OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexis-Marie de Rochon

Alexis-Marie de Rochon, known as Abbé Rochon, was born in Brest, France on 21 February 1741, and died in Paris on 5 April 1817. He was a French astronomer, physicist and traveller. He worked on lens design and crystal optics, inventing the Rochon prism polariser.

## Biography

In 1769, Rochon was part of an expedition under Ensign Grenier to find new, quicker maritime routes between Isle de France and India. On 30 May 1769, the expedition departed, with the corvettes Heure du Berger, under Grenier, and Vert-Galant, under Commander La Fontaine. They were bound for Saint-Brandon, where they arrived on 2 June. They then sailed on the 5th Nazareth bank, then on Saya de Malha bank on 5 June, and continued North before sailing West to reach Seychelles, arriving at Mahé on 14 June. they then sailed to Praslin, spending the night of 14 there, and departed on 15. They sailed through the Maldives and arrived at Malabar coast on 29 July, and eventually at Pondichéry on 6 August. From there, Grenier sailed to Sumatra, arriving there on 9 September. He continued to Diego Garcia, where he arrived on 24, and returned to Port Louis on 6 October.
Grenier's new route allowed a one-month journey to India, dramatically cutting on the three-month route then known, which made a large detour South before sailing North-West. Grenier was also the first to survey the Seychelles. Publication of the route yielded a polemic between Grenier and Rochon, but the Académie de Marine ended up backing Grenier.
On 1 May 177, Rochon departed France on the 56-gun Berryer, under Lieutenant Kerguelen, bound for Isle de France. The new expedition made new surveys of Grenier's route, and found in Grenier's favour.

## Notes, citations, and references

Notes
Citations
* ↑ Doneaud Du Plan (1878), p. 123.
* ↑ Le journal des sçavans, pour l'anne ... (in French). chez Jean Cusson. 1771. p. 676. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
* ↑ (Viscount.), Jacques Raimond de GRENIER (1770). Mémoires de la campagne de découvertes dans les mers des Indes, par Mr. ... Grenier, etc. [With map.] (in French). p. 250. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
* ↑ Taillemite (2002), p. 224.
* ↑ Doneaud Du Plan (1878), p. 392.
* ↑ Martin-Allanic (1964), p. 1253.
References
* Doneaud Du Plan, Alfred (1878). Histoire de l'Académie de marine (in French). Paris: Berger-Levrault.
* Martin-Allanic, Jean-Étienne (1964). Bougainville Navigateur et les Découvertes de son Temps (in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 9787240006214. OCLC 729759706.
* Taillemite, Étienne (2002). Dictionnaire des Marins français. Tallandier. p. 224. ISBN 2-84734-008-4. OCLC 606770323.
* This article about a French physicist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pansophic Learning

Pansophic Learning is a for-profit charter management organization with schools in the United States, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Pansophic is based in McLean, Virginia. Its Accel Schools subsidiary is the largest charter school operator in Ohio.

## History

Pansophic was founded in 2014 by Ronald J. Packard, who had founded Stride, Inc. in 1999. A 2015 acquisition made Pansophic the largest charter school operator in Ohio, with twelve schools and 3,286 students. It took over White Hat Management's vendor operated school contracts.$^{:91}$
In 2014, the company bought the International School of Berne (Switzerland).
The company supplies the curricula for six schools operated by the Aurora Academies Trust in the United Kingdom.
# Medical Arts Building (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)

The Medical Arts Building in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a building of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
It is the headquarters of the Association of American Cancer Institutes.
It is an Art Deco-style building built in 1932 and designed by Pittsburgh architect Maximilian Nirdlinger.
# Jacomb

Jacomb and Jacombs are surnames, and may refer to:
* Agnes E. Jacomb (1866–1949), English novelist
* Albert E. Jacomb (c. 1873–1946), British printer and founding member of the Socialist Party of Great Britain
* John Jacomb (1841–1891), Australian cricketer
* Josephine Jacombs, known as Rosa Bird (1866–1927), Australian-English soprano
* Martin Jacomb (1929–2024), British barrister and businessman
* Robert Jacomb (1680–1732), English financier and politician
* Thomas Jacomb (1622–1687), ejected English minister
# Shabbona, Illinois

Shabbona (/ˈʃæˌbʌnə/) is a village in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 863 at the 2020 census, down from 925 at the 2010 census.

