OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ume Tange

Ume (Umeko) Tange (丹下 梅子; 1873–1955) was one of the first three women admitted to a Japanese university in 1913. She previously studied at a women's college. After graduating from university, she traveled to the US to study, gaining a PhD in chemistry from Johns Hopkins University in 1927, one of the first Japanese women awarded a doctorate in science. Tange returned to Japan to teach and do further research at RIKEN, studying vitamins, especially vitamin B2. She gained a second doctorate, in agricultural science, in 1940, from Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo).

## Early life and education

Ume Tange was the sixth child of seven siblings in a prosperous family in Kagoshima, southern Japan. She was born on March 17, 1873. While playing with one of her sisters, Tange was injured when she fell on a chopstick, losing the sight in one eye.
Tange began her career as a primary school teacher. In 1901, when she was 28, Tange began studying home economics at a women's college, Japan Women's University. After graduating, she worked as an assistant there, and became the first woman to pass the secondary teacher examination in chemistry.
In 1913, she was one of the first three women admitted to university study in Japan, when she began studies at Tohoku Imperial University along with chemist Chika Kuroda and mathematician Raku Makita, despite controversy.

## Scientific career

Tange studied Japan's persimmon tannin while at Tohoku Imperial University. After graduating, at 45 years of age, Tange went to the US to study, spending about 10 years there, including time at Stanford University and Columbia University. Her studies there were sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Home Ministry. At Johns Hopkins, she was awarded a PhD in 1927, with a thesis entitled The preparation and properties of the alophanates of certain sterols. Results of this work were published with Elmer McCollum in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1928.
Tange returned to Japan and taught at Japan Women's University and in 1930 began studies of the vitamin B2 at the RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. This work led to her second doctorate, in agriculture, from Tokyo Imperial University in 1940.
Tange published multiple scientific papers in the 1930s, including studies on dietary deficiencies in rats on fat-free diets, vitamin B2 deficiencies in rats, and the effects of fatty acids on nutrition.

## Honors

* Monument in her birthplace, Kagoshima (pictured).
* Statue in front of the Yamakataya department store, Kagoshima.
* Tange Memorial Scholarship at Japan Women's University for students excelling in science studies.
* Biography published by The Chemical Daily (in Japanese) in 2011, Like White Plum Blossoms: Trajectory of Chemist Ume Tange.
# Soldier Creek (Los Angeles County, California)

Soldier Creek is a stream in the San Gabriel Mountains in the US state of California, near Crystal Lake.

## Description

Multiple trails intersect with or run parallel to Soldier Creek. The Soldier Creek Trail starts in the Crystal Lake Recreation Area and ends at Crystal Lake Road after crossing Soldier Creek. Soldier Creek also features a small waterfall, known as Lewis Falls. The Lewis Falls Trail ends at Lewis Falls and runs next to a segment of Soldier Creek. The stream passes through Little Cienega.
# Bryn Rovers A.F.C.

Bryn Rovers A.F.C. is a Welsh football club based in Brynamman, Wales. The first team currently plays in the West Wales Premier League, and the club also runs three teams in the Neath & District League.
The club competed in the 2022–23 Welsh Cup, losing in the first qualifying round on penalties to CK Swiss Valley.
The club were champions of the Neath & District League in the 2022–23 season, gaining promotion to the West Wales Premier League.

## Honours

* Neath & District League Premier Division - Champions: 2022–23
* Neath & District League Division One - Champions: 1994–95, 2005–06
* Neath & District League Division One Cup - Winners: 2005–06
* Neath & District League Division Two - Champions: 1993–94
* Neath & District League Reserve Open Cup - Winners: 2006–07 (reserves)
* Neath & District League Reserve Division Two Cup - Winners: 2005–06 (reserves)
* Neath & District League Reserve Division Three Cup - Winners: 1999–2000 (reserves)
* Swansea Valley Cup - Winners: 2007–08
# Juan Manuel Ferrari

Juan Manuel Ferrari was an Uruguayan sculptor, born on Montevideo on 21 March 1874 and died in Buenos Aires on 31 October 1919.
He studied with his father, sculptor Juan Ferrari in Montevideo and in 1890 traveled to Italy to study under Ettore Ferrari in Rome with a scholarship from the government of Uruguay. Later, while still in Italy he studied under Ercole Rosa at the Royal Institute of Beaux Arts.
Ferrari returned to Uruguay in 1896 and opened his own studio. Later on he moved to Buenos Aires and in 1915 he relocated again to Rome.

