OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Consortium imperii

Consortium imperii is a Latin term dating from the Roman Dominate, denoting the sharing of imperial authority between two or more emperors, each hence designated as consors imperii, i.e., "partner in (exercising) imperium", either as formal equals or in subordination, in which case the junior was often the senior's designated heir—not necessarily the natural one—and successor. In theory, this arrangement served to share the burden of government and ensure smooth succession, as rivalry at these moments was a major threat to the stability of the Empire; however, in practice the net result was often more civil war.
Although in political reality adoption was an alternative technique to aim for the same result in terms of succession (and which succeeded in producing one genealogically "false" but politically satisfactory dynasty of so-called "Adoptive Emperors"), constitutionally, this was a horror as the Republic had never been abandoned in law. Thus, monarchical succession in the Principate, however realistic, was officially out of the question, and this stigma persisted in the Dominate, despite the obviously monarchical trappings adopted by the emperors in this era. 'Designation', rather than simple adoption, could at least be justified by qualitative criteria.

## Roman consortia imperii

* An early case of one emperor, remaining "sole sovereign" in charge but designating one junior and successor, was Marcus Aurelius (reigned 161–180 AD), who designated Lucius Verus.
* Emperor Diocletian attempted an elaborate system with four emperors (two seniors styled Augustus, each with a junior styled Caesar), called later the Tetrarchy. Revolutionary was the notion that each was to be simultaneously in permanent charge of one quarter of the empire, not just sharing in central government. The experiment did not live up to its promise, as succession was not smoothened but contention multiplied, so the quadruple emperorship was abandoned—not the quarters, which remained as administrative and military divisions called praetorian prefecture, as did the lower level, called diocese, and the smaller size (and larger number) of Roman provinces.
* In 395, the Roman Empire was split for good, but in two halves: Western and Eastern, each under a sovereign emperor, in charge of two praetorian prefectures, each with or without a partner in government.
* Both the notion of "partnership" in the form of a senior emperor and several junior co-emperors (usually, but not necessarily, his sons), and Diocletian's titulature, but mainly versed in Greek (e.g. Sebastos for Augustus, a literal translation), became quite common in the Eastern Roman Empire, i.e. Byzantium, which lasted a further millennium after the fall of the Western Empire.
# Pachycondyla eocenica

Pachycondyla eocenica is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described from fossils found in Europe. P. eocenica is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

## History and classification

When described, Pachycondyla eocenica was known from two fossil insects which are compression-impression fossils preserved in layers of soft sedimentary rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the P. eocenica specimens were collected from layers of the Lutetian Messel pit World Heritage Site. The formation is composed of brown coals, oil shales, and bituminous shale, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds, reptiles, and terrestrial mammals as a notable lagerstätten. The area is a preserved maar lake which initially formed approximately 47 million years ago as the result of volcanic explosions.
At the time of description, the holotype specimen, number SMF MeI 10999, was preserved in the Senckenberg Research Station Messel fossil collections. The fossils were described by Gennady Dlussky and Sonja Wedmann in a 2012 paper on the poneromorph ants of Messel. The specific epithet "eocenica" is derived from the Eocene age of the fossil.
The species is one of six Pachycondyla species which have been described from Messel Formation fossils. All six of the species were described by Dlussky and Wedmann in the same 2012 paper, the other five being P. lutzi, P.? messeliana, P. parvula, P. petiolosa, and P. petrosa. Another eight fossil species have been described from fossils in North America, Europe, and Asia.

## Description

The Pachycondyla eocenica holotype specimen is a partially preserved adult queen, which was fossilized as a lateral impression, missing portions of the legs and wings. The paratype is a very partial dorsal impression, preserving only the head, either of a gyne or a worker. The overall length of the queen is approximately 8.8 mm (0.35 in) and the head has an estimated length of 1.5 mm (0.059 in). The antennae are slender in appearance, composed of a scape which extends nearly to the edge of the rear margin of the head. The eyes are rounded in outline and placed to the front of the midpoint on the head. The shape of the petiole scale is rounded on the top edge, as is that of both P. messeliana and P. succinea, but it is larger than P. succinea and smaller than P. messeliana.
# Europium(III) bromide

Europium(III) bromide (or europium tribromide) is a crystalline compound, a salt, made of one europium and three bromine atoms. Europium tribromide is a grey powder at room temperature. It is odorless. Europium tribromide is hygroscopic.

## Reactions

When vaporized, europium(III) bromide reacts by the equation:
* 2 EuBr$_3$ → 2 Eu + 3 Br$_2$
Europium(III) bromide is also created through the equations:
* 4 EuBr$_2$ + 4 HBr → 4 EuBr$_3$ + 2 H$_2$
# Marcos Túlio

Marcos Túlio Valério (born 30 April 1992), or simply Marcos Túlio, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Aparecidense.
# Bill Rutherford

Alfred William Rutherford FRS is Professor and Chair in Biochemistry of Solar energy in the Department of Life sciences at Imperial College London.

