# 1916 United States Senate elections

The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then an additional two seats through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 52–44 majority.

## Gains, losses, and holds
### Retirements

Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
| Arkansas | James P. Clarke | William F. Kirby |
| California | John D. Works | Hiram Johnson |
| Maine (special) | Edwin C. Burleigh | Bert M. Fernald |
| New Mexico | Thomas B. Catron | Andrieus A. Jones |
| New York | James A. O'Gorman | William M. Calder |
| Pennsylvania | George T. Oliver | Philander C. Knox |

### Defeats

Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
| Delaware | Henry A. du Pont | Josiah O. Wolcott |
| Florida | Nathan P. Bryan | Park Trammell |
| Indiana (special) | Thomas Taggart | James E. Watson |
| Indiana | John W. Kern | Harry S. New |
| Maine | Charles F. Johnson | Frederick Hale |
| Maryland | Blair Lee I | Joseph I. France |
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Frank B. Kellogg |
| New Jersey | James E. Martine | Joseph S. Frelinghuysen |
| Rhode Island | Henry F. Lippitt | Peter G. Gerry |
| Tennessee | Luke Lea | Kenneth McKellar |
| Utah | George Sutherland | William H. King |
| West Virginia | William E. Chilton | Howard Sutherland |
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | John B. Kendrick |

### Post-election changes

Eight Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by appointees except in Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, Democratic Senator Paul O. Husting died on October 21, 1917, and his seat remained vacant until an April 1918 election.
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
| Idaho (Class 3) | James H. Brady | John F. Nugent |
| Kentucky (Class 2) | Ollie Murray James | George B. Martin |
| Louisiana (Class 3) | Robert F. Broussard | Walter Guion |
| Missouri (Class 3) | William J. Stone | Xenophon P. Wilfley |
| Nevada (Class 3) | Francis G. Newlands | Charles Henderson |
| New Hampshire (Class 3) | Jacob H. Gallinger | Irving W. Drew |
| New Jersey (Class 2) | William Hughes | David Baird Sr. |
| Oregon (Class 2) | Harry Lane | Charles L. McNary |
| South Carolina (Class 2) | Benjamin Tillman | Christie Benet |
| Wisconsin (Class 3) | Paul O. Husting | Irvine Lenroot |

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

| | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ | D$_7$ | D$_8$ |
| D$_{18}$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ |
| D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ | D$_{25}$ | D$_{26}$ | D$_{27}$ | D$_{28}$ |
| D$_{38}$ Ariz. Ran | D$_{37}$ | D$_{36}$ | D$_{35}$ | D$_{34}$ | D$_{33}$ | D$_{32}$ | D$_{31}$ | D$_{30}$ | D$_{29}$ |
| D$_{39}$ Ark. (sp) Died | D$_{40}$ Ind. (sp) Ran | D$_{41}$ Fla. Ran | D$_{42}$ Ind. (reg) Ran | D$_{43}$ Maine (reg) Ran | D$_{44}$ Md. Ran | D$_{45}$ Miss. Ran | D$_{46}$ Mo. Ran | D$_{47}$ Mont. Ran | D$_{48}$ Neb. Ran |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | D$_{49}$ Nev. Ran |
| R$_{39}$ Wis. Ran | R$_{40}$ Wyo. Ran | D$_{56}$ W.Va. Ran | D$_{55}$ Va. Ran | D$_{54}$ Texas Ran | D$_{53}$ Tenn. Ran | D$_{52}$ Ohio Ran | D$_{51}$ N.Y. Retired | D$_{50}$ N.J. Ran | D$_{49}$ Nev. Ran |
| R$_{38}$ Wash. Ran | R$_{37}$ Vt. Ran | R$_{36}$ Utah Ran | R$_{35}$ R.I. Ran | R$_{34}$ Pa. Retired | R$_{33}$ N.D. Ran | R$_{32}$ N.M. Retired | R$_{31}$ Minn. Ran | R$_{30}$ Mich. Ran | R$_{29}$ Mass. Ran |
| R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ Calif. Retired | R$_{26}$ Conn. Ran | R$_{27}$ Del. Ran | R$_{28}$ Maine (sp) Died |
| R$_{18}$ | R$_{17}$ | R$_{16}$ | R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ |
| | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ | R$_7$ | R$_8$ |

