OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Faizur Rahman

Faizur Rahman Ahmed (Bengali: ফয়েজুর রহমান আহমেদ; February 21, 1921 – May 5, 1971) was a police officer during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He was killed by Pakistani military personnel during the war. He was given the Independence Day Award posthumously by the government of Bangladesh in 2017.
He is well known for being the father of veteran Bangladeshi writer Humayun Ahmed.

## Early life

Ahmed was born on February 21, 1921, in Kutubpur village of Netrokona district of Bangladesh, which was then a part of British Empire. His father was a farmer and his mother was a housewife.

## Education and career

There was no school in Rahman's village and he had to move to somewhere else for his primary study. He completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1943. After completing his BA, he joined a primary school as a teacher. He joined the police in 1948. He was posted to Sylhet as a sub-inspector of police and later posted to Dinajpur, Panchagarh, Rangamati, Bandarban, Chittagong, Bogra, Comilla and Pirojpur.
He was promoted to Inspector while he was in Bogra. He was promoted as a Deputy Superintendent of Police and posted to Comilla. He joined as the sub-divisional police officer in Pirojpur which was then a sub-division of East Pakistan and participated in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971. He was also a writer.

## Personal life

Faizur Rahman was married to Ayesha Faiz on February 8, 1944. His first son Humayun Ahmed nicknamed Kajal was born in 1948 in his in-law's house of Mohongonj, Netrokona when he started his career as a police in Sylhet. His first daughter Sufia Haider Shefali, and another son Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, second daughter Momtaz Shahid Shikhu and last son Ahsan Habib were born in Sylhet. His last daughter Rukhsana Ahmed was born in Bandarban.

## Role in Liberation War

Faizur Rahman Ahmed joined as a sub-divisional police officer in Pirojpur. He experienced the disdain of the rulers of West Pakistan after the 1970 Bhola cyclone that affected his area too. Later, when the Pakistan Army cracked down on Bangladeshis in Dhaka on March 25 he decided to join the Bangladesh Liberation War. On March 27, when he heard the declaration of independence by Ziaur Rahman on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he distributed around 200 rifles from the armory of police to the common people as a preparation for the Bangladesh Liberation War.

## Death

Pakistan Army on their arrival at Pirojpur learnt about the stance of Faizur Rahman on Bangladesh Liberation War. They called him in the name of a meeting with the help of some police officials who were supporting the Pakistan Army and shot him dead at the bank of the river Baleshwar on May 5, 1971.
# Satakarni II

Satakarni II (Brahmi script: 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺, Sātakaṇi) was the fourth of the Satavahana kings, who ruled the Deccan region of India. His reign is generally dated to 50-25 BCE. Many scholars claim that Satakarni II didn't exist and hence his reign is disputed.
Satakarni II conquered eastern Malwa from the Shungas or the Kanvas, following the conquest of western Malwa by early Satavahana kings. This allowed him access to the Buddhist site of Sanchi, in which he is credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original Mauryan Empire and Sunga stupas.
According to the Puranic lists of future kings, "137 years after the accession of Chandragupta Maurya, the Sungas will rule for 112 years and then the Kanvayanas for 45 years whose last king Susharman will be killed by the Andhra Simuka". If the accession of Chandragupta Maurya is dated to 324 BCE, then Simuka started to rule 294 years later, in 30 BCE. Simuka is then said to have ruled for 23 years, and his successor Kanha for 18 years, which would give 10 CE for the accession of his successor Satakarni.
A dedicatory inscription under "King Sri Satakarni" at Sanchi is thought to date to the time of Satakarni II. The Siri-Satakani inscription in the Brahmi script records the gift of one of the top architraves of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king Satakarni II:
   𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀲 (Rāño Siri Sātakaṇisa) 𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡𑀺𑀲 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀻𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 (āvesaṇisa vāsitḥīputasa) 𑀆𑀦𑀁𑀤𑀲 𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁 (Ānaṁdasa dānaṁ) "Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni"
The reign of Satakarni II was followed by the collapse of the Satavahana Empire, and the victories of the Western Satraps ruler Nahapana. The Satavahana Empire would later revive under the rule of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
# Tony Tixier

Tony Tixier (born 26 February 1986 in Montreuil, France) is a French jazz pianist.