## Education

Rutherford was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School for Boys, Morpeth and the University of Liverpool where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry in 1976. He moved to University College London (UCL) where he was awarded a PhD in 1979 for electron paramagnetic resonance studies of photosynthetic electron transport in purple bacteria supervised by Michael C.W. Evans.

## Research

Rutherford's research investigates:
   the water oxidising enzyme Photosystem II in terms of its mechanism, its assembly and its evolutionary relationships with other photosynthetic reaction centres. This enzyme has become the focus of attention because cheap water splitting catalysts are urgently needed in the energy sector for solar fuel production, electrolysis of water and the reverse reaction in fuel cells. My research has made major contributions to understanding this enzyme before it was either popular or profitable. Now that it is finally becoming both of those, I hope to continue to do more of the same. Not just because it might contribute to solving aspects of the energy crisis but also because understanding the enzyme, which put the energy into the biosphere, the oxygen into the atmosphere and thence changed the planet, is one of the greatest challenges in biology and chemistry. It is also a fun enzyme to work on.
Rutherford's research has been funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society.

## Awards and honours

Rutherford was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:
   Bill Rutherford has made seminal contributions that provided deep insights into the structure and function of photosynthetic reaction centres, in particular Photosystem II (PSII). He was the first to propose that PSII had the same basic structure as the simpler, non-oxygenic purple bacterial reaction centre. This key conceptual change became accepted thanks to his important experimental contributions. He went on to discover key features of PSII that differentiate it from other reaction centres. The current understanding of PSII owes a great deal to his incisive experiments and thinking.
Rutherford has also been awarded the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, the Médaille d'argent of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in 2001 and was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2001. On 25 January 2013 Rutherford received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Science and Technology at Uppsala University, Sweden.

## Personal life

Rutherford is a musician and has been a member of The Baskervilles Blues Band and Baskerville Willy.
# Phyllobates samperi

Phyllobates samperi, formerly known as sp. aff. aurotaenia is a new species of hypertoxic poison dart frog, once cited as the "red" form of Phyllobates aurotaenia. It resembles in size and to some extent in colouration to P. aurotaenia, but genetically it is the sister species of the "terrible" frog P. terribilis. It can be distinguished from P. aurotaenia by the absence of abundant blue or silver specks or marbling in the venter and limbs, its uniform black or bluish-black body, and its orange or red, rather than green or yellow, stripes.
The species was named to honour Colombian biologist Cristian Samper, for his lasting impact on the world of conservation, overseeing initiatives that span across 65 countries. He is considered a respected figure in the intersection of science, governance, and activism.

## Distribution

The species is known to occur in the wet forests along the lower San Juan and Dagua river basins in the vicinities of Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, extending eastwards to the foothills of the Cordillera Occiental, but not surpassing elevations above 200 m (660 ft) above sea level. The northern limit of its distribution range remains unclear, since the medium and lower San Juan basin remain are poorly explored regarding dendrobatid frogs.
The known distribution range of this species includes seven localities enclosed within a ~1,000 km$^2$ (400 sq mi) polygon, where deforestation due to agriculture, the expansion of urban Buenaventura, and gold mining operations will certainly reduce the amount and quality of habitat. The species has been thus considered to be Vulnerable but a formal assessment is still missing.

## Toxicity

All Phyllobates species are considered highly toxic, or hypertoxic, and this species is no exception. Its skin contains batrachotoxins, extremely potent neurotoxic alkaloids. Indeed, some species of Phyllobates remain the only known to be formerly used by Chocó indigenous people in western Colombia to poison blowgun darts. When in contact with the skin, batrachotoxins seep through open wounds and, in some cases, skin pores, and prevent nerves from transmitting impulses, leaving the muscles in an inactive state of contraction. This can lead to heart failure or fibrillation. Some native people use this poison to hunt by coating darts with the frogs' poison. Alkaloid batrachotoxins can be stored by frogs for years after the frog is deprived of the food-based source, and such toxins do not readily deteriorate, even when transferred to another surface. Chickens and dogs have died from contact with a paper towel on which the more toxic P. terribilis had walked.
# Paulo Emilio (footballer, born 1936)

Paulo Emilio Frossard Jorge (3 January 1936 – 17 May 2016) was a Brazilian football manager. He died aged 80 of a brain lymphoma in May 2016.

