OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# McIntyre, Georgia

McIntyre is a town in Wilkinson County, Georgia, United States. The population was 575 in 2020.

## History

McIntyre was founded as a depot on the Central of Georgia Railway. The community was named after Thomas McIntyre, a railroad official. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated McIntyre as a town in 1910.

## Geography

McIntyre is located at 32°50′50″N 83°12′07″W﻿ / ﻿32.847173°N 83.202057°W﻿ / 32.847173; -83.202057. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14 km$^2$), of which 5.2 square miles (13 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km$^2$) (2.99%) is water.

## Demographics

McIntyre, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 261 | 187 | 135 | 36.35% | 28.77% | 23.48% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 413 | 403 | 376 | 57.52% | 62.00% | 65.39% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.14% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 5 | 6 | 18 | 0.70% | 0.92% | 3.13% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 38 | 54 | 46 | 5.29% | 8.31% | 8.00% |
| Total | 718 | 650 | 575 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, there were 718 people, 253 households, and 180 families residing in the town. By 2020, its population was 575.

## Notable people

* Kevin Brown, baseball pitcher
* Travis Jones, assistant defensive line coach for the Atlanta Falcons
* Shannon family, Reality television personalities from the TLC reality show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo
# AG Pegasi

AG Pegasi is a symbiotic binary star in the constellation Pegasus, composed of a red giant and white dwarf which are separated by 2.5 astronomical units and complete an orbit every 818 days. It is classified as a symbiotic nova; it has undergone one extremely slow nova outburst and a smaller outburst.
Initially a magnitude 9 star, AG Pegasi brightened and peaked at an apparent magnitude of 6.0 around 1885 before gradually fading to magnitude 9 in the late 20th century. Its spectrum was noted by earlier observers to resemble P Cygni. The spectrum of the hotter star has changed drastically over 160 years, leading investigators Scott Kenyon and colleagues to surmise that its hotter component, originally a white dwarf, accumulated enough material from the donor giant star to begin burning hydrogen and enlarge and brighten into an A-type white supergiant around 1850. It had this spectrum and an estimated surface temperature of around 10,000 K in 1900, with a likely radius 16 times that of the Sun, before becoming a B-class star in 1920, then an O-class star in 1940, and finally a Wolf-Rayet star in 1970, with a surface temperature of 95,000 K since 1978. It has shrunk to a star with a diameter 1.1 times that of the Sun in 1949, then 0.15 times in 1978 and 0.08 times that of the Sun in 1990. AG Pegasi has been described as the slowest nova ever recorded, with the hotter component having a constant bolometric luminosity for over 130 years from 1850 to 1980. By the late 20th century, it had evolved into a hot subdwarf on its way to eventually returning to white dwarf status.
Vogel and colleagues calculated the hotter star must have been accreting material from the red giant for around 5,000 years before erupting. Both stars are ejecting material in stellar winds. The resulting nebula contains material from both stars and is complex in nature.
From 1997 until 2015, AG Pegasi entered a quiescent phase with no further change to its brightness; then the hot component increased in temperature, which caused the nebulosity around the stars to become more ionised and increase in brightness. The combination of the extremely slow nova and smaller outburst means that AG Pegasi is classed as a symbiotic nova.
# Ruslan Melziddinov

Ruslan Melziddinov (Russian: Руслан Мельзиддинов; born 26 March 1985) is an Uzbekistani professional footballer who currently plays for FC Andijon as a midfielder.

## Career

Melziddinov started his career at Neftchi Farg'ona in 2007. In 2009, he joined Bunyodkor and played 4 seasons for the club. After playing one year in Kazakhstan Premier League at Zhetysu in 2013 he moved back to his former club Neftchi Fergana. In 2015, he joined to Iranian club Naft Masjed Soleyman.

## International

He has made appearances for the Uzbekistan national football team, including a match in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying round.

## Honours
### Bunyodkor

* Uzbek League (3): 2009, 2010, 2011
* Uzbek League runner-up (1): 2012
* Uzbek Cup (1): 2012
* AFC Champions League semifinal: 2012
# Marwan Maalouf

Marwan Maalouf (born November 26, 1976) is a Lebanese-American professional football coach who is the assistant special teams coach for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He has previously served as the special teams coordinator for the Indianapolis Colts and the Minnesota Vikings.