## Biography

Tony Tixier was born in Montreuil and studied classical piano at the conservatory. He made his first stage appearance at age seven. He studied choral, classical harmony and counterpoint, writing and composition. He obtained his diploma of 12 years of graduation (DFE) musical training with honors and his 14 years of classical piano DFE in Pascal Gallet's class.
In 2009, Tixier signed Parallel Worlds, his first album in septet with bold orchestral writings that defines itself as a laboratory of sounds and climates, perfectly illustrating his clear interest in orchestration and musical research.
In 2012, he joined the SpaceTime Record label for which he recorded the album Dream Pursuit with his quartet featuring Justin Brown, Logan Richardson and Earl Burniss Travis. The album was labeled a "revelation" by Jazz Magazine.
In 2012 he opened for Herbie Hancock at the Jazz En Tete Festival in Clermont-Ferrand with his twin brother, violinist Scott Tixier.
In 2013, he founded the chamber ensemble Moon Paradox for which he composed a concertino for piano and string quintet in seven movements, mixing classical writing with jazz and contemporary music. In addition, he led an intense concert activity in France and abroad.
In 2014, Tony and Scott Tixier starred in commissioned work by the Artist Janet Cardiff. They also improvised and composed the music for this project that was a part of the inaugural program for the Louis Vuitton Foundation Paris (building architect Frank Gehry).
In 2015, he began to play at Radio City Music Hall as the pianist for the NBC TV show America's Got Talent.
In 2016 he played on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and performed in a Tommy Hilfiger campaign with top model Gigi Hadid.
In 2017 Tixier signed as an exclusive Yamaha Artist for Yamaha music corporation.

## Discography

As leader:
* 2006: Fall in Flowers – Tony Tixier Trio
* 2007: Electric Trane – Tony Tixier solo
* 2009: Parallel Worlds – Tony Tixier septet
* 2012: Dream Pursuit (Space Time Records) – Tony Tixier quartet
* 2017: Life of Sensitive Creatures (Whirlwind recordings) – Tony Tixier trio
* 2020: I AM HUMAN (Tixmusic) - Tony Tixier
* 2021: Moonshine (Tixmusic) - T Tixier & D Freiss
As sideman:
* 2007: Roll the Dice (Yvonnick Prene Group)
* 2008: As a Monkey (Donald Devienne Group)
* 2010: Des mots détonent (JLS hip hop)
* 2011: Roz Jeriko (Veronique Hermann Sambin)
* 2013: Hapalemur (Renaud Gensane)
* 2013: Our Journey (Hermon Mehari 'Diverse')
* 2014: Elements (Joachim Govin)
* 2017: Strings (Ryan J Lee)
* 2019: Guardians of the heart machine (Seamus Blake quartet)
* 2019: Scopes (Scopes)
* 2020: Present (Joachim Govin)
* 2020: A Change for The Dreamlike (Hermon Mehari)
* 2020: Wholeness (Ray Colom)
# Nomgon, Ömnögovi

Nomgon (Mongolian: Номгон) is a sum (district) of Ömnögovi Province in southern Mongolia. In 2009, its population was 2,869.
The distance from the center to the border of China is approximately 170 km. The population is about 2,800. It has a school, a hospital, a post-office, a small hotel, and a small shop. The temple (Sangiin Dalai) was built about 300 years ago, with some parts having been repaired and refreshed in more recent years.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into five bags, which are:
* Bogt
* Dersene-Us
* Emgenbulag
* Kharmagtai
* Tukhum

## Geography

Nomgon is the southern most sum of Ömnögovi Province and also the southern most sum in Mongolia.
# Pope v. Illinois

Pope v. Illinois, 481 U.S. 497 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 1987. In this case, the Court held that the "value" prong, which is the third prong of the Miller test established in Supreme Court's 1973 case Miller v. California, must be assessed based on a "reasonable person" standard. In contrast, the Court's decision in Pope reiterated its holding in the 1977 case Smith v. United States that the first and second prongs of the Miller test — "appeal to prurient interest" and "patent offensiveness" — must be decided based on "contemporary community standards".
# Battle of Pullalur

The Battle of Pullalur was fought between the Chalukya king Pulakesin II and the Pallava king Mahendravarman I in the town of Pullalur (or Pollilur) in about 618–19.

