OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Federico Caffè

Federico Caffè (born 6 January 1914; disappeared 15 April 1987; declared dead 30 October 1998) was a notable Italian economist from the Keynesian School.

## Early life

Caffè graduated in Business Sciences from the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1936. After World War II, he spent one year in the United Kingdom studying at the London School of Economics. During that period, he came in contact with the Keynesian Economics and saw up close the policies implemented by the then Labour government. Back in Italy, he started his career working at the Bank of Italy, later becoming a teacher at the University of Messina. From 1959 he taught Economic and Financial Policy at the University of Rome La Sapienza, forming several generations of economists in what is the largest university in Italy.

## Career

Caffè mentored several generations of Italian economists, many of whom rose to senior positions in academia, political life and public administration.
In different capacities he mentored the former Governor of the Bank of Italy, and of the ECB President, and Italian incumbent Prime Minister Professor Mario Draghi, the current Governor of the Bank of Italy, Ignazio Visco, the planning theorist Franco Archibugi, the welfare economist Bruno Amoroso, the labour economist Ezio Tarantelli, killed by the Red Brigades in 1985 in the courtyard of the Faculty of Economics in Rome where they taught, the former President of the Italian Statistical Office Guido M. Rey, the former President of the Italian Statistical Office and incumbent Minister for Infrastructures Enrico Giovannini, the Economic policy's theorist Nicola Acocella, the neo-ricardian economist Fernando Vianello and economist of innovation Daniele Archibugi.

## Views

Caffè was particularly interested in economic policy and welfare, especially in their social dimensions. One of his books, Lezioni di politica economica (Lectures on Economic Policy), is widely regarded as the complete summary of his ideas. He was a strong critic of free trade, avowedly Keynesian in inspiration, and also very interested in the Scandinavian welfare model.

## Disappearance

On 15 April 1987 Caffè suddenly disappeared, shortly after having quit university teaching. He was "officially declared dead" on 30 October 1998. The mystery involved in his death has not been revealed. He may have committed suicide, but he may also have decided to disappear to an unknown location.

## Memorials

Several institutions have been named after him, including the Faculty of Economics of the University of Rome III, the Roskilde University Centre for Southern European Studies and the Library of the Department of Economics of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the Sapienza University of Rome. The Aula Magna of Pescara University is called Federico Caffè also. The Sapienza University of Rome also organizes annual conference that have been held by some of the most significant economists of our age. Many of the lectures have been published in a series of the Cambridge University Press.
# Sumiko Iwao

Sumiko Iwao (岩男 寿美子, Iwao Sumiko, January 2, 1935 – January 11, 2018) was a Japanese psychologist, educator, editor and professor emeritus at Keio University in Tokyo. She served as the editor-in-chief of Japan Echo, an English-language magazine and predecessor of Nippon.com, from 1997 until 2007, as well as a member of the Echo's editorial board from 1985 until 2007.

## Biography

Iwao was born on January 2, 1935. She graduated from Keio University in Tokyo and then obtained her doctorate in psychology from Yale University in 1962. She served as a professor at Keio University and Musashi Institute of Technology (present-day Tokyo City University), as well as a visiting professor at Harvard University in the United States.
She chaired the national Council on Gender Equality and served on the National Public Safety Commission of Japan, in addition to other government and public service posts. In addition to her work as a profession and social psychologist, Iwao authored numerous books and papers focusing on women in Japan, foreigners in Japan (or gaijin), and the Japanese media. Her best known works include The Japanese Woman: Traditional Image and Changing Reality, which was published in 1992.
Iwao retired from Keio University in 2005 and stepped down as editor-in-chief of Japan Echo in 2007. However, she remained active in children's education, especially for girls. Iwao was chairwoman of Group Kilimanjaro, which operates the Sakura Girls Secondary School, a boarding school in Tanzania.
In 2007, Iwao was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun.
Sumiko Iwao died on January 11, 2018, at the age of 83.
# Muhamad Ridwan (footballer, born June 2000)

Muhamad Ridwan (born 13 June 2000) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga 1 club Semen Padang.

