OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arena Civica

Arena Civica (Italian pronunciation:), officially Arena Gianni Brera, is a multi-purpose stadium in Milan, Italy, which was opened on 18 August 1807. One of the city's main examples of neoclassical architecture, today it mainly hosts football and rugby union games, concerts and cultural events. The stadium can hold 10,000 to 30,000 spectators.
The Arena was the home pitch for Inter Milan from 1930 to 1947 and has been the home of Inter Women since 2023. It is also home to Milan's third football team, Brera, as well as being the host venue for an annual athletics meeting – the Notturna di Milano. Until 2011, the Arena was the home ground of Amatori Rugby Milano, a rugby union club founded in 1927 that won 18 Italian Championships.

## History

The Arena Civica opened on 18 August 1807, and later it was used for football activities, mainly by Internazionale. Inter first played at the Arena in 1909 and moved into the stadium on a permanent basis in 1930. It shared the grounds with AC Milan in the 1940s; Inter moved to San Siro, the home ground of AC Milan, in 1947. The team returned occasionally for relocated matches, their last being on 10 December 1958 for a Fairs Cup fixture against Lyon. It was also used on 15 May 1910 in the Italy national football team's first official match, a 6–2 victory over France.
During its history it has been used for many kinds of events, including the reconstruction of naval battles; William Frederick Cody ("Buffalo Bill") twice brought his "Wild West Show" here. Other artists who performed at the Arena include Chicago, Joe Cocker, Stewart Copeland, The Cure, Little Feat, Ben Harper, Lenny Kravitz, Lou Reed, The Manhattan Transfer, Robert Plant, Public Image Limited, Radiohead, Patti Smith, Ringo Starr, Rod Stewart, Sting and Andy Summers. The Arena is also the site of the Milan Jazzin' Festival.
In 2003, it was renamed "Arena Gianni Brera" in honor of the sportswriter and journalist Gianni Brera. Inter Women announced their move to the stadium in 2023 and played their first match at the Arena Civica on 23 November 2023 against AC Milan.

## Facilities

* one 6-lane/400 m track
* one football and rugby pitch (100 x 86 m)
# Or

Or or OR may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Film and television

* "O.R.", a 1974 episode of M*A*S*H
* Or (My Treasure), a 2004 movie from Israel (Or means "light" in Hebrew)

### Music

* Or (album), a 2002 album by Golden Boy with Miss Kittin
* *O*R, the original title of Olivia Rodrigo's album Sour, 2021
* "Or", a song by Israeli singer Chen Aharoni in Kdam Eurovision 2011
* Or Records, a record label
* Organized Rhyme, a Canadian hip-hop group featuring Tom Green

## Businesses and organizations

* Or (political party) (lit. 'light'), Israel
* OR Books, an American publisher
* Owasco River Railway, Auburn, New York, U.S. (by reporting mark)
* TUI fly Netherlands, formerly Arke, a Dutch charter airline (by IATA designator)

## Language and linguistics

* Or (digraph), in the Uzbek alphabet
* Or (letter) (or forfeda), in Ogham, the Celtic tree alphabet
* Odia language, a language spoken in East India (ISO 639)
* Or, an English grammatical conjunction
* -or, an English agent noun suffix
* Or, a digraph in Taiwanese's Daī-ghî tōng-iōng pīng-im phonetic transcription

## Places
### Europe

* Or (Crimea), an isthmus of the Black Sea
* Or (river), a tributary of the Ural
* Province of Oristano, Italy (by vehicle code)

### United States

* Oregon state postal abbreviation
* Orange Line (Washington Metro)

### India

* Odisha formerly Orissa, a state of India

## Science, technology, and mathematics
### Computing and mathematics

* Or (logic), logical disjunction
* Exclusive or (XOR), a logical operation
* Bitwise OR, an operator in computer programming, typically notated as or or |
* The short-circuit operator or, notated or, ||, or or else
* Elvis operator, an operator in computer programming that returns its first operand if its value is considered true, and its right operand if not
* Null coalescing operator, an operator in computer programming
* Onion routing, anonymous networking technique (also Onion Router)
* OR gate, an integrated circuit in electronics
* Object–relational mapping

### Other uses in science and technology

* Odds ratio, a measure of effect size in statistics
* OR, a previous title of the Journal of the Operational Research Society
* Operating room, in medicine
* Operations research, or operational research, in British English
* Operations readiness

## Titles and ranks

* Official receiver, a statutory office holder in England and Wales
* Order of Roraima of Guyana, an award of the Republic of Guyana
* Other ranks, personnel who are not commissioned officers, usually including non-commissioned officers (NCOs), in militaries of many Commonwealth countries

## Other uses

* Or (name), a list of people with the Hebrew given name and surname
* Official Records of the American Civil War
* Olympic record, a term for the best performances in Olympic Games
* Or (heraldry), a gold or yellow tincture (from the French word for "gold")
* Own recognizance, the basis for releasing someone awaiting trial without bail
# Bneyel

Bneyel (Arabic: بدنايل), also spelled Bednayel, is a village in the Koura District of Lebanon. In 1953, Bneyel had a population of 129 living in 29 households.

