OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louisville, Illinois

Louisville (/ˈluːɪsvɪl/ LOO-iss-vil) is a village in and the county seat of Clay County, Illinois, United States, along the Little Wabash River. The population was 1,136 at the 2020 census.

## History

The village was named for the Lewis family of settlers.

### Grand Army of the Republic

The Grand Army of the Republic had a post known as the Louisville Post, No. 249 with the post name of William J. Stephenson. The post received its charter May 18, 1883.

## Geography

Louisville is located near the center of Clay County at 38°46′17″N 88°30′23″W﻿ / ﻿38.77139°N 88.50639°W﻿ / 38.77139; -88.50639 (38.771356, -88.506301). U.S. Route 45 passes through the village, leading north 25 miles (40 km) to Effingham and south 8 miles (13 km) to Flora.
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Louisville has a total area of 0.83 square miles (2.15 km$^2$), all land. The Little Wabash River flows past the east side of the village.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 1,136 people, 527 households, and 252 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,371.98 inhabitants per square mile (529.72/km$^2$). There were 486 housing units at an average density of 586.96 per square mile (226.63/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 93.22% White, 0.18% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 2.38% from other races, and 3.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.26% of the population.
There were 527 households, out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.86% were married couples living together, 11.95% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.18% were non-families. 47.82% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.94% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 1.96.
The village's age distribution consisted of 18.5% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $35,298, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $38,507 versus $22,109 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,773. About 17.5% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Bailey Zimmerman, country artist
* Tom Richardson, pinch hitter for the St. Louis Browns; born in Louisville
* John Riley Tanner, governor of Illinois January 11, 1897 – January 14, 1901; home and farm in Louisville
* Andy Haines Hitting Coach for the Pittsburgh Pirates
# Tommy Griffith

Thomas Herman Griffith (October 26, 1889 – April 13, 1967) was an American professional baseball player from 1913 to 1925. He was a right fielder who mainly played with the Cincinnati Reds and Brooklyn Robins. While with these teams he never hit below .250 and had over 100 hits in a season eight times.
Griffith, who was born in Prospect, Ohio, also played briefly for the Boston Braves and Chicago Cubs.
In 1401 games played, Griffith recorded .280 batting average (1383–4947) with 589 runs, 52 home runs and 619 RBI over a 13-year major-league career. His on-base percentage was .328 and slugging percentage was .382. He appeared in the 1920 World Series, batting .190 (4-21) with one run scored and three RBI for the Brooklyn Robins. Griffith achieved three 5-hit games in his MLB career, all as a member of the Robins and surpassed the .300 batting mark three times. His career fielding percentage as an outfielder was .956.
He died in Cincinnati, Ohio.
# Uttar Pradesh Football Sangh

The Uttar Pradesh Football Sangh (abbr: UPFS) is the governing body of football in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It operates the Uttar Pradesh football team. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation. The UPFS sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Senior Women's National Football Championship.

## Competitions
### Men's

* Uttar Pradesh Super League (proposed)
# Joel Quarrington

Joel Andrew Quarrington CM (born January 15, 1955) is a Canadian double bass player, soloist and teacher. He is the former Principal Double Bass of the London Symphony Orchestra.

## Career

He was born in Toronto, Ontario, and began playing the double bass at the age of eleven in order to complete a bluegrass trio with his brothers, Paul Quarrington and Tony Quarrington. At the age of thirteen, he began to study with Thomas Monohan, who was at the time the principal bassist of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. After he received a degree in music from the University of Toronto, he went on to Austria and Italy to study under two renowned double bass pedagogues, respectively Ludwig Streicher and Franco Petracchi.
Quarrington has won numerous music competitions, including first prize in the CBC talent festival in 1976, and second prize in the Geneva International Music Competition in 1978 (first prize was not awarded that year). He played as principal bass with the Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra between 1979 and 1988, and the Canadian Opera Company between 1989 and 1991, and then proceeded to become principal bass of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Since September 2006, he has been the Principal Bass of the National Arts Centre Orchestra and he became Principal Bass of the London Symphony Orchestra in 2013.
Quarrington plays on a 1630 Giovanni Paolo Maggini double bass, and is well known for his unusual practice of tuning his bass in intervals of fifths, like a cello, but an octave lower.
His wife is cellist Carole Sirois who has played in the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, the Toronto Symphony and the National Arts Centre Orchestra and is presently a professor at the Conservatoire de Musique in Montreal.
Joel Quarrington teaches at the University of Ottawa and is a Visiting Artist at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Throughout his career, Quarrington has been active in commissioning new works for Double Bass. A notable commission in 1997 was for Raymond Luedeke's Concerto for Double Bass and Orchestra.
He was appointed as a Member of the Order of Canada in 2023. He currently resides in Hatley, Quebec (township).
# NGC 1744

