# Baranagar

Baranagar is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
It is home to the Indian Statistical Institute, an institution of national importance devoted to the research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences. Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School is one of the oldest and most renowned schools in Baranagar.
Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals, castor oil, and matches; Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printing companies and book publishers.

## Etymology

The word Baranagar derives from the Bengali term Barahanagore (Bengali: বরাহনগর), meaning "City of the Hogs". (বরাহ: hog, নগর: city) Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export.
There are several explanations for the etymology of this name:
* Map of Bengal by De Barros in 1550 showing "Bernagar" which refers to BaranagarBaranagar or Barahanagar, meaning the "big" (Bara) and "town or land" (nagar) of the "pig" (baraha).
* Baranagar might be named after Varaha avatar of Vishnu.

## History

The earliest reference of Baranagar can be found in Sri Sri Chaitanya Bhagabat written by Sri Brindaban Das where it was said that Chaitanya Mahaprabhu came to Baranagar in 1512. He writes:
   হেন মতে পাণিহাটী গ্রাম ধন্য করি।
   আছিলেন কথোদিন শ্রীগৌরাঙ্গ হরি ॥
   তবে প্রভু আইলেন বরাহনগরে।
   মহাভাগ্যবন্ত এক ব্রাহ্মণের ঘরে ॥
   সেই বিপ্র বড় সুশিক্ষিত ভাগবতে।
   প্রভু দেখি ভাগবত লাগিলা পড়িতে ॥ এতেক তোমার নাম ভাগবতাচার্য।
   ইহা বিনে আর কোন না করিহ কার্য।
References to Baranagar can be found in many literary texts dating to 17th and 18th centuries. Even maps made by Dutch and Portuguese had references to Baranagar as "Bernagar" or "Barrenger".
Baranagar Municipality was established in 1869; it is one of the oldest municipalities in India. The Dutch had homes there in the seventeenth century. Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export. Later it became the centre for the extensive jute trade, manufacturing gunny bags. A major road (Surya Sen Road) parallel to the Hooghly river connects Baranagar Bazaar with Dakshineswar. In between temples such as Kaancher Mandir (i.e. Glass Temple), Joy Mitra Kali Bari and Pathbari are located.
Portuguese colonist first established their business camp here, which was in existence till 1862. Dutch settlers established their ‘Kuthi’ or office for business. Dutch supremacy ended with the arisen of British power in Bengal. M/s. Colvin Cow II Co. was the pioneer of industrial Baranagar. They founded a Sugar Mill near Alambazar. Later George Henderson founded Borneo Jute Factory at that site. In 1859, the factory was renamed Baranagar Jute Factory and is still in existence. The Baranagar Jute Factory was the first mechanical Jute Factory in India. During the two World Wars, many engineering factories were set up in Baranagar, and the town became famous as Industrial City. To provide civic amenities, North Suburban Municipality was formed in 1869 consisting of Chitpur and Cossipore (presently under Kolkata M.C.), all mouzas of present Baranagar Municipal Area along with Kamarhati, Ariadaha and Dakshineswar mouzas of present Kamarhati Municipality. In 1881 North Suburban Municipality was divided into two parts, 1) Cossipore- Chitpur Municipality (later amalgamated with Kolkata Municipal area) and 2) Baranagar Municipality. On 1 August 1899, Kamarhati Municipality was formed, parting Kamarhati and Ariadaha Mouzas from Baranagar. In 1949 Dakshineswar Mouza was parted from Baranagar and merged with Kamarhati Municipality.
Baranagar was one or majorly affected cities during the Naxalbari Uprising. In the early 1970s, a massacre took place in the city as the Congress led Indian state retaliated against the political movement. The joint operation of the police and criminals attacked alleged Naxalites as well as their family members. The family of a congressman wasn't spared either Grotesque killings took place as more than 100-1000 people were torched, gunned down or hacked to death. The police never bothered to give any official number. There has been call for a judicial enquiry but none took place even after 50 years have passed. The culprits were never brought to books. There are allegations by political activists that those policemen who were involved in the killings were later promoted to higher ranks.
In Kuthighat (Baranagar), there was an old house/lodge of Dutch merchants.

## Geography
### Location

Baranagar is located at 22°38′N 88°22′E﻿ / ﻿22.64°N 88.37°E﻿ / 22.64; 88.37. It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet). It is situated east of the Hooghly River. Baranagar Municipal area lies between Sinthee More and Dunlop.
Baranagar is bounded by Dakshineswar and PWD Road on the north, Noapara metro depot and adjacent areas of South Dum Dum on the east, Sinthee and Cossipore in Kolkata district on the south and Hooghly river on the west.

