OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tony Haymet

Anthony Haymet (born 5 February 1956) is an Australian oceanographer and chemist who has been Australia's chief scientist since January 2025.

## Career and education

In 1978, Haymet completed his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry at the University of Sydney before working in the United States at Harvard University, UC Berkeley and the University of Utah between 1981 and 1991. During his time in the United States, Haymet completed his PhD at the University of Chicago in chemistry. He was later awarded an honorary doctorate in science by the University of Sydney in 1997.
In 1991, Haymet returned to Australia and worked as a professor and chair of theoretical chemistry at the University of Sydney, in addition to working at the University of Houston from 1998. By 2003, Haymet joined the CSIRO as its chief in Marine and Atmospheric Research. In this role at the CSIRO, Haymet would collaborate with various stakeholders and institutions to develop and enhance its research capabilities, regarding the ships and buildings that enabled that research to be successful.
Haymet became the chair of the board at the Antarctic Science Foundation in 2021; a position he would hold until 2025. In this role, he continued to coordinate research into Antarctica through organisations such as the CSIRO and various universities.
In January 2025, the Minister for Industry and Science, Ed Husic invited Haymet to become the 10th chief scientist of Australia, following the retirement of Cathy Foley.
Throughout Haymet's career, he has been a member of the Climate Change Authority Board as well as the chair of the Oceans Council at the World Economic Forum (WEF). Moreover, Haymet has been a fellow of a number of Australian institutions including the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (FRACI), as well as the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (FTSE), in addition to the Australian Institute of Company Directors (FAICD).
# Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority

The Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA), (Dari: اداره ملی مبارزه با حوادث افغانستان, Pashto: د افغانستان د طبیعي پېښو پر وړاندې د مبارزې ملي اداره) also called the Ministry of Disaster Management, is a ministry and authority of Afghanistan. It was established on 16 February 1973 as the Department of Disaster Preparedness (DDP).
In October 2015, Ghani decided to upgrade the directorate of disaster management to the State Ministry for Disaster Management and appointed Wais Barmak as the minister (he was later replaced). The currently responsible minister is Mohammad Abbas Akhund.

## Ministers

| Name | Term | Supreme Leader | Ref(s) |
| Mohammad Abbas Akhund | 23 November 2021 – Present | Hibatullah Akhundzada | |
# Leo Meyer (philologist)

Leo Karl Heinrich Meyer (3 July 1830 – 6 June 1910) was a German philologist who spent much of his career in the Governorate of Livonia (now Estonia).

## Biography

He was born at Bledeln [Wikidata], a village in the present-day district of Hildesheim, near Hanover. He was educated at Göttingen and Berlin, where he was a student of the Brothers Grimm. From 1862 to 1865, he was professor in Göttingen, and in 1865 he became professor of comparative philology at Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia). One of his students there was Nikolai Anderson. From 1869 to 1899 he was the president of the Learned Estonian Society. In 1898 he again accepted a chair at Göttingen. He died in Göttingen.

## Writings

His contributions to philological literature include:
* Vergleichende Grammatik der griechischen und lateinischen Sprache (Comparative grammar of Greek and Latin; 1861–65)
* Die gothische Sprache (The Gothic tongue; 1869)
* Handbuch der griechischen Etymologie (Handbook of Greek etymology; 1901)
Other writings include:
* Glauben und Wissen (Belief and knowledge; 1876)
* Ueber das Leben nach dem Tode (On life after death; 1882)

## References / Further reading

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Meyer, Leo" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
* Schlüter, Wolfgang (1911), "Nekrolog: Prof. Dr. Leo Meyer (Obituary)", Sitzungsberichte der gelehrten estnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpat 1910, Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft (Jurjew-Dorpat), pp. 167–172, hdl:10062/20920
* 1 2 "BBLD - Baltisches biografisches Lexikon digital". Göttingen: Baltische Historische Kommission. 2012. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021.
* ↑ "Anderson, Nikolai Karl Adolf". Göttingen: Baltische Historische Kommission. 2012.
# Francisque Xavier Michel

Francisque Xavier Michel (18 February 1809, Lyon – 18 May 1887, Paris) was a French historian and philologist.

