OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georges Wildenstein

Georges Lazare Wildenstein (16 March 1892 – 11 June 1963) was a French gallery owner, art dealer, art collector, editor and art historian.

## Life

Georges was born on March 16, 1892 to Laure (née Lévy) and Nathan Wildenstein. Nathan came from a family of Jewish cattle-dealers, but in 1870, at age 20, left Alsace, when it was annexed by the German Empire in the Franco-Prussian War, and moved to Paris. There, he based himself in a tailor's house and served as an intermediary for a client who was selling paintings. He had a sister, Elisabeth Wildenstein Paraf, and a brother, Paul-Lazare Wildenstein.
In 1905, he set up a gallery on Rue La Boétie, as well as a stable of racing horses. Georges began work at his father's gallery and developed an interest in Pablo Picasso's paintings and a friendship with Claude Monet. Nathan bought Georges a separate business at 21 rue de la Boétie, where Georges partnered with art dealer Paul Rosenberg, who represented Picasso. Georges also opened a gallery on New Bond Street in London.
He edited the Gazette des Beaux-Arts review founded by Charles Blanc, and founded the revue Arts himself. Specializing in French paintings, he published several works on French art and wrote catalogues raisonné of the works of Gauguin and Chardin.
The family was stripped of French nationality in 1940 and fled to the United States, as their Paris gallery was "aryanized.".After the war, Georges was accused of theft and trading with the Nazis, but the family fought and refuted the action brought against them by Daniel Malraux.
In 1963, he was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts, succeeding Paul Léon. Malraux's father André Malraux voted against his election. His son Daniel Wildenstein took over as head of the gallery and editor of the Gazette des Beaux-Arts.
He was married to Jeanne "Jane" Lévy and had two children Daniel Wildenstein and Miriam Wildenstein Pereire.
# Endowment tax

Endowment tax is the taxation of financial endowments that are otherwise not taxed due to their charitable, educational, or religious mission. Endowments can be up to several billion dollars at some universities, some charitable foundations, and some medical foundations.

## Endowment tax in the United States
### Excise tax on private foundation endowments

Unlike nonprofit corporations classified as a public charity, private foundations in the United States are generally subject to a 1% or 2% excise tax on any net investment income.

### Federal changes in 2017 and 2018

As enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, an excise tax of 1.4% on endowment income is levied on universities that have at least 500 tuition-paying students and net assets of at least $500,000 per student. The $500,000 is not adjusted for inflation, so the threshold is effectively lowered over time.
The endowment tax provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has been criticized as funding tax breaks for corporations and the wealthy at the expense of education. Critics note that the tax could threaten financial aid for low-income students, stifle social mobility, and prevent medical research. This tax only impacts the top 53 wealthiest schools, and is in line with what most other philanthropic charities pay in excise taxes. There continue to be vigorous efforts that advocate the repeal of the tax.
# Rome–Sulmona–Pescara railway

The Rome–Pescara railway is an Italian 240-kilometre (150-mile) long railway line, that connects Rome with Tivoli, Avezzano, Sulmona and Pescara. The route operates through the regions of Lazio and Abruzzo.

## History

The line was opened in stages between 1873 and 1888.

## Usage

The line is used by the following service(s):
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Pescara- Chieti - Sulmona - Avezzano - Tivoli - Rome
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Teramo - Giulianova - Pescara - Chieti - Sulmona - Avezzano
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Avezzano - Tivoli - Rome
# Larbert High School

Larbert High School is a six-year, non-denominational state school in Stenhousemuir, Scotland, United Kingdom (UK). The school is run by Falkirk Council Education Services on behalf of the Scottish Government.
Currently, Larbert High are recruiting a new rector, with Jo Wilson currently acting as rector, due to the previous rector, Jon Reid's, departure to become the Director of Education at Falkirk Council.
The school was inspected by HM Inspectorate of Education in the 2016/17 session and found to be "Excellent" in the category of "Leadership of Change" and "Very Good" across all other categories. Larbert High was the first school to achieve an "Excellent" rating. At the end of 2023, 96.21% of school leavers entered into a Positive Destination, which was above the Falkirk (94.2%) and Scottish (95.9%) averages.
In the 2023/2024 academic year, the school roll was 2057 pupils with expectations of growth in future years to come and reach capacity. It is currently considered as the largest non-denominational secondary school and the second largest in Scotland. The school is secondary to 7 local primary schools, including Stenhousemuir Primary, Larbert Village Primary, Ladeside Primary, Carron Primary, Kinnaird Primary, Carronshore Primary, and Airth Primary.

