OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CRRC Shandong

36°39′18″N 116°57′18″E﻿ / ﻿36.655051°N 116.955037°E﻿ / 36.655051; 116.955037﻿ (CNR Jinan)
CRRC Shandong Co. Ltd. (Chinese: 中车山东机车车辆有限公司; lit. 'CRRC Shandong Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co.', 'Ltd.'), formerly also known as JRVEC (Jinan Railway Vehicles Equipment), is a railway rolling stock factory located in Jinan, Shandong, China, established in 1910 as a workshop of the Jinpu Railway.
CRRC Wind Power (formerly CNR Wind Power) is its wind power manufacturing subsidiary, established in 2010 in Songyuan.

## History

Jinan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Plant was founded in 1910 as the Chinese: 济南机器厂; lit. 'Jinan machine factory' in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. The factory was established with German backing as a repair works for the northern parts of the Jinpu Railway; in 1914 it became the property of the 'Jinpu Railway Authority', under state control.
In 1951 the company was named Chinese: 济南机车车辆修理工厂; lit. 'Jinan rolling stock repair factory', and after 1958 Chinese: 铁道部济南机车工厂; lit. 'Ministry of Railways Jinan Locomotive Works'. The company operated mainly as a maintainer of steam locomotives, and also manufactured steam locomotives, including 117 YJ class and a small number of SY class.
In 1993 the company re-focused on manufacturing railway freight wagons, and was renamed Chinese: 济南机车车辆厂; lit. 'Jinan locomotive and rolling stock works'. At the beginning of the 21st century, it began to diversify into other areas, including steel structure manufacture.
In July 2007 the company name was changed to Jinan Railway Vehicles Equipment Co., Ltd. (JRVEC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CNR Group). After the IPO of China CNR, the subsidiary belongs to the listed arm of the group.
In August 2016, the company name was changed to CRRC Shandong, after CNR Group was merged with CSR Group as CRRC Group.

## Products

As of 2012 the company manufactured railway wagons, including tank, double-deck car transporting, open, flat, closed types, and wagon bogies. Other products included steel structures including communications towers, bridges, and wind turbine towers. The company also produced toilet systems and bolt tightening machines for specialised railway applications. The company had a production capacity of 7000 wagons per year.

## Subsidiaries

CNR Wind Turbine Co., Ltd was established in Jinan with a capital of 100 million Yuan to design and manufacture wind turbines. CNR foresees a total investment of 3 billion Yuan to establish a facility with production capacity of 1000 wind turbines per year. On 4 September 2009 construction of a factory with a 500 turbine per year capacity began in Songyuan, Jilin province. The plant was fully complete by May 2011.
The company's first installed product was a 1.5MW turbine, used at the Shandong Dongying wind project from mid-2010. The first company's first 2MW turbine was manufactured in 2012.
# Dimethylaniline

N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.

## Preparation

DMA was first reported in 1850 by the German chemist A. W. Hofmann, who prepared it by heating aniline and iodomethane:
    C$_6$H$_5$NH$_2$ + 2 CH$_3$I → C$_6$H$_5$N(CH$_3$)$_2$ + 2 HI
DMA is produced industrially by alkylation of aniline with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst:
    C$_6$H$_5$NH$_2$ + 2 CH$_3$OH → C$_6$H$_5$N(CH$_3$)$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O
Similarly, it is also prepared using dimethyl ether as the methylating agent.

## Reactions

Dimethylaniline undergoes many of the reactions expected for an aniline, being weakly basic and reactive toward electrophiles.
It is nitrated to produce tetryl, a derivative with four nitro groups which was once used as explosive. In acidic solution, the initial nitration gives 3-nitrodimethylaniline. It reacts with butyllithium to give the 2-lithio derivative. Electrophilic methylating agents like dimethyl sulfate attack the amine to give the quaternary ammonium salt:
    C$_6$H$_5$N(CH$_3$)$_2$ +(CH$_3$O)$_2$SO$_2$ → C$_6$H$_5$N(CH$_3$)$_3$CH$_3$OSO$_3$
Diethylaniline and dimethylaniline are both used as acid-absorbing bases.

## Applications

DMA is a key precursor to commercially important triarylmethane dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet. DMA serves as a promoter in the curing of polyester and vinyl ester resins. DMA is also used as a precursor to other organic compounds. A study of the in vitro metabolism of N,N-dimethylaniline using guinea pig and rabbit preparations and GLC techniques has confirmed N-demethylation and N-oxidation as metabolic pathways, and has also established ring hydroxylation as a metabolic route.
# Flyposting

Flyposting (also known as bill posting) is a guerrilla marketing tactic where advertising posters are put up. In the United States, these posters are also commonly referred to as wheatpaste posters because wheatpaste is often used to adhere the posters. Posters are adhered to construction site barricades, building façades and in alleyways.

