# Lenawee County, Michigan

Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.
Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens and Huron tribes.

## History

The county owes its formation to the 1807 Treaty of Detroit, by which the Ottawa, Ojibwe (called Chippewa by the Americans); Wyandot and Potawatomi nations ceded their claims to the United States of their traditional territories in today's southeast Michigan. However, many leaders of these tribes believed that the treaty was coercive and opposed it. They began to collaborate and organize a confederacy of resistance, led by Chief Tecumseh (Shawnee). They wanted through warfare and alliance with Great Britain to force the US from their territory. This was the period of the US War of 1812 with Great Britain. During this time, the US fought the Battle of Tippecanoe, the Battle of Lake Erie, and the Battle of Thames in this area, against both British and indigenous forces.
The United States won the Battle of the Thames in 1813, defeating the British and their allies. Tecumseh died in the battle and his confederacy dissolved. (He became the namesake for the city of the same name in Lenawee County.) As a result of this defeat, the confederacy leaders agreed to a peace treaty, the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war with the indigenous peoples. It affirmed US control of the land demarcated in the Treaty of Detroit, comprising much of the future state of Michigan, including what became organized as Lenawee County in the United States.
The US continued efforts to force the tribes from these western territories. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act to authorize the government to relocate Indigenous peoples from territories east of the Mississippi River and move them west, to what became known as Indian Territory (and later Oklahoma). While Indian Removal was directed specifically at Southeast Indian tribes, it was also applied to those further north in the Midwest.
Lenawee County was organized in 1826, after being authorized and described by the Michigan legislature in 1822. It was taken from Monroe County, Michigan.

## Etymology

The county's name was a neologism created by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, a US Indian agent in the region who later became a prominent ethnologist. Married to Jane Johnston, a mixed-race woman of high-rank Ojibwe and Scots ancestry, Schoolcraft gained entry to Ojibwe language and culture through her. He later became a proponent of forced Indigenous assimilation. While working in Michigan, he named several of the newly organized counties in the area, all neologisms. 'Lenawee' is thought to be derived from a misappropriation of an Indigenous word. Scholars debate whether its origins lie in the Lenape language leno or lenno, meaning "male," or the Shawnee lenawai.

## Geography

According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 761 square miles (1,970 km$^2$), of which 750 square miles (1,900 km$^2$) is land and 12 square miles (31 km$^2$) (1.6%) is water. Lenawee County is considered to be part of Southeastern Michigan.

### Adjacent counties

* Jackson County, northwest
* Washtenaw County, northeast
* Monroe County, east
* Lucas County, Ohio, southeast
* Fulton County, Ohio, southwest
* Hillsdale County, west

### Major highways

* US 12
* US 127
* US 223
* M-34
* M-50
* M-52
* M-124
* M-156
Within Lenawee County's townships, north–south roads are referred to as "highways", while east–west roads are referred to as "roads".

## Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 98,890 people, 35,930 households, and 26,049 families in the county. The population density was 132 people per square mile (51 people/km$^2$). There were 39,769 housing units at an average density of 53 per square mile (20/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 92.51% White, 2.12% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 3.01% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. 6.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Residents identified as being 30.4% of German, 11.6% English, 10.2% American and 9.9% Irish ancestry. Some 94.7% spoke English and 4.2% Spanish as their first language.
There were 35,930 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.70% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were non-families. 22.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.
The county population contained 25.90% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,739, and the median income for a family was $53,661. Males had a median income of $38,458 versus $25,510 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,186. About 4.40% of families and 6.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.10% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and politics

