# New Jersey Midland Railway

The New Jersey Midland Railway, also known simply as "the Midland", was a 19th-century predecessor to the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYS&W) that operated in Northern New Jersey and Orange County, New York.

## Formation and construction

The New Jersey Midland Railway can trace its earliest roots back to 1828, when John Langdon Sullivan surveyed the first route across northern New Jersey with the intent of transporting Pennsylvania coal by rail to industrial Paterson, New Jersey. While New Jersey had plenty of iron ore, it needed coal to smelt it.
The New Jersey, Hudson & Delaware Railroad (NJH&D) was chartered in March of 1832 based on Sullivan's surveyed route. It would connect Paterson east to the ports along the Hudson Waterfront opposite New York City at Hoboken, and west to Pennsylvania at the Delaware Water Gap. Due to financial difficulties incurred during the Panic of 1837, the company did not construct any track, but its charter remained active. Further set back by the Panic of 1857, the railroad sold its charter to the Pennsylvania Coal Company.
By the mid-1860s, several companies were formed to create railroads across northern New Jersey. The earliest of these, the Hoboken, Ridgefield and Paterson Railroad (HR&P), was chartered in March of 1866 to connect Paterson with the ports along the Hudson River waterfront; various logistical issues ensured this company would not build anything. More successful was the New Jersey Western Railroad (NJW), chartered in 1867, which had built about ten miles of trackage from the vicinity of Hawthorne west to Bloomingdale.
The New Jersey Midland Railway (NJM) was formed in 1870 as a consolidation of the NJH&D, the HR&P, the NJW, the Sussex Valley Railroad, and the Hudson Connecting Railway. The original plan was to cut through the Hudson Palisades near Englewood and run south along the Hudson River to Weehawken, but the company lacked the money to do so, and instead made arrangements to run through the Pennsylvania Railroad's cut from Marion Junction through Bergen Hill in Jersey City to their Exchange Place Terminal. By December 20, the first locomotive would run on the NJM; the 'Passaic' built by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works in Paterson.
In 1871 the NJM built west as far as Butler, with the first train running on April 27. Later the railroad would reach Two Bridges/Beaver Lake through Sussex County, including construction of the Backwards Tunnel in December of 1871. The railroad would reach the New York state line at Hanford, New Jersey, just south of Unionville, New York, to meet with the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad (MUWGRR). The Ogden Mine Railroad was made obsolete. This section of the railroad was later known as the Hanford Branch once the "new" connection south toward the Delaware Water Gap was built beginning in the 1880s. The NYS&W would later abandon its Hanford Branch in 1958, and would later shift its route in 1986 to run along a parallel section of the former Lehigh and Hudson River Railway right-of-way between Sparta Junction and Campbell Hall, New York.
By 1872, the NJM line opened between Middletown, New York and Jersey City including trackage rights over the MUWGRR. It was marketed as a unified "Midland Railway" but also described as "The New Jersey Division of The New York Midland Railway." The first ran train May 1. The Midland also built a line through the Ridgefields by 1872, but with no station. It joined the Erie Railroad Northern Branch at Granton Junction near Babbitt, and reached the community of New Durham (near the point where the Susquehanna Transfer would later be located, now under New Jersey Route 495).
In 1873, the NYOM would lease the NJM, but this was shortly undone by the Panic of 1873 which resulted in the NJM taking ownership of the line from Jersey City to Middletown.

## Bankruptcy and formation of the NYS&W

In March of 1875, the Midland fell into receivership with James McCulloh and Garret Hobart appointed as receivers. By December 1878, a dispute broke out between various bondholders, some of whom disputed that the Hudson Connecting Railway should be included in the proceedings.
By 1879 the receivers had declared their intent to put the railroad up for sale, and the Midland was listed as such on September 14. On February 21, 1880, the NJ Midland, along with the Hudson Connecting Railway, was sold to Charles Parsons, who represented the bondholders of the first and second mortgages, at a price of $2.5 Million; the two railroads were combined into one. On May 15, 1880, the "property of the defunct New Jersey Midland Railway Company was delivered to the Midland Railroad Company of New Jersey."
In April of 1881 construction began on the Paterson Extension Railroad, later the Paterson City branch. Survey work also began on the line from Ogdensburg south to the Water Gap. Later in 1881, the Midland started the New York and Scranton Construction Company to begin building towards the coal fields of the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. with the Pennsylvania Midland Railroad chartered in that state in May of 1881. The Midland also started up several more corporations to further its goals and plans were made to form another new railroad consolidating all of these.
On June 10, 1881 the NJ Midland was consolidated with the MUWGRR, the Paterson Extension Railroad, the Midland Connecting Railroad, the North Jersey Railroad, the Water Gap Railroad and the Pennsylvania Midland to form the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYS&W) with Frederic A. Potts as railroad president.
The new company then expanded west into Pennsylvania as the Wilkes-Barre and Eastern Railroad, chartered March 18, 1892 in an attempt to keep the parent company secret.

## Stations and possible future use

Commuter service ended in 1966, but has been considered for restoration as the part of the Passaic–Bergen–Hudson Transit Project is a project by NJ Transit to possibly reintroduce passenger service on a portion of the NYSW right-of-way (ROW) in Passaic, Bergen and Hudson counties using newly built, FRA-compliant diesel multiple unit rail cars (with stations at Vreeland Avenue and Vince Lombardi Park and Ride, among others.
Existing original station buildings from the NJ Midland era can be found at Bogota, Maywood, Rochelle Park, Wortendyke, Butler, and Newfoundland among other places.

## Constituent Railroads
### Hudson Connecting Railway

A charter for the Hudson Connecting Railway Company had been in existence since April 1, 1869. By November of 1872 The Hudson Connecting Railway was built with a trestle over the Erie yards to connect the NJM with the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company (PRR) at what would be called West End Junction in the Marion section of Jersey City. The Erie Railroad opposed the NJM's crossing of its right-of-way and fought it in the courts.

### Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad

In 1866, public meetings were held in Middletown Westtown and Unionville, New York to discuss the viability of a railroad via these hamlets to Deckertown, Sussex County, New Jersey. A route was surveyed from there to Middletown, but, as built, the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad only extended from a connection with the NY&E in Middletown to Unionville, which was reached on December 6, 1867, after fourteen months of construction. Freight cars received from the Erie made the 14-mile (23 km) trip to Unionville starting January 13, 1868. The MU&WG was built to the 6-foot (1.8 m) broad gauge of the Erie. A third rail allowed for use of the NJM's standard-gauge cars on the line. The road was leased to the Erie and commenced regular operations as the Erie's "Unionville Branch" on May 15, 1868. On January 11, 1866, the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad (NY&OM) was incorporated with the goal of linking Oswego, New York, on Lake Ontario, with the Hudson River at a point across from New York City. The NY&OM reached Middletown in 1871 and hoped to connect with three New Jersey companies to form a through route to the Port of New York and New Jersey. The link between the NY&OM and the NJM would be the MU&WG which was leased by the NY&OM effective April 1, 1872.
Today, the NYS&W and the Middletown and New Jersey Railroad use the line with shared trackage rights.