OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leontios Machairas

Leontios Machairas or Makhairas (Greek: Λεόντιος Μαχαιράς, French: Léonce Machéras; about 1380 - after 1432) was a historian in medieval Cyprus.
The main source of information on him is his chronicle, written in the medieval Cypriot dialect, titled Ἐξήγησις τῆς γλυκείας χώρας Κύπρου ἡ ποία λέγεται Κρόνακα, τοὐτέστιν Χρονικόν (Chronicle of the sweet land of Cyprus). The chronicle documents events from the visit of Saint Helena to Cyprus until the times of the Kingdom of Cyprus. Machairas was Orthodox Christian but wrote with respect for the pope and the Catholic ruling class of Cyprus for whom he was working. At the same time he showed his hatred towards the Venetians and the Genoese. He is the only source on the "Re Alexis" rebellion of Cypriot serfs, which he condemned. Following the usual Byzantine practice, he only used the word "basileus" (Greek for sovereign) for the Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, and referred to the king of Cyprus as "regas" (from Latin rex king). Machairas was also present at the Battle of Choirokoitia. The text as we have it became abbreviated after 1432, and historians believe the remainder of the text is a subsequent accretion.
There are manuscripts of the Chronicle at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice, and Ravenna. The Oxford manuscript was copied in Paphos in June 1555, according to an additional paragraph after the end of the chronicle. The chronicle was published by Konstantinos Sathas as part of his Medieval Library in Venice in 1873. The chronicles of Cyprus by Amadi and Diomede Strambaldi published by Rene de Mas Latrie in Paris in 1891 were translations of Machairas's chronicle into Italian.
The chronicle was published again by Richard M. Dawkins with an English translation as "Recital Concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus Entitled 'Chronicle' - The chronicle of Makhairas" in Oxford in 1932. The Ravenna manuscript has not yet been incorporated into a critical edition.

## Manuscripts

Three manuscripts of the Chronicle survive:
* Venice: Biblioteca Marciana. Gr. VII, 16, 1080
* Oxford: Bodleian Library. Selden, Supra 14 (dated 1555)
* Ravenna: Biblioteca Classense, cod. gr. 187, fol. 1-184 (late 16th century)

## Publication history

* Σάθας, K. (1873). Μεσαιωνική Βιβλιοθήκη Τόμος Β΄. Χρονογράφοι Βασιλείου Κύπρου. Εν Βενετία: Τύποις του Χρόνου.
* Miller. E & Sathas. K. (1881). Λεοντίου Μαχαιρά Χρονικόν Κύπρου. Chronique de Chypre. Publications de l’Ecole des langues orientales vivantes. Paris.
* Miller. E & Sathas. K. (1882). Chronique de Chypre par Léonce Machéras. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
* Dawkins, R. M. (1932). Recital Concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus Entitled 'Chronicle' - The chronicle of Makhairas. Oxford.
* Παυλίδης, Α. (1982). Λεοντίου Μαχαιρά Χρονικόν. Λευκωσία: Φιλόκυπρος. 2nd ed. 1995, 3rd ed. 2010.
* Πιερής, M. & Νικολάου-Κονναρή, A. (2003). Χρονικό της Κύπρου: Παράλληλη Διπλωματική Έκδοση των Χειρογράφων. Λευκωσία: Κέντρο Επιστημονικών Ερευνών.
# Samsula-Spruce Creek, Florida

Samsula-Spruce Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Volusia County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,047 at the 2010 census. While many households reside here, it is principally an agricultural area west of the cities of Port Orange and New Smyrna Beach.