### Elections results

| | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ | D$_7$ | D$_8$ |
| D$_{18}$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ |
| D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ | D$_{25}$ | D$_{26}$ | D$_{27}$ | D$_{28}$ |
| D$_{38}$ Ariz. Re-elected | D$_{37}$ | D$_{36}$ | D$_{35}$ | D$_{34}$ | D$_{33}$ | D$_{32}$ | D$_{31}$ | D$_{30}$ | D$_{29}$ |
| D$_{39}$ Ark. (sp) Hold | D$_{40}$ Del. Gain | D$_{41}$ Fla. Hold | D$_{42}$ Miss. Re-elected | D$_{43}$ Mo. Re-elected | D$_{44}$ Mont. Re-elected | D$_{45}$ Neb. Re-elected | D$_{46}$ Nev. Re-elected | D$_{47}$ N.M. Gain | D$_{48}$ Ohio Re-elected |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | D$_{49}$ R.I. Gain |
| R$_{39}$ Vt. Re-elected | R$_{40}$ Wash. Re-elected | R$_{41}$ W.Va. Gain | R$_{42}$ Wis. Re-elected | D$_{54}$ Wyo. Gain | D$_{53}$ Va. Re-elected | D$_{52}$ Utah Gain | D$_{51}$ Texas Re-elected | D$_{50}$ Tenn. Hold | D$_{49}$ R.I. Gain |
| R$_{38}$ Pa. Hold | R$_{37}$ N.D. Re-elected | R$_{36}$ N.Y. Gain | R$_{35}$ N.J. Gain | R$_{34}$ Minn. Hold | R$_{33}$ Mich. Re-elected | R$_{32}$ Mass. Re-elected | R$_{31}$ Md. Gain | R$_{30}$ Maine (sp) Hold | R$_{29}$ Maine (reg) Gain |
| R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ Calif. Hold | R$_{26}$ Conn. Re-elected | R$_{27}$ Ind. (reg) Gain | R$_{28}$ Ind. (sp) Gain |
| R$_{18}$ | R$_{17}$ | R$_{16}$ | R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ |
| | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ | R$_7$ | R$_8$ |
| Key | D$_#$ Democratic R$_#$ Republican |

## Race summaries
### Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Maine (Class 2) | Edwin C. Burleigh | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold. | ▌Y Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 54.28% ▌Kenneth C. M. Sills (Democratic) 45.49% ▌Frederick Shepherd (Prohibition) 0.23% |
| Arkansas (Class 3) | James P. Clarke | Democratic | 1903 1909 1914 | Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold. | ▌Y William F. Kirby (Democratic) 69.27% ▌Harmon L. Remmel (Republican) 30.73% |
| Indiana (Class 3) | Thomas Taggart | Democratic | 1916 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain. | ▌Y James E. Watson (Republican) 47.66% ▌Thomas Taggart (Democratic) 46.29% ▌Edward Henry (Socialist) 3.08% Others ▌William H. Hickman (Prohibition) 2.29% ▌John F. Clifford (Progressive) 0.68% |

### Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Arizona | Henry F. Ashurst | Democratic | 1912 (new state) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 55.36% ▌Joseph Henry Kibbey (Republican) 39.4% ▌W. S. Bradford (Socialist) 5.24% |
| California | John D. Works | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | ▌Y Hiram Johnson (Republican) 61.09% ▌George S. Patton (Democratic) 29.54% ▌Walter Thomas Mills (Socialist) 5.25% ▌Marshall Atwood (Prohibition) 4.12% |
| Connecticut | George P. McLean | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 50.17% ▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 46.24% Others ▌Martin Plunkett (Socialist) 2.48% ▌Wilbur Manchester (Prohibition) 0.83% ▌Otto Ruckser (Socialist Labor) 0.29% |
| Delaware | Henry A. du Pont | Republican | 1906 (special) 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Josiah O. Wolcott (Democratic) 49.67% ▌Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 44.77% ▌Hiram A. Burton (Progressive) 4.61% ▌William C. Ferris (Socialist) 0.96% |
| Florida | Nathan P. Bryan | Democratic | 1911 (appointed) 1911 (late) | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86% ▌William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45% ▌R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69% |
| Indiana | John W. Kern | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | ▌Y Harry S. New (Republican) 47.77% ▌John W. Kern (Democratic) 46.14% ▌Joseph Zimmerman (Socialist) 3.06% Others ▌Elwood Haynes (Prohibition) 2.21% ▌John N. Dyer (Progressive) 0.61% ▌Ira Decker (Socialist Labor) 0.22% |
| Maine | Charles F. Johnson | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain. | ▌Y Frederick Hale (Republican) 52.72% ▌Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 46.09% Others ▌James F. Carey (Socialist) 1.0% ▌Arthur C. Jackson (Prohibition) 0.19% |
| Maryland | Blair Lee I | Democratic | 1913 (special) | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain. | ▌Y Joseph I. France (Republican) 49.32% ▌David John Lewis (Democratic) 47.62% Others ▌James Frizzell (Prohibition) 1.44% ▌Sylvester Young (Socialist) 1.12% ▌Frank Lang (Labor) 0.5% |
| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 1905 1911 | Incumbent re-elected | ▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 51.68% ▌John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 45.31% ▌William N. McDonald (Socialist) 3.01% |
| Michigan | Charles E. Townsend | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34% ▌Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85% Others ▌E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41% ▌John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17% ▌Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14% |
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 (special) 1905 1911 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. | ▌Y Frank B. Kellogg (Republican) 48.58% ▌Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 30.84% ▌Willis G. Calderwood (Prohibition) 20.58% |
| Mississippi | John Sharp Williams | Democratic | 1908 (early) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Missouri | James A. Reed | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 50.56% ▌Walter S. Dickey (Republican) 47.44% Others ▌Kate Richards O'Hare (Socialist) 1.87% ▌Joseph Scheidler (Socialist Labor) 0.12% |
| Montana | Henry L. Myers | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 51.06% ▌Charles Nelson Pray (Republican) 43.40% ▌Henry La Beau (Socialist) 5.54% |
| Nebraska | Gilbert Hitchcock | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 49.98% ▌John L. Kennedy (Republican) 45.88% ▌E. E. Olmstead (Socialist) 2.59% ▌D. B. Gilbert (Prohibition) 1.55% |
| Nevada | Key Pittman | Democratic | 1913 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81% ▌Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28% ▌Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91% |
| New Jersey | James E. Martine | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | ▌Y Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 55.99% ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 38.9% ▌William C. Doughty (Socialist) 3.06% Others ▌Livingston Barbour (Prohibition) 1.64% ▌Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor) 0.42% |
| New Mexico | Thomas B. Catron | Republican | 1912 (new state) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01% ▌Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95% ▌W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04% |
| New York | James A. O'Gorman | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. | ▌Y William M. Calder (Republican) 54.32% ▌William F. McCombs (Democratic) 39.22% ▌Joseph Cannon (Socialist) 3.96% Others ▌D. Leigh Colvin (Prohibition) 1.25% ▌Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 0.99% ▌August Gillhaus (Socialist Labor) 0.26% |
| North Dakota | Porter J. McCumber | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 53.85% ▌John Burke (Democratic) 38.24% ▌E. R. Fry (Socialist) 7.91% |
| Ohio | Atlee Pomerene | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 49.26% ▌Myron T. Herrick (Republican) 46.15% ▌C. E. Ruthenberg (Socialist) 3.29% Others ▌Aaron S. Watkins (Prohibition) 1.04% ▌Jacob S. Coxey Sr. (Independent) 0.26% |
| Pennsylvania | George T. Oliver | Republican | 1909 (special) 1911 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | ▌Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31% ▌Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25% ▌Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76% Others ▌Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49% ▌Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12% |
| Rhode Island | Henry F. Lippitt | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94% ▌Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12% Others ▌Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25% ▌Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51% ▌Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19% |
| Tennessee | Luke Lea | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Kenneth McKellar (Democratic) 54.42% ▌Ben W. Hooper (Republican) 44.75% ▌H. H. Mangum (Socialist) 0.83% |
| Texas | Charles A. Culberson | Democratic | 1899 1905 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) 81.3% ▌Alex W. Atcheson (Republican) 13.09% ▌Thomas. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99% ▌Edward. H. Conibear (Prohibition) 0.62% |
| Utah | George Sutherland | Republican | 1905 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William H. King (Democratic) 56.92% ▌George Sutherland (Republican) 39.93% ▌Christian Poulson (Socialist) 3.16% |
| Vermont | Carroll S. Page | Republican | 1908 (special) 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41% ▌Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5% ▌Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1% |
| Virginia | Claude A. Swanson | Democratic | 1910 (appointed) 1911 (appointed) 1912 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Washington | Miles Poindexter | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39% ▌George Turner (Democratic) 37.06% ▌Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95% Others ▌Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21% ▌Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4% |
| West Virginia | William E. Chilton | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | ▌Y Howard Sutherland (Republican) 50.14% ▌William E. Chilton (Democratic) 48.17% ▌G. A. Gneiser (Socialist) 1.7% |
| Wisconsin | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1905 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 59.23% ▌William F. Wolfe (Democratic) 31.9% ▌Richard Elsner (Socialist) 6.85% ▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 2.02% |
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 51.47% ▌Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 45.47% ▌Paul Paulsen (Socialist) 2.61% ▌Arthur B. Campbell (Prohibition) 0.45% |