### Police Station

Baranagar police station under Barrackpore Police Commissionerate has jurisdiction over the parts of Baranagar Municipal areas.

### Climate

In summer, i.e. from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a maximum of 38 °C (100 °F) to a minimum of 25 °C (77 °F).
Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November.
The weather is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers.
Climate data for Baranagar :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) | 29.1 (84.4) | 33.5 (92.3) | 35.3 (95.5) | 35.4 (95.7) | 34 (93) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.3 (90.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 27 (81) | 31.7 (89.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 26 (79) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 22.2 (71.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20 (0.8) | 40 (1.6) | 40 (1.6) | 60 (2.4) | 140 (5.5) | 280 (11.0) | 400 (15.7) | 340 (13.4) | 280 (11.0) | 140 (5.5) | 20 (0.8) | 10 (0.4) | 1,770 (69.7) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 23 | 22 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 125 |
| Source: Baranagar Weather ||||||||||||||

## Notable residents
### Spiritual Leaders

* Ramakrishna
* Sitaramdas Omkarnath
* Sarada Devi
* Swami Vivekananda
* Ramakrishnananda
* Swami Brahmananda
* Rani Rashmoni
* Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
* Swami Yogananda
* Swami Premananda
* Swami Niranjanananda
* Swami Shivananda
* Swami Saradananda
* Swami Abhedananda
* Swami Adbhutananda
* Swami Turiyananda
* Swami Advaitananda
* Swami Trigunatitananda
* Swami Subodhananda
* Swami Akhandananda
* Swami Vijnanananda
* Swami Tathagatananda

### Academician and Writers

* Rabindranath Tagore
* Manik Bandopadhyay
* Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
* Sanjib Chattopadhyay
* Bhaskar Chakraborty
* Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
* Dwijesh Dutta Majumdar
* Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri
* C. A. Murthy

### Sports

* Rajib Bhattacharya
* Atanu Das
* Dola Banerjee
* Rahul Banerjee

### Entertainment

* Sisir Bhaduri
* Ganapati Chakraborty
* Jaya Bachchan (née Bhaduri)
* Sabitri Chatterjee
* Rudraprasad Sengupta
* Swatilekha Sengupta
* Sohini Sengupta
* Jeet Gannguli
* Shiboprosad Mukherjee
* Abhishek Chatterjee
* Shaan
* Manas Mukherjee
* Sagarika

### Others

* Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta) (Mother of Subhas Chandra Bose)
* Tanmoy Bhattacharya
* Sambhu Chandra Mukherjee
* Lieutenant Kanad Bhattacharya
* Sasipada Banerji
* Rajkumari Banerji
* Albion Rajkumar Banerjee
* Hemanta Mukherjee (Advocate)

## Demographics
### Population

As per the 2011 Census of India, Baranagar had a total population of 245,213, of which 126,187 (51%) were males and 119,026 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 16,825. The total number of literates in Baranagar was 208,779 (91.41% of the population over 6 years), male literates are 110,118 (93.69%) and female literates are 98,661 (89%).
As of 2001 India census, Baranagar had a population of 250,615. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Baranagar has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Religion in Baranagar :
| Religion | Population (1941)$^{:23}$ | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011) | Percentage (2011) |
| Hinduism | 45,109 | 82.84% | 232,839 | 94.95% |
| Islam | 8,874 | 16.29% | 7,269 | 2.96% |
| Sikhism | 5 | 0.01% | 2,810 | 1.15% |
| Christianity | 242 | 0.44% | 653 | 0.26% |
| Others | 221 | 0.40% | 1,642 | 0.68% |
| Total Population | 54,451 | 100% | 245,213 | 100% |

### Languages

* Bengali 81.28 (81.3%)
* Hindi 14.53 (14.5%)
* Urdu 1.59 (1.59%)
* Punjabi 1.17 (1.17%)
* Odia 0.4 (0.40%)
* Others 1.04 (1.04%)
Almost 82% of the population speaks Bengali while 15% speaks Hindi and Urdu. There is a significant Punjabi speaking population as well owing to the significant Sikh population who migrated here during 1984 anti-Sikh riots. There has been significant increase in Hindi-Urdu speaking population due to migration from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Some localities within the city now has Hindi as the dominant language.
Religions in Baranagar :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 94.95% | 94.95% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 2.96% | 2.96% |
| Sikhs | Sikhs | 1.15% | 1.15% |
| Christians | Christians | 0.26% | 0.26% |
| Jains | Jains | 0.14% | 0.14% |
| Buddhists | Buddhists | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| Others† | Others† | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| †includes irreligious and religion not stated (~0.5%). |||||
Literacy in Baranagar :
| Literacy | Literacy | Percent | Percent |
| Male | Male | 93.69% | 93.69% |
| Female | Female | 89% | 89% |
| All | All | 91.41% | 91.41% |