## Life

He became known for his editions of French works of the Middle Ages, and the French Government, recognizing their value, sent him to England (1833) and Scotland (1837) to continue his research there. In 1837 he became a member of the Comité Historique and in 1838 chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. In 1839 he was appointed professor of foreign literature in the Faculté des lettres at the University of Bordeaux. Between 1834 and 1842 he published editions of many works written between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries in French, English, and Saxon, including the Roman de la rose and the Chanson de Roland. He got his licence in literature in 1842, and his doctorat in 1846, with a thesis in Latin on Virgil and a thesis in French, entitled: Histoire des races maudites de la France et de l'Espagne. Subsequently, he published French translations of Goldsmith, Sterne, Shakespeare, and Tennyson. In 1857 he published his important book on the Basque Country: Le Pays Basque, sa population, sa langue, ses moeurs, sa littérature et sa musique.

## Publications

* Quae vices quaeque mutationes et Virgilium ipsum et ejus carmina per mediam aetatem exceperint. (thesis, 1846).
* Histoire des races maudites de la France et de l'Espagne (thesis, 1847)
* Recherches sur le commerce pendant le moyen âge (1852–1854)
* Les Ecossais en France et les français en Ecosse (1862)
* Etudes de philologie comparée sur l'argot (1856)
* Le Pays basque (1857)
* Le Romancero du Pays Basque (1859)
* Histoire du commerce et de la navigation a Bordeaux (1867–1871)
* in conjunction with Édouard Fournier, Histoire des hôtelleries, cabarets, hotels garnis (1851–1854)

## Edited texts

Michel was one of the most prolific editors of medieval French texts. His Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua gallica lists 50 of his works, both editions of Medieval texts and original works. The following is a selected bibliography.
* Tristan; recueil de ce qui reste des poëmes relatifs à ses aventures, 1835. Edition of several poems on the subject of Tristan
* Charlemagne an Anglo-Norman Poem of the twelfth Century, 1836
* Chronique des ducs de Normandie par Benoît, trouvère anglo-normand du XII$^e$ siècle, 1836-44. Three volumes, 44,544 verses in total
* La Chanson de Roland, 1837
* La Chanson des Saxons par Jean Bodel, 1839. Two volumes
* Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle of the War between the English and the Scots in 1173 and 1174, 1840
* Gérard de Rossillon, 1856
* Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua gallica (The Oxford Psalter), 1860. Includes variants from the Winchester Psalter and the Corbie Psalter [Wikidata]
* Le Roman de la Rose, 1864. Two volumes
* Le Livre des psaumes (The Eadwine Psalter), 1876
* Les voyages merveilleux de saint Brandan, 1878
* Rôles Gascons Transcrits et Publiés [Gascon Rolls, Transcribed and Published] (in French), vol. I: 1242–1254, Paris: National Printing Office, 1885.
# The Maestro's Company

The Maestro's Company is an Australian television series that originally aired on SBS in 1985. Conceived by Marcia Hatfield, it was designed to introduce children to opera.

## Synopsis

Two children stumble across an old theatre occupied by an opera company of puppets.

## Production

The show cost $1.3 million and featured puppets created by Beverley Campbell-Jackson, each costing $10,000. It features songs sung by real opera stars such as Dame Joan Sutherland, Placido Domingo and Renata Tebaldi. The song were taken from Decca recordings. The show was filmed in Balmain's Bijou Theatre.

## Cast

* Justine Clarke as Tina
* Adam Willits as Johnny

## Reception

Bronwyn Watson of the Sydney Morning Herald gave it a positive review stating "The Maestro's Company is a good mixture — it doesn't lose the flavour of the opera nor does it overdose on singing. I think it is a successful marriage between television and opera." Also in the Sydney Morning Herald Jacqueline Lee Lewes writes "As clever and refreshing the may be, Maestro's Company is definitely one for kids."

## Soundtrack

A double record soundtrack titled The Maestro's Company of Arias and Scenes from the operas featured in the TV series was released on Decca Jubilee.
# Hirschel de Minerbi

Oscar Hirschel de Minerbi (April 25, 1838 – 1908) was an Italian diplomat.