## History

The village takes its name from Shabonna, the 19th century Potawatomi chief and peacemaker. Chief Shabbona traveled through the Fox Valley warning the white people about the approaching war Black Hawk was going to wage. He was hailed as the "Whiteman's Friend".

## Geography

Shabbona is located at 41°46′3″N 88°52′29″W﻿ / ﻿41.76750°N 88.87472°W﻿ / 41.76750; -88.87472 (41.767381, -88.874677). Shabbona Lake State Park is located nearby.
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Shabbona has a total area of 1.28 square miles (3.32 km$^2$), of which 1.28 square miles (3.32 km$^2$) (or 99.92%) is land and 0.00 square miles (0.00 km$^2$) (or 0.08%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 863 people, 366 households, and 216 families residing in the village. The population density was 672.12 inhabitants per square mile (259.51/km$^2$). There were 394 housing units at an average density of 306.85 per square mile (118.48/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 93.51% White, 0.46% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.70% from other races, and 4.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.52% of the population.
There were 366 households, out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.17% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.98% were non-families. 35.25% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.95% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 2.35.
The village's age distribution consisted of 15.0% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 17.8% from 25 to 44, 30% from 45 to 64, and 24.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $66,250, and the median income for a family was $86,711. Males had a median income of $46,000 versus $22,167 for females. The per capita income for the village was $30,966. About 0.9% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Aladakatti (K.M.)

Aladakatti (K.M.) is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# Buddy Lively

Everett Adrian Lively (February 14, 1925 – July 12, 2015), nicknamed "Red", was an American professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of three seasons (1947–49) with the Cincinnati Reds. For his career, he compiled an 8–13 record, with a 4.16 earned run average, and 94 strikeouts in 249 innings pitched. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama and is the son of former Major League Baseball player Jack Lively.
Prior to his entry into Major League Baseball, Lively served in the United States Army with the anti-aircraft battalion part of General George S. Patton's Third Army, fighting in France and Belgium in Europe from 1944–46.
He died in Huntsville, Alabama on July 12, 2015.
# João dos Santos (footballer)

Joao Victor Amaral dos Santos Silva (born 8 May 1993) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for U. de G.
# PS-29 Khairpur-IV

PS-29 Khairpur-IV (پی ایس-29، خیرپور-4) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PS-29 Khairpur-IV :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PPP | Shiraz Shaukat Rajper | 69,590 | 58.69 |
| | GDA | Muhammad Rafique Banbhan | 45,734 | 38.57 |
| | Others | Others (eighteen candidates) | 3,255 | 2.74 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 124,166 | 56.72 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 118,579 | 95.50 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 5,587 | 4.50 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 23,856 | 20.12 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 218,894 | |

## General elections 2018

| Contesting Candidates | Party Affiliation | Votes Polled |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |
# Simplício Mendes

Simplício Mendes is a municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil.

## Climate

Climate data for Simplício Mendes (Morro Dos Cavalos) (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.7 (92.7) | 34.8 (94.6) | 36.4 (97.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.1 (93.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.8 (80.2) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.4 (81.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.4 (68.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.6 (70.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 155.6 (6.13) | 133.1 (5.24) | 171.9 (6.77) | 85.2 (3.35) | 35.2 (1.39) | 4.6 (0.18) | 0.4 (0.02) | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.2 (0.13) | 21.9 (0.86) | 71.7 (2.82) | 92.5 (3.64) | 775.3 (30.52) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 63 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71.1 | 78.0 | 80.2 | 76.6 | 69.2 | 57.9 | 51.9 | 45.2 | 42.0 | 44.6 | 53.3 | 64.7 | 61.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 208.0 | 186.9 | 195.0 | 217.1 | 260.0 | 271.5 | 294.3 | 312.9 | 301.1 | 289.2 | 254.1 | 224.1 | 3,014.2 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia ||||||||||||||
# Chandulal Chandrakar Patrakarita Avam Jansanchar Vishwavidyalaya

Kushabhau Thakre University of Journalism and Mass Communication is a journalism and mass communication university located in Raipur in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The university established by Government of Chhattisgarh vide Act no 24 of 2004. The university foundation day is now celebrated on 16 April every year.

