# North-East Democratic Alliance

The North-East Democratic Alliance (NEDA) is a political coalition that was formed on 24 May 2016, by Bharatiya Janata Party. The motive of the new political front was to unite non-Congress parties in Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma was appointed as the convenor of the front.

## History

The alliance was established after Bharatiya Janata Party led National Democratic Alliance which includes parties like Asom Gana Parishad and Bodoland People's Front formed its first government in Assam. The founding political parties of the North-East Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party on 26 May 2019, included Naga People's Front, Sikkim Democratic Front, People's Party of Arunachal, Asom Gana Parishad and Bodoland People's Front. The Chief Ministers of the northeastern states of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling; Assam, Sarbananda Sonowal; Arunachal Pradesh, Kalikho Pul and Nagaland, T. R. Zeliang were the founding members of the alliance. BJP President Amit Shah chaired the meeting which was also attended by BJP General Secretary Ram Madhav and BJP North East Zonal Organizing Secretary Ajay Jamwal. The alliance suffered a big setback in Arunachal Pradesh when their 30 MLAs defected back to Indian National Congress.
On 16 September 2016, 43 MLAs from the ruling party, under the CM Pema Khandu, left Indian National Congress to join People's Party of Arunachal in alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party. Though Pema Khandu is still the Chief Minister, it is soon expected that either a coalition government will be formed with BJP as the speaker of the assembly has also changed sides with the CM, or that the Indian Government will dissolve the state assembly for fresh general elections.
In October 2016, People's Party of Arunachal formally joined hands with Bharatiya Janata Party making Arunachal Pradesh 15th state to have BJP led NDA in Power, and with this new coalition, Tamiyo Taga sworn in as Cabinet minister of Arunachal Pradesh.
On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.
In December 2016, Khandu proved the majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal’s 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.
In March 2017, Nongthombam Biren Singh is the leader of Bharatiya Janata Party was sworn in the Chief Ministers of Manipur on 15 March 2017. Here is the list of the ministers of his ministry. The Bharatiya Janata Party allied with National People's Party, Naga People's Front, Lok Janshakti Party and others it was the first time that BJP formed government in Manipur through INC emerged as the single largest party.
In 2018, the BJP and the ruling Nagaland People's Front dissolved their electoral alliance prior to the election. The BJP instead chose to form an alliance with the newly formed Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party, led by former CM Neiphiu Rio. Lok Sabha MP and former Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio of the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party was declared elected uncontested in the Northern Angami II constituency after no other candidate was nominated against him.
In March 2018, The National People's Party came second behind Indian National Congress by winning 19 seats in the 2018 Meghalaya legislative assembly election. Conrad Sangma staked claim to form government with a letter of support from the 34 MLA, that included 19 from NPP, 6 from United Democratic Party, 4 from People's Democratic Front, two each from Hill State People's Democratic Party and Bharatiya Janata Party, and an independent.
In March 2018, Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party came second behind Naga People's Front by winning 18 seats in the 2018 Nagaland legislative assembly election. Neiphiu Rio staked claim to form the government with a letter of support from the 32 MLA, that included 17 from NDPP, 12 from Bharatiya Janata Party, 1 from Janata Dal (United) and an independent.
In March 2018, Bharatiya Janata Party won the 2018 Tripura legislative assembly election 35 seats. Its ally Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura won 8 of 9 seats which they contested. The alliance defeated Communist Party of India (Marxist) who was ruling since 1993.
In the 2018 state assembly elections, Mizo National Front has emerged as largest political party and won 26 seats and Pu Zoramthanga became the new Chief Minister of Mizoram. This was the first time that Congress does not have any government in any of the states in Northeast India.