## Biography

Oscar Hirschel de Minerbi was born in 1838 into a prosperous and distinguished Jewish family from Trieste. He received his education at the University of Padua, where he earned his law degree in on December 20, 1864.
De Minerbi entered the civil service of Italy on March 20, 1867. His diplomatic career began as an attaché at the Paris legation in August 1867, followed by an assignment in Bern the following year (August 1878). He was next transferred to Constantinople (December 1870), London (July 1871), Bern (June 1872), Brussels (June 1877), and Bucharest (June 1880). Ultimately, he returned to London for a second term in 1889, where he remained until he retired from the service.
Before transitioning to private life, he set aside the sum of 80,000 lire for the establishment of an institute intended to support the welfare of widows and orphans left behind by diplomats.

## Awards

De Minerbi was made an Officer of the Order of the Medjidie (December 1870), a Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy (June 1876), a Knight of the Order of Leopold in (February 1879), a Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania (December 1880), and a Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (June 1881).
# 1946 Brown Bears football team

The 1946 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University in the Ivy League during the 1946 college football season.
In their third season under head coach Charles "Rip" Engle, the Bears compiled a 3–5–1 record, and were outscored 184 to 122 by opponents. J. Lalikos was the team captain.
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Canisius* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 14–6 | 12,716 |
| October 5 | at Princeton | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | L 12–33 | 16,000 |
| October 12 | Rhode Island State* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI (rivalry) | W 29–0 | 20,000 |
| October 19 | Dartmouth | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 20–13 | 20,000 |
| October 26 | Boston University* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | T 14–14 | 12,000 |
| November 2 | at Holy Cross* | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | L 19–21 | 15,000 |
| November 9 | at Yale | Yale BowlNew Haven, CT | L 0–49 | 40,000 |
| November 16 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | L 0–28 | 20,000 |
| November 28 | Colgate* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 14–20 | 20,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||

## After the season

The 1947 NFL draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Bear was selected.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL club |
| 24 | 222 | Tom Dorsey | Back | Chicago Cardinals |
# Maladaptation

In evolution, a maladaptation (/ˌmælædæpˈteɪʃən/) is a trait that is (or has become) more harmful than helpful, in contrast with an adaptation, which is more helpful than harmful. All organisms, from bacteria to humans, display maladaptive and adaptive traits. In animals (including humans), adaptive behaviors contrast with maladaptive ones. Like adaptation, maladaptation may be viewed as occurring over geological time, or within the lifetime of one individual or a group.
Maladaptation can arise when adaptations to environmental challenges have unintended harmful effects by either decreasing the current fitness of the organism or creating new risks which may decrease survivability. This could be caused by changes in trait distribution from genetic loading, exogenous environmental changes in the fitness landscape, or feedback in eco-plasticity, altering the fitness landscape.
It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on. This is because it is possible for an adaptation to be poorly selected or become more of a dysfunction than a positive adaptation, over time.

## Examples

Neuroplasticity is defined as "the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life". Neuroplasticity is seen as an adaptation that helps humans to adapt to new stimuli, especially through motor functions in musically inclined people, as well as several other hand-eye coordination activities. An example of maladaptation in neuroplasticity within the evolution of the brain is phantom pain in individuals who have lost limbs. While the brain is exceptionally good at responding to stimuli and reorganizing itself in a new way to then later respond even better and faster in the future, it is sometimes unable to cope with the loss of a limb, even though the neurological connections are lost. According to the findings of one journal "Adaptation and Maladaptation" in some cases, the changes that had previously aided the human brain to best suit an environment could also become maladaptive. In this case, with the loss of a limb, the brain is perceiving pain, though there are no nerves or signals from the now missing limb to give the brain that perception.
# 2024 BNP Paribas Open – Mixed doubles