## Managerial statistics

Source:
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Cerezo Osaka | 1 January 1994 | 31 December 1995 | 67 | 30 | 0 | 37 | 044.78 |
| Total | Total | Total | 67 | 30 | 0 | 37 | 044.78 |

## Honours
### Manager

Desportiva
* Campeonato Capixaba: 1967
* Torneio Início do Espírito Santo: 1967
* Taça Cidade de Vitória: 1968
Nacional-AM
* Campeonato Amazonense: 1972
Santa Cruz
* Campeonato Pernambucano: 1973
Bahia
* Campeonato Baiano: 1974
Fluminense
* Campeonato Carioca: 1975
* Taça Guanabara: 1975
* Taça Rio: 1990
Vasco da Gama
* Taça Guanabara: 1976
Sporting
* Taça de Portugal: 1977-78
Goiás
* Campeonato Goiano: 1981
Fortaleza
* Campeonato Cearense: 1983
Cerezo Osaka
* Japan Football League: 1994
# General Hardy

General Hardy may refer to:
* Campbell Hardy (1906–1984), Royal Marines general
* Hugh W. Hardy (1924–2003), U.S. Marine Corps Reserves major general
* Jean Hardy (1762–1802), French Royal Army brigadier general
* John Spencer Hardy (1913–2012), U.S. Army lieutenant general
# Hard Cold Fire

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Kerrang! | 3/5 |
| Louder Than War | 4/5 |
Hard Cold Fire is the sixteenth studio album by Northern Irish rock band Therapy?, released on 5 May 2023 through Marshall Records. This is the band's first record since 2018's CLEAVE. The album was originally recorded in 2021, but was postponed to 2023 because of the long overdue "Love Your Early Stuff" tour in 2022. Only ten cuts were kept for the record despite there being somewhere around 20 tracks recorded/for demos. Through interviews, vocalist/guitarist Andy Cairns stated that the band wanted to come back from the COVID-19 lock-down with force and catharsis, and the outtakes were deemed too "depressing" to be a worthy comeback.

## Background

Produced by Chris Sheldon, who produced the band's previous studio album Cleave, Hard Cold Fire was released on 5 May 2023. The album was recorded in November 2021 at Marshall Studios in London.
Pre-orders of the album became available on 10 March 2023 and included six different coloured LPs, a white label test pressing LP (limited to 16), a CD and a cassette. A promo video for "Joy" was also released digitally the same day.

## Personnel

Therapy?
* Andy Cairns – vocals, guitar
* Neil Cooper – drums
* Michael McKeegan – bass
Technical
* Chris Sheldon – producer, engineer, mixer
* Nigel Rolfe – artwork concept/photography

## Charts

Chart performance for Hard Cold Fire :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 14 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 198 |
| Irish Albums (OCC) | 48 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 4 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 29 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 3 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 1 |
# Marilyn Fox

Marilyn Fox is a British television producer, director and writer, who was strongly associated with BBC children's programmes from the 1960s to the 1990s, working on many drama series and enjoying a long association with Jackanory.
Her credits include:
* Jackanory (119 episodes, 1967–1991)
* The Island of the Great Yellow Ox (1971, as adapter)
* Treasure Over the Water (1972)
* Carrie's War (1974, as adapter)
* King Thrushbeard and the Proud Princess (1974)
* The Day I Shot My Dad (1976)
* Graham's Gang (1977)
* Spine Chillers (1980)
* Our John Willie (1980)
* The Bells of Astercote (1980)
* Codename Icarus (1981)
* The Toy Princess (1981)
* With My Little Eye (1982)
* The Baker Street Boys (1983)
* Seaview (1983)
* Running Scared (1986)
* The Cuckoo Sister (1986)
* The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988)
* Not the End of the World (1989)
* Five Children and It (1991: aka The Sand Fairy on its American video release)
* Archer's Goon (1992)
* The Return of the Psammead (1993: aka The Return of It on its American DVD release, and The Return of the Sand Fairy on its American video release)
* Earthfasts (1994)
* Agent Z and the Penguin from Mars (1996)
# Amelie Bea Smith

Amelie Bea Smith (born 1 January 2011) is an English child actress. She is known for her roles in the Netflix series The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020), the ITV drama Hollington Drive (2021), and as the voice of the titular Peppa Pig (2020–) on Channel 5.

## Early life

Smith has two sisters. She took classes at the Mark Jermin Stage School.

