OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Humbert of Silva Candida

Humbert of Silva Candida, O.S.B., also known as Humbert of Moyenmoutier (c. 1000 to 1015 – 5 May 1061) was a French Benedictine abbot and later cardinal. It was his act of excommunicating the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael I Cerularius, in 1054 that is generally regarded as the precipitating event of the East–West Schism between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

## Biography

When Humbert was 15 years old, his parents sent him to the Abbey of Moyenmoutier in Lorraine as an oblate destined for monastic life according to the Rule of St. Benedict. When he came of age, he entered the Order and was later elected abbot of the monastery. He became friends with Bruno, Bishop of Toul, who was elected Pope Leo IX in 1048 and who brought the monk to Rome to assist him after his election.
Pope Leo appointed Humbert Archbishop of Sicily in 1050. However, the Norman rulers of the island prevented him from landing there. Instead, he was appointed Cardinal-Bishop of Silva Candida the following year. It has been suggested that he was the first Frenchman to be made a cardinal.
Under Leo, Humbert became chief papal secretary, and while traveling in Apulia in 1053, he received from John, Bishop of Trani, a letter from Leo, Archbishop of Ochrid, criticizing Western rites and practices. He translated the Greek letter into Latin and gave it to the Pope, who ordered a reply. This exchange led to Humbert being sent to Constantinople at the head of a legatine mission with Frederick of Lorraine (later Pope Stephen IX), and Peter, Archbishop of Amalfi, to confront the Patriarch Michael Cerularius.
Humbert was warmly received by the Emperor Constantine IX, but was spurned by the Patriarch. Finally, on 16 July 1054, during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy, Humbert placed a papal bull excommunicating the Patriarch on the high altar of the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia, unaware that Pope Leo had died a few weeks earlier in April, which some historians have suggested meant that the excommunication was invalid. This event officially crystallized the gradual estrangement of Eastern and Western Christianity that had taken place over the centuries, and is traditionally used to date the beginning of the Great Schism.
In his later years, Humbert was appointed librarian of the Roman Curia by Pope Stephen IX, his former legatine companion, and he wrote the reform treatise Libri tres adversus Simoniacos ("Three Books Against the Simoniacs") (1057), which criticized those who bought or sold ecclesiastical offices (simony), including kings, for whom it had been common practice. Humbert's argument that simoniacal ordinations and sacraments were invalid was refuted by Peter Damian. Humbert is also credited as the mastermind behind the 1059 Election Decree, which decreed that popes would henceforth be elected by the College of Cardinals.
He traveled extensively throughout Italy in the later years of his life, in part due to the election of Antipope Benedict X in 1058. He did, however, attend the Lateran Synod in April 1059. Humbert died in Rome on 5 May 1061, and was buried in the Lateran Basilica.
# Il Boss

Il Boss (En. The Boss, also known as Murder Inferno) is a poliziottesco-noir film written and directed by Fernando Di Leo in 1973. It is the final part of Di Leo's Milieu Trilogy, also consisting of Milano calibro 9 and La mala ordina, both released in 1972.

## Plot

Nick Lanzetta (Henry Silva) takes out several members of a rival crime family for his boss Don Corrasco (Richard Conte). The enemy clan attempts retribution by kidnapping an associate's daughter, who turns out to be a nymphomaniac. A violent power struggle within the Mafia ensues.

## Cast

* Henry Silva as Nick Lanzetta
* Richard Conte as Don Corrasco
* Gianni Garko as Commissioner Torri
* Vittorio Caprioli as The Quaestor
* Pier Paolo Capponi as Cocchi
* Antonia Santilli as Rina Daniello
* Claudio Nicastro as Don Giuseppe Daniello
* Corrado Gaipa as Lawyer Rizzo
* Gianni Musy as Carlo Attardi
* Mario Pisu as On. Gabrielli
* Marino Masé as Pignataro
* Howard Ross as Melende

## Release

Il Boss was released in Italy on 1 February 1973, where it was distributed by Alherat. The film grossed a total of ₤774.172 million Italian lira on its release.
# Minimaks

Milovan Ilić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милован Илић; 5 November 1938 – 10 February 2005), better known by his nickname and stage name Minimaks (Serbian Cyrillic: Минимакс), was a Serbian radio and television personality.