## Playing career

In college, Maalouf earned three letters while playing guard for Baldwin Wallace University from 1997 until 1999. He was a two-time All-Ohio Athletic Conference selection. In addition, he was named Baldwin-Wallace's Outstanding Offensive Lineman and was elected as a team captain for his senior season.

## Coaching career
### Cleveland Browns

Maalouf began his professional football coaching career in 2005 as the special teams quality control coach for the Cleveland Browns. Following his three-year stint with Cleveland, he went on a brief hiatus, spending the duration of the 2007 season writing scouting reports for Scouts Inc. and ESPN.

### Baltimore Ravens

He returned to coaching the following year, this time as the assistant special teams coach for the Baltimore Ravens.

### Indianapolis Colts

Prior to the 2012 NFL season, he left the Ravens, following defensive coordinator Chuck Pagano who had been hired as the head coach of the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts soon named him their special teams coordinator. After one season, he was once again let go.

### Miami Dolphins

In 2013, Maalouf was hired as the Miami Dolphins' assistant special teams coach under special teams coordinator Darren Rizzi.

### Minnesota Vikings

In 2019, After spending six seasons as the Dolphins' assistant special teams coach, Maalouf was hired as the Minnesota Vikings' special teams coordinator. Upon the conclusion of the 2020 season, the Vikings elected not the renew his contract, instead promoting their assistant special teams coach, Ryan Ficken.

### Denver Broncos

In February of 2025, After another extended hiatus from coaching, this one lasting four seasons, Maalouf reunited with Rizzi,who had recently been named the Denver Broncos' new special teams coordinator shortly after the firing of Ben Kotwica. Maalouf would once again hold the position of assistant special teams coach, which had been left vacant after previous assistant Chris Banjo was hired as special teams coordinator of the New York Jets.
# Jutta Stienen

Jutta Stienen (born 3 August 1972) is a Swiss racing cyclist. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's time trial in Florence.
# Strontium sulfate

Strontium sulfate (SrSO$_4$) is the sulfate salt of strontium. It is a white crystalline powder and occurs in nature as the mineral celestine. It is poorly soluble in water to the extent of 1 part in 8,800. It is more soluble in dilute HCl and nitric acid and appreciably soluble in alkali chloride solutions (e.g. sodium chloride).

## Structure

Strontium sulfate is a polymeric material, isostructural with barium sulfate. Crystallized strontium sulfate is utilized by a small group of radiolarian protozoa, called the Acantharea, as a main constituent of their skeleton.

## Applications and chemistry

Strontium sulfate is of interest as a naturally occurring precursor to other strontium compounds, which are more useful. In industry it is converted to the carbonate for use as ceramic precursor and the nitrate for use in pyrotechnics.
The low aqueous solubility of strontium sulfate can lead to scale formation in processes where these ions meet. For example, it can form on surfaces of equipment in underground oil wells depending on the groundwater conditions.
# Jasper Kirkby

Jasper Kirkby is a British experimental particle physicist working at CERN. He is known for his pioneering idea of Tau-Charm Factory, an accelerator for the BEPC II in Beijing. He has led large particle accelerator experiments at SPEAR and the Paul Scherrer Institute. He completed his degrees in Oxford and London, then spent twelve years at Stanford University before joining CERN in 1984. Since 2013, he's been a professor at Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.

## Early life and education

Jasper Kirkby was born in 1948 in Prestwich, United Kingdom. In 1969, he received a M.A. degree in physics from Oriel College in Oxford, United Kingdom. In 1972, he received a Ph.D. degree in high energy physics from Westfield College in London, United Kingdom.

## CLOUD experiment

The CLOUD experiment involves investigating possible physical mechanisms for solar/cosmic ray forcing - a theory whereby cloud nucleation is affected by cosmic rays and the cosmic rays are affected by solar activity. The main purpose of the CLOUD experiment is to simulate the conditions under which clouds form in Earth's atmosphere—specifically, the process by which cloud condensation nuclei form from aerosols in the atmosphere.
Kirkby et al. published the results of CLOUD's first experiment in the journal Nature in 2011, reporting that cosmic rays "seemed to enhance the production of nanometer-sized particles from the gaseous atmosphere by more than a factor of ten." He added, however, that the particles in question are far too small to serve as cloud condensation nuclei, adding, "At the moment, it actually says nothing about a possible cosmic-ray effect on clouds and climate, but it's a very important first step."