## Causes

The rapid expansion of the Chalukya Empire had resulted in the Chalukya annexation of the Vishnukundin kingdom. The Vishnukundins were allies of the Pallavas of Kanchi who were emerging as a major power in the 6th century AD. This embittered the Pallavas against them and a large number of battles were fought.

## Events

In about 617–18, Pulakesin II invaded and annexed Vengi. After his success against Vengi, he proceeded southwards and confining the Pallavas to the area around Kanchi. The Pallava king Mahendravarman I met Pulakesin at the town of Pullalur or Pollilur, about nine miles north of Kanchi. In the ensuing battle, Mahendravarman is believed to have given Pulikesin II a devastating defeat.
The Aihole inscription of Pulakesin II gives a detailed description of the battle
   With his sixfold forces, the hereditary troops and the rest, who raised spotless chowries, hundreds of flags, umbrellas and darkness, who churned the enemy elated with the sentiments of heroism and energy, he caused the splendour of the lord of the Pallavas, who had opposed the rise of his power to be obscured by the dust of his army and to vanish behind the walls of Kanchipura
But Historians contradicts this inscription as not so true as Pallavas are ascending in power and had advanced military than Chalukyas
The Kasakudi plates state:
   Then the earth was ruled by a king called Mahendravarman who annihilated his chief enemies at Pullalura
While Mahendravarman's enemies are not mentioned by name, some historians interpret this edit as a description of Pallava victory over the Chalukyas. However, many feel that a Pallava victory might have been most probable as there are evidences of the Chalukya army's incursions as far south and rapidly retreating after the battle.

## Aftermath

Following this, Pulakesin attacked Kanchi but unable to penetrate the defences of the Pallava capital, he proceeded southwards and tried to ravage the northern and central parts of Tamil Nadu intruding as far as the Kaveri River. Then, after Pallavas and Cholas opposition, unable to accept his submission, Pulakesin II returned to Vatapi.
# Nomonhan Burd Obo

Nomonhan Burd Obo is an obo, a cairn set as a border marker in the Yongzheng period of the Qing dynasty. The Japanese name "Nomonhan Incident" for the Battles of Khalkhin Gol is after the obo. The clashes resulted from the dispute: Japan maintained that the border between Mongolia and China runs along Khalkhin Gol, while Mongolia and the Soviet Union maintained that the border runs 10 to 20 km northwards and passes by the Nomonhan.
# Baixada Santista

The Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista is a metropolitan area located on the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil, with a population of 1.7 million. Its most populous city is Santos.
As an administrative division (Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista), it was created on 30 July 1996. It consists of nine municipalities.
The Baixada Santista is a major tourism region, especially for its numerous beaches. It also features the Port of Santos, the busiest container port in Latin America, and Cubatão, an industrial hub.

## List of municipalities

| Administrative division | Population 2000 Census | Population (2010 Census) |
| Bertioga | 30,039 | 47,572 |
| Cubatão | 108,309 | 118,797 |
| Guarujá | 264,812 | 290,607 |
| Itanhaém | 71,995 | 87,053 |
| Mongaguá | 35,098 | 46,310 |
| Peruíbe | 51,451 | 59,793 |
| Praia Grande | 193,582 | 260,769 |
| Santos | 417,983 | 419.757 |
| São Vicente | 303,551 | 332,424 |
| Baixada Santista (Metropolitan Santos) | 1,476,820 | 1,663,085 |
# East Palatka, Florida

East Palatka is a census-designated place (CDP) in Putnam County, Florida, United States. It is located on the east side of the City of Palatka at the intersection of U.S. Route 17/State Road 20/State Road 100 and the southwestern terminus of State Road 207. The population was 1,573 at the 2020 census, down from 1,654 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Palatka, Florida Micropolitan Statistical Area.
East Palatka is home to the Palatka State Farmer's Market, as well as the Putnam County Fairgrounds.