### Kolkata Urban Agglomeration

The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara (M), Jetia (CT), Halisahar (M), Balibhara (CT), Naihati (M), Bhatpara (M), Kaugachhi (CT), Garshyamnagar (CT), Garulia (M), Ichhapur Defence Estate (CT), North Barrackpur (M), Barrackpur Cantonment (CB), Barrackpore (M), Jafarpur (CT), Ruiya (CT), Titagarh (M), Khardaha (M), Bandipur (CT), Panihati (M), Muragachha (CT) New Barrackpore (M), Chandpur (CT), Talbandha (CT), Patulia (CT), Kamarhati (M), Baranagar (M), South Dumdum (M), North Dumdum (M), Dum Dum (M), Noapara (CT), Babanpur (CT), Teghari (CT), Nanna (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and Panpur (OG).

## Infrastructure

As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Baranagar Municipal city covered an area of 7.12 km$^2$. Amongst the civic amenities it had 160.23 km of roads and both open and closed drains. Amongst the medical facilities it had 55 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it had 49 primary schools, 33 middle schools, 33 secondary schools, many higher secondary schools and 2 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 2 cinema/theatres and 2 auditorium/ community halls. It had 20 bank branches.

## Economy

Baranagar was once economically enriched for many Industrial factories like "Bengal Immunity company", "Baranagar Jute Mill". Hessian, sacking, fabrics, carpets and bags from jute (Corchorus spp) are manufactured in the jute mill, while almost every other factories are now permanently shut down. The Baranagar Jute Mill is one of the oldest jute mills still running. The service sector includes the rest of the city's economy. Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printers and Purushottam Publishers, an academic book publishing company.

### KMDA

Baranagar municipality is included in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area for which the KMDA is the statutory planning and development authority.

## Transport
### Railways

Baranagar Road railway stations serves Baranagar. Baranagar Road is one of the oldest railway station. Sealdah - Dankuni line's trains pass through this station. However, trains here are not as frequent as other lines connected to suburbs of Kolkata from Sealdah.

### Metro railways

Noapara metro station is situated at Noapara in Baranagar. As of 2013, it was Kolkata Metro's largest station. The extension of Blue Line from Dum Dum to Dakshineswar was sanctioned in 2010–11. It was extended up to Noapara in 2013. The subsequent work was held up because of the encroachments on railway land. Baranagar metro station is currently operational. Located adjacent to Baranagar Road railway station this station was inaugurated on 22 February 2021 and commercial run started on the following day.

### Road

Barrackpore Trunk Road (part of both SH 1 and SH 2) passes through Baranagar. Belghoria Expressway also passes through Baranagar. Dunlop Crossing is one of the largest crossings near Kolkata which connects Kolkata with Northern suburban areas and Howrah, Hooghly. Another important road is Gopal Lal Tagore Road which is connected to B.T. Road at Sinthee More (via Kashi Nath Dutta Road), at Tobin More (via Baghajatin Road) and also at Dunlop. Gopal Lal Tagore Road is also connected to Dakshineswar via Deshbandhu Road-Surya Sen Road (through Alambazar). Many buses ply along all these roads.

### Ferry

Transport in water pathway was once held by boat, launch and bhutbhuti from Baranagar's Kuthi Ghat to Howrah and Belur of Howrah district, Cossipore and Bagbazar of Kolkata district, Uttarpara of Hooghly district, Dakshineshwar and Ariadaha of North 24 Parganas district on the river Ganges.

## Education
### University

Baranagar houses the headquarters of the Indian Statistical Institute at Bonhooghly. It is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. Established in 1931, this public university of India is focused on statistics.