## Geography

Samsula-Spruce Creek is located at 29°3′41″N 81°3′11″W﻿ / ﻿29.06139°N 81.05306°W﻿ / 29.06139; -81.05306 (29.061389, -81.052994).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.5 square miles (45.2 km$^2$), of which 17.4 square miles (45.1 km$^2$) is land and 0.039 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 0.23%, is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 4,877 people, 1,953 households and 1,511 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 94.5/km$^2$ (244.9/mi$^2$). There were 2,203 housing units at an average density of 42.7/km$^2$ (110.6/mi$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.13% White, 0.33% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.76% of the population. 21.1% were of German, 17.1% English, 9.1% Irish, 7.8% American and 6.1% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 1,953 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.79.
19.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 33.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.
The median household income was $59,427 and the median family income was $68,101. Males had a median income of $40,608 versus $24,390 for females. The per capita income was $33,084. About 4.5% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Edith Fischer

Edith Fischer (born February 18, 1935) is a Chilean pianist. She is notable for her renditions of the full cycle of Beethoven's Piano Sonatas, which she has performed live twelve times.

## Biography

Fischer was born in Santiago, on February 18, 1935. Her mother, Elena Waiss, played the piano and harpsichord, and her father, Zoltán Fischer (1910-1970), the violin. Likewise, her brother, Edgar Fischer, plays the cello; her nephew, Rodolfo, is a conductor; and her niece, Alicia, plays the violin.
Fischer's mother was her first teacher. At age 12, she played Mozart's Piano Concerto in G major with an orchestra at the request of Hermann Scherchen, with the National Symphony Orchestra of Chile.
Between 1952 and 1954, Fischer was a student of Claudio Arrau in New York City, with a scholarship that she obtained to travel to the United States. About Arrau as a teacher, she points out: "Arrau as a teacher instilled in us that we should not imitate, but that each one had to find his own personality as a performer." She was also a student of the pianist Dinu Lipatti.
Fischer has toured South and North America, as well as India, Israel, and Japan. She is also a soloist in international orchestras. She has performed the cycle of Beethoven 32 sonatas as well as the complete piano work of Maurice Ravel. The complete cycle of Beethoven sonatas has been performed 12 times live.
In 1989, Fischer created the "International Piano Week Festival" in Blonay, Switzerland. In 2007, Fischer returned to live in Chile. Her husband is the pianist, Jorge Pepi-Alos, with whom she forms a piano duo. Jorge Pepi-Alos, officiated the August 2021 festival season alone as his wife remained in Chile for health reasons.

## Awards

Fischer is the recipient of the Dinu Lipatti award in London, and the first prize at the Munich International Competition.
National Music Award, President of the Republic of Chile, together with Mauricio Redolés and Chabelita Fuentes, in 2022

## Discography

* Camille Saint-Saëns, Claude Starck: Violoncello. English Chamber Orchestra, Peter-Lukas Graf, Edith Fischer. Claves, 1975
* Beethoven – Sonata No. 16 Op. 31,1, G Major / Sonata No. 17 Op. 31,2, D Minor. Claves, 1987
* Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms: Obras para piano. Claves, 1988
* The Complete Sonatas of Beethoven. Olympia, 1989
* Ravel / Debussy. His Master's Voice
# 55–56 High Street, Much Wenlock

55–56 High Street is a historic building in Much Wenlock, Shropshire, England. The property dates to the early 15th century, and is now a Grade II* listed building.
Previously known as Raynald's Mansion, and since divided into two dwellings, it originated as a hall house, with the front added in the 17th century. The building is timber framed with plaster infill and some brick, and it has a tile roof. There are three storeys and three bays. Each bay contains a square two-storey bay window. Between the bays, in the middle floor are balconies, and in the ground floor are small 19th-century shop fronts. All the windows are 19th-century casements. In the top floor are three gables with carved bargeboards.
# Erica caterviflora

Erica caterviflora, the bunch heath, is a flowering shrub belonging to the genus Erica and forming part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Cape Peninsula where it grows on the southern slopes of Table Mountain. The shrub is erect and grows 2 to 4.0 m tall, it is actually a small tree, with the trunk that can grow up to 150 cm thick. The shrub flowers from January to March. The flowers are densely packed on the trunk. Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The plant gets its name from the word caterva which means group. Pollination is done by insects.
# 4th Republic

4th Republic is a 2019 Nigerian political drama film directed by Ishaya Bako and written by Ishaya Bako, Emil Garuba and Zainab Omaki. It stars Kate Henshaw-Nuttal, Enyinna Nwigwe, Sani Muazu, Ihuoma Linda Ejiofor, Bimbo Manuel, Yakubu Muhammed, Sifon Oko, Jide Attah, and Preach Bassey. Produced by Amateur Heads and Griot Studios, 4th Republic was funded by grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA) centered around a governorship aspirant, Mabel King (Kate Henshaw) in the aftermath of a violent and fraudulent election that results in the death of her campaign manager, Sikiru (Jide Attah). The film was screened in seven universities in Nigeria in collaboration with the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and Enough is Enough (EiE Nigeria) to curb electoral violence. It was also endorsed by the National Orientation Agency (NOA).
The movie made its debut on Netflix on June 13, 2020.

