OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William J. Sparks

William Joseph Sparks (February 26, 1905 – October 23, 1976) was a chemist at Exxon. As an inventor, his most important contribution was the development of butyl rubber.
Sparks served as president of the American Chemical Society in 1966 and chairman of the National Research Council's Division of Chemistry and Technology from July 1953 to June 1955. Sparks was the holder of 145 patents. Sparks was posthumously inducted to the American Inventor Hall of Fame in the Spring of 2016.
Sparks was a firm believer in the benefits that innovation could provide to society. However, he was concerned that the education of the upcoming scientific generation did not include the awakening of the social consciousness. He stated that "the scientific profession has become much larger than medicine, law or the clergy. Yet, many young scientists are not taught by their professors to feel an obligation to society in their work." Sparks believed that good science should benefit the world in which we live, contending that "Science without purpose is an art without responsibility."

## Honors and awards

* 1954 Awarded American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal
* 1963 Awarded Charles Goodyear Medal for the functionality of elastomers.
* 1964 Awarded the Perkin Medal
* 1965 Awarded the Priestley Medal
* 1965 Awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
* 1967 Elected to National Academy of Engineering
* 1970 Awarded Chemical Pioneer Award
* The ACS Rubber Division's Sparks-Thomas award is named after Sparks and Butyl rubber co-inventor Robert M. Thomas.
* 2016 National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductee
# Charumathi Raghuraman

Charumathi Raghuraman is an Indian carnatic music violinist.

## Early life and tutelage

Charumathi Raghuraman was born to Rama (a Carnatic vocalist) and V. Raghuraman. Born into a family of musicians, she started to learn the violin from her mother. She then received formal training from T. R. Balamani in Mumbai. In 1995, upon T. N. Krishnan's advice, Charumathi became his disciple when she was just 7 years old. She studied Carnatic vocal music from P. S. Narayanaswamy. She holds a master's degree in Business Administration from Xavier Institute.
Her husband Anantha Krishnan, a grandson of late Palghat Raghu, is a mridangam player.

## Performance career

Her first concert was with T. N. Krishnan in 1998 and since she has performed as soloist and accompanist. She has performed in many music festivals and institutions, across India and abroad. Charumathi participated in The Woodford Folk Festival, Australia, in 2011 and in Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra, USA.

## Style

Her musicianship includes the rare combination of a pure sound and erudite content. She not only excels in the instrumental technique of the violin but also is equally adept in reproducing vocal nuances mellifluously. Charumathi is also a violin and vocal teacher.

## Awards

* 'Outstanding Young Violinist' Award and 'Best Sub Senior Violinist' Award in 2007 & 2009 ‘Best Violinist’ awards for the years 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2006 from Madras Music Academy
* The Kalki Krishnamurthy Memorial Award in 2016
* ’Ramabhadran Centenary Award’ for the Most Promising Young Musician of the Year 2013 from Tag Corporation, India
* ’Young Achiever award’ from Rotary Club, Madras
* CCR&T, Govt. of India scholarship from the age of ten
# Albert Rosenthal

Albert Rosenthal (January 30, 1863 – December 20, 1939) was an American portrait artist, printmaker, writer, and collector from Philadelphia.

## Early life

Albert Rosenthal was born in Philadelphia on January 30, 1863, to Max Rosenthal. He studied at Central High School for three years. His father was an engraver and lithographer and he studied under him at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He studied at the Académie Julian in Paris in 1880. He also studied at École des Beaux-Arts under Jean-Léon Gérôme.
His first job was as an errand boy in the drug store owned by Charles Elmer Hires.

## Career

Rosenthal was known for his portraits of Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and U.S. Supreme Court justices (including Melville Fuller and Edward Douglass White), Attorneys General of the United States and his collection of American drawings. He painted the members of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He also copied original portraits of Americans and French in the American Revolution and the Colonial Governors of Philadelphia.
He did lithographs and etchings of Jefferson Fulton, Gilbert Stuart, Joseph Priestley, Louis Pasteur, John Paul Jones, Abraham Lincoln and Alexander Hamilton.
Rosenthal exhibited at the Society of Independent Artists in 1917 and the Salons of America. He donated his drawings to the Free Library of Philadelphia in 1927. He also donated some of his and his father's portraits to the British Museum in 1936. He moved to Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 1928.
In 1927, he was called as an art expert about the authenticity of a portrait of George Washington by John Smibert. In 1930, he was again called as an art expert about the authenticity of a portrait of Washington by Gilbert Stuart.