## Works

Among his most visible projects he made the following public monuments:
* Monument to Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Minas (1902),.
* Monument to the Battle of Las Piedras, Las Piedras (1911),.
* Monument to General San Martín's Liberation Army, under commission to Mendoza Province in Argentina, Cerro de la Gloria, (1914).
# Rudnei da Rosa

Rudnei da Rosa (born 7 October 1984), simply known as Rudnei, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as defensive midfielder.

## Career

Rudnei has played in the Campeonato Brasileiro for Grêmio and Náutico.
# Van Burnham

Van Burnham (born June 28, 1971) is an American writer, designer, producer, and curator. She is the author of Supercade: A Visual History of the Videogame Age (MIT Press) and former contributing editor of Wired. Burnham curated the games component of Beyond the Streets and wrote the essay “Graffiti x Games” for the catalog, exploring the relationship between videogames and street art. She also curated and produced the ARCADIA exhibition for Soho House, launched in West Hollywood.
Burnham resides in Los Angeles, California where she stewards the Supercade private arcade museum.

## Books

* Burnham, Van (August 2001). Supercade: A Visual History of the Videogame Age 1971–1984. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262024921.
* Burnham, Van (November 2021). Supercade: A Visual History of the Videogame Age 1985–2001. Supercade Press. ISBN 9781737983804.
# George Barrow (Indian Army officer)

General Sir George de Symons Barrow, GCB, KCMG (25 October 1864 – 28 December 1959) was a British Indian Army officer who became General Officer Commanding Yeomanry Mounted Division and the 4th Cavalry Division.

## Military career

Barrow was commissioned into the Connaught Rangers in 1884. Having transferred to the 35th Scinde Horse, British Indian Army in 1886, he served in Waziristan on the North West Frontier of India in 1895 and was promoted to captain on 23 August 1895.
He became aide-de-camp (ADC) to General Sir William Lockhart, Commander-in-Chief in India, in September 1899, then served in China during the Boxer Rebellion the following year. In December 1901 he was appointed ADC to General Sir Arthur Palmer, who had succeeded as Commander-in-Chief in India, and the following March he also tok the position of Interpreter to the C-in-C. Promotion to major followed on 23 August 1902.
He was appointed Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General in India in 1903, Deputy Assistant Adjutant General at the Staff College, Camberley in 1908 and then became a staff officer at the Staff College, Quetta in 1911.
He served in World War I as a staff officer, with the temporary rank of colonel, promoted to that rank in October 1914, and to temporary brigadier general in the same month, while serving with the British Expeditionary Force. In January 1915 he was appointed to the commmand of a brigade. Promoted to temporary major general and substantive colonel in August 1915, he was, in December, Major General Richard Butler's successor as major general, general staff of the First Army of the BEF, with his major general's rank being made substantive in June. He held this post until January 1917 when he became general officer commanding of the 7th Division on the Western Front. This only lasted until April, however, as he was then GOC of the Yeomanry Mounted Division and the 4th Cavalry Division in 1917-18, being present at the fall of Jerusalem in Palestine in 1917.
He served in the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 and became GOC Peshawar District of India in 1919, was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1920, Adjutant-General, India in 1923 and General Officer Commanding Eastern Command, India later that year before retiring in 1929. He was promoted to general, dated March 1925.
He served in the Home Guard during World War II.

## Family

Barrow came from a Jewish family and was born on 25 October 1864 at Naini Tal in British India. He had three brothers, two of whom were also soldiers. His father, Lyon de Symons Barrow (1823-1905) was a major-general in the service of the Indian Army then Inspector-General of Police in the United Provinces, and himself had several brothers who were military officers. In 1902 he married Sybilla Way, daughter of Colonel G. Way; their son died in 1944 on active service.
# Kallidromo

Kallidromo (Greek: Καλλίδρομο) is a mountain in southeastern Phthiotis and northeastern Phocis, in Central Greece. Its maximum elevation is 1,399 m. The Kallidromo lies south of the Malian Gulf, east of Mount Oeta and north of the Cephissus valley. The strategic site of Thermopylae lies north of the mountain. The village of Drymaia is on the mountain. Nearby places are Mendenitsa to the northeast and Amfikleia to the south. The A1 motorway (Athens - Lamia - Thessaloniki) passes north of the mountain. The classic railway from Athens to Lamia and Thessaloniki passes south and west of the mountain, while the newer high-speed line passes through the mountain via a tunnel.