## History

From 1886 to 1977, the school operated from its primary site on Main Street, Stenhousemuir. In November 1977, an extension to the school was opened at Carrongrange, around 500 metres from the Main Street campus.
From 1977 to 2000, the school operated on a split-site basis, and this meant that between lessons, pupils had to walk (potentially up to five times per day), between the two buildings. This was criticised in the inspection of the school in 1999.
In 1998, Falkirk Council opted to consolidate the school on the Carrongrange site, removing the need for students to transfer between different buildings. This was funded by the Private Finance Initiative. In early 2000, the school was opened on the one site at Carrongrange.
In 2005, the total running costs of the school were £5,852,498 or £3,553 per pupil.
In 2019 the school won a 'Parents as Partners in Learning' award at the Scottish Education Awards.
In May 2023, Falkirk Council announced that five privately built Falkirk high schools, including Larbert High, would be brought back under council control in August 2025, after data revealed that the Public Private Partnership contracts with Class 98 cost the council £11 million per year.

## Notable former pupils

* Graham Gardner (cricketer)
* Brian Hardie (cricketer)
* Keith Hardie (cricketer)
# Haarlem-Zandvoort Spoorweg Maatschappij

The Haarlem-Zandvoort Spoorweg Maatschappij (HZSM) was the first local railway company in the Netherlands, founded on November 29, 1880, in Amsterdam. This company built the Haarlem - Zandvoort railway, which was opened on June 3, 1881.
In Haarlem, the HZSM had its own Haarlem Bolwerk station, just in front of the junction where the railway lines from Zandvoort, Uitgeest and Rotterdam converge. From the opening in 1881 the trains continued to the HSM station Haarlem, with a few through trains to Amsterdam in the summers of 1882, 1883, 1887 and 1888. Haarlem Bolwerk station was closed in 1886 and demolished in 1905. On June 1, 1889, the HZSM was taken over by the HSM.
The HZSM had four locomotives of the NS 7600 series (Haarlem, Overveen, Zandvoort and Rudolph Sulzbach), 15 carriages and two vans. The locomotives were built in 1881 (the first three) and 1882 (the fourth) by Borsig in Berlin. The carriages were built by Maschinenbau-AG Nürnberg in Nuremberg and the goods vans by Van der Zypen & Charlier in Deutz. After the railway was taken over by the HSM in 1889, the locomotives and rollingstock remained in the ownership of the HZSM, who loaned them to the HSM. In 1898 the locomotives and rollingstock was transferred to the HSM, which sold the locomotives on to the Ahaus-Enscheder Eisenbahn Gesellschaft in 1903. The carriages have undergone various renovations at both the HZSM and the HSM, due to changed needs for the various classes and space for luggage in the trains.

## Sources

* Van Wijck Jurriaanse, N.J.: Lokaalspoor- en tramwegen van de Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorwegmaatschappij, uitgegeven door Uitgeverij Wyt 1878. ISBN 90-6007-577-3.
* Station Haarlem. Hollandsche sporen door Haarlem en omstreken. Uitgeverij Spaar en Hout, Haarlem, 2006. ISBN 978-90-8683-004-6
* Van der Meer, Jacq.: De Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorwegmaatschappij, uitgegeven door Uitgeverij Uquilair 2009. ISBN 90-71513-68-8.
# Heartland, Texas

Heartland is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) located in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 2006. The 2,000 acre master-planned community is located 25 miles east of Downtown Dallas and is part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. In 2009, Heartland was awarded community of the year by The Homebuilders Association of Greater Dallas.

## Demographics

Heartland first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 census

Heartland CDP, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 2,708 | 31.83% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 3,141 | 36.91% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 29 | 0.34% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 109 | 1.28% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 5 | 0.06% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 58 | 0.68% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 342 | 4.02% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,117 | 24.88% |
| Total | 8,509 | 100.00% |

## Education

The community is served by the Crandall Independent School District. There are currently four of five planned schools within Heartland: Barbara Walker Elementary, Hollis T. Dietz Elementary, and Opal Smith Elementary Schools and Crandall Middle School.
# RBG PAC

* This article is part of a series aboutElon Musk
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vte :
RBG PAC is an American political action committee (PAC), generally regarded as a Super PAC. It was formed on October 16, 2024, the day after it would be legally required to disclose its donors before the election. Later, it was revealed to be funded solely by the wealthiest individual in the world, Elon Musk.