## Cast

* Kate Henshaw-Nuttal as Mabel King
* Enyinna Nwigwe as Ike
* Sani Muazu as Governor Idris Sanni
* Linda Ejiofor as Bukky Ajala
* Bimbo Manuel as St. James
* Yakubu Muhammed as Danladi
* Sifon Oko as Lucky Ameh
* Saratu Ibrahim as Amina
* Bassey Ekpo as Amina's Father
* Fatima Salihu as Amina's Mother
* Rekiya Ibrahim Attah as Justice Ekanem
* Emilia Oge Nwamadi as Mrs. Ameh
* Alfred Atungu as Shuaibu
* Enyinna Nwigwe as Ike
* Dubaggari Umar as Bukky's Brother
* Momoh Pius Oshogwemoh as Radio Presenter
* Amaka Obiwulu as Yinka
* Sifon Kalistus Okoi as Lucky

## Production

4th Republic is a joint production between Amateur Heads and Griot Studios Ltd with Bem Pever, Ishaya Bako, Kemi ‘Lala’ Akindoju, and Ummi A. Yakubu serving as producers. It was written by Ishaya Bako, Emil Garuba and Zainab Omaki. The film explores the theme of the Nigerian political system that chronicles the political and electoral system in the last two decades.

## Release

4th Republic premiered at the IMAX, Filmhouse Cinemas in Lekki, Nigeria on April 7, 2019. It was released across cinemas in Nigeria on April 9, guests who attended the premiere include Sola Sobowale, Tope Oshin, Kehinde Bankole, Chigul, Waje, Lilian Afegbai, Denrele Edun, Japheth Omojuwa and Linda Osifo, among others.
# Hydrangea ringspot virus

Hydrangea ringspot virus (HRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Alphaflexiviridae.
# Balanit

Balanit (Hebrew: בלנית: Ancient Greek: βαλανεῖον) is a Jewish woman who assists and supervises those immersing in the mikveh, a bath used for ritual immersion in Judaism, ensuring they fulfill the requirements of immersion in accordance with the Halakha (Jewish law).

## Etymology

The word "Balanit" originated from Anciet Greek word βαλανεῖον (bălănîon), which translated to "bathing-room".

## Origin

The requirement for a balanit arises from concern that a woman's hair might float during immersion, which would invalidate the immersion on the Halakhic level. The Rishonim - leading rabbis and halachic authorities from approximately the 11th to 15th centuries—debate whether a woman's immersion must be overseen by another woman, or if it is acceptable from the outset to loosely tie the hair with something that does not create a barrier (for example, a loose hairnet)

### Halachic interpretation

According to Abraham ben David (Rabad), a Provençal rabbi and an important commentator on the Talmud - using a hairnet is always sufficient. Shlomo ibn Aderet (Rashba), medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist, said that it is permitted only if no supervisor is available at the moment. Asher ben Jehiel (Rosh), rabbi and talmudist from the 13th century, says that it is allowed to use an hairnet if there's no suprvisor available.
# VIT