## Kallidromos thermal baths

The hot springs of Kallidromos are part of Fthiotida’s thermal spring network. They are located six kilometers from Lamia in Fthiotida and have been a source of healing and tranquility since antiquity, renowned for their therapeutic properties, particularly in treating skin conditions like psoriasis, rheumatism, arthritis, and sciatica. Historically referred to as Psoroneria, these springs, with waters reaching 33°C, are linked to legends involving Athena and Hercules, who received the springs as a gift for their healing powers. Their beneficial effects were noted by ancient historians and physicians, including Herodotus and Hippocrates, while geographer Pausanias praised their remarkably clear and blue waters.
# Edmundo Prati

Edmundo Prati (17 April 1889, in Paysandú – 24 November 1970) was a Uruguayan sculptor.

## Selected works

* Monument to the Uruguayan national hero José Gervasio Artigas, Plaza Artigas, Salto.
* Monument to the Argentine national hero José de San Martín, Plaza Soldados Orientales de San Martín, Montevideo (with Antonio Pena).
* Monument to the last Charrúa aboriginal people (Spanish: Los últimos charrúas), parque Prado, Montevideo (with Gervasio Furest and Enrique Lussich).
* Monument to the lawyer and politician Luis Alberto de Herrera, Montevideo (with V. Habegger and Jorge Durán Mattos).
* Monument to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Parque Batlle, Montevideo.
* Monumental statue to José Irureta Goyena, Pocitos, Montevideo.
* Monumental statue The Sawer (Spanish: El Sembrador), Paysandú.
* Monumental statue to Giuseppe Garibaldi, Dolores.
# Alex Russell (golfer)

Alex Russell MC (4 June 1892 – 22 November 1961) was an Australian grazier, soldier, golfer and golf course architect.
Russell was born at Geelong to grazier Philip Russell and Mary Gray, née Guthrie. He was sent to Glenalmond College in Scotland for his early schooling before returning to Australia, where he attended Geelong Grammar School, from which he graduated in 1911 having won distinction in both academic and sporting pursuits. He travelled to England in 1912 to study engineering at Cambridge University. He married Jess Lucy Fairbairn, daughter of Frederick Fairbairn, on 14 September 1917 at Chelsea.
Commissioned in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 9 October 1914, Russell served on the Western Front during World War I, where he was twice wounded, won the Military Cross, and in 1918 was promoted acting major. After the war he and his wife returned to Australia and lived at Sandringham in Melbourne, close to the Royal Melbourne Golf Club.
Both Russells became enthusiastic amateur players; Alex won the Riversdale Cup in 1929 and 1931, the Australian Open in 1924, the Australian foursomes of 1924 and 1926, and the South Australian Amateur and Victorian Amateur Championship in 1925, while Jess won the national ladies' foursomes in 1926 and 1927 and was runner-up in the 1927, 1930 and 1932 Australian Women's Amateur championships.
Russell helped to design the Black Rock west golf course (opened 1931) and supervised its construction; he also designed the eastern course, as well as courses at Karrinyup in Perth, Yarra Yarra in Melbourne, and Paraparaumu Beach, near Wellington in New Zealand. He was briefly private secretary to Prime Minister Stanley Bruce in the early 1920s. Russell and his wife moved in 1932 to Mawallok, his father's sheep station near Beaufort, and won prizes for his merino sheep; he would be President of the Australian Sheepbreeders' Association from 1950 to 1951.
During World War II Russell was deputy commissioner of the Australian Red Cross (1941–42) before becoming chief commissioner of the field force (1943–46), serving the Australian Imperial Force as a camp commandant in the intervening period. Mentioned in despatches, he was transferred to the Reserve of Officers in October 1943 as a lieutenant colonel. He was appointed a knight of grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in 1948 and continued his involvement with the Royal Melbourne Golf Club, serving as a councillor (1929–55). He retired to South Yarra, and died on 22 November 1961 at Heidelberg of hypertensive heart disease; he was cremated.
# Georgia State Route 278

State Route 278 (SR 278) is a 10.9-mile-long (17.5 km) rural southwest–northeast state highway located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is locally known as Montrose Road.