## Advertisement posters

The posters used are typically made of a lightweight paper and printed using flexography, digital printing and screen printing. Modern printing techniques enable the posters to feature full-colour designs, halftones, and photographs, making them popular for advertising concerts, political messages, commercial advertisements and special events. An increasing number of posters do not advertise anything at all and instead feature artwork, inspirational or positive messages, and religious messages.
It is an advertising tactic mostly used by small businesses promoting concerts and political activist groups, but there have been occasions where international companies subcontracted local advertising agencies for flyposting jobs in order not to get caught in illegal behavior, as a form of guerrilla marketing. In 2004, Sony Music and BMG were threatened with anti-social behaviour orders by Camden Borough Council for illegal flyposting.

## Legislation

In many countries, it is illegal to place such posters on private property without the consent of the property owner, or to post on public property without a sign permit from the local government. Some areas, however, have public bulletin boards where notices may be posted.
In an effort to discourage illegal flyposting, surfaces at risk of it are sometimes permanently signed Post No Bills (US), No Flyposting (UK), or Défense d'afficher - loi du 29 juillet 1881 (France), a reference to a law passed in 1881 that regulates the display of advertisements in public spaces.
While flyposting is commonplace, it is often viewed as a nuisance by landlords and they can take civil action to protect their property rights. A particularly noteworthy incident of this type occurred in Boston, Massachusetts. In the case of the 2007 Boston Mooninite panic, advertisers had placed electronic signboards without notifying local authorities, prompting a costly reaction by the Boston Police Department bomb squad when the signs were mistaken for bombs.

## Web banner

With the rise of the World Wide Web, much of advertising has been shifted online. Some advertising agencies have drawn similarities between flyposting and certain types of adware, which are more invasive to consumers.
# Kai Greene (soccer)

Kai Greene (born July 7, 1993) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Oakland Roots in the USL Championship.

## Career
### Youth and College

Raised in South Orange, New Jersey, Greene played soccer at Columbia High School.
Greene played four years of college soccer at the Seton Hall University between 2011 and 2014, originally as a midfielder before transitioning to a defender.

### Professional

In 2015, Greene trained in Germany with Borussia Neunkirchen and SV Elversberg, before signing with United Soccer League side Rio Grande Valley FC on March 16, 2016.
On December 6, 2018, Greene joined San Antonio FC ahead of the 2019 USL Championship season.
On May 31, 2021, Green signed with USL Championship side Oakland Roots.
On February 14, 2022, Greene was transferred to USL Championship side Monterey Bay ahead of their inaugural season. Greene was included in the starting 11 for Monterey Bay's inaugural match, a 4–2 loss to Phoenix Rising FC. At the conclusion of the 2022 season Greene was named Defensive Player of the Year, an award voted on by his teammates. Prior to the 2023 season Greene signed a new two-year contract with Monterey Bay.
Greene returned to Oakland Roots in November 2024, ahead of the 2025 USL Championship season.
# Yuki Okoda

Yuki Okoda is a Japanese astronomer. She made headlines while she was a physics graduate student in her 2nd year of Masters at the University of Tokyo's School of Science. Okoda found a dense disk of material around a young star, which may be a precursor of a planetary system. The star in question is known by its catalogue number IRAS 15398-3359.
Okoda and her colleagues are researching the formation of planetary systems through radio-wave observation using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile. In 2018 Okoda was named one of the 100 influential women in the world by the BBC.

## Publications

* Yuki Okoda, Yoko Oya, Nami Sakai, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Jes K. Jørgensen, Ewine F. Van Dishoeck, and Satoshi Yamamoto. The Co-evolution of Disks and Stars in Embedded Stages: The Case of the Very-low-mass Protostar IRAS 15398-3359 - Astrophysical Journal Letters
# 2016 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Femenino (Perú)

The 2016 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Femenino season, was an amateur women's football championship, developed, organized, and promoted by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), which granted the classification to the 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina.
Universitario won their eighth title after defeating Ramiro Villafuerte by a 5–1 score in the finals. As champions, Universitario qualified for the 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina.