VIT may refer to:
* Vitoria Airport (IATA code VIT; ICAO airport code LEVT), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
* VIT University (disambiguation)
* Vancouver Island Trail
* Victorian Institute of Teaching
* Vellore Institute of Technology
* Vidyalankar Institute of Technology
* Vishwakarma Institute of Technology
* Viti language (ISO 639 code vit)
* Vertical Interval Timecode, video scanline timecode
* VIT signals (vertical interval test signal) in broadcast television
* VIT, C.A. (Venezolana de Industria Tecnológica, Compañía Anónima), a computer hardware manufacturer in Venezuela
* Vitalicio Seguros (UCI code VIT) pro-cycling team
* Polikarpov VIT, a series of Soviet ground-attack planes
** Polikarpov VIT-1, Soviet ground-attack plane
** Polikarpov VIT-2, Soviet ground-attack plane
* Vision transformer (ViT), a machine learning model
* Vaccine Injury Table, a component of the U.S. National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
# 1908 Lincoln Tigers football team

The 1908 Lincoln Tigers football team represented Lincoln Institute—now known as Lincoln University—in Jefferson City, Missouri as an independent during the 1908 college football season. The Tigers were especially dominant this season, scoring 71 points and allowing none.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| October 7 or 17 | Boonville team | | W 61–0 | |
| November 7 | Lincoln High School | State capital groundsJefferson City, MO | W 10–0 | |
# Nikola Iliev

Nikola Iliyanov Iliev (Bulgarian: Никола Илиянов Илиев; born 6 June 2004) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder and forward for Bulgarian First League club Botev Plovdiv and the Bulgaria national team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation" list for 2021.

## Career

Born in Yudelnik, Slivo Pole Municipality, Iliev began his football career at Botev Plovdiv. He made his professional debut for the team in a league match against Slavia Sofia on 29 September 2019. In June 2020, he completed his move to Inter Milan, signing a 4-year contract.
On 31 May 2022, Iliev scored the winning goal for Inter U19 against Roma U19, making Inter Serie A Primavera champions.
On 26 October 2022, he scored all 4 goals in Inter's 4–2 win against Viktoria Plzeň in the UEFA Youth League.
On 5 February 2023, he was announced as Bulgarian Youth Footballer of 2022.
On 10 August 2023, Iliev joined CSKA 1948 on a one-year loan with an option to make the transfer permanent.

## International career

Iliev received his first call-up for the Bulgaria senior national team on 5 September 2022, for the UEFA Nations League games against Gibraltar and North Macedonia on 23 and 26 September 2022. He made his debut in the match against Gibraltar, won 5–1 by Bulgaria.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 29 July 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Botev Plovdiv | 2019–20 | First League | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Botev Plovdiv | 2020–21 | First League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CSKA 1948 (loan) | 2023–24 | First League | 21 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 2 |
| CSKA 1948 II (loan) | 2023–24 | Second League | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Botev Plovdiv | 2024–25 | First League | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 26 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 33 | 5 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Bulgarian Cup

### International

    As of 20 June 2023
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Bulgaria | 2022 | 4 | 0 |
| Bulgaria | 2023 | 4 | 0 |
| Bulgaria | Total | 8 | 0 |

## Honours
### Individual

* Bulgarian Youth Footballer of the Year: 2022
# Hagenbachia

Hagenbachia is a genus of plants in the Agavoideae. It is native to Central America and tropical South America. The genus is name after Carl Friedrich Hagenbach.
* Hagenbachia brasiliensis Nees & Mart. - Brazil
* Hagenbachia columbiana Cruden - Colombia
* Hagenbachia ecuadorensis Cruden - Ecuador
* Hagenbachia hassleriana (Baker) Cruden - Paraguay, Bolivia
* Hagenbachia matogrossensis (Poelln.) Ravenna - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
* Hagenbachia panamensis (Standl.) Cruden - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
# Jarral

Jarral (Urdu: جـرال راجپوت, also spelled Jaral, Jerral) is a Muslim Rajput tribe of Azad Kashmir and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. They claim descent from the Hindu Chandravanshi Rajputs.
# Bobby Gerhart Sr.

Robert "Bobby" Gerhart Sr. (October 4, 1935 – May 26, 2004) was an American race car driver, equally skilled at Modified, Supermodified, and Sprint car competition. He won three track championships and over 300 feature races in a career that spanned three decades.