For the first time, a Mixed Doubles Invitational was held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden alongside main draw play of the ATP and WTA 1000 tournament. The eight-team event was in a knockout format and offered $150,000 in total prize money.
Storm Hunter and Matthew Ebden won the inaugural edition by defeating Caroline Garcia and Édouard Roger-Vasselin in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| Storm Hunter Matthew Ebden | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| Ena Shibahara Joe Salisbury | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| Ena Shibahara Joe Salisbury | 3 | 5 | | S Hunter M Ebden | 6 | 5 | [10] | | | |
| | | | | T Townsend J Withrow | 4 | 7 | [3] | | | |
| Kateřina Siniaková Tomáš Macháč | 5 | 5 | | T Townsend J Withrow | 4 | 7 | [3] | | | |
| Taylor Townsend Jackson Withrow | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| Taylor Townsend Jackson Withrow | 7 | 7 | | | | | | S Hunter M Ebden | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | C Garcia É Roger-Vasselin | 3 | 3 |
| Daria Saville John Peers | 5 | 6 | [11] | | | | | | | | C Garcia É Roger-Vasselin | 3 | 3 |
| Bethanie Mattek-Sands Mate Pavić | 7 | 4 | [9] | | | | | | | |
| Bethanie Mattek-Sands Mate Pavić | 7 | 4 | [9] | D Saville J Peers | 3 | 7$^8$ | [8] | | | |
| | | | | C Garcia É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | |
| Desirae Krawczyk Andrew Harris | 4 | 7$^7$ | [8] | C Garcia É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | |
| Caroline Garcia Édouard Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6$^5$ | [10] | | | | | | | |
# Dmitry Svishchev

Dmitry Aleksandrovich Svishchev (Russian: Дмитрий Александрович Свищёв; born May 22, 1969, in Moscow) is a Russian politician, a deputy of the 7th State Duma of the Russian Federation. He rose to prominence as a businessman and sports administrator.
Svishchev continues his involvement in national and international sports through his membership in the State Duma Committee on Physical Culture, Sport and Youth Affair, and as president of the Russian Curling Federation.
On 24 March 2022, the United States Treasury sanctioned him in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Biography
### Business career

After discharge from the Soviet Armed Forces, Svishchev founded a modeling agency in 1994. This was followed by business interests in a hardware supplier and in Europodium, which specializes in mobile stage structures for entertainment events. He then became deputy general manager of Krylatskoye Sports Complex, a major complex with features including an archery field and a velodrome.
In 1999, he founded the first professional ski club in Russia. He remained president of the club until 2007.

### Education

Svishchev graduated from the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation in 2004, specializing in finance and credit.

### Sports administration career

Svishchev was first vice-president of the Russian Federation of Skiing and Snowboarding, which began holding major competitions in alpine skiing with his direct participation and leadership. He contributed to the decision in 2007 by the International Ski Federation to hold the Snowboard World Cup in two disciplines in Russia for the first time. This event included the first ever parallel slalom course on the world's biggest snow ramp.
Since 2010, Svishchev has been president of the Russian Curling Federation. During his leadership of the Federation, Russia national curling teams have been near the top of world rankings, and Russians won medals for the first time at the World Cup. In Moscow and Sochi, specialized sites were built under the supervision of the Curling Federation, including the Olympic facility, the Ice Cube Curling Center.

## Olympics

As Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Physical Culture, Sport and Youth Affairs, Svishchev proposed that Russian athletes be exempted from income tax for prizes and incentive payments earned from their competing at the Olympics, Paralympics and Deaflympics. He stated that it would raise the prestige of athletes, and also demonstrate national support for their efforts.
Svishcev is known for his controversial statements, frequently accusing the United States and Japan of running an influence campaign within the IOC with a goal of discrediting Russian athletes and make Russia unable to win many medals and improve its international prestige.
During the 2021 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Svishchev compared Russia's victory over Sweden to the Battle of Poltava of 1709.
# Sanspareils Greenlands

Sanspareils Greenlands (SG) is an Indian cricket equipment manufacturer. The company was founded in 1931 in Sialkot in British India before moving to the current location in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1950. It specialises in manufacturing various equipment used for cricket and the company manufactures the red ball used in all Test cricket and First-class cricket matches in India.