In May 2019, Bharatiya Janata Party won the 2018 Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly election 41 seats whereas its ally's National People's Party won 5 and Janata Dal (United) got 7 seats. National People's Party was accorded the status of National Party from Election Commission of India as it got 5 seats in the assembly with a vote share of 14.56% getting also the status of a Recognized State Party in Arunachal Pradesh. Janata Dal (United) party got the status of a Recognized State Party by the Election Commission of India as it secured 7 seats in the assembly winning a vote share of 9.88% in the state.
In Sikkim, The Sikkim Krantikari Morcha came close to allying with Bhartiya Janata Party before the 2019 Indian Election but decided to fight alone. They contested on all 32 constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly and won 17 constituencies, thus ending Pawan Kumar Chamling's 25-year rule in Sikkim. Indra Hang Subba won the Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency by defeating his nearest rival of Sikkim Democratic Front Dek Bahadur Katwal 12,443 margin.
After the assembly election, 1 MLA from Sikkim Krantikari Morcha and 2 MLAs from Sikkim Democratic Front each vacated their second seat after being elected from two constituencies. Before the by-elections to these three vacant seats were held, 10 MLAs of Sikkim Democratic Front defected to Bhartiya Janata Party and 2 MLAs of Sikkim Democratic Front defected to Sikkim Krantikari Morcha, leaving Sikkim Democratic Front with only 1 MLA. SKM had 18 MLAs and BJP had 10 MLAs. In the by-elections held on 21 October 2019, BJP won two seats and SKM one seat. The final seat numbers are: SKM 19 seats, BJP 12 seats and SDF 1 seat.
On 17 June 2020 9 MLAs supporting N. Biren Singh led the government in Manipur revolted against him and withdrew support from his government blaming him for lack of action during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the vote of confidence, he was one of the eight MLAs who had skipped the assembly proceedings defying the party whip for the trust vote. All members resigned from Indian National Congress and later joined Bharatiya Janata Party in the presence of Ram Madhav, Baijayant Panda, and Chief Minister of Manipur N. Biren Singh.
In November 2020, Bharatiya Janata Party announced that it has agreed to support efforts by the UPPL to form an executive body in Bodoland Territorial Council. The leader of the UPPL, Pramod Boro became the new Chief Executive Member of the Bodoland Territorial Council on 15 December 2020.
Soon after the election results were declared and the BJP-led NDA emerged victorious it faced the dilemma of who should be made the Chief Minister. While most of the top leaders in the BJP state unit favored incumbent Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, speculations suggest that Himanta Biswa Sarma had more elected MLAs of the BJP on his side. Due to prolonged discontent between the two leaders, a BJP legislature party meeting couldn't have been called. On 10 May 2021, Sarma was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Assam, succeeding his colleague Sarbananda Sonowal.
NPP chief Conrad Sangma gave resignation from the post of Chief Minister to Governor Phagu Chauhan. He staked his claim on a new government with support of 32 MLAs (26 NPP, 2 BJP, 2 HSPDP, and 2 Independents). However, later in the evening, HSPDP withdrew their support which reduced the NPP-led MDA tally to 30. The opposition parties with 29 MLAs counter-claimed to form a United Front. Leaders of TMC, Congress, PDF, HSPDP, VPP had meeting with UDP leader Lahkmen Rymbui to form alternative government barring MDA alliance consists NPP and BJP. Later UDP, PDF, and HSPDP pledged support to an NPP-BJP-Independent MDA alliance.
Manik Saha gave his resignation as Chief Minister of Tripura to the Governor Satyadev Narayan Arya and staked claim new government with the support of 33 MLAs (32 BJP and 1 IPFT).
In 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, North East Democratic Alliance again gained the majority in the house after winning election and Neiphiu Rio took oath after post elections. Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party's Hekani Jakhalu Kense from Dimapur III and Salhoutuonuo Kruse from Western Angami constituencies became first women MLAs in the history of Nagaland. Both get elected as NDPP candidates.
In March 2024, Tipra Motha joined Manik Saha-led Tripura government and Animesh Debbarma and Brishaketu Debbarma, took the oath as ministers.