## Campus

The university is located at a self-contained campus at Kathadih Raipur. Kathadih village is situated some six kilometres from Bhatagaon, which stands on National Highway 6, near Sunder Nagar, Raipur. It is roughly 16 km away from the railway station. Mana (Raipur) airport is around 15 km. Auto Rickshaw charges Rs. 250 from the railway station. The present campus has office, classrooms, faculty rooms, library, Computer lab, Language lab, Television Studio, Community Radio and other necessary infrastructure with hostel for boys and girls.

## Courses

This university specialise in providing professional graduate programs in the field of Journalism, mass communication and electronic media. The following are the courses provided by the institution:
* Bachelor of Journalism & Mass Communication
* Bachelor of Science in Electronic Media
* Master of Journalism
* Master of Arts in Advertising & Public Relations
* Master of Science (Electronic Media)
* Master of Arts in Mass Communication
* Master of Social Work
* Master in Business Administration (Media Management)
* Master in Business Administration (Hospital Administration)
* Master in Business Administration (Human Resource Development)
* Doctor of Philosophy (Journalism, Communication, Electronic Media, Advertising, Public Relations)
* Master of Philosophy (Media Studies)
* Master of Philosophy (Mass Communication)
* Post Graduate Diploma in Digital Video Production
* Post Graduate Diploma in Graphics and Animation
* Post Graduate Diploma in Event Management
* Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism
* Post Graduate Diploma in Corporate Communication
* India portal
* Education portal
# Ján Levoslav Bella

Ján Levoslav Bella (German Johann Leopold Bella; 4 September 1843 – 25 May 1936) was a Slovak composer, conductor and music teacher, who wrote in the spirit of the Nationalist Romantic movement of the 19th century.

## Life

Bella was born in Liptovský Mikuláš (Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus), Austrian Empire (now Slovakia), and raised in a Roman Catholic family. He studied at the college in Levoča and a seminary in Banská Bystrica before taking a degree at Vienna University.
Bella was ordained a priest in 1866. From 1869 to 1881 he was town director of music at Kremnica. He left the priesthood in 1881 and converted to Protestantism, becoming director of music in Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben, now Sibiu in modern Romania, (at that time Kingdom of Hungary) where he remained until 1921. From 1921 to 1928 he lived in retirement in Vienna, moving to Bratislava in 1928, where he died in 1936.

## Music

Bella began to compose whilst studying in Levoča. At this time his output was largely small-scale, such as church music, folk-song arrangements and some chamber music. In 1873 however, visiting Vienna and Prague, he heard for the first time the music of, amongst others, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner and Bedřich Smetana. This encounter with romantic music had a profound effect, of which the first result was Bella's 1874 symphonic poem Osud a ideál (Fate and the Ideal), which premiered in Prague in 1876.
In his day Bella was respected both as a composer and conductor by such important musical figures as Antonín Dvořák, Johannes Brahms, Hans von Bülow, Joseph Joachim and Ernst von Dohnányi.
Bella wrote in many different forms, including songs, church music, organ music, chamber music and orchestral music. His operas include Wieland der Schmied (Wieland the Blacksmith), to a libretto originally written by Richard Wagner and based on German legend. This was written in the period 1880–1890 and first performed in 1926 in Bratislava, where it was performed in a Slovak version as Kováč Wieland.
In recent times, Bella's music and reputation have been revived by, amongst others, the Slovak composer and scholar Vladimír Godár. Recordings of his complete chamber and organ works have been issued by Hudobné Centrum in Bratislava.
Banská Bystrica's Ján Levoslav Bella Conservatory, founded in 1992, is named after him.
# Percnon

Percnon is a genus of crabs in the family Percnidae. It has also been included in the family Plagusiidae as subfamily Percninae.