## Club career
### Sriwijaya

He was signed for Sriwijaya to play in Liga 1 in the 2018 season.

### Persela Lamongan

In 2019, Ridwan signed a one-year contract with Indonesian Liga 1 club Persela Lamongan. He made his debut on 22 May 2019 in a match against Persipura Jayapura in the Liga 1. On 22 May 2019, Ridwan scored his first goal for Persela Lamongan against Persipura Jayapura in the 81st minute at the Surajaya Stadium, Lamongan.

### PSIS Semarang

He was signed for PSIS Semarang to play in Liga 1 in the 2020 season. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.

### Persik Kediri

In 2021, Ridwan signed a one-year contract with Indonesian Liga 1 club Persik Kediri. He made his league debut on 28 November 2021 in a match against Persebaya Surabaya at the Manahan Stadium, Surakarta. On 3 December 2021, Ridwan scored his first goal for Persik against Persita Tangerang in the 83rd minute at the Sultan Agung Stadium, Bantul.

#### Loan to Dewa United

Muhamad Ridwan became Dewa United's in half of the 2022–23 Liga 1. Ridwan made his debut on 14 January 2023 in a match against Persis Solo at the Indomilk Arena, Tangerang.

## International career

Ridwan was part of the Indonesia under-23 team that won Bronze in the 2021 Southeast Asian Games in Vietnam.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 1 November 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sriwijaya | 2018 | Liga 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Persela Lamongan | 2019 | Liga 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| PSIS Semarang | 2020 | Liga 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Persik Kediri | 2021–22 | Liga 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| Persik Kediri | 2022–23 | Liga 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Persik Kediri | Total | Total | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| Dewa United (loan) | 2022–23 | Liga 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Gresik United | 2023–24 | Liga 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Semen Padang | 2024–25 | Liga 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 42 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 4 |
* ↑ Appearances in Indonesia President's Cup

### International goals

International under-23 goals
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 13 May 2022 | Việt Trì Stadium, Phú Thọ, Vietnam | Philippines | 0–1 | 0–4 | 2021 Southeast Asian Games |

## Honours
### International

Indonesia U-23
* Southeast Asian Games Bronze medal: 2021
# 2-Ethylhexanal

2-Ethylhexanal is the organic compound with the formula CH$_3$CH$_2$CH$_2$CH$_2$CH(C$_2$H$_5$)CHO. A colorless liquid, it is produced on a large scale industrially as a precursor to 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanol, both used as precursors to plasticizers. It was studied in the detergent industry since the 1930s.
2-Ethylhexanal is synthesized by aldol condensation of two equivalents of butyraldehyde followed by hydrogenation of the intermediate 2-ethylhexenal. The compound is chiral, but is mainly used as a racemic mixture.
The n-butyraldehyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol. Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols. The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.
# Iravan (film)

Iravan is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language action, thriller film produced by Dr. Niranthara Ganesh and directed by Rams Ranga, starring Jayaram Karthik, Adhvithi Shetty and Vivek Patil with an ensemble supporting cast. The film was written by the director himself along with Kanthraju Kaddipudi

## Premise

When a young student studying abroad receives the devastating news of his father's unexpected and suspicious death, he is driven to uncover the truth behind the tragedy. As he delves deeper into the circumstances surrounding his father's demise, he uncovers evidence of political involvement or a powerful medical mafia. Fueled by grief and a thirst for justice, he embarks on a relentless quest for revenge, determined to expose those responsible and bring them to justice.

## Cast

* Jayaram Karthik as Mithun Chakravarthy
* Adhvithi Shetty
* Vivek Patil
* Avinash as Dr Satya Murthy
* Krishna Hebbale

## Production

The film is the debut production of doctor turned social worker Dr. Niranthara Ganesh. The film was initially planned to release on OTT platforms, but later the team decided to go for a theatrical release.

## Release

The film had a statewide release on June 16, 2023.
# Yeo Wan Ling

Yeo Wan Ling (Chinese: 杨涴淩; pinyin: Yáng Wǎnlíng; born 14 July 1976) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), she has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Punggol Shore division of Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC since 2020.