## Geography

East Palatka is located at 29°39′00″N 81°35′58″W﻿ / ﻿29.650024°N 81.599397°W﻿ / 29.650024; -81.599397.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km$^2$), of which 3.2 square miles (8.3 km$^2$) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km$^2$) (28.89%) is water. East Palatka is drained by the St. Johns River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,707 people, 521 households, and 365 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 532.3 inhabitants per square mile (205.5/km$^2$). There were 594 housing units at an average density of 185.2 per square mile (71.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 59.64% White, 37.26% African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.00% Asian, 0.76% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.40% of the population.
There were 521 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 36.7% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 158.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 175.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,857, and the median income for a family was $46,071. Males had a median income of $31,507 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,478. About 12.6% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.4% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Wyżnica, Lublin Voivodeship

Wyżnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzkowice, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Kraśnik and 46 km (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Ernest Hamilton (lacrosse)

Ernest Samuel Hamilton (April 17, 1883 – December 19, 1964) was a lacrosse player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Canadian team which won the gold medal. He was the father of politician William McLean Hamilton.
On a club level, Hamilton represented the Montreal Lacrosse Club.
Hamilton was also involved with ice hockey, and in April of 1909, he was elected president of the Montreal Hockey Club of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association.
# Henry Savile (died 1558)

Sir Henry Savile (1498/99 – 20 April 1558), of Thornhill, Tankersley, and Elland, Yorkshire, was an English politician.
He was the eldest and only son of Sir John Savile of Thornhill Hall and Tankersley. He succeeded his father in 1505 and was knighted in 1533.
He was a Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1528 to his death, except for a period from 1530 to 1534 when he was removed from the bench. He was appointed High Sheriff of Yorkshire for 1537–38 and 1541–42.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Yorkshire in 1539. He was appointed captain of Pontefract Castle in 1539 and Barnborough Castle, Yorkshire in 1546 and served as member of the Council of the North from 1542 to 1549 and 1552 to his death.
He married Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of Thomas Soothill of Soothill, Yorkshire, with whom he had 2 sons and a daughter. His heir Edward was later found to mentally unbalanced.
# The Vanishing Rider

The Vanishing Rider is a 1928 American silent Western film serial directed by Ray Taylor and featuring William Desmond and Ethlyne Clair. Boris Karloff was also in the cast. The film is now considered to be lost.

## Cast

* William Desmond as Jim Davis / The Vanishing Rider
* Ethlyne Clair as Mary Allen
* Nelson McDowell as Pop Smith
* Bud Osborne as Butch Bradley
* Boris Karloff as The Villain
# Justin Whitlock Dart Sr.

Justin Whitlock Dart Sr. (August 17, 1907 – January 26, 1984) was an American businessman, considered the "boy wonder" of the drug store industry. In college Dart had played football for Northwestern University.

## Biography

He was born on August 17, 1907. He attended Northwestern University, where he played on the football and track and field teams. Dart was an All-American hammer thrower for the track and field team, finishing 3rd in that event at the 1928 NCAA Track and Field Championships.
After marrying Ruth Walgreen, Dart became an executive with his father-in-law's (Charles Walgreen) company, the Walgreens Drugstore chain. At Walgreens, he introduced the concept of placing the pharmacy counter at the back of the drug store, which not only provided privacy for medical concerns, but forced patrons to walk past many items for possible purchase.
Dart divorced his first wife, Ruth Walgreen, and left the Walgreen company shortly after. In 1943, Dart took control of the Boston-based United Drug Company. The chain operated under the Liggett, Owl, Sonta, and Rexall brands. Soon, Dart rebranded the stores under the Rexall name. After 35 years, Dart sold his stake in Rexall in 1978. Not long afterwards, he said "I would like my retirement and death to be simultaneous." During these years, Dart had acquired stakes in Avon, West Bend Housewares, Duracell, Ralph Wilson Plastics, Archer Glass and Hobart, which were collectively known as Dart Industries.
In 1980, Dart sold his company to Kraft Industries. Although Dart Industries never owned Avon, it was the former parent company to Tupperware Home Parties. Dart Industries merged with Kraft Foods.

## Death

Dart died from congestive heart failure in 1984, aged 76.

## Presidential Medal of Freedom

Dart received the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1987.