## Species

Seven extant species are recognised:
* Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851)
* Percnon affine (Milne-Edwards, 1853)
* Percnon gibbesi (Milne-Edwards, 1853)
* Percnon guinotae Crosnier, 1965
* Percnon pascuensis Retamal, 2002
* Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804)
* Percnon sinense Chen, 1977
There are two species only known from fossils:
* †Percnon paleogenicus De Angeli, 2023
* †Percnon santurbanensis Ceccon & De Angeli, 2019
# Fred Mouawad

Fred Mouawad (Arabic: فريد معوض; born 16 February 1969) is a Lebanese businessman from Zgharta, Lebanon and based in Bangkok, Thailand. He has founded and is the CEO of seven companies. In 2013, Wealth-X named Mouawad the eighth richest diamond owner in the world, with a net worth of $1.1 billion.

## Biography

Born in Lebanon, Fred Mouawad is a member of the fourth generation of the Mouawad family, which owns and runs the Mouawad company. He graduated from Harvard Business School with an MBA in 1994. In college, Mouawad was planning to take over his father's company, but upon his graduation, he found that his father was not interested in retiring, so he changed direction and started his own businesses.
Among the enterprises Mouawad founded and runs are:
* Synergia One Group, founded in 1994. The group operates in 18 countries across several industries.
* Global Franchise Architects, established in 1996, a builder, operator, and franchisor of specialty retail brands, including Coffee World, Pizza Corner, New York Deli and The Cream & Fudge Factory In 2014, Fred Mouawad partnered with Atulya Mittal (son of Lakshmi Mittal) to turn Pizza Corner stores in India into Papa John's.
Fred Mouawad also developed Taskworld, a cloud-based management tool, which led him to study at the Stanford Graduate School of Business to work on the project. He has been a member of the Young Presidents' Organization (YPO) since 2010.
Fred Mouawad has been co-guardian and head of the diamond division of the 120-year-old Mouawad family business, along with his younger brothers Alain and Pascal, since his father's retirement in 2010. The company designs, manufactures and sells jewelry and watches. He established Mouawad shops in Rolls-Royce dealerships in Abu Dhabi and Jeddah.
# Hannover Indians

The Hannover Indians are a professional German ice hockey team and public limited company from Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. The current club was founded in 1998 after the bankruptcy of a previous one, and has been named Hannover Indians since then. The club itself was called Kleefelder Eissportverein (KEV) until 2006 when it was renamed to the EC Hannover Indians. Since 2002 the team had played in the Oberliga and was promoted to the 2nd Division in 2008.
In 2013 they had to declare bankruptcy and automatically dropped down to the third-tier Oberliga. Due to the massive financial support of fans and sponsors the club was able to furthermore participate in the competition. They ended the 2013–2014 season in third place.

## Season records

| Season | Games | Won | OTW | SOW | OTL | SOL | Lost | Points | Goals for | Goals against | Rank | Playoffs |
| Oberliga Nord 2007-08 | 52 | 28 | 6 | — | 6 | — | 12 | 102 | 219 | 160 | 3 | Lost in quarterfinals |
| Oberliga Nord 2008-09 | 54 | 34 | 7 | — | 4 | — | 9 | 120 | 251 | 149 | 1 | Promoted |
| 2nd Bundesliga 2009-10 | 52 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 49 | 134 | 199 | 13 | No playoffs/ Relegation |
| Abstiegsrunde 2009–10 Relegation Round | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Defeated EHC Freiburg 4 games to 1 | Saved |
| 2nd Bundesliga 2010–11 | 48 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 61 | 133 | 148 | 9 | Lost in Pre-Playoffs |
| 2nd Bundesliga 2011–12 | 48 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 19 | 70 | 134 | 147 | 8 | Lost in quarterfinals |
| 2nd Bundesliga 2012–13 | | | | | | | | | | | | 11th place |
| Oberliga North 2013–14 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3rd place |

