# K League 1

The K League 1 (Korean: K리그1) is a professional association football league in South Korea and the highest level of the South Korean football league system. The league is contested by twelve clubs. It is one of the most successful leagues in the Asian Football Confederation, with its past and present clubs having won a record twelve AFC Champions League titles.

## History

The South Korean professional football league was founded in 1983 as the Korean Super League, with five member clubs. The initial five clubs were Hallelujah FC, Yukong Elephants, Pohang Steelworks, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank. Hallelujah FC won the inaugural title, finishing one point ahead of Daewoo Royals to lift the trophy.
The Super League was renamed the Korean Professional Football League, and introduced the home and away system in 1987. It was once again renamed the K League in 1998. After the 2011 season, the K League Championship and the Korean League Cup were abolished, and the league was split into two divisions in 2013. The first division was named the K League Classic, while the newly created second division was named the K League Challenge, and both are now part of the K League structure. Since its creation, the league has expanded from an initial 5 to 22 clubs. Of the five inaugural clubs, only Yukong, Pohang and Daewoo still compete in the K League; Kookmin Bank dropped out of the league at the end of 1984, and Hallelujah followed the season after.
On 22 January 2018, the top-flight competition was renamed as K League 1.

## Structure

On 5 October 2011, the league announced a plan to introduce a relegation system from the 2012 season, when two teams were relegated. In 2013, the bottom two teams were directly relegated, while the 12th team played a relegation playoff match against the winner of the newly formed K League Challenge. From the 2013 season, as the number of teams of K League was reduced, only the 12th team is automatically relegated, with the 11th team playing a match against the winner of the K League 2 promotion playoffs.
The league also introduced a split system like the Scottish Premier League in the 2012 season, where each club plays each other three times in the regular round, then the top and bottom six teams are split into Split A and Split B, in which a team plays every other team in the split once, to decide the final standings.

## Other information

The K League season typically begins around March and runs to late November each year. The number of games, clubs and the systems used have varied through the years.
A number of the member clubs are owned by South Korean major conglomerates "chaebols". Those clubs have adopted local city names in an effort to integrate themselves more with the local communities. All other teams are owned by local governments.
The K League champions, runners-up, and third-placed team gain entry to the AFC Champions League the following season, with the exception of Sangmu FC due to their unique status as a military team. If the winners of Korean FA Cup cannot qualify for the AFC Champions League or already qualified for it, fourth place also can participate.
In the 2009 season, Gangwon FC joined the K League as its 15th member club. As such, the K League had one or more clubs in each province of South Korea. This was the first time in domestic South Korean professional sports history that there has been at least one club in each province.

## Current clubs

| Club | Location | Stadium | First season | Current spell | Seasons | Last title |
| FC Anyang | Anyang | Anyang Stadium | 2025 | 2025– | 1 | — |
| Daegu FC | Daegu | Daegu iM Bank Park | 2003 | 2017– | 20 | — |
| Daejeon Hana Citizen | Daejeon | Daejeon World Cup Stadium | 1997 | 2023– | 21 | — |
| Gangwon FC | Gangwon | Chuncheon Songam Stadium Gangneung Stadium | 2009 | 2017– | 14 | — |
| Gimcheon Sangmu | Gimcheon | Gimcheon Stadium | 2022 | 2024– | 3 | — |
| Gwangju FC | Gwangju | Gwangju World Cup Stadium | 2011 | 2023– | 10 | — |
| Jeju SK | Jeju Province | Jeju World Cup Stadium | 1983 | 2021– | 42 | 1989 |
| Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | North Jeolla | Jeonju World Cup Stadium | 1995 | 1995– | 31 | 2021 |
| Pohang Steelers | Pohang | Pohang Steel Yard | 1983 | 1983– | 43 | 2013 |
| FC Seoul | Seoul | Seoul World Cup Stadium | 1984 | 1984– | 42 | 2016 |
| Suwon FC | Suwon | Suwon Stadium | 2016 | 2021– | 6 | — |
| Ulsan HD | Ulsan | Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium | 1984 | 1984– | 42 | 2024 |
* ↑ As of the start of the 2025 season.
* 1 2 Gangwon FC has two home stadiums.

