# Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)

The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Portuguese: Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima, abbreviated MMA) is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil. The ministry emerged from the Special Secretariat for the Environment within the now-extinct Ministry of the Interior from 1974 to 1985. It has gone through several name changes since its inception.

## Responsibilities

* National Environmental Policy
* Environmental policies and programs for the Amazon and other Brazilian biomes
* Water resources policy
* National water security policy
* Policies for the preservation, conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems, biodiversity and forests
* Policies for integrating environmental protection with economic production
* Regulatory and economic strategies, mechanisms and instruments for improving environmental quality and the sustainable use of natural resources
* National policy on climate change
* Ecological-economic zoning and other territorial planning instruments, including marine spatial planning, in articulation with other competent Ministries
* Management of public forests for sustainable production
* Management of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) at the federal level
* Policies for the integration between environmental policy and energy policy
* Policies for the protection and recovery of native vegetation
* Environmental quality of human settlements, in conjunction with the Ministry of Cities
* National environmental education policy, in conjunction with the Ministry of Education
* Shared management of fisheries resources, in conjunction with the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture

## Structure
### Councils

* National Council for the Environment (CONAMA);
* National Water Resources Council (CNRH);
* Genetic Heritage Management Council (CGen);
* National Council for the Legal Amazon (CONAMAZ);
* National Rubber Council (CNB);
* National Commission to Combat Desertification (CNCD);
* Steering Committee of the National Fund on Climate Change;
* Deliberative Council of the National Environment Fund
* National Council of Traditional Peoples and Communities (CNPCT)

### Secretariats

* Executive Secretary
* National Secretariat for Biodiversity, Forests and Animal Rights
* National Secretariat for Urban Environment and Environmental Quality
* National Secretariat for Climate Change
* National Bioeconomy Secretariat
* National Secretariat of Traditional Peoples and Communities and Sustainable Rural Development
* Extraordinary Secretariat for Deforestation Control and Territorial Environmental Planning
* National Secretariat for Biodiversity, Forests and Animal Rights
* Brazilian Forest Service

### Linked Entities

* Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)
* Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio)
* Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden
* National Water Agency

## List of Environmental Ministers

| No. | Minister | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | President |
| 1 | Paulo Nogueira Neto (1922–2019) | 14 January 1974 (1974-01-14) | 15 March 1985 (1985-03-15) | 11 years, 60 days | Independent | Emílio Garrastazu Médici (ARENA) Ernesto Geisel (ARENA) João Figueiredo (ARENA) |
| 2 | Flávio Rios Peixoto da Silveira (born 1945) | 15 March 1985 (1985-03-15) | 14 February 1986 (1986-02-14) | 336 days | Independent | José Sarney (MDB) |
| – | Deni Liney Schwartz (born 1938) Acting | 14 February 1986 (1986-02-14) | 23 October 1987 (1987-10-23) | 1 year, 251 days | Independent | José Sarney (MDB) |
| 3 | Prisco Viana (1932–2015) | 23 October 1987 (1987-10-23) | 15 February 1989 (1989-02-15) | 1 year, 115 days | MDB | José Sarney (MDB) |
| 4 | Ben-hur Luttembarck Batalha (1943–2000) | 15 February 1989 (1989-02-15) | 15 March 1990 (1990-03-15) | 1 year, 28 days | Independent | José Sarney (MDB) |
| 5 | José Lutzenberger (1926–2002) | 15 March 1990 (1990-03-15) | 23 March 1992 (1992-03-23) | 2 years, 8 days | Independent | Fernando Collor (PRN) |
| – | José Goldemberg (born 1928) Acting | 23 March 1992 (1992-03-23) | 14 July 1992 (1992-07-14) | 113 days | Independent | Fernando Collor (PRN) |
| 6 | Flávio Miragaia Perri (born 1940) | 14 July 1992 (1992-07-14) | 2 October 1992 (1992-10-02) | 80 days | Independent | Fernando Collor (PRN) |
| 7 | Fernando Coutinho Jorge (1939–2019) | 19 October 1992 (1992-10-19) | 16 September 1993 (1993-09-16) | 332 days | PSDB | Itamar Franco (MDB) |
| 8 | Rubens Ricupero (born 1937) | 14 September 1993 (1993-09-14) | 5 April 1994 (1994-04-05) | 203 days | Independent | Itamar Franco (MDB) |
| – | Henrique Brandão Cavalcanti (1929–2020) Acting | 5 April 1994 (1994-04-05) | 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01) | 271 days | Independent | Itamar Franco (MDB) |
| 9 | Gustavo Krause (born 1946) | 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01) | 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01) | 4 years, 0 days | PFL | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) |
| 10 | Sarney Filho (born 1957) | 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01) | 5 March 2002 (2002-03-05) | 3 years, 63 days | PFL | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) |
| 11 | José Carlos Carvalho (born 1952) | 5 March 2002 (2002-03-05) | 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01) | 302 days | Independent | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) |
| 12 | Marina Silva (born 1958) | 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01) | 13 May 2008 (2008-05-13) | 5 years, 133 days | PT | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) |
| 13 | Carlos Minc (born 1951) | 13 May 2008 (2008-05-13) | 31 March 2010 (2010-03-31) | 1 year, 322 days | PT | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) |
| 14 | Izabella Teixeira (born 1961) | 31 March 2010 (2010-03-31) | 12 May 2016 (2016-05-12) | 6 years, 42 days | Independent | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Dilma Rousseff |
| 15 | Sarney Filho (born 1957) | 12 May 2016 (2016-05-12) | 6 April 2018 (2018-04-06) | 1 year, 329 days | PV | Michel Temer (MDB) |
| 16 | Edson Duarte (born 1965) | 6 April 2018 (2018-04-06) | 1 January 2019 (2019-01-01) | 270 days | PV | Michel Temer (MDB) |
| 17 | Ricardo Salles (born 1975) | 1 January 2019 (2019-01-01) | 23 June 2021 (2021-06-23) | 2 years, 173 days | NOVO Independent | Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) |
| 18 | Joaquim Leite (born 1967) | 23 June 2021 (2021-06-23) | 1 January 2023 (2023-01-01) | 1 year, 192 days | Independent | Jair Bolsonaro (PL) |
| 19 | Marina Silva (born 1958) | 1 January 2023 (2023-01-01) | Incumbent | 2 years, 70 days | REDE | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) |