Lenawee County has been reliably Republican in national elections. Since 1884, its voters have selected the Republican Party nominee in 31 of 36 presidential elections.
United States presidential election results for Lenawee County, Michigan :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 33,463 | 60.74% | 20,787 | 37.73% | 843 | 1.53% |
| 2020 | 31,541 | 59.01% | 20,918 | 39.13% | 993 | 1.86% |
| 2016 | 26,430 | 57.09% | 16,750 | 36.18% | 3,118 | 6.73% |
| 2012 | 22,351 | 49.75% | 21,776 | 48.47% | 801 | 1.78% |
| 2008 | 22,225 | 46.43% | 24,640 | 51.48% | 1,000 | 2.09% |
| 2004 | 25,675 | 54.61% | 20,787 | 44.22% | 550 | 1.17% |
| 2000 | 20,681 | 51.58% | 18,365 | 45.81% | 1,047 | 2.61% |
| 1996 | 14,168 | 39.78% | 16,924 | 47.51% | 4,527 | 12.71% |
| 1992 | 14,297 | 36.32% | 15,399 | 39.12% | 9,669 | 24.56% |
| 1988 | 19,115 | 57.84% | 13,690 | 41.42% | 243 | 0.74% |
| 1984 | 22,409 | 66.70% | 11,012 | 32.78% | 176 | 0.52% |
| 1980 | 20,366 | 56.44% | 12,935 | 35.85% | 2,784 | 7.72% |
| 1976 | 18,397 | 55.02% | 14,610 | 43.70% | 428 | 1.28% |
| 1972 | 19,125 | 62.39% | 11,018 | 35.94% | 511 | 1.67% |
| 1968 | 16,280 | 55.85% | 10,552 | 36.20% | 2,315 | 7.94% |
| 1964 | 11,385 | 40.29% | 16,815 | 59.50% | 60 | 0.21% |
| 1960 | 19,859 | 64.65% | 10,785 | 35.11% | 75 | 0.24% |
| 1956 | 21,100 | 72.68% | 7,857 | 27.06% | 74 | 0.25% |
| 1952 | 20,035 | 72.72% | 7,397 | 26.85% | 117 | 0.42% |
| 1948 | 14,369 | 67.49% | 6,529 | 30.67% | 393 | 1.85% |
| 1944 | 16,382 | 70.48% | 6,750 | 29.04% | 111 | 0.48% |
| 1940 | 16,963 | 70.19% | 7,132 | 29.51% | 71 | 0.29% |
| 1936 | 12,154 | 56.70% | 8,299 | 38.72% | 982 | 4.58% |
| 1932 | 10,912 | 50.50% | 10,420 | 48.23% | 275 | 1.27% |
| 1928 | 14,794 | 76.94% | 4,321 | 22.47% | 112 | 0.58% |
| 1924 | 13,358 | 72.65% | 3,950 | 21.48% | 1,080 | 5.87% |
| 1920 | 11,973 | 68.89% | 5,095 | 29.32% | 311 | 1.79% |
| 1916 | 6,247 | 52.01% | 5,519 | 45.95% | 246 | 2.05% |
| 1912 | 2,996 | 27.02% | 4,239 | 38.23% | 3,854 | 34.76% |
| 1908 | 6,607 | 56.22% | 4,704 | 40.03% | 441 | 3.75% |
| 1904 | 7,891 | 67.40% | 3,334 | 28.48% | 482 | 4.12% |
| 1900 | 6,847 | 51.75% | 5,966 | 45.09% | 419 | 3.17% |
| 1896 | 6,863 | 50.89% | 6,300 | 46.72% | 323 | 2.40% |
| 1892 | 5,833 | 46.86% | 5,592 | 44.92% | 1,024 | 8.23% |
| 1888 | 6,475 | 49.49% | 5,671 | 43.35% | 937 | 7.16% |
| 1884 | 5,827 | 46.63% | 5,572 | 44.59% | 1,098 | 8.79% |
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.
Adrian College and Siena Heights University are located within the county.
Voters in Lenawee County have supported candidates from both political parties in statewide elections, making it a swing county. Tecumseh and Adrian have tended to lean Democrat, while Dover, Madison, and Riga townships have tended to lean Republican.
Lenawee County is located in Michigan's 5th congressional district, which is represented by Tim Walberg, a resident of the county. Walberg previously served as Lenawee's state representative. The district includes all of Lenawee, Jackson, Hillsdale, Branch, and Eaton counties, as well as parts of Calhoun and Washtenaw counties. He defeated incumbent Democrat Mark Schauer. Schauer had defeated Walberg in the 2008 congressional election, after Walberg's first stint in Congress.
Most of Lenawee County is represented in the Michigan House of Representatives by Republican Nancy Jenkins-Arno who represents the 34th District, she also served as the representative of the 57th District. In between her leaving office in 2016 and returning in 2024 Lenawee was represented by Bronna Kahle and Dale Zorn who are also both Republicans and prior to her first term the district was successively represented by brothers Doug and Dudley Spade, both Democrats.
Lenawee is also part of the 30th, 31st, and 35th districts of the Michigan House of Representatives and is represented by William Bruck, Reggie Miller, and Jennifer Wortz respectively. Most of Lenawee is part of the 16th Senate District, represented by Joe Bellino of Monroe, Michigan. It is also part of the 15th Senate district, represented by Jeff Irwin.
Until the 2014 state senate election, Lenawee County was part of the 16th State Senate District, represented by Republican Bruce Caswell. The district contained all of Lenawee, Hillsdale, and Branch counties.

### Elected county officials

* Prosecuting Attorney: Jacqueline V. Wyse (R)
* Sheriff: Troy Bevier (R)
* County Clerk: Roxann Holloway (R)
* County Treasurer: Erin Van Dyke (R)
* Register of Deeds: Carolyn S. Bater (R)
* Drain Commissioner: Edwin Scheffler (R)
* County Surveyor: Kevin Pickford (R)
Current as of September 21, 2023

#### County Commission

* District 1: David Stimpson (R)
* District 2: Dustin Krasny (R), commission vice-chair
* District 3: David Aungst (R)
* District 4: Beth Blanco (R)
* District 5: James Daly (D)
* District 6: Terry Collins (R)
* District 7: Kevon Martis (R)
* District 8: Ralph Tillotson (R)
* District 9: Jim Van Doren (R), commission chair
Current as of January 7, 2023

### Law enforcement agencies
#### County

* Lenawee County Sheriff's Office

#### City/Village

* Adrian City Police
* Blissfield Police
* Clinton Police
* Hudson Police
* Morenci Police
* Tecumseh Police

#### Township

* Adrian Township Police
* Cambridge Township Police
* Columbia Township Police
* Madison Township Police
* Raisin Township Police

#### Special

* Adrian & Blissfield Railroad Police

## Communities
### Cities

* Adrian (county seat)
* Hudson
* Morenci
* Tecumseh

### Villages

* Addison
* Blissfield
* Britton
* Cement City (partial)
* Clayton
* Clinton
* Deerfield
* Onsted

### Charter townships

* Adrian Charter Township
* Madison Charter Township
* Raisin Charter Township

### Civil townships

* Blissfield Township
* Cambridge Township
* Clinton Township
* Deerfield Township
* Dover Township
* Fairfield Township
* Franklin Township
* Hudson Township
* Macon Township
* Medina Township
* Ogden Township
* Palmyra Township
* Ridgeway Township
* Riga Township
* Rollin Township
* Rome Township
* Seneca Township
* Tecumseh Township
* Woodstock Township

### Census-designated places

* Jasper (called Fairfield before 1874)
* Manitou Beach–Devils Lake

### Other unincorporated communities

* Birdsall
* Cadmus
* Canandaigua
* Dover
* East Ogden
* East Raisin
* Evans Lake
* Fairfield
* Geneva
* Gorman
* Ridgeville
* Ridgeway
* Riga
* Springville
* Tipton
* Weston
* Sand Creek