## History

The PAC was formed on October 16, 2024, the day after it would be legally required to disclose its donors before the election. The PAC aimed to aid Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign by running advertisements which compared Trump and late Supreme Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's political views on the legality of abortion in the United States, attempting to portray them as being similar.
The PAC was financed by one or more secret donors, which were later revealed to be just businessman Elon Musk, the wealthiest individual in the world. The donation came in a single lump sum from the “Elon Musk Revocable Trust” and was timed so that information about it wouldn't have to be released until after the election. In total, the committee spent $20,476,000 on Trump's electoral campaign during the 2024 United States presidential election, which he eventually won.

## Responses

The PAC was criticized by members of Ginsburg's family, who said that it was misleading.

## Efforts

The majority of the PAC's funds were spent on political advertising focused on the 2024 election.
# Alem Ketema

Alem Ketema (Amharic: ዓለም ከተማ) is a town in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is the administrative centre of Merhabete woreda. The official spelling is 'Alem Ketema (with initial diacritical), and alternative spellings are Alem Catema and Alām Katma.
In 1993, a project was established to build a 675km road from Alem Ketema to Sekota.
# Waisa

Waisa is a village in the Chhachh Valley in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

## Geography

The village was geographically situated in the Attock District within one mile of the south side of the Indus River. Waisa neighbours the villages of Kamalpur Moosa in the east, Tajak on the southern side, Shadi Khan in the west, and Sirka Village towards the north west. The capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad, is located 60 miles east of Waisa.
# Infrared Science Archive

The Infrared Science Archive (IRSA) is the primary archive for the infrared and submillimeter astronomical projects of NASA, the space agency of the United States. IRSA curates the science products of over 15 missions, including the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), and the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). It also serves data from infrared and submillimeter European Space Agency missions with NASA participation, including the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), Planck, and the Herschel Space Observatory. As of 2019, IRSA provides access to more than 1 petabyte of data consisting of roughly 1 trillion astronomical measurements, which span wavelengths from 1 micron to 10 millimeters and include all-sky coverage in 24 bands. Approximately 10% of all refereed astronomical journal articles cite data sets curated by IRSA.
IRSA is part of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) and is located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology. It is one of NASA's Astrophysics Data Centers, along with the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), and others.
# Antonis Katsis

Antonis Katsis (born 6 September 1989, in Larnaca) is a Cypriot footballer who plays as central midfielder for ASIL Lysi in the Cypriot Second Division.

## Career

He has been elected through the Academies of AEK Larnaca. Since 2006 he was promoted to the first team of AEK Larnaca. For the 2009-2010, he transferred to AC Omonia where he celebrated his first title.

## International career

He played for the first time with the national team on the 11 November 2011 in a friendly match against Scotland where Cyprus lost 1-2.

## Honours

AC Omonia
* Cypriot Championship: 2010
# White Parker

White Parker (1887–1956) was a son of Mah-Cheeta-Wookey and Quanah Parker, chief of the Comanches. He married Laura E. Clark (1890-1962), a daughter of Reverend and Mrs. M. A. Clark, a former Methodist missionary to the Comanches. They had at least three children: Patty Bertha, Cynthia Ann Joy, and Milton Quanah (1914-1930).

## Missionary work

White Parker did Christian missionary work among the Comanche people. He studied for the ministry at Cook Bible School in Phoenix, Arizona. After graduation, Parker joined the Methodist Conference. The Parkers were active in the 1920s and '30s Saturday afternoon street meetings in Lawton, Oklahoma, which was led by Rev. J. Leighton Read, a European-American missionary from Colony, Oklahoma.
Parker had a varied religious background. His father was a member of and leader in the Native American Church. The Parker family brought the first non-Catholic church to the Comanche in the state of Texas. He received his education at a Presbyterian/Reformed institution, but affiliated with the Methodists when no Reformed missionary appointment was available.

## Acting career

In 1920, Parker played a lead role in the silent film The Daughter of Dawn, a silent film directed by Norbert A. Myles shot in the Wichita Mountains of Southwest Oklahoma. The story, played by an all-Indian cast of 300 Kiowas and Comanches, includes themes of love story, battle, dance, deceit, combat, and concludes with a happy ending.
This is a historically important film in American cinema as it is the first full-length movie of an American Indian story, and that uses all American Indian actors. The film was restored by the Oklahoma Historical Society and has been digitized.

## Death and legacy

White Parker and his wife are buried in the Highland Cemetery, Lawton, Comanche County, Oklahoma.
# Ritesh Rana

Ritesh Rana is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Telugu cinema. He has made significant contributions to the realm of unconventional crime capers in Telugu cinema. He made his directorial debut in 2019's comedy thriller, Mathu Vadalara, which also marked the debut of Sri Simha Koduri, the younger son of M. M. Keeravani. Post the success of the film, he made Happy Birthday, which starred Lavanya Tripathi in a dual role.He later directed Mathu Vadalara 2, the much-anticipated sequel to his debut film. The sequel, known for its inventive narrative and dark humor, became a blockbuster hit, further solidifying Ritesh Rana’s reputation as a filmmaker with a unique voice in Telugu cinema.

