# Glencoe, Illinois

Glencoe (/ˈɡlɛnˌkoʊ/) is a lakefront village in northeastern Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,849. Glencoe is part of Chicago's North Shore and one of the wealthiest communities in Illinois. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Glencoe was $228,750 in 2022.

## History

Opinions differ about the origins of the village's name. Some attribute it to an early resident, Matthew Coe. Others say it is named for the area of Scotland of the same name. It developed in the late 19th century around a railroad stop. Former Chicago mayor Walter S. Gurnee had become president of the line connecting Chicago and Milwaukee, and often bought up and developed land around railroad stops. Thus, one historian believes the name derives from the maiden name of Gurnee's wife, since Gurnee bought the land in 1867 and began subdivision, although financial problems prevented him from building a home there and he returned to New York for his final years. The village's first seal was based on the seal of Glencoe, Scotland.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many elegant homes were built in Glencoe. Most notably, the village is home to the world's third largest collection of Frank Lloyd Wright structures: the Ravine Bluff subdivision contains seven houses, a concrete bridge and three sculptural markers. There are also two larger, individually built homes, located nearby Ravine Bluffs. In addition to Wright, there are houses designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw, David Adler, Robert E. Seyfarth and George Washington Maher, among others.
Glencoe has had an African American population since almost immediately after the Village's 1869 incorporation.[Images of America, Glencoe Illinois, Ellen Kettler Paseltiner and Ellen Schubert for the Glencoe Historical Society p. 8]. Many in the Black and Italian community lived within a five-square block area near what is now Vernon Avenue from Washington to Jackson streets. Homes in this area were close together in accordance with the city planner's 20-foot wide alleys. In 1920 the city of Glencoe condemned these properties to clear land for a park.[Glencoe Historical Society Exhibition]
In 1920 the African American community in Glencoe grew to 676 residents. The African American population in 1930 numbered 313 members and 176 in the 2000 census.
Homer Wilson was the first Black property owner in Glencoe. He went on to mortgage his home to found the St. Paul AME Church which is still active in Glencoe under the leadership of Katrese Kirk McKenzie. Glencoe beaches were not integrated until 1942 when a court injunction allowed the sale of beach passes for the (formerly white-only) Park Avenue beach to the family that requested them, A.L. Foster, his wife, Mildred and their two sons who lived at 379 Jefferson.
Glencoe has a Village Manager form of government. It had one of the first public safety departments (combined police/fire/paramedic). In 1921 Glencoe adopted the first zoning code in Illinois. Its land-use plan, adopted in 1940, has been adhered to with minor changes since then. For example, eminent domain law was used to condemn homes of the Black and Italian residents to make way for a new park next to South School. The allowed uses outlined on the 1940 zoning map is predominantly a single-family residential area, with no industrial uses. It has a small cohesive central business district that provides most basic services, including post office, library, Village Hall, performing arts theatre, train station (to Chicago), and other shopping needs.

## Geography

According to ford Cohen census gazetteer files, Glencoe has a total area of 3.78 square miles (9.79 km$^2$), of which 3.72 square miles (9.63 km$^2$) (or 98.39%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$) (or 1.61%) is water.
Glencoe is located on the west side of Lake Michigan. It is separated from wells and suburbs to the north and west by more than 1,200 acres (490 ha) of the Cook County Forest Preserve natural forest area. Three golf clubs also buffer it, with the private Lake Shore Country Club on the north, the public Glencoe Golf Club (operated by the village of Glencoe) on the northwest, and the private Skokie Country Club on the west.
The village is surrounded on three sides by upper-income communities, with Highland Park on the north, Northbrook on the west, and Winnetka to the south. The Skokie Lagoons are located in the forest preserve to the immediate west of the village. The same forest preserve has a bicycle trail that connects to other forest preserves to the south. In the village, the Green Bay Trail allows bicyclists to travel as far south as Wilmette and north past Lake Forest. The highest point of elevation in Glencoe is 690 feet (210 m) above sea level along Green Bay Road in the northern part of the village.

### Southern boundary

Glencoe's southern border with Winnetka cuts through 58 homes, forcing homeowners to pay taxes to and seek permits from both villages. The two villages began discussing a solution in 1920s, reaching a tentative agreement in 2007 in which each homeowner could choose a village from which to receive services while the boundary officially remained unchanged. Initially, 46 homeowners chose Winnetka, but the others had the option to choose a village later. The boundary was later updated to reflect these choices.

## Education

Glencoe School District 35 is an elementary school district based in Glencoe. All schools are located within Glencoe boundaries.
Glencoe is a part of New Trier Township High School District, which maintains campuses in the neighboring communities of Northfield (for freshmen) and Winnetka (for grades 10th to 12th).

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 8,849 people, 3,302 households, and 2,563 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,341.62 inhabitants per square mile (904.10/km$^2$). There were 3,176 housing units at an average density of 840.43 per square mile (324.49/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 87.3% White, 1.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 4.3% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.
There were 3,302 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.96% were married couples living together, 5.33% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.38% were non-families. 21.11% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 2.67.
The village's age distribution consisted of 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 14.1% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $195,600, and the median income for a family was $250,001. Males had a median income of $136,111 versus $66,384 for females. The per capita income for the village was $121,589, placing Glencoe among the 20 wealthiest communities in the United States.
Glencoe village, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 8,239 | 8,024 | 7,635 | 94.03% | 91.99% | 86.28% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 176 | 105 | 92 | 2.01% | 1.20% | 1.04% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 4 | 5 | 8 | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.09% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 147 | 234 | 377 | 1.68% | 2.68% | 4.26% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.01% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 9 | 13 | 38 | 0.10% | 0.15% | 0.43% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 79 | 109 | 327 | 0.90% | 1.25% | 3.70% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 108 | 232 | 372 | 1.23% | 2.66% | 4.20% |
| Total | 8,762 | 8,723 | 8,849 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