## Demographics

In 2014, Muslims made up 99.29% of registered voters in Bneyel. 96.68% of the voters were Sunni Muslims.
# Harry J. Gilmore

Harry Joseph Gilmore (November 16, 1937 – April 23, 2015) was an American diplomat who served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Armenia.

## Early life and education

Gilmore was born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, and raised in Clairton, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Clairton High School in 1955 as class president. He attended Carnegie Mellon University for two years to study piano, before graduating in 1960 from the University of Pittsburgh. Gilmore then pursued Russian and East European studies at Indiana University Bloomington.

## Career

Gilmore's rise in the foreign service included working as deputy commandant for international affairs at the United States Army War College. Gilmore served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Belgrade from 1981 to 1985, and was the Deputy Director for Eastern European and Yugoslav Affairs at the United States Department of State.
Gilmore was the U.S. Minister and Deputy Commandant of the American Sector in Berlin from 1987-1990. He contributed to ensuring the safety of thousands of East Berliners, who moved to Southern Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
President George H. W. Bush tapped Gilmore as U.S. ambassador to Armenia in August 1992, but his nomination was not acted upon by the United States Senate. Gilmore was nominated for the second time by President Bill Clinton on April 2, 1993, and confirmed by the Senate.
After his retirement from the foreign service in 1997 after 36 years of service, Mr. Gilmore served as a dean at the Foreign Service Institute in Arlington County, Virginia.

## Personal life

An accomplished pianist, Gilmore would often accompany his wife who was a professional singer. The couple would present American show tunes and other music at U.S. embassy events.
# Pinaki Thakur

Pinaki Thakur (21 April 1959 – 3 January 2019) was a Bengali poet

## Biography

Thakur was born in 1959 at Bansberia, Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. He studied Engineering but was passionate in Bengali poetry from student life and wrote poems in various little magazines. His poetry was first published in Ushinar magazine in 1974. In 1979 Thakur's poetry was published in Desh magazine. He became popular in Bengali literary field after publishing his first book Ekdin Ashoriri. Thakur was conferred the Ananda Puraskar in 2012 for his book Chumbaner Kkhato. He was also awarded by Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi Puraskar and Krittibas Purashkar. He was suffering from cerebral malaria since December 2018 and died on 3 January 2019 in SSKM Hospital, Kolkata at the age of 59.

## Books

* Ekdin Ashoriri
* Ha Re Shaswata
* Anke Joto Shunyo Pele
* Chumbaner Kkhato
* Amara Roilam
* Sharir Kancher Tukro
* Basanta Mastan
* Nishiddho Ek Ganer Moto
* Mausam
* Kalanka Rachana
* Akal Basanta
* Kabita Samgra
# Khady Nani Dramé

Khady Nani Dramé is a molecular biologist specialising in plant stress physiology and molecular breeding of rice and peanut who now leads translational use of research into rice production in Africa.
She graduated in 2005 with a PhD in ecophysiology from Paris 12 Val de Marne University. She was initially employed at Africa Rice Center/AfricaRice stations in Benin and Tanzania and became involved as a representative for AfricaRice in the Flagship4 project for the Global Rice Array aiming to provide rice breeders worldwide with better and more comprehensive genomics, genotypes, phenomics and environmental information for rice breeding projects. This involves phenotyping rice varieties in the field worldwide as well as providing detailed molecular genetic information on the same varieties. AfricaRice is one of the collaborative research centres of CGIAR. She then moved to the Africa Rice Center in Abidjan as the head of capacity development. Since 2021 she has been director of the Information and Valorizing Research Unit (UNIVAL) in the Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research (ISRA).
Dramé's research into stress focused on the consequences of excessive iron in soils. This is a problem in the cultivation of rice because the crop is grown in flooded soils, rather than better-studied rain-fed or irrigated soils. Dramé has investigated the physiology of this specific problem for rice. She has been part of research projects to assess the performance of rice cultivars. This has included landraces local to Senegal, and also large collections of cultivars in soils with high iron levels that lead to stress for plants. Assessment of both growth characteristics, yields and molecular genetic markers led to linking plant performance to specific genetic markers for use in breeding future varieties.