## Route description

SR 278 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of routes important to the nation's economy, mobility and defense.

### Bleckley County

SR 278 begins at an intersection with SR 26 northeast of Cochran in Bleckley County. The route heads north, then curves to the northeast to an intersection with Walker Mullis Road. Farther to the northeast is an intersection, with Cary Road heading to the northwest and Cary Salem Road heading to the southeast. A short distance later, Goldboro Road heads to the east. After that, is an intersection with Robert P. Lassiter Road. Then, the highway intersects Pea Ridge Road, which heads to the northwest. SR 278 then intersects Mt. Carmel Church Road and Talmadge Coley Road in rapid succession.

### Laurens County

After Talmadge Coley Road, SR 278 crosses into Laurens County. It then intersects Laurens County Road 386 (The Rock Road). A short distance later, the road crosses over, but does not have an interchange with Interstate 16 (I-16). Northeast of I-16, the highway enters the city limits of Montrose, and meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 80/SR 19 (Wade Street) in town.

## History

SR 278 was established in 1950 along the same alignment as it takes today. In this year the section of SR 278 in Bleckley County was paved. The rest of the route was paved in 1970. The highway has not experienced any major changes to its routing since 1970.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Bleckley | ​ | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 26 (Dykes Street) – Cochran, Dudley | Southern terminus |
| Laurens | Montrose | 10.9 | 17.5 | US 80 / SR 19 (Wade Street) – Allentown, Dudley | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Jorge Enrique Rodríguez

Jorge Enrique Rodríguez Mendieta, also known by his nom de guerre Iván Vargas (born c. 1963), is a Colombian guerrilla leader member of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP), former commander of the 24th Front of the Middle Magdalena Bloc of the FARC-EP. Vargas was arrested in late 2004 in the city of Bucaramanga by Colombian authorities and extradited to the United States on 3 November 2007 on charges of narcotrafficking.

## Early years

Vargas began his activities with the FARC in 1987 as an aide of the FARC's Secretariat and in 1989 military intelligence of the Colombian Army reported that Vargas was a guerrilla instructor in the Escuela Nacional de Cuadros de las FARC (a guerrilla training school of the FARC) in Casa Verde. In 1991 Vargas was made guerrilla commander of the 22nd Front of the FARC-EP, part of the Eastern Bloc of that organization. He was also a member of the Estado Mayor, the FARC's operational leadership council.

## Vietnam training and commander

The following year, in 1992 Vargas was sent to Vietnam to receive training in guerrilla tactics and ordnance and explosives training. Upon his return he was made commander of the 24th Front of the FARC-EP and commander of the Middle Magdalena region, guerrilla unit that operates in the southern region of Bolívar Department. According to the Colombian Army, Vargas had also received training in the former Soviet Union.

## Capture and extradition to the United States

Vargas was extradited to the United States by the Government of Colombia charged with conspiracy to export illegal drugs from Colombia to the United States. In Colombia, the government charged him with rebellion, terrorism, conspiracy to export illegal drugs According to the United States Attorney General's Office Rodriguez Mendieta allegedly directed the purchase of hundreds of thousands of kilograms of cocaine paste and transmitted billions of Colombian pesos in cocaine proceeds to other FARC officials. Rodriguez Mendieta is also alleged to have ordered the murder of at least eight farmers, including several whom he personally dismembered alive, and to have plotted to retaliate against United States law enforcement officers who were conducting the narcotics-trafficking investigation
Jorge Enrique Rodriguez Mendieta (a.k.a. Ivan Vargas) was arrested by Colombian authorities in late 2004 and extradited to the U.S. in November 2007. On 16 December 2009, he pleaded guilty in a Washington, D.C. federal court to conspiring to import large quantities of cocaine into the U.S.
When submitting his guilty plea, Mendieta admitted that he had directed other FARC members to purchase hundreds of thousands of kilograms of cocaine paste, some of which was imported to the U.S. The U.S. government has also alleged that Mendieta plotted to retaliate against American law enforcement officers conducting the narcotics-trafficking investigation that ultimately led to the charges filed against him.
# Kalininsky District, Novosibirsk

Kalininsky City District (Russian: Калининский район) is an administrative district (raion), one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 46.2 square kilometres (17.8 sq mi). Population: 200,694 (2018).