## Closest races

Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:
| State | Party of winner | Margin |
| Indiana (special) | Republican (flip) | 1.37% |
| Indiana | Republican (flip) | 1.63% |
| Maryland | Republican (flip) | 1.7% |
| West Virginia | Republican (flip) | 1.97% |
| Missouri | Democratic | 3.12% |
| Ohio | Democratic | 3.14% |
| Connecticut | Republican | 3.93% |
| Nebraska | Democratic | 4.1% |
| Delaware | Democratic (flip) | 4.9% |
| New Mexico | Democratic (flip) | 5.06% |
| Wyoming | Democratic (flip) | 6.0% |
| Massachusetts | Republican | 6.37% |
| Nevada | Democratic | 6.53% |
| Maine | Republican (flip) | 6.63% |
| Montana | Democratic | 7.66% |
| Maine (special) | Republican | 8.79% |
| Rhode Island | Democratic (flip) | 8.82% |
| Tennessee | Democratic | 9.67% |

## Arizona

Arizona election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Henry F. Ashurst (incumbent) | 29,873 | 55.36 |
| | Republican | Joseph Henry Kibbey | 21,261 | 39.40 |
| | Socialist | W. S. Bradford | 2,827 | 5.24 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,612 | 15.96 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 53,961 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Arkansas (special)

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.
Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916, to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.
Arkansas special election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | William F. Kirby | 110,293 | 69.27 |
| | Republican | Harmon L. Remmel | 48,922 | 30.73 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 61,371 | 38.55 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 159,215 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## California

1916 United States Senate election in California :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Hiram Johnson | 574,667 | 61.09% |
| | Democratic | George S. Patton | 277,852 | 29.54% |
| | Socialist | Walter Thomas Mills | 49,341 | 5.25% |
| | Prohibition | Marshall W. Atwood | 38,797 | 4.12% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 907,900 | 100.00% |

## Connecticut

1916 U.S. Senate election in Connecticut :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | George P. McLean (inc.) | 107,020 | 50.17% |
| | Democratic | Homer Stille Cummings | 98,649 | 46.24% |
| | Socialist | Martin F. Plunkett | 5,279 | 2.48% |
| | Prohibition | Wilbur G. Manchester | 1,768 | 0.83% |
| | Socialist Labor | Otto Ruckser | 619 | 0.29% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 213,335 | 100.00% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Delaware