## Members

| | Party | Party | Leader | Leader | MPs from NE | MPs from NE | MLs in NE | Base State | Joining Year |
| | Party | Party | Leader | Leader | Lok sabha | Rajya sabha | MLs in NE | Base State | Joining Year |
| 1 | | Bharatiya Janata Party | | Himanta Biswa Sarma | 13 | 9 | 193 | National | 2016 |
| 2 | | National People's Party | | Conrad Sangma | 0 | 1 | 45 | National | 2018 |
| 3 | | Sikkim Krantikari Morcha | | Prem Singh Tamang | 1 | 0 | 31 | Sikkim | 2019 |
| 4 | | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | | Neiphiu Rio | 0 | 0 | 25 | Nagaland | 2018 |
| 5 | | Tipra Motha Party | | Pradyot Deb Barma | 0 | 0 | 13 | Tripura | 2024 |
| 6 | | United Democratic Party | | Metbah Lyngdoh | 0 | 0 | 12 | Meghalaya | 2018 |
| 7 | | Nationalist Congress Party | | | 0 | 0 | 10 | Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland | 2023 |
| 8 | | Asom Gana Parishad | | Atul Bora | 1 | 1 | 7 | Assam | 2016 |
| 9 | | United People's Party Liberal | | Pramod Boro | 1 | 1 | 6 | Assam | 2020 |
| 10 | | Naga People's Front | | Küzholuzo Nienü | 0 | 0 | 7 | Manipur, Nagaland | 2018 |
| | | Hill State People's Democratic Party | | | 0 | 0 | 2 | Meghalaya | 2018 |
| | | Republican Party of India (Athawale) | | | 0 | 0 | 2 | Nagaland | 2023 |
| | | Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) | | | 0 | 0 | 2 | Nagaland | 2023 |
| | | Independent | | | 0 | 0 | | North East | - |
| | | Indigenous People's Front of Tripura | | | 0 | 0 | 1 | Tripura | 2018 |
| | | People's Party of Arunachal | | | 0 | 0 | 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 2024 |
| | | Janata Dal (United) | | | 0 | 0 | 1 | Manipur | |
| | Total | Total | | | 16 | 12 | 373 | | |

## Strength in NE state assemblies

| State | Seats | NEDA | NEDA | NEDA | Overall Tally | CM of | Ref(s) |
| State | Seats | BJP | NDA | NDA | | Overall Tally | CM of | Ref(s) |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 60 | 46 | | NPP (5) | 59 / 60 | BJP | |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 60 | 46 | | NCP (3) | 59 / 60 | BJP | |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 60 | 46 | | PPA (2) | 59 / 60 | BJP | |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 60 | 46 | | IND (3) | 59 / 60 | BJP | |
| Assam | 126 | 61 | | AGP (7) | 75 / 126 | BJP | |
| Assam | 126 | 61 | | UPPL(6) | 75 / 126 | BJP | |
| Assam | 126 | 61 | | IND (1) |
| Manipur | 60 | 37 | | NPP (7) | 53 / 60 | BJP | |
| Manipur | 60 | 37 | | NPF (5) | 53 / 60 | BJP | |
| Manipur | 60 | 37 | | JD(U)(1) | 53 / 60 | BJP | |
| Manipur | 60 | 37 | | IND (3) | 53 / 60 | BJP | |
| Meghalaya | 60 | 2 | | NPP(26) | 46 / 60 | NPP | |
| Meghalaya | 60 | 2 | | UDP(12) | 46 / 60 | NPP | |
| Meghalaya | 60 | 2 | | HSPDP(2) | 46 / 60 | NPP | |
| Meghalaya | 60 | 2 | | IND (2) | 46 / 60 | NPP | |
| Mizoram | 40 | 2 | none | none | 2 / 40 | ZPM | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | NDPP(25) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | NCP (7) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | NPP (5) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | LJP(RV)(2) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | NPF (2) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | RPI(A) (2) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Nagaland | 60 | 12 | | IND (5) | 60 / 60 | NDPP | |
| Sikkim | 32 | 0 | | SKM (32) | 32 / 32 | SKM | |
| Tripura | 60 | 33 | | TPM (13) | 47 / 60 | BJP | |
| Tripura | 60 | 33 | | IPFT (1) | 47 / 60 | BJP | |
| Total | | 193 | | | 374 / 498 | | | |