### Colleges

Colleges of Baranagar are:
* Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College
* Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya
* MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata
* Central Modern College of Education

### Schools

Baranagar is also home to many schools providing quality education to the local and neighbourhood people.
* Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (Senior secondary boys' school)
* Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore (Primary boys' school)
* Central Modern School
* Bonhooghly High School
* Baranagar Vidyamandir
* Rajkumari School for Girls
* Mayapith School
* Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
* Baranagar Rajkumari Memorial Girls' High School
* Khalsa Model Senior Secondary School
* Ananda Ashram Sarada Vidyapith
* Baranagar Netaji Colony Bharti Girls' Institution
* Netaji High School
* Baranagar Rameswar H.S. School
* Baranagar Victoria School
* Ashokegarh Adarsha Vidyalaya
* Jyotinagar Bidyashree Niketan
* Sinthi R B T Vidyapith
* Mata Monmohini Secondary School
* Baranagar Mayapith Girls' High School
* G D Goenka Public School Dakshineswar (earlier: Delhi Public School North Kolkata)
* Calcutta Public School, Bidhan Park
* Baranagar Mohan Girls' High School
* Alambazar Urdu High School
* Jyotinagar Vidyashree Niketan

## Health facilities

Following hospitals are located in Baranagar:
* Baranagar State General Hospital
* Disha Eye Hospital
* National Institute for Locomotor Disability (NILD)
* Baine Hospital
* Baranagar Matri Sadan
* Indian Institute of Psychometry (IIP)
* Eskag Sanjeevani Multispeciality Hospital

## Tourist attractions

Several educational institutions, religious places, pilgrims, heritage buildings, places of Baranagar are tourist attractions of many people.
* Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
* Indian Statistical Institute
* Baranagar Math
* Alambazar Math
* Kripamayee Kali Temple
* Pathbari Temple
* Mahamilan Math (Omkarnath Math)
* Dokra Kali Mata Temple
* St. James' Church, Baranagar
* Dunlop Gurudwara
* Glass Temple (Kancher Mandir)
* Kuthi Ghat
* Dutch Kuthi
Besides these, many people come in Baranagar every year in Durga Puja period, in the time of "Ajanta Circus".

## Culture

Baranagar Math near Pramanick ghat is the place where Swami Vivekananda and a few other disciples of Sri Ramakrishna Dev started their spiritual journey that culminated in forming the monastic order later located at Belur Math,the present headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission. Other places worth visiting are Jay Mitra Kalibari, Pramanick Kalibari, and Kouleswar Mandir. Pathbari Mandir is a place where Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the great religious leader, set his foot on his way to Puri nearly five hundred years ago here. In Baranagar a math has been set up very recently, called Alambazar Math in the heritage building where Swami Vivekananda first put up after coming back from abroad. The Annapurna Temple and the newly built Omkarnath Temple are also other two attractions of the "Mahamilan Math". Trailanga Swami Math is also here in Baranagar at Vidyayatan Sarani. There is also an old kalibari in Baranagar Bazar and one in Kutighat and Pramanicghat.
Baranagar has a gurdwara named "Dunlop Gurudwara" near Dunlop Bridge, a church named "St. James' Church, Baranagar" near Sinthee More along with many mosques.
Baranagar is famous for Durga Puja. Popular Durga Puja organizations like Netaji Colony Lowland, Bandhudal Sporting club, Noapara Dadabhai Sangha, Karmi Sangha, Kalakar para, Ashokgarh Sarbojanin, Nainan Bandhav Samiti, Mullick Colony, Shibmandir maath, Satin sen Sangsad, Friend's association, Rabindranagar Yubak brinda - all lie in Baranagar. In every winter, a circus is organised at 'Sinthi Circus Maidan' named "Ajanta Circus". Annual fairs- textile and handloom fair in March–April season and Durga Puja Sharadiya fair in September–October season in Sinthi More Circus and mela ground.
Jhulanbari in Jhulantala and Pathbari are famous for celebrating the festival of Jhulan Jatra and Rash Jatra.
Baranagar also hosts some of the biggest Kali Pujas. Haowa Shokal, Bonhoogly Yubak Sangha, Kalpataru Seva Samiti, Pally Shanti Sangha, Kalitala Maath and Baranagar Boro Ma are among the popular ones. The annual Saraswati Puja is also widely celebrated in the area.
Christmas celebrations at the Baranagar St. James Church also attracts thousands of visitors.
Kalpataru Utsav held on the New Year's Day, the day on which Sri Ramkrishna Became Kalpataru and fulfilled the wishes of his disciples, also attracts thousands of devotees to Baranagar. Devotees visit the infamous Baranagar Math and Ramkrishna Maha Smashan in Baranagar and also the nearby Cossipore Udyanbati and Dakshineshwar Temple.
Recently in 2019, Alambazar Shyam Mandir has been inaugurated by then Governor of Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar.

## Sports

Baranagar is the birthplace of famous sportspersons who have participated in Olympic Games e.g., archer Dola Banerjee, Rahul Banerjee, Atanu Das.
Many sport academies and sporting clubs are situated in Baranagar:
* Bandhudal Sporting Club
* Calcutta Archery Club
* Baranagar Archery Club
* Baranagar Sporting Club