## Career

Ritesh Rana made his mark with his debut film, Mathu Vadalara, a 2019 crime comedy. The film, described as his calling card, showcased his ability to weave unconventional narratives. The film was notable for its introduction of a quirky television serial called Ori Naa Kodaka.
Ritesh Rana ventured into his second project, Happy Birthday, a surreal crime comedy thriller. Released in 2022, the film features Lavanya Tripathi in the lead and double role, supported by an ensemble cast. Happy Birthday explores a world where guns play a central role, and the film's non-linear narrative adds layers of complexity to the storytelling. He has gained attention for his distinctive storytelling.
In 2024, he directed Mathu Vadalara 2, a sequel to his debut film, bringing back key cast members like Sri Simha Koduri, Satya, and Vennela Kishore, while adding new actors like Faria Abdullah and Sunil. The sequel was well-received and became a blockbuster, continuing Rana’s signature blend of suspense and humor.
Ritesh Rana is recognized for his distinct approach to storytelling, blending genres with innovative narrative techniques that appeal to a wide audience.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year | Film | Director | Writer | Notes |
| 2019 | Mathu Vadalara | Yes | Story | Co-written with R. Teja |
| 2022 | Happy Birthday | Yes | Yes | |
| 2024 | Mathu Vadalara 2 | Yes | Story | Co-written with R. Teja |

## Frequent collaborators

* Collaborator
* Satya
* Vennela Kishore
* Naresh Agastya
* Gundu Sudarshan
* Kaala Bhairava
* Karthika Srinivas (Editor)
* Teja R (Costume Designer)
* Suresh Sarangam (Cinematographer)
* Chiranjeevi (Cherry; Producer)
* Hemalatha Pedamallu (Producer)

## Awards

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) and nominee(s) | Work | Result | Ref. |
| Critics Choice Film Awards | 28 March 2020 | Best Writing | Ritesh Rana, R. Teja | Mathu Vadalara | Nominated | |
| South Indian International Movie Awards | 18 September 2021 | Best Debut Director – Telugu | Ritesh Rana | Mathu Vadalara | Nominated | |
# Arkle Challenge Trophy

The Arkle Challenge Trophy is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham, England, over a distance of about 2 miles (1 mile, 7 furlongs and 199 yards, or 3,199 metres), and during its running there are thirteen fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.
It is the leading minimum-distance chase for novices in the National Hunt calendar. It is the second race on the opening day of the festival.

## History

The Arkle Challenge Trophy was introduced as a replacement for the Cotswold Chase, a previous event at the Cheltenham Festival, in 1969. Its title pays tribute to Arkle, a three-time winner of the Cheltenham Gold Cup in the mid-1960s. The race was formerly scheduled to be run on the second day of the Festival, but it was switched to its slot on the opening day in 1980.
The first sponsor of the "Arkle" was Waterford Castle, which began supporting the event in 1991. It was backed by Guinness from 1994 to 1999, and from 2000 to 2011 it was sponsored by the Irish Independent newspaper. The Racing Post newspaper sponsored the race from 2012 to 2020. From 2021 to 2023 the race was sponsored by Sporting Life.
Several winners of the race have subsequently achieved victory in the most prestigious two-mile chase in the National Hunt calendar, the Queen Mother Champion Chase. The most recent was Put The Kettle On, the winner of the latter event in 2021. The 1978 winner, Alverton, went on to win the following season's Cheltenham Gold Cup.
In 2020, Put the Kettle On become the first Mare to win the race since Anaglogs Daughter in 1980.

## Records

Leading jockey since 1946 (4 wins):
* Barry Geraghty – Moscow Flyer (2002), Forpadydeplasterer (2009), Sprinter Sacre (2012), Simonsig (2013)
* Ruby Walsh – Azertyuiop (2003), Un de Sceaux (2015), Douvan (2016), Footpad (2018)
Leading trainer since 1946 (8 wins):
* Nicky Henderson – Remittance Man (1991), Travado (1993), Tiutchev (2000), Sprinter Sacre (2012), Simonsig (2013), Altior (2017), Shishkin (2021), Jango Baie (2025)

## Winners since 1946

* ↑ The 1947 edition was abandoned due to snow and frost
* ↑ amateur jockey
* ↑ The 2001 running was cancelled because of a foot-and-mouth crisis.