# Sofoklis Venizelos

Sofoklis Venizelos (Greek: Σοφοκλής Βενιζέλος; 3 November 1894 – 7 February 1964) was a Greek politician who served three times as Prime Minister of Greece: in 1944 (in exile), 1950 and 1950–1951.

## Life and career

Venizelos was born on 3 November 1894 in Chania, Crete (then a part of the Ottoman Empire; it became an autonomous state under Ottoman suzerainty and the protection of Russia, Britain, France, and Italy in 1898). He was the second-born son of the politician Eleftherios Venizelos.
During World War I, he served with distinction in the Hellenic Army and the initial phases of the Asia Minor campaign, reaching the rank of Captain of Infantry.
He resigned from the Army and was elected as an MP with his father's Liberal Party in the 1920 elections.
In 1941, after the Axis occupation of Greece, he became ambassador to the United States, representing the Greek government in exile based in Cairo. He became a minister of that government in 1943 under Prime Minister Emmanuel Tsuderos and briefly became its prime minister in 1944 (April 13–26).
After the end of the war, he returned to Greece, where he became Vice President of the Liberal Party (led by Themistoklis Sofoulis) and a minister in the first post-war government led by Georgios Papandreou.
In 1948, he assumed the party's leadership and became a minister in several short-lived liberal governments led by Papandreou and Nikolaos Plastiras; he was also the Prime Minister of three such governments.
In 1954, his longtime friendship with Georgios Papandreou was shaken, and he formed the rival Liberal Democratic Union [el] coalition.
The rift was bridged in 1958, and in 1961, he became a founding member of Papandreou's Center Union party, which he served until he died in 1964.
On 6th February 1964, in the evening, he gave a pre-election speech in Chania. There, he had felt unwell, which he overcame. Later, he boarded the passenger ship Hellas in the Aegean Sea, en route from Chania to Piraeus or Syros. In the cabin, he felt discomfort and had shortness of breath. His attending physician diagnosed acute pulmonary edema. Venizelos died at 01:05 on 7 February. The ship returned to Souda. His funeral took place on Sunday February 9, in Chania, in the presence of Crown Prince Constantine (who represented the ailing King Paul), Prime Minister Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, Georgios Papandreou, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Spyros Markezinis, and Nicolas Kitsikis. Venizelos was buried next to his father, Eleftherios Venizelos. His wife Kathleen died in 1983, aged 86. In his honor, the shipping company ANEK Lines named one of its ferries after him.

## Bridge

Venizelos was a contract bridge player "of international stature" during the 1930s as a voluntary exile in France. He played for France in the European IBL Championships (later incorporated into the history of present-day European Bridge League championships). France won the 1935 tournament and a version of the team traveled to New York City late that year for a match against the Four Aces, which was "an unofficial world championship match" that the Aces won.
Venizelos was second in skill to Pierre Albarran among contemporary French players, according to Alan Truscott. Besides the national teams at contract bridge, they both played on a 1933 team that hosted an American foursome led by Ely Culbertson in a long match at "plafond, the French parent of contract bridge, which differed only in the scoring details." The two teams played 102 deals to a draw; Albarran and Venizelos cooperated on a book reporting and analysing the match:
* Les 102 donnes d'un grand match, by Pierre Albarran, Adrien Aron, and Venizelos, preface by Ely Culbertson (Éditions Grasset, 1933), 188 pp., LCCN 33-38010
Albarran, Aron, and Venizelos were three of six players on the 1935 European champion team.

## Venizelos/Mitsotakis family tree

Main members of the Venizelos/Mitsotakis family. Prime Ministers of Greece are highlighted in light blue. :
| | | | | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | Kyriakos Venizelos [la] (?–1883) | | | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) | Styliani Ploumidaki (1830–1897) |
| | | | | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936) | | | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | Katingo Venizelou (1858–1934) | | | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) | Constantine "Costis" Mitsotakis [el] (1845–1898) |
| Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Venizelos [el] (1892–1942) | | | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | Sofoklis Venizelos (1894–1964) | | | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis [el] (1892–1942) | | | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) | Stavroula Ploumidaki (1896–1983) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | Nikitas Venizelos (1930–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) | Marika Giannoukou (1930–2012) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989) | | | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | Dora Bakoyannis née Mitsotaki (b. 1954) | | | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) | Kyriakos Mitsotakis (b. 1968) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | Kostas Bakoyannis (b. 1978) | | | | |