## Tournament results

| Year | 1st round | 2nd round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Finals |
| Eishockeypokal 2006–07 | L, 3–5, Fischtown Pinguins | — | — | — | — |
| DEB-Pokal 2009–10 | — | L, 1–6, Fischtown Pinguins | — | — | — |
| DEB-Pokal 2010–11 | W, 3–0, Saale Bulls Halle | W, 4–3, SC Bietigheim-Bissingen | L, 3–4, Starbulls Rosenheim | — | — |
| DEB-Pokal 2011–12 | W, 4–1, Deggendorf Fire | W, 2–0, Heilbronner Falken | W, 3–2, Frankfurt Lions | L, 0–3, SC Bietigheim-Bissingen | — |
# Todd Goldman

Todd Harris Goldman is an American entrepreneur and the founder of David and Goliath, a company that produces merchandise based on older designs and the work of other artists. Goldman came under fire in 2004 for controversial slogans, and in 2007 for plagiarism.

## David and Goliath

In 2000, Goldman launched David and Goliath in Clearwater, Florida.
In 2004, Goldman's work became the target of criticism after Los Angeles based radio host and men's rights activist Glenn Sacks initiated a campaign against the "Boys are Stupid..." T-shirts saying that they were part of a general societal mood that stigmatized and victimized boys. The campaign led to the line of shirts being pulled from several thousand retailers across the United States in 2005, including K-Mart, Disney Store, and Nordstrom. Masculist groups said that the shirts support anti-male sentiments. Others wrote that they encourage children to become participants in the battle of the sexes.
In April 2007, Goldman was accused of plagiarism by webcartoonist Dave "Shmorky" Kelly, in a post on the Something Awful forums, saying that Goldman's piece "Dear God Make Everyone Die" was traced directly from a 2001 Purple Pussy comic by Kelly. In May 2007, Goldman and Kelly had reached a settlement in which Goldman paid Kelly the money he earned from the paintings. Several art galleries stopped showing Goldman's work, and the wholesalers who bought Goldman's posters canceled orders and sought refunds for unsold stock. Goldman later reported that the poster distributors came back.
# Urine deflector

A urine deflector is a device for deflecting the stream of urine during urination. These may be part of a chamber pot, latrine or toilet intended for the purpose, or they may be deterrents, installed in the sides or corners of buildings to discourage their casual use as urinals by passers-by. They may be constructed in various ways from a variety of materials but are typically designed to have an angled surface which catches and redirects the stream.

## Intentional design

Equipment used for toilet training such as a potty chair will typically include a urine deflector to ensure that the urine does not splash forward and outside the receptacle.
Latrines constructed by the US Marines would contain urine deflectors made from sheet metal or tar paper. These would catch and direct the urine into a trough which would carry it to a separate drainage pit. This would minimise the unpleasant smell which typically results from decomposition and production of ammonia. Other designs of latrine typically include similar urine deflectors to prevent degradation of the wooden components and the walls of the pit.

## Deterrent

Urine deflectors are thought to be the earliest example of hostile architecture. Such devices were common in the streets of London in the 19th century. A correspondent to The Farmer's Magazine wrote in 1809,
   ... in London a man may sometimes walk a mile before he can meet with a suitable corner; for so unaccommodating are the owners of door-ways; passages and angles, that they seem to have exhausted invention in the ridiculous barricadoes and shelves, grooved, and one fixed above another, to conduct the stream into the shoes of the luckless wight who shall dare to profane the intrenchments.
Some may still be found in places such as the Bank of England, Fleet Street and the Savoy. Other cities where antique examples may still be seen include Lviv, Norwich and Venice. In other cities such as Vienna, barriers such as iron railings and spikes have been used to keep people away from attractive corners and crannies.
German cities such as Hamburg and Cologne have pioneered the use of hydrophobic paint on walls to deter Wildpinklers. This water-repellent coating causes the stream to rebound at a similar angle and so wet the offender. Other places such as Hackney, Manchester and San Francisco have since evaluated the method for particular trouble spots. London's Soho district was painted in this way in 2022 and Westminster council's full programme of deterrence also included posters, punishment and provision of more public toilets.

## Gallery

* Bank of England in Lothbury
* Longshot of the Bank showing security camera directly above
* Chester Crown Court
* Clifford's Inn Passage
* in the Coach and Horses Passage in Newark-on-Trent
* St Gregory's Church, Norwich