1916 U.S. Senate election in Delaware :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Josiah O. Wolcott | 25,434 | 49.67% |
| | Republican | Henry A. du Pont (incumbent) | 22,925 | 44.77% |
| | Progressive | Hiram R. Burton | 2,361 | 4.61% |
| | Socialist | William C. Ferris | 490 | 0.96% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 51,210 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

## Florida

1916 U.S. Senate election in Florida :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Park Trammell | 58,391 | 82.86% |
| | Republican | William R. O'Neal | 8,774 | 12.45% |
| | Socialist | R. L. Goodwin | 3,304 | 4.69% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 70,469 | 100.00% |

## Indiana

There were two elections held November 7, 1916, due to a vacancy. The elections converted both seats from Democratic to Republican, thus marking the first time since the popular-election of Senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment three years earlier that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.

### Indiana (special)

Indiana election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | James Eli Watson | 335,193 | 47.66 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Taggart (incumbent) | 325,577 | 46.29 |
| | Socialist | Edward Henry | 21,626 | 3.08 |
| | Prohibition | William H. Hickman | 16,095 | 2.29 |
| | Progressive | John F. Clifford | 4,798 | 0.68 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 703,289 | 100.00 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |
Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 and served until he died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed by Governor Samuel Ralston on March 20 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916, special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.
Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

### Indiana (regular)

1916 U.S. Senate election in Indiana :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Harry Stewart New | 337,089 | 47.77% |
| | Democratic | John W. Kern (incumbent) | 325,588 | 46.14% |
| | Socialist | Joseph Zimmerman | 21,558 | 3.06% |
| | Prohibition | Elwood Haynes | 15,598 | 2.21% |
| | Progressive | John N. Dyer | 4,272 | 0.61% |
| | Socialist Labor | Ira J. Decker | 1,562 | 0.22% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 705,667 | 100.00% |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |
One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.
New served only until losing renomination in 1922. Kern died on August 17, 1917, the same year he left the U.S. Senate.

## Maine

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

### Maine (special)

Maine election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Bert M. Fernald | 81,369 | 54.27% |
| | Democratic | Kenneth C. Sills | 68,201 | 45.49% |
| | Prohibition | Frederick A. Shepherd | 348 | 2.29% |
| | | Others | 11 | 0.01% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 149,929 | 100.00% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916, to finish the term.
Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

### Maine (regular)

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maine :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Frederick Hale | 79,481 | 52.72% |
| | Democratic | Charles F. Johnson (incumbent) | 69,486 | 46.09% |
| | Socialist | James F. Carey | 1,510 | 1.00% |
| | Prohibition | Arthur C. Johnson | 279 | 0.19% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 7 | 0.01% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 150,763 | 100.00% |
One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.
Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

## Maryland

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maryland :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Joseph I. France | 113,662 | 49.32% | 12.34 |
| | Democratic | David John Lewis | 109,740 | 47.62% | 9.13 |
| | Prohibition | James W. Frizzell | 3,325 | 1.44% | 0.23 |
| | Socialist | Sylvester L. Young | 2,590 | 1.12% | 0.29 |
| | Labor | Robert E. Long | 1,143 | 0.50% | N/A |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 230,460 | 100.00% |

## Massachusetts

1916 United States Senate election in Massachusetts :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Henry Cabot Lodge (incumbent) | 267,177 | 51.68% |
| | Democratic | John F. Fitzgerald | 234,238 | 45.31% |
| | Socialist | William N. McDonald | 15,558 | 3.01% |
| | Write-in | All others | 26 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 516,999 | 100.00% |

## Michigan

1916 U.S. Senate election in Michigan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles E. Townsend (incumbent) | 364,657 | 56.34% |
| | Democratic | Lawrence Price | 257,954 | 39.85% |
| | Socialist | Edward O. Foss | 15,614 | 2.41% |
| | Prohibition | John Y. Johnston | 7,569 | 1.17% |
| | Socialist Labor | Herman Richter | 924 | 0.14% |
| | Independent | Henry Ford (write-in) | 566 | 0.09% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 677,284 | 100.00% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Minnesota

