# Daraga

Daraga, officially the Municipality of Daraga (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Daraga; Tagalog: Bayan ng Daraga), is a municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 133,893.
The municipality is home to the famous Cagsawa Ruins.

## History

The word daraga historically referred to a "maiden", and term for an "unmarried woman" in many of the Bikol languages. The original settlement of Daraga dates back to the 12th century, but has changed location repeatedly due to the constant threats posed by the Mayon Volcano. The town was previously named Budiao, Cagsawa, Locsin, and Salcedo.
| Year | Event |
| 12th c. | Early settlers were mostly traders. The name Daraga came from a type of tree that was abundant on the hill where a baroque Catholic church now stands. |
| 1578 | Franciscan missionaries arrive, and christen the place Budiao, later renaming it to Cagsawa. |
| 1595 | Cagsawa becomes a visita (satellite mission station) attached to the town of Camalig. |
| 1772 | Governor-General Simón de Anda renames Cagsawa to Salcedo, which is later renamed Daraga. |
| 1814 | The municipality is destroyed in the deadliest eruption of Mayon Volcano, killing 1,200 people that sought refuge inside the church. |
| 1815 | Government for Daraga is formally organized, with Venancio Espíritu Salomon as Barangay Captain. |
| 1892 | Under the Becerra Law, Daraga becomes a constituent of Legazpi City. |
| 1922 | Daraga regains its autonomy when the Philippine Assembly ordered the partition of Daraga from Albay, composed of Albay and Legazpi City. |
| 1948 | Under Republic Act 306, Daraga is again incorporated into Legazpi as one of its districts. |
| 1954 | Republic Act 993 officially recreates the Municipality of Daraga. |
| 1959 | Daraga renamed to Locsin, through Republic Act No. 2505. |
| 1967 | Republic Act 4994 restores the name Daraga. |
| 1973 | Under Presidential Decree 125, Daraga is again incorporated as part of Legazpi City; implementation of decree was suspended. |
| 1993 | Daraga adjudged the 'cleanest and greenest' municipality in Bicol. |
| 2001 | Mayon Volcano erupts in June, blanketing the town with an inch of ash. |
| 2002 | Municipal government finishes construction of modern supermarket. |
| 2006 | Mudflows from Mayon Volcano, triggered by heavy rains from Typhoon Reming (international name: Durian) buried at least eight villages. More than 20,000 Individuals were evacuated, and thousands lost their homes. |
| 2007 | The National Museum declared the town's 400-year-old Our Lady of the Gate Parish Church a national cultural treasure. |
| 2008 | Daraga experiences economic boom with the opening of several national food chains and the opening of LCC Supermarket. |
| 2010 | The government of Daraga negotiates for the establishment of the Bicol International Airport in the town, with the proposed construction site in Barangay Alobo. |
| 2012 | Daraga holds first ever Cagsawa Festival in February. |
| 2016 | Daraga became the first applicant for cityhood in the 17th congress. |
| 2024 | Daraga Mayor Carlwyn Baldo was arrested over his alleged involvement in the 2018 killing of Rep. Rodel Batocabe of the AKO BICOL party. |

## Local Government
### Past municipal administrators

Daraga Albay Mayor :
| Inclusive years | Mayor |
| 1948 - 1954 | merger with Legazpi City |
| 1954 - 1959 | |
| January 01, 1960 - December 30, 1963 | Pedro F. Callos |
| January 01, 1964 - December 30, 1971 | Vicente Jaucian |
| 1988 - June 30, 1998 | Atty. Cicero C. Triunfante |
| 1972 - 1986 | |
| 1987 - 1988 | |
| 1988 - June 30, 1998 | Atty. Cicero C. Triunfante |
| June 30, 1998 - June 30, 2007 | Gerry R. Jaucian |
| June 30, 2007 - June 30, 2010 | Atty. Cicero C. Triunfante |
| June 30, 2010 - May 04, 2018 | Gerry R. Jaucian |
| May 05, 2018 - January 23, 2019 | Carlwyn G. Baldo |
| January 23, 2019 - June 30, 2022 | Victor U. Perete |
| June 30, 2022 - August 27, 2024 | Carlwyn G. Baldo |
| August 27, 2024 - Present | Gerry Raphael Z. Jaucian, Jr. |