## Family

Dart and his second wife, former actress Jane Bryan (1918–2009), were married on New Year's Eve in 1939, and remained married until his death in 1984. The couple had three children. Dart and Bryan were staunch Republicans and helped convince their close friend, former California Governor Ronald Reagan, to run for the presidency of the United States in 1980.
His son by his first marriage, Justin Whitlock Dart Jr. was an advocate for the disabled. In 1989, Dart Jr. was appointed by President George H. W. Bush to the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities. Dart Jr. also helped pass the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; he died in 2002 of complications related to polio.
# Halzoun

Halzoun (Arabic:حلزون) is the local name of a buccopharyngeal infection occurring in Lebanon, probably caused by Dicrocoelium dendriticum but also attributed to Fasciola hepatica* and Linguatula serrata, a member of pentastomida larvae. The parasite wanders into the throat of the human host after ingestion of infected raw liver or lymph nodes from sheep or goats. The word Halzoun means "Snail" in Arabic.
Halzoun is considered to be a form of infection with Fasciola, whereby ingestion of infected raw sheep and goat livers may result in the attachment of adult living worms by their suckers to the pharyngeal mucosa causing edema of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx. This edema is accompanied by dyspnea (shortness of breath) and occasionally asphyxia.
# Cadmium iodide

Cadmium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdI$_2$. It is a white hygroscopic solid. It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate. It has few applications. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX$_2$ with strong polarization effects.

## Preparation

Cadmium iodide is prepared by the addition of cadmium metal, or its oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to hydroiodic acid. Also, the compound can be made by heating cadmium with iodine.

## Applications

Historically, cadmium iodide was used as a catalyst for the Henkel process, a high-temperature isomerisation of dipotassium phthalate to yield the terephthalate. The salt was then treated with acetic acid to yield potassium acetate and commercially valuable terephthalic acid.
While uneconomical compared to the production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, the Henkel method has been proposed as a potential route to produce terephthalic acid from furfural. As existing Bio-PET is still reliant on petroleum as a source of p-xylene, the Henkel process could theoretically offer a completely bioplastic route to polyethylene terephthalate.

## Crystal structure

In cadmium iodide the iodide anions form a hexagonal closely packed arrangement while the cadmium cations fill all of the octahedral sites in alternate layers. The resultant structure consists of a layered lattice. This same basic structure is found in many other salts and minerals. Cadmium iodide is mostly ionically bonded but with partial covalent character.
Cadmium iodide's crystal structure is the prototype on which the crystal structures of many other compounds can be considered to be based. Compounds with any of the following characteristics tend to adopt the CdI$_2$ structure:
* Iodides of moderately polarising cations; bromides and chlorides of strongly polarising cations
* Hydroxides of dications, i.e. compounds with the general formula M(OH)$_2$
* Sulfides, selenides and tellurides (chalcogenides) of tetracations, i.e. compounds with the general formula MX$_2$, where X = S, Se, Te
# Herbert Fritz Jr.

Herbert Fritz Jr. (1915–1998) was an American architect. He designed several hundred residences and commercial buildings in the Madison, Wisconsin area or elsewhere in Wisconsin and the nation. He had a "distinctly personal modernist sensibility that was strongly influenced by the organic architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright." He was an apprentice to Frank Lloyd Wright from 1938 until 1941.
Fritz was born in 1915 in Sioux City, Iowa. His father Herbert Fritz Sr. was an architectural draftsman who met Mary Larson, his wife and Herbert Fritz Jr.'s mother, while working in the offices of Frank Lloyd Wright at Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Mary Larson was daughter of stonemason Alfred Larson. His younger sister Frances Marie Fritz Caraway (1918–2009) was also a noted architect.
In 1952 he designed the Prof. Philip M. and Marian Raup House, at 2908 Oxford Road in Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture, within College Hills Historic District. Additionally, he helped design the Dr. Charles and Judith Heidelberger House, which is also listed on the register.
In 1972 he designed the Telemark Lodge in Cable, Wisconsin, home to the American Birkebeiner. The building was demolished in 2021 due to declining patronage and irreparable damage.
There was a different Herb Fritz (1950–2014), also an architect, who served on Tulsa's historic preservation commission from 1992 to 2007.