General election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Frank B. Kellogg | 185,159 | 48.58% |
| | Democratic | Daniel W. Lawler | 117,541 | 30.84% |
| | Prohibition | W. G. Calderwood | 78,425 | 20.58% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 381,125 | 100.00% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 67,618 | 17.74% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Mississippi

Mississippi Democratic primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | John Sharp Williams (incumbent) | 74,290 | 100% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 74,290 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Missouri

1916 U.S. Senate election in Missouri :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | James A. Reed (incumbent) | 396,166 | 50.56% |
| | Republican | Walter S. Dickey | 371,710 | 47.44% |
| | Socialist | Kate Richards O'Hare | 14,654 | 1.87% |
| | Socialist Labor | Joseph Scheidler | 962 | 0.12% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 783,492 | 100.00% |

## Montana

1916 United States Senate election in Montana :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Henry L. Myers (incumbent) | 85,585 | 51.06% |
| | Republican | Charles N. Pray | 72,753 | 43.40% |
| | Socialist | Henry La Beau | 9,292 | 5.54% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 167,630 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Nebraska

General election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Gilbert Hitchcock (incumbent) | 143,082 | 49.98% |
| | Republican | John L. Kennedy | 131,359 | 45.88% |
| | Socialist | E. E. Olmstead | 7,425 | 2.59% |
| | Prohibition | D. B. Gilbert | 4,429 | 1.55% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 286,295 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Nevada

General election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Key Pittman (incumbent) | 12,765 | 38.81% |
| | Republican | Samuel Platt | 10,618 | 32.28% |
| | Socialist | Ashley Grant Miller | 9,507 | 28.91% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 32,890 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## New Jersey

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. | 244,715 | 55.99% |
| Democratic | James E. Martine (incumbent) | 170,019 | 38.90% |
| Socialist | William C. Doughty | 13,358 | 3.06% |
| Prohibition | Livingston Barbour | 7,178 | 0.11% |
| Socialist Labor | Rudolph Katz | 1,826 | 0.42% |

## New Mexico

General election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Andrieus A. Jones | 33,981 | 51.01% |
| | Republican | Frank A. Hubbell | 30,609 | 45.95% |
| | Socialist | W. P. Metcalf | 2,028 | 3.04% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 66,618 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

## New York

1916 United States Senate election in New York :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | William M. Calder | 839,314 | 54.32% |
| | Democratic | William F. McCombs | 605,933 | 39.22% |
| | Socialist | Joseph D. Cannon | 61,167 | 3.96% |
| | Prohibition | D. Leigh Colvin | 19,302 | 1.25% |
| | Progressive | Bainbridge Colby | 15,339 | 0.99% |
| | Socialist Labor | August Gillhaus | 4,086 | 0.26% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,545,141 | 100.00% |

## North Dakota

1916 United States Senate election in North Dakota :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Porter J. McCumber (inc.) | 57,714 | 53.85% |
| | Democratic | John Burke | 40,988 | 38.24% |
| | Socialist | E. R. Fry | 8,472 | 7.90% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,726 | 15.61% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 107,174 | 100.00% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Ohio

1916 U.S. Senate election in Ohio :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Atlee Pomerene (incumbent) | 571,488 | 49.26% |
| | Republican | Myron Herrick | 535,391 | 46.15% |
| | Socialist | C. E. Ruthenberg | 38,186 | 3.29% |
| | Prohibition | Aaron S. Watkins | 12,060 | 1.04% |
| | Independent | Jacob Coxey | 2,965 | 0.26% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,160,091 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Pennsylvania

General election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Philander C. Knox | 680,451 | 56.31 |
| | Democratic | Ellis L. Orvis | 450,112 | 37.25 |
| | Socialist | Charles W. Ervin | 45,385 | 3.76 |
| | Prohibition | Herbert T. Ames | 30,089 | 2.49 |
| | Single Tax | Robert Colvin Macauley, Jr. | 1,387 | 0.12 |
| | Socialist Labor | William H. Thomas | 1,022 | 0.09 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,208,446 | 100.00 |