## Arts and culture
### Points of interest

* Chicago Botanic Garden
* Cook County Forest Preserves
* Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Sylvan Road Bridge (concrete) (1915 design)
* Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Ravine Bluffs Subdivision entry light/planter monuments at Sylvan/Franklin and at Franklin/Meadow (circa 1915)
* North Shore Congregation Israel synagogue designed by Minoru Yamasaki
* Glencoe Metra station (circa 1891)
* Glencoe Sailing Beach
* Skokie Lagoons
* Am Shalom Synagogue
* St. Paul A.M.E. Church
* Writers Theatre
* Glencoe Historical Society
* Glencoe Beach

### Library

Glencoe is served by the Glencoe Public Library. The original library was located in the former Hawthorne School. A new library opened in 1941.

## Media

Local media covering news in Glencoe include The Glencoe Anchor, Winnetka-Glencoe Patch, TribLocal and Pioneer Press. The Free Press, a social scientific book publisher, was founded in Glencoe in 1947; it was sold and moved to New York City in 1960.

### Filming location

* Scenes from the films Ferris Bueller's Day Off and Sixteen Candles were filmed in Glencoe.
* The Glencoe train station is featured in scenes from Flags of Our Fathers and She's Having a Baby.
* The 2011 film Contagion has scenes filmed in Glencoe.

## Transportation

The Glencoe station provides Metra commuter rail service along the Union Pacific North Line. Trains travel south to Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago, and north to Kenosha station. Pace provides bus service on Route 213 connecting Glencoe to destinations across the North Shore.

## Notable people

* Curt Anderson Maryland legislator, grew up in Glencoe
* Michael Bloomfield, blues musician/guitarist/composer, lived in Glencoe
* Leo Burnett, advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Company
* Carl B. Camras, ophthalmologist known for his research on the treatment of glaucoma, was born in Glencoe
* Marshall Chess, record producer, lived in Glencoe
* Ann Compton, former news reporter and White House correspondent for ABC News Radio; grew up in Glencoe
* Douglas Conant, CEO of the Campbell Soup Company; grew up in Glencoe
* Bruce Dern, actor
* Nick Foles, quarterback for the Chicago Bears; resided in Glencoe from 2020 to 2022
* Paris Grey, singer ("Big Fun (song)"); ("Good Life (Inner City song)");(Inner City)
* Brian Griese, quarterback for the Chicago Bears; lived in Glencoe briefly
* Granville D. Hall, early and longtime village clerk, journalist, former president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and first Secretary of State of West Virginia
* Rick Hahn, Chicago White Sox general manager, lives in Glencoe
* Charles Henry Howard, Brevet Brigadier General for the Union Army during the American Civil War; was also the head of the school board at Central School, and was the first president of the New Trier High School school board; was President of the Village of Glencoe from 1891 to 1892
* Walter Jacobson, former Chicago television news personality and a current Chicago radio news personality; grew up in Glencoe
* Frank King, cartoonist (Gasoline Alley); lived in Glencoe
* Eric Lefkofsky, billionaire entrepreneur, private equity investor, and venture capitalist; co-founder of Groupon; resides in Glencoe
* Zoe Levin, actress and star of Bonding, moved to Glencoe when she was 11.
* John Lippman, television executive and the acting director of Voice of America
* Khalil Mack, linebacker for the Chicago Bears; resided in Glencoe from 2018 to 2021
* Archibald MacLeish, poet; three-time Pulitzer Prize winner; Librarian of Congress (1939–1944); provides ongoing inspiration to the Men's Library Club (MLC); born in Glencoe
* Newton N. Minow, former Chair of the Federal Communications Commission
* Harold Ramis, comedian, actor, and director (Ghostbusters, Groundhog Day, Caddyshack)
* Betty Robinson, Olympic gold medalist; former fastest woman in the world; lived in Glencoe
* Ben Savage, actor (Boy Meets World); lived in Glencoe as a child
* Fred Savage, actor and director (The Wonder Years, The Princess Bride); lived in Glencoe as a child
* Robert Shea, co-author of the Illuminatus! trilogy.
* James Simpson Jr., Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
* Gene Siskel, film critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune
* Ellen Spertus, former research scientist at Google, grew up in Glencoe
* Melville Elijah Stone, newspaper publisher, founder of the Chicago Daily News, general manager of the Associated Press
* Kenneth S. Suslick, the world's leading expert on the chemical and physical effects of ultrasound; grew up in Glencoe
* Lili Taylor, actress (Mystic Pizza, I Shot Andy Warhol, Six Feet Under); born in Glencoe
* Paul Thomas (director) (aka Phil Toubus) actor, director
* Mike Tomczak, quarterback for the Chicago Bears; lived in Glencoe
* Scott Turow, bestselling author; lived in Glencoe
* Peter Van de Graaff, singer and radio personality; grew up in Glencoe
* James Wilkerson, Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

## In popular culture

* Glencoe in the 1970s and 1980s is recalled as the backdrop of the coming-of-age memoir Lake Effect, by author Rich Cohen. This introduced his "Jamie Drew" character, based on exploits of his fellow native Mark Varouxakis.
* The plot of the film Mean Girls is set in Evanston on Chicago's North Shore. It refers to Glencoe in the quote "You go Glen-Coco".
* Glencoe was the stated setting for the 1983 film Risky Business, starring Tom Cruise. The movie was filmed in neighboring Highland Park.