## Awards

* Benjamin Y.H. Liu Award of The American Association for Aerosol Research (2019)
# Lotte Labowsky

Carlotta Minna "Lotte" Labowsky (1905–1991) was a Jewish German classicist who left Germany in 1934 and became a Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford. She specialised in "the transmission of ancient Greek thought to the western world", working on the Corpus Platonicum Medii Aevi series and on the library of Bessarion.

## Early life and education

Labowsky was born 23 April 1905 in Hamburg to a Jewish family. She studied classics and philosophy in Munich and then took a doctorate in Heidelberg in 1932. She volunteered in the Warburg Library in Hamburg, established by Aby Warburg whose daughters had been her school-friends. After anti-Jewish legislation was introduced in 1933, the Warburg Library moved to London and became the Warburg Institute, and she was invited to continue her research there; she was a senior research fellow of the Warburg Institute 1946–1951.

## Refugee and scholar

Labowsky moved to Oxford in 1934, and was supported initially by the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, later the Council for At-Risk Academics). She managed to bring her parents, and their furniture, out of Germany before the outbreak of war. By January 1939 the SPSL's support had reduced, and Somerville College offered to support Labowsky through free meals in the Senior Common Room and then through a research grant. The principal of the college, Helen Darbishire, wrote letters to protect Labowsky from internment as an enemy alien, and to ask for her father Norbert to be released after he was interned in June 1940.
Somerville offered her the post of acting librarian in 1943, and in 1946 she was appointed as the Lady Carlisle Senior Research Fellow. She subsequently became an Additional Fellow and a member of the governing body of the college, and was an honorary research fellow from 1972 to 1991.
Her scholarly work included the Corpus Platonicum Medii Aevi, working on this from 1936 along with Raymond Klibansky and continuing alone after 1941. She studied the Greek manuscripts which Bessarion gave to the Republic of Venice, publishing Bessarion's Library and the Biblioteca Marciano in 1979, and wrote his biography for the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. On her death in 1991, Labowsky's legacy to Somerville included a collection of antiquarian books, a painting by Paula Modersohn-Becker and funding for a fellowship named for Rosemary Woolf.
She died in Oxford on 28 July 1991, aged 86. Her obituary in The Times said that she "...embodied the humanist tradition of a bygone age in Europe".

## Selected publications

* Die ethik des Panaitios : untersuchungen zur geschichte des decorum bei Cicero und Horaz (1934, Leipzig : F. Meiner)
* Corpus platonicum medii aevi. Auspiciis Academiae Britannicae adiuvantibus Instituto Warburgiano Londinensi unitisque academiis edidit Raymundus Klibansky. vol. 1. Meno. Interprete Henrico Aristippo. Edidit Victor Kordeuter. Recognovit et praefatione instruxit. Carlotta Labowsky. (1940–1953)
* Bessarion's library and the Biblioteca Marciana : six early inventories (1979, Warburg Institute)
# SWAT (Bangladesh)

The Special Weapons And Tactics (SWAT) (Bengali: বিশেষ অস্ত্র ও কৌশল, সোয়াট) is a tier two police tactical unit of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) of the Bangladesh Police. They operate under the Special Action Group of the Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime (CTTC). The SWAT was formed to recover illegal arms and arrest hardcore terrorists and has a vital role in neutralizing any and all threats.
The SWAT has been regularly deployed outside of Dhaka to respond to terrorist incidents. The Bangladesh Police plans to establish counterterrorism and hostage rescue unit similar to Bangladesh SWAT in all of the Metropolitan Police. A Crisis Response Team (CRT) has been established in Chittagong, Sylhet and in Rajshahi that were trained in the United States and in Jordan.