## Rhode Island

1916 U.S. Senate election in Rhode Island :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Peter G. Gerry | 47,048 | 52.94% |
| | Republican | Henry F. Lippitt (incumbent) | 39,211 | 44.12% |
| | Socialist | Frederick W. Hurst | 1,996 | 2.25% |
| | Prohibition | Frank J. Sibley | 454 | 0.51% |
| | Socialist Labor | Peter McDermott | 168 | 0.19% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 88,877 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

## Tennessee

1916 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Kenneth McKellar (incumbent) | 143,718 | 54.42% |
| | Republican | Ben W. Hooper | 118,174 | 44.75% |
| | Socialist | H. H. Magnum | 2,193 | 0.83% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 264,085 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Texas

Incumbent Democrat Charles Culberson survived a challenge from former Governor Oscar Colquitt in the Democratic primary, then easily won the general election.
1916 United States Senate election in Texas :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Charles A. Culberson (incumbent) | 303,035 | 81.30% |
| | Republican | Alex W. Atcheson | 48,788 | 13.09% |
| | Socialist | Thomas A. Hickey | 18,616 | 4.99% |
| | Prohibition | Edward H. Conibear | 2,319 | 0.62% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 372,758 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Utah

General election results :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | William H. King | 81,057 | 56.92% |
| Republican | George Sutherland (incumbent) | 56,862 | 39.93% |
| Socialist | Christian Poulson | 4,497 | 3.16% |
| Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

## Vermont

United States Senate election in Vermont, 1916 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Carroll S. Page (inc.) | 47,362 | 74.4 |
| | Democratic | Oscar C. Miller | 14,956 | 23.5 |
| | Socialist | Norman E. Greenslet | 1,336 | 2.1 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 63,654 | 100 |
The 1916 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1916. It was the second direct election for the U.S. Senate to take place in Vermont following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the first for Vermont's Class I seat. The incumbent, Republican Carroll S. Page successfully ran for re-election to a second full term.
In the primary election, which was held on September 11, Page gained re-nomination by winning 62 percent of the vote to defeat former governor Allen M. Fletcher (20.3) and current governor Charles W. Gates (17.7).
With the Republican Party dominant in Vermont, as it had been since its founding in the 1850s, Democratic candidate Oscar C. Miller was little more than a token opponent for Page. In the general election, Page defeated Miller 74.4 percent to 23.5.

## Virginia

Virginia election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Claude A. Swanson (incumbent) | 133,061 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 133,061 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Washington

Washington election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Miles Poindexter (incumbent) | 202,287 | 55.39 |
| | Democratic | George Turner | 135,339 | 37.06 |
| | Socialist | Bruce Rogers | 21,709 | 5.95 |
| | Prohibition | Joseph A. Campbell | 4,411 | 1.21 |
| | Progressive | Walter J. Thompson | 1,442 | 0.40 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 66,948 | 18.33 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 365,188 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## West Virginia

West Virginia election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Howard Sutherland | 144,243 | 50.14 |
| | Democratic | William E. Chilton (incumbent) | 138,585 | 48.17 |
| | Socialist | G. A. Gneiser | 4,881 | 1.70 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,658 | 1.97 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 287,709 | 100.00 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

## Wisconsin

Wisconsin election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Robert M. La Follette (incumbent) | 249,906 | 59.23 |
| | Democratic | William F. Wolfe | 134,611 | 31.90 |
| | Socialist | Richard Elsner | 28,908 | 6.85 |
| | Prohibition | Charles L. Hill | 8,528 | 2.02 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 115,295 | 27.32 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 421,953 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Wyoming

Wyoming election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | John B. Kendrick | 26,324 | 51.47 |
| | Republican | Clarence D. Clark (incumbent) | 23,258 | 45.47 |
| | Socialist | Paul L. Paulsen | 1,334 | 2.61 |
| | Prohibition | Arthur B. Campbell | 231 | 0.45 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,066 | 5.99 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 51,147 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |