OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann

New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 (1932), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.

## Facts

The New State Ice Company, which was properly licensed in by the Corporation Commission of Oklahoma, brought suit against Liebmann to prevent him from selling ice in Oklahoma City without a license. At that time, electric refrigerators were expensive; thus, most people used block ice for cooling food.
The lower courts had relied on Frost v. Corporation Commission 278 U.S. 515 (1929) to conclude that a license is not necessary if existing businesses are "sufficient to meet the public needs therein."

## Decision

The Supreme Court struck down the requirement that businesses selling ice obtain a license as violating the Due Process clause of the Constitution. The Court distinguished the case from Frost, which was concerned with businesses that grind grain. It found a public interest key to feeding the population that was not comparable to the ice market.
Justice Brandeis dissented from the court's opinion and was joined by Justice Stone:
   To stay experimentation in things social and economic is a grave responsibility. Denial of the right to experiment may be fraught with serious consequences to the nation. It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous State may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country. This Court has the power to prevent an experiment. We may strike down the statute which embodies it on the ground that, in our opinion, the measure is arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable. We have power to do this, because the due process clause has been held by the Court applicable to matters of substantive law as well as to matters of procedure. But, in the exercise of this high power, we must be ever on our guard lest we erect our prejudices into legal principles. If we would guide by the light of reason, we must let our minds be bold.
# 1998 in North Korea

Events from the year 1998 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Premier: Hong Song-nam (acting until 5 September)
* Supreme Leader: Kim Jong Il

## Events

1994~1998:Arduous March
North Korea had participated in the 1998 winter olympics in Nagano, Japan.
22 June:1998 Sokcho submarine incident
26 July:1998 North Korean parliamentary election
31 August:Launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1, a machine claimed to be a north korean rocket but suspected as missile tests.
5 September: The newly amended prologue for the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea addresses Kim Il Sung as the "Eternal president" of North Korea.

## Births

* 8 February – Choe Song-hyok, footballer
* 3 March – Ri Yong-gwon, footballer
* 9 March – So Jong-gil, footballer
* 13 March – Ri Chol-song, footballer
* 15 March – Ri Pom-hyang, footballer
* 21 March – Jang Song-il, footballer
* 21 June – Ju Hyo-sim, footballer
* 11 September – Han Kwang-song, footballer
* 30 September – Ri Chung-gyu, footballer
* 11 November – Choe Ok-chol, footballer
* 20 November – Choe Jin-nam, footballer
# Malaeloa/Ituau, American Samoa

Itūʻau, together with Aitūlagi, make up the village of Malaeloa (long ceremonial-green).
Aitūlagi is the name of the famed family of high orator chiefs (tama matua) from the Leāsina county.
Itūʻau along with the villages of Fūtiga, Taputimu and Vailoatai form the itūmalo (county/district) o Tuālātai.
Although Itūʻau and Aitūlagi align themselves with different counties, today they operate together in many respects as one village under the name of Malaeloa.

## Tutuila Deed of Cession

Amituanaʻi of Itūʻau was a signatory to the Tutuila Deed of Cession of 1900.

## Etymology

Itūʻau can literally be translated as "war side". The itūʻau and the alātaua (war path) were roles assumed by allied villages or districts during times of conflict. This was a common practice throughout pre-contact Samoa, with its roots in the first Mālietoa government. The function of the itūʻau role can be described as a "controller of troops", whereas the alātaua role can be described as a "director of wars". These functions were carried out by the tulafale (talking chiefs) of the villages or districts designated with these respective roles.
The name of the village, Malaeloa, is derived from the Samoan language and translates into English as “Long malae".

## Historical Sites

The Malaeloa Itūʻau Olo Site (or defensive fortification), which was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places in 2015, is supported by Samoan cultural histories and oral traditions relating to interregional conflicts and defenses against cannibalism during pre-contact periods. It was built to protect villagers from Tuifeʻai, the legendary cannibal king of Tutuila, and his aumaga (army).

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 2020 | 424 |
| 2010 | 550 |
| 2000 | 627 |
| 1990 | 523 |
| 1980 | 467 |
# Transgender Education Advocates of Utah

Transgender Education Advocates (TEA) of Utah is a 501(c)(3) registered non-profit located in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is involved in transgender and LGBT rights activism in the state of Utah.

## History

Originating in 2003, TEA of Utah was founded under the non-profit umbrella of the Utah Pride Center. From 2003 to 2006, TEA of Utah began transgender outreach and education, including sponsoring International Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR) in Utah. From 2006 to present, TEA of Utah, collaborating with local and national transgender and ally groups, has organized this event. In 2009, TEA of Utah formally separated from the Utah Pride Center and sought to receive their own non-profit status. It was granted in 2010.
TEA of Utah works to educate the public, advocate for the LGBT community, and eliminate prejudice and discrimination.
In 2011, Connie Anast-Inman was selected as executive director of the organization. She served in this capacity until her resignation June 15, 2015, at which time she presented the reigns to the board president, Dr. Candice Metzler, as the new executive director. Vice Chair Alex P. Miller became board chair until his death on October 22, 2015.
TEA of Utah consists of nine voting board members.
On January 23, 2020, TEA of Utah announced that, for the first time, their executive director position would be a paid position and not volunteer. Dr. Candice Metzler was selected to fill the position.

## TDoR 2013

Supported by TEA and other LGBT groups in Utah, Salt Lake City mayor Ralph Becker declared November 20, 2013, "International Transgender Day in Utah", the first public acknowledgement of the annual event by a Utah governmental office.
The first TDoR was held in Taylorsville, Utah with keynote speaker Salt Lake City Police Chief Chris Burbank.
# IRNSS-1G

IRNSS-1G was the seventh and final of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E and IRNSS-1F. This system of satellites will provide navigational services to the Indian region. The satellite was launched successfully on 28 April 2016 at 07:20 UTC.
IRNSS-1G along IRNSS-1A is being used only for NavIC's short message broadcast service and not for navigation.

## Launch

The satellite was launched from the First Launch Pad (FLP) of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on board PSLV-C33 XL on 28 April 2016 at 12:50 PM IST. The countdown of the launch had begun 51:30 hours before at 9:20 AM IST on 25 April 2016.
After the launch of IRNSS-1G the Indian government named the IRNSS system as NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation).

## Specifications

Mission life: 12 years (planned).
Lift-off mass:1,425 kilograms (3,142 lb)
Dry mass: 598 kilograms (1,318 lb).
Payload: CDMA ranging payload in C band. Navigation payload in L-5 and S band spectrums and Rubidium atomic clocks.
Power: Two triple-junction solar panels to generate 1660W of energy and one Lithium-ion 90A-hr battery is used.
Propulsion: MMH/MON3 based bipropellant system with 12×22N Attitude control thrusters and one 440N LAM.
Orbit: Geosynchronous orbit at 129.5° East longitude with 5° inclination.
Cost: Approximately ₹125 crore (US$14 million).
# Janusz Korczak Institute

Janusz Korczak Institute of medical rehabilitation of children with central nervous system lesion is a non-governmental charity establishment that provides medical care to disabled children with various forms of organic lesions and functional disorders of the brain.
It was established by Dr. Haass Social Assistance Fund on June 9, 1989 on the initiative of Oleg Kutateladze and Alexander Muchnik.

## History

The institute was named in memory of the Polish teacher, writer, physician and public figure Janusz Korczak The official estimate of the Institute's activities was reflected in the Conclusion of the Standing Committee on Social Policy of the Odesa City Council on May 17, 2000.
On November 26, 2005 its name was changed for Janusz Korczak Institute for rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the psycho-physical development.
Since the establishment of the Institute the head of the Institute has been Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, an expert of the United Nations Children's Fund Irina Viktorovna Galina.

## Medical activity

For the time of its activity the Institute has treated more than 12 thousand people with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism and other forms of organic lesions and functional disorders of the brain.
The Institute carries out a comprehensive rehabilitation of the disabled, including the author's methods developed by the staff of the Institute.
In 2000, a city basic center for social rehabilitation of children with disabilities was established on the basis of the Institute. There is a department of early rehabilitation, a kindergarten, a group of day care and education, a training group and a specialized workshop where 40 disabled people obtain labor skills and working sites in it.
In 2014 the Institute opened the first in Ukraine social hostel for adults with special needs. The hostel is designed for permanent supported accommodation of 12 disabled people of both sexes. In the hostel there is a crisis center for two seats for a temporary stay of a disabled person in case of illness of parents / guardians, need for their temporary absence or other situation.
With the help of the Institute the rehabilitation centers, centers of early rehabilitation, vocational training have been created in Bolgrad, Reni, Belgorod-Dnestrovsky. The Institute assists in the training and professional skills improvement of employees, providing them with the necessary equipment and teaching aids for children and methodical literature.

## Partnerships

The Institute has long-term partnerships with foreign organizations working in this field. The partners are the Society of Friends of Dr. Haas, Germany, German National League of assistance to persons with mental retardation LEBENSHILFE, the Association of assistance companies to the disabled with intellectual disabilities ADAPEI AM, France, and others.
# Marching in Time

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Kerrang! | |
| KNAC.com | |
| Sonic Perspectives | (9/10) |
| Metal Wani | (8/10) |
| Classic Rock | |
Marching in Time is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Tremonti. It was released on September 24, 2021, via Napalm Records. The record was produced by Michael "Elvis" Baskette, who produced Tremonti's previous four albums. This was also the first Tremonti album to feature Tanner Keegan on bass and Ryan Bennett on drums. The title track was released on August 3, 2021. The riff of "Now and Forever" was voted by Guitar World's readers as the best of 2021.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tremonti

## Personnel

Tremonti
* Mark Tremonti – lead guitar, lead vocals, arrangement
* Eric Friedman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, arrangement, strings, keyboards, programming
* Ryan Bennett – drums
* Tanner Keegan – bass, backing vocals
Production
* Michael "Elvis" Baskette – production, mixing, strings, programming
* Josh Saldate – assistant engineering
* Jef Moll – engineer, digital editing
* Jeremy Frost – guitar technician
* Daniel Tremonti – creative direction
* Brad Blackwood – mastering

## Charts

Chart performance for Marching in Time :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 21 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 92 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 10 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 8 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 13 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 45 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 6 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| US Billboard 200 | 184 |
# Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.

Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp., 309 U.S. 390 (1940), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, in the case of an unauthorized adaptation, courts may elect to award only a portion of an infringer's profits to the plaintiff. The proportion that the defendant is entitled to keep is in proportion to the amount of original creative work that went into the adaptation, and the court may be assisted in determining that by expert witness testimony. The Court found that awarding more to the plaintiff "would be to inflict an unauthorized penalty."
The case involved Metro-Goldwyn using material from the 1930 play Dishonored Lady by Edward Sheldon and Margaret Ayer Barnes for the 1932 film Letty Lynton. It was brought before various courts before ending up with the Supreme Court, which awarded one fifth of the profits.
# Sissiboo Falls, Nova Scotia

Sissiboo Falls is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in The Municipality of the District of Digby in Digby County .
44°25′59.18″N 65°51′58.98″W﻿ / ﻿44.4331056°N 65.8663833°W﻿ / 44.4331056; -65.8663833﻿ (Sissiboo Falls, Nova Scotia)
# Bayandalai, Ömnögovi

Bayandalai (Mongolian: Баяндалай, Rich ocean) is a sum (district) of Ömnögovi Province in southern Mongolia. In 2009, its population was 2,316.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into three bags, which are:
* Bayan
* Naran
* Tukhum
# Slow

Slow may refer to various basic dictionary-related meanings:
* Slow velocity, the rate of change of position of a moving body
** Slow speed, in kinematics, the magnitude of the velocity of an object
* Slow tempo, the speed or pace of a piece of music
* Slow motion, an effect in film-making
* Slow reaction rate, the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place
Slow, SLOW, Slowing or Slowness may also refer to:

## Music

* Slow (band), a 1980s Canadian band

### Albums

* Slow (Richie Kotzen album), 2001
* Slow (Starflyer 59 album), 2016
* Slow (Luna Sea album), 2005
* Slow (Ann Hampton Callaway album), 2004
* Slowness (album), an album by cantopop singer Kay Tse

### Songs

* "Slow" (Kylie Minogue song), 2003
* "Slow" (Rumer song), 2010
* "Slow" (Matoma song), 2017
* "Slow" (Jackson Wang & Ciara song), 2023
* "Slow" (Black Midi song), 2021
* "Slow", song by The Fratellis from the album Eyes Wide, Tongue Tied (2015)
* "Slow", song by Lisa Mitchell from the EP Said One to the Other
* "Slow", song by Professional Murder Music from the album Professional Murder Music

## Film

* Slow (2023 film), Lithuanian romantic drama

## Books

* In Praise of Slow, a 2004 book by Carl Honoré containing his analysis of the "Cult of Speed"
* Slowness (novel), a 1993 novel by Milan Kundera

## Culture

* Slow dance, a type of partner dance
* Slow movement (culture), a cultural movement that emphasizes a slower pace in a variety of lifestyle and social areas
** Slow living, a lifestyle applying the Slow Movement philosophy
** Slow reading, the intentional reduction of the speed of reading
** Slow Food, an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking

## People

* Slow (DJ) (born 1975), Finnish producer and DJ
* Húŋkešni or "Slow", the nickname of Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota leader
* Edward Slow (1841–1925), English poet
* Mary Taylor Slow (1898–1984), British physicist
* Robin Slow (born c. 1948), New Zealand Māori painter
* Karen Slowing (born 1968), Guatemalan swimmer
* Melanie Slowing (born 1973), Guatemalan swimmer

## Other uses

* South London Orienteers and Wayfarers (SLOW), an orienteering club
* Slowness (seismology), a property of a seismic wave
# Movement for Democracy in Algeria

The Movement for Democracy in Algeria (French: Mouvement pour la démocratie en Algérie) (MDA) was a political party in Algeria. It is moderately Islamist and boycotted the 2002 elections.