## Publications

Dramé is the author or co-author of over 30 scientific publications as well as contributions to on-line genetic resource and data repositories. These include:
* Bathe Diop, Diane R. Wang, Khady Nani Dramé, Vernon Gracen and 7 co-authors (2020) Bridging old and new: Diversity and evaluation of high iron-associated stress response of rice cultivated in W. Africa. Journal of Experimental Biology 71 (14) pp 4188–4200.
* Moussa Sié and 10 co-authors including Khady Nani Dramé (2012) Towards a Rational Use of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) for Breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa. Genes, Genomes and Genomics, Global Science Books.
* Elodie Gaulin, Nani Dramé and 13 others (2006) Cellulose binding domains of a Phytophthora cell wall protein are novel pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Plant Cell 18 (7) pp 1766–1777.
* Danièle Clavel, Nani Khady Dramé, Harold Roy-Macauley, Serge Braconnier and Daniel Laffray (2005) Analysis of early responses to drought associated with field drought adaptation in four Sahelian groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Biology 54 (3) pp 219-230.

## Awards

In 2007 Dramé was one of 15 women selected for an L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards post-doctoral fellowship. She was the recipient of the AfricaRice Dr Robert Carsky Award in 2018.
# Sogn

Sogn is a traditional district in Western Norway (Vestlandet). It is located in the county of Vestland, surrounding the Sognefjord, the largest/longest fjord in Norway. The district of Sogn consists of the municipalities of Aurland, Balestrand, Hyllestad, Høyanger, Gulen, Leikanger, Luster, Lærdal, Sogndal, Solund, Vik, and Årdal. The district covers 10,675 square kilometres (4,122 sq mi). The largest urban area in Sogn is the village of Sogndalsfjøra (in Sogndal municipality), with 3,455 residents. The second largest urban area is the village Øvre Årdal (in Årdal municipality), with 3,397 people (this village used to be the largest, but recently it was passed by Sogndalsfjøra).
The district of Sogn comprises the southern part of the former county Sogn og Fjordane. The districts of Sunnfjord and Nordfjord are the other two districts in the county.

## Etymology

The name Sogn derived from the name of Sognefjord. The name of the fjord is from the root of súga "to suck", referring to the strong tidal streams at the mouth of the fjord. An old name for the district is Sygnafylki. The first element in this name is the genitive of sygnir which means "people from Sogn" and the last element is fylki "county".

## History
### Viking Age

Since early in the Viking Age, Sogn was a petty kingdom called Sygnafylki. Some notable Kings of Sogn were Harald Gullskjegg ("Goldbeard", father of Ragnhild, first wife of Halfdan the Black), Halfdan the Black, and Harald Fairhair.

### 1662-present

In 1662, Sogn fogderi was created as part of the Nordre Bergenhus amt (county). Sogn was further divided into Indre Sogn (Inner Sogn) and Ytre Sogn (Outer Sogn).
* Indre Sogn consisted of the inner half of the district which included the present day municipalities of Aurland, Leikanger, Luster, Lærdal, Sogndal, and Årdal. The village of Sogndalsfjøra was the administrative center.
* Ytre Sogn consisted of the present day municipalities of Balestrand, Gulen, Hyllestad, Høyanger, Solund, and Vik. The village of Høyanger was the administrative center.
In 1919, Nordre Bergenhus amt was renamed Sogn og Fjordane fylke.
# West Frisian Islands

The West Frisian Islands (Dutch: Waddeneilanden, pronounced ; West Frisian: Waadeilannen) are a chain of islands in the North Sea off the Dutch coast, along the edge of the Wadden Sea. They continue further east as the German East Frisian Islands and are part of the Frisian Islands.
From west to east the islands are: Noorderhaaks, Texel, Vlieland, Richel, Griend, Terschelling, Ameland, Rif, Engelsmanplaat, Schiermonnikoog, Simonszand, Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduintjes.
The islands Noorderhaaks and Texel are part of the province of North Holland. The islands Vlieland, Richel, Griend, Terschelling, Ameland, Rif, Engelsmanplaat, and Schiermonnikoog are part of the province of Friesland. The small islands Simonszand, Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduintjes belong to the province of Groningen.
The Frisian Islands are nowadays mostly famous as a holiday destination. Island hopping is possible by regular ferries from the mainland and by specialised tour operators. Cycling is the most favourable means of transport on most of the islands. On Vlieland and Schiermonnikoog cars are allowed only for regular inhabitants.