## Personal life

Rosenthal married Henryetta Douglass Nuneville in 1901. They divorced in 1930.
Rosenthal purchased the Hufnagel Mansion in 1927 near New Hope, Pennsylvania. He sold it in 1938.

## Death

Rosenthal died on December 20, 1939, at the home of his sister in New York City.

## Awards

Rosenthal received a bronze medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 and a bronze medal at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in 1915.
# Glen Helen Gorge

Glen Helen Gorge is a natural gorge along the Finke River, located 132 kilometres (82 mi) west of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. It lies within the West MacDonnell National Park.
# Saturn Returns (play)

Saturn Returns is a 2008 dramatic play by Noah Haidle. It tells the story of one man, Gustin Novak, aged 28, 58 and 88, and his relationship with the central women in his life. It is based on the astrological concept of the Saturn return. Gustin is played by three different men, whilst the same woman plays his wife when he is 28, his daughter when he is 58, and his carer when he is 88.
The play premiered in New York in 2008, and had its European premiere in November 2010 at London's Finborough Theatre.

## Production history

Saturn Returns played at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City from 16 October 2008 - 4 January 2009, under the direction of Nicholas Martin.
The opening cast featured:
* Rosie Benton as Suzanne/Zephyr/Loretta
* Robert Eli as Gustin at 28
* John McMartin as Gustin at 88
* James Rebhorn as Gustin at 58
The play ran at the Finborough Theatre in London from 2–27 November 2010, directed by Adam Lenson and with Noah Haidle's creative involvement in revising the script.
The London cast featured:
* Lisa Caruccio Came as Suzanne/Zephyr/Loretta
* Richard Evans as Gustin at 88
* Nicholas Gecks as Gustin at 58
* Christopher Harper as Gustin at 28
The play ran with Theatre Exile in Philadelphia playing at the Christ Street Neighborhood House from April 28 - May 22, 2011, directed by Brenna Geffers.
The Philadelphia cast featured:
* Amanda Schoonover as Suzanne/Zephyr/Loretta
* Harry Philibosian as Gustin at 88
* Joe Canuso as Gustin at 58
* David Raphaely as Gustin at 28
# Szélatya

Szélatya or Szélkirály (Old Turkic: Çel Ede or Çel Ata, "Wind Father") is the Turkic god or deity of wind.
His female counterpart is Szélanya.

## Names in various languages

* Azerbaijani: Yel ata / Yel baba
* Uzbek: Yel Ota
* Tatar: Җил Әти or Җил Ата or Cil Ana
* Kazakh: Жел Ата
* Chuvash: Ҫил Атте or Ҫил Ашшӗ
* Bashkort: Εл Атай
* Sakha: Тыал Аҕа
* Turkmen: Ýel Ata
* Kyrgyz: Жел Ата
* Khakas: Чил Аба or Чил Ада
* Altay: Салкын Ада
* Tuvan: Салгын Ата
* Balkar: Джел Ата
* Mongolian: Салхи Эцэг
* Buryat: Һалхин Эсэгэ
* Oirat: Салькн эцк
All of them mean "wind father".
The Onoghurs also worshipped him.

## Description

Szelatya has long hair, silver weapons, and thunder horses. He is said to appear as a youthful and handsome man in Hungarian mythology, but as an elderly man in Turkic mythology. He has a jungle or sylvan named Silver Forest.

## Family

His father is Arany Atyacska (Golden Father) and his mother's name is Hajnal Anyacska (Dawn Mother). However, some accounts mention that he is the son of Kayra, the primordial god.
# Mary Wellstead

Mary Ann Isabella Wellstead (10 February 1850 – 13 December 1894) was an Australian telegraphist who was the first stationmaster and telegraph operator of the Bremer Bay Telegraph Station, and likely the first female telegraphist in Australia. She worked at the telegraph station from 1876 to 1881.