## Early life

He was born on 5 November 1938 in the village of Lipnica near Kragujevac, Yugoslavia. He completed primary and secondary school in Kragujevac, and studied law in Belgrade. He started in the satirical magazine Jež, and in 1960 he moved to Radio Belgrade.

## Career

He became known as the leader of the radio program Minimaks. This program was broadcast on Radio Belgrade in the 1970s. "Minimaks" was one of the first programmes in which there was a lot of popular music and its motto was "minimum talk, maximum music". He was one of the first unconventional journalists in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia who inserted jokes, witty remarks and jingles between the standard radio host notices.
With shows Sutra je petak (It's Friday Tomorrow) and Tačno u podne (Exactly at noon), better known as Tup-Tup, which he hosted for 22 years, he achieved great success. After cutting of his radio show, he continued his career on the Radio Television of Serbia, where he led the program Od glave do pete (From head to toe).
However, the show was taken off air in the 1990. He moved to RTV Politika where he hosted show Minimaksovizija. He later led shows Minimaksovizija, Maksovizija, Sunday with Minimaks and Fonto at TV Pink and TV Palma. Throughout his time on radio and television he promoted numerous up-and-coming folk singers, most notably Lepa Brena, even giving her the stage name.
Through his programs passed a large number of Serbian singers, musicians, actors, politicians and other public figures. For each guest Minimaks was thoroughly prepared using comprehensive documentation and news. He is the author of several books aphorisms and songs, as well as many columns in various newspapers. With his wife Biljana he had a daughter Hannah and son Vladimir, and from the first marriage, son Igor.
He worked with and knew many Balkan singers, including being manager to Silvana Armenulić, until her death in a car crash in 1976. Ksenija Pajčin worked as his assistant while trying to make a name for herself in the 1990s.

## Death

At the end of 2004, Minimaks received a liver transplant at the clinic of the University of Padova, where he died on 10 February 2005 at age 66.
# Théo Leoni

Théo Leoni (born 21 April 2000) is a Belgian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Anderlecht

## Career

Leoni moved from the youth ranks of R. Charleroi S.C. to Anderlecht in 2012. On 5 September 2017, he signed his first professional contract with Anderlecht. He made his debut for Anderlecht in the Belgian First Division A on 30 October 2022 against K.A.S. Eupen. He had been captaining RSCA Futures in the Challenger Pro League, and been training with the Anderlecht first team since being promoted under former manager Vincent Kompany in 2019. A graceful left-footed playmaker, a debut in the first team prior to 2022 had been delayed by an initial lack of physicality but this part of his game developed with time. This development was to the extent that he has been described as “a revelation at number 8, the engine of the RCSA Futures”. Commenting after his debut at the relatively late age of 22, Leoni said he “had always remained positive” during his ten years at the club despite seeing players younger than him make first team starts before him.
On 27 August 2023, he scored a stunning first goal for Anderlecht during a 2-1 home win against R. Charleroi S. C. in the Belgian Pro League. On 17 august 2024, he made his 50th appearance for the club in a Belgian Pro League match against KV Mechelen in a 1-3 away win, scoring the 3rd goal of the game.
On 3 October 2024, he scored his first European goal in a UEFA Europa League match against Real Sociedad, scoring the winning goal with a great volley from outside of the box.

