# Chino, California

Chino (/ˈtʃiːnoʊ/ CHEE-noh; Spanish for "Curly") is a city in the western end of San Bernardino County, California, United States, with Los Angeles County to its west and Orange County to its south in the Southern California region.
Chino's surroundings have long been a center of agriculture and dairy farming, providing milk products in Southern California and much of the southwestern United States. Chino's agricultural history dates back to the Spanish land grant forming Rancho Santa Ana del Chino. The area specialized in fruit orchards, row crops, and dairy.
Chino is bounded by Chino Hills and Los Angeles County to the west, Pomona to the northwest, unincorporated San Bernardino County (near Montclair) to the north, including the unincorporated community of Narod, Ontario to the northeast, Eastvale to the southeast in Riverside County and Orange County to the southwest. It is easily accessible via the Chino Valley (71) and Pomona (60) freeways. The population was 91,403 at the 2020 census.

## Etymology

The land grant on which the town was founded was called Rancho Santa Ana del Chino. Santa Ana is Spanish for Saint Anne, but the exact meaning of "Chino" has been explained in different ways. One explanation is that the "Chino" (curly-haired person or mixed-race person) was the chief of the local Native American village. The president of the Chino Valley Historical Society, drawing on Civil War-era letters, designates the "curl" referenced in the toponym as that at the top of the grama grass that abounded in the valley.

## History

The Tongva had a settlement called Wapijangna in the Santa Ana River watershed. Some residents of Wapijanga were baptized at Mission San Gabriel, which was established in 1771. The Spanish crown claimed the land until Mexican independence was finalized and possession fell to the Mexican government.
Some twenty years later, Mexican governor of Alta California Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho Santa Ana del Chino to Antonio Maria Lugo of the Lugo family. Two years later, his successor, Governor Micheltorena, granted an additional three leagues to Lugo's son-in-law Isaac Williams, who took charge of the rancho. Williams kept large quantities of horses and cattle, which attracted the envy of raiding Native Americans as well as unscrupulous whites. One of the latter was James Beckwourth, who, in 1840, posed as an otter hunter and stayed at Rancho Chino to determine the location of the area's animals, which he then reported to Walkara, the Ute mastermind of the raids.
Early in the Mexican–American War, the Battle of Chino took place at Williams' rancho. The battle ended prior to the arrival of the Mormon Battalion, dispatched on behalf of the United States, who instead labored in the rancho's agricultural harvest and constructed a grist mill.
During the California Gold Rush, the rancho was a popular stopover for travelers, and in the mining fury, coal was discovered there. In 1850, California was admitted to the union, and the process of separating privately held lands from the public domain began. The Williams claim to the Chino Rancho was patented in 1869.
Richard Gird was the next owner of the Rancho. Beginning in 1887, his land was subdivided and laid out. It became the "Town of Chino", and incorporated into a city in 1910. Sugar beets, corn, and alfalfa were raised there.
The Chino Valley, located at the foot of an alluvial plain with fertile topsoil reaching depths of 4 feet (1.2 m), was an agricultural mecca from the 1890s up through the mid-20th century. Sugar beets were a significant part of the economy in the early 1900s, followed by sweet corn (marketed as "Chino corn" throughout the Pacific coast area), peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, and strawberries. The city's official logo/crest features an overflowing cornucopia.
The dairy industry flourished from the 1950s through the 1980s, with dairy-friendly zoning in the southwest corner of San Bernardino County encouraging many ethnic Dutch families to locate there and become the cornerstone of the industry. Chino's large, highly efficient dairies made it the largest milk-producing community in the nation's largest milk-producing state.
Because of its pastoral setting and rural flavor, Chino was a popular site for Hollywood crews to shoot "Midwestern" settings. 1960s movies included Bus Riley's Back in Town starring Ann-Margret and Michael Parks; The Stripper, with Joanne Woodward; and the mid-1960s TV series Twelve O'Clock High, refashioning Chino's rural airport into a British airfield with quonset huts among farm fields.
In the 1970s, Chino developed into a small suburban city, forming the western anchor of the Inland Empire region, and now the city's development has gradually taken on a more middle-class character. There are still many industrial areas as well as farm animals such as goats and chickens. According to the 2004 FBI UCR, the city had about 3.6 violent crimes per 1,000 population, which is typical for an American suburb, and its property crime below average.
On July 11, 2017, in a special election, Chino voters voted against Measure H, which would have allowed 30 acres (12 ha) of rural land located near Ontario to be used to build a total of 180 new homes by home builder D.R. Horton. The measure faced considerable opposition from city residents, despite support from the Chino Chamber of Commerce and school district.