## Geography

The island chain represents the remains of a glacially formed sandbank, and may have once been the former coastline of the Netherlands, before it was breached and flooded to form the Wadden Sea many thousands of years ago.
# Luis Frías (baseball)

Luis David Frías (born May 23, 1998) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher in the Cleveland Guardians organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and Toronto Blue Jays.

## Career
### Arizona Diamondbacks

On November 24, 2015, Frías signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks as an international free agent. He made his professional debut in 2016 with the Dominican Summer League Diamondbacks, where he posted a 3.83 ERA with 47 strikeouts in 13 games (11 starts). Frías missed the entirety of the 2017 campaign as the result of an injury.
Frías returned to action in 2018 with the rookie–level Arizona League Diamondbacks and Low–A Hillsboro Hops. In 14 games (13 starts) split between the two affiliates, he accumulated a 1–5 record and 2.80 ERA with 58 strikeouts across 54+2⁄3 innings pitched. Frías split 2019 between Hillsboro and the Single–A Kane County Cougars, registering a 6–4 record and 2.83 ERA with 101 strikeouts in 76+1⁄3 innings pitched across 16 starts.
Frías did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 20, 2020, the Diamondbacks added Frías to their 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft.
On February 22, 2021, Frías was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list as he continued to recover from the virus. He was called up for his MLB debut on September 19. In 3 games during his rookie campaign, Frías recorded a 2.70 ERA with 3 strikeouts across 3+1⁄3 innings pitched. He made 15 appearances for Arizona in 2022, struggling to a 10.59 ERA with 14 strikeouts across 17 innings.
Frías was optioned to the Triple-A Reno Aces to begin the 2023 season. He made 29 appearances out of the bullpen for Arizona, posting a 4.06 ERA with 26 strikeouts across 31 innings pitched.
In 7 appearances for the Diamondbacks in 2024, Frías struggled to a 9.95 ERA with 7 strikeouts across 6+1⁄3 innings pitched. On August 8, 2024, Frías was designated for assignment following the acquisition of Andrew Knizner.

### Toronto Blue Jays

On August 10, 2024, Frías was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays. In 4 games for the Blue Jays, he struggled to a 21.60 ERA with 5 strikeouts over 3+1⁄3 innings pitched. On November 4, Frías was removed from the 40–man roster and sent outright to the Triple–A Buffalo Bisons, but he rejected the assignment and elected free agency.

### Cleveland Guardians

On January 2, 2025, Frías signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Guardians.
# List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon

WARNING:
This list has been used many times before for self&#x2D;promotion. If you're adding an entry to this list and the person/organization does not already have its own article on Wikipedia, make sure you include an explanation of significance, preferably with a hyperlink. Unexplained "redlink" additions will be removed as totally unhelpful.
The following is a partial list of institutions and individuals who are notable and active in the art scene of Portland, Oregon.

## Museums

* Museum of Contemporary Craft - Closed in 2016
* Portland Art Museum

## Colleges and universities with art programs and or major exhibition programs

* George Fox University
* Lewis & Clark College
* Linfield University
* Northwest Film Center
* Pacific Northwest College of Art
* Portland State University
* Reed College Cooley Gallery

## Nonprofit or alternative spaces and other institutions

* Disjecta
* Imago Theatre
* Interstate Firehouse Cultural Center
* Oregon Biennial
* Portland Documentary and Experimental Film Festival
* Portland Institute for Contemporary Art
* Portland Museum of Modern Art
* Powell's Books Basil Hallward Gallery
* Project Grow
* Regional Arts & Culture Council
* Yale Union

## Publications/BLOGs

* The Bear Deluxe — art, literature, and environmental magazine
* The Oregonian — daily newspaper of record containing some arts coverage
* PLAZM — art and design magazine
* PORT — dedicated visual art blog with daily art news, interviews and reviews
* The Portland Mercury — weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage
* Portland Tribune — twice-weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage
* Willamette Week — weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage

## Curators, critics & writers

* Gordon Gilkey
* Jeff Jahn
* Kristan Kennedy
* Mack McFarland
* Cris Moss
* Jenene Nagy
* Jonathan Raymond
* Matthew Stadler

