first release of the band to feature bassist Conner Green and the second with producer and mixer Jens Bogren, who did his job at his Fascination Street Studios.

## Background and recording

The EP was announced on 8 September 2014 via Haken's Facebook page. The EP's three tracks are reworked songs from their 2008 demo, Enter the 5th Dimension. Commenting on the option of reworking old tracks, guitarist Charlie Griffiths said:
   Merely re-recording the demo songs would have felt musically redundant and dishonest, since three of us [keyboardist Diego Tejeida; Green and Griffiths himself] didn't play on the original recordings. The band's sound has evolved considerably in the last few years so we used the demo tracks as a starting point and gave ourselves free reign [sic] to reimagine them and make them relevant to who we are today. These are now the definitive versions and we couldn't be happier with how they turned out.
The ending song, "Crystallised"—which is based on the track "Snow", -- is 19 minutes long and features guest performances from guitarist Pete Rinaldi (Headspace) and drummer Mike Portnoy (The Winery Dogs, Flying Colors, Dream Theater, ex-Adrenaline Mob). The band initially said Portnoy would not play the drums nor sing.
Commenting on Portnoy's guest performance, drummer Raymond Hearne said:
   Mike Portnoy has been very generous with his support for the band since we released The Mountain last year. As if the man wasn't busy enough, we thought it would be nice to feature a little cameo performance from him (just for a bit of fun really) and it's flattering to now be at the stage where a musician of Mike's calibre is so willing to get involved with six guys who have always been great admirers of his music.
The band later promoted a contest in which people were invited to guess what Portnoy did in the song. They then announced the winner and revealed that Portnoy played the gong a few seconds before the end of the track.
On September 24, the band released a promotional video for "Darkest Light". The song is based on the track "Blind", originally clocking at 11:40. According to Hearne, the band managed to produce a half as long version after cutting away "all the excess fat". Both songs serve as the opening track of their respective releases.
The song "Earthlings" is based on the demo "Black Seed".

## Track listing

All music is composed by Richard Henshall, Ross Jennings, Raymond Hearne, Charlie Griffiths, Diego Tejeida and Conner Green
# Forsvarets musikk

Forsvarets Musikk (FMUS) (English: Defence Music) is the department that oversee all the military bands (musikkorps) of the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvarets). Being the organizational body of military bands, it is based in Oslo, the national capital.
Music Bands in the Norwegian Armed Forces:
* Staff Band of the Norwegian Armed Forces
* Royal Norwegian Navy Band
* Norwegian Air Force Band
* Hans Majestet Kongens Garde Band and Drill Team Company
* Norwegian Army Band, Northern Norway
* Norwegian Army Band, Western Norway (also known as the Norwegian Armed Forces Band)
* Oslo Home Guard Band
1887 marked the first proposals for a military musical department. At that time, the bands were approved by a veto by King Oscar II, following a defense by music inspector Major Ole Olsen. The musical department, on financial grounds, re-organized the bands from the divisional from 1927 to 1933. As of 1954, there were seven military bands authorized by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) with permanently employed musicians. A Norwegian public inquiry from 1978 stated that musikkorps should remain which led to the Defense Music in its current form being established from proposals No. 52 and 19 by the parliament adopted between 1992 and 1993. Two of these were dissolved in the early 21st century after the Eastern Norway Defense District Music Band in Halden and the Sørlandet Defense District Music Band in Kristiansand ceased to exist as of 31 December 2002. Since the 2000s the music division has undergone many organizational changes coinciding with the restructuring of the Norwegian Armed Forces.
Its bands provide honors for the Norwegian members of the House of Glücksburg, the Government of Norway, and the Armed Forces. It also sponsors and organizes events such as the Norwegian Military Tattoo. The department reports directly to the Armed Forces' Department of Culture and Tradition (FAKT), which embraces all the cultural units in the military. The department provides most of the repertoire for Norwegian military bands, all of which are suited for all types of music despite being wind bands.
# Metopaulias

Metopaulias is a monotypic genus of fully terrestrial land crabs which do not need to go back to the sea to spawn. Metopaulias depressus is a reddish-brown crab about 2 centimetres (0.79 in) wide which lives in the pools of water that form in the leaves of bromeliads in Jamaica. The female lays about 90 eggs, then tends to her offspring, removing dead leaves that would deoxygenate the water and adding snail shells to the pool to provide high levels of calcium that they require, catching cockroaches and millipedes to feed them, and killing larvae of the damselfly Diceratobasis macrogaster which would otherwise eat them.
# Republic of Logone

The Republic of Logone (French: République de Logone), also known as Dar El-Kuti (French: Dar el-Kouti), is a partially realized, self-declared autonomous region and proto-state internationally recognised as part of the Central African Republic. It was formed by the Muslim rebel movement Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC) with support of other armed groups on 14 December 2015. the States of Republic of Logone it's Bamingui-Bangoran, Vakaga and Haute-Kotto.

## Background

Islam is a minority religion in the Central African Republic, practiced by approximately 15% of the population in 2012, with 85% of the population practicing Christianity.
In March 2013, during the Central African Republic Civil War which began a year earlier, the Muslim Séléka rebels forced the Christian president of the Central African Republic François Bozizé from his office, resulting in violence from the Christian anti-balaka militias. The UN sent in MINUSCA troops and scheduled a constitutional referendum for 13 December 2015 and national elections on 27 December in order to stabilize the country. However, Noureddine Adam, the leader of the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC), one of the four Muslim Séléka militias, abstained from the scheduled elections. In his view, Muslims and Christians could no longer live together in one country.