## History

The company was founded by brothers Kedarnath and Dwarakanath Anand in Sialkot, present-day Pakistan in 1931. Originally from Lahore, the brothers apprenticed at their uncle’s sports shop before deciding to diversify their family’s leather business into sports equipment manufacturing and exports. By the start of World War II, the company employed around 250 workers and remained operational during the war. After the partition of India, the family moved to Agra and later settled in Meerut in 1950. In 1972, the company introduced its own line of protective cricket gear under the brand Featherlite.
In the 1980s, the company shifted its focus primarily to cricket equipment, including bats, balls, pads, and gloves, as the demand for skilled craftsmanship in cricket products increased. In 1982, the company began selling its products under its own brand and opened a second manufacturing unit. Around the same time, Wasi Ullah Khan, a former state-level cricketer, joined as a junior manager. By 1992, the company began supplying cricket balls for Ranji Trophy matches after approval from the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). This eventually extended to Test cricket.

## Products

The company manufactures cricket clothing and equipment including bats, balls and other equipment. The company manufactures the red balls used in all Test cricket in India since 1994. The ball is hand-stitched with a more prominent seam resulting from the thicker thread used for stitching. While its pronounced seam makes it last longer, the ball does not swing earlier but starts swinging later. The protruding seam gives more control for the fast bowlers and a firm grip for the spinners.
# Tech Field (San Antonio)

Tech Field was a baseball stadium, located in San Antonio, Texas, from 1921 until 1946. It served as the home of the San Antonio Missions of the Texas League. It also served as the spring training site of the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1936 and the St. Louis Browns from 1937 to 1941. The field belonged to Fox Tech High School.
The Missions team moved to Tech Field after a June 18, 1932, fire destroyed the club's former home at League Park. The Missions then were affiliated with the St. Louis Browns, which had made some moves in the late 1930s toward buying the property. The Browns front office passed when offered the opportunity again, months before the city school district decided to sell it to the San Antonio Transit Company, forerunner of VIA Metropolitan Transit, for $160,000. Alamo Stadium, then opened in 1940 and become the chief venue for high school football. Tech Field was deem non-essential to the school district. The Missions were allowed to play there for a final season in 1946, before the field was demolished.
# The Fault Is Not Yours

The Fault Is Not Yours (Korean: 어제 일은 모두 괜찮아) is a 2019 South Korean drama film directed and produced by Lee Seong-han and written by Lee Seong-han and Jeon Jung. The film is based on the book Yomawari Sensei by Osamu Mizutani.
The film premiered at the Jeonju International Film Festival in May 2019, and was released in South Korea on November 21, 2019.

## Plot

Minjae is a teacher who feels responsible for dropout students, especially from his past where he fails to protect his students. Soon, he meets four students who are left out from school and their homes.

## Cast

* Kim Jae-cheol as Min-jae
* Yoon Chan-young as Joon-young / Ji-geun
* Son Sang-yeon as Yong-joo
* Kim Jin-young as Hyun-jung
* Kim Min-ju as Soo-yeon
* Lee Eun-saem as Mi-ran

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| 2020 | Cine Rewind | Special New Actor of the Year | Kim Min-ju | Won | |
# California flood of 1605

The California flood of 1605 was a massive flood that submerged large portions of present-day California (once known as Alta California). The megaflood was a result of sustained major rain storms across the region, enhanced by an unusually powerful atmospheric river. The flooding affected the indigenous peoples of California, in pre-industrial advancement populations.
In addition to this event, geologic evidence indicates that other "megafloods" occurred in the California region in the following years A.D.: 212, 440, 603, 1029, c. 1300, 1418, 1750, 1810, and 1861–1862. United States Geological Survey sediment research revealed that the 1605 flood deposited a layer of silt two inches thick at the Santa Barbara basin, indicating that it was the worst flood event of the past 2,000 years, being at least 50% more powerful than any of the others recorded based on geological evidence. The United States Geological Survey has developed a hypothetical scenario, known as the "ARkStorm", that describes the effects of a similar event in modern-day California.
In 1861–1862, another atmospheric river event resulted in the Great Flood of 1862, which submerged most of Central Valley and parts of Southern California, and caused the state capital to be temporarily moved from the flooded Sacramento to San Francisco, with other adjacent western states also flooded.