## Early life

Wellstead was born on 10 February 1850 in Albany, Western Australia to pioneer settler John Wellstead and Ann Amy Wellstead (née Crawford), and was the couple's first child. Wellstead grew up in Albany and worked on the family's property gardening, milking cows and making butter.
Wellstead's father assisted in developing the section of the Perth to Adelaide, East-West Telegraph Line between Albany and Bremer Bay, where a repeater station was eventually erected in 1875 overlooking the estuary.

## Bremer Bay Stationmaster

In 1876, at the age of 26 years, Wellstead was trained in Morse code by superintendent James Coates Fleming. Fleming then appointed her as the temporary Stationmaster at Bremer Bay, as no suitable stationmasters were available at the time of commissioning, due to the remoteness of the station. She served as Stationmaster until the arrival of three permanent staff, J Lloyd (Assistant), M Ring (Linesman), and GP Stevens (Stationmaster), in late 1877.
Wellstead continued working at the repeater station as a telegraph clerk and assistant until 1881, when she married shepherd and shearer John 'Jack' James Harris at St John's Church in Albany. Harris was also employed on the construction of the Overland Telegraph Line. The track for the road for telegraphs is named 'Wellstead road'.

## Later life

Wellstead and Harris moved to the outstation at Quaalup Valley shortly after marriage. Two years later their first child, John Wellstead Kent Harris, was born, and grew up to become the Harbour Master at Fremantle. In all, they had four children over the course of their thirteen years of marriage.
Wellstead died on the 13 December 1894 in her hometown of Albany. Both she and Jack Harris are buried in the Memorial Park Cemetery, Albany.
# Ellaville, Georgia

Ellaville is a city in Schley County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,812 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Schley County.
Ellaville is part of the Americus micropolitan statistical area.

## History

A town named Pond Town was established in 1812 along the stage coach in the area that is now the location of the Ellaville City Cemetery. The area was then part of the lands belonging to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. In 1821, after the Treaty of Indian Springs the area became part of the state of Georgia. In 1826, it served as temporary county seat for Lee County upon the creation of the then vast county. Pond Town soon became a lively town noted for horse racing and whiskey. In 1831, the area became part of Sumter County.
Ellaville was founded in 1857 as county seat of the newly formed Schley County. It was incorporated as a town in 1859. The community was named after the daughter of a first settler.

### Lynchings

* The hanging of Charles Blackman occurred in Ellaville, Georgia, on January 25, 1889
* In January 1911 a white man died in a Black owned store. He was taken for his own safety to Columbus for three months but when he returned three months later a mob 200 strong lynched Dawson Jordan, Charles Pickett, and Murray Burton as well as burning down three black lodges, a church and a school.
* October 1912, a prisoner seized from the Sumter County sheriff near Oglethorpe was hung from a bridge and shot dead
* June 1913, twenty-four-year-old Will Redding was dragged from the Ellaville's city jail strung up on a street corner and riddled with bullets.
* Will Jones was lynched in Ellaville, Georgia by a white mob on February 13, 1922.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

Ellaville racial composition as of 2020 :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 951 | 59.62% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 507 | 31.79% |
| Native American | 1 | 0.06% |
| Asian | 7 | 0.44% |
| Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.13% |
| Other/Mixed | 51 | 3.2% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 76 | 4.76% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,595 people, 610 households, and 438 families residing in the city.

## Education
### Schley County School District

The Schley County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of one elementary school and one middle-high school. The district has 66 full-time teachers and over 1,126 students.
* Schley County Elementary School
* Schley Middle High School

## Infrastructure

Ellaville is served by U.S. Route 19, Georgia State Route 26 and Georgia State Route 153.

## Notable people

* Charles Frederick Crisp, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
* William J. Sears, Congressman from Florida
* Brent Cobb, singer
* Quentin Fulks, campaign manager
* Caylee Hammack, singer
* Blaire Erskine, comedian
* Rosa Lee Ingram, subject of 1940's Civil Rights struggle against unfair trials and sentencing in the Jim Crow Era.
# Nassim Mendil

Nassim Mendil (born 27 March 1979) is a French Algerian former professional footballer who played striker.