## Geography

Daraga is located at 13°09′43″N 123°41′38″E﻿ / ﻿13.1619°N 123.6939°E﻿ / 13.1619; 123.6939, in the south-west portion of Albay province, along the Maharlika Highway, making it accessible from Manila, the Visayas, and the other municipalities of eastern Bicol Peninsula. It is roughly "boot-shaped", with the "tall" part ranging 13.05–13.25° north latitude and 123.66–123.73° east longitude and the "wide" part ranging 13.02–13.09° north latitude and 123.56–123.71° east longitude. It is bounded on the north and east by Legazpi City, south by Sorsogon (particularly the municipality of Pilar), and west by Camalig, and Jovellar. It is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Legazpi and 524 kilometres (326 mi) from Manila.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 118.64 square kilometres (45.81 sq mi)  constituting 4.61% of the 2,575.77-square-kilometre- (994.51 sq mi) total area of Albay. This municipal land area is distributed among the present 16 urban barangays and 42 rural barangays. The urban barangays total 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) (12.65%) and the rural barangays make up the remaining 10,360 hectares (25,600 acres) (87.35%) of the total municipal land area.

### Elevation

67.3% of the total municipal land area has a predominantly low elevation of up to 100 metres (330 ft). The surface terrain is generally characterized by combination of level to nearly level areas, gentle to undulating areas and undulating to rolling areas.

### Soil

The different soil types to be found within Daraga are the Mayon Gravelly Sandy Loam, Annam Clay Loam, Gravelly Sandy Loam, Legazpi Fine Sandy Loam (Stoney phase), Sevilla Clay Loam and Sevilla Clay.
The underlying geology are made up of several types: Alluvium, Shale and Sandstone Limestone and Basalt and Andesite Series. The prevalent geologic type is the Shale and Sandstone Sequence and other equally significant geologic types such as alluvium. Recent Volcanic, Crystalline Limestone and Psyroclastine Limestone are found near the base of Mayon Volcano mostly in the urban barangays.
Minerals available within the municipality of Daraga are non-metallic consisting of Gravel, and Boulders. These minerals are abundant in Barangays Budiao, Busay, Bañadero and Matnog brought down from the slopes of Mayon Volcano during occurrences of volcanic eruptions and rains.

### Drainage

The surface drainage pattern of Daraga is largely affected by the water runoff coming from Mayon Volcano coupled with those from other directions. Major river systems which convey and act as natural drainage channels as well as water sources include:
* Yawa River in Barangay Cullat, Malobago, Kilicao, Tagas, Binitayan & Bañag which connects to the Albay Gulf in Legazpi City
* Colabos Creek in Bañag, San Roque, Market Area, Sagpon, and Bagumbayan
* Quillarena River in Malabog & Budiao
* Gumacon Creek in Barangay Maroroy, Tagas
* Gulang-Gulang Creek in Barangay Pandan

### Climate

Climate data for Daraga, Albay :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27 (81) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65 (2.6) | 44 (1.7) | 42 (1.7) | 39 (1.5) | 87 (3.4) | 150 (5.9) | 184 (7.2) | 153 (6.0) | 163 (6.4) | 154 (6.1) | 127 (5.0) | 100 (3.9) | 1,308 (51.4) |
| Average rainy days | 13.9 | 9.2 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 19.6 | 24.3 | 26.5 | 25.0 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 19.4 | 15.1 | 226.5 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||
Daraga has a generally wet climate characterized by a lack of the dry season. Maximum rainfall is from November to January, and average monthly rainfall is 223.4 millimetres (8.80 in). Prevailing winds are generally from north-east to south-west. Average temperature is 27.0 °C (80.6 °F).
But the climate change phenomenon has changed the past climate pattern. Dry spells are becoming more pronounced, as it is with the wet season. The phenomenon is felt all over the country as well.