## Career

Yeo is currently the Assistant Secretary-General of NTUC, overseeing NTUC's small and medium-sized enterprise unit, as well as its Women and Family Unit. Prior to joining NTUC, she was the founder and chief executive officer of social enterprise Caregiver Asia; which aggregates freelance caregivers and care services for deployment into homes, healthcare institutes and welfare organisations. Before that, Yeo worked at the Economic Development Board as part of the global operations team.

## Education

Yeo graduated with a Bachelor of Social Sciences (second upper honours) in sociology and political science from the National University of Singapore.
# Executive Order 14219

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#REDIRECT List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump
# Providence Academy (Plymouth, Minnesota)

Providence Academy is a private, co-ed, Catholic college-preparatory PreK–12 school in Plymouth, Minnesota founded in 2001. It is located in and affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.

## History

At the end of the 1990s, Dan Frederick (former president of Alarmex), Bill Cooper (president of TCF Bank Minnesota), Bob Cummins (executive at Primera Technology), and prominent businessmen in the Twin Cities area raised $20 million to fund a new private school "grounded in Judeo-Christian values." Not long after the announcement of its establishment, Providence became an official Catholic school associated with the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. Ground was broken on Mach 25, 2000. It opened in September 2001.
In 2006, a $14 million, 95,000 square foot addition added 16 new classrooms, including new engineering laboratories, a lecture hall, media center, and science and technology labs.

## Campus

The buildings on the 41-acre campus are modeled on the campus of the College of William & Mary in Virginia.

## Academics

With Saint Agnes School in Saint Paul, it is one of two K-12 Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. Providence is a college-prep school accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Central States. The composite mean ACT score of the classes of 2021–2023 was 29, and 97% of graduates enrolled in 4-year colleges.

## Athletics

Providence girls' basketball won the Class AA state tournament in 2012, 2022, 2023, and 2024. Girls' soccer won the Class A championship in 2024. Girls' Class A track and field won the state championship in 2008.
Providence provides the following athletic programs with the Minnesota State High School League:
| Fall | Winter | Spring |
| Cross-country | Alpine Skiing | Baseball |
| Football | Basketball | Shooting Clays |
| Swim & Dive | Dance (high kick and jazz) | Golf |
| Tennis | Hockey | Lacrosse |
| Volleyball | Nordic Skiing | Robotics |
| | Swim & Dive | Softball |
| | Wrestling | Tennis |
| | | Track & Field |
| | | Volleyball |

## Notable alumni

* Maddyn Greenway, daughter of Chad Greenway
* Ari Peterson, daughter of Adrian Peterson
# Stefan Nigro

Stefan Nigro (born 10 August 1996) is an Australian professional soccer player who currently plays for National Premier Leagues Victoria club Preston Lions.

## Club career

Stefan joined the youth squad at Melbourne Victory - the club he was a longtime supporter of - ahead of their successful 2015 National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 season. In the following 2015-16 A-League season he started in three senior matches for Victory, receiving broad praise for his Man of the Match performance against Brisbane Roar in his debut, which included a nutmeg on Thomas Broich.
In June 2016 Victory announced that he had signed a two-year senior contract with the club.
On 15 May 2018, Nigro was released by Melbourne Victory, along with three of his teammates.
On 19 July 2018, Brisbane Roar announced Nigro had signed for the club He made his debut as a late substitute in a 2-0 win against Melbourne City FC.
At the end of the 2018/19 season, Nigro was released by Brisbane Roar.
Nigro returned to the A-League in December 2020, signing with Central Coast Mariners.

## Personal life

Nigro currently studies a Bachelor of Property and Real Estate at Deakin University.