NGC 1744 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Lepus. The galaxy lies about 30 million light years away from Earth based on redshift independent methods, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1744 is approximately 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on November 20, 1835.

## Characteristics

NGC 1744 has a narrow bright bar with many knots measuring 1.3 by 0.3 arcminutes across. The spiral arm pattern is asymmetric. The arms have many star forming regions visible in H-alpha. The north and west arms host many HII regions, while the short southeastern arm has a single giant one. Star forming regions are visible along the faint and diffuse arm running from north of the bar southwards. The galaxy is seen with an inclination of 70°.
The appearance of the galaxy in ultraviolet is similar, with open arms and star forming regions. Hydrogen line emission is diffuse, with no discernible spiral pattern although there are some clumps at the locations of large star forming regions, and appears undisturbed. The total hydrogen mass of the galaxy is estimated to be (7.6±0.2)×10$^9$ M$_☉$, with no hydrogen emission outside the plane of the disk.
The galaxy has a steep metallicity gradient, probably caused by the presence of the bar, and enhanced star formation there. The total star formation rate is estimated to be 0.15 M$_☉$ per year.
In the nucleus lies a nuclear star cluster which is 3.3 arcseconds across.

## Nearby galaxies

NGC 1744 forms a non interacting pair with ESO 486-G021, which lies 58 arcminutes away, which at the distance of NGC 1744 corresponds to a projected distance about 200 kpc (650,000 light years). NGC 1744 has been considered a member of the LGG 127 Group, which also includes NGC 1792 and NGC 1808.

## Gallery

* NGC 1744 by the Liverpool Telescope
* NGC 1744 by the Hubble Space Telescope
* NGC 1744 in ultraviolet by GALEX
# Wojciechów-Kolonia

Wojciechów-Kolonia (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szastarka, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Police Wala

Policewala is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age action thriller film directed by Sikander Bharti and produced by Sundeep Kumar. This movie was released under the banner of Sandeep Films.

## Plot

Honest and dutiful Police officer Rakesh was murdered by a mafia boss. Rakaes's son Jimmi joins in the police force and becomes an undercover cop. He acted as an inmate and infiltrates into the gang of criminals to collect evidence against Mafia bosses. There are three top notorious leaders in the city who had killed Jimmi's father. Police arrest two of them, Tejeswar and Ranu, by the secret help of Jimmi. But the third one knows Jimmi is actually a CBI officer in plain clothes.

## Cast

* Chunky Pandey as CBI Officer Jagmohan / Jimmy
* Sonam as Meenakshi
* Vinod Mehra as Inspector Prabhakar / Smuggler (Double Role)
* Shakti Kapoor as Rajendra Chakravarty / Ronu Dada
* Kiran Kumar as Tejeshwar Chaudhary
* Amjad Khan as Judge
* Om Shivpuri as Police Commissioner
* Parikshat Sahni as Inspector Rakesh
* Anjana Mumtaz as Mrs. Rakesh
* Viju Khote as Police Inspector
* Tej Sapru
* Gurbachan Singh as Shera
* Ishrat Ali as John
* Mac Mohan as Micheal
* Sudhir as Daniel
* Arun Bakshi as Train Passenger
# Calder Park railway station

Calder Park station is a currently proposed station on Metro Trains Melbourne’s Sunbury line in Melbourne. The station will be located next to Calder Park Drive and adjacent to the Calder Park Raceway.