## International career

Leoni was born in Belgium to an Italian father and Spanish mother. He is a youth international for Belgium, having played up to the Belgium U19s.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 23 February 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| RSCA Futures | 2022–23 | Challenger Pro League | 19 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 1 |
| Anderlecht | 2022–23 | Belgian Pro League | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Anderlecht | 2023–24 | Belgian Pro League | 37 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 39 | 5 |
| Anderlecht | 2024–25 | Belgian Pro League | 22 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 1 | — | — | 36 | 3 |
| Anderlecht | Total | Total | 65 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 1 | — | — | 82 | 8 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 84 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 101 | 9 |
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
# Nahum Tschacbasov

Nahum Tschacbasov (1899–1984; Russian: Наум Степанович Чакбасов, Georgian: ნაუმ ჩაჩბასოვი) also known as Nahum Lichter, and Nahum Tschakbassoff, was a Russian-born American painter, printmaker, graphic artist, poet, businessperson, and educator. He used many names including Nahum Lichter, Nathan Richter, H. H. Richter, Hanathan Richter, and Nathan Lichterman. Tschacbasov was a member of "The Ten", a group of expressionist artists.

## Early life

He was born on August 31, 1899, in Baku, Russian Empire, into a Georgian Jewish family. In 1905, when he was a young child, his family moved to Chicago because of pogroms. There are varying stories as to why he used different names either due to a forged passport used for immigration; to avoid paying child support; and/or because he was a con-man. He served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919.

## Career

In the 1920s and 1930s, he worked as a businessman in Chicago where he made a fortune. His second marriage was to his secretary Esther. Tschacbasov moved to France in 1932 to 1933, where he studied painting with Adolph Gottlieb, Marcel Gromaire, and Fernand Léger.
When the family returned to the United States the Tschacbasov family moved to Brooklyn. Early in his career he had a good relationship with artists Milton Avery, Raphael Soyer, Moses Soyer, Isaac Soyer, William Gropper, David Burliuk, and Philip Evergood. In 1935, he was part of a group exhibition at the Gallery Secession alongside Mark Rothko, Gottlieb, and the other artist members of "The Ten".
He taught at the Art Students League of New York. Additionally he taught painting at his own art school in Woodstock, New York, and taught at the Marxist-focused John Reed Club School. His notable art students include Fritzie Abadi, James F. Walker, and his future wife Irene Zevon.
In 1982, Southampton College Press published his illustrated poetry book, Machinery of Fright.

## Death and legacy

He died in February 1984 at New York University Hospital. He is buried in New Montefiore Cemetery.
It was estimated he had made some 7,000+ paintings and prints. His work is included in museum collections including the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Jewish Museum, and the Whitney Museum of American Art.
In 2013, he had a posthumous solo exhibition curated by Marina Kovalyov at the National Arts Club, as part of the 11th Annual Russian Heritage Month.

## Personal life

Tschacbasov was a member of the Communist Party.
His second wife was Esther Sorokin, who died in 1961; his third wife was painter and his former student, Irene Zevon. He had two children. His daughter was Alexandra (or Sasha, Sondra), she was the second wife of writer Saul Bellows; together they had son Adam Bellow. Bellows book Herzog (1964) was influenced by his divorce to Alexandra. According to Alexandra in 2011, her father sexually abused her starting around age 11.

## Publications

* Tschacbasov, Nahum (1982). The Machinery of Fright. Southampton College Press. ISBN 9780943052007.
# Fox, Oregon

Fox is an unincorporated community in Grant County, Oregon, United States, on U.S. Route 395 south of Long Creek.
Fox is named after Fox Creek, a tributary of the North Fork John Day River. The creek was named for an incident involving a fox that occurred during a hunting or prospecting trip in pioneer times. Fox post office was established circa 1883 discontinued in 2002, and formerly had a ZIP code of 97831. Fox is now served by the Long Creek post office (ZIP code 97845).
Fox was the birthplace of noted artist Morris Graves.

## Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fox has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
# Zaïr Kédadouche

Zaïr Kédadouche (born 9 August 1957) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender or a midfielder. He is also a published author with his 1996 book Zair le gaulois, and is the founder of the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration museum.
From 2008 to 2014, he became a French diplomat (Consul General in Liège, then ambassador in Andorra).

## Honours

Orders
* Knight of the National Order of Merit: 1994
* Knight of the Legion of Honour: 2002
# Illmensee (lake)

The Illmensee is a lake southeast of the municipality of Illmensee in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Geography

A weir was built at the lake, which soon became an obstacle for the fish to travel. This was intentional, so fishers and fishing clubs would be able to catch them.
Since 1937, the water table has decreased by 1.3 metres.