## Racing career

Bobby Gerhart Sr. began racing stock cars at Silver Springs Speedway PA in 1954, and later mastered sprint cars and supermodifieds, becoming the 1967 supermodified champion at Susquehanna Speedway. He claimed a total of 42 victories at Reading Fairgrounds Speedway and was the modified champion in 1969 and 1970.
Gerhart Sr. won feature events at additional Pennsylvania tracks including the Circle M in Auburn, Hilltop in Myerstown, Lincoln Speedway, Penn National in Grantville, Selinsgrove Speedway, and Williams Grove Speedway in Mechanicsburg.
Bobby Gerhart Sr. was inducted into Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame and the Eastern Motorsport Press Association Hall of Fame, as well as local Pennsylvania sports halls in Lebanon and York Counties.
# West DeLand, Florida

West DeLand, also spelled West De Land, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Volusia County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,908 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

West DeLand is located at 29°1′7″N 81°19′44″W﻿ / ﻿29.01861°N 81.32889°W﻿ / 29.01861; -81.32889 (29.018654, -81.328754).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,424 people, 1,283 households, and 934 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 565.0/km$^2$ (1,465.0/mi$^2$). There were 1,342 housing units at an average density of 221.4/km$^2$ (574.2/mi$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.70% White, 6.57% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 2.63% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.45% of the population.
There were 1,283 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,832, and the median income for a family was $40,560. Males had a median income of $29,145 versus $21,902 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,496. About 4.8% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Dirt Lodge Creek

Dirt Lodge Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It was named for an Indian settlement along its course which contained earthen floors.
# Purnima Kumari

Purnima Kumari (born 10 February 2005) is an Indian professional footballer from Jharkhand who plays as a defender for the Indian Women's League club Sethu and the India national football team. She has also represented Jharkhand in the senior national championships.

## Early life and education

Kumari is from Jambahar village, Thethaitanger block, Simdega district, Jharkhand. Her father’s name Jeetu Manjhi and she has five sisters and a brother, Ranjit Manjhi, who is a daily wage worker. Her brother also runs a roadside cart to sell instant food. Her second eldest sister, Sanmait Kumari brought her up after the death of her mother Chaiti Devi in 2006. She comes from a poor family and lives in a thatched hut. Since they do not have a TV at home, the family tried to watch her under–17 World Cup matches on a mobile phone, but bad network let them down. She learnt football playing with her brother during her childhood.
She studied at Government Middle School, Jambahar and shifted to Ursuline Convent School in Simdega town from Class 6. In 2016, she joined a residential girls football training center in Hazaribag where she joined St. Columbus collegiate school.

## Career

Kumari represented India in the 7th FIFA U–17 Women’s World Cup 2022 at Odisha. The Indian team played three matches against USA, Brazil and Morocco in Group A and lost all their matches.
She took part in the School Games Federation of India games, Subroto Cup and in 2019 played the under–17 All India Federation Cup. She also played in the under–17 SAFF Women's championship in Bhutan in 2019-2020, under–19 SAFF Women's championship in Bangladesh in 2021 and under–18 SAFF Women's championship in Jamshedpur in 2022. She made her senior India debut against Jordan at the Al Hamriya Sports Club Stadium, Sharjah, UAE on 20 February 2025.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 26 February 2025
International caps and goals :
| Year | Caps | Goals |
| 2025 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | 3 | 0 |
# Ljubomir Bandović

Ljubomir "Ljubo" Bandović (Serbian: Љубомир Бандовић; born 8 July 1976) is a Serbian actor. He has won many prestigious awards for acting in Serbia.

## Biography

Ljubomir "Ljubo" Bandović was born in Ivangrad, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia. He studied at the University of Arts Faculty of Dramatic Arts. He has been a member of Yugoslav Drama Theatre since 2000. He has also been a member of several other houses, including: Belgrade International Theatre Festival, Belgrade Drama Theatre, Serbian National Theatre and BELEF.
In February 2009, he has won the "Zoran Radmilović" award for performance in a theatre show Ćeif. In August 2011, he has won Grand Prix "Naisa" award for the performances in The Sisters and The Enemy. In October 2011, he was the best actor of the 31st "Borini pozorišni dani" festival, for the performance in a theatre show Pazarni dan.

## Personal life

He is married to Tatjana who is a painter.