## History

As part of the construction of the Bendigo line during the 1850s, a railway station was built nearby at Holden Road and was named Holden. However it closed only a year after opening in 1860. The area around Calder Park remained unbuilt on until 1962 when the Calder Park Raceway was built.
The surrounding area began to be gazetted and developed beginning in the 1970s with the suburbs of Taylors Lakes and Keilor North being built around the area. As a result of the urbanisation the St Albans line was extended to Sydenham in 2002 and Sunbury in 2012 As a result of the electrification to Sunbury provision was left in the overhead structures for a station next to Calder Park Drive. Ever since there have been numerous promises for a station at the location

## Platforms and Services

Calder Park will feature 2 side platforms
* Platform 1
Sunbury line Services to Flinders Street
* Platform 2
Sunbury line Services to Sunbury
# Natalena Koroleva

Carmen-Alfonsa-Fernanda-Estrella-Natalena Koroleva (3 March 1888 – 1 July 1966) was a Ukrainian writer.
The daughter of Count Adrian Yurii Dunin-Borkovsky, of Polish descent, and Maria Clara de Castro Lacerda, from an aristocratic Spanish family, she was born Carmen-Alfonsa-Fernanda-Estrella-Natalena Dunin-Borkowska in San Pedro de Cardeña near Burgos, Spain. Her mother died while giving birth to her. Koroleva grew up in Spain, Ukraine, France and Italy. She was educated at the Convent of Notre Dame du Sion in France, the Kyiv Institute for Noble Maidens and the Archeological Institute in Saint Petersburg. She studied history, archaeology, philosophy, medicine and music theory and was fluent in a number of languages including French, Polish, Spanish, Arabic and Italian. Koroleva participated in archaeological expeditions to Pompeii, Alexandria, Armenia and Iran.
Her first work, written in French, was published in journals in Paris in 1909. She returned to Kyiv in 1914 because her father was ill. She served as a Red Cross nurse during World War I and was seriously wounded. In 1919, she moved to Czechoslovakia, where she worked as a translator for the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Prague.. In 1921, she published her first Ukrainian work, a short story, in the Ukrainian-language weekly Volia in Vienna. Her stories were published in various Ukrainian-language publications, especially Dzvony. She also translated works by other authors into Ukrainian.
Her first husband Iskander ibn Kurush was an Iranian serving in the Russian army who died in battle in 1915. Later, in Prague, she married Vasyl Koroliv-Stary, a Ukrainian writer and publisher; he died in 1941.
During her lifetime, she was criticized because her plots and characters were often abstract and did not reflect Ukrainian reality. Now, she is recognized for her unique contributions to Ukrainian literature.
She died in Mělník at the age of 78.

## Selected work

Source:
* Vo dni ony ("Once upon a Time"), stories (1935)
* 1913, novella (1935)
* Inakshyi svit ("A Different World"), stories (1936)
* Bez korinnia ("Without Roots"), autobiographical novella (1936)
* Son tini ("A Dream of a Shadow"), historical novel (1938)
* Legendy starokyïvs’ki ("Ancient Kyivan Legends"(, stories, 2 solumves (1942–3)
* Predok ("An Ancestor"), historical novella (1961)
* Quid est veritas, historical novella (1961)
* Bez korinnia, collected works (2007)
* Tvory ("Works"), collected works (2010)
# Bitch Wars

The Bitch Wars, or Suka Wars (Russian: сучьи войны, romanized: suchyi voyny or in singular: Russian: сучья война, romanized: suchya voyna) were armed confrontations occurred in the Soviet Gulag labor-camp system between 1945 and 1953. The battles took place between groups of prisoners who agreed to collaborate with administration of labor camps and prisons ("Bitches") and "honest" criminals who followed a "thief's code" that prohibited any collaboration with the prison authorities. In this conflict rival sides were often identified by the system of tattoos common in Soviet prisons at the time.

## Background

The Russian word suka (Russian: сука, literally "bitch") has a different negative connotation than its English equivalent. In Russian criminal argot, it specifically refers to a person from the criminal world who has "made oneself a bitch" (Russian: ссучился, romanized: ssuchilsya) by cooperating in any way with law enforcement or with the government. Within the Soviet prison system, a social structure had existed since the Imperial era; one of its most important tenets decreed that members not serve or collaborate with the Tsarist (and later, Soviet) government. This rule encompassed all types of collaboration and not just "snitching" or "ratting out". It included simple communication, seeking emergency help from any authority figures, even factory foremen.