## Club career

Born in Rognac, France, Mendil began his career in the SC Bastia academy, which he joined at the age of 15. On 22 February 1999, he made his first team debut for Bastia, coming as a second-half substitute against Toulouse FC in the 25th week of Ligue 1 action. It would be his only first team appearance after a contract dispute with the club. He spent one more season with the club's reserve team, scoring 24 goals, before leaving to Italy to join US Avellino in Serie C1. After just half a season with the club, he was signed by another Serie C1 team Lecco.
In his second season in Italy, Mendil joined Serie B side Cosenza, playing alongside former A.C. Milan striker Gianluigi Lentini and scoring 10 goals. His performances that season did not go unnoticed and he was linked with moves to a number of clubs including English clubs Fulham and West Ham United, and Italian clubs Atalanta and Reggina both playing in Serie A at the time. In the summer of 2002, he signed a 5-year contract with Reggina.
After signing with Reggina, Mendil was loaned out a number of times, spending time with Catania, Ascoli, Spezia Calcio 1906 and Salernitana. Since then, he has also played for AC Ancona and A.C. Pro Sesto. Mendil scored six goals for Pro Sesto in Serie C1 during the 2007–08 season.
In the summer of 2008, he signed with Serie C1 team Paganese Calcio 1926. but in January 2009 he joined Belgian Second Division team Eupen.
In the summer of 2010 he signed with Serie D team Bacoli.

## International career

Mendil was contacted several times by then Algerian head coach Rabah Madjer to play in the Algerian National Team in a friendly against Belgium. Mendil asked Madjer for some time to consider the call-up and eventually declined to allow him to deal with his transfer situation. He was called up a second time for a friendly, but his club never received the invitation. He has not been called up again since.
# Itabaiana

Itabaiana (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 96,142 (2020) and its area is 336.685 km².
The municipality contains part of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park.
The city of Itabaiana has a museum of local history and art named the Museu Artístico E Histórico De Itabaiana, Antônio Nogueira.
# Susan Sherouse

Susan Sherouse is an American violinist from Lakeland, Florida. She attended the Lois Cowles Harrison Center for the Visual and Performing Arts, from which she graduated in 2001. She continued her education at Palm Beach Atlantic University. She most commonly tours and records with John Ralston and Dashboard Confessional, and has accompanied the latter in performances on The Tonight Show and Late Show with David Letterman.
She is also a member of the Lake Worth collective group called Invisible Music.

## Personal life

Susan has worked with the Jupiter-based non-profit organization Hope From Harrison to raise awareness for sick children and their parents.

## Discography

* Needle Bed – John Ralston (June 6, 2006)
* Dusk and Summer – Dashboard Confessional (June 27, 2006)
# Monsieur Hector

Monsieur Hector is a 1940 French musical comedy film based upon the play by Pierre de Marivaux, directed by Maurice Cammage and starring Fernandel,Denise Grey and Georges Grey. It was shot at the Neuilly Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Marcel Magniez.

## Synopsis

An aristocrat and his valet, after disappointments in life, decide to switch clothes and positions during the Nice Carnival.

## Cast

* Fernandel as Hector
* Denise Grey as Maroussia de Dragomir
* Georges Grey as Vicomte de Saint-Amand
* Gaby Wagner as Jacqueline Monturot
* Raymond Rognoni as Monturot
* Madeleine Suffel as Suzanne
* Marthe Mussine as Chamber maid
* Alice Deneige as Singer
* Rivers Cadet as Maître d'hôtel
* Marfa d'Hervilly as Old client
* Pierre Ferval
* Suzanne Fleurant as Client
* Édouard Francomme
* Jacques Henley as Client
* Philippe Richard as Manager
* Jean-Jacques Steen
* Jean Témerson as Baron Grondin
* Eugène Yvernès
* Georges Guétary as Tyrolien damner

## Production

The film was shot during the last moments of the Phoney War. It is one of many films Fernandel has played in in 1940. The film's working title was Le Nègre du Negresco.

