# Tuao

Tuao, officially the Municipality of Tuao (Ibanag: Ili nat Tuao; Ilocano: Ili ti Tuao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tuao), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,970 people.
Tuao is 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Tuguegarao and 525 kilometres (326 mi) from Manila.

## Etymology

When the early Spanish missionaries were busy laying the foundation of a church late in the 16th century at a site about six kilometers from the present town of Tuao, a big bird came circling over them and then alighted on the wooden cross erected to mark the place where the cornerstone was laid. It flapped its wings noisily, onomatopoetically sounding like "battuao, battuao, battuao" and then flew away.

## History

When the civil authorities founded the town in 1604, the natives insisted that it be called Tuao. Eight years later on May 13, 1612, Tuao was accepted ecclesiastically. Father Miguel de San Jacinto, O.P. gave the town Santos Angeles Custudios (Holy Guardian Angels) as its patron saints.
The early missionaries in Tuao were zealous evangelists and tactful pacifiers of warlike natives. One of them was Father Francisco Capillas, who later became the first martyr in China. The first parish priest, Father Juan B. Cano, O.P. worked patiently with the people. Another missionary, Father Gabriel Serrano, O.P. built a strong brick and mortar church, a rectory (convento) and a fort (cotta) in which the Spaniards and the natives sought refuge every time the town was raided by the Kalingas from the Cordillera ranges. These landmarks were destroyed by a strong earthquake on December 29, 1949.
In protest of abuses committed by Spanish civil officials and soldiers, the inhabitants of Tuao and neighboring Malaueg, rose in revolt in 1718 under Luis Magtangaga and Tomas Sinaguingan. The uprising was put down by Capitan Juan Pablo de Orduna.
During World War II, Tuao was the seat of the provincial resistance government of Governor Marcelo Adduru. The Japanese Forces garrisoned the town when Adduru was captured late in 1943, but Adduru returned shortly after having been freed by the guerillas early in 1944. Donald Blackburn, "assisted by his intelligence officer Lt. Mariano D. Manawis, from the prominent Daquial family who served in the 11th Infantry;";$^{:112–113}$ staged from Tuao, his guerrilla headquarters, attacks against the Japanese in Tuguegarao.$^{:299–302}$

## Geography
### Barangays

Tuao is politically subdivided into 32 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Accusilian
* Alabiao
* Alabug
* Angang
* Bagumbayan
* Barancuag
* Battung
* Bicok
* Bugnay
* Bulagao
* Cagumitan
* Cato
* Centro 1
* Centro 2
* Culong
* Dagupan
* Fugu
* Lakambini
* Lallayug
* Malalinta
* Malummin
* Mambacag
* Mungo
* Naruangan
* Palca
* Pata
* San Juan
* San Luis (Gurengad)
* San Vicente
* Santo Tomas
* Taribubu
* Villa Laida

### Climate

Climate data for Tuao, Cagayan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) | 30 (86) | 32 (90) | 32 (90) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 26 (79) | 30 (85) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 109 (4.3) | 78 (3.1) | 64 (2.5) | 54 (2.1) | 181 (7.1) | 196 (7.7) | 204 (8.0) | 211 (8.3) | 174 (6.9) | 198 (7.8) | 185 (7.3) | 231 (9.1) | 1,885 (74.2) |
| Average rainy days | 17.2 | 13.7 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 21.7 | 23.4 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 21.9 | 17.7 | 18.6 | 20.8 | 231.6 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 7,214 | — |
| 1918 | 9,800 | +2.06% |
| 1939 | 14,228 | +1.79% |
| 1948 | 16,365 | +1.57% |
| 1960 | 23,257 | +2.97% |
| 1970 | 28,757 | +2.14% |
| 1975 | 31,597 | +1.91% |
| 1980 | 36,255 | +2.79% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1990 | 43,926 | +1.94% |
| 1995 | 49,285 | +2.18% |
| 2000 | 53,536 | +1.79% |
| 2007 | 57,154 | +0.91% |
| 2010 | 57,620 | +0.30% |
| 2015 | 61,535 | +1.26% |
| 2020 | 63,970 | +0.77% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, the population of Tuao was 63,970 people, with a density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 780 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Tuao
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2000 49.35
* 2003 38.52
* 2006 32.30
* 2009 22.67
* 2012 17.93
* 2015 15.47
* 2018 11.75
* 2021 10.73
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Government
### Local government

Tuao is part of the third legislative district of the province of Cagayan. It is governed by a mayor, designated as its local chief executive, and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the municipal councilors are elected directly by the people through an election held every three years.
Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Joseph L. Lara |
| Mayor | Francisco N. Mamba Jr. |
| Vice-Mayor | William N. Mamba |
| Councilors | Leonard M. Beltran |
| Councilors | Guillermo A. Sumigad Jr. |
| Councilors | Mayonito R. Fernandez |
| Councilors | Martin M. Soriano |
| Councilors | Jose Pocholo C. Baligod |
| Councilors | Nicanor A. Turingan Jr. |
| Councilors | Arthur G. Taguiam |
| Councilors | Nester Yap |

## Education

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system. The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region. The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout the municipality.