## History

In 1980, part of the Dzerzhinsky District became the Kalininsky District. Kalininsky raion is the newest district of the city.
In 2000, Pashino Settlement was included in the district.
In 2005, Klyukvenny Settlement became part of the Kalininsky district.

## Bodies of water

The Sukhoy Log Creek flows through the district.

## Architecture
### Soviet architecture

* Palace of Culture named after Maxim Gorky, 1957

### Post-Soviet architecture
## Education

* Gymnasium 12
* Lyceum 28
* Lyceum 126
* Novosibirsk Lyceum of Nutrition

## Sports

* Ice Sports Palace Sibir is the home arena of the HC Sibir Novosibirsk ice hockey team.
* Fencing sports complex with swimming pool
* Neptun Swimming Pool
* Sibir Sport Palace
* Neptun Swimming Pool

## Religion
### Christianity

* Church of the Theotokos of the Sign

## Parks
### Sosnovy Bor

The park was founded in 1976. Its area is 96 hectares.

### Pavlovsky Square
## Economy
### Industry

* Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant
* Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant
* Novosibirsk Thermal Power Station 4

### Retail

The district hosts shopping centres of famous retail companies: Auchan, Leroy Merlin, Lenta.
* Lenta
* Foodsib, wholesale and retail center in Novosibirsk.

## Transportation

* Bus
* Trolleybus
* Tram
# Şaban (name)

Şaban is a masculine given name of Arabic origin which is used in Turkey. It was derived from the Islamic calendar month Sha'aban. Another meaning of the name is interval.
Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Şaban Dişli (born 1958), Turkish politician and diplomat
* Şaban Erden (born 1949), Turkish politician
* Şaban Karataş (1928–2016), Turkish academic and politician
* Şaban Kartal (1952–1998), Yugoslav-born Turkish football player
* Şaban Özdemir (born 1981), Turkish journalist
* Şaban Özdoğan (born 1990), Danish football player of Turkish origin

## Fictional characters

* Şaban, Turkish film character played by Kemal Sunal
# Save Your Scissors

"Save Your Scissors" is a song by City and Colour. It was released in 2005 as the lead single from City and Colour's debut album, Sometimes. The song features Dallas Green's vocals and guitar, without accompaniment.

## Music video

The music video shows Dallas' everyday life living in St. Catharines, Ontario, with his playing, eating lunch, stopping by a music store, and going to a practice with Alexisonfire, among other things.

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Canada (Nielsen BDS) | 16 |
| Canada Hot AC (Billboard) | 18 |
| Canada Rock Top 30 (Radio & Records) | 9 |
# Belbin

Belbin may refer to:

## People

* David Belbin (born 1958), British novelist and academic
* Meredith Belbin (1926–2025), British researcher and academic
* Susan Belbin (born 1948), British television director and producer
* Tanith Belbin (born 1984), Canadian-American ice-dancer
* Tracey Belbin (born 1967), Australian field hockey player

## Other uses

* Belbin Team Inventory, a form of psychometric testing
# Gloydius lipipengi

Gloydius lipipengi, the Nujiang pit viper, is a species of Asian moccasin from China. Taxonomically it is named after Prof. Pi-Peng Li, a herpetologist from Shenyang Normal University. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It is most closely related to G. rubromaculatus.

## Description

A small snake, the Nujiang pit viper is distinguishable by its grey-black markings and specific scale counts and morphologies. The markings are a pair on the front of the snake's triangular head, horizontal stripes from the eyes to the cheeks to the neck, and irregular shapes along the body.

## Habitat

Gloydius lipipengi is known to reside in hot, dry areas of leaf litter in forests.

## Diet

The Nuijang pit viper has been known to eat pink mice in captivity.
# Toprak

Toprak ("soil") is a Turkish surname and a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* Abdullah Toprak (born 2000), Turkish wrestler
* Acelya Toprak (born 1998), British judoka of Azerbaijani origin
* Erdoğan Toprak (born 1961), Turkish politician and businessman
* Mehmet Emin Toprak (1974–2002), Turkish film actor
* Menekşe Toprak (born 1970), German-Turkish writer
* Ömer Toprak (born 1989), Turkish football player
* Pınar Toprak (born 1980), Turkish composer

## Given name

* Toprak Razgatlıoğlu (born 1996), Turkish World SuperBike (WSBK) motorcycle racer