## Reception

Fulvio Fulvi, in his books about Fernandel, judged it was "an unpretentious film suited to the times".
# Greater Manila Area

The Greater Manila Area (Filipino: Malawakang Maynila) is the contiguous urbanization region surrounding the Metropolitan Manila area. This built-up zone includes Metro Manila and the neighboring provinces of Bulacan to the north, Cavite and Laguna to the south, and Rizal to the east. Though sprawl continues to absorb new zones, some urban zones are independent clusters of settlements surrounded by non-urban areas.
In early 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the area was also referred to as the "NCR Plus" or "NCR+" (National Capital Region Plus) by authorities, with regard to the designation of community quarantines.

## Statistics

| Province or region | Population (2015) | Population (2020) | Area | Density (2020) | Region | Mun | Cities | Brgy |
| Metro Manila | 12,877,253 | 13,484,462 | 619.57 km$^2$ (239.22 sq mi) | 21,764/km$^2$ (56,369/sq mi) | NCR | 1 | 16 | 1,706 |
| Bulacan | 3,292,071 | 3,708,890 | 2,796.10 km$^2$ (1,079.58 sq mi) | 1,326/km$^2$ (3,435/sq mi) | III | 20 | 4 | 572 |
| Cavite | 3,678,301 | 4,344,829 | 1,574.17 km$^2$ (607.79 sq mi) | 2,760/km$^2$ (7,149/sq mi) | IV-A | 16 | 7 | 829 |
| Laguna | 3,035,081 | 3,382,193 | 1,917.85 km$^2$ (740.49 sq mi) | 1,764/km$^2$ (4,568/sq mi) | IV-A | 24 | 6 | 681 |
| Rizal | 2,884,227 | 3,330,143 | 1,191.94 km$^2$ (460.21 sq mi) | 2,794/km$^2$ (7,236/sq mi) | IV-A | 13 | 1 | 188 |
| Total | 25,766,933 | 28,250,517 | 8,099.63 km$^2$ (3,127.28 sq mi) | 3,488/km$^2$ (9,034/sq mi) | GMA | 74 | 34 | 3,973 |
The Greater Manila Area is composed with 34 cities (16 highly urbanized cities, and 18 component cities) and 74 municipalities.
# Bruno Bruins

Bruno Johannes Bruins (born 10 July 1963) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who served as Minister for Medical Care in the Third Rutte cabinet from 26 October 2017 to 19 March 2020, when he resigned. He previously served as State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science from 29 June 2006 until 22 February 2007 in the Second and Third Balkenende cabinets.
Bruins also served as Acting Mayor of Leidschendam-Voorburg from 22 February 2007 until 1 November 2007. He worked as a Corporate director for the public transport company Connexxion from 1 September 2008 until 1 August 2011 and was Chairman of the Employee Insurance association from 1 January 2012 until 26 October 2017.
After the general election of 2017 Bruins was appointed as Minister for Medical Care in the Third Rutte cabinet. During his time in office, he led the initial phase of the Dutch government's fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. He resigned in March 2020 after collapsing from exhaustion during a parliamentary debate on the pandemic.
In 2020, Bruins was appointed acting managing director of HTM Personenvervoer.

## Decorations

Honours :
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date |
| | Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 11 April 2007 |
# Chukva

Chukva (Ukrainian: Чуква, Polish: Czukiew) is a village in Sambir Raion (district), Lviv Oblast (province), Ukraine. It belongs to Ralivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
The village is home to the Parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary [pl], where the parish priests included Franciszek Salezy Matwijkiewicz [pl] (1881–1894) and Maurycy Turkowski [pl] (1899).
In the Second Polish Republic, the village was part of the Sambir County in the Lwów Voivodeship.
Between 1943 and 1944, Ukrainian nationalists from the OUN-UPA brutally murdered 17 Poles here as a part of Volhynia genocide.
Notable individuals born in Czukwa include Stefan Balicki [pl] and Jan Serafin [pl].