## Economy
### Top employers

According to the city's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
| 1 | Chino Valley Unified School District | Over 1,000 |
| 2 | California Institution for Men | Over 1,000 |
| 3 | California Institution for Women | 500–1,000 |
| 4 | Chino Valley Medical Center | 500–1,000 |
| 5 | Wal-Mart | fewer than 500 |
| 6 | Hussmann | fewer than 500 |
| 7 | Best Buy | fewer than 500 |
| 8 | Nature's Best | fewer than 500 |
| 9 | Mission Linen Supply | fewer than 500 |
| 10 | Target | fewer than 500 |
| 11 | Omnia Furniture | fewer than 500 |
| 12 | AEP Industries | fewer than 500 |
| 13 | J. C. Penney | fewer than 500 |
| 14 | Farmers Insurance Group | fewer than 500 |
| 15 | ClosetMaid | fewer than 500 |
Two California state prisons for adults (California Institution for Men and California Institution for Women), as well as the Heman G. Stark Youth Correctional Facility, lie within the city limits.

## Education

Chino is a part of the Chino Valley Unified School District.

### Elementary schools

Chino has had 11 elementary schools:
* El Rancho Elementary (closed in 2008–2009 school year)
* Alicia Cortez Elementary
* Newman Elementary
* E.J. Marshall Elementary
* Dickson Elementary
* Anna Borba Fundamental
* Howard Cattle Elementary
* Richard Gird Elementary (closed in 2008–2009 school year)
* Edwin Rhodes Elementary
* Walnut Avenue Elementary
* Liberty Elementary

### Junior high schools

Chino has four junior high schools:
* Briggs Junior High School
* Ramona Junior High School
* Magnolia Junior High School
* Woodcrest Junior High School

### High schools

Chino has three high schools:
* Don Lugo High School
* Buena Vista High School
* Chino High School

### Charter schools

Chino has one charter school:
* Oxford Preparatory Academy (Closed)
* Allegiance STEAM Academy

### K-8 schools

Chino has three K-8 schools:
* Lyle S. Briggs Fundamental School
* Cal Aero Preserve Academy
* Legacy Academy
Chino is serviced by a satellite center of Chaffey College, a community college.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.7 square miles (77 km$^2$). 29.6 square miles (77 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.04% is water.
* Chino is a suburb in San Bernardino County, located 33 miles (53 km) from the county seat, San Bernardino.
* Los Angeles, 35 miles (56 km)
* Riverside, 26 miles (42 km)
* Santa Ana, 30 miles (48 km)
* Anaheim, 24 miles (39 km)

### Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chino has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Chino has long, hot summers with cool to mild mornings and short, mild, and wet winters with chilly mornings usually in the 40s. Precipitation peaks during the month of February.
Climate data for Chino, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 93 (34) | 95 (35) | 97 (36) | 106 (41) | 104 (40) | 115 (46) | 120 (49) | 115 (46) | 121 (49) | 111 (44) | 100 (38) | 92 (33) | 121 (49) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 83.1 (28.4) | 84.1 (28.9) | 88.9 (31.6) | 95.1 (35.1) | 96.9 (36.1) | 102.8 (39.3) | 105.9 (41.1) | 107.6 (42.0) | 108.3 (42.4) | 100.9 (38.3) | 93.7 (34.3) | 82.9 (28.3) | 111.7 (44.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 69.5 (20.8) | 69.8 (21.0) | 72.5 (22.5) | 77.0 (25.0) | 81.1 (27.3) | 87.6 (30.9) | 93.7 (34.3) | 96.3 (35.7) | 92.7 (33.7) | 84.5 (29.2) | 76.3 (24.6) | 68.7 (20.4) | 80.8 (27.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 55.6 (13.1) | 56.4 (13.6) | 59.1 (15.1) | 62.8 (17.1) | 67.7 (19.8) | 73.0 (22.8) | 78.3 (25.7) | 79.8 (26.6) | 76.5 (24.7) | 68.9 (20.5) | 60.7 (15.9) | 54.6 (12.6) | 66.1 (19.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.7 (5.4) | 42.9 (6.1) | 45.8 (7.7) | 48.7 (9.3) | 54.3 (12.4) | 58.5 (14.7) | 62.9 (17.2) | 63.2 (17.3) | 60.4 (15.8) | 53.3 (11.8) | 45.1 (7.3) | 40.4 (4.7) | 51.4 (10.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 30.2 (−1.0) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 35.6 (2.0) | 39.1 (3.9) | 45.7 (7.6) | 51.3 (10.7) | 56.1 (13.4) | 56.1 (13.4) | 51.5 (10.8) | 43.2 (6.2) | 35.1 (1.7) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 28.0 (−2.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 20 (−7) | 27 (−3) | 28 (−2) | 31 (−1) | 39 (4) | 45 (7) | 50 (10) | 51 (11) | 47 (8) | 33 (1) | 27 (−3) | 23 (−5) | 20 (−7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.17 (55) | 2.68 (68) | 1.43 (36) | 0.55 (14) | 0.17 (4.3) | 0.02 (0.51) | 0.08 (2.0) | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.06 (1.5) | 0.53 (13) | 0.59 (15) | 1.69 (43) | 9.98 (252.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 4.8 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 34.5 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 2006–2020) ||||||||||||||