### Barangays

Daraga is politically subdivided into 54 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| Barangay | Population (2010) | Area (ha) | Class | Barangay head |
| Alcala | 2,755 | 116.18 | Rural | Ester L. Llandeza |
| Alobo | 792 | 160.65 | Rural | Dexter L. Marmol |
| Anislag | 9,445 | 858.50 | Urban | Elmer Lodronio |
| Bagumbayan | 3,254 | 132.54 | Urban | Mark C. Magalona |
| Balinad | 2,230 | 153.74 | Urban | Darren Maceda |
| Bañadero | 1,637 | 204.00 | Rural | Archie Bajamundi |
| Bañag | 2,719 | 27.35 | Urban | Gayzel M. Cardiño |
| Bascaran | 3,946 | 423.00 | Urban | Julius L. Duran |
| Bigao | 1,015 | 296.08 | Rural | Salvador Miravalles |
| Binitayan | 4,257 | 24.06 | Urban | Cecilia A. Arevalo |
| Bongalon | 1,123 | 73.48 | Rural | Ferelyn M. Seva |
| Budiao | 271 | 290.07 | Rural | Jefferson M. Mapula |
| Burgos | 1,122 | 148.67 | Rural | Henry Mallapre |
| Busay | 1,684 | 213.79 | Rural | Salvyn Mandane |
| Canarom | 501 | 247.36 | Rural | Efren M. Llasos |
| Cullat | 1,460 | 30.78 | Rural | Luis D. Espejo |
| de la Paz | 773 | 73.19 | Rural | Maria L. Marjalino |
| Dinoronan | 608 | 61.07 | Rural | Hirfa M. Espadilla |
| Gabawan | 1,983 | 93.18 | Rural | Roberto C. Obispo |
| Gapo | 1,982 | 389.25 | Rural | Jesus M. Magdaong Jr. |
| Ibaugan | 546 | 179.00 | Rural | Raul Ll. Malto |
| Ilawod | 1,987 | 18.42 | Urban | Randy Kabayo Velasco |
| Inarado | 1,694 | 682.22 | Rural | Rommel N. Marticio |
| Kidaco | 1,205 | 116.03 | Rural | Nelson Magallano |
| Kilicao | 3,925 | 379.43 | Urban | Eriberto M. Madrona |
| Kimantong | 1,980 | 20.98 | Urban | Ramon D. Paran Jr. |
| Kinawitan | 405 | 78.46 | Rural | Eduardo N. Lubiano |
| Kiwalo | 1,160 | 57.65 | Rural | Janet L. Lorilla |
| Lacag | 2,321 | 383.86 | Rural | Arthur L. Llabore Sr. |
| Mabini | 581 | 124.83 | Rural | Ranulfo N. Llorera |
| Malabog | 4,099 | 287.46 | Rural | Paulo Montallana |
| Malobago | 492 | 61.56 | Rural | William Marbella |
| Maopi | 1,166 | 252.95 | Rural | Alex M. Loteriña |
| Market Area | 2,538 | 20.82 | Urban | Wilfredo N. Nayve |
| Maroroy | 5,331 | 73.60 | Urban | Robinson "Toto" Lubiano |
| Matnog | 1,680 | 270.15 | Rural | Bonifacio M. Odiver |
| Mayon | 1,759 | 356.70 | Rural | Adoracion Blazo |
| Mi-isi | 1,028 | 518.20 | Rural | Elmer A. Lorica |
| Nabasan | 506 | 552.14 | Rural | Menche A. Llamasares |
| Namantao | 1,538 | 363.07 | Rural | Danilo Llaneta |
| Pandan | 1,683 | 94.32 | Rural | Rosalito Cimanes |
| Peñafrancia | 2,986 | 193.74 | Urban | Jose M. Lobas |
| Sagpon | 5,723 | 29.62 | Urban | Loreto Barajas |
| Salvacion | 3,344 | 551.61 | Rural | Nelson N. Mabini |
| San Rafael | 296 | 32.64 | Rural | Alodea M. Lisay |
| San Ramon | 1,441 | 784.99 | Rural | Aidar L. Llaguno |
| San Roque | 4,308 | 41.97 | Urban | Gary Calpe |
| San Vicente Grande | 961 | 346.57 | Rural | Elena M. Vibar |
| San Vicente Pequeño | 320 | 63.67 | Rural | Jesus Oarde |
| Sipi | 3,454 | 38.92 | Urban | Dexter Billy M. Lorica |
| Tabon-tabon | 2,588 | 207.99 | Rural | Ric M. Rodrigueza |
| Tagas | 6,527 | 100.45 | Urban | Cherry M. Mayor |
| Talahib | 541 | 341.93 | Rural | Nieves M. Jacob |
| Villahermosa | 2,203 | 414.71 | Rural | Eladio L. Rodrigueza |