## Legislative leaders
### Chief Ministers(24 May 2016 till date)

| State | Govt Since | Chief Minister | Party | CM Since |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 19 January 2016 – 13 July 2016 | Kalikho Pul | People's Party of Arunachal | |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 29 December 2016 | Pema Khandu | Bharatiya Janata Party | 29 December 2016 |
| Assam | 24 May 2016 – 10 May 2021 | Sarbananda Sonowal | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| Assam | 24 May 2016 | Himanta Biswa Sarma | Bharatiya Janata Party | 10 May 2021 |
| Manipur | 15 March 2017 | N. Biren Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | 15 March 2017 |
| Meghalaya | 6 March 2018 | Conrad Sangma | National People's Party | 6 March 2018 |
| Nagaland | 19 July 2017 – 8 March 2018 | T. R. Zeliang | Naga People's Front | |
| Nagaland | 22 February 2017 – 19 July 2017 | Shürhozelie Liezietsu | Naga People's Front | |
| Nagaland | 7 March 2008 | Neiphiu Rio | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | 7 March 2018 |
| Mizoram | 15 December 2018 – 7 December 2023 | Zoramthanga | Mizo National Front | |
| Mizoram | 8 December 2023 | Lalduhoma | Zoram People's Movement | 8 March 2023 |
| Sikkim | 12 December 1994 – 14 May 2019 | Pawan Kumar Chamling | Sikkim Democratic Front | |
| Sikkim | 23 May 2019 | Prem Singh Tamang | Sikkim Krantikari Morcha | 23 May 2019 |
| Tripura | 9 March 2018 – 14 May 2022 | Biplab Kumar Deb | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| Tripura | 6 March 2018 | Manik Saha | Bharatiya Janata Party | 15 May 2022 |

### Deputy chief ministers(16 May 2016 till date)

| Dy.Chief Minister | Party | Under Chief Minister | Term |
| Chowna Mein | People's Party of Arunachal Bharatiya Janata Party | Pema Khandu | (2016-2019)(2019-2024) |
| Prestone Tynsong | National People's Party (India) | Conrad Sangma | (2018-2023)(2023 till date) |
| Sniawbhalang Dhar | National People's Party (India) | Conrad Sangma | (2023 till date) |
| T. R. Zeliang | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | Neiphiu Rio | (2023 till date) |
| Yanthungo Patton | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | Neiphiu Rio | (2018-2023)(2023 till date) |
| Jishnu Dev Varma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Biplab Kumar Deb, Manik Saha | (2018-2023) |
| Yumnam Joykumar Singh | National People's Party (India) | N. Biren Singh | (2017-2022) |
| Tawnluia | Mizo National Front | Zoramthanga | (2018-2023) |
Union Ministers(1996 till date)
| Prime Minister | Minister | Party |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Thounaojam Chaoba Singh | Manipur State Congress Party |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Omak Apang | Arunachal Congress |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Bijoya Chakravarty | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Kabindra Purkayastha | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Satyabrata Mookherjee | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Sarbananda Sonowal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Kiren Rijiju | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Rameswar Teli | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Rajkumar Ranjan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Rajen Gohain | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Pratima Bhoumik | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Narendra Modi | Pabitra Margherita | Bharatiya Janata Party |
List of BJP's Lok Sabha MPs from North East India
| MP | Lok Sabha Term | |
| Sarbananda Sonowal | (2014-2016)(2024-2029) | Tarun Gogoi, Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Dwaraka Nath Das | (1991-1996)(1996-1998) | Hiteswar Saikia, Bhumidhar Barman |
| Pradan Baruah | (2017-2019)(2019-2024)(2024-2029) | Sarbananda Sonowal, Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Rameswar Teli | (2014-2019) (2019-2024) | Tarun Gogoi, Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Ram Prasad Sharma | (2014-2019) | Tarun Gogoi |
| Queen Oja | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Ramen Deka | (2009-2014) (2014-2019) | Tarun Gogoi |
| Rajen Gohain | (1999-2004)(2004-2009)(2009–2014)(2014-2019) | Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, Tarun Gogoi |
| Kamakhya Prasad Tasa | (2014-2019)(2024-2029) | Tarun Gogoi, Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Bijoya Chakravarty | (1999-2004)(2009-2014)(2014–2019) | Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, Tarun Gogoi |
| Rajdeep Roy | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Kripanath Mallah | (2019-2024)(2024-2029) | Sarbananda Sonowal, Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Narayan Chandra Borkataky | (2004-2009) | Tarun Gogoi |
| Dilip Saikia | (2019-2024)(2024-2029) | Sarbananda Sonowal, Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Pallab Lochan Das | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Topon Kumar Gogoi | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Horen Sing Bey | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Parimal Suklabaidya | (2024-2029) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Amarsing Tisso | (2024-2029) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Bijuli Kalita Medhi | (2024-2029) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Ranjit Dutta | (2024-2029) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Rajkumar Ranjan Singh | (2019-2024) | N. Biren Singh |
| Rebati Tripura | (2019-2024) | Biplab Kumar Deb |
| Pratima Bhoumik | (2019-2024) | Biplab Kumar Deb |
| Kiren Rijiju | (2004-2009)(2014-2019)(2019–2024)(2024-2029) | Gegong Apang, Nabam Tuki, Pema Khandu |
| Tapir Gao | (2004-2009)(2019-2024)(2024-2029) | Gegong Apang, Pema Khandu |
| Biplab Kumar Deb | (2024-2029) | Manik Saha |
| Kriti Singh Debbarma | (2024-2029) | Manik Saha |
List of BJP's Rajya Sabha M.P.s from North East India
| MP | Term | Under Chief Minister |
| Nabam Rebia | (2020 till date) | Pema Khandu |
| Indramoni Bora | (2001-2007) | Tarun Gogoi |
| Kamakhya Prasad Tasa | (2019-2024) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Sarbananda Sonowal | (2021-2024)) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Biswajit Daimary | (2020-2021) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Bhubaneswar Kalita | (2020 till date) | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| Pabitra Margherita | (2022 till date) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Bhabananda Singh | (2017-2020) | N. Biren Singh |
| Leishemba Sanajaoba | (2020 till date) | N. Biren Singh |
| Biplab Kumar Deb | (2022-2024) | Manik Saha |
| Manik Saha | (2022-2022) | Biplab Kumar Deb |
| Phangnon Konyak | (2022 till date) | Neiphiu Rio |
| Dorjee Tshering Lepcha | (2024 till date) | Prem Singh Tamang |
| Mission Ranjan Das | (2024 till date) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Rameswar Teli | (2024 till date) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Rajib Bhattacharya | (2024 till date) | Manik Saha |