## History

On 14 December 2015, Adam's spokesman, Maouloud Moussa, declared the autonomous Republic of Logone in the northeast of the country. He explained that they wanted first to achieve autonomy within the Central African Republic and eventually absolute independence. Later, it was announced that the name of the new republic would be "Dar al-Kuti" after the historic Dar al-Kuti sultanate.
Louisa Lombard, a professor of anthropology at the Yale University, explained that it is possible that declaration of a new republic was a negotiating tactic for upcoming elections or a method for increasing influence, and that the rebels did not really believe that it is feasible to create a new state.
Besides FPRC the independence of Republic of Logone has been supported by MPC, RPRC and MLCJ armed groups.
On 10 April 2021, Kaga-Bandoro was recaptured by government forces.

## Flag

The flag of the Republic of Logone consists of three horizontal stripes of yellow (for the gold of the North), black (that the north was abandoned by the government in Bangui) and green (for the fertility of the land). In the centre of the black strip is a black star that stands for the struggle of the people in the north for their self-determination.
# 1934 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship

The 1934 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1934 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Cork, who defeated Louth by an eight-point margin in the final.

## Structure

After two championships had been run on an open draw basis, provincial championships were introduced in 1934, Cork defeated Limerick, Kerry and Waterford to win the Munster championship, Louth defeated Laois (6–4 to nil), Dublin, Kilkenny and Meath to claim the Leinster title, Galway and Antrim won their first provincial championships.

## Final

Kathleen Hanratty had already acquired the nickname as camogie's Lory Meagher by the time the final was played, "her rising and striking was a treat to witness" The Irish Press reported, commenting she was the most skilled player on the field. Cork had an early goal from a 25 by Kitty McCarthy to take a 1–2 to 0–2 half time lead, Betty Riordan and Kate Dunlea (var. Kathleen Delea) added Cork goals early in the second half.
Máire Ní Cheallaigh wrote in The Irish Press:
   Yesterday at Croke Park 3,000 spectators were treated to a high class game which never lost interest to the end. The teams played with great dash and though Louth were the more spectacular, Cork were better strikers and had a sound forward line.

## Presentation

After the match Agnes O'Farrelly presented the O'Duffy Cup to Cork and William O'Reilly of the New Ireland Assurance Company presented the Leinster Cup to Louth. The 15-year-old Betty Riordan was the youngest player to win an All-Ireland senior medal.

## Aftermath

Cork forward Mary Kenneall was a sister of John Kenneally, who won an All-Ireland senior hurling medal in 1929.

## Championship results
### Final stages

| Cork | Louth |
Cork: :
| GK | 1 | Nora Clarke |
| FB | 2 | Monica Cotter |
| RWB | 3 | Essie Staunton |
| CB | 4 | Lena Delaney |
| LWB | 5 | Kitty McCarthy (1–2) |
| MF | 6 | Monie O'Hea |
| MF | 7 | Lil Kirby |
| MF | 8 | May McCarthy |
| RWF | 9 | Kate (Kathleen) Dunlea (Capt) (2–0) |
| CF | 10 | Mary Kenneall |
| LWF | 11 | Betty Riordan (1–1) |
| FF | 12 | Josie McGrath |
Louth: :
| GK | 1 | Sarah McGuinness Darver |
| FB | 2 | Nan Hanratty Darver |
| RWB | 3 | Mary McArdle Darver |
| CB | 4 | Bridget McKeown https://web.archive.org/web/20140208092728/http://www.joesgfc.com/ Darver] |
| LWB | 5 | Aggie McCluskey Darver |
| MF | 6 | Kathleen Johnson Knockbridge |
| MF | 7 | Mary McKeever https://web.archive.org/web/20140208092728/http://www.joesgfc.com/ Darver] |
| MF | 8 | Rose Quigley Darver (Capt) |
| RWF | 9 | Nellie McDonnell Darver |
| CF | 10 | Kathleen Hanratty Darver (0–3) |
| LWF | 11 | Bridie Donnelly Knockbridge (1–0) |
| FF | 12 | Mary Murtagh Darver (0–1). |

#### Match Rules

* 50 minutes
* Replay if scores level
* Maximum of 3 substitutions
# GPT-4.5

GPT-4.5 (codenamed Orion) is a large language model within OpenAI's GPT series. It was released on February 27, 2025. GPT-4.5 can be accessed by Plus and Pro users through the model picker on web, mobile, and desktop, with plans to expand to other tiers. It can also be accessed via the OpenAI API or the OpenAI Developer Playground.

## Overview

It was primarily trained using unsupervised learning, though combined with supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning from human feedback. It was trained using Microsoft Azure.
Sam Altman described GPT-4.5 as a "giant, expensive model". As of February 2025, through OpenAI's API it costs $75 per million input tokens and $150 per million output tokens, whereas GPT-4o only costs $2.50 per million input tokens and $10 per million output tokens.
The model was tested on the MMLU test set, which tested 15 different languages, namely Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili, and Yoruba, with the model outperforming GPT-4o on all of them.

## Reception

Cade Metz, writing for New York Times, stated that the model "signifies the end of an era" and was "unlikely to generate as much excitement as GPT-4". Many other outlets, such as The Verge and Axios, also covered the model's release.