## Regional Stage

| Department | Team |
| Apurímac | Angelu Lucrecia |
| Arequipa | Municipalidad de Majes |
| Huancavelica | UDA |
| Junín | Ramiro Villaverde |
| La Libertad | Juventud Talentos |
| Lima | Universitario |
| Loreto | |
| Piura | UNP |

## National stage
### Grupo A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation | RAM | ANG | UDA | LOR |
| 1 | Ramiro Villaverde | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 6 | Advance to Final | | 2–1 | 2–0 | |
| 2 | Angelu Lucrecia | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 3 | | | | | 3–1 |
| 3 | UDA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | | | — | | |
| 4 | Loreto | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | −4 | 0 | | — | | 1–3 | |

### Grupo B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation | UNI | MAJ | TAL | UDP |
| 1 | Universitario | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | +18 | 9 | Advance to Final | | | 5–1 | 11–0 |
| 2 | Municipalidad de Majes | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 6 | | 1–4 | | | |
| 3 | Juventud Talentos | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0 | | | 0–4 | | — |
| 4 | UNP | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 15 | −15 | 0 | | | 0–4 | | |
# Warrior (Disturbed song)

"Warrior" is a song by American heavy metal band Disturbed. It was released on 3 March 2011, as the fourth single from their album Asylum.

## Background

The song was featured on Disturbed's Asylum Interactive Game, used to promote the album. Before being released as a single, "Warrior" peaked at number three on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100.

## Music video

A newly announced music video was directed by Chris Marrs Piliero, however, Disturbed's frontman David Draiman stated on his Twitter page that the video was canceled.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2010–11) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 56 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 14 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard) | 50 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Jaan Tomp (journalist)

Jaan Tomp (13 May 1882 – 1943) was an Estonian journalist. He was born in Uue-Võidu vald, Viljandi County. From 1905 to 1908 he worked for Kodumaa, followed by Kodumaa Hääl, Maa, Meie Kodu, and Meie Kodumaa. From 1919 to 1920, he was the chairman of the Estonian Journalists' Union, and he was an honorary member from 1934. From 1918 until 1937 he was an editor of Vaba Maa.
# Bayan-Ovoo, Ömnögovi

Bayan-Ovoo (Mongolian: Баян-Овоо, Rich ovoo) is a sum (district) of Ömnögovi Province in the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia. The seat lies at Erdenetsogt.

## History

The sum was established on May 26, 1924.

## Geography and climate

The sum is located in the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia, 170 kilometres (110 mi) by road southwest of the provincial capital of Dalanzadgad, at an elevation ranging from 2200 to 2700 metres above sea level. It borders China to the south and the sums of Nomgon, Khankhongor, Tsogttsetsii, Manlai and Khanbogd in the northeast. The highest point of the district is Yamaat Uul (1926 m). The Ikh and Baga Khachi mountains are located in the north and Tsagaan Del mountain is in the south.
The climate is generally warm, with little snow in the winter, and it is rare for it to rain during the summer months, with only 63.2-70.9 mm of precipitation falling annually. Dust storms are common in the spring.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into three bags, which are:
* Kharzag
* Mogoit
* Nalikh

## Plants and animals

Ecologically, the district is in a transition zone, with the north of the district in the Eastern Gobi desert-steppe ecoregion, and the south in the Alashan Plateau semi-desert ecoregion. Although technically in a cold desert climate, the district has sufficient precipitation to support sparse plant life, particularly xerophytes (species adapted to low moisture levels) in low-lying areas.
Over 40 species of medicinal plants are found in the district. Shrubs found include red thorn, goat thistle, golden thistle, and alfalfa. There are 22 species of rodents, 14 species of mammals, including two types of Mongolian gazelle, two species of insectivores and three species of amphibians found in Bayan-Ovoo. Birds found include sparrow, eagle, partridge, hawk, owl, raven, and falcon.

## Economy and services

The economy is mainly based around livestock. There are reserves of silver, gold and copper in the sum, with silver deposits at Bolgon, gold at Alag Tolgoi and copper at Yamaat. Shale and coal found here are used for fuel. There is a secondary school with 280 students in the seat of the district, a kindergarten with 50 children, a 15-bed hospital and the Association of Meteorology.
# Independent Macedonia (sport hall)

Independent Macedonia sport hall (Macedonian: Независна Македонија, romanized: Nezavisna Makedonija) is a multi-functional indoor sports arena. It is located in the municipality of Kisela Voda in Skopje.

## Uses

Independent Macedonia is home to basketball team Torus that plays in the first league.

## Sources

* ↑ "Кошаркарска Федерација на Република Северна Македонија - КФСМ".
* This article about a North Macedonia sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pyrene

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. The chemical formula is C$_{16}$H$_{10}$. This yellow-green solid is the smallest peri-fused PAH (one where the rings are fused through more than one face). Pyrene forms during incomplete combustion of organic compounds.

## Occurrence and properties

Pyrene was first isolated from coal tar, where it occurs up to 2% by weight. As a peri-fused PAH, pyrene is much more resonance-stabilized than its five-member-ring containing isomer fluoranthene. Therefore, it is produced in a wide range of combustion conditions. For example, automobiles produce about 1 μg/km.