## History

The SWAT was established on 28 February 2009 as part of the Detective Branch of the DMP under the control of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The SWAT team was scheduled to be operational by March 1 of that year, ready for deployment both within Dhaka and, if necessary, beyond. The unit was designed to be more formidable than the Bangladesh Police's elite tactical unit, the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), and could be mobilized to deal with terrorist groups and high-level criminal threats.
The SWAT completed a 45-day training program conducted by nine United States experts from the Army, FBI SWAT, and Police which was financed by the United States. The United States also provided equipment including M4 carbines, SR-25/AR-10 sniper rifles and Glock 17 pistols.
In 2016, the SWAT was placed under the command of the newly formed Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime. In the same year, the SWAT had 50 members, with 20 new recruits to receive training in the United States with the SWAT aiming to expand to the unit to 100 members.
In 2017, the United States Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), Anti-terrorism Assistance Program (ATA) trained nine SWAT instructors over 7 weeks who conducted two refresher Crisis Response Team courses for 42 SWAT members.

## Operations

The SWAT was deployed for security during the 2008 Bangladeshi general election, Pahela Baishakh and at Shaheed Minar during celebrations for International Mother Language Day.
The SWAT has deployed to many terrorist or militant attacks, including outside of Dhaka in 2017 to Chapainawabganj for Operation "Eagle Hunt" and to Chapainawabganj for Operation "Hit Back". In July 2016, the SWAT responded to the Holey Artisan Bakery terrorist attack in Gulshan Thana with eight SWAT members seriously injured.
# Fruitvale, Colorado

Fruitvale is a census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Mesa County, Colorado, United States. It is part of the Grand Junction, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,271 at the 2020 census, up from 7,675 in 2010. The Grand Junction post office (Zip Code 81504) serves Fruitvale postal addresses.

## Geography

Fruitvale is in central Mesa County, bordered to the west by the city of Grand Junction and to the east and south by unincorporated Clifton. Interstate 70 forms the northern edge of the Fruitvale CDP, and U.S. Route 6 forms the southern edge. The CDP has an area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km$^2$), all land.

### Climate

Climate data for Fruitvale, Colorado :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38 (3) | 46 (8) | 56 (13) | 65 (18) | 75 (24) | 86 (30) | 92 (33) | 90 (32) | 81 (27) | 68 (20) | 51 (11) | 41 (5) | 65.75 (18.75) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 17 (−8) | 24 (−4) | 33 (1) | 39 (4) | 48 (9) | 57 (14) | 63 (17) | 61 (16) | 52 (11) | 41 (5) | 29 (−2) | 19 (−7) | 40.25 (4.58) |
| Source: Intellicast ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Fruitvale CDP for the 1990 United States census.
# Mazdakism

Mazdakism (Persian: مزدکیه) was an Iranian religion, which was an offshoot of Zoroastrianism.
The religion was founded in the early Sasanian Empire by Zaradust-e Khuragen, a Zoroastrian mobad who was a contemporary of Mani (d. 274). However, it is named after its most prominent advocate, Mazdak, who was a powerful and controversial figure during the reign of Emperor Kavad I (r. 498–531).

## Theology

Mazdakism was a dualistic religion that appeared to be influenced by Manichaeism. It taught that there were two principles, light and dark (good and evil) that merged at a primordial time creating the universe. The Mazdakites worshipped the God of Light.

## Ethics

Mazdakism strongly promoted simple and pacifist living. Acts such as murder and killing animals for food or sport were forbidden, as was eating meat. Followers were to treat all people, even their enemies kindly. The movement also believed in the holding of all things in common to reduce greed.

## Citations

* ↑ Crone 2012, p. 22.
* ↑ Daryaee 2014, pp. 26–29.
* ↑ Daryaee, Touraj (3 November 2022). "Mazdak and Late Antique 'Socialism'". www.cambridge.org/core/. Retrieved 24 July 2024. According to sources in Middle Persian of the late Sasanian Empire (AD 224–651), Mazdak promoted the sharing of women and property.

## Cited sources

* Crone, Patricia (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–543. ISBN 9781139510769.
* Daryaee, Touraj (2014). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240. ISBN 978-0857716668.
* Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (2012). "IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (1) Pre-Islamic". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIII/4. pp. 432–439. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
* Yarshater, Ehsan (1983). Cambridge history of Iran The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-24693-4.