## History
### Ancient history

Multiple Neolithic pile dwellings have been found around the lake. They are located in the shallow water area of the west bank and on the east bank up to about ten meters from the tip of the peninsula, which is about 300 meters long, on average 25 to 30 meters wide and made up of up to seven meters thick layers of chalk.

## Resort

The lake of Illmensee was first mentioned in a document in 1275 and has been a state-recognised resort since 1987. It has a swimming pontoon, diving platform, modern playground, beach volleyball court, kiosk, and a herb garden.
# Thomas Henderson (New Jersey politician)

Thomas Henderson (August 15, 1743 – December 15, 1824) was a United States representative from New Jersey. He served as acting governor of New Jersey in 1793.

## Early life

Born in Freehold in the Province of New Jersey, he attended the public schools and was graduated from Princeton College in 1761. He studied medicine and practised in Freneau, New Jersey and Freehold Township, New Jersey. He was a member of the Committee of Safety in 1774 and served as a lieutenant in the New Jersey Line in 1775. He was appointed second major in Col. Charles Stewart's battalion of Minutemen on February 15, 1776, and was a brigade major of the Monmouth County militia, April 19, 1776. He was major of Col. Nathaniel Heard's battalion, June 14, 1776, and later lieutenant colonel and brigadier major at Monmouth.

## Politics

Henderson was surrogate of Monmouth County in 1776, and a member of the provincial council in 1777. He was elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress, November 17, 1779, but declined to serve on December 25, 1779. He served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1780 to 1784, and was a master in chancery in 1790. He was a member of the New Jersey Legislative Council (now the New Jersey Senate) in 1793 and 1794, serving as Vice President of that body, and in 1793 and 1794 he was Acting Governor of New Jersey. Henderson was elected as a Federalist to the Fourth Congress, serving from March 4, 1795, to March 3, 1797; he was previously a candidate for Congress in 1789 and 1791. He was a candidate in the 1799 special election for the U.S. Senate, losing by two votes to James Schureman. From 1783 to 1799 he was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and was one of the commissioners appointed to settle the boundary line between New Jersey and Pennsylvania. He was again a member of the State Council in 1812 and 1813.

## Death

In 1824, Henderson died in Freehold; interment was in Old Tennent Cemetery, Manalapan.
# Jim Roche (artist)

Jim Roche (born 1943) is an American contemporary artist, known for his "outsider art" chronicling Southern culture in sculptures, graphics, and performance art since the 1960s. His work, which often adopts the folk motifs of contemporary Southern culture, has occasioned descriptions as both "standing for the far right" and ... "confront[ing] hypocrisy and social injustice ... aligned with the downtrodden, disenfranchised and working class populations."

## Life and education

Roche graduated from the University of Dallas in 1970, and taught at Florida State University from 1973 to 2011. Roche was part of the "Oak Cliff Four", a group of artists from Dallas.
He has been an avid motorcycle racer, and has performed small roles in a number of films—for instance, as a televangelist in "The Silence of the Lambs".
He is married to artist Alexa Kleinbard. In 2023, Roche and Alexa Kleinbard were featured in the group exhibition and accompanying catalog Spirit in the Land, organized by the Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University and later at the Pérez Art Museum Miami in 2024.

## Selected and major works

* "Potted Mama" - large sculptural works with sexual elements
* "The Bicentennial Welfare Cadillac" (1976) - A decorated 1950 sedan
* "background piece" (1970s); appeared at the Whitney
* "Don’t Tread on Me No More Y’all: Piece" - A large serpent, satire of the flag of Gadsden, Alabama; appeared in the 37th Venice Biennale in 1976 (full title: "Two hundred years keeping animals down, done brought Da Snake crawlin back around, Flashin Symbols for One and All; Don’t Tread on Me No More Y’all: Piece")
* "Learning to Count" (1982); spoken word performance on a 2-LP album; Roche speaks in character of people from the South
* Co-Curator, with Alexa Kleinbard, Ogden Museum (2011)