### Reactions

Oxidation with chromate affords perinaphthenone and then naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. Pyrene undergoes a series of hydrogenation reactions and is susceptible to halogenation, Diels-Alder additions, and nitration, all with varying degrees of selectivity. Bromination occurs at one of the 3-positions.
Reduction with sodium affords the radical anion. From this anion, a variety of pi-arene complexes can be prepared.

### Photophysics

Pyrene and its derivatives are used commercially to make dyes and dye precursors, for example pyranine and naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. It has strong absorbance in UV-Vis in three sharp bands at 330 nm in DCM. The emission is close to the absorption, but moving at 375 nm. The morphology of the signals change with the solvent. Its derivatives are also valuable molecular probes via fluorescence spectroscopy, having a high quantum yield and lifetime (0.65 and 410 nanoseconds, respectively, in ethanol at 293 K). Pyrene was the first molecule for which excimer behavior was discovered. Such excimer appears around 450 nm. Theodor Förster reported this in 1954.

## Applications

Pyrene's fluorescence emission spectrum is very sensitive to solvent polarity, so pyrene has been used as a probe to determine solvent environments. This is due to its excited state having a different, non-planar structure than the ground state. Certain emission bands are unaffected, but others vary in intensity due to the strength of interaction with a solvent.
Pyrenes are strong electron donor materials and can be combined with several materials in order to make electron donor-acceptor systems which can be used in energy conversion and light harvesting applications.

## Safety and environmental factors

Although it is not as problematic as benzopyrene, animal studies have shown pyrene is toxic to the kidneys and liver. It is now known that pyrene affects several living functions in fish and algae.
Its biodegradation has been heavily examined. The process commences with dihydroxylation at each of two kinds of CH=CH linkages. Experiments in pigs show that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a metabolite of pyrene, when given orally.
# Vladas Jakubėnas

Vladas Jonas Jakubėnas (Biržai, May 15, 1904 – Chicago, December 13, 1976) was a Lithuanian composer, pianist, musicologist and journalist.

## Works, editions and recordings

* Chamber Music: Kasparas Uinskas, Rusne Mataityte, Edmundas Kulikauskas, Albina Siksniute, Vilnius String Quartet, St Christopher Chamber Orchestra, Donatas Katkus Toccata Classics 2011
# Matas Šalčius

Matas Šalčius (September 20, 1890 – May 26, 1940) was a Lithuanian traveler, journalist, writer, political figure.
Šalčius was born in the Čiudiškiai village in the modern Prienai district, central Lithuania (at that time part of the Russian Empire). He attended Marijampolė Gymnasium. While studying he began writing articles for newspapers, launching his career in journalism. Šalčius later worked as a teacher in Šilutė district. He was a prominent critic of tsarist Russia so soon he had flee from political persecution. Then Šalčius began his first travels through China, Japan to the United States where he continued his work as a journalist.
After Lithuania gained independence in 1918, Šalčius returned there and worked as a journalist (he was the director of the ELTA news agency). He helped to establish the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union. Šalčius traveled across Europe, and attempted to launch the tourism industry in Lithuania. In 1929, Šalčius, together with another famous Lithuanian traveler, Antanas Poška, began a great journey through the Balkans, Greece, Egypt, Near East to India. After this travel he published the six-volume series Svečiuose pas 40 tautų (At the company of 40 nations), which was awarded the National Press Prize.
In 1936, Šalčius traveled to South America. At first he unsuccessfully attempted to unite Lithuanian diaspora communities in South America. Šalčius planned to journey through all the Americas to Alaska, but he became sick with malaria and encephalitis and died in the town of Guayaramerín, Bolivia. In 2005, an expedition organized by Lithuanian travelers and journalists reached Guayaramerín and marked the approximate location of Šalčius' burial with a bas-relief.
# Lake Lindsey, Florida

Lake Lindsey is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hernando County, Florida, United States. The population was 71 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Lake Lindsey is located in northeastern Hernando County at 28°38′1″N 82°21′44″W﻿ / ﻿28.63361°N 82.36222°W﻿ / 28.63361; -82.36222 (28.633622, -82.362324), on the northeastern side of the small lake of the same name. It is 6 miles (10 km) north of Brooksville, the county seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.089 square miles (0.23 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 49 people, 23 households, and 12 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,206.8 inhabitants per square mile (852.1/km$^2$). There were 30 housing units at an average density of 1,351.1 per square mile (521.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% White.
There were 23 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.5% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.62.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 2.0% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,192, and the median income for a family was $18,750. Males had a median income of $0 versus $8,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,314. There were no families and 15.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Periclimenes carinidactylus

Periclimenes carinidactylus is a species of saltwater shrimp found in Australian coastal waters and was first described in 1969 by Alexander James Bruce.