## General sources

* Boyce, Mary (2001). Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Psychology Press. pp. 1–252. ISBN 9780415239028.
* Eichenberger, L. (2020). "Communist, Heretic, Rebel. Mazdak and the History of Religion". Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft. 28 (2): 237–258. doi:10.1515/zfr-2019-0029. S2CID 226223689.
* Frye, R. N. (1983), "Chapter 4", The political history of Iran under the Sasanians, The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9
* Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. pp. 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975.
* This Iranian history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Zoroastrianism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Paul Taunton Matthews

Paul Taunton Matthews CBE FRS (19 November 1919 – 26 February 1987) was a British theoretical physicist.

## Biography

Matthews was born in Erode in British India, and was educated at Mill Hill School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he was awarded MA and PhD degrees. He was awarded the Adams Prize in 1958, elected to the Royal Society in 1963, and awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1978. He became head of the Physics Department of Imperial College, London and later vice chancellor of the University of Bath. He was also awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) by the University of Bath in 1983. He was also chairman of the Nuclear Physics Board of the Science Research Council.
He died in Cambridge from injuries sustained in a cycling accident.
# Dorothea Menadier

Dorothea Menadier (11 December 1891 – 24 March 1944) was a German medievalist and numismatist, who studied the coinage of women's monastic houses.

## Biography

Menadier was born on 11 December 1891. She was the daughter of the medieval numismatist and director of the Berlin Coin Cabinet Julius Menadier (de) and Ida, née Freiin von Düring. After attending the Chamissoschule in Berlin-Schöneberg, she studied history at the universities of Tübingen and Berlin. In Berlin, she graduated with a PhD on 21 June 1915. Her thesis was supervised by Michael Tangl. Menadier analysed the coins and coinage of medieval German nunneries and abbesses, a topic that had been suggested by her father.
Menadier's research demonstrated that most of the mints known from the coinage are also known from documentary sources. She also demonstrated that bailiffs were connected to the coinage.
In 1932 she contributed to a women's guidebook to Berlin, entitled Was die Frau von Berlin wissen muß ... : Ein praktisches Frauenbuch für Einheimische und Fremde. She died on 24 March 1944 at the age of 52 when an aerial bomb hit her house in Berlin-Lichterfelde. She was unmarried.

## Selected works

* Die Münzen und das Münzwesen der deutschen Reichsäbtissinnen im Mittelalter (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin., 1915).
# Adela Demetja

Adela Demetja (born 1984 in Tirana) is an Albanian art curator. Since 2007, she has initiated and organised culture projects aimed at fostering regional collaboration in the art and culture sector in South East Europe. Through exhibitions, culture events and articles she promotes artists and art from the SEE region in Europe and the United States.

## Education

Demetja is also trained as a painter and studied fine arts at the Academy of Arts in Tirana in 2006, and at Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design in Karlsruhe

## Career

Since May 2024, Demetja is interim executive director of the Albanian Visual Arts Network.

### Exhibitions

Thematic exhibitions she has curated include:
* 2023-2024 – Terminal for Tirana, art work in public space by Karolina Halatek in Tirana, Albania.
* 2022 – Lumturi Blloshmi. From Scratch], Albanian Pavilion at the 59th Venice Biennale.
* 2021 – Ambitions with the curator Erëmirë Krasniqi, National Gallery of Arts Tirana, Albania and the National Gallery of Kosovo, Prishtina.
* 2020 – A for Unapologetic Vaska Emanouilova Gallery and DOZA Gallery, Sofia Bulgaria, Organized by DOMA Art Foundation.
* 2019 – NEXUS 1'', time-based exhibition for the stage, Time Based Festival, Portland Institute for Contemporary Art, Portland, Oregon, US.
* 2016 – Focus: Ex-Yugoslavia and Albania, ViennaContemporary, Vienna, Austria , works by young and established artists from these countries presented by the institutions: Tirana Art Lab – Center for Contemporary Art], Tirana, Albania.)
* 2016 – Remembering in Form, Gallery Heike Strelow Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
* 2015 – D-0 Ark Underground, Third Edition of International Project Biennale, Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
* 2013 – The Aesthetic of the Small Act, Tessaloniki, Greece.