## Champions
### Champions by season

| Season | Champions | Runners-up |
| 1983 | Hallelujah FC | Daewoo Royals |
| 1984 | Daewoo Royals | Yukong Elephants |
| 1985 | Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso | POSCO Atoms |
| 1986 | POSCO Atoms | Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso |
| 1987 | Daewoo Royals | POSCO Atoms |
| 1988 | POSCO Atoms | Hyundai Horang-i |
| 1989 | Yukong Elephants | Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso |
| 1990 | Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso | Daewoo Royals |
| 1991 | Daewoo Royals | Hyundai Horang-i |
| 1992 | POSCO Atoms | Ilhwa Chunma |
| 1993 | Ilhwa Chunma | LG Cheetahs |
| 1994 | Ilhwa Chunma | Yukong Elephants |
| 1995 | Ilhwa Chunma | Pohang Atoms |
| 1996 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | Suwon Samsung Bluewings |
| 1997 | Busan Daewoo Royals | Jeonnam Dragons |
| 1998 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i |
| 1999 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | Busan Daewoo Royals |
| 2000 | Anyang LG Cheetahs | Bucheon SK |
| 2001 | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | Anyang LG Cheetahs |
| 2002 | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i |
| 2003 | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i |
| 2004 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | Pohang Steelers |
| 2005 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | Incheon United |
| 2006 | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma | Suwon Samsung Bluewings |
| 2007 | Pohang Steelers | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma |
| 2008 | Suwon Samsung Bluewings | FC Seoul |
| 2009 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma |
| 2010 | FC Seoul | Jeju United |
| 2011 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Ulsan Hyundai |
| 2012 | FC Seoul | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors |
| 2013 | Pohang Steelers | Ulsan Hyundai |
| 2014 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Suwon Samsung Bluewings |
| 2015 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Suwon Samsung Bluewings |
| 2016 | FC Seoul | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors |
| 2017 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Jeju United |
| 2018 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Gyeongnam FC |
| 2019 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Ulsan Hyundai |
| 2020 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Ulsan Hyundai |
| 2021 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | Ulsan Hyundai |
| 2022 | Ulsan Hyundai | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors |
| 2023 | Ulsan Hyundai | Pohang Steelers |
| 2024 | Ulsan HD | Gangwon FC |

### Performance by club

* In accordance with the official K League policy, the current clubs inherit the history and records of the predecessor clubs.
| Club | Champions | Runners-up | Seasons won | Seasons runner-up |
| Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | 9 | 3 | 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | 2012, 2016, 2022 |
| Seongnam FC | 7 | 3 | 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006 | 1992, 2007, 2009 |
| FC Seoul | 6 | 5 | 1985, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2016 | 1986, 1989, 1993, 2001, 2008 |
| Ulsan HD | 5 | 10 | 1996, 2005, 2022, 2023, 2024 | 1988, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2013, 2019, 2020, 2021 |
| Pohang Steelers | 5 | 5 | 1986, 1988, 1992, 2007, 2013 | 1985, 1987, 1995, 2004, 2023 |
| Suwon Samsung Bluewings | 4 | 4 | 1998, 1999, 2004, 2008 | 1996, 2006, 2014, 2015 |
| Busan IPark | 4 | 3 | 1984, 1987, 1991, 1997 | 1983, 1990, 1999 |
| Jeju SK | 1 | 5 | 1989 | 1984, 1994, 2000, 2010, 2017 |
| Hallelujah FC | 1 | 0 | 1983 | — |
| Jeonnam Dragons | 0 | 1 | — | 1997 |
| Incheon United | 0 | 1 | — | 2005 |
| Gyeongnam FC | 0 | 1 | — | 2018 |
| Gangwon FC | 0 | 1 | — | 2024 |
* ↑ Including Ilhwa Chunma and Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
* ↑ Including Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso, LG Cheetahs, and Anyang LG Cheetahs
* ↑ Including Hyundai Horang-i, Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i, and Ulsan Hyundai
* ↑ Including POSCO Atoms and Pohang Atoms
* ↑ Including Daewoo Royals and Busan Daewoo Royals
* ↑ Including Yukong Elephants, Bucheon SK and Jeju United

## Broadcasters
### South Korea

| Broadcaster | Summary |
| JTBC Golf&Sports | Broadcast most matches live. |
| Sky Sports (South Korea) | Broadcast one match live on every Saturday and Sunday respectively. |
| IB Sports | Broadcast one match live on every Saturday. |
| KBS1 (terrestrial) | Broadcast one match on every Sunday from 1:00 a.m. |
| Coupang Play | Broadcast all the matches live on over-the-top media service. |

### Outside South Korea

As of 2024
| Country/region | Broadcaster |
| Australia | Optus Sport |
| Balkans | Arena Sport |
| China | K-Ball |
| CIS | TV Start |
| Hong Kong | TVB |
| Indonesia | TVRI Sport |
| Macau | Macau Cable TV |
| Malaysia | Astro SuperSport |
| United States | FanDuel TV |
| Worldwide | K League TV |
* ↑ Includes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia.
* ↑ Includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.