## Artists

* Cedar Lee (born 1981)
* Brad Adkins (born 1973)
* Dan Attoe (born 1975)
* Damali Ayo (born 1972)
* Lance Bangs (born 1972)
* Becca Bernstein (born 1977)
* Trevor Chowning (born 1972)
* Bruce Conkle
* Tom Cramer
* Jen Delos Reyes
* Richard Diebenkorn (1922-1993)
* Carson Ellis (born 1975)
* Harrell Fletcher (born 1967)
* Laura Fritz
* Matt Groening (born 1954)
* MK Guth (born 1963)
* Sally Haley (1908-2007)
* Susan J. Harlan (born 1950)
* Todd Haynes (born 1961)
* Sean Healy
* Jessica Jackson Hutchins (born 1971)
* Jennifer Jako (born 1973)
* Aaron Flint Jamison (born 1979)
* Chris Johanson (born 1968)
* Maude Kerns (1876-1965)
* Les McClaine (born 1977)
* Mack McFarland
* Matt McCormick (born 1972)
* Carl Morris (1911-1993)
* Andy Paiko (born 1977)
* Red 76
* Wendy Red Star (born 1981)
* Jim Riswold (born 1957)
* Stephanie Robison (born 1976)
* Patrick Rock (born 1951)
* Mark Rothko (1903-1970)
* Craig Thompson (born 1975)
* Gus Van Sant (born 1952)
* Marie Watt (born 1967)
* Minor White (1908-1976)
* Jim Warren (born 1949)
* Phyllis Yes (born 1941)

## Architects

* Pietro Belluschi (1899-1994)
* Brad Cloepfil (born 1956)
* John Yeon (1910-1994)
# Siemens torpedo glider

The Siemens torpedo glider (often referred to as an aerial torpedo) was an early precursor to the modern glide bomb developed in World War I but never used in combat. It featured a naval torpedo attached to an airframe which was to be remotely wire-guided.

## History

In October 1914, Dr. Wilhelm von Siemens proposed what became known as the Siemens torpedo glider, a wire-guided flying missile that would have comprised a naval torpedo with an attached airframe. It was not intended that it be flown into a target; rather, at a suitable altitude and position, a signal would have been transmitted which would cause the airframe components to detach from the torpedo which would then enter the water and continue towards its target. Guidance signals were to be transmitted through a thin copper wire unrolled from a 2.5 mi (4.0 km) reel above the fuselage, and guide flares were to be carried to help control.
Siemens-Schuckertwerke was already occupied with remote-controlled anti-shipping motorboats (the FL-boats or Fernlenkboote), and so had some experience in the field of remote control.
Flight testing was performed under the supervision of Dipl. Ing. Dorner from January 1915 onwards, using airships as carriers. Different types of biplane and monoplane airframes were tested, to which a torpedo was fitted, before a biplane layout was adopted due to its greater carrying ability. The last test flight was performed on August 2, 1918. On this flight a 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) biplane glider was launched from Zeppelin LZ 80 (L 35). The glider was released from 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) over the Havel river and worked as expected until its control wire that attached the glider to the Zeppelin snapped and the glider spun out of control.
It was planned to use the Siemens-Schuckert R.VIII bomber as a carrier craft, but the Armistice stopped the project.
# 1847 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1847 in South Africa.

## Events

Source:
* The Montagu Pass is opened.
* Sugar cane plantations are started in Natal.
* The settlement of East London is established.
* Robert Gray is ordained as the first Bishop of Cape Town in Westminster Abbey, London.
* The AmaXhosa Resistance rejects British peace terms, but avoids direct warfare. The British then destroy homes, cattle, and crops to force a surrender.
* Harry Smith is appointed as Cape Governor, and begins to pursue an aggressive expansion policy.
* The British Kaffraria Colony is established on AmaXhosa land, and the AmaXhosa are made British subjects.
* Harry Smith overturns Maitland's agreement, seizing rental payments for the Crown and allowing white settlement on Griqua land.
* Harry Smith claims land between the Orange and Vaal rivers for Britain but restricts white settlement, except in Griqualand.
* With British support, Moshoeshoe unifies Basotho chiefdoms and secures protection from white settlers.

## Births

* 9 July - Henrietta Stockdale, pioneer of nursing in the Cape Colony, is born in Nottinghamshire, England
* 22 October - Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey, Boer general, is born near Winburg, Free State
# Zaitunia akhanii

Zaitunia akhanii is a species of the araneomorph spider family Filistatidae (crevice weaver spiders).

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Tehran Province, Iran.

## Description

The female holotype measured 5.2 mm.

## Etymology

This species was named after Iranian botanist Hossein Akhani.