## NEDA coalition in Autonomous district councils

Autonomous district councils operating under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India are shown in bold.
| State/Union Territory | Autonomous Council | Headquarters | Districts / Subdivisions | Formation | Last Election | Ruling Party | Chief Executive |
| Assam | Bodoland | Kokrajhar | Baksa, Chirang, Kokrajhar, Udalguri | 2003 | 2020 | BJP & UPPL & GSP | Pramod Boro |
| Assam | Deori Autonomous Council | Narayanpur | Lakhimpur | 2005 | 2016 | BJP | Madhav Deori |
| Assam | North Cachar Hills/Dima Hasao Autonomous Council | Haflong | Dima Hasao | 1951 | 2019 | BJP | Debolal Gorlosa |
| Assam | Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council | Diphu | Karbi Anglong, West Karbi Anglong | 1952 | 2017 | BJP | Tuliram Ronghang |
| Assam | Moran Autonomous Council | ** | Tinsukia district | 2020 | TBA | TBA | |
| Assam | Mising Autonomous Council | Dhemaji | Dhemaji | 1995 | 2019 | BJP & Sanmilita Gana Shakti | Ranoj Pegu |
| Assam | Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council | Dudhnoi | Kamrup Rural, Goalpara | 1995 | 2019 | BJP & RHJMC | Tankeswar Rabha |
| Assam | Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council | Dibrugarh | | 2005 | 2019 | BJP | TBA |
| Assam | Thengal Kachari Autonomous Council | Titabar | | 2005 | 2016 | BJP | TBA |
| Assam | Tiwa Autonomous Council | Morigaon, Bongaigaon, Dhubri | Kamrup (Metro), Morigaon, Nagaon and Hojai | 1995 | 2020 | BJP | Jiban Chandra Konwar |
| Meghalaya | Garo Hills | Tura | East Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, South Garo Hills, North Garo Hills and South West Garo Hills | 1973 | 2021 | -- | Benedick Marak |
| Meghalaya | Jaintia Hills | Jowai | East Jaintia Hills, West Jaintia Hills | 1973 | 2019 | NPP & UDP | A. H. Darnei |
| Meghalaya | Khasi Hills | Shillong | West Khasi Hills, East Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi | 1973 | 2019 | UDP & NPP | Titosstarwell Chyne |