## Second World War

As the Second World War progressed, Joseph Stalin offered many prisoners a pardon or sentence reduction at war's end in exchange for military service. After the war ended, many of those who had taken up the offer returned to prisons and labor camps, but were declared suki and placed at the lower end of the unofficial prisoner hierarchy. As a result, they sought to survive by collaborating with prison officials, in return getting some of the better jobs in the prison.
This led to an internal prison war between the so-called suki and the Russian criminal underground led by "Thieves in Law". Many prisoners died in the Bitch War, but prison authorities turned a blind eye.
By the end of the 1940s, a large influx in suki with previous combat experience began to weaken the dominance of the thieves in law, who found them to be more willing and able to fight back attempts to rob them than the intellectuals and political prisoners they had dealt with before. Large battles broke out between the suki and the thieves in law, with prison authorities sometimes arming the suki to break the hierarchy of the thieves in law. By the early 1950s, the suki had generally won the Bitch Wars, leading to a shift in Russian prison culture towards the tolerance of cooperation with prison authorities.
# Caligus curtus

Caligus curtus is a sea louse species. It is a parasite of the Atlantic cod.
# Kish Air Flight 707

Kish Air Flight 707 was a scheduled passenger flight operated by Kish Air on a Boeing 707 aircraft. The flight was en route from Tehran to Kish Island in the Persian Gulf on September 19, 1995, when it was hijacked. The incident occurred shortly after takeoff from Tehran, when a disgruntled flight attendant, Reza Jabbari, armed with a pistol, took control of the aircraft.

## Hijacking Details

The aircraft, originally destined for Kish Island, departed Tehran at approximately 9 a.m. About ninety minutes into the flight, the passengers were informed via loudspeaker that the flight had been hijacked. The destination of the aircraft was not immediately disclosed. The hijacker, Reza Jabbari, an Iranian man in his 30s, expressed dissatisfaction with life in Iran as his motive for the hijacking. Although he initially sought asylum in the United States, he later changed his request to remain in Israel.
As fuel levels began to dwindle, the pilot requested landing permissions from both Saudi Arabia and Jordan, but these requests were denied. Subsequently, the aircraft headed towards Israel. Jordan's King Hussein reportedly informed Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of the aircraft's approach.

## Landing in Israel

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, deviating from standard Israeli policy against aiding hijacked aircraft, authorized the plane's landing to prevent a potential crash. The aircraft was redirected to Ovda Airbase in the Negev Desert, away from densely populated areas due to concerns about possible explosives on board. Upon landing, the hijacker surrendered after approximately an hour.
Passengers disembarked to find themselves in Israel, which they recognized by the Hebrew signage at the airbase. Israeli military personnel provided them with meals and refreshments. Five passengers sought asylum in Israel, while the remainder were expected to return to Iran the following day.

## Political Repercussions

The hijacking quickly became a topic of political discourse. Some members of the Knesset suggested leveraging the situation to obtain information about Ron Arad, an Israeli navigator who had been captured in Lebanon in 1986, by pro-Iranian guerrillas. Arad's mother, Batya, arrived at Ovda Airbase and took the opportunity to draw attention to her son's captivity. She was seen placing "Free Ron Arad" stickers on the hijacked plane and unfurling a large banner at its base that read, "Please release Ron Arad."
Meanwhile, Iran's Islamic Republic News Agency condemned the hijacking as an Israeli conspiracy and demanded the immediate return of the aircraft, passengers, and the hijacker.

## Aftermath

On September 20, the hijacked aircraft returned to Tehran with all passengers and crew on board, except for Jabbari. Among them were the five passengers who were reported to have requested asylum. Reza Jabbari requested asylum and declared his intention to convert to Judaism. He was sentenced to eight years in Israeli prison but served four years before being granted asylum and remaining in Israel. Jabbari eventually became an Israeli citizen and converted to Judaism.
# ICL Group Ltd.