## Honors

* National Endowment for the Arts in 1975 and 1982
* Florida Arts Council Fellowship in 1980

## Exhibitions

* Whitney Annual (1960s)
* Venice Biennale in 1976 (invited)
* Paris Biennale in 1977 (invited)

### Selected solo exhibitions

* Dave Hickey's "Clean, Well-Lighted Space" in Dallas (Roche's first solo exhibition)
* Whitney Solo Show (curator, Marcia Tucker)
* Automobile and Culture (1984)
* Made in Florida (1989)
* "Jim Roche: Sense of Place", Gulf Coast Museum of Art, Largo Florida (2003–2004)
* "Jim Roche: Glory Roads", Florida State University Museum of Fine Arts (2010)
* "The Art Guys" (2014)
* "Cultural Mechanic", Ogden Museum of Southern Art, New Orleans (2015) (curated by Bradley Sumrall)
* "Some Americans Feel Like This", Bale Creek Allen Gallery, Austin, Texas (2016)
# Gustavo Silva (footballer, born 1999)

Gustavo da Silva Cunha (born 1 June 1999), commonly known as Gustavo Silva, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Primeira Liga club Vitória de Guimarães.

## Club career

Gustavo Silva began his career with Taquaritinga, also playing for Sobradinho and Inter de Bebedouro before a move to Comercial in 2022. He enjoyed a successful loan spell in Portugal with Nacional across the 2022–23 and 2023–24 seasons. During the latter season, he scored 15 goals and added a further 12 assists in 40 appearances across all competitions.
On 7 August 2024, Gustavo Silva joined Primeira Liga club Vitória de Guimarães on a four-year deal. On 29 August, he scored his first goal in a European competition for Vitória, netting the fourth goal in a 4–0 win over Zrinjski Mostar in the play-off round of the UEFA Conference League. On 6 October, he scored twice in a 2–2 draw against Boavista in the league. This strong start was slowed down by a muscular injury in January 2025, with an expected recovery time of two months.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 3 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State league | State league | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Taquaritinga | 2018 | – | – | – | 14 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 2 |
| Taquaritinga | 2019 | – | – | – | 11 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 1 |
| Taquaritinga | Total | Total | Total | Total | 25 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 3 |
| Sobradinho | 2020 | – | – | – | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Inter de Bebedouro | 2020 | – | – | – | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Taquaritinga | 2021 | – | – | – | 11 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 1 |
| Comercial | 2022 | – | – | – | 18 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 4 |
| Nacional | 2022–23 | Liga Portugal 2 | 27 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 32 | 1 |
| Nacional | 2023–24 | Liga Portugal 2 | 34 | 12 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 40 | 15 |
| Nacional | Total | Total | 61 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 16 |
| Vitória de Guimarães | 2024–25 | Primeira Liga | 14 | 4 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 8 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 75 | 16 | 67 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 158 | 32 |
* ↑ Includes Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão, Campeonato Brasiliense, Campeonato Paulista Série A3
* ↑ Includes Taça de Portugal
* ↑ Includes Taça da Liga
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Conference League

## Honours

Individual
* Liga Portugal 2 Team of the Year: 2023–24
* Liga Portugal 2 Player of the Month: April 2024
* Liga Portugal 2 top assist provider: 2023–24
# Bhai Pheru bus bombing

The Bhai Pheru bus bombing was a bombing targeting a bus in Bhai Pheru (now Phool Nagar), Pakistan, killing 52 and injuring 26.

## Bombing

On 28 April 1996, a bus picked up passengers at Kot Radha Kishan bus stop in Bhai Pheru. The bus (FDJ 9176) was overcrowded with over 100 passengers on their way to celebrate Eid al-Adha in a 52-seater bus. In the bus, a bomb was placed underneath a seat near the fuel tank of the bus. At 10:30 am local time while the bus was going through the main marketplace in Bhai Pheru the bomb detonated. The detonation of the bomb ruptured the fuel tank of the bus causing a fireball that quickly spread throughout the bus. The bus continued burning for two hours until firefighters from other towns arrived. The bombing killed 52 people and injured 26.