## History and profile

The Movement for Democracy in Algeria was founded by Ahmed Ben Bella in 1982. However, the party was legalized in 1990. In 1995, the party was one of the signatories of the Sant'Egidio platform, an attempt of many major opposition parties to put an end to the Algerian Civil War, which was brokered by the Italian Catholic Community of Sant'Egidio.
# Carlos Eduardo (footballer, born 2001)

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Rodrigues Lima (born 6 April 2001) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for J3 League club, Tochigi City.

## Professional career

On 16 September 2019, Carlos Eduardo signed his first professional contract with. Carlos Eduardo made his professional debut with Internacional in a 2-0 Campeonato Gaúcho win over Novo Hamburgo on 8 February 2020.

## Honours
### Tochigi City FC

* Japanese Regional Football Champions League: 2023
# Opashona Ghosh

Opashona Ghosh (born 1987, Calcutta) is an Indian illustrator and graphic designer based in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal. Her works are known for a feminist approach to clubbing culture, mental and sexual health, and have been described to be 90s-inspired, pop-art-style works, featuring illustrations on gender and queer identity, drawing on into themes of femininity, gender appropriation and eroticism. According to the Verve magazine, her works are aimed towards questioning ideas on cultural acceptance, femininity, and queer identity.
Born in the city of Kolkata, Ghosh graduated from the Central Saint Martins in London with a degree in communication design. Following graduation, she worked backstages in the theatres of London and later at the Berghain nightclub in the city of Berlin. She describes herself as an accidental artist, having received success internationally and her works displayed in various art galleries of London and Berlin. She has also worked in collaboration with feminist magazines, fashion labels, queer collectives and electronic musicians from London, Berlin and New York.
# Derma, Mississippi

Derma is a town in Calhoun County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,025 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Derma is located in south-central Calhoun County at 33°51′24″N 89°17′11″W﻿ / ﻿33.85667°N 89.28639°W﻿ / 33.85667; -89.28639 (33.856531, -89.286384). It is bordered to the west by Calhoun City. Mississippi Highway 8 runs through the center of town, leading west into Calhoun City and east 6 miles (10 km) to Vardaman.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.6 km$^2$), all land. The Yalobusha River, a tributary of the Yazoo River, passes about one mile south of the town.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Derma Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White | 313 | 32.71% |
| Black or African American | 560 | 58.52% |
| Native American | 4 | 0.42% |
| Other/Mixed | 29 | 3.03% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 51 | 5.33% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 957 people, 465 households, and 297 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,023 people, 374 households, and 287 families residing in the town. The population density was 909.3 inhabitants per square mile (351.1/km$^2$). There were 397 housing units at an average density of 352.9 per square mile (136.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 57.67% African American, 41.45% White, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.
There were 374 households, out of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 24.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $22,344, and the median income for a family was $31,000. Males had a median income of $22,130 versus $16,364 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,274. About 17.6% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.8% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Derma is served by the Calhoun County School District.

## Notable natives

* Glenn Hardin, Olympic gold medalist
# Sontsivka

Sontsivka (Ukrainian: Сонцівка), known as Krasne (Ukrainian: Красне; Russian: Красное, romanized: Krasnoye) from 1927 to 2016, is a village in Kurakhove urban hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The village, founded in 1785, was initially in the Bakhmutsky Uyezd of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate in the Russian Empire and was named after its owner Dmitri Dmitrievich Sontsov. In the Soviet Union, it was renamed Krasne in 1927 and kept the name until it was renamed Sontsivka in 2016 as part of decommunization in Ukraine. In 1967, a museum was opened in Sontsivka in memory of the native composer Prokofiev and in 1968, the local music school was named after him. On 9 November 2024, Russian troops entered Sontsivka, and captured it in mid December 2024.

## Demographics

In November 2024, the population of the village was evacuated due to military operations.
Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian 92.45%
* Russian 7.42%

## Notable people

* Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953), Russian composer.
# Tabanus sufis

Tabanus sufis, also called estuary horsefly, is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae.

## Distribution

Originally described as Tabanus sufis in 1867 by Johann Friedrich Jaennicke from specimens collected in Sudan [as "Nubia"]. Afrotropical and Palearctic species. Widespread in Africa penetrating the Palearctic realm through the East Mediterranean from Egypt and Cyprus to Saudi Arabia and the Levant north and eastwards to Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and India.

## Blood feeding hosts and veterinary relevance

Known hosts in Europe and the Levant are horses, donkeys, camels and men, in Africa—horses, cattle, and men. In Africa and the Arabian Peninsula this species is an important vector for Trypanosoma parasites causing the disease called surra. Surra is a major disease in camels, equines, cattle, and dogs, in which it can often be fatal.