## Demographics
### 2020

Chino, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 25,267 | 21,659 | 18,833 | 37.62% | 27.77% | 20.60% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 5,100 | 4,529 | 5,212 | 7.59% | 5.81% | 5.70% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 232 | 256 | 256 | 0.35% | 0.33% | 0.28% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 3,242 | 7,932 | 17,255 | 4.83% | 10.17% | 18.88% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 106 | 112 | 102 | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.11% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 113 | 210 | 466 | 0.17% | 0.27% | 0.51% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,278 | 1,292 | 2,438 | 1.90% | 1.66% | 2.67% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 31,830 | 41,993 | 46,841 | 47.39% | 53.85% | 51.25% |
| Total | 67,168 | 77,983 | 91,403 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2010

At the 2010 census Chino had a population of 77,983. The population density was 2,629.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,015.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Chino was 43,981 (56.4%) White (27.8% Non-Hispanic White), 4,829 (6.2%) African American, 786 (1.0%) Native American, 8,159 (10.5%) Asian, 168 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 16,503 (21.2%) from other races, and 3,557 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 41,993 persons (53.8%).
The census reported that 70,919 people (90.9% of the population) lived in households, 164 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,900 (8.8%) were institutionalized.
There were 20,772 households, 9,979 (48.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,426 (59.8%) were married couples living together, 3,041 (14.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,469 (7.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,185 (5.7%) households of unmarried couples; of which 147 (0.7%) were same-sex. 2,840 households (13.7%) were one person and 1,020 (4.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.41. There were 16,936 families (81.5% of households); the average family size was 3.72.
The age distribution was 19,737 people (25.3%) under the age of 18, 8,530 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 25,091 people (32.2%) aged 25 to 44, 18,954 people (24.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,671 people (7.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.
There were 21,797 housing units at an average density of 735.1 per square mile, of the occupied units 14,315 (68.9%) were owner-occupied and 6,457 (31.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 49,280 people (63.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 21,639 people (27.7%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Chino had a median household income of $71,671, with 9.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

### 2000

At the 2000 census there were 67,168 people in 17,304 households, including 14,102 families, in the city. The population density was 3,190.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,231.9/km$^2$). There were 17,898 housing units at an average density of 850.2 per square mile (328.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 55.7% White, 7.8% African American, 0.9% Native American, 4.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 25.6% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 47.4%.
Of the 17,304 households 47.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 14.1% of households were one person and 5.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.4 and the average family size was 3.8.
The age distribution was 28.5% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.1 males.
The median household income was $55,401 and the median family income was $59,638. Males had a median income of $35,855 versus $30,267 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,574. About 6.3% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

The city is governed by a five-member council consisting of a mayor plus four councilmembers. The mayor is elected at-large and council members are elected by district; all serve four-year terms. The city manager and city attorney are appointed by the council. The city's elections, which are plurality, are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years.

### Federal and state representation

Chino is included in the 35th and 39th congressional districts, which are represented by Norma Torres (D–Pomona) and Mark Takano (D–Riverside), respectively.
In the California State Legislature, Chino is in the 20th Senate District, represented by Democrat Caroline Menjivar, and in 52nd Assembly District by Democrat Freddie Rodriquez

## Transportation

The Chino Transit Center is located at 6th and Chino Avenue. From there, the #85 and #88 Omnitrans buses connect northbound to the Montclair Transcenter, where many daily Metrolink, Foothill Transit, Omnitrans, and Silver Streak connections are available to downtown Los Angeles and points in between.

## Notable people

* Brent Billingsley, MLB player
* Chris McFoy, NFL player
* Diana Taurasi, guard for the Phoenix Mercury
* Esera Tuaolo, NFL player
* Geoff Blum, MLB player
* George Uko, NFL player
* Greg Salas, NFL player
* Jarron Gilbert, NFL player
* Joaquin Zendejas, NFL player
* Luis Zendejas, NFL player
* Mark Vander Poel, NFL player
* Max Zendejas, NFL player
* Paul Crowe, NFL player
* R.J. Stanford, NFL player
* Sedrick Ellis, NFL player
* Shelly Martinez, WWE wrestler
* Tony Zendejas, NFL player

## Local attractions

The Planes of Fame and Yanks Air Museum are air museums located at Chino Airport.