## Honours
### Club
#### Melbourne Victory

* A-League Championship: 2017–18
* FFA Cup: 2021
# Religion in Barbados

Religion in Barbados is predominantly Christian. Religious freedom is established by law and generally enforced in practice, although some minority religious groups have complaints about government practices that interfere with their beliefs.
* Protestants (33.7%)
* Anglicans (28.8%)
* Other Christians (32.1%)
* Irreligious (1.9%)
* Bahá’ís (1.2%)
* Others (1.3%)

## History

According to Historian Larry Gragg (Missouri University of Science and Technology - 2009), the Quakers community was first concentrated in and around Barbados before moving en masse Pennsylvania. The island was the first stop for slave ships coming from Africa, and the Quackers developed a balanced social environment "to challenge the practices of the planter class". In a 1860 census, 500 of the 20,000 white people in Barbados were Quackers. However, by the end of the 18th century, the Quackers culture had vanished, partly due to the persecution of the Church of England.

## Religious affiliations 1970 and 2010

The reference work Religions of the World provides the following data for Barbados:
| Religion | Followers in 1970 | Followers in 2010 | % of Population 2010 |
| Christians | 235,000 | 284,000 | 95.5 |
| - Protestants | 50,600 | 100,000 | 33.7 |
| - Anglicans | 90,000 | 85,600 | 28.8 |
| - Others | 8,900 | 16,000 | 32.1 |
| Agnostics | 2,400 | 5,100 | 1.7 |
| Bahá’ís | 1,300 | 3,600 | 1.2 |
| Muslims | 400 | 2,300 | 0.8 |
| Hindus | 100 | 980 | 0.3 |
| Atheists | 0 | 700 | 0.2 |
| New religionists | 50 | 480 | 0.2 |
| Buddhists | 0 | 120 | 0.0 |
| Spiritists | 0 | 60 | 0.0 |
| Jews | 30 | 40 | 0.0 |
| Ethnoreligionists | 0 | 30 | 0.0 |
| Total Population | 239,000 | 297,000 | 100.0 |
Although Catholics are missing from the above chart, the same reference book gives their percentage as 4 percent in 1980 and 4.2 percent in 2000.
The Rastafarian Movement was introduced to Barbados in 1975.

## Religious freedom

The constitution of Barbados provides for the freedom of religion and prohibits discrimination based on creed; there is a law against "blasphemous libel" but it is unenforced.
Religious groups are allowed to establish private schools and provide religious instruction, with some support from the government; education in Christian values is taught in primary schools, with several religions being taught at secondary level (students may opt out).
The local community launched the bi-weekly publication The Rastafari Vision (TRV) in 2021. Representatives of the Rastafari community have objected to mandatory vaccinations for schoolchildren.
# Rasskazov

Rasskazov (masculine, Russian: Рассказов) or Rasskazova (feminine, Russian: Рассказова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Rasskazov (1832–1902), Russian actor and theatre entrepreneur
* Anatoly Rasskazov (1941–2010), Soviet illustrator and photographer
* Kirill Rasskazov (born 1992), Russian ice hockey player
* Nikolai Rasskazov (born 1998), Russian soccer player
* Roman Rasskazov (born 1979), Russian race walker
* Yevgeny Rasskazov (born 1941), Soviet sports shooter
# Bernard Broermann

Bernard Grosse Broermann (20 November 1943 – 25 February 2024) was a German billionaire businessman who was the founder of Asklepios Kliniken, one of Germany's three largest operators of private hospitals. It employs more than 68,000 people, and owns 170 healthcare facilities worldwide.

## Early life

Bernard Grosse Broermann grew up in Damme and studied medicine and chemistry in Berlin and Münster up to the respective preliminary examinations. He then switched to studying law and business administration and graduated with both legal state examinations and admission to the bar. He was awarded a doctorate in law in 1970 with his dissertation ‘The Scope of Investment Legislation’. During his studies, he founded the company, "Capital Treuhand", which was responsible for managing SEC-controlled funds. After completing his studies in Berlin, he sold this company. Broermann had an MBA from the INSEAD and Harvard University.