## Career

Smith began appearing in commercials and short films. She made her television debut in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders as Daisy, a role she would play from 2018 to 2019. In 2020, Smith began voicing the titular Peppa Pig on Channel 5, taking over the role from Harley Bird for the animated show's sixth series. Smith is the fourth actress to voice Peppa Pig. Later that year, she starred as Flora Wingrave in The Haunting of Bly Manor, the second instalment of the Netflix anthology The Haunting.
Smith had supporting roles as Eva in the 2021 ITV drama Hollington Drive, for which she was nominated for a National Film Award, and Emily Whitehouse in the 2022 Netflix thriller Anatomy of a Scandal. She shared the role of Charlotte McLean with her younger sister Darcie Smith the Sky Max science fiction series The Midwich Cuckoos and also appeared alongside Darcie in an episode of After Life.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018–2019 | EastEnders | Daisy | 7 episodes |
| 2020–2025 | Peppa Pig | Peppa Pig | Lead voice role |
| 2020 | The Haunting of Bly Manor | Flora Wingrave | Main role |
| 2021 | Hollington Drive | Eva | Miniseries |
| 2022 | After Life | Lisa | 1 episode |
| 2022 | Call the Midwife | Deborah Packer | 1 episode |
| 2022 | Anatomy of a Scandal | Emily Whitehouse | Recurring role; 6 episodes |
| 2022 | The Midwich Cuckoos | Charlotte McLean | Episode: "The Hive" |
| 2024 | Sweetpea | Young Rhiannon | 2 episodes |
| TBA | Perfidious | Alba | |
# Robert Molyns

Robert Molyns (c. 1515 – 1574), of Bridgwater, Somerset, was an English politician.

## Family

He was the son of William Molyns of Sandall or Sandhills, Hants by his wife Evelyn, daughter of William Walrond of Bovey House, near Seaton, Devon. He married Ellen Halworthie, daughter of Thomas Halworthie. He was the half-brother of Michael Molyns.

## Career

He was the Bailiff for Bridgewater from 1544 to 1945 and from 1550 to 1551. He was mayor of Bridgewater from 1555 to 1557. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Bridgwater in 1554, 1558 and 1559. He received wages for 64 days during the 1559 Parliament and for expenses incured passing an act regarding Bridgewater cloth.
His will was proved Oct 8 1574. He left £60 to the poor, made bequests to his servants and bequeathed the residue to his wife, the sole executrix.
# Strawberries & Cigarettes

"Strawberries & Cigarettes" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Troye Sivan, released on 16 March 2018 as the third and final single from the Love, Simon soundtrack. The song was originally written for Sivan's debut album, Blue Neighbourhood.
At the 23rd Satellite Awards, the song was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Original Song.

## Critical reception

Fuse called the song "an immediate standout from the soundtrack that will remind you of the first time you ever fell in love" adding "From the romantic lyricism to the lush production, 'Strawberries & Cigarettes' is a beautifully heartbreaking tale of a fairytale-like love that is no longer." Sam Samshenas from Gay Times called it a "nostalgic pop number" and "one of Troye's best songs to date". All Things Go said "This is one of those perfect pop songs that go out to that special someone we love. Though heavily layered with studio magic, Troye's vocals stand out the most, serenading with the warmth of true love."

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Strawberries & Cigarettes" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Indonesia (Billboard) | 24 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | 2× Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Tony van Diepen

Tony van Diepen (Dutch:; born 17 April 1996) is a Dutch track and field athlete competing in the 400 and 800 metres. He won the bronze medal in the 400 m at the 2019 European Indoor Championships and silver at the 2021 European Indoor Championships. Van Diepen earned five medals with Dutch 4 × 400 m relays, either men's or mixed, at major championships, including silver for the men's relay at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
He took four national titles.

## Achievements
### International competitions

Representing the  Netherlands :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Time |
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 24th (h) | 800 m | 1:53.44 |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, OR, United States | 16th (sf) | 800 m | 1:50.86 |
| 2015 | European Junior Championships | Eskilstuna, Sweden | 19th (sf) | 800 m | 1:53.60 |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 22nd (h) | 400 m | 48.57 |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 16th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.38 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 9th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.93 |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 3rd | 400 m | 46.13 NR |
| 2019 | World Relays | Yokohama, Japan | 5th (B) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:05.15 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 2nd | 400 m | 46.25 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.06 |
| 2021 | World Relays | Chorzów, Poland | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03.45 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 23rd (h) | 800 m | 1:46.03 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 2:57.18 |
| 2022 | World Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 19th (h) | 800 m | 1:49.80 |
| 2022 | World Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.90 |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, OR, United States | 18th (sf) | 800 m | 1:46.70 |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, OR, United States | 2nd | 4 × 400 m mixed | 3:09.90 NR |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 6th (sf) | 800 m | 1:47.64 |
| 2023 | European Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 14th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.50 |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.25 |
| 2025 | European Indoor Championships | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.95 |

### Personal bests

* 400 metres – 45.83 (La Chaux-de-Fonds 2019)
** 400 metres indoor – 46.06 (Toruń 2021)
* 600 metres – 1:16.08 (Pliezhausen 2018)
** 600 metres indoor – 1:17.73 (Ulsteinvik 2020)
* 800 metres – 1:44.14 (Paris 2022)
** 800 metres indoor – 1:46.36 (Liévin 2023)
* 1500 metres – 3:53.58 (Tilburg 2020)

### National titles

* Dutch Athletics Championships
** 400 metres: 2018
* Dutch Indoor Athletics Championships
** 400 metres: 2018, 2019, 2020