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Daraga had a population of 133,893. The population density was 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,800/sq mi).
In 2010, the 2010 municipal population of 115,804 was distributed among the urban and rural barangays. The urban population was 48.54% while rural population completed the remaining 51.45%. The "built-up density" was 5,659 persons/km$^2$. It had a literacy rate of 96.08% and a municipality growth rate of 1.3%.
In terms of employment and livelihood, farming ranks high at 33.53%, crafts and related workers as well as elementary occupations follow second with 17.71% and 21.89% respectively.

### Language

The languages spoken in Daraga include East Miraya (Daragueño), Bicol, Tagalog, and English.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Daraga
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 2000 32.88
* 2003 13.46
* 2006 29.40
* 2009 29.70
* 2012 17.88
* 2015 17.23
* 2018 13.51
* 2021 15.47
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Daraga's economy, originally agriculture-based, has rapidly transformed into an emerging urban system, benefiting from the economic opportunities of being located contiguously with the urban center of Legazpi. It draws trade relations with the island province of Masbate through the nearby Port of Pilar.
Daraga is the site of the Bicol International Airport which will further boost tourism in the region and will introduce more opportunities especially in this town. Local officials are now considering cityhood in the near future or upon the completion of the said international airport, if that so, Daraga would be the fourth city in Albay.
Daraga has the highest number of business establishments among towns in Albay. As of 2011 it has over 2,300 business establishments registered with the Permits and Licensing Office. The municipality is a center of handicraft manufacturing with several handicraft factories choosing their location in the municipality.

## Tourism

Daraga's existing tourist spots/attractions are the Cagsawa Ruins and Resort and the Our Lady of the Gate Parish.
Cagsawa Ruins and Resort is located in Barangay Busay. Its prominent attraction is the belfry of the Cagsawa Church which submerged in mudflow during the February 2, 1814, Mayon Volcano Eruption which killed 1,200 people.
The Our Lady of the Gate Parish was constructed in 1773 atop Santa Maria Hill in Barangay San Roque and is uniquely known for its rich Baroque architecture.

## Transportation

Daraga has a total road network of about 129.01 kilometres (80.16 mi). These are categorized as national roads, provincial roads, municipal roads and barangay roads. The barangay roads comprise the bulk of the municipality road network system. About 24.97% are concrete paved while the remaining 75.03% remains in asphalt, gravel or earth fill pavement conditions. These are about 25 bridges within the municipality and 66.22% of which are within barangay roads while the other bridges are part of national, provincial or barangay roads.
Daraga is the site of the newly constructed Bicol International Airport. It serves the City of Legazpi and the rest of Albay. It is located at barangay Alobo.

## Education
### Elementary

Each barangay of Daraga has its own elementary school.

### High school

* Anislag National High School
* Anislag National High School - Bascaran HS Extension
* Anislag National High School - San Vicente Grande HS Extension
* Banadero National High School
* Bicol College (BC) - High School Department.
* Daraga National High School (DNHS)
* Immaculate Concepcion College of Albay (ICCA) - High School Department
* Kilicao High School
* Lacag National High School
* Malabog National High School
* Mary's Child Science Oriented School (MCSOS) - High School Department
* United Institute (U.I.) - High School Department

### College

* Bicol University – Daraga
* Belen B. Francisco Foundation Inc.
* Bicol College (BC)
* Daraga Community College (DComC)
* Immaculate Concepcion College of Albay (ICCA)

## Notable people

* Barbie Imperial - actress, model, and former housemate from Pinoy Big Brother: 737
* Gwen Apuli - model, singer, dancer, former Pinoy Big Brother: Otso housemate, and member of Pinoy pop girl group Bini