## Career

Before founding the organisation Asklepios, and his first hospital in 1984, Broermann worked as an accountant and lawyer before founding Asklepios and his first hospital in 1984.
Asklepios Kliniken has moved into luxury hotels with its subsidiary, Dr. Broermann Hotels & Residences GmbH, which has bought Hotel Atlantic Kempinski in Hamburg, the Kempinski Hotel Falkenstein in Königstein, a luxury hotel and spa in the Taunus region near Frankfurt, and the Villa Rothschild Kempinski near Frankfurt. In 2024, Asklepios had 68,000 employees. In 2018, Dr. Broermann Hotels & Residences GmbH also acquired the Grand Hôtel Suisse Majestic Montreux and the Fairmont Le Montreux Palace hotel complex in Switzerland.
As of February 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$3.5 billion.

## Broermann Medical Innovation Award

The Broermann Medical Innovation Award was initiated in October 2024. The application phase began in January 2025 and it is to be awarded for the first time in the same year. The prize money amounts to one million euros.
Broermann gemeinnützige GmbH acts as the benefactor of the award, while the award ceremony is organised by the University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg. The award committee is made up of professors from the universities of Giessen and Marburg, supplemented by representatives from the Max Planck Society, the Fraunhofer Society and the Leibniz Association as well as a representative from Asklepios.

## Personal life and death

Broermann was married with three children and lived in Königstein, Germany. He died on 25 February 2024, at the age of 80.
# Amalia Polleri

Amalia Polleri de Viana (26 June 1909 – 18 June 1996) was a Uruguayan teacher, artist, poet, journalist, and art critic.

## Biography

Amalia Polleri devoted herself to painting, sculpture, engraving, poetry, and storytelling. She was a teacher of drawing and defender of women's rights. She wrote for La República, El Diario, La Mañana, Brecha, and other print media. She also worked in radio journalism. She received the Golden Candelabrum Award [es] from B'nai B'rith Uruguay.
She was a teacher of secondary education at the Instituto de Profesores Artigas [es] and Universidad del Trabajo del Uruguay [es] (UTU).
Polleri died on 18 June 1996, at the age of 86.
In 2013, an exhibition was held at the Museo Gurvich [es] that reviewed part of her work.

## Awards

Polleri won 1st prize in drawing and engraving at the 1942 National Salon for her drawing El niño loco. In 1995 she received the Gold Candelabrum Award from the Jewish organization B'nai Brith in recognition of her career.

## Works

* El niño loco (drawing, First Prize Drawing and Engraving, National Salon 1942)
* El lenguaje gráfico plástico: manual para docentes estudiantes y artistas, Amalia Polleri, María Celia Rovira, and Brenda Lissardy.
* Arte y Comunicación visual. Metodología y dimensión futura (1994) with Amalia Polleri and María Celia Rovira
# Thomas Webster (geologist)

Thomas Webster (11 February 1772 – 26 December 1844) was a Scottish geologist.

## Life

Webster was born in Orkney in 1772, probably at Kirkwall, and was educated at Aberdeen. He subsequently went to London and studied architecture, the Royal Institution in Albemarle Street being built from his design, and where in 1830 he delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture. In 1826 he was appointed house-secretary and curator to the Geological Society of London, and for many years he rendered important services in editing and illustrating the Transactions of the Society. From 1841–44 he was the first Professor of Geology at University College, London. He was an accomplished water-colour painter and was elected an honorary member of the Sketch Society. He contributed articles about Architecture and Aquatinta to Rees's Cyclopædia. An Encyclopaedia of Domestic Economy, a comprehensive guide to running a household which Webster had compiled with the help of a Mrs. Parkes, was published after his death in 1844.
He was distinguished for his researches on the Cenozoic formations of the Isle of Wight, where he recognised the occurrence of both fresh-water and marine strata; he continued his observations on the mainland of Hampshire, and subsequently in Dorset, where he described the rocks of the Isle of Purbeck and Isle of Portland.
Sir Henry Charles Englefield was indebted to him for the geological descriptions and the effective geological views and sections of the Isle of Wight and Dorset that enriched his Description of the Principal Picturesque Beauties, Antiquities and Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight (1816). The mineral websterite now known as aluminite was named after him.
He died in London on 26 December 1844 and is buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery. His grave (no.1311) no longer has a legible headstone or memorial.