ICL Group Ltd. (Hebrew: איי.סי. אל. גרופ בע"מ) (formerly Israel Chemicals Ltd., ICL) is a multi-national manufacturing concern that develops, produces and markets fertilizers, metals and other special-purpose chemical products. ICL serves primarily three markets: agriculture, food and engineered materials. ICL produces approximately a third of the world's bromine, and is the world's sixth-largest potash producer. It is a manufacturer of specialty fertilizers and specialty phosphates, flame retardants and water treatment solutions.
ICL is majority controlled by the Israel Corporation, one of the largest Israeli conglomerates. In addition to the Dead Sea Works, Israel Chemicals mines phosphates in the Negev desert.
ICL Group serves customers in Asia.
The company's share is a dual stock traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange since 1991 and on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ICL, and is part of the Tel Aviv 35 Index.

## Operations and business

90% of ICL's sales are exports. Through its subsidiaries, ICL produces 35% of world's bromine, 13% of the world's potash (excluding US-Canada cross-border trade), 9% of the western world's magnesium and 3% of the world's phosphate rock, (excluding US-Canada cross-border trade).
ICL exports fertilizers to Europe and to numerous specialty chemical market segments. In Israel, ICL is the largest supplier of fertilizers and chemicals, as well as one of Israel's largest companies.
60% of ICL's raw products (minerals) are excavated in Israel. ICL also owns and operates underground mines in Spain, United Kingdom (North Yorkshire), China, the United States and South America. Also, in Ethiopia at Danakil mine, Afar Regional State, purchased from Allana Potash Corporation.

### Polysulphate

Polysulphate is a brand name for polyhalite fertilizer products produced for farming, turf, and horticulture. The only mined source is a polyhalite seam that lies 150–170 m (490–560 ft) beneath the potash seam at Boulby Mine, England.

### Food business

ICL is active in the market for plant-based meat alternatives and invested $20 million in October 2019 to expand its manufacturing capacity and R&D base.
In December 2021, ICL announced the grand opening of a 10,000 square foot alternative protein production facility in St. Louis, Missouri, previously owned by Bayer.

### Lithium iron phosphate

ICL began developing a new plant in St. Louis to process lithium iron phosphate in 2023. In 2024, ICL received US federal infrastructure grant funds to build a larger plant in north St. Louis.

### White phosphorus

ICL supplies White phosphorus munition to the United States Armed Forces and commercial customers. The largest production facility is in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, as a collaboration with Pine Bluff Arsenal, ICL, and Bayer.

## Financials

In April 2009, the company was said to be considering a bond offering to raise 500 million shekels ($122 million).
ICL announced in September 2018 that it was launching a tender to buy back $800 million worth of 4.5 percent debt due in 2024 sold to bondholders in 2014. The bonds of the new offer are running for 20 to 30 years.
# Niels Toller

Niels Toller (1592 – 8 January 1642) was a Danish-born merchant who settled in Norway and became the wealthiest person in Christiania.

## Biography

Niels Toller was born in Haderslev, in Southern Jutland, Denmark. He first arrived in Norway in 1620 and quickly began to establish itself as a businessman, and received citizenship in 1621. He became part of a network of enterprising merchants from Haderslev, which also included Hans Stockfleth and Johan Garmann. After a devastating fire in 1624, King Christian IV ordered the old city of Oslo to be moved closer to the fortification of Akershus Castle and also renamed it to Christiania. Niels Toller achieved monopoly on the trade in Old Oslo, and had favourable agreements with the Crown's sawmills along Akerselva. In time, he operated a shipping and lumber export business. He also owned two of the 32 shares of the Kongsberg Silver Mines. He owned the site of Oslo Ladegård and from 1629 he served as Mayor of Christiania.
Niels Toller, d.e. (the elder) was the father of Niels Toller, d.y. (the younger) (c.1624–1676) who served as assessor for Overhoffretten, the highest court in Norway from 1667-1797. His grandchildren included Karen Toller (1662–1742).
# Wojcieszyn, Lublin Voivodeship

Wojcieszyn (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełżyce, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.